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THE

EOSE MANUAL;

/

COXTAINIXG
ACCURATE DESCRIPTIONS OF ALL THE FINEST YARIETI]

OF ' •

EOSES,

PKOPEIILY CLASSED IN THEIR RESPECTIVE FAMILIES.
TIlEIFi. CHARACTER AND MODE OF CULTURE,

WITH

DIEECTIONS FOR THEIR PROPAGATION,
AND THE DESTRUCTION OF INSECTS.

WITH ENGRAVINGS.

(Eijivi) (25t)ltion, tuitl) ^Ibbitions.

BY ROBERT BUIST,

NURSERYMAN, SEEDSMAN AND FLORIST,

Aulhor of "'The American Flo-sver Garden Directory." '•Family Kitcken

Gardener."' &c.

PHILADELPHIA:

FOR THE AUTHOR, A. HART, and LIPPINCOTT, GRAMBO & CO.
185L

"iir iiiiifiiiiifiii

LIBRARY

^

DIVERSITY OF
iSSACHUSETTS

!HFuST, MASS.

Entered according to the Act of Congress, in the year 184-1. by
R. BUIST,

in the Office of the Clerk of the District Court for the Eastern
District of Pennsylvania.

PHILADELPHIA :
B. MIFFLIN. PRINTER, 63 WALNUT STREET.

EGBERT BUIST,
NURSERYMAN AND SEEDGROWER,

Warehouse, No. 97 Chestnut Street, above Third, North side;
Nursery and Seed Farm, Darby Road.

Fruit, Shade and Ornamental Trees

OF EVERY DESCRIPTION;

Grape Vines, Evergreens, Roses and other
Shrubs, G-reenhouse and Garden Plants,

Seeds of my own growth or imported, "Wholesale and
Retail.

Garden implements of approved make.

Iron Yasps, Settees and Chairs. Every article war-
ranted to be what it is represented. Twe?ity-tico
years established.

Author of the "American Flower Garden Directory,"
''Rose ]\Janiial," ''Family Kitchen Gardener," &.c.

All cash orders promptly attended to.

INTRODUCTION.

Custom has made it the privilege of authors to set
forth the merit and purport of their productions in
some preliminary remarks. Of this privilege I gladly
avail myself, to disclaim at once all pretensions to
the art of composition.

These pages owe their existence merely to the re-
peated demands of numerous friends and customers,
for a work on Roses, simple in its arrangement, and
clear in its directions. I have endeavoured to gratify
their wishes, and have now only to hope that their
satisfaction may bear some proportion to the pleasure
I have found in the task.

This volume contains the result of twenty-eight
years' experience on the subject of which it treats,
twenty-three of which have been as a nurseryman
cultivating the largest collection in the countr3^ I
do not wish to be understood, however, as arrogating
to myself any greater share of knowledge in rose
culture than can be acquired by all practical men.

VI INTRODUCTION.

But it is not to these that I address myself. My hum-
ble aim has been to present to the inexperienced
lovers of the Kose, a guide to enable them to select,
cultivate, and propagate their favourite flower. Our
observations made among the numerous collections of
nurserymen and amateurs in this vicinity, induced me
frequently to alt^r descriptions 1 had already written,
colours varying to so great an extent in different soils
and seasons.

We were at one period almost the exclusive grow-
er and cultivator of the Kose ; not so now, large
collections are arising of decided merit, and well-
g:*own, by Jas. Ritchie, florist, Kensington, and John
Sherwood, florist, College Wharf, near Bristol, Pa.

The first season after planting, roses do not, in gener-
al, flower in all the perfection to which they can be
brought after one or two years' growth, taking that
tinne to become thoroughly established. A few of the
new kinds have bloomed but once ; a very accurate
description of such can scarcely be expected ; and in
some instances it may hereafter appear that I have
not done full justice to their real merit. Amateurs
have hitherto found great diflTiculty in selecting from
the catalogues of nurserymen. This treatise, we
hope, may be found of service in assisting them to
form, their collections 5 and the index of names, re-
ferring, as it does, to the character of every rose

INTRODUCTIOX. VU

mentioned in the work, will, we think, prove especi-
ally useful.

Incorrectness in the names of plants has long; been a
stigma on commercial gardening ; none can pretend
to be quite immaculate in this matter, but all may
become still more careful in avoiding these inaccura-
cies. Every nurserym.an is now aware of the great re-
sponsibility resting upon him relative to correct nom^en-
clature, and no honest man will condesend io contribute
in spreading the practice of attaching a false name.
On this point we think Philadelphia nurserymen are
as free from reproach as any in the Union, and I may
be permitted to add, that in rose culture they are
adepts, living, as they do, as it were in a very hot-
bed of roses, fostered by the judicious management of
the Horticultural Society, and encouraged by the
patronage of the lovers of flowers, who, amongst us,
are almost as numerous as the dwellings of our city
and county. It would be ungrateful not to add my
sincere acknowledg.nents to all those to whom I am
indebted for valuable information, and in an especial
manner to a lady amateur, whose valuable services
have frequently brightened our ideas. And finally,
let me be allowed to place this humble offering under
the patronage of the Ladies, trusting that their love
of the subject will induce them to look over all defi-
ciencies in the manner of treating it, and hoping that

INTRODUCTION.

the views and experience of a practical man, honest-
ly given, and in a style aiming at nothing but per-
spicuity, may be Oi^ some use to them. ^Vhile it has
been my object to produce a manual adapted to the
wants of every rose fancier, I have been especially
anxious to m.ake the task of selection an easier one to
my fair patronesses, and if I succeed in assisting any
of them in the choice or culture of a single rose, I
shall be satisfied ; — or should I be the means of indu-
cing some to enter the flowery paths of Floriculture,
where healihful employment and innocent pleasures
wait to greet them, my highest ambition will be at-
t lined.

R. BUIST,
KosEDALE NuKSERY, Darby Road,

two miles below Gray's Ferry,

C 0 X T E N T S

KoSA ALriNA,

The Boursault Rose, - - - - 13

Rosa Sempervirens,

The Evergreen Rose, - - - -15

Rosa Banksiana,

The Lady Banks Rose, - - . - 1 8

Rosa Multiflora,

The Multiflora Rose, - - - - 20

Hydrid Climbing Roses - - - - - 23

Rosa Rubifolia,

The Prairie Rose, - - - - 26

Rosa Rubiginosa,

The Sweet Briar, - - - - - 32

Rosa Ltjtea,

The Yellow Austrian Rose, - - .34

Rosa. SpixosissniA,

The Scotch, or Burnet Rose, - - - 37

Rosa Centifolia,

The Provins, or Cabbage Rose, - - - 39

Rosa CENTiFOLfA Mlscosa,

The Moss Rose, - - - - - 42

Rosa Gallica,

The Rose of France, . - - - 48

Striped, Spotted, and Marbled Roses, - - 04

Rosa Alba,

The White Garden Rose, - - - 58

Rosv Damascena,

The Damask Rose, - - - - 60

Xll CONTE^'TS.

Hybrid Chinese Roses, - - - - 62

Planting, - - - . - . 72

Growing Roses from Seed, - - - - 74

Propagation of Garden or June Roses, - - 78

Propagation by Budding, - - - - 80

Propagation by Grafting, - - - - 84

Noisette Roses, - - - - - 88

Rosa Indica Odorata,

The Tea Scented Rose, . . - _ lOo

Rosa Indica,

The Bengal Chinese, or Daily Rose, - - 120

Rosa Lawrenciana,

The Miniature Rose, - - - - 132

Rosa Bourboniana,

The Bourbon Rose, - - - - 134
Rejiontantes,

Or, Hybrid Perpetual Rose, - - - 147

Perpetual Damask Rose, - - - . - 156

Rosa Microphylla,

Or, Smallieaved Rose, - - - - 163

Rosa Moschata,

Musk Scented Rose, - - - - 167

Cultivation of Roses in Pots, - - - 169

Liquid Manure, - - - - - 171

Poudrette, - - - - - -171

Guano, -- - - - - -171

Insects injurious to the Rose, - - - I72

Brown's Fumigator _ _ - - . 172

Mildew on the Rose, ----- 174

Propagation of Roses that bloom the whole season, 175

PREFACE.

It affords no small gratification to be called upon
by the admirers of the rose, for a third edition of
their favourite Rose Manual, which we now present,
having added all the new sorts of merit, and discard-
ed many others that are now deemed worthless.
The universal diffusion of the pure moral and re-
fined taste of rose culture amono;st the fair dauo-hters
of Western Eden, progresses equally with any
branch, study, or science of this telegraphic age — a
taste that is admired and appreciated by every visiter
and friend.

There is no word of censure in our vocabulary that
can be applicable to those who devote a few of their
leisure hours to love, admire, and cultivate that emblem
of beauty, the rose. I do congratulate its lovers (and
who are not 1) on the many beautiful distinct acquisi-
tions to this charming family, since our previous edi-
tion. This third offering contains every improve-
ment in culture and character, that has been found of
practical value or ornament in the Rose, which has
become within the past few years extremely and ex-
tensively popular. The increasing inquiry for new
varieties, so absorbs the interest of both cultivators and

PREFACE.

purchasers, that many of the older and approved kinds
give place to those of more recent introduction, whose
merits, to say the most of them, are questionable.

As far as possible, we have avoided entering into
detail on subjects not known to us, or to those in
this country whose judgment can be relied upon.
Were T\''e disposed, it v\^ould be an easy method of
attraction, to republish the volumes of European al^
thors, but we prefer to have a smaller shadow, and
hope a better substance in detailing only what is, and
what can be practised and relied upon in this variable
climate. One deficiency, which all writers on the
Rose labour under, is the want of a classical nomen-
clature j many names are entirely fanciful, without
derivation or application ; catalogues cannot generally
be depended upon, either in name or description ;
even those who know and do all things more perfectly
than others, frequently fall into anomalies of the most
cxLtre character. However, this does not detract from
the beautiful new varieties that we have brought to
the notice of our readers, and Vvhoever of them visits
the " City of Love," bedded in roses, will find that its
Florists, Amateurs, and devoted cultivators are in the
advance, or at least not in the rear of any people, or
portion of the United States, in the knowledge, cul-
ture, and possession of this Queen of Flowers.

ROBERT BUIST.

ROSES THAT BLOOM U JUTs^E.

ROSA ALPINA

THS BOURSArLT ROSE.

This tribe takes its name from the late Mons.
Boursault, a distinguished French amateur horti-
culturist. They are the hardiest of the climbing
roses — easily known by their long flexible shoots,
of a reddish-purple colour, and withstanding with
impunity the severest of our winters, flowering pro-
fusely early in the season ; they may well be termed
the harbingers of the rosary. They are well adapt-
ed for covering arbours or concealing outbuildings,
walls, or any other disagreeable objects. They are
also frequently cultivated for stocks, whereon to bud
other roses of more rare character, which purpose
they will answer very well ; though a plant thus
formed renders its durability uncertain, being very
liable to sucker, or throw out shoots from the ground,
thereby taking away nourishment from the part of

14< ROSES THAT BLOOM IX JUNE.

the plant which most requires it ; of course, all suck-
ers or shoots below the bud or graft must be dis-
placed. It was introduced in 1829-30. The fol-
lowing sorts are most worthy of notice.

Amadis or Elegans are the same ; of rapid growth,
makes a most magnificent pyramid of rich purple
crimson ; the flowers are produced in clusters, are
perfectly double, and of considerable duration. White
Boursault^ Blush, Bengal Florida, Rose de Lisle, the
same rose, known under all these, and even some
other names ; the flowers are very large, of a blush
colour, with a deep pink centre, pendulous, and
very showy, but occasionally do not open well.
Gracilis^ is of slender growth, with bright pink
flowers, not fully double, but very profuse. Inermis^
has large bright pink flower?, in great profusion ;
«:rows rapidly, and is rendered the more desirable by
having a little fragrance, of which, with this excep-
tion, this group are entirely destitute. Purpurea^
purple crimson flowers, little more than half double ;
it is the most common of the tribe, and has been
extensively cultivated and sold under the name of
Purple Noisette, Maheka^ Michigan^ Sec, and is
cultivated and sold from the flat boats on the Ohio
and Mississippi rivers under all these and sevenii
other names; compared with the preceding sorts, it 'm
not worth culture. Red or Pink is the oldest variety,

ROSES THAT BLOOM IN JUNE. 15

Avith flowers only semidouble ; the colour is pretty,
and its profusion, at a distance, make up for deficiency
of petals. The species Rosa Alpina is a native of
the Alps, where its scrubby habit has little affinity to
the rampant growers now described. They should
have, wherever planted, plenty of space allotted for
them ; for after being one or two years established,
they will make shoots ten or twelve feet long. In
pruning, the oldest wood should be cut out, merely
to keep the branches from being too crowded : the
tlowers are produced from the wood of the preceding-
year. They will grow freely in any soil or situation,
and will bear with impunity the severest winters of.
the northern states.

ROSA SEMPERVIRENS.

THE EVERGREEN ROSE.

This rose and its varieties, although very popular
in France and England, lose much of the character
implied by the name when cultivated in this part
of the United States, where they become deciduous,
losing their foliage on the approach of severe frost.
But in the more favoured southern climes, they retain

16 . noSES THAT BLOOM IX JUNE.

it during winter, and there grow and bloom in pro-
fuse wreaths or garlands, making them objects of
great attraction in their season. They are in colour
generally pale, making a decided contrast with the
Boursault family. They grow rapidly, and are well
adapted for arches, grottos, rockwork, pillars, or trel-
lises. The foliage is of a peculiarly bright shining
green. Adelaide d^Orleans has flowers of apale rosy
blush, very double and perfectly formed, in large
clusters, valuable for blooming later than any of what
are termed June Roses. Do?ina Maria^\nd Princess
Maria, appear to be the same, or so nearly alike, that
a distinction cannot be even faintly drawn. Flowers
nearly white. Felicite Perpetuelle has been recog-
nized under many names in Europe, but it is believed
to be pu7'e here : it is a very perfect rose, beautifully
cupped, of a creamy-white colour, and when well
grown makes a magnificent pyramid. Myrianthes is
of the most regular form, being very double, and
imbricated to the centre ; a plant covered with its
delicate rosy-coloured flowers is a charming object.
It has been sold (as its name imports) as a Noisette
blooming all the season^ a character which it never
merited, never had, and never will have. Semper-
vireiis Pleno^ a pure white, is our oldest variety,
perfectly double, and a very desirable rose ; it is the
parent of Noisette Aimee Vibert, an association which

ROSES THAT BLOOxM IN JUNE. 17

will long preserve it from oblivion. Triomphe de
BoIIwiller, is a superb blush-white rose, very large,
very double, in great clusters, and agreeably fragrant;
in the south it is surprisingly fine, but with us it is
rather tender. When this rose first made its appear-
ance in France, it came out as the most beautiful of
the "Teas;" after its more general cultivation it was
placed among the Noisettes ; it now falls back to
those sorts that only bloom once, where it is now
distinguished under the name of Sempervirens odorata.
After fourteen years' travel through the French cata-
logues, it is now set down where it should have been
placed at first, a situation given to it by me seven
years ago. There are several other varieties of Rosa
Sempervirens, but none of sufficient interest or dis-
tinction from the above to claim any detailed notice.
In the southern states, this family, associated with
R.osa Laevigata or Georgia Evergreen Rose, would
make a very splendid group for covering fences,
embankments, or any other object where a continual
foliage was desirable ; they require very little pru-
ning, and would soon cover a large space. They
could be propagated by layering to any extent ; any
good soil will suit their growth. They could also be
used for covering the naked stems of trees with great
advantage, in any ornamental point of view; if used
for such a purpose they will require a portion of

IS ROSES THAT BLOOM IN JUNE.

manure dug into the ground about their roots every
winter. In pruning, the wood of several years old
should be cut out, only laying in the young shoots
their full length ; these shoots can be turned and
twisted in any direction ; although it is decidedly
best to lay them in straight and equal.

ROSA BANKSIANA.

THE LADY BANKS ROSE.

When this rose first made its appearance in the
time of Sir Joseph Banks, it was hailed vrith the
greatest rapture by every lover of the tribe, and it
was instantly complimented with the name of his
lady. It is the states south of this where it must
hi seen to be pronounced the most graceful, luxu-
riant, and beautiful of roses; there it is a perfect
evergreen, covering the ends, fronts, and, in some
instances, the entire dwellings of many of the in-
habitants, who name it the ^'■Evergreen Midtiflora .-^
To us, the beauty of the plant is nearly lost, being
too tender for general planting in the garden ; *

* Though in some very sheltered situations in this city we
have seen plants covering a space of forty feet, and producing
tlipusands of flowers.

ROSES THAT BLOOM IN JUNE. 19

when grown in the greenhouse, its beauty and luxu-
riance almost disappear. This thornless rose is so
perfectly double that it rarely produces seed. Al-
though many European growers recognize and sell
several varieties of Banksia Roses, yet there are
only four, in our opinion, that deserve attention ;
the others are hybrids, mere misnomers. One cata-
logue offers twenty-one varieties, all beautifully
named, our goodly city being complimented by
Philadelphica having a place in the list. The
liowers are produced on the small twiggy branches,
hence it is important to divest the plants of any long
rampart growth that it may set forth, unless it is
required to lay in to fill up any vacancy. The
White Banksian Rose has flowers little more than
half an inch in diameter, which are of the purest
white, with a delicate pink centre, of a very delightful
violet perfume, and are produced in a profusion of
small clusters. Grandifiora^ white with violet centre,
larger than the former, very fragrant. Banksia Vif^
or bright vellow Banksia, flower larger than the old
yellow, of a bright lemon colour. The Yellow Bank-
sian Rose, has pale yellow or straw-coloured flowers,
in size rather larger than the white, being perfectly
imbricated, and really gems of beauty, but without
odour ; if the white were to be seen apart from the
plant, by the inexperienced, they would never be

20 _ ROSES THAT BLOOM IN JUNE.

taken for a rose, so unlike are they to any of the
tribe. Travelers inform us that these roses are cul-
tivated in China, under the name of Wongmoue-
heong^ where a pink variety has been seen, for which
as yet we have longed in vain ; but it may now be
confidently expected, from the many Horticultural
expeditio?is at present engaged in exploring that
hitherto sealed countrv.

ROSA MULTIFLORA.

THE MULTIFLORA EOSE

Is a native of Japan, and is consequently moro
hardy than the preceding famih'. Its name is as
familiar to the ear as that of the rose itself. It was
among the first that ever had any celebrity in this
vicinitv, and I have no doubt of its having; been
cultivated in this countr}' thirt}^ years ago. In dry
soils it is tolerably hardy, and south of this per-
fectly so. The flowers are produced in such pro-
fusion that it has often received the cognomen of
yyreath-rose. The treatment and pruning may be
the same as recommended for Kosa Sempervirens.
Several varieties have been produced from it, which

RCSES THAT BLOOM IN JUNE. 21

ill some instances rivaled the original. ^^Iba is a
blush white, in every character similar to the fol-
lowing, except in colour. Multifloj-a is the name
of the oldest cultivated sort. The flowers are per-
fectly double, cupped shape, produced in clusters
of a pretty pink colour, about an inch in diameter.
When first brought into notice about Philadelphia,
it is said that twenty dollars were frequently given
for a single plant. Floriculture has now more
patronage, and thousands of admirers, so that the
grower can afford to put every article at a very low
rate; indeed many roses, and even the one in ques-
tion,, can be purchased for as many cents, so that
for this trifle every garden in the land may have
a rose. Grevillia or Seven Sisters, was at one
period greatly esteemed and admired for its variety
of character ; although its singularity is still the
same, yet its former admirers have transferred their
encomiums to other more beautiful sorts. It is a
fine grower, producing its flowers in large clusters,
no two of which are alike j opening of every
shade, from pure white to deep purple. Indeed
this rose has no compeer ; it produces its flowers
single, semidouble, and double, and in such variety
of shade and colour, that there are rarely two alike,
An east or northeast situation suits it best ; other*
wise the effect of its variety is greatlv diminished

EOSES THAT BLOOM IX JUNE.

by the direct rays of the sun. It requires a dry
sheltered spot. Lnure Davoust is the climax of
perfection in this family ; with all the aid of the
imagination, its beaut}- on a well grown plant can-
not be pictured. The flowers are of various shades
of colour, from white to a lovely deep pink, perfect
in form ; the clusters are immense, and produced
from almost every eye of the strong wood of the
preceding year; it is of very strong growth, making
shoots of twenty feet in one season, with very lux-
uriant foliage, and is more hardy than the three
former. For covering outbuildings, verandas, co-
lumns, temples, &c., it has no superior. Russel-
liana, Scarlet Grevillia, Kussell's Cottage Rose,
Cottage Rose, and I believe it is sold under some
other titles besides, is considerably hybridized, but
not so as to lose its character as a pillar rose. I have
pillars of it twenty feet high, forming, during the
month of June, a very attractive object, having a
profusion of flowers of the richest shades of crimson ;
many of them being striped with white. From the
base to the pinnacle it is one mass of glowing
beauty. Perfectly hardy in our coldest latitudes, it
has large rich green foliage, very distinctly and deeply
nerved ; the shoots are strong and erect, and will
grow freely in any soil or situation. The old
shoots only should be thinned out ; the young

ROSES THAT BLOOM IN JUNE. 23

wood ought never to be shortened unless locality de-
mands it. The same style of pruning will apply to
all the varieties of the Multiflora. This operation
should be performed early in the spring, before the
buds swell, but never when the wood is in a frozen
state. In more southern climates pruning can be
done at any period, from December to January; but
in the middle and eastern states it should be underta-
ken as soon as frost is out of the wood, in February
or March, and the plants tied or nailed at once to
their respective supports. Multiflora Graulhie is the
only pure white of this group. I have seen the flow-
ers perfectly double, rather larger than the common
variety : a very strong grower, and blooms freely.

HYBRID CLIMBING ROSES.

Under this head I have to place several sorts that
have made their appearance, partaking of the habits
of other families, but which, notwithstanding, cannot
be properly classed with them. It is always a diffi-
cult point to decide on the connecting link between
the various species and varieties of the rose ; they
have now become so numerous by hybridization,
sports, and other speculative features, that in many
instances there is doubt where to place many choice
sorts that are almost yearly brought to our notice. I

2i. ROSES THAT BLOOM IN JUNE.

will, however, in no instance, follow the path of
othars merely because the track is made, but will, from
observation, make all my own assertions, and give
my own views, trusting that my readers will make
allowances for soil, climate, and a difference of opin-
ion on all subjects.

Garland is a pretty white, producing its flowers in
clusters, containing frequently from seventy-five to one
hundred, forming a conical corymb of about sixteen
inches in diameter, the whole plant appearing in the
distance like a pagoda of snow interspersed with foli-
age of the brightest green ; the growth is very rapid,
making ten to twenty feet in a season. .Madame
d\Jrblay, or Wells White Climber, has been highly
extolled ; in growth it is the giant of climbers, for
strength and rapidity excelling any that 1 have seen j
the foliage is also very strong, partaking in that re-
spect of the Bourbon family. Its flowers are pure
white, like the preceding, and produced in very large
bunches. It is of a very hardy nature, and will with-
stand severe cold without being the least affected.
It is also an excellent variety to propagate for stocks
whereon to bud or graft the finer sorts of Bengal,
Tea, or Bourbon Roses, having no appearance of be-
ing liable to sucker from the root.

Ruse Blanche^ or Bengalensis Scandens, is appa-
rently a hybrid between some of the Sempervirens

HOSES THAT BLOOM IN JUNE. 25

and Tea family; its very large flowers, about three
and a half inches in diameter, perfectly double, of a
waxy blush colour delicately suffused with white, are
objects of great attraction, and admired wherever
seen ; it is moreover a very early rose. Whoever has
visited the celebrated Bartram Garden,* near this city,
about the end of May or first of June, must have been
struck with its beauty there, spreading nearly over
the whole side of the dwelling, and covered with
thousands of pendulous blushing beauties. The vari-
ety of names under which it is cultivated (even by
individuals that ought to see better) is really amusing.
Rose and White Noisette, Striped Noisette, Indica
Major, Walton Climber, a new rose from Natchez and
some others, of which I have no note, Jluga, or Tea
Scented Ayrshire, is evidently a variety between the
Tea Rose and the celebated Ayrshire Rose, having the
growth and- habit of the latter, with a considerable
portion of the delightful fragrance of the former. It
is of the niost delicate blush colour, and tolerably dou-
ble; a profuse bloomer, and seeds freely. It does well
as a pillar Rose, but has not wood nor foliage sufficient
for covering walls or arbours. Fortunes Yellow is not
worth a passing remark, if it was not for its assuming
name. Colour, when grown under glass, a creamy

• Now Bartram Hall, the property of A. M. Eastwick, Esq.
3

26 ROSES THAT BLOOM IN JUNE.

muddy white — when grown in the open air, a bronzy
salmon like Noisette, Jaune Desprez, flow'ers nearly
single, foliage like La Pactole, with the growth of the
Ayrshire rose. ^Istrolabe, Elegans, Hybrida, and some
others of this class, are not w^orth attention; all these
bloom only once in the season, but are of considerable
duration, say six weeks in cold seasons, but if in severe
heat, their time of inflorescence will not exceed one
month. The pruning and training recommended fov
Rosa Sempervirens will suit these. They are all fra-
grant, and a rosary connot be complete without them.
To grow them in perfection, they require rich ground
on a dry bottom; in such a situation, after being well-
established, they will make shoots twenty feet long in
one season.

ROSA R U B I F O L I A .

THE PRAIRIE ROSE.

This native is destined to convey to every hall,
cottage, and wigwam of the Union, the Rose, the
acknowledged queen of flowers. Its constitution is
such that it \\\l\ bear without injury the icy breezes
of the St. Lawrence, or the melting vapours of the
Mississippi. It was in 1837 that we first saw a dou-
ble variety of this rose, although such as has been
cultivated in Ohio and Kentucky for many years.
The flowers are produced in large clusters of various

ROSES THAT BLOOM IN JU.XE. 27

shades of colour from blush to deep rose, blooming
with us from the end of June to the end of July, be-
ing a period of the year when there are few others in
a flowering state, thereby filling up a space between
the first and second blooming of the Noisette, Tea,
and Bourbon families. The foliag^e is rouorh, large,
and generally of a dark green; the wood is strong
and flexible, and for rapidity of growth has no equal.
I have no doubt that in good soil it would reach one
hundred feet in a very few years. It is admirably
adapted for covering rock work, old buildings, or
any object requiring to be hid ; it also delights in a
procumbent position, and can be used for covering
naked spaces of rough ground, or even to make a
flowery carpet of every shade of colour. For the fol-
lowing varieties we are indebted to Mr. Samuel Feast,
Nurseryman, Baltimore, who raised them from seeds
of the native Prairie Eose. There is not a rose fan-
cier but will thank him for opening a field for the
hybridizer, in which the rose is to be cultivated to
admiration, and blooming six months of the year,
throughout every state of the Union. These roses
will form parents to be impregnated with the more
fragrant blooming sorts, such as Bourbon, Tea, Bengal
and Noisette. We may therefore expect from them
a progeny perfectly hardy, and blooming at least three
or four times during the season. In general, rose

28 ROSES THAT BLOOM IX JUNE.

growing is confined to latitudes south of 4P, the Chi-
nese varieties, and their hybrids, that bloom constant-
ly, being too tender to bear winter exposure north of
that line. When we can produce perpetual blooming
hybrids from this Kosa Rubifolia, they will withstand
every variety of climate, and perhaps may some day
be seen covering the frozen hut of the Esquimaux.
Baltimore Belle is a creamy white, producing a
profusion of very compact and perfectly double
flowers in clusters of six to twelve, very splendid.
Beauty of the Prairies^ or Queen of the Prairies,
Mr. Feast's No. 1, is certainly the best of the group,
having very large rose-coloured flowers three inches in
diameter, frequently showing a stripe of white in the
centre of each petal. They are produced in clusters,
in which they always appear cup shaped, and stand
for several days without being affected by our scorch-
ing sun. Its foliage is very large, of a dark green,
wood strong and of luxuriant growth ; its blooming
succeeds to that of the Garden or June Rose, and is
the link connecting its congeners with that family.
Pallida, very pale blush, perfectly double ; this rose
appears to bloom finest when lying on the ground; in
such a position it forms a solid mass of flowers and
pale green foliage. Perpetual Michigaii^ very dou-
ble, rosy purple flower, quite flat ; this and the follow-
ing variety have a tendency to bloom a second time

ROSES THAT BLOOM IN JUNE. 29

when under exciting culture. Superba^ delicate blush
of very perfect cup-shape, blooming in fine clusters,
and though very similar to Pallida^ is distinguished
from it by having more pink colour in the centre. It
makes an elegant pillar rose. The above sorts are
so very double, that they seldom produce seed even
by artificial aid. The variety called Elegans^ which
is generally grown in Ohio and Kentucky, and in
some places called Chilicothe Multiflora^ has been
cultivated here for many years ; it is not so double, of
a pink colour, seeds more freely, and when hybridized
by the Perpetual and Chinese Roses, will give, no
doubt, many varieties. J\^evia, white, very double, a
profuse bloomer and strong grower. The following
varieties have been grown from seed by Mr. Joshua
Pierce, Nurseryman, Washington city. Pride of
Washington^ rosy violet, perfectly double. Anne
Maria^ pink, large showy flower. Eva Corinne, very
beautiful, dark pink, fragrant. Mrs. Pierce^ large
pale pink, in profuse clusters. Mrs. Hovey^ with me
the same as Mrs. Pierce in every respect. Trium-
phant^ bright cherry pink, very distinct from any of
tlie others. Jane^ pink, very perfect in form, quite
fragrant. There are several others, but entirely too
much assimilated with those named to require any
notice j in fact six sorts will embrace all the colours
and distinctive characters of the family.
3*

30 ROSES THAT. BLOOM IN JUNE.

I have bloomed hundreds from seedlings that gave
the greatest promise, but none of them equal to those
above described, and 1 do not like the idea of retro-
grading where there is such a field for advancing.
They are all very easily propagated by layering in
July: give the shoot of the present year's growth a
twist, and then bury the twisted part six inches under
ground; in November, it will be well rooted, andean
then be cut off and transplanted in any desired situa-
tion; the tasteful husbandman may thus cover every
unsightly fence rail.

Having briefly disposed of the tribes of Climbing
Koses, that bloom only once in the season, a few hints
on their general culture will be in place.

They will grow luxuriantly on any aspect or situa-
tion, provided they are not entirely shaded by trees
over head. The roots of trees and plants generally
are of a growth proportionate to that of their
branches ; from this data, and experience proves it,
we find that roses of strong growth make strong roots,
striking deep into the soil, and extending horizontally
in quest of food fo a surprising length; they require a
rich soil, which, before planting, should be well pul-
verized and freely broken ; it should be of a character
inclining more to sand than clay; if the latter pre-
dominate it must be well incorporated with sand and
old manure until it becomes of a friable nature. With

EOSES THAT BLOOM IN JUNE. 31

two feet depth of such a soil, they will grow many
years, and bloom profusely. When any decline is
observed, it will indicate that they are in want of
nourishment, which can easily be supplied by digging
in about their roots three or four inches thick of ma-
nure or rich compost. For such an operation the
month of November to early in the spring is the best
period of the year. Wherever their situation may be,
all the pruning they require is merely to thin out the
wood where it is too crowded, and to keep it within
bounds. I have seen fine plants of many of the roses
now described totally ruined for one year by the free
use of the knife.

Where manure cannot be conveniently obtained,
fresh soil from the woods or rich grounds will be of
great service ; an occasional w^atering with soap-
suds is also very beneficial to the rose. In city
gardens we have often seen a few inches of very
common poor soil thrown over clay, old bricks,
lime rubbish, &c., whereon roses were planted, and
grew well the first season, but the following they
made barely sufficient wood and foliage to keep
them green j the result was unsatisfactory, and the
I'ault laid to the rose ; whereas the whole fault was
in the preparation of the ground. "Anything that
is worth doing at all, is worth doing well," is g
maxim always to be kept in mind in all gardeninp-
operations.

32 • ROSES THAT BLOOM IN JUNE.

ROSA RUBIGINOSA.

THE SWEET BRIER.

The Eglantine has been the theme of poets and
lovers for many centuries. It is to be found in some
sort growing wild in many parts of both hemispheres.
To the flower there is no special beauty attached,
being a very simple-looking single pink blossom.
Although there may be great beauty in simplicity,
yet to admirers of the rose, singleness is at once an
objection. The odour emitted by the plant after a
shower, or when fresh with the dews of evening and
morning, is certainly very grateful, and even deli-
cious. Wherever there is a hedge to be planted, it
should have a ft^w plants of the s^veet brier inter-
spersed ; it bears clipping well, and even a hedge
of itself would prove a garden ornament rarely
equalled, being of a lively green, and its many asso-
ciations will make it alwa3's pleasing. To keep it
within bounds, it can be freely clipped or sheared
twice a year, and should not be allowed to get over
four feet high. The plant grows in many of our
woods, and is described by some American botanists,
although others considered it to be an acclimated

feCSES THAT BLOOM IN JUN£. 33

foreigner ; be that as it may, its fragrance and quali-
ties are the same, and familiar to all. Growers and
sellers have taken the advantage either by hybrid-
izing or natural appearance, and have introduced
to our notice Douhh Yellow Sweet Briers, Double
White Sweet Briers, Double Red Sweet Briers, Celes-
tial Sweet Briers, Double Striped Sweet Briers, and
what will come next cannot be divined. Some of
these are certainly well worth attention, and others
are about as much like a raspberry bush as a sweet
brier. However, the following may be cultivated,
observing that they have none of the climbing cha-
racter of the original. Celestial, very pale blush,
approaching to white ; flowers small and double ;
foliage small, and has a little of the spicy odour so
agreeable in the original. It appears to be a hybrid,
between the Eglantine and the Scotch Rose. Bose
Angle has bright rosy red flowers, quite double,
grows freely ; foliage stronger than the preceding,
and equally as fragrant. Double Red, or Double
Scarlet, has a stiff strong habit, with very large
dark green foliage ; flowers of a dark rosy red
colour, quite large and perfectly double ; its habit
is quite dwarf and stiff. Double White Hip, or Sweet
Brier; this is too different from the original to be
classed with it; they are, however, remotely con-
nected. The growth is very strong; we have plant.s

34 ROSES THAT BLOOM IN JUNE.

seven feet high, making a very superb pillar ; the
foliage is large, of a pale silvery gieen; the flowers
are very perfectly cupped, of a rose-while colour.
The Double Yellow Sweet Brier* will be nearly as
difficult to find as the Yellow Moss ; all I have seen
with that name are mere -interlopers, being the Eosa
Harrisonii, Williams' Yellow Scotch, and some not
even meriting the name of yellow. Strong shoots
of the common sweet brier make very good stocks
to bud or graft upon, and are extensiv»?ly used in
England for that pur^^ose.

ROSA LTTEA

THE YELLOW AUSTRIAN KOSE.

Botanists do not appear to agree in . considering
Eosa Lutea and Rosa Sulphurea as distinct species.
But we will proceed regarding them as one. There
are hundreds, if not thousands, of varieties of the
rose family cultivated ; among such a progeny it is

* The Austrian Brier, or, as it is called. Single Yellow Sweet
Brier, is very common in many old gardens. The flowers are
equally as bright as the Harrisonii, with one side of the petals,
in certain stages, inclining to red.

ROSES THAT BLOOM IN JUNE. 35

rather remarkable that there are so few yellow, and
none black ; yet there are no two colours more
sought for. The Rosa Sulphurea^ or Double Yellow
of Lindley, has never been seen in a single state, it
is a very old inhabitant of the gardens of Europe,
though comparatively rare here. In Scotland, twenty-
five years ago, I saw a plant of it, which was then
considered a great curiosity, though it appeared to
have been there a quarter of a century ; it always
showed a profusion of buds, but rarely a well-blown
flower ; it never felt the pruning knife, being left
to nature. History first notices it as being cultivated
in Turkey. Nothing of its origin is as yet known,
though supposition give it a locality on the fertile
soil of the Chinese empire. This rose has produced
a great deal of money to the French venders, espe-
cially those charlatans who make their market in
strange places, where they never intend to appear
ao^ain under the same name, ii has travelled from
east to west as the Double Yellow Provins^ Double
Yellow Moss, &c. The foliage is small, of a pale
yellowish-green, the wood rather slender and weakj
studded wilh small thorns; the branches spreading.
There is a large plant of it that has been in the
garden of the late Henry Pratt, Esq., near this city,
for perhaps thirty years, and has never b^en known
to produce a perfect flower. It is said that the

36 KOSES THAT BLOOM IN JUNE.

gardens of Florence, Leghorn, and other parts of Tus-
cany, produce this rose in perfection, which proves
that it requires a dry rich soil and an even tempera-
ture to bring it to perfection.

Persian Yellow is a rose of very recent introduc-
tion, of the most brilliant golden colour, quite double,
large firm petals, cup-form, a strong grower, blooming
profusidy, casting all other yellow roses entirely in
the shade, a stronger grower than the Harrisonii and
requiring the same treatment, blooming as early and
equall}'- as profuse.

Harriso?m\ Hogg''s Yellow^ Yellow Sweet Brie?'. —
This very pretty yellow rose was grown by a Mr.
Harrison, near New York, about twenty years ago,
and is evidently a seedling from the Yellow Austrian ;
its growth, after being w^ell established, is quite luxu-
riant, often making shoots six feet long in one season.
The, wood is of a dark reddish brown colour, with
strong straight thorns, the foliage small, of a dark
rich green ; the flowers open of a globular form, and
appear like as many golden balls ; when open they
are about two inches in diameter, and nearly double,
blooming very early in the season, and in great pro-
fusion; it seeds rather sparingly, but wall no doubt
produce many fine varieties. It delights in a good
deep loamy soil, although it may grow in any soil or
exposure; seeds saved from it should be sown and

ROSES THAT BLOOM IN JUNE. 37

protected with the greatest care, and at no distant pe-
riod we may anticipate, from this very plant, yellow
roses possessing all the requisites of colour and form
thalj the amateur can desire. The pruning must be
done very sparing-ly ; if the plant gets crowded, thin
out the branches ; the overgrown and straggling shoots
can be shortened to any required length.

ROSA SPINOSISSIM A.

THE SCOTCH. OR BURNKT ROSE.

This species of the rose takes its name from its be
ing very thorny. It is in habit very much assimila-
ted to the yellow roses, though, of a m.ore spiny or
thorny nature. It has been found growing in many
of the Alpine districts of Europe, though it is gener-
ally known as the Scotch Rose, deriving its namie
from the fact of the first introduction of it in a dou-
ble state having been by the Messrs. Brown, Nurser}'-
men, of Perth, (Scotland.) As a stimulant to rose
■growers, I will relate what I have heard from the late
Mr. Eobert Brown, who domiciled near this city,
and was the very individual who planted the seeds
and distributed thousands of this rose through the flo-

38 ROSES THAT BLOOM IN Jt'NE.

rlcultural world. He 333^3 that " in or about the year
1793 he introduced to his nursery, fi-om a hill in the
neighborhood, seeds saved from this rose, which pro-
duced semi-double flowers, and by continuing a selec-
tion of seeds, and thus raising new plants every year,
they in 1803 had eight good double varieties to dis-
pose of; being white, yellow, shades of blush, red and
marble ; from these the stock was increased, and hun-
dreds of varieties obtained which have been diffused
over all Europe." Several of them are cultivated in
this country. We may safely assert that this patri-
arch of horticulture was the first to grow roses from
seed on a grand scale half a century ago. He died
in the autumn of 1845, and is interred in Philadelphia
Cemetery. He lived in the enjoyment of all his fac-
ulties, retaininsr at an advanced ac;e much of his for-
mer originalit}' of mind, and to him I am indebted
for the communication of many practical facts, the
results of his long and valuable experience. The
original varieties of this rose are not esteemed by am-
ateurs in this country. In my twenty-two years prac-
tice as an American Nurseryman I have not sold fifty
plants of it ; but recent hybrids have given som.e of
them a tendency to bloom three or four times during
the season, causing them to be more admired, which
will be noticed under the head of peiyztual Roses.
In pruning, treat it as described for the Yellow Rose.

ROSES THAT BLOOM IN JU.NE. 30

ROSA CENTIFOLIA.

THE PR0VIN3, OR CATJBAGE ROSE.

This very celebrated and justly popular rose has
been an inhabitant of English gardens for nearly
three hundred years ; its native country is rather
obscure, though vague tradition says it comes from
the east, a term of great breadth and length ; how-
ever, Bieberstein asserts having seen it growing on the
Caucasus. Some supposed that this is the rose men-
tioned by Pliny as being a great favourite among the
Romans. In this taste the modern world still agree,
for it disputes the palm of beauty with its sisters of
the present day; although it has been crossed and
amalgamated with many others, few of the progeny
outvie the parent in size, beauty, perfection and fra-
grance. In the humid air of Britain, it blooms, for
two months in the summer, around almost every
cottage ; but with us, two or three weeks in June
display every flower, and if the weather is very hot,
they flower and fade in a day. I confess that there is
great difficulty in deciding on the varieties that do
belong to this species, but as w^e intend to describe
only the finest, the specific character will not aff'ect

40 ROSES THAT BLOOM IN JUNE.

the quality. The Provins or Cabbage JRose takes its
name from a town about twenty leagues from Paris,
where it is extensively grown for distilling ; Cabbage,
from the form of the rose, being of a large round
cupped form, never expanding flat. Some suppose
that its name is Provence, from a province in the
south of France, of which it is said to be a native ;
the authority is rather vague, and not adopted by the
scientific. The colour is a clear delicate pink, the
wood strong, distantly studded with thorns. The
Unique, or White Provins, is a sported branch from
the old variety, differing in colour, and also in the
shape of flower, being weaker, having the petals m.ore
<;rumpled, and not so cupped; the colour is pure white,
though it is liable to sport, for I have seen it a pretty
blush, and in some instances striped and margined.
Belgic, or Dutch Provins, is even larger than the
\;abbage, being four or five inches in diameter ; colour
red; buds large and very splendid, and is the most
common rose in the country — called the Cabbage
Pose, from which it differs very materially in the
wood not having such strong prickles, though of
more free growth ; the flower also expands fully,
which the cabbage never does. Duchesne is a large
blush, and a good bloomer, with Avell-formed flowers.
Duchesse d^ Orleans is perhaps a little hybridized,
and is a very splendid variety, of a bright rosy pink

ROSES THAT BLOOM IN JUNE. 41

colour, inclining to blush towards the edge. It is
a o;ood o;rower and free bloomer. Belle Ruineuse
is a beautiful light blush pink, very double, and
finely cupped. Cricks, or Yorkshire Provins, has
very much the appearance of the old Cabbage Pro-
vins, though a shade darker, and opens its flowers
more freely. Crested Provins, frequently, though
erroneously, called Crested Moss, is the very best
of the group j its striking peculiarity consists in the
green silken mossy fringe surrounding the sepals of
the calyx, as it were, half enveloping the bud — a
regular moustache, far more elegant and beautiful
in the estimation of refined taste than any of those
worn by the exquisites of the day. Its bright rosy
pink buds are large, the bloom opening very perfect
and pendant. If grown on a standard, about two
to four feet high, the beauty is improved. This
very curious rose is said to be a sport from the Pro-
vins Cabbage, and when fully expanded it might
be taken for a fine variety of such, though the foliage
is stronger, and of a better colour than the original.
Reine Caroline may be placed with the Provins, and
will vie in beauty with any. It is desirable from
its being about two weeks later than any of the pre-
ceding ; the flower is large, colour deep pink, varying
to blush. It grows freely, and is a great bloomer.
Grand Bercam is among the darkest, being a deep

42 KOSES THAT BLOOM IN JUNE.

rose colour ; flowers quite large, though not so perfect
as some others. The Provins Rose has undergone so
much hybridizing by cultivators, that it has, in many
instances, been eclipsed in colour, growth, and habit,
though few will say that it is excelled in beauty of
form. The striped and hybrid varieties from it w"ill
come under their proper heads, the best of which will
be fully described. They require a free rich loamy
soil ; close pruning, that is, shortening the shoots of
the preceding year to three or four eyes, keeps them
in the best order ; choosing the month of February
for the operation.

ROSA CKNTIFOLIA, var. MUSCOSA.

THE MOSS K05E.*

This much admired rose is unquestionably a mere
variety of the Provins ; although its origin remains in
obscurity, it has been repeatedly proven to produce
flowers, without any moss, on either buds, leaves,

* In very cold latitudes, "where the thermometer falls fre-
quently below zero, all the Moss Roses are better for being
protected by dry leaves or a mat, except Luxembourg and the
Perpetual White, which, 1 am informed, stand out most rigor-
ous winters.

ROSES THAT BLOOM I^' JUNE. 43

or branches. In 1836 a plant in my nursery had a
large shoot on it that sported back to the Provins,
and entirely destitute of its mossy coat. I believe
that Sir James Smith mentions, in "Rees' Cyclo-
paedia," that in Italy it loses its mossiness almost
immediately through the influence of climate. It
was first noticed about the years 1720 to 17'24<, and
is mentioned by Miller in 1727. There is no rose
that has been and is still so highly esteemed as the
Moss, [t is figured and emblazoned in every quarter
of the globe ; every rose that has the word 7720s.?
attached to it increases in value, and this fact has
brought many under this head having very little of
its character; and among them all it is question-
able if there is one so very beautiful in bud as the
common Moss Rose, generally known under the
name of Red Moss, in contradistinction, I suppose,
to white, for it is not red ; it is purely rose-colour,
and in bud is truly lovely, but when full blown it
has no peculiar attraction. Blush Moss is in colour
as its name indicates. The Crimson^ Damask, or
Tinwell Moss is, when opening, a shade deeper in
colour than the common Moss, the foliage larger,
v^ood stronger and more mossy, and if the old Moss
Rose has a competitor, it is in this. Angdiqiu
Quetier is a strong growing plant, with rather sin-
gular foliage ; the flowers are very double, of a cherry

44i ROSES THAT BLOOM IN JUNE.

red colour. Louise Colet is of a delicate rose colour.
Rouge, Rouge de Luxembourg, Fcrrugineuse, VieiUard
and Luxembourg Moss ; this brilliant Moss is known
under all tl ese names, and like all fine roses, it has
many synonymes ; the flowers are bright red, imbri-
cated, and perfectly double j the whole plant is very
mossy, and has a brown appearance ; it is a free
grower, and appears to do better in this climate than
any of the others ; it seeds profusely without artificial
means. 1 have had several plants from it without
any mossy appearance, and others distinctly mossy
Malvina is also a free seeder; the flowers are pink,
very compact, but it will never gratify the nasal
organ. Pro! if ere, or Mottled Moss, is a very free
bloomer, though the mottled part of its character
is not easily detected. It grows freely, and forms a
fine variety of a deep rose colour. Oscar Foulard is
very pretty, with compact flowers of a rosy violet
colour; the plant is very mossy, and blooms pro-
fusely. Pompon Feu, a very expressive name for
this bright red miniature rose. It appears to grow
v.^ell with us, but will never be admired at a distance.
Ponctuee is only a half double rose, but beautifully
spotted with white, and if impregnated with others,
will make an excellent variety from which to grow
new sorts. Provins Moss, or Unique de Provins, is a
fac-simile of the old Unique, or AYhite Provins Rose,

ROSES THAT BLOOM IX JUXE. 45

only mossed J its habit is similar, and equally robust,
with large white flowers,, blooming in the same mag-
nificent clusters; it is yet quite rare, but with the
present facilities for propagating, it cannot long re-
main so. Mauget or Perpetual Red Moss; this long
dreamed of, and wished for rose, has at last made its
appearance; the wood is of a very delicate growth,
and quite short; it blooms two or three times in the
season, of a rosy pink colour, flowers medium size,
and not fully double; its beauties are more imaginary
than real; it is, however, a perpetual blooming Moss
Rose, and very desirable. Comtesse de Jlurifiais,
white occasionally edged with pink. Ge?ieral Dronat^
red, blooming twice during the season, and called per-
petual. Herman Kegel^ rosy crimson, floweiing fre-
quently during the season, also a perpetual. Princess
Royal, pale pink of strong growth, a profuse bloomer.
^^lice Leroi, in growth forms a great contrast to the
Perpetual, being a very strong and free grower, and
appears to suit our climate well ; the flowers are
large and double, of a rosy lilac colour. Pompoii, or
Moss de Meaux, is very small, and is the earliest of
rosps, blooms in clusters, of a delicate pink colour ;
the plant is very dwarf, and diflicult of cultivation,
unless in a sandy rich soil, where it grows and holds
permanently. Panachtz Pleine, or Double White
Striped Moss, has as yet produced flowers of pure

4-3 ROSES THAT BLOOM IN JUNE.

white striped with pink, but it may be expected
(like many other striped roses) to produce flowers
pure white or pink. I have often seen the old White
Moss have one-half the flower white, and the other
half pink. Sab'ed is only half double, of a bright
rose colour, freque'ntly spotted with red. SoJis Sepales
is flesh coloured, the edges of the petals pale rose,
affording a very distinct variety. The White Bath^
or Clifton 3Ioss, is pure white, of rather delicate
growth, and rather deficient in the "mossy coat" so
much admired in this tribe. If it had the beauty,
while in bud, of the old moss, it would be an invalu-
able acquisition; it is said to have originated from^ a
sportive branch of the common Moss Eose. in Eng-
land, about thirty-five years ago, when it first " came
out," it brought in the guineas at a great rate. Prin-
cess Addaide^ is a hybrid variety of great luxuriance —
growing six to eight ie^i in a season, producing its
ver}^ perfect rosy blush flowers, in large clusters, and
is generally known as the Borhon Moss. Laffay^s
Perpetual White Moss, or the Quatre Saisons Mous-
seux of the French, is pure white, and is very pretty
when in bud, which it produces in clusters. The
expanded rose has no attraction, but the profusion
amply makes up for this ; if grown in rich free soil it
produces flowers the whole season ; in such a soil I
have a plant no^v (August) entirely covered with

ROSES THAT BLOOM IN JUNE. 47

l>unches of flowers. On paying a visit to a public
sale last spring I saw it sold under the very enticing
name of "The New White Cluster Moss." Such
christenings are an injury to both seller and pur-
chaser. The Moss Rose in this country is a plant of
very difficult culture unless in a rich sandy soil; but
if it is once fairly established in a rich deep loam, it
will make shoots six feet long; when such can be
obtained, its permanency is sure. To encourage its
growth, fresh soil, well incorporated with manure,
should be dug in about its roots every winter. The
pruning must be done sparingly. If the plants are
kept low they never do well, often dying off as soon
as they have done blooming. I have lost three or
four hundred in a single season by overdoing the
operation; but if they are kept in bushes four or five
feet above ground, they will grow^ admirably; they
also delight in an airy exposed situation. Moss Roses
in variety are very scarce, even in Europe; no estab-
lishment can supply them in any quantity. The cata-
logues are more full than the stock ; there are many
sorts yearly added to the lists, w'hich are mere abor-
tions when compared with what is known as the
Moss Rose. The new sorts are all budded on the
French Eglantine, and form small trees, that require
to be kept free from the suckers which push up from
the roots, or the grafts would be impoverished and die.

48 ROSES THAT BLOOr.I IN JUNE.

Rose trees are quite fashionable, but they must in no
case be allowed to put forth any shoots below the bud
or head of the plant. Standard or tree roses trained
in parasol or umbrella shape, make very interesting
objects, and the flowers they produce are all fully
exposed to the eye, and appear as though almost float-
ino; in the air.

ROSA GALLIC A

THE ROSE OF FRANCE.

This rose takes its name from its great abundance
in hedges and other cultivated sfrounds in France.
Some writers consider it "evidently the hundred-
leaved rose of Pliny," so that it must have been
long known in cultivation. It is rather curious that
the French call it Rose de Provi?is, while the English
give it the name of French Rose. It is a very great
seed-bearer, and has consequently been much used by
florists in crossing with other varieties to produce new
sorts; the results have been hundreds, though more
astonishing, in many instances, for their exalted names
than for any other merits; yet there are many of the
most perfect character, composed of numerous and

ROSES THAT BLOOM IN JUNE. 49

regularly formed petals, with colours of almost every
imaginable shade. The distinguishing features of this
family are strong upright flower-stalks, want of large
prickles, rigid leaves, and compact growth. The
colours vary from pink to the deepest shades of
crimson. Nearly all the striped, mottled, and varie-
^ited roses have originated in this group j the recent
varieties and improvements of character have gone
beyond all calculation, and we may safely arrive at
the conclusion that roses of every imaginable colour,
except blue and black, will be in cultivation at no
distant period ; and then it will be nothing remark-
able to see white roses edged with crimson, and crim-
son edged with Avhite. Even now I confess that to
give a faint description, is a task of considerable diffi-
culty. It is a vast garland, every link of which shines
out in harmonious variety; but from this wreath 1
will cull only those of merit, and which will be
ahvays worthy of culture for some g)od quality.
^ifricaine^ or Belle Africaine^ is one of the very
darkest; if seen as soon as open, it approaches nearer
hliick than any other, but soon fades to dark crimson.
The flower is very double and compact. Aurora \s
a bright pink, of the hundred-leaved style ; it grows
and blooms freely. Amourin has an agreeable rosy
blush colour in its imbricated and perfectly double
flower. Baron de Stael blooms perfectly, and always

50 KOSES THAT BLOOM IN JUNE.

gives satisfaction, Avith its pale cherry-coloured floAvers,
which are large and perfectly formed. Belle .'Jmabile^
dark shaded red, always large and attractive, with
bold full petals, and contrasts well with the shaded
pink flowers of Bishop. Champion has very bright
red flowers, full and perfect, blooming most freely.
Carmen Brilliant is well and expressively named.
It would facilitate the love of flowers to a great degree
if their names were ahva^'s expressive of colour or
character; but the title is often all the quality the
article can boast of. Chardon Bleu, or, in other
words. Blue Thistle; such a name for a dark slatey
shaded crimson rose, is pre]:Obterous ; yet so it is.
Bvjfon, very dark violet crimson, laige and fne.
Coronation is very brilliant, nearly approaching scar-
let; it has bold full petals, is a profuse bloomer, and
perfectly formed. Due de Choiseul is a very distinct
article, flowers freely, double. It is well form.ed, of
a pale rose colour, with a deep carmine centre.
Elernensie is another very distinct variety, with large
expanded flowers of a rosy crimson colour, growing
and blooming freely. Eliza is a large blush, finely
cupped, and a late bloomer. Eliza Ltker is a beau-
tiful pale rose, frequently a little marbled, but so
very indistinctly that it must have been fancy in him
who described it as such. Eclat des Roses ; there are
several roses cultivated under this loud name ; the one

ROSES THAT BLOOM IN JUNE. 51

beforj us is a large bright rose, edged with blush,
with bold and perfect petals, and always very double.
Fanny Bias, or Fanny Parissot, is a great favourite
and has few compeers. Ever}' one admires it; the
colour is also scarce in the family, being pale blush
shading to bright pink towards the centre. It is
extremely double, and is greatly to be admired for its
symmetry; it is a free bloomer. Gloire des Jardins
is a large bright red, fully imbricated, and always
perfectly double. Hortense Beauharnais, though de-
scribed as Rose vif Ponctuee, is not worthy of that
distinction ; these faint spots seen in it after close
inspection, are too faint to be deserving of notice.
Hercules^ if it had not another quality besides its
delicious fragrance, should be in every garden. Its
tlowers are large, and bright red, expanding freely
and fully double. Isabel and Prolifere are the same;
very double pink, in clusters and in great profusion ;
one mass of pretty pink (lowers. Juliana is also a
pretty perfectly double pinkish red, one of those
colours that the eye delights to rest upon. King of
Rome, Ponceau Parfait, and Theodore de Crose ; this
very fine and perfect rose, like many others of first
quality, has a plurality of names, and if it should
have as many more, they will not darken its bright
red colour, nor disarrange its very perfect form. La
Favorite is a bright cherry red, of good habit. La

ROSES THAT BLOOM IN JUNE.

Js^egj'esse, not so black as its name implies, only a
very superb double crimson, very large, expanded,
and fully double. Madame Coiti?i, or Sophie Cat in,
is a ver}' large bright rose, and a free bloomer. JMaid
of Brussels, very large beautiful pink, fine form.
3Iaid of Orleans, pale rose, shaded with blush, ver}'
superb. Mohilida is a beautiful double pink, with a
blush edge, very pretty and profuse. Matilda is
another very handsome pink, and greatly admired ;
its closely imbricated petals and profusion are great
attractions. J^onpareil is another imbricated pink,
but several shades darker than the former. JVarbonne
is quite a new rose, of a beautiful cherry purple, per-
fecth' imbricated, a profuse bloomer, and of good
habit. Ornement de Parade, an abundant blooming
large pink, of rapid growth, and strong habit. Polive-
tis is a very bright crimson, of the crov/n form always
admired. Philippe Quaire is a new pink rose, with
very large flowers, having bold round petals ; though
not so full as others, yet it is very desirable in a col-
lection. Pourpre de Vienne blooms ver}^ early, of a
distinct purplish blush colour, with perfectly double
cupped flowers in great profusion. Queen of Violets
is an old rose, but as scarce as if it had originated
only last season. The form is of the most perfectly
imbricated character, and the colour of a violet purple
rarel}' met with. Ranunculus takes its name from

ROSES THAT BLOOM IN JUNE. 53

being like that flower; it is a great and persistent
bloomer, of very double form, showing a profusion of
mottled rosy purple flowers all over the plant. Royal
Bouquet is of a crown form admired by all; the colour
is a bright soft pink, and for profusion it is equal to
the preceding, and of the same habits. Saint Francois
is a bright rosy pink of very neat form. Susannah is
a clear red, contrasting beautifully w^ith the former.
Souvenir de J^avarino is a delicate expanded pink,
finely double, and a certain bloomer. Tuscany^ or
Black Tusciny, is not black, but of a very dark rich
crimson; in richness of colour it has very few equals,
and to behold it in its beauty it must be seen before
the sun affects it. Its deficiency is want of petals,
but it forms an excellent parent from which to pro-
cure seed ; for being profuse in pollen, you can always
readily obtain it to impart to other sorts richness of
colour.

The varieties of Rosa Gallica are very numerous,
and every year adds to the quantity; they all do best
grown on their own roots; their growth is such as
will require to be kept under with the knife, and
they bear pruning much better than the Provins or
Moss Rose. The best period for the operation is
from November to early in the spring; thin out the
wood where it is thick, and cut back the young shoots
to three or four eyes of the wood of the preceding

54 ROSES THAT BLOOM IN JUNE.

*■ - =■

year's growth. When the pruning of a plant is
finished, there should not be one shoot crossing an-
other, and every shoot or branch should stand free
and straight. The plants require manure or rich
compost dug in among their roots once a year, unless
the ground is of a very rich nature; in that case once
in two years will be sufficient. If some of the plants
are pruned in November, and others in March, or
after the foliage begins to appear, it w^ill make about
eight or ten days' difference in their time of bloom-
ing. This practice is often resorted to in Europe,
which greatly retards their bloom in cool or moist
climates; but with us the results are not so decisive,
though quite perceptible. Many of the sorts sucker
freely; in such cases the superfluous ones should be
removed in the spring, and planted where wanted, or
destroved.

VARIETIES OF KOSA GALLICA.

STRIPED, SrOTTEDj AND MAKBLED.

ToKosa Gallica we are indebted for nearly all
these curiously spotted, mottled, and striped roses re-
cently brought into cultivation. The very old dwarf,
Rosa Mundi, is a pure Gallica, and is frequently con-
founded with the true York and Lancaster Eose,

K0SE3 THAT BLOO^I IN JUXE. 00

whi'h is a pure damask, and a strong grower; the
former is a type of what we are about to describe,
and although many have been imported b}^ us under
this class, I must acknowledge that there are few dis-
tinct enough with other perfect characters to merit
the attention of the rose growing amateur. All par-
ti-colouring in the rose is greatly defaced by exposure
to the full rays of the sun in a day of June ; it is
necessary, therefore, to see them as soon as open, or
on a cloudy day, when they are in all their variegated
perfection. Andre Thouin is purplish crimson, mar-
bled, spotted with rose. Arethusa is bright rose, dis-
tinctl}^ spotted with blush. Berleze, or UAbbe Ber-
leze^ is a very double violet crimson, beautifully,
though not very distinctly, mottled with rose. Bico-
lor is nearly scarlet, having a pure white stripe in each
petal, and when half open is really very pretty ; it is
not fully double : it bears an abundance of seed, and
will produce, no doubt, many fine varieties. Boquet
<Ie Lisle, large violet purple, spotted with lilac. Ca-
maleu is a pretty rosy lilac, distinctly striped with
blush white, perfectly double, always opening well.
Cosimo Randolphi, violet, spotted with lilac, cup-form,
large and double. Fontenellc is quite ne\»-', and a
beautiful bright rose mottled with blush, perfectly
double. Hersille is a beautiful pink, spotted with
white, imbricated, and very double. Momrne, with

58 ROSES THAT BLOOM IN JUNE.

very double bright rosy violet flowers, mottled with
light purple. Afaleskerbes or Mdsherba^ is more of a
Chinese h^-brid than a Gallica, and is the more desi-
rable, as its grovv'th is thereb}^ improved; the flow^ers
are very double, rosy purple, faintly spotted with white.
Marceau^ delicate rose, spotted with lilac, very double,
compact and fragrant. Minos is a very double bright
rose, suffused with numerous small white spots, very
distinct and perfectly double. Prince de Chimay
is of a rosy purple, very doublo, with large spots
of rosy white. PanacJ.ti Pleine, as its name repre-
sents, is fully double, striped rose and white very dis-
tinctly, and the full length of the petals. Donna Sol
is a new variety, with large, very double, rosy pink
flowers, and spotted with dark rose of strong grov/th ;
it will be very liable to run into one colour in rich
heavy soils. Jean?ie Hachette is another novelty in this
family; the flowers are almost as large as our old Perpet-
ual Jeanne Hachette, but darker in colour, being a red
suffused with blush spots. (Eillei juirfait is beautifully
striped like a Bizarre Carnation, with rose, red and
white ; is of a line globular form, and is one of the best
of the group. Quillet jiamand is its counterpart, re-
quiring a very critical eye to distinguish them apart.
Perle des panachtes, white striped faintly with violet
and lilac. Pourpre Striee de Blanc is a light purple,
with numerous small stripes of white ; flowers fully

ROSES THAT BLOOM IN JUXE. 57

double. Renoncule Ponctvee is very double, beauti-
fully spotted and marbled "vvith rose, crimson, and
white ; nothing; in the division like it. Tricolor Su-
pcrba is a double crimson, with larga petals, shaded
and marked with rose and white. Panache i Dou-jle^
Village Maid., or Bell Riibine^ v/as the first of the fine
double striped roses, and has been cultivated and sold
under these three names ; the flow^ers are perfectly
double, and very like a fine Bizarre Carnation, having
stripes of deep rose, pink, and white, regularly over
the petals, from the base to the apex.*

There are few indeed of the striped and spotted
roses deserving the great eulogiums and extravagant
descriptions given them by growers and writers. The
new sorts have added little to redeem the old,
They require to be seen in bloom before they are
served up to the better tastes of our American rose
fanciers.

From the above it will be seen that this class of
roses are rapidly multiplying, and with perseverance
and attention we may raise as fine kinds in this coun-
try as they do in France ; for they appear to seed in
great abundance. The variegated kinds do not make
such strong wood, generally speaking, as those of uni-

* This rose, like all of the striped and spotted sorts, reverts
back to self-colours. 1 have whole plants of it of a rosy lilac
colour.

58 HOSES THAT BLOOM IN JUNE.

form colours, and we find that in strong and ricli soils
much of the diversity is lost. It is therefore advisable
to keep them in moderate soils inclining to a sandy
nature, and their characters will be brightened and
rendered more permanent, refreshing the soil every
alternate year with manure or rich compost. The
following sorts seed freely, and can be impregnated
wi'h any other sort that fancy may dictate, selecting
those that have regularly formed flowers without be-
ing crowded with petals, Andie Thouin, Arethusa,
Bicolor, YiJlnge Maid, and Tricolor Superba. Seeds
from these v.ill produce every imaginable variety,
from blush to crimson.

ROSA ALBA.

WHITE GARDEN ROSE.

The white rose of the gardens has been cultivated
from time immemorial. Although the original single
white or blush has seldom been seen in cultivation,
yet the double is very frequent, keeping ward at the
door of the cottage, or towering by the window case-
ments of our oldest homesteads. It is often called
the white climbing rose, it must have been intro-
duced by our pilgrim fathers — a fit emblem of their

ROSES THAT BLOOM IN JUXE. 59

purity, and a smiling memorial of the land of their
nativity. It is rather remarkable that am.ong the
man}'- new varieties of the rose, there are so few
whites. Those I will introduce under this head, be-
long perhaps m.ore properly to the Damiask or Gallica
species; yet I am convinced they will be miore in
place at the head of this article than in any other di-
vision. G'obe Hip^ White Globe^ or Bonk de JVeige
of the French, is an English rose, raised from seeds
of the common white, a very pure white, fully double
and of a globular form. A few years ago it was con-
sidered "not to be surpassed;" but th-at prediction,
like many others, has fallen to the ground, and now
JIadam Hardy is triumphant, b^ing larger, fully as
pure, more double, and an abundant bloomer; the fo-
liage and wood are also strong^er. The French des-
cribe it " grande pleine, blanche, creus^ee;" or, in
other words, large very double pure white, and of a
cup or bowl form. La Belle .Augusta is a blush,
changing to nearl}^ white, fully double, a strong grow-
er, and flowers profusely. Princesse Clementine,
pure white, perfectly double, and has in its composi-
tion a portion of the Provins Rose. Reiiie des Beiges
is a pure and perfectly double variety, well deserving
its name. There are several other whites inferior to
these, and not worth cultivating when better can be
obtained. In pruning they require to be treated in

60 LOSES THAT BL003I IN JUNE.

the same method as Gallica Roses. But buckled
plants, about two or three feet high, are great beau-
ties; their beautiful soft white flowers are brought
nearer the eye, contrasting agreeably on the fojiage
of the plant. They are all free growers, and require
the knife to keep them thin, and in proper bounds.
They may, in all other respects, be treated as hardy
roses.

ROSA DAMASCENA.

DAMASK ROSE, OR ROSE OF DAMASCUS.

Tbe Damask Rose is frequently confounded with
the Provins and Gallicas ; but this is not to be won-
dered at when the mixture of the various species by
impregnation is indiscriminately practised every year,
often producing plants and flowers, about whose fam-
ily scarcely tw'o judges could agree. I will, however,
point out a few that still possess all the marks and
characters of the pure species. They all have that
delicious odour so peculiar to the "old-fashioned Da-
mask Rose," and produce also their flow^ers in clus-
ters ; they have a long succession of bloom, and by
extra culture two or three of them have a tendencv

ROSES THAT BLOOM IN JUNE. 61

to bloom in the fall, and are called by the French
"Rose des Quatre Saisons." They are all distin-
guished by long spreading branches thickly set with
prickles j the foliage is strong, of a pale green, and
deeply nerved. Belladonna is a delicate pink, and a
profuse bloomer. Grand Triomphe is also a light
pink, very double, and crowded with bloom. Impe-
rial^ a large blush flower, rather loose, but a very dis-
tinct sort. La Folie de Course^ bright rose, large and
perfectly double. Leda is perhaps not a true Damask,
but a very distinct and pretty variety, with white
flowers edged with pink, " blanche bordee." La Ville
de Bruxelles is very double, of a bright rose colour,
with strong foliage. Mathilde de Mondeville is one
of the sweetest of roses, of a delicate rosy lilac fa-
ding to blush, and blooms profusely. Painted Da-
mask^ in some soils, may have that quality indicated by
its name, but in my loamy soil it is always rose col-
oured, and not so well painted as the old York and
Lancaster^ which is often striped, and frequently one-
half pink and the other half white, thus according
with the tradition, that, on the extinction of the feud
between the houses of York and Lancaster, this rose
sprung up, with the one side pink and the other white.
Monthly Damask is a bright pink, blooming in clus-
ters and repeatedly during the season if in rich ground.
It is a general favourite. White Monthly Damask is
6

62 ROSES THAT BLOOM IN JUNE.

not such a free bloomer as the former; these bear
seed freely, and have been the parents of many of
the roses known as Perpetuals. In pruning give them
the same treatment as directed for the Provins and
Gallica roses.

HYBRID CHI>:ESE ROSES.

Until within a few years this division of the rose
was entirely unknown. It has originated from seeds
of the Bengal, Tea, and Bourbon roses, impregnated
with pollen from the Provins, Damask, Centifoiia,
and other sorts that bloom only once in the season.
The progeny is greatly improved in growth, foliage,
colour, and form of flowers, but deficient in the ever-
blooming tendency of one of the parents. This defi-
ciency, however, is amply made up by the great beauty
of the flower, its habit, and diversity of brilliant
colours. They present a combination of the grand
and beautiful, which must be seen to be fully realized.
For pillars and trellising they are not surpassed ; the
wood of many of them is very luxuriant, growing six
to ten feet in a season ; the foliage, too, is always
agreeable, being generally of a rich glossy green.
Others are dwarf, and very compact in their habits ;

ROSES THAT BLOOM IX JUXE. 63

in fact they offer every shade of colour (none yellow,
1 believe) from white to almost black ; every variety
of growth from one foot upward. Some of them seed
abundantly, and there is no end to the variety that
may be produced. The greatest difficulty will be in
choosing the best. If the French growers Avould only
extirpate from their seed-beds every plant that did
not produce flowers of perfect distinction and sym-
metry, our perplexity v/ould be greatly diminished ;
but instead of retaining only such, they introduce to
our notice some distinguished title with a rose not
worth a name. The group is also being demolished,
and ranking under ^'■Hybride de Sengale, Hyhride de
JS'oi'sctte, Hyhride d^Ile de Bourbon^'''' departing from
tlie foundation of all these, which is Rosa Indica, or
the Chinese Rose.. To give a full description of the
sorts ranking in the above characters would occupy
m.ore of these pages than is allotted for this group,
and we will content ourselves with naming the best.
^^ Fleurs Blanches, Blanchejieur, or White Climbing
Globe Unique, pure white, as its name indicates, is a
very free grower, flowers perfectly double and abun-
dant. Beauty Bouquet, very similar to the former,
but not of such rapid growth ; the flovrer is also purer
and more compact. Becquet is a fine variety, with
bright rosy-purple flowers, perfectly double and cup
formed. Belle Parabere is one of the most magnifi-

64? KOSES THAT BL003I IX JUNE.

cent roses for a pillar, making long flexible shoots,
very luxuriant rich green foliage; the flowers are very
large, finely formed, of a violet shaded crimson, and
fragrant. Belle Theresa produces its rich dark crim-
son shaded flowers in clusters finely scented. Bon
Ginneure^ very bright red, edged with violet, perfectly
imbricated, an early and profuse bloomer, beautiful.
Belle Marie, superb, large bright pink, very double,
cupped, and sweet scented. Brennus, or St. Brennus,
is superb; the flowers are extra large, of a glowing
red, perfectly double; it makes fine shoots, and is an
excellent pillar plant; it is the celebrated Queen Vic-
toria Rose of Charleston, S. C. Blairii is very large
with a rose-coloured edge; the petals are very stiff
and bold ; the buds and flowers are both magnificent ;
it is an English rose, and said to be a seedling from
the common Tea Rose. Catel is curiously shaded with
red, crimson, and purple; it is perfectly double, of
dwarf habit, and makes a beautiful bush. Celicel is
a rosy blush, a very abundant bloomer;, the flowers
are large and in clusters; it seeds freelj^; and promises
to be one of the best for hybridizing with other sorts.
Chatelaine and Lanzezure appear to be one; shaded
lilac, crimson, purple, and often very bright red,
varying very much according to soil and situation;
the flowers are very double, large, and cupped ; a
strong grower, and makes a fine pillar rose. Ce^onie

ROSES THAT BLOOM IN JUNE. 65

is a large rosy pink, changing to blush, perfectly
double, and makes a splendid dwarf rose. Cerisette
is a very pretty profuse flowering bright red, almost
approaching a scarlet; flowers rather small, but very
double and profuse. Coupe d^Hebe, "Hebe's Cup,"
is a delicate pink, when fully expanded, of perfect
form, large, a fine grower and profuse bloomer, with
large glossy green foliage, and makes a fine pillar
plant. Coup d' Amour is very pretty and very perfect,
a bright rose colour, and a dwarf grower. Due de
Cases is a large rosy lilac changing to purple, very
double, of a strong habit. D^ Andigne, whether on
its own roots or grafted, is a very distinct and curiously
marked variety; the colours are a violet shaded purple,
approaching the blue more than any other rose I have
seen; the flowers are of the most perfect form, and
very double ; it forms a handsome plant, either as a
dwarf or standard. Dehce de Flandres is a large
delicate pink, very distinct, and perfectly double, of
strong habit, and very fragrant. Egtiie is a brilliant
cherry red, perfectly double, of rather slender growth
and very distinct. EmmeliJie is of a delicate flesh
colour fading to lilac, and quite double. Fzdge?is, or
MaIto?i, of the French, is a very bright red, or car-
mine, almost approaching scarlet; flowers quite dou-
ble,-and cupped; the shoots must not be pruned very
close, for in that case it will not show^ a bloom.
6*

6Q EOSES THAT BLOOx^I IN JUNE.

Fabvier, or Col. Fabvier, is a splendid pink changing
to red ; flowers imbricated, large, and very double ;
the plant forms a splendid pillar, and is one of the
strongest growing hybrids. Fleurette is a pretty pale
coloured rose, very perfect, but perhaps too small for
the general taste of growers. Gen^l Lamarque, or
Lamarque of Luxembourg, is a bronzed mottled crim-
son of curious shades, a large flower, always very dis-
tinct, perfectly double, and a strong grower. George
the Fourth, or Rivers^ George the Fourth, is an old but
splendid variety, of the richest crimson colour, always
perfect, and fully double, of cupped form, a free
grower in rich soils, and makes a splendid pillar rose.
Mr. Rivers, of England, a celebrated rose grower,
raised this variety from seed, thirty years ago; accord-
ing to his own history of the plant, it came up in a
bed of seedlings, unexpected, and without any act on
his part to produce it. This shows that superior
varieties may be grovrn from seeds saved indiscrimi-
nately from choice sorts, without the aid of hybrid-
izing, which I will prove still more clearly. How-
ever, through the manual hybridizing process great
improvements have been, and are constantly being
made. Georgia is an old distinct variety, being a
briglit rose, with white edge, large and fine, but rather
tender for a northern latitude. Grillony, is a large
and superb rose, of a slaty colour and strong growth.

ROSES THAT BLOO.^I IN JUNE. 67

Hclvetius^ is of a rosy-violet colour, very larga, and
double to the centre. La J\^ayade is a perfectly
formed rose, of a delicate rose colour, and a fine
bloomer. U Ingenue is a shaded dark crimson, very
double, cupped, fragrant, and is a free grower. La
Tourtelle^ Parni^ or the Dove Rose, is of a dark
lilac colour, perfect cupped form, a large and early
flower, grows freely, and makes a fine pillar plant;
we have some of such fifteen feet high. Louis Phil-
ippe is a splendid large rose, of a dark rose colour,
perfect form, blooms in great profusion, and appears
to be well adapted for trellis work, or high columns,
and has the fragrance of the Damask Rose. Lady
Stuart is a delicate pink, of perfect globular form,
very double, and apparently a free grower. Lord
J\''elson is of a distinct dark brown velvety colour,
very double and perfectly formed. Madame Plantier,
very pure wdiite, perfectly double, in profuse clusters,
an early bloomer and very desirable. Pallagi, Mai'
ton, or Jse Plus Ultra, is a bright rosy purple, and a
rapid grower. Petit Pierre is a large mottled pur-
plish crimson, perfect in form, a splendid grower, and
in spite of the diminutive attached to its name, it
produces large flowers. Princess produces its flowers
in large clusters; they are a rich pink edged with
blush ; it is a good grower, but will not suit pillars.
Prolifere is very appropriately named, being very

68 ROSES THAT BLOOM IN JUNE.

prolific, indeed, one sheet of flowers, of a dark rose
colour changing to violet, finely and perfectly formed,
and very fragrant. Stadtholder^ or Stahtholder^ Sinen-
sis, of some, is a beautiful clear pink, very perfect in
its form, and is, perhaps, more of a Hijhrid Provins
than Chinese ; it makes a beautiful standard or dwarf.
Sandeur Panache, or Kiyig of Hybrids, is unique in
this class, having all its flowers beautifully and dls>
tinctly spotted and striped ; they are perfectly double,
and finely cupped j the plant makes a good pillar, but
must not have its shoots cut short, or it will not pro-
duce a flovrer ; tie the strong ones the full length, and
cut out the weak or old wood. Sextes Popinas, bright
red, ver}^ compact, changing to pink ; a late bloomer.
Sophie d'^Houdetot, delicate rose, very perfectly formed,
blooming in profuse clusters, fragrant. Tuscany, or
Tuscany JS^oisette, although the latter nam.e would
lead us to believe it a Noisette Rose, it is purely
a hybrid, blooming only once, producing its rich dark
crimson flowers in large clusters. Triomphe d'' Angers is
a very large and perfectly double shaded purple crim.-
son, an excellent grower and great bloomer. Vandael
is a rosy purple changing to violet-crimson, having all
these shades in the same flower, which is large, per-
fect, fragrant, and a free grower. Velours, or Violet
Episcopal, is of a velvety crimson colour fading io
purple, is perfectly formed, a free bloomer, fragrant,

ROSES THAT BLOOM IN JUXE. 69

and makes a splendid pillar rose. Victor Hugo is a
picture when in bloom, of a cherry red changing to a
rosy violet-colour, handsomely imbricated, fragrant
and profuse, a strong grower, with rich green foliage.
Violet de Belgique is one of those very distinct bluish
violet-coloured flowers, that is indispensable in any
collection, perfect in its form and profuse of bloom.
It will grow to any height, and in one season will
make shoots twelve feet long. Watts^ Celestial is of
a delicate rose colour, the petals all curving inwards,
forming a regularly cupped flower; it is an old variety
that has flourished under several names, viz: — Watts'
Cli?nbing China, Flora Perfecta, Rachel, and I believe
some others. Wellington is also an old variety, but
retains, its fine globular character to the very last; its
rich crimson colour and dwarf habit make it very
desirable.

The above have been selected from the m.any now
cultivated, and we venture again to repeat that there
is no plant to excel them for ornamenting lawns,
grass plats, fences, arbours, outbuildings, or any other
situation. Their diversity of form, habit, and colour,
may be exhibited in many ways. Variegated pillars
or columns may be formed by planting a pink, a red,
and a crimson together, or a white and red; the com-
binations can be formed to meet the views of any
taste. When a strong growth is required, the soil

70 ROSES THAT BL003I IN JUNE.

should be dug out two feet deep, and two to three
feet in diameter for each plant, and the space filled
up with very rich earth composed of loam, decayed
manure, and sand in nearly equal proportions ; finish
with the new soil six or eight inches above ground to
allow for settling. For a variegated pillar choose
plants of the same grow^th, and plant them in a rec-
tangular form, allowing the pole or pillar to occupy
the centre. The first season after planting they should
be watered twice a week in dry weather; if w^atering
cannot be attended to, cover the soil with three or four
inches of manure. For pillars or trellising, plants on
their own roots are the best. The pruning of these
requires to be performed in a very different manner
from that usual for the generality of roses. Those
plants that make very long shoots should have only
about a foot or two of the tops cut off, the wood of
three or four years old thinned out, and th*e short
shoots or twigs cut in to within Uyo eyes of the pre-
ceding year's growth. They require to be tied to a
strong post; if permanency is the object, use red cedar
or locust for the purpose; in the country, Avhere wood
is plenty, any sapling can be taken; if three or six
inches of the branches are left on it, the effect will be
improved. Although rich soil is stongly recommended
for these roses, they w^ill nevertheless do on any soil.
I have seen them in the very poorest earth make fine

ROSES THAT BLOOM IN JUXE. 71

bushes, when they can be primed as common garden
roses, only the luxuriant beauty of the foliage and
the large size of the flowers will be lost. It must be
admitted that plants, trees, and shrubs, grown and pro-
tected by nature, are in their greatest beauty, and
bring forth their flowers, fruits, and seeds to perfec-
tion ; yet while this is conceded, we say that those
plants brought up and nurtured by art, under every
exciting cause, to produce the greatest amount of
wood, foliage, flowers, and fruits, also require skilful
assistance in depriving them of their superabundance
to keep them within bounds, and lead them to the
space they are intended to occupy. The period best
adapted for pruning is subject to various opinions ;
but extensive practice and sound judgment give the
preference to the months of November and December.
Pruning in the spring should be avoided, as the sap
is then drawn towards the extremities of the shoots,
and when these are shortened the lower buds will be
found more dormant, and will require some time to
move, whereas by fall pruning, the sap in the spring
flows instantly to the buds that are left on the plant,
which are at once strengthened, and prepared to push
out as early as the season will permit. The first season
after roses are transplanted they should be watered
once or twice a week in dry weather, or should have
placed all round the plant, moss or manure, to prevent

72 ROSES THAT BLOOM IN JUNE.

evaporation, or the sun from parching the earth and
drying the 5^oung rootlets. It is lamentable to see
the destruction of plants the first season, from mere
carelessness and want of attention ; whereas a few
judicious waterings would have prevented the loss.

PLANTING.

We have advocated November and December as
the best period for pruning; these are also the best
months for planting all kinds of roses of the hardy
sorts that bloom once a year, or what are termed
*' Hardy Garden Roses," unless the soil be of a wet
and retentive nature ; in such case the planting should
be deferred till spring. The ground must be well
prepared by deep digging, and well incorporated with
old rotten manure, decayed leaves, or soil brought
from the woods. I am aware that some of my southern
and western friends will smile at this recommendation ;
for their soils are from three to twelve feet deep, and
will grow roses, without any artificial means, for the
next century; but these suggestions are only offered
to those who need them. Before the operation is
begun the mind should be made up on the proper
disposition of the plants ; avoid crowding, avoid for-
mality, avoid hurry. Crowding plants together is

ROSES THAT BLOOM IN JUNE. 73

injurious in every respect. If space is limited,
choose the fewer sorts, or distribute the inferior sorts
to hedge rows or fences, and put only the best that
can be had, where they are to form a permanent
attraction. Formality of design attracts attention for
a time, but the eye soon wearies of it. The most
interesting disposition, and one that will offer the
greatest variety, is to plant the whites, blushes, pinks,
roses, reds, crimsons, and purples, each into separate
clumps, figures, or patches ; and to carry out a grand
arrangement, let each division of the rose have its
appropriate locality. It is ten years since we first
called attention to this system of rose growing ; it
is now being generally adopted in England. This
KosAKY can be formed on any piece of ground, from
a quarter of an acre to any required extent, either on
the lawn or any other spot for the purpose. Let the
ground be laid down in grass, or if it is there already
so much the better ; then cut out on the grass various
figures that may be required, giving every plant from
tw.o to four feet of room. With these few hints the
reader will see that such an arrangement will form a
scene of enchantment that language cannot portray.
It is not necessary to remove the old soil ; very decayed
manure (with an addition of road or river sand to
heavy soils) well incorporated with it, twelve to
eighteen inches deep, is all that is required.

74- HOSES THAT BLOOM IN JUNE.

GROWING ROSES FR03I SEED.

To the amateur this opens a field of very interest-
ing amusement. It is an object which may profitably
occupy every leisure moment. The time spent upon
impregnating, saving the seed, sowing, and watching
every movement of the plant, till it develops its beau-
ties of inflorescence, w^ill be amply compensated should
the rose prove of new character. If not worthy, it is
at least a good stock to be used in budding or grafting
upon, and even then causes no loss. In the centre of
many roses there are a number of thready filaments
surmounted by what botanists term anthers j these are
small oval forms which, when ripe, contain a quantity
of pollen or yellow dust, which can easily be perceived
between the finger and the thumb after giving them a
gentle pressure. This pollen, though to the naked
eye a fine powder, and light enough to be wafted
along by the air, is very curiously formed,* and varies
exceedingly in different plants. Under the micro-
scope each grain of it in the rose is a membranous
round bag, which remains entire, and can be kept dry
and perfect for days and weeks. On its application
to the moist tip of the pistil (which in the rose is a
stiif protuberance in the very centre of the flower).

SOSES THAT BLOOx^I IN JUNE. 75

it bursts with great force. When flowers are designed
to be operated upon, the one intended to produce the
seed should be deprived of its anthers early in the
morning, which can readily be done with a pair of
fine scissors j then during the day, or within two days,
take a fine camel hair pencil, and obtain, about noon,
the pollen or dust from the plant or plants with which
you intend to make the cross, and apply this dust to
the pistil o£ th« roses from which you have previously
extracted the anthers. It will require some practice
before proficiency can be attained in the operation,
but a little attention will insure some success. The
organs are fit for the operation when the pistil has a
glutinous appearance on its summit, and the pollen is
dry and powdery. The flowers may be one or two
days old; rain is fatal to the operation — dry weather,
therefore, must be chosen. Patience and assiduity
can accomplish wonders in this department of rose
culture ; the persevering efforts of the French culti-
vators have been so very successful within the last
ten years, that we do not at all despair of seeing a
yellow Moss, a yellow Provins Kose, or even striped
roses, combining every shade from white to black,
and there is no reason why there should not be pro-
duced a perpetual blooming climbing Moss Eose of
any colour at present known in the family of the rose.
A few years ago we did not anticipate such a rose as

76 ROSES THAT BLOOM IN JUNE.

the yellow Persian, and we have no doubt of there yet
being Perpetual blooming Yellow Roses of as bright
a colour.

The seeds will be ripe about the first of November,
and can be retained in the capsule or fruit till the
time of sowing, taking the precaution to bury them in
sand, where they will be safe from the depredations
of mice, who are very fond of them. Early in the
spring, choose a sheltered spot in the garden, free
from the shade or drip of trees ; enrich and break up
the soil very fine, make the surface quite smooth, take
the hips from their winter quarters, break up the fruit,
and sow the seeds thinly and evenly on the soil j take
the back of the spade, or a board, and press the seed
level with the ground, then cover them with about
one-fourth to one-half of an inch with sandj if sand
cannot be obtained take the leaf mould, or soil from
the woods, finely sifted, for the purpose; in dry
weather give occasional waterings. Many of the
seeds will come up the first year, and the balance
will make their appearance in the second; the third
year they can be transplanted to beds or rows to
remain till they bloom, which will generally be the
fourth or fifth year. It is truly astonishing to see the
variety produced. Red and white, rose and pink may
all be seen springing from seeds of the same plant,
and from single to the most double. None but such

ROSES THAT BLOOM IN JUNE. 77

as are of the finest form, very prolific, and possessing
a good habit, should be reserved for culture. Our
climate is so favourable to the maturing of seed that
there is no reason why we should not only equal, but
surpass, any European country in the cultivation of
this "Queen of Flowers."

The blooming of seedlings can be readily hastened
where time and convenience will admit. As soon as
the young plants have made three or four leaves, lift
them very carefully from the seed-bed with a trans-
planting trowel, and put them in pots of rich light
earth j then place them in the shade and give a gentle
watering and sprinkling over the leaves for a few
weeks, when they may be planted into the ground to
remain. 1 have in this w^ay grown plants eighteen
inches high the first season. They will, by this
method, generally bloom the third year. The seeds
are covered with a thick tough shell, which, if allowed
to get perfectly dry, and kept in that state for a con-
siderable period, will take two years to germinate, and
perhaps not grow at all. Regular moisture appears to
be indispensable for keeping the shell soft and exciting
the embryo plant into growth. The seeds are on this
account providentially furnished with a fleshy pericarp
y (hip) to prevent their becoming too dry for germina-
tion, while nearly all other seeds do not germinate
well unless dried before sowing.

E0SE3 THAT BLOOM IS JUNE.

PROPAGATION OF GARDEN OR JQNE ROSES.

There are three modes, within the reach of all, for
the propagation of these roses, namely, by layering,
budding, and grafting. Layering, wherever it can
be accomplished, is preferable, and will produce the
most permanent plants. There are two methods af
performing the operation ; the one we prefer is as
follows : — In the month of July, or two first weeks
of August, look over the plants required to be propa-
gated, and take any of the young shoots that have
made eighteen inches or two feet in length, bend
them gently to the ground, and make fast by a peg,
stone, or block j they will in a few days take a set in
this form 5 then under the part that has come in con-
tact with the soil make a hole four inches deep, and
about the same width ; have a portion of prepared
sandy rich loam (if your soil is not naturally such)
at hand j bend the shoot in the hole, and look for a
bud so situated as to come about three inches under
the surface ', then take a very sharp knife and com-
mence by cutting off all the leaves that will be under
ground; introduce the blade just below the bud and
cut upwards so as to cut about half-way through, and

K0SE8 THAT BL003I IN JUNE. 79

make a slit about two inches long, thereby forming
what gardeners call a " tongue ;" this should be done
at the side or back part of the shoot, and to prevent
the tongue from closing, introduce a portion of the
soil, or a chip of any hard substance, which will
keep it open, then lay it carefully in the space pre-
pared, and fill up with the fresh compost, leaving the
top of the shoot in as upright a position as possible ;
to finish, make it fast to a small rod to prevent the
wind from blowing it about. The tongue sh(5uld not
be in the very spot that forms the bow, as thereby the
branch would be too much weakened ; the lower eye
of the upright portion of the shoot is the most success-
ful spot. When the whole is done, place the stone
or block on the surface, over the layer, which will
prevent the sun from drying the earth, and greatly
facilitate- the growth of the roots. In the month of
November the layers that are rooted may be taken off,
and either potted as required, or planted out where
they are to remain, heading down the shoot to within
three or four eyes of the surface. Those that are
not rooted will have to remain another yearj prune
them the same as directed for the parent plant. If
the operation by layering is not performed in the
summer it can be done in February, March, or April,
before the plant has begun to grow, observing the
same direction as given above. About Philadelphia

so ROSES THAT BLOOIM IN JUNE.

we have pots made about four inches wide and deep,
with a cut in the side wherein we place the layer,
and either plunge the pot entirely under ground, set
it on the surface, or elevate it as required ', if in the
two latter positions, we water it freely every evening
and cover it with moss or some other litter, to pre-
vent, as much as possible, the sun from affecting it.
We also make boxes for the same purpose, wherein
to lav shoots from the Standard or Tree Roses.

PROPAGATION BY BUDDING.

Budding, within these few years past, has greatly
increased in nursery practice, and multiplied the
plants to a Avonderful extent ; it is the favourite mode
with the French growers, and on the stock which
they use, plants will grow for half a century. I have
seen them in the neighborhood of Paris, like large
trees, with stems six inches in diameter, and heads
thirty feet in circumference. To cultivate them in
such perfection they use every kind of enriching
matter, which they freely apply every year. Almost
every rose can be propagated by budding ; indeed, I
may say, that every variety can be multiplied in that
way, and form handsome plants, when on strong

HOSES THAT BL003I IN JU^'E. 81

stocks, in one year. For some of the kinds it is the
only resort, as they are difficult to manage by either
layering or grafting. Some of the Perpetual Ro-
ses rarely form roots when laid, but bud freely^
Budding may be easily described so as to be under-
stood by the initiated, but as it is to the unpractised'
hand that we pretend to give our feeble instructions,
we will endeavour to om.it no detail, even at the risk
of being too minute. The operation may be per-
formed with any sharp thin-bladed knife, though one
called a "budding-knife," with a thin ivory handle,
is best for the purpose. It should be inserted about
half an inch above the bud, and passing about one-
tbkd of the way through the wood of tlie shoot, come
oui again about the same distance below it, the cut
being as clean as possible. The portion of the bark
in the centre of which the bud is situated, is called
the shield, and when removed it contains a portion of
the wood, whivJi is to be carefully removed with the
point of the knife, as shown in figure 1 ;* if the wood
is dry, and does not separate readily, it is a sign the
bud is too old, and it should be rejected. When the

* The Bengal, Tea, Bourbon, and some other free growing
kinds, may be successfully budded without removing the wood ;
in such cases it is better to cut the bud a little thinner, and
not so long ; in this way they have been known to make a

growth and flower within six weeks after the operation.

82

ROSES THAT BLOOM IN JUNE.

wood is too old or too young, the shield may be
taken off only about one-quarter of the way through
the shoot, and inserted into the stock without remov-
ing the portion of the wood it contains; this method,
particularly with very young shoots, is very success-
ful. If it is necessary to transport the buds some
distance, tl^is may be safely done by cutting a portion
of the shoot, and after stripping off the foliage, wrap
it up in damp moss, a few large leaves, or wet paper,
and it may then be kept for three or four days. In
applying the bud to the stock an incision is to be
made lengthways through the bark (but not so as to
injure the wood), about an inch in length, and this is
to be diagonally crossed at the top by another inci-
sion, as shown in fig. 2. The thin ivory handle^r
back of the knife, should then be used to raise the
bark, as shown in fig. 3, and the shield inserted with-

Flg. 1.

Fis. 2.

Fi2. 3.

HOSES THAT BLOOM IN JUNE.

83

in, gently pressing it to the bottom of the perpendi-
cular incision ; when it is properly placed, the portion
of it above the diagonal cross should be cut off as in
fio;. 4, and ^reat care should be taken that it is in
close contract with the wood of the stock. When
this is done bind up with damp matting, or cotton
twist, all except the bud, (see fig. 5,) whi«h must be
Fi-. 1.

Fi?. 5.

i'«

vYV-2

left free to the air, but protected from the powerful
action of the sun or wet, either of which would
defeat the -whole operation. In eight or ten days
the success of the operation Avill be known, and in
two or three weeks the bandages must be loosened,
though not entirely taken way. From June to the
middle of September budding may be done, choosing
alwa3's cloudy weather j or a few days after a heavy
rain ; but for limited operations any evening may be

84 ROSES THAT BLOOM IN JUNE.

chosen, always following the indication of the free
parting of the wood from the bark, for if the bark
does not rise with facility the buds are liable to
perish for want of a due supply of nourishment. The
buds should always be selected from vigorous young
w6od that has never flowered. About the end of
October i\^ plant should be cut down to within a foot
of where the operation has been performed, which
will greatly tend to strengthen both the tree and buds
that have taken. In the following spring all the
stocks should be deprived of their superfluous wood;
observe, however, to leave one bud or eye above the
inserted bud, which will greatly assist its growth till
it has made a few leaves, and is fit to perform the
functions of vegetable life, w^hen the natural shoot
must be cut off. As the new plant grows have it
carefully supported, for one gust of w4nd in a moment
of time, will decapitata the most cherished object.

PHOPAGATING BY GRAFTING.

This method of propagation with the rose is of
recent introduction, but is now practised to a great
extent by the nurseryman, in the forcing house in
January and February, and in the open air in
March and April ; but in the southern states the

ROSES THAT BLOOM IN JUNE. R5

out-door work will require to be done in February.
The mode now considered as the most eligible is
what is termed " whip grafting," without the slit
or tongue, generally practised, which weakens the
scion of the rose. The stock which is to be used
may be of any thickness under one inch, but the
nearer it approaches the size of the shoot that is to
be used, the better, as it will increase the chance of
success. Cut off the head of the stock at the de-
sired height, enter the knife at a smooth part about
three inches from the top, and cut upwards at an
acute angle. Having the scion prepared in lengths
of about four inches, take one and slope the bottom
of it so as to fit the stock, that the inner rinds of
both may exactly correspond, especially on the 'outer
side and bottom ; the union is formed first by the
rind, or sap, which is directly between the bark and
wood, and if they are not placed in contact, failure
is certain. Let the graft be carefully held in its due
position, and secure it with cotton twist, Russia mat-
ting, or threads of worsted, whichever is m.ost conve-
nient ; then cover the bandage with well wrought
clay, or grafting wax, which is m.ade as follows : —
Two ounces beeswax, one ounce tallow, four ounces
common pitch, twelve ounces Burgundy pitch, all
melted together, and used when warm, with a brush.
When the operation is performed close to the ground,
8

86

ROSES THAT BLOOM IN JUNE.

or even under the surface, draw up earth all round,
aftec the graft is properly tied, leaving one or two
buds above. This method is not only convenient,
and in many instances preferable, but more to be
depended upon. There are also two other methods
of grafting frequently practised, called cleft-grafting,
and rind-grafting, (the former once in high repute.)
but the high winds are very liable to break them off,
and they do not make such a fine finish as the method

A Standard Rose trained umbrella form.

ROSES THAT BLOOM IN JUNE. 8Tt

above described. The grafts will have taken when
they begin to grow freely j the bandages may then be
unloosed and tied over again, to allow for the swelling
of the wood. Give them a stake for support, tying
them to it to prevent accidents from the wind. Do
not allow any shoots to come up from the stock. The
best stock to work upon is the Manetti, and we use
no other; it has a thick bark, stands the sun well, and
grows freely. They can be purchased in the Nurseries
at a few cents per dozen. The Boursault Eoses are
found to be short-lived and thin barked. A rose that
has a strong bark is preferable.

EOSES THAT BLOOM THE WHOLE
SEASON.

NOISETTE ROSES.

If in Pliny's time the beauty of the rose was con-
ceded by all, and its praises sung in undying strains
by Roman poets, how can we of the nineteenth cen-
tury, who have seen this gem of nature brought to
such perfection, and blooming in endless variety from
the dawn of spring to the frosts of winter, sufficiently
admire iti how can we adequately celebrate its
merits'? The roses of June, though surprisingly splen-
did, are past and gone within the space of a month,
and even during some of our warmest weather, a
plant will not be in perfection over one week, unless
by extra care and protection. But through the ever
fruitful and wonderfully supplying sources of nature,
aided by art, we have "roses of all hue," from June to
January, equally as rich in colour, and of as pleasing
a fragrance as any of those of ancient times. This
country has contributed her quota to the grand Floral

ROSES THAT BLOOM THE WHOLE SEASON. 89

Temple, in raising the first plant known under the
name which heads this article. The original rose
was grown in Charleston, South Carolina, by Mr.
Noisette, about the year 1815, and sent by him to his
brother, then a nurseryman in Paris. It created a
great excitement among the Parisian rose fanciers,
and is supposed to have been a production of the
common China Rose and White Musk cluster. Since
its introduction thousands have been raised and hy-
bridized from it, till the progeny has become so much
amalgamated with the Tea, Bengal, and Bourbon
Roses, that the division, I may say, is not to be recog-
nized. We often see a new sort named Tea, which,
after being fully tested, proves to have the habit of a
Noisette, of which the leading feature is the cluster-
ing of its buds and flowers ; it is also either always of
a dwarf or a rampant habit. They are generally in
this latitude perfectly hardy ; all are so in the south,
and few or none hardy enough to bear the rigour ol
our Eastern or Northern States. The profusion and
perpetual succession of their flowers produced in im-
mense clusters, frequently from fifty to one hundred
in each, make them superbly ornamental objects,
calculated for columns, pillars, fences, or trellis work.
Although hardy here, they still are benefitted b}* a
light protection of straw, mats, litter, or branches,
which should be gradually removed in the spring

90 KOSES THAT BLOOM THE WHOLE SEASON.

after the frost is entirely out of the ground. In the
south they require nothing but pruning to keep them
within bounds, and if the ground is sandy or poor
they must have a regular annual dressing about their
roots with very old manure, or some enriching matter.
Among the many the following will embrace the best
and most distinct. The flowers vary much in size,
from one to four inches ; I will consider that two
inches is the medium size, ^bbe Meilloii^ very per-
fect rosy red, of dwarf growth, and profuse bloomer.
Alba is a pure white, of small size, but blooms most
profusely: it never exceeds three feet in height, and
makes a beautiful dwarf bush, requiring very little
support. Alzand., pale pink, very double, with fine
large petals, fragrant, and of medium growth. Aimte
Vibert, or J\\via^ is a beautiful pure white, perfect in
form, a profuse bloomer, but though quite hardy, does
not grow freely with us ; however, when budded on
a strong stock it makes a magnificent standard, and
blooms with a profusion not surpassed by any; this
very exquisite variety was grown from seed of a rose
that blooms only once in the season (Sempervirens
Pleno) by J. P. Vibert, of Lonjeameaux, near Paris,
who has grown many very superb roses from seed.
When I visited him, in 1839, whilst discoursing upon
roses, he directed my attention with great enthusiasm
to this plant, and said, "Celle-ci est si belle, que je

EOSES THAT BLOOM THE WHOLE SEASON. 91

lui ai donne le nom de ma fille cherie — Aimee
Vibert." This enthusiasm can be easily understood
by those who, like myself, have been so fortunate as
to see the two "Aimee Viberts" — the rose and the
young girl, both in their full bloom, and both as
lovely as their sweet name. In the southern states it
grows freely, and is a profuse bloomer during the fall
months. Belle Marseillaise is a very dark variety,
approaching crimson, perfectly double and distinct.
Boulogne is one of the darkest of the family, ap-
proaching a violet colour; though a small flower, it is
very perfect and a profuse bloomer. Belle D'' Esquermes
and Camellia Rouge are the same, and an excellent
pillar rose, of a very distinct bright red fading to a
rosy-purple colour; flower above medium size, and
though not perfectly double, yet a fine bloomer.

Charles the Tenth is an old variety, but keeps its
distinctive character of colour and fragrance, and is
in great demand by the southern rose-growers. It does
not generally open well with us, but in a warm dry
atmosphere, and during our summer months, it shows
its large double rosy-purple flowers in g'eat perfec-
tion. Champneyana^ or Champney^s Pink Cluster,
light pink, a rampant grower, profuse bloomer, quite
hardy, even in cold latitudes; it is universally culti-
vated, and is well adapted either for pillars or ar-
bours. Chromaielle, or Cloth of Gold, is a seedling

92 ROSES THAT BLOOM THE WHOLE SEASON,

from Noisette Lamarque, and very much of the habit
of its parent, with leaves more round, and growth
more robust, flowers large, with fine bold round pe-
tals, of a pale yellow colour, quite fragrant, requires
to be strong before it blooms freely ; the best yellow
ever-blooming rose. Clara Wendel is another rose
having a yellow shade to its flowers changing to
white ; it is of a dwarf habit, though the flowers are
of the largest size, and perfectly double. It first ap-
peared under the name of " The Clara Wendel."
Chloris has flowers of the medium size, double, of a
distinct rosy lilac colour, and is a very fine dwarf
variety. Comtesse de GrilIo?i, very double, pale pink,
in large clusters, strong growth and fragrant. Com-
tesse Orloff is a bright rosy pink, and makes a good
plant for covering fences, pillars, &c., being a rapid
o-rower and free bloomer ; the flowers are rather small
in proportion to the growth of the plant. Conque de
Venus is now an old variety; but not often excelled
in fragrance and profusion; the flowers are perfectly
double, creamy white, and with a bright pink centre ;
they are produced in large clusters and in great pro-
fusion. Cora L. Barton is a seedling from Lamar-
que, grown by me a fe^v years ago ; the flowers are
of a clear rosy pink, very large, fragrant, double
and cup shaped ; a profuse bloomer, of strong
habit, and makes a splendid pillar. Du Lnxemlourg

ROSES THAT BLOOM THE WHOLE SEASON. 93

is not hardy enough for this latitude, but bears
full exposure in the south, where it shows its
beautiful rosy purple flowers in great splendor ; it is
very sweet scented, of good growth, a free bloomer,
perfectly double, and very distinct. Euphrosine ;
this very sweet scented rose was first introduced as a
"Tea," but after trial proves to be a Noisette of
great excellence, both in its peculiar rosy buff colour-
ed flowers, which it produces in extravagant profu-
sion, and in its peculiar grateful fragrance ; the flow-
ers are quite double, above medium size, and the
plant grows freely. Eugene Pirolle, or Admiral de
Rigny, is a Noisette, of very perfect form ; its bright
rose coloured flowers are produced in large clusters ;
it is of a dwarf habit, and makes a fine border varie-
ty. Fellenberg, as a Noisette, has no equal for brilli-
ancy of colour, during the autumnal months ; in the
early part of the season it is of a pale red, but in the
fall its colour approaches a scarlet, with large floweis
produced in clusters of thirty to fifty. It is per-
fectly hardy, a great acquisition to this fumily, and
should be in every garden or rosary that has any pre-
tensions to variety ; the foliage, when young, has a
peculiar red colour. Fleur de Jeune Jlge^ or Lamar-
que a cceur rose, is quite a new variety, and has the
growth and habit of Jaujie Desprez, and no doubt is
a seedling from that rose ; it is of a yellowish- white,

94 ROSES THAT BLOOM THE WHOLE SEASON.

with a delicate pink centre, quite fragrant, and has
been classed among the "Thes." The Noisette Roses
have become so much impreguated with the varie-
ties of Rosa Odorata, that many of the sort, when
they bloom for the first time, are denominated " The '
roses, but their farther growth and subsequent bloom
bring them under the head of Noisettes, from their ten-
dency to produce their flowers in large clusters.
Jaune Desprez, Desprez D^Arcoh^ and French Yellow
Xoisette^ are the same. It enjoys a celebrity which
few of its tribe have attained for hardiness, rapidity
of growth, fragrance, and, when well established, for
profusion of flowers, which it produces in large clus-
ters. The colour is a rosy-buff inclining to orange,
and perfectly double. It should always be planted
where it will be under the eye, as its colour does not
make it a remarkable object from a distance, a quali-
fication which Fellenberg possesses in the most emi-
nent degree. Jeanne (T Arc^ a strong grower, of a
pure white colour, very fragrant, flowers rather small
for the habit of the plant. Julia or Julia Dante, is
a pretty, pale, sweet scented variety, though ver}^ like
Conque de Venus j it is yet quite distinct in habit,
and the flowers have a little more of the blush in
them. Julia de Loy?ies has been, and is still consid-
ered by some, as a Bourbon rose ; its foliage does in-
cline a little to that family, but the flowers have all

ROSES THAT BLOOM THE WHOLE SEASON. 95

the character and habit of Noisette, to which I consi-
der it to belong ', its colour is of a delicate blush
white ; flowers above medium size, double and finely-
scented j the habit is very strong, (though not of rapid
growth,) giving a profusion of bloom the whole sea-
son. La Biche is still a good rose when first open, of
a pale blush colour, though almost instantly changing
to pure vv^hite; rather large and double; it is an ex-
cellent pillar rose, of free growth, and is frequently
sold for Lamarque. Lactans^ as its name implies, is
a milky white, so pure that I do not remember having
seen any rose of so delicate a white. I received it a
few years ago as a Tea, but it now ranks among the
Noisette, and with the dwarf varieties. Its flowers,
which it produces very freely, are very large and ex-
tremely double. La Kymiphe^ a beautiful blush pink,
quite double, a profuse bloomer, of medium growth.
Lamarque ; this is a celebrated variety, now known
over the whole country for its magnificent, large, per-
fectly double, yellowish-white, pendulous flowers,
which it produces in clusters of three to ten in each.
In good dry rich soils it will grow twenty feet in a
season, and one of my correspondents in South Caro-
lina informs me, that their plant, now eight years
old, covers a veranda fifty feet long and twenty feet
high, and is one mass of flowers from May to Decem-
ber. There is also a plant in this city, that occupies

96 ROSES THAT BLOOM THE WHOLE SEASON.

twenty feet by eight of a fence that faces north,
where it is influenced by the morning and evening
sun ; but the sun from November to March, never
touches the plant, confirming the opinion that in
winter the sun does more injury to delicate roses than
the cold. This plant does much better on its own
roots than when budded or grafted. LandretJi's Car-
mine or Carmine Cluster^ is of a very distinct car-
mine colour, quite double, flowering profusely from
July to late in the season ; its first buds do not open
well, but it is well adapted for a southern climate ; it
was grown from seed by the Messrs. Landreth twenty
years ago. Le Paciole, T/e Pactole^ The Chrysan-
thimeflora^ and JVew Yellow Tea ; this distinct variety
is distinguished by all these names ; the flowers are
of pale sulphur yellow, changing to a yellowish- white,
as soon as they are exposed to the full rays of the
sun ; the plant is of a dwarf habit, and will make
shoots two feet long, surmounted by twenty to forty
flowers; it is no doubt a seedling between the Yellow
Tea and Lamarque. Lee, Monstrosa, Ccelestis, Gran-
diflora, Triomphe des J\^oisettes^ and Carassnna , this
plant is shamefully circulated under all these names,
and gives additional proof that names are more nu-
merous than varieties; it it a good old rose, of a blush
colour, producing its flowers in large thin clusters, and
opening very well in warm dry weather, but in moist

ROSES THAT BLOOM THK WHOLE SEASON. 97

seasons it does not expand freely, and may be called
hard-headed ] it is a strong grower, and is best appro-
priated for a fence or arbour. Lutea^ or Smithii^ is a
great favourite through the southern states, growing
freely, and opening in great perfection, except in time
of rain; the colour is of a pale lemon-yellow before
the sun destroys it, and is delightfullj' fragrant, though
entirely too tender for the open air in Pennsylvania j
it makes a splendid rose for forcing if kept in a high
and rather dry atmosphere, but if syringed with water
before the flowers are expanded, it glues the petals to-
gether, and they perish before opening. When I first
introduced this rose I could not supply all the demands
for it the first year, at five dollars each plant. Ma-
dam Byrne and Cora L. Barton were produced from
the same hip of seed from Lamarque, and are roses
very distinct both in habit and colour. Madam
Byrne is a yellowish-white, with a pink centre, large,
and very double ; the wood is very slender, but of
free growth, and makes a beautiful pillar plant; from
the same seed I obtained also a bright scarlet rose per-
fectly single, w^hich shows that almost every variety
of colour may be produced from the same rose, at the
same time, and without artificial impregnation, but by
the assistance of art, both character and colour may
be greatly improved. Madam Jovin, delicate pink,
small compact flower, very perfect'; plant of a low
9

98 EOSES THAT EL003I THE WHOLE SEASON.

growth. Maria, rosy red, very pretty, perfect form,
a constant bloomer, wood slender, though of rapid
growth. Mrs. Siddons, pale yellow white, very dou-
ble, of dwarf habit. Odoraia of the English is the
same as Jeanne d^ Arc of the French. Ophirie ;
this rose was sent to me seven years ago by my cor-
respondent near Paris, without any pretensions of col-
our or character. It proves to be one of the very
best of the Noisettes j colour orange, yellow, tinged with
red, medium size, very double, fragrant, a strong
grower, blooming constantly, and will prove a beau-
tiful evergreen rose in our southern states. Orloff is
now an old rose, but for growing and producing a
profusion of bright rose-coloured flowers, it has few
equals. They are of rather loose form, but very
showy at a distance ; admirable for covering out-
buildings or distant fences. It will even stand the
severity of the eastern states during winter. V^ery
distinct from Comtesse Orloff, and more hardy. —
Petit Annie, quite a pretty pink variety, with exquis-
itely formed flowers; dwarf habit, blooming abun^
dantly. P halt 6^ rosy buff, large; flowers of medium
growth. Pompo7ie is a strong growing sort with a
dense foliage ; the flowers are rosy-pink, quite dou-
ble, and delicately fragrant ; it is very well adapted
for covering arbours, or unsightly fences, being a very
strong grower, and clothed with foliage from bottom to

ROSES THAT BLOOIM THE WHOLE SEASON. 99

top. Pourpre de Tyre^ dark crimson, large, quite dou-
ble, and a very splendid variety. It evidently ap-
pears to be more of a Hybrid Bourbon than a Noi-
sette, both in growth and in constancy of bloom.
Prudence Roeser / this rose appears to be a complete
hybrid, and perhaps more properly belongs to the
Bourbon family ; the flowers are finely cupped, per-
fectly double, and of a fine rose colour ; it is of a stiff
dwarf habit. Sir Walter Scott is very much like
OiloiT, with a few more shades of purple in it, and is
more double and fragrant; its growth is equally
strong, and makes a splendid pillar rose. Solfatare
was sent to me by its grower, eight years ago, as a
** superb Yellow Tea rose, not equalled," and when
it first bloomed, it fully maintained its Tea character,
but as soon as I grew it on its own roots, it directly
assumed the habit of our favourite Lamarque Noisette,
with the young wood inclining more to yellow, and
the foliage more pointed ; in colour it is a bright sul-
phur Yellow j very large and fully double, with an
agreeable fragrance. When fully established, it flow-
ers freely, and grows rapidly ; it is perfectly hardy,
and one of the most splendid of pillar roses ; it is
equally well adapted for training against trellises.
An eastern or northern aspect, where it will have a
portion of the sun, will suit it best, and fully preserve
its beautiful colour. In addition to this rose holding

100 HOSES THAT BLOOM THE WHOLE REASON".

its character, it appears also to retain, as yet, its name
(Solfatare) unchanged ; few choice roses are so fortu-
nate ', I say so fortunate, for it is truly a disgrace to
any vender or amateur to change the name of ftny ro^e
knowingly, merely to prevent his brethren in the trade
from reaping at once any benefit by procuring the ar-
ticle from its original source, or to deprive a co-lover
and admirer of the rose from possessing the plant im-
mediately, and from enjoying an equal pleasure with
his neighbour. American growers are not so directly
criminal in this respect; but they are frequently • led
into error by purchasing from some French importers,
who, in many instances, have plants to suit any name
or colour. It is surprising that we patiently submit
to having the same dose of humbug so frequently
administered to us. We are also occasionally caught
by our English rose-growers, who in visiting France,
pick up the surplus stock of any new and choice
rose, take it home, advertise boldly under a new
name, and sell it at a golden price. Superba is one
of our oldest Noisettes, and holds a rank anapng the
first for profusion of bloom ; of a pale pink colour,
and in splendid clusters from the base to the top of
the plant, forming a very excellent pillar variety ;
it will not exceed seven feet in height with us.
Victoire d^^umy, bright rosy pink, small flower, very
perfect in form, plant of a dwarf habit. Victorieuse,

ROSES THAT BLOOM THE WHOLE SEASON. 101

Pictoriiim^ or La Viciorieuse, is perhaps more of a
Tea than Noisette, being very like the former, except
the ckistering of its flowers, ^«-hich are large pale
blush, beautiful and fragrant j dwarf growing. Vitel-
lina, pure white, very fine, is strongly hybridized
with the Tea Rose, and has been no doubt a seedling
from Lamarque, to which the flowers bear a strong
resemblance. Washington^ pure white, flower medium
size, quite double, blooming in large clusters, a rapid
grower, with rich foliage, and very desirable as a
pillar plant or for covering objects. Raised from
seed by Mr. Stewart, Florist, of this city. Many of
the dwarf growing Noisettes are improved in appear-
a^ge by budding them on stems two feet high, espe-
cially those that have large pendent flowers. Such
as staii-^ards, are really elegant. The whole beauty
of Noisette Roses (which is very great) can only be
fully brought out where they are properly cultivated.
It cannot be expected that these plants will show
their growth and elegant habit when in flower, if
they are merely deposited with their roots under
ground, without any system of arrangement or cul-
ture. In the first place, the situation must not be
subject to inundations of water ; neither will they do
well on a wet soil. They require what is technically
termed a " dry bottom," either naturally so, or artifi-
cially made 5 the soil deep and rich, having a consider-
9*

102 ROSES THAT BLOOM THE WHOLE SEASON.

able proportion of sand in it; and if not very rich,
rendered so by thoroughly rotted manure, or black
earth from the woods. Their arrangement can be
carried out into many forms, and to any required
extent, according to the taste of the cultivator. A
very agreeable method is to have them in groups,
with the tallest in the centre, trained in a pyramidal
or pillar form, and the dwarf sorts forming the base
of the pyramid; they may be thus disposed, keeping
those of a colour together, or mixing the colours.
Grouping those of a colour together is the most
appropriate method. The eye is then relieved in
viewing the groups, by passing from white to crimson,
and from crimson to white; whereas, if the colours
are blended together in each mass, the effect is that of
confusion and monotony, without any interest after
the first glance. The same system will apply to
covering arbours, verandahs, &c. In landscape gar-
dening the rose is indispensable; it can be made to
accomplish any purpose in breadth or height, depth
or lightness. For detached objects they are also very
appropriate, form most elegant pillars, and if placed
on elevated ground, have a very imposing effect.
The posts used should be of red cedar, best sapling
oak, locust or yellow pine, and sunk at least three
feet into the ground, from four to six inches thick,
and from six to twelve feet high; if higher, the heavy

ROSES THAT BLOOM THE WHOLE SEASON. 103

winds are very severe upon them. For those that
grow only from three to six feet, small rods of any
description will be suitablej painting them with a
green or stone colour; strong twine, willow, glycine,
or lead wire, may be used for tying. In pruning,
from the month of November to March, thin out the
wood of three or four years old, and shorten all the
shoots in proportion to their growth; that is, shoots
that have made only a growth of twelve to twenty
inches, can be cut to within three or four eyes of the
preceding year's wood; and those that have grown
from three to ten feet should be shortened down to
two to six feet. By this process they will throw out
strong blooming shoots that will flower the whole
season. They must have every year a good supply of
rich compost, or decayed offal of any description,
incorporated among the soil in which they are grow-
ing. Never plant ji rose in the same soil that a rose
has been growing in before. If it is required to be
planted in the same spot, remove the old soil, and
replace it with new, to the depth of one to tw^o feet.
They delight on a sandy rich loam, on a gravelly or
dry bottom. This is particularly requisite where the
soil is of a stiff clay, and subject to crack during the
summer months. If thus properly provided for when
planted, they will grow in the greatest perfection and
bloom profusely. It is necessary to cut off the flower-

lO-i ROSES THAT BLOOM THE WHOLE SEASON.

ing stems as soon as they begin to fade, thus prevent-
ing their going to seed except when required, as ma-
turing the seed impoverishes the plant, and retards
the reproduclion of a succession of blossoms. If they
are not wanted to grow to a great extent, cut the
shoots down to within two to four feet of the ground
every season. The dwarf sorts make very pretty
standard plan's when budded, one or two feet above^
the ground, on the Alanettii or French Eglantine ;
but the strong growing kinds should never be budded
for standards j they make straggling heads, and never
come to such perfection as when on their own roots.
To grow Noisette Roses from seed is a very easy pro-
cess, and its failure or success can be ascertained in
two years; generally in one. The best varieties for
the purpose are Lamarqiie, Camellia Roiige^ Cora L.
Barton, Salfatare, and Fe/lenberg ; these planted to-
gether, and assisted by art, Avill produce many dis-
tinct varieties, and will fully repay all the trouble
and patience bestowed upon them. If it is required
to have them of a darker shade than any of these,
pollen can be applied from any of the dark flowering
Bengal or Bourbon Roses. Of the latter, Gloire de
Rosamene will give great brilliancy of colour, and is
very suitable for the purpose, as it already partakes
of the Noisette habit. From these suggestions many
others may arise to the mind of the operator, and if
acted upon, the results may go beyond anticipation.

ROSES THAT BLOOM THE WHOLE SEASON. 105

ROSA INDICA ODORATA.

THE TEA-SCENTED ROSE.

It Is nearly forty years since this rose was Intro-
duced Into Europe from China. At what period it
was first brought to this country is to us unknown ;
but it cannot be less than thirty years since ; neither
are we aware of any improvement being made upon
it with us, or even with the French, who are the
leading spirits in everything connected v/ith the rose.
It is a free seed-bearer, and has been the parent of
many varieties, many of which excel it in size, but
few or none in fragrance. Few growers are very
successful in its culture ; its growth at times is very
luxuriant, and it sometimes makes a shoot three feet
long; but such instances rarely occur. The varieties
from it, however, are magnificent ; many of them, of
the most luxuriant character, with flowers of all shades
from white to red. The family are nearly all too
tender for culture in this latitude without winter pro-
tection. To grow them perfectly (and they are well
worth extra care) the ground should be prepared ex-
pressly for them. They delight in a rich light soil

106 KOSES THAT BLOOM THE ^"KOLE SEASON.

with a dry bottom, and in. an elevated position. If
the soil is naturally sandy, it will only require to be
enriched by manure, or plenty of black decomposed
leaves from the woods, in which they will grow in
wdld luxuriance; but if the soil is heavy and clayey,
it should be thrown out to the depth of twenty inches.
Six inches of the bottom should be filled up with
rough rubbish, such as stones, brickbats, or branches
of trees ; over these place sixteen inches of prepared
soil, which will allow for settling. Two or three
weeks after the bed is prepared, the roses may be
planted. In the southern states, this operation can
be performed in February and March, but with us
April and the early part of May is the most proper
season. If the bed is made in soil retentive of water,
it will require to have a drain laid from it to keep
the bottom dry, otherwise it would be providing a
basin of water for the plants, which to them would
prove a "bed of death" in winter. The only shelter
necessary here is a covering of boards, glass, cedar
branches, or stra^v; the latter is a bad protection when
exposed to rain and snow, which causes mouldiness
about the plants, and even kills tbem; where glass is
not accessible, all that is required is a temporary and
movable frame or covering of boards, which must be
removed as soon as spring appears. Treated thus
they will not receive any material injury in this

EOSES THAT BLOOM THE WHOLE SEASOX. 107

vicinity from our severest winters; but to the east-
ward, when there is no green-house, they require to
be kept in good substantial close frames ; this can
readily be accomplished by lifting them from the
various parts of the garden and planting them very
com.paclly together in the frame provided for them
about tlie middle of October ; if the plants are taller
than the frame will admit of, la\- them in an inclining _
position, what the gardeners call "by the heels;" they
will require no water till spring.

About the first week, or tov«-ards the middle of
April, they must be taken out, in a cloudy day,
pruned of all deca3^ed or superfluous wood, and care-
fully planted into the place prepared for them. By
adopting this method, which I have often practised,
every lover of this celebrated rose in the eastern
states can enjoy them in the greatest luxuriance from
June to October. A substantial movable frame, seven
teet wide and twelve feet long, which may be made
ot two inch rough plank, one foot high in front and
two and a half feet high on the back, covered with
three sash, can be completed for the small cost of
thirteen to sixteen dollars, and will afford ample pro-
tection for two hundred plants, which will embrace
all the choicest Tea and Bengal Roses, and afford a
floral gratification in roses worth three times the
amount. Such a frame can be placed in a sheltered

108 ROSES THAT BL003I THE WHOLE SEASON.

situation, and also used for propagating, from cuttings,
all the varieties of the monthly roses in June, July
and August without bottom heat. However, where
there are only a few scattered plants, they will do
very well covered with branches of cedar, a box, or
barrel, perforated in several places, to allow the mois-
ture to evaporate. In mild latitudes ever}^ flower
garden should have a full and perfect collection of
this lovely tribe. If my words could paint its beau-
ties, or give any idea of its fragrance, 1 would not
plead for it in vain. But one fault they have, and
that is, too much similarity among the generality of
them. Although a difference can be discerned in all,
yet I confess it requires, in many instances, a very
discriminating eye to detect it. But the following
will be found distinct in colour and character, and
worthy of an}^ culture requisite to bring them to per-
fection. Adam^ very large — perfectly formed, deep
blush, full and fragrant. Antherose^ or Anteros^ is
very double, cup-shaped, of a pale pinkish-white shad-
ing to yellow in the centre, grows very strong, and
blooms well in pot culture. Archiduchesse Theresa
Isabel^ or Isabel^ a very distinct dwarf-growing white,
requiring the shoots to be well thinned out in order
to make it grow strong for flowering ; the flowers are
double and very pure. Abricott^ fawn colour, with
an apricot coloured centre quite distinct, free growth.

ROSES THAT BLOOM THE WHOLE SEASOx\. 109

strong foliage. Am(Rna^ pale rose, changeable to
rosy pink, very double, a moderate grower. Barhot
is a very strong growing rose, quite large, of a
creamy-blush colour, and frequently deep pink,
though the French describe it as "a yellow edged
with rose 5"" it is highly fragrant, and an indis-
pensable variety. Belle Marguerite ; the distinctive
character of this rose is easily perceived at a con-
siderable distance 5 its strong upright habit produ-
cing its flowers on short stiff footstalks j the colour
from a pale rosy lilac to a dark crimson, perfectly
double ; when well grown, a great bloomer and tole-
rably hardy. Bougere has a great many admirers ;
the flowers are extremely large, fully double, of a
rosy-lilac colour, alwa^'^s cup-shaped, and even fading
away in that form; the buds are very large before
they expand 5 it is one of the strongest growers, and
bears our winters with very slight protection. Bout-
rand is a noble rose of a bright pink colour, perfectly
formed, and a free grower. Caroline is a beautiful
rose, of a bright rosy-pink colour, with finely formed
flowers, always blooming perfect, and in great profu-
sion, even five or six in a cluster. It is one of the
hardiest, having every quality of a first rate rose.
Surety rosy red, cup formed, fully double, a free
o-rower, distinct. Charles Reybaud^ pale rose, of rather
loose form, quite large, and blooms freely. Clara
10

110 ROSES THAT BLOOM THE AVHOLE SEASON,

Sylvain is a large and perfectly formed pure white
rose, a strong grower and an abundant bloomer ; one
of the best of the whites, giving entire satisfaction
wherever grown. Claudia is a beautiful creamy-
blush, perfect in every character, but a scarce variety.
Comte de Paris is greatly esteemed in France, and
is yet very scarce in this country.

There are at least (that we have seen) four distinct
roses cultivated and sold for the veritable "Comte."
When once under the eye it cannot be mistaken; the
plant is of a very strong habit, with large shining
foliage, and the spines or thorns distantly set on the
wood, but very strong; the flowers perfectly double,
of a pale rose colour, the bottom of the petals in-
clining to yellow ; the buds are quite large, round
pointed, and like Caroline, always expanding freely
in airy situations. Devoniensis is the tea rose in the
superlative degree. Though at first represented as
being a fine sulphur yellow, and figured as such, it
proves to be a creamy-white, but when just open,
in cloudy w^eather, is of a canary colour ; w-hen v;ell
cultivated, it produces flowers of immense size, and
in clusters ; it growls freely, with dark green foliage,
possesses a delightful fragrance, far surpassing the
ancient Tea Eose, and is a very valuable sort for
either pot or garden culture. It is an English variety,
but is now sold cheaper in America than in either

ROSES THAT BLOOM THE WHOLE SEASON. Ill

France or England. Delphine Gaudot, pure white,
blooming in clusters ; though not fully double, yet
very profuse of bloom. Due d^Orleaiis^ at first sight,
much resembles Belle Marguerite, though it is rather
brighter in colour, and the growth not so strong.
Duchesse de Mecklenbourg is a perfectly formed dou-
ble variety, of a creamy-yellow before it is deprived
of its hue by the sun, whose brilliant rays rob nearly
all roses of this shade of colour. Elisa Sauvage is
another of that description of colour. Though very
diiTerent in growth, which is not so strong, yet the
flowers are very strong, and make a splendid appear-
ance when forced. Etienie^ white, with a delicate
rose centre, very large flowers, and perfectly double,
growing and blooming freely. Flavescens, or Yellow
Tea, pale straw colour, extremely large bold petals :
it is very splendid when half expanded, but when
full blown is loose and not fully double ; it bears
an abundance of seed, but we have never produced a
good rose from it. This plant was introduced into
England from China, by Mr. Parks, about the year
18-24. In fresh sandy rich loamy soil it grows very
strong, and flowers profusely, but does not thrive in
heavy soils. My late partner, Mr. Hibbert, intro-
duced this rose and the IVhite China into this country
in 1828, and the first plants that were sold of them
was in 1830 ; they are now found in thousands over

112 ROSES THAT BLOOM THE WHOLE SEASON.

every part of the United States. FloraUe, pale rosy
blush, very perfect form, blooming in clusters, very
profusely. Fragoleita, or Roi des Beiges, very large
pale rose, full and perfect, grows freely; it is also
known in some collections as Xapoleon. Gigantesque^
for size of flower, deserves its name ; but deficiency
in form detracts from that merit; yet its pale fleshy
coloured flowers are very showy. Goubault is a large
rosy blush inclining to yellow in the centre ; very
double, distinct and fragrant; it grows freely, and
will occasionally produce seed, from which fine varie-
ties will no doubt be obtained. Hamon is a delightful
rose, with large flowers changing from blush to deep
rose colour, a profuse bloomer, and appears to succeed
best when budded upon a stronger growing variety.
Hardy, or Gloire de Hardy, is a pretty variety, with
pale pink flowers quite double, though not so large as
the generality of Tea Koses. Hymenee is a profuse
creamy white, perfectlj^ double, growing freely in any
situation, and quite hardy in this vicinity. Hippolyte
is another of the same character, but has more of the
yellow in it, and more fragrant. Josephine Malton
is an elegant rose, of first rate character ; the flowers
are large, retaining a cup shape to the last, of a
creamy white colour ; the plant is strong growing,
and apparently very hardy. Julie Mansais generally
approaches a pure white, though we have seen it

ROSES THAT BLOOM THE WHOLE SEASON. 113

quite yellow during cloudy weather in September and
October j the flower perfectly double, retaining its
cup shape till faded. La Sylphide ; this rose possesses
every requisite for admiration ; it grows very luxuri-
antly; the flowers are very large, of a rosy buff turn-
ing to a creamy-white colour, produced in great
profusion, and in either bud or bloom is always
admired ; does extremely well for pot culture, and
is quite hardy for the garden. Lyon?iais, very large
pale pink, often a fine blush, quite double, blooms
freely, a strong grower, and is a very desirable
variety. Mada?n, Desprez is frequently seen in very
great perfection ; in that state it is a fac-simile of a
Double White Camellia, with the most agreeable
fragrance. It is rather delicate on its own roots, but
when budded, grows well; in the south it is greatly
admired. An amateur a few years ago presented me
with a plant of this as something he had grown from
seed, very magnificent, and under a new name ; f
parted with two or three plants before the error was
detected. Madam Galet approaches Elisa Sauvage in
colour, but the growth is miuch stronger; it is conse-
quently more hardy, and will grow in a more northern
latitude. Mansais is very distinct from Julie Mansais
in both habit and colour ; the flower is quite large, of
a buff* colour, with a pink centre, perfectly double ;
the buds are very pointed, the wood strong and of a
10*

11-i HOSES THAT BLOOM THE WHOLE SEASON.

spreading habit, very hardy. Marechal Bugeaud, very
large, of a bright rose colour, quite double, a strong
grower and very superb, blooming abundantly. Mel-
ville requires only to be seen once to be recognized ever
afterwards; the plant will make shoots three or four
feet long, crowned with very large dark rosy blush
flowers perfectly double ; the foliage is strong, dark
green, and deeply serrated ; it is quite hardy, and very
desirable. Jvloire is a distinct globular variety, beau-
tifully shaded with rose and blush, very perfect. .Mon-
dor, large rosy blush, fading to a pale buff colour, very
double. Xiphetos is a white, remarkable for its large
taper-formed flower bud, and till it is fully open is
very splendid ; but like the Yellow Tea, when fully
expanded, it is not at all attractive ; the wood is strong,
and a hardy variety. A^lsida^ fawn coloured rose,
regular cup-shape, very fragrant, pale green foliage, a
free bloomer. Odorata or Common Tea Rose ; few or
none of the family possess the peculiar fragrance oi
this delightful rose ; its large rosy bl;sh flower buds
will ever be admired ; when full blown it is not so
attractive as others, but will always be desirable for
its agreeable odour, though perhaps one of the most
difiicult of die family to grow well. A liberal por-
tion of leaf mould and sand appears to suit it. Pau-
line Plantier ; this is among the many that have light
flowers, nearly white shading to yellow, a character

ROSES THAT BLOOM THE WHOLE SEASON. 115

becoming too prevalent in the family, and growers
should be ever cautious in putting forth so many of
those whose colours are "so much alike," though they
may differ to a nice eye in the leaf, a shoot, or an
imaginary shade. . Pellonia, pale-straw colour, large
flower, though very loosely formed, bud long and poin-
ted, a free grower. Princess ^^delaide^ pale sulphur
yellow, very double, a weak grower and rather an
indifferent flower except when well grown. Prince
d* Esterhazy is a beautiful blush variet}^, similar to
Lyonnais, except being a fev/ shades darker; it re-
tains its globular form till nearly faded — grows free-
ly. Princesse Helene Modeste and Princesse HCUne
Luxembourg are nearly alike, though the latter has a
little more of the yellowish colour than the former ;
they are different in growth, and both are fine fully
double roses. Princesse 3Iorie, when well grown,
will be admired by all ; its large deep rose-coloured
waxy flowers, from four to five inches in diameter, of
perfect cup form, which they retain till entirely fa-
ded, are not excelled by any of the colour ; it is of
a strong upright habit, and nearly as hardy as the
common China Rose. Reve du Bonheur, or T/ie
Happy Dream^ is a very distinct sort ; the buds, before
they open, have the petals edged with bright red ;
before expansion it appears striped, and when expan-
ded is a creamy-blush ; though not perfectly double

116 ROSES THAT BLOOM THE WHOLE SEASON.

it is yet very desirable for its distinctive character,
and being in bloom before any other of the group.
Rei?ie Victoria approaches Melville ; though not of so
bright a colour it is fully as strong in habit, but the
foliage not so deeply serrated. Roman, pale lemon
white, large flower, fully double. Safrano, when the
bud opens in the morning, is a fine saffron or dark
orange colour, and is beautiful ; in the forenoon it is
blush and in the afternoon a very poor white not
worth notice, and unless you see it pass through these
changes, 3'ou could scarcely believe il to be the same
rose. Souvenir (Tun Ami, pale rose, large flower,
fully double. Stromhio cannot be too well known ;
though an old variety, it holds its place, with its large
pendulous rosy-white flowers, perfectly formed of a
cup shape, and in profusion. It is also a luxuriant
grower, and withstands our winters without protec-
tion. Taglioni is a large rose, of a fine white incli-
ning to pink towards the centre; a hardy strong vari-
ety. Thehe, with every character of a Bengal rose,
has the odour of the Tea very strong, and is put in
this tribe on that account only ; it is of a bright rosy-
red colour, of rather dwarf habit, flowers profusely,
and quite double. Triomphe du Luxembourg ; per-
haps there is not a rose mentioned in this little volume
that has been so universally distributed over the floral
world in the space of thirteen years, as this celebra-

KOSES THAT BL003I THE WHOLE SEASON. 117

ted variety. The flowers are often six inches in di-
ameter, of a peculiar rosy bufr colour, and may be
frequently seen of a yellowish- white or deep rose,
according to the season and situation ; its growth is
remarkably strong-, in some soils producing shoots five
feet long in one season, flowering freely and perfectly,
and is possessed of considerable fragrance. Turgot^
dark rose in the form of Belle I\Iarguerite of the
same habit but darker in colour. Vicomtesse de
Cazes, pale orange-yellow, quite double, very fine
when extra well grown. This rose with Eliza Sau-
vage, Princess Adelaide and some others has the same
fault of weak growth and paucity of bloom. Victo-
ria Modesfe^m the southern latitudes, is very splendid,
blooming perfectly the whole season ; but it does not
bloom here, except in the months of July and August.
The flowers are of a fine blush colour, very large and
cup formed ; the growth of the strongest habit, and
the shoots thickly studded with thorns. William
Wallace is of a pale blush colour, an extra large flow-
er perfectly double, blooms and grows freely. I
cannot say that since our first edition there has been
any rose added to this group that surpasses or even
equals Devoniensis.

There could be many others named, but their de-
scription would merely be a repetition of those
given 5 there are others that pass under very exalted

118 ROSES THAT BLOOM THE WHOLE SEASON.

names, though roses of very inferior character. A
choice bright red or crimson Tea Rose is still a
desideratum. There are several that approach that
colour, but are not up to the standard of a connois-
seur. From the cultivation of the many beautiful
sorts here described we may hope to see, ere long,
this long expected treasure spring forth to delight our
eyes. The most successful grower of roses from
seeds has been Mr. Hardy, of the Luxembourg Gar-
dens, near Paris, who annually raises thousands by
that process ; and there is not a year passes that he
does not send forth some article worthy the name of
the grower. The Tea Rose is well adapted for for-
cing, either in the hot-house or hot-beds prepared for
them. They require a temperature of from 60° to
70^^, and will flower in six weeks from the time
they have been subjected to the forcing process j the
atmosphere must be kept moist by syrir]ging. A good
criterion to know the humidity of the air they are in,
is by observing the dew upon the plants in the morn-
ing If they are lightly covered with it, showing the
pearly drops from the tip of the foliage, it is a good
sign; but if this is not seen every morning, the at-
mosphere is too dry, and the plants must be freely
syringed and kept well watered. Budded plants
force finer than those on their own roots ; this can be
done with great facility by budding on the manettii

ROSES THAT BLOOM THE WHOLE SEASON. 119

stock or any other strong growing variety. In July
or August layer the young wood of these plants, and
insert the bud at once about a foot from the ground.
These laj^ers will be well rooted in October, when
they can be lifted, potted, and put into a shady place
in any frame or out-house, free from frost, till required
for forcing.* Mildew frequently attacks them when
in artificial heat ; a few applications of sulphur water
will keep it down ; but if the airing has been proper-
ly attended to, and the water judiciously given, that
disease will not appear. Grafted plants stand out all
winter perfectlj^ well with us, if the top is pruned in
November and covered with oiled paper, oil-cloth,
inatting, or any other similar substitute, which we re-
move in March, and frequently find the plants in as
good order as they were when tied up. We take this
precaution also with many of the Noisette and Ben-
gal varieties. This is so easily practised that it should
not be omitted where there is the least danger.

* If grown one year in pots, they will make finer plants,
and nriay then be made to bloom profusely in the following
January.

120 ROSES THAT BLOO.AI THE WHOLE SEASON,

ROS A. INDIC A.

THE BENGAL CHINESE, OR DAILY ROSE.

This and Rosa Semperfiorens, although considered
distinct species, have been so completely intermixed
and amalgamated, that it is now impossible to define
the difference between them. They have been, since
their introduction sixty years ago, universally cultiva-
ted, and are admired by all. Not only the cottager
and the great, but the poor inmate of the most cheer-
less abode, and the lonely widow whose domains ex-
tend not beyond the length and breadth of the win-
dow-sill— all call in this favourite, to adorn the hum-
ble porch, or decorate the fanciful parterre, to throw
a gleam of light in the desolate attic, and to speak of
flowers that never fade. They are of a very hardy
nature, and will endure almost every vicissitude of
treatment, but cannot very well bear the winter in the
open air without protection, north of Philadelphia.
They will, however, do well to the east by covering
their roots, five or six inches thick, with dry leaves,
and two feet all round. Distribute some earth over the
leaves to prevent them being blown about by the wind.
Give them rich sandy loamy soil of considerable

ROSES THAT BLOOM THE WHOLE SEASON. 121

depth ; plant in an airy situation, and never near a
tree, or any other bush which exhausts the soil, and
deteriorates the coloui of the flower. The best season
for pruning is as early in the spring as their buds
show a disposition to swell j in doing so cut out all
the dead wood, shorten any of the young shoots that
are irregular ; the old stinted wood should be cut as
near the ground as possible ; that the bush may stand
free and regularly, thin all over; dig in among their
roots every season a good supply of rich compost or
old manure, and stir and hoe them frequently during
the summer. The remarks we have made upon the
culture of the Tea Rose will not be misapplied if
practised on the Bengal, though these last are inva-
riably more hardy. There are about one hundred
varieties of them cultivated, though one-half of that
number will give every variety and character, com-
pared with which most of the others will be found
worth neither name nor culture. Aglae Loth^ shaded
rose fading to dark red, very double, and perfect
form. A ranee de jYavaro, sent out as a Tea, but evi-
dently a Bengal, of a pale rosy pink colour, very
profuse and double. Archduke Charles is a noble
variety, opening a bright rose colour, and changing to
crimson ; the points of the petals are frequently tip-
ped with bright red. Arsenie or Arsione^ is of a
delicate rose colour, very perfect in form, grows and
11

122 ROSES THAT BLOOM THE WHOLE SEASO:N'.

blooms freely, quite distinct. Beau Carmin is of the
Sanguinea habit, a very distinct variety, with dark
crimson-purple shaded flowers, quite double, and cup
formed, is a free grower, and continually in bloom.
Belle de Monza, though one of the oldest varieties,
holds its distinctive character in producing a profusion
of flowers, when first open, of a rosy colour changing
gradually to very dark crimson, perfectly double ; the
plant is a strong grower, and very hardy. Belle de
Florence is a pale carmine variety with very perfect
flowers under medium size, a profuse bloomer. Belle
Isidore grows rampantly, even stronger than the com-
mon China, from which its flowers differ, being more
double, and changing from pink to crimson. Boisnard
IS of a pale sulphur, changing to nearly white, and
appears to have all the character of a Tea Rose ex-
cept fragrance. Camel liajlora^ not white as some will
suppose from its name, but rosy red changeable to
dark red, very perfect form, large and distinct. Ca-
meleo7i is another of the changeable sorts, opening a
fine rose colour, and then gradually changing to crim-
son \ is perfectly double, and a strong grower. Car-
min t/' YebleSj is very appopriately named, being of a
bright carmine colour, very perfect, growing and
blooming freely ; said to be. " striped with white ;''
many crimson roses have stripes of white, which, in
general, is more a fault than a beauty. Cels^ or Mul-

ROSES THAT BLOOM THE WHOLE SEASON. 123

tiflora Cels^ ranks among the best of the blush roses;
indeed for profusion of bloom it has not a rival ;
every flower perfect, fully double, and cup shaped,
growing freely in almost any soil or situation, and is
an excellent variety to force into early bloom. Co-
quette^ changeable red, to rosy purple ; flowers double
and in profusion, approaching the habit of Beau Car-
mine. Cramoisi Superieur, or Bengal Agrippina^ is
universally admired for its brilliant crimson cup form-
ed flowers, perfectly double ; it is a strong grower and
should be in every collection. Don Carlos may be
mentioned for being represented as a striped variety.
It closely resembles the common Sanguinea though not
so bright, and has about as many stripes as Sanguinea.
Duchess of Kent is a neat pale pink rose, of a dwarf
habit, and rather small-sized flower. Etna, of Lux-
embourg, and UEtna are the same, and like Belle
Isidore has that changeable colour from rose to crim-
son; the petals are often tipped with scarlet, making
it very attractive. Eugene Hardy is of a delicate
rosy colour, very distinct, perfectly double, and me-
dium size. Fahvier^ admired for brilliancy of colour
(being near a scarlet) and its seeding qualities.
General Soyer, rosy purple, fully double, medium
size. Gigantea is an old strong growing sort, pro-
ducing very large and fully double flowers, blooming
perfectly, and quite hardy. Gros Charles is a mag-
niflcent variety, with large perfectly imbricated

124? ROSES THAT BLOOM THE WHOLE SEASON.

flowers of a shaded rose colour j the plant also
grows free and strong. Hortensia^ a very distinct
old variety, perfect in form, full size, a strong
grower, blooms profusely, of a blush pink colour.
Indica is the common variety, and generally known
as the Daily Rose, from its frequency in blooming,
and not from its blooming every day, as some sup-
pose ; it is the type of the family. When we say
large, we mean larger than this rose (Daily), and
when small, we mean smaller than this. The flower
is of a dark blush or rose colour, and about three
inches in diameter. It grows very strong, frequently
making shoots five feet long in one season in rich
sandy soil 5 it is one of the best for forcing, and thou-
sands of it are sold in the Philadelphia market at
from six to fifty cents per plant. Plants two feet
high are grown from small cuttings forced, and sold
within twelve months. Such has been the rapidity
of rose culture about this city, that twenty-five years
ago there were not one thousand rose plants in its
vicinity, and now there are, at the lowest calculation,
fifty thousand disposed of in the course of a single
year. Indica j9lba is the very popular White Daily
Rose, first, imported to this country in 1828, and now
spread through every town, village, and garden of the
Union. It is very much like the old White Tea Kose.
Though the petals are not so thick and waxy as that

ROSES THAT BLOOM THE WHOLE SEASON. 125

variety, the plant grovvs more freely and blooms more
profusely. It is also well adapted for early forcing.
Icterose is a creamy-white with yellow centre ; a very
double variety, blooming and growing freel}'-, and
has much the appearance of being a variety of the ,
Tea, though it has not much of its fragrance. Jack-
sonia* is an American variety, producing a profusion
of bright red flowers, perfectly double; the wood is
strong and very full of spines. It is also known
under the name of Hundred Leaved Daily. Joseph
Deschiens, rosy purple shading to violet crimson,
large, cup form. Jacques Plantier, large, very dou-
ble, shaded violet crimson passing to rosy purple,
strong growth. La Ca^mens is a beautiful rose, the
flower being of the form of a White Camellia, but of
a rosy crimson colour; it is very perfect, and greatly
admired. Lady Warroider^ very pure white, perfect
cup form, pretty double, blooms abundantly and
o-rows freely, very similar to Tea Clara Sylvain.
Louis Philippe has not an equal for growth, in good
soils frequently making a shoot six feet long in one
season; the flowers are large, perfectly double, of a
slobular form : the circumference of the bloom is of a
dark crimson colour; the centre a pale blush, making
it altogether perfectly distinct from any other rose in

* In compliment to the late President Jackson.
11*

126 ROSES THAT BLOOM THE WHOLE SEASON.

cultivation ; it will give entire satisfaction. We
have seen it passing under the name of King of
France. Madam Breon^ bright rose, very large, dou-
ble flower, of fine habit. Madam Hersent^ or Augus-
ti7ie Hersent^ is a fine bright rose-coloured variety,
very large, and though not very perfect in form, makes
an excellent display; is of good growth, and tolerably
hard\\ Marjolm ranks among the finest dark crim-
son roses; it produces its flowers in great abundance;
they are large, globular, and perfectly formed, quite
hardy, growing luxuriantly. Meilhz^ or Tht, a Fleurs
Jaune^ has been cultivated here many years, and
though numbers have originated since, 3-et none has
its character for great profusion of bloom, luxuriance
of growth, and hardiness ; the flowers are pure white,
and produced in clusters. Mi^s Bell, beautiful rosy
blush, large flower, cup form, very perfect, an excel-
lent American variety. Miss Sergeant is a bright
pink rose, of fine habit, profuse flowering, strong
growth, and perfect!}' hardy; it was grown from seed
by Mr. Mackenzie, of this city. Pri?ice Charles is a
fine light crimson variety, very perfect in form, and,
as well as many others of similar good qualities, is an
offspring of the Luxembourg Gardens. Prince Eugene
is a very rich crimson rose, being in colour between
Cramoisi Superieur, and Roi des Cramoisis ; perfectly
double and hardy. Queen of France^ large, dark red,

ROSES THAT BLOOJI THE WHOLE SEASON. 127

very double, cup-form, approaching the character of
Marjolin. Heine de Lombardie is the queen of the
bright rosy-red varieties; it is of the most globular
form, which it retains to its last hour. The flowers
are perfectly double, and produced in profusion ; the
plant grows rapidly, and is quite hardy. There is
not a rose of the colour better adapted for forcing or
growing in pots, for the parlour or green-house. Roi
des Cramoisis was brought by me, in 1839, from Paris,
where I saw the original plant, around which there
was a regularly trodden path made by its admirers, of
which I was one, never before having seen a dark
rich crimson rose with so much odour ; the flowers
too were large, fully double, and cup formed j the
plant three or four feet high, and fully loaded with
its gorgeous blossoms. It has since appeared in several
collections, having been imported under the name of
Ezigene Becniharnais ; it grows freely, and is well
worth cultivating. Rose of Five Colours^ nearly
single, bud long, and tapering flower of a creamy-
white, spotted or stained with rose, foliage pale
green, weak growth. We have seen many fine roses
that had more character of five colours than the pre-
sent subject, which would not have been noticed were
it not for the imposing name which has excited so
many amateurs. Rubens^ or Ruhan Pourpre, of the
English, is a distinct rosy-violet coloured variety,

128 ROSES THAT BLOOIM THE WHOLE SEASON.

with perfectly formed flowers, though not so strong
in growth as many others. Stmperflorens ; this is the
far-famed crimson Chinese, or Sanguhiea Rose^ the
type of all the scarlet or crimson varieties of this
division; it is perfectly double, cup shaped, of a rich
crimson colour, and is universally cultivated ; its
nature is not so hard}^ as some others, but yet it
withstands our winters with very simple protection,
and though of humble growth, gives a profusion of
bloom throughout the entire season. Triomphant, or
Bengal Triomphant^ is a popular rose, very large and
full, of violet-crimson colour, and m.ay be often seen
of every shade, from rosy-lilac to violet-crimson; the
flowers are always perfect in form. The plant has
passed under several other names in Europe, such as
La Superba, Grande et Belle, Pceony j\''oisette, Sec,
but is known with us under the two former names
only. Triomphe de Gand approaches the former, but
the colours are not so varied, and the plant is more
robust in habit. Vesuvius, very bright, rich crimson,
medium size, fully double, fragrant, a strong grower,
very, desirable. Virginal, very beautiful blush pass-
ing to blush white, full cup-form, quite distinct.
Viridiflora, flow^er under medium size, double, bloom-
ins: in lar9:e clusters of a brig-ht o-reen colour, evi-
dently a sport from the daily rose that (as we believe)
originated in the vicinity of Baltim.ore a few years

KuSES THAT BLOOM THE WHOLE SEASON. 129

ago; quite a curiosity. Washingt07i was one of our
first American seedling roses, grown by the old house
of D. and C. Landreth ; it is yet a distinct variety in
both flowers and foliage; the former are crimson,
with white at the bottom of the petals, and frequently
striped much more distinctly than Do/i Carlos ^ the
foliage is a pale peculiar green, with red nerves; it
grows and blooms freely.

This tribe of the rose family is yet vsusceptible of
great improvement; we want some of pale rose and
blush colours, with a few of dark rich crimson. For
the former, we strongly urge the impregnating of
Meillez with Lady War render and Queen of Lorn-
bnrdy ; and Roi des Cramoisis with Marjolin ; the
offspring of these will doubtless give some choice
sorts. It now requires a very superior article to rank
among first rate roses, and none shall ever, v/ith our
consent, be sent forth with a name, without merit.
Standards, or rose trees of from one to three feet of
the Bengal sorts, are very attractive, and should
always be cultivated where variety, character, and
ornament are desired. They can be very easily bud-
ded on the Manettii stock at any required height, and
with care may continue to flourish from ten to fifteen
years, keeping their heads close pruned, and giving
them plenty of enriching- materials about their roots
^inter. Some of the delicate orrowin": varieties

130 ROSES THAT BLOOM THE WHOLE SEASON.

can be budded on the stronger sorts; tbe common
daily rose makes an excellent stock, and it can be
propagated with such facilit}' that any quantity of
strong plants may be got for the purpose. All the
China roses can be propagated by cuttings taken from
the plants as soon as they have done blooming, in
June, August, September, and October; the shoots,
about three or four inches long, that have produced
flowers, are the best for the purpose ; cut tiiem off
close to the old wood, and reduce them to three
inches in length, cutting off the top; then insert them
into sandy rich earth, in a shady spot, or on the north
side of a fence, or in a frame where they can be
shaded from the sun; it is necessary to make the
cuttings firm in the soil, leaving about an inch of the
top above the ground, with one or two leaves thereon;
give them a sprinkling of water every evening for a
few weeks, when they will be rooted, and may then
be left to take their chance ; if put in in June they
will form strong plants before winter; but where they
are only required to a limited extent, layering will be
found the safest method, and will always produce a
good strong plant. For this purpose, select a shoot
in August, about a foot long; cut and place it into
the ground as directed for layering in a former part
of this work. When fully rooted, about the end of
October, they can be cut off and put away into winter

ROSES THAT BLOOM THE WHOLE SEA SOX. 131

quarters, either by the heels in a frame, or planted
into pots. They must be shaded from the sun for a
few daj's after removal, and will be greatly strength-
ened by having their tops cut ofT, only leaving one,
or at most two branches, six to eig-ht inches long;
Those of robust habit do not make handsome stand-
ards ; they shoot away into irregular forms, and
require to be repeatedly trimmed into shape during
the growing season. Summer pruning has been
strongly urged upon the -horticulturist by many
writers in Europe, where they have a cool humid
climate to operate inj but in this country, where
growth is so rapid, it requires all the foliage a plant
produces to convey to the roots the nourishment
(carbonic acid) it derives from the atmosphere, to
support their free growth during the months of July
and August. Every leaf, young shoot^or branch that
a tree or plant is deprived of, during the period of
their growth, is merely withdrawing from them a
portion of their daily food. J have rarely seen sum-
mer pruning attended with beneficial results, but the
contrary. The proper method is to disbud, or merely
take the tip from the extremity of a shoot. "The
size of a plant is proportional to the surface of the
organs which are destined to convey food to it. A
plant gains another mouth and stomach with every
new fibre of root and ever}'- new leaf." When the

132 ROSES THAT BLOOM THE WHOLE SEASON.

Bengal, or any of the Tea roses, that have been
planted in the open ground during the summer, are
wanted to decorate the green-house, or parlour, during
(he fall or winter months, the best plan is, towards
the middle of September, to cut the roots rouud each
plant, leaving the ball of ground less than the pot
you intend using. Cutting the roots will cause the
plant to droop, but in about a fortnight they will
iT:ake fresh rootlets, an<f will be ready for potting,
which must be done with care, not to crumble the
ball of earth or disturb the fresh roots. By this means
the plants will look more handsome than if they had
been grown in pots.

ROSA LAW RE N CIA N A.

THE MINIATIKE EOSE.

These diminutive roses were first introduced from
China, where the greatest efforts of horticulture are
directed towards dwarfing ever}- tree, shrub or plant.
In this instance, however, it is no peculiar mode
of treatment that has stunted the growth of the
plant, or diminished the size of the flowers ; but
these roses have been the produce of seeds saved
from the smallest flowers of the kind, year after

ROSES THAT BLOOM THE WHOLE SEASON. 133

year, till they now have become the fairies of the
tribe. In France they cultivate about a dozen varie-
ties of these Lilliputians, varying in colour from
nearly white to dark crimson. In this country, where
almost every flower must be a Goliah, before it is
admired, this family has been nearly lost sight of.
Indeed, they are entirely buried, when planted among
those gorgeous flowers we have already attempted
faintly to describe. It is therefore necessary, in
cultivating the miniature rose, to grow them in a
spot by themselves ; for this purpose a slightly ele-
vated position is the best, the ground having been
prepared in the same manner as directed for Bengals
or Teas. The following are the most distinct varie-
ties of European origin, jllba^ pale blush, perfect in
form, contrasting beautifully with the high coloured
sorts — quite scarce in this country. Caprice des
Barnes^ pink changing to blush, quite double, distinct
from any of the others. La Miniature^ a bright pink
rose, perfect in character, v»ith the flower about the
size of half a dime, the plant about six inches high
when full grown. Gloire, crimson, in size and growth
rather larger than the former. Pompon, of the
French, is the old Indica Minor, from which no doubt
they have originated. Bijou is a clear rose colour,
very similar to the first named, but a few shades dark-
er. There is also the Pretty American, a plant of
12

134 ROSES THAT BLOOM THE WHOLE SEASON.

low stature, never exceeding six or seven inches in
height, grown by Mr. Boll, of New York. And last
and least, we copy from the third volume of Hovey's
Magazine of Horticulture an account of the Prince
of Dwarfs, which originated at Mr. Feast's, of Balti-
more.— "When three years old, the Master Burk had
fine full blown and very double flowers; and the
half of a common hen's egg-shell would have cov-
ered the whole bush without touching it. This 1 saw
and assert to be a fact. It is now seven or eight years
old, flowers regularly every year, afl*ording wood for
propagation, and has never yet attained two inches in
height, nor its whole top exceeding one, or one and a
half inch in diameter ; the rose is about the size of a
buck-shot." The article was written by a gentleman
of high standing, with whom I am personally acquain-
ted, and do suppose, as he says, it is " a fact," al-
though I have not been able to get possession of the
plant.

KOSA BOURBONIANA.

THE BOURBON ROSE.

It is about twelve years since we. predicted that
this group of roses, in a few years, would be the most

ROSES THAT BLOOM THE WHOLE SEASON. 135

popular of the whole family of the " Queen of Flow-
ers ^" that prediction is now literally fulfilled, in the
great demand by all the admirers and cultivators of
the rose, for the varieties of this family. Our readers
will allow that the taste thus created within a few
years is not to be wondered at, when we have held
up to their admiration the choice bouquet of these
flowers which we are now about to present. As this
family has become so very popular, its history, no
doubt, will prove interesting to many, and is indeed
worthy of some attention.

The first rose is said to have been imported from
the Isle of Bourbon to France in 1822, and is there
known in the catalosrue of the French o-rowers as
Rose de Pile de Bourbon. It attracted great atten-
tion by its peculiar habit and profusion of brilliant
bright rose-coloured flowers, blooming in June, with
a slight tendency to flower again in autumn ; not
being fully double, it produced an abundance of seed,
from which varieties were obtained that bloomed
freely the whole season. The only roses known on
the island, were the common China, and the Red-
four-seasons, till about the year 1816, when a Mon-
sieur Perichon was planting a hedge of these, among
his plants found one very different from the others in
its shoots and leaves, which induced him to plant it
in his garden, where it was discovered by a French

136 ROSES THAT BLOOM THE WHOLE SEASON.

botanist, and sent home in 1822 to Monsieur Jacques,
then gardener at the Chateau de Neuilly ; this accounts
for the name of "Bourbon Jacques," frequently given
by English growers to the common Bourbon Rose.
It was introduced to this country, in 1828, by the late
Mr. Thomas Hibbert, whose name will always be
associated in the memory of many with rose culture.
This association of ideas, connected with a particular
subject, often flashes on the mind with the vividness of
a sunbeam. The first perfect specimen 1 ever saw of
this rose, was in the possession of that cultivator, and
although it is now over twenty years ago, thp spot,
thee ompany, the remarks, the very words, all occur
to me most forcibly whenever this rose is introduced ;
"thus thought follows thought, according to the order
in which object and events are related to each other."
The perpetuity of bloom, and the hardy nature of the
Bourbon Rose fills up a chasm that had long been de-
plored by amateurs and cultivators in northern lati-
tudes. They are decidedly more robust, and with-
stand a greater degree of cold than either the Noisette,
Tea, or Bengal roses. It is now our impression, that
in a few years, these with the "Remontante" family,
will be the only roses cultivated in all the states north
of Virginia ; and there is no reason why, in time,
there should not be among them specimens exhibiting
all the distinctive varieties disseminated amons other

ROSES THAT BLOOM THE WHOLE SEASON. 137

groups, such as mossy, striped, spotted, mottled, not
excepting a yellow colour in its brightest shade.
The constant improvement on this division of the rose
is exceedingly interesting, many of them far surpass-
ing those of ten years standing. Since our last addi-
tion brilliancy of colour has predominated in the new
sorts surpassing any previously observed, combining
size, delicacy and fragrance ; though it must be ob-
served that the pale colours of this family have gener-
ally the least fragrance. In those now described,
every colour will be found, from nearly pure white to
dark crimson purple.

Jlcidalie has been in cultivation several years, but
is only now coming into notice for its distinct pale
rose- white colour j the flower is perfect in form, large,
and a little fragrant j the plant is quite hardy, and
grows well. Jlmeniade^ bright rose i»^hen first open,
fading to paler, very perfect form, strong grower,
blooming in large clusters. Augustine Lelieur pos-
sesses considerable fragrance, is of a rosy-purple co-
lour, full, round, well formed, and is a strong grower,
but does not open well in the early part of the season.
Amourette is a pale flesh-coloured variety, with flowers
very perfect and distinct j though smaller than many
others, it is very profuse. Amarantine^ bright car-
mine, large flower, fully double j of medium growth.
Beluze, or Anne Beluze, pale waxy blush, very per-
12*

138 ROSES THAT BLOOM THE WHOLE SEASON.

feet in form, a distinct article. Bouquet de Flore is a
great favourite, and though it has been cultivated
some years, is yet quite scarce ; the flowers are very
large, perfectly double, with large round firm petals,
blooming very profusely. It possesses considerable
fragrance, is a strong grower, and quite hardy. Cai'-
dinal Fesck, flowers of crimson colour, medium size,
but produced in profusion, quite double and distinct,
not to be mistaken. Cellmene grows with vigour ;
the shoots are densely studded with strong prickles ;
flowers of a delicate rose colour, medium size, and
fully double. Charles Souchet dark rosy violet
changing to crimson, quite large, full, cup form, per-
fect. Cornice de Seine et Marne^ very bright crimson,
shell formed petals, very double, blooms in clusters.
Comte de Rambuteau^ very changeable rosy crimson,
large full flower of an irregular form. Charlemagne
of a pale changeable colour, flowers produced in
large clusters — plant of strong growth, as yet quite
scarce. Comte de J^anteuil^ plant of dwarf growth, pro-
ducing its flowers of a rosy purple colour in clusters ;
very double. Deuil du due d^Orleans, very dark crim-
son flowers under medium size, very double ; plant
of slow growth, quite distinct, as yet quite rare. Com-
tesse de Resseguire ; this rose, so brilliantly heralded,
is far eclipsed by several of the same colour, a pale
waxy blush fading to creamy white. Degasches^ cup

ROSES THAT BLOOM THE WHOLE SEASON. 139

form, bright rose colour, in large clusters of strong
growth, and a free bloomer. Dumont de Courset,
dark rosy carmine, cup form, changeable. Doctor
Roques, or Crimson Globe, of the English, is of ro-
bust habit, makes an elegant standard ; the flowers are
globular, finely formed, of a rich dark crimson colour,
the plant perfectly distinct, and when once seen it
cannot be mistaken. D'^Yehles grows very like the
old Madam Desprez, but the flowers are of a much
brighter colour, the foliage very large, and the plant
quite strong. Dupetit Thouars, dark crimson, full
cupped flowers in clusters, a free bloomer. Edward
Desfossi, colour waxy blush inclining to fawn ; flow-
ers perfectly imbricated, produced very abundantly j
plants of medium growth. Enfant d\ijaccio of Vi-
bert, is the very same as Souvenir d^Anselme of some
other growers. It is in our opinion the very best of the
scarlet Bourbon Roses, either for growth, profusion, or
fragrance, and is evidently a seedling from Gloire de
Rosemene, being of the same colour and habit, with
very perfect double flowers ; it is a glowing pillar
rose. Emilie Courtier does not appear to open freely
till after July, when it shows its fine rose-coloured
fragrant flowers in great perfection. Fedora, bright
crimson, perfectly double, a strong grower, and will
yet proVe to be a fine pillar rose. General Duhourg,
when well grown, produces its large pale rose-colour-

14-0 ROSES THAT BLOOM THE WHOLE SEASON.

ed flowers in great clusters, highly fragrant, giving a
profuse autumnal blooming ; it is a strong grower,
and makes a fine pillar variety. Gloire de Rosamene,
the flowers are nearly bright scarlet, produced in large
clusters, but are not fully double, of rampant growth,
making a fine pillar plant, very conspicuous in the
distance, clothed with large foliage from bottom to
top. George Cuvier, pale rose, finely formed, medium
growth, a free bloomer. General Oudinot, flowers
crimson, fully double; plant of good habit, and will
prove I think a very desirable sort. Gloire de Paris,
deep crimson, large cupped flower, a very profuse
bloomer. Henry Clay (Raabe,) pale blush, strong
growth, perfect form, very distinct. Henry Clay,
(Boll,) large brilliant carmine, fully double, in large
clusters, a strong grower, and a splendid variety,
blooming profusely the whole season. Hersilie, rosy
pink, distinct colour, large flower, cupped and fully
double, a free bloomer. Hennequiii, in growth, equal
to Madam Desprez, and very much of its habit, flow-
ering in immense clusters of rosy crimson flowers.
When on its own roots, in rich light ground, it will
grow to any size. Hermosa, or Arraosa, of some, an
old variety and still a favourite ; the flowers are of
the most exquisite form, perfectly cupped ; medium
size, in profusion of a pale rose-colour. It is- a dwarf
grower, and makes a fine bush or standard ; it also

ROSES THAT BLOOM THE WHOLE SEASON. 141

does well in the green-house. Henry Planner is a
popular variety, producing a profusion of deep rose-
coloured flowers of medium size ; a free grower.
Julie de Fontenelle^ a decided acquisition, very per-
fectly formed, large deep red flowers, quite fragrant,
of a strong growth, blooming freely. Jupiter or Star
of Jupiter^ bright rosy red, perfect form, plant of
medium growth. There is a variety circulating un-
der that name of a blush colour, and very likely to
be Noisette Monstrosa. Lavinie d'Ost^ habit of Mad-
am Desprez, flowers of a pale blush colour, very like
many of the others except in name. Leveson Gower,
in size and form very similar to Souvenir de Malmai-
son ; colour rosy red ; plant does not do for forcing
as it is very subject to mildew. In the south it is of
very strong growth and splendid, vieing with its rival
in brighter colour. Ladi/ Canning, pale rose colour,
rather small flowers, quite double, blooming in clusters*
Le Grenadier, dark, crimson, of strong habit, very
perfect flowers, and will form a fine pillar variety
La Fhcenix, a bright red, with flowers beautifully
imbricated to the very centre. Its habits is sim-
ilar to Hermosa. Madam Jlude, of a bright rose
colour, with finely formed flowers ; it grows vigor-
ously, and will make a goocl pillar plant. Madam
Desprez; it is eighteen years since I first imported
his rose, together with Aimee Vibert, Lamarque,

142 ROSES THAT BLOOM THE WHOLE SEASON.

Jaune Desprez, and some others of equal celebrity ;
they will maintain their character for a quarter of a
century to come, and should be in every garden be-
tween this and Nachitoches. This rose originated
with Monsieur Desprez, a distinguished French ama-
teur; it is considerably hybridized with the Noisette,
and like that variety produces its bright rose-coloured
flowers in immense clusters j from thirty to seventy
bloom in each when the plant is fully established,*
the foliage is a rich green, strong and handsome.
JIadam Angelina^ very perfect, pale creamy blush,
nearly the colour of the Queen, medium growth, a
free bloomer and makes a fine standard. Madam
Lackarme, very perfect, rose white flower, quite full,
in large clusters, growing and blooming freely. Ma-
dam Xtrard is of a waxy blush or fawn colour j this
new variety is as perfect as any of the family, and
will be a great favourite. Madam SoucAet, another
blush variety of elegant form shading to pink, very
pretty. Manteau de Jeanne d'Jlrc; this and Reine
du Congres have a great resemblance to each other
in colour, though different in habit, both waxy pale
blush, and though described as "tinted with rose,"
all' blush roses become tinted after being full blown.
Mrs. Bosanquety as intimated in our first edition, has
been placed among the Bourbons; it is one of the
most popular of roses; full cup-form, large pale blush,

EOSES THAT BLOOM THE WHOLE SEASON. 143

flowers, growing freely; a plant in this vicinity is
twenty-fiTe feet high and fifteen wide. Mrs. Lane,
bright rose colour, flower above medium size, plant
of free growth. Madam JWumann^ Le Brun^ Gloire
de France, or the Monthly Cabbage, appear to be one
and the same rose. I have repeatedly gone from
plant to plant, and compared flower with flower, but
could come to no other conclusion; when Le Brun
appeared with so fine a character, about eight years
ago, I tried to persuade myself it was a new rose, but
in vain ; if they are not one and the same, they are at
least perfectly similar, producing fine large deep rose-
coloured flowers of exquisite fragrance, but do not
open well in the early part of the season, or during
wet weather ; they are of strong growth, requiring
very rich soil. Marechal de Villars is a very distinct
rose, with bright rosy-purple flowers, very compact,
blooming profusely in either wet or dry soils ; it is a
good grower, and will always reward the care be-
stowed upon it ; it will grow either as a bush or pillar
rose. J^adiska, bright rosy red, pretty colour, plant
of medium growth, blooming in clusters. Paul Joseph
is a scarce variety, of a brilliant crimson colour, rich
dark foliage. Pierre de St. Cyre, a very perfectly
formed pale rose-coloured flower, blooming profusely
in clusters, plant of strong habit. Phillipar is of
a beautiful peach-blossom colour; the plant grows

144? EOSES THAT BLOOM THE WHOLE SEASON.

rapidly when well established, producing very large
clusters of flowers, rather under medium size, but in
profusion, forming a handsome pillar plant. Pourpre
Fafait, a small flower in profuse clusters, of a deep
crimson colour. Prince of Salem, bright rosy-violet,
very double, opens most freely in warm weather.
Peine des Verges is rather a fine variet}'^, of perfect
cup-form, delicate creamy blush, an abundant bloomer.
Proserpine, violet purple, the flowers are large and
well formed. Peine des lies de Bourbon, or the Queen
of the Bourbons, has been admired ever since it made
its appearance in the family; at first it was'thought
to be a Bengal. The colour is a beautiful waxy
blush, with petals perfectly formed, bold, and cup-
shaped ; a half-blown rose from this plant is loveli-
ness itself; the plant is rather dwarf in habit, but in
a proper climate and genial soil, will grow as high as
desired. Remond, bright carmine, flower fully double,
of medium size, plant of low growth. Souchet, bright
crimson, perfect cup-form, large flower, plant of me-
dium growth. Souvenir de la Malmaison is of a deli-
cate blush, flower very large, perfect form, blooming,
when well grown, in clusters, making it very conspi-
cuous, forces freely, and is one of the m^ost splendid of
the Bourbon Roses. Souvenir de Dumont d''Urville^
bright red, fading to dark crimson, globular form,
quite double, blooming freely. Sully, very brilliant

ROSES THAT BLOOM THE WHOLE SEASON. 145

crimson of good form, blooming in clusters, plant of
full foliage and rather free growth, makes a handsome
dwarf standard. Thtrtse Margate or Madam Margate
approaches "Phcenix," though perhaps not so bright;
the flowers are beautifully cupped, quite double, and
fragrant; it is of strong growth. Thtrtsita is of a
bright rose colour, perfectly double, very distinct
from any other sort, in its bushy growth and profu-
sion of bloom. Triomphe de la Duc/icre^ a free grow-
ing pillar plant, producing a profusion of rosy blush-
coloured flowers, a decided, distinct and desirable
variety. Violet de Belgique is one of the most fra-
grant of the famih^, having all the agreeable odour of
the Damask Rose; the flowers are rosy purple of noble
form, large, and double.

There are several others in this most interesting
family well deserving notice, and even very desirable
where a full collection is grown, although it must be
confessed that there exists in this tribe, great confu-
sion in regard to nam.e, and there are many instances
of the same article passing under different names in
different collections. Some of these errors have origi-
nated in this country, unintentionally, I presume ;
others have been committed in France, in sending
out the article not true to name. It must also be
conceded that our English brethren have their full

share in these practices ; and with their host of syno-
13

146 ROSES THAT BLOOM THE WHOLE SEASON.

nymes (to give them no harsher name) completely
blindfold us. Under their "Crimson Globe" we dis-
covered our friend "Or. Eoques;" and under their
crimson "Madam Desprez," or "Splendens," we see
our "Hennequin." The public have frowned down
those practices the past few years. Certainly no
reputable establishment ever was guilty of it. The
history of Roses is now so generally known, that the
mind w^ould be very vitiated to lay hold on any sub-
terfuge when bright honour is so liberally patronized.
There are also some recent additions, only know^n by
name, with whose colour and character we have yet
to be acquainted. Among them we have not a pure
white, nor a striped; till such are obtained, this finest
family of the Rose is incomplete. The Bourbons,
generally, make fine standard plants, cither on low
or high stems; as they are nearly all of strong growth,
and produce a constant succession of bloom the whole
season, they require to be highly nourished, either
with rich soils, or copious waterings with liquid ma-
nure. If on standards, the tops of them will be
benefitted if protected as advised for Tea and Bengal
roses; or the whole plant may be removed to a shaded
situation, where, after sheltering them, lay them in
by the heels, and cover them with boards; when
spring opens prune them, close, and plant them where
desired, in fresh prepared soil. This removal is even

ROSES THAT BLOOM THE WHOLE SEASON. 147

beneficial to them, for it is well known to all growers
that the Rose is improved by a change of soil, unless
it be in those deep alluvial soils that have never been
cultivated ; in such the roots run yearly in quest of,
and obtain, genial nourishment for any length of time.
But in the eastern and northern states, it is absolutely
necessary to lift the plants that are budded, and place
them under protection. Those grown on their own
roots may be well surrounded with dry leaves, which
will protect them from the sudden changes of our
winter season, in latitudes north of this; and even if
their tops be destroyed, they will push vigorously
fi-om the roots, and produce their flowers in full per-
fection. They should not be allowed to go to seed ;
remove the flower stems as soon as they are faded j
it increases the reproduction of bloom.

ke:montaxtes,

OR HYBRID PERPETUAL ROSE.

This is a new tribe, that has originated within
fifteen years, between the Perpetual and Bourbon
Roses, possessing the beauty and fragrance of the
former with the growth and foliage of the latter j

148 ROSES TH^T BLOOM THE WHOLE SEASON.

they produce an abundance of flowers from June to
November J* they open a field of pleasure to the
northern grower and amateur, which had hitherto
been reserved only to the rose fanciers of more
favoured climes. They are equally as hardy as the
common garden rose ; and by careftd cultivation,
good soil, frequent waterings in dry weather, de-
priving them of all faded flower-stems, they will
show flowers the whole season till destroyed by frost.
Their general habit is robust and vigorous to a re-
markable degree; their flowers large, perfect, fragrant,
and of almost every colour. We cannot give any
idea of the beauty they may attain to in the southern
states, where the soil is so genial to their culture, but
they cannot fail to grow and flower to the satisfaction
of the most fastidious taste. We cannot fully depend
upon the very flattering, if not extravagant, descrip-

* The high expectations formed of this new division of the
Rose have not, and will not be fully realized; they are defi-
cient in a general and constant inflorescence, even with the
richest culture and best of practice. Cutting back exuberant
shoots in early summer does not always give bloom late in the
season. We say without fear that one-half of the varieties
will not give a bloom in September and October, and those
that do flower are far from being profuse. They require to
have more of the best of the Bourbon Roses in their compo-
sition to suit the choice amateur.

ROSES THAT BLOOM THE WHOLE SEASON. 149

tions of many roses emanating from growers in every
country. The beauties of the child are most evident
to the parent ; so with the rose ; though its charms are
sweet to all, yet they are sweeter to him whose foster-
ing hand has raised it from seed. To obtain a new
variety, meriting extra notice, in this improving age,
is no paltry affair j and many, like "Queen Victoria,"
are named before their merit has been fully tested,
and sent out to the floricultural world, as it were, on
trial. But we will mention only those in which there
need be no fear of disappointment. Aricie] bright
rose, fine cup-form, large, and very fragrant. Augus-
tine Mouchelet, bright violet crimson, of rapid growth,
but not a very constant bloomer. Auhernon is an
excellent bloomer, even to profusion, with perfect
bright, rosy, carmine flov/ers. Baronne Halley, a new
rose of very bright carmine colour, flower large, per-'
feet cup-form, plant of good growth. Baro?i?ie Pre-
vost, flowers bright rose of extremely large size, plant
of free growth, foliage large, very superb. Blanche
Lamouroux, of exceeding free growth, producing its
bright rosy cupped flowers in terminal clusters. Caro-
line de Sansal, delicate rosy pink, flower large and
perfectly double, quite a rare variety. Clementine
Duval has much the character of a Bourbon, even to
its dwarfness; the flowers are quite perfect, of a bright
pink colour. Comte d^Eu, a distinct dwarf, with
13*

150 ROSES THAT BLOOM THE WHOLE SEASON.

bright carmine flowers, fully double. Comtesse Dii-
chatel cost me twenty-live francs, and is not worth
half that sum, though a good variety, with finely
cupped flowers, of a deep rose colour. Comtesse
Jaubert, pale pink with thick waxy petals of strong
growth. Coquette de Meudon, bright rosy carmine
inclining to crimson in the autumn, flower expanded
and double. Cymedor, of a peculiar scarlet crimson
colour, which the French call "Couleur de Giroflee,"
the flower fully double, and plant of excellent habit.
Comtesse Mole, delicate rosy-blush, crown form, dis-
tinct colour, fragrant. Comte de Paris has magnifN
cent large rosy-purple flow^ers, perfect in form, W'ith a
delicate fragrance, blooming superbly through the fall
months. Docteur Arnal^ flower bright rose, rather
under medium size, of cup-form, Docteur Marx has
flowers of a crimson-violet colour, and perfect, grow-
ing freely. Dr. Marjolin, bright red, beautiful cup-
form, a free bloomer, very fragrant. Due d'' Aumah
is a pale crimson rose, a strong grower and free
bloomer. Duchesse de JVemo2irs, bright rose, very
perfect form, blooming freely. Duchesse de Praslin,
blush, pink centre, flowering in clusters, foliage pale
green, plant of good growth. Duchesse de Sutherland
is not so constant a bloomer as some others, but for
rapid growth it has few equals among the tribe, and
its very double flesh-coloured flow-ers are quite beau-

ROSES THAT BLOOM THE WHOLE SEASON. 151

tifiil. Edouard Jesse has been a favourite with us
these five years, and is still admired for the beautiful
flowers, of a bright red circled by a pale tint, delight-
fully fragrant. Emma Dampiere and Fidoulme are
both superior varieties, of a dark rose colour. Fulgorie,
rosy crimson, very large and perfect, producing its
flowers in clusters like the old Monthly Cabbage, the
wood is very strong and thickly studded with prickles.
General Cavaig?iac^ bright rose, cup-form, flower large,
plant of strong growth. General ^Yegrier, beautiful
clear rose colour, very perfect form, a new and scarce
sort. Giant of the Battle, or Ge mt des Batailles, a
very decided improvement on the habit and colour of
this fam.ily of the rose, possessing more of^ the Bourbon
than any of its congeners, colour bright scarlet crim-
son, flower cup-form, blooming profusely the whole
season, foliage bright green, plant of medium growth,
very desirable. Guilhert Slater, rosy violet, cup-form,
free growth. Henri Fourth, rosy pink inclining to
carmine, imbricated flower, strong foliage. Jacques
Lajitte, flower above medium size, of a rosy carmine
colour, a constant and profuse bloomer. Lane, bright
red, perfectly formed, a constant bloomer, quite fra-
grant. Leonie Verger, flowers carmine, under medium
size, but in great profusion, very distinct. Leonore
d''Este, colour rosy pink, edged with pale blush, per-
fectly double and distinct. Lady Fordwich grows

152 EOSES THAT BLOOX THE vrHOLE- SEASON.

freely, and produces the whole season a profusion
of perfectly double flowers, of a rosy-pink colour,
with the odo'jr of the Damask Rose. Laily Peel^
deep rosy-pink colour, lovely cup-form, very double
and quite sweet scented. La Rei?ie, one of the
most superb of the group, flowers of the largest
size, colour rosy lilac, perfect cup or bowl form,
a strono; grower, fras^rant. Madam Dememe is of a

DO ' ~

rich rose colour, very large, flower cup-form, quite
fragrant, a strong grower, wath very rich foliage.
Marquise Boccella, quite a favourite, being a distinct
dwarf variety, with pale silvery blush flowers, very
double, blooming freely the whole season. Louis
Bonaparte has immense rosy-lilac flowers, fully dou-
ble, always perfect, growing with great luxuriance,
and makes a splendid plant. Madam Laffay has
large, double, exquisitely formed flowers of a rich
rosy-crimson colour, with the delightful fragrance of
the Cabbaore Kose. It orio-inated with Monsieur
Laff'ay, a celebrated rose-grower near Paris, who ded-
icated it to his wife. Madam Lamoriciere. brio-ht
waxy-pink, cupped flower, a very beautiful new vari-
ety. Madam Peupin, delicate pink colour, very
double ; the backs of the petals are blush, w^hich
when opening gives it a very distinctive character.
Joasine Hauet, a bright rosy red, flowers in clusters,
very profuse during the early part of the season, of free

KOSES THAT BL003I THE WHOLE SEASON. 153

growth, quite fragrant. Mareckal Soult is another
charming variety, of a bright rosy-purple colour, very
double, imbricated, and fragrant. Marqvis of j9ilsa,
rich rosy-crimson, full flower, and a strong grower.
Melanie Cornu^ deep crimson, fully double, a free
bloomer in the early part of the season. Mistress
Elliott^ large rosy-lilac, blooming freely, and grow-
ing vigorousl}^ Pius the J\l?ith, bright crlmt-on,
fully imbricated ; a very abundant bloomer ; as yet
scarce; quite fragrant. Pompo/i Je Ste. MadogonJey
bright rosy-violet colour ; flower under* medium size ;
plant of dwarf habit. Prince of Wales, rosy-lilac, in
large clusters, growing freely, a good bloomer. Frin-
cesse Helcne, a beautiful deep rosy-red globular flower,
possessing an agreeable fragrance, and blooms freeh'.
Prince JHherfs, magnificent rich crimson flowers are
very grand, being of the most perfect cup-form, incli-
ning to globular ; it grows strongly, and is very fra-
grant. Peine des Fleurs, large rosy-lilac flower, very
double, shading paler to the extremity of the petals ;
plant of good growth. Reine de la GuillQiiire, bright
rosy-violet, a very decided variety, of a line cupped
shape, fragrant and blooming in noble clusters. Ri-
vers has large flowers, in clusters, of brilliant crimson
inclining to scarlet ; very fragrant, and a great fa-
vourite. Robi?i Hood, bright cherry-red, globular,
very double, a free bloomer ; plant of medium growth.

151 ROSES THAT BLOOM THE WHOLE SEASON.

Standard of Marengo^ very rich deep velvety-crimson,
quite a showy flower of medium size. Sydonie^ rich
rosy- pink, -fading to the extremity of the petals ;
plant of dense foliage. Youlande d\'lrragon^ pale
rosy blush, very distinct, quite desirable in the family
among so many of a uniform rosy-red colour ; it
blooms profusely, m.akes shoots four to six ie<^i long,
and will form a fine pillar plant. These varieties
have all flowered under our observation, and are great
acquisitions to the lover of the rose. From these de-
scriptions, it will be observed that this group is yet
deficient in flowers of a pale or white colour, which
for the present is certainly a defect. Blanche was
sent to us by \'ibert as a white variety of this class,
which we found on its culture to h^elong to the Per-
petuals ; so that we are yet without a white flower in
ti.is very interesting division of the rose. With the
great facilities for propagating, and the many hands
applied to it, no rose can be, for an}^ length of time,
a rarity about Philadelphia. But no doubt there will
be many discrepancies when tested by an eye that
gives merit precedence over rarity.

This very magnificent class of the rose family can-
not be too extensively cultivated ; many of them are
U'i^ bloomers j but to have them in full perfection,
they should be deprived of a great portion of their
first blooming buds, and have a few of their shoots

KOSES THAT BLOOM THE WHOLE SEASON. 155

cut back. Indeed, the principal part of their first
buds can easily be dispensed with ; for it is then the
rosy season ; the great aim of the fancier and cultiva-
tor is to extend that season, which, with the above
sacrifice, is at once accomplished. TLese plants,
whose luxuriance and immense flowers have been the
result of hybridizing and exciting culture, deserve all
care that can be bestowed upon them. Every encour-
agement must be given to promote the growth ot the
plant, which is best done in the winter season, by
composts and manures, or in the summer by rich wat-
erings ; these waterings should not be given oftei.er
than once a week. As these roses are yet quite scarce
on their own roots, we have introduced a standard
rose, at pnge 86, to show their beauty and the effect
they have. When trained in that way they are gems
in the parterre — regular nosegays elevated to a con-
venient distance to enjoy all their beauty and frag-
rance. When there are mossy, yellow, and striped
roses in this family, rose culture will have approached
its climax.

156 EOSES THAT BLOO.AI THE WHOLE SEASON.

PERPETUAL DAMASK ROSES.

Tv,'ENTY-FivE ycars ago, this division of the Kose
was known only to a veiT limited extent, not going
beyond the old JMonllihj Damask and the Portland —
the t\pes of the group, which in that short period
have become so extensive, and varied in colour and
character, that the parentage of many is difficult to
point out. But unfortunately there are those that
pass for perpetualy which, with all our art, we cannot
cause to produce even a second blooming in the sea-
son, except by demolishing all the buds they form in
June to make them flower in September. Many of
them have another feature of obstinacy, and this is,
that in rooting by layers, they nearly all t; ke two
years lo form rootlets; we have, in consequence,
either to graft or bud them on other roses at any
desired height. Several of them were brought into
notice before the famous Bourbon Roses, and were
looked upon as the ne pins ultra of the Kosary. The
perfection and beauty of many of their flowers can-
not be denied, and their stiffness of habit is not
unpleasant when properly placed. The best form
to glow them is on standards, from six inches to

ROSES THAT BLOOM THE WHOLE SEASON. 157

four feet high. They are perfectly hardy in all lati-
tudes where the Damask Eose will grow. In bleak
situations, where the thermometer falls frequently be-
low zero, the stems are greatly benefitted by a cover-
ing of straw or matting. The rods that support
standards should be put on the south side of the plant ;
the strong sun is thereby warded off the stem, which
is beneficial, both in summer and winter. What we
have said in regard to the rich culture required for
Remontante roses is equally applicable to the Per-
petual.

Among the many, we have selected those that are
most distinct, and such as have the greatest tendency
to give a succession of bloom, ^ntigone^ bright rose,
very perfect ] a profuse and constant bloomer ; quite
fragrant. Blanche Vibert, pure white, imbricated and
fully double, a constant bloomer ; plant subject to
mildew in cloudy weather. Anti7ious^ whose deep
purple-crimson flowers remind us of some of our old
Gallica roses ; it is quite double, perfect, and fragrant.
Bernard^ or Perpetual Pompom, is a lovely pink rose,
of exquisite form, all the petals being like so many
beautiful shells neatly put together ; it is very similar
to Josephine Antoinette, but they are distinct. Billiard
is larger than the former, and more of the rose colour,
perfectly double, fragrant, a profuse bloomer. DK^n-
gerSj though an old variety, still retains its character
14

158 KOSES THAT BLOOM THE WHOLE SEASON.

of a constant bloomer, with large flowers of a pale
rose colour. Duchesse de Rohan, bright rose, flower
very large, compact, and double. Due d^Enghien
proves very desirable, being distinct both in its pale
fleshy colour, and in its character of growth, and a
free bloomer. Du Roi, or Lees Crimson ; it is about
thirty years since this famous rose was grown trom
seed in the gardens of one of the royal palaces near
Paris, remaining comparatively obscure, and was con-
sidered a rare article in England in 1831, where I
first saw it growing, carefully surrounded with rods to
keep its admirers at a distance. In 1832 or 1833, I
imported it as ihe gem of the day, and it is still ad-
mitted to be the King of Perpetuals, blooming pro-
fusely and perfectly from June till Christmas ; the
colour is bright red, (not crimson,) a perfectly formed
flower, with all the fragrance of the Damask Kose j
and without any extra pruning, never fails to bloom
the whole season, — richly deserving a place in every
garden. Du Roi Striee or Striped Crimson Perpct-
2ia!, is of a dark rose colour, with occasional faint
stripes of blush, a full and perfect flower, but not a
constant bloomer. Elene is the darkest of the per-
petuals, of a fine violet colour, " la plus foncee de
Tesf ece"— " the darkest of the kind." This 25 franc
plant is not so dark, so fine, nor so profuse as Pri?ice
Albert, which costs only 50 cents. Indigo ; this

Roses that bloom the whole season. 159
•■ • • • . .1 I V

name is intended by the grower (LafTay), to convey
the required colour. He has sent out to the rose
world many very magnificent sorts, and not a few-
very indifferent, even v/orthless varieties. This indigo
affair has half double flowers of a dull slaty colour,
not worth culture, having no attraction whatever.
Isaure Lablee gives a beautiful succession of perfectly
delicate pink flowers, very fragrant. Jeamie Hachette^
if not the most constant, is the largest rose of the
group. I have measured it six inches in diameter,
very double, fragrant, of a pale rose colour, and is a
strong grower. Jenny Audio does well on its own
roots, making a perfect dwarf, with very large flowers
of a dark rose colour; but when budded it grows
much stronger. Jostphine Antoinette, is a free bloom-
er, with flowers of the most perfect form, of a rosy
pink colour, and delightfully fragrant. Lady Sey-
mour is a new variety, occasionally spotted with
blush, on a bright rose ground ; quite fragrant, and of
a perfect form. La Gigantesque, rosy pink, an ex-
tremely large full flower ; plant of good growth, very
fragrant. La Gracieuse, or Volumineuse^ is very dis-
tinctive in flower and growth ; is quite thorny, and
grows freely ; the flowers are perfectly double of a
pale rose colour. La Mienne^ or Ghire des Perpet-
uelies, is a free bloomer throughout the season, with
red flowers, of exquisite form, and very sweet scented.

160 ROSES THAT BLOOM THE WHOLE SEASON.

Queen of Perpetuals deserves its namej its flowers
open finely, of a pale rose colour, blooming freely all
the season, holding its place with Du Roi in every
character. Lodoiska Marin has been long esteemed
for its profusion of large pale flowers, blooming free-
ly, quite double, and in clusters, showing well in the
distance. Louise Puget^ pale rosy lilac, an excellent
grower, giving a profusion of bloom, very fragrant,
cup-shaped. Minerva^ [pale rose colour, very large
flower, with beautiful cupped petals, quite sweet scen-
ted. Mogador is a very dark crimson variety, fre-
quently shaded with purple, flowers finely rounded, of
cup-form. Alenstrualis, a very brilliant rose-coloured
variety, with expanded perfectly double flower, of
strong growth, and upright habit. Madam Triideaux
(Boll), an American sort of a dark violet purple
shade, large imbricated flowers produced in profusion,
and giving a fine autumnal bloom. Monstrueuse, or
Grande Belle, at first sight would be taken for Jean fie
Hachette, but it is darker in colour, and is not so large
as that variety ; it is also a strong grower, and will
train into any form as a standard. Olivier de Serves,
centre of the flower bright rose, circumference pale
blush, very beautiful and perfect ; foliage luxuriant.
Palmire, or Blush Perpetual, is still esteemed as a
free bloomer, and the colour is very desirable in this
class, which is very deficient in lisht colours. Port-

ROSES THAT BLOOM THE WHOLE SEASON. ]6l

land Blanc, however, is pure white, a rose of large
size, perfect in form, quite fragrant, and a good grow-
er ; it is yet scarce, but a few seasons will make it
nearly as plentiful as any other variety. Prtval is of
a pale flesh colour, cup-shaped, very perfect, a profuse
bloomer, fragrant and highly esteemed. Prudho?mn&
has been always a favourite for its brilliancy and fra-
grance, giving a succession of flowers of perfect form.
No good JStriped Perpetual Hose has yet appeared.
Quatre Saiso?iSj or Monthly Damask, has been long an
inhabitant of our gardens, where, when established,
and well nourished, it gives a great profusion of its
delicate pink flowers, in clusters, the whole season.
Its fragrance, also, is so agreeable, that it makes it a
great favourite with all. The Quatre Saisons Blanc,
or White Monthly Damask, is not so constant a bloom-
er as the former, rarely putting forth a succession of
flowers, unless in very rich light soil. The Perpetual
White Moss has already been noticed, but we may
here say that it is a " Sporty" as florists term it, from
the White or Pink Monthly Damask; plants of it
having been known to assume the habit of those va-
rieties. Requien is a very distinct rose, the flowers
expanding large and flat, very double, of a pale flesh
colour, with very strong foliage and habit. Sapho,
pale blush, a very double imbricated flower, quite
fragrant; plant of a spreading habit. Scotch Perpet-
U*

162 ROSES THAT BLOOM THE WHOLE SEASON.

■ual does not bloom so constantly as we might expect
from the name ; yet it gives occasional clusters of
flowers of nearly a white colour, during the summer
months ; its foliage, too, is very distinct from any of
those named ; it has more of the brier character, and
is very similar in growth to the old Scotch Rose.
Stanwell is an English variety ; a true Perpetual,
blooming profusely and constantly the whole summer,
till late in the season. Its habit is also like a Scotch
Rose, with large double pale blush flowers of exquisite
fragrance.

It will be observed that this family, like the Bour-
bons and Remontantes, does not contain a genuine
striped variety, so that the hybridizer and amateur
have yet a large and neAv field open to their opera-
tions. We would suggest that Rose du Roi Striee
and Blanche Vibert, together with Du Roi and the
White Monthly Damask be fertilized j these seed
abundantly, and with the culture we have recom-
mended, the seedlings will bloom in three years.
Some have advanced that the finest roses from seed
are always the longest in flowering, when there is
any tardiness observed, a few buds can be put into
stocks, which will hasten their inflorescence.

ROSES THAT BLOOM THE WHOLE SEASON. 163

ROSA MICROPHYLLA,

OR SMALL LEAVED ROSE.

There Is nothing in the whole family that we have
been engaged upon, so distinctive in flower and
character as this group. The plants of the true
Microphylla Rose are very beautiful; when in foliage,
their small pinnated leaves are so unlike any other
plant (except perhaps a Locust tree in miniature)
that they are both interesting and agreeable, li has
been known twentj^-five years in Europe, having
been brought from China, and supposed by some to
have originated in that country from the old Macart-
ney Rose. I consider it, however, a distinct species,
in every particular, and this can be proved b}^ any of
my readers who maybe fortunate enough to save seed
from it. The produce (if not intermixed with others)
will be pure Microphylla roses, retaining the character
of foliage, spiny calyx, with single, half double, and
perfectly double flowers, nearly all of a dark rose
colour. The first of this rose, as we believe, was
imported by us in 1830, and it is now extensively
cultivated in every section of the country. Recent
importations, denominated Microphylla, can barely

164 ROSES THAT BLOOM THE WHOLE SEASON.

be recognized as such. The popularity of the old
variety has given circulation to many of the inferior
new ones, which, after having been seen in bloom,
are frequently thro'.vn aside as worthless. They are
generally hardy, in dr}' soils giving a succession of
flowers throughout the season. They are adapted for
training against fences, or low out-buildings, or they
may be formed into handsome bushes of any shape ;
but a hedo-e of them is the beau ideal of the flower
garden, which all may enjoy in any latitude south of
this. The following sorts are worthy of all requisite
culture, and will grow freely in an}" rich soil, avoiding
low wet situations. Carnea or Rosea, is the old variety
known as the JMicrophylla Rose; its character is
unique, with small neat dark green foliage. The
flowers are large and very double, of a rose colour,
produced at the extremity of the young shoots, in
twos or threes, according to the strength of the plant;
the calyx (the green cup round the base of the fl.ower)
is thick and prickly; hence it is called the "Burr
Rose." Coccinea, and the beautiful dark variety Ru'
bra, are in every particular the same, except the
latter being darker in colour. J\"eio White Micro-
phylla would be a very desirable variety, but the pre-
sent subject is only a pale blush and very mediocre
at that ; foliage similar to the old microphylla. Rubra
Variegata does not merit the variegated distinction,*

ROSES THAT BLOOM THE "WHOLE SEASON. 165

the circumference of the flower is merely shaded.
These all have the peculiar prickly flower bud. Pur'
fmrea is of a purple-crimson colour, very large, wnth
the growth and habit of all the former, except the
calyx being destitute of the prickles so characteristic
in the others. Violacta has also a smooth calyx j the
flowers of a violet-purple colour, quite double. The
plant is of upright growth, and quite luxuriant. The
following varieties are all hybridized with other sorts,
and do not form handsome plants for bushes or stand-
ards, but are well adapted for training to poles, co*
lumns, or trellising. Alba Odorata or the Double
White MicrophyUa^ grows very luxuriantly, frequently
making shoots eight or ten feet long in one season ;
and in warm soils, w^here the season extends from
March to December, they will no doubt grow twenty
feet. The flowers are very large and double, of a
yellowish-white, very fragrant, and look beautiful
among the dark green foliage; as a white climbing
Rose for pillars, verandas and arbours, it has no
equal, and should have an appropriate spot in every
garden or cemetery. Hijbrida is also a strong grower,
with double flow^ers of a rosy purple colour. Luxem-
bourg appears to be a hybrid from some of the
Noisettes, of w^hose character it greatly partakes ;
the floweis are in clusters of a dull purple, very
double, and a little fragrant. Maria Leonide has

16G ROSES THAT BLOOM THE WHOLE SEASON.

much of the Macartney Rose habit ; the foliage nearly
round, quite dark green and shining, with a tinge of
red on the young wood -, the flowers are sweet scented,
of a creamy- white colour, with a delicate blush centre.
There are several others classed among these, which,
as far as known to us, are either entirely worthless?
or are so like those described, that it is questioned
whether they are not the same ; this is not surprising,
for we have grown many of them from seeds, and all
were either entirely single, or so much like the parent,
that they could not be distinguished from it; with the
exception of JRubra and Purpurea, which have origi-
nated with us. A pure white, bright scarlet, yellow,
or striped variety, would be a great acquisition. We
would therefore urge upon cultivators and amateurs
the propriety of sowing every seed, never despairing
of the results till the object is accomplished. Lovers
of the rose in the more northern states will find this
family entirely too tender for out-door culture, unless
surrounded with a quantity of dry leaves. They will
not prosper if lifted every year from the ground and
put away, as directed for Tea and Bengal Roses; but
"where a green-house, or even dry cellarage, is accessi-
ble, they will grow magnificently in large pots and
tubs, making a superb ornamental plant for placing
in summer in any conspicuous situation. .

ROSES THAT BLOOM THE WHOLE SEASON. 167

ROSA MOSCHATA.

THE MUSK SCENTED ROSE.

The Musk Clusur rose is an old inhabitant of our
gardens. Botanists consider it a distinct species, and
have named it from the peculiar and agreeable odour
it exhales in the evening, and in the cool autumnal
months, which is the season that it flowers most abun-
dantly, in large clusters, of a yellowish-white colour.
There are single, semi-double and fully double varie-
ties of it; the latter is the variety generally cultivated.
It is a native of India, from whence it was introduced.
From the seed of this plant the grand family of the
Noisettes originated. Though it is more delicate than
the generality of those plants, yet the same system ot
treatment recommended for them may be adopted
with the Musk Clusters. We have had several roses
introduced to our notice, under the head of Musk
Scented^ but they have nearly all proved worthless —
mere "cumberers of the ground." However, a few
deserve a passing remark before we close our descrip-
tions of the rose. Herbemont'' s Musk Cluster^ pure
white, very large, fully double, blooming the whole
season in large clusters and in great profusion, one of

168 ROSES THAT BLOOM THE WHOLE SEASON.

the very best of the group. Pink Musk Cluster has
flowers of a pale pink colour, quite double, though the
petals are rather loose j the plant grows very strong,
and partakes greatly of the Noisettes. Princesse de
j\''assau is a pure Musk Eose, of a yellowish-white
calour, very double, though not so profuse as some
others. Ranunculus Musk Cluster is a pure white,
perfectly double; so very much so, that it does not
open well in moist weather; the musky odour is not
so strong in this as in the old variety. Rivers Musk
Cluster^ flowers small in clusters, of a rosy white
colour, very fragrant, foliage pale green, plant of
rather free growth. They do well to be trained to
pillars, fences, or trellises. In the eastern states
they must be well protected in the winter season,
covering their roots with a quantity of dry leaves.
They delight in dry situations and rich soil. There
is great room for improvement in this group, and we
call the attention of cultivators and amateurs to it,
that they may yet bring to view flowers of more per-
fect character and of more brilliant colours than any
of the preceding, and even possessing, in a greater
degree, the odour which appertains to the original
species. It is true we have the Pink Musk Cluster^
Red Musk Cluster^ Frazerii^ and some others, but as
we have already said, they are w^orthless.

CULTIVATION OF ROSES IN POTS. 169

CULTIVATION OF ROSES IN POTS

FOR THE GREEN-HOUSE OR ROOMS.

A SELECTION, for this purpose, should be made from
the Tea, Bengal, and Bourbon families, all on their
own roots, or budded very low. Presuming that
these roses are already in pots, or to be procured
from the nurserymen in the small* pot they are
general^ grown in for sale, they should at once be
placed into those of six inches in diameter, carefully
and freely watered, during July and August, cutting
off all the flower buds they show in the latter month.
About the middle of September, shorten the over-
grown shoots, and thin out the slender ones, turn the
plants out of the pots, depriving them of some of the
soil, and repot in those of seven inches diameter,
using a compost of sand, turfy loam, and manure
in equal proportions ; they will also grow admirably
in the black soil, from the woods, composed princi-
pally of decayed leaves ; put several pieces of broken

* The plants for winter blooming should be ordered from
the venders of an extra size ; the very small plants sold at
low prices would defeat the object.

15

170 CULTIVATION OF ROSES IN POTS.

crockery in the bottom of the pot, then a portion of
soil; place the plant so that its surface roots should
be under the rim of the pot, and then fill all round
with the soil ; put them in a situation partially
shaded, — water sparingly, till they begin to grow —
then expose them fully to the sun and water freely
every day. There they may remain till the middle
or end of October, and in the south till November,
w^hen they should be removed to the green-house or
rooms, for flowering. Previous to their removal, the
pots should be washed, and the plants neatly tied up.
Thus treated they will mature all the buds they will
then show, and produce a profusion of flowers again
in January and February. Where there is the con-
venience of charcoal, it Avill be found of prime utility
in rose pot-culture, broken to the size of nuts and
about one-fifth mixed with the soil ; the roots will
delight to ramble through it, and the foliage will be
of a richer and darker green ; the surface of the soil
must have frequent stirrings. The plants must be
carefully examined, and whenever infested by the
aphis, or green-fly, they should be destro3ed, if in
the green-house, by tobacco smoke. But, if in rooms,
that method cannot be well adopted, for the odour
would penetrate into every part of the dwelling.
They should in that case be brushed off into a pail
of water J or the safest plan will be to make a sfronff

CULTIVATION OF ROSES IN POTS. 171

tea of tobacco, fill a pail with it, and while in a tepid
state invert the plant therein, holding the hand or a
cloth over the surface of the pot to prevent the earth
from tumbling out. Roses in pots are wonderfully
benefited by a watering of manure water about once
in two weeks. This water is very easily prepared
either in town or country. The droppings from the
horse or cow stable put into a large tub or barrel,
with water kept over it for a week or two, occasion-
ally stirred up; the water then poured or drawn off
for use about the colour of good tea ; or one quart of
PouDRETTE, put into three gallons of water — stir it a
few times, — in two days it will be fit for use. A new
species of manure from the Islands of the Pacific,
called Guano, the deposit of sea-fowls that has accu-
mulated for centuries, is very valuable for making
liquid manure. A pound, in five gallons of water,
allowed to stand at least twenty-four hours before
using, will be found very nourishing, applied once a
w^eek only when the plants are in a growing state.
When required for the open ground, any of these
liquids may be made stronger, or used more frequently.

172 I^'SECTs INJURIOUS to the eose.

INSECTS INJURIOUS TO THE ROSE.

There are several very destructive, and in some
seasons their depredations almost overpower the ope-
rator. In the eastern states, the Slug nearly destroys
every leaf. A remedy against its ravages, brought
into notice by Mr. Haggerston, late gardener of J. P.
Gushing, Esq., is to take two pounds of whale oil
soap, dissolved in fifteen gallons of water, and to
syringe the plants therewith in the evenings till
the insects are destroyed. The plants must also be
syringed with clean water in the mornings, or the
cure would be almost as destructive and offensive
as the disease. After the plants are clean, stir up
the soil to refresh it from the effects of the waterings.
Green-fly is easily destroyed by tobacco water, applied
with the syringe in the evening, and again with jRire
water in the morning. This insect is most trouble-
some in city gardens, where the birds cannot feed
upon it.

Brown's Fumigator is a very simple portable instru-
ment for the distruction of this pest, so prevalent
amongst roses ; the whole force can be brought to bear
upon any plant in any situation by covering the plant

INSECTS INJURIOUS TO THE ROSE. 17 3

with a sheetj if against a fence, or when fully ex-
posed, all round ; place a covering over it in the
form of a tent, then introduce the nozzle under the
covering, and by a simple turn of a handle, the
tobacco smoke is delivered cool in a dense mass, an
with the greatest safety in the hands of any operator.
The implement is also indispensible in fumigating
green-houses, wardrobes, ships, or dwellings during
epidemic diseases. It can be used as well for purpo-
ses of perfuming with lavender, cinnamon, or other
aromatic herbs. The Rose Bug is another very de-
trusctive enemy, which can only be kept under by
handpicking; they are found upon the flowers as soon
as open. There is also the worm that destroys the
bud before it opens. We seldom observe this in the
country, but in some seasons it abounds in the city
or town gardens, and must be extirpated by the hand.
There is yet another ; a fly in the early part of
June, deposits its egg near the surface of the ground,
into a strong young shoot, and is not discovered till
July or August, when we see its effects from the
dropping of the top of the young shoot. As soon
as this is noticed, cut off* about twelve inches of it,
and the little grub will be found in its centre, which
if allowed to remain will come out under a leaf, near
the top, drop into the ground, and live again to renew
its depredations the following season.
15*

174 MILDE^V ON THE ROSE.

MILDEW ON THE ROSE.

Under artificial culture, this disease is frequently
observed, or, as some writers term it, the effects of
tlie disease j very few agree as to its origin or character.
From our observation it appears to be most common
v/here extremes of temperature prevail; even in the
open air this is plainly seen; in July or August, we
occasionally have a few cold nights, succeeded by
rain and warm weather, and as certainly as that kind
of weather occurs, as certainly does the mildew follow.
It is rarely seen in our collection of roses, few of
which are kept in high temperatures, and when it
appears, a few syringings of sulphur water are ap-
plied, which destroys jt. We prepare sulphur water,
by placing in a small barrel a piece of unslaked
lime, about the size of a double fist, with five or six
pounds of flowers of sulphur, on which we pour a
few gallons of boiling water, cohering it up for an
hour, when we stir it, till the whole of the sulphur
has fallen to the bottom. After settling, we pour off
the water for use, putting about a quart of it to the
gallon for syringing. A recent writer says, he uses
one ounce of nitre to one gallon of water, with whicii
he syringes the plants once In ten days, and finds it
an effectual cure.

PROPAGATION OF KOSES 175

PROPAGATION OF ROSES

THAT BLOOM THE M-HOLE SEASON.

These may be propagated by budding, grafting or
layering as directed for roses that bloom in June ; cs
we have before said, the latter method is preferable,
and makes very permanent plants. They are also
extensively propagated by cuttings, which is the plan
that now calls for our special notice. There are two
periods of the season, June and Septem.ber, in which
this mode can be adopted extensively and successfully,
with the families of Bengal, Tea, Noisette, Bourbon,
and Remontantes Roses; (Perpetual succeed best by
budding.) In May or June, as soon as the young
shoots have shed their first flowers, they will be in a
proper state for use. The cuttings may be made from
two to four inches long, having at least three joints or
buds, from the lower end of which cut off the leaf
and smooth the bottom end, with a sharp knife, direct-
ly under an eye, leaving the other leaves untouched ,-
the cuttings may then be inserted about one and a half
or two inches into very sandy soil, either in pots or
in the ground ; if in a frame, so much the better.
Shade them from the sun during the day, and give
them gentle sprinklings of water. They must also be

176 THAT BL003I THE WHOLE SEASOX.

protected from heavy drying winds, and fully exposed
to the dews of the night, which are very genial to
them. In about three or four weeks they will be
rooted, and may either remain where planted till au-
tumn, or be at once transplanted into pots, and placed
in the shade till they have taken fresh root. These
cuttings will make fine plants for the next stason,
and by extra culture may be made fine plants for
blooming in the green-house during winter. Cuttings
taken off in September, and planted in a very shaded
situation, will be well rooted in the following spring,
and may then be transplanted into any part of the
garden. The latter period will be the best for all the
southern states, and the former for the eastern states.
Indeed cuttings can be taken off and may be propa-
gated successfully, at any period of the season, when
the plant has just ceased to bloom, which is the grand
criterion for propagating the rose. In some soils of a
close vsandy nature, all that is required is merely to
put in a small piece of a shoot, in moist cloudy weath-
er, where it is shaded from the direct raj's of the sun,
and it will root in a few weeks without any other care.
Where there is the convenience of a forcing house,
or hot-bed of manure, there is another period of the
season when the rose may be extensively propagated,
which is practised to a very great extent by nursery-
men who commence forcing roses in February. As

PROPAGATIOX OF EOSES 177

soon as they show bloom the shoots are cut into cut-
tings of two eyes each, and planted into very small
pots, of very sandy soil ; these are placed into a close
warm hot-house, or hot-bed, in a moist temperature of
70'^ to 80^, where they will root in from two to three
weeks, and are frequently sold within six weeks from
the time they were planted. The very scientific
have resorted to another mode of multiplying, which,
with many sorts, makes strong plants in a very short
time. They take the roots of common roses, that are
about the size of a small quill, and cut them into
kngths of two or three inches, whereon they graft a
single eye from the young wood, (by the method of
whip grafting,) plant them into pots, wl.ich they
place into a close hot-bed or house, as above stated,
where they grow instantly, frequently making a fresh
growth within two weeks from the time of planting.
Single eyes are also planted up to the base of the
leaf, partially covering the eye, in pots of fine sand,
subjecting them to the same hot-bed tre:itment ; these
also root freely, but take some time before they make
strong plants. When these tender cuttings are made,
they must be carefully sh:ded from the sun, and
must be sprinkled with tepid water every even-
ing. When they have made a fresh growth they
should be removed to another frame or house, with
gentle heat, and h ive air every day to harden them ;

178 THAT BLOOM THE WHOLE SEASON.

in a week or two they will be fit for larger pots, to
grow therein all the summer, or planted into the open
ground in May.

Amidst the lovely creation of the floral world, none
combines so many attractions as the Eose, and we hope
that our simple remarks on its propagation will enable
all, who may desire it, to increase any part of the
family they happen to possess. If tried once, and
successfully, the experiment will, no doubt, be renew-
ed, and an innocent pride indulged in increasing the
power of ministering to one's own taste, or of grati-
fying that of a friend. Many suffer a latent predi-
lection for these fascinating pursuits to die away, from
the idea of not possessing the skill requisite for culti-
vating plants; others think of the expense they would
be led into by an unwarrantable indulgence. If the
more fortunate or more skilful amateur knows of
such persons, he will greatly promote both their men-
tal and bodily welfare, by presenting them with a few
plants of easiest culture, to prove lo them how easy
it is, not only to nurture, but to multiply their sources
of pleasure, as healthful as it is innocent. If any of
our readers have a spark of this taste within them, we
say, cherish it as you would cherish z. friend. To the
ladies especially, a love of floriculture brings with it,
in every period of life, a train of pure enjoyments.
Whilst the city belle blushes her delight at the sight

PROPAGATION OF ROSES 179

of the magnificent bouquet destined to grace her fair
hand in the haunts of pleasure — the face of the coun-
try maiden glows with still purer satisfaction as she
presents to a parent the rose which her own care has
brought to perfection. And the mother! — how many
lessons of wisdom can she impart to her children
whilst instilling into their young minds the love of
this healtiiful pursuit, and teaching them to look up
from the wonders spread around them, to Him who
gave the rose its hue. To the time-stricken matron
also, even after age has deprived her of the active
enjoyments of this taste, many pleasures still remain j
under the shade of some far spreading tree, she can,
from her rustic seat, enjoy the sight of well planned
arrangements, executed under her own superinten-
dence, or surrounded by some favourite plants, inhale
the fragrance which comes to her blended with sweet
recollections of the pleasing toils which insured their
present luxuriance. But it is to those who have
known sorrow and affliction (and who has not ]) that
the love of flowers and gardening comes like a boon
from heaven, to shed its soothing influence upon the
heart. In showering upon this earth such profusion
of blossoms of every odour. God has permitted us to
bask, as it were, in his visible smiles, and every
Christian will love him better for loving the glowing
proof of that goodness which disdains not to minister

ISO THAT BLOOM THE WHOLE SEASON.

to every innocent pleasure of his creature man. We
feel we have perhaps digressed too far, but every
lover of horticulture will understand how we have
been led away ; and to others we can only repeat,
" Try to love flowers — learn to cultivate them j — it
will make you happier, it will make you belter.

INDEX

Abbe Meillon, 90.
Abricote, 108.
Acidalie, ]37.
Adelaide d'Orleans, 16.
Admiral de Rigney, 93.
Adam, 108.

A Fleurs Blanches, 63.
Africaine, 49.
Aglae Loth, 121.
Agrippina, 123.
Aimee Vibert, 90.
Alba, 21, 90, 133.

Odorata, 165.

Alice Leori, 45.

Alzand, 90.

Amadis, 14.

Amourette, 137.

Amourin, 49.

Amenaide, 137.

Anne Maria, 29.

Antigone, 157.

Amaena, 109.

Amarantine, 137.

Andre Thouin, 55.

Angelique Quetier, 43.

Angle, 33.

Anteros, 108.

Antherose, 108.

Antinous, 157.

Anne Beluze, 137.

Archduchesse Theresa Isabel,

108.
Archduke Charles, 121,
Arethusa, 55.

Armosa, 140.

Arance de Navaro, 121.

Aricie, 149.

Arsione, 121.

Arsenie, 121.

Astrolabe, 26.

Aubernon, 149.

Augus ine iMouchelet, 149.^

Hersent, 126. \

Lelieur, 137. «■

Aurora, 49, 117.

Baltimore Belle, 28.
Banksiana Alba, 19.

Lutea, 19.

Banksia Vif, 19.
Barbot, 109.
Baron de Stael, 49.
Baronne Prevost, 149.
Baronne Halley, 149.
Blanche Lamouroux, 119.

Vibert, 157.

Blanche, 154.
Beauty Bouquet, 63.

o$ Prairies, 28.

Beau Carmin, 122.
Becquet, 63.
Belladonna, 61.
Belle Africaine, 49.

Amabile, 50.

d'Esquermes, 91.

de Florence, 122,

de Monza, 12^.

Isidore, 122,

182

INDEX.

Belle Marie, 64.

Marguerite, 109.

Marseillaise, 91.

Parabere, 63.

Rubine, 57.

• Ruineuse, 41.

Theresa, 64.

Bdluze, 137.

Bekic, 40.

Beikal Triomphant, 128.

Beweze, 55.

Befnard, 157.

Bicolor, 55.

Bijou, 13-3.

Billaird, 157.

Bishop, 50.

Blairii, 64.

Black Tuscany, 53.

Blanchefleur, 63.

Blush Perpetual, 160.

Blush Moss, 43.

B^snard, 122.

B^ Ginneure, 64.

Bo'feqaet de Flore, 138.

de Lisle, 55.

Boule de Neige, 59.
Boulogne, 91.
Bougere, 109.
Bourbon Moss, 46.
Boutrand, 109.
Brennus, 64.
Buret, 109.
Buffon, 50.

Cabbage, 40.
Caprice des Dames, 133.
Camellia Rouge, 91, 104.
Camelliaflora, 122.
Cameleon, 122. *
Camaieu, 55.
Cardinal Fesch, 138.
Carmine Brilliant, 50.
Carmine Cluster, 96.
Carmine d'Yebles, J 22.
Carnea or Rosea, 164.
Carassana, 96^
Caroline, 109.
Caroline de Sansal, 149.

Catel, 64.
Celestial, 33.
Celestial Sweet Brier, 33.
Celicel, 64.
Celimene. 138.
Cels, 122.
Cesoiiie, 64.
Charlemagne, 138.
Champion, 50.
Champneyana, 91.
Champney's Pink Cluster, 91
Charles Raybaud, 109.

the Tenth, 91.

Souchet, 138.

Chatelaine, 64.
Chardon Bleu, 50.
Chilicothe multiflora, 29.
Chloris, 92.
Chrornatelle, 91.

Clara Wendel, 92.

Sylvain, 109.

Claudia. 110.
Clementine Duval, 149.
I Clifton Moss, 46.
Cloth of Gold, 91.
|Coccinea, 164.
Caelestis, 96.
Comtesse Jaubert, 150.
de Muirinais, 45.

Comte de Nanteuil, 138.

Coquette, 123.

Comice de Seine et Marne,

138.
Comte d' Eu, 149.

de Paris, 110, 150.

de Rambuteau, 138.

Comtesse Duchatel, 150.

de Grillon, 92.

Orloff; 92.

Mole, 150.

de Resseguire, 138.

Conque de Venus, 92.
Coquett de JNIeudon, 150.
Cora L. Barton, 92, 97, 104.
Coronation, 50.
Cosimo Randolphi, 55.
Coup d' Amour, 65.
Coup d'Hebe, 95.

INDEX.

183

Cramoisi Superieur, 123.
Crested Provins, 41.

Moss, 41.

Cricks, 41,

Crimson or Damask Moss, 43.

Globe, 139.

Cymedor, 150.

D'Angers, 157.
D^Andigne, 65.
Daily Rose, 124.
Deuil du Due d'Orleans, 138.
Delice de Flanders, 05.
Delphine Gaudot, 111.
Desprez d'Arcole, 94.
Desgaces, 138.
Devoniensis, 110.
Docteur Arnal, 150.
Dove Rose, 67.
Doctor Roques, 139.
Docteur Marx, 150.
Dr. Marjolin, 150.
Don Carlos, 123, 129.
Donna Maria, 16.

Sol, 50.

Double Striped Sweet Brier,
33.

Red Sweet Brier, 33.

Yellow Proviijs, 35

. Moss, 35.

White HHip, 33
Microphylla,

165
Striped Moss', 45

Due d' Aumale, 150.

de Cases, 65.

de Choiseul, 50.

d'Enghein, 158.

d'Orleans, 111.

Duchess of Kent, 123.
Duchesse de JNIecklenbourg,

111,

de Nemours, 150.

d'Orleans, 40.

de Praslin, 150.

de Rohan, 15S.

de Sutherland, 150.

Duchesne, 40.
Du Luxembourg, 92.
Dumont de Courset, 139.
Dupetit Thouars, 139.
Du Roi, 158, 160.
Du Roi Striee, 158
Dutch Provins, 40.
D^Yebles, 139.

Ebene, 158.
Eclat des Roses, 50.
Edouard Jesse, 151.
Edward Defosse, 139.
Egerie, 65.
Efegans, 26, 29.
Eliza Sauvage, 111.

50.

L'eker, 50.

Elemensie, 50.

Emlie Courtier, 139.

Emeline, 65.

Emma Dampiere, 151.

Enfant d'Ajaccio, 139.

Etienne, 111.

Etna, 123.

Eugene Beauharnais, 127.

Pirolle, 93.

Hardy, 123.

Euphrosine, 93.
Eva Corinne, 29.
Evergreen Multiflora, 18.

Fabvier, 66, 123.

Fanny Bais, 51.

Fanny Parissot, 51.

Fedora, 139.

Ferrugineuse, 44.

Felicite Perpetuelle, 16.

Fellenberg,.93, 104.

Fidouline, 151.^ •

Flavescens, 111.

Fleur de Jeune Age or Lamar

que a C(zur Rose, 93.
Fleurette, 66.
Flora Perfecta, 69. ,
Floralie, 112.
Fortunes Yellow, 25.

1S4<

INDEX.

Fontenelle, 55.

Frazerii, 108.

Fragoletta, 112

Freiich Yellow Noisette, 94.

Fill gens, 65.

Fulgorie, 151.

Garland, 24.

Geant des Batailles, 151

General Cavaignac, 151.

Dubourg, 139.

Dronat, 45.

Lamarque, 69.

Negrier, 151.

Oudinot, 140.

Soyer, 123.

George Cuvier, 140.

the Fourth, 66.

Georgia, 66.

Giant of the Battle, 151.
Gigantea, 123.
Gigantesque, 112.
Globe Hip, 59.
Gloire, 133.

de France, 143.

Hardy, 112.

des Jardines, 51.

de Pans, 140.

des Perpetuelles, 159.

de Rosamene, 139, 140

Goubaull, 112.
Gracilis, 14.
Grand Bercann, 41.
Grande et Belle, 128.
Grand Triomphe, 61.
Grandiflora, 19, 96.
Graulhie, 23.
Grevillia, 21.
Grillony, 66.
Gros Charles, 123.
Guilbert Slater, 151.

Hamon, 112.
Hardy, 112.
Harrisonii, 36.
Helvetius, 67.
Hennequin, 140.
Henri Fourth, 151.

Henry Clay, Boll, 140.

Plantier, 141.

Herman Kegel, 45.
Herbermont's Musk Cluster,

167.
Hercules, 51.
Hermosa, 140.
Hersilie, 55, 140.
Hippolyte, 112.
Hogg's Yellow, 36.
Hortense Beauharnais, 51.
Hortensia, 124.
Hundred Leaved Daily, 125.
Hybrida, 26, 165.
Hybride de Bengal, 63.

Noisette, 63.

d'lle de Bourbon, 63.

Hybrid Provins, 68.
Hymenee, 132.

Icterose, 125.
Indica, 63, 124.
alba, 124.

Indigo, 158,
Imperial, 61.
Inermis, 14.
Isabel, 51, 108.
Isaure Lablee, . 159.

Jane, 29.

Jacques Lafitte, 151.

Plantier, 125.

Jack^onia, 125.
Jaune Desprez, 93, 94.
Jeanne Hachette, 56, 159.
d' Arc, 94, 98.

Jenny Audio, 159.

Joasine Hanet, 152.
! Joseph Deschiens, 125.
j Josephine Antoinette, 159.

Josephine Malton, 112.
! Julia, 94.
j Julia Dante, 94.
i Julie de Fontenelle, 141.
IJulianna, 51.

Julia de Loynes, 94.

Julie Mansais, 112.

Jupiter, 141.

INDEX.

185

129.

93.

King of Hybrids, 59, 68.

Rome, 51.

France, 126.

La Biche, 95.
Lactans, 95.
La Cyemens, 125.
Lady Canning, 141.

J|prdvvich, 151.

Peel, 152.

Stuart, 67.

Seymour, 159.

^arrender, 125,

Lavinie d'ost, 141.
Leonie Verger, 151.
La Favourite, 51.
La Gigantesque, 141.
Leonore d'Este, 151.
La Folie de Corse, 61.
La Gracieuse, 159.
L'lngenue, 67.
Lamarque, 95, 104.

a coeur Rose^

of Luxembourg, 66.

La Mienne, 159.

La Miniature, 133.

Landreth's Carmine, 96.

La Nayade, 67.

La Negresse, 52.

La Nymphe, 95.

Lanzezure, 64.

La Pactole, 96.

La Reine, 152.

La Superba, 128.

La Sylphide, 113.

La Tourterelie, 67.

Laure Davoust, 22.

La Victorieuse, 101.

La Ville de Bruxelles, 61.

L'Abbe Berleze, 55.

Le Brun, 143.

Leda, 61, 64.

Lee, 96.

Lee's Crimson Perpetual, 1 58.

Le Grenadier, 141.

La Phoenix, 141.

Leveson Gower, 141.

Lodoiska Marin, 160.

Lord Nelson, 67.
Louise Colet, 44.
Puget, 100.

Louis Bonaparte, 152.

Philippe, 67, 125.

Lutea, 97, 99.
Luxembourg, 165.

Moss, 44.

Lyonnais, 112.

Macartney Rose, 163.

Madame Aude, 142.

Angelina, 141.

Byrne, 97, 99.

Breon, 126.

Cottin, 52.

d'Arblay, 24.

Dememe, 152.

I Desprez, 113, 141.

Galet, 113.

! Hardy, 59.

Hersent, 120.

Jovin, 97, 99.

Lacharme, 142.

Laffay, 152.

Lamoriciere, 152.

xMargat, 145.

Neumann, 143.

Nerard, 142.

Peupin, 152.

Plantier, 67.

Souchet, 142.

Tradeaux, Boli, 160.

Maheka, 14.

Maid of Orleans, 52.
- Brussels, 52.

Malvina, 44.
Malesherbes, 56.
Malton, 65, 67.
Mansais, 113.
Manteau, 142.

de Jeanne d'Arc, 142.

Marechal Bugeaud, 114.

. Soult, 153.

de Villars, 143.

Marquise Bocella, 152.

of Ailsa, 153.

Marceau, 5Q.

186

INDEX.

Maria, 98.

Leonida, 165.

Marjolin, 126, 12'J.
Master Burke, 134.
Matilda, 45, 52.
Mathilde de Mondeville, 61.
Meillez, 12G, 129.
Melanie Cornu, 153^
Melsherba, 56.
Melville, 114.
Menstrualis, 160.
]Michigan. 14.
Minos, 56.
Minerva, 160.
Microphvlla, 163.
Miss Befl, 126.

Sergeant, 126.

Mohilida, 52.

Mogador, 160.

Moire, 114.

Mondor, 114.

Monime, 55.

Monstrosa, 96.

Monstrueuse, 160.

Monthly Damask, 61, 161, 166

Cabbage, 143.

Moss de Meaux, 45.
Mottled Moss, 44.
Mrs. Bosanquet, 142.

Elliott, 153.

Hovey, 29.

Lane, 143.

Pierce, 29.

Siddons, 98.

Multiflora, 21.

Cels, 123.

Myrianthes, 16v

Nadiska, 143.

Napoleon, 112.

Ne Plus Ultra, 67.

New White Mycrophylla, 161.

Narbonne, 52.

Nevia, 29, 90.

New Yellow Tea, 96.

Nonpareil, 52.

Niphetos, 114.

Nisida; 114.

CEillet Flamand, 56.

Odorata, 98, 114.

Olivier de Serres, 160.

Ophire, 98.

Ornement de Parade, 52

Orloti; 98.

Oscar Foulard, 44.

Pceony Noisette, 128. «
Painted Damask, 61.
Pallagi, 67.
Pallida, 28.
Palmire, 160.
Panachee Pleine, 45, 56\
Double, 57.

Parni, 67.

Pauline Plantier, 114.
Paul Joseph, 143.
Perpetual Michigan, 28.

Red Moss, 45.

White Moss, 46, 161.

Pompon, 157.

Pellonia, 115.
Perle des Panachees, 56.
Persian Yellow, 36.
Petit Annie, 98.

Pierre, 67.

Phaloe, 98.

Philippe Quatre, 52.

Philhpar, 143.

Philadelphica, 19.

Pierre de St. Cyre, 143.

Pictorium, 101.

Pink Musk Cluster, 168.

Pius the Ninth, 153.

Polivetis, 52.

Pompon, 45, 133.

Pompon de st . Radogonde, 153.

Pompone, 98.

Feu, 44.

Ponceau Parfait, 51.
Ponctuee, 44.
Portland Blanc, 160.
Poupre de Vienne, 52.

Striee de Blanc, 56.

Fafait, 144.

Preval, 161.
Pretty American, i;

INDEX.

187

Pride of Washington, 29.
Prince Albeit, 153, 158.
de Chimay, 56.

Charles, 126.

Eugene, 126.

d' Esterhazy, 115.

of Wales, 153.

of Salem, 144.

Princess, 67.

Royal, 45.

Princesse Clementine, 59.

Helene Modeste,115.

Luxembourg

165.

• de Nassau, 173.

Maria, 115.

Adelaide, 46, 115.

Helene, 153.

Prolifere, 44, 51, 67.
Proserpine, 144.
Provins Moss, 44.
Prud-homme, 161.
Purpurea, 14, 165.

Quatre Saisons, mousseux, 46,

161.
Quatre Saisons, blanc, 161.
Queen of Bourbons, 144.

— Lombardy, 129.

Violets, 52.

France, 126.

Perpetuals, 160.

jReve du Bonheur, 115.
Remond, 144.
Renoncule Ponctuee, 57.
Requien, 161.
Rivers, 153.

Musk Cluster, 168.

Victoria, 64.

Rachael, 69.
Ranunculus, 52.

MuskCluster, 168,

Red Moss, 43.

Musk Cluster, 168.

Reine Caroline, 41.

■ — des Fleurs, 153.

des lies de Bourbon, 144,

des Beiges, 59.

Reine de Lombardie, 127.

Victoria, 116.

de la Guillotiere, 153.

du Congress, 142.

des Verges, 141.

Robin Hood, 153.
Roi des Cramoisis, 127,129.
- Beiges, 112.

Roman, 116.

Rose de Pile de Bourbon, 125.

of Five Colors, 127.

vif Ponctuee, 51.

Rouge, 44.

de Luxembourg, 44.

Rosa Mundi, 54.
Royal Bouquet, 53.
Ruban Pourpre, 127.
Rubens, 127.
Rubra, 164.

Variegata, 164.

Ruga, 25.

Ruse Blanche, 24.

Russelliana, 22.

Sablee, 46.

Safrano, 116.

Saint Francois, 53.

Sandeur Panache, 68.

Sanguinea, 128.

Sans Sepales, 46.

Sapho, 161.

Scotch Perpetual, 161.

Semperflorens, 128.

Sempervirens plena, 16.

odorata, 17.

Sextes Propinas, 68.
Smithii, 99.
Solfatare, 104.
Sophie Cottin, 52.

d'Houdedot, 68.

Souvenir de la Malmaison, 144.

de Navarino, 53.

deDumont d'Urville,

144.
d'une Ami, 116.

jSouchet, 144.

- d'Anselme, 139.

188

INDEX.

Standard of Marengo, 154.
Star of Jupiter, 141.
Stanwell, 162.
Strombio, 116.
Stadtholder, 68.

• sinesis, 68.

Striped Crimson Perpetual, 158
Susannah, 53.
Superba, 29, 100.
Sulphurea, 35.
Sully, 144.
Sydonie, 154.

Taglioni, 116.

Tea, 114.

The Chrysanthimeflora, 96.

The a Fleurs Jeune, 126.

The Pactole, 96.

Thebe, 116.

Theodore de Crose, 51.

Therese Margat, 145.

Theresita, 145.

The Happy Dream, 115.

Tricolor Superba, 57.

Triomphe d u Luxembou rg, 1 1 6,

de Bolhviller, 17.

— d'Angers, 68.

de Gand, 128.

des Noisettes, 96.

de la Duchere, 145.

Triomphant, 128.
Triumphant, 29.
Turgot, 117.
Tuscany, 53, 68.
Noisette, 68.

Unique, 40.

de Provins, 44.

Velours, 68.
Vesuvius, 128.
Vicomtesse de Cazes, 117.
Village xMaid, 57.
ViridiHora, 128.
Victoire d'Aumy, 100.
Victor Hugo, 69.
Victoria Modeste, 117.
Victorieuse, 100.
Violet Episcopal, 68.

de Belgique, 69, 145.

Violacea, 165.
Virginal, 128.
Vitellina, 101.
Vieillard, 44.
Volumineuse, 159.

Watts' Climbing China, 69.
Celestial, 69.

Washington, 101, 129.
Wellington, 69.
White Bath, 46.
Boursault, 14.

Banksia, 19.

China, 111.

Climbing Globe [Jnique,

63.
Monthly Damask, 61,

161.

Provins, 40.

William Wallace, 117.

Wongmoueheong, 20.

Wood Cut of Standard Rose, 86.

Yellow Tea, 111.

Sweet Brier, 33, 36.

Youlande d'Arragon, 154.
York and Lancaster, 61.
I'orkshire Provins, 41.

THE END

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