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THE ROSE

A TREATISE

ON THE CULTIVATION, HISTORY, FAMILY CHARACTERISTICS,

ETC., OF THE VARIOUS GROUPS OF ROSES, WITH

ACCURATE DESCRIPTIONS OF THE VARIETIES

NOW GENERALLY GROWN.

BY

H. B. ELLWAS"GER

Mount Hope Nurseries, Rochester, N. Y.

NEW YORK

DODD, MEAD & COMPANY

publishers.

Copyright, 1882
By DODD, mead & COMPANY

THE LIERAkY

8RIGHAM YOUNG UNiVERSITY

PROVO. UTAH

/ DEDICATE THIS BOOK TO MY FATHER,

GEORGE ELLWANGER,

AVHO HAS DONE SO MUCH TO IMPROVE HORTICULTURAL TASTE, AND

INCULCATE

^ SLobe for tfte 3SeautifuL

HE HAS EVER TAUGHT, AND PROVED BY HIS LIFE, THAT MUCH OF THE
PUREST HAPPINESS IS FOUND IN

^ctfbe lEmplo^ment in ti)e ^avticn*

I will not have the mad Clytie,

Whose head is turned by the sun ;
The tulip is n courtly queen,

Whom, therefore, I will shun ;
The cowslip is a country wench,

The violet is a nun ;
But I will woo tl>e dainty rose,

The queen of every one.

The pea is but a wanton witch.

In too much haste to wed,
And clasps her rings on every hand ;

The wolfsbane I should dread :
Nor will I dreary rose marye,

That always mourns the dead ;
But I will woo the dainty rose,

With her cheeks of tender red.

The lily is all in white^, like a saint,

And so is no mate for me ;
And the daisy's cheek is tipped with a blush,

She is of such low degree ;
Jasmine is sweet and has many loves.

And the broom's betrothed to the bee ;
But I will plight with the dainty rose,

For fairest of all is she.

—Thomas Hood.

•' God Abnightie first Planted a Garden, and indeed it is the Purest
of Human pleasures. It is the Greatest Refreshment to the Spirits of
Man ; without which Buildings and Palaces are but Grosse Handy-
works : And a man shall ever see that when Asjes grow to Civility and
Elegancie, Men come to Build Stately sooner than to Garden Finely ;
As if Gardening were the Greater Perfection."— Bacon.

TABLE OF CONTENTS.

PAGE.

Introduction 5-6

Chapter I.
Classification 7-9

Chapter II.

The Families of Roses in General Culti-
vation 10-51

Chapter III.
Technical Terms 52-55

Chapter IV.
Position and Soil 56-60

Chapter V.
Planting and Pruning 61-67

Chapter YI.
Manures 68-72

Chapter VII.
Insects and Diseases 73-84

VI CONTENTS.

PAGE.

Chapter VIII.
Propagation 85-92

Chapter IX.
Exliibiting Eoses 93-99

Chapter X.
Koses under Glass 100-112

Chapter XI.
Varieties for Special Purposes 113-119

Chapter XII.
Raisers of the Best Roses 120-144

Chapter XIII.
Tlie Seed Parents of Various Roses. . . .145-151

Chapter XIV.

Permanent Colors. Too - Much - Alike
Roses. How to Distinguish Be-
tween Similar Varieties . 152-163

Chapter XV.
Typical Roses 164-176

Chapter XVI.

Raising New Varieties .177-189

Appendix 190-193

Catalogue of Varieties 194-291

INTEODUOTIOK

There have been so many works on the rose
produced within the past twenty years, several of
them being very vakiable and interesting, that a
few words of explanation may not be out of place,
to explain why it was thought desirable to add to
the number. The most useful of these compila-
tions are English works, but the differences of cli-
]nate, etc., render necessary, for this country, a
modification and change in the directions for
culture ; the same reasons will lead ns to select a
somewhat different list of varieties for general
cultivation from what would be chosen by Eng-
lish Eosarians ; besides all this, there is tile ex-
pectant feeling which impels all authors, that the
half has not been told, that in a subject like this,
no compilation can ever be deemed perfect or
final. New varieties, new classes and types, are
being produced ; by experience we leai:n that
modifications of old established principles are

b INTRODUCTION.

often necessary, and therefore fresh gleanings
from the rose garden will ever be acceptable and
interesting when coming from observing and lov-
ing devotees of La Eeine.

While, therefore, this book neither expects
nor desires to supersede its predecessors, it asks
admission to their fellowship, hoping that it con-
tains enough that is distinctive and of merit to
be considered companionable.

THE ROSE.

CHAPTER I.

CLASSIFICATIOlSr.

No two books, treating of the rose, exactly
agree as to the different groups under which roses
should be classed, and those who expect some
slight variance in this work from what has pre-
ceded it, in other compilations, will not be wrong
in their conjectures.

There has been such an infinitude of crosses
made between different groups, by means natu-
ral and artificial, that it would be rather remark-
able to find two writers who would assign the
same varieties throughout, to the same classes.
So it is that, by the various conjectures and opin-
ions of the different authors, much confusion
and perplexity has been engendered. Some, in
order that the character of a variety may be

8 THE ROSE.

known as nearly as possible, make many groups,
classes, divisions, and subdivisions enough to
make the head of the reader swim in a sea of per-
plexity ; others, in order to avoid a multiplicity
of groups, narrow the classification to a few divis-
ions, and in so doing, bury completely the dis-
tinguishing characteristics of a variety. The
former, besides arranging Hybrid Perpetuals into
groups of Hybrid Noisettes and Hybrid Teas,
further divide them into such groups as Hybrid
Bourbons, Rose de Rosomene, Eose de Trianon,
etc. The latter would divide all these among
Hybrid Perpetuals. I confess to leaning tow-
ards this latter class ; but where we have dis-
tinguishing characteristics that are very marked,
and other new varieties of the same or similar
peculiarities, are following, it seems desirable to
provide a distinctive name and division for them.
Thus, when Guillot introduced La France, it was
appropriately placed among the Hybrid Perpet-
ual Roses, although known to have originated
from the seed of a Tea Rose. It would have
been unwise to have made a class for the exclu-
sive benefit of this beauty, trusting that worthy
companions might in the future be found for

CLASSIFICATION. 9

her ; but now that we have Cannes La Coquette,
Cheshunt Hybrid, Mine. Alexandre Bernaix, and
those of Mr. Bennett's raising, it seems not only
desirable but necessary to group them by them-
selves. The same is the case with the Hybrid
Noisettes ; both of these classes are being added
to annually, and are now of very great impor-
tance. On the other hand, such groups as the
Hybrid Bourbons are rapidly receding from
prominence, and in order to simplify matters
their disintegration should be made complete ;
the different varieties that are deemed worthy of
being retained can be placed among the Hybrid
Perpetuals or the Bourbons, according to their
more prominent characteristics.

CHAPTER II.

THE FAMILIES OF ROSES IN GENERAL CUL-
TIVATION.

Part I. — Summer Roses. Those which bloom
but once during tlie season, in the months
of June and July.

Class 1. — Climbing or Sarmentous Roses.

The Ayrshire Hose {Rosa Arvensis Hyhri-
da), — These roses, of Enghsh origin, are of slen-
der, rapid growth, having five leaflets, often
running fifteen or twenty feet in one season, and
are of use in covering buildings, unsightly ob-
jects, etc. They are somewhat less hardy and
less valuable than the hybrid climbers and prairie
roses. They do not require rich soil, and should
be pruned very little, or not at all. Bennett's
Seedling, Queen of Ayrshires, Queen of Belgians,
and Ruga, are the leading sorts.

The Banksia Rose {Rosa BanTcsim) is a native
of China, named in honor of Lady Banks by the

ROSES IN GENERAL CULTIVATION. 11

botanist Eobert Brown. It was brought to Eng-
land in 1807. The flowers, very small, resem-
bling double cherry blossoms, are produced in
clusters early in the season, and have, generally, a
decided violet perfume ; indeed I doubt whether
many persons, if blindfolded, could by the odor
distinguish them from violets. The wood is very
smooth, slender, and of rapid growth. The leaf-
lets are often but three in number, are long, dark,
and lustrous. Not being hardy they can have no
great value at the North, but in the Southern
States they form a very desirable group. The
best known sorts are Alba Grandiflora, Fortunei,
White and Yellows They should be sparingly
pruned.

Boursaiilt Rose {Rosa Alpina), — This is a
distinct but worthless group, which receives its
name from M. Boursault, a Parisian rose ama-
teur. Most of the varieties are free from thorns
and have long, flexible, reddish-colored shoots.
Amadis, or Crimson Boursault, is the one most
esteemed.

The Evergreen Rose {Rosa Seirvpervirens)^
with seven leaflets, has much in common with
the Ayrshire, but is characterized by dark green

12 THE ROSE.

foliage, which is retained till dislodged by heavy
frosts ; they are of the same hardiness as the
Ayshires and require the same freedom from
the pruning-knife ; the knife should only be ap-
plied to cut out entirely shoots that require thin-
ning. There have been several pretty varieties
of this group sent out, but Felicite Perpetuelle
is perhaps the best representative, and the only
one we would commend for cultivation.

Hybrid Climbing Roses {Bosa Ilyhrida Scan-
dens), — This class takes in those sorts for which
it is difficult to find a group where they can be
appropriately placed ; it gathers in waifs and is
a kind of orphan asylum, a place of refuge for
the abandoned and unknown. No varieties in
this group are of any great value ; the old sorts,
Mme. d'Arblay and the Garland, once the best
known, are now almost forgotten. Those which
are most grown are Fortune's Double Yellow,
recently sent out under the name Beauty of
Glazenwood, and La Saumonee.

The Many 'Flowered Rose {Rosa Multiflora)^
five to sev^en leaflets, is a native of Japan, in-
troduced into England by Thunberg in 1804. It
flowers in clusters, and continues for some time

ROSES IN GENERAL CULTIVATION. 13

ill bloom ; the flowers are double, small, and of
no great beauty. The shoots have comparatively
few thorns, which come in pairs. De la Grif-
feraie is in England considered valuable as a
stock on which to work the climbing teas and
some other roses ; we believe it may be good for
this, it is not good for anything else. Grevillia,
or Seven Sisters, generally sent out under the
latter name, is propagated to considerable extent
in this country, and is principally called for by
tree peddlers, who make large sales of it, by
means of exaggerated colored plates, accompa-
nied by untruthful descriptions. It is tender as
the Tea-scented Noisettes, and is in every way
inferior to them.

The Prairie Rose (liosa Eubifolia) is much
the most valuable of all the non -remontant climb-
ers. It is indigenous to the country, being
found in Michigan and many of the Western
States. Seeds of the common variety were sown
about 1836, by Messrs. Samuel and John Feast of
Baltimore. The seedlings from this sowing
were fertilized by surrounding flowers, from
some of the best varieties of roses grown at the
time, and from this lot came Baltimore Bfellc and

14 THE ROSE.

Queen of Prairies, the two best-known sorts.
The fohageis rough, large, 5 to 7 leaflets, gener-
ally of a dark green color ; for rapidity of
growth they equal or excel the Ayrshires, and
surpass all climbers in hardiness. They bloom
in large clusters late in the season, when other
summer roses are past and have gone their way,
and succeed over a greater extent of territory
than any other climbers. Although decidedly
inferior in quality to the Tea - Noisettes and
Climbing Teas, their hardiness and superior
vigor of growth make tliem of great value where
the more beautiful members of the sisterhood are
too delicate in constitution to be made useful.
When, then, it is desired to cover walls, trellises,
old trees, unsightly buildings, etc., with roses,
none will be found to do the work so efficiently
as varieties of the Prairie Rose. It is very de-
sirable that further development of this impor-
tant class should be made ; we should endeavor,
by artificial fertilization, to produce hybrids,
blending Hybrid Perpetual, Bourbon, and Noi-
sette with the Prairies. This, ^vith the more
double varieties, is somewhat difficult, as I found
in experiments made under glass last winter. I

ROSES IN GENEKAL CULTIVATION". 15

attempted to fertilize blooms of Baltimore Belle,
Gem of Prairies and Queen of Prairies, by
different varieties, such as General Jacqueminot,
Safrano and Solfaterre, but the only seed I ob-
tained was from one bloom of Gem of the
Prairies fertilized by General Jacqueminot. The
pistils of the Prairie Roses are glued together, as
it were, and make fertilization very difficult ;
Gem of the Prairies, itself a hybrid, is the only
one on which seed is often found in the open
air, therefore we would probably be far more
successful in making crosses by using some of
the more single varieties.

The most desirable of the class are Anna
Maria, Baltimore Belle, Gem of the Prairies (the
only variety that is fragrant). Queen of the
Prairies, and Triumphant. Baltimore Belle is the
most beautiful, but seems to contain some Noi-
sette blood, which makes it less hardy than the
others ; it is sufficiently robust, however, to
withstand all ordinary winters. The Prairie
Roses, like all climbers, should be sparingly
pruned.

16 THE ROSE.

Class 2.

Austrian Brier {Rosa Lutea), — This is a
native of the South of Europe, having single flow-
ers, of a yellow or coppery -yellow color ; leaflets
7 to 9 in number. The shoots are of a chocolate
color, well fortified with spines. It is very
hardy, and from its color and hardiness ofi^ers in-
ducements to the hybridizers, but they will find
some difficulty in getting it to seed. These roses
must not be severely pruned or there will be an
utter absence of flowers ; it is only necessary to
cut away shoots that are decayed or need thin-
ning and merely pinch the tops of shoots that
are left. It is a small but interesting family,
and gives us the only hardy yellow roses that are
of value. There are three varieties worth grow-
ing, the Copper, Harrisonii, and Persian Yellow.
The foliage of this class has a slight odor like the
Sweet Brier.

The Damask Rose {Rosa Da7nasoend) is
found native about Damascus and various poi'-
tions of Syria, from whence it was brought to
Europe about 1573, It is in a large degree the

ROSES IN GENERAL CULTIVATION. 17

founder of the Hybrid Perpetual Roses. From
this class, and also from the Provence, most of
the rose-water is distilled. Tlie Damasks have
pale green leaves (5 to 7 leaflets), green shoots,
with numerous spines, are of vigorous growth,
and very hardy ; the flowers are mostly flat, of
light colors, and very fragrant. They need but
little pruning.

Mme. Hardy and Mme. Zoutman are the only
ones worth cultivating, they are both very valu-
able white roses, albeit the first-named is " green-
eyed, like jealousy, envious, it may be, of the
latter, who, though not of such a clear complex-
ion, is free from ocular infirmities."

The Trench Rose {Rosa Gallica)^ in spite of
its name, has not been traced to any country,
but is generally credited with being a native of
Europe. It is very hardy, of compact growth,
requiring close pruning.

The varieties in this class have very dark
leaflets, 5 to 7 in number ; though beautiful,
they are superseded by various Hybrid Perpet-
uals of the same shade, and can no longer be
recommended, except for large collections. The

18 THE KOSE.

best of them are Boule de Nanteuil, Oeillet
Flamand, an odd, striped variety, and Triomphe
de Jaussens.

The Ilyhrid China Rose {liosa Indica Ily-
hrlda) has arisen from various crosses among
the French, Provence, and other summer kinds,
with the China, Noisette, and Bourbon Roses.
For a long time the varieties of this class were
our most beautiful and cherished roses, but, like
nearly all of the summer sorts, they are outshone
and outlasted by various Remontants. In this
connection it may be remarked that about one-
fourth of the roses which are sent out as Hybrid
Perpetuals should properly be placed among the
Hybrid Chinas, for the flowers which they pro-
duce in autumn are the exception and not the
rule. A Hybrid Perpetual may be described as
a Hybrid China which blooms more than once
during the season ; if this classification were car-
ried out, we should to-day be growing many
more Hybrid Chinas and many less Hybrid Per-
petuals. Raisers dislike to call a new variety
Hybrid China, if by any stretch of the imagina-
tion, or from having seen a bloom during the
autumn, they think people can be persuaded that

ROSES IN GE:N^ERAL CULTlVATIOISr. 19

they are getting a Remontant. To call a new
variety a summer rose is to sound its death-knell,
and no amount of adjectives in the superlative
degree can resuscitate or afford it sufficient
stimulus for more than a brief existence. Peo-
ple no longer buy summer roses, at least ninety-
nine out of one hundred do not, hitt unless the
description of the raiser particularly states to the
contrary (that they are free autumnals) they are,
all the same, pretty likely to get a number of
them, and in the course of a few years will dis-
cover that many beautiful roses which they
bought for Hybrid Perpetuals are simply sum-
mer roses which occasionally, or very rarely,
grudgingly yield a few autumn flowers. In this
book, therefore, many varieties will be found de-
scribed as Hybrid Ohiaas, which are catalogued,
by nurserymen, as Hybrid Perpetuals.

On account of the diverse parentage of the
varieties in this group, coming from so many
different classes, there is great dissimilarity in
the appearance of the different sorts, but most of
them are rapid growers, with long, flexible
shoots ; smooth, luxuriant foliage ; large, rather
numerous, thorns ; globular or cup-shaped flow-

20 THE ROSE.

erSj which are freely produced in their season.
Those of vigorous growth, and most of them are
such, require but little pruning. Many of them
make beautiful Pillar Roses, and can be used as
climbers in positions where extreme rapid growth
is not required ; in such places they make the
best summer climbers that we have.

''It is time, I think, for some alterations in
the nomenclature and classification of the rose.
When summer roses — roses, that is, which bloom
but once — were almost the only varieties grown,
and when hybridisers found a splendid market
for novelties in any quantities, new always, and
distinct in name^ the subdivisions yet remaining
in some of our catalogues were interesting, no
doubt, to our forefathers, and more intelligible,
let us hope, than they are to us. Let us believe
that it was patent to their shrewder sense why
pink roses were called Albas, and roses whose
hues were white and lemon were described as
Damask. Let us suppose that they could dis-
tinguish at any distance the Gallica from the
Provence Rose, and that when they heard the
words Hybrid China, instead of being reminded,
as I am, of a cross between a Cochin and a

ROSES 12^ GENERAL CULTIVATIOJS^. 21

Dorking fowl, they recognized an infinity of dis-
tinctive attributes which estrangp that variety
from the Hybrid Bourbon in the most palpable
and objective form. But now that these sum-
mer roses are no longer paramount — rapidly dis-
appearing, on the contrary, before the superior
and more enduring beauty of those varieties
which bloom in summer and autumn too ; now
that several divisions formerly recognized are
gone from the catalogues, and others include but
two or three able-bodied roses on their muster-
roll — it would be advisable, I think, to ignore
altogether these minor distinctions, and to classify
as summer roses all those which bloom but once.
Not without a painful sigh can we older rosa-
rians witness the removal of our old landmarks —
not without a loyal sorrow do we say farewell to
friends who have brightened our lives with so
much gladness ; but we cannot long remember
our losses, surrounded as we are by such abun-
dant gains, and the tears of memory must pass
away as quickly as the dew in summer.""^

We think within a few years the suggestion of
Canon Hole will be partially carried out by

* S. Reynolds Hole.

22 THE ROSE.

nurserymen in their catalogues, but it would yet
be well to keep in separate groups the Summer
Climbers, the Austrian Brier, and Moss Roses.
What remains of such old classes as the French,
Provence, Damask, Hybrid Bourbon, etc., may
well be grouped with the Hybrid Chinas.

The best of the old Hybrid China roses are
Chenedolle, so called from a member of the
Chamber of Deputies in France, a vivid red of
large size ; Coupe d'Hebe (who would not quaff
nectar from this ?) ; Mme. Plantier, a valuable
white rose for massing and for hedges ; and
Paul Eicaut, still one of the most beautiful roses
— alas that it blooms but once !

The Moss Rose {Rosa GentifoUa Muscosa) is
believed to be a sport from the Provence Rose,
and was introduced to England from Holland,
about the beginning of the seventeenth century.
They are distinguished from other roses by the
moss-like substance which surrounds the flower-
buds, and by the marked Provence scent. The
shoots are thickly covered with small spines.
They are very subject, as a class, to mildew, and,
with a few exceptions, require close pruning, rich
soil, and high culture. On account of their

ROSES IN GENERAL CULTIVATION. 23

beautiful buds they are great favorites with every
one, and form decidedly the most valuable group
of all the summer roses. The finest varieties of
the race are Common Moss, Crested, and Prolific
or Gracilis. Most of the kinds have 7 leaflets.
The Provence Rose {Rosa Centifolia Provin-
cialis)^ or Cabbage Rose, is supposed to have
been known to the Komans, and derives its
botanical name from the great number of petals
or flower-leaves. Its origin is not known, but
growing abundantly in Provence, the South of
France, has received that name, though the
French themselves always call it by the botanical
name of Rose a Cent-Feuilles. Their habit is
somewhat drooping and straggling, the foliage
massive ; the flowers are generally of globular
form and of delightful scent, so that to say a
variety is as fragrant as the Cabbage Rose is
commendation enough, so far as scent is con-
cerned. This class demands good culture and
close pruning ; though but few in numbers, it
was formerly an important group, and will ever
be remembered through the Common Provence,
or Cabbage Rose, a variety which, though blos-
soming but once, should be found in every col-

24 THE ROSE.

lection of any size. None others are worth cul-
tivating except the highly scented Crested
Provence, which is better known as Crested
Moss, and appropriately placed with the Mosses.

The Sweet- Brier {Rosa Ritbiginosa)^ or Eg-
lantine, with 7 leaflets, is found growing wild
in different countries, but the variety known as
Common Sweet-Brier, a native of England, is
the only one worth growing. It is almost need-
less to remark that the pink flowers, which are
single, possess interest only for the botanist or
artist ; it is the leaves of the plant which are so
attractive to general cultivators. After a warm
spring shower, or when moistened by the morn-
ing or evening dew, the foliage gives out a de-
lightful perfume, sid generis^ equalled by few
rose-blooms. Any garden of considerable size
should certainly contain a few plants of this fa-
vorite rose of the poets ; they may be planted in-
dividually, or in hedges, as they bear clipping
without injury.

The Scotch Rose {Rosa Spiiiosissimd)^ called
by the French, Rosier Pimprenelle, is, true to
the botanical name, the most thorny of all roses ;
but, though possessing some merit, has almost

KOSES IN GENERAL CULTIVATION. 25

passed out of cultivation. It is a native of Eng-
land and Scotland, and many varieties have been
raised from seed and sent out by Scotch nursery-
men, the names of which are quite forgotten,
most of them deservedly so. They are of com-
pact growth, very hardy, generally 9 leaflets,
and produce small flowers very early in the sea-
son ; they require but little pruning. The two
varieties which are perhaps most grown are two
hybrids, Stanwell's Perpetual and Souvenir of
Henry Clay (raised in America) ; these give a few
flowers in autumn in addition to those in spring.

Part II. — Perpetual or Autumnal Roses.

Blooming more than once during the season,
many of them continuously from June to IS'o-
vember, or until cut off by the frost.

Class 1. — CLiMBiNa ok Running Roses.

All of these will thrive in any ordinary, good
garden-soil, that is free from standing water.
The more vigorous varieties should have but lit-
tle pruning ; generally to thin out branches that
crowd the others will be all the knife-work re-
quired.

26 THE ROSE.

Ilyhrid Clwibing Roses {liosa Hyhrida Scan-
dens) are of modern origin and come from vari-
ous sources ; the greater number are sports of
various Hybrid Perpetuals ; several of them have
an extra vigor of growth at the expense of free-
dom and size of bloom, but one variety, Climb-
ing Jules Margottin, is not only one of the
strongest growers among them, but yields fully
as many flowers and of quite as good quality, as
the parent plant. None of them make growth
enough to cover large buildings, but for growing
on a trellis or pillar they are very desirable.
We are likely to have many valuable additions to
this class in the near future ; it is already an im-
portant group. Besides Climbing Jules Margot-
tin, the most valuable members of the group
which w^e have tested are Reine Marie Henriette,
Princess Louise Victoria, and Climbing Victor
Verdier. The former was raised from the Climb-
ing Tea, Mme. Berard, fertilized by General
Jacqueminot ; it is a highly scented red rose,
somewhat resembling Cheshunt Hybrid, and
though not a free autumnal sort will give a num-
ber of blooms throughout the summer months.
Climbing Victor Verdier differs mainly from the

ROSES IN GENERAL CULTIVATION. 27

parent in being of stronger growth, the flowers
are somewhat smaller, and less freely produced.
Climbing Edward Morren, Bessie Johnson, and
Mdlle. Eugenie Verdier are new varieties which
we have not seen in flower but are well spoken
of. Otlier varieties in the class are Catherine
Bell and Red Dragon. Glory of Cheshunt,
raised from Charles Lefebvre, is a new variety
sent out by G. Paul, of Cheshunt. England. We
saw this in flower, during a visit to Cheshunt in
August, 1880, and were very favorably impressed
with it ; should it succeed as well here as there,
it will be the best rose of the class. It is a vivid
crimson, freely produced, and of vigorous
growth ; it must be a natural hybrid, or cross, as
no seedling of Charles Lefebvre yet produced will
compare in vigor of growth with this new sort.

The MiGvophylla or Small-Leaved Rose {Rosa
Microphylla) is a native of China, and brought
from there to England in 1823. The leaf-stalks
are covered with numerous small leaflets, which
give a name to the class. They are not quite
hardy and have with one exception but little
value. Alba or Alba Odorata seems to have
some Tea blood ; the flowers are a pale /ellowish

28 THE HOSE.

white, often pure white, and highly scented.
This is a valuable rose south of Washington.

The Noisette or Champney Hose {Rosa Mos-
chata Ilyhrida) is of American origin. From
the seed of the White Musk Rose ferti]ized by
the Blush China (Bengal), John Champney, of
Charleston, South Carolina, raised a variety
which was called Champney's Pink Cluster. A
few years after, Philippe Noisette, a florist, also
of Charleston, raised from the seed of Champ-
ney's Pink Cluster a blush variety, which he
sent to his brother, Louis Noisette, of Paris,
France, under the name of Noisette Rose, not
giving credit to Mr. Champney, as the originator
of the class, which has ever since borne the
wrong title of Noisette Rose. Louis Noisette
received it about the year 181T. These roses,
originally, had the characteristics in a great
measure of the old Musk Rose, such as scent and
a tendency to bloom in large clusters. The group
is naturally of strong growth and nearly hardy,
but the varieties which are now commonly grown
have generally Tea blood in them, and have
therefore in a great measure lost their hardiness
and the tendency to bloom in clusters.

ROSES i:n^ gekeral cultivation. 29

Among the true Noisettes, Aimee Vibert
(Scandens) is decidedly the most vahiable ; the
flowers are small but pure white, sufficiently full,
of beautiful form ; the foliage is a dark lustrous
green ; growth vigorous. Others belonging to
this division are Admiral Rigney or Eugene
Pirolle, Beauty of Greenmount, Caroline Mar-
niesse, Fellenberg, Ophirie, Pumila, Washington,
Woodland Marguerite. None of these will have
interest for small cultivators, excepting perhaps
Pumila, and this is somewhat more tender than
the rest. Among the Tea-scented Noisettes we
have some superb roses, which have far more
substance, and are much more beautiful, than
those named above, albeit less hardy. They
make magnificent climbers imder glass, and some
of them succeed fairly well at the North out of
doors, if given sheltered positions. In the
Southern States they are by far the finest climb-
ers that can be grown. Marechal Neil, which is
said to have been raised from Isabella Gray, ac-
cording to general opinion, is at once the best
Noisette, the finest yellow, and the most beauti-
ful variety of any class that has ever been sent
out. Chromatella is another superb yellow, in

30 THE KOSE.

beauty of flower but a few degrees removed from
the Marechal ; but she is shy of her charms, and
unless carefully treated will not display her
beauty. If you would have flowers in profusion
from any of these roses, you must keep away the
pruning-knife, excepting when it is necessary to
cut away shoots altogether. Dr. Kane and Isa-
bella Gray are two lovely roses of American
origin which demand the same skill in manage-
ment as Chromatella. Solfaterre is the most use-
ful yellow of them all ; it is hardier, of better
habit, and more certain to flower than any, and
the blooms are but little inferior. Besides all
this, it makes the best stock on which to bud
Teas, or Hybrids from the Teas, of any that I
am acquainted with, surpassing that excellent
stock and parent variety, Lamarque. I should
advise all persons who wish to grow Tea Roses,
under glass, planted in borders, to put out plants
of Solfaterre, and on these, after they have made
sufficient growth, to bud all but the vigorous
growing Teas. Marechal Keil and all the Gloire
de Dijon type of Teas are improved by being
worked on this stock. Being much less hardy
than the Common Brier, it would not be so good

ROSES 1^ GENERAL CULTIVATIO:^^. 31

a foster-parent for the Teas wliicli are worked
out of doors^ but under glass I know of nothing
equal to it. Lamarque is a superior old white
rose, which has somewhat gone out of cultiva-
tion ; but this should not be, for it retains the
clustering tendency of the race and produces an
immense quantity of flowers during the season.
It is a noble rose. Nearly all the fine Tea-
Noisettes are traced back to Lamarque. Besides
those already named, we have Celine Forestier,
Mme. Caroline Kuster, Triomphe de Eennes,
and W. A. Eichardson, all fine yellow roses, of
healthy habit and easy of cultivation.

77ie Polyantha liemontant Hose {Rosa Poly-
antha) was brought from Japan about the year
1865, by Robert Fortune, and is distinguished
from all other classes by its panicled blooms.
This peculiarity is not generally retained, how-
ever, when crossed with other roses, at least not
in most of the varieties which have been sent out
as seedlings from it. M. Jean Sisley, the eminent
horticulturist of Lyons, says of this class : ^^ It
appears not to have crossed any of tlie other types
with its own pollen. In a bed I made two years
ago, with the seed in question (without practis-

32 THE ROSE.

ing artificial fertilization), I found pure Eglan-
tines. 1 would therefore recommend rosarians
to try artificial fertilization on the other types,
as, if we could get Tea-scented Bourbons, and
Perpetual Hybrids with flowers in panicles, we
should change the whole aspect of the rose gar-
den, and in a most interesting way modify the
rose genus."

We believe some of the French rosarians
have acted on this suggestion, and that thej^
have in a measure been successful in producing
roses with these characteristics, as in the two vari-
eties Paquerette raised by Guillot-fils, and Anne
Marie de Montravel raised by Rambaux and Du-
breuil. In August, 1880, when in Lyons, we
saw a very pretty variety of this group raised
from a seedling of Polyantha crossed by a Tea.
The blooms, w^hich are of a very delicate salmon-
pink, are freely produced and highly scented.
If it proves to be of good habit, it will be a
charming variety for bouquets, etc. It has since
been named Mdlle. Cecile Brunner. These
three sorts are the only ones of value as yet sent
out ; all are remontant, which is not the case
with the parent variety.

ROSES IN GENERAL CULTIVATION. 33

The Climbing Tea Rose {Rosa Indica Odo-
rata Scandens) is a class, or division, so distinct
from the other Teas, that it requires a place for
itself. Nearly all the varieties catalogued in this
division are descendants of Gloire de Dijon, but
hybridizers are making great progress of late,
and it is probable we shall soon have varieties
from other strains and outcrosses to be added to
the list of Climbing Teas. The origin of Gloire
de Dijon is unknown. It was raised in the
South of France by Jacotot, and sent out in
1853, creating a great furor in rose-circles. My
opinion is, that we have in this a natural hybrid
produced from the seed of some strong growing
Tea, or Tea-Noisette which had been impregnat-
ed by a Bourbon of robust habit. Gloire de
Dijon and its offspring are of vigorous growth
when once established, but the young plants re-
quire a long time (if grown from cuttings) before
they have vitality enough to push into strong
growth. It is therefore a great advantage to
obtain them worked on some other stock, such
as Solfaterre, De la Grifferaie, or seedling Brier.
The foliage is very large, thick, and lustr*ous ;
thorns comparatively few ; the flowers are of

34 THE ROSE.

large size, globular sliape, full, and with some
fragrance. None of the progeny are qnite equal
to the mother variety in freedom of bloom,
hardiness, or fragrance ; Marie Berton, a superb
pale yellow rose, ranks second. Next in order
come Belle Lyonnaise, Mme. Trifle, and Mme.
Berard, this last being too much like Gloire de
Dijon to be valuable in a small collection. The
new variety, Reine Marie Henriette, which
might be classed with these, has already been
mentioned and described among the Hybrid
Climbers. This sort, unlike the Gloire de Dijon
race, will make strong plants grown from cut-
tings, rooting and growing as freely as General
Jacqueminot. Besides these varieties, we have
Climbing Devoniensis, a sport from old Devo-
niensis and identical with it in flower, but of
much stronger growth. Except Climbing De-
voniensis they are more than half-hardy, and will
do well out of doors in positions that are shel-
tered.

Class 2. — Autumnal non-Climbers.

The Bengal or China Rose {Rosa Indica) is
a native of China which was brought to Europe

ROSES IN GENERAL CULTIVATION. 35

some time dm^ing the eighteenth centiiiy. Two
varieties were introduced, the Blush China and
Crimson China ; from these a great number of
seedlings have been raised, many of them crosses
from Teas. Two groups are often made of these
roses, but there is no necessity of this, as very
few differ sufficiently to make two divisions de-
sirable. They are of moderate, branching
growth, with foliage and flowers both small.
They require a rich soil and close pruning ; thus
favored, they give perhajDS a greater quantity of
flowers during the season than any other class.
They are not hardy and have no fragrance, but
in spite of this are a very valuable group on ac-
count of the profusion of crimson buds which
are furnished by such sorts as Agrippina. A
bed of Agrippina, on a lawn, is a most desirable
thing ; none of the other crimsons are quite
equal to this old sort, from whatever point of
view they be considered ; among them, w^e note
Eugene Beauharnais, Fabvier, Louis Philippe.
The leading varieties of lighter shades are Cels
Multifiora, Clara Sylvain, Ducher, and Mme.
Bureau. Two varieties of the class which have
marked peculiarities are Viridiflora or Yiridis-

36 THE ROSE.

cens, and James Sprunt. The former is prob-
ably a sport from the old Bhish, or one of its im-
mediate descendants ; its peculiarity consists in
green flowers which are freely produced ; though
curious^ they are not attractive, and there is no
value in it, save as a curiosity. James Sprunt
originated in the year 1858. Rev. James M.
Sprunt, D.D., a Presbyterian clergyman of
Kenansville, North Carolina, divided some strong
plants of Agrippina. Afterwards he observed a
single shoot from one of these plants growling
vigorously ^vithout flowers or branches ; it grew
over fifteen feet before it showed any flower
buds, the rest of the plant retaining its normal
characteristics. This shoot branched out very
freely the following year, and cuttings taken
from it invariably retained the same climbing
habit. The flowers of James Sprunt are some-
what larger and fuller than Agrippina, but are,
of course, not produced till the plant has made
considerable growth. It is a valuable green-
house climber. What are called Fairy Roses are
miniature Bengals ; we do not consider them of
any value, the Bengals are small enough.

The Bourhon Rose {Rosa Bourboniand) w^as

ROSES IN GENERAL CULTIVATION. 37

obtained from the Isle of Bourbon and taken to
France (either seeds or plants) in the early part
of the century. It was noticed growing in a
hedge of Bengal and Damask Perpetual Roses,
and on examination proved distinct from either,
but seemed to have characteristics which per-
tained to both. It has been considered therefore
as a natural hybrid, a product from these two
groups. Except in the case of varieties strongly
impregnated with Tea blood, this class is suffi-
ciently hardy to withstand all but extraordinary
winters ; the tops may be blackened by the frost,
but shoots will push forth from the lower buds.
The varieties vary greatly in growth and other
features, but most of them are of vigorous habit,
and have dark, lustrous foliage. The flowers
are generally of light shades and found in clus-
ters, and are specially valuable in the autumn,
when so many Hybrid Perpetuals belie their
name. Bat it must not be overlooked that many
Bourbon Roses are also shy autumnals, though
mention of this is seldom made in any of the
catalogues, and the impression is therefore gener-
al that all Bourbon Roses produce flowers freely
in the autumn. There are several well-ivnowu

38 THE ROSE.

sorts, like Dupetit Thouars, Sir J. Paxton, etc.,
that will not produce flowers in the fall of the
year at all, unless specially pruned and treated.
Those which are of moderate growth require rich
soil and close pruning ; such are Hermosa, Queen
of Bourbons, Souvenir de la Malmaison, and the
new Queen of Bedders, all excellent varieties
w^orthy a place in a small collection. The
stronger growers need to have less wood re-
moved, but must have moderate pruning. The
best of them are Appolline, Comice de Tarn-et-
Garonne, Duchesse de Thuringe, Edward Des-
f osses, George Peabody, and Malmaison. If these
have the shoots moderately cut back so soon as
each is through flowering, they will give a suc-
cession of flowers from June until cut off by the
frost. Souvenir de la Malmaison is the general
favorite of this group, but I consider Appolline
as the most valuable ; it flowers with the same
freedom as Hermosa, when cut back as directed
above, and has large cup-shaped blossoms of
rosy-carmine that are very attractive. No col-
lection can be complete with this variety left
out.

The Hybrid Noisette Rose {Rosa Noisettiana

ROSES IN GENERAL CULTIVATION. 39

Ilyhrida) is a comparatively n ew group of con-
siderable importance. The varieties of this
class generally, though not always, flower in
small clusters and bloom very freely throughout
the season ; they are of about the same degree of
hardiness as the Bourbons — that is will winter
with perfect safety if given some slight protec-
tion, such as hilling up earth about the plants or
covering them with loose litter or evergreen
branches. It is not easy to ascertain the origin
of this class, but the varieties are mostly from
crosses of Bourbon on Koisette and vice versa.
They all require pretty severe pruning. The
most beautiful in the class are Madame l^oman,
Mdlle, Bonnaire, and Eliza Boelle, a trio of white
roses which might well represent the three
Graces. There is too strong a resemblance be-
tween them to make all desirable in a small col-
lection, but it is difficult to know which of them
to reject. Our own preference inclines towards
Madame Norman. These are the most delicate
in habit ; of the stronger growing varieties
which partake more of the Noisette character,
Coquette des Alpes, Coquette des Blanches, and
Mme. Auguste Perrin are most noteworthy.

40 THE ROSE.

Baronne de Muynard, Madame Alfred de Rouge-
mont, and Madame Frangois Pittet are worthy
a j)]ace in colle(*.tions of considerable extent.

The Hybrid Perpetual^ or Hybrid Remontant
Rose {Rosa Damascena Hybrida)^ is hy far the
most valuable, if not the most beautiful, of all
groups of roses. The first varieties sent out
were mostly from crosses of Bourbons upon
Damask Perpetual s and Hybrid Chinas ; after-
wards crosses were made with varieties of Prov-
ence, Damask, and French Roses upon Bour-
bons, Bengals, and Teas, and vice versa. The
progeny of these was then recrossed with differ-
ent classes, and so it is we have a group of the
most heterogeneous character, combining the
good and bad qualities, in greater or less degree,
of nearly all the others. There are certain types
in this group which gather together many varie-
ties, in which the relationship to some one sort
is readily discerned, as the Jules Margottin type.
General Jacqueminot and its progeny, and the
La Reine family ; but there is a vast number of
sorts whose kinship cannot be traced ; this is ow-
ing to the fact that the greater number of varie-
ties have been raised from mixed seed, where no

ROSES IN GENERAL CULTIVATION. 41

record was made of tlie names ; and also that in
many cases, where the seed of different varieties
was sown separately, there has often been a care-
lessness in making such a record, dependence
being placed on the memory alone. So that
many varieties whose parentage is given are
oftentimes not properly traced ; it being made a
matter of conjecture, or left to fallible memory
to recall. The varieties differ greatly in all
their characteristics, and so require somew^hat
different culture and treatment. Those that are
of vigorous growth, as in other classes, need
much less pruning than those of dwarfed habit,
for if cut back too severely they run too much
to wood. There have been hundreds of varie-
ties of this class sent out, and the number of new
sorts somewhat increases each year. Eugene Ver-
dier, of Paris, has been foremost in the dissem-
ination of new sorts, and it will be interesting to
take note of the number of varieties offered by
him, including those of his own raising, for a
few years back. In 1872 he offered for sale 39
new Hybrid Perpetual Eoses, 8 of them his ow^n
seedlings ; in 1873 he offered 45, 10 of them his
own ; in 1874 he offered 46, 10 of them his

42 THE ROSE.

own ; in 1875 he offered 48, 12 of them his
own ; in 1876 he offered 34, 10 of them his
own ; in 1877 he offered 41, 10 of them his
own ; in 1878 he offered 40, 10 of them his
own ; in 1879 he offered 42, 8 of them his own.
There are, of course, several new sorts each year
which M. Yerdier does not get hold of ; including
these it will be seen that there are not less than
45 new Hybrid Perpetual Roses introduced eacli
year ; perhaps one-fifth of them are worth grow-
ing, certainly not more. The rest, either from
being inferior in quality to old-established sorts,
or from too great similarity to them, are ulti-
mately consigned to the rubbish heap. No satis-
factory selection can be made from this innu-
merable class, except as made for some special
end, and having some prominent features in
view. We therefore give special chapters to a
consideration of the best Hybrid Perpetuals for
special purposes, in which the various merits and
peculiarities of different varieties are discussed
at some length.

The Hybrid Tea Rose {Rosa Indica Odorata
Hyhrida) is a new group produced from cross-
ing Teas with Hybrid Perpetuals. This is a class

ROSES IN^ GENERAL CULTIVATION. 43

but yet in an incipient state ; within a few years
it is likely there will be a great number of varie-
ties where now there are but few ; it is also to
be expected that there will be various and dis-
tinct types among them. Indeed among those
we already have, La France, Cheshimt Hybrid,
and Beauty of Staplef ord show almost as mark-
ed variations as could be found among any
Hj^brid Perpetuals. In these three, we have La
France, which, with a perfume peculiar to itself,
is the sweetest of all roses, and equal to any in
the profusion of bloom ; Cheshunt Hybrid, which
shows the Tea blood in its foliage more than in
any other way ; what fragrance it has is more
like that of Alfred Colomb or Prince Camille
than like a Tea ; it seldom shows a flower after
the first of August ; and Beauty of Stapleford,
entirely without scent, but with a decided resem-
blance to the Teas in foliage, appearance of the
flowers, and profusion of bloom. These roses
must prove more hardy than most of the Teas,
but more susceptible to frost and of more deli-
cate constitution than the majority of the Hybrid
Remontants. Certain ones among them, as La
France, Duchess of Connaught, and Viscountess

44 THE ROSE.

Falmouth, combine beautiful flowers with great
profusion of bloom and intense fragrance ; such
are the kinds that give value to the class, and
unless raisers can supply new varieties in the
group which combine these three qualities, they
should be withheld as unfit to send out. Jean
Sisley, Captain Christy, and Beauty of Staple-
ford may have value now, while the group is
yet small, but being devoid of scent are not
varieties to pattern after. Captain Christy occu-
pies a somewhat equivocal position in this class,
being seeded from a Hybrid Perpetual Hose
(Victor Verdier) fertilized by the Tea Safrano,
while all the others are seeded from Tea Roses
fertilized by Hybrid Remontants ; but it seems
eminently proper that at least all direct crosses
between the two classes, no matter whether the
seed parent be Tea or Hybrid Perpetual, should
be grouped with the Hybrid Teas. These roses
are all of moderate growth, and must have close
pruning and be grown in rich soil. Most of
them (ten varieties) were sent out in 1879 by
Mr. Henry Bennett, of Stapleford, England. It
is not yet known how desirable they will be for
out-of-door culture, but for forcing under glass

ROSES IK GENERAL CULTIVATION. 45

a few of Bennett's raising are proving to be of
some value. They seem to produce as many
flowers in the season as do the Bengals, excelling
many of the Teas proper in profusion of bloom.
Beauty of Stapleford and Duchess of Westmin-
ster furnish very pretty rose-colored buds, w^hich
are unfortunately scentless. Duchess of Con-
naught, at a first glance, might readily be mis-
taken for La France, having much the same
shade of color, but the flowers are somewhat
smaller and of rounder form ; it is the only
variety which resembles La France in perfume.
Jean Sisley does not open well in the house, and
is a scentless variety of rather a muddy shade of
color ; w^e do not consider it of value. Nancy
Lee is highly perfumed and gives lovely formed
buds, but it is of very delicate habit. Michael
Saunders and Viscountess Falmouth are two sorts
of considerable substance, highly scented, which
we consider valuable introductions; the latter has
a delightful blending of the perfumes to be found
in the parents President (Tea) and the Moss
Soupert-et-]^fotting, the odor of the Moss pre-
dominating. Duke of Connaught and Hon.
George Bancroft are two dark roses, w^liich will

46 THE ROSE.

be more valuable to the florist, if sufficiently vig-
orous, than all the rest ; the former is the deeper
in shade, but, in spite of its breeding, is without
scent ; the latter, though of lighter color, is highly
perfumed ; both give beautiful buds. Pearl is
a small rose with a distinct Bourbon fragrance, a
good thing for cut flowers. The four new
Hybrid Teas of French origin, Cannes La
Coquette, Mme. Alexandre Bernaix, Mme.
Etienne Levet, and Mdlle. Brigitte Violet, all
promise to be useful sorts. This class of roses,
on account of its novelty and promise of useful-
ness, is now looked upon with more interest than
any other, and will, in a few years, very likely
prove the most popular class, excepting the Hy-
brid Perpetual and Tea.

The Perpetual Moss Rose {Bosa Centifolia
MtcsGOsa) has the same characteristics (and needs
the same treatment) as the Moss Rose already
described, but in addition to the June blossoming
produces flowers during the summer and autumn.
There are but three sorts w^hich we consider
worth growing. Many w^orthless varieties in the
class have been sent out ; if the flowers were of
fair quality, they were so seldom seen after the

ROSES IN GENERAL CULTIVATION. 47

montli of June as to belie their name. Mme.
Edward Ory and Salet both give mossy buds that
are not equal in quality to other Mosses, but give
them at a time of year when the others are not
to be had, and are therefore very useful. Sou-
pert-et-Notting is not encumbered with a super-
fluity of moss, if it is with a name, but we have
here a large rose-colored sort, very full, of fine
form, and a strong delightful perfume that may
keep one sniffing for a long time before he can
go away satisfied. Our eyes may brighten at the
sight of other autumnal roses more beautiful than
this, but there are very few sorts so grateful to
that other important sense — smell. With oh !
and with ah ! and sundry other relevant remarks
we may gloat over this rose, as does the street
Arab inspecting the pies and confections in the
window of a pas try -shop.

The Tea Rose {Rosa Indica Odorata) may
well be taken as a synonym for all that is deli-
cately beautiful. What refinement of color ;
what subdued, yet powerful, fragrance do they
possess ! They are indeed the centre of loveli-
ness ; like fair maids at a reception surrounded
by admiring groups, these lend beauty to the

48 THE ROSE.

others, which may well strive to find a near ap-
proach to their sweet presence, that perchance
they may receive a smile, and borrow beauty,
diffused from their chaste loveliness. There has
always been a warm place in my heart for the
Tea Rose, for, siib rosa^ let me confess it, this
was my first love (I fear no conjugal jealousy
or censure in making this confession) ; a bed of
Tea Roses planted near my father's house first
won me as a devotee to the rose, and by foliage
and flower I learned to distinguish varieties
among them before I even knew the names in
other classes ; I should now as soon think of
doing without roses altogether as not to have a
bed of Teas in my garden.

Several varieties in this group were brought to
England from China, their native place, in the
early part of the century ; among them were the
Blush Tea and Yellow Tea, two varieties from
which most of the sorts now in cultivation have
descended. Both of these kinds are free seed-
bearers, the Yellow Tea more particularly ; it has
beautiful buds of pale yellow, but the habit of
the plant being unhealthy it has now nearly gone
out of cultivation. The old Blush is also no

ROSES i:n^ general cultivation. 49

longer named in most catalogues, but there are
many rosarians still living who cherish it in
affectionate remembrance and recollect it as one
of the most fragrant in the family. Most of the
varieties in this group are very sensitive to any
neglect, and will show very quickly whether they
have met with good or ill treatment ; the soil can
scarcely be made too rich for their reception, but
it must be light, warm, and well drained. If
the place chosen consist of heavy clay soil, a foot
or more must be dug out, carted away, and filled
up with that which is mellow. As most of the
varieties are of but moderate growth, they re-
quire rather close pruning. To protect them
during winter, we advise hilling up earth
about the plants and then spreading over ever-
green branches or loose litter. Care must be ex-
ercised that the plants be not embedded and
packed down with a heavy mass, otherwise decay
and death will ensue ; some air will needs be ad-
mitted ; the plants must be protected but not
smothered.

The Tea class is much more uniform in the
characteristics of the different varieties than are
any of tlie other large groups. In judging of

50 THE ROSE.

their merits we lay less stress on fulness of flower
than on other claims, because that most of those
which have comparatively few petals are very
beautiful in bud, and it is for the buds that Teas
are largely prized. Thus Isabella Sprunt and
Marie Guillot are two roses highly prized, but one
of them is only semi-double, while the other has
so many petals that they do not always unfold
satisfactorily. The flowers vary very greatly in
size as well as in fulness, some of them, like
Canary, Caroline, and Monsieur Furtado, being
quite small, and others being large, as Madame
Bravy, Souvenir d'un Ami, etc.

This has now become such a large division that
it is no easy matter to select out a number of varie-
ties for commendation, but those named below
are at once among the most beautiful, and, at the
same time, of the most healthy hahit — a very im-
portant feature to be considered.

Bon Silene, Isabella Sprunt, and Safrano are to
be chosen for their buds only ; Mme. Falcot, a
seedling of Safrano, has fuller flowers of nearly
the same shade, but they are not so freely pro-
duced and the habit of the plant is more feeble.
The following are fine in both bud and flower :

ROSES IN GENERAL CULTIVATION. 51

Bougere, Catherine Mermet, Comtesse Riza du
Pare, Gerard Desbois, Homer, Jean Duclier,
Jean Pernet, Madame Bravy, Madame de Yatry,
Madame Lambard, Madame Welche, Marie
Diicher, Marie Van Iloutte, Monsieur Furtado,
Niphetos (a poor grower), Perle des Jardins,
Rubens, Sombreuil, Souvenir d'un Ami, Tri-
omphe de Luxembourg. Among these Niphetos
is the only one of bad growth, but it is so much
the finest of the white Teas, that it should find a
place in every collection of any size. Full de-
scriptions of all these sorts will be found else-
where.

CHAPTEE III.

TECHNICAL TEEMS.

The rosarian and tlie hasty reader are invited
to pass by this chapter, but if, unversed in rose-
lore, any reader become interested in the subject,
there will be found many terms, mostly botanical,
which require some explanation, as presented
herewith, and to which they may be glad to
refer.

Anther. A rounded knob at the summit of the
filament ; a portion of the stamen which
contains the pollen or fecundating matter of
the flower.
Armed. Provided with thorns or prickles.
Calyx. An envelope which holds the other parts
of the flower ; it consists of narrow green
leaves or sepals of a pithy texture ; these
sepals generally cohere by their edges.
Callus. A swelling which occurs at the base
of a cutting previous to the formation of
roots.

TECHNICAL TERMS. 53'

Corymb. Flower stalks produced along a com-
mon stalk which rise so as to form a level
top.

Disbudded. Deprived of flower buds. Flower
buds are pinched or cut away, in order that
those remaining will attain greater perfec-
tion.

Eye. The stamen and pistils of a flower. Some-
times this term is used synonymously with
bud.

Filament. The thread-like part of the stamen
which supports the anther.

Hip or Hep. The fruit or seed pod.

Hybrid. A cross, which is the product of a
mixture of two different species.

Leaflet. One of the divisions of the compound
leaf with which all roses are furnished ; these
are attached to the j)etiole by minor foot
stalks.

Maiden Plant. That which blooms for the first
time after budding or grafting.

Ovary. The hollow portion at the base of a pis-
til containing the ovules or bodies destined
to become seeds.

Panicle. A cluster of flowers irregularly pro-

54 THE ROSE.

duced from a main stem, or peduncles vari-
ously divided.

Peduncle. The stalk upon which the flower is
borne.

Petal. A leaf of the flower.

Petiole. The stalk to which are attached the
several leaflets.

Pistil. The columnar seed-bearing organ in the
centre of a flower ; sometimes there are
several in one flower ; it consists of one or
more styles, one or more stigmas and the
ovary.

Pollen. The fecundating powdery substance
found in the anthers.

Remontant. As applied to roses that which
flowers the second time. From the French
verb to remount.

Sepals. Those leaves which form the calyx.

Sport. A shoot or sucker from a plant which
shows either in foliage, flower, vigor of
growth, or in all of them, some peculiar fea-
ture or features, distinct from the rest of the
plant.

Stamens. The male organs of fructification in a
flower, surrounding the pistil.

TECHNICAL TERMS. 55

Stigma. The top portion of the pistil which

receives the pollen and connects with the

ovary by a tube through the centre of the

style.
Style. The erect column, sometimes several

combined in one, which connects the stigma

with the ovary.
Sucker. A branch or shoot which proceeds from

the root, or stem of the plant, just below

the surface.

CHAPTEE lY.
posiTio]^ jmstd soil.

The first requisite in the culture of roses is
the selection and preparation of a suitable place
for planting. This is very important, as all that
follows depends upon the care used in this first
step.

To begin with, then, choose the best place you
have in the garden, a place where you can offer
sufficient protection by means of hedges or board
fences from bleak sweeping winds. When
fences are used, their general ugliness can be
most appropriately clothed by roses themselves.
A warm, sunny position is also requisite ; if so
situated that there is an exposure to the morning
sun, and the hot rays during the afternoon are in
part or wholly shaded, all the better, but a cer-
tain amount of sunlight is as essential to a rose's
welfare as to our own, though many of us do not
show our appreciation of the blessings of sunlight
as gratefully as do our roses. Besides scattering

POSITION AND SOIL. 57

them tlirougli our gardens, roses may be made
very effective planted in borders about our lawns,
either individually or in grouj)s, and also planted
in beds on the lawn.

Thoughtlessness often leads people to plant
roses imder the shadow of overhanging buildings,
or close to large deep-rooted trees ; and then
there is inquiry and wonderment why the plants
are always covered with mildew ? and why they
do not blossom and grow as those in a neighbor's
yard, where there are always beautiful roses to
be seen ? There is much more in common, or
should be, between animal and plant life, than is
practically acknowledged by most of those who
strive to grow roses. Both demand for their
perfect development a sufficiency of nourishing
food and drink, a pure atmosphere, a tempera-
ture as equable as possible, and thorough cleanli-
ness. Let every one who plants roses bear this
in mind and w^e shall find a wonderful improve-
ment in the quality and quantity of the flowers.

'^ Some having heard that a free circulation of
air and abundance of sunshine are essential ele-
ments of success, select a spot which woiild be
excellent for a windmill, observatory, beacon, or

58 THE ROSE.

Martello tower ; and there the poor rose-trees
stand J or, more accurately speaking, wobble,
with their leaves, like King Lear's silver locks,
rudely blown and drenched by the to-and-fro
contending wind and rain.

" Others, who have been told that the rose loves
shelter, peace, repose, have found ' such a dear
snug little spot,' not only surrounded by dense
evergreen shrubs, but overshadowed by giant
trees. Kest is there assuredly- — rest for the rose,
when its harassed life is past, when it has nothing
more for disease to j)rey upon, no buds for the
caterpillar, no foliage for the aphis — the rest of
a mausoleum ! I was taken not long ago to a
cemetery of this description, which had been re-
cently laid out ; and there was such a confident
expectation of praise in the pretty face of the
lady who took me, that I was sorely j)uzzled how
to express my feelings. I wished to be kind, I
wished to be truthful ; and the result was some
such a dubious compliment as the Sultan paid to
the French pianist. The Frenchman, you may
remember, was a muscular artist^ more remark-
able for power than pathos ; and he went at the
instrument and shook and worried it as a terrier

POSITION AND SOIL. 89

goes in at rats. His exertions were sudorific ;
and when lie finished the struggle, with beads on
his brow, the Sultan told him, ' that although
he had heard the most renowned performers of
the age he had never met one who — perspired so
freely !' Nor could I, with my heart as full of
charity's milk as a Cheshire dairy of the cow's,
think of any higher praise of the plot before me
than that it was an admirable place for ferns ;
and therefore, when my commentary was received
with an expressive smile of genteel disgust, as
though I had suggested that the allotment in
question was the site of all others for a jail, or
had said, as Carlyle said of the Eoyal Garden at
Potsdam, that ' it was one of the finest fog-pre-
serves in Europe,' then, without further pre vari-
cation, I told the truth. And the truth is, that
this boundless contiguity of shade is fatal, and
every overhanging tree is fatal as an upas-tree to
the rose. The rose in close proximity to a for-
est-tree can never hope to thrive. In a two-
fold sense it takes umbrage ; robbed above and
robbed below, robbed by branches of sunshine and
by roots of soil, it sickens, droops, and dies." ^

* **A Book about Roses,"

60 THE ROSE.

In connection with a choice of location, we
must see that roses are provided with a proper
soil. They will do well in any ordinary garden
soil that is free from standing water and well
drained. When there is too much clay, the soil
can be made sufficiently friable by the application
of wood and coal ashes, lime, burnt earth, etc.
When, on the other hand, a soil is sandy or too
light, we need to bring clay, muck, leaf mould,
etc., to obtain sufficient body. This soil must,
of course, be thoroughly manured and worked ;
frequent spading will do a great deal toward
lessening the stiffness of a heavy soil. On no
account attempt to make roses grow in a wet
spot ; if there be such a place which it is desired
to use, let the soil be thoroughly drained by
sinking tiles to a depth of four feet, or provide
in some other way for carrying off the w^ater.
Where it is impossible to find a position capable
of being drained by tiles from the ground being
too flat, the soil may be removed to a depth of a
few feet, and stones, bricks, debris of any kind,
thrown in ; but whenever the water can be car-
ried oflf in tiles it is better to do so.

CHAPTER Y.

PLANTIKG AND PRUNING.

Roses that have been grown out of pots
should, if possible, be planted while in a dormant
condition ; for, if removed for transplanting
while the sap is flowing freely, and the plant is
in vigorous growling condition, there occurs too
great a shock, one from which the plant does not
easily recover. All roses, therefore, taken from
the open ground should be planted during the
autumn or spring ; the more hardy kinds, such as
the summer roses, most of the Hybrid Perpetuals,
and possibly some of the Bourbons, may prefer-
ably be planted in the autumn ; the more tender
sorts in the spring. Plants that have been prop-
agated from cuttings, or layers (on own roots),
should be set, as nearly as possible, as they were
grown in the nursery. Budded or grafted
plants should be set so that the junction of the
bud or graft is about two inches beneath the sur-
face of the soil. Planted in this way there is

62 THE HOSE.

much less liability of suckers from the stock be-
ing put forth, and opportunity is afforded for the
plant to put forth roots from the bud or graft ;
this often takes place, so that ultimately the
plant is virtually on its own roots. Eoses that
are pot- grown can be planted at any time from
April till October, but if set out during the heat
of summer special care must be given in water-
ing, etc. Respecting the sized plants which
should be set out, we earnestly advise all those
wdio can obtain them to put out plants of one or
two years' growth that have made a free but not
excessive growth, with well-ripened w^ood ; these
can be obtained at most of the large reliable
nurseries. Many florists do a large and exclusive
business in sending by mail small plants, cuttings
of a few weeks' growth ; this is all very well, to
give opportunity to many people to obtain plants,
which could not, owing to the lack of express or
railroad facilities, be forwarded in any other
w^ay ; but these bantlings often require much
care and tender nursing, and are seldom of any
account until the second year from planting, for
in order to promote their growth the flower buds
should be kept cut off during the first year — if

PLANTING AND PRUNING. 63

allowed to produce any, they are not only not of
first quality, but enfeeble the plant ; whereas
older plants, carefully grown, will give effective
results the first year. Some nurserymen make a
practice of cutting away all the flower buds from
free blooming varieties, which form on the young
plants during the first year's growth ; this prac-
tice is highly to be commended ; such plants are
far more valuable to the purchaser than those not
so treated. Quality should always be preferred
to quantity ; this is true whether respecting the
plants or the flowers of roses, and one good two-
year plant is worth more than six of the suck-
lings often sent by mail — poor, weak infants,
which never should have been sent from the
nursery — just as one good bloom of Marie Bau-
mann, or Alfred Colomb, is worth half a dozen
of Pius the IX. or Triomphe de T Exposition.

Care must be exercised that the soil about the
plant be well pulverized and no hard lumps
allowed to remain in contact with the roots ;
after that the plants are set out, he sure that they
are firmly pressed in with the feet or hands; plants
that are loosely stuck in the ground can never do
well. Another prominent thing to bear in mind

64 THE ROSE.

is : never allow the plants to He exposed to the
wind and sun, keep them covered until ready to
plant. The distance apart is somewhat regulated
by the vigor of growth ; the strongest growers
should be put about three feet apart ; for those of
weaker habit, one or two feet would suffice. In
planting beds, if of more than one variety, the
strongest sort should be in the centre and those
of the weakest habit on the outside. It is almost
unnecessary to say, that no planting should be
attempted if the ground be very wet, or very dry,
as during a summer drought ; and that very late in
the season, whether autumn or spring, is not a
good time to set out roses ; few things suffer so
much from late spring planting as do roses ; if
the buds have pushed forth, it is generally time
and money thrown away to set out plants, other
than those pot-grown. The reason pot-grown
plants can be used after the others is that the soil
in which they are grown can be retained when
the roses are removed from the pots, and the
plants continue to grow without check. Pot-
grown roses must not be immediately exposed to
the rays of a hot sun ; if planted out they should
receive some shade for a few days, and be carefully

PLANTIXG AND PRL'NIXG. 65

watered. Water must not be applied during the
heat of the day, but in the morning or evening.
The pruning of roses is one of the most im-
portant features connected with their culture,
but no directions that can be given will prevent
some mistakes from being made. It is practical
experience alone that will enable one to deter-
mine just what is to be done in each individual
case, and just how to do it ; but the general
principles that should govern can be easily stated
and comprehended. I would recommend the
operator to procure what is known as a pruning-
knife, having a hooked blade, and also a secateur,
or pair of pruning-shears ; the latter is better for
cutting away shoots from the centre of a bushy
plant and is the quickest and most easy to handle,
but where a very smooth cut is desired, the prun-
ing-knife will be found most effective ; it is also
less likely to bruise the bark. All roses that come
from the open ground should be pruned before
planting, or immediately after. Many persons
who are careless, or not informed, set out the
plants just as they come from the nurseries ; un-
der such circumstances the plants cannot thrive,
the sap has too many buds to nourish and a weak

66 THE ROSE.

growth ensues. The shock from transplanting
must be met bj a shortening of both shoots and
roots ; the shoots being shortened the number
of buds to draw upon the sap is reduced and a
more vigorous growth follows. Not only should
all bruised roots be pruned, cutting away to the
sound part, but also all those large ones that are
uninjured, for by this they are induced to put
forth small roots of fibrous nature, which are of
great assistance in promoting health and vigor
of plant.

The cut made in pruning should be as nearly
horizontal as possible, so that there shall be but
a slight exposure of wounded surface ; it is gener-
ally preferable to cut from the inside, and to
see that the top bud which is left points out-
ward. If the plants bleed after the operation
the surface of the cut should be smeared over
with wax or other substance ; often a coating of
mud will answer. Roses are pruned both early in
the spring and in the autumn ; we prefer the
former season, but w^hen done then, care must
be had not to put it off too late, for if not attend-
ed to early, the sap will have pushed toward the
upper buds, and when pruned there will be

PLANTING AND PRUNING. 67

bleeding or exuding of the sap. Tlie pruning
should therefore take place while the plants are
dormant, and before the saj) begins to flow.
The chief objects to be held in view in pruning
are the formation of a symmetrical plant, and to
promote the formation of bloom buds. To
secure these the following general rule must be
observed : Plants of delicate habit and weak
growth require severe "pruning '^ those that are
vigorous in growth shoidd have the shoots only
moderately shortened^ hut the branches well
thinned out. If varieties of vigorous habit are
closely pruned, a great growth ensues and very
few flowers ; hence it is of the utmost importance
to know the character of the variety that is to
be operated on. Besides pruning the plants in
March, a summer pruning is desirable with many
varieties of Hybrid Perpetuals, so soon as the
June blossoming is over, in order to induce the
formation of flower buds later in the season.

CHAPTEK YL

MANURES.

We trust that impatient readers will not pass
by this chapter with turned-up nose and a sniflE
of disdain, for the subject is an important, albeit
an unpleasant one, to handle. We shall make it
short, if not sweet.

Manure, if new, should never be applied so as
to come in contact with the roots, but may be
spread on the surface of the earth as a mulch ;
this is often done with advantage in the autumn,
digging it in in the following spring. Manure
which is to be dug in about the plants must be
decomposed, and may be advantageously mixed
with a compost of good turfy loam and spent
hops ; all animal manure is useful for roses, par-
ticularly droppings of the cow, pig, and sheep ;
these mixed with a compost as named form the
best fertilizers that can be used. Besides these,
the cleanings from the poultry house, night soil,
goot, bone-dust, and guano will all be found ex-

MANURES. 69

cellent, but nothing I believe is better than a
mixture — one-third each — of cow-dung, rotted
hops, and turfy loam. Horse-dung is much bet-
ter for heavy soils than for light, and cow-manure
does not do so well for soils inclining to be wet.
In the hot, dry weather, which we often have in
summer, a good watering of liquid manure will
be of very great benefit to the plants, more espe-
cially during the time of the formation of flower
buds. '' The happy rosarian who has a farm-
yard of his own will, of course, have a large
covered tank therein, for the reception and pres-
ervation of liquid manure. At all times, of
drought especially, this will be more precious as
a restorative and tonic to his roses than the waters
of Kissingen, Vichy, or Harrowgate to his invalid
fellow-men. Only let him remember this rule of
application — weak and oft rather than strong
and seldom. I bought my own experience
by destroying with too potent potations — for-
getting that infants don't drink brandy neat —
the delicate fibrous rootlets of some 1)eautifal
rose-trees on the Manetti stock. ""^ Night soil
would be found a most valuable manure, if peo-

* S, R. Hole.

70 THE ROSE.

pie would only riglitly prepare and use it, but
each rosarian points to the other and wonders
why no one is found to make use of this valuable
commodity which now goes to waste, but no one
takes hold. '' The Romans reverenced Cloacina,
the goddess of the sewers, and the statue which
they found of her in the great drains of Tarquin-
ius was beautiful as Venus's self ; but they
honored her, doubtless, only as a wise sanitary
commissioner who removed their impurities, and,
so doing, brought health to their heroes and love-
liness to their maidens. They only knew half
her merits ; but in Olympus, we may readily be-
lieve, there was fuller justice done. Although
weaker goddesses may have been unkind — may
have averted their divine noses when Cloacina
passed, and made ostentatious use of scent-bottle
and pocket-handkerchief — Flora, and Pomona,
and Ceres would ever admire her virtues, and
beseech her benign influence upon the garden,
the orchard, and the farm. But the terrestrials
never thought ilmt/oex urbis might be hix orhis^
and they polluted their rivers, as we ours, with
that which should have fertilized their lands.
And we blame the Romans very much indeed ;

MANURES. 71

and we blame everybody else very tniicli indeed ;
and we do hope the time will soon be here when
snch a sinful waste \vill no longer disgrace an
enlightened age ; but beyond the contribution of
this occasional homily, it is, of course, no affair
of ours. Each man assures his neighbor that the
process of desiccation is quite easy, and the art
of deodorizing almost nice ; but nobody ' goes
in.' The reader, I have no doubt, has with me
had large experience of this perversity in neigh-
bors, and ofttimes has been perplexed and pained
by their dogged strange reluctance to follow the
very best advice. There was at Cambridge,
some thirty years ago, an insolent, foul-mouthed,
pugnacious sweep, who escaped for two terms
the sublime licking which he ' annexed ' finally,
because no one liked to tackle the soot. There
were scores of undergraduates to whom pugilism
was a thing of beauty and a joy forever, who
had the power and the desire to punish his im-
pudence, but they thought of the close wrestle
— they reflected on the ' hug,' and left him. To
drop metaphor, there is no more valuable manure;
but it is, from circumstances which require no
explanation, more suitable for the farm than the

72 THE ROSE.

garden, especially as we have a substitute (farm-
yard manure) quite as efficacious, and far more
convenient and agreeable in use." ^

A Book about Roses," S. Reynolds Hole.

CHAPTER YII.

INSECTS AJS^D DISEASES.

« No one can be more profoundly impressed
with the curse entailed on Adam and his de-
scendants than the reverent rosarian ; for all
that is hostile and bad, animate and inanimate,
seem to combine in greater degree to prevent the
successful cultivation of the rose than is the
case with any other well-known flower.- Few
things, for example, can be more effective in
their season than a massive bed of pseonies ;
they have all the shades of the rose, are more
hardy, and know nothing of mildew or the rav-
ages of insect enemies ; but they are almost en-
tirely neglected — very unjustly too — that proper
attention may be given to our roses, which need
constant care and attention to make their culture
profitable. The price to be paid for beautiful
roses is eternal vigilance inspired by reverent
love. *''Hewho would have beautiful roses in
his garden must have beautiful roses in his heart

74 THE ROSE.

He must love them well and always." A genu-
ine lover of roses is not discouraged by the
knowledge of the difficulties that attend the cul-
ture of his favorites, the rather is he incited to
succeed in spite of all obstacles and drawbacks,
knowing that as faint heart never won fair lady,
he cannot expect the smiles of Marie Baumann,
or Marie Van Houtte, unless he thoroughly cul-
tivate the acquaintance of these beauties, and
wait upon them with more attention and deeper
concern than Avould the gallant of the ball-room
upon the attendant belles.

The following are the chief foes with which
the rose has to contend :

The Aphis {Aphis Bosce)^ or Green Fly, is
well known by all who have grown roses. It is a
small green louse, about one eighth incli in length
when fully grown, usually wingless. Their bodies
are oval and soft, they secrete a sweet fluid, of
which ants are very fond. The presence of ants
on roses is good evidence, did we require it, that
the Aphis are at work. They are very prolific
in breeding ; Reaumur estimates that one indi-
vidual in live generations may become the pro-
genitor of nearly six thousand millions of do-

INSECTS AND DISEASES. .75

scendants. Through their slender beak thej
suck the juices of the plant, always working at
the tender shoots, and in a short time will, if
unmolested, destroy the vigor or vitality of
any rose they infest. Much the best destruc-
tive agent to use against them is tobacco smoke ;
when this cannot be applied, a liquid solution,
made from tobacco stems or leaves, or from
quassia, will be found an efficient method of
working their destruction. ^ Take four ounces
of quassia chips, or tobacco stems, and boil
them about ten minutes in a gallon of soft
water ; strain oflf the chips, and add four ounces
of soft soap, which should be dissolved in it as it
cools, stirring well before using. It may be
applied by dipping a whisk broom in the mixture
and sprinkling all shoots that are infested.
Whale-oil soap, dissolved in water, is also a use-
ful remedy. <-

Mildew. — This is a fungous disease often
caused by great and sudden atmospheric changes,
and by a long continuance of damp, cloudy
weather. The best proved remedies are sulphur
and soot ; one of these should be applied the
moment the disease makes its appearance ; the

76 THE ROSE.

plants should be sprinkled with water so that the
substance applied will adhere, or else let it be
put on early in the morning while the dew is yet
on the plants. Some localities are much more
subject to visitations of this disease than others,
and in such places care should be taken not to
plant varieties that are known to be specially lia-
ble to mildew. As it is contagious, spreading
from one plant to another, we should advise the
destruction of such sorts as belonsr to the Giant
of Battles type (see chapter on Typical Roses) ;
better it is to sacrifice a few kinds than that all
should be disfigured with this annoying fungus.
Generally, mildew makes its appearance in the
autumn, when the nights grow cool ; at this sea-
son it works but little harm and may be disre-
garded, since the plants have made their growth
and the wood is nearly, or quite, ripe.

The Red Spider is a most destructive little
insect, which generally commits its ravages in the
greenhouse ; they only make their appearance
when favored by a hot, dry atmosphere. These
insects are very small, scarcely distinguishable
by the eye, if isolated ; they are of a dark, red-
dish-brown color, found on the under sides of

INSECTS AND DISEASES. 77

the leaves. They cause the foliage to assume a
yellow tinge, and will soon make sickly the plant
they infest, t A few applications of whale-oil
soap dissolved in warm soft water will often
destroy them ; this can be applied with a syringe,
taking care to throw the water upward to reach
the leaves affected late in the afternoon, and
then washed off with pure water the following
morning. ? This insect does not attack plants that
are syringed with water daily, and all plants
grown under glass, not in flower, should be
sprayed regularly. When a house that has been
infested Avitli Red Spider can be emptied of the
plants, it is well to burn sulphur on charcoal em-
bers ; the fumes from the sulphur are fatal to
nearly all insect life, and a house can by this
means be soon freed from this insect ; as burn-
ing sulphur is also destructive to plant life, this
process can only be used in emptied houses, un-
less only a slight quantity be used at a time.

EosE Hopper, or Thrip {Tettigonia Bosce^ of
Harris). — This is perhaps the most troublesome
pest with which the rose is afflicted in the open
air. It is a small, yellowish-white insect, about
three-twentieths of an inch long, with transpar-

78 THE ROSE.

ent wings. Like the Red Spider, they prey
upon the leaves, working on the under side ; they
seem to go in swarms and are very destructive to
the plant, soon causing the foliage to assume a
sickly, yellow appearance. As they jump and
fly from one place to another, their destruction
is less easy to accomplish than is the case with
other enemies. We have found syringing the
plants with pure water, so as to wet the lower
side of the leaves, and then dusting on pow-
dered white hellebore, will destroy or disperse
them. Another remedy, nearly or quite as
good, is a solution of whale-oil soap, Avhich must
also be applied so as to reach the leaves from
beneath.

Rose Caterpillar, or Leaf-Eoller. — There
are several kinds of caterpillars, belonging to an
order called Lepidoptera, which prey upon the
rose. They are the young of moths or butter-
flies, varying from one-half inch to three-quarter
inch in length ; some of these are green and
yellow, others brown ; they all enveloj) them-
selves in the leaves or burrow in the flower
buds. Powdered hellebore sprinkled over the
plants will prevent in a large measure their mov-

INSECTS A2^D DISEASES. 79

c

ing over the plants, but the only method of kill-
ing them, which is really effectual, is by crush-
ing between finger and thumb. This crushing
j)rocess may not be considered an agreeable pas-
time, but it must be done, and fastidious people
can either delegate the work to others, or go
armed, not cap a jpie^ but with gloved hands, and
perform the work themselves.^ It is time to look
out for these marauders when the buds are
formed and begin to show signs of plumpness.

Rose Chafer, or Kose Buo. — This (the
Melolontha subspinosa^ of Fabricius) is a brown
beetle, a little less than one-half inch in length,
wdiich comes from the ground about the second
week in June, or when the Damask Rose is in
blossom. Many localities are never troubled with
this pest ; where it does appear, it is never alone,
but in swarms ; the insects attack the flowers in
preference to the foliage, and seem to be more
fond of white and light-colored flowers than of
those which are dark. In a very short time they
entirely disfigure and greatly injure the plant
which they attack ; an application of Paris green
dusted over the plants is very destructive to
them, but being so dangerous a po'ison, we

80 THE ROSE.

recommend liand-picking and burning of the
bugs in preference. The apphcation of tobacco-
water, whale-oil soap, etc. , is useless, for in order
to have any effect upon the bugs the solution
would have to be made so strong that it would
work injury to the plants.

Rose Slug. — These slugs are the larva of a
saw-fly, called by Harris Telandria Rosoe^ an
insect about the size of a common house-fly,
which comes out of the ground during May and
June. The female flies puncture the leaves in
different places, depositing their eggs in each in-
cision made ; these eggs hatch in twelve or fif-
teen days after that they are laid. The slugs at
once commence to eat the leaves, and soon make
great inroads upon the foliage, if not checked.
They are about one-half inch long when fully
grown, of a green color, and feed upon the upper
portion of the foliage. The best remedies are
powdered white hellebore, or a solution of whale-
oil soap.

WnriE Grub. — These grubs are the young of
those buzzing, sticky abominations known as
May-bugs. The beetles are thus described by
Harris : ^^ During the month of May, they come

INSECTS AND DISEASES. 81

forth from the ground, wlience they have re-
ceived the name of May-bugs or May-beetles.
They pass tlie greater part of the day upon trees,
ch'nging to the under sides of the leaves in a state
of repose. As soon as evening apj)roaehes, they
begin to buzz about among the branches, and
continue on the wing till toward midnight. In
their droning flight they move very irregularly,
darting hither and thither with an uncertain aim,
hitting against objects in their way with a force
that often causes them to fall to the ground.
They frequently enter houses in the night, ap-
parently attracted as well as dazzled and bewil-
dered by the lights. Their vagaries, in which,
without having the power to harm, they seem to
threaten an attack, have caused them to be called
dors, that is, darers ; while their seeming blind-
ness and stupidity have become proverbial in the
expressions ' blind as a beetle' and ' beetle-head-
ed.' After the sexes have paired the males per-
ish, and the females enter the earth to the depth
of six inches or more, making their way by means
of the strong teeth which arm the forelegs ; here
they deposit their eggs. . . . From the eggs
are hatched, in the space of fourteen days, little

82 THE ROSE.

whitish grubs, each provided with six legs near
the head, and a month furnished with strong
jaws. When in a state of rest, these grubs usu-
ally curl themselves in the shape of a crescent."
These annoying pests live in the earth for three
years, feeding on the roots of roses and other
plants, and give no sign of their presence till the
plant on which they feed commences to wither
or turn sickly. * So soon as evidence is given of
their ravages, the plant should at once be dug
around and search made for the grub, that his
destruction may save other plants from death.'
The grub is more fond of the roots of strawber-
ries than of any other food, and if these berries
are grown alongside of roses a careful lookout
must be had. It is a fortunate thing that the
grub does not confine himself to a rose-diet, else
would the culture of our favorite flower often
be conducted with more plague than pleasure or
profit.

There are other insect enemies of the rose be-
sides those we have named, but they seldom do
any great damage, and we think our readers are
ready to cry, enough of bugs. "We have given a
list of remedies for controlling the ravages of

INSECTS AND DISEASES. 83

the various pests which worry the rose, but it is
with our roses as with ourselves, prevention is
always better than cure. A pure atmosphere,
cleanliness, by the free use of w^ater, etc., heal-
thy food, not necessarily that which is most
nutritious, but that which can with certainty be
assimilated or digested, are requirements com-
mon to our own lives and those of our roses, if
they are to be healthy ones. A w^atchful care,
with systematic attention to w^atering, syringing,
etc., will often keep away insect enemies that
would otherwise surely come to torment us.
Many gardens in the suburbs of cities are
supplied with water conducted from the mains
of the water works in pipes ; those who have
such a supply of water in their grounds wnll find
it an easy matter frequently to spray all the
plants both from beneath and above. The fre-
quent and vigorous application of water is as
hateful to the insects described as it is to fight-
ing cats, and every one who grows roses (or cats)
should be provided with that most useful instru-
ment the garden syringe , it is a most valuable
weapon of defence or of offence, whether used
in keeping off the Eose Hopper or in dispersing

84 THE KOSE.

the caterwauling midnight marauders that may
come within range.

There are some insects which entomologists
claim to be useful, as destroying those which are
noxious ; such are the larvse of the Garden
Beetle, Rose Beetle, Ladybird and others, which
feed upon Aphis and caterpillars. I know
nothing of the truth of this from personal obser-
vation, and do not see how their aid can be con-
sidered of any great value, since the solutions,
etc., which are necessary to apply when noxious
insects make their appearance, would be pretty
certain to destroy friend and foe alike. I have
much more confidence in the help to be obtained
from the despised toad, and some of the birds,
especially the ground-bird and sparrow ; the toad
will devour many of the worms and caterpillars,
the birds will destroy not only these, but also the
insects which infest the plants. The aid of the
birds might be enlisted by daily scattering a few
crumbs among the plants ; when they have con-
sumed the crumbs they will naturally turn. their
attention to the insects at hand, and thus repay
their benefactors.

CHAPTER YIII.

PROPAGATION^.

There are four methods used in propagating
roses — by cuttings, by budding, by grafting, by
layering ; in importance tliey rank in the order
named, and in this order we will briefly consider
them.

Although the principles which govern the art
of propagation are the same the world over, it
will be found that rosarians differ widely in
working out details ; thus, in the production of
roses from cuttings, we, in America, are as much
more successful than our European brethren as
they excel us in the production of budded and
grafted plants.

By Cuttings. — There is no doubt but that
plants grown from cuttings are the most useful
for general purposes, and the greater number of
our choice varieties can be grown in this way
without difficulty ; but there are some beautiful
kinds, like Baroness Rothschild, which root with

86 THE ROSE.

great difficulty ; these sorts can only be profitably
grown by budding or grafting. Cuttings can be
made at any time of the year. The old ideas
that the wood "inust be cut at a joint or with a
heel, and that it is essential they should be
placed in bottom heat, have been thoroughly ex-
ploded. The most successful propagation by
cuttings, for the largest number of kinds, is made
during the late winter months from strong plants
one or two years old that have been grown in
open ground, potted in the month of November;
or from plants which have been grown in pots
for one year, or planted out under glass. Cut-
tings of all kinds which root freely, like General
Jacqueminot, Victor Verdier, etc., can be made
from one eye only, and cut between the joints
just as well as after the old fashion of cutting to
a heel, and with three or more eyes— an unneces-
sary and wasteful process. All of the large com-
mercial establishments in this country do most of
their rose propagation in the months of January,
February, and March ; the cuttings are made to
one eye and dibbled m beds of sand, or in some
cases are placed in pots of sand and these pots
plunged in beds of sand ; underneath the staging

PROPAGATIOX. 87

which supports the cuttings run hot-water pipes
or flues ; these are commonly boarded-in to secure
bottom heat, and this I believe to be the best
method. Some rose-growers make no attempt at
confining the pipes or flues, and produce excel-
lent plants without resorting to bottom heat, but
it is a slower process, and there is a somewhat
great percentage of cuttings which fail to root.
Advocates of this system claim that they secure
healthier, stronger plants in the end than they
would by the use of bottom heat. There is no
doubt that plants propagated in a closely confined
house in a high temperature are apt to turn out
of weak constitution, but we believe the best re-
sults follow where plants are propagated in a
bed at a temperature of about YO degrees, with
the temperature of the house a few degrees
less. However, these matters concern nursery-
men and florists more than amateurs, for this
class does not care to put in operation anything
that requires much expense. When but few cut-
tings are desired they can be placed in pots and
will take root in four or flve weeks after inser-
tion, grown in any ordinary conservatory or
greenhouse. After the cuttings have taken root

88 THE ROSE,

they sliould be potted in pots not exceeding two
and a half inches in diameter. Certain kinds of
roses take root without difficulty, others are so
stubborn that the amateur would do well not to
attempt their propagation until he has proved
himself an adept in growing the others. The
sorts most difficult to root are the various varie-
ties of Moss, most of the summer roses, and cer-
tain varieties of Hybrid Remontants belonging
to the Jules Margottin, Baronne Prevost, and
Baroness Rothschild families. (See chapter on
Typical Roses.) All of the Tea and Monthly
Roses, with very few exceptions, root and grow
freely from cuttings.

Besides using green wood, some propagators
make cuttings from hard wood — that is, shoots
thoroughly ripened, taken in the autumn. Man-
etti cuttings are always made from w^ood taken
in autumn, and the various varieties of Prairie
Roses are often grown in this w^ay. In some
establishments large quantities of cuttings are
made during the summer months and grown in
hotbeds ; the plants produced are salable in the
autumn and are largely used by florists. In
selecting stock plants from which to propagate,

PROPAGATION.

care sliould be had tliat only those be chosen
wliich are vigorous and healthy, otherwise a sick-
ly or weak progeny will result.

By Budding. — This is an important method,
second only to propagation by cuttings.

The chief disadvantages are these : first, it is
more expensive. The stocks are to be jDurchased
and cared for (they cannot often be profitably
grown in our hot climate), and it will be found
that the labor of budding, suckering, cutting back
stocks, etc., will make the operation far more
costly than growing plants from cuttings. Bud-
ded plants are not desirable for inexperienced
amateurs, since novices do not detect the suckers
which, not infrequently, come up from the roots
and if not cut away ultimately choke the plant.
A third objection is found in the fact that bud-
ded jjlants are more frequently killed by severe
winters than plants on own roots.

On the other hand, by budding we are enabled
to grow varieties which are so difficult to root
from cuttings, that their propagation would be dis-
continued by all large rose-growers were it not for
:this method. Varieties like Baroness Kothschild,
Mabel Morrison, Marquise de Castellane, Madame

90 THE HOSE.

Boll, Marguerite de St. Amande, etc., are as yet
almost indispensable, but no nurseryman would
long grow tliem from cuttings. There is another
class of roses often advantageously grown by
budding, these are varieties of moderate growth
like A. K. Williams, Horace Yernet, Madame
Yictor Verdier, Mademoiselle Eugenie Yerdier,
Marie Baumann, Xavier Olibo, etc. All these
kinds are invigorated by being worked on some
strong stock, like the Manetti. A third advan-
tage of budded roses is for use as stock plants, and
also for forcing. Budded plants of many kinds
(not the Jacqueminot type) can be taken up in
October or ISTovember, and with ordinary treat-
ment will give as fine a crop of flowers as plants
of the same varieties which have been grown all
summer in pots at much more expense and labor.
I M'Ould not advise any reader to purchase
budded roses who cannot tell, by the wood, the
difference between Persian Yellow and General
Jacqueminot, between Marie Baumann and Salet
— indeed amateurs who cannot do this do not
deserve to have roses at all, for they would not
be able to distinguish between the shoots of the
Manetti suckers and their Louis Yan Houtte or

PROPAGATION. 91

Victor Verdier (altliougli the Manetti is most
distinct from all other roses).

Many kinds of stocks have been tried on which
to bud roses, as the Brier, the Grifferaie, etc.,
but for general use in this country we very
greatly prefer the Manetti. The stocks are
planted in nursery rows about three feet between
the rows, and six or eight inches apart ; in July
and August the buds are inserted ; the lower the
buds can be put in the better, as the liability to
send up suckers is thereby greatly diminished,
and opportunity is also aflforded the plant of be-
ing ultimately established on its own roots.

Propagation by Grafting. — This is a profit-
able mode to pursue when done in winter under
glass, using plants of Manetti or Brier grown in
pots for the purpose. Grafting roses on the
root cannot be made profitable, as such a large
percentage fail to grow. Stock grafting is car-
ried on in England and elsewhere with great
success, and although the plants are not so desir-
able (owing to the graft being of necessity some
distance above the roots) as those propagated by
the other methods, it affords nurserynnen an op-
.portunity of more quickly securing a stock of

9% THE ROSE.

new sorts, and also is advantageous as an aid in
producing more vigorous plants of such varieties
as Niphetos, than can possibly be obtained from
cuttings.

Propagation by Layering was once practised
to considerable extent, but it is a slow method,
and is now but little used. Good plants can be
obtained in this way of Persian Yellow and some
other varieties which do not strike from cuttings,
and it is the only method by which certain kinds
can be produced on their own roots.

Besides the methods spoken of, roses are also
produced from seed, but this is only done where
it is purposed to secure stocks, as seedling Briers,
or where it is the aim to obtain new varieties.

CHAPTER IX.

EXHIBITING ROSES.

Until recently little attention has, in this
country, been given to a careful exhibition of
roses, but of late years a decided interest has
been taken in the matter, and very creditable dis-
plays are now made in Boston and New York.
The Massachusetts Horticultural Society has
done a great deal to encourage exhibits of cut-
roses, and the numerous boxes of splendid flow-
ers to be seen at Boston every June attract ad-
mirers from all parts of the land. Much has
been written and said for and against the exhibi-
tion of cut-roses in boxes. Objectors to the sys-
tem claim that wrong impressions are given to
the public ; amateurs see beautiful flowers of a
certain variety, and are thereby led to purchase
and attempt to grow plants of it, only to discover
that they don't grow ; the variety being of feeble
constitution and requiring skilful treatment, lives
but a dismal life at their hands, and it is finally

n

94 THE ROSE.

discarded as worthless ; or it may be, the sort in
question proves to be a kind that gives a few
good blooms in June and plentj'^ of shoots and
leav^es the rest of the year, but nothing else.
Wrong impressions are doubtless often received
at these exhibits, for to gain by observation a
correct impression of the general qualities of any
variety it must be seen at different times, grow-
ing in the garden or nursery row in quantity.
On the other hand, these exhibitions certainly
make prominent the more beautiful roses, and as
we are first attracted to a rose by the richness
or delicacy of its color, and the symmetry
of its form, we have placed before us for easy
comparison the highest types of beauty to be
found in the rose family ; and although from
seeing individual flowers we learn nothing of the
character of varieties, as respects profusion and
continuity of bloom, or vigor and healthfulness
of growth, we, nevertheless, can be assured that
those kinds which ?i^p^2iY frequently and in great
perfection in different boxes are kinds which
will certainly be useful ones for general cultiva-
tion. Varieties, particularly those not of recent
origin, which now and then sparsely appear in

EXHIBITING HOSES. 95

great beauty, are not to be trusted on prima-facie
evidence. The warning, '^ trust her not, she's
fooling thee," should be borne in mind in the
examination of the beauties of these erratic stars,
and no one should commit himself in allegiance
to them without some knowledge of their actual
worth.

The following rule of the Massachusetts Horti-
cultural Society referring to boxes for exhibition
is given for the information of those interested
in the matter. All roses competing for prizes,
except those for the general display, must be ex-
hibited in boxes of the dimensions named below :

Length.

Breadth.

Ueirht.

For 24 roses, 4 ft.

1 ft. G in.

Back

of box, 6 in. ;

front, 4 in.

*' 12 roses, 2 ft. 2 in.

1 ft. 6 in.

4(

6 in. ;

♦' 4 in.

'' 6 roses, 1 ft. 6 in.

1 ft. 0 in.

H

6 in.;

" 4 in.

" 3 roses, 1 ft.

1 ft. 6 in.

tl

6 in. ;

" 4 in.

Two of the most important points connected
with showing roses are the proper arrangement
as regards size and colors of the flowers.

" Cut first of all your grandest blooms, because
no Mede nor Persian ever made law more unal-
terable than this : The largest rosesn must he
placed at the hacTc^ the smallest in thefront^ and

96 THE ROSE.

the intermediate iri the middle of your hoxes.
They become by this arrangement so gradually,
beautifully less, that the disparity of size is im-
perceptible. Transgress this rale, and the result
will be disastrous, ludicrous, as when some huge
London carriage -horse is put in harness with the
paternal cob, or as when some small but ambi-
tious dancer runs round and round the tallest girl
at the ball in the gyrations of the mazy waltz.
. . The arrangement of roses with regard
to their color has not been studied as it deserves
to be. The amateur with more leisure than the
man of business for the study of the beautiful,
and foi the most effective display of his fewer
flowers, ought to excel, but, as a rule, does not.
His roses are very rarely made the most of in this
respect, but are frequently marred and spoiled,
the colors clashing and contending with each
other instead of combining against their common
adversary. It is told of a highly sensitive dame
whose silly pride was in dress, that she went into
hysterics before a large party when her great
rival in millinery came and sat upon the ottoman
beside her in a grand garment of the same color
as her own, but of a much more brilliant and

EXHIBITIJ^G ROSES. 97

effective dye ; and I have seen many a rose which
would weep, if it could, aromatic rose-water,
subdued by a like despair. Once upon a time six
pretty sisters lived at home together always. In
looks, in figure, in voice, gait, and apparel, they
exactly resembled each other. Young gentlemen
seeing them apart, fell madly in love, as young
gentlemen ought to do ; but on going to the
house and being introduced to the family they
were bewildered by the exact similitude, didn't
know which they had come to see, couldn't think
of proposing at random, made blunders, apolo-
gies, retreats. It seemed as though all these
charming flowers would be left to wither on the
virgin thorn, when one of them was permitted
to leave her home upon a visit to a distant friend.
She returned in six weeks Men fiancee^ and six
months after w^as a bride. The rest followed
her example. So it is that six scarlet roses or six
pink roses in close proximity perplex the specta-
tor, and depreciate each other by their monoto-
nous identity ; isolated or contrasted we admire
them heartily." "^

Koses should be cut and placed in their proper

* " A Book about Koses," Chapter XIV., S. Eeynolds Hole.

98 THE ROSE.

positions for exhibition in tlie same boxes in
which they are to be shown previous to the time
appointed for exhibition. Some favored indi-
vidnals wlio live close by the place where the
show is held find it practicable to bring the
flowers in baskets or trays, and arrange them in
their pro23er positions in the room where tliey are
to be displayed two or three hours before the
time appointed for the judges to go their round.
Wliere roses come from any distance tliey should
be carefully arranged at home, and then when
the boxes arrive at destination any flowers that
suffered in transit can be replaced from the sup-
ply put up for this purpose. The day being
cloudy and cool, roses may be cut at any time,
but it is prudent to rely on the early morning
hours as the best time for the purpose. An ex-
perience in cutting roses at sunrise, on a fresh cool
morning in June, is an experience worth living
foro A careful examination of one^s treasures
the day before the flowers are to be cut will en-
able one to estimate the strength on hand and de-
cide finally as to what classes shall be contended
for. All the details should be considered in ad-
vance, and the writing of cards, giving names of

EXHIBITING KOSES. 09

varieties, providing green moss, etc., not left till
the last moment. Amateurs who do not compre-
hend the manner of construction of exhibition
boxes and the way the flowers are to be arranged
in them, would do well to apply to the Secretary
of the Massachusetts Horticultural Society, Hor-
ticultural Hall, Boston, who will have sent to
them a box from which they can pattern, or all
the boxes required will be sent ; he will also fur-
nish the schedule of prizes offered by the society.
I mention this society because its exhibits are of
higher character than any others, both as regards
the quality of the flowers displayed and the
general arrangements and facilities afforded.
Boston excels in the exhibit of Hybrid Remon-
tants, while New York stands first in staging fine
Teas, but at both places displays are made that
should have the encouragement of all who are
interested in the improvement of our rose exhi-
bitions.

CHAPTER X.

ROSES UNDER GLASS. BY J. IS". MAY.

There are a number of roses which do not
attain perfection when grown in open air, and
others that do not thrive at all except nnder
glass. For these it is necessary to provide a rose-
honse, which, besides enabhng lis to grow satis-
factorily the delicate kinds, will supply us with
flowers during the winter months of any more
robust sorts we choose to grow. If it is desired
to grow more than one family of roses, two or
more houses are desirable, so that they can be
treated to suit their several requirements. Tea
Roses need one treatment, Hybrid Perpetuals
and nearly all hardy roses require another some-
what different. I will first give the treatment
requisite for insuring the best results with Tea
Roses, commencing with their propagation.

Cuttings. — Use young, vigorous wood taken
from healthy plants ; the wood is in the right
condition when the flower buds are well devel-

ROSES UNDER GLASS, 101

oped. Take cuttings with two or three leaf
stalks, remove the lower one and make a smooth
cnt, if possible just beneath where the leaf stalk
was removed ; with the back of the knife knock
off all thorns from the wood and insert the cut-
ting in your bed of sand ; press around the cut-
ting firmly, and water thoroughly w^ith tepid
water. After this process the cuttings should
never be allowed to get dry, the sand must be
kept moist by frequent syringing. If the tem-
perature of the house is kept at from fifty to
fifty-five degrees at night and from sixty to
seventy during the day, the cuttings will be well
rooted in twenty-eight or thirty days after the
day they are put in.

To know when they are in the right condition
to pot off : with a thin, flat stick, carefully pry a
few out of the sand; if they have made roots one-
half inch long, they can be potted. The soil
must be prepared by taking three parts good
loam, one part sand, one part well-rotted cow-
manure ; these are to be thoroughly mixed and
placed in a vjarm position. Use two-and-a-half-
inch pots, press about the cuttings firmly ; when
potted place near the glass. Do npt water

102 THE ROSE.

heavily for a few days ; until tliey begin to grow
freely a light syringing, just enough to keep the
plants from becoming dry, is all that is necessary.

In about three weeks, the plants, if properly
treated, will be ready to shift into four or five-
inch pots. The same care used in the first pot-
ting must be observed in this. By watering the
plants an hour or so before shifting, they will
leave the pot with a ball of earth, and thus but
slight check or disturbance is given to the grow^th
of the plants. The pots should always be filled
to the amount of one-fourth or one-fifth their
depth with broken pieces of pots, or similar sub-
stances, in order to secure perfect drainage.
After four or five weeks' growth the plants should
be ready for the second shift, when six or seven-
inch pots will be needed. The same soil should
be used, but with the addition of one shovelful
of pure ground bone to every forty shovels of soil ;
this must be well mixed. In shifting plants
always use clean pots.

The best time to make cuttings is during the
month of January ; if you cannot obtain good
cuttings of your own, order j^oung plants from
some good grower, to be delivered to you some

ROSES u:hder glass. 103

time in February or March. These plants will
probably be from two-and-a-half -inch pots and
will be ready for their first shift. Do not order
the plants sent by mail, for under no circum-
stances w^ill plants by mail ever be as good as
those sent by express ; for the reason that the
soil is shaken off the roots when prepared for
mailing, and the roots get damaged in transit. I
would rather pay double the price for every plant
I wanted and have them come by express than
have them mailed at one-half the price.

After that the sun causes the temperature of
the house to rise during the day ; as during mild,
clear days in February, March, and April, careful
attention must be paid to ventilation ; air is to be
given from the ridge, never from the front, un-
til after the first of June, or the plants will suffer
from mildew, etc. The Aphis must be kept off
by tobacco fumigation ; never allow the plants to
become in the least infested. Prevent mildew by
dusting flower of sulphur on the pipes or flues,
which should previously be moistened with water.

The plants will be ready for removal from the
houses to open air about the first of June. The
position chosen for plunging the roses must not

104 THE KOSE.

be one exposed to sweeping winds or strong
draughts of air. The pots may be plunged in a bed
of coal-ashes, or any similar material, about four
inches in depth. The plants should be syringed
once a day to keep them healthy ; if the surface of
tlie soil becomes green carefully remove it and
fill up with fresh soil. When the pots are filled
with roots w^e give the final shift for the season,
using eight, nine, or ten-inch pots according to
the size and strength of the plant. If it is de-
sired to grow the plants on benches, out of pots,
this last shift is not used. For this purpose the
side benches should not exceed three feet six
inches in w^idth, and next the front should be
twelve or fourteen inches from the glass. The
benches must be so made as to hold fiv^e or six
inches of soil, and the bottom boards laid one-
half inch apart, so as to secure good drainage ;
over the cracks are placed thin sods, the grass side
downward ; these prevent the soil from being
washed away by watering. The first bench be-
ing nearer the glass than the others should be
used for the more delicate growing kinds, like
Niphetos, etc. If the house be not pitched too
high, the middle bench can be made level, like

ROSES UNDER GLASS. 105

the front one, using the back portion for the
taller growing sorts. The third bench, if there
be one, must be raised so as to bring the plants
about the same distance from the glass as does
the first one. The plants should be placed about
sixteen or eighteen inches apart, each way, and
should be in position in June or July. When
well established and growing freely, give them a
mulching of good rotten manure mixed with
bone-dust ; one shovel bone-dust to twenty of
manure is a good proportion. The amount of
water to be given will vary with the weather ;
during clear and hot days they should have a
vigorous spraying, given by a syringe or from the
hose, twice a day. When it is cloudy or cool
they may need but a slight sprinkling once a day.
The soil should never be allowed to become dry
so as to show dust, or to be saturated with
water ; either extreme is dangerous to the health
of the plants. From the time of planting out,
say the last of June, until the middle of Septem-
ber, or until the nights become chilly, all the
ventilators should be constantly left wide open ;
when cool weather begins they must be closed at
night, but air should always be given from the

106 THE KOSE.

ridge during the day, unless the weather be
adverse. It should be the endeavor to keep the
temperature fifty-five degrees at night, and sixty-
five to eighty degrees during the day. If these
instructions are carefully heeded, there will be
an abundant supply of fine roses all through the
season, from the first of October to the end of the
following June, when the same process will be
repeated. Although the old plants can be used
for a second season, I do not advocate it ; the
extra expense and trouble of renewing the beds
of soil and the plants every season, I have proved
by experience is more than compensated for by
the better and more constant supply of fine
blooms.

If it is decided to grow the plants in pots all
the season a somewhat different treatment is to
be followed. After the final shift the plants are
again placed on the bed of ashes, where they are
constantly to be watched and cared for, the dead
leaves picked off and the surface of the soil occa-
sionally stirred, care being taken not to disturb
the young roots. During hot weather it is best to
water in the evening, but when the nights be-
come cool the morning is a better time. By the

ROSES UNDER GLASS. 107

middle of August we slightly withliold watering,
so that the plants may obtain a hardy constitu-
tion and a partial rest of a few weeks. The
greenhouses should be thoroughly cleaned, ready
to receive the plants by the middle of Septem-
ber. After the plants are housed they should be
mulched with thoroughly rotted cow-manure,
fifteen parts, mixed with one part pure ground
bone. As much is to be placed on each pot as
will remain and not wash off. The soil is to be
examined to see that it does not get too wet. In
ten or fifteen days after the plants are placed in
the house they will begin to show plenty of
blooms, and will continue to push forth buds all
the winter. By the first of December, if the
plants are doing well, they should have a little
w^eak liquid manure. Place one-half bushel of
fresh cow-manure in a barrel containing fifty
gallons of water ; stir it thoroughly and let it
stand two days before using. The plants may
be allowed to become a little dry before the
liquid is applied ; it can be used once a week.
Chicken manure is also excellent, applied in the
same way, but as it is stronger, about twice the
amount of water should be used. When neither

108 THE ROSE.

of these fertilizers can be had, Peruvian guano,
two pounds to fifty gallons of water, may be sub-
stituted. A peck of soot tied in a coarse bag
and allowed to stand in w^ater for several hours, is
also a useful stimulant. To destroy worms and
keep the soil sweet a dose of lime-water may oc-
casionally be given with excellent results. One
peck of fresh lime is placed in a barrel, and
enough w^ater added to slaken it, the same as a
mason would do in making mortar. When the
lime has been slaked, add fifty gallons of water
and then let it stand until clear.

The mulching about the plants may be renewed
during the winter, and toward spring the liquid
manure can be given more frequently than at the
first. At the end of the season, say the first
w^eek in June, the plants should be removed
from the greenhouse to the plunging ground ; it
is desirable now to plunge the pots up to the
rim, as this keeps the plants somewhat moist, and
much less water is required. The supply of
water should be gradually lessened, that the
growth may be checked and the plants obtain a
few weeks' rest ; in doing this, care must be had
that the young wood does not shrivel. After a

ROSES UNDER GLASS. 109

rest of about five weeks, the plants are to be
shifted into pots one or two sizes larger. By
the middle of Angust it will be time to cut away
all weak wood, reserving the young and strong
shoots ; these should be tied to neat stakes. As
the plants show signs of forming new growth, a
little more water must be given ; they should be
housed by the middle of September and treated
the same way as the previous year.

Hybrid PerjDetual Roses must be managed
differently from the Teas. They are propagated
and grown on in the same way until the first of
September, when they should be sorted out, and
all those having the strongest and ripest wood
placed by themselves. Water is to be gradually
withheld until growth stops, this will be in two
or three weeks ; the pots are then to be laid on
their sides, on a bed of coal-ashes ; if the weather
is hot and dry cover the pots with rough grass,
hay, or any light material ; in this condition they
can, if desired, remain several weeks, provided
they are not allowed to get hard frozen.

Presuming that the blooms are required for
New Year's, the plants should be thorpughly ri-
pened by the 25th of September, and must be

110 THE KOSE.

pruned about that time ; in doing tins remove
entirely all weak shoots and shorten the strong
ones to within a few buds of the base, cutting
back to a plump eye. Stand the pots up and
water them a httle at a time till the balls are
soaked through ; on warm days, syringe the tops
frequently. Should the nights get frosty place
the plants in a j^it or cold frame, covering with
sashes. If no such place be ready the plants must
be removed to the greenhouse ; in any event
they will need to go there when the eyes have
well started. Be sure to give plenty of air on all
mild days, and syringe two or three times a day,
according to the heat of the sun. Do not allow
the temperature to exceed forty degrees at night
for the first three weeks ; after that it can be
gradually increased to forty -five degrees. In
early November, special care must be taken not
to overwater, at the same time the plants must
never be allowed to get dry from the time the
plants start into growth until the blooms are cut.
The temperature will be kejDt at forty five de-
grees for the night, or a very little above that
point, until the flower buds form ; so soon as the
buds are well developed the night temperature

ROSES UKDEK GLASS. Ill

can be gradually increased to fifty-five degrees.
So soon as it is seen that the flower buds are
forming, liquid manure may be given, as directed
for Tea Roses.

If the flowers are wanted any earlier than Jan-
uary the plants must be ripened correspondingly
early. It generally takes fourteen weeks from
the time of starting to bring Hybrid Perpetual
Roses into bloom. The location, soil, etc., all
exert influences in this matter, and the operator
must adapt himself to the circumstances of the
case. Certainly there is no royal road to success
in forcing roses ; it is only by hard work, patient
and careful watching, night and day, that success
can be obtained. When the crop of flowers is
cut the plants can be treated about the same as
the Teas, excepting they will not need quite so
much water for a few weeks until they begin to
grow freely again ; then encouragement should
be given them, for the finer the growth now the
better will be the produce the next season. At
the beginning of June they can be taken out of
doors and receive the same treatment as young
plants.

Varieties suitable for forcing are numerous

112 THE ROSE.

(see Chapter XI. for list of varieties), perhaps the
best dark ones for very early work are General
Jacqueminot and Fisher Holmes. Varieties of
Tea Eoses suitable for forcing are almost in-
numerable, and every grower has his favorites ;
among the newer sorts some of the Hybrid Teas
will certainly rank among the first.

For this chapter readers are indebted to Mr. J.
N. May, of Summit, N. J., a practical cultiva-
tor, one of the most successful rosarians who
grow flowers for the New York market. Koses
under glass are nowhere brought to such perfec-
tion as in the neighborhood of Summit and
Madison, New Jersey. In the English rose ex-
hibitions are yet to be seen the finest specimens
of hardy roses, but to see the most beautiful
blooms of Tea Roses that the world produces we
must go to Jersey ; this chapter, from one of the
adepts, will therefore be of great practical value
to all who are interested in growing roses
through the winter months.

CHAPTER XL

VAEIETIES BEST ADAPTED FOE SPECIAL
PURPOSES.

The hinds marhed with an aster ish (^) should
he first chosen,

FoK Pegging-down and Bedding. — For this
purpose monthly roses are the best, and in select-
ing suitable varieties, several necessary qualities
must be considered. When we plant roses in
isolated positions we often do so having regard
to some special features which, by themsels^es,
would not make the varieties of value for mass-
ing together. Thus, neither Marechal Kiel nor
Niphetos are desirable kinds, though they are
the finest roses of their color. The requisites for
a good bedding rose are, freedom of bloom,
healthy habit of growth, and pure, steadfast
color. Symmetry of form, fragrance, and ful-
ness of flower should also be taken into consider-
ation.

We commend the following :

114 THE ROSE.

^Agrippina, ^Appolline, Edward Desfosses,
"^George Peabody, "^Ilermosa, Queen of Bour-
bons, ^Malmaison, Madame Caroline Kuster,
Pumila, Bougere, Catherine Mermet, Countess
Riza du Pare, General Tartas, "^Gerard Desbois,
"^Horner, Jean Pernet, "^La Princesse Vera,
Madame de Yatry, "^Madame Lambard, Marie
Dueher, Marie Guillot, "^Marie Van Houtte,
"^Monsieur Furtado, ^Perle des Jardins, Eubens,
"^Sombreuil, Souvenir d'un Ami, Triomplie de
Luxembourg, "^La France, Michael Saunders,
Paquerette, Soupert-et-Notting (Moss), Coquette
des Alpes, "^Eliza Boelle, Madame Auguste
Perrin.

The Hybrid Remontants are not quite so useful
for bedding roses as those above named, since
they are not continuously in bloom, but they are
very beautiful massed together and are capable
of producing great effects. All of these are
desirable :

Abel Grand, "^Alfred Colomb, Anne de Dies-
bach, Annie Wood, Baronne Prevost, Baroness
Eothschild, Boieldieu, ^Countess of Serenye,
Charles Lefebvre, Charles Margottin, Countess
of Oxford, '^Eugenie Verdier, "^Fisher Holmes,

VARIETIES FOR SPECIAL PURPOSES. 115

^Fran9ois Michelon, Gabriel Tournier, General
Jacqueminot, Hippolyte Jamain, ^Jolm Hopper,
La Reine, La Eosiere, Louis Yan Houtte, Mabel
Morrison, Madame Charles Wood, Madame V.
Yerdier, "^Marguerite de St. Amande, "^Marie
Baumann, Paul Neyron, Pierre Netting, ^Rev.
J. B. Camm, Yictor Yerdier.

For Forcing. — We need for this purpose
varieties that will flower freely and that are of
high finish ; only the most beautiful should be
grown.

Among Monthly Roses the most desirable are :
•^Agrippina, Douglass, Souvenir de la Malmai-
son, Cloth of Gold, Marechal Niel, Marie Ber-
ton, Bon Silene, "^Catherine Mermet (not very
free, but most beautiful), ^Cornelia Cook (same
attributes as Mermet), Homer, Innocente Pirola,
^Isabella Sprunt, Jean Pernet, ^Madame Bravy,
^Madame de Yatry, Madame Lambard, ^Marie
Guillot, "^Marie Yan Houtte, Monsieur Furtado,
Niphetos, Odorata, ^Perle des Jardins, "^Rubens,
Safrano, Souvenir d'un Ami, Triomphe de Lux-
embourg, Beauty of Stapleford, Captain Christy,
Duke of Connaught, La France, Madame
A. Bernaix, Mademoiselle B. Yiolet, Nancy

116 THE ROSE.

Lee, Yiscoimtess Falmoutli, Sonpert-et-Notting
(Moss), ^Eliza Boelle, Madame Noman.

Among Hybrid Remontants choose from Abel
Carriere, "^A. Colomb, Anne de Diesbacli,
■^Baroness Rothschild, Charles Lefebvre, Coun-
tess Cecile, "^Countess of Serenye, Countess of
Oxford, Etienne Levet, '^Eugenie Yerdier,
"^Fisher Holmes, Frangois Michelon, General
Jacqueminot, H. Jamain, Jean Liabaud, '^John
Hoj)per, Louis Van Houtte, Mabel Morrison, La
Rosiere, ^'Marguerite de St. Amande, Marie
Baumann, Paul Neyron, Pierre Notting, ^Rev.
J. B. Camm, V. Verdier.

Climbing Roses for Conservatory. — Aimee
Vibert Scandens, Banksia White, Banksia Yel-
low, "^Celine /Forrestier, Clair Carnot, Cloth of
Gold, ^Lamarque, Marechal Niel, "^Solfaterre,
Belle Lyonnaise, "^Gloire de Dijon, Madame
Berard, "^Marie Berton, Reine Marie Henri-
ette.

Hardy Roses, that are free autumnal sorts.
— Gloire de Dijon, ^La France, Viscountess
Falmouth, Salet, Soupert-et-]^otting. All the
Hybrid Noisettes, Abel Grand, "^Alfred Colomb,
Antoine Verdier, Annie Wood, Baronne Prevost,

VARIETIES FOR SPECIAL PURPOSES. 117

■^Baroness Rothschild, ^Boieldieu, Caroline de
Sansal, "^Countess of Serenye, Etienne Levet,
Eugenie Yerdier, ^rran9ois Michelon, Gabriel
Tournier, General Washington, Hippolyte
Jamain, Horace Yernet, John Hopper, Jules
Margottin, La Eeine, Louis Yan Houtte, Mabel
Morrison, Madame Charles Wood, ^Marguerite
de St. Amande, Marie Baumann, Monsieur No-
man, Paul Neyron, Princess Charlotte, '^Rev. J.
B. Camm, Yictor Yerdier. These are not all
perfectly hardy ; for list of such kinds see below.
Highly Scented Roses. — With but few ex-
ceptions all Moss Roses. Blanchefleur, Centifolia,
Madame Hardy, ^Marechal Niel, Aline Sisley,
^Bon Silene, Catherine Mermet, Countess Riza
du Pare, ^Devoniensis, Jules Finger, "Madame
Bravy, Madame F. Janin, Marie Yan Houtte,
"^Odorata, Rubens, Souvenir d'un Ami, ^Duchess
of Connaught, Hon. George Bancroft, "^La
France, "^Nancy Lee, ^Yiscountess Falmouth,
^Soupert-et-Notting, "^Alfred Colomb, Baronne
Pre vest, Bessie Johnson, Fisher Holmes, General
Jacqueminot, Horace Yernet, Louis Yan Houtte,
Mme. Chirard, "^Madame Yictor Yerdier, Marie
Baumann, Marie Rady, Maurice Bernardin,

118 THE ROSE,

Pierre Netting, Prince de Poreia, Queen of
Waltham, '^Eev. J. B. Camm, Xavier Olibo.

The most hardy Hoses. — Abel Grand, Anne
de Diesbach, Baron de Bonstetten, ^Baronne
Prevost, Baroness Rothschild, Boieldien, Caro-
line de Sansal, Charles Margottin, Countess of
Serenye, Edward Morren, Frangois Michelon,
General Jacqueminot, Jules Margottin, "^La
Peine, Mabel Morrison, Madame Boll, Madame
Joly, Marchioness of Exeter, Marguerite de St.
Amande, Marquise de Castellane, Maurice Ber-
nardin. Rev. J. B. Camm. All summer roses,
with scarce any exception, are hardy, more so
than any of the Hybrid Remontants. The most
hardy of the Monthly Roses are Appolline, Ed-
ward Desfosses, Hermosa, Louise Odier, Aimee
Yibert, Caroline Marniesse, Gloire de Dijon,
Reine Marie Henriette, Bougere, Gerard Desbois,
Homer, Madame de Vatry, Marie Duclier, Som-
breuil.

The most beautiful Roses, or those suited
FOR Exhibition. — Souvenir de la Malmaison,
Cloth of Gold, -^Marechal Niel, Madame Berard,
^Marie Berton, ^Catherine Mermet, "^Cornelia
Cook, "^Homer, ^Madame Bravy, "^Marie Guillot,

VARIETIES FOIl SPECIAL PURPOSES. 119

Marie Yan Houtte, Monsieur Furtado, Niphe-
tos, Perle des Jardins, ^Rubens, Souvenir d'un
Ami, ^Captain Christy, "^La France, Madame
Alexander Bernaix, Princess Louise Victoria,
"^Eliza Boelle, "^Madame ISToman, A. Geoffrey
St. Hilaire, Abel Carriere, ^A. Colomb, A. K.
Williams, Baron de Bonstetten, ^Baroness Roths-
child, '^Charles Lefebvre, Charles Margottin,
Countess Cecile, Countess of Serenye, Edward
Morren, Egeria, ^Eugenie Verdier, ^E. Y. Teas,
Fisher Holmes, Frangois Michelon, George
Prince, "^Horace Vernet, "^Jean Liabaud, John
Hopper, Jules Margottin, La Rosiere, ^Louis
Yan Houtte, Mabel Morrison, ^Madame Yictor
Yerdier, Marguerite de St. Amande, ^Marie
Baumann, ^Marie Rady, Marquise de Castellane,
Maurice Bernardin, Monsieur Noman, Paul ISTey-
ron, "^Pierre Notting, ^Rev. J. B. Camm, Yic-
tor Yerdier, "^Xavier Olibo.

CHAPTER XII.

RAISERS OF THE BEST ROSES.

^ With the immense nmnber of varieties pro-
duced and sent out each year, it would be well if
we had some criterion which would enable us to
select the probably meritorious sorts from the
mass of kinds which are worthless. We have,
as yet, no better guide than the reputation of the
raisers ; by comparing the best sorts of the
different growers we can estimate with some ex-
actness the value each grower has been to the
world ; judging from what we have received in
the past, we can estimate, in a measure, the
value of that proffered annually by the different
raisers of new roses.

The best sorts of each raiser are given in the
accompanying list, and are those kinds most
generally grown the world over.

^ These raisers are dead, or have retired from
business, or are not likely to be heard from
again.

RAISERS OF THE BEST ROSES. 121

The abbreviations used describing the classes
are : A. — Austrian ; B. — Bourbon ; Beng. —
Bengal ; CI. T.— Climbing Tea ; D.— Damask ;
Hy. CI.— Hybrid Climber ; Hy. N.— Hybrid
JSToisette ; H. K.— Hybrid Eemontant ; H. T.—
Hybrid Tea ; M.— Moss ; N.— Noisette ; P.—
Prairie ; P. M. — Perpetual Moss ; Pol. — Poly-
antha ; Prov. — Provence ; T. — Tea.

^ Baumann, France.
Marie Baumann H.E. 1863

"^ Jean Belme, Lyons, France.
His first variety was sent out in 1840.

Souvenir de la Malmaison B. 1843

Leveson Gower '^ 1846

Henry Bennett, England.

First variety issued in 1879.

Beauty of Stapleford Hy.T. 1879

Duchess of Connaught '^ 1879

Duchess of Westminster '' 1879

Duke of Connaught '' ' 1879

Hon. George Bancroft " 1879

Jean Sisley " 1879

Michael Saunders " 1879

Nancy Lee " 1879

133 THE ROSE.

Pearl Hy.T. 18Y9

Viscountess Falmouth " 1879

These were raised by other parties, but were pur-
chased and sent out by Bennett.

Duchess of Edinburgh H.E. 1874

Egeria " 1878

Lord Beaconsfield " 1878

Mabel Morrison " 1878

Madame Welche T. 1878

* Daniel Boll. New York.

Madame Boll (sent out by Boyeau) H.R. 1859

* Boyeau. France.

Solfaterre N. 1843

Souvenir de Mons. Boll H.R. 1866

Broughton. (Amateur.) England.

Mabel Mon-ison H.R. 1878

B. a. Cant. Colchester, England.

Prince Arthur H.R. 1875

Soipion Cochet. France.

Souv. de la Reine d'Angleterre. .H.R. 1855

Anthony Cook. (Koch.) Baltimore, Md.

Cornelia Cook T. 1855

RAISERS OF THE BEST ROSES. 133

Cranston & Co. King's Acre, England.

Climbing Jules Margottin Hy.Cl. 1875

Sir Garnet Wolseley H.R. 1875

Mrs. Jowitt " 1880

Frederick Damaizin. Lyons, France.
Introduced his first variety in 1857.

Mademoiselle Rachel T. 1860

Madame Charles " 1864

Abel Grand. . , H.R. 1865

Felix Genero " 1866

Madame Nachury " 1873

La Rosiere " , 1874

Davis. England.

Penelope Mayo H.R. 1878

^ Desprez. France.

Desprez K. 1838

Baronne Prevost H.R. 1842

Caroline de Sansal " 1849

Ditcher and Widow. Lyons, France.

First variety sent out in 1852.

Gloire de Ducher H.R. 1865

Nardv Fr^res " 1865

t/

Antoine Ducher -. '' 1866

Marie Ducher T. 1868

124

THE ROSE.

Duclier Beng. 1869

Coquette de Lyon T. 1870

Marie Van Houtte " 1871

Perle de Lyon " 1872

Comte de Sembui " 1874

Jean Duclier " 1874

Mareclial Eobert " 1875

Triomphe de Milan " 1876

Madame Maurice Kuppenheim. . " 1878

Innocente Pirola " 1878

Madame Welclie " 1878

Jean Lorthois '' 1879

Jules Finger " 1879

Madame Louis Henry N". 1879

Mademoiselle Cecile Brunner . . . Pol. 1880

* l^east Baltimore, Md.

Anna Maria P.

Baltimore Belle ''

Queen of Prairies '^

^ Fontaine per e, Cliatillon, France

Queen Victoria H.P.

Mme. Chas. Crapelet

Marie Eady

Charles Fontaiiie, Cliatillon, France.
Louis Dore , H.R. 1878

u

a

1843
1843
1843

1850
1859
1865

RAISERS OF THE BEST ROSES. 135

Oargon. Kouen, France.

Mme. Hippolyte Jamain H.R, 1871

Triomphe de France " 1875

Boieldieu " 1877

Gautreau. France.

Mme. de St. Fulgent H.E. 1863

Camille Bernardin " 1865

J. M, Gonod, Lyons, France.
Introduced liis first variety in 1863.

Achille Gonod H.E. 1864

Mme. Louis Donadine " 1877

Mme. Anne de Besobrassoff " 1877

Mme. Eugene Chambeyran " 1878

Mile. Julie Dymonier " 1879

Granger.

General Washington H.E. 1861

Maurice Bernardin " 1861

Duke of Wellington " 1864

Exposition de Brie " 1865

Edward Morren " 1868

* Guillot jpere. Lyons, France.
Litroduced his first variety in 1 842.

Duchesse de Thuringe B. 1847

Canary... .' T. 1852

126 THE ROSE.

Lord Raglan H.E. 1854

Senateur Vaisse " 1859

Mme. Bellenden Ker H.K 1866

Monsieur Noman H.R. 1867

Mme. Noman H.K 1867

Countess of Oxford H.R. 1869

Eliza Boelle H.K 1869

J. B. O-uillot fils. Lyons, France.
Introduced his first variety in 1858.

Mme. Falcot T. 1858

Horace Vernet H.R. 1866

Mme. Margottin T. 1866

La France H.T. 1867

Eugenie Yerdier H.R. 1869

Catherine Mermet T. 1869

Comtesse de Nadaillac " 1871

Abbe Bramerel H.R. 1871

Claire Carnot K 1873

Ahne Sisley T. 1874

Marie Guillot " 1874

Paquerette Pol. 1875

Mme. Alex Bernaix H.T. 1877

Mme. Angele Jacquier T. 1879

Pierre Guillot H.T. 1879

RAISERS OF THE BEST ROSES. 127

* Guinnoiseau. France.

Empereur de Maroc H.R. 1858

* Hardy. Paris, France.

Mme. Hardy Dam. 1832

Bon Silene T. 1839

Triomphe de Lnxembonrg "

^ Harrison, (Amateur.) New York.

Harrison's Yellow A. 1830

■^ Jacotot. (Amateur.) France.

Gloire de Dijon Cl.T. 1853

Hvppolyte Jamain, Paris, France.

Mme. Boutin , . H.R. 1861

Dupuy Jamain '' 1868

Constantin Tretiakoff " 18Y7

Paul Jamain " 1878

* Knight, England.

Princess Louise Victoria H.Cl. 1872

Frangois Lacharme, Lyons, France.
Introduced his first variety in 1844.

Victor Yerdier H.R. 1852

Salet P.M. 1854

P^onia .H.R. 1855

Anne de Diesbacli " 1858

Mme. A. de Rougemont H.N. 1862

138 THE ROSE.

Xavier Olibo H.R. 1864

Alfred Colomb " 1865

Baronne de Majnard H.N. 1865

Coquette des Alpes " 1867

Boiile de Neige " 1867

Louis Van Houtte H.R. 1869

Charles Lefebvre '' 1871

Coquette des Blanches H.N. 1871

Mme. Lacharme Hy. China. 1872

Captam Christy H.T. 1873

Hippolyte Jainain H.E. 1874

Countess of Serenye ^^ 1874

Jean Soupert ■" 1875

Mme. Lambard T. 1877

Catherine Soupert H.R. 1879

Julius Finger H.T, 1879

^ Laffay, Bellevue, France.

Mme. Laffay H.R, 1839

William Jesse '' 1840

Duchess of Sutherland '' 1840

La Reine ._. '' 1844

Princess Adelaide , M. 1845

Coupe d'Hebe Hy. China.

Auguste Mie H.R. 1851

Laneii M. 1854

RAISERS OF THE BEST ROSES. 129

Oapt. John Ingram M. 1856

Monsieur Furtado T. • 1863

* Lansezeitr. France.

Triomphe de Rennes N. 185Y

Thomas Laxtoii. Bedford, England.

Annie Laxton lI.E. 1869

Princess Louise '* 1869

Empress of India '' 1876

Emily Laxton '' 1877

Marchioness of Exeter '' 1877

Mrs. Laxton '' 1878

Richard Laxton '' 1878

Charles Darwin " 1879

Doctor Hogg ........... . . " 1880

Mrs. Harry Turner " 1880

* Lecomte. France.

Marechal Yaillant H.R. 1861

Ledechcmx, France,

Henri Ledechaux H.R. 1868

Madame Ferdinand Janin " 1875

Leon Renault " 1878

Antoine Levet. Lyons, France.

Introduced his first variety in 1866.

Mademoiselle Therese Levet H. R. 1866

130 THE ROSE.

Belle Lyonnaise CI.T. 1869

Madame Trifle " 1869

Paul Neyron H.R. 1869

Madame Berard CI.T. 1870

Madame Jules Margottin T. 1871

Frangois Michelon H.R. 1871

Madame Fran9ois Janin T. 1872

Perle des Jardins " 1874

Antoine Moutin H.R. 1874

Marie Berton CI.T. 1875

Madame Etienne Levet Hy.T, 1878

Mademoiselle Brigitte Violet ... " 1878

Reine Marie Henriette CI.T. 1878

Madame Ducher . , .H.R. 1879

Fran9ois Levet " 1880

Leveque <& Son, Ivry, near Paris, France.

Due de Rohan H.R. 1861

Emilie Hausburgh " 1868

Devienne Lamy " 1868

Richard Wallace " 1871

Madame Louis Leveque " 1872

Avocat Duvivier " 1875

Princess Charlotte . " 1877

Gaston Leveque '' 1878

Madame Chedane Guinnoiseau . . '' 1880

RAISERS OF THE BEST ROSES. 131

Liabaud. Lyons, France.

Introduced his first variety, in 1852.

Madame Clemence Joigneaux. . ..H.R. 1861

Jean Clierpin '^ 1865

Marquise de Mortemart " 1868

Baron de Bonstetten " 1871

Jean Liabaud " 1875

Mademoiselle Emma Hall. ...... " 1876

Madame de Laboulaye " 1877

Madame Gabriel Luizet " 1878

Claude Bernard " 1878

^ Marest. France.

Comtesse Cecile de Chabrillant. . . H.K. 1859

Margottin pere. Paris, France.

Louise Odier B. 1851

Alexandrine Bachmetieff H.B. 1852

Jules Margottin " 1853

Triomplie de I'Exposition ^^ 1855

Anne Alexieff " 1858

Charles Margottin " 1863

Charles Turner " 1869

Madame de Kidder " 1871

Madame Jeanine Joubert B. 1877

Gloire de Bourg La Reine H.R. 1879

133 THE ROSE.

Mar gottin fits . Paris, France.

Comte de Mortremart H.E. 1880

Madame Isaac Pereire B. 1880

Moreau-liohert, Angers, France.

Sombreuil T. 1851

Madame Edward Ory P.M. 1854

Homer _.. T. 1859

Enbens " 1859

Blanche Moreau M. 1880

Mottheau. France.

Comtesse de Choiseuil H.E. 1878

Ndbonnand. Golfe Juan, France.
Duchess of Edinburgh (sent out by

Yeitch) Hy.Beng. 1874

Cannes La Coquette Hy.T. 1877

La Princesse Vera T. 1878

Duchesse de Vallombrosa '^ 1879

^ Nerard, France.

Giant of Battles H.E. 1846

Oger. France.

Triomphe de Beaute H.E. 1853

Madame Pierre Oger B. 1878

Has sent out upward of 25 varieties, none
being of first quality.

JIAISERS OF THE BEST ROSES. 133

Paul & Son (George Paul). Cheshunt, Eng.

Lord Clyde H.E. 1863

Duke of Edinburgh " 1868

Climbing Victor Verdier " 1871

Chesliunt Hybrid . .H.T. .1872

S. Keynolds Hole H.E. 1872

The Shah '' 1874

Duke of Connaught " 1875

Climbing Bessie Johnson " 1878

John Bright " 1878

Climbing Edward Morren " 1879

Marquis of Salisbury , " 1879

DukeofTeck " 1880

Glory of Cheshunt. . " 1880

Wvi. Paul c& Son. "Waltham Cross, Eng.

Beauty of Waltham H.R. 1862

Lord Macaulay " 1863

Princess Beatrice " 1872

Peach Blossom " 1874

Queen of Waltham ' ' 1875

Star of Waltham " 1875

Magna Charta " 1876

Queen Eleanor " 1876

Rosy Morn " 1878

R. Dudley Baxter " 1879

134 THE ROSE.

Crown Prince .H.E. 1880

Masterpiece " 1880

^ George Pentland. Baltimore, Md.

Doctor Kane N. 1856

George Peabody B. 1857

J, Pernet. Lyons, France.

Mademoiselle Bonnaire H.N. 1859

Jean Pernet T. 1867

Baroness Kothschild H.K. 1867

Marquise de Castellane > " 1869

Mme. Caroline Kuster N. 1873

Soupert-et-Notting P.M. 1874

Souvenir de Mme. Pernet T. 1875

Charles RovoUi.... " 1875

Wilhelm Koelle H.R. 1878

Ferdinand Chaffolte " 1 879

^ Joshua Pierce, Washington, D. C.

Mrs. Hovey P. 1850

Triumphant " 1850

^Portemer,
Introduced his first variety about 1837.

William Griffith H.R. 1850

Lady Stuart Hy.Ch. 1852

Pierre dotting H.R. 1863

RAISERS OF THE BEST ROSES. 135

R. B. JPostans. England.

May Quennel H.E. 1878

Countess of Eoseberry " 1879

Duchess of Bedford " 1879

^ Pradel. France.

Marechal Niel N. 1864

^ Bamhaux, France.

Marie Finger H.R. 1873

Anne Marie de Montravel Pol. 1879

^ Boussel. France.

General Jacqueminot H.E. 1853

^ Sansal. France.

Marguerite de St. Amande H.E. 1864

Joseph Schwartz, Lyons, France.

Auguste Eigotard H.E. 1871

Andre Dunand " 1871

Ducliesse de Yallombrosa " 1875

Comtesse Eiza du Pare T. 1876

Marquise Adele de Murinais H.E. 1876

A. K. Williams " 1877

Egeria " 1878

Jules Chretien . . ., " 1878

Lord Beaconsfield " 1878

136 THE ROSE.

Madame Angiiste Perrin H.N. 1878

Madame Oswald de Kerchove .. . " 1879

Eeine Maria Pia Cl.T. 1880

Rev. James Sprunt, D.D. Kenansville, N. 0.

Isabella Sprunt T. 1865

James Sprunt Beng. 1856

* Touvais. France.

Due de Cazes H.R. 1860

Mme. Julie Daran " 1862

Centifolia Eosea , " 1863

* Trouillard. Angers, France.

Eugene Appert H.R 1859

Mrs. Standish " 1860

Celine Forrestier N. 1860

Charles Turner. Slough, England.

John S. Mill H.E. 1874

Miss Hassard " 1874

Eev. J. B. M. Camm " 1874

Eoyal Standard " 1874

Oxonian " 1875

Mrs. Baker " 1875

Dean of Windsor .' . . " 1879

Dr. Sewell " 1879

Harrison Weir '< 1879

RAISERS OF THE BEST ROSES.

137

^ Vanasche. France.

Leopold Premier H.E.

Chas, Verdier, Paris.

Duchesse de Caylus H.E.

Paul Verdier Hy.Ch.

Eugene Verdier, Paris.

Madame Chas. Wood H.E.

Prince Camille de Eolian

Madame Victor Verdier

George Prince

Doctor Andry.

Fisher Holmes

Prince de Portia

Annie Wood

Thomas Mills

E. Y. Teas

Abel Carriere

Charles Baltet

Madame Alphonse Lavalle

Madame Eugene Verdier

Souvenir de Victor Verdier

Comtesse de Ludre

^ Victor Verdier. Paris.
Introduced his first variety in 1828.
Douglass Beng.

1863

1864
1866

1861
1861
1863
1864
1864
1865
1865
1866
1873
1874
1875
1877
1878
1878
1878
1879

1848

138 THE EOSE.

AppoUine Bourb. 1848

Jacques Vig7ieron, Orleans, France.

Elizabeth Vigneron H.K. 1865

Glory of Waltham (sent out by W.

Paul) Hy.Cl. 1865

^ Vibert. Paris.

Aimee Vibert N. 1828

Countess of Murinais M. 1843

Blanchefleur Prov. 1846

Glorv of Mosses M. 1852

Ward, Ipswich, England.

John Hopper H.E. 1862

The standing of the various rosarians, now in
business, who have sent out two or more sorts
of good repute, is here placed in order of merit.

1. Lacharme. Victor Verdier, Alfred Colomb,

Coquette des Alpes, Charles Lefebvre, are
varieties of marked individuality, produced
by him. He has sent out few^er poor or in-
different sorts than any other large grower.
He raises few Teas.

2. Gaillot-fils. In La France and Catherine

Mermet, he has given us new types of won-
drous beauty. Horace Vernet, Eugenie

KAISERS OF THE BEST ROSES. 139

Verdier, and Marie Guillot, are sorts scarcely
less fine. He furnishes about equal numbers
of Tea and Hybrid Remontants.

3. E. Verdier. Has sent out no Teas except

Marechal l^iel, but many more hardy kinds
than any other grower. Most of those
which have any value are crimson sorts.
While he has issued far too many indiffer-
ent kinds, and so has injured his record, we
cannot but be grateful to him for the lovely
dark roses he has given us, like Prince
Camille, Mme. Victor Verdier, and Fisher
Holmes.

4. A. Levet. F. Michel on and Perle des Jardins

are his greatest gains. He is profuse in his
production of climbing Teas of the Dijon
type.

5. Ducher. Strong in Teas.

6. Paul & Son (George Paul). Has given us

some dark kinds of wondrous beauty, but
they do not thrive in our extreme climate.
Perhaps some of his newer ones will be
better adapted to our requirements. We
miss very ijiuch in not being able to grow
well S. Reynolds Hole, etc.

140 THE ROSE.

7. Schwartz. A. K. Williams and Egeria are

among the most beautiful roses, but lack a
good constitution. Mesdames Auguste Per-
rin and Oswald de Kerchove are new types,
valuable additions to the Hybrid Noisette
family.

8. "Wrn. Paul & Son. Although this firm has

sent out no roses of sensational beauty, they
have given some that have been useful in
their day.

9. Laxton. Those of his raising and Charles

Turner are, so far, the most useful English
roses for our climate.

10. Pernet. Baroness Kothschild and Soupert-
et-Notting are his distinctive sorts.

11. Turner. A raiser with an active conscience.

Would there were more !

12. Margottin. His roses, too, have at least been
distinct.

13. Liabaud. In the contest for supremacy has
brought out some davh horses that have some
years won the race.

14. Bennett.

15. Moreau-Robert.

16. Damaizin.

RAISERS OF THE BEST ROSES. 141

17. Leveqiie.

18. Granger.

19. Cranston & Co.

20. Postans.

21. Gonod.

22. Sprunt.

23. Nabonnand. This gentleman has sent out
some seventy varieties, mostly Teas, but for
some reason (is it lack of merit ?) they have
not taken well with the public.

24. Gargon.

25. Jamain.

26. Kambaux.

27. Gautreau.

28. Ledechaux.

29. Charles Verdier.

30. Vigneron.

31. Margottin-fils.

32. Oger. Last and least, is one of the oldest
raisers who has sent out a large number of
sorts, but the rose public, perhaps being
prejudiced, have never seen merit in any-
thing he has produced.

Lest this list^ of raisers may seem to have been
too arbitrarily arranged, we subjoin a list gauged

143 THE ROSE.

according to the number and standing of the
varieties which represent them (the raisers), as
gi\ren in the election of exhibition roses, held in
England last summer. The result of this elec-
tion was published in the Joiii^nal of Horticul-
ture^ October 6th, 1881, the best twelve varieties
standing in the following order of merit : Marie
Baumann, Alfred Colomb, Baroness Kothschild,
Charles Lefebvre, Marquise de Castellane, Duke
of Edinburgh, Louis Van Houtte, Marechal
Niel, Marie Rady, La France, A. K. Williams,
Etienne Levet. The names of eighty-eight vari-
eties are given, and the total number of votes
given the several varieties of each raiser deter-
mine the relative standing of the raisers. The
names of those rosarians now living, as gauged
by this election, rank in the following order :
1. E. Verdier 12 sorts 423 votes.

a

a

a

2. Laeharme

11 '

V(D ^K:^tJ

'■ 409

3. Guillot-fils. ...

. 5 '

'■ 204

4. Levet

4 "

146

5. Paul & Son. . . .

4 "

140

6. Pernet

2 "

132

7. Schwartz

3 "

112

8. W. Pawl & Son

4 "

101

RAISERS OF THE BEST ROSES.

143

9. Granger 3 sorts

10. Baumann 1 '"'

11. Jamain 2

12. Liabaud 2

13. Leveque 3

14. Turner 3

15. Laxton 3

IG. Ducher 1

17. Gautrean 1

18. Ward 1

19. Cranston 1

20. Rambanx 1

21. Postans 1

22. Damaizin 1

23. Gar9on 1

24. Davis 1

25. C. Fontaine 1

It is to be noted that Tea Koses, in the elec-
tion, play an unimportant part, as in England
they are mostly grown under glass, and for exhi-
bition purposes are only to be had in small quan-
tities. Some voters did not consider the Teas at
all, confining their votes to hardy varieties, doing
this on account of the radical differences which
exist between the two classes. This has an im-

68 votes

67

64

63

5Y

43

40

36

34

34

28

26

22

20

15

11

10

144 THE ROSE.

portant bearing in estimating the comparative
standing of the various growers ; thus, Ducher's
forte has been the production of fine Tea Roses,
and this last list does not give him his just posi-
tion. We must consider it therefore from the
standpoint of hardy exhibition varieties ; in
doing this, we find an interesting impartial com-
parison. Seven raisers named in our list find no
representation in the election list, these are
Sprunt, Nabonnand, Ledechaux, Charles Ver-
dier, Yigneron, Margottin fils, and Oger. We
believe our own list to more correctly represent
the comparative merit of the various producers
of new roses ; but the latter, as has been said, is
certainly impartial, and is the more gladly in-
serted, to show that we have no bias that influ-
enced us in our arrangement.

CHAPTER XIIL

THE SEED PARENTS OF THE LEADING ROSES.

My information, whenever possible, has been
obtained from the raisers themselves ; there may
be som.e few inaccuracies, but great pains have
been taken to make the list as comprehensive and
correct as possible. It will be observed that
General Jacqueminot, Jules Margottin, and Vic-
tor Verdier, have been the most used as parent
sorts. AVliile I hope this hst will be of general
interest, it will, I am sure, be of value to those
engaged in raising new varieties. Some few of
the varieties are crosses from two known sorts,
but only the female parent is given ; this is the
ease w^ith all the Hybrid Teas of Bennett ; the
full parentage of these kinds may be found in
the catalogue of varieties. It must not be in-
ferred that all the varieties that bear seed freely
are included in this list ; on the contrary, some
of the most productive have no representation —
such are Baron Chaurand, Jean Cherpin, Dr. de

146 THE JIOSE.

Clialus, Thomas Mills ; while Victor Verdier
and Giant of Battles, which seem to seed freely
in Lyons, France, rarely bring seed to perfection
in Rochester.

Alha Rosea (Tea). — Beauty of Stapleford (Ily.
Tea), Nancy Lee (Hy. Tea).

Anne de Diesbach, — Princess Marie Dolgo-
rouky.

Annie Wood, — Edward Dufour.

Antoine Ditcher. — Edward Pynaert, Ernest
Prince, John Sanl.

Baroness Hothschild, — Marie Louise Pernet.

Baron de Bonstetten, — Jean Liabaud.

Beanty of Waltham, — John Stuart Mill, Mas-
terpiece.

Catherine Mermet (Tea). — Jules Finger.

Charles Lefebvre, — General Yon Moltke, Glory
of Cheshunt, Harrison Weir, Henry Ben-
nett, Jean Soupert, Mme. Anna de Beso-
brasoff , Mrs. Harry Turner, President Leon
de St. Jean, Eev. W. H. Stomers, Souvenir
du Dr. Jamain, W. Wilson Saunders.

Cloth of Gold (Noisette). — Isabella Gray, Mme.
Miolan Carvalho.

SEED PARENTS OF LEADING KOSKS. 147

Comtesse de La Barthe (Tea). — Countess Riza
du Pare, Mme. Joseph Schwartz.

Countess of Oxford, — Dumnacus, Mme. Bruel.

JDevoniensis (Tea). — Corneh'a Koch, Madame
Welche.

Duchess of Sutherland. — Ehzabeth Vigneron,
Princess M. of Cambridge, Thyra Hamme-
rich.

Duchess of Edinburgh (Bengal or Tea). — Al-
phonse Karr.

DuTce of Edinburgh, — Doctor Hooker, Duke of
Teck, Robert Marnock, S. Reynolds Hole,
Sultan of Zanzibar, The Shah.

General Jacqueminot. — Alfred Colomb, Alfred
de Eougemont, Andre Leroy, Baron de
Rothschild, Camille Bernardin, Charles Le-
febvre, Duke of Edinburgh, Dupuy Jamain,
Gloire de Santhenay, Horace Vernet, Le
Rhone, Leopold Premier, Louis Chaix, Mau-
rice Bernardin, Oriflamme de St. Louis,
Prince Arthur, Richard Smitli, Senateur
Vaisse, Triomphe des Beaux Arts, Xavier
Olibo.

Giant of Battles. — Abbe Bramerel, Arthur de
Sansal, Cardinal Patrizzi, Empereur de Ma-

148 THE ROSE.

roc, Eugene Appert, Eveque de Nimes,
Lord Raglan, Louis Chaix, Mrs. Standisli,
Vainqueur de Solferino.

Gloire de Dijon (Tea). — Antonia Decarli, Beau-
te de FEurope, Belle Lyonnaise, Gloire de
Bordeaux, Jean Lortliois, Mme. Berard,
Mme. Levet, Mme. Trifle, Marie Berton,
Matliilde Lenserts, Miss Mav Paul, Reine
Maria Pia, Stephanie et Podolphe.

John IIop][>e7\ — K.mhxogiO Maggi.

Jules Margottin, — Abel Grand, Achille Gonod,
Bertlie Baron, Boieldieu, Charles Margottin,
Claude Bernard, Duchess of Vallombrosa,
Edward Morren, Egeria, Emily Laxton,
John Hopper, Madame Gabriel Luizet, Ma-
dame Lacharme, Marchioness of Exeter, Mar-
guerite de St. Amande, Marquise de Morte-
mart, Monsieur Noman, Paeonia, Peach
Blossom, Violette Bouyer.

La Reine, — Anne de Diesbach, Auguste Mie,
Francois Michelon, Gloire de Vitry, Louise
Peyronny, Marguerite Dombrain, Mere de
St. Louis, Reine des Blanches, Reine du
Midi, Souvenir de la Reine d'Angleterre,
Ville de St. Denis.

SEED PARENTS OF LEADIKG ROSES. 149

Lamarqite (Noisette). — Cloth of Gold, La Jon-
quille (Tea), Le Pactole, Solfaterre, Tri-
omphe de Kennes.

Lion des Combats, — A. M. Ampere.

Louise Odier (Bourbon). — Catherine Guillot,
Comtesse de Barbantanne, Modele de Per-
fection.

Madame Bouton, — Madame Marthe d'Halloy.

Madame Charles Wood, — Giiillaume Gillemont.

Madame de Tartas (Tea). — Baron Alexander de
Vrints, Marie Van Houtte.

Madame de St, Joseph (Tea). — Hon. George
Bancroft (Hy. Tea).

Madame Falcot (Tea). — Madame Azelie Imbert,
Madame Bernard, Mile. Blanche Dur-
schmudt.

Madame Julie Daran, — Charles Darwin.

Madame Laffay. — Marquise A. de Murinais.

Madame Recamier. — Eliza Boelle, Madame No-
man.

Madame Victor Verdier, — Comte de Flandres,
Mrs. Laxton, Souvenir de Spa.

Madame Vidot, — Princess Louise.

Marguerite de St, Amande, — Miss PLissard.

Marie Rady.--^x^, Jowitt.

150 THE ROSE.

Ophirie (Noisette). — Duarte d'Oliviera, Ma Ca-
pucine, Souvenir de Paul Neyron.

Paid Neyron, — George Moreau, Ulrich Brun-
ner.

President (Tea). — Duchess of Connaught, Duch-
ess of Westminster, Duke of Connaught,
Jean Sisley, Michael Saunders, Pearl, Yis-
countess Falmouth. These are all Hybrids,
raised by Bennett.

Safrano (Tea). — Madame Cliarles, Madame Fal-
cot, Safrano a fleur rouge.

Senateur Yaisse, — Anicet Bourgeois, Madame
Adelaide Cote.

Solfaterre (Noisette). — • America, Caroline
Schmitt

Souvenir de la Peine d^ Angleterre. — Mdlle.
Emma Hall, Monsieur Jules Monges.

Souvenir de la Peine des Beiges. — Madame
Crassy.

Triomphe des Beaux Arts. — Empress of India.

Triomphe de V Exposition. — General Washing-
ton, Marechal Forey, President Mas, Madame
Jules Grevy.

Victor Verdier. — Andre Dunand, Captain Chris-
ty, Charles Verdier, Countess of Oxford,

SEED PARENTS OF LEADING ROSES. 151

Etienne Levet, Helen Paul, Ilippolyte Ja-
main, Julius Finger, Madame Devert, Ma-
dame George Schwartz, Madame Marie
Bianchi, Mademoiselle Eugenie Verdier,
Mademoiselle Marie Cointet, Marie Finger,
Maxime de la Roclieterie, Mrs. Baker, Ox-
onian, Paul Neyron, President Thiers, Sou-
venir de President Porcher.
Yellow T^(2. — Devoniensis.

CHAPTER XIY.

PERMANENT COLORS — TOO - MUCH - ALIKE
ROSES. HOW TO DISTINGUISH BETWEEN
SIMILAR VARIETIES.

Among the many desirable qualities which we
should look for in our best roses, permanency of
color is not the least important. I have refer-
ence more particularly to the Remontant or
Hybrid Perpetual varieties ; but my remarks
will also apply to the other classes, though per-
haps in less degree. It has no doubt often been
noticed how diflEerently the various varieties of
roses will impress us in different seasons ; that is,
a kind which excites our highest admiration one
year may more or less disappoint us the next.
This arises from various causes, but chief among
them is the variation in color produced by differ-
ent conditions of sunlight, heat, moisture, etc.
To know what are the most permanent colors
among the innumerable varieties found in the
catalogues becomes, therefore, a matter of con-

PERMANE]S"T COLORS, ETC. 153

siderable importance, enabling us to place in fa-
vored situations those sorts easily affected by these
several conditions, and, if necessary, giving posi-
tions exposed to the direct rays of the sun to those
varieties which have proved best able to endure
them. The most severe ordeal which tries the
color of a rose is an excess of moisture followed
by a hot sun. Exposed to these conditions
many of our choicest sorts, of which Charles
Lefebvre and Countess of Oxford are notable
examples, lose their pristine brilliancy or purity,
and become lamentably faded and suUied.
Others, like Louis Van Houtte and Marie Bau-
mann, are under such circumstances much less
injured, and though losing some of their origi-
nal freshness still remain exceedingly attractive.
Dark roses are, as a rule, the first to fade ; their
glory passes away very much sooner than is the
case with the rose-colored varieties and those of
hght shades. Among the crimson sorts we have
observed none which retains its color so well as
Louis Van Houtte ; this quality, combined with
fine form, fragrance, and freedom of bloom,
place it at the head of all crimson-maroon roses.
Varieties of somewhat lighter shade that rank

154 THE ROSE.

higli for permanency of color are, General Jac-
queminot, Charles Margottin, Marie Baumann,
Alfred Colomb. Among the shades of rose that
are most durable, we find Marquise de Castellane,
Rev. J. B. Camm, Madame Louis Leveque,
Marguerite de St. Amande, Jules Margottin.

From the pink sorts we choose Eugenie Ver-
dier, Egeria, Monsieur Neman, Baroness Roth-
schild, Captain Christy, Countess of Serenye.

Among roses that fade quickly when exposed
to the adverse influences spoken of, are found
many of our most beautiful varieties ; by taking
pains to place these in the raost favored locations
we can aid in retaining the natural shades, and
thus greatly enhance the value of each kind. All
of the Victor Verdier type, except the light ones
like Eugenie Verdier ; all of the Giant of Battles
type, all of the Duke of Edinburgh type, all of
the Charles Lefebvre family, Dr. Andry, Gloire
de Ducher, Madame de Ridder, Andre Dunand,
Camille Bernardin, Jean Cher pin, Madame Na-
chury, Emilie Ilausburgh, are examples of beauti-
ful but non-permanent colors.

Sykonomous, or too-much-alike Roses. — A
drawback to the purchase of new varieties is the

PERMANE^^T COLORS/ ETC. 155

knowledge, gained from past experience, that a
largo number of those sent out as new sorts are
not sufficiently distinct from known varieties to
prove of any value. This is notably the case
with the French roses. In England, more care
has been exercised in disseminating new kinds
than in France, and in ordering English roses we
can do so with some confidence that they will at
least be distinct. Before enlarging our already
cumbersome list of varieties, we think it of great
importance to thoroughly sift the sorts now com-
monly grown, and where two or more varieties
bear a strong resemblance to each other in the
appear ance of the flowers^ to reject the inferior
kinds. As roses which are synonomous, or too
nmch alike, as regards the form and color of the
flowers, we note the following kinds :

Hybrid Rer^iontant,

Alfred Colomb and Wilhelm Koelle.
Anne de Diesbach and Gloire de Paris.
Auguste Mie, Mme. Rival, and Blanche de

Beaulieu.
Baron de Bonstetten and Baron Chaurand.
Boieldieu and Mme. Boll.

156 THE ROSE.

Charles Lefebvre and Marguerite Brassac.
Countess Cecile and William Griffith.
Coquette des Blanches, Baronne de Maynard,

Louise d'Arzens, Mrne. A. de Rougemont,

and Perfection des Blanches.
Egeria, Princess Mary of Cambridge, and

Peach Blossom.
^Eugenie Yerdier, Marie Finger, and Mme.

Louis Donadine.
"^E. Y. Teas, Senateur Yaisse, and Frangois

Fontaine.
General Jacqueminot, La Brillante, Triomphe

d'Amiens, Triomphe de Beaute, and Eich-

ard Smith.
General Washington and President Lincoln.
^Hippolyte Jamain, Etienne Levet, and Presi-
dent Thiers.
La Reine and Reine du Midi.
La Rosiere, Prince Camille, Edouard Dufour,

and Souvenir d'Auguste Riviere.
Louise Peyronny and Laelia.
Lyonnaise, Mme. George Schwartz, and Mile.

F. de la Forest.
Madame Boutin and Christine Nilsson.
Madame Jolv and Michael Bonnet.

PERMANENT COLORS/ ETC. 157

Mareclial YaiUant, Avocat Duvivier, and
Pourpre d' Orleans.

* Maurice Bernardin, Exposition deBrie, Fer-
dinand de LessepSj and Sir Garnet Wolseley,
Madame Nonian and Mile. Bonnaire.

Mrs. Standisli, Cardinal Patrizzi, and Vain-
queur de Solferino.

Miss Hassard, Elizabeth Vigneron, Duchess of
Edinburgh, and Duchesse de Vallombrosa.

Portland Blanche and Blanche Yibert.

Souvenir de la Peine des Beiges, and Prince
Albert.

Tea Roses,

Adam and President.

Bon Silene and Goubault.

Bougere and Clothilde.

Caroline and Victoria Modeste.

Elise Sauvage and L'Enfant Trouve.

Gloire de Dijon, Antonia Decarli, and Mme.

Levet.
Le Pactole, Louise de Savoie, and Marechal

Beauregard.
"^ Madame Bravy, Alba Rosea, and Mme.

Sertat.

158 THE ROSE.

Madame Frangois Janin and Mile. Lazarine

Poizean.
Madame Joseph Halphen, Bella, Isabella,

Pauline Plantier, and Arch- Duchess Therese

Isabelle.
Madame Maurin and Madame Denis.
Marie Guillot and Triomphe de Milan.
Narcisse and Enfant de Lyon.
^ Niphetos and Mathilde.
Perle des Jardins and Perle de Lyon.
Safrano and Madame Charles.
Souvenir d'un Ami and Queen Victoria.

Hybrid Climbing,

Fortune's Yellow and Beauty of Glazenwood.

Bourbon.

Appolline and Pierre de St. Cyr.

Catherine Guillot and Michael Bonnet.

George Peabody, Comice de Tarn -et- Garonne,
Dr. Berthet, Dr. Lepretre, Ferdinand
Deppe, General Blanchard, Geo. Cuvier,
Jupiter, Omar Pacha, Proserpine, and
Souvenir de P Exposition.

Hermosa, Armosa, Mme. Neumann, and
Setina.

PERMANENT COLORS, ETC, 159

Louise Odier and Madame de Stella.
'^' Marechal Villars and Belle Isadore.
Paul Joseph and Charles Martel.
Phoenix and Yebles.

bengal.

Agrippina, Cramoisi-Superieur, and Eblouis-

sante.
Antheros, Buret, Louis Philippe, President

d'Olbecque, Prince Eugene, Purple Crown,

and Triumphant.

Noisette,

Champney's Pink Cluster, Belle Marseillaise,

and Miss Glegg.
Cloth of Gold and Chromatella.
Eugene Pirolle and Admiral Rigney.
Fellenberg and Beauty of Greenmount.
Isabella Gray and Jane Hardy.
Lamarque and Jeanne d'Arc.
Solfaterre and Augusta.

Moss.

William Lobb and Duchesse d' Ystrie.
Gracilis, Prolific, and Charles Morel.
Oscar Le Clerc and Madame Bouton.

160 THE ROSE.

Many of these roses are identical in all respects
save name ; the others are certainly too much
alike to be grown, even in the largest collec-
tions ; for though there may exist some consider-
able difference in the habit of growth of a few of
those coupled together, the distinction between
the flowers is exceedingly slight, such as can be
observed by experts only. I have in every case
placed first the variety which seems on the whole
the most worthy of being retained ; in a few
instances I have found it difficult to make a deci-
sion, this is where an asterisk (^) is prefixed to the
name. In all these cases {^') we shall make fur-
ther study of the slight differences whicli exist
between the varieties so as to determine the best ;
we hope to have the aid of others in this matter.

How TO DISTINGUISH Va:bieties. — Old rosa-
rians may need no instruction in this matter, but
we believe some useful hints may be given to
amateurs who find difficulty in ascertaining* the
difference which exists between varieties that re-
semble each other. The chief value of such
knowledge is in the power given of determining
what sorts should be retained as tlie best of their
type, and what rejected as similar but inferior to

PERMANENT COLORS, ETC. 161

them. The flower is naturally the first to claim
our attention ; observe first the color, second
the form, degree of fulness, and size, third the
fragrance. Next, examine the vigor and habit
of growth, whether the shoots are upright or
spreading; the joints between leaf-stalks, whether
close together (short joints), or widely separated
(long joints) ; the thorns, whether they be many
or few in number, their thickness, length, color,
whether straight or hooked ; the leaf -stalks and
foliage, whether the leaflets be flve, seven, nine,
or eleven in number ; the color of the foliage
and bark, sometimes dark green, sometimes pale,
occasionally brown or red ; further, whether the
leaves be small or large, round or long, indented
or regular, glaucous and smooth, or curled and
rough. Then also we have to consider the pro-
ductiveness and continuity of bloom, and the
•hardiness of the plant. A year ago I made the
discovery of a face which has an important bear-
ing in this matter. The majority of Hybrid
Remontant Roses have five leaflets, though quite
a number of kinds in the class are freely fur-
nished with seven. My ^discovery was this : All
Hybrid Remontant Roses that have seven leaflets

162 THE ROSE.

are liglit-colored sorts, rose-color, pink, etc.
Excepting A. Geoffrey St. Hilaire there is no
red or crimson Remontant having seven leaflets ;
by this I do not mean that a leaf -stalk of a red or
crimson sort is never furnished with more than
five leaflets ; isolated cases can be observed
where seven leaflets are found, just as four and
five leaved clover-stalks now and then come to
notice.

As a practical illustration of our comments on
how to distinguish between similar varieties, we
invite the amateur to study and compare Alfred
Colomb, Marie Baumann, and Marie Rady ; three
of our best roses, sorts which have many qualities
in common, so much so that the inexperienced,
when first observing them together, might pro-
nounce them the same rose. But the expert at
once sees distinctive traits that separate one from
the other, he notices that Alfred Colomb is the
darkest in shade of the three, that it has a more
globular, pointed bud and flower than Marie
Baumann ; that the wood is much more smooth
than the others ; that late in the season the flow-
ers have more substance and are of better quality
than Marie Baumann. So, early in the year, he

PERMANENT COLORS, ETC. 163

would select Marie Baumami or Marie Rady as
in a degree the most beautiful ; the former more
circular and symmetrical, if possible, than Alfred
Colomb ; the latter with more substance, and
better filled out. And, so continuing the exami-
nation, it is found that these roses are sufficiently
distinct, one from the other, both in flower and
habit, to make the presence of all three most de-
sirable in all choice collections. Now take up
Maurice Bernardin and its near relatives. Yery
close and minute examinations enable us to de-
tect variations in one way and another, but these
variations are so slight that we come to the de-
cision that one name will answer for all. It
takes close and continued observe;. tion to deter-
mine which is most w^orthy of retention. The
choice in this case certainly lies between Maurice
Bernardin and Ferdinand de Lesseps. Sir Gar-
net Wolseley has been thought a trifle fuller and
of higher finish than the others, but it is less pro-
ductive and more tender. A study of the other
varieties coupled together as synonomous or too
much alike, will develop similar conclusions.

CHAPTER XV.

TYPICAL ROSES. CHARACTERISTICS WHICH
ARE COMMON TO CERTAIN VARIETIES IN
DIFFERENT CLASSES.

To know the peculiarities wliicli pertain to
certain families of Hybrid Remontant and other
roses, would be advantageous to different people
in many ways. There are some types, such as
La Reine, Jules Margottin, Victor Verdier,
and Giant of Battles families, which are quite
marked in their characteristics. If all new roses
were classified or described as being of such and
such origin, or as belonging to a certain class, it
would be of great value. The nurseryman is
unwilling, with some exceptions, to undertake
the propagation of a kind which will not root
and grow freely ; he also desires such as are of
healthy habit and good constitution, in addition
to excellence in color and form of flower. The
amateur, perhaps, would not knowingly purchase
a variety devoid of fragrance, or one which is

TYPICAL ROSES.- 1G5

not a free antuinnal bloomer. The florist would
require that a variety should be of steadfast
color, one that does not quickly fade ; or that it
should be useful to force, yielding flowers in
abundance, etc. If, therefore, new roses were
described as belonging to the La Reine or Victor
Verdier type, we should have some very impor-
tant knowledge of their qualities, since these roses
have imparted to their progeny certain distinct
attributes by which they may readily be distin-
guished from others. A consideration of the
different prominent types found among Hybrid
Remontant and other classes of roses may be
studied with interest and profit.

Baronne Prevost Type. — The year 1842
ushered in to rosarians what is now the oldest
type of roses in the class, viz., Baronne Pre-
vost. It is not a numerous family, and is also of
less importance to us than many of the others,
but we can well imagine what pleasure it gave,
in years gone by, to the rosarians of the day.
This type makes long, stout shoots, fortified with
red thorns of unequal length, but generally
short ; foliage rather oval, somewhat crimpled ;
flowers large, or very large, of flat shape, very

1G6 THE ROSE.

full, fragrant, of some shade of rose. It is the
most hardy type we have. The varieties com-
monly grown are Boieldieii, Colonel de Koiige-
mont, Madame Boll, Oderic Vital. They are
all free bloomers in autumn.

La Reine Type. — In 1844, Laffay introduced
what he loyally named Rose of the Queen (Rose
de la Reine). This variety bore royal sway for
many years ; it not only still sells well and is to
be considered a useful rose, but it should also
have our esteem as being the parent of a most
useful family. The wood is light green, fur-
nished with occasional thorns ; of strong growth;
foliage pale green and crimpled.* Flowers vari-
ous shades of rose, generally of semi-globular
form, large, somewhat fragrant ; free in the
autumn ; quite hardy, enduring more cold than
any of the other families except Baronne Pre vest.
The leading sorts arc : Anne de Diesbach,
Antoine Moutin, Auguste Mie, Belle Normande,
Francois Michelon, Gloire de Yitry, Laelia,
Louise Peyronny, Madame Alice Dureau, Mme.
"Nachury, Paul ITeyron, Reine du Midi, Ville de
St. Denis.

Giant or Battles Type. — The founder of

TYPICAL ROSES. 167

this family was introduced by Nerard in 1846,
and doubtless lias Bourbon blood in its veins.
Tlie colors are various shadings of crimson, very
rich and effective when in perfection, but very
fleeting ; the sun soon gives them a muddy hue.
The flowers are well shaped, but small, and have
slight fragrance ; they are very freely produced
in the spring and summer months, but, as a
rule, not in the autumn. The shoots are of
moderate or short growth, short jointed, erect,
very stiff, and covered with very numerous red-
dish thorns. The foliage is of lustrous dark
green, very subject to mildew. They are diffi-
cult to propagate from cuttings, and liable to in-
jury from frost. The leading sorts are : Arthur
de Sansal, Cardinal Patrizzi, Crimson Bedder,
Empereur de Maroc, Eugene Appert, fiveque de
Nimes, Lord Raglan, Louis Chaix, Mrs. Stand-
ish, Yainqueur de Solferino.

General Jacqueminot Type. — In 1852, the
head of what is now considered the most valu-
able type made his bow to an admiring world ;
clad in rich crimson livery he still commands re-
spect and admiration, and marshalled under his
generalship is the army of dark roses which so

1G8 THE ROSE.

excite and please onr senses by their charms and
lovehness. This family probably originated
from the old Hybrid China Gloire des Roso-
manes ; they are moderately hardy, but less so
than those of the Baronne Prevost, Jules Mar-
gottin and La Reine types. The flowers are in-
variably shades of red and crimson, generally
high perfumed, freely produced in the spring,
but varying greatly as to their autumnal bloom.
As a family they are much more shy in the
autumn than any of the others.

The shoots are of vigorous growth, not very
thick, generally upright, with quite numerous
light green spines ; the foliage handsome, rather
pointed. It is now the most numerous of the
families, popular taste demanding crimson roses
and those of dark shades. Leading varieties of
the type are : Beauty of Waltham, Camille Ber-
nardin, Dupuy Jamain, Leopold Premier, Marie
Baumann, Marie Rady, Maurice Bernardin,
Pierre Netting, Prince Arthur. There are also
Charles Lefebv^re, Alfred Colomb, Duke of
Edinburgh, Prince Camille, and Senateur
Yaisse, which are supposed to be seedlings of
Jacqueminot, but they cluster about them other

TYPICAL roses: 169

varieties of the family, and are worthy of sepa-
rate mention and consideration.

Victor Yerdier Type. — The head of this
family originated with Lacharme, of Lyons, and
was sent out by him in 1852. It is doubtless
from one of the La Reine type crossed with
some monthly rose, probably a Bourbon. The
descendants are very numerous, and in spite of
their rather tender habits form a valuable group,
being the most free flowering of them all ; had
they but fragrance they would be unrivalled ;
but, alas ! they are devoid of scent, and there-
fore cannot rank as high as the others. Fine
feathers alone do not constitute fine birds, and
surely fragrance is to the rose what song is to
the bird. The shoots are of moderate growth,
stout, upright, nearly smooth, of a reddish green,
with an occasional reddish thorn ; the foliage is
very large, of a deep lustrous green, very attrac-
tive. The flowers are large, well built up ;
generally shades of rose and pink prevail. It is
the best adapted for forcing in winter of all the
families.

The leading varieties grown are Andre Du-
nand, Captain Christy, Charles Verdier, Countess

170 THE KOSE.

of Oxford, Etienne Level, Hippolyte Jamain,
Julius Finger, Mme. Geo. Schwartz, Mme. De-
vert, Mme. Eugene Chambeyran, Mme. Louis
Donadine, Mme. Maxime de la Rocheterie,
Mile Eugem'e Yerdier, Marie Cointet, Marie
Finger, Mrs. Baker, Oxonian (somewhat fra-
grant). President Thiers, Pride of Waltham,
Rosy Morn, Souvenir de President Porcher.

Jules Makgottin Tyf»e. — Li 1853 Jules Mar-
gottin, of Bourg-la-Reine, near Paris, sent out
a fine rose, which he called after himself ; though
he has been raising seedling roses ever since,
none of them have quite come up to this in
worth. Wood, light green ; sharp, red thorns,
somewhat numerous ; shoots rather stout and
generally of vigorous growth. Crimpled foliage.
Flowers of large size, very full, somewhat flat
shape, mostly shades of rose and carmine, almost
without perfume ; generally free in the autumn.
They are very hardy ; as a rule difficult of prop-
agation from cuttings, but making very vigorous
23lants when budded.

Abel Grand, Achille Gonod, Bessie Johnson
(quite fragrant), Claude Bernard, Countess of
Serenye, Duchesse de Yallombrosa, Edward

TYPICAL KOSES. 171

MoiTen, Egeria, Emily Laxton, Joliii Hopper,
Magna Charta, Madame Gabriel Liiizet, Madame
Lacharme, Madame Louis Leveque, Mademoiselle
Therese Levet, Marchioness of Exeter, Margue-
rite de St. Amande, Marquise de Castellane, Miss
Ilassard (scented), Monsieur Noman, Paeonia,
Peach Blossom, Princess Mary of Cambridge,
Rev. J. B. Camm (very sweet), are the leading
sorts.

Senateur Yaisse Type. — Senateur Yaisse was
introduced in 1859. In this family we find what
are perhaps tlie most perfectly formed flowers.
The varieties are of moderate growth, with
smoother wood than most dark roses ; the foliage,
too, is more round and of a deeper green.
Anicet Bourgeois (new), E. Y. Teas, Madame
Adelaide Cote (new), Madame Yictor Yerdier,
and Mrs. Laxton are members of this group.

Charles Lefebvre Type. — Lacharme intro-
duced Charles Lefebvre in 1861. He believes that
it is the result of a cross (I infer by natural
agencies) between Yictor Yerdier and General
Jacqueminot ; it certainly shows many of the
characteristics of these two sorts. The wood and
foliage are light green ; occasionally armed with

172 THE ROSE.

pale red tliorns, but as a rule the wood is very
smooth. The flowers are more waving in out-
line than any of the other families ; the habit of
growth is free, intermediate between Victor
Verdier and General Jacqueminot. Glory of
Cheshunt, Harrison Weir, Henry Bennett,
Madame Anna de Besobrasoff, Marguerite Bras-
sac, Paul Jamain, President Leon de St. Jean,
and W, "Wilson Saunders are marked members
of this type. Dr. Andry, Horace Vernet, Lord
Macaulay, Mrs. Harry Turner, Rev. W. H.
Stomers and Souvenir du Dr. Jamain, also seem
to find a place in this group.

Prince Camille Type. — In 1861 E. Verdier
sent out Prince Camille de Rohan. In this type
we find the darkest, most velvety roses. It
would seem as though this family must have
been jDroduced by the blending of General Jac-
queminot with Giant of Battles. The varieties
are of vigorous or free growth ; the wood is
somewhat darker, the spines less numerous, the
habit more spreading than in those of the Jac-
queminot type. None of them bloom freely in
the autumn, but in the spring their wondrous
rich crimson shades gain more admirers than any

TYPICAL ROSES. 173

others. Baron Cliaurand, Baron de Bonstetten,
La Eosiere, Monsieur Boncenne, are prominent
members of this family. Abel Carriere, Jean
Liaband, Jean Sonpert, and Sonvenir d'Angnste
Riviere can also be classed with these ; thongh
they show more of the Giant of Battles character
than the former, and might therefore not inap-
propriately be jDlaced by themselves.

Alfred Colomb Type. — Alfred Colomb, sent
out in 1865, has a somewhat similar habit of
growth to General Jacqneminot, bnt the thorns
are much less numerous, and with a more yellow
hue ; the flowers are also fuller and more globu-
lar, and blossom nmch more abundantly. A. K.
Williams, Madame Alphonse Lavalle, and Wil-
helm Koelle, may be grouped under this head.

Duke of Edinburgh Type. — The only English
rose whicli is the head of a type was sent out by
George Paul in 1868. The habit of growth is
much like that of Jacqueminot, but the foliage
is generally longer and larger. The flowers are
not permanent in color, burning very quickly in
the sun, and are very S23arsely produced in the
autumn. It is a very beautiful family when
grown in a moist, cool climate ; but there are

17^1: THE ROSE.

few of the members that will do well under
om- hot sun. The varieties best known, mostly
of recent origin, are : Brightness of Cheshunt,
Dr. Hooker, Duke of Connaught, Duke of Teck,
Robert Marnock, S. Reynolds Hole, Sultan of
Zanzibar, The Shah.

All of the types described above belong to the
Hybrid Remontant Class of Roses. Among the
Hybrid Noisettes we find two types, the first is
the—

Mademoiselle Bonnaire Type. — The flowers
are of medium size, and of circular, very beauti-
ful form. The growth is moderate, or dwarf.
The foliage is rather small and somewhat crim-
pled ; the wood light green, fortified with
numerous small spines. Though devoid of fra-
grance, these are our most charming white roses;
the flowers are freely produced throughout June
and the summer months. The varieties belong-
ing to the type are Eliza Boelle, Madame I^o-
man and Madame Oswald de Kerchove.

Madame A. de Rougemont Type. —The
varieties of this type differ greatly from those of
the preceding. The habit of growth is free or
vigorous ; the wood is smoother, the foliage

TYPICAL ROSES.' 175

more oval and glaucous, like tlie Bourbon roses ;
the flowers are even more freely produced than
those of the other type, but are inferior to them
in quality. The principal sorts are : Baronne de
Maynard, Coquette des Alpes, Coquette des
Blanches, Madame Auguste Perrin, Madame
Frangois Pittet, Perfection des Blanches.

Gloire de Dijon Type. — The head of this
family was sent out in 1853, and is the variety
from which most of the Climbing Teas have
sprung. Young plants of this type are often
difficult to start after being rooted from cuttings,
but when well established grow luxuriantly. The
parentage of Gloire de Dijon is unknown, but 1
believe it must have originated from a natural
cross between some Bourbon and Noisette (Tea-
scented) Rose. The foliage shows much of the
Bourbon character ; the flowers are of globular
form, very large and full. Varieties belonging
to this type are Antonia Decarli, Belle Lyonnaise,
Gloire de Bordeaux, Jean Lorthois, Madame
Berard, Madame Trifle, Marie Berton.

These types are about all that are really dis-
tinct ; among the Hybrid Teas it is likely that
a separation into groups will be desirable at some

176 THE ROSE.

time in the future, as this is destined to be an
increasing class ; but at the present time La
France represents the class in a sufficiently dis-
tinct way. The Teas niight be arranged in
family groups, but this is a task which I shall
not attempt until some other time ; it would be
a division less useful than those given.

CHAPTER XVI.

RAISING NEW VARIETIES.

New Roses occasionally come as sports, but
the only method depended upon for their pro-
duction is sowing seed. Roses of the past have,
for the most part, been the product of nature un-
aided by the hand of man. The common prac-
tice has been to gather the seed, without even
keeping the varieties separate, and to sow it pro-
miscuously. There are a few instances recorded
where artificial crossings have been resorted to,
with successful results, but the number of such
operators has been very limited. It is a well-
known fact that most fruits and flowers seldom
reproduce themselves with exactness from seed ;
there is often a close resemblance, yet some di-
vergence from the original. Nature is constantly
struggling for variation ; even though the pistils
receive pollen from their own flower alone, this
law holds good ; but through the agencies of
wind, insects, etc., the pollen from one flower is
often carried to the pistils of another, and so

178 THE ROSE.

natural crossing or Jiybridization takes place.
Tims, by simply gathering and sowing the seeds
of one variety, like General Jacqueminot, it has
been possible to produce a large nmnber of dis-
tinct kinds of great value. This, as stated above,
has been the practice up to the present time, but
it is a practice on which we should no longer ex-
clusively depend ; on the contrarj^, for the roses
of the future we should mainly rely on artificial
crossing and hybridization, or, in other words, on
manual fecundation.

Laffay, who raised most of the Hybrid Re-
montants of value that were sent out previous
to 1850, is understood to have produced many,
or the most, of them, by crossing varieties of the
Bourbon Eose with the old crimson Rose du Roi.
Vibert, Hardy, and some other of the French
rosarians, are also credited \yith having produced
many of their most beautiful sorts by manual
fertilization, but as no record has been kept of
the varieties used as parents, the result of their
work is of no use to the hybridizer of the present
day further than it affords proof that definite
results are more certain from artificial than from
natural crosses.

RAISING KEW VARIETIES. 179

The following sorts are all claitned as the
result of artificial crossing ; the parentage will
be found in the catalogued list of varieties :
America, Baronne de Maynard, Captain Christy,
Harrison Weir, John Hopper, Jules Finger,
Julius Finger, Marie Van Houtte, Madame
Lacharme, Madame Oswald de Kerchove,
Madame Welche, Mrs. Jowitt, Mrs. Harry
Turner, Paul Neyron, Princess Mary of Cam-
bridge, Reine Marie Henriette, and the ten
Hybrid Teas sent out by Bennett.

To trace out the peculiarities of these kinds,
learning so far as possible what influence each
parent had in forming the qualities of the off
spring, would be an interesting, profitable study.
Thus, examining Paul Neyron, we find it has the
smooth wood, glaucous foliage, fulness of flower,
and tendency to winter-kill from the seed par-
ent, Victor Verdier. The vigor of growth and
size of flower are inherited from the fructifying
sort, Anne de Diesbach. In this examj)le it
will be seen that the influence of the parents has
been nearly equal in impressing their character-
istics. In other examples it will be found that
the influence of one parent has been far greater

180 THE ROSE.

than the other ; but I hold it as an axiom that, in
the case of any rose which is crossed by another
variety, the progeny will surely show traits per-
taining to both parents. Among men we find
great divergencies of character betw^een brothers
and sisters, yet it is observed they always hold
something in common which distinguishes them,
some link which connects one with another. It
is believed by some of the raisers w^ho have prac-
tised hybridization, or crossing of roses, that
seedlings of greater beauty are to be obtained
simply by selecting heps from naturally fertilized
flowers, than from those which have been arti-
ficially crossed ; that there are very many types
among roses wdiicli are all beautiful in their way,
but that when these are crossed, the varieties
which result will have coarsely formed flowers,
or be of weak constitution, etc. Such, I infer, is
the belief of Messrs. Laxton, William Paul, and
others of the English rosarians. With all defer-
ence to these gentlemen, whose experience cer-
tainly gives weight to their belief, I do not sub-
scribe to this opinion. T cannot but believe that
we are even more certain of obtaining flowers of
high finish from artificial than we are from nat-

RAISING NEW VARIETIES. 181

ural fertilization, if we will but pattern after
nature and carefully study the laws of cause and
effect.

Though there is a difference of opinion
respecting the quality and finish of the roses
likely to result from manual fecundation, all prac-
titioners admit that there is a certainty by this
method of obtaining a product distinctive in char-
acter, which is of itself a sufficient inducement
to encourage our best efforts in this line. But
the truth is, so few crossed roses have been
raised, compared to the number from natural
selection, that we hav^e learned very little about
the successes and failures that have attended the
operators in this field of study. Very few of
those who have engaged in this work have given
us any information that will be of use to those
who wish to experiment. It seems to me, the
lack of finish and delicate constitution, averred
to belong to varieties raised from artificial crosses,
comes from bringing together roses of different
types, too widely separated in character to blend
well. I believe roses belonging to the same type
will always cross with good results. Those who
wish to practice this art will do well^ therefore,

182 THE ROSE.

to begin with crossing varieties of the same
family ; the chapter on Typical Roses, which
precedes this, should be carefully perused as
bearing on this point.

In this connection it may be profitable for us
to consider briefly the result of Mr. Bennett's
labors in the hybridization of roses. Mr. Ben-
nett fertihzed the flowers of various Tea Roses
with the pollen of Hybrid Remontants, his
productions are therefore true hybrids, not
crosses merely, and they are classed as Hybrid
Teas. Ten of these hybrids have been raised
by Mr. Bennett. We would prefer to con-
sider sorts that have been longer in cultivation,
but there are none such. As a rule, the Bennett
Roses lack a vigorous and healthy constitution ;
the best of them., for out-door culture, is Michael
Saunders, raised from President fertilized by
Madame Victor Verdier. The parents of this
sort have comparatively smooth wood, and they
are not so widely separated in character as to
prevent the production of a healthy offspring.
Beauty of Stapleford, the second in point of
general usefulness, resulted from crossing Alba
Rosea by Countess of Oxford, both smooth-

RAISING NEW VARIETIES. 183

wooded kinds again, of similar vigor of growth.
Two objectionable qualities in this rose, a ten-
dency to fade quickly and a liability to mildew
badly, are inherited from Countess of Oxford.
Yet these are both roses likely to be esteemed
generally useful.

From Alba Rosea crossed by Edward Morren
came Nancy Lee, an exquisite little rose, with
lovely buds, but in habit of growth so dwarf and
delicate that our commiseration is excited along
with our regard. Dachess of Westminster and
Pearl are others of the same class, which are the
result of crossing varieties very widely separated
in habit of growth, and none of the progeny
have constitutions of any vigor. In Duke of
Connaught we liave the offspring of President
crossed by Louis Van Iloutte ; both parents are
smooth-wooded sorts, but no nurseryman can,
by ordinary culture, grow from cuttings plants
of Louis Van Houtte that will be salable after
one season's growth. With such a parent we
cannot wonder that the propagation of good
plants of Duke of Connaught has been found so
tedious and discouraging by those who have un-
dertaken it. I understand that some of the New

184 THE KOSE.

Jersey florists are growing this variety with
profit, but this simply shows what great skill can
do, and does not prove that the variety will be
generally useful.

Jean Sisley and Hon. George Bancroft are two
others of Bennett's set which fade very quickly ;
besides this fault the former sort is very difficult
to open and w^e condemn it as utterly worthless ;
the latter variety, if grown so that the original
color is retained, will generally give satisfaction,
though many more malformed blooms are pro-
duced than w^e expect to see in a variety put
down as desirable.

Duchess of Connaught shows considerable re-
semblance to La France, and affords evidence
that La France must certainly be a Hybrid Tea.
It seems to me that the Duchess only differs
from La France in various ways, to be inferior
to it.

Now these Bennett Eoses, taken as a whole,
w^ould seem to strengthen the view of Messrs.
William Paul and Laxton, unless we carefully
consider the nature of the crosses that were made.
From what has been shown we think the infer-
ence may naturally be drawn, that in crossing

RAISING NEW VARIETIES. 185

roses we are likely to obtain satisfactory results
by blending varieties which have several charac-
teristic features in common. Thus, varieties of
the same type will be pretty certain to effect good
crosses ; as General Jacqueminot with Xavier
Ohbo, Fisher Holmes w^itli Baronne de Bonstet-
ten, Madame Victor Verdier with E. Y. Teas,
etc. By hybridizing, bringing Teas and Hybrid
Remontants together, we are much less sure of
obtaining new sorts of high finish and robust
constitution, but far more certain of procuring
kinds thoroughly distinct. The operator will
then do w^ell to bear this rule in mind : Crossing
va7'ieties of the same type vnll produce seedlings
of the hestform and finish y hlending sorts of
different types loill hring forth the most distinct
kinds. In order to gain knowledge, it is well to
practice both these extremes, but the best success
will probably follow where a mean course is pur-
sued.

This matter of cross fertilization of roses places
before us a vast field in which to study and ex-
periment ; and although w^e have so little to be
drawn from the past which may guide us, it
seems an attractive feature connected with it, the

186 THE ROSE.

fact of its being largely unexplored. We can
experience somewhat similar sensations to the
traveller who penetrates a new country, for
though he may not be the first to make discover-
ies, he can be among the first to chronicle results
and make the discoveries useful. It is still open
for investigators to learn and make known gen-
eral principles, which should guide us in raising
new roses. It will be a gratification for me to
know that I have contributed, in some measure
at least, to this result.

As few readers are likely to be familiar with
the mode of manual fecundation, I will briefly
explain what is my practice. The work is much
the easiest to manage under glass, for the reason
that insects are not there troublesome and we do
not have wind and rain to contend with. When-
ever possible, choose a clear day, and operate in
the morning, so that the flowers can be exposed
to the influence of the sun immediately after
they have been fertilized. The flower selected
for a female parent should have the stamens care-
fully removed by means of a fine pair of em-
broidery scissors, a few hours before the pollen
is ripe. Should the pollen be quite ripe, some of

RAISING NEW VARIETIES. 187

it is likely to have fallen on the pistils and a
perfect cross could not then be assured. If, on
the other hand, it be not nearly matured, the pis-
tils are not in proper condition to be fertilized.
In such a variety as General Jacqueminot, the
stamens should be removed three or four hours
before the flower would expand. The petals are
then to be gently pulled off, and the stamens cut
away'. The pollen is then applied to the pistils
by carrying to them the flower of the fertilizing
sort and gently rubbing them with the stamens
holding the pollen, so that the pistils are well
covered. If preferred, a fine camel's-hair brush
may be used for the purpose of applying the
pollen. The pollen must be quite ripe ; if it
does not attach itself readily to the brash it is
not yet in fit condition for use. Those varieties
which are not very double will give more pollen
and be better seed-bearers than the very full ones.
Kinds like Bon Silene, Safrano, Fisher Holmes,
Jean Cherpin, etc., will be found the most suit-
able for first experiments. If the operation is
carried on out of doors, it is desirable to cover
the flowers fertilized w^ith fine gauze, to prevent
the interference of insects. The insects are not

188 THE ROSE.

apt to go to flowers from wliich the petals have
been removed, but it is well not to depend on
this. The heps should not be gathered until
fully ripe, say after the first frost in October ;
they are then labelled and buried in pots of moist
sand. The pots must be covered w^ith glass or
something of the khid to keep out mice, who are
very fond of the pods. I allow the pods to re-
main in the sand till the first of January, they
are then broken open, the seed taken out, and
sown in boxes or pots. Tlie seeds commence
coming up three or four weeks after being plant-
ed. The seedlings appear with two leaves ; so
soon as they make a second growth they are
pricked out by a knife blade and planted in
small pots. They are very subject to mildew,
and many are apt to pass away from this cause.
In May they can be transplanted and put in open
ground, in rich, well-drained soil. If they do
well they can be left there over winter, of course
being protected, and allowed to remain for test-
ing. They commence to flower the second year,
but many of them show no signs of bloom until
the third or fourth year. Instead of planting
them out in open ground, some or all can remain

RAISING K£W VARIETIES. 189

in pots^ the plants being shifted from time to time
to pots of a larger size. One is apt to become
very impatient waiting for the seedlings to
flower ; the result can be hastened by taking
buds from them and inserting on some stock of
good growth. Many of the seedlings will pro-
duce flowers quite single ;' these plants are to be
at once rooted out. Now and then we may find
double flowers of good finish ; these are to be
compared with flowers of old varieties, which
they seem most to resemble, to ascertain whether
they are distinct sorts or only inferior imitations
of established favorites. It will often require
considerable moral courage to refrain from call-
ing our geese, swans. But if it is found, and ad-
mitted by general consent, that we have origi-
nated something both beautiful and distinct, ah,
what pride and satisfaction do we feel ! Surely,
there can be no more pleasing occupation for
those who love and grow roses, than by hybridiz-
ing and crossing artificially to engage in the art of
producing new varieties, aye, and not of new va-
rieties only, but of new types of roses now un-
known. ' " This is an art which does mend nature,
change it rather ; but the art itself is nature."

APPENDIX.

PUBLICATIOl^S OlS" THE ROSE.

In the preface to this book I stated my belief
that no compilation on the rose could ever be
considered complete and final. I have endeav-
ored to bring before those interested in the sub-
ject many points of interest which have been
ignored, or lightly touched upon, by authors of
kindred works ; 1 have also desired to present all
the information necessary to the successful culti-
vation of the rose, exemplified in different ways.
I feel, however, that it is but just to my readers,
and my brethren of the craft, to record those
publications w^hich are useful compilations on this
subject. First of all, and above all, let me rec-
ommend ''A Book about Eoses," by S. Rey-
nolds Hole ; Wm. Blackwood & Sons, publishers.
This book of 322 pages is a charming compilation
by a gifted writer, W'lio, though in one sense an
amateur, has perhaps done more to further the
growing of beautiful roses than any other man.

PUBLICATION'S ON THE ROSE. 191

No one has ever written on floricultural subjects
so lovingly, so attractively, as Canon Hole ; lie
is in this respect above and beyond all writers,
and his book is an adviser and companion that
no rosarian can afford to be without.

" The Rose Garden" is a large volume of 256
pages, by William Paul, Kent & Co. 23ublisliers.
This is a book prej>ared with care and contains
much of interest ; perhaps that which is most
valuable is the chapter on hybridizing.

^' The Amateur's Kose Book," by Shirley
Hibberd ; Grombridge & Sons, publishers ;
" The Rose Amateur's Guide," by Thomas
Rivers ; Longmans, Green & Co., publishers,
rank next in merit. " Roses and Rose Cult-
ure," by William Paul; '^ Cultural Directions
for the Rose," by John Cranston ; " Roses and
their Culture," by W. D. Prior, are other Eng-
lish works which may be added to the library of
any one interested in floricultural matters.

In the French language we have '' Les Roses,"
by Jamain and Forney, a work made expensive
by the use of gilt edges and colored illustrations,
we regret to say of dreadful character. A new
work in German, by Thomas Nietner, was pub-

193 THE ROSE.

lislied in 1880. This is the largest book on the
rose that I know of. It is illustrated with 106
woodcuts and 12 colored plates. The author de-
scribes 5007 varieties of roses. The colored
illustrations are very beautiful, on the whole,
but not all true to nature. In the names of
varieties the author often mixes the English,
French, and German languages very grotesque-
ly. There are many typographical and other
errors, but it is a book worth having if one is
willing to pay the price, which is of necessity
high,

American publications on the rose are : " The
Book of Roses," by Francis Parkman ; '^ Par-
sons on the Rose," by Samuel B, Parsons ;
" Prince's Manual of Roses," by W. R. Prince,
and '' The Rose Manual," by Itebert Buist. I
believe the last two named are out of print.

Of magazines and papers, which frequently
contain articles on the rose that are of interest,
• there are many. Those wliich give the most at-
tention to the subject are : T/ie Gardener^ s
Monthly^ published by Charles H. Marot, 814
Chestnut Street, Philadelphia. Price $2.10 per
year. The Americaoi Garden (monthly), pub-

PUBLICATIONS ON THE ROSE. 193

lished l)y B. K. Bliss & Sons, 34 Barclay Street,
New York. Price $1 per year. In England
there are, The Gardener'' s Chronicle^ published
by W. Richards, 41 Wellington Street, Strand,
London ; Journal of Horticidtitre^ pubhshed by
E. II. May, 171 Fleet Street, London ; The
Garden^ pubhshed by William Robinson, 37
Southampton Street, Covent Garden, London ;
The Gardener^ s Magazine^ published by Shirley
Hibberd, 4 Ave Maria Lane, London. All of
these are weekly papers. In France we find a
monthly magazine entitled Journal des Moses^
published by S. Cochet, a Suisnes, pres Brie-
Comte-Robert (Seine-et-Marne), France. The
last-named periodical is the only one devoted
exclusively to the rose.

CATALOGUE OF VARIETIES,

DESCRIBIKO ALL SORTS NOW IJS^ GENERAL
CULTIVATION.

A REGISTER of tliis nature cannot attain abso-
lute perfection, but I have been at great pains to
make it complete and accurate. As regards the
age of the different varieties and by whom sent
out, 1 have obtained iny information from the
raisers themselves, their catalogues, from various
liorticultural magazines and books, mostly
French, and from a few amateurs, who have in-
terested themselves in the subject. Among these
are Mons. Jean Sisley, whose monograph of the
roses raised at Lyons Jias been of vahiable ser-
vice. I believe this will be found much the
most reliable hst of the kind, but from seeing so
many inaccuracies in others of similar character
I know there must be some errors in this. Any
of my readers who may discover mistakes or mis-
statements of facts will greatly oblige by com-
municating with me, giving the authority which
they have. In the descriptions, the more popu-

CATALOGUE OF VARIETIES. 195

lar sorts are more fully treated tlian those not so
well known ; where a variety is described as
belonging to a type, a lengthy description is ren-
dered unnecessary and only the most distinctive
features are given. A familiarity with the con-
tents of Chapter XV. will therefore be a great
help to those who wish to gain a correct impres-
sion of the varieties here described.

In compiling this list the following method
has been determined on as the best. The name
of the variety is first given ; then, the habit of
growth ; next, in ruled column, letters which
show to what class the variety belongs ; then,
name of the raiser, and year when the rose was
sent out ; afterwards, the parentage, if known,
or type to which the sort may belong ; and, lastly,
the description. In case of synonyms, they are
placed in brackets after the accepted name. This
arrangement has been determined upon, after
much careful thought, as the best that can be
made. It is desirable to add the following, as an
explanation of the method used in describing
varieties :

Color — the prevailing shade in the most per-
fect development of the flower.

196 THE ROSE.

Size — small, from one to two inches in diame-
ter ; medium, from two to three inches in
diameter ; large, from three to four inches in
diameter ; very large, above four inches in
diameter.

Fulness — semi-double, with two to four rows
of petals ; double, having more than four rows
of petals, but the seed organs are shown when
the flower expands ; full, in which the expanded
flowers seldom show the stamens.

Form — cupped, the inner petals are shorter
than the outer ones, the latter stand erect and are
generally incurved ; globular, outer petals are
concave, often with convex edges, the petals
fold richly one about the other ; reflexed,
numerous petals, generally small, rising tier
above tier to the centre ; flat, the surface of the
flower is level and all the petals are exposed to
view — varieties of this kind are very full and
rarely are seed-bearers.

Abbreviations used, describing the habit of
growth :

Yig., Vigorous. — Those sorts wdiicli are most
luxuriant in growth.

Free. — Varieties which rank next in order, pro-

CATALOGUE OF VARIETIES. 197

ducing shoots somewhat shorter or less strong
than the first.

Mod., Moderate. —These kinds make a com-
pact growth, but do not produce long shoots.

Dwf., Dwarf. — These are the most delicate or
slow-growing sorts. Among hardy roses, those
marked diof. should, almost invariably, be bud-
ded.

It is to be noted that nearly all varieties which
have in them shades of lilac, violet, or purple
are very fleeting in color.

ABBREVIATIONS, DESCRIBING THE CLASSES TO WHICH
THE VARIETIES BELONG.

A. — Austrian.

Ay. — Ayrshire.

Bk. — Banksia.

B. — Bourbon.

B'lt.— Boursault.

CI. T.— Climbing Tea.

D am . — D amask .

Ev. — Evergreen.

Fr. — French.

H.Ch.— Hybrid China.

H.Cl.— Hybrid Climbing.

198

THE ROSE.

H.N. —Hybrid Noisette.
H.R. — Hybrid Remontant
H.T.— Hybrid Tea.
Mic. — Microphylla.
M.— Moss.
Mult.— Multiflora.
N.— Noisette.
P.M.— Perpetual Moss.
Pol. — Polyantlia.
P. — Prairie.
Prov. — Provence.
S.— Scotch.
T.— Tea Roses.

Name of VARiETi', and
Habit of Growth.

I. A. Geoifroy-St.-
Hilaire, mod.

2. A. M. Ampere.

3. Abbe Bramerel,

mod.

4. Abbe Girau-
dier.

Class.

H.R.

H.R.
H.R.

H.R.

E. Verdier, 1878. Red, with a
shade of crimson ; medium
size, full ; fine, circular form,
fragrant and free. Seed organs
well developed ; seven leaflets
are common, a great rarity
among dark varieties of this
class.

Liabaud, 1881. Raised from Z/^;/
des Co7nbats.

Guillot-fils, 1871. Raised from
Giant of Battles. Crimson,
shaaed with velvety purple.

Levet, 1869. Bright rose.

CATALOGUE OF VARIETIES.

199

Name of Variety, and
Habit of Growth,

5. Abbe Raynaud,
vig.

6. Abel Carriere,
mod.

7.

Abel Grand,
mod. or free.

H.R.

8.

Achille Gonod,
free.

HR.

9-

Acidalie, free.

B.

10.

Adam, mod.

{Syn.Piesident)

T.

II.

Admiral Nel-
son, vig.

H.R.

12.

Admiral Rig-
ney.

N.

13.

Adolphe Bro-
gniart, mod.

H.R.

14.

Adrienne Chris-
tophle, mod.

T.

15.

African Black,
mod.

Fr.

16.

A g r i p p i n a ,
mod.

Beng

{Syft. Crautoisi-Supe-

rietir.)

Guillot-fils, 1863. Large, car-
mine-rose flowers, not full
enough ; growth very rank.

E. Verdier, 1875. Velvety crim-
son, with fiery centre ; large,
full flowers, fragrant ; short
wood, sharp red spines ; shows
traces of Bourbon blood. A
rose of better form and finish
than most of the very dark
sorts. Shy in autumn.

Damaizin, 1865. Jiihs Margottht
type. Glossy rose, large and
full, fragrant ; unreliable as to
form, often the finest in au-
tumn.

Gonod, 1864. Raised from y^^/^j
Margottifi. Rosy-carmine.

Rousseau, 1837. Blush, often
white ; fragrant.

Adam, 1838. Salmon-rose, fra-
grant; esteemed for forcing.

Ducher, 1859. Bright crimson,
double, cupped form ; very
spiny, straggling growth ;
shows Bourbon origin.

See Eugene Pirolle.

Margottin, 1868. Carmine-red,
full, fragrant.

Guillot-fils, 1868. Apricot-yel-
low.

Dark crimson. Not valuable.

Introduced to England from Chi-
naini789. Rich crimson, spe-
cially valued for its fine buds.
A useful sort for bedding out
and for forcing. The best of
the class.

300

THE ROSE.

Name of Variety, and
Habit of Growth.

17. Aimee Vibert, N
free.

18. Aimee Vibert
Scandens, vig.

19. Alba C a r n ea,
free.

20. Alba Grandiflo-
ra, vig.

21. Alba Mutabilis,
free.

22. Alba Rosea,
free.

23. Alexandre Du-

titre.

24. Alexander Fon-
taine, vig.

25. Alexa n d r i n e
B a c h m e tiefF,
mod.

26. Alfred Colomb,
free.

N.

H.R.

Bk.
H.R.

T.

H.R.
H.R.
H.R.

H.R.

Vibert, 1828. Raised from Sevi-
p.rvirens Plena. Pure white,
small, double flowers, pro-
duced in large clusters ; seven
leaflets ; nearly hardy.

Curtis, 1841. A sport from the
above ; identical with the old
kind, except that it is of strong-
er growth. These pretty sorts
are both difficult to propagate
from cuttings.

Touvais, 1867. White, tinted
with rose ; foliage dark ; seven
leaflets are common.

Very small, full flowers, delicate-
ly scented.

E. Verdier, 1865. Pink, some-
times mottled, medium size,
double. Wood armed with
dark-brown thorns.

Sarter, 1855. See Madame Bravy.

Leveque, 1878. Bright rose.

Cherry-red ; mildews easily ; shy
bloomer.

Margottin, 1852. Cherry-red, ro-
sette shape, medium size ; fo-
liage dark ; wood armed with
pale red thorns.

Lacharme, 1865. Raised from
Genn^al Jacqueminot. Carmi ne-
crimson ; large, or very large,
full ; of fine, globular form, ex-
tremely fragrant ; green wood,
with occasional pale green
thorns, the foliage large and
handsome. A grand rose ; the
most useful, in its class, for
general cultivation.

CATALOGUE OF VARIETIES.

201

Name of Variety, and
Habit of Growth

27. Alfred de Dal
mas, free.

28. Alfred de Rou-
gemont, free.

29. Alfred K. Wil
Hams, mod.

30. Alfred Leveau.

31. Alice Dureau.

32. Alice Leroy,
mod. or free.

33. Aline S i s 1 ey ,
mod.

34. Alpaide de Ro-
talier, free.

35. Alphonse Da-
maizin, mod.

36. Alphonse Karr.

37. Alphonse Karr.

38. Alphonse Karr,
mod.

39. Alphonse Mor-
tlemans, mod.

P.M.

H.R.

H.R.

H.R.
H.R.

M.

H.R.
H.R.
H.R.
H.R.
B.

T.

Laffay, 1855. Pink, small flow-
ers, of poor quality ; the wood
is very thorny; straggling
habit.

Lacharme, 1863. Raised from
General Jacqueminot, Crimson-
magenta, very large, full, well
built, fragrant ; rather shy
bloomer.

Schwartz, 1877. Magenta-red,
shaded with crimson ; large,
full flowers, partly imbricated.
A very beautiful rose ; but, thus
far, not constant and reliable.

Vigneron, 1880. Carmine-rose.

Vigneron, 1867. Rosy-lilac, good
globular form.

Trouillard, 1842. Pink, semi-
double ; buds are not mossy.
Armed with very red spines.

Guillot-fils, 1874. Violet-rose,
not a clear shade ; a fruity,
pleasant fragrance.

Campy, 1863. Rose-color.

Damaizin, 1861. Bright crimson.

Portemer, 1845. Flesh color,
margined with carmine.

Feuillet, 1855. Bright rose, me-
dium size, full.

Nabonnand, 1878. Raised from
Duchess of Edi7tbu7'gh, Rosy
crimson. Sent out as a Tea ;
but, with its parent, is better
placed among the Bengals.
There is, as yet, no crimson ,
Tea.

Madame Ducher, 1875. Lilac-
rose.

202

THE KOSE.

Name of Variety, and
Habit of Growth.

40. Amabilis, free.

41. Amadis, vig.

( Crwi'ji Boursault. )

42. Amazone, mod.

43. Ambrogio Mag

44. Amelie Hoste.

45. America, vig.

46. American Ban-
ner, dvvf.

47. Andre Dunand,
mod.

48. Andre L e roy,
mod.

49. Anicet Bour-
geois.

50. Anna Alexieff.
free.

T.

H.R.
H.R.

H.R.
H.R.

Touvais. Flesh color, centre
rose ; habit, branching.

Laffay, 1829. Purplish crimson ;
semi-double.

Ducher, 1872. Yellow, reverse
of petals veined with rose ;
long, well-formed buds ; habit
delicate.

Pernet, 1879. liaised from John
Hoppei'. Bright rose.

Gonod, 1874. Pink, reverse of
petals darker.

C. G. Page, 1859. (Sent out by
T. G. Ward, of Washington.)
Raised from Solfaierre X ^^-
frano. Pale yellow, with fawn
centre ; large, full flowers ;
more shy than either parent.

G. Cartvvright, 1879. (Sent out
by Peter Henderson.) A sport
from Bon Silene. Carmine,
striped with white, semi-dou-
ble ; the flowers and foliage are
both small. Of no value except
as a curiosity.

Schwartz, 1871. Raised from Vic-
to7^ Verdier. Silvery rose ; fades
quickly and often opens badly.

Trouillard, 1868. (Sent out by
Standish.) Crimson, with a
shade of violet ; an attractive
color, but very transient ; oft-
en ill-formed.

Moreau-Robert, 1880. Raised
from Senateur Vaisse X Ma-
dame Victor Verdier. Cherry-
red, cupped form.

Margottin, 1858. Rose color,
large, full flowers, freely pro-
duced.

CATALOGUE OF VARIETIES.

203

Name of Variety, and
Habit of Growth.

Class.

51. Anna Eliza, vig

52. Anna Ollivier,
mod.

53. Anna Maria,
vig.

54. Anne de Dies-
bach, vig.

55.

Anne Marie
Cote, free.

H.N

56.

Anne Marie de
Montravel,
mod.

Pol.

57.

Annie Laxton,
mod.

H.R

58.

Annie Wood,
mod. or dvvf.

H.R

59-

Antheros.

T.

60,

AntoineDevert.

T.

61.

A n t 01 n e Du-
cher, mod.

H.R

62.

Antoine Mou-
ton, vig.

H.R

63.

Antoine Qui-
hou.

H.R

P.

T.

P.

H.R.

Williams. Red, tinged with li
lac numerous thorns.

Ducher, 1872. Buff, shaded with
rose.

Feast, 1843. Pale pink ; very
few thorns.

Lacharme, 1858. Raised from
La Reine. In color, the most
lovely shade of carmine ; very
large, double fiowers, fragrant;
one of the hardiest. A very
desirable garden rose.

Guillot-fils, 1875. White, some-
times tinged with pink.

Rambeaux & Dubreuil, 1879.
Very small, full, white fiowers,
somewhat fragrant. Resem-
bles Paquerette.

Laxton, 1869. (Sent out by Geo.
Paul.) Satiny rose, medium
or large size, very full.

E. Verdier, 1866. Bright crim-
son with a shade of vermil-
ion ; a good autumnal rose.

Lepage. Flesh color, shaded
with yellow.

Gonod,i88o. White, tinged with
pink, reverse of petals shaded
salmon.

Ducher, 1866. Violet-red ; large,
well shaped flowers, fragrant ;
wood very thorny. The color
is very fleeting.

Levet, 1874. Deep rose, tingled
with lilac, not unlike Paul
Neyron ; it is more fragrant and
more hardy, but in color and
size is below that sort.

E. Verdier, 1879. Brownish-
crimson.

204

THE ROSE,

Name of Variety, and
Habit of Growth.

A.

64. Antoine Ver-
dier, mod.

65. A n ton ia De-

carli, vig.

/ 66. ApoUine, vig.

67. A rchduke
Charles, mod.

68. A rchim ede,
free.

69. Ardoise de Ly-
on, vig.

70. Aristide Du-
puis, vig.

71. Arthemise,free.

72. Arthur de San
sal.

73. Augusta.

H.R.

Cl.T.

B.

Beng

H.R.
H.C.
H.R.

H.R.

N.

Jamain, 1871. Rose shaded with
lilac, well formed buds, no per-
fume; the color is muddy. This
sort would not improperly be
classed among the Hybrid
Teas, as it resembles them in
habit as well as in continuity
of flowering.

Levet, 1873. Maybe briefly de-
scribed as an inferior GloU-e de
Dijon, from which sort it was
raised.

V. Verdier, 1848. Raised from
Piej're de Si. Cyr. Rosy-pink ;
large, cupped flowers. The
most useful of all Bourbons
for open air.

Laffay. Rosy-crimson, variable
in color, sometimes deep mar-
bled rose.

Robert, 1856. Rosy-fawn, the
centre darker ; ill-formed flow-
ers are frequent. A good rose
when in perfection, and of ex-
cellent habit.

Plantier, 1865. (Sent out by Da-
maizin.) Violet rose, a poor
color.

Touvais, 1866. Purplish-rose, a
muddy hue ; double or full,
fragrant ; of no value.

Moreau-Robert, 1876. Deep rose
color; rather small, cupped-
shaped flowers, not unlike
ApoUine, Only worthy of a
place in very large collec-
tions.

Cochet, 1855. Raised from Giant
of Battles. Deep crimson.

See Solfaterre.

CATALOGUE OF VARIETIES.

205

Name of Variety, and

Class.

Habit of Growth.

74.

Augusle Buch-

H.R.

L6veque, 1880. Reddish purple.

75.

ner.

Auguste M i e,

H.R.

Laffay, 185 1. Raised from La

free.

Reine. Glossy pink. One of

{Madame Rival)

the most tender of this type.

76.

Auguste Neu-

H.R.

E. Verdier, 1870. Red, shaded

mann.

with violet.

77.

Auguste Oger,
mod.

T.

Oger, 1856. Coppery-rose.

78.

Auguste Rigo-

H.R.

Schwartz, 1871. Cherry-red,

tard.

somewhat like Duptiy Jamain.

79.

Auguste Va-

T.

Lacharme, 1853. Coppery yel-

cher.

low.

80.

Auretti, vig.

H.C.

Crimson - purple ; fades very
quickly.

81.

Aureus.

T.

Ducher, 1873. Coppery-yellow.

82.

Avocat Duvi-

H.R.

Leveque, 1875. See Marechal

vier.

Vaillant.

83.

Baltimore

P.

Feast, 1843. Pale blush, chang-

Belle, vig.

ing to white.

84.

Baron Adolphe

H.R.

Lacharme, 1862. Bright red,

de Rothschild,

shaded with crimson; mildews

free.

easily.

85.

Baron Alexan-

T.

Gonod, 1880. Raised from Ma-

dre de Vrints.

dame de Tart as. Delicate
rose.

86.

Baron Chau-

H.R.

Liabaud, 186g. See Baron de

rand,vig.

Bonstetten.

87.

Baron de Bon-

H.R.

Liabaud, 1871. Velvety maroon,

stetten, vig.

shaded with deep crimson,
somew^hat lighter in shade
than Prince Cam i He, and rather
smaller in size, but with a lit-
tle more substance ; shy in au-
tumn, but a grand rose.

88.

Baron Gonella,

B.

Guillot-pere, 1859. Bronzed rose.

vig.

well formed, fragrant ; non-
autumnal.

89.

Baron Hauss-

H.R.

E. Verdier, 1867. Dark red, large,

mann, free.

well-built flowers.

206

THE rosb:.

Name of Variety, and
Habit of Growth.

90. Baron Taylor,
free.

91. Baron de Roths
child, free.

92. Baroness Roth

schild, mod.
(Madame de Roths-
child ^

93. Baronne de
Maynard, mod.
or free.

94. Baronne de
Frailly.

95.

96.

/97.

Baronne de
Wassenser,
free.

Baronne Louise
Uxhull, free.
Baronne Pre-
vost, vig.

H.R.

H.R.

H.R.

H.N.

H.R.

M.

H.R.
H.R.

Dougat, 1879. A sport from
John Hopper'. Pink. Only dif-
fers from the parent in shade ;
it does not appear to be con-
stant.

Guillot-fils, 1862. Raised from
General Jacqueminot. Ama-
ranth-red.

Pernet, 1867. Light pink, some-
times shaded with rose ; large,
or very large ; cupped form,
very symmetrical, with-
out fragrance ; the wood is
short - jointed, thick, light
green, armed with occasional
light-green thorns ; one of the
hardiest, but does not propa-
gate from cuttings. A very
distinct, beautiful rose, free
blooming, and greatly valued,
both as an exhibition and a
garden sort.

Lacharme, 1865. From Blanche
Lajiite X Sappho. White, edge
of petals often tinged with
pink ; small size, compact
form.

Liabaud, 1871. Bright red, large,
very full; often does not open
well.

V. Verdier, 1854. Deep rose ;
buds pretty, and quite well
mossed.

Guillot-fils, 1871. Carmine-rose;
large, highly-scented flowers.

Desprez. (Sentout by Cochet, in
1842.) Pure rose color, very
large, very full, flat form ; a
free bloomer, fragrant, very
hardy. The shoots are stout
and stiff*.

CATALOGUE OF rARIETIES.

207

Name of Variety, and
Habit of Growth.

98. Barthelemy Le-
vet, mod.

99. B e a u t e d e
I'Europe, vig.

100. Beauty of Gla-
zenwood.

loi. Beauty of
Green mount,
vig.

102. Beauty of Sta-
pleford, mod

Class.

^103. Beauty of
Waltham, free.

104. Belle Ameri-
caine, mod.

105. Belle F 1 e u r
d'Anjou, mod.

106. Belle Lyon-
naise, vig.

107. Belle Macon-
naise, free.

108. Belle N or-
mande, free.

log. Bennett's
Seedling, vig.

no. Benjamin
Drouet, free.

H.R.
Cl.T.

Ev.

N.

H.T.

H.R.

H.R.

T.
Cl.T.

T.
H.R.

A.
H.R.

Levet, 1878. Bright rose.

Go nod, 1 88 1. Gloire de Dijon
type. Deep yellow ; reverse
of petals coppery yellow.

See Fortune's Yellow.

Pentland, 1854. Rosy-red.

Bennett, 1879. Raised from Al-
ba Rosea X Countess of Oxfo7'd.
Red, tinged with violet, large,
well formed, prettily shaped
buds, without fragrance ; the
color is not pleasing, too soon
becoming mudd}-. Very sub-
ject to mildew.

W. Paul, 1862. Rosy-crimson,
medium, or large size, fragrant;
it has the habit of throwing out
side-shoots from nearly every
eye. This is still a sort to
commend.

Daniel Boll (New York), 1837.
Deep pink, double, small, well
formed.

Touvais, 1872. Silvery - rose,
large ; rather good.

Levet, 1869. Raised from Gloire
de Dijon. Pale, lemon-yellow ;
less productive than the par-
ent. A fine sort.

Ducher, 1870. Pale salmon-
rose.

Oger, 1864. A sport from La
jReine. Silvery-rose.

Bennett. Pure white, small,
double.

E. Verdier, 1878. Red, shaded
with purple.

208

THE KOSE.

Name of Variety, and
Habit of Growth.

III. Bernard Pa-
lissey, free.

112. Berthe Baron
free.

113. Bessie John
son, mod.

114. Bignonia,mod.

115. Black Prince,
free.

116. Blanche de
Beaulieu, free.

117. Blanchefleur,
free.

118. Blanche La-
fitte, free.

119. Blanche M o -
reau.

120. Blanche Vi-
bert.

121. Blairii No. 2,
viof.

122. Boieldieu, vig.

H.R.

H.R.

H.R.

T.
H.R.

H.R.

Fr.

B.
P.M.
Dam.
H.Ch.

H.R.

Margottin, 1863. Red, medium
size, very full, fragrant ; often
comes ill formed, sometimes
is very fine.

Baron- Viellard, 1868. Raised
from Jules Margottin. Deli-
cate rose color.

Curtis, 1872. A sport from Abel
Grand. Blush, highly scented.

Levet, 1872. Red.

1866. Purchased and sent out
by W. Paul. Dark crimson;
not considered a reliable sort,
occasionally it is very fine.

Margottin, 1851. Deep pink,
large, loose flowers ; rather
tender.

Vibert, 1846. White, tinged with
blush, medium size, flat, very
full, highly scented. One of
the earliest to blossom ; the
flowers produced in great pro-
fusion. A valuable garden
rose.

Pradel, 1851. Blush-white.

Moreau-Robert, 1880. White,
claimed to be a true remontant.

Vibert, 1838. See Portland
Blanche.

Blair. Pink, large, double ;
much esteemed in England as
a Pillar rose. Wc do not
value it highly for this climate.

Gar9on, 1877. (Sent out by Mar-
gottin-fils.) Belongs to Ba-
ronne Prevost type. Cherry-
red, very large and full, flat
form ; will probably supersede
Madame Boll. This is more
productive, has slimmer wood.

CATALOGUE OF VARIETIES.

209

Name of Variety, and
Habit of Growth.

123. Bon S i 1 e n e,
free.

124. Bougere, free.

125. Boule de Nan-
teuil, mod. or
free.

126. Boule d e
Neige, free.

127. Boule d' Or.
dwf. or mod.

128. Bouquet d'Or,
vig.

I2g. Bouton d'Or,

mod.
130. Brennus, vig.

131. Brightness of
Cheshunt.

T.

Fr.
H.N.

N.

T.

H.Ch.

H.R.

smaller foliage, stouter thorns
than Madajue Boll. The lat-
ter sort has five leaflets only,
this has commonly seven ; re-
membering this, it is easy to
distinguish between them.

Hardy, 1839. Deep salmon-
rose, illumined with carmine,
medium size, semi-double,
highly scented, very free flow-
ering. This is only desirable
in the bud state ; for many
years it has been a leading
kind for forcing ; the English
florists have not yet discover-
ed its value.

1832. Bronzed pink, large and
full, thick petals; one of the
hardiest. An old variety, yet
one of the most desirable.

Crimson-purple, fades easily ;
worthless.

Lacharme, 1867. White, small,
very full ; does not root from
cuttings.

Margottin, i860. Deep yellow,
large, very full ; does not open
well.

Ducher, 1872. Yellow, with cop-
pery centre, large, full.

Guillot-fils, 1866. Orange yel-
low, medium size.

Laffay, 1830. Deep red, shaded
with violet. We now have al-
most the same shade in Ches-
hunt Hybrid^ a more useful
sort.

G. Paul, 1881. Belongs {o Duke
of Edinburgh type. Vivid red,
medium size.

210

THE ROSE.

Name of Variety, a^td
Habit of Gkowth.

132. Cabbage.

133. Camille Ber-
nardin, free or
vig.

134. Camoens.

135. Canary, dwf.

136. Cannes La Co-
quette, mod.

137. Captain Chris-
ty, mod. or dwf.

138. Captain John|
Ingram, free, j

139. Captain La-j
mure, mod. !

140. Cardinal Pa-
trizzi, mod. |

141. Carl Coers,

vig. I

142. Caroline, mod.

H.R.

H.T.
T.

H.T.
H.T.

M.

H.R.
H.R.

H.R.

See Centifolia.

Gautreau, 1865. Raised from
General Jacqueminot. Light
crimson, medium size, semi-
cupped form, fragrant ; does
not bloom until late in the

then the flowers
never very pro-

season, and
fade easily
ductive.

Schwartz, 1881. Pale rose, base
of petals yellow.

|Guillot-pere, 1852. Canary yel-
low, beautiful little buds, deli-
cate habit.

Nabonnand, 1877. Raised from
La France. Salmon, with a
shade of red. Much behind
the parent in value.

Lacharme, 1873. Raised from
Victor Verdi er X Safrano.
Delicate flesh color, deepen-
ing in shade towards the cen-
tre, medium size, sometimes
large, full ; the foliage when
young somewhat resembles
Mahonia leaves. Ill-shaped
flowers are not uncommon,
but it is a most lovely sort
when in perfection.

Laffay, 1856. Purple-crimson,
color non-permanent ; dark,
small foliage, in five leaflets.

Levet, 1870. Dark red, tingeJ
with violet.

Trouillard, 1857. Giant of Bat-
tles type. Crimson, with a
tinge of purple.

Granger, 1865. Purple-red.

Rosy-flesh, deeper toward cen-
tre ; prettily formed buds.

CATALOGUE OF VAKIETIES.

211

Name of Variety, and
Habit of Growth.

143. C a r o 1 i n
Cook, mod.

144. Caroline de
Sansal, vig.

145. Caroline Mar
niesse, free.

146. Caroline
Schmitt.

147. CatherineBell,
free.

148. CatherineGuil-
lot.

149. CatharineMer-
met, mod. or
free.

150. Catherine Sou-
pert, mod.

151. Celine, dwf.

152. Celine Fores-
lier, vig.

H.R.

N.

N.

H.Cl,

B.
T.

H.R.

M.

N.

A. Cook, 1871. Raised from
Sapano. Apricot - yellow,
with a shade of rose ; not a
valuable sort.

Desprez, 1849. (Sent out by
Hippolyte Jamain.) Flesh
color, deepening towards the

' centre; large, full flowers, flat
form, often indented ; subject
to mildew; very hardy. An
unreliable sort, but beautiful
when in perfection ; generally
it is of better quality in Sep-
tember than in June.

Roeser, 1848. Creamy white,
small and full ; seven leaflets,
nearly hardy.

Schmitt, 3881. Raised from Sol-
faterre. Sal mon-yel low, chang-
ing to pale yellow.

Bell & Son, 1877. Rose color,
large, loose flowers ; very
poor.

Guillot fils, 1861. Raised from
Louise Odier. Rose color.

Guillot fils, 1869. Flesh color,
with the same silvery lustre
seen in La France ; large, full,
well formed ; not very produc-
tive, yet not a shy bloomer ;
very beautiful in the bud ;
when the flowers expand ihey
exhale a delightful perfume.
The finest of all the Teas.

Lacharme, 1879. Rosy-peach;
distinct.

Robert, 1855 Crimson-purple.

Trouillard, i860. Pale yellow,
deepening toward the centre;
the hardiest of the Tea-scented
section.

212

THE ROSE,

Name of Variety, and
Habit of Growth.

153. Cels-Mulliflo-
ra, mod.

154. C e n t i f o 1 i a,
free. (Cabbage
or Co m m on
Provence.)

155. C e n t i f o 1 i a
Cristata, free.

156. Centifolia Ro-
sea, mod.

157. Charles Baltet.

158. Charles Dar-
win, free.

159. Charles Du-
val.

160. Charles Fon-
taine.

161. Charles Getz,

162. Charles Law-
son, vig.

/ 163. Charles Le-
febvre, free.
{Marguerite Bras-
sac.)

Beng.
Prov.

Dam.
H.R.

H.R.
H.R.

H.R.

H.R.

B.

H.Ch.

H.R.

Cels, 1838. Flesh color, very

free-blooming.
Rose color, large, full, globular,

fragrant. A very desirable

garden variety.

Vibert, 1827. Large, pink flow-
ers, not crested, fragrant and
good.

Touvais, 1863. Bright rose, cir-
cular, shell form ; light green
wood, with numerous red
thorns ; foliage crimpled.

E. Verdier, 1877. Carmine-red,
medium size, full, fragrant.

Laxton, 1879. (Sent out by G.
Paul.) Raised from Madame
Julie Daran. Brownish crim-
son, with a shade of violet,
very beautiful and distinct ;
mildews easily.

E. Verdier, 1877. Red, medium
size.

Fontaine, 1868. Crimson, fra-
grant.

A. Cook, 1871. Rosy-pink, me-
dium size, full, fragrant ; shy
in autumn.

1853. Light rose color, large,
full, fragrant ; 5 leaflets ; use-
ful for pillars.

Lacharme, 1861. Claimed to
have been raised from General
Jacqueminot X Victor Vei'dier.
Reddish-crimson, sometimes
with a shide of purple, very
velvety and rich, but fading
quickly ; large, full, thick pet-
als, beautifully formed. There
are a few thorns of light red ;
the wood and foliage are of

CATALOGUK OF VAItlETIES.

213

Name of Variety, and
Habit of Growth.

164. Charles Mar-
gottin, mod.

165. Charles Rou-
illard.

166. Charles Ro-
volli, free.

167. Charles T u r
ner, free.

168. Charles Ver-
dier, dwf.

Ar69. Chened o 1 1 e ,
vi^.
170. Cheshunt Hy-
brid, vig.

H.R.

H.R.
T.

H.R,

H.R.

H.Ch.
H.T.

light reddish-gieen. A splen-
did rose.

Margottin, 1S65. A seedling of
J tiles Margolin?. Fiery- red,
shaded with crimson ; large,
full flowers ; retains the color
well ; smooth, reddish wood,
armed with occasional red
spines ; foliage slightly crim-
pled. An excellent, distinct
rose, quite unlike the parent
in habit. It doubtless comes
from a natural cross of some
dark sort like Charles Lefebvre
on Jules Margollijt.

E. Verdier, 1865. Pale rose,
well formed.

Pernet, 1875. Carmine-rose, not
unlike Bon Silene, from which
variety, so far as our observa-
tion goes, it only differs to be
inferior.

Margottin, 1869. Crimson-vrr-
miiion, large, full flowers, flat
ioxm.XQStmhWngGenerallVash-
inglon ; wood armed with nu-
merous dark red thorns. A
shy bloomer.

Guillot-pere, 1866. A seedling
of Viclor Verdier. Pink, witii
a tinge of salmon ; globular,
full flowers ; thorns dark-
red. A bad one to open, and
fades very soon.

Bright red, large, double ; shoots
very spiny, 5 to 7 leaflets.

G. Paul, T873. Believed to be a
natural cross from Madame de
Tartas X Prince Caniille de
Rohan. Red, shaded with vio-
let ; large, full, slightly fra-

214

THE ROSE.

Name of Varietv, and
Habit of Growth.

171. Christian
Puttner, dvvf.

172. Christine Nils-
son, free.

173. Claire Carnot,
wig.

174. Clara Sylvain,
mod.

(^Lady Wa r'tender. )

175. Claude Ber
nard, mod.

176. Claude Levet,

177 C 1 e m e n c 0
Raoux, vig.

178. Clement Na-
bonnand^ free.

179. Climbing Cap-
tain Christy.

180. Climbing Bes-
sie Johnson,
vig.

181. Climbing
Charles Lefeb-
vre, free.

182. Climbing
C o u n t e s s of
Oxford, free.

grant; very distinct. A good
rose, free in the Spring, but
shy in autumn.
H.Ch. Oger, 1861. Deep violet-rose ;

I an impure shade.
H/R. iLeveque, 1867. Rose color. In
( the way of Madame Botitin.
N. Guillot-ftls, 1873. Pale yellow,
somewhat in the way of Celine
Fores-tier, but more Iragrant.
Beng. Madame Pean. White, strongly
I infused with Tea blood.

H.R.

H.R.
H.R.

HXl.

H.Cl.

HXl,

H.Cl.

iLiabaud, 1878 Raised from

I Jttles Margotim, Rose color ;

! little fragrance ; not a desira-

1 ble sort,

Levet, 1872. Velvety-red, fra-
grant.

Granger, 1868. (Sent out by
Charles Lee.) A washed-out
pink ; large, fragrant flowers,
quartered shape ; worthless.
Nabonnand, 1877. Light yellow,
shaded with rosy-salmon ; not
valuable.
Ducher & Soeur, 1881. Flowers
are like the old variety, from
which it is a sport, but the
shoots are more slender and
longer.

G. Paul, 1878, A sport from
Bessie Johnson. Like the par-
ent, except more vigorous.

Cranston. 1876. Not any stronger
in growth than the original.

Smith, 1875. Of no value.

CATALOGUE OF VARIETIES.

^5

Name of Variety, and
Habit of Growth.

183 Climbing
Devonie n si s,
vig.

^^^184. Climbing Ed-
ward Morren,
vig.

£^. 185. Climbing
Jules Margot-
tin, vig.

186. Climbing
Madame Victor
Verdier.

187. Climbing
Mademoiselle
Eugenie Ver-
dier, free.

188. Climbing
Victor Verdier,
free.

189. Cloth of Gold,
vig.

{Chromatella.)

190. Clothilde.

191. Clothilde Rol-
land.

192. Col. de Rouge,
mont, mod.

Cl.T.

H.Cl.
H.Cl.

H CI.
H.Cl.

H.Cl.

N.

T.

H.R.
H.R.

S. J. Pavitt, 1858. (Sent out by
Henry Curtis.) A sport from
Devoniensis, This seems to
us as productive as the old
sort, and its extra vigor of
growth is an advantage.

G. Paul, 1879. A sport, likely
to make a very useful pillar
rose.

Cranston, 1875. A sport from
Jules Margottin. Flowers are
the same as in the old sort,
except being a little smaller,
and for this reason it is finer
in the bud state. The best of
all the climbing sports ; high-
ly commended as a useful pil-
lar rose.

Cranston, 1877. A humbug.

G. Paul. 1877. " Light rosy-
salmon ; like all these climb-
ing sports the flowers become
smaller, and are produced
more freely than the type."

G. Paul, 1871. Flowers some-
what smaller and less freely
produced than in the old sort.

Coquereau, 1843. Raised from
Lamarque. Deep yellow cen-
tre, with sulphur edges ; large,
full flowers. A grand rose,
but difficult to grow well,

Rolland, 1867. Creamy-white,
centre rosy-salmon.

Rolland, 1867. Cherry-rose.

Lachaime, 1853.
Prevost type.

Of the Baronne
Light rose.

216

THE ROSE.

Name of Variety, and

Class.

Habit of Gkowtii.

193. Colonel de

H.R.

Jamain, 1874. Carmine-red.

Sansal, mod.

194. Cornice d e

B.

Pradel, 1842. Deep red, shaded

Seine et-Marne,

with violet.

mod.

195. Cornice de

B.

Pradel, 1852. Carmine - red,

Tarn-et- Ga-

well formed.

ronne, mod.

196. Common Moss

M.

Pale rose, very beautiful in the

free.

bud. Difficult to propagate

{Old Moss.)

from cuttings. None others

/

in the class except Crested and

Gracilis, can rank with this in

quality.

197. Comte A. de

H.R.

Leveque, 1881. Raised from

Germiny.

/tt/es Margottin. Bright rose.

198. Comte d'Eu.

B.

Lacharme, 1844. Raised from
Gloire des Roso7nanes. Bright,
rosy crimson.

199. Comte de

H.R.

Leveque, 1881. Raised from

Flandres.

Madame Victor Verdier. " Red-
dish-purple, velvety, illumin-
ed with carmine."

200. Comte de Gri-

T.

Levet, 1871. Raised from Cana-

vel.

ry, Pale yellow.

201. Comte d e

H.R.

Margottin-fils, 1880. Rose color.

Mortemart,

very fragrant ; smooth, pale-

free.

green wood.

202. Comte deNan-

H.Ch.

Quetier, 1852. Light rose, large.

teuil, vig.

full flowers, sometimes with
green centre ; not unlike Che-
nedolle.

203. Comtede Paris,

T.

Madame Pean, 1844. Flesh

mod. or dwf.

color, large flowers.

204. Comte deSem-

T.

Madame Ducher, 1874. Salmon

bui, mod.

and rose, the base of petals
coppery yellow ; large, full
flowers, often malformed. A
grand rose when well grown,
but too unreliable.

CATALOGUE OF VAUIKTIES.

217

Name of Variety, and
Habit of Growth.

205. C o m t e d e
Thun - Hohen-
stein.

206. Comte Taver-
na, mod.

207. Comtesse Ce-
cile de Chabril-
lant, mod.

2c8. Comtesse de
Barba n t a n e ,
free.

209. Comtesse de
Camondo.

210. Comtesse
Caserta.

211. Comtesse
Choiseuil.

de

de

212. Comtesse de
Labarthe, free.

213. Comtesse de
Ludre.

214. Comtesse de
Murinais, vig.

215. Comtesse de
Nadaillac,mod.

216. Comtesse de
Segur.

217. Comtesse de
Serenye, mod.

H.R.

T.
H.R.

B.

H.R.

T.

H.R.

H.R.
M.
T.

Prov.
H.R.

Leveque,
son.

1880. Reddish-crim-

Ducher, 1871. Pale yellow.

Marest, 1859. Satiny-pink, nev-
er above medium size, full,
fragrant ; of perfect, globular
form ; numerous dark thorns
of small size ; foliage dark and
tough, A lovely lose.

Guillot-pere, 1858. Raised from
Louise Odier, Blush, shaded
with rose.

Leveque, 1880. Red, shaded.

Nabonnand, 1877. Coppery-red.

Mottheau, 1878. Cherry -red,

shaded with crimson, in the

style of Marie Rady.
Bernede, 1857. Pink, shaded

with carmine-rose ; pretty in

the bud.
E. Verdier, 1879. Carmine-red.

Vibert, 1843. White, tinged with
flesh ; not inclined to mildew.

Guillot-fils, 1871. Coppery-yel-
low, illumined with carmine-
rose ; large, full, distinct and
effective ; highly esteemed.

V. Verdier, 1848. Buff'-white.

Lacharme, 1874. Said to be
raised from La Reine, but it
shows more of the Jules Mar-
gottin characteristics. Silvery-
pink, often mottled ; a full,
finely shaped, globular flower.

218

THE KOSK,

Name OF Variety, AND p, .^.„
Habit of Growth. '-lass.

2i8. C o m t e s s e
H e n r i e t t e
Combes.

219. Comtesse Na-
thalie deKleist.

220. Comtesse Riza
du Pare, free.

221. Comtesse Ou-
varoff, free.

222. Constantin
TretiakofF.

223. Copper, mod.

i 224. Coquette des
Alpes, vig.

225. Coquette des
Blanches, free
or vig.

H.R.

H.R.

T.
H.R.

A.
H.N.

H.N

of medium size, slightly fra-
grant ; wood light green, foli-
age darker, thorns red, seven
leaflets. Not reliable about
opening, but a very free
bloomer, and well worthy a
place in a small collection.
One of the most distinct ; of
great beauty when grown un-
der glass.
Schwartz, 1881. Bright satiny-
rose.

Soupert et Notting, 1880. Cop-
pery-rose, reverse of petals
lake.

Schwartz, 1876. Raised from
Comtesse deLabarthe. Bronzed
rose, with a carmine tint ; me-
dium size, moderately full,
highly perfumed.

Margottin, 1861, Saimon-pink.

Jamain, 1877. Cherry-red, large,
double, without fragrance.

Coppery-red, vety striking shade,
semi-double.

Lacharme, 1867. Raised from
Blanche Lafittey^ Sappho, White,
tinged with blush ; size, me-
dium to large; semi-cupped
form, the wood is long, jointed.
A very desirable white rose.

Lacharme, 1872. Same parent-
age as above. While, some-
times tinged with blush ; of
medium size, very full, some-
what flat, but pretty ; growth
bushy. An improvement on
Baronne de Maynard and Ma-
dame Alfred de Rougemont,

CATALOGUE OF VAKIEflES,

219

Name of Vartetv, and ^
Habit of Growth. '-lass.

226. Coquette de T.
Lyon, mod.

227. Cornelie Koch,| T.
free.

{Cornelia Cook,)

228. Countess of
H ar ri ngton,
free.

229. Countess o f
Oxford, mod.

230. Countess of
R o s e b e r r y,
mod.

231. Couped'Hebe,
vig.

232. Cramoisi - Su-
perieur, free.
{Agrlppina.)

233. Crested Moss,
free. {Cristata,
or Crested Pro-
vence)

234. Crimson Red-
der, dvvf.

235. CrimsonMoss
free.

Fr.
H.R.

H.R.

H.Ch.

Beng.
M.

H.R.
M.

Ducher, 1870. Pale yellow;
medium, or small size ; pretty
in bud, and useful for bedding.

A. Koch, 1855. Raised from De-
voniensis. White, sometimes
faintly linged with pale yel-
low ; very large, full ; not a
free bloomer. This is quite
apt to come with a green cen-
tre, but it is a grand rose when
well grown, excelling all other
white Teas.

Cup - shaped, white flowers,
double, produced in abun-
dance.

Guillot-pere, i86g. Raised from
Victor Verdier. Carmine-red,
tinged with lilac, fades quick-
ly ; flowers very large and full ;
subject to mildew.

R. B. Postans, 1879. (Sent out
by Wm. Paul & Son.) Belongs
to the Victor Verdier type.
Cherry-red.

Laifay. Deep pink, medium, or
large size, cup-form ; seven
leaflets. A fine, distinct sort.

Plantier, 1834. Rich, velvety
crimson, double ; fine in the
bud. A good bedding variety.

Discovered on the wall of a con-
vent near Fribourg, and sent
out by Vibert, 1827. Deep,
pink-colored buds, surround-
ed with a mossy fringe and
crest ; free from mildew. A
fragrant, very beautiful rose.

Cranston, 1874. Belongs to Giant
of Battles iy^e. Crimson.

Lee, Crimson, semi-double ;
poor.

220

THE ROSE,

Name of Variety, and
Habit of Growth.

. Crimson Per-
petual.

236. Crown Prince.

237. David Pradel,
mod.

238. Dean of Wind-
sor, mod.

239. De la Griffer
aie, vig.

240. Delille, mod.

241. De Luxem-
bourg, mod. or
free.

242. DeMeauXjdwf.

{Pompon^

243. Desprez, vig.

244. Deuil de Paul.
Fontaine, vig.

245. Devienne La-
my, mod.

246. Devoniensis,

mod. or free.

H.R.

T.
H.R.
Mult.

P.M.
M.
M.

N.

M.

H.R.
T.

247. Diana.

H.R.

See Rose dn Roi.

W. Paul & Son, 1880. Reddish-
crimson, tinged with purple.

Pradel, 1851. Lilac-rose, large
size.

Turner, 1879. Vermilion, large,
full flowers.

1846. Lilac-rose. This variety
makes a valuable stock on
which to bud strong-growing
kinds.

Robert, 1852. Red, tinged with
lilac, flat form, fragrant, not
mossy. Of no value.

Hardy. Crimson, not attractive.

Found growing in a garden at
Taunton, about 1825. Pink
color, small, full flowers.

Desprez, 1838. Rose, blended
with coppery yellow, highly
scented.

Fontaine, 1873. Red, shaded
crimson, large, full ; not
mossy ; worthless.

Leveque, 1868. Carmine-red,
well formed ; a good sort.

Foster, 1841. (Sent out by Lu-
combe, Pince & Co. Raised
from Yellow Tea, Creamy-
white, centre sometimes tmged
with blush, very large, almost
full ; one of the most delight-
fully scented. Either this or
the climbing variety should
be in every collection ; though
neither are very productive.

W. Paul, 1874. Deep pink.

CATALOGUE OF VARIETIES.

221

Name of Vartetv, and
Habit of Growth.

248. D i n g e e-C o-
nard, mod.

249. Dr. A n dry ,
free.

250. Doctor Arnal,
dwf.

251. DoctorBerthet.

252. DoctorChalus,
free.

H.R.

H.R.

H.R.

T.
H.R.

253. Doctor Henon, H.R.
dwf.

254. Doctor Hogg,
free.

255. Doctor Hook-
er, free.

256. Doctor Kane,
vig. or free.

257. Doctor Marx,
mod.

258. DoctorSewell,

H.R.
H.R.

N.

H.R.
H.R,

E Verdier, 1875. Violet-crim-
son, illumined with red, me-
dium size, compact.

E. Verdier, 1864. Rosy-crimson,
large, semi-cupped flowers,
double, sometimes full, fades
badly ; foliage, large and
glossy ; wood moderately
smooth ; thorns, large and red.
A better rose in England than
in this country.

Roeser, 1848. Red, shaded with
crimson ; medium or small
size ; a free bloomer, subject
to mildew.

Pernet, 1878. Pale rose, deeper
in centre.

Touvais, 1871. Vermilion, shad-
ed with crimson ; large, dou-
ble or full, fragrant ; a good
seed-bearer.

Lille, 1855 White, centre shad-
ed, medium size, full ; often
malformed, and subject to
mildew. Belongs to the old
Portland group.

Laxton, 1880. (Sent out by
George Paul.) Deep violet-
red, medium size.

G. Paul, 1876. Raised from
Duke of Edinburgh. Crimson,
with a shade of velvety purple.

Pentland, 1856. Sulphur-yellow,
large, fine flowers ; difficult to
grow well.

Laffay, 1842. Red, tinged with
violet ; a bad shade.

Turner, 1879. Bright crimson,
tinged with purple, large, full.
A good rose.

222

THE ROSE.

Name of Variety, and
Habit of Growth.

259. Double Mar-
gi ned Hep,
free.

260. Douglass, free.

261. Duarle d' OH-
veira, vig.

262. Ducd'Aumale,
free. {General
Due d'AujJiale.)

263. Due de Cazes.
free.

264. Due de Ma-
genta, free.

265. Due de Mont
pensier, free.

266. Due de Rohan,
free.

267. Ducher, free.

268. Duchesse de
Cambac e re s,
vig.

269. Duchesse de H.R,
Caylus, mod.

270. Duchesse de H.R.
Chartres

271. Duchesse d'ls- M.
trie, mod.

272. Duchesse de! H.Ch
Morny, vig. I

273. D uchessei H.R.
d ' O r 1 e a n s , j
free. l

Dam.
Beng.

N.

H.R.

H.R.

T.

H.R.
H.R.

Beng.

H.R.

White, tinged with
form, full ; good.

pink, flat

V. Verdier, 1848. Crimson, me-
dium size, double, fine in the
bud. A valuable variety for
house culture.

Brassac, 1880. Raised from
Ophirie X ^'^^'^^ d' Or. Salmon-
rose, coppery at base, medium
size, full.

E. Verdier, 1875. Crimson ; a
good sort, not unlike Maurice
Bemardin.

Touvais, i860. Violet-crimson,
not a pure shade ; double ;
numerous stout thorns.

Margottin, 1859. Flesh, shaded
with fawn, thick petals, full.
A large, good tea.

Leveque, 1876. Red, shaded
with crimson ; a good sort.

Leveque, 1861. Vermilion,
large, well formed.

Ducher, 1869. Pure white, well
formed.

Fontaine, 1854. Lilac rose, im-
pure color ; double.

C. Verdier, 1864. Rosy-crimson,

large, double.
E. Verdier, 1875. Bright rose.

Portemer, 1857. Rose color, not
valuable.

E. Verdier, 1863. Bright rose;
erect growth ; mildew.

Quetier, 1852. Blush, large, full ;
often opens badly, and is sub-
ject to mildew.

CATALOGUE OF VARIETIES.

223

Name of Variety, and
Habit of Growth.

274. Duchesse de
Thuringe, free.

275. Duchesse de
Vallombr o sa,
mod.

276. Duchesse de
Vallombrosa.

277. Duchess of
Connaught,
dvvf.

278. D u ch e s s of
Bedford, mod

B.
H.R.

T.
H.T.

H.R.

279. Duchess of. H.R.
E d i nb u rgh,
mod.

280. Duchess ofBeng.
E d inb u rgh,
mod.

281. Duchess of H.R.
Norfolk, free.

Guillot-pere, 1847. White, slight-
ly tinged wiiii lilac ; a free
bloomer.

Schwartz, 1875. Raised from
Jules Margottin. Pink, gen-
erally opens badly ; not valu-
able.

Nabonnand, 1879. Coppery-red,
distinct.

Bennett; 1879. Raised from
President X Duchesse de Val-
lombrosa i^,^.) Silvery-rose;
of large, globular form ; full,
highly scented. Resembles
La France y but the flowers are
more circular, the foliage larger
and better. It retains its glob-
ular form, the petals recurv-
ing to a less extent ; but La
France is, notwithstanding,
much the better sort.

R. B. Postans, 1879. (Sent out
by W.Paul & Son.) Belongs to
the Victor Verdier type. Cherry-
red ; not very promising.

Dunand, 1874. (Given by the
raiser to Schwartz, by him sold
to Henry Bennett, who sent it
out.) Belongs \o Jules Mar-
gottin type. Pink, not valua-
ble.

Nabonnand, 1874. (Sent out by
Veitch). Raised from Souvenir
du David d' Angers. A Bengal
with Tea blood. Crimson,
turning lighter as the bud ex-
pands ; of good size, mode-
rately full.

Margotiin, 1861. (Sent out by
Wood.) Rosy-red, medium

224

THE ROSE.

Name of Variety, and
Habit of Growth.

2S2. Duchess of
Sutherland, vig

283. Duchess of
Westmins te r,
mod. or dwf.

284. Duke of Al-
bany.

285. Duke of Con-
naught, mod.

286. Duke of Con-
naught, dwf. or
mod.

287. Duke of Edin-
burgh, vig.

H.R.
H.T.

H.R.
H.R.

H.T.

H.R.

size,cup-shaped ; a shy bloom-
er, and not valuable.

Laffay, 1840. Rosy-pink, large,
full ; shy in autumn.

Bennett, 1879. Raised from
President X Maj^quise de Cas-
telLwe. Satiny-pink, shaded
with rose, sometimes the color
is cnrmine-rose ; large, full
flowers, with a faint Tea odor.
The flowers are apt to be irreg-
ular and not of good finish, the
buds are generally good. Sub-
ject to mildew.

W. Paul & Son, 1882. Crimson.

G. Paul, 1875. Deep, velvety-
crimson, with a fiery flush ; me-
dium size, full, well formed ;
burns badly, very shy in au-
tumn. In England this is one
of the finest dark roses ; we
have' seen it in grand form at
the raiser's, but it has no val-
ue for out-door culture in this
country,

Bennett, 1879. Raised from Pres-
ident X Louis Van HoiUte.
Rosy-crimson, large, full, well
formed, good in bud, almost
without fragrance ; the buds
do not always open. A fine
rose when well grown, but it
will never be useful for ordi-
nary cultivators.

G. Paul, 1868. Raised from
General Jacqueminot. Bright
crimson, large, double flow-
ers, little fragrance ; foliage
large and attractive. Occa-
sionally this is very fine early

CATALOGUE OF VARIETIES.

225

Name of Varietv, and
Habit of Growth.

288. DukeofTeck.
vig.

289. Duke of Well-
ington, mod.

290. D u m n a c u s,
mod.

291. Dupetit Thou-
ars, vig.

H.R.

H.R.
H.R.

B.

I

292. Dupuyjamain, H.R.
free.

. Du Roi.

293. Earl of Bea-j H.R.
consfield, dwf.

294. Eclatante, free

295. EdmundWood,
mod.

M.

H.R.

in the season, but the flowers
lack substance and durability
of color. It is more shy in
the autumn than the parent ;
not to be commended for gen-
eral culture.

G. Paul, 1880. Raised from
Duke of Ediitburgh. Very
bright crimson ; not well test-
ed in this country ; we were
much pleased with it as seen
at Cheshunt.

Granger, 1864. Red, shaded
with crimson.

Moreau-Robeit, 1880. Raised
from Countess of Oxford. Car-
mine-red.

Portemer, 1844. Raised from
Einile Courtier. Deep red,
shaded with crimson ; liard)^
non-autumnal.

Jamain, 1868. Cherr)^-rcd, witli
a shade of crimson ; large,
double, well formed, fragrant ;
a good seed-bearer. Were
this more full, it would be a
rose of the first rank.

See Rose du Roi.

Christy, 1880. (Sent out by G.
Paul.) Cherry-rose, medium
size, beautiful form.

Cherry rose, buds of good form,
well mossed ; darker than the
Common or Prolific, one of the
best. Why this rose has passed
out of cultivation we do not
know ; there are but three in
the class as good.

E. Verdier, 1875. Red, flower-
ing in corymbs ; short, reddish
wood.

226

THE KOSE.

Name of Variety, and
Habit of Growth.

2g6. Edward An-
dre, free.

297. Edward Des-
fosses, free.

298. Edward D u -
four, fiee.

299. Edward Jesse,
free.

3C0. Edward Mor
ren, vig.

301. Edward Py
naert, free.

302. Egeria, dwf. or
mod.

303. EHe More
mod.

[mod.

304. Elise F 1 o ry.

305. Elise Sauvage,
dwf. {C en fan
tfouve. )

H.R.
B.

H.R.

H.R.
H.R.

H.R.

H.R.

H.R.

Beng.
T.

E. Verdier, 1879. Red, tinged
with purple.

Rcnard-Courtier, 1840. Carmine-
rose, medium size, double, or
nearly full, fragrant. An ex-
cellent rose.

Leveque, 1877. Raised from
Annie IVocd. Crimson, tinged
with purple.

Deep rose, small, double.

Granger, 1868. (Sent out by
Charles Lee.) Raised from
Jules Margottin. Deep cherry-
rose, large, flat flowers, very
full ; sometimes comes with a
green centre. A fine sort
when well grown.

Schwartz, 1877. Raised from
An'oine Dncher. Red, shaded
with crimson-purple, a bad
color ; medium or small size,
fragrant.

Schwartz, 1878. (Sent out by
Bennett.) Raistd from Jules
Mai'gottin. Salmon-pink, a
very lovely shade ; medium
size, full, semi-globular; not
of good constitution. For ex-
perienced cultivators this is a
superb sort.

Boucharlat, 1867. (Sent out by
Liabaud.) Lilac-rose, full, fra-
grant ; green wood, with occa-
sional red spines; the charac-
ter of its growth is not pleas-
ing. Shy in autumn.

Guillot-pe;e, 1852. Shaded rose.

Mitllez, 1818. Orange-yellow,
medium size. full.

CATALOGUE OF VARIETIES.

227

Name of Variety, and
Habit of Growth.

306. Elise Boelle,
mod. or dwf.

307. Elizabeth Vig-
neron, free.

308, Emile C o u r
tier, fiee.

309. Emilia Plan
tier, free.

310. Emily Hau s
bourg, free.

311. Emily Laxton

312. Empereur de
Maroc, mod.

313. Empereur de
Bresil.

314. Empress of In-
dia, free.

H.N.

H.R.

B.
H.N.

H.Ch

H.R.

H.R.

H.R.
H.R.

Guillot-pere, 1869. White, deli-
cately tinged with pink, me-
dium size, full, beautiful cir-
cular form ; light green wood,
armed with numerous small
spines. A lovely rose.

Vigneron, 1865. (Sent out by W.
Paul.) Raised from Duchess
of Sutherland.) Bright pink,
fragrant ; an xwi^xxoi Miss Has-
sard.

Portemer. Bright red, a good
seed-bearer.

Schwartz, 1S78. Yellowish-white,
semi-double, sometimes dou-
ble, ill formed ; utterly worth-
less.

Leveque, 186S. Lilac-rose, a
muddy shade ; large, full, glob-
ular form, fragrant. Its bad
color de!^troys its usefulness.

Laxton, 1877. (Sent out by G.
Paul.) Belongs to Jules Mar-
go/tintype. Cherry-rose, good
in the bud.

Guinoiseau, 1858. (Sent out by
E. Verdier) Belongs to Giant
of Battles type. Crimson,
tinged with purple.

Soupert & Notting, 1880. Ma-
genta-red.

Laxton, 1876. (Sent out by G.
Paul.) Raised from Trioniphe
des Beaux Arts. Brownish-
crimson, medium size, globu-
lar, fragrant ; dark green foli-
age, spines light colored.
Many of the buds do not open
well, and it is shy in the au-
tumn ; a splendid sort when
perfect.

228

THE ROSE.

Name of Variety, and
Habit of Growth.

315. Ernest Prince.

316. Etienne Du-
puy, vig.

317. Etienne Levet,
mod.

318. Etna, mod.

319. E t o i 1 e d e
Lyon.

320. Eugene Ap-
pert, dvvf. or
mod.

321. Eugene Beau-
harnais, mod.

322. Eugenie G u i -
noiseau, mod.

323. Eugene Pi-
rolle, vig. {/id-
viiral Rignev. )

324. Eugenie Ver-
dier, dwf.

325. Eveque de
Nimes, mod.

326. Exposition de
Brie.

327. Fabvicr.

ILR.
K.Ch.

H.R.

M.

T.

H.R.

Beng.

M.

N.
H.R.

H.R.

H.R.
Beng,

Ducher & Soeur, i88r. Raised
from Antoine Ducher. Red,
shaded in centre.

Levet, 1873. Light rose color,
medium size, cupped shape ;
thick shoots, nearly smooth ;
tough foliage.

Levet, 1871. Raised from Victor
Verdier. Carmine-red ; one
of the finest in ihe type.

Laftay, 1845. Crimson, tinged
with purple. Not of first rank.

Guillot, 1881. Deep yellow; a
rival for Ferle des Jardins,

Trouiilard, 1859. Belongs to
Giiuit of Battles type. Velvety-
maroon, shaded with deep
crimson. A rose of superb
color, but with all the family
failings.

Moreau, 1865. Crimson ; agood
sort, but inferior to Agrippina.

Guinoiseau, 1865. Red, shaded
with violet ; very subject to
mildew ; poor.

Red, tinged with crimson ; near-
ly hardy ; not of high quality.

Guillot-fils, 1869. Raised from
Victor Verdier. Silvery-pink,
tinged with fawn ; a lovely
shade ; fine in the bud. One
of the best of the type.

Damaizin, 1856. Raised from
Giant of Ba ttles. Crimson, il-
lumined with fiery red ; very
tender and delicate.

Granger, 1865. The same as
Maiaice Bernardiji.

LafFay. Rosy - crimson, semi-
double.

CATALOGUK OF VARIETIES.

229

Name of Variety, and
Habit of Growth.

328. Felicien D a -
vid.

329. Felicite Per-
petuelle, vig.

330. Felix Genero.

331. Fellemberg,
vig.

332. Ferdinand
Chaffolte.

333. Ferdinand de
Lesseps, free.

334. Firebrand,
dwf.

l^' 335- FisherHolmes,
free.

336. Flag of the
Union.

337. Fla ve sc e n s,
mod. {Yellow
Tea.)

H.R.
Ev.

H.R.

N.

H.R.

H.R.
H.R.

H.R.

E. Verdicr, 1872. Deep rose,
tinged with purple.

Jacques, 1828. Creamy-white,
small, full. Must be sparing-
ly pruned.

Damaizin, 1866. Violet-rose.

Rosy - crimson. Like Eugene
Pirolle.

Pernet, 1879. Reddish-crimson,
not well formed, without fra-
grance ; does not seem an ad-
dition of merit.

E. Verdier, 1869. See Maurice
Bernardiit.

Labruyere, 1873. (Sent out by
W. Paul.) Crimson, medium
size, double, good, circular
form, cup-shaped, fragrant;
shy in autumn. Not unlike
Andr^ Leroy.

E. Verdier, 1865. May be briefly
described as an improved Gen-
eral Jacqueminot ; the flowers
are fuller and more freel}^ pro-
duced. A very valuable sort.

Described by Hallock & Thorpe
as '*a sport from Bi7i Silene,
being a fac-simile of ilie parent
in habit of growth and free-
dom of bloom ; the flowers are
equal in size to Bort Silene.
The markings are not quite so
distinct as in Avierican Ban-
ner,i.e. the predominant color
is rose instead of while, but
each flower is regular))^ mark-
ed; it is a very pleasing va-
riety."

Introduced from China about
1824. Light yellow, long, fine
buds, fragrant. This has been

230

THE KOSE.

Name of Varietv, and
Habit of Growth.

338. Flora Nabon-
nand, mod.

339. Fon t e n e 1 1 e,
mod.

340. Font e n e 1 1 e.

341. Fortunei, vig.

342. Fortune's Dou-
ble Yellow, vjg.

343. Francois
Arago, mod.

344. F r a n 9 o i s
Courtin, free.

345. F r a n 5 o i s
Fontaine, mod.

346. Francois
Gaulain.

347. F r a n 9 o i s
Herincq.

348. Francois
Lacharme, free.

349. F r a n 9 o i s
Louvat.

350. F r a n 9 o i s
Level.

351. F r a n 9 o i s
Michelon, free.

T.
M.
H.R
Bk.
Bk.

H.R.
H.R.

H.R.

H.R.
H.R.
H.R.

H.R.
H.R.

H.R.

the parent of many of our fin-
est yellow '1 eas.

Nabonnand, 1877. Canary-yel-
low, edged with rose.

Vibert, 1849. Rose color, not
mossy ; poor.

Moreau-Robert, 1877. Carmine-
red.

Introduced by Fortune, from
China, in 1850. Blush-white.

Introduced by Fortune, from
China, in 1845. Bronzed yel-^
low.

Trouillard, 1859. Belongs to
Giant of Battles type. Velvety-
maroon, illumined with fiery
red. Resembles Lord Raglan,

E. Verdier, 1873. Cherry-red,
shaded with crimson, semi-
globular, full, somewhat fra-
grant ; thorns yellowish red.

C. Fontaine, 1867. Rosy-crim-
son, fine, globular form, in the
style of Senateur Vaisse.

Schwartz, 1878. Deep purplish
crimson.

E. Verdier, 1878. Red, globular
form.

V. Verdie:, 1861. Rosy car-
mine, tinged with deep violet-
red.

Violet-red, globular form.

A. Levet, 1880. Cherry-rose,
medium size ; st)'le of Fatd
Verdier.

Levet, 1871. Raised from La
Reine. Deep rose, tinged with
lilac, very large, full, of fine,
globular form ; fragrant, free-
blooming. The wood and

CATALOGUE OF VARIETIES.

231

Name of Variety, and
Habit of Growth

352. F r a n 9 o i s
Premier, mod.

353. F r a n 9 o i s
Treyve.

354. Gabriel Tour-
nier, free.

355. Gaston Le-
veque, free or
mod.

356. Gem o f the
Prairies, free

— General Due
d'Aumale.

357. General J a c •
queminot, vig.

358. General J a c -
queminot, vig.

H.R.
H.R.
H.R.

H.R.

P.

H.Ch.
H.R.

359. General Simp-
son, free.

360. General Tar-
tas, free.

H.R.

foliage are light-green, erect
habit, thorns not numerous,
wood long jointed, the foliage
somewhat crimpled. A very
distinct choice sort ; excel-
ling in June and July, when
other kinds are past their
prime, and also in the au-
tumn.

Trouillard, 1858. Red, shaded
with crimson.

Liabaud, 1866. Fiery-red, glob-
ular form.

Levet, 1876. In habit like Pa:-
onia. Rosy-red, lar^e, glob-
ular fiowers, free in autumn.

Leveque, 1878. Bright rosy-
crimson, large, full ; spines of
yellowish-green.

A. Burgess, 1865. Believed to
be from Queen of Paris X Ma-
dame Laffay. Rosy-red. Oc-
casionally blotched with while;
large, flat flowers, slightly fra-
grant.

See Due d'Aumale.

Laffay, 1846. Purple-crimson.

Rouselet, 1853. A probable
seedling from the old Hybrid
China Gloire des Kosoinanes.
Brilliant crimson, not full, but
large and extremely effective ;
fragrant, and of excellent,
hardy habit.

Ducher, 1855. Cherry-rose me-
dium size, pretty form ; erect
growth, tender.

Bernede. Deep, mottled rose,
sometimes tmged with buff";

232

THE ROSE,

Name of Variety, and
Habit of Growth

361. General Von
Moltke. mod.

362. General Wash-
ington, mod.

H.R.

H.R.

363. Genie de Cha- H.R.
t e a u b r i a n d , !

free or mod. |

364. George Baker.; H.R.

365. Ge orge Mo- H.R.
reau, vig.

366. George Pea
^ body, mod.

367. George Prince,
free or vig.

368. George the
Fourth, vig.

B.

H.R.
H.Ch.

369. George Vibert, Prov.
free.

beautiful buds, good habit.
An excellent rose.

Bell & Son, 1873. Raised from
Charles Lefebvre. Same style
as the parent, but much infe-
rior to it.

Granger, 1861. Raised from
T7 ioniphe de I ' Expos i tion . Red,
shaded with crimson, large,
very full, flat form ; the flow-
ers are often mallormed, great-
ly lessening its value. A pro-
fuse bloomer, and when in
perfection, a very fine sort.

Oudin. Violet-rose, very large,
full, flat, or quartered shape.
A bad colored rose.

G. Paul, 1881. "Pure lake,
shaded with cerise, almost
mildew proof; in the way of
Dupuy Jamain, but distinct.*'

Moreau-Robcrt, 18S0. Raised
kom Paul Neyroii. Bright red,
shaded with vermilion, very
large, full, opening well.

J. Pentland, 1857. Probably
Uom. Paul Joseph. Rosy-crim-
son, medium or small size,
full, well formed, fragrant.
One of the best Bourbons,
highly commended.

V. Verdier, 1864. Rosy-crimson,
quite smooth wood ; a free
blooming, excellent rose.

Rivers. Cr mson, semi-double
or double ; no longer of any
value.

Robert, 1S53. Rosy -purple,
striped with white, medium
size.

CATALOGUE OF VARIETIES.

$J33

Name of Variety, and
Habit of Growth.

y 370. Gerard D e s
bois, vig.

371. Giant of Bat
ties, dwf.

372. Gigantesqu e ,
free.

373. Gloire de Bor-
deaux, vig.

374. Gloire d e
B o u r g - 1 a •
Reine, mod.

375. Gloire d e
Dijon, vig.

376. Gloire de Du-
cher, vig.

. Gloire de Pa

ris.

377. Gloire des Ro-
somanes, free.

378. Gloire de San-

T.
H.R.

Cl.T.

H.R.

Cl.T.

H.R.

H.R.

B.
H.R.

Bright red, of good form ; one of
the hardiest, and most useful
in the class.

Nerard, 1846. Sent out by Guil-
lot-pere. Deep, fier}^ crimson,
veiy brilliant and rich when
first opening, but quickly
fades, medium or small size,
full, well formed, handsome,
Bourbon-like foliage, very lia
ble to mildew. This variety
and all of its type are of del-
icate constitution.

Odier, 1845. Deep rose, some-
times mottled ; often fine, but
apt to come malformed or
somewhat coarse.

Lartoy, 1861. Raised from Gloire
de Dijon. Rose color, tinged
with fawn.

Margottin, 1879. Vivid red, dou-
ble.

Jacotot, 1853. In color a com-
bination of rose, salmon and
yellow ; flowers very large,
very full, good globular form,
the outer petals inclined to
fade. A very useful rose, prob-
ably the hardiest of the Teas.

Ducher, 1864. Crimson-purple,
large, very full, subject to mil-
dew. If the color were perma-
nent,thiswouldbeagood kind.

A deceit. Sent out as a new
sort ; it is but Anne de Dies-
bach,

Vibert. Brilliant crimson, semi-
double.

Ducher, 1859. Raised from C^«-

234

THE KOSE,

Name of Variety, and
Habit of Gkowth.

tenay, free or
mod.

37g. Gloire de Vi-

try, free.
380. Glory of Ches-

hunt, vig.

3S1. Glory of Moss-
es, mod.

382. Glory of Wal-
tham.

383. Goubault, freej
or mod.

384. Gracilis, free,

{Prolific.)

H.R.
H.R.

M.

H.Cl.
T.

M.

385. Great Western, H.Ch.
free.

386. Greville, vig. Mult.
{Seven Sicters,)

3S7. GuillaumeGil-l II. R.
lemont.

388. Gustave Thier-
ry-
^389. Harrison Weir,
free or mod.

390. Harrison's
Yellow, free.

H.R.
H.R.

e7^al Jacqueminot. Crimson,
tinged with violet ; out of
date.

Masson, 1855. Raised from La
Ixeine. Bright rose.

G. Paul, 1880. Raised from
Charles Lefebvre. Rich crim-
son, double, very effeciive.

Vibert, 1852. Pale rose, very
large, full, flat form; not at-
tractive in the bud ; the foli-
age is very large.

Vigneron, 1865. (Sent out by
W. Paul.) Crimson, double,
fragrant.

Goubault, 1843. Rose, tinged
with salmon ; resembles Bon
Silene, but inferior to it.

Deep pink buds, surrounded
with delicate, fringe-like moss.
The most beautiful of all the
moss roses.

Laflfay. Red, shaded with crim-
son, double, fragrant ; poor.

Blush, tinged and striped with
various shades, small or me-
dium size ; a tender variety of
no value.

Schwartz, 18S0. Raised from
Ala da in e Ch a rles Wood, R o sy -
carmine.

Oger, 1880. Cherry-red.

Turner, 1879 Raised from
Charles Lefebvre X Xavier
Olibo. Velvety crimson, bright-
ened with scarlet.

Harrison, 1830. Golden yellow,
medium size, semi-double;
generally has nine leaflets, a

CATALOGUE OF VARIETIES.

235

Name of Variety, and
Habit of Growth.

391. Helen Paul,

392. Helvetia.

393. Henri Lecoq,
dwf.

394. Henri L e d e-
chaux, dwf.

395. Henri Martin.

396. Henry Bennett,
mod.

397. Hermosa,mod.
(A rm OS a, o r
St'tina.)

398. Hippolyte Ja-
main, mod.

399. Homer, vig.

H.R.

T.

T.

H.R.

M.
H.R.

B.
H.R.

T.

freer bloomer than Persian
Yellow. Tills is believed to
be a hybrid between the com-
mon Austrian and a Scotch
rose.

Lacharme, 1881. Raised from
Victor Verdier X SonibreuiL
White, sometimiCS shaded with
pink ; large globular flowers.

Ducher, 1873. Pink, tinged with
fawn.

Ducher, 1871. Rosy-flesh, small,
beautiful buds ; delicate habit.

Ledechaux, 1868. Belongs to
Victor Verdier type. Carmine-
rose.

Portemer, 1862. Red, not valu-
able.

Lacharme, 1875. Raised from

' Charles Lefebvre, Crimson,
medium size, mildews, and
burns badly ; shy in autumn,
and of no value.

Marcheseau, 1840. Bright rose,
medium or small size, double ;
constantly in flower, bushy
habit.

Lacharme, 1874. Belongs to
Victor Verdier type. Carmine-
red, well built flowers; the
foliage when young has a
deeper shade of red than is
seen in any other sort, and is
also the handsomest. We find
this the hardiest of the type.

Moreau-Robert, 1859. Salmon-
rose, often richly mottled ; a
free bloomer, moderately
hardy, best in the open air ;
the buds are very beautiful.

236

THE ROSE.

Name of Variety, and
Habit of Growth.

/. 400. Hon. George
Bancroft, dvvf.
or mod.

J, 401. Horace Vernet,
dvvf. or mod.

402. Hortensia,
free.

403. H y m e n e e,
mod.

404. Ida, mod.

405. Impe ra t ri c e
Eugenie, free.

406. Tnnocen te
Pirola, mod.

H.T.

H.R.

T.
T.

Beng

even though of variable shades.
Certainly one of the most use-
ful tea roses.

Bennett, 1879. From ATadanie
de St. Joseph X Lord MacaU'
lay. Red, sliaded with violet-
crimson, large, full flowers,
and good, pointed buds ; of-
ten comes malformed ; highly
scented, a combination of the
perfumes found in the parent
varieties ; the wood is nearly
smooth, the foliage is large,
dark, and handsome. The
color is not deep enough, and
is too sullied to make this of
value for winter-forcing.

Guillot-fils, 1866. Crimson, il-
lumined with scarletj large,
double ; of beautiful wavy
outline; nearly smooth wood,
of delicate constitution. Few
roses have such love y form as
this.

Ducher, 1871. Rose color, back
of petals a washed-out pink ;
a coarse, poor sort.

Laffay. Pale sulphur-yellow,
large, full.

Madame Ducher, 1875. Pale
yellow, double.

Beluze, 1855. Silvery-rose, me-
dium size, full, fragrant ; a
good variety, and would be
very useful had we not La
France. Subject to mildew;
shows Bourbon character.

Madame Ducher, 1878. Clouded
white, medium size, full, well-
formed buds. In the style of

CATALOGUE OF VARIETIES.

2,37

Name of Variety, and p
Habit of Gkowth. '-lass.

407. Isabella (Bella),
mod. or free-

408. Isabella Gray,
free.

409. Isabella
Sprunt, free.

[free.

410. Jacques Lafitte,

411. James Sprunt,
vig.

412. James Veitch,
dwf.

Jaune Desprez.
413. Jaune d'Or,
dwf.

414. Jean B o d i n,
free.

415. Jean Brosse,
mod.

T.

N.

H.R.
Beng.

P.M.

N.
T.

M.
H.R.

Niphetos^ but is inferior to it
in all respects save mere vigor
of growth.

Cels, 1838. Creamy-while ; once
a popular sort.

Andrew Gray, 1S54. Raised from
Cloth of GolcT. Gol d e n y e 1 1 o w ;
has the good and bad qualities
of the parent.

Rev. James M. Sprunt, D.D.,
1865. (Sent out by Isaac
Buchanan.) A sport from
Safrano. Sulphur yellow, very
beautiful in the bud. Well
known as one of the most use-
ful kinds.

Vibert, 1846. Rosy-crimson.

Rev. James Sprunt, 1858. (Sent
out by P. Henderson.) A
climbing sport from A grip-
pitta . Crimson, the same color
as the parent sort, but the flow-
ers are fuller and larger. It is
not so free flowering as Agrip-
pina, but a desirable rose.

E. Verdier, 1865. Violet-crim-
son, a sullied color, medium
or large size, poor shape ;
blooms freely, very subject to
mildew.

See Desprez.

Oger, 1864. Coppery-yellow,
medium size, full, very deli-
cate habit. One of the sweet-
est in the class.

Vibert, 1847. Light rose, quar-
tered shape, fragrant, not
mossy.

Ducher, 1867. Rose color, me-
dium size, cup form.

238

THE ROSE.

Name of Variety, and
Habit of Growth.

416. Jean Cherpiii,
free.

417. Jean Dalmais,
mod.

418. Jean Ducher,
free or mod.

419. Jean Goujon,
vig.

420. Jean Uardy.

H.R.

H.R.
T.

H.Ch,

N.

421. Jean Lambert, H.R.
vig.

422. Jean Liabaud, II. R.
free.

423. Jean Lorthois,
free or vig.

424. Jean Monford,

vig.

425. Jean Pernet,
free.

426. Jean S i s 1 cy,
mod.

T,
M.
T.

H.T.

Liabaud, 1865. Plum color,
double, ofien semi-double, in-
clined to burn ; fragrant and
a fine seed parent. One of the
richest shades of color yet
pjoduced.

Ducher, 1873. Rose, tinged with
violet, globular, fragrant.

Madame Ducher, 1874. Bronzed-
rose, large, very full, globular
form ; not to be depended on,
but very beautiful when well
grown.

Margottin, 1862. Red, large or
very large, full, ncaily smooth
wood ; of second quality.

Hardy, 1859. Golden yellow,
medium size, full; an inferior
Isabella Gmy.

E. Verdier, 1866. Deep red,
very large, full, flat form.

Liabaud, 1875. A seedling from
Bai'on de Bo7istelten. Crimson-
maroon, illumined with scar-
let, large, full ; a lovely rose,
but shy in the autumn.

Madame Ducher, 1879. Rose,
reverse of the petals silvery
pink.

Robert, 1852. Rose color, quite
pretty in bud, subject to mil-
dew, not free.

Pernet, 1867. Light yellow,
sufTused with salmon, beauti-
ful buds ; a fine tea, but is
now surpassed by Perk des
Jardi7is.

Bennett, 1879. Raised from
President X Emily Hau^burgh,
Lilac-rose, large, very full,

CATALOGUE OF VARIETIES.

239

Name of Varietv, and
Habit of Growth.

427. Jean Soupert.
mod. or free.

428. Jeanne d'Arc,
vig.

429. Joasine Hanet
vig.

430. John Bright,
mod.

431. John Cranston.

432. John Hopper,
free.

433. John Keynes,

free.
434 John Saul, free.

435. John Stuart
Mill, free.

H.R.

N.
H.R.

H.R.

M.

H.R.

H.R.
H.R.

H.R.

without fragrance ; very sub-
ject to mildew. The color is
bad, and the buds rarely open
well ; it is entirely worthless.

Lacharme, 1975. Crimson-ma-
roon, in the way of Jean Lia-
baiid ; dark green foliage, with
many thorns ; not free in the
autumn.

V. Verdier, 1848. White, an in-
ferior Lajnarqiie.

Belongs to the old Portland
group. Deep rose, tinged
with violet, medium size, full,
quartered shape ; fragrant,
very hardy, a profuse bloomer.
The color and form are bad,
and destroy its usefulness.

G. Paul, 1878. Bright crimson,
medium size.

E. Verdier, 1862. Violet-red,
medium size.

Ward, 1862. From Jules Mar-
gottin X MadameVidoi. Bright
rose, with carmine centre,
large and full, semi-globular ;
light red thorns, stout bushy
growth. A free blooming,
standard sort.

E. Verdier, 1865. Red, shaded
with maroon.

Madame Ducher, 1878. Raised
from Antoine Ducher. Red,
back of the petals carmine,
semi-globular.

Turner, 1875. Raised from
Beauty of Waltham, Rosy-
crimson, large, full, ordouble;
does not bloom until late ; shy
in the autumn.

210

THE KOSE.

Name of Variety, and
Habit of Growth.

436. Joseph Bernac-
chi, vig.

437. Jules Chretien,
mod.

438. Jules Chretien,
free.

439. Jules Finger,
free.

440. Jules Jurgen-
sen.

441. Jules Margot-
tin, free.

442. Julie Mansais,
mod.

443. Julie Touvais,
mod.

444. Julius Finger,
mod.

445. King of the
Prairies, vig.

446. King's Acre,

447. La Brillanle,
mod.

448. La Fontaine,
free.

H.R.
T.

B.
H.R.

T.
H.R.

H.T.

P.

H.R.
H.R.

H.Ch.

Madame Ducher, 1S78. Yel-
lowish-white, pale }eliow at
centre.

Schwartz, 1878. Belongs to the
Prince Camille type. Crimson,
tinged with purple.

Damaizin, 1870. Bright rose ;
not valuable.

Madame Ducher, 1879. From
Cathejine Merniet X Madame
de Tartas. Red, with a silvery
lustre ; a promising sort.

Schwartz, 1879. Magenta-rose.

Margottin, 1S53. Probably from
La Reine. Carmine rose, large,
full, somewhat flat, slight fra-
grance ; five to seven leaflets,
foliage light green, and some-
what crimpled ; wood armed
with dark red thorns ; free
flowering and hardy..

Creamy-white, sweet scented,
beautiful ; delicate in habit.

Touvais, 1868. Satin)'-pink. very
large, full ; fine, but unreli-
able.

Lacharme, 1879. From Victor
Verdier X Sonihreitil. Salmon-
pink, in the style of Captain
Christy ; a promising sort.

Feast, 1S43. Pale rose.

Cranston, 1864. Vermilion.

V. Verdier, 1862. Bright crim-
son, a clear shads, large,
double, fragrant ; a free bloom-
er.

Guinoisseau, 1855. Red tinged
with violet.

CATALOGUE OF VAKIETIE3.

241

Name of Variety, and
Habit of Growth

4-19. La France,
mod.

450. La Grandeur,
free or vig.

451. La Jonquille,
mod.

452. La Lune, mod.

453. La Motte San-
guin, mod.

454. La Nuancee,
mod.

455. La Princessc
Vera, free.

456. La Reine, free
or vig.

457. La Rosi^ re,
free.

H.T.

T.
T.

H.R.
T.
T.

H.R.

H.R.

Guillot-fils, 1S67. From seed
of a Tea ruse. Silvery-rose,
changing to pink, very large,
full, glubular ; a most con-
stant bloomer, and the sweet-
est of all roses. If the buas
remain firm, by pressing gently
the point and blowing into the
centre, the flowers will, al-
most invariably, expand. An
invaluable sort.

Nabonnand, 1877. Violet-rose,
very large, full.

Ducher, 187 1. Raised from La-
inarqite. Jonquil-yellow, semi-
double, sometimes single; me-
dium or small size.

Nabonnand, 1878. Creamy-yel-
low, deeper colored in centre,
rrtedium size, large petals,
semi-double.

Vigneron, 1869. Carmine-red,
large or very large.

Guillot-fils, 1875. Blush, tinged
with fawn, medium size, full.

Nabonnand, 1878. Flesh, bor-
dered with coppery-rose, full,
well formed ; a distinct good
sort.

Laffay, 1843. Glossy-rose, large,
full, semi-globular form, some-
what fragrant ; the foliage
slightl)^ crimpled, five to seven
leaflets. A very hardy, useful
rose, though no longer the
queen.

Damaizin, 1874. Belongs to the
P7 ince Ca7}i ilk ty p e. Crimson,
the flowers are identical in
color and form with Prince

243

THE ROSE.

Name of Variety, and
Habit of Growth.

458. La Saumonee
vig.

459. LaSouveraine,
vig.

460. La Sylphide,
free.

461. La T u 1 i p e,
mod.

462. La Ville de
Bruxelles, free.

463. Lady Emily
Peel, mod. or
free.

464. Lady Ford-
wick, free.

465. Lady Sheffield.

466. Lady Stuart,
I free.

467. Lady Warren-
der.

468. Laelia.

469 Lamarque, vig.

H.Cl.

H.R.

T.
T.

Dam.
H.N.

H.Ch.

H.R.

H.Ch.

Beng.
H.R.

N.

Camille, but seem a little fuller,
and are more freely produced,
the habit of growth, too, seems
somewhat stronger ; it may
usurp the place of its rival.

Margottin, 1877. Belongs to the
Jziles Margottiniy^Q. Salmon-
rose, medium size ; non-au-
tumnal.

E. Verdier, 1874. Rose color,
large flowers, semi-double or
double, cupped form ; inferior.

Laffay. Blush, with fawn centre,
very large, double.

Ducher, 1870. Creamy- white,
tinted with carmine, semi-
double.

Vibert, 1836. Rose color, large,
full, flat ; branching habit.

Lacharme, 1862. From Blanche
Lafitte y, Sappho. White, ting-
ed with blush.

LafFay, 1838. Deep rose, cup-
shaped.

W. Paul (fe Son, 1881. Cherry-
red.

Portemer, 1852. Pink, changing
to blush ; five to seven-leaf-
lets.

See Clara Sylvain.

Crozy, 1857. See Louise Pey-
ronny.

Marechal, 1830. White, with
sulphur centre, sometimes
pure white, very large, full,
somewhat fragrant, generally
seven leaflets. A superb
climbing rose, quite too much
neglected.

CATALOGUE OF VARIETIES.

243

Name of Variety, and
Habit of Growth.

470. Lamarque s
fleurs jaunes.
free.

471. Laneii.

472. L* Ebl o u i s-
sante, mod.

473. L'Esperance,
free.

474. L'Enfant du
Mont-Carmel,
vig.

475. Le Havre,

mod.
476 Le Mont Blanc,

mod.

477. Le N a n k i n,
mod. or dwf.

478. Le P a ct ol e,
dwf. or mod.

479. Le Rhone, free
or mod.

480. Led a. (Paintea
Damask),

481. Leon Renault,
free or vig.

N.
M.

H.R.
H.R.
H.R.

H.R.
T.

H.R.

Dam.
H.R.

Ducher, 1871. Pale yellow, me-
dium size, in the style of the
former sort, but inferior in all
respects.

Laffay, 1854. (Sent out by Lane
& Son.) Red, good foliage,
with five leaflets ; not subject
to mildew. Propagates with
great difficulty from cuttings.

Touvais, 1861. Rosy-crimson,
very large, double.

Fontaine, 1S71. Cherry-red,
large, full, flat form, fragrant.

Cherpin, 1851. (Sent out by
Ducher.) Violet-rose, a muddy
shade, large, full, flat form,
fragrant, red spines ; inclined
to mildew.

Eude, 1871. Vermilion, beauti-
fully formed.

Ducher, 1869. Pale lemon-yel-
low, growing lighter as the
flowers expand ; good in the
bud.

Ducher, 1871. Pale yellow,
shaded coppery-} ellow, pretty
in the bud state ; rather deli-
cate habit.

Madame Pean. From Lainarqtie
X Yellow Tea. Very pale yel-
low, beautiful buds.

Guillot-fils, 1862. Raised from
General Jacqueminot. Ver-
milion, tinged with crimson,
large, well formed.

Blush, edged with lake.

Madame Ledechaux, 1 878.
Cherry-red, very large, full ;
promises well.

244

THE ROSE.

Name of Variety, and
Habit of Gkovvth.

482. Leopold Haus-
burgh, free.

483. Leopold Pre-
mier, free.

484. L e tty Coles,
free.

485. Leveson Cow-
er, mod.

486. Lion des Com-
bats, free or
mod.

487. Little Gem.
dwf.

4S8. Lord Beacons-
field.

489. Lord Clyde,
mod.

490. Lord Macau-
lay, free or
mod.

491. Lord Palmers-
ton, free.

492. Lord Raglan,
mod.

H.R
H.R.

T.
B.

H.R.

M.
H.R.

H.R.

H.R.

H.R.

H.R.

jGranger, 1863. Belongs to Jac

! queniinot type. Deep violet-

! red, a bad color.

jVanassche, 1863. Belongs to

j Jacqtieminot type. Deep red

j shaded crimson, thorns not

I very numerous ; a good sort
but not free in the autumn.

Keynes, 1876. A spoit from
Madame Willermoz. White,
wiih pink centre.

Beluze, 1846. Deep rose, tinged
with salmon, the flowers are
of the same character as Mai-
maison.

Larta)^ i 8 5 i. Violet-rose,
double, subject to mildew ;
worthless.

W. Paul, 1880. Crimson, very
small, full ; a miniature sort.

Schwartz, 1878. (Sent out by
Bennett.) Crimson, large, well
formed.

G. Paul, 1863. Rosy-crimson,
large, double ; subject to mil-
dew.

1863. (Sent out by W. Paul.)
Fiery-crimson, much the color
seen in Charles Lefebvre, large,
double, well formed, fragrant ;
this is still a good rose.

Margottin, 1858. Caimine-red,
tinged with vermilion, double,
well formed ; bushy habit,
light grten wood and foliage,
a few light-colored spines.
A good garden rose.

Guillot-pere, 1854. Raised from
Giant of Battles. Burgundy
crimson, a lovely shade; ten-
der and shy in autumn.

CATALOGUE OF VARIETIES.

245

Namr of Variety, and
Habit of Gnowth.

/

493. Louis XIV.,
dwf.

494. Louis Barlet.
free.

495. Louis Chaix,
dwf.

496. Louis D o r e ,
mod. or free.

497. Louis Phil-
ippe, mod.

498. Louis Rich-
ard, free.

499. Louis Van
Houtte, free.

500. Louis Van
Houtte, dwf. or
mod.

501. Louis d'Ar.
zens, mod. or
free.

502. Louise de Sa-
voie, Mod.

503. Louise Odier,
vig.

504. Louise Pey-
ronny, mod.
{L(sHa.)

H.R.

T.
H.R.
H.R.

Beng,
T.

H.R.

H.R.

H.N.

T.

B.
H.R.

Guillot-fils, 1859. Raised from
General yacqiLeminot. Rich
crimson, double ; a beautiful
shade.

Madame Ducher, 1875. Pale
yellow, tinged with fawn.

Lacharme, 1857. Raised from
Giant of Battles. Crimson.

Fontaine, 1878. Red, large,
full ; little or no fragrance,
bushy growth.

Crimson ; an inferior Agrip-
pina.

Madame Ducher, 1877. Cop-
per}^ rose, the centre some-
times deep red.

Granger, 1863. Red, tinged
with crimson, reddish thorns ;
not of first quality.

Lacharme, 1869. Said to be from
Charles Lefebvre. Crimson-
maroon, medium size, some-
times large, full, semiglobu-
lar form ; large foliage, fewer
thorns than most other dark
roses, highly perfumed. This is
a tender sort, but it is very free
blooming, and decidedly the
finest crimson yet sent out.

Lacharme, 1861. White tinged
wiih blush ; superseded by
Coquette des Bla7iches,

Ducher, 1855. Pale yellow,
beautiful buds ; much like Le
Padole.

Margottin, 185T. Bright rose,
medium size, full, well formed,
hardy.

Lacharme, 1851. Raised from
La Reine, Silvery rose.

246

THE ROSE.

Name of Variety, and /-.
Habit of Gkovvth.

505. Lyonnaise,
mod.

506. Ma Capucine,
dwf.

507. Mabel Morri-
son, mod.

508. M m e . A d e -
laide Cote.

509. Mme. Alboni,
dwf.

510. Mme. Alexan-
d r e Bernaix,
mod.

511, Mme. Alfred
Carriere, free
or vig.

H.R.

H.R.

H.R.

M.

H.T.

H.N.

Lacharme, 1871. Belongs to the
Victor Verdi eriy^e. Pink, with
deeper centre, fades quickly;
a coarse, inferior sort.

Levet, 1871. Raised from the
Noisette Ophirie. Nasturtium
5'ellow, beautiful buds ; a very
distinct rose, which, from its
delicate habit, is useless for
ordinary cultivators to attempt
growing.

Broughton, 1878. (Sent out by
Bennett.) A sport from j5^ r-
oness Rothschild. Flesh white,
changing to pure white, in the
autumn it is sometimes tinged
with pink ; semi-double, cup-
shaped flowers. In all, save
substance of petal and color,
this variety is identical with
the parent ; though not so full
as we would like, it is yet a
very useful garden rose, and
occasionally it is good enough
for exhibition.

Schmitt, 1881. "Reddish-crim-
son, in the style of Cardinal
Patrizzi. "

V. Verdier, 1850. Pink, very
large, ver)^ full, flat ; much
like Glory of Mosses, and, like
that kind, too full to be pretty
in the bud state.

Guillot-fils, 1877. Salmon-rose,
petals sometimes edged with
blush ; has true Tea odor,
though not strong. A prom-
ising variety.

Schwartz, 1879. White, not free
blooming, undesirable.

CATALOGUE OF VARIETIES.

247

Name of Variety, and
Habit of Growth.

512. Mme. Alfred
de Rougemont,
mod.

513. Mme. Alice
Dureau, free.

5M.

Mme. Al-
phonse Laval -
lee, mod.

H.R

515-

Mme. Ama-
dieu.

T.

516.

Mme. Amelie
Baltet.

H.R.

517.

Mme. Andre
Lerov, vig.

H.R.

518.

Mme. Angele
Jacquier, free
or mod.

T.

519

Mme. Anna de
BesobrasofF,
mod.

H.R

520.

Mme. Anna de
Besobrasoff,
free.

H.R

521.

Mme. Auguste
Perrin. mod.

H.N

522. Mme. Azelie T.
Imbert, free,

523. Mme. Barillet T.
Deschamps.

524. Mme. Barth^l- T.
emv Levet.

525. Mme. Bel-' H.N

H.N.

H.R.

Lacharme, 1S62. Raised from
Blanche Lafitte X Sappho.
White, tinged with pink ; sur-
passed by Coquettedes Blanches.

Vigneron, 1868. Belongs to
La Reine type. Rose color ;
much like the parent, but more
shy in the autumn.

E. Verdier, 1878. Carmine-red,
in the style of Aljred Colomb ;
a promising variety.

Pernet, 18S0. Bright rose, dou-
ble, large.

E. Verdier, 1878. Satin3'-rose,
well formed.

Trouillard, 1865. Salmon-rose,
large, double.

Guillot-fils, 1879. Bright rose,
base of petals coppery yellow ;
a good deal the build of Cath-
erine Mermet. I am well
pleased with the appearance
of this kind.

Nabonnand, 1877. Flesh color,
the centre shaded with rose,
medium size.

Gonod, 1877. Raised from
Charles Lefibvre. Deep red,
shaded with purple.

Schwartz, 1878. Mottled pink,
small or medium size, well
formed ; a new color in this
class. We are most favorably
impressed with it.

Levet, 1870. Raised from Mme.
Falcot. Pale yellow.

Bernede, 1855. White, centre
creamy-yellow.

Levet, 1879. Canary-yellow,
medium size.

Guillot-pere, 1866. Belongs to

348

THE ROSE.

Name of Varirtv, and
Habit of Growth.

1 e n d e n Ker,
mod.
526. Mme. Berard,
vig.

527. Mme. Bern-
ard, mod.

528. Mme. Bernutz,
free.

529. Mme. Boll ,
vig.

Cl.T.

530

Mme.
mod.

Boutin,

H.R.

531.

Mme.
dvvf.

Bouton,

M.

532.

Mme.

Bravy,

T.

mod.

or free.

{Alba

Rosea,

Mf?te.

Serat.)

533.

M me. Bre-

T.

mond,

dvvf.

534.

Mme.
mod.

Bruel,

H.R.

535.

Mme.

Bureau,

Beng

mod.

[free.

536.

Mme.

Caillat,

H R.

537-

Mme.
vig.

Camille,

T.

H.R.
H.R.

Eliza Boelle type. White, cen-
tre blush ; very beautiful.
Levet, 1870. Raised from Gloii-e
de Dijon. Very similar to the
parent ; the flowers are some-
what less full, of a fresher
shade, and are better in the
bud state.

Levet, 1875. Raised from Mme.
Falcoi. Coppery-yellow, me-
dium sized, distinct.

Jamain, 1874. Satiny-rose, very
large, full.

Daniel Boll, 1859. (Sent out by
B lyeau.) Belongs to Baronne
Pievost type. Carmine-rose ;
a very effective garden sort ;
very stout shoots, five leaflets
only, there are seven in Boiel-
dieii, a kindred variet}^

Jamain, 1861. Red, large, full ;
a good garden rose.

Deep rose, mildews badly ; re-
sembles Oscar Le Clerc.

Guillot, of Pont Cherin, 1848.
(Sent out by Guillot of Lyons.)
Cream)^-whi.e, large, full, of
very symmetrical form and
great fragrance ; one of the
most beautiful and useful in
the class.

Guillot-fils, 1866. Violet-red.

Levet, iSSi. Raised from Couiit-
ess of Oxford. Carmine-rose.
White, tinged with blush.

E. Verdier, i86r. Cherry-rose.

Guillot-fils, 1871. Mushroom-
color, large, coarse flowers;
not worthy of cultivation.

CATALOGUE OF VARIETIES.

249

Name of Variety, and
Habit of Growth, j

Class.

538. Mme. Cara-I P.
dori Allan, vig.!

539. Mme. Cam. I T.

I

540. Mme. Caro-| N.
line Kuster,!
free.

541. Mme. Celina T.
Noirey, vig.

542. Mme. Charles
free.

543. Mme. Charles
Crapelet, v.g.

T.

H.R.

544. Mme. Charles H.R,
Veidier, free or

vig.

545. Mme. Charles
Wood, dwf.

H.R.

546. Mme. Chate,i H.R.
mod.

547. Mme. Che-! T.
dane Guinois-!
seau, free.

548. Mme. Chirard.' H.R.

Bright pink, semi-
Salmon-yellow,

Feast, 1843.
double.

Levet, 1880.
medium size.

Pernet, 1873. Pale yellow, often
mottled with rose; a free
blooming,excellent shrub rose,
one of the best bedding kinds.

Guillot-fils, 1868. Salmon, the
outer petals washed out pink,
very large, very full ; a coarse
flov/er, of dirty shade.

Damaizin, 1864. Raised from
Safrano. Apricot color; in
the \\2iyo{ Mme. Falcot.

Fontaine, 1859. Cherry-red, me-
dium or large size, fragrant
and good ; wood armed with
numerous thorns.

Lacharme, 1864. Belongs to the
Baronne Prevost type. Rosy
vermilion, very large, a free
bloomer.
E. Verdier, 1861. Reddish crim-
son, large or very large, nearly
full ; one of the freest flower-
ing kinds, but not of first
quality. Occasionall}^ as with
General Washington ^ some
first-rate blooms are produced.
Fontaine, 1871. Cherry-red.

Leveque, 1880. Canary-yellow,
thought to be a valuable variety
for the buds ; probably in the
style of Isabella Spriint.

Pernet, 1867. Rose, tinged with
vermilion, full, peculiar rich
scent ; bushy habit, shy in
autumn, many malformed
fl jwers.

250

THE ROSE,

Name of Variety, and
Habit of Growth.

549. Mme. Clem-
ence J o i g-
neaux, vig.

550. Mme. CI e rt,
mod.

551. Mme. Crosy,
free or vig.

552. Mme. Cusin.

553. Mme. Damai-
zin,free or vig.

554. Mme. de La-
boulaye, mod.
or dwf.

555. Mme. de Rid-
der, free or vig.

556. Mme de St.
Joseph, mod.

557. Mme. de St.
Fulgent, free.

558. Mme. de Tar-
tas, mod.

559. Mme. de Va-
try, free.

560. Mme. Desir^
Giraud, vig.

H.R.

H.R.
H.R.

T.
T.

H.R.

H.R.

H.R.

T.
T.

H.R.

Liabaud, 1861. Rose, tinged
with lilac, double, large flow-
ers.

Gonod, 1868. Salmon-rose.

Levet, 1 88 1. Raised from Sou^
venir de la Reine d^ Angleterre,
Rose color, very large.

Guillot-fiis, 1881. Violet-rose,
tinged with yellow.

Damaizin, 1858. Creamy-white,
shaded salmon, very large,
double ; not well formed.

Liabaud, 1877. Rosy-pink, some-
what fragrant, bushy habit,
long, rather small foliage,
wood thickly covered with
dark brown thorns ; not very
promising.

Margotiin, 1871. Red, shaded
with violet-crimson, large,
full, fine globular form ; green
wood and thorns. A distinct
sort, fragrant and beautiful,
but fades easily.

Fawn, shaded salmon, large,
full, highly scented ; not well
formed.

Gautreau, 1871. Raised from
Catherine Guillot, Rosy-ver-
milion tinged with lilac, large,
globular ; well formed.

Bernede. Rose color, double.

Red, shaded with salmon, of
good form, both in bud and
flower, and well scented ; a
very choice old sort.

Madame Giraud, 1853. (Sent
out by Van Houtte.) A sport

CATALOGUE OF VAEIETIES.

251

Name of Variety, and
Habit of Growth

Class.

561. Mme. Devau-

T.

coux, free.

562. Mme. Devert,

H.R.

mod. or dwf.

563. Mme. Domage,

H.R.

free.

564. Mme. Ducher,

II. R.

mod.

565. Mme. Ducher,

T.

free.

566. Mme. Edward

P.M.

Ory, mud.

567. Mme. El i se

T.

Stchegoleff.

568. Mme. Emilie

T.

Dupuy, free

569. Mme. Etienne

H.T.

Levet, dwf.

570. Mme. Eugene

H.R.

Chambeyra n,

mod.

571. Mme. Eugene

H.R.

Verdier, free or

mod.

572. Mme. Falcot,

T.

mod.

from Baromie Prevost. Blush-
white, striped with deep rose.

Madame Ducher, 1874. Canary-
yellow, medium size.

Pernet, 1876. Raised from Vic-
tor Verdier, Salmon-rose.

Margottin, 1853. Bright-rose,
large, loose flowers, very thor-
ny ; not valuable.

Levet, 1879. Silvery-rose, me-
dium size, double.

Ducher, 1869. Creamy-yellow,
medium size.

Moreau-Robert, 1854. Carmine-
red, of medium size, full ; one
of the best in the class, which
is not saying much for the
class.

Nabonnand, 1881. Clear rose,
flowers said to be in the st3le
of Niphetos.

Levet, 1870. Salmon, some-
times pale fawn, large, full ;
not attractive.

Levet, 1873. Cherry-red, some-
times having a coppery shade,
small size, pretty in the bud ;
slightly scented, agreeable
odor.

Gonod, 1878. Belongs to the
Victor Verdier t)'pe. Rose,
tinged with violet, sometimes
salmon-rose.

E. Verdier, 1S78. Belongs to
La Reine type. Mottled rose,
very large, full, globular ; a
promising kind.

Guillot fiis, 1858. Raised from
Safrano. Deep apricot ; re-
sembles the parent, but is

^5^

riO

THE ROSE.

Name of Variety, and
Habit of Growth.

573. M m e. Ferdi
nand J a ni i n,
mod.

574. Mine.Fortunee
Besson.

575. Mme. Francois
Janin, dwi. or
mcd.

576. Mme.Fran9ois
Pittet, mod.

577. M m e. F r e e-
mnn, mod.

578. Mme. Fremi-
on, mod.

57g. Mme. Gabriel
Luizet, vig.

580. Mme. Gail -
lard, mod.

5S1. Mme. George
Schwartz, mod.

582. Mme. Gustave
Bonnet, free.

5S3. Mme, Hardy
via:.

U R.

H.R.
T.

H.N.
H.N.
H.R.
H.R.

T.
H.R.

H.N.
Dam.

somewhat larger, more double,
of deeper shade, less product-
ive, and of weaker growth.
Ledechaux, 1875. Deep rose,
cupped form, highly scented.

Besson, 188 1. Raised from yit/es
Margottin. Carmine-rose.

Ledechaux, 1872. Orange yel-
low, small size, buds of ex-
quisite shape ; very distinct,
both in color and its peculiar
fragrance.

Lacharme, 1877. Pure white,
small.

Guillot-pere, 1862. White, tinged
with pink.

Margottin, 1850. Cherry-red,
cup-shaped, tragrant.

Liabaud, 1878. Belongs to the
Ju les Ma r got tin t }' p e . Pink,
somewhat fragrant, long foli-
age ; a promising kind, worthy
of attention.

Ducher, 1870. Salmon-)^ellow,
large, somewhat coarse.

Schwartz, 1871. Belongs to the
Victor Verdi €7' type. Silvery-
rose, fades badly and is coarse.

Lacharme, i860. From Blanche
LaJitteX Sappho. White, tinged
with pink ; surpassed by
others of the class.

Hardy, 1832. White, large, very
full, flit f)rm, ver}^ fragrant;
sometimes comes \v\\\\ green
centre, but very beautiful
when in perfection. A diffi-
cult sort to grow from cut-
tings.

catalogue: of varieties.

353

Name of Variety, and
Habit of Growth.

584. Mme. Hippo-

lyte J am a i n,

mod.
5S5. Mme. Hippo-

lyte J am a i n,

free.
586. Mme. Hoche,

mod. or dwf.
5S7. Mme. Hunne-

belle, free.

588. Mme. Isaac
Pereire, free or
vig.

589. Mme. Jeanne
Joubert, vig.

590. Mme. Jolibois,
mod.

591. Mme. Joly,

free.

592. Mme. Joseph
Halphen, mod

593. Mme. Joseph
Schwartz, free.

594. M m r. John
Twombly, free.

595. Mme. Jules
Grevy.

596. Mme. Jules
M a r g o 1 1 i n,
mod.

597. Mme. Julie
Daian, Iree.

H.R.

T.

M.

H.R.

B.

B.
H.R.
H.R.

T.
T.

H.R.

H.R.

T.

H.R.

Gar^on, 1871. (Sent out by Ja-
njain.) White, tinged with
rose, ver}^ large, full.

Guillot-fils, 1869. White, tinged
in the centre with yellow,
large, full.

Moreau-Robert, 1859. White,
superseded Ijy White Bath,

Fontaine, 1873. Light rose,
large, fragrant.

Margottin-fils, 1880. Carmine-
red, very large, full, free
blooming.

Margotiin, 1877. Red, medium
size, non-aiiiumnal.

E. Verdier, 1879. Silvery rose,
medium size, full.

Rose color, medium size, semi-
cupped, fragrant, and well
formed ; seems to be of Bour-
bon origin.

Margottin, 1859. Blush, me-
dium size.

Schwartz, 1880. From Co??ifesse
de Labarthe. Blush, the edge
of petals tinged with car-
mine.

Schwartz, i88r. Vern)ilion-red,
said to have some resemblance
to Alfred Colomb.

Schwartz, 1881. From Triomphe
de r Exposition X Madame Eal-
cot. Salmon-pink.

Levet, 187T. Carmine pink,
tinged with lilac, very fragrant;
inclined to come in rough
form.

Touvais, 1S61. Violet-crimson,
a fine color ; shy in the au-
tumn.

254

THE ROSE.

Name of Variety, and
Habit of Growth.

598. Mme. Julie

H.T.

Weidman.

599. Mme. Knorr,

H.R.

dwf.

Mme.de Roths

child.

600. Mme. L a -

II.R.

charme,- dwf.

601. Mme. Laffay,
free.

602. Mme. La m-
bard, vig.

603. Mme. L a n-
deau, mod.

604. Mme. Laurent,
vig.

605. Mme. Leon de
St. Jean, mod.

606. Mme. Levet,
vig.

Class.

H.R.

T.

P.M.

H.R.

T.
Cl.T.

Soupert & Notting, iSSo. Sal-
mon-rose.

V. Verdier, 1855. Rose color,
medium size, full, flat form,
very sweet.

See Baroness Rothschild.

Lacharme, 1872. Claimed to
have been raised from yules
Margottin Y^Sombreuil. White,
tinged with pink, medium size,
full or very full, globular;
does not open well, and is shy
in the autumn. Of bushy
growth, and quite hardy.

Laffay, 1839. Rose color, large,
double, cupped form, red
spines ; surpassed by many
others of the same shade.

Lacharme, 1877. Rosy-salmon,
deepening toward the centre,
the color is variable, some-
limes being a rosy flesh ; the
flowers are large, very full,
and good. This variety is
not so refined as many others,
but is of excellent habit, free
blooming qualities, and is to
bs considered one of our most
useful Teas.

Moreau - Robert, 1873. Red,
medium size, full ; not valu-
able.

Granger, 1871. Cherrj^-red.

Levet, 1875, Pale yellow, very
fragrant, poor form.

Levet, 1869. Raised from Gloire
de Dijoii^ Very much like the
parent, but inferior to it.

CATALOGUE OF VARIETIES.

255

Name of Variety, and
Habit of Growth.

607. Mme. Lilien-
thal.

608. Mme. Loeben
Sels, mod.

609. M m e. Louis
Caricques, vig.

610. Mme. Louis
Donadine, dwf.
or mod.

611. Mme. Louis
Henry, vig.

612. Mme. Louis
Leveque, mod.

613. Mme. Margot-
tin, mod.

614, Mme. Marie
Bianchi.

615. Mme. Marie
Cirodde, mod.

616. Mme. Marie
Roederer.

617. Mme. Marie
Finger, dwf.

618. Mme. Marthe
d'Halloy.

H.R.
H.R.

N.
H.R.

H.R.

H.R.
H.R.
H.R.

H.R.

Liabaud, 1878. Bright rose,
tinged with salmon.

Soupert & Notting, 1879. Sil-
very-white, shaded with rose,
large, full, somewhat flat
form.

Fontaine, 1859. Rosy-crimson,
double, free in autumn ; not
of first quality.

Gonod, 1877. A sport from
Countess of Oxford. Nearly
the shade of Eugenie Verdier,

Mme. Ducher, 1879. Pale yel-
low, fragrant ; in the way of
Solfaterre.

Leveque, 1874. Belongs to the
Jules Margottin type. Car-
mine-rose, large, very full,
somewhat flat form, slightly
fragrant ; blooms late in the
season, but is shy in the au-
tumn.

Guillot-fils, 1866. Citron-yellow,
sometimes with coppery cen-
tre, large, full, many mal-
formed flowers, fine when per-
fect.

Guillot-fils, 1881. Raised fiom
Victor Verdier X Virginal,
Blush, tinged with lilac, fra-
grant.

C. Verdier, 1867. Salmon-pink.

Leveque, 1881. Raised from

Jules Margottin. Cherry-red.
Rambaux, 1873. (Sent out by

Lacharme.) Almost identical

with Eugenie Verdier.
Leveque, 1881. Raised from

Madame Boutin. Cherry-red.

256

THE ROSE.

Name of Variety, and
Habit of Growth.

619. Mme. Maurice
Kuppenhei m,
mod.

620. Mme. Maurin,
free.

621. Mme. Maxime
de la Rochete-
rie.

622. Mme. Melanie
W i 1 1 e r m o z ,
free.

623. Mme. Miolan
Carvalho, free
or vig.

624. Mme. Montet

625. Mme. Moreau
mod.

626. Mme. Moreau,
mod.

627. Mme.Nachury,
vig.

J , 628. Mme. Noman,

^ dwf. {Mademoi

selle Bonnaire).

629. Mme. Oswald
de Kerch ove,

dwf.

T.

H.R.

T.

N.

H.R.
H.R.
P.M.
H.R.

H.N.

H.N.

Madame Ducher, 1877. Pale
yellow, shaded with apricot.

Guillot pere, 1853. Creamy-
white, large ; not very reli-
able.

T. Grange, 1880. (Sent out by
Vigneron.) Raised from Vic-
tor Verdier. Carmine- rose.

Lacharme, 1845. Creamy-white,
thick petals, large, full, little
fragrance ; an excellent sort
for out-of-door culture.

Leveque, 1876. Raised from
Chromatella. Sulphur yellow.

Liabaud, 1880. Light pink,
large petals.

Gonod. Red, shaded with vio-
let.

Moreau- Robert, 1872. Red,
large, full.

Damaizin, 1873. Belongs to
La Reitie type. Deep rose
color, fades easily, flowers
very large, rather loose, fra-
grant.

Guillot-pere, 1867. Raised from
Madame Recamier. White,
sometimes with shaded cen-
tre, medium size, full, globu-
lar ; foliage somewhat crim-
pled, wood armed with quite
numerous, small spines. A
rose of exquisite beauty.

Schwartz, 1879. From a seed-
ling oiMine. Recamier X Mme.
Fcdcot. White, tinged with
fawn, promises to be an ad-
dition of merit. It has all the

CATALOGUE OF VARIETIES.

257

Name of Variety, and
Habit of Growth.

630. Mme. Pauline
Labonte, free.

631. Mme. Pierre
Oger, vig.

632. Mme.Plantier,
free.

Class.

B.

633. Mme. Prosper
Laugier, free.

634. Mme. R e c a-
mier, dvvf.

635. Mme. Rivers,
mod.

636. Mme. Rosalie
de Wincop.

637. Mme. Scipion
Cochet, vig.
Mme. Sertat.

638. M m e. Sophie
Fropot, vig.

H.Ch

H.R.

H.N

H.R.
H.R.

H.R.

T.
H.R.

characteristics of the Eliza
Boe.lle type.
Pradel, 1852. Salmon-rose, large,
full, and good in the bud ; an
excellent sort.

Oger, 1878. (Sent out by C.
Verdier.) A sport from Reine
Victoria. Blush, the exterior
of petals tinged with rosy
lilac, cupped form, not a free
bloomer.

Plantier, 1835. Pure white,
above medium size, full, flat
form, seven leaflets, foliage
rather small ; one of the best
white roses for hedges and for
massing. Early in the season
the flowers are produced in
great abundance.

E. Verdier, 1875. Red, quartered
shape, not fragrant, numerous
red thorns; of second quality.

Lacharme, 1853. Blush white,
medium size, well formed.
The origin of this rose is un-
known ; probably it is the re-
sult of a natural cross with
some Noisette on a Bourbon.

Guillot-pere, 1850. Blush ; a
pretty sort, but of unhealthy
habit and quite tender.

Vigneron, 1881. Raised from
General Jacqueminot. Red,
tinged with lilac.

Cochet, 1871. Cherry-rose.

See Madame Bravy.

Levet, 1876. Bright rose, nearly
smooth wood ; a shy autumnal
and not of first quality.

258

THE HOSE.

Name of Variety, and
Habit of Growth.

639. Mme. Theve-
not, free.

640. Mme. Trifle,
vig.

C41. Mme. Trotter,
vig.

642. Mme.Trudeau,
free.

^-643. Mme. Victor
Verdier, mod.
or free.

644. M m e. Vidot,
dvvf.

645. Mme. Welche,
mod.

646

Mme. Zoet-

Dam

i^

man, mod. or
free.

Mademoiselle

H.R

Annie Wood.

647.

Mile. Blanche
Durschm i dt ,
free.

T.

648.

Mile. Bon-
naire, dwf.

H.N.

H R.
Cl.T.

H.Ch
H.R.

H.R.

H.R.

Jamain, 1877. Bright red, free
blooming.

Levet, i86g. Raised from Gloire
de Dijon. Fawn and yellow ;
resembles the parent, but in-
ferior to it in value.

Granger, 1855. Bright red, me-
dium size, a free bloomer in the
spring.

Daniel Boll, 1850. Rose, tinged
with lilac, medium size, well
formed, free flowering, mil-
dews badly.

V. Verdier, 1863. Carmine-
crimson, large, full, fine, glob-
ular form, very fragrant ; a su-
perb rose.

Couturier, 1854. (Sent out by E.
Verdier.) Flesh color, full,
well formed ; a beautiful rose
of very delicate constitution.

Madame Ducher, 1878. (Sent
out by Bennett.) Raised from
Devoniensis X Souvenir dun
Ami. Pale yellow, the centre
coppery -yellow, large and
full ; a very distinct Tea.

Delicate flesh, changing to
white, large, very full, flat form,
fragrant, five to seven leaflets ;
a splendid white rose.

See Annie Wood.

Guillot-fils, 1877. Raised from
Madame Falcot. Flesh color,
semi-double, worthless.

Pernet, 1859. Closely resembles
Madame Noman, it is diflF*cult
to see any points of difference
by which one may be distin-
guished from the other.

CATALOGUE OF VARIETIES,

359

Name of Variety, and
Habit of Growth.

649. Mile. Brigitte
Violet, mod.

650. Mile. Cecile
Berthod, dwf.
or mod.

651. Mile. Cecile
Briinner, mod.
or dwf.

652. Mile. Emma
Hall, mod. or
free.

653. Mile. Fer-
nande de la
Forest, mod.

654. Mile. Julie
Dymonier.dwf.

655. Mile. Lazarine
Poizeau, dwf.
or mod.

656. Mile. Margue-
rite Dombrain,
free.

657. Mile. Marie
Armand,mod.

H.T.

T.

Pol.

H.Ch.

H.R.

H.R.

H.R.

T.

Levet, 1878. Silvery-rose, slight-
ly tinged with lilac ; not highly
scented, but quite a pleasing
sort.

Guillot-fils, 1871. Sulphur-yel-
low, medium size, pretty in the
bud.

Madame Ducher, 1880. Salmon-
pink, deeper in the centre,
very small, full, delicately
scented ; an exquisite minia-
ture rose for floral work, opera
bouquets, etc.

Liabaud, 1876. Raised from
Souvenir de la Reine cV Angle -
terre. Carmine-rose, medium
size, semi-globular form, fra-
grant ; there are seven leaflets
of light green color, rather
crimpled, the shoots are arm-
ed with small spines of pale
green. An excellent summer
rose.

Damaizin, 1872. Belongs to the
Victor Verdier type. Rose
color, somewhat in the way of
Lyonnaise ; of no value.

Gonod, 1879. Belongs to the
Victor Verdier type. Salmon-
pink, after the style of Marie
Cointet.

Levet, 1876. Orange-yellow,
small size, very preity in the
bud ; closely resembles Ma-
dafue F7'an(^ois yanin.

E. Verdier, 1865. Belongs to
La Reine type. Satiny-rose,
a good sort.

Levet, 1872. Canary-yellow,
beautiful buds, well scented,
delicate constitution.

260

THE ROSE.

Name of Variety, and
Habit of Growth

65S. Mile
Berton,

Marie
vig.

659. Mile. Marie
Chauvet.

660. Mile. Marie
Cointet, dwf.

661. Mile. Marie
Gonod, free.

662. Mile. Marie
Rady, free.

663. Mile. Rachel,
dwf.

Cl.T.

H.R.

H.R.

H.R.
H.R.

Levet, 1875. Raised from Gloire
de Dijon. Pale yellow, some-
what fragrant, the most free
flowering of all the seedlings
from Gloire de Dijon; the flower
stems are long and stout, the
foliage large and lustrous.
A magnificent yellow rose.

Besson, 1881. Raised from
Baroness Rothschild. Deep
rose color.

Guillot-fils, 1872. Belongs to
the Victor Verdier type. Sal-
mon-pink ; a very beautiful
sort when perfect, but most of
the flowers are malformed, or
open badly.

Gonod, 1871. Rosy-blush.

Fontaine, 1865. Vermilion-red
shaded with crimson, large or
very large, very full, of splen-
did globular form, very fra-
grant ; it has more vermilion
than Alfred Colombo making it
somewhat lighter and more
dull ; the shoots are armed
with numerous red thorns, the
foliage shows considerable
lustre. There is no finer ex-
hibition sort among the red
roses, and were it as constant,
it would be quite as valuable
as Alfred Colomb and Marie
Banmanny varieties which bear
it some considerable resem-
blance.

Beluze, 1841. White, pointed
buds, somewhat in the style of
Niphetos, but not equal in
quality to that fine sort.

CATALOGUE OF VARIETIES.

261

Name of Variety, and ^
Habit of Growth. ^-lass.

664. Mile. Therese
Levet, mod.

A 665. Magna Charta;
vig.

666. Manetli Rose,
vig.

667. Marcelin Ro-
da, mod.

668. Marchioness
of Exeter,
free.

669. Marechal Fo-
rey, vig. or free.

670. Marechal Niel,
vig.

H.R.

H.Ch.

H.R.

HR.

N.

Levet. 1866. Belongs to the
Jules Margottin type. Salmon-
rose, medium size, free bloom-
ing.

W. Paul, 1876. Pink, suffused
with carmine, large or very
large, full, globular ; foliage
and wood light green, numer-
ous, dark spines. A fragrant,
excellent variety.

Violet-rose, small size, single,
not productive ; this variety,
since its introduction from
Italy, is more used for a stock
on which to bud choice sorts
than any other kind. It has
dark, brownish wood, and al-
ways seven leajiets, sometimes
nine ; there need be, therefore,
no difficulty in distinguishing
it from other kinds.

Ducher, 1872. Yellowish-white,
the centre light yellow ; a fairly
good rose.

Laxton, 1877. (Sent out by G.
Paul.) A seedling from Jules
Margottin. Cherry-rose, fra-
grant.

Margottin, 1863. Raised from
Triomphe de V Exposition. Red-
dish-crimson, shy in the au-
tumn.

Pradel, 1864. Supposed to be a
seedling from Isabella Gray.
Deep yellow, very large, very
full, globular form, delight-
fully fragrant, the finest of all
yellow roses ; it is of delicate
constitution, and requires very
careful treatment to produce
satisfactory results. It is only

262

THE HOSE,

Name of Variety, and
Habit of Growth.

671. Marechal Rob-
ert, free.

672. Marechal Vail-
lant, free.

673. Marguerite
Brassac.

674. Marguerite
de St. Amande,
free.

675. Marie Bau-
mann, mod.

H.R.

H.R.
H.R.

H.R.

adapted for culture under
glass, and even then the inex-
perienced would do better not
to attempt its culture, but use
in its stead Mile. Marie Ber-
tofi, Solfaterrey or, for non-
climbers, Perle des yardins.

Madame Ducher, 1875. White,
the centre shaded with flesh,
large, or very large, full, in
the style of Cornelia Cook ; a
fine sort.

Viennot, 1861. (Sent out by
Jamain.) Crimson, large, full,
well-formed, fragrant ; a fine
rose, which, were it not for
Maurice BernardiUy would be
more useful. It is a valuable
kind for large collections.

Brassac, 1875. The same as
Cha7'les Lefebvre.

Sansal, 1864. Raised from
Jules Margottin, Bright rose,
very beautiful in the bud state ;
will give more fine blooms in
the autumn than any other of
the class, and it is also one of
the best for forcing. It can-
not be propagated from cut-
tings.

Baumann, 1863. Crimson-ver-
milion, suffused with carmine,
large, full, of exquisite color
and form, very fragrant ; the
wood freely covered with small
light red thorns. This variety
is a littlelighterand brighter in
color than Marie Rady, which
is a shade lighter than Alfred
Colomb. A rose of the highest

CATALOGUE OF VARIETIES.

2G3

Name of Variety, and
Habit of Growth.

676. Marie Caro-
line de Sar-
toux.

677. Marie d e
Blois, free.

678. Marie d e
Bo u rgo y ne,
dwf.

679. Marie Ducher,
free.

680. Marie Guillot,
mod.

681. Marie Jaillet,
mod.

682. Marie Louise
Pernet, mod.

683. Marie Opoix,
mod.

684. Marie Sisley,
mod.

685. Marie Van
Houtte, free.

T.

M.

P.M.

T.

T.
H.R.

T.

T.

quality and very productive ;
no collection can be complete
with it left out. It should be
given a favored position.
Nabonnand, 1881. Pure white.

Moreau - Robert, 1852. Rose
color, double, not mossy,
poor.

Moreau-Robert, 1853. Bright
rose, medium size.

Ducher, 1868. Salmon-rose,
large, very full, somewhat
flat ; a free blooming kind, of
excellent habit. Not a refined
flower, yet it is a sort worth
growing.

Guillot-fils, 1874. White, faintly
tinged with yellow, large, full;
of splendid form. One of the
most beautiful Teas ; would
that it were fragrant !

Madame Ducher, 1878. Pale
rose, deeper in the centre.

Pernet, 1876. Raised from Bar-
oness Rothschild, Deep rose,

I cupped form.

Schwartz, 1874. Pale yellow,
almost white, not of first
quality.

Guillot-fils, 1868. Rose tinged
with salmon, sometimes cop-
pery-rose ; a distinct sort, but
not reliable, and at its best is
not specially attractive.

Ducher, 1871. From Madame de
Tartas X Madame Falcot. Pale
yellow, the edges of petals

2G4

THE HOSE,

Name of Variety, and
Habit of Growth.

H.R.

B.

686. Marie Verdier,
free.

687. Marquis de
Balbiano, free.

688. Marquis del T.
Sanima, mod. j

689. Marquis of H.R.
Salisbury, mod.

6go. Marquise
Adele de Mu-
rinais, free.

691. Marquise de
Cas t ellan e,
mod.

692. Marquise de
Ligneries, mod.

693. Marquise de
Mortemart,
mod. or dvvf.

694. Mary Pochin.

695. Masterpiece,
mod. or free.

H.R.

H.R.

H.R.
H.R

H.R.
H.R.

often lined with rose, well
formed ; of good habit, and in
every respect a most charming
sort. The finest of all Teas
for out-door culture.
E. Verdier, 1877. Rose color.

Lacharme, 1855. Silvery-rose,
medium size, full.

Mme. Ducher, 1875. Coppery
rose, in the style of Reiiie dti
Poriztgal, but not so good.

G. Paul, 1879. Coppery-rose ;
shaded with crimson, large,
globular form, distinct.

Schwartz, 1876. Raised from
Madavie Laffay. Silvery-rose;
an inferior sort.

Pernet, 1869. Supposed to be
a seedling from Jules Mar-
gottin. Carmine-rose, a bright
and permanent shade, very
large, very full, not fragrant
but effective, does not bloom
until late ; a valuable sort for
exhibition purposes. Does not
propagate from cuttings.

Guenoux, 1879. (Sent out by
yamahi^ Rose color, wood
nearly smooth.

Liabaud, 1868. Raised from
Jules Margoitin. Blush, well
formed. A fine rose of delicate
habit.

Rev. E. M. Pochin, 1881. (Sent
out by Cranston^ Lake, shaded
with crimson, medium size.

W. Paul, 1880. Supposed to be
a seedling from Beauty of
WalthajJi. Rosy-crimson.

CATALOGUE OF VARIETIES.

265

Name of Variety, and| p
Habit of Growth. | '-^^^s-

696. Mathilde Le-
naerts.

697. Maurice Ber-
nardin, vig. or
free.

698. MayQuennell
dwf. or mod.

699. May Turner,
mod.

700. Melanie Oger,
free.

701. Melanie Sou-
pert.

702. Mere de St.
Louis, mod.

703. Michael Bon-
net, free.

704. Michael Saun-
ders, mod.

H.R.

H.R.

T.

T.
H.R.
H.R.

H.T.

Levet, 1879. Raised from 6'/<i>2>^
de Dijon, Rose color.

Granger, 1861. Raised from Gene-
ral Jacqueminot. Bright crim-
son, large, moderately full ; a
good free flowering sort, gene-
rally coming in clusters ; the
roots are very delicate, and
break easily. In the spring,
this is, perhaps, the most pro-
lific of all crimson sorts.

Postans, 1878. (Sent out by W,
Paul ^ Son.) Magenta, shaded
with crimson, large flowers,
many of them coming imper-
fect ; wood rather smooth, foli-
age dark.

E. Verdier, 1874. Salmon-rose.

Oger, 1851. Yellowish white,
deeper at centre, medium size.

Nabonnand, 1881. White, large,
very full.

Lacharme, 1852. Raised from
La Reine. Pink, medium size.

Guillot-pere, 1864. Rose color,
in the way of Madame Joly,
but inferior.

Bennet, 1879. From Fresideftt
X Ma da m e Victor Verdier. Deep
bronzed rose, or rose shaded
with coppery-red, medium
size, very full, finely formed,
somewhat fragrant ; on ac-
count of their great fulness
the flowers do not open well
under glass, but they are fine
in open air. A very distinct
and pleasing sort ; the best of
the set sent out by Bennett.

266

THE HOSE.

Name of Variety, and
Habit of Growth.

705, Mignonette.

706. Miller-Hayes,
mod.

707. Miss Glegg,
free.

708. Miss Hassard,
free.

709. Miss Ingram,
free.

710. M i ss May
Paul, vig.

711. Miss Tweed,
free.

712. M o de 1 e de
P e rfe cti o n,
mod.

713. Mogadon

714. Moire, mod.

715. Monsieur Al
fred Leveau.

716. Monsieur Bon-

Pol.

H.R.

N.

H.R.

H.Ch.

Cl.T.

A.

B.

H.R,

T.
H.R.

H.R.

Guillot-fils, 1881. " Delicate
rose, changing to blush, very
small, double, flowering in
corymbs of thirty or forty
blooms.'*

E. Verdier, 1873. Reddish ciim-
son.

Vibert. White, the centre often
flesh color, very small, double;
resembles A imee Vibe7't, but is
much inferior.

Turner, 1875. Raised from Mar-
guerite de St. Amande. Pink,
large, very full, sweetly scent-
ed ; many imperfect blooms.

Ingram, 1868. (Sent out by
rurne7\) Blush white, well
formed ; a fine rose.

Levet, 1881. Raised from Gloire
de Dijon. *' Lilac-white, re-
verse of the petals red."

Pale yellow, semi-double ; it has
nine leaflets, rarely seven ;
Fej'sian Yelloiv\ has seven leaf-
lets only ; remembering this,
it IS always a simple matter to
distinguish the varieties when
out of flower.

Guillot-fils, i860. Raised from
Louise Odier. Satiny rose,
medium size, well formed.

Raised from Rose du Roi, and
esteemed as an improvement
on that variety. It is a crim-
son damask which flowers in
autumn.

Moire, 1844. Fawn and rose.

Vigneron, 1880. Carmine-rose.

Liabaud, 1864. Very deepcrim-

CATALOGUE OF VARIETIES.

267

Name of Variety, and:
Habit of Growth.

cenne, free or
mod.

717. Monsieur E»
Y. Teas, mod.
or dwf.

718. Monsieur Pil-
lion, mod.

719. Monsieur Fur-
tado, free or
mod.

Class.

720. Monsieur Jard, B.
free.

721. Monsieurjour- H.R.
naux, vig.

722.MonsieurJules| H.R
Monges. j

723. Monsieur No-| H.R
man, dwf.

H.R.

H.R.
T.

724. M o n s i e u r
Thouvenel.

725. Monthly Cab-
bage.

726. Mrs. Baker,
mod.

727. Mrs. Bosan-
quet, mod.

728. Mrs. El 1 iott,
free.

729. Mrs. Harry
Turner, mod.

H.R.
Beng.
H.R.
Beng.
H.R.

H.R.

son, double, medium size ; a
good rose, but now displaced
by Baron de Bonstetten.

E. Verdier, 1874. Carmine-
crimson, large, fine, globular
form, highly scented ; a superb
rose.

Gonod, 1876. Belongs to the
Victor Verdier type. Carmine-
rose, not of first quality.

LafFay, 1863. Yellow, medium
or small size, well formed, very

, full ; an exquisite sort, of
good habit, not nearly so
much grown as it deserves.

Guillot-pere, 1857. Red, tinged
with violet.

Marest, 1868. Brilliant red.

Guillot-fils, 1881. Carmine-
rose, cupped form.

Guillot-pere, 1876. Raised from
yules Margottin. Rose color,
often delicately mottled, beau-
tiful globular form. Unreli-
able, but magnificent when in
perfection.

Vigneron, 1880. Velvety red,
flat form.

Violet rose, somewhat fragrant.

Turner, 1875. Belongs to the Vic-
tor Verdier type. Ca r m i n e • re d .

Madam Pean. Rosy-flesh, very
productive.

Laffay, 1840. Rose color, double,
generally seven leaflets ; of
second quality.

Laxton, 1880. (Sent out by
Turner.) Raised from Charles

268

THE ROSE.

Name of Variety, and
Habit of Growth.

730. Mrs. Hovey,
vig.

731. Mrs. Jowitt.

732. Mrs. Laxton,
dwf.

733. Mrs. O p i e
mod.

734. Mrs. Pierce,
vig.

735. Mrs. Standish
dwf.

736. Nancy Lee,
dwf.

737. Narcisse, mod.
{Enfant de Ly-
on).

738. Nardy Freres,
free.

H.R.
H.R.

T.

P.

H.R.

H.T.

H.R.

Lefebvre X Alfred de Rouge-
mont. Scarlet-crimsoR, a splen-
did bright color ; a very prom-
ising sort.

Pierce. Blush, changing to
white, resembles Baltimore
Belley but is hardier; a valu-
able climbing rose.

Cranston, 1880. From Marie
Rady X Due de Rohan, Crim-
son, tinged with lake.

Laxton, 1878. (Sent out by
G. Paul.) Raised from Ma-
dame Victor Vc7'dier. Rosy-
crimson, beautiful form,

Bell & Son, 1877. Salmon-rose.

Pierce, 1850. Blush.

Trouillard, i860. Belongs to
the Giant of Battles type. Deep
crimson, tinged with purple.

Bennett, 1879. From Alba Rosea
X Edward Morren. Satiny-
rose, a delicate and lovely
shade, medium or small size,
beautiful buds, highly scented;
giowih slender, inclined to
mildew. Were this of vigorous
growth and good constitution,
it would be a variety of great
value.

1845. Yellow, an inferior Mon-
sieur Furtado,

Ducher, 1868. Supposed to be
a seedling from Madame Boll.
Violet-red, a very distinct
variety, but of too perishable
a color to have any value.

CATALOGUE OF VARIETIES.

269

Name of Variety, and
Habit of Growth.

739. Nina, mod.

740. Niphetos, dwf.

741. N u i t s d e
Young, mod.

742. Oderic Vital,
vig.

743. Odorata, free.
{Blush Tea.)

744. CEillet Flam
and, free.

745. CEillet Parfait,
mod.

Old Yellow Tea.

746. Olga Marix,
mod.

747. Olivier Del-
homme, free.

748. Ophelia, mod.

749. Ophirie, vig.

T.

T.

M.
H.R.

T.

Fr.

Prov.

T.
H.N.

H.R.

T.

N.

Blush, loose flowers : not of
value.

1844. White, sometimes tinged
with pale yellow, long, large
buds, the petals thick and
durable. A very beautiful
variety for growing under
glass, it is entirely unsuited
for growing in open air.

Laflfay, 1851. Purplish-red, a
sullied shade.

Oger, 1858. A sport from Bar-
onne Prevast. A little lighter
in color than the parent, the
habit is the same.

Of Chinese origin, brought to
England in 1810. Carmine,
fading to blush, large flowers,
somewhat loose but good in
the bud ; one of the most fra-
grant. The larger number of
the Teas are descendants of
this sort.

Vibert, 1845. White, striped
with rose, like a variegated
carnation, double flowers, of
medium size ; the foliage is
very dark.

Foulard, 1841. Blush, striped
with violet-rose ; inferior to
the preceding sort.

See Flavescens.

Schwartz, 1873. Rosy-flesh,
changing to white ; inferior.

V. Verdier, 1861. Brilliant red,
large, well formed.

Ducher, 1873. Yellow, medium
size, full.

Goubault, 1844. Nasturtium-
yellow, suffused with coppery-

270

THE KOSE.

Name of Variety, and
Habit of Growth.

750. Oriflamme de
St. Louis, free.

751. Oscar Leclerc,
mod.

752. Oxonian, mod.

753. Paeonia, free.

754. Pallida.

H.R.

P.M.
H.R.

H.R.

P.

755. Panache d'Or- H.R.
leans, vig.

756. Paquerette,
mod.

757. Paul Jamain,
free.

Pol.

H.R.

red, medium size, double ; a
very distinct sort, but very
shy.

1858. Raised from General Jac-
queminot. Brilliant crimson ;
resembles the parent, but is
inferior to it.

Robert, 1853. Red tinged with
violet, in the way of Madame
Bouton.

Turner, 1875. Belongs to the
Victor Verdieriype. Rosy- red,
somewhat fragrant, large size ;
the only one of the type that
has perfume.

Lacharme, 1855. Red, very large
or large, full, fragrant, a free
bloomer ; bushy habit, dark
lustrous foliage, numerous
pale red thorns. A fine gar-
den rose, but not quite up to
exhibition standard.

Feast, 1843. Blush, much re-
sembling Superba.

Dauvesse, 1854. A sport from
Baronne Prevost. Identical
with the parent sort, except
that the flowers are striped
with rosy- white. It is not con-
stant, soon running back to
the original.

Guillot-fils, 1875. Pure white,
about one inch in diameter,
full, prettily formed, recalling
blossoms of the double flower-
ing cherry ; there are five to
seven leaflets, the growth is
slender.

Jamain, 1878. Belongs to the
Charles Lefebvre type. Crim-

CATALOGUE OF VARIETIES.

271

Name of Variety, and
Habit of Growth.

75S. Paul Joseph,
free.

759. Paul Nabon-
nand, free.

760. Paul Neyron,
vig.

761. Paul Perras,

7b2. Paul Ricaut,

free or vig.

763. Paul Verdier,
vig.

764. Pauline Lan-
sezeur, mod.

B.

T.

H.R.

H.Ch.
H.Ch.

H.Ch.
H.R.

765. Pauline Tala-| H.R.
bot, free.

766. Peach Bios- H.R.
som, mod.

son, slightl)^ tinged with violet-
red. Very similar to Charles
Lefebvi'e.
Portemer, 1842. Violet-red.

Nabonnand, 187'' Satiny-rose.

Levet, 1S69. YiijVCiVictor Verdier,
X Anne de Diesbach. Deep
rose, very large, very full,
somewhat fragrant, free-bloom-
ing ; the wood is nearly
smooth, the foliage tough and
enduring, somewhat tender,
the growth is very upright.
The largest variety known,
and a very desirable sort for
the garden.

Pale rose, large, full.

Portemer, 1845. Carmine-crim-
son, medium size, fine glob-
ular form ; one of the most
beautiful summer roses.

C. Verdier, 1866. Carmine-red,
large, globular flowers, well
built; a splendid sort.

Lansezeur, 1855. Red, shaded
with violet-crimson, medium
size, free blooming.

E. Verdier, 1873. Carmine-
red.

W. Paul, 1874. Belongs to the
Jules Margottin type. Mottled
pink, a fine color, many im-
perfect blooms ; there are
others of this type like Com-
tesse de Serenye, Egeria, and
Marguerite de St. Amande, of
nearly the same shade, that
are greatly superior.

272

THE ROSE.

Name of Variety, and
Habit of Growth.

767. Pearl, dwf.

Class.

H.T.

768. Penelope
Mayo, mod.

769. Perfection de
M o n p 1 a i s i r,
mod.

770. Perfection des
Blanches, free.

771. Perle d' An-
gers, mod.

772. Perle des
Blanches, mod.

773. Perle des Jar-
dins, free.

774. Perle de Lyon,
mod.

775. Perpetual
White Moss,
free.

H.R.

H.N.

B.
II.N

T.

M.

Bennett, 1879. From President
X Com te see de Serenye. Rosy-
flesh, small, full, pretty buds,
with a decided Bourbon fra-
grance ; growth very slender,
subject to mildew.

Davis, 1878. (Sent out by Tur-
ner.) Carmine-red, full, well-
shaped flowers.

Levet, 1871. Yellow, a good
Tea, which may be described
as an improved Canary ; like
that sort it is delicate.

Schwartz, 1873. White, a good
sort, but inferior to Coquette
des Alpes.

Moreau-Roberl, 1879. Blush.

Lacharme, 1872. From Blanche
Lajitte X Sappho. White, in-
ferior to others of the type.

Levet, 1874. Canary-yellow,
large or very large, full, well
formed, stiif stems, very free ;
the leaflets are five to seven in
number, deeply serrated, very
dark and glaucous. A supeib
sort for forcing, and fine also
in open air.

Ducher, 1872. Yellow with
safl"ron centre, large, full, very
fragrant ; fully as fine in qual-
ity as the preceding, but so
subject to mildew as to be
worthless to ordinary cultiva-
tors.

Laffay. A sport from White Da-
mask. White, tinged with
flesh, flowers in clusters, me-
dium size, semi-double or
double, coarse form ; but little

CATALOGUE OF VAIUETIES.

273

Name of Variety, and
Habit of Growth.

/ 776. Persian Yel-
low, free.

777. Pierre Guillot,
mod.

778. Pierre Notting,
free.

779. Pierre Seletzki,
78o.Pius the Ninth,
vig.

781. Portland
Blanche, free.

782. P r efe t Lim-
bourg, vig.

A.

H.T.
H.R.

H.R.
H.R.

Dam.
H.R.

mossed, unattractive either in
bud or flower ; the name is a
deception, as it very rarely
blooms in the autumn. Great-
ly inferior to White Bath, and
also Comtesse de Mtirinais.

Introduced from Persia by H.
Willock, in 1830. Bright yel-
low, small, nearly full, well
formed ; small foliage, faintly
scented like the Sweetbrier;
seven leaflets ; the wood is
chocolate-brown in color, arm-
ed with numerous brown
thorns ; it is the finest of all
hardy yellow roses. It must
not be closely pruned ; it is
desirable to grow more than
one plant, and by pruning one
this year, in the usual way, and
the other the next, annual
crops of flowers may be had.
Does not grow from cuttings.

Guil ot-fils, 1879. Deep red, fra-
grant and good.

Portemer, 1863. Deep crimson,
tinged with violet, large, or
very large, fine, globular form,
highly scented ; the most
beautiful dark rose, after Louis
Van Houtte.

Levet, 1872. Violet-red.

Vibert, 1849. Violet-rose, a very
sullied shade, flat form, very
full, free blooming, very hardy.

Vibert, 1836. White, tinged with
flesh, large, very full, flat form;
often comes with green centre.

Margottin-fils, 1878. Crimson,
tinged with violet, double, or
full ; a rose of fine color.

274

THE KOSE.

Name of Variety, and
Habit of Growth.

783. President.

784. President Leon
d e St. Jean,
mod.

785. President Lin-
coln, free.

786. President Mas,
free.

787. President
SchL^chter, free
or vig.

788. President
Thiers, dwf.

789. Pride of Wal
iham, mod.

790. Prince Arthur,
free.

792. Prince de Por-
tia, free.

T.
H.R.

H.R.

H.R.

H.R.

H.R.

H.R.

H.R.

791. Prince Camille H.R.
d e Rohan,
free.

H.R.

i860. (Sent out by W. Paul.)
See Adam.

Lacharme, 1875. Raised from
diaries Lefebvre. This is sim-
ply an inferior Charles Lefeb-
^'?r, not worthy of cultivation.

Granger, 1863. Vermilion-red,
tinged with crimson, the flow-
ers are much like General
Washington, but inferior in
quality to that variety, the
habit of growth is stronger.

Guillot-fils, 1865. Raised from
Tfiojnphe de I' Exposition. Red,
shaded with crimson, often
comes with bad centre.

E. Verdier, 1877. Reddish-crim-
son, tinged with violet.

Lacharme, 1871. Belongs to the
Victor Verdier type. Carmine-
red, one of the darkest colored
in the type.

W. Paul, t88i, Belongs to the
VictorVerdier type. Flesh color,
shaded with rose, a deeper
shade than Eugenie Verdier.

Cant, 1875. Belongs to the
General yacq2ieminot type.
Deep crimson, smaller but
better formed than Jacque-
minot.

E. Verdier, 1861. Very deep
velvety-crimson, large, mod-
erately full, habit somewhat
spreading, shy in autumn. A
good rose, of splendid color.

E. Verdier, 1865. Vermilion,
large, full, well formed, one of
the most fragrant, somewhat

CATALOGUE OF VARIETIES.

275

Name of Variety, and
Habit of Growth

793. Prince Hum-
bert, free or
mod.

794. Prince Leon,
mod.

795. Prince of
Wales, mod.

796. Prince Paul
Demidoff, free.

797. Prince Pros-
pe r d'A r em-
berg.

79S. Princess Ade
laide, vig.

799. Princess Alice,
vig.

800. Princess An-
toinette Stroz-
zio, free.

801. Princess Bea-
trice, mod.

802. Princess Char-
lotte de la Tre-
mouille, mod.

803. P r i n c c s s
Christian, mod.

H.R.

H.R.
H.R.

H.R.
T.

M.

M.
H.R.
H.R.

H.R.

subject to mildew. A splen-
did variety.
Margottin, 1867. Crimson, large,
well formed, excellent.

Marest, 1852. Rosy-crimson,

stiff, short wood.
Laxton, 1869. (Sent out by G.

Paul.) From Louise Peyronny

X Victor Verdier. Pink, very

large, double.
Guillot-fils, 1873. Satiny-rose.

Soupert & Notting, 1880.
mon-red.

Sal-

H.R.

Laffay, 1845. Pale rose, me-
dium size, not very mossy, but
good in bud and flower ; dark
foliage, which is often varie-
gated.

W. Paul, 1853. Raised from
Luxembourg. Violet-rose, not
well mossed.

E. Verdier, 1874. Red, large,
full, well formed ; slightly in
the way of Marie Rady.

W. Paul, 1872. Belongs to the
Victor Verdier type. Pink,
globular flowers ; fades quickly
and is not desirable.

Leveque, 1877. Pale satiny-
rose, medium size, full, some-
what fragrant ; not of first
quality, but very free bloom-
ing, and therefore of some
value.

W. Paul, 1870. Salmon-rose,
does' not open well ; worth-
less.

270

THE ROSE.

Name of Variety, and
Habit of Growth.

804. P r i n c e s s
Clem en t i n e ,
vig.

805. Princess
Louise, mod.

806. P r i n c ess
Louise Vic-
toria, vig.

807. PrincessMarie
Dolgo ro u ky,
free.

808. Princess Mary
of Cambridge,
mod.

8og. Princess Ma-
thilde, mod.

810. Princess of
Wales, free.

811. Professor
Koch, free.

812. Pumila, free.

[bra, mod.

813. Purpurea Ru-

814. Queen Elean-
or, mod. or
free.

Prov.

H.R.

H.CI.

H.R.

H.R.

H.R.

H.R.
H.R.

N.

M.
H.R.

Vibert, 1842. A beautiful white
rose, much resembling, but
not equalling, Blanchejieur.

Laxton, 1870. (Sent out by G.
Paul.) Raised from Mine.
Vidot X VirgiUaL Blush, me-
dium size, good.

Knight, 1872. Salmon-pink,
medium size, fine globular
form, not fragrant ; dark fo-
liage, wood nearly smooth.
A splendid rose.

Gonod, 1878. Raised from y^;/w^
de Diesbach. Satiny-rose, very
large.

Granger, 1866. (Sent out by G.
Paul.) Yxom Duchess of Suth-
erland X Jules Af argot tm. Sal-
mon-pink, often mottled ; a
fine sort, now surpassed by
Countess of Serenye and Egeria.

Liabaud, i860. (Sent out by
Jean Pernet.) Burgundy-
crirr^son, a lovely shade, me-
dium size, double, never full.
It seems as though this must
be the founder of the Baron
de Bonstetten type.

W. Paul, 1864. Crimson, cup-
ped form, double.

E. Verdier, 1861. Cherr)^-red,
medium size, double, erect
growth, liable to mildew.

Origin and raiser unknown,
Salmon-rose, seeming to have
Safrano blood, very free.

Purplish-red, a bad color.

W. Paul, 1876. Pink, tinged
with magenta-red, large, full,
well formed ; wood and thorns
light green. A very beautiful

CATALOGUE OF VAIILETIES.

277

Name of Variety, and
Habit of Growth.

815. Queen of
Ayrshires, vig.

816. Queen of Bed-
el ers, dvvf.

817. Queen of
Bourbons,
mod. or dwf.

818. Queen of
Queens.

519. Queen of the
Belgians, vig.

520. Queen of the
Prairies, vig.

821. Queen of Wal-
tham, mod.

822. Queen's Scar-
let, mod.

823. Queen Vic-
toria, mod.

Ay
B.

B.

H.R.

Ay.
P.

H.R.

Beng.
H.R.

824. R. Dudley, H.R.

Baxter. j

S25. Red Dragon,! H.R.

free. !

rose when perfect, but sparse-
ly produced and not reliable.

Rivers. Violet crimson, semi-
double, small.

Noble, 1877, Raised from Sir
y. Pax ton. Crimson, medium
size, very full ; a free flower-
ing sort. The color is not
very durable.

Mauger, 1834. Fawn and rose,
medium or small size, fra-
grant, very free ; of delicate
habit.

W. Paul, 1882. *'Pink, with
blush edges, large and full,
and of perfect form ; grows
and flowers freely."

White, small, double.

Feast, 1843. Rosy - red, fre-
quently with white stripe, me-
dium or large size, double ;
foliage large, five leaflets,
quite deeply serrated.

W. Paul, 1875. Cherry-red, of
good size, very fragrant, does
not bloom till late ; a variety
of fair quality.

Hallock & Tho'rpe, 1880. Crim-
son, seems to be an improved
Agrippina.

Fontaine, 1850. (Sent out by
W. Paul ) Raised from La
Keme. Blush with pink cen-
tre, large, very full, globular ;
does not open well.

W. Paul, 1879. Maroon, large
size.

W. Paul, 1878. Crimson, large,
rather loose flowers ; not val-
uable.

278

THE ROSE.

Name of Variety, and
Habit of Growth.

826. Red Gauntlet.

827. Red Ro ver,
vig.

Red Safrano.

828. ReineBlanche,
mod.

829. ReineBlanche,
mod.

830. ReineBlanche,
mod.

831. Reine de Por-
tugal, mod.

832. Reine d e s
Massifs, vig.

833. Reine desVio-
lettes, free.

834. Reine du Mi-
di, free or vig.

835. Reine Emma
des Pays Bas,
free.

836. Reine Maria
Pia, vig.

837. Reine Marie
Henriette, vig.

838. R^ve d^Or,
free.

839. Rev. J. B.
Camm, mod.

H.R.
H.Cl.

T.
M.

H.R.

H.R.

T.

N.
H.R.

H.R.

T.

Cl.T.

CLT.

N.
H.R.

W. Paul & Son, 1881. Crimson.

W. Paul, 1863. Red, tinged
with crimson.

See Safrano a fleur Rouge.

Robert, 1858. White, a shy
blooming sort.

Damaizin, 1868. Raised from
La Reine. Blush, well-formed.

Crozy, 1869. Raised from Vic-
tor Verdier, Flesh-white, shad-
ed with rose.

Guillot-fils, 1867. Coppery-
yellow, blending with rose,
large, very full ; an eminently
distinct sort, but does notopen
well.

Levet, 1874. Salmon -yellow,
medium size.

Mille-Mallet, i860. Raised from
Pius the Ninth. Violet- red, a
muddy color.

Robert, 1868. The same as La
Reine, though supposed by
some to be larger and fuller.

Nabonnand, 1879. Yellow, shad-
ed with reddish salmon.

Schwartz, 1880. Raised from
Gloire de Dijott, Deep rose,
the centre reddish crimson.

Levet, 1878. From Mme. Be'rard
X Gen. yacqtieminot. Cher-
ry-red, a pure shade, large,
double, somewhat fragrant ; a
beautiful, but rather unpro-
ductive sort.

Ducher, 1869. BufT-yellow, me-
dium size, full.

Turner, 1875, Belongs to the
Jules Mar gottin type. Carmine-
rose, a fine enduring shade,

CATALOGUE OF VARIETIES.

279

Name of Variety, and
Habit of Growth.

840. Richard Lax
ton, free.

841. Richard Smith,
mod.

842. Richard Wal-

lace, free.
S43. Rivers, free.

844. Robert Mar-
nock, free or
vig.

845. Rose du Roi,
mod. {Crimson
Perpetual.)

846. R o s i e r i s t e
Harms, free.

847. R o s i e ri s t e
Jacobs, free.

848. Rosy Morn,
dvvf.

849. Royal Stand-
ard, mod.

H.R.

H.R.

H.R.
H.R.
H.R.

Dam.

H.R.

H.R.
H.R.

H.R,

large or medium size, semi-
globular form ; one of the most
fragrant and free bloom.ing.
A superb rose.

Laxton, 1878. (Sent out by
Turner.) Reddish -crimson,
large, full ; somewhat resem-
bles Marechal Vaillant.

E. Verdier, 1861. Belongs to
the Gen. Jacqueminot type.
Crimson, tinged with purple,
not valuable.

Leveque, 1871. Red, very large ;
not of first quality.

Laflfay, 1839, Rose color, large,
flat form, not valuable.

G. Paul, 1878. Belongs to the
Duke of Edinburgh t)^pe.
Brownish-crimson, double, not
free in autumn.

Lelieur, 1812. Bright crimson,
large, double, very fragrant ;
occasionally blooms in au-
tumn.

E. Verdier, 1879. Velvety-red,
shaded with crimson, slightly
resembling Mrne. Victor Ver-
dier.

Madame Ducher, 1880. Bright
red.

W. Paul, 1878. Belongs to the
Victor Verdier type. Salmon-
pink, a deeper shade than
Eugenie Verdier ; peculiar
wood and foliage more like
Captain Christy than any other
variety. A good rose, but with
too many imperfect blooms.

Turner, 1874. Satiny - rose,
tinged with lilac, a large, well-
formed, globular flower.

280

THE ROSE.

Name of Variety, and
Habit of Growth.

850. Royal Tea,
mod.

851. Rubens, rood.

852. Rubens, free.

853. Rugosa Alba,
vig.

854. Rugosa Rubra,
vig.

n.R.

T.

855. S. Reynolds
Hole, mod.

856. Safrano, free.

857. Safrano a fleur
Rouge, mod.
i^Red Safrano.)

H.R.

T.

T.

White, faintly tinged with yel-
low, long, beautiful buds, del-
icate habit.
LafFay, 1852. Bright red, a fine
color, flowers loose.

Moreau - Robert, 1859. Rosy-
flesh, deeper at centre, large,
full, well formed, fine in the
bud. An excellent variety.

A species from Japan, intro-
duced some years ago. White,
large size, five petals, fragrant.
A beautiful single rose.

Also from Jap:in. Deep rose,
tinged with violet, single,
fragrant. The floweis are
succeeded by very bright col-
ored heps of large size, which
in the autumn are exceedingly
attractive. The leaflets are
nine in number, of dark color,
very tough and durable. These
two kinds are splendid shrubs
for borders.

G. Paul, 1872. Maroon, flushed
with scarlet-crimson, medium
size, full, well formed ; shy in
the autumn and subject to
mildew. A rose of great
beauty but not at all adapted
to general cultivation.

Beauregard, 1839. Saffron and
apricot -yellow, large, semi-
double, exceedingly beautiful
in the bud, very free. The seed
organs are better developed
than in almost any other kind.

Oger, 1868. Belong to the Safra-
;/^ type. Saffron-yellow, shaded
with coppery red, semi-double;
a peculiar scent, not pleasing.

CATALOGUE OP VARIEtlES.

281

Name of Variety, and
Habit of Growth.

858. Saint George,
mod.

859. Salet, free.

860. Sanguine a,
mod.

861. Senator Vaisse,
mod.

862. Se t i n a, free.

Seven Sisters.
863. Sir Garnet
Wolseley, vig.
or free.

864. SirJ oseph
Paxton, free.

865. Socrates, free.

866. Soeur des An
ges, mod.

867. Solfaterre, vig,
{Augusta,)

H.R.
P.M.

Beng.
H.R.

B.

Mult.
H.R.

B.

H.R.

N.

W. Paul, 1874. Crimson, shaded
with purple.

Lacharme, 1854. Light rose,
medium size, flat form, fairly
good buds, very free. The
best in the class, after Soupert
^ Notting.

Crimson, medium or small size.
An inferior Agrippina.

Guillot-pere, 1859. Raised from
General yacqueminot. Red,
shaded with carmine-crimson,
large, full, well formed, highly
scented. A fine rose, but now
surpassed \iy Mens. E. V. Teas.

T. Henderson, 1859. A sport
from Hermosa. Identical with
the parent, except that the
habit is a little more vigorous.

See Greville.

Cranston, 1875. Said to be a
seedling from Prince Camille.
[We doubt this parentage.]
Nearly identical with Maurice
Bernardin ; the flowers may
be a little superior in finish,
but they are less freely pro-
duced.

LafFay, 1852. Deep red, slightly
tinged with violet, medium
size, well formed, non-au-
tumnal.

Moreau - Robert, 1858. Deep
rose, tinged with fawn, large
or medium size, double or
full. Quite a good Tea.

Oger, 1863. A sport from Bu-
chesse ct Orleans, Flesh, shaded
with lilac ; not valuable.

Boyeau, 1843. Raised from Z^-
marque. Sulphur-yellow, large,

28'^

THE KOSE.

Name of Variety, and
Habit of Growth.

868. Sombreuil,
vig.

869. Soupert& Net-
ting, dwf.

870. Souvenir d'A-
dolphe Thiers,
mod.

871. Souvenird'Au-
guste Riviere,
free.

872. Souvenir d'El-
ise V a r d o n,
mod.

873. Souvenir de
Georges Sand,
free.

874. Souvenir de

P.M.

H.R.

H.R.

T.

T.

double or full, slightly fra-
grant. An excellent climbing
rose, and valuable as a stock
on which to bud Teas.

Moreau-Robert, 1851. Evidently
of Bourbon parentage on one
side. Creamy -white, often
tinted with pink, large or very
large, full, well formed ; the
hardiest and most vigorous of
the white Teas, and Iree from
mildew. A valuable sort for
culture in the open air.

Pernet, 1874. Rose color, very
large, very full, globular form,
highly scented, not very
mossy, a true ever-blooming
rose, five leaflets only. The
flowers are sometimes mal-
formed, but they are infinitely
superior to all others of the
same class.

Moreau-Robert, 1877. Raised
from Cotmtess of Oxford. Red,
tinged with vermilion, very
large.

E. Verdier, 1877. Belongs to
the Prince Camille type. Vel-
vety-crimson.

Marest, 1855. Flesh color,
shaded with rosy - salmon,
large, full ; highly esteemed in
England, but we have never
admired it ; refinement is lack-
ing in the flower.

Madame Ducher, 1876. Salmon
and rose, reverse of petals
tinged with lilac, badly form-
ed.

Boll, 1854. A hybrid Scotch.

CATALOGUE OJ? VARIETIES.

283

Name of Variety, and
Habit of Growth.

Henry
free.

Clay,

875. Souvenir de
la Malmaison,
mod.

876. Souvenir de la
Reine d' An-
gleterre, vig. or
free.

877. Souvenir de
la Reine des
Beiges, mod. or
free.

878. vSouve n i r d e
Laffay.

879. Souve n i r d e
Leveson Gow-
er, free.

880. Souven i r de
Louis Van
Houtte, free.

881. Souve n i r d e
Mme. Robert,
free or vig.

882. Souven i r d e
Marie Detrey,
free.

883. Souve n i r d e
Mens. Boll,
mod. or free.

884. Souve n i r d e
Mons. Droche.

885. Souve n i r d e
Paul Neyron,
mod.

Class.

B.

H.R.

H.R.

H.R.
H.R.

H.R.

H.R.

T.

H.R.

H.R.
T.

Rose color, small or medium
size, gives some blooms in the
autumn.

Beluze, 1843. Supposed to be
a seedling from Madame Des-
prez. Flesh shaded with fawn,
large, very full, flat form, rich
foliage. A splendid rose.

Cochet, 1855. Raised from La
Reine. Bright rose, very large,
double ; shy in autumn.

Cochet, 1855. Carmine red, me-
dium size, good color, rather
tender.

E. Verdier, 1878. Violet-crim-
son.

Guillot-pere, 1852. Deep-rose,
very large, double, or full,
fine flowers ; quite tender, and
subject to mildew.

E. Verdier, 1876. Bright crim-
son, sometimes tinged with
violet, well formed, quite a
good rose.

Moreau-Robert, 1876. Raised
from Jules Mai got tin. Salmon-
pink.

Madame Ducher, 1877. Salmon-
rose ; of inferior quality, not
worth growing.

Boyeau, 1866. Cherry-red, large,
very full.

Madame Ducher. 1880. Car-
mine-rose, double.

Levet, 1871. Said to be a seed-
ling from the Noisette Ophirie.
Pale salmon-yellow, medium

284

THE KOSE.

Name of Variety, and
Habit of Growth.

886. Souven i r d e
Pierre Dupuy,
vig.

887. Souve n i r d e
Mme. Pernet,
vi^.

Souven i r
Spa, mod.

de

889.

890.

Souve n i r de
Victor Verdier,
free or mod.

Souve n i r d e
Wm. Wood,
mod.

891. Souvenir d' un
Ami, free.

892. Souven i r d u
Comte de Ca-
vour, mod.

893. Souve n i r d u
Dr. J a m a i n ,
free.

894. Souve n i r d u
President Por-
cher, mod.

895. Sta n da rd of
Marengo, vig.

896. Stanwell Per-
petual, mod.

H.Ch.

T.

H.R.

H.R.

H.R.

H.R.
H.R.
H.R.

H.R.

S.

or small size ; rather a good
rose, but too delicate to be
generally useful.

A. Levet, 1876. Red, large,
globular flowers, well formed,
fragrant.

Pernet, 1875. Tender rose, the
base of petals tinged with
yellow, large loose flowers,
sparsely produced. A dis-
tinct but not valuable sort.

Gautreau, 1873. Raised from
Mme. Victor Verdier. Bright
red, shaded with crimson, well
formed.

E. Verdier, 1878. Red, shaded
with violet crimson, a well-
formed, good rose.

E. Verdier, 1864. Belongs to
the Prince Ca?7iille type. A
fine, very dark crimson, not
equalling Prince Camille.

Belot, 1846. Rose, tinged with
salmon, very large, full, highly
perfumed ; an old favorite
which yet retains its high rank.

Margottin, 1861. Red, shaded
with crimson.

Lacharme, 1865. Raised from
Charles Lefebvfe. Plum color,
shaded with deep crimson.

T. Grange, 1880. (Sent out by
Vigneron.) Raised from Victor
Verdier. Deep rose.

Guillot-pere, 1851. Rosy-crim-
son, double, fragrant.

Lee. Blush, medium size,
double, delicately scented,
foliage very small, nine to

CATALOGUE OF VAEIETIES.

285

Name of Variety, and
Habit of Growth.

897. Star of Wal
tham, mod. or
dwf.

8g8. Stephanie - et-
Rodolphe, vig.

899. Sulphu r e u X,
mod.

9C0. Sultan of Zan-
zibar, mod.

901. Superba, vig.

902. Sydonie, vig.

903. Tatiana One
guine, free.

904. The Shah, free.

905. Theodore Bui
lier, free.

906. Therese Gene-
vay.

907. Thomas Meth-
ven, free.

H.R.

Cl.T.

T.
H.R.

P.
H.R.

H.R.
H.R.

H.R.

T.
H.R.

eleven leaflets ; dark reddish-
brown wood, numerous small
spines. A hybrid which blooms
in the autumn.

W. Paul, 1875. Carmine-crim-
son, medium size, semi glob-
ular, full, fragrant ; very large
foliage, smooth green wood,
with occasional red thorns. A
good rose but not reliable.

Levet, 1880. Raised from Gloire

I de Dijon. Orange-yellow.

Ducher, 1869. Sulphur yellow,

I medium size.

IG. Paul, 1875. Crimson-maroon,
in the style of S. jReynolds
Hole ; very unhealthy habit.

Feast, 1843. Pink, becoming
blush, small, full, pretty.

Dorisy, 1846. Rose color, me-
dium size, very full, quartered
form, very free blooming, very
hardy ; five to seven leaflets,
red thorns. Its poor shape
destroys its usefulness.

Leveque, 1881. Raised from
Elizabeth Vigneron. Carmine-
red.

G. Paul., 1874. Raised from
Duke of Edinburgh. Red,
shaded with bright crimson,
rather small, full ; ashy bloom-
er, and subject to mildew.

E. Verdier, 1879. Carmine-red,
tinged with violet-crimson.

Levet, 1875. Rose, tinged with
fawn.

E. Verdier, 1869. Red, tinged
with velvety crimson, good
size, well formed ; a fine rose.

286

THE ROSE.

Name of Variety, and
Habit of Growth.

908. Thomas Mills,
vig. or free.

909. Thyra H a m-
merich, mod.or
free.

910. T r i o m p h e
d' Amiens, vig.

911. T r i o m p he
d'Angers, mod.

912. Triomphe de
Beaute, free.

913. Triomplie de
Caen, dwf. or
mod.

914. Triomphe de
France, dwf.

915. Triomphe de
Jaussens, free.

916. Triomphe de
I'Expos i t i on,
free.

917. Triomphe de
Milan, mod.

H.R.

H.R.
H.R.

H.R.
H.R.

Fr.
H.R.

T.

E. Verdier, 1872. Rosy-crimson,
very large, double ; a good
garden variety.

Ledechaux, 1868. Raised from
Duchess of Sutherland. Rosy-
flesh, large, well formed ; dis-
tinct and good.

Mille-Mallet, 1861. A sport from
General J acqtiem inot. Crimson,
sometimes marbled and strip-
ed with carmine-purple, but
generally like the parent ; not
valuable.

Moreau-Robert, 1863. Rich
crimson, suffused with purple.

Oger, 1853. Reddish-crimson,
double, somewhat resembles
General Jacqitemuiot, but much
inferior.

Oger, 1862. Crimson, tinged
with purple, a non-permanent
shade, not desirable.

Margottin, 1875. Carmine-red,
very large, very full, flat, fra-
grant ; a fine sort, but not re-
liable, and of such poor growth
as to destroy its value.

Crimson, large loose flowers,
wood armed with short dark
spines.

Margottin, 1855. Reddish crim-
son, large, rather coarse flow-
ers, fragrant, numerous red
thorns, hardy ; occasionally
comes very fine, but generally
the quality is inferior.

Madame Ducher, 1876. White,
suffused with pale yellow,
without fragrance ; a fine rose,
similar, but inferior, to Marie
Guillot.

CATALOGUE OP VARIETIES.

28r

Name of Variety, and p
Habit of Growth. ^^ass.

918. Triomphe de
Rennes, free.

919. Triomphe de
Toulouse,

920. Triomphe des
Beaux Arts,
free or vig.

921. Triomphe des
Ro s o m a 11 e s,
vig.

922. Triomphe du
Luxembo u rg ,
free.

923. Triumph ant,
visf.

924. Ulrich Brlin-
ner, vig.

Unique.

925. Unique, vig.
{W/iite Prov-
ence.)

926. Vainqueur de
Solferino, mod.

927. V al 1 e e d e
Cham o u n i X ,
mod.

928. Vicomte Mai-
son, vig,

929. Vicomte Vig-
ier, free.

N.

H.R.
H.R.

n.R.

T.

P.

H.R.

M.
Prov.

H R.

H.R.

H.R.

Lansezeur, 1857. From Lamar-
que. Canary-yellow, the centre
tinged with salmon, large, or
very large, full, good.

Brassac, 1874. Red, shaded with
violet-crimson.

Fontaine, 1857. Raised from
General Jacqueminot. An in-
ferior likeness of the parent.

Gonod, 1873. Belongs to the
General yacqueininot type.
Crimson, tinged with purple,
fragrant, and of fair quality ; a
good seed-bearer.

Hardy, 1836. (Sent out by Ma-
dame Pean.) BufF-rose, large,
good in the bud, of healthy
habit ; a desirable sort.

Pierce, 1850. Rosy-red, me-
dium size, double or full, dis-
tinct ; seven leaflets are com-
mon.

Levet, 1881. Raised from Paul
Neyron. Cherry-red.

See White Bath.

Grimwood, 1778. White, a good

I rose, similar but inferior to

I Madame Hardy.

Damaizin, 1859. Belongs to the
Giant of Battles type. Red,
shaded with purplish-crim-
son.

Ducher, 1873. Coppery-yellow

I and rose, medium size.

Fontaine, 186S. Cherry-red,
double, fades quickly, strag-
gling habit.

E. Verdier, 1861. Maroon,
tinged with violet, a well-
formed, globular flower.

&88

*HE ilOSE.

Name of Variety, and
Habit of Growth.

930. Vicomtesse de
Gazes, dwf,

931. Victor Pulliat,
mod.

932. Victor Trouil-
lard.

933. Victor V e r-
dier, mod.

934. V il laret de
Joyeuse, free.

935. V ill e de St.
Denis, free.

936. Violette Bou-
yer, free or vig.

937. Virgil, free.

938. Viri d i fl o r a ,
free. ( Viridi-
scens. )

939. Virgi nale,
mod.

. 940. Viscou n tess
Falmouth, dwf.

T.

T.
H.R.

H.R.

H.R.
H.R.
H.R.

H.R.

Beng.

H.R.

H.T.

Pradel, 1844. Coppery-yellow,
rather loose form, very delicate
habit.

Ducher, 1870. Pale yellow, long
buds, quite a good Tea.

Trouillard, 1856. (Sent out by
Standish & Noble.) Crimson
and purple.

Lacharme, 1852. Bright rose,
with carmine centre, a very
fresh shade, but not perma-
nent, semi-globular form, of
good size, not fragrant ; very
free, the wood is all but
smooth, the foliage lustrous.
This variety is doubtless of
Bourbon origin ; it is a beau-
tiful rose, but with its entire
progeny is more tender than
any other types in the class.

Damaizin, 1874. Bright rose,
well formed.

Thouars, 1853. From La Reine.
Carmine-rose.

Lacharme, 1881. From Jules
Margotthi X SombreuiL White,
tinged with pink.

Guillot-pere, 1870. (Sent out
by W. Paul.) Pink, tinged
with lavender, not valuable.

Green flowers, of no beauty
whatsoever, only sought for as
a curiosity.

Lacharme, 1858. White, with
flesh centre, medium size,
double or full, well formed ;
a good rose, but of very deli-
cate habit.

Bennett, 1879. From President
X Soupert-et-Notiing. Mottled

CATALOGUE OF VARIE!TIES.

289

Name of Variety, and
Habit of Growth.

941. Vulcain, mod.

^942. W. A. Rich-
ardson, vig.

943. W. Wilson
Saunders.mod.

944. Washington,
vig.

945. White Bank-
sia, vig.

946. White Baron-
ess, mod.

947. White Bath,
mod. or free.
( Unique).

Class.

H.R.

N.
H.R.

N.
B'k.
H.R.

M.

rose, the exterior of petals
with a silvery lustre, very
large, very full, globular, hav-
ing the intense fragrance of
Soupert et- Nottwg, and like
that variety inclined to come
malformed. The wood is
very thorny, the shoots slen-
der.

E. Verdier, 1862. Rich crim-
son, double, well formed ; a
rose of splendid color.

Madame Ducher, 1878. Orange-
yellow, medium size, of fair
quality.

G. Paul, 1874. Belongs to the
Charles Lefeb vre type. M ay b e
briefly described as an inferior
Charles Lejebvre,

Stewart (of Philadelphia).
White, medium size, loose
flowers, poor.

Brought to England from China
in 1807. Pure white, small
full flower, violet-scented.

G. Paul, 1882. A sport from
Baroness Rothschild. Unlike
Mabel Morrison^ this is quite
as full a rose as the parent,
and it is pure white; in other
respects, as vigor of growth,
etc., it is identical with Bar-
oness Rothschild. We saw
this in flower at Cheshunt
during the summer of 1880,
and were greatly impressed
with its merit.

Salter. A sport from the Com-
mon. White, sometimes tinged
with flesh, attractive in bud

290

THE KOiSE.

Name of Variety, and
Habit of Growth.

White Prov-
ence.
948. William Grif-
fith, free.

949. William Jesse,
free.

950. William
Koelle, mod.

951. William Lobb,
free.

952. William War-
den, vig.

953. Woodland
Margu e ri te,
vig.
J 954. Xavier Olibo,
/ mod. or dvvf.

955. Yellow Bank,
sia, vig.

Prov.
H.R.

H.R.
H.R.

M.
H.R.

N.
H.R.

B'k.

and open flower
five leaflets, of
habit. Much the
moss.
See Unique.

general I}^

straggling

best white

Portemer, 1850. Pink, much
resembling Countess C. de Cha-
brillant, but the flowers are
somewhat smaller, the wood
smoother, and in habit it is
more vigorous, but also much
more liable to injury from the
cold.

Laffay, 1840. Red, suflfused with
violet, in the way of Pius the
Ninth. An undesirable sort.

Pernet, 1878. Raised from Al-
fred Colomb, The flowers are
nearly or quite the same shade
as those of the parent, the
habit is partially that of Charles
Lefehvre.

Laffay, 1855. Violet-red, not an
attractive sort.

Mitchell & Son, 1878. A sport
from Madame Clemence Joig-
neaux. Pink flowers, the
habit, etc., is the same as that
of the parent.

J. Pentland, 1859. White, some-
times with flesh, medium size ;
of fair quality.

Lacharme, 1864. Said to be
from Gen. Jacqiieniinot. Very
deep, rich crimson, large flow-
ers, moderately full ; a superb
rose.

Brought to England from China
in 1827. Like White Banksia,

CATALOGUE OF VARIETIES.

291

Name of Variety, and
Habit of Growth.

Yellow Tea.
956. Yolande d'Ar-
agon, free.

except the color, which is clear
yellow.

See F lav esc ens.

Vibert, 1843. Lilac-rose, flat
form, straggling habit ; worth-
less.

IN I) E X .

Aphis, The, 74.
Austrian Roses, 16.
Autumnal Roses, 25, 116.
Ayrshire Roses, 10.
Banksia Roses, 10.
Bedding Roses, 113.
Bengal Roses, 34.
Best Roses, The, 120.
Books on Roses, v. 190.
Bourbon Roses, 36.
Boursault Roses, 11.
Boxes for Exhibiting, 95.
Brier, The, as a Stock, 91.
Budded Roses, 89.
Cabbage Rose, The, 23.
Catalogue of Varieties, 194.
Caterpillars, 78.
Champney Roses, 28.
China Roses, 34.
Classification, 7.
Climbing Roses, 10, 116.
Climbing Tea Roses, 33.
Cuttings, 85, 100.
Damask Roses, 16.
Descriptions, 194.
Diseases, 73.
Eglantine, The, 24.
Evergreen Roses, 11.

Exhibiting Roses, 93.
Exhibition Roses, The Best,

118.
Failure, Causes of, 57.
Fairy Roses, 36.
Families of Roses, 10.
Free-blooming Roses, 116.
Forcing Roses, 100, 113.
Fragrant Roses, 117.
French Roses, 17.
Grafting, 91.
Green Fly, 74.
Hybrid Noisette Roses, 38.
Habit of Growth, 196.
Hardy Roses, 118.
Hellebore, 78.
Hybrid China Roses, 18.
Hybrid Climbing Roses, 12,

26.
Hybrid Perpetual Roses, 40.
Hybrid Remontant Roses,

40.
Hybrid Tea Roses, 42.
Insects, 73.
Leaf Roller, 78.
Layers, 92.
Mail, Plants by, 62.
Manetti, The, as a stock, 91.

IKMX.

^^93

Manures, 68.
May Bug, 80.
Microphylla Roses, 27.
Mildew, 75.
Monthly Roses, 25.
Moss Roses, 22.
Multitlora Roses, 12.
Night-soil, 69.
Noisette Roses, 28.
Own Roots, 85.
Pegged-down Roses, 113.
Permanent Colors, 152.
Perpetual Roses, 25
Perpetual Moss Roses, 46.
Pillar Roses, 20.
Planting, 61.
Polyantha Roses, 31.
Position for Planting, 56.
Pot-culture, 100.
Potting Roses, loi.
Prairie Roses, 13.
Propagation, 85.
Protection, 49.
Provence Roses, 23.
Pruning, 61.
Quassia, 75.
Rose Bug, The, 79.
Rose Chafer, The, 79.
Rose Slug, The, 80.
Rose Hopper, The, 77.

Roses for Special Purposes,

113.

Roses under Glass, 100.

Raisers of the Best Roses, 120.

Red Spider, The, 76.

Running Roses, 25.

Sawfly, 80.

Sarmentous Roses, 10.

Scotch Roses, 24.

Seed Parents, 145.

Seedling Roses, 177.

Similar Varieties, 160.

Soils, 56.

Solfaterre as a Stock, 30.

Stocks, 91.

Suckers, 90.

Sulphur, 75, 77.

Summer Roses, 10.

Sweet Brier, The, 24.

Tea Roses, 47.

Technical Terms, 52.

Thrip, 77.

Tobacco, for Fumigating, 75.

Too-much-alike Roses, 152.

Typical Roses, 164.

Varieties for Special Pur-
poses, 113.

When to Plant, 61.

White Grub, 80.

Yellow Roses, 16.

^^^^i^m.

3 1197 00259 0369 ^^

5^35=35^