TH

R O 5

H.B.E1LWANGER

GIFT OF
W. E. Smyth

THE ROSE

A TREATISE

ON THE CULTIVATION, HISTORY, FAMILY CHARACTER-
ISTICS, ETC., OF THE VARIOUS GROUPS OF
ROSESfWITH ACCURATE DESCRIPTIONS
OF THE VARIETIES NOW GEN-
ERALLY GROWN

H. B. ELLWANGER

>i

WITH AN INTRODUCTION BY

GEORGE H, ELLW ANGER

REVISED EDITION

NEW YORK

DODD, MEAD & COMPANY

COPYRIGHT, 1882,
BY DODD, MEAD & COMPANY.

COPYRIGHT, 1892,
B\i .DO.DJD, MEAD «&: QOMPANY.

/•*••• • ••*. / ••

. ••• • • ••

I DEDICATE THIS BOOK TO MY FATHER,
GEORGE ELLWANGER,

WHO HAS DONE SO MUCH TO IMPROVE HORTICULTURAL
TASTE, AND INCULCATE A LOVE FOR THE BEAUTI-
FUL. HE HAS EVER TAUGHT, AND PROVED
BY HIS LIFE, THAT MUCH OF THE
PUREST HAPPINESS IS FOUND
IN ACTIVE EMPLOYMENT
IN THE GARDEN.

M97495

CONTENTS.

PAGE

INTRODUCTION 9-21

PREFACE, » 23-24

I. — CLASSIFICATION 25-27

II.— THE FAMILIES OF ROSES IN GEN-
ERAL CULTIVATION, . . . 28-66

III. — TECHNICAL TERMS, . . . 67-70

IV. — POSITION AND SOIL, . . . 71-75

V. — PLANTING AND PRUNING, . . 76-82

VI. — MANURES, 83-86

VII.— INSECTS AND DISEASES, . . 87-98

VIII. — PROPAGATION, .... 99-106

IX. — EXHIBITING ROSES, . . . 107-113

X. — ROSES UNDER GLASS, . . . 114-126

XI. — VARIETIES FOR SPECIAL PURPOSES, 127-133

XII. — RAISERS OF THE BEST ROSES, . 134-155

8 CONTENTS.

XIII. — THE SEED PARENTS OF VARIOUS PAGE
ROSES, 156-161

XIV.-— PERMANENT COLORS. TOO-MUCH-
ALIKE ROSES. How TO DIS-
TINGUISH BETWEEN SIMILAR
VARIETIES, .... 162-173

XV.— TYPICAL ROSES, .... 174-185

XVI. — RAISING NEW VARIETIES, . . 186-198

XVII. — PUBLICATIONS ON THE ROSE, . 199-202

APPENDIX — OLD AND NEW ROSES, . . 203-227

CATALOGUE OF VARIETIES, , . . 228-308

THE ROSE

I saw a Rose-lud ope this

morn — / sivear
The blushing morning opened

not more fair.

COIVLEY.

INTRODUCTION TO REVISED EDITION.

O comprehensively and intelligent-
ly has the theme been treated in
the following monograph by one
who was eminently qualified to
render it justice, that little remains to be said
of the Rose in general. But during the past
decade since " The Rose" was written by the
late Henry B. Ellwanger, a host of new varie-
ties have been produced and disseminated in
the United States and in Europe. Those
which have proven themselves most worthy to
be retained have been included with their de-
scriptions in the subjoined catalogue, the ad-
ditional varieties being indicated by an aster-
isk. Additional works on the subject, and
magazines and periodicals relating to it, have
also been carried out to date.

A review from the Century Magazine, en-
titled " Old and New Roses," which appeared
the year following the publication of this
volume, and but a month previous to the au-

io, INTRODUCTION.

thor's death, has also been included, through
tf-e courtesy of the editor? of that periodical.
This essay, dealing as ic does with numerous
vital points connected with the development
of the Rose, will be found most comprehen-
sive and instructive, not only by the general
reader, but by the skilled rosarian as well.
Apart from these additions, the original text
of the volume has been left as it first appeared.
With the increasing love for flowers, year
by year rose-culture has steadily advanced
in this country where, in its extended and
varied area, the climatic requirements of
this flower are scarcely excelled, while its
intelligent cultivation under glass is else-
where unsurpassed. Indeed, cut-flowers of
most kinds are nowhere grown to greater
perfection, and nowhere are more expense
and pains bestowed in their development
than by the florists in the metropolis and the
larger cities of America. For flowers are no
longer considered a mere luxury to be en-
joyed by the wealthy, but have come to be
regarded as a necessity to the well-being of
even the modest home. The sentiment ex-
pressed by Jesse, " the passion for flowers is
one of the most enduring and permanent of
all enjoyments," has not changed, but has
rather been heightened a hundred-fold in

IN TROD UCTION. 1 1

these our modern days, in the same manner
that an increased love for external Nature has
become a marked characteristic of the age.

We are perhaps no nearer now than when
the present volume was written in being able
to decide upon the loveliest species and vari-
ety of the Rose. Moreover, the best rose
under glass is not the best rose grown out of
doors ; while, in any event, to pronounce upon
color might be at the sacrifice of form and
fragrance, in numerous cases —

The rose looks fair, but fairer we it deem
For that sweet odor that doth in it live.

Even were a few kinds singled out from
the multitude for a general estimate, each of
which possessed exceptional claims for rec-
ognition, the florist would decide upon one,
the average person upon another ; just as one
might declare the Rose, another the violet,
lily, or primrose the sweetest flower. To be
restricted to any one form or color were irk-
some, withal, even in the case of individual
species —

Earth hath no princelier flowers
Than roses white and roses red,
But they must still be mingled.

The Rose is no exception to the charm of
variety. Yet many of the fine old kinds are

1 2 IN TROD UCTION.

comparatively neglected, if not entirely lost,
jostled and thrust aside by the increasing
horde of newer aspirants.

How many a country home owes its out-
ward charm not only to its coronal of lilacs,
honeysuckles, and snow-balls, its pomp of
Paeonias, roses of Sharon and trumpet-vine,
but to its climbing roses most of all — the
blush-colored Baltimore Belle and rose-red
Queen of the Prairies which festoon its pillars
and entwine its arbors. Can any new variety
exhale a sweeter perfume than the roses of
our childhood — the old white Damask, pink
Cabbage, and common Moss whose scented
petals perchance remain fragrant still in the
haunting essence of the rose-jar? Even the
pink clusters of the rambling Michigan rose,
and the spicy foliage of the Sweetbriar bring
up an old garden with its pageant of daffo-
dils, sweet Williams, snow-pinks, and Ma-
donna lilies ; its troops of columbines, lark-
spurs, bearded Irids, and bachelor-buttons;
its blaze of hollyhocks, tiger-lilies, dahlias,
and sunflowers. The first June rose ! emblem
of summer, symbol of sweetness, hue of
beauty — with each succeeding year it blos-
soms fresh and beautiful as when Sappho
crowned it with praise, and the nightingale
wooed it in the gardens of Naishapur.

INTRODUCTION. 13

Fortunately, the Rose is not confined to
summer, though the class known as "sum-
mer" roses is indeed fleeting. But many of
the hybrid-remontants, which include a large
number of the loveliest and most fragrant
kinds, disburse a second autumnal bloom;
while in the open air and under glass com-
bined, the Rose in some of its multifarious
forms may be said to bloom the year round.
Essentially it is the flower of the year, as
well as the flower of the poets.

Not every one can afford a greenhouse in
which to grow flowers during winter; very
many, on the other hand, may enjoy their
culture in the open air. No garden, it goes
without saying, however beautiful and how-
ever rich its assortment of hardy shrubs and
flowers, is complete without its June rosary.
Like the majority of flowers and most things
that are worth the having, the Rose, as the
guerdon of its beauty, demands attention and
loving care. Left to itself, enemies and
scourges innumerable, from the first opening
leaf to the last withered petal, come to prey
upon it ; not only marring its beauty but im-
pairing its vitality. The rose-chafer, green-
fly, leaf-roller, and rose-slug, to say nothing
of mildew and the red-spider, are still as
abundant as ever and require the same vig-

14 INTRODUCTION.

orous treatment of whale-oil soap, quassia,
tobacco, hellebore, sulphur, and Paris green.
A huge syringe, intended to be attached to
the garden hose, and charged with any of
these insect dynamos, according to the will of
the operator, is a recent invention that will
be welcomed by all rose-growers. Armed
with this, it is claimed that death may be
meted out by wholesale to the insect scourges,
if the remedy be persistently applied. For in
rose pests, one brood of insects is far from
making a summer, and unremitting warfare
is the price of abundant bloom and vigorous
foliage.

As producers of new roses, the French con-
tinue in the lead, though an extremely large
proportion of recent French varieties are
mediocre or useless for general cultivation,
or resemble so closely other well-known sorts
as to be of no increased value in themselves.
The incentive to produce new kinds, it should
be remembered, is especially great in France,
where twenty-five francs apiece is demanded
for a novelty which may be good, bad, or in-
different, but whose description is invariably
couleur de rose. Not that in the majority of
cases they are sent out with the deliberate
design to deceive — the Rose owes too much to
Gallic intelligence, enthusiasm, and pains for

INTRODUCTION. 15

a charge of this nature to be made. But to
the raiser, a new variety, fostered by his care
and travail, naturally possesses enhanced at-
tractions which may not be equally percepti-
ble to the public ; while new things are always
apt to be more attractive at first sight than
upon closer familiarity.

The English, who come next as producers
of new roses, continue to send out some ex-
cellent novelties ; and, with our own growers,
exercise better care and more reliability in
selecting than the French. America has
contributed largely those kinds suitable for
forcing under glass ; and of American roses
produced of recent years, it may be said
they are nearly all valuable as proved by
general cultivation.

Among new roses there has been nothing
better produced in their respective classes
than Baroness Rothschild and Mme. Gabriel
Luizet in pink, La France in silvery rose,
Mabel Morrison in white, Marechal Niel in
yellow, Catherine Mermet in delicate blush,
Gloire de Dijon in rose-salmon, Marie Rady
in fragrant and vivid vermilion, and General
Jacqueminot in its brilliant scented crimson
bud. Other new varieties have been added,
to be sure, possessing especial merits. Of
distinct sorts recently introduced may be par-

16 INTRODUCTION.

ticularly instanced : Teas: Mme. Hoste (Guil-
lot, 1887), Mme. de Watteville (Guillot-fils,
1884), Mme. Pierre Guillot (Guillot, 1888),
Papa Gontier (Nabonnand, 1883), Queen (Din-
gee & Conard Co., 1890), Climbing Niphetos
(Keynes & Co., 1889), Climbing Perle des
Jardins (J.Henderson, 1890). Hybrid Remon-
tants: American Beauty (Hon. G. Bancroft,
1885), Earl of Dufferin (A. Dickson & Sons,
1887), Gloire de Margottin (Margottin, 1887),
Lady Helen Stuart (A. Dickson & Sons, 1887),
Mrs. John Laing (Bennett, 1887). Hybrid Ru-
gosa: Mme. G. Bruant (Bruant, 1888). Bour-
bon: Mrs. Degraw (Burgess, 1887). Hybrid
Tea: Meteor (Bennett, 1887). Polyantha:
Clothilde Soupert (Soupert & Notting, 1890).
Of the numerous varieties produced since
the present volume was written, few possess
greater claims to recognition than the rose
raised by the author .and named by him after
the distinguished jpomologist, Marshall P.
Wilder — one of the most fragrant, beautiful,
and free-flowering of the hybrid-remontant
class, and equalled by few roses as an autum-
nal bloomer. By many, American Beauty,
supposed to be a cross from Mine. Victor
Verdier and a Tea of unknown origin, is re-
garded as the finest of roses. In its class it
is certainly unrivalled, with its immense fra-

IN TR OD UC TION. 1 7

grant blossoms, beautiful violet-red color,
long stems, and luxuriant foliage. But it is
essentially a rose for growing under glass,
and cannot take the place of numerous old-
time favorites as an out-of-door flower. Of
comparatively recent introduction, Papa Gon-
tier, in like manner, is greatly prized by
florists for winter forcing, though to the ama-
teur it scarcely takes the place of its deli-
ciously-scented rosy rival, Bon Silene.

The improvements in the Rose may be best
understood on .comparing the monographs
and catalogues of the present day with the
lists of a half-century ago, and more espe-
cially with the lists as given by the old garden-
masters like Gerarde, by whom it is extolled
as " deserving the chiefest and most principall
place among all floures whatsoever." How
would Herrick and Waller have hymned its
praises could they have beheld and savored
the roses of to-day ! For what improvements
have not been made in the Queen of Flowers
since the Elizabethan poets sang, " Go, lovely
rose," and " Gather ye rosebuds while ye
may !"

So many varieties now exist, however, that

growers should exercise redoubled care in

sending out anything as a novelty which does

not possess intrinsic merits of its own. It

2

1 8 IN TROD UC TION.

may still be reiterated that among the thou-
sands of varieties included in the genus Rosa,
there exist far too many similar colors, and,
equally, too many varieties whose color fades
with the first warm sun, though many of the
latter class prove more satisfactory when
grown in a moist, cool climate. There
might be an abundant weeding of varieties
possessing a purplish-magenta shade, to the
decided advantage of both growers and gar-
dens. Too little attention also is paid in the
raising of new varieties and in deciding the
merits of exhibition roses, both here and
abroad, to one of the most precious virtues of
the Rose — fragrance —

. . . The coming rose,

The very fairest flower, they say, that blows,
Such scent she hath.

A blue rose has not yet been produced.
But it is not improbable that in the evolution
of this favored flower, a variety with a pro-
nounced bluish cast, at least, will some day
smile upon its sisterhood, the result of the
skill of the hybridizer, or the work perchance
of the wandering bee. The most recent ex-
periments of the hybridizer, in this case Lord
Penzance, is a cross known as hybrid sweet-
briars, the fragrance of the leaves of the par-

INTRODUCTION. 19

ent species being transmitted to the hybrid.
Of these seedling sweet-briars, the result of
various crosses, those crossed with hybrid
perpetuals or remontants, hybrid Chinas, and
hybrid Bourbons, have proved to be free au-
tumnal bloomers with highly-scented flowers
in clusters, a scent quite independent of that
of the foliage. These flowers, to which an
award of merit was accorded by the Royal
Horticultural Society the past season, range
over many beautiful shades of color, and al-
though they have not shown great tendency
to become double, two rows of petals being
the maximum, the idea of achieving double-
ness has not been given up.

As to the question of budded roses versus
those grown on their own roots, there still
exists a difference of opinion. In the case of
certain kinds desirable in themselves, but not
over-robust in habit, the budded rose, i. e. ,
the variety budded on Manetti stock, endures
better the heat of summer, produces more
abundant bloom, and forms a more vigorous
plant. Of roses for forcing in this country,
the following may be mentioned as represen-
tative kinds, although in respect to choice of
varieties, florists differ somewhat, in different
localities; while even in the same locality
some succeed admirably with certain kinds,

20 INTRODUCTION.

where others fail. A large proportion of the
following are grown by nearly all leading
florists throughout the country : Teas: Bride,
Bon Silene, Catherine Mermet, Mme. Cusin,
Mme. Hoste, Mme. de Watteville, Niphetos,
Papa Gontier, Perle des Jardins, Sunset.
Hybrid Teas: Duchess of Albany, La France,
Meteor, Souvenir de Wooton. Hybrid China:
MagnaCharta. Hybrid Remontant: American
Beauty, Anne de Diesbach, Baroness Roths-
child, General Jacqueminot, Mabel Morrison,
Mme. Gabriel Luizet, Mrs. John Laing, Paul
Neyron, Ulrich Brunner.

When well grown under glass, few roses
equal Souvenir de la Malmaison for its deli-
cate refined beauty, and the delicious attar-of-
rose fragrance exhaled by its flesh-colored pet-
als— a fragrance observable in a less degree in
Caroline de Sansal and some other varieties.
Marechal Niel, in like manner, has no equal in
its splendid yellow full-blown flower, and its
highly Tea-scented perfume ; but it is unfortu-
nately limited to a single lode of gold during
the season. With regard to odors, great vari-
ety exists among the different kinds — some
recalling a luscious fruit in their particular
fragrance, others exhaling a spicy aroma, and
others still comparable to nothing else but
the pure uncloying odor of the Rose itself.

IN TR OD UC TION. 2 1

As for out-of-door roses, who may state the
favorites among so many of the fair? Let
each one decide their merits for himself ; and,
revelling in their wealth of beauty as it un-
folds with each recurring blossom-tide, re-
peat with Omar :

Look to the blowing Rose about us — " Lo,
Laughing," she says, "into the world I blow,
At once the silken tassel of my Purse
Tear, and its Treasure on the Garden throw. "

GEORGE H. ELLWANGER.
ROCHESTER, Oct., 1892.

PREFACE.

HERE have been so many works
on the Rose produced within the
past twenty years, several of them
being very valuable and interest-
ing, that a few words may not be out of place,
to explain why it was thought desirable to
add to the number. The most useful of these
compilations are English works, but the dif-
ferences of climate, etc., render necessary,
for this country, a modification and change
in the directions for culture. The same rea-
sons will lead us to select a somewhat differ-
ent list of varieties for general cultivation
from what would be chosen by English Ro-
sarians ; besides all this, there is the expect-
ant feeling which impels all authors, that the
half has not been told, that in a subject like
this no compilation can ever be deemed per-

24 PREFACE.

feet or final. New varieties, new classes and
types, are being produced; by experience
we learn that modifications of old-established
principles are often necessary, and therefore
fresh gleanings from the Rose garden will
ever be acceptable and interesting when
coming from observing and loving devotees
of La Reinc.

While, therefore, this book neither expects
nor desires to supersede its predecessors, it
asks admission to their fellowship, hoping
that it contains enough that is distinctive and
of merit to be considered companionable.

H. B. E.

MOUNT HOPE NURSERIES, ROCHESTER, 1882.

THE ROSE.

I.

CLASSIFICATION.

O two books, treating of the rose,
exactly agree as to the different
groups tinder which roses should
be classed, and those who expect
some slight variance in this work from what
has preceded it, in other compilations, will
not be wrong in their conjectures.

There has been such an infinitude of
crosses made between different groups, by
means natural and artificial, that it would be
rather remarkable to find two writers who
would assign the same varieties through-
out, to the same classes. So it is that,
by the various conjectures and opinions of
the different authors, much confusion and
perplexity has been engendered. Some,
in order that the character of a variety
25

26 THE ROSE.

may be known as nearly as possible, form
many groups, classes, divisions, and sub-
divisions— enough to make the head of
the reader swim in a sea of perplexity;
others, in order to avoid a multiplicity of
groups, narrow the classification to a few
divisions, and, in so doing, bury completely
the distinguishing characteristics of a variety.
The former, besides arranging Hybrid Per-
petuals into groups of Hybrid Noisettes and
Hybrid Teas, further divide them into such
groups as Hybrid Bourbons, Rose de Roso-
mane, Rose de Trianon, etc. The latter
would place all these among Hybrid Perpet-
uals. I confess to leaning towards this lat-
ter class ; but where we have distinguishing
characteristics that are very marked, and
other new varieties of the same or similar
peculiarities are following, it seems desir-
able to provide a distinctive name and divi-
sion for them. Thus, when Guillot intro-
duced La France, it was appropriately placed
among the Hybrid Perpetual Roses, although
known to have originated from the seed of a
Tea Rose. It would have been unwise to
make a class for the exclusive benefit of this
beauty, trusting that worthy companions
might in the future be found for her; but
now that we have Cannes La Coquette, Ches-

CLASSIFICATION. 27

hunt Hybrid, Mme. Alexandra Bernaix, and
those of Mr. Bennett's raising, it seems not
only desirable but necessary to group them
by themselves. The same is the case with
the Hybrid Noisettes; both of these classes
are being added to annually, and are now of
very great importance. On the other hand,
such groups as the Hybrid Bourbons are
rapidly receding from prominence, and in
order to simplify matters their disintegration
should be made complete ; the different varie-
ties that are deemed worthy of being retained
can be placed among the Hybrid Perpetuals
or the Bourbons, according to their more
prominent characteristics.

II.

THE FAMILIES OF ROSES IN GENERAL CULTI-
VATION.

PART I.— SUMMER ROSES.— Those
which bloom but once during the season,
in the months of June and July.

CLASS i. — CLIMBING OR SARMENTOUS ROSES.

The Ayrshire Rose (Rosa Arvensis Hybri-
da). — These roses, of English origin, are of
slender, rapid growth, having five leaflets,
often running fifteen or twenty feet in one
season, and are of use in covering buildings,
unsightly objects, etc. They are somewhat
less hardy and less valuable than the hybrid
climbers and prairie roses. They do not re-
quire rich soil, and should be pruned very
little, or not at all. Bennett's Seedling,
Queen of Ayrshires, Queen of Belgians, and
Ruga, are the leading sorts.

The Banksia Rose (Rosa Banksia) is a na-
tive of China, named in honor of Lady Banks
by the botanist Robert Brown. It was
28

ROSES IN GENERAL CULTIVATION. 29

brought to England in 1807. The flowers,
very small, resembling double cherry
blossoms, are produced in clusters early in
the season, and have, generally, a decided
violet perfume; indeed I doubt whether
many persons, if blindfolded, could by the
odor distinguish them from violets. The
wood is very smooth, slender, and of rapid
growth. The leaflets are often but three in
number, are long, dark, and lustrous. Not
being hardy they can have no great value at
the North, but in the Southern States they
form a very desirable group. The best
known sorts are Alba Grandiflora, Fortunei,
White and Yellow. They should be spar-
ingly pruned.

Boursault Rose (Rosa Alpind). — This is a
distinct but worthless group, which receives
its name from M. Boursault, a Parisian rose
amateur. Most of the varieties are free from
thorns and have long, flexible, reddish-
colored shoots. Amadis, or Crimson Bour-
sault, is the one most esteemed.

The Evergreen Rose (Rosa Semperuirens),
with seven leaflets, has much in common
with the Ayrshire, but is characterized by
dark green foliage, which is retained till dis-
lodged by heavy frosts ; they are of the same
hardiness as the Ayrshires and require the

30 THE ROSE.

same freedom from the prtming-knife ; the
knife should only be applied to cut out en-
tirely shoots that require thinning. There
have been several pretty varieties of this
group sent out, but Felicite Perpetuelle is
perhaps the best representative, and the only
one we would commend for cultivation.

Hybrid Climbing Roses (Rosa Hybrida Scan-
dens). — This class takes in those sorts for
which it is difficult to find a group where
they can be appropriately placed ; it gathers
in waifs and is a kind of orphan asylum, a
place of refuge for the abandoned and un-
known. No varieties in this group are of any
great value; the old sorts, Mme. d'Arblay
and the Garland, once the best known, are
now almost forgotten. Those which are
most grown are Fortune's Double Yellow, re-
cently sent out under the name Beauty of
Glazenwood, and La Saumonee.

The Many-Flowered Rose (Rosa Multiflord),
five to seven leaflets, is a native of Japan, in-
troduced into England by Thunberg in 1804.
It flowers in clusters, and continues for some
time in bloom ; the flowers are double, small,
and of no great beauty. The shoots have
comparatively few thorns, which come in
pairs. De la Grifferaie is in England con-
sidered valuable as a stock on which to work

ROSES IN GENERAL CULTIVA TION. 31

the climbing teas and some other roses ; we
believe it may be good for this, it is not good
for anything else. Grevillia, or Seven Sis-
ters, generally sent out tinder the latter
name, is propagated to considerable extent in
this country, and is principally called for by
tree peddlers, who make large sales of it, by
means of exaggerated colored plates, accom-
panied by untruthful descriptions. It is as
tender as the Tea-scented Noisettes, and is in
every way inferior to them.

The Prairie Rose (Rosa Setigera or Rubi-
folia [erroneous]) is much the most valuable
of all the non-remontant climbers. It is
indigenous to the country, being found in
Michigan and many of the Western States.
Seeds of the common variety were sown
about 1836, by Messrs. Samuel and John Feast
of Baltimore. The seedlings from this sow-
ing were fertilized by surrounding flowers,
from some of the best varieties of roses
grown at the time, and from this lot came
Baltimore Belle and Queen of the Prairies,
the two best-known sorts. The foliage is
rough, large, 5 to 7 leaflets, generally of a
dark green color; for rapidity of growth
they equal or excel the Ayrshires, and sur-
pass all other climbers in hardiness. They
bloom in large clusters late in the season,

32 THE ROSE.

when other summer roses are past and have
gone their way, and succeed over a greater
extent of territory than any other climbers.
Although decidedly inferior in quality to
the Tea-Noisettes and Climbing Teas, their
hardiness and superior vigor of growth make
them of great value where the more beautiful
members of the sisterhood are too delicate in
constitution to be made useful. When, then,
it is desired to cover walls, trellises, old trees,
unsightly buildings, etc., with roses, none
will be found to do the work so efficiently as
varieties of the Prairie Rose. It is very de-
sirable that further development of this im-
portant class should be found; we should
endeavor, by artificial fertilization, to pro-
duce hybrids, blending Hybrid Perpetual,
Bourbon, and Noisette with the Prairies.
This, with the more double varieties, is some-
what difficult, as I found in experiments made
under glass last winter. I attempted to fer-
tilize blooms of Baltimore Belle, Gem of the
Prairies and Queen of the Prairies, by differ-
ent varieties, such as General Jacqueminot,
Safrano and Solfaterre, but the only seed I
obtained was from one bloom of Gem of the
Prairies fertilized by General Jacqueminot.
The pistils of the Prairie Roses are glued to-
gether, as it were, and make fertilization

ROSES IN GENERAL CULTIVATION. 33

very difficult; Gem of the Prairies, itself a
hybrid, is the only one on which seed is often
found in the open air, therefore we should
probably be far more successful in making
crosses by using some of the more single
varieties.

The most desirable of the class are Anna
Maria, Baltimore Belle, Gem of the Prairies
(the only variety that is fragrant), Queen of
the Prairies, and Triumphant. Baltimore
Belle is the most beautiful, but seems to
contain some Noisette blood, which makes
it less hardy than the others ; it is sufficiently
robust, however, to withstand all ordinary
winters. The Prairie Roses, like all climb-
ers, should be sparingly pruned.

CLASS 2.

Austrian Brier (Rosa Lutea). — This is a na-
tive of the South of Europe, having single
flowers, of a yellow or coppery-yellow color ;
leaflets 7 to 9 in number. The shoots are of
a chocolate color, well fortified with spines.
It is very hardy, and from its color and hardi-
ness offers inducements to the hybridizers,
but they will find some difficulty in getting
it to seed. These roses must not be severely
pruned or there will be an utter absence of
flowers; it is only necessary to cut away
3

34 THE ROSE.

shoots that are decayed or need thinning and
merely pinch the tops of shoots that are left.
It is a small but interesting family, and gives
us the only hardy yellow roses that are of
value. There are three varieties worth
growing, the Copper, Harrisonii, and Persian
Yellow. The foliage of this class has a slight
odor like the Sweet Brier.

The Damask Rose (Rosa Damascend) is
found native about Damascus and various
portions of Syria, from whence it was brought
to Europe about 1573. It is in a large degree
the founder of the Hybrid Perpetual Roses.
From this class, and also from the Provence,
most of the rose-water is distilled. The
Damask have pale green leaves (5 to 7 leaf-
lets), green shoots, with numerous spines,
are of vigorous growth, and very hardy ; the
flowers are mostly flat, of light colors, and
very fragrant. They need but little pruning.

Mme. Hardy and Mme. Zoutman are the
only ones worth cultivating; they are both
very valuable white roses, albeit the first-
named is " green-eyed, like jealousy, en-
vious, it may be, of the latter, who, though
not of such a clear complexion, is free from
ocular infirmities."

The French Rose (Rosa Gallica), in spite of
its name, has not been traced to any country,

ROSES IN" GENERAL CULTIVATION. 35

but is generally credited with being a native
of Europe. It is very hardy, of compact
growth, requiring close pruning.

The varieties in this class have very dark
leaflets, 5 to 7 in number; though beautiful,
they are superseded by various Hybrid Per-
petuals of the same shade, and can no longer
be recommended except for large collections.
The best of them are Bottle de Nanteuil,
Oeillet Flamand, an odd, striped variety, and
Triomphe de Jaussens.

The Hybrid China Rose (Rosa Indica Hybri-
da) has arisen from various crosses among
the French, Provence and other summer
kinds, with the China, Noisette, and Bourbon
Roses. For a long time the varieties of this
class were our most beautiful and cherished
roses, but, like nearly all of the'summer sorts,
they are outshone and outlasted by various
Remontants. In this connection it may be
remarked that about one-fourth of the roses
which are sent out as Hybrid Perpetuals
should properly be placed among the Hybrid
Chinas, for the flowers which they produce
in autumn are the exception and not the rule.
A Hybrid Perpetual may be described as a
Hybrid China which blooms more than once
during the season ; if this classification were
carried out, we should to-day be growing

36 THE ROSE.

many more Hybrid Chinas and many less
Hybrid Perpetuals. Raisers dislike to call a
new variety Hybrid China, if by any stretch
of the imagination, or from having seen a
bloom during the autumn, they think people
can be persuaded that they are getting a
Remontant. To call a new variety a summer
rose is to sound its death-knell, and no
amount of adjectives in the superlative de-
gree can resuscitate or afford it sufficient
stimulus for more than a brief existence.
People no longer buy summer roses, at least
ninety-nine out of one hundred do not, but
unless the description of the raiser particularly
states to the contrary (that they are free au-
tumnals) they are, all the same, pretty likely
to get a number of them, and in the course
of a few years will discover that many beauti-
ful roses which they bought for Hybrid Per-
petuals are simply summer roses which oc-
casionally, or very rarely, grudgingly yield a
few autumn flowers. In this book, therefore,
many varieties will be found described as
Hybrid Chinas, which are catalogued, by
nurserymen, as Hybrid Perpetuals.

On account of the diverse parentage of the
varieties in this group, coming from so many
different classes, there is great dissimilarity
in the appearance of the different sorts, but

ROSES IN GENERAL CULTIVA TION. 37

most of them are rapid growers, with long,
flexible shoots; smooth, luxuriant foliage;
large, rather numerous, thorns ; globular or
cup-shaped flowers, which are freely produced
in their season. Those of vigorous growth,
and most of them are such, require but little
pruning. Many of them make beautiful Pillar
Roses and can be used as climbers in posi-
tions where extremely rapid growth is not
required ; in such places they make the best
summer climbers that we have.

" It is time, I think, for some alterations
in the nomenclature and classification of the
rose. When summer roses — roses, that is,
which bloom but once — were almost the only
varieties grown, and when hybridizers found
a splendid market for novelties in any quan-
tities, new always, and distinct in name, the
subdivisions yet remaining in some of our
catalogues were interesting, no doubt, to
our forefathers, and more intelligible, let us
hope, than they are to us. Let us believe
that it was patent to their shrewder sense
why pink roses were called Albas, and roses
whose hues were white and lemon were de-
scribed as Damask. Let us suppose that
they could distinguish at any distance the
Gallica from the Provence Rose, and that
when they heard the words Hybrid China,

38 THE ROSE.

instead of being reminded, as I am, of a cross
between a Cochin and a Dorking fowl, they
recognized an infinity of distinctive attributes
which estrange that variety from the Hybrid
Bourbon in the most palpable and objective
form. But now that these summer roses are
no longer paramount — rapidly disappearing,
on the contrary, before the superior and more
enduring beauty of those varieties which
bloom in summer and autumn too ; now that
several divisions formerly recognized are
gone from the catalogues, and others include
but two or three able-bodied roses on their
muster-roll — it would be advisable, I think,
to ignore altogether these minor distinctions,
and to classify as summer roses all those
which bloom but once. Not without a pain-
ful sigh can we older rosarians witness the
removal of our old landmarks — not without a
loyal sorrow do we say farewell to friends
who have brightened our lives with so much
gladness ; but we cannot long remember our
losses, surrounded as we are by such abun-
dant gains, and the tears of memory must
pass away as quickly as the dew in summer."*
We think within a few years the suggestion
of Canon Hole will be partially carried out
by nurserymen in their catalogues, but it

* S. Reynolds Hole.

ROSES IN GENERAL CULTIVA TION. 39

would yet be well to keep in separate groups
the Summer Climbers, the Austrian Brier,
and Moss Roses. What remains of such old
classes as the French, Provence, Damask,
Hybrid Bourbon, etc., may well be grouped
with the Hybrid Chinas.

The best of the old Hybrid China roses are
Chenedolle, so called from a member of the
Chamber of Deputies in France, a vivid red of
large size; Coupe d'Hebe (who would not
quaff nectar from this?) ; Mme. Plantier, a val-
uable white rose for massing and for hedges ;
and Paul Ricaut, still one of the most beau-
tiful roses — alas that it blooms but once !

The Moss Rose (Rosa Centifolia Muscosa} is
believed to be a sport from the Provence
Rose, and was introduced to England from
Holland, about the beginning of the seven-
teenth century. They are distinguished
from other roses by the moss-like substance
which surrounds the flower-buds, and by the
marked Provence scent. The shoots are
thickly covered with small spines. They are
very subject, as a class, to mildew, and, with
a few exceptions, require close pruning, rich
soil, and high culture. On account of their
beautiful buds they are great favorites with
every one, and form decidedly the most
valuable group of all the summer roses. The

40 THE ROSE.

finest varieties of the race are Common Moss,
Crested, and Prolific or Gracilis. Most of
the kinds have 7 leaflets.

The Provence Rose (Rosa Centifolia Provin-
dalis}, or Cabbage Rose, is supposed to have
been known to the Romans, and derives its
botanical name from the great number of
petals or flower-leaves. Its origin is not
known, but growing abundantly in Provence,
the South of France, it has received that
name, though the French themselves always
call it by the botanical name of Rose a Cent-
Feuilles. Their habit is somewhat drooping
and straggling, the foliage massive; the
flowers are generally of globular form and of
delightful scent, so that to say a variety is as
fragrant as the Cabbage Rose is commenda-
tion enough, so far as scent is concerned.
This class demands good culture and close
pruning ; though but few in numbers, it was
formerly an important group, and will ever
be remembered through the Common Pro-
vence, or Cabbage Rose, a variety which,
though blossoming but once, should be found
in every collection of any size. None others
are worth cultivating except the highly
scented Crested Provence, which is better
known as Crested Moss and appropriately
placed with the Mosses.

ROSES IN GENERAL CULTIVATION. 41

The Sweet-Brier (Rosa Rubiginosa), or
Eglantine, with 7 leaflets, is found growing
wild in different countries, but the variety
known as Common Sweet-Brier, a native of
England, is the only one worth growing. It
is almost needless to remark that the pink
flowers, which are single, possess interest
only for the botanist or artist ; it is the leaves
of the plant which are so attractive to gen-
eral cultivators. After a warm spring
shower, or when moistened by the morning
or evening dew, the foliage gives out a de-
lightful perfume, sui generis, equalled by
few rose-blooms. Any garden of consider-
able size should certainly contain a few plants
of this favorite rose of the poets ; they may be
planted individually, or in hedges, as they
bear clipping without injury.

The Scotch Rose (Rosa Spinosissima), called
by the French, Rosier Pimprenelle, is, true
to the botanical name, the most thorny of all
roses; but, though possessing some merit,
has almost passed out of cultivation. It is a
native of England and Scotland, and many
varieties have been raised from seed and sent
out by Scotch nurserymen, the names of
which are quite forgotten, most of them de-
servedly so. They are of compact growth,
very hardy, generally 9 leaflets, and produce

42 THE ROSE.

small flowers very early in the season ; they
require but little pruning. The two varieties
which are perhaps most grown are two hy-
brids, Stan well's Perpetual and Souvenir of
Henry Clay (raised in America) ; these give
a few flowers in autumn in addition to those
in spring.

PART IL— PERPETUAL OR AUTUM-
NAL ROSES.— Blooming more than
once during the season, many of them
continuously from June to November, or
until cut off by the frost.

CLASS i. — SARMENTOUS, CLIMBING OR RUN-
NING ROSES.

All of these will thrive in any ordinary,
good garden-soil, that is free from standing
water. The more vigorous varieties should
have but little pruning ; generally to thin out
branches that crowd the others will be all
the knife-work required.

Hybrid Climbing Roses (Rosa Hybrida Scan-
dens'] are of modern origin and come from
various sources; the greater number are
sports of various Hybrid Perpetuals ; several
of them have an extra vigor of growth at the
expense of freedom and size of bloom, but
one variety, Climbing Jules Margottin, is not

ROSES IN GENERAL CULTIVA TION. 43

only one of the strongest growers among
them, but yields fully as many flowers and
of quite as good quality, as the parent plant.
None of them make growth enough to cover
large buildings, but for growing on a trellis
or pillar they are very desirable. We are
likely to have many valuable additions to
this class in the near future ; it is already an
important group. Besides Climbing Jules
Margottin, the most valuable members of the
group which we have tested are Reine Marie
Henriette, Princess Louise Victoria, and
Climbing Victor Verdier. The former was
raised from the Climbing Tea, Mme. Berard,
fertilized by General Jacqueminot; it is a
highly scented red rose, somewhat resem-
bling Cheshunt Hybrid, and though not a free
autumnal sort will give a number of blooms
throughout the summer months. Climbing
Victor Verdier differs mainly from the parent
in being of stronger growth, the flowers are
somewhat smaller, and less freely produced.
Climbing Edward Morren, Bessie Johnson,
and Mdlle. Eugenie Verdier are new varieties
which we have not seen in flower but are
well spoken of. Other varieties in the class
are Catherine Bell and Red Dragon. Glory
of Cheshunt, raised from Charles Lefebvre,
is a new variety sent out by G. Paul, of Ches-

44 THE ROSE.

hunt, England. We saw this in flower, dur-
ing a visit to Cheshunt in August, 1880, and
were very favorably impressed with it;
should it succeed as well hsre as there, it
will be the best rose of the class. It is a
vivid crimson, freely produced, and of vig-
orous growth ; it must be a natural hybrid,
or cross, as no seedling of Charles Lefebvre
yet produced will compare in vigor of growth
with this new sort.

The Microphylla or Small-Leaved Rose (Rosa
Microphylla) is a native of China, and was
brought from there to England in 1823. The
leaf -stalks are covered with numerous small
leaflets, which give a name to the class.
They are not quite hardy and have with one
exception but little value. Alba or Alba
Odorata seems to have some Tea blood; the
flowers are a pale yellowish white, often
pure white, and highly scented. This is a
valuable rose south of Washington.

The Noisette or Champney Rose (Rosa Mos-
chata Hybrida) is of American origin. From
the seed of the White Musk Rose fertilized
by the Blush China (Bengal), John Champney,
of Charleston, South Carolina, raised a variety
which was called Champney's Pink Cluster.
A few years after, Philippe Noisette, a florist,
also of Charleston, raised from the seed of

ROSES IN GENERAL CULTIVATION. 45

Champney's Pink Cluster a blush variety,
which he sent to his brother, Louis Noisette,
of Paris, France, under the name of Noisette
Rose, not giving credit to Mr. Champney, as
the originator of the class, which has ever
since borne the wrong title of Noisette Rose.
Louis Noisette received it about the year
1817. These roses, originally, had the
characteristics in a great measure of the old
Musk Rose, such as scent and a tendency to
bloom in large clusters. The group is natu-
rally of strong growth and nearly hardy, but
the varieties which are now commonly grown
have generally Tea blood in them, and have
therefore lost much of their hardiness as well
as the habit of blooming in clusters.

Among the true Noisettes, Aimee Vibert
(Scandens) is decidedly the most valuable;
the flowers are small but pure white, suffi-
ciently full, of beautiful form ; the foliage is
a dark lustrous green; growth vigorous.
Others belonging to this division are Admiral
Rigney or Eugene Pirolle, Beauty of Green-
mount, Caroline Marniesse, Fellenberg,
Ophirie, Pumila, Washington, Woodland
Marguerite. None of these will have inter-
est for small cultivators, excepting perhaps
Pumila, and this is somewhat more tender
than the rest. Among the Tea-scented Noi-

46 THE ROSE.

settes we have some superb roses, which
have far more substance, and are much more
beautiful, than those named above, albeit less
hardy. They make magnificent climbers
under glass, and some of them succeed fairly
well at the North out of doors, if given shel-
tered positions. In the Southern States they
are by far the finest climbers that can be
grown. Marechal Niel, which is said to have
been raised from Isabella Gray, according to
general opinion, is at once the best Noisette,
the finest yellow, and the most beautiful
variety of any class that has ever been sent
out. Chromatella is another superb yellow,
in beauty of flower but a few degrees re-
moved from the Marechal ; but she is shy of
her charms, and unless carefully treated will
not display her beauty. If you would have
flowers in profusion from any of these roses,
you must keep away the pruning-knife, ex-
cepting when it is necessary to cut away
shoots altogether. Dr. Kane and Isabella
Gray are two lovely roses of American origin
which demand the same skill in management
as Chromatella. Solfaterre is the most use-
ful yellow of them all ; it is hardier, of better
habit, and more certain to flower than any,
and the blooms are but little inferior. Be-
sides all this, it makes the best stock on

ROSES IN GENERAL CULTIVATION. 47

which to bud Teas, or Hybrids from the
Teas, of any that I am acquainted with, sur-
passing that excellent stock and parent
variety, Lamarque. I should advise all per-
sons who wish to grow Tea Roses, under
glass, planted in borders, to put out plants of
Solfaterre, and on these, after they have
made sufficient growth, to bud all but the
vigorous growing Teas. Marechal Niel and
all the Gloire de Dijon type of Teas are im-
proved by being worked on this stock. Be-
ing much less hardy than the Common Brier,
it would not be so good a foster-parent for
the Teas which are worked out of doors, but
under glass I know of nothing equal to it.
Lamarque is a superior old white rose, which
has somewhat gone out of cultivation; but
this should not be, for it retains the cluster-
ing tendency of the race and produces an
immense quantity of flowers during the
season. It is a noble rose. Nearly all the
fine Tea-Noisettes are traced back to Lamar-
que. Besides those already named, we have
Celine Forestier, Mme. Caroline Kuster,
Triomphe de Rennes, and W. A. Richardson,
all fine yellow roses, of healthy habit and
easy of cultivation.

The Polyantha Remontant Rose (Rosa Poly-
anthd) was brought from Japan about the year

48 THE ROSE.

1865, by Robert Fortune, and is distinguished
from all other classes by its panicled blooms.
This peculiarity is not generally retained,
.however, when crossed with other roses, at
least not in most of the varieties which have
been sent out as seedlings from it. M. Jean
Sisley, the eminent horticulturist of Lyons,
says of this class : " It appears not to have
crossed any of the other types with its own
pollen. In a bed I made two years ago, with
the seed in question (without practising arti-
ficial fertilization), I found pure Eglantines.
I would therefore recommend rosarians to
try artificial fertilization on the other types,
as, if we could get Tea-scented Bourbons,
and Perpetual Hybrids with flowers in pan-
icles, we should change the whole aspect of
the rose garden, and in a most interesting
way modify the rose genus."

We believe some of the French rosarians
have acted on this suggestion, and that they
have in a measure been successful in produc-
ing roses with these characteristics, as in the
two varieties Paquerette raised by Guillot-
fils, and Anne Marie de Montravel raised by
Rambaux and Dubreuil. In August, 1880,
when in Lyons, we saw a very pretty variety
of this group raised from a seedling of Poly-
antha crossed by a Tea. The blooms, which

ROSES IN GENERAL CULTIVATION. 49

are of a very delicate salmon-pink, are freely
produced and highly scented. If it proves to
be of good habit, it will be a charming
variety for bouquets, etc. It has since been
named Mdlle. Cecile Brunner. These three
sorts are the only ones of value as yet sent
out ; all are remontant, which is not the case
with the parent variety.

The Climbing Tea Rose (Rosa Indica Odo-
rata Scandens) is a class, or division, so dis-
tinct from the other Teas, that it requires a
place for itself. Nearly all the varieties cat-
alogued in this division are descendants of
Gloire de Dijon, but hybridizers are making
great progress of late, and it is probable we
shall soon have varieties from other strains
and outcrosses to be added to the list of
Climbing Teas. The origin of Gloire de
Dijon is unknown. It was raised in the
South of France by Jacotot, and sent out in
1853, creating a great furor in rose-circles.
My opinion is, that we have in this a natural
hybrid produced from the seed of some strong
growing Tea, or Tea-Noisette which had been
impregnated by a Bourbon of robust habit.
Gloire de Dijon and its offspring are of vigor-
ous growth when once established, but the
young plants require a long time (if grown
from cuttings) before they have vitality
4

50 THE ROSE.

enough to push into strong growth. It is
therefore a great advantage to obtain them
worked on some other stock, such as Solfa-
terre, De la Grifferaie, or seedling Brier.
The foliage is very large, thick, and lustrous ;
thorns comparatively few; the flowers are
of large size, globular shape, full, and with
some fragrance. None of the progeny are
quite equal to the mother variety in freedom
of bloom, hardiness, or fragrance; Marie
Berton, a superb pale yellow rose, ranks
second. Next in order come Belle Lyonnaise,
Mme. Trifle, and Mme. Berard, this last being
too much like Gloire de Dijon to be valuable
in a small collection. The new variety, Reine
Marie Henriette, which might be classed with
these, has already been mentioned and de-
scribed among the Hybrid Climbers. This
sort, unlike the Gloire de Dijon race, will
make strong plants grown from cuttings,
rooting and growing as freely as General
Jacqueminot. Besides these varieties, we
have climbing Devoniensis, a sport from old
Devoniensis and identical with it in flower,
but of much stronger growth. Except Climb-
ing Devoniensis they are more than half-
hardy, and will do well out of doors in posi-
tions that are sheltered.

ROSES IN GENERAL CULTIVATION. 51

CLASS 2. — AUTUMNAL NON-CLIMBERS.

The Bengal or China Rose (Rosa Indicd) is
a native of China which was brought to
Europe some time during the eighteenth
century. Two varieties were introduced,
the Blush China and Crimson China; from
these a great number of seedlings have been
raised, many of them crosses from Teas.
Two groups are often made of these roses,
but there is no necessity of this, as very few
differ sufficiently to make two divisions de-
sirable. They are of moderate, branching
growth, with foliage and flowers both small.
They require a rich soil and close pruning ;
thus favored, they give perhaps a greater
quantity of flowers during the season than
any other class. They are not hardy and
have no fragrance, but in spite of this are a
very valuable group on account of the pro-
fusion of crimson buds which are furnished by
such sorts as Agrippina. A bed of Agrippina,
on a lawn, is a most desirable thing ; none of
the other crimsons are quite equal to this old
sort, from whatever point of view they be
considered; among them, we note Eugene
Beauharnais, Fabvier, Louis Philippe. The
leading varieties of lighter shades are Cels
Multiflora, Clara Sylvain, Ducher, and Mme.

52 THE ROSE.

Bureau. Two varieties of the class which
have marked peculiarities are Viridiflora or
Viridiscens, and James Sprunt. The former
is probably a sport from the old Blush, or one
of its immediate descendants ; its peculiarity
consists in green flowers which are freely
produced; though curious, it is not attrac-
tive, and it possesses little value, save as
a curiosity. James Sprunt originated in the
year 1858. Rev. James M. Sprunt, D.D.,
a Presbyterian clergyman of Kenansville,
North Carolina, divided some strong plants
of Agrippina. Afterwards he observed a
single shoot from one of these plants growing
vigorously without flowers or branches; it
grew over fifteen feet before it showed any
flower buds, the rest of the plant retaining
its normal characteristics. This shoot
branched out very freely the following year,
and cuttings taken from it invariably retained
the same climbing habit. The flowers of
James Sprunt are somewhat larger and fuller
than Agrippina, but are, of course, not pro-
duced till the plant has made considerable
growth. It is a valuable greenhouse climber.
What are called Fairy Roses are miniature
Bengals; we do not consider them of any
value, the Bengals are small enough.

The Bourbon Rose (Rosa Bourboniana) was

ROSES IN GENERAL CULTIVATION. 53

obtained from the Isle of Bourbon and taken
to France (either seeds or plants) in the
early part of the century. It was noticed
growing in a hedge of Bengal and Damask
Perpetual Roses, and on examination proved
distinct from either, but seemed to have
characteristics which pertained to both. It
has been considered therefore as a natural
hybrid, a product from these two groups.
Except in the case of varieties strongly im-
pregnated with Tea blood, this class is
sufficiently hardy to withstand all but ex-
traordinary winters ; the tops may be black-
ened by the frost, but shoots will push forth
from the lower buds. The varieties vary
greatly in growth and other features, but
most of them are of vigorous habit, and have
dark, lustrous foliage. The flowers are gen-
erally of light shades and found in clusters,
and are specially valuable in the autumn,
when so many Hybrid Perpetuals belie their
name. But it must not be overlooked that
many Bourbon Roses are also shy autumnals,
though mention of this is seldom made in
any of the catalogues, and the impression is
therefore general that all Bourbon Roses pro-
duce flowers freely in the autumn. There
are several well-known sorts, like Dupetit
Thouars, Sir J. Paxton, etc., that will not

54 THE ROSE.

produce flowers in the fall of the year at all,
unless specially pruned and treated. Those
which are of moderate growth require rich
soil and close pruning; such are Hermosa,
Queen of Bourbons, Souvenir de la Malmai-
son, and the new Queen of Bedders, all ex-
cellent varieties worthy a place in a small
collection. The stronger growers need to
have less wood removed, but must have
moderate pruning. The best of them are
Apolline, Cornice de Tarn-et-Garonne,
Duchesse de Thuringe, Edward Desfosses,
George Peabody, and Malmaison. If these
have the shoots moderately cut back so soon
as each is through flowering, they will give a
succession of flowers from June until cut off
by the frost. Souvenir de la Malmaison is
the general favorite of this group, but I con-
sider Apolline as the most valuable; it
flowers with the same freedom as Hermosa,
when cut back as directed above, and has
large cup-shaped blossoms of rosy-carmine
that are very attractive. No collection can be
complete with this variety left out.

The Hybrid Noisette Rose {Rosa Noisettiana
Hybridd) is a comparatively new group of con-
siderable importance. The varieties of this
class generally, though not always, flower in
small clusters and bloom very freely through-

ROSES IN GENERAL CULTIVATION. 55

out the season ; they are of about the same
degree of hardiness as the Bourbons — that is,
will winter with perfect safety if given some
slight protection, such as hilling up earth
about the plants or covering them with a
loose litter or evergreen branches. It is not
easy to ascertain the origin of this class, but
the varieties are mostly from crosses of Bour-
bon on Noisette and vice versa. They all re-
quire pretty severe pruning. The most
beautiful in the class are Madame Noman,
Mdlle. Bonnaire, and Eliza Boelle, a trio of
white roses which might well represent the
three Graces. There is too strong a resem-
blance between them to make all desirable
in a small collection, but it is difficult to
know which of them to reject. Our own pref-
erence inclines towards Madame Noman.
These are the most delicate in habit ; of the
stronger growing varieties which partake
more of the Noisette character, Coquette des
Alpes, Coquette des Blanches, and Mme.
Auguste Perrin are most noteworthy.
Baronne de Maynard, Madame Alfred de
Rougemont, and Madame Frangois Pittet are
worthy a place in collections of considerable
extent.

The Hybrid Perpetual, or Hybrid Remontant
Rose (Rosa Damascena Hybrida) is by far the

56 THE ROSE.

most valuable, if not the most beautiful,
of all groups of roses. The first varieties
sent out were mostly from crosses of Bour-
bons upon Damask Perpetuals and Hybrid
Chinas ; afterwards crosses were made with
varieties of Provence, Damask, and French
roses upon Bourbons, Bengals, and Teas, and
vice versa. The progeny of these was then
recrossed with different classes, and so it is
we have a group of the most heterogeneous
character, combining the good and bad quali-
ties, in greater or less degree, of nearly all
the others. There are certain types in this
group which gather together many varieties,
in which the relationship to some one sort
is readily discerned, as the Jules Margottin
type, General Jacqueminot and its progeny,
and the La Reine family ; but there is a vast
number of sorts whose kinship cannot be
traced; this is owing to the fact that the
greater number of varieties have been raised
from mixed seed, where no record was made
of the names ; and also that in many cases,
where the seed of different varieties was
sown separately, there has often been a
carelessness in making such a record, de-
pendence being placed on the memory alone.
So that many varieties whose parentage is
given are oftentimes not properly traced;

ROSES IN GENERAL CULTIVA TION. 57

it being made a matter of conjecture, or left
to fallible memory to recall. The varieties
differ greatly in all their characteristics,
and so require somewhat different culture
and treatment. Those that are of vigor-
ous growth, as in other classes, need much
less pruning than those of dwarfed habit,
for if cut back too severely they run too
much to wood. There have been hundreds
of varieties of this class sent out, and the
number of new sorts somewhat increases
each year. Eugene Verdier, of Paris, has
been foremost in the dissemination of new
sorts, and it will be interesting to take note
of the number of varieties offered by him,
including those of his own raising, for a few
years back. In 1872 he offered for sale
thirty-nine new Hybrid Perpetual Roses,
eight of them his own seedlings; in 1873
he offered forty-five, ten of them his own ; in
1874 he offered forty-six, ten of them his
own; in 1875 he offered forty-eight, twelve
of them his own ; in 1876 he offered thirty-
four, ten of them his own; in 1877 he offered
forty-one, ten of them his own; in 1878 he
offered forty, ten of them his own ; in 1 879
he offered forty -two, eight of them his own.
There are, of course, several new sorts each
year which M. Verdier does not get hold of ;

58 THE ROSE.

including these, it will be seen that there are
not less than forty-five new Hybrid Perpetual
Roses introduced each year; perhaps one-
fifth of them are worth growing, certainly
not more. The rest, either from being in-
ferior in quality to old-established sorts, or
from too great similarity to them, are ulti-
mately consigned to the rubbish heap. No
satisfactory selection can be made from this
innumerable class, except as made for some
special end, and having some prominent
features in view. We therefore give special
chapters to a consideration of the best Hybrid
Perpetuals for special purposes, in which the
various merits and peculiarities of different
varieties are discussed at some length.

The Hybrid Tea Rose (Rosa Indica Odorata
Hybrida) is a new group produced from cross-
ing Teas with Hybrid Perpetuals. This is a
class but yet in an incipient state ; within a
few years it is likely there will be a great
number of varieties where now there are but
few; it is also to be expected that there will
be various and distinct types among them.
Indeed among those we already have, La
France, Cheshunt Hybrid, and Beauty of
Stapleford show almost as marked variations
as could be found among any Hybrid Per-
petuals. In these three, we have La France,

ROSES IN GENERAL CULTIVATION. 59

which, with a perfume peculiar to itself, is
the sweetest of all roses, and equal to any in
the profusion of bloom; Cheshunt Hybrid,
which shows the Tea blood in its foliage
more than in any other way ; what fragrance
it has is more like that of Alfred Colomb or
Prince Camille than like a Tea; it seldom
shows a flower after the first of August ; and
Beauty of Stapleford, entirely without scent,
but with a decided resemblance to the Teas
in foliage, appearance of the flowers, and
profusion of bloom. These roses must prove
more hardy than most of the Teas, but more
susceptible to frost and of more delicate con-
stitution than the majority of the Hybrid
Remontants. Certain ones among them, as
La France, Duchess of Connaught, and Vis-
countess Falmouth, combine beautiful flowers
with great profusion of bloom and intense
fragrance ; such are the kinds that give value
to the class, and unless raisers can supply
new varieties in the group which combine
these three qualities, they should be with-
held as unfit to send out. Jean Sisley, Cap-
tain Christy, and Beauty of Stapleford may
have value now, while the group is yet small,
but being devoid of scent are not varieties
to pattern after. Captain Christy occupies a
somewhat equivocal position in this class,

60 THE ROSE.

being seeded from a Hybrid Perpetual Rose
(Victor Verdier) fertilized by the Tea Safra-
no, while all the others are seeded from Tea
Roses fertilized by Hybrid Remontants; but
it seems eminently proper that at least all
direct crosses between the two classes, no
matter whether the seed parent be Tea or
Hybrid Perpetual, should be grouped with
the Hybrid Teas. These roses are all of
moderate growth, and must have close prun-
ing and be grown in rich soil. Most of them
(ten varieties) were sent out in 1879 by Mr.
Henry Bennett, of Stapleford, England. It
is not yet known how desirable they will be
for out-of-door culture, but for forcing under
glass a few of Bennett's raising are proving
to be of some value. They seem to produce
as many flowers in the season as do the
Bengals, excelling many of the Teas proper
in profusion of bloom. Beauty of Stapleford
and Duchess of Westminster furnish very
pretty rose-colored buds, which are unfor-
tunately scentless. Duchess of Connaught,
at a first glance, might readily be mistaken
for La France, having much the same shade
of color, but the flowers are somewhat
smaller and of rounder form ; it is the only
variety which resembles La France in per-
fume. Jean Sisley does not open well in the

ROSES IN GENERAL CULTIVATION. 61

house, and is a scentless variety of rather a
muddy shade of color ; we do not consider it
of value. Nancy Lee is highly perfumed
and gives lovely formed buds, but it is of
very delicate habit. Michael Saunders and
Viscountess Falmouth are two sorts of con-
siderable substance, highly scented, which
we consider valuable introductions ; the latter
has a delightful blending of the perfumes to
be found in the parents President (Tea) and
the Moss Soupert-et-Notting, the odor of the
Moss predominating. Duke of Connaught
and Hon. George Bancroft are two dark roses,
which will be more valuable to the florist, if
sufficiently vigorous, than all the rest; the
former is the deeper in shade, but, in spite
of its breeding, is without scent ; the latter,
though of lighter color, is highly perfumed ;
both give beautiful buds. Pearl is a small
rose with a distinct Bourbon fragrance, a
good thing for cut flowers. The four new
Hybrid Teas of French origin, Cannes La
Coquette, Mme. Alexandre Bernaix, Mme.
Etienne Levet, and Mdlle. Brigitte Violet,
all promise to be useful sorts. This class of
roses, on account of its novelty and promise
of usefulness, is now looked upon with more
interest than any other, and will, in a few
years, very likely prove the most popular

62 THE ROSE.

class, excepting the Hybrid Perpetual and
Tea.

The Perpetual Moss Rose (Rosa Centifolia
Muscosd) has the same characteristics (and
needs the same treatment) as the Moss Rose
already described, but in addition to the
June blossoming produces flowers during the
summer and autumn. There are but three
sorts which we consider worth growing.
Many worthless varieties in the class have
been sent out; if the flowers were of fair
quality, they were so seldom seen after the
month of June as to belie their name. Mine.
Edward Ory and Salet both give mossy buds
that are not equal in quality to other Mosses,
but give them at a time of year when the
others are not to be had, and are therefore
very useful; Soupert-et-Notting is not en-
cumbered with a superfluity of moss, if it is
with a name, but we have here a large rose-
colored sort, very full, of fine form, and a
strong delightful perfume that may keep one
sniffing for a long time before he can go
away satisfied. Our eyes may brighten at
the sight of other autumnal roses more beau-
tiful than this, but there are very few sorts
so grateful to that other important sense —
smell. With oh! and with ah! and sundry
other relevant remarks we may gloat over

ROSES IN GENERAL CULTIVA TION. 63

this rose, as does the street Arab inspecting
the pies and confections in the window of a
pastry-shop.

The Tea Rose (Rosa Indica Odorata} may
well be taken as a synonym for all that is
delicately beautiful. What refinement of
color; what subdued, yet powerful, fragrance
do they possess ! They are indeed the centre
of loveliness ; like fair maids at a reception
surrounded by admiring groups, these lend
beauty to the others, which may well strive
to find a near approach to their sweet pres-
ence, that perchance they may receive a
smile, and borrow beauty, diffused from their
chaste loveliness. There has always been a
warm place in my heart for the Tea Rose,
for, sub rosa, let me confess it, this was my
first love (I fear no conjugal jealousy or
censure in making this confession) ; a bed of
Tea Roses planted near my father's house
first won me as a devotee to the rose, and by
foliage and flower I learned to distinguish
varieties among them before I even knew the
names in other classes ; I should now as soon
think of doing without roses altogether as
not to have a bed of Teas in my garden.

Several varieties in this group were
brought to England from China, their native
place, in the early part of the century;

64 THE ROSE.

among them were the Blush Tea and Yellow
Tea, two varieties from which most of the
sorts now in cultivation have descended.
Both of these kinds are free seed-bearers, the
Yellow Tea more particularly; it has beauti-
ful buds of pale yellow, but the habit of the
plant being unhealthy it has now nearly gone
out of cultivation. The old Blush is also no
longer named in most catalogues, but there
are many rosarians still living who cherish
it in affectionate remembrance and recollect
it as one of the most fragrant in the family.
Most of the varieties in this group are very
sensitive to any neglect, and will show very
quickly whether they have met with good or
ill treatment ; the soil can scarcely be made
too rich for their reception, but it must be
light, warm, and well drained. If the place
chosen consist of heavy clay soil, a foot or
more must be dug out, carted away, and
filled up with that which is mellow. As
most of the varieties are of but moderate
growth, they require rather close pruning.
To protect them during winter, we advise
hilling up earth about the plants and then
spreading over evergreen branches or loose
litter. Care must be exercised that the
plants be not embedded and packed down
with a heavy mass, otherwise decay and

ROSES IN GENERAL CULTIVATION. 65

death will ensue ; some air will needs be ad-
mitted ; the plants must be protected but not
smothered.

The Tea class is much more uniform in
the characteristics of the different varieties
than are any of the other large groups. In
judging of their merits we lay less stress on
fulness of flower than on other claims, be-
cause most of those which have compara-
tively few petals are very beautiful in bud,
and it is for the buds that Teas are largely
prized. Thus Isabella Sprunt and Marie
Guillot are two roses highly prized, but one
of them is only semi-double, while the other
has so many petals that they do not always
unfold satisfactorily. The flowers vary very
greatly in size as well as in fulness, some of
them, like Canary, Caroline, and Monsieur
Furtado, being quite small, and others being
large, as Madame Bravy, Souvenir d'un Ami,
etc.

This has now become such a large division
that it is no easy matter to select a num-
ber of varieties for commendation, but those
named below are among the most beautiful,
and also of the most healthy habit — a very im-
portant feature to be considered.

Bon Silene, Isabella Sprunt, and Safrano
5

66 THE ROSE.

are to be chosen for their buds only; Mme.
Falcot, a seedling of Safrano, has fuller
flowers of nearly the same shade, but they
are not so freely produced and the habit of
the plant is more feeble. The following
are fine in both bud and flower: Bou-
gere, Catherine Mermet, Comtesse Riza du
Pare, Gerard Desbois, Homer, Jean Ducher,
Jean Fernet, Madame Bravy, Madame de
Vatry, Madame Lambard, Madame Welche,
Marie Ducher, Marie Van Houtte, Monsieur
Furtado, Niphetos (a poor grower), Perle des
Jardins, Rubens, Sombreuil, Souvenir d'un
Ami, Triomphe de Luxembourg. Among
these Niphetos is the only one of bad growth,
but it is so much the finest of the white Teas,
that it should find a place in every collection
of any size. Full descriptions of all these
sorts will be found elsewhere.

III.

TECHNICAL TERMS.

HE rosarian and the hasty reader
are invited to pass by this chapter,
but if, unversed in rose-lore, any
reader become interested in the
subject, there will be found many terms,
mostly botanical, which require some ex-
planation, as presented herewith, and to
which he may be glad to refer.

Anther. A rounded knob at the summit of
the filament; a portion of the stamen
which contains the pollen or fecundating
matter of the flower.

Armed. Provided with thorns or prickles.

Callus. A swelling which occurs at the base
of a cutting previous to the formation of
roots.

Calyx. An envelope which holds the other
parts of the flower ; it consists of narrow
green leaves or sepals of a pithy texture ;
these sepals generally cohere by their
edges.

67

68 THE ROSE.

Corymb. Flower stalks produced along a
common stalk which rise so as to form a
level top.

Disbudded. Deprived of flower buds.
Flower buds are pinched or cut away, in
order that those remaining will attain
greater perfection.

Eye. The stamen and pistils of a flower.
Sometimes this term is used synony-
mously with bud.

Filament. The thread-like part of the sta-
men which supports the anther.

Hip or Hep. The fruit or seed pod.

Hybrid. A cross, which is the product of a
mixture of two different species.

Leaflet. One of the divisions of the com-
pound leaf with which all roses are fur-
nished; these are attached to the petiole
by minor foot stalks.

Maiden Plant. That which blooms for the
first time after budding or grafting.

Ovary. The hollow portion at the base of
a pistil containing the ovules or bodies
destined to become seeds.

Panicle. A cluster of flowers irregularly

TECHNICAL TERMS. 69

produced from a main stem, or peduncles
variously divided.

Peduncle. The stalk upon which the flower
is borne.

Petal. A leaf of the flower.

Petiole. The stalk to which are attached
the several leaflets.

Pistil. The columnar seed-bearing organ
in the centre of a flower ; sometimes there
are several in one flower ; it consists of one
or more styles, one or more stigmas and
the ovary. •

Pollen. The fecundating powdery substance
found in the anthers.

Remontant. As applied to roses that which
flowers the second time. From the
French verb to remount.

Sepals. Those leaves which form the calyx.

Sport. A shoot or sucker from a plant
which shows either in foliage, flower,
vigor of growth, or in all of them, some
peculiar feature or features, distinct from
the rest of the plant.

Stamens. The male organs of fructification
in a flower, surrounding the pistil.

70 THE ROSE.

Stigma. The top portion of the pistil
which receives the pollen and connects
with the ovary by a tube through the
centre of the style.

Style. The erect column, sometimes
several combined in one, which connects
the stigma with the ovary.

Sucker. A branch or root which proceeds
from the root, or stem of the plant, just
below the surface.

IV.

POSITION AND SOIL.

HE first requisite in the culture of
roses is the selection and prepara-
tion of a suitable place for plant-
ing. This is very important, as
all that follows depends upon the care used
in this first step.

To begin with, then, choose the best place
you have in the garden, a place where you
can offer sufficient protection by means of
hedges or board fences from bleak sweeping
winds. When fences are used, their general
ugliness can be most appropriately clothed
by roses themselves. A warm, sunny posi-
tion is also requisite; if so situated that
there is an exposure to the morning sun, and
the hot rays during the afternoon are in part
or wholly shaded, all the better, but a certain
amount of sunlight is as essential to a rose's
welfare as to our own, though many of us do
not show our appreciation of the blessings of
sunlight as gratefully as do our roses. Be-
71

72 THE ROSE.

sides scattering them through our gardens,
roses may be made very effective planted in
borders about our lawns, either individually
or in groups, and also planted in beds on the
lawn.

Thoughtlessness often leads people to plant
roses under the shadow of overhanging
buildings, or close to large deep-rooted trees ;
and then there is inquiry and wonderment
why the plants are always covered with mil-
dew? and why they do not blossom and grow
as those in a neighbor's yard, where there
are always beautiful roses to be seen? There
is much more in common, or should be, be-
tween animal and plant life, than is practi-
cally acknowledged by most of those who
strive to grow roses. Both demand for their
perfect development a sufficiency of nourish-
ing food and drink, a pure atmosphere, a
temperature as equable as possible, and
thorough cleanliness. Let every one who
plants roses bear this in mind and we shall
find a wonderful improvement in the quality
and quantity of the flowers.

" Some having heard that a free circulation
of air and abundance of sunshine are es-
sential elements of success, select a spot
which would be excellent for a windmill, ob-
servatory, beacon, or Martello tower; and

POSITION AND SOIL. 73

there the poor rose-trees stand, or, more ac-
curately speaking, wobble, with their leaves,
like King Lear's silver locks, rudely blown
and drenched by the to-and-fro contending
wind and rain.

" Others, who have been told that the rose
loves shelter, peace, repose, have found 'such
a dear snug little spot, ' not only surrounded
by dense evergreen shrubs, but overshadowed
by giant trees. Rest is there assuredly — rest
for the rose, when its harassed life is past,
when it has nothing more for disease to prey
upon, no buds for the caterpillar, no foliage
for the aphis — the rest of a mausoleum ! I
was taken not long ago to a cemetery of this
description, which had been recently laid
out ; and there was a confident expectation of
praise in the pretty face of the lady who took
me, that I was sorely puzzled how to express
my feelings. I wished to be kind, I wished
to be truthful ; and the result was some such
a dubious compliment as the Sultan paid to
the French pianist. The Frenchman, you
may remember, was a muscular artist, more
remarkable for power than pathos; and he
went at the instrument and shook and worried
it as a terrier goes in at rats. His exertions
were sudorific; and when he finished the
struggle, with beads on his brow, the Sultan

74 THE ROSE.

told him, 'that, although he had heard the
most renowned performers of the age, he had
never met one who — perspired so freely!'
Nor could I, with my heart as full of charity's
milk as a Cheshire dairy of the cow's, think
of any higher praise of the plot before me
than that it was an admirable place for fern ;
and therefore, when my commentary was re-
ceived with an expressive smile of genteel
disgust, as though I had suggested that the
allotment in question was the site of all others
for a jail, or had said, as Carlyle said of the
Royal Garden at Potsdam, that 'it was one
of the finest fog-preserves in Europe, ' then,
without further prevarication, I told the
truth. And the truth is, that this boundless
contiguity of shade is fatal, and every over-
hanging tree is fatal as an upas-tree to the
rose. The rose in close proximity to a forest-
tree can never hope to thrive. In a two-fold
sense it takes umbrage; robbed above and
robbed below, robbed by branches of sun-
shine and by roots of soil, it sickens, droops,
and dies." *

In connection with a choice of location,
we must see that roses are provided with a
proper soil. They will do well in any or-
dinary garden soil that is free from standing

* u A Book about Roses."

POSITION AND SOIL. 75

water and well drained. When there is too
much clay, the soil can be made sufficiently
friable by the application of wood and coal
ashes, lime, burnt earth, etc. When, on the
other hand, a soil is sandy or too light, we
need to bring clay, muck, leaf mould, etc.,
to obtain sufficient body. This soil must, of
course, be thoroughly manured and worked ;
frequent spading will do a great deal toward
lessening the stiffness of a heavy soil. On
no account attempt to make roses grow in a
wet spot ; if there be such a place which it
is desired to use, let the soil be thoroughly
drained by sinking tiles to a depth of four
feet, or provide in some other way for carry-
ing off the water. Where it is impossible to
find a position capable of being drained by
tiles from the ground being too flat, the soil
may be removed to a depth of a few feet,
and stones, bricks, debris of any kind, thrown
in ; but whenever the water can be carried off
in tiles it is better to do so.

V.

PLANTING AND PRUNING.

OSES that have been grown out of
pots should, if possible, be planted
while in a dormant condition ; for,
if removed for transplanting while
the sap is flowing freely, and the plant is in
vigorous growing condition, there occurs
too great a shock, one from which the plant
does not easily recover. All roses, therefore,
taken from the open ground should be planted
during the autumn or spring; the more
hardy kinds, such as the summer roses, most
of the Hybrid Perpetuals, and possibly some
of the Bourbons, may preferably be planted
in the autumn ; the more tender sorts in the
spring. Plants that have been propagated
from cuttings, or layers (on own roots),
should be set, as nearly as possible, as they
were grown in the nursery. Budded or
grafted plants should be set so that the junc-
tion of the bud or graft is about two inches be-
neath the surface of the soil. Planted in this
76

PLANTING AND PRUNING. 77

way there is much less liability of suckers
from the stock being put forth, and oppor-
tunity is afforded for the plant to put forth
roots from the bud or graft ; this often takes
place, so that ultimately the plant is virtually
on its own roots. Roses that are pot-grown
can be planted at any time from April till Oc-
tober, but if set out during the heat of summer
special care must be given in watering, etc.
Respecting the sized plants which should be
set out, we earnestly advise all those who can
obtain them to put out plants of one or two
years' growth that have made a free but not
excessive growth, with well-ripened wood;
these can be obtained at most of the large
reliable nurseries. Many florists do a large
and exclusive business in sending by mail
small plants, cuttings of a few weeks' growth ;
this is all very well, to give opportunity to
many people to obtain plants, which could
not, owing to the lack of express or railroad
facilities, be forwarded in any other way;
but these bantlings often require much care
and tender nursing, and are seldom of any
account until the second year from planting,
for in order to promote their growth the
flower buds should be kept cut off during the
first year — if allowed to produce any, they
are not only not of first quality, but enfeeble

78 THE ROSE.

the plant; whereas older plants, carefully
grown, will give effective results the first
year. Some nurserymen make a practice of
cutting away all the flower buds from free
blooming varieties, which form on the young
plants during the first year's growth; this
practice is to be highly commended; such
plants are far more valuable to the purchaser
than those not so treated. Quality should
always be preferred to quantity ; this is true
whether respecting the plants or the flowers of
roses, and one good two-year plant is worth
more than six of the sucklings often sent by
mail — poor, weak infants, which never should
have been sent from the nursery — just as one
good bloom of Marie Baumann, or Alfred
Colomb, is worth half a dozen of Pius the IX.
or Triomphe de 1' Exposition.

Care must be exercised that the soil about
the plant be well pulverized and no hard
lumps allowed to remain in contact with the
roots; after the plants are set out, be sure
that they are firmly pressed in with the feet
or hands ; plants that are loosely stuck in the
ground can never do well. Another prom-
inent thing to bear in mind is : never allow
the plants to lie exposed to the wind and
sun, keep them covered until ready to plant.
The distance apart is somewhat regulated by

PLANTING AND PRUNING. 79

the vigor of growth ; the strongest growers
should be put about three feet apart; for
those of weaker habit, one or two feet would
suffice. In planting beds, if of more than
one variety, the strongest sort should be in
the centre and those of the weakest habit on
the outside. It is almost unnecessary to say,
that no planting should be attempted if the
ground be very wet, or very dry, as during a
summer drought ; and that very late in the
season, whether autumn or spring, is not a
good time to set out roses; few things suffer
so much from late spring planting as do
roses ; if the buds have pushed forth, it is
generally time and money thrown away to
set out plants, other than those pot-groum.
The reason pot-grown plants can be used
after the others is that the soil in which they
are grown can be retained when the roses are
removed from the pots, and the plants con-
tinue to grow without check. Pot-grown
roses must not be immediately exposed to the
rays of a hot sun ; if planted out they should
receive some shade for a few days, and be
carefully watered. Water must not be ap-
plied during the heat of the day, but in the
morning or evening.

The pruning of roses is one of the most
important features connected with their cul-

8o THE ROSE.

ture, but no directions that can be given will
prevent some mistakes from being made. It
is practical experience alone that will enable
one to determine just what is to be done in
each individual case, and just how to do it ;
but the general principles that should govern
can be easily stated and comprehended. I
would recommend the operator to procure
what is known as a pruning-knife, having a
hooked blade, and also a secateur, or pair of
pruning-shears ; the latter is better for cutting
away shoots from the centre of a bushy plant
and is the quickest and most easy to handle,
but where a very smooth cut is desired, the
pruning-knife will be found most effective ;
it is also tess likely to bruise the bark. All
roses that come from the open ground should
be pruned before planting or immediately
after. Many persons who are careless, or not
informed, set out the plants just as they
come from the nurseries ; under such circum-
stances the plants cannot thrive, the sap has
too many buds to nourish and a weak growth
ensues. The shock from transplanting must
be met by a shortening of both shoots and
roots ; the shoots being shortened the number
of buds to draw upon the sap is reduced and
a more vigorous growth follows. Not only
should all bruised roots be pruned, cutting

PLANTING AND PRUNING. Cl

away to the sound part, but also all those
large ones that are uninjured, for by this
they are induced to put forth small roots of
fibrous nature, which are of great assistance
in promoting health and vigor of plant.

The cut made in pruning should be as
nearly horizontal as possible, so that there
shall be but a slight exposure of wounded
surface ; it is generally preferable to cut from
the inside, and to see that the top bud which
is left points outward. If the plants bleed
after the operation the surface of the cut
should be smeared over with wax or other
substance ; often a coating of mud will answer.
Roses are pruned both early in the spring
and in the autumn; we prefer the former
season, but when done then, care must be
had not to put it off too late, for if not at-
tended to early, the sap will have pushed
toward the upper buds, and when pruned
there will be bleeding or exuding of the sap.
The pruning should therefore take place
while the plants are dormant, and before the
sap begins to flow. The chief objects to be
held in view in pruning are the formation
of a symmetrical plant, and to promote the
formation of bloom buds. To secure these
the following general rule must be observed :
Plants of delicate habit and weak growth re-
6

82 THE ROSE.

quire severe pruning; those that are vigorous
in growth should have the shoots only moder-
ately shortened, but the branches well thinned
out. If varieties of vigorous habit are closely
pruned, a great growth ensues and very few
flowers ; hence it is of the utmost importance
to know the character of the variety that is
to be operated on. Besides pruning the
plants in March, a summer pruning is desir-
able with many varieties of Hybrid Perpet-
uals, so soon as the June blossoming is over,
in order to induce the formation of flower
buds later in the season,

VI.

MANURES.

E trust that impatient readers will
not pass by this chapter with
turned-up nose and a sniff of dis-
dain, for the subject is an impor-
tant, albeit an unpleasant one, to handle.
We shall make it short, if not sweet.

Manure, if new, should never be applied
so as to come in contact with the roots, but
may be spread on the surface of the earth as
a mulch ; this is often done with advantage
in the autumn, digging it in in the following
spring. Manure which is to be dug in about
the plants must be decomposed, and may be
advantageously mixed with a compost of
good turfy loam and spent hops ; all animal
manure is useful for roses, particularly
droppings of the cow, pig, and sheep ; these'
mixed with a compost as named form the
best fertilizers that can be used. Besides
these, the cleanings from the poultry house,
night soil, soot, bone-dust, and guano will
83

84 THE ROSE.

all be found excellent, but nothing I believe
is better than a mixture — one-third each —
of cow-dung, rotted hops, and turfy loam.
Horse-dung is much better for heavy soils
than for light, and cow-manure does not do
so well for soils inclining to be wet. In the
hot, dry weather, which we often have in
summer, a good watering of liquid manure
will be of very great benefit to the plants,
more especially during the time of the forma-
tion of flower buds. "The happy rosarian
who has a farm-yard of his own will, of
course, have a large covered tank therein,
for the reception and preservation of liquid
manure. At all times, of drought especially,
this will be more precious as a restorative and
tonic to his roses than the waters of Kis-
singen, Vichy, or Harrogate to his invalid
fellow-men. Only let him remember this
rule of application — weak and oft rather than
strong and seldom. I bought my own ex-
perience by destroying with too potent pota-
tions— forgetting that infants don't drink
brandy neat — the delicate fibrous rootlets of
some beautiful rose-trees on the Manetti
stock."* Night soil would be found a most
valuable manure, if people would only
rightly prepare and use it, but each rosarian

* S. R. Hole.

MANURES. 85

points to the other and wonders why no one
is found to make use of this valuable com-
modity which now goes to waste, but no
one takes hold. " The Romans reverenced
Cloacina, the goddess of the sewers, and
the statue which they found of her in the
great drains of Tarquinius was beautiful as
Venus's self; but they honored her, doubt-
less, only as a wise sanitary commissioner
who removed their impurities, and, so doing,
brought health to their heroes and loveliness
to their maidens. They only knew half her
merits ; but in Olympus, we may readily be-
lieve, there was fuller justice done. Al-
though weaker goddesses may have been un-
kind— may have averted their divine noses
when Cloacina passed, and made ostentatious
use of scent-bottle and pocket-handkerchief
— Flora, and Pomona, and Ceres would ever
admire her virtues, and beseech her benign
influence upon the garden, the orchard, and
the farm. But the terrestrials never thought
that/^jc urbis might be lux or bis, and they
polluted their rivers, as we ours, with that
which should have fertilized their lands.
And we blame the Romans very much in-
deed; and we blame everybody else very
much indeed ; and we do hope the time will
soon be here when such a sinful waste will

86 THE ROSE.

no longer disgrace an enlightened age ; but
beyond the contribution of this occasional
homily, it is, of course, no affair of ours.
Each man assures his neighbor that the pro-
cess of desiccation is quite easy, and the art
of deodorizing almost nice ; but nobody 'goes
in. ' The reader, I have no doubt, has with
me had large experience of this perversity in
neighbors, and ofttimes has been perplexed
and pained by their dogged strange reluc-
tance to follow the very best advice. There
was at Cambridge, some thirty years ago, an
insolent, foul-mouthed, pugnacious sweep,
who escaped for two terms the sublime lick-
ing which he 'annexed' finally, because no
one liked to tackle the soot. There were
scores of undergraduates to whom pugilism
was a thing of beauty and a joy forever, who
had the power and the desire to punish his
impudence, but they thought of the close
wrestle — they reflected on the 'hug,' and
left him. To drop metaphor, there is no
more valuable manure; but it is, from cir-
cumstances which require no explanation,
more suitable for the farm than the garden,
especially as we have a substitute [farm -yard
manure] quite as efficacious, and far more
convenient and agreeable in use." *

* " A Book about Roses," S. Reynolds Hole.

VII.

INSECTS AND DISEASES.

O one can be more profoundly im-
pressed with the curse entailed on
Adam and his descendants than
the reverent rosarian; for all
things hostile and bad, animate and inani-
mate, seem to combine in greater degree to
prevent the successful cultivation of the rose
than any other well-known flower. Few
things, for example, can be more effective
in their season than a massive bed of
paeonies; they have all the shades of the
rose, are more hardy, and know nothing of
mildew or the ravages of insect enemies ; but
they are almost entirely neglected — very un-
justly too — that proper attention may be
given to our roses, which need constant care
and attention to make their culture profitable.
The price to be paid for beautiful roses is
eternal vigilance inspired by reverent love.
" He who would have beautiful roses in his
garden must have beautiful roses in his heart.
87

88 THE ROSE.

He must love them well and always." A
genuine lover of roses is not discouraged by
the knowledge of the difficulties that attend
the culture of his favorites, the rather is he
incited to succeed in spite of all obstacles
and drawbacks, knowing that as faint heart
never won fair lady, he cannot expect the
smiles of Marie Baumann, or Marie Van
Houtte, unless he thoroughly cultivate the
acquaintance of these beauties, and wait
upon them with more attention and deeper
concern than would the gallant of the ball-
room upon the attendant belles.

The following are the chief foes with which
the rose has to contend :

THE APHIS (Aphis Rosce), or Green Fly, is
well known by all who have grown roses. It
is a small green louse, about one-eighth inch
in length when fully grown, usually wing-
less. Their bodies are oval and soft, they
secrete a sweet fluid, of which ants are very
fond. The presence of ants on roses is good
evidence, did we require it, that the aphis is
at work. They are very prolific in breeding ;
Reaumur estimates that one individual in
five generations may become the progenitor
of nearly six thousand millions of descend-
ants. Through their slender beak they suck
the juices of the plant, always working at the

INSECTS AND DISEASES. 89

tender shoots, and in a short time will, if un-
molested, destroy the vigor or vitality of any
rose they infest. Much the best destructive
agent to use against them is tobacco smoke ;
when this cannot be applied, a liquid solu-
tion, made from tobacco stems or leaves, or
from quassia, will be found an efficient
method of working their destruction. Take
four ounces of quassia chips, or tobacco stems,
and boil them about ten minutes in a gallon
of soft water; strain off the chips, and add
four ounces of soft soap, which should be
dissolved in it as it cools, stirring well before
using. It may be applied by dipping a whisk
broom in the mixture and sprinkling all
shoots that are infested. Whale-oil soap,
dissolved in water, is also a useful remedy.
MILDEW. — This is a fungous disease often
caused by great and sudden atmospheric
changes, and by a long continuance of damp,
cloudy weather. The best proved remedies
are sulphur and soot ; one of these should be
applied the moment the disease makes its ap-
pearance; the plants should be sprinkled
with water so that the substance applied will
adhere, or else let it be put on early in the
morning while the dew is yet on the plants.
Some localities are much more subject to
visitations of this disease than ethers, and in

90 THE ROSE.

such places care should be taken not to plant
varieties that are known to be specially
liable to mildew. As it is contagious,
spreading from one plant to another, we
should advise the destruction of such sorts
as belong to the Giant of Battles type (see
chapter on Typical Roses) ; better it is to
sacrifice a few kinds than that all should be
disfigured with this annoying fungus. Gen-
erally mildew makes its appearance in the
autumn, when the nights grow cool ; at this
season it works but little harm and may be
disregarded, since the plants have made their
growth and the wood is nearly, or quite, ripe.
THE RED SPIDER is a most destructive
little insect, which generally commits its
ravages in the greenhouse ; they only make
their appearance when favored by a hot, dry
atmosphere. These insects are very small,
scarcely distinguishable by the eye, if iso-
lated; they are of a dark, reddish-brown
color, found on the under sides of the leaves.
They cause the foliage to assume a yellow
tinge, and will soon make sickly the plant
they infest. A few applications of whale-oil
soap dissolved in warm soft water will often
destroy them; this can be applied with a
syringe, taking care to throw the water up-
ward to reach the leaves affected, late in the

INSECTS AND DISEASES. 91

afternoon, and then washed off with pure
water the following morning. This insect
does not attack plants that are syringed with
water daily, and all plants grown under glass,
not in flower, should be sprayed regularly.
When a house that has been infested with
Red Spider can be emptied of the plants, it
is well to burn sulphur on charcoal embers ;
the fumes from the sulphur are fatal to
nearly all insect life, and a house can by this
means be soon freed from this insect; as
burning sulphur is also destructive to plant
life, this process can only be used in emptied
houses, unless only a slight quantity be used
at a time.

ROSE HOPPER, OR THRIPS (Tettigonia Rosa,
of Harris). — This is perhaps the most trouble-
some pest with which the rose is afflicted in
the open air. It is a small, yellowish-white
insect, about three-twentieths of an inch
long, with transparent wings. Like the Red
Spider, they prey upon the leaves, work-
ing on the under side ; they seem to go in
swarms and are very destructive to the plant,
soon causing the foliage to assume a sickly,
yellow appearance. As they jump and fly
from one place to another, their destruction
is less easy to accomplish than is the case
with other enemies. We have found syring-

92 THE ROSE.

ing the plants with pure water, so as to wet
the lower side of the leaves, and then dust-
ing on powdered white hellebore, will de-
stroy or disperse them. Another remedy,
nearly or quite as good, is a solution of
whale-oil soap, which must also be applied so
as to reach the leaves from beneath.

ROSE CATERPILLAR, OR LEAF-ROLLER. —
There are several kinds of caterpillars, be-
longing to an order called Lepidoptera, which
prey upon the rose. They are the young of
moths or butterflies, varying from one-half
inch to three-fourths inch in length ; some of
these are green and yellow, others brown;
they all envelop themselves in the leaves or
burrow in the flower buds. Powdered helle-
bore sprinkled over the plants will prevent
in a large measure their moving over the
plants, but the only method of killing them,
which is really effectual, is by crushing be-
tween finger and thumb. This crushing pro-
cess may not be considered an agreeable
pastime, but it must be done, and fastidious
people can either delegate the work to others,
or go armed, not cap d pie, but with gloved
hands, and perform the work themselves. It
is time to look out for these marauders when
the buds are formed and begin to show signs
of plumpness.

INSECTS AND DISEASES. 93

ROSE CHAFER, OR ROSE BUG. — This (the
Melolontha subspinosa, of Fabricius) is a brown
beetle, a little less than one-half inch in
length, which comes from the ground about
the second week in June, or when the Damask
Rose is in blossom. Many localities are
never troubled with this pest; where it does
appear, it is never alone, but in swarms ; the
insects attack the flowers in preference to the
foliage, and seem to be more fond of white
and light-colored flowers than of those which
are dark. In a very short time they entirely
disfigure and greatly injure the plant which
they attack; an application of Paris green
dusted over the plants is very destructive to
them, but being so dangerous a poison, we
recommend hand-picking and burning of the
bugs in preference. The application of
tobacco-water, whale-oil soap, etc., is use-
less, for in order to have any effect upon
the bugs the solution would have to be made
so strong that it would work injury to the
plants.

ROSE SLUG. — These slugs are the larva of
a saw-fly, called by Harris Tdandria Rosa,
an insect about the size of a common house-
fly, which comes out of the ground during
May and June. The female flies puncture
the leaves in different places, depositing their

94 THE ROSE.

eggs in each incision made; these eggs
hatch in twelve or fifteen days after they are
laid. The slugs at once commence to eat the
leaves, and soon make great inroads upon the
foliage, if not checked. They are about one-
half inch long when fully grown, of a green
color, and feed upon the upper portion of the
foliage. The best remedies are powdered
white hellebore, or a solution of whale-oil
soap.

WHITE GRUB. — These grubs are the young
of those buzzing, sticky abominations known
as May-bugs. The beetles are thus described
by Harris : " During the month of May,
they come forth from the ground, whence
they have received the name of May-bugs or
May-beetles. They pass the greater part
of the day upon trees, clinging to the under
sides of the leaves in a state of repose. As
soon as evening approaches, they begin to
buzz about among the branches, and con-
tinue on the wing till toward midnight. In
their droning flight they move very irregu-
larly, darting hither and thither with an un-
certain aim, hitting against objects in their
way with a force that often causes them to fall
to the ground. They frequently enter houses
in the night, apparently attracted as well as
dazzled and bewildered by the lights. Their

INSECTS AND DISEASES. 95

vagaries, in which, without having the power
to harm, they seem to threaten an attack,
have caused them to be called dors, that is,
darers; while their seeming blindness and
stupidity have become proverbial in the ex-
pressions 'blind as a beetle' and 'beetle-
headed.' After the sexes have paired the
males perish, and the females enter the earth
to the depth of six inches or more, making
their way by means of the strong teeth which
arm the forelegs; here they deposit their
eggs. . . . From the eggs are hatched, in
the space of fourteen days, little whitish
grubs, each provided with six legs near the
head, and a mouth furnished with strong
jaws. When in a state of rest, these grubs
usually curl themselves in the shape of a
crescent." These annoying pests live in the
earth for three years, feeding on the roots of
roses and other plants, and give no sign of
their presence till the plant on which they
feed commences to wither or turn sickly.
So soon as evidence is given of their ravages,
the plant should at once be dug around and
search made for the grub, that his destruction
may save other plants from death. The grub
is more fond of the roots of strawberries than
of any other food, and if these berries are
grown alongside of roses a careful lookout

96 THE ROSE.

must be had. It is a fortunate thing that the
grub does not confine himself to a rose-diet,
else would the culture of our favorite flower
often be conducted with more plague than
pleasure or profit.

There are other insect enemies of the rose
besides those we have named, but they
seldom do any great damage, and we think
our readers are ready to cry, enough of bugs.
We have given a list of remedies for con-
trolling the ravages of the various pests
which worry the rose, but it is with our roses
as with ourselves, prevention is always better
than cure. A pure atmosphere, cleanliness,
by the free use of water, etc., healthy food,
not necessarily that which is most nutritious,
but that which can with certainty be assimi-
lated or digested, are requirements common
to our own lives and those of our roses, if
they are to be healthy ones. A watchful
care, with systematic attention to watering,
syringing, etc., will often keep away insect
enemies that would otherwise surely come to
torment us. Many gardens in the suburbs of
cities are supplied with water conducted
from the mains of the water works in pipes ;
those who have such a supply of water in
their grounds will find it an easy matter fre-
quently to spray all the plants both from

INSECTS AND DISEASES. 97

beneath and above. The frequent and vig-
orous application of water is as hateful to the
insects described as it is to fighting cats, and
every one who grows roses (or cats) should be
provided with that most useful instrument the
garden syringe ; it is a most valuable weapon
of defence or of offence, whether used in
keeping off the Rose Hopper or in dispersing
the caterwauling midnight marauders that
may come within range.

There are some insects which entomologists
claim to be useful, as destroying those which
are noxious ; such are the larvae of the gar-
den beetle, rose beetle, ladybird and others,
which feed upon aphides and caterpillars. I
know nothing of the truth of this from per-
sonal observation, and do not see how their
aid can be considered of any great value,
since the solutions, etc. , which are necessary
to apply when noxious insects make their
appearance, would be pretty certain to de-
stroy friend and foe alike. I have much
more confidence in the help to be obtained
from the despised toad, and some of the
birds, especially the ground-bird and spar-
row ; the toad will devour many of the worms
and caterpillars, the birds will destroy not
only these, but also the insects which infest
the plants. The aid of the birds might be
7

98 THE ROSE.

enlisted by daily scattering a few crumbs
among the plants ; when they have consumed
the crumbs they will naturally turn their
attention to the insects at hand, and thus
repay their benefactors.

VIII.

PROPAGATION.

HERE are four methods used in
propagating roses — by cuttings,
by budding, by grafting, by layer-
ing; in importance they rank in
the order named, and in this order we will
briefly consider them.

Although the principles which govern the
art of propagation are the same the world
over, it will be found that rosarians differ
widely in working out details ; thus, in the
production of roses from cuttings, we, in
America, are as much more successful than
our European brethren as they excel us in
the production of budded and grafted plants.
BY CUTTINGS. — There is no doubt but
that plants grown from cuttings are the most
useful for general purposes, and the greater
number of our choice varieties can be grown
in this way without difficulty ; but there are
some beautiful kinds, like Baroness Roths-
child, \>i*ich root with great difficulty; these
99

THE ROSE.

sorts can only be profitably grown by bud-
ding or grafting. Cuttings can be made at
any time of the year. The old ideas that the
wood must be cut at a joint or with a heel,
and that it is essential they should be placed
in bottom heat, have been thoroughly ex-
ploded. The most successful propagation
made by cuttings, for the largest number of
kinds, is made during the late winter months
from strong plants one or two years old that
have been grown in open ground, potted in
the month of November; or from plants
which have been grown in pots for one year,
or planted out under glass. Cuttings of all
kinds which root freely, like General Jacque-
minot, Victor Verdier, etc., can be made
from one eye only, and cut between the
joints just as well as after the old fashion of
cutting to a heel, and with three or more
eyes — an unnecessary and wasteful process.
All of the large commercial establishments
in this country do most of their rose propa-
gation in the months of January, February,
and March ; the cuttings are made to one eye
and dibbled in beds of sand, or in some cases
are placed in pots of sand and these pots
plunged in beds of sand; underneath the
staging which supports the cuttings run hot-
water pipes or flues; these are commonly

PROPAGATION.

boarded-in to secure boftbrri heat, and" this" I
believe to be the best method. Some rose
growers make no attempt at confining the
pipes or flues, and produce excellent plants
without resorting to bottom heat, but it is a
slower process, and there is a greater per-
centage of cuttings which fail to root. Ad-
vocates of this system claim that they secure
healthier, stronger plants in the end than
they would by the use of bottom heat.
There is no doubt that plants propagated in
a closely confined house in a high tempera-
ture are apt to turnout of weak constitution,
but we believe the best results follow where
plants are propagated in a bed at a tempera-
ture of about 70 degrees, with the tempera-
ture of the house a few degrees less. How-
ever, these matters concern nurserymen and
florists more than amateurs, for this class
does not care to put in operation anything
that requires much expense. When but few
cuttings are desired they can be placed in
pots and will take root in four or five weeks
after insertion, grown in any ordinary con-
servatory or greenhouse. After the cuttings
have taken root they should be potted in pots
not exceeding two and a half inches in diame-
ter. Certain kinds of roses take root with-
out difficulty, others are so stubborn that the

102 THE ROSE.

afnateur would' do 'We'll not to attempt their
propagation until he has proved himself
an adept in rose culture. The sorts most
difficult to root are the various varieties of
Moss, most of the summer roses, and certain
varieties of Hybrid Remontants, belonging
to the Jules Margottin, Baronne Prevost, and
Baroness Rothschild families. (See chapter
on Typical Roses.) All of the Tea and
Monthly Roses, with very few exceptions,
root and grow freely from cuttings.

Besides using green wood, some propaga-
tors make cuttings from hard wood — that is,
shoots thoroughly ripened, taken in the au-
tumn. Manetti cuttings are always made
from wood taken in autumn, and the various
varieties of Prairie Roses are often grown in
this way. In some establishments large quan-
tities of cuttings are made during the sum-
mer months and grown in hotbeds ; the plants
produced are salable in the autumn and are
largely used by florists. In selecting stock
plants from which to propagate, care should
be had that only those be chosen which are
vigorous and healthy, otherwise a sickly or
weak progeny will result.

BY BUDDING. — This is an important
method, second only to propagation by cut-
tings.

PR OP A GA TION. 1 03

The chief disadvantages are these : first,
it is more expensive. The stocks are to be
purchased and cared for (they cannot often
be profitably grown in our hot climate), and
it will be found that the labor of budding,
suckering, cutting back stocks, etc., will
make the operation far more costly than
growing plants from cuttings. Budded
plants are not desirable for inexperienced
amateurs, since novices do not detect the
suckers which, not infrequently, come up
from the roots and if not cut away ultimately
choke the plant. A third objection is found
in the fact that budded plants are more fre-
quently killed by severe winters than plants
on own roots.

On the other hand, by budding we are en-
abled to grow varieties which are so difficult
to root from cuttings, that their propagation
would be discontinued by all large rose-
growers were it not for this method. Varie-
ties like Baroness Rothschild, Mabel Morri-
son, Marquise de Castellane, Madame Boll,
Marguerite de St. Amande, etc. , are as yet al-
most indispensable, but no nurseryman would
long grow them from cuttings. There is an-
other class of roses often advantageously
grown by budding, these are varieties of
moderate growth like A. K. Williams, Horace

104 THE ROSE.

Vernet, Madame Victor Verdier, Mademoi-
selle Eugenie Verdier, Marie Baumann,
Xavier Olibo, etc. All these kinds are in-
vigorated by being worked on some strong
stock, like the Manetti. A third advantage
of budded roses is for use as stock plants,
and also for forcing. Budded plants of many
kinds (not the Jacqueminot type) can be
taken up in October or November, and with
ordinary treatment will give as fine a crop of
flowers as plants of the same varieties which
have been grown all summer in pots at much
more expense and labor.

I would not advise any reader to purchase
budded roses who cannot tell, by the wood,
the difference between Persian Yellow and
General Jacqueminot, between Marie Bau-
mann and Salet — indeed amateurs who can-
not do this do not deserve to have roses at
all, for they would not be able to distinguish
between the shoots of the Manetti suckers
and their Louis Van Houtte or Victor Ver-
dier (although the Manetti is most distinct
from all other roses).

Many kinds of stocks have been tried on
which to bud roses, as the Brier, the Grif-
f eraie, etc. , but for general use in this country
we very greatly prefer the Manetti. The
stocks are planted in nursery rows about

PRO PA GA TION. 1 05

three feet between the rows, and six or eight
inches apart ; in July and August the buds
are inserted ; the lower the buds can be put
in the better, as the liability to send up
suckers is thereby greatly diminished, and
opportunity is also afforded the plant of be-
ing ultimately established on its own roots.

PROPAGATION BY GRAFTING. — This is a
profitable mode to pursue when done in win-
ter under glass, using plants of Manetti or
Brier grown in pots for the purpose. Grafting
roses on the root cannot be made profitable,
as such a large percentage fail to grow.
Stock grafting is carried on in England and
elsewhere with great success, and although
the plants are not so desirable (owing to the
graft being of necessity some distance above
the roots) as those propagated by the other
methods, it affords nurserymen an oppor-
tunity of more quickly securing a stock of
new sorts, and also is advantageous as an aid
in producing more vigorous plants of such
varieties as Niphetos, than can possibly be
obtained from cuttings.

PROPAGATION BY LAYERING was once prac-
tised to considerable extent, but it is a slow
method, and is now but little used. Good
plants can be obtained in this way of Persian
Yellow and some other varieties which do

io6 THE ROSE.

not strike from cuttings, and it is the only
method by which certain kinds can be pro-
duced on their own roots.

Besides the methods spoken of, roses are
also produced from seed, but this is only
done where it is purposed to secure stocks,
as seedling Briers, or where it is the aim to
obtain new varieties.

IX.

EXHIBITING ROSES.

NTIL recently little attention has,
in this country, been given to a
careful exhibition of roses, but of
late years a decided interest has
been taken in the matter, and very credit-
able displays are now made in Boston and
New York. The Massachusetts Horticultural
Society has done a great deal to encourage
exhibits of cut-roses, and the numerous boxes
of splendid flowers to be seen at Boston
every June attract admirers from all parts of
the land. Much has been written and said
for and against the exhibition of cut-roses in
boxes. Objectors to the system claim that
wrong impressions are given to the public ;
amateurs see beautiful flowers of a certain
variety, and are thereby led to purchase and
attempt to grow plants of it, only to discover
that they don't grow; the variety being of
feeble constitution and requiring skilful
treatment, lives but a dismal life at their
107

io8 THE ROSE.

hands, and it is finally discarded as worthless ;
or it may be, the sort in question proves to
be a kind that gives a few good blooms in
June and plenty of shoots and leaves the rest
of the year, but nothing else. Wrong im-
pressions are doubtless often received at
these exhibits, for to gain by observation a
correct impression of the general qualities of
any variety it must be seen at different times,
growing in the garden or nursery row in
quantity. On the other hand, these exhibi-
tions certainly make prominent the more
beautiful roses, and as we are first attracted
to a rose by the richness or delicacy of its
color, and the symmetry of its form, we have
placed before us for easy comparison the
highest types of beauty to be found in the
rose family; and although from seeing in-
dividual flowers we learn nothing of the
character of varieties, as respects profusion
and continuity of bloom, or vigor and health-
fulness of growth, we, nevertheless, can be
assured that those kinds which appear fre-
quently and in great perfection in different
boxes are kinds which will certainly be useful
ones for general cultivation. Varieties,
particularly those not of recent origin, which
now and then sparsely appear in great beauty,
are not to be trusted on prima-facie evidence.

EXHIBITING ROSES. 109

The warning, "trust her not, she's fooling
thee," should be borne in mind in the exam-
ination of the beauties of these erratic stars,
and no one should commit himself in allegi-
ance to them without some knowledge of
their actual worth.

The following rule of the Massachusetts
Horticultural Society referring to boxes for
exhibition is given for the information of
those interested in the matter. All roses
competing for prizes, except those for the
general display, must be exhibited in boxes
of the dimensions named below :

Length. Breadth. Height.

For 24 roses, 4 ft. i ft. 6 in. Back of box, 6 in. ; front, 4 in.

" 12 roses, 2 ft. 2 in. i ft. 6 in. " 6 in. ; " 4 in.

" 6 roses, i ft. 6 in. i ft. 6 in. " 6 in. ; " 4 in.

" 3 roses, i ft. i ft. 6 in. " 6 in. ; u 4 in.

One of the most important points con-
nected with showing roses is the proper ar-
rangement as regards size and colors of the
flowers.

" Cut first of all your grandest blooms, be-
cause no Mede nor Persian ever made law
more unalterable than this : The largest roses
must be placed at the back, the smallest in the
front, and the intermediate in the middle of
your boxes. They become by this arrange-
ment so gradually, beautifully less, that the

no THE ROSE.

disparity of size is imperceptible. Trans-
gress this rule, and the result will be dis-
astrous, ludicrous, as when some huge Lon-
don carriage-horse is put in harness with the
paternal cob, or as when some small but am-
bitious dancer runs round and round the
tallest girl at the ball in the gyrations of
the mazy waltz. . . . The arrangement of
roses with regard to their color has not been
studied as it deserves to be. The amateur
with more leisure than the man of business
for the study of the beautiful, and for the
most effective display of his fewer flowers,
ought to excel, but, as a rule, does not. His
roses are very rarely made the most of in
this respect, but are frequently marred and
spoiled, the colors clashing and contending
with each other instead of combining against
their common adversary. It is told of a
highly sensitive dame whose silly pride was
in dress, that she went into hysterics before
a large party when her great rival in milli-
nery came and sat upon the ottoman beside
her in a grand garment of the same color as
her own, but of a much more brilliant and
effective dye ; and I have seen many a rose
which would weep, if it could, aromatic rose-
water, subdued by a like despair. Once upon
a time six pretty sisters lived at home to-

EXHIBITING ROSES. in

gether always. In looks, in figure, in voice,
gait, and apparel, they exactly resembled
each other. Young gentlemen seeing them
apart, fell madly in love, as young gentlemen
ought to do ; but on going to the house and
being introduced to the family they were
bewildered by the exact similitude, didn't
know which they had come to see, couldn't
think of proposing at random, made blunders,
apologies, retreats. It seemed as though all
these charming flowers would be left to
wither on the virgin thorn, when one of
them was permitted to leave her home upon
a visit to a distant friend. She returned in
six weeks bien fiancee, and six months after
was a bride. The rest followed her example.
So it is that six scarlet roses or six pink roses
in close proximity perplex the spectator and
depreciate each other by their monotonous
identity; isolated or contrasted we admire
them heartily." *

Roses should be cut and placed in their
proper positions for exhibition in the same
boxes in which they are to be shown previous
to the time appointed for exhibition. Some
favored individuals who live close by the
place where the show is held find it practica-
ble to bring the flowers in baskets or trays,

* " A Book about Roses," Chapter XIV., S. Reynolds Hole.

H2 THE ROSE.

and arrange them in their proper positions
in the room where they are to be displayed
two or three hours before the time appointed
for the judges to go their round. When roses
come from any distance they should be care-
fully arranged at home, and then when the
boxes arrive at destination any flowers that
suffered in transit can be replaced from the
supply put up for this purpose. The day be-
ing cloudy and cool, roses may be cut at any
time, but it is prudent to rely on the early
morning hours as the best time for the pur-
pose. An experience in cutting roses at sun-
rise, on a fresh cool morning in June, is an
experience worth living for. A careful ex-
amination of one's treasures the day before
the flowers are to be cut will enable one to
estimate the strength on hand and decide
finally as to what classes shall be contended
for. All the details should be considered in
advance, and the writing of cards, giving of
names of varieties, providing green moss,
etc., not left till the last moment. Ama-
teurs who do not comprehend the manner of
construction of exhibition boxes and the way
the flowers are to be arranged in them, would
do well to apply to the Secretary of the
Massachusetts Horticultural Society, Horti-
cultural Hall, Boston, who will have sent to

EXHIBITING ROSES. 113

them a box from which they can pattern, or
all the boxes required will be sent ; he will
also furnish the schedule of prizes offered by
the society. I mention this society because
its exhibits are of higher character than any
others, both as regards the quality of the
flowers displayed and the general arrange-
ments and facilities afforded. Boston excels
in the exhibit of Hybrid Remontants, while
New York stands first in staging fine Teas,
but at both places displays are made that
should have the encouragement of all who
are interested in the improvement of our
rose exhibitions.
8

ROSES UNDER GLASS. BY J. N. MAY.

HERE are a number of roses which
do not attain perfection when
grown in open air, and others that
do not thrive at all except under
glass. For these it is necessary to provide a
rose-house, which, besides enabling us to
grow satisfactorily the delicate kinds, will
supply us with flowers during the winter
months of any more robust sorts we choose
to grow. If it is desired to grow more than
one family of roses, two or more houses are
desirable, so that they can be treated to suit
their several requirements. Tea Roses need
one treatment, Hybrid Perpetuals and nearly
all hardy roses require another somewhat
different. I will first give the treatment re-
quisite for insuring the best results with Tea
Roses, commencing with their propagation.

CUTTINGS. — Use young, vigorous wood
taken from healthy plants; the wood is in
the right condition when the flower buds are
114

ROSES UNDER GLASS. 115

well developed. Take cuttings with two or
three leaf stalks, remove the lower one and
make a smooth cut, if possible just beneath
where the leaf stalk was removed ; with the
back of the knife knock off all thorns from
the wood and insert the cutting in your bed
of sand ; press around the cutting firmly, and
water thoroughly with tepid water. After
this process the cuttings should never be al-
lowed to get dry, the sand must be kept
moist by frequent syringing. If the tempera-
ture of the house is kept at from fifty to fifty-
five degrees at night and from sixty to
seventy during the day, the cuttings will be
well rooted in twenty-eight or thirty days
after the day they are put in.

To know when they are in the right con-
dition to pot off : with a thin, flat stick, care-
fully pry a few out of the sand ; if they have
made roots one-half inch long, they can be
potted. The soil must be prepared by taking
three parts good loam, one part sand, one
part well-rotted cow-manure; these are to
be thoroughly mixed and placed in a warm
position. Use two-and-a-half-inch pots, press
about the cuttings firmly ; when potted place
near the glass. Do not water heavily for a
few days ; until they begin to grow freely a
light syringing, just enough to keep the

n6 THE ROSE.

plants from becoming dry, is all that is
necessary.

In about three weeks, the plants, if prop-
erly treated, will be ready to shift into four
or five-inch pots. The same care used in the
first potting must be observed in this. By
watering the plants an hour or so before
shifting, they will leave the pot with a ball
of earth, and thus but slight check or disturb-
ance is given to the growth of the plants.
The pots should always be filled to the
amount of one-fourth or one-fifth their depth
with broken pieces of pots, or similar sub-
stances, in order to secure perfect drainage.
After four or five weeks' growth the plants
should be ready for the second shift, when
six or seven-inch pots will be needed. The
same soil should be used, but with the addi-
tion of one shovelful of pure ground bone to
every forty shovels of soil ; this must be well
mixed. In shifting plants always use clean
pots.

The best time to make cuttings is during
the month of January ; if you cannot obtain
good cuttings of your own, order young
plants from some good grower, to be delivered
to you some time in February or March.
These plants will probably be from two-and-
a-half-inch pots and will be ready for their

ROSES UNDER GLASS. 117

first shift. Do not order the plants sent by
mail, for tinder no circumstances will plants
by mail ever be as good as those sent by ex-
press ; for the reason that the soil is shaken
off the roots when prepared for mailing, and
the roots get damaged in transit. I would
rather pay double the price for every plant
I wanted and have them come by express
than have them mailed at one-half the
price.

After the sun causes the temperature of the
house to rise during the day, as during mild,
clear days in February, March, and April,
careful attention must be paid to ventilation ;
air is to be given from the ridge, never from
the front, until after the first of June, or the
plants will suffer from mildew, etc. The
Aphis must be kept off by tobacco fumiga-
tion ; never allow the plants to become in the
least infested. Prevent mildew by dusting
flowers of sulphur on the pipes or flues,
which should previously be moistened with
water.

The plants will be ready for removal from
the houses to open air about the first of June.
The position chosen for plunging the roses
must not be one exposed to sweeping winds
or strong draughts of air. The pots may be
plunged in a bed of coal-ashes, or any similar

n8 THE ROSE.

material, about four inches in depth. The
plants should be syringed once a day to keep
them healthy ; if the surface of the soil be-
comes green carefully remove it and fill up
with fresh soil. When the pots are filled
with roots we give the final shift for the sea-
son, using eight, nine, or ten-inch pots ac-
cording to the size and strength of the plant.
If it is desired to grow the plants on benches,
out of pots, this last shift is not used. For
this purpose the side benches should not ex-
ceed three feet six inches in width, and next
the front should be twelve or fourteen inches
from the glass. The benches must be so
made as to hold five or six inches of soil, and
the bottom boards laid one-half inch apart,
so as to secure good drainage; over the
cracks are placed thin sods, the grass side
downward ; these prevent the soil from being
washed away by watering. The first bench
being nearer the glass than the others should
be used for the more delicate growing kinds,
like Niphetos, etc. If the house be not
pitched too high, the middle bench can be
made level, like the front one, using the back
portion for the taller growing sorts. The
third bench, if there be one, must be raised
so as to bring the plants about the same dis-
tance from the glass as does the first one.

ROSES UNDER GLASS. 119

The plants should be placed about sixteen or
eighteen inches apart, each way, and should
be in position in June or July. When well
established and growing freely, give them a
mulching of good rotten manure mixed with
bone-dust; one shovel bone-dust to twenty
of manure is a good proportion. The amount
of water to be given will vary with the
weather; during clear and hot days they
should have a vigorous spraying, given by a
syringe or from the hose, twice a day. When
it is cloudy or cool they may need but a slight
sprinkling once a day. The soil should
never be allowed to become dry so as to show
dust, or to be saturated with water ; either
extreme is dangerous to the health of the
plants. From the time of planting out, say
the last of June, until the middle of Septem-
ber, or until the nights become chilly, all the
ventilators should be constantly left wide
open ; when cool weather begins they must
be closed at night, but air should always be
given from the ridge during the day, unless
the weather be adverse. It should be the
endeavor to keep the temperature fifty-five
degrees at night, and sixty-five to eighty de-
grees during the da)r. If these instructions
are carefully heeded, there will be an abun-
dant supply of fine roses all through the sea-

120 THE ROSE.

son, from the first of October to the end of
the following June, when the same process
will be repeated. Although the old plants
can be used for a second season, I do not
advocate it; the extra expense and trouble
of renewing the beds of soil and the plants
every season, I have proved by experience is
more than compensated for by the better and
more constant supply of fine blooms.

If it is decided to grow the plants in pots
all the season a somewhat different treat-
ment is to be followed. After the final shift
the plants are again placed on the bed of
ashes, where they are constantly to be
watched and cared for, the dead leaves picked
off and the surface of the soil occasionally
stirred, care being taken not to disturb the
young roots. During hot weather it is best
to water in the evening, but when the nights
become cool the morning is a better time.
By the middle of August we slightly with-
hold watering, so that the plants may obtain
a hardy constitution and a partial rest of a
few weeks. The greenhouses should be
thoroughly cleaned, ready to receive the
plants by the middle of September. After
the plants are housed they should be mulched
with thoroughly rotted cow-manure, fifteen
parts, mixed with one part pure ground bone.

ROSES UNDER GLASS. 121

As much is to be placed on each pot as will
remain and not wash off. The soil is to be
examined to see that it does not get too wet.
In ten or fifteen days after the plants are
placed in the house they will begin to show
plenty of blooms, and will continue to push
forth buds all the winter. By the first of
December, if the plants are doing well, they
should have a little weak liquid manure.
Place one-half bushel of fresh cow-manure in
a barrel containing fifty gallons of water;
stir it thoroughly and let it stand two days
before using. The plants may be allowed to
become a little dry before the liquid is ap-
plied ; it can be used once a week. Chicken
manure is also excellent, applied in the same
way, but as it is stronger, about twice the
amount of water should be used. When
neither of these fertilizers can be had, Peru-
vian guano, two pounds to fifty gallons of
water, may be substituted. A peck of soot
tied in a coarse bag and allowed to stand in
water for several hours, is also a useful stim-
ulant. To destroy worms and keep the soil
sweet a dose of lime-water may occasionally
be given with excellent results. One peck of
fresh lime is placed in a barrel, and enough
water added to it to slake it, as a mason
would do in making mortar. When the lime

122 THE ROSE.

has been slaked, add fifty gallons of water
and then let it stand until clear.

The mulching about the plants may be
renewed during the winter, and toward
spring the liquid manure can be given more
frequently than at the first. At the end of
the season, say the first week in June, the
plants should be removed from the green-
house to the plunging ground ; it is desirable
now to plunge the pots up to the rim, as this
keeps the plants somewhat moist, and much
less water is required. The supply of water
should be gradually lessened, that the growth
may be checked and the plants obtain a few
weeks' rest ; in doing this, care must be had
that the young wood does not shrivel. After
a rest of about five weeks, the plants are to
be shifted into pots one or two sizes larger.
By the middle of August it will be time to
cut away all weak wood, reserving the young
and strong shoots ; these should be tied to
neat stakes. As the plants show signs of
forming new growth, a little more water
must be given ; they should be housed by the
middle of September and treated the same
way as in the previous year.

Hybrid Perpetual Roses must be managed
differently from the Teas. They are propa-
gated and grown in the same way until the

ROSES UNDER GLASS. 123

first of September, when they should be
sorted, and all those having the strongest
and ripest wood placed by themselves.
Water is to be gradually withheld until
growth stops, this will be in two or three
weeks ; the pots are then to be laid on their
sides, on a bed of coal-ashes ; if the weather
is hot and dry cover the pots with rough
grass, hay, or any light material; in this
condition they can, if desired, remain several
weeks, provided they are not allowed to get
hard frozen.

Presuming that the blooms are required
for New Year's, the plants should be
thoroughly ripened by the 2$th of Septem-
ber, and must be pruned about that time ; in
doing this remove entirely all weak shoots
and shorten the strong ones to within a few
buds of the base, cutting back to a plump
eye. Stand the pots up and water them a
little at a time till the balls are soaked
through; on warm days, syringe the tops
frequently. Should the nights get frosty
place the plants in a pit or cold frame, cover-
ing with sashes. If no such place be ready
the plants must be removed to the green-
house; in any event they will need to go
there when the eyes have well started. Be
sure to give plenty of air on all mild days,

124 THE ROSE.

and syringe two or three times a day, accord-
ing to the heat of the sun. Do not allow the
temperature to exceed forty degrees at night
for the first three weeks ; after that it can be
gradually increased to forty-five degrees. In
early November, special care must be taken
not to overwater, at the same time the plants
must never be allowed to get dry from the
time the plants start into growth until the
blooms are cut. The temperature will be
kept at forty-five degrees for the night, or
a very little above that point, until the flower
buds form ; so soon as the buds are well de-
veloped the night temperature can be gradu-
ally increased to fifty-five degrees. So soon
as it is seen that the flower buds are forming,
liquid manure may be given, as directed for
Tea Roses.

If the flowers are wanted any earlier than
January the plants must be ripened corre-
spondingly early. It generally takes fourteen
weeks from the time of starting to bring Hy-
brid Perpetual Roses into bloom. The loca-
tion, soil, etc., all exert influences in this
matter, and the operator must adapt himself
to the circumstances of the case. Certainly
there is no royal road to success in forcing
roses ; it is only by hard work, patient and
careful watching, night and day, that success

ROSES UNDER GLASS. 125

can be obtained. When the crop of flowers
is cut the plants can be treated about the
same as the Teas, excepting they will not
need quite so much water for a few weeks
until they begin to grow freely again ; then
encouragement should be given them, for
the finer the growth now the better will be
the produce the next season. At the begin-
ning of June they can be taken out of doors
and receive the same treatment as young
plants.

Varieties suitable for forcing are numer-
ous (see Chapter XI. for list of varieties),
perhaps the best dark ones for very early
work are General Jacqueminot and Fisher
Holmes. Varieties of Tea Roses suitable for
forcing are almost innumerable, and every
grower has his favorites ; among the newer
sorts some of the Hybrid Teas will certainly
rank among the first.

For this chapter readers are indebted to Mr.
J.N.May, of Summit, N. J., a practical cul-
tivator, one of the most successful rosarians
who grow flowers for the New York market.
Roses under glass are nowhere brought to
such perfection as in the neighborhood of
Summit and Madison, New Jersey. In the
English rose exhibitions are yet to be seen

126 THE ROSE.

the finest specimens of hardy roses, but to
see the most beautiful blooms of Tea Roses
that the world produces we must go to New
Jersey ; this chapter, from one of the adepts,
will therefore be of great practical value
to all who are interested in growing roses
through the winter months.

XL

VARIETIES BEST ADAPTED FOR SPECIAL
PURPOSES.

The kinds marked with an asterisk (*) should be
first chosen.

1OR PEGGING-DOWN AND BEDDING. —
For this purpose monthly roses
are the best, and in selecting suit-
able varieties, several necessary
qualities must be considered. When we
plant roses in isolated positions we often do
so having regard to some special features
which, by themselves, would not make the
varieties of value for massing together.
Thus, Marechal Niel and Niphetos are not
desirable kinds, though they are the finest
roses of their color. The requisites for a
good bedding rose are, freedom of bloom,
healthy habit of growth, and pure, steadfast
color. Symmetry of form, fragrance, and
fulness of flower should also be taken into
consideration.

127

128 THE ROSE.

We commend the following :

*Agrippina, *Apolline, Edward Desfosses,
*George Peabody, *Hermosa, Queen of Bour-
bons, *Malmaison, Madame Caroline Kus-
ter, Pumila, Bougere, Catherine Mermet,
Countess Riza du Pare, General Tartas,
*Gerard Desbois, *Homer, Jean Pernet, *La
Princesse Vera, Madame de Vatry, *Madame
Lambard, Marie Ducher, Marie Guillot,
*Marie Van Houtte, *Monsieur Furtado,
*Perle des Jardins, Rubens, *Sombreuil,
Souvenir d'un Ami, Triomphe de Luxem-
bourg, *La France, Michael Saunders,
Paquerette, Soupert-et-Notting (Moss), Co-
quette des Alpes, *Eliza Boelle, Madame
Auguste Perrin.

The Hybrid Remontants are not quite so
useful for bedding roses as those above
named, since they are not continuously in
bloom, but they are very beautiful massed
together and are capable of producing great
effects. All of these are desirable :

Abel Grand, *Alfred Colomb, Anne de
Diesbach, Annie Wood, Baronne Prevost,
Baroness Rothschild, Boieldieu, *Countess
of Serenye, Charles Lefebvre, Charles Mar-
gottin, Countess of Oxford, *Eugenie Ver-
dier, *Fisher Holmes, *Frangois Michelon,
Gabriel Tournier, General Jacqueminot,

VARIETIES FOR SPECIAL PURPOSES. 129

Hippolyte Jatnain, *John Hopper, La Reine,
La Rosiere, Louis Van Houtte, Mabel Mor-
rison, Madame Charles Wood, Madame V.
Verdier, *Marguerite de St. Amand, *Marie
Baumann, Paul Neyron, Pierre Netting,
*Rev. J. B. M. Camm, Victor Verdier.

FOR FORCING. — We need for this purpose
varieties that will flower freely and that are
of high finish ; only the most beautiful should
be grown.

Among Monthly Roses the most desirable
are : * Agrippina, Douglass, Souvenir de la
Malmaison, Cloth of Gold, Marechal Neil,
Marie Berton, Bon Silene, *Catherine Mermet
(not very free, but most beautiful), *Cornelia
Cook (same attributes as Mermet), Homer,
Innocente Pirola, *Isabella Sprunt, Jean Per-
net, *Madame Bravy, *Madame de Vatry,
Madame Lambard, *Marie Guillot, *Marie
Van Houtte, Monsieur Furtado, Niphetos,
Odorata, *Perle des Jardins, *Rubens, Sa-
frano, Souvenir d'un Ami, Triomphe de
Luxembourg, Beauty of Stapleford, Captain
Christy, Duke of Connaught, La France,
Madame A. Bernaix, Mademoiselle B. Violet,
Nancy Lee, Viscountess Falmouth, Soupert-
et-Notting (Moss), *Eliza Boelle, Madame
Noman.

Among Hybrid Remontants choose from
9

130 THE ROSE.

Abel Carriere, *A. Colomb, Anne de Dies-
bach, *Baroness Rothschild, Charles Lefeb-
vre, Countess Cecile, *Countess of Serenye,
Countess of Oxford, Etienne Levet, *Eugenie
Verdier, *Fisher Holmes, Francois Michelon,
General Jacqueminot, H. Jamain, Jean Lia-
baud, *John Hopper, Louis Van Houtte,
Mabel Morrison, La Rosiere, *Marguerite de
St. Amande, Marie Baumann, Paul Neyron,
Pierre Netting, *Rev. J. B. M. Camm, V. Ver-
dier.

CLIMBING ROSES FOR CONSERVATORY. —
Aimee Vibert Scandens, Banksia White,
Banksia Yellow, *Celine Forrestier, Claire
Carnot, Cloth of Gold, *Lamarque, Marechal
Niel, *Solfaterre, Belle Lyonnaise, *Gloire
de Dijon, Madame Berard, *Marie Berton,
Reine Marie Henriette.

HARDY ROSES, THAT ARE FREE AUTUMNAL
SORTS. — Gloire de Dijon, *La France, Vis-
countess Falmouth, Salet, Soupert-et-Not-
ting. All the Hybrid Noisettes. Abel Grand,
* Alfred Colomb, Antoine Verdier, Annie
Wood, Baronne Prevost, *Baroness Roths-
child, *Boieldieu, Caroline de Sansal, *Coun-
tess of Serenye, Etienne Levet, Eugenie
Verdier, *Frangois Michelon, Gabriel Tour-
nier, General Washington, Hippolyte Jamain,
Horace Vernet, John Hopper, Jules Margot-

VARIETIES FOR SPECIAL PURPOSES. 131

tin, La Reine, Louis Van Houtte, Mabel
Morrison, Madame Charles Wood, *Mar-
guerite de St. Amand, Marie Baumann,
Monsieur Noman, Paul Neyron, Princess
Charlotte, *Rev. J. B. M. Camm, Victor Ver-
dier. These are not all perfectly hardy ; for
list of such kinds see below.

HIGHLY SCENTED ROSES. — With but few
exceptions all Moss Roses. Blanchefleur,
Centifolia, Madame Hardy, *Marechal Niel,
Aline Sisley, *Bon Silene, Catherine Mermet,
Countess Riza du Pare, *Devoniensis, Jules
Finger, *Madame Bravy, Madame F. Janin,
Marie Van Houtte, *Odorata, Rubens, Sou-
venir d'un Ami, *Duchess of Connaught,
Hon. George Bancroft, *La France, *Nancy
Lee, *Viscountess Falmouth, *Soupert-et-
Notting, * Alfred Colomb, Baronne Prevost,
Bessie Johnson, Fisher Holmes, General
Jacqueminot, Horace Vernet, Louis Van
Houtte, Mme. Chirard, *Madame Victor Ver-
dier, Marie Baumann, Marie Rady, Maurice
Bernardin, Pierre Netting, Prince de Porcia,
Queen of Waltham, *Rev. J. B. M. Camm,
Xavier Olibo.

THE MOST HARDY ROSES. — Abel Grand,
Anne de Diesbach, Baron de Bonstetten,
*Baronne Prevost, Baroness Rothschild,
Boieldieu, Caroline de Sansal, Charles Mar-

132 THE ROSE.

gottin, Countess of Serenye, Edward Morren,
Francois Michelon, General Jacqueminot,
Jules Margottin, *La Reine, Mabel Morrison,
Madame Boll, Madame Joly, Marchioness of
Exeter, Marguerite de St. Amande, Marquise
de Castellane, Maurice Bernardin, Rev. J. B.
M. Camm. All summer roses, with scarce
any exception, are hardy, more so than any
of the Hybrid Remontants. The most hardy
of the Monthly Roses are Apolline, Edward
Desfosses, Hermosa, Louise Odier, Aimee
Vibert, Caroline Marniesse, Gloire de Dijon,
Reine Marie Henriette, Bougere, Gerard
Desbois, Homer, Madame de Vatry, Marie
Ducher, Sombreuil.

THE MOST BEAUTIFUL ROSES, OR THOSE

SUITED FOR EXHIBITION. — Souvenir de la
Malmaison, Cloth of Gold, *Marechal Niel,
Madame Berard, *Marie Berton, Catherine
Mermet, *Cornelia Cook, *Homer, *Madame
Bravy, *Marie Guillot, Marie Van Houtte,
Monsieur Furtado, Niphetos, Perle des Jar-
dins, *Rubens, Souvenir d'un Ami, *Captain
Christy, *La France, Madame Alexander
Bernaix, Princess Lousie Victoria, *Eliza
Boelle, *Madame Noman, A. Geoffrey St.
Hilaire, Abel Carriere, *A. Colomb, A. K.
Williams, Baron de Bonstetten, * Baroness
Rothschild, *Charles Lefebvre, Charles Mar-

VARIETIES FOR SPECIAL PURPOSES. 133

gottin, Countess Cecile, Countess of Serenye,
Edward Morren, Egeria, *Eugenie Verdier,
*E. Y. Teas, Fisher Holmes, Francois Miche-
lon, George Prince, Horace Vernet, *Jean
Liabaud, John Hopper, Jules Margottin, La
Rosiere, *Louis Van Houtte, Mabel Morri-
son, *Madame Victor Verdier, Marguerite de
St. Amand, *Marie Baumann, *Marie Rady,
Marquise de Castellane, Maurice Bernardin,
Monsieur Noman, Paul Neyron, * Pierre Net-
ting, *Rev. J. B. M. Camm, Victor Verdier,
*Xavier Olibo.

XII.

RAISERS OF THE BEST ROSES.

ITH the immense number of vari-
eties produced and sent out each
year, it would be well if we had
some criterion which would en-
able us to select the probably meritorious
sorts from the mass of kinds which are worth-
less. We have, as yet, no better guide than
the reputation of the raisers ; by comparing
the best sorts of the different growers we can
estimate with some exactness the value each
grower has been to the world ; judging from
what we have received in the past, we can
estimate, in a measure, the value of that
proffered annually by the different raisers of
new roses.

The best sorts of each raiser are given in
the accompanying list, and are those kinds
most generally grown the world over.

* These raisers are dead, or have retired
from business, or are not likely to be heard
from again.

134

RAISERS OF THE BEST ROSES. 135

The abbreviations used describing the
classes are: A. — Austrian; B. — Bourbon;
Beng.— Bengal; Cl. T.— Climbing Tea; D.
—Damask; Hy. Cl.— Hybrid Climber; Hy.
N.— Hybrid Noisette; H. R.— Hybrid Re-
montant; H. T.— Hybrid Tea; M.— Moss;
N.— Noisette; P.— Prairie; P. M.— Perpetual
Moss ; Pol. — Polyantha ; Prov. — Provence ;
T.— Tea.

*Baumann. France.
Marie Baumann H. R. 1863

*Jean Btluze. Lyons, France.
His first variety was sent out in 1840.

Souvenir de la Malmaison B. 1843

Leveson Gower " 1846

Henry Bennett. England.

First variety issued in 1879.

Beauty of Stapleford Hy.T. 1879

Duchess of Connaught " 1879

Duchess of Westminster " 1879

Duke of Connaught " 1879

Hon. George Bancroft " 1879

Jean Sisley " 1879

Michael Saunders " 1879

Nancy Lee " 1879

Pearl " 1879

Viscountess Falmouth " 1879

136 THE ROSE.

These were raised by other parties, but were
purchased and sent out by Bennett.

Duchess of Edinburgh H. R. 1874

Egeria " 1878

Lord Beaconsfield " 1878

Mabel Morrison " 1878

Madame Welche T. 1878

* Daniel Boll. New York.

Madame Boll (sent out by Boyeau) H.R. 1859

*Boyeau. France.

Solfaterre N. 1843

Souvenir de Mons. Boll H.R. 1866

Broughton* (Amateur. ) England.

Mabel Morrison H.R. 1878

B. R. Cant. Colchester, England.

Prince Arthur H.R. 1875

Scipion Cochet. France.

Souv. de la Reine d'Angleterre H.R. 1855

Anthony Cook. (Koch.) Baltimore, Md.

Cornelia Cook T. 1855

Cranston &* Co. King's Acre, England.

Climbing Jules Margottin Hy.Cl. 1875

Sir Garnet Wolseley H.R. 1875

Mrs. Jowitt " 1880

RAISERS OF THE BEST ROSES. 13?

Frederick Damaizin. Lyons, France.
Introduced his first variety in 1857.

Mademoiselle Rachel T. 1860

Madame Charles " 1864

Abel Grand H.R. 1865

Felix Genero " 1866

Madame Nachury " 1873

La Rosiere " 1874

Davis. England.

Penelope Mayo H.R. 1878

* Desprez. France.

Desprez N. 1838

Baronne Prevost H.R. 1842

Caroline de Sansal " 1849

Ducher and Widow. Lyons, France.
First variety sent out in 1852.

Gloire de Ducher H.R. 1865

Nardy Freres " 1865

Antoine Ducher " 1866

Marie Ducher T. 1868

Ducher Beng. 1869

Coquette de Lyon T. 1870

Marie Van Houtte " 1871

Perle de Lyon " 1872

Comte de Sembui " 1874

Jean Ducher " 1874

Marechal Robert " 1875

Triomphe de Milan " 1876

Madame Maurice Kuppenheim " 1877

Innocente Pirola. . " 1878

138 THE ROSE.

Madame Welche T. 1878

Jean Lorthois " 1879

Jules Finger " 1879

Madame Louis Henry N. 1879

Mademoiselle Ce'cile Brunner Pol. 1880

* Feast. Baltimore, Md.

Anna Maria P. 1843

Baltimore Belle " 1843

Queen of Prairies " 1843

* Fontaine per e. Chatillon, France.

Queen Victoria H.R. 1850

Mme. Chas. Crapelet " 1859

Marie Rady " 1865

Charles Fontaine. Chatillon, France.

Louis Dore H.R. 1878

Gar$on. Rouen, France.

Mme. Hippolyte Jamain H.R. 1871

Boieldieu " 1877

Gautreau. France.

Camille Bernardin H. R. 1865

Mme. de St. Pulgent " 1872

J. M. Gonod. Lyons, France.
Introduced his first variety in 1863.

Achille Gonod H.R. 1864

Mme. Louis Donadine " 1877

Mme. Anna de Besobrasoff " 1877

Mme. Eugene Chambeyran " 1878

Mile. Julie Dymonier " 1879

RAISERS OF THE BEST ROSES. 139

Granger.

General Washington H.R. 1861

Maurice Bernardin " 1861

Duke of Wellington " 1864

Exposition de Brie " 1865

Edward Morren " 1868

* Guillot pere. Lyons, France.
Introduced his first variety in 1842.

Duchesse de Thuringe B. 1847

Canary T. 1852

Lord Raglan H.R. 1854

Senateur Vaisse " 1859

Mme. Bellenden Ker H.N. 1866

Monsieur Noman H.R. 1867

Mme. Noman H.N. 1867

Countess of Oxford H.R. 1869

Eliza Boelle H.N. 1869

J. B. Guillot fi Is. Lyons, France.
Introduced his first variety in 1858.

Mme. Falcot T. 1858

Horace Vernet H.R. 1866

Mme. Margottin T. 1866

La France H.T. 1867

Eugenie Verdier H. R. 1869

Catherine Mermet T. 1869

Comtesse de Nadaillac " 1871

Abbe Bramerel H. R. 1871

Claire Carnot N. 1873

Aline Sisley T. 1874

140 THE ROSE.

Marie Guillot T. 1874

Paquerette Pol. 1875

Mme. Alex Bernaix H.T. 1877

Mme. Angele Jacquier T. 1879

Pierre Guillot H.T. 1879

* Guinoiseau. France.

Empereur de Maroc H.R. 1858

* Hardy. Paris, France.

Mme. Hardy Dam. 1832

Bon Silene T. 1839

Triomphe de Luxembourg "

* Harrison. (Amateur.) New York.

Harrison's Yellow A. 1830

*Jacotot. (Amateur.) France.

Gloire de Dijon Cl.T. 1853

Hippolyte Jamain. Paris, France.

Mme. Boutin H.R. 1861

Dupuy Jamain " 1868

Constantin Tretiakoff " 1877

Paul Jamain " 1878

* Knight. England.

Princess Louise Victoria H. Cl. 1872

Francois Lacharme. Lyons, France.
Introduced his first variety in 1844.

Victor Verdier H. R. 1852

Salet P.M. 1854

Pseonia H.R. 1855

KAISERS OF THE BEST ROSES. 141

Anne de Diesbach H.R. 1858

Charles Lefebvre " 1861

Mme. A. de Rougemont H.N. 1862

Xavier Olibo H.R. 1864

Alfred Colomb " 1865

Baronne de Maynard H.N. 1865

Coquette des Alpes " 1867

BouledeNeige " 1867

Louis Van Houtte H.R. 1869

Coquette des Blanches H.N. 1871

Mme. Lacharme Hy. China 1872

Captain Christy H.T. 1873

Hippolyte Jamain H. R. 1874

Countess of Serenye " 1874

Jean Soupert " 1875

Mme. Lambard T. 1877

Catherine Soupert H. R. 1879

Julius Finger H.T. 1879

* Laffay. Bellevue, France.

Mme. Laffay H.R. 1839

William Jesse " 1840

Duchess of Sutherland : . . " 1840

La Reine " 1844

Princess Adelaide M. 1845

Coupe d'Hebe Hy. China

Auguste Mie H.R. 1851

Laneii M. 1854

Capt. John Ingram " 1856

Monsieur Furtado T. 1863

* Lansezeur. France.

Triomphe de Rennes N. 1857

142 THE ROSE.

Thomas Laxton. Bedford, England.

Annie Laxton H.R. 1869

Princess Louise " 1869

Empress of India " 1876

Emily Laxton " 1877

Marchioness of Exeter " 1877

Mrs. Laxton " 1878

Richard Laxton " 1878

Charles Darwin " 1879

Doctor Hogg " 1880

Mrs. Harry Turner " 1880

* Ltcomte. France.

Marechal Vaillant H.R. 1861

Ledfahaux. France.

Henri Ledechaux H. R. 1868

Madame Ferdinand Janin " 1875

Leon Renault " 1878

Antoine Levet. Lyons, France.
Introduced his first variety in 1866.

Mademoiselle Therese Levet H. R. 1866

Belle Lyonnaise Cl.T. 1869

Madame Trifle " 1869

Paul Neyron H.R. 1869

Madame Berard Cl.T. 1870

Madame Jules Margottin T. 1871

Francis Michelon H. R. 1871

Madame Fra^ois Janin T. 1872

Perle des Jardins " 1874

Antoine Mouton H.R. 1874

RAISERS OF THE BEST ROSES. 143

Marie Berton Cl.T. 1875

Madame Etienne Levet Hy. T. 1878

Mademoiselle Brigitte Violet " 1878

Reine Marie Henriette Cl. T. 1878

Madame Ducher t H.R. 1879

Fran9ois Levet " 1880

Ldveque &>* Son. Ivry, near Paris, France.

Due de Rohan H.R. 1861

Emile Hausburgh " 1868

Devienne Lamy " 1868

Richard Wallace " 1871

Madame Louise Leveque " 1873

Avocat Duvivier 1875

Princess Charlotte " 1877

Gaston Leveque " 1878

Madame Chedane Guinoiseau T. 1880

Liabaud. Lyons, France.
Introduced his first variety in 1852.

Madame Clemence Joigneaux H.R. 1861

Jean Cherpin " 1865

Marquise de Mortemart " 1868

Baron de Bonstetten " 1871

Jean Liabaud " 1875

Mademoiselle Emma Hall " 1876

Madame de Laboulaye " 1877

Madame Gabriel Luizet " 1878

Claude Bernard " 1878

* Marest. France.

Comtesse Cecile de Chabrillant H.R. 1859

144 THE ROSE.

Mar got tin pere. Paris, France.

Louise Odier B. 1851

Alexandrine Bachmetieff H.R. 1852

Jules Margottin " 1853

Triomphe de 1' Exposition " 1855

Anne Alexieff " 1858

Charles Margottin " 1864

Charles Turner " 1869

Madame de Ridder " 1871

Triomphe de France H.R. 1875

Madame Jeanne Joubert '. B. 1877

Gloire de Bourg La Reine H.R. 1879

Margottin fits. Paris, France.

Comte de Mortemart H.R. 1880

Madame Isaac Pereire B. 1880

Moreau-Robert. Angers, France.

Sombreuil T. 1851

Madame Edward Ory P.M. 1854

Homer T. 1859

Rubens " 1859

Blanche Moreau M. 1880

Mottheau. France.

Comtesse de Choiseuil H.R. 1878

Nabonnand. Golfe Juan, France.
Duchess of Edinburgh (sent out by

Veitch) Hy.Beng. 1874

Cannes La Coquette Hy.T. 1877

La Princesse Vera T. 1878

Duchesse de Vallombrosa *' 1879

KAISEXS OF THE BEST ROSES. 145

* NJrard. France.

Giant of Battles H.R. 1846

Oger. France.

Triomphe de Beaute H.R. 1853

Madame Pierre Oger B. 1878

Has sent out upward of 25 varieties, none
being of first quality.

Paul 6*» Son (George Paul) . Cheshunt, Eng.

Lord Clyde H.R. 1863

Duke of Edinburgh " 1868

Climbing Victor Verdier " 1871

Cheshunt Hybrid H.T. 1872

S. Reynolds Hole H.R. 1872

The Shah " 1874

Duke of Connaught " 1875

Climbing Bessie Johnson " 1878

John Bright " 1878

Climbing Edward Morren " 1879

Marquis of Salisbury " 1879

Duke of Teck " 1880

Glory of Cheshunt " 1880

Wm. Paul &» Son. Waltham Cross, Eng.

Beauty of Waltham H.R. 1862

Lord Macaulay " 1863

Princess Beatrice " 1872

Peach Blossom " 1874

Queen of Waltham " 1875

Star of Waltham " 1875

Magna Charta " 1876

xo

I46 THE ROSE.

Queen Eleanor H.R. 1876

Rosy Morn " 1878

R. Dudley Baxter " 1879

Crown Prince " 1880

Masterpiece " 1880

James Pent I and. Baltimore, Md.

Doctor Kane N. 1856

George Peabody B. 1857

J. Fernet. Lyons, France.

Mademoiselle Bonnaire H.N. 1859

Jean Pernet T. 1867

Baroness Rothschild H.R. 1867

Marquise de Castellane 1869

Mme. Caroline Kuster N. 1873

Soupert-et-Notting P.M. 1874

Souvenir de Mme. Pernet T. 1875

Charles Rovolli " 1875

Wilhelm Koelle H.R. 1878

Ferdinand Chaffolte " 1879

* Joshua Pierce. Washington, D. C.

Mrs. Hovey P. 1850

Triumphant " 1850

* Portemer.
Introduced his first variety about 1837.

William Griffith H.R. 1850

Lady Stuart Hy.Ch. 1852

Pierre Netting H.R. 1863

RAISERS OF THE BEST ROSES. 147

R. B. Postans. England.

May Quennel H.R. 1878

Countess of Roseberry " 1879

Duchess of Bedford " 1879

* PradeL France.

Marechal Niel N. 1864

* Rambeaux. France.

Marie Finger H.R. 1873

Anne Marie de Montravel Pol. 1879

* Rousselet. France.

General Jacqueminot H.R. 1853

* Sansal. France.
Marguerite de St. Amand H. R. 1864

Joseph Sckwarfz. Lyons, France.

Auguste Rigotard H.R. 1871

Andre Dunand " 1871

Duchesse de Vallombrosa " 1875

Comtesse Riza du Pare T. 1876

Marquise Adele de Murinais H.R. 1876

A. K. Williams " 1877

Egeria " 1878

Jules Chretien " 1878

Lord Beaconsfield " 1878

Madame Auguste Perrin H. N. 1878

Madame Oswald de Kerchove " 1879

Reine Maria Pia. . . .Cl.T. 1880

148 THE ROSE.

Rev. James Sprunt, D.D. Kenansville, N. C.

James Sprunt Beng. 1858

Isabella Sprunt T. 1865

* Touvats. France.

Due de Gazes H.R. 1860

Mme. Julie Daran " 1861

Centifolia Rosea " 1863

* Trouillard. Angers, France.

Eugene Appert H.R. 1859

Mrs. Standish " 1860

Celine Forestier N. 1860

Charles Turner. Slough, England.

JohnS. Mill H.R. 1874

Royal Standard " 1874

Miss Hassard " 1875

Rev. J. B. M. Camm " 1875

Oxonian 1875

Mrs. Baker " 1875

Dean of Windsor " 1879

Dr. Sewell " 1879

Harrison Weir " 1879

* Vanasche. France.

Leopold Premier H.R. 1863

Chas. Verdier. Paris.

Duchesse de Caylus H.R. 1864

Paul Verdier Hy.Ch. 1866

RAISERS OF THE BEST ROSES. 149

Engine Verdier. Paris.

Madame Chas. Wood H.R. 1861

Prince Camille de Rohan " 1861

Madame Victor Verdier " 1863

George Prince " 1864

Doctor Andry " 1864

Fisher Holmes " 1865

Prince de Portia " 1865

Annie Wood " 1866

Thomas Mills " 1873

E. Y. Teas " 1874

Abel Carriere " 1875

Charles Baltet " 1877

Madame Alphonse Lavallee " 1878

Madame Eugene Verdier " 1878

Souvenir de Victor Verdier " 1878

Comtesse de Ludre " 1879

* Victor Verdier. Paris.
Introduced his first variety in 1828.

Douglass Beng. 1848

Apolline Bourb. 1848

Jacques Vigneron. Orleans, France.

Elizabeth Vigneron H.R. 1865

Glory of Waltham (sent out by W.

Paul) Hy.Cl. 1865

* Vibert. Paris.

Aimee Vibert N. 1828

Countess of Murinais M. 1843

Blanchefleur Prov. 1846

Glory of Mosses M. 1852

150 THE JtOSE.

Viennot. France.
Marechal Vaillant H.R. 1861

Ward. Ipswich, England.
John Hopper H.R. 1862

The standing of the various rosarians, now
in business, who have sent out two or more
sorts of good repute, is here placed in order
of merit.

1. Lacharme. Victor Verdier, Alfred Co-

lomb, Coquette des Alpes, Charles Lefe-
bvre, are varieties of marked individu-
ality, produced by him. He has sent
out fewer poor or indifferent sorts than
any other large grower. He raises few
Teas.

2. Guillot fils. In La France and Catherine

Mermet, he has given us new types of
wondrous beauty. Horace Vernet,
Eugenie Verdier, and Marie Guillot, are
sorts scarcely less fine. He furnishes
about equal numbers of Teas and Hy-
brid Remontants.

3. E. Verdier. Has sent out no Teas except

Marechal Niel, but many more hardy
kinds than any other grower. Most of
those which have any value are crimson
sorts. While he has issued far too many

RAISERS OF THE BEST ROSES. 151

indifferent kinds, and so has injured his
record, we cannot but be grateful to him
for the lovely dark roses he has given us,
like Prince Camille, Mme. Victor Ver-
dier, and Fisher Holmes.

4. A. Levet. F. Michelon and Perle des

Jardins are his greatest gains. He is
profuse in his production of climbing
Teas of the Dijon type.

5. Ducher. Strong in Teas.

6. Paul & Son (George Paul). Has given us

some dark kinds of wondrous beauty,
but they do not thrive in our extreme
climate. Perhaps some of his newer
ones will be better adapted to our re-
quirements. We miss very much in not
being able to grow well S. Reynolds
Hole, etc.

7. Schwartz. A. K. Williams and Egeria are

among the most beautiful roses, but lack
a good constitution. Mesdames Auguste
Perrin and Oswald de Kerchove are new
types, valuable additions to the Hybrid
Noisette family.

8. Wm. Paul & Son. Although this firm

have sent out no roses of sensational
beauty, they have given some that have
been useful in their day.

9. Laxton. Those of his raising and Charles

152 THE ROSE.

Turner's are, so far, the most useful
English roses for our climate.

10. Fernet. Baroness Rothschild and Sou-
pert-et-Notting are his distinctive sorts.

11. Turner. A raiser with an active con-
science. Would there were more !

12. Margottin. His roses have at least been
distinct.

13. Liabaud. In the contest for supremacy
has brought out some dark horses that
have some years won the race.

14. Bennett.

15. Moreau-Robert.

1 6. Damaizin.

17. Leveque.

1 8. Granger.

19. Cranston & Co.

20. Postans.

21. Gonod.

22. Sprunt.

23. Nabonnand. This gentleman has sent
out some seventy varieties, mostly Teas,
but for some reason (is it lack of merit?)
they have not taken well with the public.

24. Garcon.

25. Jamain.

26. Rambaux.

27. Gautreau.

28. Ledechaux.

KAISEKS OF THE BEST KOSES. 153

29. Charles Verdier.

30. Vigneron.

31. Margottin fils.

32. Oger. Last and least, is one of the oldest
raisers who has sent out a large number
of sorts, but the rose public, perhaps be-
ing prejudiced, have never seen merit in
anything he has produced.

Lest this list of raisers may seem to have
been too arbitrarily arranged, we subjoin a
list gauged according to the number and
standing of the varieties which represent
them (the raisers), as given in the election of
exhibition roses, held in England last sum-
mer. The result of this election was pub-
lished in the Journal of Horticulture, October
6th, 1 88 1, the best twelve varieties standing
in the following order of merit : Marie Bau-
mann, Alfred Colomb, Baroness Rothschild,
Charles Lefebvre, Marquise de Castellane,
Duke of Edinburgh, Louis Van Houtte,
Marechal Niel, Marie Rady, La France, A.
K. Williams, Etienne Levet. The names of
eighty-eight varieties are noted, and the
total number of votes giving the several
varieties of each raiser determine the relative
standing of the raisers. The names of those
rosarians now living, as gauged by this elec-
tion, rank in the following order :

154 THE ROSE.

x. E. Verdier

12 sort

s 423 votes.

2. Lacharme

ii "

409

3. Guillot fils

5 "

204 "

4. Levet

4

146 "

5. Paul & Son

4

140

6. Pernet

2 "

132 "

7. Schwartz

3 "

112 "

8. W. Paul & Son.

4

101 "

9. Granger

3

68 "

10. Baumann

i "

67 "

ii. Jamain

2 "

64

12. Liabaud

2 "

63

13. Leveque

3

57

14. Turner

3

43

15. Laxton

3

40

16. Ducher

i "

3<5

17. Gautreau

i "

34

18. Ward

i "

34 "

19. Cranston

i "

28 "

20. Rambaux

i "

26 "

21. Postans

i "

22 "

22. Damaizin

i "

20 "

23. Garcon

i "

15 "

24. Davis

i "

II "

25. C. Fontaine . ..

i "

IO "

It is to be noted that Tea Roses, in the
election, play an unimportant part, as in
England they are mostly grown under glass,

KAISEXS OF THE BEST ROSES. 155

and for exhibition purposes are only to be
had in small quantities. Some voters did not
consider the Teas at all, confining their votes
to hardy varieties, doing this on account of
the radical differences which exist between
the two classes-. This has an important bear-
ing in estimating the comparative standing
of the various growers ; thus, Ducher's/tfrte
has been the production of fine Tea Roses,
and this last list does not give him his just
position. We must consider it therefore
from the standpoint of hardy exhibition vari-
eties; in doing this, we find an interesting
impartial comparison. Seven raisers named
in our list find no representation in the elec-
tion list, these are Sprunt, Nabonnand, Le-
dechaux, Charles Verdier, Vigneron, Mar-
gottin fils, and Oger. We believe our own
list to represent more correctly the compara-
tive merit of the various producers of new
roses; but the latter, as has been said, is
certainly impartial, and is the more gladly
inserted, to show that we have no bias that
influenced us in our arrangement,

XIII.

THE SEED PARENTS OF THE LEADING ROSES.

UR information, whenever possible,
has been obtained from the raisers
themselves; there may be some
inaccuracies, but great pains have
been taken to make the list as comprehensive
and correct as possible. It will be observed
that General Jacqueminot, Jules Margottin,
and Victor Verdier have been the most used
as parent sorts. While we hope this list will
be of general interest, it will, we are sure,
be of value to those engaged in raising
new varieties. Seme few of the varieties
are crosses from two known sorts, but only
the female parent is given ; this is the case
with all the Hybrid Teas of Bennett ; the full
parentage of these kinds maybe found in the
catalogue of varieties. It must not be in-
ferred that all the varieties that bear seed
freely are included in this list ; on the con-
trary, some of the most productive have no
representation — such are Baron Chaurand,
156

SEED PARENTS OF LEADING ROSES. 157

Jean Cherpin, Dr. de Chalus, Thomas Mills ;
while Victor Verdier and Giant of Battles,
which seem to seed freely in Lyons, France,
rarely bring seed to perfection in Rochester.

Alba Rosea (Tea).— Beauty of Stapleford
(Hy. Tea), Nancy Lee (Hy. Tea).

Anne de Diesbach. — Princess Marie Dolgo-
rouky.

Annie Wood. — Edward Dufour.

Antoine Ducher. — Edward Pynaert, Ernest
Prince, John Saul.

Baroness Rothschild. — Marie Louise Pernet.

Baron de Bonstetten. — Jean Liabaud.

Beauty of Waltham.—^ohn Stuart Mill,
Masterpiece.

Catherine Mer met (Tea). — Jules Finger.

Charles Lefebvre. — General Von Moltke,
Glory of Cheshunt, Harrison Weir, Henry
Bennett, Jean Soupert, Mme. Anna de Beso-
brasoff, Mrs. Harry Turner, President Leon
de St. Jean, Rev. W. H. Stomers, Souvenir
du Dr. Jamain, W. Wilson Saunders.

Cloth of Gold (Noisette).— Isabella Gray,
Mme. Miolan Carvalho.

Comtessede la Bar the (Tea). — Countess Riza
du Pare, Mme. Joseph Schwartz.

Countess of Oxford.— Dumnacus, Mme.
Bruel.

158 THE ROSE.

Devoniensis (Tea). — Cornelia Koch, Ma-
dame Welche.

Duchess of Sutherland. — Elizabeth Vigne-
ron, Princess M. of Cambridge, Thyra Ham-
merich.

Duchess of Edinburgh (Bengal or Tea). —
Alphonse Karr.

Duke of Edinburgh. — Doctor Hooker, Duke
of Teck, Robert Marnock, S. Reynolds Hole,
Sultan of Zanzibar, The Shah.

General Jacqueminot. — Alfred Colomb, Al-
fred de Rougemont, Andre Leroy, Baron
de Rothschild, Camille Bernardin, Charles
Lef ebvre, Duke of Edinburgh, Dupuy Jamain,
Gloire de Santhenay, Horace Vernet, Le
Rhone, Leopold Premier, Maurice Bernardin,
Oriflamme de St. Louis, Prince Arthur,
Richard Smith, Senateur Vaisse, Triomphe
des Beaux Arts, Xavier Olibo.

Giant of Battles. — Abbe Bramerel, Arthur
de Sansal, Cardinal Patrizzi, Empereur de
Maroc, Eugene Appert, Eveque de Nimes,
Lord Raglan, Louis Chaix, Mrs. Standish,
Vainqueur de Solferino.

Gloire de Dijon (Tea). — Antonia Decarli,
Beaute de 1'Europe, Belle Lyonnaise, Gloire
de Bordeaux, Jean Lorthois, Mme. Berard,
Mme. Levet, Mme. Trifle, Marie Berton,

SEED PARENTS OF LEADING ROSES. 159

Mathilde Lenaerts, Miss May Paul, Reine
Maria Pia, Stephanie et Rodolphe.

John Hopper. — Ambrogio Maggi.

Jules Margottin. — Abel Grand, Achille
Gonod, Berthe Baron, Boieldieu, Charles
Margottin, Claude Bernard, Duchess of Val-
lombrosa, Edward Morren, Egeria, Emily Lax-
ton, John Hopper, Madame Gabriel Luizet,
Madame Lacharme, Marchioness of Exeter,
Marguerite de St. Amande, Marquise de
Mortemart, Monsieur Noman, Paeonia, Peach
Blossom, Violette Bouyer.

La fietne.—Anne de Diesbach, Auguste
Mie, Francois Michelon, Gloire de Vitry,
Louise Peyronny, Marguerite Dombrain,
Mere de St. Louis, Reine des Blanches, Reine
du Midi, Souvenir de la Reine d'Angleterre,
Ville de St. Denis.

Lamarque (Noisette). — Cloth of Gold, La
Jonquille (Tea), Le Pactole, Solfaterre,
Triomphe de Rennes.

Lion des Combats. • — A. M. Ampere.

Louise Odier (Bourbon). — Catherine Guillot,
Comtesse de Barbantanne, Modele de Per-
fection.

Madame Boutin. — Madame Marthe d'Hal-
loy.

Madame Charles Wood. — Guillaume Gille-
mont.

160 THE ROSE.

Madame de Tartas (Tea). — Baron Alex-
andre de Vrints, Marie Van Houtte.

Madame de St. Joseph (Tea). — Hon. George
Bancroft (Hy. Tea).

Madame Falcot (Tea).— Madame Azelie
Imbert, Madame Bernard, Mile. Blanche
Durschmidt.

Madame Julie Daran. — Charles Darwin.

Madame Laffay. — Marquise A. de Murinais.

Madame Recamier. — Eliza Boelle, Madame
Noman.

Madame Victor Verdier — Comte de Flandres,
Mrs. Laxton, Souvenir de Spa.

Madame Vidot. — Princess Louise.

Marguerite de St. Amande. — Miss Hassard.

Marie Rady. — Mrs. Jowitt.

Ophirie (Noisette). — Duarte d'Oliveira, Ma
Capucine, Souvenir de Paul Neyron.

Paul Neyron. — George Moreau, Ulrich
Brunner.

President (Tea). — Duchess of Connaught,
Duchess of Westminster, Duke of Connaught,
Jean Sisley, Michael Saunders, Pearl, Vis-
countess Falmouth. These are all Hybrids,
raised by Bennett.

Safrano (Tea).— Madame Charles, Madame
Falcot, Safrano a fleur rouge.

Se'nateur Vaisse. — Anicet Bourgeois, Ma-
dame Adelaide Cote.

SEED PARENTS OF LEADING ROSES. 161

Solfaterre (Noisette). — America, Caroline
Schmitt.

Souvenir de la Reine d' Angleterre. — Mdlle.
Emma Hall, Monsieur Jules Monges.

Souvenir de la Reine des Beiges. — Madame
Grassy.

Triomphe des Beaux Arts. — Empress of
India.

Triomphe de V Exposition. — General Wash-
ington, Marechal Forey, President Mas, Ma-
dame Jules Grevy.

Victor Verdier. — Andre Dunand, Captain
Christy, Charles Verdier, Countess of Oxford,
Etienne Levet, Helen Paul, Hippolyte
Jamain, Julius Finger, Madame Devert,
Madame George Schwartz, Madame Marie
Bianchi, Mademoiselle Eugenie Verdier,
Mademoiselle Marie Cointet, Marie Finger,
Maxime de la Rocheterie, Mrs. Baker,
Oxonian, Paul Neyron, President Thiers,
Souvenir du President Porcher.

Yellow Tea. — Devoniensis.
ii

XIV.

PERMANENT COLORS — TOO-MUCH-ALIKE ROSES.
HOW TO DISTINGUISH BETWEEN SIMILAR
VARIETIES.

MONG the many desirable qualities
which we should look for in our
best roses, permanency of color is
not the least important. I have
reference more particularly to the Remontant
or Hybrid Perpetual varieties ; but my re-
marks will also apply to the other classes,
though perhaps in less degree. It has no
doubt often been noticed how differently the
various varieties of roses will impress us in
different seasons ; that is, a kind which ex-
cites our highest admiration one year may
more or less disappoint us the next. This
arises from various causes, but chief among
them is the variation in color produced by
different conditions of sunlight, heat, mois-
ture, etc. To know what are the most perma-
nent colors among the innumerable varieties
found in the catalogues becomes, therefore,
162

PERMANENT COLORS. 163

a matter of considerable importance, enabling
us to place in favored situations those sorts
easily affected by these several conditions,
and, if necessary, giving positions exposed
to the direct rays of the sun to those varieties
which have proved best able to endure them.
The most severe ordeal which tries the color
of a rose is an excess of moisture followed
by a hot sun. Exposed to these conditions
many of our choicest sorts, of which Charles
Lefebvre and Countess of Oxford are notable
examples, lose their pristine brilliancy or
purity, and become lamentably faded and
sullied. Others, like Louis Van Houtte and
Marie Baumann, are under such circum-
stances much less injured, and though losing
some of their original freshness still remain
exceedingly attractive. Dark roses are, as
a rule, the first to fade; their glory passes
away very much sooner than is the case with
the rose-colored varieties and those of light
shades. Among the crimson sorts we have
observed none which retains its color so well
as Louis Van Houtte ; this quality, combined
with fine form, fragrance, and freedom of
bloom, places it at the head of all crimson-
maroon roses. Varieties of somewhat lighter
shade that rank high for permanency of
color are, General Jacqueminot, Charles

1 64 THE ROSE.

Margottin, Marie Baumann, Alfred Colotnb.
Among the shades of rose that are most du-
rable, we find Marquise de Castellane, Rev. J.
B. M. Camm, Madame Louis Leveque, Mar-
guerite de St. Amand, Jules Margottin.

From the pink sorts we choose Eugenie
Verdier, Egeria, Monsieur Noman, Baroness
Rothschild, Captain Christy, Countess of
Serenye.

Among roses that fade quickly when ex-
posed to the adverse influences spoken of,
are found many of our most beautiful varie-
ties ; by taking pains to place these in the
most favored locations we can aid in retain-
ing the natural shades, and thus greatly en-
hance the value of each kind. All of the
Victor Verdier type, except the light ones
like Eugenie Verdier; all of the Giant of
Battles type, all of the Duke of Edinburgh
type, all of the Charles Lefebvre family, Dr.
Andry, Gloire de Ducher, Madame de Ridder,
Andre Dunand, Camille Bernardin, Jean
Cherpin, Madame Nachury, Emilie Haus-
burgh, are examples of beautiful but non-
permanent colors.

SYNONYMOUS, OR TOO-MUCH-ALIKE ROSES. —
A drawback to the purchase of new varieties
is the knowledge, gained from past experi-
ence, that a large number of those sent out

PERMANENT COLORS. 165

as new sorts are not sufficiently distinct from
known varieties to prove of any value. This
is notably the case with the French roses.
In England, more care has been exercised
in disseminating new kinds than in France,
and in ordering English roses we can do so
with some confidence that they will at least
be distinct. Before enlarging our already
cumbersome list of varieties, we think it of
great importance to thoroughly sift the sorts
now commonly grown, and where two or
more varieties bear a strong resemblance to
each other in the appearance of the flowers, to
reject the inferior kinds. As roses which
are synonymous, or too much alike, as re-
gards the form and color of the flowers, we
note the following kinds :

Hybrid Remontant.

Alfred Colomb and Wilhelm Koelle.
Anne de Diesbach and Gloire de Paris.
Auguste Mie, Mme. Rival, and Blanche de

Beaulieu.

Baron de Bonstetten and Baron Chaurand.
Boieldieu and Mme. Boll.
Charles Lefebvre and Marguerite Brassac.
Countess Cecile and William Griffith.
Coquette des Blanches, Baronne de May-

166 THE ROSE.

nard, Louise d'Arzens, Mme. A. de

Rougemont, and Perfection des Blanches.
Egeria, Princess Mary of Cambridge, and

Peach Blossom.
*Eugenie Verdier, Marie Finger, and Mme.

Louis Donadine.
*E. Y. Teas, Senateur Vaisse, and Francois

Fontaine.
General Jacqueminot, La Brillante, Tri-

omphe d' Amiens, Triomphe de Beaute,

and Richard Smith.

General Washington and President Lin-
coln.
*Hippolyte Jamain, Etienne Levet, and

President Thiers.
La Reine and Reine du Midi.
La Rosiere, Prince Camille, Edouard

Dufour, and Souvenir d'Auguste Riviere.
Louise Peyronny and Laelia.
Lyonnaise, Mme. George Schwartz, and

Mile. F. de la Forest.
Madame Boutin and Christine Nilsson.
Madame Joly and Michael Bonnet.
Marechal Vaillant, Avocat Duvivier, and

Pourpre d' Orleans.
*Maurice Bernardin, Exposition de Brie,

Ferdinand de Lesseps, and Sir Garnet

Wolseley.
Madame Noman and Mile. Bonnaire.

PERMANENT COLORS. 167

Mrs. Standish, Cardinal Patrizzi, and Vain-

queur de Solferino.
Miss Hassard, Elizabeth Vigneron, Duchess

of Edinburgh, and Duchesse de Vallom-

brosa.

Portland Blanche and Blanche Vibert.
Souvenir de la Reine des Beiges and

Prince Albert.

Tea Roses.

Adam and President.
Bon Silene and Goubault.
Bougere and Clothilde.
Caroline and Victoria Modeste.
Elise Sauvage and L' Enfant Trouve.
Gloire de Dijon, Antonia Decarli, and

Mme. Levet.
Le Pactole, Louise de Savoie, and Marechal

Beauregard.
*Madame Bravy, Alba Rosea, and Mme.

Sertot.
Madame Francois Janin and Mile. Lazarine

Poizeau.
Madame Joseph Halphen, Bella, Isabella,

Pauline Plantier, and Arch-Duchess

Therese Isabelle.

Madame Maurin and Madame Denis.
Marie Guillot and Triomphe de Milan.
Narcisse and Enfant de Lyon.

168 THE ROSE.

*Niphetos and Mathilda.
Perle des Jardins and Perle de Lyon.
Safrano and Madame Charles.
Souvenir d'un Ami and Queen Victoria.

Hybrid Climbing.

Fortune's Yellow and Beauty of Glazen-
wood.

J3ourbon.

Apolline and Pierre de St. Cyr.

Catherine Guillot and Michael Bonnet.

George Peabody, Cornice de Tarn-et-
Garonne, Dr. Berthet, Dr. Lepretre,
Ferdinand Deppe, General Blanchard,
Geo. Cuvier, Jupiter, Omar Pacha, Pro-
serpine, and Souvenir de 1' Exposition.

Hermosa, Armosa, Mme. Neumann, and
Setina.

Louise Odier and Madame de Stella.

*Marechal Villars and Belle Isadora.

Paul Joseph and Charles Martel.

Phoenix and Yebles.

Bengal.
Agrippina, Cramoisi-Superieur, and Eblou-

issante.
Antheros, Buret, Louis Philippe, President

d'Olbecque, Prince Eugene, Purple

Crown, and Triumphant.

PERMANENT COLORS. 169

Noisette.

Champney's Pink Cluster, Belle Marseil-
laise, and Miss Glegg.
Gloth of Gold and Chromatella.
Eugene Pirolle and Admiral Rigney.
Fellenberg and Beauty of Greenmount.
Isabella Gray and Jane Hardy.
Lamarque and Jeanne d'Arc.
Solfaterre and Augusta.

Moss.

William Lobb and Duchesse d'Ystrie.
Gracilis, Prolific, and Charles Morel.
Oscar Le Clerc and Madame Bouton.

Many of these roses are identical in all re-
spects save name ; the others are certainly
too much alike to be grown, even in the
largest collections; for though there may
exist some considerable difference in the
habit of growth of a few of those coupled to-
gether, the distinction between the flowers is
exceedingly slight, such as can be observed
by experts only. I have in every case placed
first the variety which seems on the whole
the most worthy of being retained; in a few
instances I have found it difficult to make a
decision, this is where an asterisk (*) is pre-
fixed to the name. In all these cases (*) we

170 THE ROSE.

shall make further study of the slight differ-
ences which exist between the varieties so as
to determine the best ; we hope to have the
aid of others in this matter.

HOW TO DISTINGUISH VARIETIES. — Old

rosarians may need no instruction in this
matter, but we believe some useful hints may
be given to amateurs who find difficulty in
ascertaining the difference which exists be-
tween varieties that resemble each other.
The chief value of such knowledge is in the
power given of determining what sorts should
be retained as the best of their type, and
what rejected as similar but inferior to them.
The flower is naturally the first to claim our
attention ; observe first the color, second the
form, degree of fulness, and size, third the
fragrance. Next, examine the vigor and
habit of growth, whether the shoots are up-
right or spreading ; the joints between leaf-
stalks, whether close together (short joints),
or widely separated (long joints) ; the thorns,
whether they be many or few in num-
ber, their thickness, length, color, whether
straight or hooked ; the leaf-stalks and foliage,
whether the leaflets be five, seven, nine, or
eleven in number ; the color of the foliage
and bark, sometimes dark green, sometimes
pale, occasionally brown or red; further,

PERMANENT COLORS. 171

whether the leaves be small or large, round
or long, indented or regular, glaucous and
smooth, or curled and rough. Then also we
have to consider the productiveness and con-
tinuity of bloom, and the hardiness of the
plant. A year ago I made the discovery of
a fact which has an important bearing in this
matter. The majority of Hybrid Remontant
Roses have five leaflets, though quite a num-
ber of kinds in the class are freely furnished
with seven. My discovery was this: All
Hybrid Remontant Roses that have seven
leaflets are light-colored sorts, rose-color,
pink, etc. Excepting A. Geoffrey St. Hilaire
there is no red or crimson Remontant having
seven leaflets ; by this I do not mean that a
leaf-stalk of a red or crimson sort is never
furnished with more than five leaflets ; iso-
lated cases can be observed where seven leaf-
lets are found, just as four and five leaved
clover-stalks now and then come to notice.

As a practical illustration of our comments
on how to distinguish between similar varie-
ties, we invite the amateur to study and com-
pare Alfred Colomb, Marie Baumann, and
Marie Rady; three of our best roses, sorts
which have many qualities in common, so
much so that the inexperienced, when first ob-
serving them together, might pronounce them

i?2 THE ROSE.

the same rose. But the expert at once sees
distinctive traits that separate one from the
other, he notices that Alfred Colomb is the
darkest in shade of the three, that it has a
more globular, pointed bud and flower than
Marie Baumann ; that the wood is much more
smooth than the others ; that late in the season
the flowers have more substance and are of
better quality than Marie Baumann. So,
early in the year, he would select Marie
Baumann or Marie Rady as in a degree the
most beautiful ; the former more circular and
symmetrical, if possible, than Alfred Colomb ;
the latter with more substance, and better
filled out. And, so continuing the examina-
tion, it is found that these roses are suffi-
ciently distinct, one from the other, both in
flower and habit, to make the presence of all
three most desirable in all choice collections.
Now take up Maurice Bernardin and its near
relatives. Very close and minute examina-
tions enable us to detect variations in one
way and another, but these variations are so
slight that we come to the decision that one
name will answer for all. It takes close and
continued observation to determine which is
most worthy of retention. The choice in this
case certainly lies between Maurice Bernardin
and Ferdinand de Lesseps. Sir Garnet

PERMANENT COLORS. 173

Wolseley has been thought a trifle fuller and
of higher finish than the others, but it is less
productive and more tender. A study of the
other varieties coupled together as synony-
mous or too much alike, will develop simi-
lar conclusions.

XV.

TYPICAL ROSES. CHARACTERISTICS WHICH
ARE COMMON TO CERTAIN VARIETIES IN
DIFFERENT CLASSES.

O know the peculiarities which
pertain to certain families of Hy-
brid Remontant and other roses,
would be advantageous to differ-
ent people in many ways. There are some
types, such as La Reine, Jules Margottin,
Victor Verdier, and Giant of Battles families,
which are quite marked in their characteris-
tics. If all new roses were classified or de-
scribed as being of such and such origin, or
as belonging to a certain class, it would be
of great value. The nurseryman is unwill-
ing, with some exceptions, to undertake the
propagation of a kind which will not root and
grow freely ; he also desires such as are of
healthy habit and good constitution, in ad-
dition to excellence in color and form of
flower. The amateur, perhaps, would not
knowingly purchase a variety devoid of
174

TYPICAL ROSES. 175

fragrance, or one which is not a free autum-
nal bloomer. The florist would require that
a variety should be of steadfast color, one
that does not quickly fade ; or that it should
be useful to force, yielding flowers in abun-
dance, etc. If, therefore, new roses were de-
scribed as belonging to the La Reine or
Victor Verdier type, we should have some
very important knowledge of their qualities,
since these roses have imparted to their pro-
geny certain distinct attributes by which
they may readily be distinguished from
others. A consideration of the different
prominent types found among Hybrid Re-
montant and other classes of roses may be
studied with interest and profit.

BARONNE PREVOST TYPE. — The year 1842
ushered in to rosarians what is now the oldest
type of roses in the class, viz. , Baronne Pre-
vost. It is not a numerous family, and is
also of less importance to us than many of
the others, but we can well imagine what
pleasure it gave, in years gone by, to the
rosarians of the day. This type makes long,
stout shoots, fortified with red thorns of un-
equal length, but generally short; foliage
rather oval, somewhat crimpled; flowers
large, or very large, of flat shape, very full,
fragrant, of some shade of rose. It is the

176 THE ROSE.

most hardy type we have. The varieties
commonly grown are Boieldieu, Caroline de
Sansal, Colonel de Rougemont, Madame
Boll, Oderic Vital. They are all free bloom-
ers in autumn.

LA REINE TYPE. — In 1844, Laffay intro-
duced what he loyally named Rose of the
Queen (Rose de la Reine). This variety
bore royal sway for many years ; it not only
still sells well and is to be considered a use-
ful rose, but it should also have our esteem
as being the parent of a most useful family.
The wood is light green, furnished with oc-
casional thorns; of strong growth; foliage
pale green and crimpled. Flowers various
shades of rose, generally of semi-globular
form, large, somewhat fragrant; free in the
autumn; quite hardy, enduring more cold
than any of the other families except Baronne
Prevost. The leading sorts are : Anne de
Diesbach, Antoine Mouton, Auguste Mie,
Belle Normande, Frangois Michelon, Gloire
de Vitry, Laelia, Louise Peyronny, Madame
Alice Bureau, Mme. Nachury, Paul Neyron,
Reine du Midi, Ville de St. Denis.

GIANT OF BATTLES TYPE. — The founder of
this family was introduced by Nerard in
1846, and doubtless has Bourbon blood in its
veins. The colors are various shadings of

TYPICAL ROSES. 177

crimson, very rich and effective when in per-
fection, but very fleeting ; the sun soon gives
them a muddy hue. The flowers are well
shaped, but small, and have slight fragrance ;
they are very freely produced in the spring
and summer months, but, as a rule, not in
the autumn. The shoots are of moderate or
short growth, short jointed, erect, very stiff,
and covered with very numerous reddish
thorns. The foliage is of lustrous dark green,
very subject to mildew. They are difficult
to propagate from cuttings, and liable to
injury from frost. The leading sorts are:
Arthur de Sansal, Cardinal Patrizzi, Crimson
Redder, Empereur de Maroc, Eugene Appert,
Eveque de Nimes, Lord Raglan, Louis Chaix,
Mrs. Standish, Vainqueur de Solferino.

GENERAL JACQUEMINOT TYPE.— In 1852,
the head of what is now considered the most
valuable type made his bow to an admiring
world ; clad in rich crimson livery he still
commands respect and admiration, and mar-
shalled under his generalship is the army of
dark roses, which so excite and please our
senses by their charms and loveliness. This
family probably originated from the old Hy-
brid China Gloire des Rosomanes ; they are
moderately hardy, but less so than those of
the Baronne Prevost, Jules Margottin and La

12

178 THE ROSE.

Reine types. The flowers are invariably
shades of red and crimson, generally highly
perfumed, freely produced in the spring, but
varying greatly as to their autumnal bloom.
As a family they are much more shy in the
autumn than any of the others.

The shoots are of vigorous growth, not
very thick, generally upright, with quite
numerous light green spines; the foliage
handsome, rather pointed. It is now the
most numerous of the families, popular taste
demanding crimson roses and those of dark
shades. Leading varieties of the type are :
Beauty of Waltham, Camille Bernardin,
Dupuy Jamain, Leopold Premier, Marie
Baumann, Marie Rady, Maurice Bernardin,
Pierre Netting, Prince Arthur. There are
also Charles Lefebvre, Alfred Colomb, Duke
of Edinburgh, Prince Camille, and Senateur
Vaisse, which are supposed to be seedlings of
Jacqueminot, but they cluster about them
other varieties of the family, and are worthy
of separate mention and consideration.

VICTOR VERDIER TYPE.— The head of this
family originated with Lacharme, of Lyons,
and was sent out by him in 1852. It is doubt-
less from one of the La Reine type crossed
with some monthly rose, probably a Bourbon.
The descendants are very numerous, and in

TYPICAL ROSES. 179

spite of their rather tender habits form a
valuable group, being the most free flowering
of them all; had they but fragrance they
would be unrivalled ; but, alas ! they are de-
void of scent, and therefore cannot rank as
high as the others. Fine feathers alone do
not constitute fine birds, and surely fragrance
is to the rose what song is to the bird. The
shoots are of moderate growth, stout, upright,
nearly smooth, of a reddish green, with an
occasional reddish thorn ; the foliage is very
large, of a deep lustrous green, very attrac-
tive. The flowers are large, well built up;
generally shades of rose and pink prevail. It
is the best adapted for forcing in winter of
all the families.

The leading varieties grown are Andre
Dunand, Captain Christy, Charles Verdier,
Countess of Oxford, Etienne Levet, Hippolyte
Jamain, Julius Finger, Mme. Geo. Schwartz,
Mme. Devert, Mme. Eugene Chambeyran,
Mme. Louis Donadine, Mme. Maxime de la
Rocheterie, Mile. Eugenie Verdier, Marie
Cointet, Marie Finger, Mrs. Baker, Oxonian
(somewhat fragrant), President Thiers, Pride
of Waltham, Rosy Morn, Souvenir du Presi-
dent Porcher.

JULES MARGOTTIN TYPE. — In 1853 Jules
Margottin, of Bourg-la-Reine, near Paris,

i8o THE ROSE,

sent out a fine rose, which he called after
himself ; though he has been raising seedling
roses ever since, none of them have quite
come up to this in worth. Wood, light green ;
sharp, red thorns, somewhat numerous;
shoots rather stout and generally of vigorous
growth. Crimpled foliage. Flowers of large
size, very full, somewhat flat shape, mostly
shades of rose and carmine, almost without
perfume; generally free in the autumn.
They are very hardy ; as a rule difficult of
propagation from cuttings, but making very
vigorous plants when budded.

Abel Grand, Achille Gonod, Bessie Johnson
(quite fragrant), Claude Bernard, Countess
of Serenye, Duchesse de Vallombrosa, Ed-
ward Morren, Egeria, Emily Laxton, John
Hopper, Magna Charta, Madame Gabriel
Luizet, Madame Lacharme, Madame Louis
Leveque, Mademoiselle Therese Levet,
Marchioness of Exeter, Marguerite de St.
Amand, Marquise de Castellane, Miss Hassard
(scented), Monsieur Noman, Paeonia, Peach
Blossom, Princess Mary of Cambridge, Rev.
J. B. M. Camm (very sweet), are the leading
sorts.

SE"NATEUR VAISSE TYPE. — Senateur Vaisse
was introduced in 1859. In this family we
find what are perhaps the most perfectly

TYPICAL ROSES. 181

formed flowers. The varieties are of moder-
ate growth, with smoother wood than most
dark roses; the foliage, too, is more round
and of a deeper green. Anicet Bourgeois
(new), E. Y. Teas, Madame Adelaide Cote
(new), Madame Victor Verdier, and Mrs.
Laxton are members of this group.

CHARLES LEFEBVRE TYPE. — Lacharme in-
troduced Charles Lefebvre in 1861. He be-
lieves that it is the result of a cross (I infer
by natural agencies) between Victor Verdier
and General Jacqueminot ; it certainly shows
many of the characteristics of these two sorts.
The wood and foliage are light green ; oc-
casionally armed with pale red thorns, but as
a rule the wood is very smooth. The flowers
are more waving in outline than any of the
other families ; the habit of growth is free,
intermediate between Victor Verdier and
General Jacqueminot. Glory of Cheshunt,
Harrison Weir, Henry Bennett, Madame
Anna de Besobrasoff, Marguerite Brassac,
Paul Jamain, President Leon de St. Jean, and
W. Wilson Saunders are marked members of
this type. Dr. Andry, Horace Vernet, Lord
Macaulay, Mrs. Harry Turner, Rev. W. H.
Stomers and Souvenir du Dr. Jamain, also
seem to find a place in this group.

1 82 THE ROSE.

PRINCE CAMILLE TYPE.— In 1861 E. Verdier
sent out Prince Camille de Rohan. In this
type we find the darkest, most velvety roses.
It would seem as though this family must
have been produced by the blending of Gen-
eral Jacqueminot with Giant of Battles.
The varieties are of vigorous or free
growth ; the wood is somewhat darker, the
spines less numerous, the habit more spread-
ing than in those of the Jacqueminot type.
None of them bloom freely in the autumn,
but in the spring their wondrous rich crimson
shades gain more admirers than any others.
Baron Chaurand, Baron de Bonstetten, La
Rosiere, Monsieur Boncenne, are prominent
members of this family. Abel Carriere, Jean
Liabaud, Jean Soupert, and Souvenir d'Au-
guste Riviere can also be classed with these ;
though they show more of the Giant of Bat-
tles character than the former, and might
therefore not inappropriately be placed by
themselves.

ALFRED COLOMB TYPE. — Alfred Colomb,
sent out in 1865, has a somewhat similar habit
of growth to General Jacqueminot, but the
thorns are much less numerous, and with a
more yellow hue ; the flowers are also fuller
and more globular, and blossom much more
abundantly. A, K, Williams, Madame Al-

TYPICAL ROSES. 183

phonse Lavallee, and Wilhelm Koelle, may
be grouped under this head.

DUKE OF EDINBURGH TYPE. — The only
English rose which is the head of a type was
sent out by George Paul in 1868. The habit
of growth is much like that of Jacqueminot,
but the foliage is generally longer and larger.
The flowers are not permanent in color,
burning very quickly in the sun, and are very
sparsely produced in the autumn. It is a
very beautiful family when grown in a moist,
cool climate ; but there are few of the mem-
bers that will do well under our hot sun.
The varieties best known, mostly of recent
origin, are: Brightness of Cheshunt, Dr.
Hooker, Duke of Connaught, Duke of Teck,
Robert Marnock, S. Reynolds Hole, Sultan of
Zanzibar, The Shah.

All of the types described above belong
to the Hybrid Remontant Class of Roses.
Among the Hybrid Noisettes we find two
types, the first is the —

MADEMOISELLE BONNAIRE TYPE. — The
flowers are of medium size, and of circular,
very beautiful form. The growth is moderate
or dwarf. The foliage is rather small and
somewhat crimpled; the wood light green,
fortified with numerous small spines.
Though devoid of fragrance, these are our

1 84 THE ROSE.

most charming white roses ; the flowers are
freely produced throughout June and the
summer months. The varieties belonging
to the type are Eliza Boelle, Madame Noman,
and Madame Oswald de Kerchove.

MADAME A. DE ROUGEMONT TYPE. — The
varieties of this type differ greatly from
those of the preceding. The habit of growth
is free or vigorous; the wood is smoother,
the foliage more oval and glaucous, like the
Bourbon roses ; the flowers are even more
freely produced than those of the other type,
but are inferior to them in quality. The
principal sorts are: Baronne de Maynard,
Coquette des Alpes, Coquette des Blanches,
Madame Auguste Perrin, Madame Francois
Pittet, Perfection des Blanches.

GLOIRE DE DIJON TYPE. — The head of this
family was sent out in 1853, and is the variety
from which most of the Climbing Teas have
sprung. Young plants of this type are often
difficult to start after being rooted from cut-
tings, but when well established grow lux-
uriantly. The parentage of Gloire de Dijon
is unknown, but I believe it must have orig-
inated from a natural cross between some
Bourbon and Noisette (Tea-scented) Rose.
The foliage shows much of the Bourbon
'character ; the flowers are of globular form,

TYPICAL ROSES. 185

very large and full. Varieties belonging to
this type are Antonia Decarli, Belle Lyon-
naise, Gloire de Bordeaux, Jean Lorthois,
Madame Berard, Madame Trifle, Marie Ber-
ton.

These types are about all that are really
distinct; among the Hybrid Teas it is likely
that a separation into groups will be desirable
at some time in the future, as this is destined
to be an increasing class ; but at the present
time La France represents the class in a
sufficiently distinct way. The Teas might
be arranged in family groups, but this is a
task which I shall not attempt until some
other time ; it would be a division less useful
than those given.

XVI.

RAISING NEW VARIETIES.

EW Roses occasionally come as
sports, but the only method de-
pended upon for their production
is sowing seed. Roses of the past
have, for the most part, been the product of
nature unaided by the hand of man. The
common practice has been to gather the seed,
without even keeping the varieties separate,
and to sow it promiscuously. There are a
few instances recorded where artificial cross-
ings have been resorted to, with successful
results, but the number of such operators has
been very limited. It is a well-known fact
that most fruits and flowers seldom reproduce
themselves with exactness from seed ; there
is often a close resemblance, yet some diver-
gence from the original. Nature is constantly
struggling for variation; even though the
pistils receive pollen from their own flower
alone, this law holds good ; but through the
agencies of wind, insects, etc. , the pollen from
1 86

RAISING NEW VARIETIES. 187

one flower is often carried to the pistils of
another, and so natural crossing or hybridiza-
tion takes place. Thus, by simply gathering
and sowing the seeds of one variety, like
General Jacqueminot, it has been possible to
produce a large number of distinct kinds of
great value. This, as stated above, has been
the practice up to the present time, but it is
a practice on which we should no longer ex-
clusively depend; on the contrary, for the
roses of the future we should mainly rely on
artificial crossing and hybridization, or, in
other words, on manual fecundation.

Laffay, who raised most of the Hybrid Re-
montants of value that were sent out previ-
ous to 1850, is understood to have produced
many, or the most, of them, by crossing va-
rieties of the Bourbon Rose with the old
crimson Rose du Roi. Vibert, Hardy, and
some other of the French rosarians, are also
credited with having produced many of their
most beautiful sorts by manual fertilization,
but as no record has been kept of the varie-
ties used as parents, the result of their work
is of no use to the hybridizer of the present
day further than that it affords proof that
definite results are more certain from arti-
ficial than from natural crosses.

The following sorts are all claimed as the

1 88 THE ROSE.

result of artificial crossing; the parentage
will be found in the catalogued list of varie-
ties : America, Baronne de Maynard, Captain
Christy, Harrison Weir, John Hopper, Julius
Finger, Marie Van Houtte, Madame La-
charme, Madame Oswald de Kerchove, Ma-
dame Welche, Mrs. Jowitt, Mrs. Harry Turner,
Paul Neyron, Princess Mary of Cambridge,
Reine Marie Henriette, and the ten Hybrid
Teas sent out by Bennett.

To trace out the peculiarities of these kinds,
learning so far as possible what influence each
parent had in forming the qualities of the
offspring, would be an interesting, profitable
study. Thus, examining Paul Neyron, we
find it has the smooth wood, glaucous foli-
age, fulness of flower, and tendency to win-
ter-kill from the seed parent, Victor Verdier.
The vigor of growth and size of flower are
inherited from the fructifying sort, Anne de
Diesbach. In this example it will be seen
that the influence of the parents has been
nearly equal in impressing their characteris-
tics. In other examples it will be found that
the influence of one parent has been far
greater than that of the other; but I hold it
as an axiom that, in the case of any rose which
is crossed by another variety, the progeny will
surely show traits pertaining to both parents.

RAISING NEW VARIETIES. 189

Among men we find great divergencies of
character between brothers and sisters, yet it
is observed that they always hold something
in common which distinguishes them, some
link which connects one with another. It is
believed by some of the raisers who have
practised hybridization, or crossing of roses,
that seedlings of greater beauty are to be ob-
tained simply by selecting heps from
naturally fertilized flowers, than from those
which have been artificially crossed; that
there are very many types among roses
which are all beautiful in their way, but that
when these are crossed, the varieties which
result will have coarsely formed flowers, or
be of weak constitution, etc. Such, I infer,
is the belief of Messrs. Laxton, William
Paul, and others of the English rosarians.
With all deference to these gentlemen,
whose experience certainly gives weight to
their belief, I do not subscribe to this opinion.
I cannot but believe that we are even more
certain of obtaining flowers of high finish
from artificial than we are from natural fer-
tilization, if we will but pattern after nature
and carefully study the laws of cause and
effect.

Though there is a difference of opinion re-
specting the quality and finish of the roses

igo THE ROSE.

likely to result from manual fecundation, all
practitioners admit that there is a certainty
by this method of obtaining a product distinc-
tive in character, which is of itself a sufficient
inducement to encourage our best efforts in
this line. But the truth is, so few crossed
roses have been raised, compared to the
number from natural selection, that we have
learned very little about the successes and
failures that have attended the operators in
this field of study. Very few of those who
have engaged in this work have given us any
information that will be of use to those who
wish to experiment. It seems to me, the
lack of finish and the delicate constitution,
averred to belong to varieties raised from
artificial crosses, come from bringing together
roses of different types, too widely separated
in character to blend well. I believe roses
belonging to the same type will always cross
with good results. Those who wish to prac-
tise this art will do well, therefore, to begin
with crossing varieties of the same family ;
the chapter on Typical Roses, which pre-
cedes this, should be carefully perused as
bearing on this point.

In this connection it may be profitable for
us to consider briefly the result of Mr. Ben-
nett's labors in the hybridization of roses.

RAISING NEW VARIETIES. 191

Mr. Bennett fertilized the flowers of various
Tea Roses with the pollen of Hybrid Remon-
tants ; his productions are therefore true hy-
brids, not crosses merely, and they are classed
as Hybrid Teas. Ten of these hybrids have
been raised by Mr. Bennett. We should pre-
fer to consider sorts that have been longer in
cultivation, but there are none such. As a
rule, the Bennett Roses lack a vigorous and
healthy constitution; the best of them, for
out-door culture, is Michael Saunders, raised
from President fertilized by Madame Victor
Verdier. The parents of this sort have com-
paratively smooth wood, and they are not so
widely separated in character as to prevent
the production of a healthy offspring. Beauty
of Stapleford, the second in point of general
usefulness, resulted from crossing Alba Rosea
by Countess of Oxford, both smooth-wooded
kinds again, of similar vigor of growth.
Two objectionable qualities in this rose, a
tendency to fade quickly and a liability to
mildew badly, are inherited from Countess
of Oxford. Yet these are both roses likely
to be esteemed generally useful.

From Alba Rosea crossed by Edward
Morren came Nancy Lee, an exquisite little
rose, with lovely buds, but in habit of
growth so dwarf and delicate that our com-

IQ2 THE ROSE.

miseration is excited along with our regard.
Duchess of Westminster and Pearl are others
of the same class, which are the result of
crossing varieties very widely separated in
habit of growth, and none of the progeny
have constitutions of any vigor. In Duke of
Connaught we have the offspring of President
crossed by Louis Van Houtte; both parents
are smooth-wooded sorts, but no nurseryman
can, by ordinary culture, grow from cuttings
plants of Louis Van Houtte that will be
salable after one season's growth. With
such a parent we cannot wonder that the
propagation of good plants of Duke of Con-
naught has been found so tedious and dis-
couraging by those who have undertaken it.
I understand that some of the New Jersey
florists are growing this variety with profit,
but this simply shows what great skill can
do, and does not prove that the variety will
be generally useful.

Jean Sisley and Hon. George Bancroft are
two others of Bennett's which fade very
quickly ; besides this fault the former sort is
very difficult to open and we condemn it as
utterly worthless ; the latter variety, if grown
so that the original color is retained, will
generally give satisfaction, though many
more malformed blooms are produced than

RAISING NEW VARIETIES. 193

we expect to see in a variety put down as
desirable.

Duchess of Connaught shows considerable
resemblance to La France, and affords evi-
dence that La France must certainly be a
Hybrid Tea. It seems to me that the Duch-
ess only differs from La France in various
ways, to be inferior to it.

Now these Bennett Roses, taken as a
whole, would seem to strengthen the view
of Messrs. William Paul and Laxton, unless
we carefully consider the nature of the
crosses that were made. From what has
been shown we think the inference may
naturally be drawn, that in crossing roses
we are likely to obtain satisfactory results by
blending varieties which have several charac-
teristics in common. Thus, varieties of the
same type will be pretty certain to effect
good crosses; as General Jacqueminot with
Xavier Olibo, Fisher Holmes with Baronne
de Bonstetten, Madame Victor Verdier with
E. Y. Teas, etc. By hybridizing, bringing
Teas and Hybrid Remontants together, we are
much less sure of obtaining new sorts of high
finish and robust constitution, but far more
certain of procuring kinds thoroughly dis-
tinct. The operator will then do well to
bear this rule in mind : Crossing varieties of
13

194 THE ROSE.

the same type will produce seedlings of the best
form and finish; blending sorts of different
types will bring forth the most distinct kinds.
In order to gain knowledge, it is well to prac-
tise both these extremes, but the best suc-
cess will probably follow where a mean course
is pursued.

This matter of cross fertilization of roses
places before us a vast field in which to
study and experiment ; and although we have
so little to be drawn from the past which
may guide us, the fact of its being largely
unexplored seems an attractive feature. We
can experience sensations somewhat similar
to those of the traveller who penetrates a
new country, for though he may not be the
first to make discoveries, he can be among
the first to chronicle results and make the
discoveries useful. It is still open for in-
vestigators to learn and make known general
principles, which should guide us in raising
new roses. It will be a gratification for me
to know that I have contributed, in some
measure at least, to this result.

As few readers are likely to be familiar
with the mode of manual fecundation, I will
briefly explain my practice. The work is
much the easiest to manage under glass, for
the reason that insects are not there trouble-

RAISING NEW VARIETIES. 195

some and we do not have wind and rain to
contend with. Whenever possible, choose a
clear day, and operate in the morning, so
that the flowers can be exposed to the influ-
ence of the sun immediately after they have
been fertilized. The flower selected for a
female parent should have the stamens care-
fully removed by means of a fine pair of em-
broidery scissors, a few hours before the
pollen is ripe. Should the pollen be quite
ripe, some of it is likely to have fallen on the
pistils and a perfect cross could not then be
assured. If, on the other hand, it be not
nearly matured, the pistils are not in proper
condition to be fertilized. In such a variety
as General Jacqueminot, the stamens should
be removed three or four hours before the
flower would expand. The petals are then to
be gently pulled off, and the stamens cut
away. The pollen is then applied to the
pistils by carrying to them the flower of the
fertilizing sort and gently rubbing them with
the stamens holding the pollen, so that the
pistils are well covered. If preferred, a fine
camel's-hair brush may be used for the pur-
pose of applying the pollen. The pollen
must be quite ripe ; if it does not attach it-
self readily to the brush it is not yet in fit
condition for use. Those varieties which

196 THE ROSE.

are not very double will give more pollen
and be better seed-bearers than the very full
ones. Kinds like Bon Silene, Safrano,
Fisher Holmes, Jean Cherpin, etc., will be
found the most suitable for first experiments.
If the operation is carried on out of doors, it
is desirable to cover the flowers fertilized
with fine gauze, to prevent the interference
of insects. The insects are not apt to go to
flowers from which the petals have been re-
moved, but it is well not to depend on this.
The heps should not be gathered until fully
ripe, say after the first frost in October;
they are then labelled and buried in pots of
moist sand. The pots must be covered with
glass or something of the kind to keep out
mice, which are very fond of the pods. I
allow the pods to remain in the sand till the
first of January, they are then broken open,
the seed taken out, and sown in boxes or
pots. The seeds commence coming up three
or four weeks after being planted. The
seedlings appear with two leaves; so soon
as they make a second growth they are
pricked out by a knife blade and planted in
small pots. They are very subject to mil-
dew, and many are apt to pass away from
this cause. In May they can be transplanted
and put in open ground, in rich, well-drained

RAISING NEW VARIETIES. 197

soil. If they do well they can be left there
over winter, of course being protected, and
allowed to remain for testing. They com-
mence to flower the second year, but many
of them show no signs of bloom until the
third or fourth year. Instead of planting
them out in open ground, some or all can re-
main in pots, the plants being shifted from
time to time to pots of a larger size. One is
apt to become very impatient waiting for the
seedlings to flower; the result can be hast-
ened by taking buds from them and inserting
on some stock of good growth. Many of
the seedlings will produce flowers quite
single ; these plants are to be at once rooted
out. Now and then we may find double
flowers of good finish ; these are to be com-
pared with flowers of old varieties, which
they seem most to resemble, to ascertain
whether they are distinct sorts or only in-
ferior imitations of established favorites.
It will often require considerable moral cour-
age to refrain from calling our geese, swans.
But if it is found, and admitted by general
consent, that we have originated something
both beautiful and distinct, ah, what pride
and satisfaction do we feel! Surely, there
can be no more pleasing occupation for those
who love and grow roses, than by hybridiz-

ig8 THE ROSE.

ing and crossing artificially to engage in the
art of producing new varieties, aye, and not
new varieties only, but new types of roses
now unknown.

XVII.

PUBLICATIONS ON THE ROSE.

N the preface to this book I stated
my belief that no compilation on
the rose could ever be considered
complete and final. I have en-
deavored to bring before those interested in
the subject many points of interest which
have been ignored, or lightly touched upon,
by authors of kindred works; I have also
desired to present all the information neces-
sary to the successful cultivation of the rose,
exemplified in different ways. I feel, how-
ever, that it is but just to my readers, and
my brethren of the craft, to record those
publications which are useful compilations
on this subject. First of all, and above all,
let me recommend " A Book about Roses,"
by S. Reynolds Hole, London. This book of
322 pages is a charming compilation by a
gifted writer, who, though in one sense an
amateur, has perhaps done more to further
the growing of beautiful roses than any other
199

200 THE ROSE,

man. No one has ever written on floricul-
tural subjects so lovingly, so attractively, as
Canon Hole ; he is in this respect above and
beyond all writers, and his book is an adviser
and companion that no rosarian can afford to
be without.

" The Rose Garden" is a large volume of
256 pages, by William Paul, London. This
is a book prepared with care and contains
much of interest ; perhaps that which is most
valuable is the chapter on hybridizing.

"The Amateur's Rose Book," by Shirley
Hibberd; "The Rose Amateur's Guide," by
Thomas Rivers, rank next in merit. " Roses
and Rose Culture," by William Paul; "Cul-
tural Directions for the Rose," by John
Cranston; " Roses and their Culture," by W.
D. Prior, are other English works which may
be added to the library of any one interested
in floricultural matters.

In the French language we have " Les
Roses," by Jamain and Forney, a work made
expensive by the use of gilt edges and
colored illustrations, we regret to say of
dreadful character. A new work in German,
by Thomas Nietner, was published in 1880.
This is the largest book on the rose that I.
know of. It is illustrated with 106 woodcuts
and 1 2 colored plates. The author describes

PUBLICATIONS ON THE ROSE. 201

5007 varieties of roses. The colored illustra-
tions are very beautiful, on the whole, but
not all true to nature. In the names of
varieties the author often mixes the English,
French, and German languages very gro-
tesquely. There are many typographical
and other errors, but it is a book worth hav-
ing if one is willing to pay the price, which
is of necessity high.

American publications on the rose are:
"The Book of Roses," by Francis Parkman;
" Parsons on the Rose," by Samuel B. Par-
sons; " Prince's Manual of Roses," by W. R.
Prince, and " The Rose Manual," by Robert
Buist. I believe the last two named are out
of print.

Of magazines and papers, which frequently
contain articles on the rose that are of in-
terest, there are many. Those which give
the most attention to the subject are:
Garden and Forest, conducted by Profes-
sor C. S. Sargent, New York. The Ameri-
can Florist, Chicago. American Gardening,
New York. The Country Gentleman, Albany,
N. Y. The Rural New Yorker, New York.
The American Garden (monthly), New York.
In England there are, The Gardener's Chroni-
cle, Journal of Horticulture, The Garden, The
Gardener's Magazine, Gardening Illustrated,

202 THE ROSE.

London. All of these are weekly papers. In
France we find a monthly magazine entitled
Journal des Roses, published by Pierre Cochet,
Paris, and in Germany the Rosen Zeitung,
edited by P. Lambert, Frankfurt.

APPENDIX.

OLD AND NEW ROSES.

[From the Century Magazine, July, 1883.]

T is worthy of note that our fathers
and forefathers had in general
a better nomenclature for their
roses than is used in these days.
Such names as Dame Blanche, La Favorite,
Rosalie, La Coquette, and those of the various
mythological characters — as Hebe, Juno, and
Calypso — were freely used. Now the favorite
roses are Dukes and Duchesses, Counts and
Countesses, Lords and Ladies, Generals and
Senators, till we wonder if there are any
plebeians left.

There are many old roses that should
never be forgotten, though they have been
pushed aside by new-comers, and are seldom
to be found on sale at the florist's. Blanche-
fleur, Madame Hardy, Madame Zoetman are
delightfully fragrant, beautiful white roses,
203

204 THE ROSE.

whose places have not been filled by any of
the usurping Remontants; and there are
others, of the Provence and Damask families,
nearly as fine as those named. In all our im-
provements, we have not yet bettered the
quality of the old white summer roses of
thirty and forty years ago. The demand is
now altogether for those varieties which
bloom more than once, and, in achieving
freedom of bloom, we have lost in fragrance,
have lost in hardiness; therefore, to leave
out and cast aside these favorites of a gen-
eration that is passing away is surely a seri-
ous mistake. Others beside the old white
summer roses should be retained. There is
the Centifolia, or cabbage-rose, so unfortu-
nately named, which is yet a model for form
and fragrance ; there is the common Sweet-
brier, with its bright orange-red heps — not
a flower for florists truly, but how attractive
to the artist, how full of inspiration to the
poet, how grateful to all who are pleased by
fragrance ! For bright yellow shades, we yet
look to the old Austrian roses, so called,
Harrison's and Persian Yellow. Then what
is more charming than the moss-roses? what
bouquet more beautiful than loose branches
of the Gracilis, the Common and Crested
moss-roses?

OLD AND NEW ROSES. 205

The Charles Lawson, Coupe d'Hebe, Paul
Ricaut, and some others of the old summer
kinds are also very useful as pillar roses;
they have nearly everything that makes a
rose valuable save the property of blossoming
more than once. It must also be remembered
that the old roses were not alone such as
bloomed in June only. Agrippina, Edward
Desfosses, Hermosa, Souvenir de la Malmai-
son, Aimee Vibert, Lamarque, Solfaterre,
Bon Silene, Bougere, Devoniensis, Flaves-
cens, Madame de Vatry, Niphetos, Odorata,
Safrano, Triomphe de Luxembourg are mem-
bers of the Bengal, Bourbon, Noisette, and
Tea families, introduced more than forty
years ago, and in none of these groups has
any great advance been made. Certainly,
many beautiful and distinct varieties have
since been introduced, but the improvement
in quality of these classes has been slight as
compared to the advance made by the intro-
duction of new groups.

Roses of the present, as compared with
those of the past, are superior by reason of
the introduction of groups that are hardy,
or nearly so, and that blossom at intervals
and continuously through the summer and
autumn. We remember the great interest
awakened by the varieties sent out by Laffay,

206 THE ROSE.

such as Madame Laffay, Mrs. Elliott, and, a
few years after, La Reine. The two former
have nearly disappeared from cultivation;
but La Reine is still much grown, and, like
the General Jacqueminot, Victor Verdier,
and Jules Margottin, has been the progenitor
of most of the hardy roses cultivated at this
day.

It would astonish the uninitiated to learn
the number, not only of those who propagate
plants for sale, but those who are engaged in
the production of new varieties from seed.
Strange to say, the raising of new roses
has been done successfully only in France
and England. Italy and Germany have ac-
complished almost nothing in this line, al-
though the climate of those countries is as
favorable for the purpose as that of the other
two ; but in this they only follow the general
line of horticultural progress, for Italy and
Germany have produced few varieties of
European fruits that are valuable. America
has originated more fruits of high quality
than any other country, but her contributions
to the list of good roses, though larger than
those of Italy and Germany, fall far short of
what they should be. With an extent of
territory that gives greater variation of
climate and soil than is to be found in any

OLD AND NEW ROSES. 207

other country, it must be that America will
yet produce her share of fine roses.

With the year 1842 appeared the Baronne
Prevost, which is now the oldest type among
Hybrid Remontant roses. It is not a numerous
family, and is of much less importance to
us than many others, but we can well imagine
what pleasure it gave when it was introduced
to the rosarians of that day. The flowers
are very large and full, flat in form, quite
fragrant, and in color some shade of rose.
It is the most hardy type we have. The only
varieties commonly grown are Boieldieu,
Colonel de Rougemont, and Madame Boll.

In 1843, LafTay introduced what he loyally
named Rose of the Queen (Rose de la Reine).
This variety bore royal sway for many years.
It not only still sells well and is to be consid-
ered a useful rose, but it should also have
our esteem as being the parent of a most
useful family. The flowers are of various
shades of rose, generally of semi-globular
form, large, somewhat fragrant ; free in the
autumn; quite hardy, enduring more cold
than any of the other families except
Baronne Prevost. The leading sorts are:
Anne de Diesbach, Antoine Mouton, Auguste
Mie, Belle Normande, Francois Michelon,
Madame Nachury, Paul Neyron. Among

208 THE ROSE.

the varieties of this family none equal in
merit the Frangois Michelon.

The Giant of Battles was introduced by
Nerard in 1846, and doubtless has Bourbon
blood in its veins. The colors are of various
shadings of crimson, very rich and effective
when in perfection, but very fleeting. The
sun soon gives them a muddy hue. The
flowers are well shaped but small, and have
slight fragrance; they are very freely pro-
duced in the spring and summer months, but
as a rule not in the autumn. The foliage is
of lustrous dark green, very subject to mil-
dew. They are difficult to propagate from
cuttings, and are liable to injury from frost.
The leading sorts are: Cardinal Patrizzi,
Crimson Bedder, Empereur de Maroc, Eugene
Appert, Lord Raglan, Mrs. Standish. Owing
chiefly to their bad constitution, they are
rapidly disappearing from cultivation, and in
a few years it is likely none will remain.
The same rich color can now be found in the
Prince Camille family.

The General Jacqueminot, the head of
what is now considered the most valuable
type, made its bow, in 1852, to an admiring
world: clad in rich crimson livery, it still
commands respect and admiration, and mar-
shalled under its generalship is the army of

OLD AND NEW ROSES. 209

dark roses which so excite and please our
senses by their charms and loveliness. This
family probably originated from the old hy-
brid China, Gloire des Rosomanes ; they are
moderately hardy, but less so than those of
the Baronne Prevost, Jules Margottin, and
La Reine types. The flowers are invariably
shades of red and crimson, generally highly
perfumed, freely produced in the spring, but
varying greatly as to their autumnal bloom.
As a family, they are much more shy in the
autumn than any of the others. It is now
the most numerous of the families, due to
the fact that popular taste inclines more to
crimson than to light-colored roses. Leading
varieties of this type are Beauty of Waltham,
Marie Baumann (moderate growth), Marie
Rady, Maurice Bernardin, Pierre Netting,
Xavier Olibo (dwarf growth), also Senateur
Vaisse, Charles Lefebvre, Prince Camille,
Alfred Colomb, and Duke of Edinburgh.
About the latter varieties cluster numerous
others of the family of less importance.

The head of the Victor Verdier type origi-
nated with the greatest of all the raisers,
Lacharme, of Lyons, and was sent out by
him in 1852. It is doubtless from one of the
La Reine type, crossed with some monthly
rose, probably a Bourbon. The descendants
14

210 THE ROSE.

are very numerous, and in spite of their
rather tender habits, form a valuable group,
being the most free to flower of them all. If
they were fragrant, they would be unrivalled ;
but, alas ! they are devoid of scent, and there-
fore cannot rank as high as the others. Fine
feathers alone do not make fine birds, and
surely fragrance is to the rose what song is
to the bird. Its flowers are large, well built
up ; generally shades of rose and pink prevail ;
mildew operates against these more than
any others except the Giant of Battles type.
Of all the families it is the best adapted
for forcing in winter. The leading varieties
grown are Captain Christy, Countess of Ox-
ford, Etienne Levet, Hippolyte Jamain, Ju-
lius Finger, Madame George Schwartz, Made-
moiselle Eugenie Verdier, Marie Cointet,
Marie Finger, Mrs. Baker, Oxonian (some-
what fragrant), President Thiers, Pride of
Waltham, Rosy Morn.

In 1853, Jules Margottin, of Bourg-la-
Reine, near Paris, sent out a fine rose, which
he called after himself. Though he has been
raising seedling roses ever since, none of
them has quite come up in worth to his name-
sake, the flowers of which are large in size,
very full, somewhat flat in shape, in shades
of rose and carmine, and almost without per-

OLD AND NEW ROSES. 211

fume. They are generally free in the
autumn, are very hardy, though as a rule
difficult of propagation from cuttings, but
making very vigorous plants when budded.
The leading sorts : Abel Grand, Bessie John-
son (quite fragrant), Charles Margottin
(reddish crimson), Countess of Serenye,
Duchesse de Vallombrosa, Edward Morren,
Egeria, Emily Laxton, John Hopper, Magna
Charta, Madame Gabriel Luizet, Madame La-
charme, Madame Louis Leveque, Mademoi-
selle Therese Levet, Marchioness of Exeter,
Marguerite de St. Amande, Marquise de Cas-
tellane, Miss Hassard (scented), Monsieur
Noman, Peach Blossom, Princess Mary of
Cambridge, and Rev. J. B. M. Camm, which is
very sweet.

The Senateur Vaisse became known in
1859. In this family we find the most per-
fectly formed flowers; the varieties are of
moderate growth, with smoother wood than
most of the others. The foliage is more
round and perhaps of a deeper green. Ma-
dame Victor Verdier, Monsieur E. Y. Teas,
and Mrs. Laxton form the leading members.

Charles Lefebvre, one of Lacharme's pro-
ductions, was introduced in 1861. The origi-
nator believes that this came from a cross of
Victor Verdier and General Jacqueminot.

212 THE ROSE.

It certainly takes after the characteristics of
those two sorts. The flowers are more wavy
in outline than in the other families; the
growth is somewhat less vigorous, the wood
more smooth. Dr. Andry, Glory of Ches-
hunt, Harrison Weir, Horace Vernet, Lord
Macaulay, Madame Anna de Besobrasoff,
Marguerite Brassac, Mrs. Harry Turner, Paul
Jamain, and W. Wilson Saunders are the
leading kinds.

Prince Camille, which was introduced in
1 86 1, by E. Verdier, gives us the darkest type
of roses which we have. From appearances,
we should think it originated in a natural
cross between varieties of the Giant of Battles
and General Jacqueminot types, the charac-
teristics of the latter predominating. None
of these bloom freely in autumn, but they are
magnificent in their dark, velvety shades, as
seen in the spring. Baron Chaurand, Baron
de Bonstetten, Abel Carriere, Henry Bennett,
Jean Cherpin, Jean Liabaud, Jean Soupert,
La Rosiere, Monsieur Boncenne, and Presi-
dent Leon de St. Jean comprise the family.
More than the others, Abel Carriere and Jean
Soupert take after Giant of Battles.

Alfred Colomb, another of Lacharme's
raising (1865), has a similar habit of growth
to the Jacqueminot type, but the thorns are

OLD AND NEW ROSES. 213

less numerous and with more of a yellowish
hue. The flowers are more globular, stand
the sun better, and are much more freely
produced, constituting a most valuable
family. The varieties are A. K. Williams,
Fisher Holmes, and Wilhelm Koelle.

The Duke of Edinburgh, sent out by
George Paul in 1868, is the only English rose
which may be regarded as the founder of a
family. The flowers are inclined to be
thinner in petal than those of the Jacquemi-
not type, rather smaller, burn much more
quickly in the sun, and are not constant in
autumn. It is a very beautiful family when
grown in a moist, cool climate ; but there are
few of the members that will do well under
our hot sun. The varieties best known,
mostly of recent origin, are, Brightness of
Cheshunt, Dr. Hooker, Duke of Connaught,
Duke of Teck, Robert Marnock, S. Reynolds
Hole, Sultan of Zanzibar, and The Shah.

Baroness Rothschild is the typical repre-
sentative of a small but very beautiful family,
the very aristocracy of roses. It is not a
new rose, but its merits have not been recog-
nized till within a few years. Now that the
florists have finally taken it for winter forc-
ing, it is becoming well known, but it will
always command comparatively high prices.

214 THE ROSE.

Twelve and fifteen dollars for a dozen blooms
have been the prices during the winter
months. Mabel Morrison, Merveille de Lyon,
and White Baroness are three white roses of
the type that are to-day the special sensation
of the rose world. They have the same
short-jointed stems, with the beautiful foliage
closely set under the blooms, that are a
characteristic and pleasing feature of the
parent. Mabel Morrison is the only one of
the white trio which is likely to be seen in
any number for some time to come; the
others are but just out, and florists will use
all the wood the plants make for propagat-
ing. Three white, hardy varieties of such
high rank as these may well excite the
enthusiasm of all who grow roses.

The above description exhausts the divis-
ions which may be considered distinct types.
Though there are other roses which stand
aloof, they have few or no followers. Such
are Madame Charles Wood, Caroline de
Sansal, and a few others.

All of the families of roses so far discussed
are members of the Hybrid Remontant or
Hybrid Perpetual class, certainly the most
important of the many groups of roses now
cultivated ; but there are others of modern
origin, which have also strong claims on our

OLD AND NEW ROSES. 215

attention, the oldest of which is the Hybrid
Noisette family, that may be divided into
two sections. The original variety, Madame
Recamier, was sent out byLacharme in 1853.
Nothing more is known of the origin of this
sort, other than that one of the parents is
supposed to have been a Noisette rose. Be-
longing to this type are Mademoiselle Bon-
naire, Madame Noman, Eliza Boelle, and
Madame Oswald de Kerchove. The flowers
are of medium size, and of circular, very
beautiful form. Though devoid of fragrance,
the flowers are freely produced from June
throughout the summer; for which reason
these varieties are to be valued as most
charming acquisitions on our list of white or
light-tinted roses.

In 1860, Lacharme sent out Madame Gus-
tave Bonnet, the head of the second division
of the Hybrid Noisette family. This variety,
the originator claims, was produced from
seed of Blanche Lafitte (Bourbon), fertilized
by Sappho (Portland). If this be true, this
type should go by some other term than Hy-
brid Noisette ; but the name has been fixed
by usage, and as they have no fragrance,
they will, at all events, smell as sweet by
this name as any other. Belonging to the
same type as Madame Gustave Bonnet are

2i6 THE ROSE.

Louise Darzens, Madame Alfred de Rouge-
mont, Baronne de Maynard, Coquette des
Alpes, Coquette des Blanches, and Madame
Francois Pittet, all raised by Lacharme.
Madame Bellenden Ker, Perfection des
Blanches, and Madame Auguste Perrin, of the
same family, are the production of other per-
sons. These kinds differ from those of the
Mademoiselle Bonnaire type, in being of
more vigorous habit, of smoother wood, and
of more oval and glaucous foliage, more like
that of the Bourbons. The flowers are even
more freely produced, but are inferior in
quality to those of the other type.

Gloire de Dijon was sent out in 1853. In
its habit of growth, it showed itself distinct
from all others, and has become the head of
a class now known as Climbing Teas. When
the plant has once become established it is of
vigorous growth, and has long been a favorite
as a pillar rose, both for conservatories and
in favorable situations out of doors. Its par-
entage is not known, but I believe it must
have originated from a natural cross between
a Bourbon and a tea-scented Noisette rose.
The most popular kinds of this type are
Gloire de Bordeaux, Belle Lyonnaise, Madame
Trifle, Madame Berard, Marie Berton, Beauty
of Europe, and Reine Marie Pia, but none of

OLD AND NEW ROSES. 217

them has attracted the same attention as the
old sort.

The most valuable type of roses since Gen-
eral Jacqueminot is the Hybrid Tea. The
original of this new race is La France,
introduced, in 1869, by Guillot, of Lyons.
This was raised from the seed of a Tea rose,
but is . entirely distinct from all tea-scented
kinds. In color it is a soft, silvery rose,
delicately tinged with a faint shade of lilac ;
in its fragrance, a most delightful combi-
nation of the Provenge and Tea perfumes.
It blooms perpetually, the end of each shoot
always carrying a flower-bud, and these
shoots constantly pushing forth. In these
three qualities, so essential to a perfect rose,
it has scarcely any equal, and solely by its
intrinsic merits has now gained a popularity
shared by few or none others of its sister-
hood. Duchess of Connaught and Vis-
countess Falmouth, raised by Bennett, of
England, are varieties of the same type,
which most nearly approach La France, both
in appearance and fragrance. Next to them
comes Madame Alexandre Bernaix, raised by
Guillot. Michael Saunders, Duke of Con-
naught, and Nancy 'Lee, all varieties of Ben-
nett's, are very beautiful ; but the two last

2i8 THE ROSE.

named are of such delicate habit that they
will never be useful for general culture.

The Polyantha Rose is of recent introduc-
tion. The original, which is a native of
Japan, has very small, single white flowers,
about the size of a silver twenty-five-cent
piece ; it is of sarmentous growth, quite hardy,
and blooms in panicles, in the spring. • Some
of the French growers have raised seedlings,
crosses (natural or artificial) with Teas or
other classes, which are true ever-blooming
roses and of great merit. The varieties best
known are Paquerette, Anne Marie de Mon-
travel, Mignonette, and Cecile Brunner.
They are more tender than the parent, but
are quite as hardy as the Hybrid Noisettes
and the Hybrid Teas. As an edging for a
bed of monthly roses, nothing can be more
effective than a row or two of Paquerette or
one of the other Polyanthas. They are ex-
tremely beautiful little flowers, which will
survive all the sneers of the horticultural
snobs who see no beauty in a rose much
smaller in size than a peony.

The attention of hybridizers is now di-
rected toward crossing varieties of Tea with
Hybrid Remontant roses, and new sorts of
great value may confidently be expected from

OLD AND NEW ROSES. 219

the efforts which are being made in this line.
To obtain a variety which shall in a large
degree combine the hardiness of La Reine
or Jacqueminot, with the fragrance and free-
blooming qualities of Madame Bravy or Bon
Silene, is surely worth striving for.

This leads us to a consideration of the roses
of the future, what they may be, what they
should be. Roses of the past have been the
product of nature, unaided by the hand of
man. Roses of the present also chiefly come
from sowing the seeds of varieties which
have not been crossed, except as the crossing
has been a matter of chance by natural
agencies. In some instances efforts at arti-
ficial hybridization have been recorded that
have given successful results. Roses of the
future may and should come principally as
the result of artificial fecundation and hy-
bridization. A long essay would be required
to treat this subject and do it justice in a
magazine article. I can only touch on some
of the more salient points. Laffay, who
raised most of the Hybrid Remontants of
value previous to 1850, is understood to have
produced many of them by crossing artifi-
cially varieties of the Bourbon roses with the
old crimson Rose du Roi. Vibert, Hardy,
and some other of the French rosarians are

220 THE ROSE.

also known to have produced a great many
of our most beautiful roses by manual fertili-
zation ; but as no record has been kept of the
varieties used for the purpose, the result of
their work is of no use to the hybridizer of
this day further than to afford proof that de-
finite results can better be obtained from
artificial than from natural crosses. Our aim
should be to control and assist nature, as far
as possible, in her tendency toward variation.
There has been so much carelessness, not
to say ignorance, with regard to the parentage
of the various varieties of roses, that I do not
think it would be possible to name fifty kinds
and give the parentage on both sides. For
the past twenty-five years, nature has been
so lavish in producing variations of great
beauty, that those who have raised new roses
have been content to gather the heps and
sow the seed, depending on natural crosses
to produce new and desirable kinds. Not
only have they thus entirely relied on nature
to accomplish what they wished ; they have
not even taken the pains, except in few in-
stances, to separate the seed of one variety
from that of another, but have sowed them
all promiscuously. To trace the peculiarities
of each variety, learning just what influence
each parent had in forming the qualities of

OLD AND NEW ROSES. 221

the offspring, would be an interesting and
profitable study. I hold it as an axiom, that,
in the progeny of any rose which has been
crossed with another, the influence of both
parents can be distinctly traced.

Artificial crossing and hybridization of
roses is generally performed by removing
with fine scissors the stamens of the flower
to be operated on, and then shaking over it
the flower of that which contains the pollen
to be used, or by gently dusting it on with a
camel's-hair brush. In this manner it is
supposed that the characteristics of each sort
will be given in about equal measure to the
progeny. It is not uncommon to cross varie-
ties without removing the stamens, in which
case the influence of the female parent is
believed to preponderate; but neither of
these methods has been accurately proved
as to the results. An interesting question
which arises, in connection with the subject
of artificial fertilization, is how far removed
from each other, in the habit of growth and in
other peculiarities, may be the varieties which
are to be used as parents, without preventing
a successful crossing of the two.

In crossing roses, we are most certain to
attain satisfactory results by blending seed-
bearing varieties which have several char-

222 THE ROSE.

acteristic features in common ; thus, varieties
of the same type will nearly always effect
good crosses, as General Jacqueminot with
Xavier Olibo, Madame Victor Verdier with
E. Y. Teas ; but, on account of a certain re-
semblance which must prevail among the
kinds of one type, we are less likely to obtain
new sorts of any marked individuality than
would result from hybridizing varieties of one
group by those of another not too widely
separated group ; in other words, we should
avoid the extremes of crossing varieties too
much alike, and of hybridizing one kind by
another so widely removed in characteristics
that a successful, healthy progeny cannot re-
sult. Here is a vast field still largely unex-
plored in which to study and experiment.
This is not a matter to be confined to scien-
tists ; all who truly love roses, all that have
some knowledge of their individual peculiar-
ities, may engage in this fascinating pursuit
with probabilities of success.

"This is an art

Which does mend nature, change it rather ; but
The art itself is nature. "

A common error committed by the beginner
is in attempting to grow varieties that are of
delicate habit and feeble constitution. At-

OLD AND NEW ROSES. 223

traded by the great beauty, or fragrance of
a flower, he does not consider, or does not
understand, that vigor of growth, perpetuity
of bloom, and perfect hardiness are very sel-
dom combined with the qualities which have
allured him.

A pleasing departure from the usual method
of growing roses is found in the pegging-
down system. Grown in this way, the long
shoots are carefully bent down and fastened
to the ground by means of hooked sticks or
pegs. Flower-buds will then push out all
along the shoots, and a correspondingly large
number of blooms be obtained. True, the
individual flowers are apt to be of somewhat
inferior quality to those produced in the
ordinary way, but a mass of color not other-
wise obtainable can thus be had. I do not
advocate this system to the exclusion of the
one commonly pursued, but its occasional or
alternate use is certainly capable of yielding
most satisfactory results.

Besides planting roses in beds, it is well
to scatter them through the borders of our
gardens, giving the favored positions to the
more delicate kinds. Among the best varie-
ties which yet require some extra care are
Eugenie Verdier — the most beautiful of the
Victor Verdier type — a rose of very delicate

224 THE ROSE.

coloring, silvery-pink, tinged with salmon,
and Charles Lefebvre, which is beautiful in
both flower and leaf, the color of General
Jacqueminot deepened by a shade of satiny-
purple. Among the roses not sufficiently
well known are Marguerite de St. Amande, a
deep pink sort, which gives beautiful buds
as well as fine flowers, and blossoms through
the summer and autumn months ; Baroness
Rothschild, a blush-pink, with exquisite cup-
shaped flowers freely produced; Francois
Michelon, a striking variety, intermediate in
character between its parent La Reine and
General Jacqueminot, thus uniting two rival
dynasties. It has large, deep rose-colored
flowers, veined with lilac, and is of splendid
globular form. It blooms late, the flowers
not developing until most others of the same
class are past their prime. Eliza Boelle is,
perhaps, the best white rose that we have.
It blooms profusely all through the summer
months; the flowers are full, of the most
perfect, globular form, the centre generally
tinged with blush. It is not possible to
imagine a flower of greater beauty. The
best of the moss-roses are Gracilis, Common,
and Crested. Not the least of the qualities
we desire in a rose is fragrance. In this re-
gard, all varieties of all classes must do

OLD AND NEW ROSES. 225

homage to La France, the sweetest of fragrant
roses. To be sure, it is rather tender, but it
is easily protected so as to winter safely. It
does not always open well, but it is a simple
matter to assist it, an operation not practica-
ble with most varieties that open imperfectly.
If the buds of La France show a tendency to
remain closed, by gently pressing the point
of the bloom with the fingers, and then blow-
ing into the centre, the flower will almost
invariably expand, and the pent-up fragrance
escape.

Not enough attention is given to the Bour-
bon and Tea roses. The Hybrid Remontants
justly claim first attention, when they are in
perfection ; but after the first blossoming is
over, throughout July, August, and Septem-
ber they are much less attractive than many
of the monthly roses. Varieties like Bougere,
Homer, Madame de Vatry, and Marie Van
Houtte, will give a continuous supply of
flowers when the so-called hardy roses are al-
most or altogether out of bloom. How faith-
fully the various varieties of Tea roses
reproduce the beautiful tints often painted in
the sky at sunset and at sunrise ! The many
shades of rose, pink, lilac, white, salmon,
yellow, etc., are found in both alike, and it
15

226 THE ROSE.

would often puzzle us to decide whether the
most beautiful combinations of these delicate
shades are found, in the illumined clouds, or
in the petals of these roses. Tea roses are
rather tender, but in truth they have, in this
respect, been somewhat maligned. Those
sorts named above are, in reality, but little
more tender than La France, the Hybrid
Noisettes, and all the Victor Verdier race of
Hybrid Remontants. If earth be hilled up
about the plants, and a slight covering of
loose material, like branches of evergreens,
be applied, the more robust sorts of monthly
roses will winter in safety. In giving pro-
tection, care must be taken not to smother
the plants by entirely excluding the air.
This never occurs from the use of evergreen
branches, but if straw or litter be taken,
sticks or boards should be used to prevent
the material matting together. This is one
of the cases where it is possible to kill by
mistaken kindness.

Canon Hole, in his charming " Book about
Roses," says:

" He who would have beautiful roses in his gar-
den must have beautiful roses in his heart. He
must love them well and always. He must have
not only the glowing admiration, the enthusiasm,

OLD AND NEW ROSES. 227

and the passion, but the tenderness, the thought-
fulness, the reverence, the watchfulness of love."

This is the sum and substance of success
in rose culture ; without this true love, failure,
partial or complete, is sure to follow,

CATALOGUE OF VARIETIES,

DESCRIBING ALL SORTS NOW IN GENERAL
CULTIVATION.

REGISTER of this nature cannot
attain absolute perfection, but I
have been at great pains to make
it complete and accurate. As re-
gards the age of the different varieties and
by whom sent out, I have obtained my in-
formation from the raisers themselves, their
catalogues, from various horticultural mag-
azines and books, mostly French, and from a
few amateurs, who have interested them-
selves in the subject. Among these are
Mons. Jean Sisley, whose monograph of the
roses raised at Lyons has been of valuable
service. I believe this will be found much
the most reliable list of the kind, but from
seeing so many inaccuracies in others of
similar character I know there must be some
errors in this. Any of my readers who may
discover mistakes or misstatements of facts
will greatly oblige by communicating with
228

CATALOGUE OF VARIETIES. 229

me, giving the authority which they have.
In the descriptions, the more popular sorts
are more fully treated than those not so well
known; where a variety is described as be-
longing to a type, a lengthy description is
rendered unnecessary and only the most dis-
tinctive features are given. A familiarity
with the contents of Chapter XV. will there-
fore be a great help to those who wish to gain
a correct impression of the varieties here
described.

In compiling this list the following method
has been determined on as the best. The
name of the variety is first given; then, the
habit of growth ; next, letters which show to
what class the variety belongs ; then, in the
second column, name of the raiser, and year
when the rose was sent out ; afterward, the
parentage, if known, or type to which the
sort may belong ; and, lastly, the description.
In case of synonyms, they are placed: in
brackets after the accepted name. It is de-
sirable to add the following, as an explana-
tion of the plan used in describing varieties :

Color — the prevailing shade in the most
perfect development of the flower.

Size — small, from one to two inches in
diameter ; medium, from two to three inches
in diameter; large, from three to four inches

230 THE ROSE.

in diameter ; very large, above four inches in
diameter.

Fulness — semi-double, with two to four
rows of petals; double, having more than
four rows of petals, but the seed organs are
shown when the flower expands; full, in
which the expanded flowers seldom show the
stamens.

Form — cupped, the inner petals are shorter
than the outer ones, the latter stand erect
and are generally incurved ; globular, outer
petals are concave, often with convex edges,
the petals fold richly one about the other;
reflexed, numerous petals, generally small,
rising tier above tier to the centre ; flat, the
surface of the flower is level and all the petals
are exposed to view — varieties of this kind
are very full and rarely are seed-bearers.

Abbreviations used, describing the habit of
growth :

Vig., Vigorous. — Those sorts which are
most luxuriant in growth.

Free. — Varieties which rank next in order,
producing shoots somewhat shorter or less
strong than the first.

Mod., Moderate.— These kinds make a
compact growth, but do not produce long
shoots.

Dwf., Dwarf. — These are the most delicate

CATALOGUE OF VARIETIES. 231

or slow-growing sorts. Among hardy roses,
those marked dwf. should, almost invariably,
be budded.

It is to be noted that nearly all varieties
which have in them shades of lilac, violet,
or purple are very fleeting in color.

ABBREVIATIONS, DESCRIBING THE CLASSES TO
WHICH THE VARIETIES BELONG.

A. — Austrian.

Ay. — Ayrshire.

Bk. — Banksia,

B. — Bourbon.

B'lt. — Boursault.

Cl. T.— Climbing Tea.

Dam. — Damask.

Ev. — Evergreen.

Fr.— French.

H. Ch.— Hybrid China.

H. Cl.— Hybrid Climbing.

H. N.— Hybrid Noisette.

H. R.— Hybrid Remontant.

H. T.— Hybrid Tea.

Mic. — Microphylla.

M.-Moss.

Mult.— Multiflora.

N.— Noisette.

P. M. — Perpetual Moss.

232 THE ROSE.

Pol.— Polyantha.
P.— Prairie.
Prov. — Provence.
S.— Scotch.
T.— Tea Roses.

CATALOGUE OF VARIETIES. 233

CATALOGUE OF VARIETIES.

VARIETY, HABIT
OF GROWTH, AND CLASS.

DESCRIPTION.

i. A. Geoffroy-St.-Hi-
laire, mod. H.R.

2. A. M. Ampere. H.
R.

3. Abb6 Bramerel,
mod. H.R.

4. Abbe Giraudier. H.

5. Abb6 Reynaud, vig.

6. Abel Carriere, mod.
H.R.

7. Abel Grand, mod
or free. H.R.

8. Achille Gonod, free,
H.R.

9. Acidalie, free. B.

10. Adam, mod. (Syn.
President.) T.

11. Admiral Nelson, vig,
H.R.

E. Verdier, 1878. Red, with a shade of
crimson ; medium size, full ; fine, cir-
cular form, fragrant and free. Seed or-
gans well developed ; seven leaflets are
common, a great rarity among dark va-
rieties of this class.

Liabaud, 1881. Raised from Lion des
Combats.

Guillot fils, 1871. Raised from Giant of
Battles. Crimson, shaded with vel-
vety purple.

Levet, 1869. Bright rose.

Guillot fils, 1863. Large, carmine-rose
flowers, not full enough; growth very
rank.

E. Verdier, 1875. Velvety-crimson, with
fiery centre ; large, full flowers, fra-
grant ; short wood, sharp red spines ;
shows traces of Bourbon blood. A rose
of better form and finish than most of
the very dark sorts. Shy in autumn.

Damaizin, 1865. Jules Margottin type.
Glossy rose, large and full, fragrant ;
unreliable as to form, often the finest
in autumn.

Gonod, 1864. Raised from Jules Mar-
gottin. Rosy-carmine.

Rousseau, 1837. Blush, often white ;
fragrant.

Adam, 1838. Salmon-rose, fragrant ; es-
teemed for forcing.

Ducher, 1859. Bright crimson, double,
cupped form ; very spiny, straggling
growth ; shows Bourbon origin.

234

THE ROSE.

VARIETY, HABIT
OF GROWTH, AND CLASS.

DESCRIPTION.

12. Admiral Rigney. N,

13. A d o 1 p h e Brong-
niard, mod. H.R.

14. A d r i e n n e Chris- Guillot fils,
tophle, mod. T.

15. African Black, mod,
Fr.

16. A grip pin a, mod.
(Syn. Cramoisi-
Superieur.) Beng.

17. Aimee Vibert, free,

N.

18. Aimee Vibert Scan-
dens, vig. N.

ig. Alba Carnea, free.
H.R.

20. Alba Grandiflora, V
vig. Bk.

21. Alba Mutabilis, free.
H.R.

22. Alba Rosea, free. T.

23. Alexandre Dutitre.
H.R.

24. Alexandre Fontaine,
vig. H.R.

25. Alexandrine Bach-
metieff, mod. H.R.

26. Alfred Colomb, free.
H.R.

27. Alfred de Dalmas,
free. P.M.

See Eugene Pirolle.

Margottin, 1868. Carmine-red, full fra-
grant.

1868. Apricot-yellow.

Dark crimson. Not valuable.

Introduced to England from China in
1789. Rich crimson, specially valued
for its fine buds. A useful sort for
bedding out and for forcing. The best
of the class.

Vibert, 1828. Raised from Sempervirens
Plena. Pure white, small, double
flowers, produced in large clusters ;
seven leaflets ; nearly hardy.

Curtis, 1841. A sport from the above ;
identical with the old kind, except that
it is of stronger growth. These pretty
sorts are both difficult to propagate
from cuttings.

Touvais, 1867. White, tinted with rose ;
foliage dark ; seven leaflets are common,
ery small, full flowers, delicately scent-
ed.

E. Verdier. 1865. Pink, sometimes mot-
tled, medium size, double. Wood armed
with dark-brown thorns.

Sarter, 1855. See Madame Bravy.

Leveque, 1878. Bright rose.

Cherry-red ; mildews easily; shy bloomer.

Margottin, 1852. Cherry-red, rosette
shape, medium size ; foliage dark ;
wood armed with pale red thorns.

Lacharme, 1865. Raised from General
Jacqueminot. Carmine-crimson ; large,
or very large, full ; of fine, globular
form, extremely fragrant; green wood,
with occasional pale green thorns, the
foliage large and handsome. A grand
rose ; the most useful, in its class, for
general cultivation.

Laffay, 1855. Pink, small flowers, of
poor quality ; the wood is very thorny ;
straggling habit.

CATALOGUE OF VARIETIES.

235

VARIETY, HABIT
OF GROWTH, AND CLASS.

DESCRIPTION.

28. Alfred de Rouge-
mont, free. H.R.

29. Alfred K.
mod. H.R.

30. Alfred Leveau.
H.R.

31. Alice Bureau. H.R.

32. Alice Leroy, mod.
or free. M.

33. Aline Sisley, mod.

34. Alpaide de Rotalier,
free. H.R.

35. Alphonse Damaizin,
mod. H.R.

36. Alphonse Karr. H.
R.

37. Alphonse Karr. H.
R.

38. Alphonse Karr,
mod. B.

39. Alphonse M o r 1 1 e -
mans, mod. T.

40. *Alphonse Soupert,
vig. H.R.

41. Amabilis, free. T.

42. Amadis, vig. (Crim-
son Boursault^fflt.

43. Amazone, mod. T.

44. Ambrogio M a g g i .
H.R.

45. Amelie Hoste. H.
R.

46. America, vig. N.

Lacharme, 1863. Raised from General
Jacqueminot. Crimson-magenta, very
large, full, well built, fragrant ; rather
shy bloomer.

Williams, Schwartz, 1877. Magenta-red, shaded
with crimson ; large, full flowers, partly
imbricated. A very beautiful rose ;
but, thus far, not constant and reliable.

Vigneron, 1880. Carmine-rose.

Vigneron, 1867. Rosy-lilac, good globu-
lar form.

Trouillard, 18^2. Pink, semi-double ;
buds are not mossy. Armed with very
red spines.

Guillot fils, 1874. Violet-rose, not a clear
shade ; a fruity, pleasant fragrance.

Campy, 1863. Rose-color.

Damaizin, 1861. Bright crimson.

Portemer, 1845. Flesh color, margined
with carmine.

Feuillet, 1855. Bright rose, medium size,
full.

Nabonnand, 1878. Raised from Duchess
of Edinburgh. Rosy-crimson. Sent
out as a Tea ; but, with its parent, is
better placed among the Bengals.
There is, as yet, no crimson Tea.

Madame Ducher, 1875. Lilac-rose.

Lacharme, 1883. Large, very handsome
and showy; bright rose color.

Touvais. Flesh color, centre rose ; habit,
branching.

Laffay, 1829. Purplish-crimson ; semi-
double.

Ducher, 1872. Yellow, reverse of petals
veined with rose ; long, well-formed
buds ; habit delicate.

Pernet, 1879. Raised irom. John Hopper.
Bright rose.

Gonod, 1874. Pink, reverse of petals
darker.

C. G. Page, 1859. (Sent out by T. G.
Ward, of Washington.) Raised from

THE ROSE.

VARIETY, HABIT
OF GROWTH, AND CLASS.

DESCRIPTION.

47. American Banner,
dwf. T.

48. * American Beauty,
vig. H.R.

49. Andre Dun and,
mod. H.R.

50. Andr6 Leroy, mod.
H.R.

51. * Angele Jacquier,
free. T.

52. Anicet Bourgeois.
H.R.

53. Anna Alexieff, free.
H.R.

54. Anna Eliza, vig. P.

55. Anna Ollivier, mod.

56. Anna Maria, vig. P.
58. Anne de Diesbach,

vig. H.R.

59. Anne Marie Cote,
free. H.N.

60. Anne Marie de
Montravel, mod. Pol.

Solfaterre X Safrano. Pale yellow,
with fawn centre ; large, full flowers ;
more shy than either parent.

G. Cartwright, 1879. (Sent out by Peter
Henderson.) A sport from Bon Si-
lene. Carmine, striped with white,
semi-double; the flowers and foliage are
both small. Of no value except as a
curiosity.

Hon. G. Bancroft ; sent out by George
Field & Bro., 1885. Large, globular;
deep pink, shaded with carmine ; deli-
cious odor; has proved to be a most
desirable variety for forcing.

Schwartz, 1871. Raised from Victor
Verdier. Silvery rose ; fades quickly
and often opens badly.

Trouillard, 1868. (Sent out by Standish.)
Crimson, with a shade of violet ; an
attractive color, but very transient ;
often ill-formed.

uillot, 1879. Pale rose, sometimes flesh,
base of petals tinged with coppery yel-
low ; very sweet, free flowering. A
lovely Tea, bearing some resemblance
both to Catherine Mermet and Rubens.

Moreau-Robert, 1880. Raised from Sen-
ateur Vaisse X Madame Victor Ver-
dier. Cherry-red, cupped form.

Margottin, 1858. Rose color, large, full
flowers, freely produced.

Williams. Red, tinged with lilac, nu-
merous thorns.

Ducher, 1872. Buff, shaded with rose.

Feast, 1843. Pale pink ; very few thorns.

Lacharme, 1858. Raised from La Reine.
In color, the most lovely shade of car-
mine; very large, double flowers, fra-
grant ; one of the hardiest. A very de-
sirable garden rose.

Guillot fils, 1875. White, sometimes
tinged with pink.

Rambaux & Dubreuil, 1879. Very small,
full, white flowers, somewhat fragrant.
Resembles Paquerette.

CATALOGUE OF VARIETIES.

237

VARIETY, HABIT
OF GROWTH, AND CLASS.

DESCRIPTION.

61. *Annie Cook, vig. T.

62. Annie Laxton, mod.
H.R.

63 Annie Wood, mod.
ordwf. H.R.

64. Antheros. T.

65. Antoine Devert. T.

66. Antoine Ducher,
mod. H.R.

67. Antoine Mouton,
vig. H.R.

68. Antoine Quihou,
H.R.

69. Antoine Verdier,
mod. H.R.

70. A n t o n i a Decarli,
vig. Cl.T.

71. Apolline, vig. B.

72. Archduke Charles,
mod. Beng.

73. Archimede, free. T.

74. Ardoise de Lyon,
vig. H.R.

Cook, 1888. An American seedling from
Bon Silene ; delicate shade of pink,
changing to white under glass in winter,
vigorous and free-blooming. This vari-
ety has several good qualities, but the
shape of the bud detracts from its value
for forcing purposes.

Laxton, 1869. (Sent out by Geo. Paul.)
Satiny rose, medium or large size, very
full.

E. Verdier, 1866. Bright crimson with a
shade of vermilion ; a good autumnal
rose.

Lepage. Flesh color, shaded with yellow.

Gonod, 1880. White, tinged with pink,
reverse of petals shaded salmon.

Ducher, 1866. Violet-red ; large, well-
shaped flowers, fragrant; woocf very
thorny. The color is very fleeting.

Level, 1874. Deep rose, tinged with lilac,
not unlike Paul Neyron ; it is more
fragrant and more hardy, but in color
and size is below that sort.

E. Verdier, 1879. Brownish-crimson.

Jamain, 1871. Rose shaded with lilac,
well-formed buds, no perfume ; the
color is muddy. This sort would not
improperly be classed among • the
Hybrid Teas, as it resembles them in
habit as well as in continuity of flower-
ing.

Level, 1873. May be briefly described as
an inferior Gloire de Dijon, from which
sort it was raised.

V. Verdier, 1848. Raised from Pierre de
St. Cyr. Rosy-pink; large, cupped
flowers. The most useful of all Bour-
bons for open air.

Laffay. Rosy-crimson, variable in color,
sometimes deep marbled rose.

Robert, 1856. Rosy-fawn, the cenlre
darker ; ill-formed flowers are frequent.
A good rose when in perfection, and of
excellent habit.

Plantier, 1865. (Sent out by Damaizin.)
Violet rose, a poor color.

238

THE ROSE.

VARIETY, HABIT
OF GROWTH, AND CLASS.

DKSCRIPTION.

75. Aristide Dupuis,
vig. H.C.

76. Arthemise, free.
H.R.

77. Arthur de Sansal.
H.R.

78. Augusta. N.

79. Auguste Buchner.
H.R.

80. Auguste Mie, free.
(Madame Rival.) H.
R.

81. Auguste Neumann.
H.R.

82. Auguste Oger, mod.

83. Auguste Rigotard.
H.R.

84. Auguste Vacher. T.

85. * Augustine Guinoi-
seau, vig. H. T.

86. Auretti, vig. H.C.

87. Aureus. T.

88. Avocat Duvivier.
H.R.

89. Baltimore Belle,
vig. P.

90. Baron Adolphe de
Rothschild, free
H.R.

91.

Vrints. T.
02. Baron Chaurand.

vig. H.R.
93. Baron de Bonstet-

ten.vig. H.R.

Touvais, 1866. Purplish-rose, a muddy
hue ; double or full, fragrant ; of no
value.

Moreau-Robert, 1876. Deep rose color;
rather small, cup-shaped flowers, not
unlike Apolline. Only worthy of a
place in very large collections.

Cochet, 1855. Raised from Giant of
Battles. Deep crimson.

See Solfaterre.

Leveque, 1880. Reddish-purple.

Laffay, 1851. Raised from La Reine.
Glossy pink. One of the most tender
of this type.

E. Verdier, 1870. Red, shaded with vio-
let.

Oger, 1850. Coppery-rose.

Schwartz, 1871. Cherry-red, somewhat
like Dupuy J amain.

Lacharme, 1853. Coppery-yellow.

GuinoiseaUj 1889. Flowers white, slightly
tinted with flesh. Sometimes called
White La France. Valuable for forc-
ing.

Crimson-purple ; fades very quickly.

Ducher, 1873. Coppery-yellow.

Leveque, 1875. See Marechal Vaillant.

Feast, 1843. Pale blush, changing to

white.
Lacharme, 1862. Bright red, shaded with

crimson ; mildews easily.

Baron Alexandre de Gonod, 1880. Raised from Madame de

Tartas. Delicate rose.
Liabaud, 1869. See Baron de Bonstetten.

Liabaud, 1871. Velvety maroon, shaded
with deep crimson, somewhat lighter in
shade than Prince Camille, and rather
smaller in size, but with a little more
substance ; shy in autumn, but a grand
rose.

94. Baron Gonella, vig. Guillot pere, 1859. Bronzed rose, well
B. formed, fragrant ; non-autumnal.

CATALOGUE OF VARIETIES.

239

VARIETY, HABIT
OF GROWTH, AND CLASS.

DESCRIPTION.

05. Baron Haussmann.

free. H.R.
96. Baron Taylor, free.

H.R.

07. Baron de Roths-
child, free. H.R.

98. Baroness Roths-
child, mod. H.R.
(Madame de Roths-
child.)

09. Baronne de May-
nard, mod. or free.
H.N.

zoo. Baronne de Frailly.
H.R.

101. Baronne de Was- V
senaer free. M.

102. Baronne Louise
Uxkull, free. H.R.

103. Baronne Prevost,
vig. H.R.

104. Barthelemy Level
mod. H.R.

105. Beau te del' Europe
vig. Cl. T.

106. Beauty of Glazen- See
wood. Ev.

107. Beauty of Green-
mount, vig. N.

108. Beauty of Staple-
ford, mod. H.T.

E. Verdier, 1867. Dark red, large, well-
built flowers.

Dougat, ^1879. A sport from John Hop-
froi

per. Pink. Only differs from the pa-
rent in shade ; it does not appear to be
constant.

uillot fils, 1862. Raised from General
Jacqueminot. Amaranth-red.

Pernet, 1867. Light pink, sometimes
shaded with rose ; large, or very large;
cupped form, very symmetrical, with-
out fragrance; the wood is short-jointed,
thick, light green, armed with occa-
sional light green thorns; one of the
hardiest, but does not propagate from
cuttings. A very distinct, beautiful
rose, free blooming, and greatly valued,
both as an exhibition and a garden sort.

Lacharme, 1865. From Blanche Lafitte
X

tingec
form.

Liabaud, 1871. Bright red, large, very
full ; often does not open well.
. Verdier, 1854. Deep rose; buds pretty,
and quite well mossed.

Guillot fils, 1871. Carmine-rose ; large,
highly scented flowers.

Desprez. (Sent out by Cochet, in 1842.)
Pure rose color, very large, very full,
flat form ; a free bloomer, fragrant,
very hardy. The shoots are stout ana
stiff.

Levet, 1878. Bright rose.

Gonod, 1881. Gloire de Dijon type. Deep
yellow; reverse of petals coppery-yellow.
Fortune's Yellow.

icharme, 1865. From Blanche Lafitte
X Sappho. White, edge of petals often
tinged with pink ; small size, compact

Pentland, 1854. Rosy-red.

Bennett, 1879. Raised from Alba Rosea
X Countess of Oxford. Red, tinged
with violet, large, well-formed, prettily
shaped buds, without fragrance ; the
color is not pleasing, too soon becom-
ing muddy. Very subject to mildew.

240

THE ROSE.

VARIETY, HABIT
OF GROWTH, AND CLASS.

DESCRIPTION.

109. Beauty of Waltham,
free. H.R.

no. Belle Ame'ricaine,

mod. H.R.
in. Belle Fleurd'Anjou,

mod. T.

112. Belle Lyonnaise,
vig. a.T.

113. Belle Maconnaise,
free. T.

114. Belle Normande
free. H.R.

115. Bennett's Seedling
vig. A^

1 16. Benjamin Drouet
free. H.R.

117. B e r n a r d Palissey
free. H.R.

118. Berthe Baron, free.
H.R.

no. Bessie Johnson,
mod. H.R.

120. Bignonia, mod. T.

121. Black Prince, free.
H.R.

122. Blanche de Beau-
lieu, free. H.R.

123. Blanchefleur, free.

124. Blanche Lafitte,
free. B.

125. Blanche Moreau
P.M.

126. * Blanche Rebatel
dwf. Pol.

127. Blanche
Dam.

W. Paul, 1862. Rosy-crimson, medium,
or large size, fragrant , it has the habit
of throwing out side-shoots from nearly
every eye. This is still a sort to com-
mend.

Daniel Boll (New York), 1837. Deep
pink, double, small, well formed.

Touvais, 1872. Silvery-rose, large ; rather
good.

Level, 1869. Raised from Gloire de
Dijon. Pale, lemon-yellow ; less pro-
ductive than the parent. A fine sort.

Ducher, 1870. Pale salmon-rose.

Oger, 1864. A sport from La Reine.

Silvery-rose.
Bennett. Pure white, small, double.

E. Verdier, 1878. Red, shaded with pur-
ple.

Margottin, 1863. Red, medium size, very
full, 'fragrant ; often comes ill-formed,
sometimes is very fine.

Baron-Viellard, 1868. Raised from Jules
Margottin. Delicate rose color.

Curtis, 1872. A sport from Abel Grand.
Blush, highly scented.

Levet, 1872. Red.

1866. Purchased and sent out by W.
Paul. Dark crimson ; not considered a
reliable sort, occasionally it is very fine.

Margottin, 1851. Deep pink, large, loose
flowers ; rather tender.

Vibertj 1846. White, tinged with blush,
medium size, flat, very full, highly
scented. One of the earliest to blossom;
the flowers produced in great profusion.
A valuable garden rose.

Pradel, 1851. Blush-white.

Moreau-Robert, 1880. White, claimed to

be a true remontant.
Bernaix, 1889. Carmine shaded with

rose; flowers small, produced in clusters

of forty to fifty blooms.
Vibert. Vibert, 18^8. See Portland Blanche.

CATALOGUE OF VARIETIES. 241

VARIETY, HABIT
OF GROWTH, AND CLASS.

DESCRIPTION.

128. Blairii No. 2, vig.
H.Ch.

129. Boieldieu, vig. If.

130. Bon S i 1 e n e, free.
(Silene.) T.

131. Bougere, free. T.

132. Boule de Nanteuil,
mod. or free. Fr.

133. Boule de Neige,
free. H.N.

134. Boule d'Or, dwf. or
mod. T.

135. Bouquet d'Or, vig.
N.

136. Bouton d'Or, mod.

137. Brennus, vig. H.
Ch.

138. * Bride, free. T.

130. * Bridesmaid, mod.
(Hugh.} T.

16

Blair.

Pink, large,
teemed in Engla

i««sc, double- much es-
England as a Pillar rose.
We do not value it highly for this cli-
mate.

Gargon, 1877. (Sent out by Margottin-
fils.) Belongs to Baronne Prdvost
type. Cherry-red, very large and full,
flat form ; will probably supersede Ma-
dame Boll. This is more productive,
has slimmer wood, smaller foliage,
stouter thorns than Madame Boll. The
latter sort has five leaflets only, this
has commonly seven ; remembering
this, it is easy to distinguish between
them.

Hardy, 1839. Deep salmon-rose, illum-
ined with carmine, medium size, semi-
double, highly scented, very free flow-
ering. This is only desirable in the bud
state ; for many years it has been a
leading kind for forcing. The English
florists have not yet discovered its
value.

1832. Bronzed pink, large and full, thick
petals; one of the hardiest. An old
variety, yet one of the most desirable.

Crimson-purple, fades easily ; worthless.

Lacharme, 1867. White, small, very full,
does not root from cuttings.

Margottin, 1860. Deep yellow, large,
very full ; does not open well.

Ducher, 1872. Yellow, with coppery cen-
tre, large, full.

Guillot fils, 1866. Orange-yellow, medium
size.

Laffay, 1830. Deep red, shaded with
violet. We now have almost the same
shade in Cheshunt Hybrid, a more
useful sort.

J. N. May, 1885. A sport from Cathe-
rine Mermet. Pure white, large, fine
form, very fragrant, free bloomer, ad-
mirably adapted for forcing.

Moore, 1892. A sport from Catherine
Mermet, described as being of a rich
clear pink, superior to the parent in

242

THE ROSE.

VARIETY, HABIT
OF GROWTH, AND CLASS.

DESCRIPTION.

140. Brightness of Ches- G
hunt. H.R.

141. * Brighton Beauty,
vig. H.T.

142. *Bruce Findlay, vig.
//./?.

143. Cabbage.

144. Camille Bernardin,
free or vig. H.R,

145. Camoens. H.T.

146. Canary, dwf. T.

147. Cannes LaCoquette,
mod. H.T.

148. Captain Christy,
mod. or dwf. H. T.

149. Captain John In-
gram, free. M.

150. Captain L a m u r e,

151. * Captain Lefort,
vig. T.

152. Cardinal Patrizzi,
mod. H.R.

153. Carl Coers, vig.
H.R.

154. Caroline, mod. T.

155. Caroline Cook, mod.

cloudy weather, as it holds its color
much better.

. Paul, 1881. Belongs to Duke of Ed-
inburgh type. Vivid red, medium size.

Rich'd Bagg. Sent out by J. N. May, 1891.
Bright red flowers produced in great pro-
fusion all summer; suitable for bedding.

Paul & Son, 1891. "Large, beautifully
shaped, bright crimson.'

See Centifolia.

Gautreau, 1865. Raised from General
Jacqueminot. Light crimson, medium
size, semi-cupped form, fragrant; does
not bloom until late in the season, and
then the flowers fade easily ; never
very productive.

Schwartz, 1881. Pale rose, base of petals
yellow.

Guillot pere, 1852. Canary-yellow, beau-
tiful little buds, delicate habit.

Nabonnand, 1877. Raised from La
France. Salmon, with a shade of red.
Much behind the parent in value.

Lacharme, 1873. Raised from Victor
Verdier X Safrano. Delicate flesh
color, deepening in shade toward the
centre, medium size, sometimes large,
full ; the foliage when young somewhat
resembles Mahonia leaves. Ill-shaped
flowers are not uncommon, but it is a
most lovely sort when in perfection.

Laffay, 1856. Purple-crimson, color non-
permanent ; dark, small foliage, in five
leaflets.

Levet, 1870. Dark red, tinged with
violet.

Bonnaire, 1889. Large, purplish-rose, re-
verse of petals China rose.

Trouillard, 1857. Giant of Battles type.
Crimson, with a tinge of purple.

Granger, 1865. Purple-red.

Rosy-flesh, deeper toward centre; prettily

formed buds.
A. Cook, 1871. Raised from Safrano.

Apricot-yellow, with a shade of rose ;

not a valuable sort.

CATALOGUE OF VARIETIES. 243

VARIETY, HABIT
OF GROWTH, AND CLASS.

DESCRIPTION.

156. * Caroline d'Arden,
vig. H.R.

157. Caroline de Sansal,
vig. H.R.

158. Caroline Marniesse,
free. N.

159. Caroline S c h m i 1 1.

160. Catherine Bell, free.
H.Cl.

161. Catherine Guillot.
B.

162. Catherine Mermet,
mod. or free. T.

163. Catherine Soupert,
mod. H.R.

164. * C e c i 1 e Brunner,
mod, Pol.

165. Celine, dwf. M.

166. Celine Forestier,
vig. N.

167. Cels-Multi flora
mod. Beng.

168. Centi folia, free
(Cabbage or Common
Provence.) Prov.

169. Centifolia Cristata
free. Dam.

170. Centifolia Rose a
mod. H.R.

A. Dickson & Sons, 1888. Very large.
full; pure soft rose color ; of delightful
fragrance; petals of great substance.

Desprez, 1849. (Sent out by Hippolyte
Jamain.) Flesh color, deepening
toward the centre; large, full flowers,
flat form, often indented ; subject to
mildew ; very hardy. An unreliable
sort, but beautiful when in perfection;
generally it is of better quality in Sep-
tember than in June.

ioeser, 1848. Creamy white, small and
full ; seven leaflets, nearly hardy.

Schmitt, 1881. Raised from Solfaterre.
Salmon-yellow, changing to pale yellow.

Bell & Son, 1877. Rose color, large,
loose flowers ; very poor.

Guillot fils, 1861. Raised from Louise
Odier. Rose color.

Guillot fils, 1869. Flesh color, with the
same silvery lustre seen in La France ;
large, full, well formed ; not very pro-
ductive, yet not a shy bloomer ; very
beautiful in the bud ; when the flowers
expand they exhale a delightful per-
fume. The finest of all the Teas.

Lacharme, 1879. Rosy-peach ; distinct.

Mme. Ducher, 1890. A hybrid from
Polyantha simplex fertilized by a Tea.
Salmon-pink, with deep salmon centre ;
very small, full, delicately centred ;
admirable in bud and open flower.

Robert, 1855. Crimson-purple.

Trouillard, 1860. Pale yellow, deepen-
ing toward the centre ; the hardiest of
the Tea-scented section.

Cels, 1838. Flesh color, very free-bloom-
ing.

Rose color, large, full, globular, fragrant.
A very desirable garden variety.

Vibert, 1827. Large, pink flowers, not
crested, fragrant and good.

Touvais, 1863. Bright rose, circular, shell
form ; light green wood, with numerous
red thorns ; foliage crimpled.

244

THE ROSE.

VARIETY, HABIT
OF GROWTH, AND CLASS.

DESCRIPTION.

171. Charles Baltet. H.
JR.

172. Charles Darwin,
free. H.R.

173. Charles DuvaL H.
R.

174. C h a r 1 e s Fontaine.
H.R.

175. Charles Getz, vig,
B.

176. Charles Lawson.
vig. H.Ck.

177. Charles Lefebvre,
free. (Marguerite
Brassac.) H.R.

178. Charles Margottin,
mod. H.R.

180. Charles Rouillard
H.R.

181. Charles Rovolli,
free. T.

182. Charles Turner,
free. H.R.

E. Verdier, 1877. Carmine-red, medium
size, full, fragrant.

Laxton, 1879. (Sent out by G. Paul.)
Raised from Madame Julie Daran.
Brownish-crimson, with a shade of vio-
let, very beautiful and distinct ; mil-
dews easily.

E. Verdier, 1877. Red, medium size.

Fontaine, 1868. Crimson, fragrant.

A. Cook, 1871. Rosy-pink, medium size,
full, fragrant ; shy in autumn.

1853. Light rose color, large, full, frag-
rant ; 5 leaflets ; useful for pillars.

Lacharme, 1861. Claimed to have been
raised from General Jacqueminot X
Victor Verdier. Reddish-crimson,
sometimes with a shade of purple, very
velvety and rich, but fading quickly ;
large, full, thick petals, beautifully
formed. There are a few thorns of light
red ; the wood and foliage are of light
reddish-green. A splendid rose.

Vlargottin, 1864. A seeding of Jules
Margottin. Fiery red, shaded with
crimson ; large, full flowers ; retains

' the color well ; smooth, reddish wood,
armed with occasional red spines ; fo-
liage slightly crimpled. An excellent,
distinct rose, quite unlike the parent in
habit. It doubtless comes from a nat-
ural cross of some dark sort like Charles
Lefeb'ure on Jules Margottin.

E. Verdier, 1865. Pale rose, well formed.

'ernet, 1875. Carmine rose, not unlike
Bon Silene, from which variety, so far
as our observation goes, it differs only
in being inferior.

Margottin, 1869. Crimson vermilion,
large, full flowers, flat form, resembling
General Washington: wood armed
with numerous dark-red thorns. A shy
bloomer.

CATALOGUE OF VARIETIES. 245

VARIETY, HABIT
OF GROWTH, AND CLASS.

DESCRIPTION.

183. Charles Verdier
dwf. H.R.

184. Chenedolle, vig
H.Ch.

185. Cheshunt Hybrid
vig. H.T.

186. *Cheveral, vig. M,

187. Christian Puttner,
dwf. H.Ch.

188. *Christine de Noue,
vig. T.

189. Christine Nilsson,
free. H.R.

190. Claire Carnot, vig.

191. * Clara Cochet, vig.
H.R.

192. Clara Sylvain, mod.
(Lady Warrender.)
Beng.

193. Claude Bernard,
mod. H.R.

194. Claude Level. H.
R.

195. *Claudine Perreau,
vig. T.

196. Clemence Raoux,
vig. H.R.

197. Clement Nabon-
nand, free. T.

198. *Cleopatra, mod. T.

Guillot pere, 1866. A seedling of Victor
Verdier. Pink, with a tinge of salmon ;
globular, full flowers ; thorns dark red.
A bad one to open, and fades very soon.

Bright red, large, double ; shoots very
spiny, 5 to 7 leaflets.

G. Paul, 1872. Believed to be a natural
cross from Madame de Tartas X
Prince Camille de Rohan. Red, shad-
ed with violet ; large, full, slightly fra-
grant ; very distinct. A good rose, free
in the spring, but shy in autumn.

Moreau-Robert, 1887. Large, full, very
double; rich bronze red, changing to
dark purplish-crimson ; fragrant.

Oger, 1861. Deep violet-rose ; an impure
shade.

Guillot, 1890. Very large and full, deep
purplish-red, centre lake and clear pur-
ple ; sweet.

Leveque, 1867. Rose color. In the way
of Madame Boutin.

Guillot fils, 1873. Pale yellow, somewhat
in the way of Celine Forestier, but
more fragrant.

Lacharme, 1886. Clear satiny rose, with
brighter centre : large and full.

Madame Pean. White, strongly infused
with Tea blood.

Liabaud, 1878. Raised from Jules Mar-
gottin. Rose color ; little fragrance ;
not a desirable sort.

Levet, 1872. Velvety red, fragrant.

Lambert, 1887. A seedling of Souvenir
d'un Ami, with full, globular, pink
flowers; flower-stems stiff , blooms well
displayed.

Granger. 1868. (Sent out by Charles Lee.)
A washed-out pink; large, fragrant
flowers, quartered shape ; worthless.

Nabonnand, 1877. Light yellow, shaded
with rosy-salmon ; not valuable.

Bennett, 1890. Large and beautiful; pale
pink; long pointed buds, produced on
stiff stems.

246

THE ROSE.

VARIETY, HABIT
OF GROWTH, AND CLASS.

DESCRIPTION.

199. Climbing C a p t a i n Ducher & S(Eur, 1881. Flowers are like

Christy. H.Cl.

200. Climbing Bessie
Johnson, vig. H.Cl.

201. Climbing Charles

Lefebvre, free.
Cl.

H.

202. Climbing Countess

of Oxford, free.

H.

203. Climbing Devo-
niensis, vig. Cl. T.

S. J. Pavitt, 1858. (Sent out by Henry
Curtis.) A sport from Devoniensis.
This seems to us as productive as the
old sort, and its extra vigor of growth
is an advantage.
204. Climbing Edward G. Paul, 1879. A sport, likely to make

Morren, vig. H.Cl.
205. Climbing Jules Mar-
gottin, vig. H.Cl.

206. Climbing

Victor Verdier. H.
Cl.

207. Climbing Mademoi- G. Paul

selle Eugenie Ver-

dier, free. H.Cl.

tos, vig. T.

Jardins, vig. T.

210. Climbing Victor
Verdier, free. H.Cl.

the old variety, from which it is a sport,
but the shoots are more slender and
longer.

7. Paul, 1878. A sport from Bessie John-
son. Like the parent, except more
vigorous.

Cranston, 1876. Not any stronger in
growth than the original.

Smith, 1875. Of no value.

a very useful pillar rose.
Cranston, 1875. A sport from Jules Mar-
gottin. Flowers are the same as in the
old sort, except being a little smaller,
and for this reason it is finer in the bua
state. The best of all the climbing
sports ; highly commended as a useful
pillar rose.
Madame Cranston, 1877. A humbug.

1877. " Light rosy-salmon ;
like all these climbing sports the flowers
become smaller, and are produced more
freely than the type."

208. * Climbing Niphe- Keynes & Co., 1889. A very vigorous,

rapid-growing climbing sport from the
well-known Tea rose Niphetos. Flow-
ers identical with those of the type.

209. *Climbing Perle des J. Henderson, 1890. A sport from the

well-known variety. Identical with the
parent except in growth, the sport being

of vi^
G. Paul

igorous climbing habit.
-. * «ul. 1871. Flowers somewhat small-
er and less freely produced than in the
old sort.

* Climbing V i c t o r G. Paul, 1871. Carmine-rose.
Verdier, free. H.Cl.

CATALOGUE OF VARIETIES.

247

VARIETY, HABIT
OF GROWTH, AND CLASS.

DESCRIPTION.

212. Cloth of Gold, vig.
(Ckrotnatella.) N.

213. Clothilde. T.

214. Clothilde Holland,
H.R.

215. * Clothilde Soupert,
vig. Pol.

216. Col. de Rougemont.
mod. H.R.

217. Colonel de Sansal,
mod. H.R.

218. Cornice de Seine-et-
Marne, mod. B.

219. Cornice de Tarn-et-
Garonne, mod. B.

220. Common Moss, free.
(Old Moss.) M.

221. Comte A. de Ger-
miny. H.R.

222. Comte d'Eu. B.

223. Comte de Flandres
H.R.

224. Comte deGrivel. T.

225. Comte de Morte
mart, free. H.R.

226. Comte de Nanteuil
vig. H.Ch.

227. Comte d e Paris
mod. or dwf. T.

228. Comte de Sembui
mod. T.

Coquereau, 1843. Raised from Lamar-
que. Deep yellow centre with sul-
phur edges ; large, full flowers. A
grand rose, but difficult to grow well,
olland, 1867. Creamy - white, centre
rosy salmon.

Holland, 1867. Cherry-rose.

Soupert et Netting, 1890. Medium size •
very double and beautifully imbricated
like an aster ; produced in clusters ;
pearly-white, with rosy-lake centres,
liable to vary, producing often red and
white flowers on same plant.

^acharme, 1853. Of the Baronne Provost
type. Light rose.

[amain, 1874. Carmine-red.

radel, 1842. Deep red, shaded with vio-
let.
Pradel, 1852. Carmine-red, well formed.

Pale rose, very beautiful in the bud. Dif-
ficult to propagate from cuttings. None
others in the class, except Crested and
Gracilis, can rank with this in quality.

Leveque, 1881. Raised f rom Jules Mar-
got tin. Bright rose.

Lacharme, 1844. Raised from Gloire des
Rosomanes. Bright, rosy-crimson.

Leveque, 1881. Raised from Madame
Victor Verdier. " Reddish-purple, vel-
vety, illumined with carmine."

Level, 1871. Raised from Canary. Pale
yellow.

Margottin fils, 1880. Rose color, very
fragrant ; smooth, pale-green wood.

Quetier, 1852. Light rose, large, full
flowers, sometimes with green centre ;
not unlike Chene'dolle.

Madame Pean, 1844. Flesh color, large
flowers.

Madame Ducher, 1874. Salmon and rose,
the base of petals coppery-yellow ;
large, full flowers, often malformed.
A grand rose when well grown, but too
unreliable.

248

THE ROSE.

VARIETY, HABIT
OF GROWTH, AND CLASS.

DESCRIPTION.

229. Comte de Thun-Ho-
henstein. H.R.

230. Comte Taverna,
mod. T.

231. * Comtesse Anna
Thun, vig. T.

232. Comtesse C6cile de
Chabrillant. mod. H.
R.

233. Comtesse de Bar-
bantane, free. B,

234. Comtesse de Ca-
mondo. H.R.

235. Comtesse de Caser-
ta. T.

236. Comtesse de Choi-
seuil. H.R.

237. * Comtesse de Frig-
neuse, vig. 7".

238. * Comtesse Horace
de Choiseul, vig. T.

239. Comtesse de La-
barthe, free. T.

240. Comtesse de Ludre
H.R.

241. Comtesse de Mu
rinais, vig. M.

242. Comtesse de Na- Guillot
daillac, mod. T.

243. Comtesse de Segur
Prov.

244. Comtesse de
nye, mod. H.R

^eveque, 1880. Reddish-crimson.
Ducher, 1871. Pale yellow.

Soupert et Netting, 1887. Golden orange-
yellow; large, full, cupped,very fragrant.

Vlarest, 1850. Satiny-pink, never above
medium size, full, fragrant ; of perfect
globular form ; numerous dark thorns
of small size ; foliage dark and tough.
A lovely rose.

uillot pere, 1858. Raised from Louise
Odier. Blush, shaded with rose.

Leveque, 1880. Red, shaded.

tfabonnand, 1877. Coppery-red.

Mottheau, 1878. Cherry-red, shaded
with crimson, in the style of Marie
Rady.

Guillot et Fils, 1886. Delicate canary

C" >w ; large, full, well formed ; bud
and pointed ; free flowering.
Leveque, 1885. Delicate rose, shaded
with coppery- yellow ; large, full, and
finely formed.

Bernede, 1857. Pink shaded with car-
mine rose ; pretty in the bud. (Syn.
Desse de Brabant.)
E. Verdier, 1879. Carmine-red.

Vibert, 1843. White, tinged with flesh;
not inclined to mildew.

fils, 1871. Coppery-yellow, il-
lumined with carmine-rose ; large, full,
distinct and effective ; highly esteemed.

V. Verdier, 1848. Buff-white.

Sere- Lacharme, 1874. Said to be raised from
La Jfet'ne, but it shows more of the
Jules Margottin characteristics. Sil-
very-pink, often mottled ; a full, finely
shaped, globular flower, of medium size;
slightly fragrant ; wood light green, fo-
liage darker, thorns red, seven leaflets.
Not reliable about opening, but a very
free bloomer, and well worthy a place in

CATALOGUE OF VARIETIES. 249

VARIETY, HABIT
OF GROWTH, AND CLASS.

DESCRIPTION.

245. Comtesse Henrietta
Combes. H.R.

246. Comtesse Nathalie
de Kleist. H.R.

247. Comtesse Riza du
Pare, free. T,

248. Comtesse Ouvaroff,
free. T.

249. Constantin Tretia-
koff. H.R.

250. Copper, mod. A.

251. Coquette des Alpes,
vig. H.N.

252. Coquette des Blan-
ches, free or vig. H.

253. Coquette de Lyon
mod. T.

254. Cornelie Koch, free
(Cornelia Cook.) T.

255. Countess of Har
rington, free. Fr.

256. Countess of Oxford
mod. H.R.

257. Countess of Rose
berry, mod. H.R.

a small collection. One of the most
distinct ; of great beauty when grown
under glass.
Schwartz, 1881. Bright satiny-rose.

Soupert et Netting, 1880. Coppery-rose,

reverse of petals lake.
Schwartz, 1876. Raised from Comtesse

de Labarthe. Bronzed rose, with a

carmine tint ; medium size, moderately

full, highly perfumed.
Margottin, 1861. Salmon-pink.

Jamain, 1877. Cherry-red, large, double,
without fragrance.

Coppery -red, very striking shade, semi-
double.

Lacharme, 1867. Raised from Blanche
Lafitte X Sappho. White, tinged with
blush ; size, medium to large : semi-
cupped form, the wood is long-jointed.
A very desirable white rose.

Lacharme, 1871. Same parentage as
above. White, sometimes tinged with
blush ; of medium size, very full, some-
what flat, but pretty ; growth bushy.
An improvement on Baronne de May-
nard and Madame Alfred de Rouge~
mont.

Ducher, 1870. Pale yellow ; medium or
small size ; pretty in bud, and useful
for bedding.

A. Koch, 1855. Raised from Devonien-
sis. White, sometimes faintly tinged
with pale yellow ; very large, full ; not
a free bloomer. This is quite apt to
come with a green centre,, but is a grand
rose when well grown, excelling all other
white Teas.

Cup-shaped, white flowers, double, pro-
duced in abundance.

Guillot pere, 1869. Raised from Victor
Verdier. Carmine-red, tinged with
lilac, fades quickly ; flowers very large
and full ; subject to mildew,

R. B. Postans, 1879. (Sent out by Wm.
Paul & Son.) Belongs to the Victor
Verdier type. Cherry-red.

25°

THE ROSE.

VARIETY, HABIT
OF GROWTH, AND CLASS.

DESCRIPTION.

258. Coupe d'Hebe, vig
H.Ck.

259. Cramoisi-Superieur,
free. (Agrippina.}
Beng.

260. Crested Moss, free
{Crist at a, or Crested
Provence.) M.

261. Crimson Bedder,
dwf. H.R.

262. Crimson Moss, free.

M'.
Crimson Perpetual.

263. * Crimson Queen,
vig. H.R.

264. Crown Prince. H.
R.

265. *Danmark,vig.
H.R,

266. David Pradel, mod.

267. Dean of Windsor,
mod. H.R.

268. De la Grifferaie,
vig. Mult.

269. Delille, mod. P.M.

270. De Luxembourg,
mod. or free. M.

271. De Meaux. dwf.
(Pompon.) M.

272. Desprez, vig. N.

273. Deuil de Paul Fon-
taine, vig. M.

374. D e v i e n n e Lamy,
mod. H.R.

Laffay. Deep pink, medium or large
sizej cup-form ; seven leaflets. A fine,
distinct sort.

Plantier, 1834. Rich, velvety crimson,
double ; fine in the bud. A good bed-
ding variety.

Discovered on the wall of a convent near
Fribourg, and sent out by Vibert, 1827.
Deep, pink-colored buds, surrounded
with a mossy fringe and crest ; free
from mildew. A fragrant, very beauti-
ful rose.

Cranston, 1874. Belongs to Giant of
Battles type. Crimson.

Lee. Crimson, semi-double ; poor.

See Rose du Roi.

W. Paul & Son, 1800. Very large, full ;

of beautiful globular form ; velvety

crimson, shaded with fiery red in the

centre and with maroon on the outer

petals.
W. Paul & Son, 1880. Reddish-crimson,

tinged with purple.
W. Paul & Son, 1890. " Flowers large, a

little deeper in color than La France^

which it resembles."
Pradel, 1851. Lilac-rose, large size.

Turner, 1879. Vermilion, large, full
flowers.

1846. Lilac-rose. This variety makes a
valuable stock on which to bud strong-
growing kinds.

Robert, 1852. Red, tinged with lilac, flat
form, fragrant, not mossy. Of no value.

Hardy. Crimson, not attractive.

Found growing in a garden at Taunton,
about 1825. Pink color, small, full
flowers.

Desprez, 1838. Rose, blended with cop-
pery-yellow, highly scented.

Fontaine, 1873. Red, shaded crimson,
large, full ; not mossy ; worthless.

Leveque, 1868. Carmine-red, well formed ;
a good sort.

CATALOGUE OF VARIETIES. 251

VARIETY, HABIT
OF GROWTH, AND CLASS.

DESCRIPTION.

375. Devoniensis, mod.
or free. T.

276. Diana. H.R.

277. D i n g e e - Conard,
mod. H.R.

278. *Dinsmore, vig.
H.R.

279. Dr. Andry, free. H.

280. Doctor Arnal, dwf.
H.R.

281. Doctor Berthet. T.

282. Doctor Chalus, free.
H.R.

283. Doctor Henon, dwf.
H.R.

284. Doctor Hogg, free.
H.R.

285. Doctor Hooker,free.
H.R.

286. Doctor Kane, vig.
or free. N.

287. Doctor Marx, mod.
H.R.

288. * Dr. Pasteur, vig.
H.T.

). Doctor Sewell, H.
R.

Foster, 1841. (Sent out by Lucombe,
Pince & Co.) Raised from Yellow Tea.
Creamy-white, centre sometimes tinged
with blush, very large, almost full ; one
of the most delightfully scented. Either
this or the climbing variety should be
in every collection ; though neither is
very productive.

W. Paul, 1874. Deep pink.

E. Verdier, 1875. Violet - crimson, il-
lumined with red, medium size, com-
pact.

Peter Henderson, 1887. Scarlet -crim-
son, large, double, very fragrant, free
bloomer.

E. Verdier, 1864. Rosy -crimson, large,
semi-cupped flowers, double, sometimes
full, fades badly ; foliage large and
glossy ; wood moderately smooth ;
thorns large and red. A better rose in
England than in this country.

Roeser, 1848. Red-shaded with crimson ;
medium or small size ; a free bloomer,
subject to mildew.

Fernet, 1878. Pale rose, deeper in centre.

Touvais, 1871. Vermilion, shaded with
crimson ; large, double or full, fragrant ;
a good seed-bearer.

Lille, 1855. White, centre shaded, me-
dium size, full ; often malformed, and
subject to mildew. Belongs to the old
Portland group.

Laxton, 1880. (Sent out by George Paul.)
Deep violet-red, medium size.

G. Paul, 1876. Raised from Duke of
Edinburgh. Crimson, with a shade of
velvety purple.

Pentland, 1856. Sulphur- yellow, large,
fine flowers ; difficult to grow well.

Laffay, 1842. Red, tinged with violet ; a
bad shade.

Moreau- Robert, 1887. Rosy -carmine, a
fine clear shade; flowers globular, finely
formed; free flowering; dark, rich foli-
age.

Turner, 1879. Bright crimson, tinged
with purple, large, full. A good rose.

252

THE ROSE.

VARIETY, HABIT
OF GROWTH, AND CLASS.

DESCRIPTION.

290. Double Margined
Hep, free. Dam.

291. Douglass, free.
Beng.

292. Duarte d'Oliveira,
vig. N.

293. Due d'Aumale, free.
(General Due <T
Auntale.) H.R.

294. Due de Cazes, free.
H.R.

295. Due de Magenta,
free. T.

296. Due de

sier, free. H.R.

297. Due de Rohan, free.
H.R.

298. Ducher, free. Beng.

299. Duchesse de Cam-
baceres, vig. H.R.

300. Duchesse de Cay-
lus, mod. H.R.

301. Duchesse de Char-
tres. H.R.

302. Duchesse d'Istrie,
mod. M,

303. Duchesse de Morny,
vig. H.Ch.

304. Duchesse d' Orleans,
free. H.R.

305. Duchesse de Thu-
ringe, free. B.

306. Duchesse de Val-
lombrosa, mod. H.
R.

307. Duchesse de Val-
lombrosa. T.

308. * Duchess of Al-
bany, vig. H.T.

White, tinged with pink, flat form, full ;

good.
V. Verdier, 1848. Crimson, medium size,

double, fine in the bud. A valuable

variety for house culture.
Brassac, 1880. Raised from Ophirie X

Reve d'Or. Salmon-rose, coppery at

base, medium size, full.
E. Verdier, 1875. Crimson; a good sort,

not unlike Maurice Bernardin.

Touvais, 1860. Violet - crimson, not a
pure shade ; double ; numerous stout
thorns.

Margottin, 1859. Flesh,shaded with fawn,

thick petals, full. A large, good tea.
Montpen- Leveque, 1876. Red, shaded with crim-
son ; a good sort.

Leveque, 1861. Vermilion, large, well
formed.

Ducher, 1869. Pure white, well formed.

Fontaine, 1854. Lilac-rose, impure color ;
double.

C. Verdier, 1864. Rosy -crimson, large,
double.

E. Verdier, 1875. Bright rose.

Portemer, 1857. Rose color, not valuable.

E. Verdier, 1863. Bright rose; erect

growth ; mildew.
Quetier, 1852. Blush, large, full; often

opens badly, and is subject to mildew.
Guillot pere, 1847. White, slightly tinged

with lilac ; a free bloomer.
Schwartz, 1875. Raised from Jules

Margottin. Pink, generally opens

badly ; not valuable.
Nabonnand, 1879. Coppery-red, distinct.

W. Paul & Son, 1888. A sport from the
well-known and popular La France^
While it resembles its parent in several
respects, it is quite distinct in color, be-
ing of a rich, deep, even pink tint, and
the shape is more finished; it is equally
vigorous, free blooming and fragrant.

CATALOGUE OF VARIETIES. 253

VARIETY, HABIT
OF GROWTH, AND CLASS.

DESCRIPTION.

309. Duchess of Con-
naught, dwf . H. T.

310. Duchess of Bedford,
mod. H.R.

311. Duchess of Edin-
burgh, mod. H.R.

312. Duchess of Edin-
burgh, mod. Beng.

313. Duchess of Norfolk,
free. H.R.

314. Duchess of Suther-
land, vig. H.R.

315. Duchess of West-
minster, mod. or
dwf. H,T.

316. Duke of Albany.
H.R.

317. Duke of Con-
naught, mod. H.R.

318. DukeofConnaught,
dwf. or mod. H. T.

Bennett, 1879. Raised from President
X Duchesse de Vallombrosa (H.R.)
Silvery-rose; of large, globular form ;
full, highly scented. Resembles La
France, but the flowers are more circu-
lar, the foliage larger and better. It
retains its globular form, the petals re-
curving to a less extent ; but La France
is, notwithstanding, much the better
sort.

R. B. Postans. 1879. (Sent out by W.
Paul & Son.) Belongs to the Victor
Verdier type. Cherry-red ; very good.

Dunand, 1874. (Given by the raiser to
Schwartz, by nim sold to Henry Ben-
nett, who sent it out.) Belongs to Jules
Margottin type. Pink, not valuable.

Nabonnand. 1874. (Sent out by Veitch.)
Raised from Souvenir de David
d'A ngers. A Bengal with Tea blood.
Crimson, turning lighter as the bud ex-
pands : of good size, moderately full.

Margottin, 1861. (Sent out by Wood.)
Rosy-red, medium size, cup-shaped ; a
shy bloomer, and not valuable.

Laffay, 1840. Rosy-pink, large, full; shy
in autumn.

Bennett, 1879. Raised from President X
Marquise de Castellane. Satiny-
pink, shaded with rose, sometimes the
color is carmine-rose ; large, full flowers,
with a faint Tea odor. The flowers
are apt to be irregular and not of good
finish, the buds are generally good.
Subject to mildew.

W. Paul & Son, 1882. Crimson.

G. Paul, 1875. Deep, velvety-crimson,
with a fiery flush ; medium size, full,
well formed ; burns badly, very shy in
autumn. In England this is one of the
finest dark roses ; we have seen it in
grand form at the raiser's, but it has no
value for out-door culture in this coun-
try.

Bennett, 1879. Raised from President
X Louis Van Houtte. Rosy -crimson,

254

THE ROSE.

VARIETY, HABIT
OF GROWTH, AND CLASS.

DESCRIPTION.

319. Duke of Edinburgh
vig. H.R.

320. Duke of Teck, vig
H.R.

321. Duke of Wellington,
mod. H.R.

322. Dumnacus, mod.
H.R.

323. D u p e ti t Thouars,
vig. B.

324. Dupuy Jamain,free.

. Dupu
H.R.

. Du Roi.

325. Earl of Beacons-
field, dwf. H.R.

326. * Earl of Dufferin,
vig. H.R.

327. * Eclair, vig. H.R.

328. Eclatante, free. M.

large, full, well formed, good in bud,
almost without fragrance ; the buds do
not always open. A fine rose when
well grown, but it will never be useful
for ordinary cultivators.

G. Paul, 1868. Raised from General
Jacqueminot. Bright crimson, large,
double flowers, little fragrance ; foliage
large and attractive. Occasionally this
is very fine early in the season, but the
flowers lack substance and durability of
color. It is more shy in the autumn
than the parent ; not to be commended
for general culture.

G. Paul, 1880. Raised from Duke of
Edinburgh. Very bright crimson ; not
well tested in this country; we were
much pleased with it as seen at Ches-
hunt.

Granger, 1864. Red, shaded with crim-
son.

Moreau-Robert, 1880. Raised from Coun-
tess of Oxford. Carmine-red.

Portemer, 1844. Raised from Emile
Courtier. Deep red, shaded with crim-
son ; hardy, non-autumnal.

Jamain, 1868. Cherry-red, with a shade
of crimson ; large, double, well formed,
fragrant ; a good seed -bearer. Were
this more full, it would be a rose of the
first rank.

See Rose du Roi.

Christy, 1880. (Sent out by G. Paul.)
Cherry -rose, medium size, beautiful
form.

A. Dickson & Sons, 1887. Rich brilliant
velvety-crimson, shaded with dark ma-
roon; large, full, finely formed; delight-
ful fragraqce. A vigorous grower.

Lacharme, 1883. Fiery red, large, hand-
some, in the way of Charles Lefebvre.

Cherry -rose, buds of good form, well
mossed ; darker than the Common or
Prolific, one of the best. Why this
rose has passed out of cultivation we
do not know ; there are but three in
the class as good.

CATALOGUE OF VARIETIES. 255

VARIETY, HABIT
OF GROWTH, AND CLASS.

DESCRIPTION.

329. * Edith Gifford, vig.

330. Edmund Wood,
mod. H.R.

331. Edward Andre, free.
H.R.

332. Edward Desfosses,
free. B.

333. Edward Dufour,
free. H.R.

334. Edward Jesse, free.
H.R.

335. Edward Morren,
vig. H.R.

336. Edward Pynaert,
free. H.R.

337. Egeria,dwf.

or mod.

338. Elie Morel, mod.
H.R.

339. Elise Flory, mod.
Beng.

340. * Elise Fugier, vig.

341. Elise Sauvage, dwf.
(Z,1 'enfant trouve'.)

342. Elise Boelle, mod.
or dwf. H.N.

Guillot fils, 1882. Large and full, flesh
color ; centre salmon-rose changing to
white.

E. Verdier, 1875. Red, flowering in
corymbs ; short, reddish wood.

E. Verdier, 1879. Red, tinged with pur-
ple.

Renard-Courtier, 1840. Carmine - rose,
medium size, double, or nearly full,
fragrant. An excellent rose.

Leveque, 1877. Raised from Annie
Wood. Crimson, tinged with purple.

Deep rose, small, double.

Granger. 1868. (Sent out by Charles Lee.)
Raised from Jules Margottin. Deep
cherry -rose, large, flat flowers, very
full ; sometimes comes with a green
centre. A fine sort when well grown.

Schwartz, 1877. Raised from Antoine
Ducher. feed, shaded with crimson-
purple, a bad color ; medium or small
size, fragrant.

Schwartz, 1878. (Sent out by Bennett.)
Raised from Jules Ma-rgottin. Salmon-
pink, a very lovely shade ; medium size,
full, semi-globular ; not of good consti-
tution. For experienced cultivators
this is a superb sort.

Boucharlat, 1867. (Sent out by Liabaud.)
Lilac-rose, full, fragrant ; green wood,
with occasional red spines ; the char-
acter of its growth is not pleasing. Shy
in autumn.

Guillot pere, 1852. Shaded rose.

Bonnaire, 1890. Seedling of Niphetos.

described as resembling it in form 01

bud, but of better habit ; color rich

creamy-white.
Miellez, 1818. Orange -yellow, medium

size, full.

Guillot pere, 1860. White, delicately
tinged with pink, medium size, full,
beautiful circular form ; light green
wood, armed with numerous small
spines. A lovely rose.

'5*

THE ROSE.

VARIETY, HABIT
OF GROWTH, AND CLASS.

DESCRIPTION.

343. Elizabeth Vigneron
free. H.R.

344. Emile Courtier
free. B.

345. Emilia Plan tier
free. H.N.

346. Emilie Hausburgh
free. H.Ch.

347. Emily Laxton. H
R.

348. Empereur de Ma-
roc, mod. H.R.

349. Empereur de Bresil,
H.R.

350. Empress of India,
free. H.R.

351. * Ernest Metz, vig.
T.

352. Ernest Prince. H.
R.

353. Etienne Dupuy,vig.
H.Ch.

354. Etienne Levet,mod.
H.R.

355. Etna, mod. M.

356. Etoile de Lyon. T.

357. * Etoile d'Or, dwf.
Pol.

Vigneron, 1865. (Sent out by W. Paul.)
Raised from Duchess of Sutherland.
Bright pink, fragrant ; an inferior Miss
Hassard.

Portemer. Bright red, a good seed-
bearer.

Schwartz, 1878. Yellowish -white, semi-
double, sometimes double, ill formed ;
utterly worthless.

Leveque, 1868. Lilac-rose, a muddy
shade ; large, full, globular form, fra-
grant. Its bad color destroys its use-
fulness.

Laxton, 1877. (Sent out by G. Paul.)
Belongs to Jules Margottin type.
Cherry-rose, good in the bud.

Guinoiseau, 1858. (Sent out by E. Ver-
dier.) Belongs to Giant of Battles
type. Crimson, tinged with purple.

Soupert et Netting, 1880. Magenta-red.

Laxton, 1876. (Sent out by G. Paul.)
Raised from Triomphe des Beaux
A rts. Brownish - crimson, medium
size, globular, fragrant ; dark green
foliage, spines light colored. Many of
the buds do not open well, and it is shy
in the autumn ; a splendid sort when
perfect.

uillot, 1888. Large, full, finely formed;
soft carmine-rose; bud long, handsome.

Ducher & Soeur, 1881. Raised from A n-
toine Ducher. Red, shaded in centre.

Leyet, 1873. Light rose color, medium
size, cupped shape ; thick shoots, nearly
smooth ; tough foliage.

Levet, 1871. Raised from Victor Ver-
dier. Carmine-red ; one of the finest
in the type.

Laffay, 1845. Crimson, tinged with pur-
ple. Not of first rank,
uillot, 1881. Deep yellow ; a rival for
Perle des Jar dins.

Dubreuil, 1889. Flowers medium size,
citron -yellow in color in the centre,
shading to pale chrome -yellow, very
free flowering and pretty.

CATALOGUE OF VARIETIES.

257

VARIETY, HABIT
OF GROWTH, AND CLASS.

DESCRIPTION.

358. Eugene Appert,
dwf. or mod. H.R.

359. Eugene Beauhar-
nais, mod. Beng.

360. Eugenie Gumoi- Guinoiseau
seau, mod. M.

361. Eugene Pirolle, vig.
(Admiral Rtgney.)

362. Eugenie Verdier,
dwf. H.R,

363. Eveque de Nimes.
mod. H.R.

364. Exposition de Brie.
H.R.

365. * E. Y. Teas, mod.
or dwf. H.R.

366. Fabvier. Beng.

367. Fdicien David. H.
R.

368. Felicite Perpetuelle,
vig. Ev.

369. Felix Genero. H.R.

370. Fellemberg, vig. N.

371. Ferdinand Chaf-
folte. H.R.

372. Ferdinand de Les-
seps, free. H.R.

373. Firebrand, dwf. H.
R.

374. Fisher Holmes, free.
H.R.

375. Flag of the Union.

Trouillard, 1859. Belongs to Giant of
Battles type- Velvety-maroon, shaded
with deep crimson. A rore of superb
color, but with all the family failings.

Moreau, 1865. Crimson, a good sort,

but inferior to Agrippina.

, 1865. Red, shaded with vio-
let ; very subject to mildew ; poor.
Red, tinged with crimson; nearly
hardy ; not of high quality.

Guillot fils, 1869. Raised from Victor
Verdier. Silvery -pink, tinged with
fawn ; a lovely shade ; fine in the bud.
One of the best of the type.

Damaizin, 1856. Raised from Giant of
Battles. Crimson, illumined with fiery
red ; very tender and delicate.

Granger, 1865. The same as Maurice
Bernardin.

E. Verdier, 1874. Carmine-crimson, high-
ly scented.

Laffay. Rosy-crimson, semi-double.

E. Verdier, 1872. Deep rose, tinged with
purple.

Jacques, 1828. Creamy-white, small, full.
Must be sparingly pruned.

Damaizin, 1866. Violet-rose.

Rosy-crimson. Like Eugene Pirolle.

Pernet, 1879. Reddish- crimson, round
formed, without fragrance ; does not
seem an addition of merit.

E. Verdier, 1869. See Maurice Bernar-
din.

Labruyere, 1873. (Sent out by W. Paul.)
Crimson, medium size, double, good,
circular form, cup -shaped, fragrant;
shy in autumn. Not unlike Andrif
Leroy.

E. Verdier, 1865. May be briefly de-
scribed as an improved General Jac-^
queminot ; the flowers are fuller and
more freely produced. A very valua-
ble sort.

Described by Hallock & Thorpe as " a
sport from Bon Silene^ being a fac-
simile of the parent in habit of growth

258

THE ROSE.

VARIETY, HABIT
OF GROWTH, AND CLASS.

DESCRIPTION.

376. Flavescens, mod.
(Yellow Tea.) T.

377. Flora Nabonnand,
mod. T.

378. Fontenelle, mod.

379. Fontenelle. H.R.

380. Fortunei, vig. Bk.

381. Fortune's Double
Yellow, yig. Bk.

382. * Francisca Kruger,
vig. T.

383. Francois
mod. H.R,

384. Francois Courtin,
free. H.R.

385. Francois Fontaine,
mod. H.R.

386. Francois Gaulain.
H.R.

387. Francois Herincq.
H.R.

388. Francois Lacharme,
free. H.R.

389. Francois Louvat.
H.R.

390. Fran£ois Levet. H.
R.

391. Francois Michelon,
free. H.R.

and freedom of bloom ; the flowers are
equal in size to Bon Silene. The
markings are not quite so distinct as in
American Banner, i.e., the predomi-
nant color is rose instead of white, but
each flower is regularly marked ; it is a
very pleasing variety.

Introduced from China about 1824. Light
yellow, long, fine buds, fragrant. This
has been the parent of many of our
finest yellow Teas.

Nabonnand, 1877. Canary-yellow, edged
with rose.

Vibert, 1849. Rose color, not mossy ;
poor.

Moreau- Robert. 1877. Carmine-red.

Introduced by Fortune, from China, in
1850. Blush-white.

Introduced by Fortune, from China, in
1845. Bronzed yellow.

Nabonnand^ 1879. Coppery - yellow ;

shaded with peach, large and full.
Arago, Trouillard, 1859. Belongs to Giant of
Battles type. Velvety -maroon, illu-
mined with fiery red. Resembles Lord
Raglan.

E. Verdier, 1873. Cherry -red, shaded
with crimson, semi-globular, full, some-
what fragrant ; thorns yellowish-red.

C. Fontaine, 1867. Rosy -crimson, fine,
globular form, in the style of Stnateur
Vaisse.

Schwartz, 1878. Deep purplish-crimson.

E. Verdier, 1878. Red, globular form.

V. Verdier, 1861. Rosy-carmine, tinged

with deep violet-red.
Violet-red, globular form.

A. Levet, 1880. Cherry-rose, medium
size; style of Paul Verdier.

Levet, 1871. Raised from La Reine.
Deep rose, tinged with lilac, very large,
full, of fine globular form ; fragrant,
free-blooming. The wood and foliage
are light green, erect habit, thorns not

CATALOGUE OF VARIETIES.

259

VARIETY, HABIT
OF GROWTH, AND CLASS.

DESCRIPTION.

392. Francois Premier,
mod. H.R.

393. Francois Treyve.
H ' .R.

394. Gabriel Tournier,
free. H.R.

395. Gas ton LeVeque,
free or mod. H.R.

396. Gem of the Prairies,
free. P.

General Due d'Au-

male.

397. General Jacquemi-
not, vig. H. CA.

398. General Jacquemi-
not, vig. H.R.

399. * General Mertchan
sky, vig. T.

400. General Simpson,
free. H.R.

401. General Tartas,free

402. General Von Molt-
ke, mod. H.R.

403. General Washing-
ton, mod. H.R.

Chateau- Oudin

404. Genie de

briand, free or mod
H.R.

numerous, wood long-jointed, the foli-
age somewhat crimpled. A very dis-
tinct choice sort ; excelling in June and
July, when other kinds are past their
prime, and also in the autumn.

Trouillard, 1858. Red, shaded with crim-
son.

Liabaud, 1866. Fiery red, globular form.

evet, 1876. In habit like Pceonia.

Rosy-red, large, globular flowers, free

in autumn.
LeVeque, 1878. Bright rosy -crimson,

large, full ; spines of yellowish-green ;

C. Mar got tin style.
A. Burgess, 1865. Believed to be from

Queen of the Prairies X Madame

Laffay. Rosy -red. Occasionally

blotched with white ; large, flat flowers,

slightly fragrant.
See Due d'Aumale.

Laffay, 1846. Purple-crimson.

Rouselet, 1853. A probable seedling from
the old Hybrid China Gloire des Roso-
•manes. Brilliant crimson, not full, but
large and extremely effective ; fra-
grant, and of excellent, hardy habit.

Nabonnand, 1890. Large, good form ;
rosy blush ; fragrant and pretty.

Ducher, 1855. Cherry-rose, medium size,
pretty form ; erect growth, tender.

Bernede. Deep, mottled rose, sometimes
tinged with buff •. beautiful buds, good
habit. An excellent rose.

Bell & Son, 1873. Raised from Charles
Lefebvre. Same style as the parent,
but much inferior to it.

Granger, 1861. Raised from Triomphe
de f Exposition. Red, shaded with
crimson, large, very full, flat form ; the
flowers are often malformed, greatly
lessening its value. A profuse bloomer,
and when in perfection, a very fine sort,
udin. Violet-rose, very large, full, flat,
or quartered shape. A bad-colored rose.

260

THE ROSE.

VARIETY, HABIT
OF GROWTH, AND CLASS.

DESCRIPTION.

405. George Baker. H.
R.

406. George Moreau,
vig. H.R.

407. George Peabody,
mod. B.

408. * George Fernet,
free. Pol.

409. George Prince, free
or vig. H.R,

410. George the Fourth,
vig. H.Ch.

411. George Vibert, free.
Proii.

412. Gerard Desbois, vig.

413. Giant of Battles,
dwf. (Ge'ant des
Battailles.) H.R.

414. Gigantesque, free.

415. * Gloire Lyonnaise, Guillot fils, 1885
vig. H.R.

416. Gloire de Bordeaux,
vig. Cl. T.

417. Gloire de Bourg-la-
Reine, mod. H.R.

418. Gloire de Dijon, vig.

. Paul, 1881. "Pure lake, shaded with
cerise, almost mildew proof ; in the way
of Dupuy J amain, but distinct."

Moreau-Robert, 1880. Raised iromPaul
Neyron. Bright red, shaded with
vermilion, very large, full, opening
well.

J. Pentland, 1857. Probably from Paul
Joseph. Rosy-crimson, medium or small
size, full, well formed, fragrant. One of
the best Bourbons, highly commended.

Jos. Pernet, 1887. Flowers medium ;
silvery -yellow, changing to peach ; an
abundant bloomer.

E. Verdier, 1864. Rosy- crimson, quite
smooth wood ; a free blooming, excel-
lent rose.

Rivers. Crimson, semi-double or double ;
no longer of any value.

Robert, 1853. Rosy-purple, striped with
white, medium size.

Bright red, of good form ; one of the har-
diest and most useful in the class.

Nerard,i846. (Sentout by Guillot pere.)
Deep, fiery crimson, very brilliant and
rich when first opening, but quickly
fades, medium or small size, full, well
formed, handsome, Bourbon-like foli-
age, very liable to mildew. This va-
riety and all of its type are of delicate
constitutions.

Odier, 1845. Deep rose, sometimes mot-
tled ; often fine but apt to come mal-
formed or somewhat coarse.

White, tinted yellow ;
large, moderately full ; resembles a Tea
rose in form and fragrance.

Lartoy, 1861. Raised from Gloire de Di-
jon. Rose color, tinged with fawn.

Margottin, 1879. Vivid red, double.

Jacotot, 1853. In color a combination of
rose, salmon and yellow ; flowers very
large, very full, good globular form ;
the outer petals inclined to fade. A
very useful rose, probably the hardiest
of the Teas.

CATALOGUE OF VARIETIES. 261

VARIETY, HABIT
OF GROWTH, AND CLASS.

DESCRIPTION.

419. Gloire de Ducher,
vig. H.R.

Gloire de Paris. H.

R.

420. * Gloire de Margot-
tin, vig. H.R.

ucher, 1865. Crimson-purple, large,very
full, subject to mildew. If the color were
permanent, this would be a good kind.

A deceit. Sent out as a new sort ; it is
but A nne de Diesbach.

Margottin, 1887. Brilliant scarlet ; large,
semi-double, globular, of good shape,
elongated bud ; fragrant ; vigorous and
free flowering. Probably the brightest
rose yet raised.

'esnier, 1889. Large, full, salmon-rose,
tinted with canary gold ; fragrant ana
a free bloomer.

422. * Gloire des Polyan- Guillot, 1887. Bright rose with white cen-
tre ; full,

421. * Gloire des Cuivres, T
vig. T.

tha, dwf. Pol.

423. Gloire des Roso-
manes, free. B.

424. Gloire de Santenay,
free or mod. H.R.

425. Gloire de Vitry,
free. H.R.

426. Glory of Cheshunt,
vig. H.R.

427. Glory of Mosses,
mod. M.

428. Glory of Waltham.
H.Cl.

429. * Gold of Ophir.

430. * Golden Gate, vig.

431. Goubault, free or
mod. 7*.

432. * Grace Darling, vig.

433. Gracilis, free. (Pro-
lific.) M.

434. Great Western, free
H.Ch.

nicely formed. Abundant
bloomer.
Vibert. Brilliant crimson, semi-double.

Ducher, 1859. Raised from General
Jacqueminot. Crimson tinged with
violet ; out of date.

Masson, 1855. Raised from La Reine.
Bright rose.

r. Paul, 1880. Raised from Charles Le-
febvre. Rich crimson, double, very
effective.

Vibert, 1852. Pale rose, very large, full,
flat form ; not attractive in the bud ;
the foliage is very large.

Vigneron, 1865. (Sent out by W. Paul.)
Crimson, double, fragrant.

See Ophirie.

Dingee & Conard Co., 1891. Large,
double ; bud long and pointed ; creamy-
white, base of petals golden - yellow ;
free bloomer.

Goubault, 1843. Rose, tinged with sal-
mon ; resembles Bon Silent, but in-
ferior to it.

Bennett, 1884. Large and full, creamy-
white, tinted with peach ; free flower-
ing ; distinct.

Deep pink buds, surrounded with delicate
fringe like moss. The most beautiful
of all the moss roses.

Laffay. Red, shaded with crimson,
double, fragrant ; poor.

262

THE ROSE.

VARIETY, HABIT
OF GROWTH, AND CLASS.

DESCRIPTION.

435. GreVille, vig. (Sev-
en Sisters.) Mult.

436. Guillaume Gille-
mont. H.R.

437. * Gustave Piganeau,
vig. H.R.

438. Gustave Thierry.
H.R.

430. Harrison Weir, free
or mod. H.R.

440. Harrison's Yellow,
free. A .

441. Helen Paul. H.R.

442. Helvetia. T.

443. * Heinrich Schul-
theis, vig. H.R.

444. Henri Lecoq, dwf.

445. Henri Ledechaux,
dwf. H.R.

446. Henri Martin. M.

447. Henry Bennett,
mod. H.R.

448. Hermosa, mod. (A r-
mosa or Setina.) B.

te Jamain,
~.R.

Blush, tinged and striped with various

shades, small or medium size ; a tender

variety of no value.
Schwartz, 1880. Raised from Madame

Charles Wood. Rosy-carmine.
Pernet fils, 1890. Very large, equalling

Paul Neyron in size ; full and cupped ;

brilliant carmine- lake ; buds long.
Oger, 1880. Cherry-red.

Turner, 1879. Raised from Charles Le-
febvre X Xavier Olibo. Velvety-crim-
son, brightened with scarlet.

Harrison, 1830. Golden-yellow, medium
size, semi-<louble ; generally has nine
leaflets, a freer bloomer than Persian
Yellow. This is believed to be a hy-
brid between the common Austrian and
a Scotch rose.

acharme, 1881. Raised from Victor
Verdier X Sombreuil. White, some-
times shaded with pink ; large, globu-
lar flowers.

Ducher, 1873. Pink, tinged with fawn.

Bennett, 1882. From Mabel Morrison
and E. Y. Teas. Large ; good form,
and very full ; color pinkish-rose, sweet-
scented ; free blooming.

Ducher, 1871. Rosy-flesh, small, beauti-
ful buds ; delicate habit.

Ledechaux, 1868. Belongs to Victor
Verdier type. Carmine-rose.

Portemer, 1862. Red, not valuable.

Lacharme, 1875. Raised from Charles
Lefebvre. Crimson, medium size,
mildews, and burns badly ; shy in au-
tumn, and of no value.

Marcheseau, 1840. Bright rose, medium
or small size, double ; constantly in
flower, bushy habit.

Lacharme, 1874. Belongs to Victor Ver-
dier type. Carmine-red, well built
flowers ; the foliage when young has
a deeper shade of red than is seen in
any other sort, and is also the hand-
somest. We find this the hardiest of
the type.

CATALOGUE OF VARIETIES.

263

VARIETY, HABIT
OF GROWTH, AND CLASS.

DESCRIPTION.

450. Homer, vig. T.

451. Hon. George Ban-
croft, dwf. or mod,
H.T.

452. Horace Vernet, dwf .
or mod. H.R .

453. Hortensia, free. 7",

454. * Hugh, mod. T,

455. Hymenee, mod. T.

456. Ida, mod. T.

457. Impe'ratrice Euge
nie, free. Beng.

458. Innocente Pirola
mod. T.

459. Isabella (Bella)
mod, or free. T.

460. Isabella Gray, free

461. Isabella Sprunt
free. T.

Moreau-Robert, 1859. Salmon-rose, often
richly mottled ; a free bloomer, moder-
ately hardy, best in the open air ; the
buds are very beautiful, even though
of variable shades. Certainly one of
the most useful tea roses.
Jennett, 1879. From Madame de St.
Joseph X Lord Macaulay. Red,
shaded with violet-crimson, large, full
flowers, and good, pointed buds ; often
comes malformed ; highly scented, a
combination of the perfumes found in
the parent varieties ; the wood is nearly
smooth, the foliage is large, dark, and
handsome. The color is not deep
enough, and is too sullied to make this
of value for winter-forcing,
iuillot fils, 1866. Crimson, illumined
with scarlet, large, double ; of beauti-
ful wavy outline ; nearly smooth wood,
of delicate constitution. Few roses
have such lovely form as this.
Ducher. 1871. Rose color, back of petals
a washed-out pink ; a coarse, poor sort.
Moore, 1892. See Bridesmaid.
Laffay. Pale sulphur-yellow, large, full.
Madame Ducher, 1875. Pale yellow,

double.

Beluze, 1855. Silvery-rose, medium size,
full, fragrant; a good variety, and would
be very useful had we not La France.
Subject to mildew ; shows Bourbon
character.

Madame Ducher, 1878. Clouded white,
medium size, full, well-formed buds.
In the style of Niphetos, but is inferior
to it in all respects save mere vigor of
growth.

Cels, 1838. Creamy-white ; once a popu-
lar sort.

Andrew Gray, 1854. Raised from Cloth
of Gold. Golden-yellow ; has the good
and bad qualities of the parent.
Rev. James M. Sprunt, D.D., 1865.
(Sent out by Isaac Buchanan.) A sport
from Safrano. Sulphur -yellow, very
beautiful in the bud. Well known as
one of the most useful kinds.

264

THE ROSE.

VARIETY, HABIT
OF GROWTH, AND CLASS.

DESCRIPTION.

462. Jacques Lafitte.
free. H.R.

463. James Sprunt, vig
Beng.

464. James Veitch, dwf.
P.M.

Jaune Desprez. N.

465. * Jaune Nabonnand,
vig. T.

466. Jaune d'Or, dwf.
T.

467. * J. B. Varonne,
vig. T.

3. Jean Bodin, free.

Jrf.

[can Brosse, mod.
f.R.

470. Jean Cherpin, free.
H.R.

471. Jean Dalmais, mod.
H.R.

472. Jean Ducher, free
or mod. T.

473. Jean Goujon, vig.
If. Ch-.

474. Jean Hardy. N.

475. Jean Lambert, vig.

Vibert, 1846. Rosy-crimson.

Rev. James Sprunt, 1858. (Sent out by
P. Henderson.) A climbing sport from
Agrippina. Crimson, the same color
as the parent sort, but the flowers are
fuller and larger. It is not so free
flowering as Agrippina, but a desirable
rose.

E. Verdier, 1865. Violet-crimson, a sul-
lied color, medium or large size, poor
shape ; blooms freely, very subject to
mildew.

See Desprez.

Nabonnandj 1890. Large, full; chrome-
yellow, with coppery-rose centre ; free
bloomer and very fragrant.

Oger, 1864. Coppery - yellow, medium
size, full, very delicate habit. One of
the sweetest in the class,
uillot fils, 1890. Flowers large, full,
varying from deep rose to bright car-
mine; base of petals coppery- yellow,
very sweet ; buds long, finely shaped ;
growth vigorous ; handsome foliage and
free blooming.

Vibert, 1847. Light rose, quartered
shape, fragrant, not mossy.

Ducher, 1867. Rose color, medium size,
cup form.

Liabaud, 1865. Plum color, double, often
semi-double, inclined to burn ; fragrant
and a fine seed parent. One of the
richest shades of color yet produced.

Ducher, 1873. Rose, tinged with violet,
globular, fragrant.

Madame Ducher, 1874. Bronzed - rose,
large, very full globular form ; not to
be depended on, but very beautiful
when well grown.

Margottin, 1862. Red, large or very
large, full, nearly smooth wood ; of sec-
ond quality.

Hardy, 1859. Golden -yellow, medium
size, full ; an inferior Isabella Gray.

E. Verdier, 1866. Deep red, very large,
full, flat form.

CATALOGUE OF VARIETIES.

265

VARIETY, HABIT
OF GROWTH, AND CLASS.

DESCRIPTION.

476. Jean Liabaud, free.
H.R.

477. Jean Lorthois, free
or vig. T.

478. Jean Monford, vig.
Aft

479. Jean Fernet, free.

480. Jean Sisley, mod.
H. T.

481. Jean Soupert, mod.
or free. H.R.

482. * Jeanne C u v i e r,
vig. T.

483. Jeanne d'Arc, vig,

484. * Jeannie Dickson
vig. H.R.

48S-

Joasine H
H.R.

anet, vig

486. John Bright, mod
H.R.

Liabaud, 1875. A seedling from Baron
de Bonstetten. Crimson -maroon, illu-
mined with scarlet, large, fu41, fragrant;
a lovely rose, but shy in the autumn.

Madame Ducher, 1875. Rose, reverse of
the petals silvery-pink.

Robert, 1852. Rose color, quite pretty in
bud, subject to mildew, not free.

Fernet, 1867. Light yellow, suffused
with salmon, beautiful buds ; a fine tea,
but is now surpassed by Perle des
Jar dins.

Bennett, 1879. Raised from President X
Em Hie Ha usbu rgh . Lilac-rose , large ,
very full, without fragrance ; very sub-
ject to mildew. The color is bad, and
the buds rarely open well ; it is entirely
worthless.

Lacharme, 1875. Crimson-maroon, in the
way of Jean Liabaud; dark green fo-
liage, with many thorns; not free in
the autumn.

Nabonnand, 1888. Long, pointed bud ;
rich deep pink ; said to force well ;
promising.

V. Verdier, 1848. White, an inferior La-
mar a ue.

A. Dickson & Sons, 1890. One of Dick-
son's new Pedigree Seedling Roses, and
described as follows: Color rosy-pink,
entire margin of petals edged with sil-
very-pink, base of petals having a pale
yellow zone. The flowers are large,
full, with a very high centre which
stands up prominently. Petalsof great
substance, large and smooth. The
growth is vigorous. In this variety we
add to the Hybrid Perpetual section
quite a new shade of color.

Belongs to the old Portland group. Deep
rose, tinged with violet, medium size,
full, quartered shape ; fragrant, very
hardy, a profuse bloomer. The color
and form are bad, and destroy its use-
fulness.

G. Paul, 1878. Bright crimson, medium
size.

266

THE ROSE.

VARIETY, HABIT
OF GROWTH, AND CLASS.

DESCRIPTION.

487. John Cranston. M.

488. John Hopper, free.
H.R.

489. John Keynes, free.
H.R.

490. John Saul, free. H.

491. John Stuart Mill,
free. H.R.

492. Joseph Bernacchi,
vig. N.

493. Jules Chretien,mod.
H.R.

494. Jules^Chr^tien, free.
H.R.

495- Jules Finger, free.

496. Jules Jurgensen. B.

497. Jules Margottin,
free. H.R.

498. Julie Mansais, mod

499. Julie Touvais, mod,
H.R.

500. Julius Finger, mod,
H.T.

501. King of the Prai-
ries, vig. P.

502. King's Acre. H.R,

503. * Kronprinces- Spoeth
sin Victoria, vig. B

E. Verdier, 1862. Violet-red, medium size.

Ward, 1862. From Jules Margottin X
Madame Vidot. Bright rose with car-
mine centre, large and full, semi-globu-
lar ; light red thorns, stout bushy
growth. A free blooming, standard
sort.

E. Verdier, 1865. Red shaded with ma-
roon.

Madame Ducher, 1878. Raised from
Antoine Ducher. Red, back of the
petals carmine, semi-globular.

Turner, 1874. Raised from Beauty of
Waltham. Rosy-crimson, large, full,
or double ; does not bloom until late ;
shy in the autumn.

Madame Ducher, 1878. Yellowish-white,
pale yellow at centre.

Schwartz, 1878. Belongs to the Prince
Camille type. Crimson, tinged with
purple.

Damaizin, 1870. Bright rose ; not valu-
able.

Madame Ducher, 1879. From Catherine
Mermet X Ma da me de Tart as.
Bronzed-rose ; a promising sort.

Schwartz, 1879. Magenta-rose.

Margottin,x853. Probably from La Reine.
Carmine -rose, large, full, somewhat
flat, slight fragrance ; five to seven
leaflets, foliage light green, and some-
what crimpled ; wood armed with dark
red thorns ; free flowefring and hardy.

Creamy-white, sweet scented, beautiful ;
delicate in habit.

Touvais, 1868. Satiny- pink, very large,
full ; fine, but unreliable.

Lacharme, 1879. From Victor Verdier
X Sombreuil. Salmon -pink, in the
style of Captain Christy ; a promising
sort.

Feast, 1843. Pale rose.

Cranston, 1864. Vermilion,
poeth, 1887. A sport from Souvenir
de la Malmaison ; flowers milk-white,
tinted with sulphur-yellow.

CATALOGUE OF VARIETIES.

267

VARIETY, HABIT
OF GROWTH, AND CLASS.

DESCRIPTION.

504. La Brillante, mod
H.R.

505. La Fontaine, free
H.Ch.

506. La France, mod
H.T.

507. * La France of '8q
vig. H.T.

508. La Grandeur, free
or vig. T.

509. La Jonquille, mod.

510. La Lune, mod. T.

511. La Motte Sanguin,
mod. H.R.

512. La Nuancee, mod.
T.

513. La Princesse Vera,
free. T.

514. La Reine, free or
vig. H.R.

515. La Rosiere, free.
H.R.

516. La Saumon6e, vig.
H.Cl.

V. Verdier, 1862. Bright crimson, a clear
shade, large, double, fragrant ; a free
bloomer.

uinoiseau, 1855. Red, tinged with vio-
let.

Guillot fils, 1867. From seed of a Tea
rose. Silvery-rose, changing to pink,
very large, full, globular ; a most con-
stant bloomer, and the sweetest of all
roses. If the buds remain firm, by
pressing gently the point and blowing
into the centre, the flowers will almost
invariably expand. An invaluable sort.

Moreau-Robert, 1889. Flowers very large ;
brilliant red, buds long. Very free
flowering.

Nabonnand, 1877. Violet- rose, very
large, full.

Ducher, 1871. Raised from Lamarque.
Jonquil-yellow, semi-double, sometimes
single ; medium or small size.

SJabonnand, 1878. Creamy -yellow,
deeper colored in centre, medium size,
large petals, semi-double.

Vigneron, 1869. Carmine-red, large or
very large.

uillot fils, 1875. Blush, tinged with
fawn, medium size, full.

Nabonnand, 1878. Flesh, bordered with
coppery -rose, full, well formed ; a dis-
tinct, good sort.

Laffay, 1839. Glossy -rose, large, full,
semi-globular form, somewnRt fragrant ;
the foliage slightly crimpled, five to
seven leaflets. A very hardy, useful
rose? though no longer " the queen."

Damaizin, 1874. Belongs to the Prince
Camille type. Crimson ; the flowers
are identical in color and form with
Prince Camille, but seem a little fuller,
and are more freely produced; the habit
of growth? too, seems somewhat
stronger ; it may usurp the place of its
rival.

tfargottin, 1877. Belongs to the Jules
Margottin type. Salmon-rose, medium
size; non-autumnal.

268

THE ROSE.

VARIETY, HABIT
OF GROWTH, AND CLASS.

DESCRIPTION.

517. La Souveraine, vig.
H.R.

518. La Sylphide, free.

519. La Tulipe, mod. T.

520. La Ville de Brux-
elles, free. Dam.

521. * Lady Arthur Hill,
vig. H.R.

522. * Lady Castlereagh,
vig. T.

523. Lady Emily Peel,
mod. or free. H.N.

524. Lady Ford wick,
free. H.Ch.

525. * Lady Helen Stew-
art, vig. H.R.

526. Lady Sheffield. H.
R.

527. Lady Stuart, free.
H.Ch.

528. Lady Warrender.
Beng.

529. Laelia. H.R.

530. Lamarque, vig. N.

531. Lamarque a fleurs
jaunes, free. N.

532. Laneii. M.

533. L'Ebloui ssante ,
mod. H.R.

E. Verdier, 1874. Rose color, large
flowers, semi-double or double, cupped
form ; inferior.

Laffay. Blush, with fawn centre, very
large, double.

Ducher, 1870. Creamy-white, tinted with
carmine, semi-double.

Vibert, 1836. Rose color, large, full, flat;
branching habit.

A. Dickson & Sons, 1890. Large, full,
symmetrical; lilac -rose; distinct and
fine. An abundant bloomer.

A. Dickson & Sons, 1888. Large and full,
soft rosy- yellow with rose color pre-
dominating on the margins of the pet-
als ; robust branching habit ; foliage
handsome.

Lacharme, 1862. From Blanche Lafitte
X Sappho. White, tinged with blush.

Laffay, 1838. Deep rose, cup-shaped.

A. Dickson & Sons, 1887. Bright crimson-
scarlet; large, full, and of perfect form,
produced on long, stiff stems, highly
perfumed ; distinct and fine.

W. Paul & Son, i«8i. Cherry-red.

Portemer, 1852. Pink, changing to blush;

five to seven leaflets.
See Clara Sylvain.

Crozy, 1857. See Louise Peyronny.

Marechal, 1830. White, with sulphur
centre, sometimes pure white, very
large, full, somewhat fragrant, gener-
ally seven leaflets. A superb climbing
rose, quite too much neglected.

Ducher, 1871. Pale yellow, medium size,
in the style of the former sort, but in-
ferior in all respects.

Laffay, 1854. (Sent out by Lane & Son.)
Red, good foliage, with five leaflets;
not subject to mildew. Propagates
with great difficulty from cuttings.

Touvais, 1861. Rosy-crimson, very large,
double.

CATALOGUE OF VARIETIES.

269

VARIETY, HABIT
OF GROWTH, AND CLASS.

DESCRIPTION.

534. L'Esperance, free.
H.R.

535. L' Enfant du Mont-
Carmel, vig. H,R.

536. Le Havre, mod. H.
R.

537. Le Mont Blanc,
mod. T.

538. Le Nankin, mod. or
dwf. T.

539. Le Pactole, dwf.
mod. T.

540. Le Rh6ne, free
mod. H.R.

541. Leda. (PaintedDa-
mask.) Dam.

542. Leon Renault, free
or vig. H.R.

543. Leopold Hau
burgh, free. H.R.

544. Leopold Premier,
free. H.R.

Fontaine, 1871. Cherry- red, large, full,
flat form, fragrant.

Cherpin, 1851. (Sent out by Ducher.)
Violet-rose, a muddy shade, large, full,
flat form, fragrant, red spines ; inclined
to mildew.

Eude, 1871. Vermilion, beautifully
formed.

Ducher, 1869. Pale lemon-yellow, growing
lighter as the flowers expand ; good in
the bud.

Ducher, 1871. Pale yellow, shaded cop-
pery-yellow, pretty in the bud state;
rather delicate habit.

or Madame Pean. From Lamarque X
Yellow Tea. Very pale yellow, beauti-
ful buds.

or Guillot fils, 1862. Raised fiom General
Jacqueminot. Vermilion, tinged with
crimson, large, well formed.

Blush, edged with lake.

545. Letty Coles, free.

546. Leveson Gower,
mod. B.

547. Lion des Combats,
free or mod. H.R.

548. Little Gem, dwf.
M.

549. * Little Pet, vig.
Pol.

550. Lord Beaconsfield
H.R.

551. Lord Clyde, mod.
H.R.

Madame Ledechaux, 1878. Cherry-red,

very large, full ; promises well.
s- Granger, 1863. Belongs to Jacqueminot
type. Deep violet-red, a bad color.

Vanassche, 1863. Belongs to Jacquemi-
not type. Deep red, shaded crimson,
thorns not very numerous ; a good sort
but not free in the autumn.

Keynes, 1876. A sport from Madame
Willermoz. White, with pink centre.

Beluze, 1846. Deep rose, tinged with
salmon, the flowers are of the same
character as Malmaison; mildews
very badly.

Lattay, 1851. Violet-rose, double, subject
to mildew ; worthless.

W. Paul, 1880. Crimson, very small, full;
a miniature sort.

Small white flowers ; very free flowering.

Schwartz, 1878. (Sent out by Bennett.)
Crimson, large, well formed ; fades
badly.

G. Paul, 1863. Rosy-crimson, large,
double; subject to mildew.

270

THE ROSE.

VARIETY, HABIT
OF GROWTH, AND CLASS.

DESCRIPTION.

552. Lord Macau lay
free or mod. If.R.

553. Lord Palmerston
free. H.R.

554. Lord Raglan, mod
H.R.

555. Louis XIV., dwf
H.R.

556. Louis Barlet, free,
T.

557. Louis Chaix, dwf,
H.R.

558. Louis Dore, mod. o
free. H.R.

559. Louis Philippe,mod
Beng.

560. Louis Richard, free

561. Louis Van Houtte
free. H.R.

562. Louis Van Houtte
dwf. or mod. H.R.

563. Louis d'Arzens,
mod. or free. H.N.

564. Louise de Savoie,
mod. T.

565. Louise Odier, vig.
B.

566. Louise Peyronny,
mod. (Ltelia.) H.R.

1863. (Sent out by W. Paul.) Fiery
crimson, much the color seen in Charles
Lefebvre, large, double, well formed,
fragrant ; this is still a good rose.

Margottin, 18^58. Carmine -red, tinged
with vermilion, double, well formed ;
bushy habit, light green wood and foli-
age, a few light -colored spines. A
good garden rose.

Guillot pere, 1854. Raised from Giant
of Battles. B u r g u n d y -crimson, a
lovely shade ; tender and shy in au-
tumn.

Guillot fils, 1859. Raised from General
Jacqueminot. Rich crimson, double ;
a beautiful shade.

Madame Ducher, 1875. Pale yellow,
tinged with fawn.

Lacharme, 1857. Raised from Giant of

Battles. Crimson.

r Fontaine, 1878. Red, large, full ; little
or no fragrance, bushy growth ; free in
autumn.

Crimson ; an inferior Agrippina.

Madame Ducher, 1877. Coppery -rose,
the centre sometimes deep red ; coarse
and poor.

Granger, 1863. Red, tinged with crimson,
reddish thorns ; not of first quality.

Lacharme, 1869. Said to be from Charles
Lefebvre. Crimson -maroon, medium
size, sometimes large, full, semi-globu-
lar form; large foliage, fewer thorns
than most other dark roses, highly per-
fumed. This is a tender sort, but it is
very free blooming, and decidedly the
finest crimson yet sent out.

Lacharme, 1861. White, tinged with
blush ; superseded by Coquette des
Blanches.

Ducher, 1855. Pa^6 yellow, beautiful
buds ; much like Le Pactole.

Margottin, 1851. Bright rose, medium
size, full, well formed, hardy.

Lacharme, 1851. Raised from La Reine.
Silvery-rose.

CATALOGUE OF VARIETIES.

271

VARIETY, HABIT
OF GROWTH, AND CLASS.

DESCRIPTION.

567. * Luciole, vig. T.

568. Lyonnaise, mod
H.R.

569. MaCapucine, dwf

570. Mabel Morrison
mod. H.R.

571. * Madame Baron
Veillard, vig. B.

572. Mme. Adelaide Sch
Cote. H.R.

573. Mme. Alboni, dwf.

574. Mme. Alexandre
Bernaix, mod. H.T.

575. Mme. Alfred Car-
riere. free or vig.
H.N.

576. Mme. Alfred de
Rougcmont, mod.
H.N.

577. Mme. Alice Bureau,
free. H.R.

Guillot, 1886. Carmine-rose, tinted with
saffron-yellow ; base of petals coppery-
yellow ; large, long, well-shaped bud,
very fragrant.

Lacharme, 1871. Belongs to the Victor
Verdier type. Pink, with deeper cen-
tre, fades quickly ; a coarse inferior
sort.

Levet, 1871. Raised from the Noisette
Ophirie. Nasturtium -yellow, beauti-
ful buds ; a very distinct rose, which,
from its delicate habit, is useless for
ordinary cultivators to attempt grow-
ing.

Broughton, 1878. (Sent out by Bennett.)
A sport from Baroness Rothschild.
Flesh -white, changing to pure white,
in the autumn it is sometimes tinged
with pink ; semi-double, cup-shaped
flowers. In all, save substance of petal
and color, this variety is identical with
the parent; though not so full as we
should like, it is yet a very useful gar-
den rose, and occasionally it is good
enough for exhibition.

Vigneron, 1889. Flowers large, full and
cupped ; lilac-rose ; fragrant.

^chmitt, 1881. " Reddish-crimson, in the
style of Cardinal Patrizzi."

V. Verdier, 1850. Pink, very large, very
full, flat ; much like Glory of Mosses,
and like that kind, too full to be pretty
in the bud state.

Guillot fils, 1877. Salmon -rose, petals
sometimes edged with blush ; has true
Tea odor, though not strong. A prom-
ising variety.

Schwartz, 1879. White, not free bloom-
ing, undesirable.

Lacharme, 1862. Raised from Blanche
Lafitte X Sappho. White, tinged with
pink ; surpassed by Coquette des Blan-
ches.

Vigneron, 1868. Belon-s to La Reine
type. Rose color; much like the pa-
rent, but more shy in the autumn.

272

THE ROSE.

VARIETY, HABIT
OF GROWTH, AND CLASS.

DESCRIPTION.

578. Mme. Alphonse La-
vallee, mod. H.R.

579. Mme. Amadieu. T.

580. Mme. Amelia Bal-
tet. H.R.

581. * Mme. A. Nabon
nand, vig. T.

582. * Mme. Andre Du
ron, vig. H.T.

583. Mme. Andre Leroy
vig. H.R.

584. Mme. Angele Jac-
quier, free or mod

585. Mme. Anna de Bes-
obrasoff, mod. H.R.

586. Mme. Anna de Bes-
obrasoff, free. H.R.

587. Mme. Auguste Per-
rin, mod. H.N.

588. Mme. Az£lie Im-
bert, free. T.

589. Mme. Barillet Des-
champs. T.

590. Mme. Barthelemy
Level. T.

591. Mme. Bellenden
Ker, mod. H.N.

592. Mme. Berard, vig.
Cl.T.

593. Mme. Bernard,mod.

594. Mme. Bernutz, free.
H.R.

595. Mme. Boll, vig. H.
R.

E. Verdier, 1878. Carmine -red, in the
style of Alfred Colomb ; a promising
variety.

Fernet, 1880. Bright rose, double, large.

V. Verdier, 1878. Satiny - rose, well
formed.

Flowers pale flesh color ; bud large and
long ; free flowering, distinct.

Bonnaire, 1887. Flowers large, bright
red, produced in great abundance.

Trouillard, 1865. Salmon - rose, large,
double.

Guillot fils, 1879. Bright rose, base of
petals coppery-yellow ; a good deal the
build of Catherine Mermet. I am well
pleased with the appearance of this kind.

Nabonnand, 1877. Flesh color, the cen-
tre shaded with rose, medium size.

Gonod, 1877. Raised from Charles Le-
febvre. Deep red, shaded with purple.

Schwartz, 1878. Mottled pink, small or
medium size, well formed ; a new color
in this class. We are most favorably
impressed with it.

Levet, 1870. Raised from Mme. Falcot.
Pale yellow.

Bernede, 1855. White, centre creamy-
yellow.

Level, 1879. Canary - yellow, medium
size.

Guillot pere, 1866. Belongs to Eliza
Boelletyvt. White, centre blush ; very
beautiful.

Levet, 1870. Raised from Gloire de Dijon.
Very similar to ihe parenl; the flowers
are somewhal less full, of a fresher
shade, and are better in the bud state.

Levet, 1875. Raised from Mme. Falcot.
Coppery-yellow, medium sized, distinct.

Jamain, 1874. Satiny -rose, very large,
full.

Daniel Boll, 1859. (Sent out by Boyeau.)
Belongs to Baronne Prevost type.
Carmine- rose ; a very effective garden
sort; very stout shoots, five leaflets
only, there are seven in Boieldieu, a
kindred variely.

CATALOGUE OF VARIETIES. 273

VARIETY, HABIT
OF GROWTH, AND CLASS.

DESCRIPTION.

596. Mme Boutin, mod.
H.R.

597. Mme. Bouton, dwf.

M .

598. Mme. Bravy, mod.
or free. (Alba Ro-
sea. Mme. Sertot.}
T.

599. Mme. Bremond,
dwf. T.

600. Mme. Bruel, mod.
H.R.

601. Mme. Bureau, mod.
Beng.

602. Mme. Caillat, free.
H.R.

603. Mme. Camille, vig.

604. Mme. Caradori Al-
lan, vig. P.

605. Mme. Caro. T.

606. Mme. Caroline Kus-
ter, free. N.

607. * Mme. Caroline
Testout, vig. H.T.

608. Celina Noirey, vig.

609. Mme. Charles, free.

610. Mme. Charles Crap-
elet, vig. H.R.

611. Mme. Charles Ver-
dier, free or vig. H.
R.

612. Mme. Charles
Wood, dwf. H.R.

18

Jamain, 1861. Red, large, full ; a good
garden rose.

Deep rose, mildews badly ; rasembles
Oscar JLe Clerc.

uillot, of Pont Ch&in, 1848. (Sent out
by Guillot of Lyons.) Creamy-white,
large, full, of very symmetrical form and
great fragrance ; one of the most beau-
tiful and useful in the class,
uillot fils, 1866. Violet-red.

Levet, 1881. Raised from Countess of

Oxford. Carmine-rose.
White, tinged with blush.

E. Verdier, 1861. Cherry-rc.se.

uillot fils, 1871. Mushroom color, large,
coarse flowers ; not worthy of cultiva-
tion.
Feast, 1843. Bright pink, semi-double.

Levet, 1880. Salmon-yellow, medium size.

Fernet, 1873. Pale yellow, often mottled
with rose ; a free blooming, excellent
shrub rose, one of the best bedding
kinds.

Pernet, Ducher, 1890. Flowers large, very
double ; silvery-rose ; free bloomer.

Guillot fils, 1868. Salmon, the outer pet-
als washed-out pink, very large, very
full ; a coarse flower, of dirty shade.

Damaizin, 1864. Raised from Safrano.
Apricot color ; in the way of Mme.
Falcot.

Fontaine, 1859. Cherry-red, medium of
large size, fragrant and good ; wood
armed with numerous thorns.

Lacharme, 1864. Belongs to the Baronne
Provost type. Rosy-vermilion, very
large, a free bloomer.

E. Verdier, 1861. Reddish-crimson, large,
or very large, nearly full ; one of the
freest flowering kinds, but not of first
quality. Occasionally, as with General
Washington, some first-rate blooms are
produced.

274

THE ROSE.

VARIETY, HABIT
OF GROWTH, AND CLASS.

DESCRIPTION.

613. Mme. Chate, mod.
H.R.

614. Mme. Chedane
Guinoiseau, free. T.

615. Mme. Chirard. H.
R.

616. Mme. Cle'mence
Joigneaux,vig. H.R.

617. Mme. Clert, mod.
H.R.

618. Mme. Crosy, free or
vig. H.R.

619. Mme. Cusin. T,

620. Mme. Damaizin,
free or vig. T.

621. Mme. de Laboulaye,
modordwf. H.R.

622. Mme. de Ridder,
free or vig. H.R.

623. Mme. de St. Joseph,
mod. T.

624. Mme. de St. Ful-
gent, free. H.R.

625. Mme. de Tartas,
mod. T.

626. Mme. de Vatry
free. T.

627. * Mme. de Watte
ville, vig. T.

628. Mme. Desir6 Gir
aud, vig. H.R.

Fontaine, 1871. Cherry-red.

Leveque, 1880. Canary-yellow, thought.
to be a valuable variety for the buds ;
probably in the style of Isabella Sprunt.

Pernet, 1867. Rose, tinged with vermil-
ion, full, peculiar rich scent ; bushy
habit, shy in autumn, many malformed
flowers.

Liabaud, 1861. Rose, tinged with lilac,
double, large flowers.

Gonod, 1868. Salmon-rose.

Level, 1881. Raised from Souvenir de la
Reine d'A ngleterre. Rose color, very
large.

Guillot fils, 1881. Violet -rose, tinged
with yellow.

Damaizin, 1858. Creamy-white, shaded
salmon, very large, double ; not well
formed.

Liabaud, 1877. Rosy -pink, somewhat
fragiant, bushy habit, long, rather
small foliage, wood thickly covered
with dark brown thorns ; not very
promising.

Margottin, 1871. Red, shaded with vio-
let-crimson, large, full, fine globular
form ; green wood and thorns. A dis-
tinct sort? fragrant and beautiful, but
fades easily.

Fawn, shaded salmon, large, full, highly
scented ; not well formed.

Gautreau, 1871. Raised from Catherine
Guillot. Rosy-vermilion tinged with
lilac, large, globular ; well formed.

Bernede. Rose color, double.

Red, shaded with salmon, of good form,
both in bud and flower, and well
scented ; a very choice old sort.

Guillot fils, 1884. Salmon -white, each
petal bordered with bright rose like a
tulip ; buds long, fragrant.

Madame Giraud, 1853. (Sent out by
Van Houtte.) A sport from Daronne
Prevost. Blush - white, striped with
deep rose.

CATALOGUE OF VARIETIES.

275

VARIETY, HABIT
OF GROWTH, AND CLASS.

DESCRIPTION.

629. Mme. Devaucoux,
free. T.

630. Mme. Devert.mod.
ordwf. H.R.

631. Mme. Domage.free.
H.R.

632. Mme. Ducher, mod.
H.R.

633. Mme. Ducher, free.

634. Mme. Edward Ory,
mod. P.M.

635. * Mme. Elie Lam-
bert, vig. T.

636. Mme. Elise Stche-
goleff. T.

637. Mme. Emilie Du-
puy, free. T.

638. * Mme. Etienne, vig.

639. Mme. Etienne
Levet, dwf. H.T.

640. Mme. Eugene
Chambeyran, mod.
H.R.

641. Mme. Eugene
Verdier, free or mod.
H.R.

642. Mme. Falcot, mod.

643. Mme. FeYdinand
Jamin, mod. H.R.

644. Mme. Fortunee Bes-
son. H.R.

645. Mme. Francois
Janin, dwf. or mod.

Madame Ducher, 1874. Canary -yellow,
medium size.

Fernet, 1876. Raised from Victor Ver-
dier. Salmon-rose.

Margottin, 1853. Bright rose, large, loose
flowers, very thorny ; not valuable.

Levet, 1879. Silvery-rose, medium size,
double, very good.

Ducher, 1869. Creamy -yellow, medium

1854.

medium size, full ; one of the best in
the class, which is not saying much for
the class.

Elie Lambert, 1890. Large, globular,
well formed ; rich creamy-white, tinted
with yellow and bordered with rosy-
flesh ; promising.

Nabonnand, 1881. Clear rose, flowers
said to be in the style of Niphetos.

Levet, 1870. Salmon, sometimes pale
fawn, large, full ; not attractive.

Bernaix, 1887. Rose colored, of good size
and form, free flowering ; distinct.

Levet, 1878. Cherry-red, sometimes hav-
ing a coppery shade, small size, pretty
in the bud ; slightly scented, agreeable
odor.

Gonod, 1878. Belongs to the Victor Ver-
dier type. Rose -tinged with violet,
sometimes salmon-rose.

E. Verdier, 1878. Belongs to La Reinc
type. Mottled rose, very large, full,
globular ; a promising kind,
uillot fils, 1858. Raised from Safrano.
Deep apricot; resembles the parent,
but is somewhat larger, more double,
of deeper shade, less productive, and of
weaker growth.

Ledechaux, 1875. Deep rose, cupped
form, highly scented.

Besson, 1881. Raised from Jules Mar-
gottin. Carmine-rose.

Levet, 1872. Orange -yellow, small size,
buds of exquisite shape ; very distinct,
both in color and its peculiar frag-
rance.

276

THE ROSE.

VARIETY, HABIT
OF GROWTH, AND CLASS.

DESCRIPTION.

646. Mme. Francois Pit-
let, mod. H.N.

647. Mme. Freeman,
mod. H.N.

648. Mme. F r e m i o n ,
mod. H.R.

649. Mme. Gabriel
Luizet, vig. H.R.

650. Mme. Gaillard,mod.

651. * Mme. G. Bruant,
vig. H.R.

652. Mme. George
Schwartz, mod. H.
R.

653. Mme. Gustave Bon-
net, free. H.N.

654. Mme. Hardy, vig.
Dam.

655. Mme.
Jamam, mod.

656. Mme. Hippolyte
Jamain, free. T.

657. Mme. Hoche, mod.
or dwf. M.

658. * Mme. Hoste, vig.

659. Mme. Hunnebelle,
free. H.R.

660. Mme. Isaac Pereire,
free or vig. B.

Lacharme, 1877. Pure white, small.

Guillot pere, 1862. White, tinged with
pink.

Margottin, 1850. Cherry-red, cup shaped,
fragrant.

Liabaud, 1878. Belongs to the Jules
Margottin type. Pink, somewhat fra-
grant, long foliage ; a promising kind,
worthy of attention.

Ducher, 1870. Salmon -yellow, large,
somewhat coarse.

Bruant, 1888. The first of a new race of
hybrids. In the bud state the flowers
are long and pointed; when open, semi-
double; pure white and fragrant, and
produced freely in clusters at intervals
throughout the summer ; exceptionally
hardy and vigorous ; forms a handsome
bush.

Schwartz, 1871. Belongs to the Victor
Verdier type. Silvery -rose, fades
badly and is coarse.

Lacharme, 1860. From Blanche Lafitte
X Sappho. White, tinged with pink ;
surpassed by others of the class.

Hardy, 1832. White, large, very full,
flat form, very fragrant; sometimes
comes with green centre, but very
beautiful when in perfection. A diffi-
cult sort to grow from cuttings.

>n, 1871. (Sent out by Jamain.)
he, tinged with rose, very large,
full.

Guillot fils, 1869. White, tinged in the
centre with yellow, large, full.

Moreau- Robert, 1859. White, superseded
by White Bath.

Guillot, 1887. Large, finely formed flow-
ers on stout stems ; color varies from
straw-white to canary-yellow ; vigorous
and most abundant bloomer ; forces
well.

Fontaine, 1873. Light rose, large, fra-
grant.

Margottin fils, 1880. Carmine-red, very
large, full, free blooming.

CATALOGUE OF VARIETIES. 277

VARIETY, HABIT
OF GROWTH, AND CLASS.

DESCRIPTION.

661. Mme. Jeanne Jou-
bert, vig. B.

662. Mme. Jolibois, mod.

H.R.

663. Mme. Joly, free.
H.R.

664. * Mme. Joseph
bois, vig. H.R.

665. Mme. Joseph Hal-
phen, mod. T.

666. Mme. Josep
Schwartz, free. T.

Margottin, 1877. Red, medium size, non-
autumnal.

E. Verdier, 1879. Silvery-rose, medium
size, full.

Rose color, medium size, semi-cupped,
fragrant, and well formed ; seems to be
of Bourbon origin.

Des- Guillot, 1886. Flesh-white, shaded with
salmon-rose ; very large, well formed,
very vigorous.

Margottin, 1859. Blush, medium size.

667. Mme. John Twom-
bly, free. H.R.

668. * Mme. Jules Cam-
bon, mod. T.

669. Mme. Jules Grevy.
H.R.

670. Mme. Jules Mar-
gottin, mod. T.

671. Mme. Julie Daran,
free. H.R.

672. Mme. Julie Weid-

i. H. T.

man

673. Mme. Knorr, dwf.
H.R.

Mme. de Rothschild.

674. Mme. Lacharme,
dwf. H.Ch.

675. Mme. Laffay, free.
H.R.

676. Mme. Lambard,
vig. T.

h Schwartz, 1880. From Comtesse de La-
barthe. Blush, the edge of petals
tinged with carmine.

Schwartz, 1881. Vermilion-red, said to
have some resemblance to A If red Co-
lomb.

Bernaix, 1889. Medium size ; flowers
fresh carnation-rose color, margined
with variable shades of carmine.

Schwartz, 1881. From Triomphe de
F Exposition X Madame Falcot. Sal-
mon-pink.

Levet, 1871. Carmine-pink, tinged with
lilac, very fragrant ; inclined to come in
rough form.

Touvais, 1861. Violet -crimson, a fine
color ; shy in the autumn.

Soupert & Netting, 1880. Salmon-rose.

V. Verdier, 1855. Rose color, medium
size, full, flat form, very sweet.

See Baroness Rothschild.

Lacharme, 1872. Claimed to have been
raised from Jules Margottin X Som-
breuil. White, tinged with pink, me-
dium size, full or very full, globular;
does not open well, and is shy in the
autumn. Of bushy growth, and quite
hardy.

Laffay, 1839. Rose color, large, double,
cupped form, red spines ; surpassed by
many others of the same shade.

Lacharme, 1877. Rosy- salmon, deepen-
ing toward the centre, the color is vari-
able, sometimes being a rosy-flesh ; the

278

THE ROSE.

VARIETY, HABIT
OF GROWTH, AND CLASS.

DESCRIPTION.

677. Mme. Landeau,
mod. P.M.

678. Mme. Laurent, vig.
H.R.

679. Mme. Leon de St.
Jean, mod. T.

680. Mme. Levet, vig.
Cl. T.

681. Mme. Lilienthal.
H.R.

682. Mme. Loeben Sels,
mod. H. T.

683. Mme. Louis Car
icques, vig. H.R.

684. Mme. Louis Dona-
dine, dwf. or mod.
H.R.

685. Mme. Louis Henry
vig. N.

686. Mme. Louis Leve-
que, mod. H.R.

687. Mme. Margottin
mod. T.

688. Mme. Marie
Bianchi. H.R.

689. Mme. Marie Cirrod-
de, mod. H.R.

690. Mme. Marie Roe
derer. H.R.

691. Mme. Marie Finger
dwf. H.R.

692. * Mme. Marthe du
Bourg, free. T.

flowers are large, very full, and good.
This variety is not so refined as many
others, but is of excellent habit, free
blooming qualities, and is to be con-
sidered one of our most useful Teas.
VIoreau-Robert, 1873. Red, medium size,
full ; not valuable,
ranger, 1871. Cherry-red.

Levet, 1875. Pale yellow, very fragrant,
poor form.

:vet, 1869. Raised from Gloire de Dijon.
Very much like the parent, but inferior
to it.

Liabaud, 1878. Bright rose, tinged with
salmon.

Soupert & Netting, 1879. Silvery-white,
shaded with rose, large, full, somewhat
flat form.

Fontaine, 1859. Rosy -crimson, double,
free in autumn ; not of first quality.

CJonod, 1877. A sport from Countess of
Oxford. Nearly the shade of Eugenie
Verdier ; poor.

Mme. Ducher, 1879. Pale yellow, fra-
grant ; in the way of Solfaterre.

Leveque, 1873. Belongs to the Jules
Margottin type. Carmine-rose, large,
very full, somewhat flat form, slightly
fragrant ; blooms late in the season, but
is shy in the autumn.

Guillot fils, 1866. Citron -yellow, some-
times with coppery centre, large, full,
many malformed flowers, fine when
perfect.

uillot fils, 1881. Raised from Victor
Verdier X Virginal. Blush, tinged
with lilac, fragrant.

C. Verdier, 1867. Salmon-pink.

Leveque, 1881. Raised from Jules Mar-
gottin. Cherry-red.

Rambaux, 1873. (Sent out by Lacharme.)
Almost identical with Eugenie Verdier.

Fernet, 1889. Large, nearly double,
nicely pointed centre ; creamy-white,
with carmine on the edges ; very pretty.

CATALOGUE OF VARIETIES.

279

VARIETY, HABIT
OF GROWTH, AND CLASS.

DESCRIPTION.

693. Mme. Marthe
d'Halloy. H.R.

694. Mme. Maurice Kup-
penheim, mod. T.

695. Mme. Maurin, free.

696. Mme. Maxime de
la Rocheterie. H.R.

697. Mme. Melanie Wil-
lermoz, free. T.

698. Mme. Miolan Car-
valho, free or vig. N.

699. Mme. Montet. H.R.

700. Mme. Moreau, mod.
H.R.

701. Mme. Moreau, mod.
P.M.

702. Mme. Nachury, vig.
H.R.

703. Mme. Noman, dwf.
(Mademoiselle Bon-
natre.) H.N.

704. Mme. Oswald

Kerchove, dwf. H.
N.

705. Mme. Pauline La-
bonte, free. T.

706. * Mme. Philemon Cochet
Cochet, vig. T.

707. * Mme. Pierre Guil
lot, vig. r.

Leveque, 1881. Raised from Madame
Boutin. Cherry-red.

Vladame Ducher, 1877. Pale yellow,
shaded with apricot.

Guillot pere, 1853. Creamy-white, large ;
not very reliable.

T. Grange, 1880. (Sent out by Vigneron.)
Raised from Victor Verdier. Car-
mine-rose.

Lacharme, 1845. Creamy -white, thick
petals, large, full, little fragrance ; an
excellent sort for out-of-door culture.

Leveque, 1876. Raised from Chroma-
teila. Sulphur-yellow.

Liabaud, 1880. Light pink, large petals.

"onod. Red, shaded with violet.

Moreau-Robert, 1872. Red, large, full.

Damaizin, 1873. Belongs to La Reine
type. Deep rose color, fades easily,
flowers very large, rather loose, fra-
grant.

Guillot pere, 1867. Raised from Madame
Recamier. White, sometimes with
shaded centre, medium size, full, glob-
ular ; foliage somewhat crimpled, wood
armed with quite numerous, small
spines. A rose of exquisite beauty,
de Schwartz, 1879. From a seedling of Mme.
Recamier X Mme. Falcot. White,
tinged with fawn, promises to be an
addition of merit. It has all the charac-
teristics of the Eliza Boelle type.

Pradel, 1852. Salmon-rose, large, full,
and good in the bud ; an excellent
sort.

888. Bright rose, reflexed with
salmon-white, medium size.

Guillot, 1888. A rose partaking of the
characteristics of both Mad. de Watte-
ville and W. A . Richardson in color ;
flowers large, full, finely formed, pale
yellow, tinted with coppery-orange at
centre, becoming paler outward ; edges
of petals rosy-crimson ; a strong grower
and free bloomer.

280

THE ROSE.

VARIETY, HABIT
OF GROWTH, AND CLASS.

DESCRIPTION.

708. Mme. Pierre Oger,
vig. B.

709. * Mme. P. Kuntz,
vig. T.

710. Mme. Plantier, free.
H.C/t.

711. Mme. Prosper Lau-
gier, free. H.R.

712. Mme. Recamier,
dwf. H.N.

713. Mme. Rivers, mod.
H.R.

714. Mme. Rosalie de
Wincop. H.R.

715. * Mme. Schwaller
vig. H.T.

716. * Mme. Scipion
Cochet, vig. T.

717. Mme. Scipion
chet, vig. H.R.

Mme. Sertot. T.

718. Mme. Sophie Fro-
pot, vig. H.R.

719. Mme. Thevenot,
free. H.R.

720. Mme. Trifle, vig.
Cl.T.

721. Mme. Trotter, vig.
H.Ch.

722. Mme. Trudeau,free.
H.R.

Oger, 1878. (Sent out by C. Verdier.) A
sport from Reine Victoria. Blush, the
exterior of petals tinged with rosy-lilac,
cupped form, not a free bloomer.

Bernaix, 1889. Large, full, bright pink
or China rose ; finely formed, and frag-
rant ; free bloomer.

Plantier, 1835. Pure white, above me-
ize, full, flat form, seven leaflets,

dium size,

foliage rather small ; one of the best
white roses for hedges and for massing.
Early in the season the flowers are pro-
duced in great abundance.

E. Verdier, 1875. Red, quartered shape,
not fragrant, numerous red thorns ; of
second quality.

Lacharme, 1853. Blush-white, medium
size, well formed. The origin of this
rose is unknown ; probably it is the re-
sult of a natural cross with some
Noisette on a Bourbon.

Guillot pere, 1850. Blush ; a pretty sort,
but of unhealthy habit and quite ten-
der.

Vigneron, 1881. Raised from General
Jacqueminot. Red, tinged with lilac.

Bernaix, 1886. Pink, large, fine ; blooms
freely and abundantly.

Bernaix, 1887. Rosy- yellow, large and
double, margins of petals wavy, beauti-
ful glossy foliage, free flowering.
Co- Cochet, 1871. Cherry-rose.

See Madame Bravy.

Levet, 1876. Bright rose, nearly smooth

wood ; a shy autumnal and not of first

quality.
Jamain, 1877. Bright red, free blooming.

Levet, 1869. Raised from Gloire de
Dijon. Fawn and yellow; resembles
the parent, but inferior to it in value.

Granger, 1855. Bright red, medium size,
a free bloomer in the spring.

Daniel Boll, 1850. Rose, tinged with
lilac, medium size, well formed, free
flowering, mildews badly.

CATALOGUE OF VARIETIES. 281

VARIETY, HABIT
OF GROWTH, AND CLASS.

DESCRIPTION.

723. Mme. Victor Ver
dier, mod. or free,
ffj.

724. Mme. Vidot, dwf,
H.R.

725. Mme. Welche, mod.

726. Mme. Zcetman,mod.
or free. Dam.

Mademoiselle Annie

Wood. H.R.

727. Mile. Blanche Dur-
schmidt, free. T.

728. Mile. Bonnaire,dwf.
H.N.

729. Mile. Brigitte Vio-
let, mod. H.T.

730. Mile. Cecile Ber-
thod,dwf.ormod. T.

731. Mile. Cecile Briin-
ner, mod. or dwf.
Pol.

732. Mile. Emma Hall
mod. or free. H.Ch

733. Mile. Fernande de
la Forest, mod. H.R.

734. * Mile. Jeanne Guil-
laumez, vig. T.

E. Verdier, 1863. Carmine-crimson, large,
full, fine, globular form, very fragrant ;
a superb rose.

Couturier, 1854. (Sent out by E. Ver-
dier.) Flesh color, full, well formed ;
a beautiful rose of delicate constitu-
tion.

Madame Ducher, 1878. (Sent out by
Bennett.) Raised from Devoniensis X
Souvenir d '«» A mi. Pale yellow, the
centre coppery-yellow, large and full ; a
very distinct Tea.

Delicate flesh, changing to white, large,
very full, flat form, fragrant, five to
seven leaflets ; a splendid white rose.

See Annie Wood.

Guillot fils, 1877. Raised from Madame
Falcot. Flesh color, semi-double,
worthless.

Fernet, 1859. Closely resembles Madame
Noman; it is difficult to see any points
of difference by which one may be dis-
tinguished from the other.

Levet, 1878. Silvery-rose, slightly tinged
with lilac ; not highly scented, but
quite a pleasing sort.

Guillot fils, 1871. Sulphur -yellow, me-
dium size, pretty in the bud.

Madame Ducher, 1880. Salmon -pink,
deeper in the centre, very small, full,
delicately scented ; an exquisite minia-
ture rose for floral work, opera bou-
quets, etc.

Liabaud, 1876. Raised from Souvenir
de la Reine d'Angleterre. Carmine-
rose, medium size, semi-globular form,
fragrant ; there are seven leaflets of
light green color, rather crimpled, the
shoots are armed with small spines of
pale green. An excellent summer rose.

Damaizin, 1872. Belongs to the Victor
Verdier type. Rose color, somewhat
in the way of Lyonnaise ; of no value.

Bernaix, 1889. Large, delicate coppery-
yellow, tinted with flesh, with base of
petals orange-red.

282

THE ROSE.

VARIETY, HABIT
OF GROWTH, AND CLASS.

DESCRIPTION.

735. Mile. Julie Dymo-
nier, dwf. H.R.

736. Mile. Lazarine Poi-
zeau, dwf. or mod.
T.

737. Mile. Marguerite
Dombrain, free. H.
R.

738. Mile. Marie Ar-
mancl, mod. T.

730. Mile. Marie Berton,
vig. CI.T.

740. Mile. Marie Chau-
vet. H.R.

741. Mile. Marie Cointet,
dwf. H.R.

742. Mile. Marie Gonod,
free. H.R.

743. Mile. Marie Rady
free. H.R.

744. Mile. Rachel, dwf.

745. Mile. Therese Lev-
el, mod. H.R.

Gonod, 1879. Belongs to the Victor Vcr-
dier type. Salmon-pink, after the style
of Marie Cointet.

Level, 1876. Orange -yellow, small size,
very pretty in the bud ; closely re-
sembles Madame Francois Janin.

E. Verdier, 1865. Belongs lo La Reine
type. Satiny-rose, a good sort.

Level, 1872. Canary -yellow, beautiful
buds, well scented, delicate constitu-
tion.

Level, 1875. Raised from Gloire de Di-
jon. Pale yellow, somewhat fragrant,
the most free flowering of all the seed-
lings from Gloire de Dijon ; the flower
stems are long and stout, the foliage
large and lustrous. A magnificent yel-
low rose.

Besson, 1881. Raised from Baroness
Rothschild. Deep rose color.

Guillol fils, 1872. Belongs to the Victor
Verdier type. Salmon- pink ; a very
beautiful sort when perfect, but most of
Ihe flowers are malformed, or open
badly.

Gonod, 1871. Rosy-blush.

Fontaine, 1865. Vermilion-red, shaded
with crimson, large or very large, very
full, of splendid globular form, very
fragrant ; it has more vermilion than
Alfred Colomb, making it somewhat
lighter and more dull ; the shoots are
armed with numerous red thorns, ihe
foliage shows considerable lustre. There
is no finer exhibilion son among ihe
red roses, and were ii as conslanl, it
would be quile as valuable as A I/red
Colomb and Marie Baumann, varieties
which bear it considerable resemblance.

Beluze, 1860. White, pointed buds, some-
what in the style of Nifihetos, but not
equal in quality to lhal fine sort.

Level, 1866. Belongs to the Jules Mar-
gottin type. Salmon- rose, medium
size, free blooming.

CATALOGUE OF VARIETIES.

283

VARIETY, HABIT
OF GROWTH, AND CLASS.

DESCRIPTION.

746. Magna Charta, vig,
H . Ch.

747. Manetti Rose, vig,

748. Marcelin Roda,mod.
T.

749. * Marchioness
of Dufferin, vig. H.
R.

750. Marchioness of Ex-
eter, free. H.R.

751. * March i

of Lome, vig. H.R.

752. Marechal F o r e y ,
vig. or free. H.R.

753. Marechal Niel, vig

754. Mare'chal Robert,
free. T.

W. Paul, 1876. Pink, suffused with car-
mine, large or very large, full, globular ;
foliage and wood light green, numerous,
dark spines. A fragrant, excellent va-
riety.

Violet -rose, small size, single, not pro-
ductive ; this variety, since its intro-
duction from Italy, is more used for
a stock on which to bud choice sorts
than any other kind. It has dark,
brownish wood, and always seven leaf-
lets, sometimes nine ; there need be,
therefore, no difficulty in distinguish-
ing it from other kinds.

Ducher, 1872, Yellowish - white, the
centre light yellow ; a fairly good
rose.

A. Dickson & Sons, 1891. " Very large,
beautiful rosy-pink suffused with yellow
at base of petals, which are reflexed."

Laxton, 1877. (Sent out by G. Paul.)
A seedling from Jules Margottin.

Cherry-rose, fragrant
o n e s s W. Paul & Son, 1889. Large, full, cup-

ped ; buds long and handsome, rich and
fulgent rose color, shaded with vivid
carmine, remarkable for its perpetual
habit.

Margottin, 1863. Raised from Triomphe
de f Exposition. Reddish-crimson, shy
in the autumn.

Pradel, 1864. Supposed to be a seedling
from Isabella Gray. Deep yellow,
very large, very full, globular form,
delightfully fragrant, the finest of all
yellow roses ; it is of delicate constitu-
tion, and requires very careful treat-
ment to produce satisfactory results.
It is only adapted for culture under
glass, and even then the inexperienced
would do better not to attempt its cul-
ture, but use in its stead Mile. Marie
Berton, Solfaterre, or,for non-climbers,
Perle desjardins.

Madame Ducher, 1875. White, the cen-
tre shaded with flesh, large or very
large, full ; a fine sort.

284

THE ROSE.

VARIETY, HABIT
OF GROWTH, AND CLASS.

DESCRIPTION.

755. Marechal Vaillant,
free. H.R.

756. * Margaret Dickson,
vig. H.R.

757. Marguerite Bras-
sac. H.R.

758. Marguerite de St.
Amand, free. H.R.

750. Marie Baumann,
mod. H.R.

760. Marie Caroline de
Sartoux. T.

761. Marie de Blois, free.
M.

762. Marie de Bour-
gogne, dwf. P.M.

763. Marie Ducher, free.

764. Marie Guillot, mod.

Viennot, 1861. (Sent out by Jamain.)
Crimson, large, full, well formed, fra-
grant ; a fine rose, which, were it not
for Maurice Bernardin, would be
more useful. It is a valuable kind
for large collections.

A. Dickson & Sons, 1891. " Of magnifi-
cent form ; white, with pale flesh cen-
tre ; petals very large, shell shaped, and
of great substance ; foliage very large,
dark green."

Brassac, 1875. The same as Charles Le-
febvre.

^ansal, 1864. Raised from Jules Mar-
gottin. Bright rose, very beautiful in
the bud state ; will give more fine
blooms in the autumn than any other
of the class, and it is also one of the
best for forcing. It cannot be prop-
agated from cuttings.

Baumann, 1863. Crimson-vermilion, suf-
fused with carmine, large, full, of ex-
quisite color and form, very fragrant :
the wood freely covered with small
light red thorns. This variety is a
little lighter and brighter in color than
Marie Rady, which is a shade lighter
than Alfred Colontb. A rose of the
highest quality and very productive ;
no collection can be complete with it
left out. It should be given a favored
position.

Nabonnand, 1881. Pure white.

Moreau-Robert, 1852. Rose color, double,
not mossy, poor.

Moreau-Robert, 1853. Bright rose, me-
dium size.

Ducher, 1868. Salmon-rose, large, very
full, somewhat flat ; a free blooming
kind, of excellent habit. Not a refined
flower, yet it is a sort worth grow-
ing.

Guillot fils, 1874. White, faintly tinged
with yellow, large, full ; of splendid
form. One of the most beautiful Teas ;
would that it were fragrant !

CATALOGUE OF VARIETIES.

VARIETY, HABIT
OF GROWTH, AND CLASS.

DESCRIPTION.

765. Marie Jaillet, mod
T.

766. Marie Louise Per-
net, mod. H.R,

767. Marie Opoix, mod
T.

768. Marie Sisley, mod.

769. Marie Van Houtte,
free. T.

770. Marie Verdier, free.
H ' .R.

771. * Mar ion Dingee,
vig. T.

ano, free. B.
773. Marquis de Sanima,

mod. T.

774

vens, vig. 71.

775. Marquis of Salis-
bury, mod. H.R.

Murinais, free. H.R,
777. Marquise de Castel-
lane, mod. H.R.

778. Marquise de Lig-
neries, mod. H.R.

Madame Ducher, 1878. Pale rose, deeper
in the centre.

Pernet, 1876 Raised from Baroness
Rothschild. Deep violet -red, cupped
form ; very fragrant.

Schwartz, 1874. Pale yellow, almost
white, not of first quality.

Guillot fils, 1868. Rose, tinged with sal-
mon, sometimes coppery-rose ; a distinct
sort, but not reliable, and at its best is
not specially attractive.

Ducher, 1871. From Madame de Tar-
tasY.Madame Falcot. Pale yellow, the
edges of petals often lined with rose,
well formed ; of good habit, and in
every respect a most charming sort.
The finest of all Teas for out-door cul-
ture.

E. Verdier, 1877. Rose color.

Dingee & Conard Co., 1892. Described

as deep brilliant crimson, one of the
brightest and richest colored Teas ;
flowers large, cup shaped, and borne on
long, straight stems.

772. Marquis de Balbi- Lacharme, 1855. Silvery- rose, medium
size, full.

Mme. Ducher, 1875. Coppery -rose, in

the style of Reine du Portugal^ but
not so good.

Marquise de Vi- Dubreuil, 1885. Bright carmine on the
edges of outside petals, gradually be-
coming straw color at the base ; distinct.
. Paul, 1879. Coppery -rose ; shaded
with crimson, large, globular form, dis-
tinct.

776. Marquise Adele de Schwartz, 1876. Raised from Madame
Laffay. Silvery-rose; an inferior sort.

Pernet, 1869. Supposed to be a seedling
from Jules Margottin. Carmine-rose,
a permanent shade, very large, very
full, not fragrant but effective, does not
bloom until late ; a valuable sort for
exhibition purposes. Does not propa-
gate from cuttings.

ruenoux, 1879. (Sent out by Jamain.)
Rose color, wood nearly smooth.

286

THE ROSE.

VARIETY, HABIT
OF GROWTH, AND CLASS.

DESCRIPTION.

779. Marquise de Morte-
mart, mod. or dwf.
H.R.

780. * Marshall P. Wil-
der, vig. H.R.

781. MaryPochin. H.R.

782. Masterpiece, mod.
or free. H.R.

783. Mathilde Lenaerts.

784. Maurice Bernardin,
vig. or free. H.R.

785. * Maurice L. de Vil-
morin, vig. H.R.

786. * Maurice Rouvier,
vig. T.

787. May Quennell, dwf.
or mod. H.R.

3. May Turner, mod.
H.R.

Liabaud, 1868. Raised from Jules Mar-
gottin. Blush, well formed. A fine
rose of delicate habit.

Ellwanger & Barry, 1884. Raised from
the seed of Gen. Jacqueminot. It is
of vigorous growth, with healthy foli-
age, flowers large, semi-globular, full,
well formed ; color, cherry-carmine,
much like a light-colored Marie Bau-
manny or a shade deeper than Marie
Rady^ and very fragrant. In wood,
foliage, and form of flower, it resem-
bles Alfred Colomb, but the seedling
excels that famous variety in vigor,
hardiness, and freedom of bloom. It
continues to bloom profusely long after
the other Remontants are out of flower.
In brief, it may be described as an im-
proved A If red Colomb.

Rev. E. M. Pochin, 1881. (Sent out by
Cranston.) Lake, shaded with crimson,
medium size.

W. Paul, 1880. Supposed to be a seed-
ling from Beauty of Waltham. Rosy-
crimson.

Levet, 1879. Raised from Gloire de
Dijon. Rose color.

Granger, 1861. Raised from General
Jacqueminot. Bright crimson, large,
moderately full ; a good free flowering
sort, generally coming in clusters ; the
roots are very delicate, and break easily.
In the spring, this is, perhaps, the most
prolific of all crimson sorts.

Leveque, 1891. Large, double, fine
form ; clear bright red, shaded velvety
brown.

Nabonnand, 1890. Large, full, globular
form, delicate rose veined with red ;
fragrant and free blooming.

Postans, 1878. (Sent out by W. Paul &
Son.) Magenta, shaded with crimson,
large flowers, many of them coming
imperfect ; wood rather smooth, foliage
dark.

E. Verdier, 1874. Salmon-rose.

CATALOGUE OF VARIETIES.

287

VARIETY, HABIT
OF GROWTH, AND CLASS.

DESCRIPTION.

789. * Medea, vig. T.

790. Melanie Oger, free

791. Melanie Soupert.
T.

792. Mere de St. Louis,
mod. H.R.

793. * Merveille de Lyon
mod. H.R.

794. * Meteor, vig. H, T.

795. Michael Bonnet,
free. H.R.

796. Michael Saunders,
mod. H. T.

797. Mignonette. Pol.

798. Miller-Hayes, mod.

799. * Miniature, vig.
Pol.

800. * Miss Ethel Brown-
low, vig. T.

801. Miss Glegg, free.

N.

802. Miss Hassard, free.
H.R.

W. Paul& Son, 1891. "Large, very full,
buds inclined to be high centred ; color
lemon, with canary-yellow centre."

Oger, 1851. Yellowish- white, deeper at
centre, medium size.

Nabonnand, 1881. White, large, very
full.

Lacharme, 1852. Raised from La Reine.
Pink, medium size.

Fernet, 1882. Pure white, shaded and
marked with satiny-rose ; flowers very
large, double, and of a beautiful cup
shape. A seedling from Baroness Roth-
schild^ with the same habit, but larger.

Bennett, 1887. Rich dark velvety-crim-
son, retaining its color well ; a constant
bloomer, healthy, with no tendency to
mildew : admirable for forcing.

Guillot pere. 1864. Rose color, in the
way of Madame Joly, but inferior.

Bennett, 1879. From President X Ma-
dame Victor Verdier. Deep bronzed
rose, or rose shaded with coppery-red,
medium size, very full, finely formed,
somewhat fragrant ; on account of their
great fulness the flowers do not open
well under glass, but they are fine in
open air. A very distinct and pleasing
sort ; the best of the set sent out by
Bennett.

uillot fils. 1881. " Delicate rose, chang-
ing to blush, very small, double, flower-
ing in corymbs of thirty or forty
blooms."

E. Verdier, 1873. Reddish-crimson.

Alegatiere, 1884. Rosy-white, changing
to white ; full, sweet ; in clusters.

A. Dickson & Sons, 1887. Bright salmon-
pink, shaded yellow at base of petals ;
free flowering.

Vibert. White, the centre often flesh
color, very small, double ; resembles
A imee Vibert, but is much inferior.

Turner, 1175. Raised from Marguerite
de St. Amand. Pink, large, very full,
sweetly scented.

288

THE ROSE.

VARIETY, HABIT
OF GROWTH, AND CLASS.

DESCRIPTION.

803. Miss Ingram, free
H.Ch.

804. Miss May Paul, vig

805. Miss Tweed, free

806. Modele de Perfec
tion, mod. B.

807. Mogador. H.R.

808. Moire", mod. T.

809. Monsieur Alfred
Leveau. H.R.

8 10. Monsieur Boncenne
free or mod. H.R.

Six. * Monsieur Desir,
vig. T.

812. Monsieur E. Y
Teas, mod. or dwf
H.R.

813. Monsieur Pillion,
mod. H.R.

814. Monsieur Furtado,
free or mod. T.

815. Monsieur Jard, free.
B.

816. Monsieur Journaux,

vg. H.R.
17. Mo

onsieur Jules
Monges. H.R.
818. Monsieur Noman,
dwf. H.R.

Ingram, 1868. (Sent out by Turner.)
Blush-white, well formed ; a fine rose.

Level, 1881. Raised from Gloire de
Dijon. " Lilac-white, reverse of the
petals red."

Pale yellow, semi-double ; it has nine
leaflets, rarely seven ; Persian Yellow
has seven leaflets only ; remembering
this, it is always a simple matter to dis-
tinguish the varieties when out of
flower.

Guillot fils, 1860. Raised from Louise
Odier. Satiny-rose, medium size, well
formed.

Raised from Rose du Roi, and esteemed
as an improvement on that variety. It
is a crimson damask which flowers in
autumn.

Moire, 1844. Fawn and rose.

Vigneron, 1880. Carmine-rose.

Liabaud, 1864. Very deep crimson, dou-
ble, medium size ; a good rose, but
now displaced by Baron de Bonstetten.

Pernet pere, 1888. Large, velvety crim-
son-rose ; free bloomer ; a fine climber.

E. Verdier, 1874. Carmine -crimson,
large, fine, globular form, highly
scented ; a superb rose.

Gonod, 1876. Belongs to the Victor
Verdier type. Carmine -rose, not of
first quality.

Laffay, 1863. Yellow, medium or small
size, well formed, very full ; an exqui-
site sort, of good habit, not nearly so
much grown as it deserves.

°uillot pere, 1857. Red, tinged with
violet.

Marest, 1868. Brilliant red.

Guillot fils, 1881. Carmine-rose, cupped
form.

Guillot pere, 1866. Raised from Jules
Margottin. Rose color, often deli-
cately mottled, beautiful globular form.
Unreliable, but magnificent when in
perfection.

CATALOGUE OF VARIETIES.

289

VARIETY, HABIT
OK GROWTH, AND CLASS.

DESCRIPTION.

819. Monsieur Thouve-
nel. H.R.

820. Monthly Cabbage.
Beng.

821. * Mousseleine, vig.

822. Mrs. Baker, mod.
H.R.

823. Mrs. Bosanquet,
mod. Beng.

824. * Mrs. Degraw. B.

825. Mrs. Elliott, free
H.R.

826. Mrs. Harry Turner
mod. H.R.

827. Mrs. Hovey, vig. P.

Mrs. James
i, mod. T.

828. * Mrs. James Wil- A
son

829. * Mrs. John Laing,
vig. H.R.

830. Mrs. Jowitt. H.R.

831. Mrs. Laxton, dwf.
H.R.

832. Mrs. Opie, mod. T.

19

Vigneron, 1880. Velvety-red, flat form.
Violet-rose, somewhat fragrant.

Moreau-Robert, 1881. White, lightly
marked with rose, changing to pure
white. A good grower.

Turner, 1875. Belongs to the Victor
Verdier type. Carmine-red.

Madam Pean. Rosy-flesh, very produc-
tive.

Burgess, 1875. Resembles Apolline some-
what in leaf and flower, but is more
compact in growth. In color it is a rich
glossy pink, very fragrant, and is a
remarkably prolific and continuous
bloomer. It :s said to be perfectly
hardy south of New York.

Laffay, 1840. Rose color, double, gener-
ally seven leaflets ; of second quality.

Laxton, 1880. (Sent out by Turner.)
Raised from Charles Lefebvre X Al-
fred de Rougemont. Scarlet-crimson,
a splendid bright color ; a very promis-
ing sort.

Pierce, 1850. Blush, changing to white,
resembles Baltimore Belle, but is har-
dier ; a valuable climbing rose.
. Dickson & Sons, 1889. In form re-
sembles Mermet : flowers deep lemon-
yellow, tipped with rose • highly fra-
grant ; habit vigorous and branching ;
flowers carried erect on stiff stems and
lasting well.

Bennett, 1887. A seedling from Francois
Michelon ; soft pink ; large and of fine
form, produced on strong stems ; ex-
ceedingly fragrant ; one of the most
valuable varieties for forcing, and
flowers continuously in the open ground.

Cranston, 1880. From Marie Rady X
Due de Rohan. Crimson, tinged with
lake.

Laxton, 1878. (Sent out by G. Paul.)
Raised from Madame Victor Verdier.
Rosy-crimson, beautiful form.

Bell & Son, 1877. Salmon-rose.

290

THE ROSE.

VARIETY, HABIT
OF GROWTH, AND CLASS.

DESCRIPTION.

833. * Mrs. Paul, vig. B.

834. Mrs. Pierce, vig. P.

835. Mrs. Standish, dwf.
H.R.

836. Nancy Lee, dwf.

837. Narcisse, mod. (En-
fant de Ly on.) T.

838. Nardy Freres, free.
H.R.

839. Nina, mod. T.

840. Niphetos, dwf. T.

841. Nuits de Young,
mod. M.

842. * Oakmont. H.R.

843. Oderic Vital, vig.
H.R.

844. Odorata, free.
(Blush Tea.) T.

Paul & Son, 1891. " Large open flower like
a camelia, with very bold, thick petals,
perfectly arranged ; blush-white, with
rosy peach shading : very distinct. A
fine autumnal rose.

Pierce, 1850. Blush.

Trouillard, 1860. Belongs to the Giant
of Battles type. Deep crimson, tinged
with purple.

Bennett, 1879. From Alba Rosea X Ed-
ward Morren. Satiny-rose, a delicate
and lovely shade, medium or small
size, beautiful buds, highly scented ;
growth slender, inclined to mildew.
Were this of vigorous growth and good
constitution, it would be a variety of
great value.

1845. Yellow, an inferior Monsieur
Fur t ado.

Ducher, 1865. Supposed to be a seedling
from Madame Boll. Violet -red, a
very distinct variety, but of too perish-
able a color to have any value.

Blush, loose flowers : not of value.

1844. White, sometimes tinged with pale
yellow, long, large buds, the petals
thick and durable. A very beautiful
variety for growing under glass, it is
entirely unsuited for growing in open
air.

Laftay, 1851. Purplish -red, a sullied
shade.

Comley. " Deep bright rose color, in the
way of Paul Neyron, but blooms much
more freely ; delightfully scented ; con-
tinues in bloom all summer, and is one
of the best varieties for very early winter
forcing."

Oger, 1858. A sport from Baronne Prd-
•vost. A little lighter in color than the
parent, the habit is the same.

Of Chinese origin, brought to England in
1810. Carmine, fading to blush, large
flowers, somewhat loose but good in the
bud ; one of the most fragrant. The
larger number of the Teas are descend-
ants of this sort.

CATALOGUE OF VARIETIES.

291

VARIETY, HABIT
OF GROWTH, AND CLASS.

DESCRIPTION.

845. CEillet Flamand,
free. Fr.

846. CEillet Parfait, mod.
Prov,

Old Yellow Tea. T.

847. Olga Marix, mod.

848. Olivier Delhomme,
free. H.R.

849. Ophelia, mod. T.

850. Ophirie, vig. N.

851. Oriflamme de St.
Louis, free. H.R.

852. Oscar Leclerc, mod.
P.M.

853. Oxonian, mod. H.
R.

854. Paeonia, free. H.R.

855. Pallida. P.

856. Panache d'Orleans,
vig. H.R.

857. * Papa Gontier,vig.

858. Paquerette, mod.
Pol.

Vibert, 1845. White, striped with rose,
like a variegated carnation, double
flowers, of medium size ; the foliage is
very dark.

Foulard, 1841. Blush, striped with violet-
rose ; inferior to the preceding sort.

See Flavescens.

Schwartz, 1873. Rosy-flesh, changing to
white ; inferior.

V. Verdier, 1861. Brilliant red, large,
well formed.

Ducher, 1873, Yellow, medium size, full.

Goubault, 1844. Nasturtium -yellow, suf-
fused with coppery-red, medium size,
double; a very distinct sort,but very shy.

1858. Raised from General Jacqueminot.
Brilliant crimson ; resembles the parent,
but is inferior to it.

Robert, 1853. Red, tinged with violet, in
the way of Madame Bouton.

Turner, 1875. Belongs to the Victor
Verdier type. Rosy -red, somewhat
fragrant, large size ; the only one of
the type that has perfume.

Lacharme, 1855. Red, very large or
large, full, fragrant, a free bloomer ;
bushy habit, dark lustrous foliage,
numerous pale red thorns. A fine gar-
den rose, but not quite up to exhibition
standard.

Feast, 1843. Blush, much resembling
Superba.

Dauvesse, 1854. A sport from Baronne
Provost. Identical with the parent
sort, except that the flowers are striped
with rosy -white. It is not constant,
soon running back to the original.

Nabonnand, 1883. Rose, shaded yellow,
reverse of petals crimson ; large, semi-
double, fragrant, free growing, pro-
fuse flowering ; very popular for winter
forcing.

Guillot fils, 1875. Pure white, about one
inch in diameter, full, prettily formed,
recalling blossoms of the double flower-
ing cherry ; there are five to seven
leaflets, the growth is slender.

292

THE ROSE.

VARIETY, HABIT
OF GROWTH, AND CLASS.

DESCRIPTION.

859. Paul Jamain, free
fi .R.

860. Paul Joseph, free
B.

861. Paul Nabonnand,
free. T.

862. Paul Neyron, vie,
H.R.

863. Paul Perras, vig. H.
CA.

864. Paul Ricaut, free or
vig. H.Ch.

865. Paul Verdier, vig.
H.Ch.

866. Pauline Lansezeur,
mod. H.R.

867. Pauline Talabot
free. H.R.

868. Peach Blossom,
mod. H.R.

869. Pearl, dwf. ff.T.

870. * Pearl Rivers, vig,

871. Penelope Mayo,
mod. H.R.

Jamain, 1878. Belongs to the Charles
Lefebvre type. Crimson, slightly
tinged with violet-red. Very similar to
Charles Lefebvre.

Portemer, 1842. Violet-red.

Nabonnand, 1877. Satiny-rose.

Levet, 1869. From Victor Verdier X
Anne de Diesbach. Deep rose, very
large, very full, somewhat fragrant,
free blooming; the wood is nearly
smooth, the foliage tough and endur-
ing, somewhat tender, the growth is
very upright. The largest variety
known, and a very desirable sort for the
garden.

Pale rose, large, full.

Portemer, 1845. Carmine -crimson, me-
dium size, fine globular form ; one of
the most beautiful summer roses.

C. Verdier, 1866. Carmine -red, large,
globular flowers, well built ; a splendid
sort.

Lansezeur, 1855. Red, shaded with vio-
let-crimson, medium size, free bloom-
ing.

E. Verdier, 1873. Carmine-red.

W. Paul, 1874. Belongs to the Jules
Margottin type. Mottled pink, a fine
color, many imperfect blooms ; there
are others of this type like Comtesse de
Serenye, Egeria^ and Marguerite de
St. Amande, of nearly the same shade,
that are greatly superior.

Bennett, 1879. From President X Com-
tesse de Serenye. Rosy-flesh, small, full,
pretty buds, with a decided Bourbon
fragrance ; growth very slender, sub-
ject to mildew.

Dmgee & Conard Co., 1890. Large,
ivory-white, shaded with clear rose ;
fragrant and beautiful.

Davis, 1873. (Sent out by Turner.)
Carmine-red, full, well-shaped flowers.

CATALOGUE OF VARIETIES.

293

VARIETY, HABIT
OF GROWTH, AND CLASS.

DESCRIPTION.

872. Perfection de Mon
plaisir, mod. T.

873. Perfection des Elan- Schwartz
ches.free. H.N.

874. Perle d'A n g e r s
mod. B.

875. * Perle d'Or, mod
Pol.

876. Perle des Blanches
mod. H.N.

877. Perle des Jardins
free. T.

878. Perle deLyon, mod.

879. Perpetual White
Moss, free. M.

880. Persian Yellow, free.
A,

Levet, 1871. Yellow, a good Tea, which
may be described as an improved Ca-
nary ; like that sort it is delicate.
:hwartz, 1873. White, a good sort, but
inferior to Coquette des A Ipes.

Moreau- Robert, 1879. Blush.

Dubreuil, 1883. Nankeen -yellow with
orange centre ; very dwarf, branching
habit, blooming in clusters of twenty to
thirty flowers.

Lacharme, 1872. From Blanche Lafitte
X Sappho. White, inferior to others
of the type.

Levet, 1874. Canary -yellow, large or
very large, full, well formed, stiff stems,
very free ; the leaflets are five to seven
in number, deeply serrated, very dark
and glaucous. A superb sort for forc-
ing, and fine also in open air.

Ducher, 1872. Yellow with saffron cen-
tre, large, full, very fragrant ; fully as
fine in quality as the preceding, but so
subject to mildew as to be worthless to
ordinary cultivators.

Laffay. A sport from White Damask.
White, tinged with flesh, flowers in
clusters, medium size, semi-double or
double, coarse form ; but little mossed,
unattractive either in bud or flower ;
the name is a deception, as it very
rarely blooms in the autumn. Greatly
inferior to White Bath^ and also Com-
tesse de Murinais.

Introduced from Persia by H. Willock,
in 1830. Bright yellow, small, nearly
full, well formed ; small foliage, faintly
scented like the sweetbrier ; seven leaf-
lets ; the wood is chocolate brown in
color, armed with numerous brown
thorns ; it is the finest of all hardy yel-
low roses. It must not be closely
pruned ; it is desirable to grow more
than one plant, and by pruning one this
year, in the usual way, and the other
the next, annual crops of flowers may
be had. Does not grow from cuttings.

294

THE ROSE.

VARIETY, HABIT
OF GROWTH, AND CLASS.

DESCRIPTION.

881. Pierre Guillot, mod.
ff.T.

882. Pierre Netting, free,
HJL.

883. Pierre Seletzki. H
R.

884. * Pink Rover, vig,
H. T.

885. Pius the Ninth, vig.
H.R.

886. Portland Blanche,
free. Dam.

887. Prefet Limbourg,
vig. H.R.

888. President. T.

889. President Leon de
St. Jean, mod. H.R.

890. President Lincoln,
free. H.R.

891. President Mas, free
H.R.

892. President Schlach-
ter, free or vig. H.
R.

893. President Thiers,
dwf. H.R.

894. Pride of Waltham,
mod. H.R.

Guillot fils, 1879. Deep red, fragrant and
good.

Portemer, 1863. Deep crimson, tinged
with violet, large, or very large, fine,
globular form, highly scented ; the
most beautiful dark rose, after Louis
Van Houtte.

Levet, 1872. Violet-red.

W. Paul & Son, 1890. Flowers very pale
pink, deeper in the centre, large, full
and expanded ; exceedingly sweet ;
buds long, clean, and handsome. Of
semi-climbing habit.

Vibert, 1849. Violet-rose, a very sullied
shade, flat form, very full, free bloom-
ing, very hardy.

Vibert, 1836. White, tinged with flesh,
large, very full, flat form ; often comes
with green centre.

Margottin fils, 1878. Crimson, tinged
with violet, double, or full ; a rose of
fine color.

1860. (Sent out by \V. Paul.) See Adam.

Lacharme, 1875. Raised from Charles
Lefebvre. This is simply an inferior
Charles Lefebvre, not worthy of cul-
tivation.

ranger, 1863. Vermilion red, tinged
with crimson, the flowers are much like
General Washington, but inferior in
quality to that variety, the habit of
growth is stronger.

uillot fils, 1865. Raised from Triomphe
de f Exposition. Red, shaded with
crimson, often comes with bad cen-
tre.

E. Verdier, 1877. Reddish - crimson,
finged with violet.

Lacharme, 1871. Belongs to the Victor
Verdier type. Carmine -red, one of
the darkest colored in the type.

W. Paul, 1881. Belongs to the Victor
Verdier type. Flesh color, shaded
with rose, a deeper shade than Eugenie
Verdier.

CATALOGUE OF VARIETIES. 295

VARIETY, HABIT
OF GROWTH, AND CLASS.

DESCRIPTION.

805. Prince Arthur, free.
H.R.

896. Prince Camille de
Rohan, free. H.R.

897. Prince de Portia,
free. H.R.

898. Prince Humbert,
free or mod. H.R.

899. Prince Leon, mod.
H.R.

000. Prince of Wales,
mod. H.R.

001. Prince Paul Demi-
doff, free. H.R.

902. Prince Prosper
d'Aremberg. T.

903. Princess Adelaide,
vig. M.

904. Princess Alice, vig.
M.

905. Princess Antoinette
Strozzio, free. H.R.

906. Princess Beatrice,
mod. H.R.

907. Princess Charlotte
de la Tremouille,
mod. H.R.

908. Princess Christian,
mod. H.R.

909. Princess Clemen-
tine, vig. Prov.

oio. Princess Louise,
mod. H.R.

Cant, 1875. Belongs to the General
Jacqueminot type. Deep crimson,
smaller but better formed than Jacque-
minot.

E. Verdier, 1861. Very deep velvety,
crimson, large, moderately full, habit
somewhat spreading, shy in autumn.
A good rose, of splendid color.

E. Verdier, 1865. Vermilion, large, full,
well formed, one of the most fragrant,
somewhat subject to mildew. A splen-
did variety.

Margottin, 1867. Crimson, large, well
formed, excellent.

Marest, 1852. Rosy-crimson, stiff, short
wood.

Laxton, 1869. (Sent out by G. Paul.)
From Louise PeyronnyY^ Victor Ver-
dier. Pink, very large, double.

Guillot fils, 1873. Satiny-rose.

Soupert & Netting, 1880. Salmon-red.

Laffay, 1845. Pale rose, medium size,

not very mossy, but good in bud and

flower ; dark foliage, which is often

variegated.
W. Paul, 1853. Raised from Luxembourg.

Violet-rose, not well mossed.
E. Verdier, 1874. Red, large, full, well

formed ; slightly in the way of Marie

Rady.
W. Paul, 1872. Belongs to the Victor

Verdier type. Pink, globular flowers ;

fades quickly and is not desirable.
Leyeque, 1877. Pale-satiny-rose, medium

size, full, somewhat fragrant; not of

first quality, but very free blooming

and therefore of some value.
W. Paul, 1870. Salmon -rose, does not
open well ; worthless.
Vibert, 1842. A beautiful white rose,

much resembling, but not equalling.

Blanchefleur.
Laxton, 1869. (Sent out by G. Paul.)

Raised from Mme. Vidft X Virginal.

Blush, medium size, good.

296

THE ROSE.

VARIETY, HABIT
or GROWTH, AND CLASS.

DESCRIPTION.

911. Princess Louise
toria, vig. H.Cl.

912. Princess Marie Dol-
gorpuky, free. H.R

913. Princess Mary ol
Cambridge, mod. H
R.

914. Princess Mathilde
mod. H.R.

915. Princess of
free. H.R.

916. Professor Koch,
free. H.R.

917. Pumila, free. N.

918. * Puritan, vig. H. T.

919. Purpurea Ruhr a,
mod. M.

920. Queen Eleanor,
mod. or free. H.R.

921. Queen of Ayrshires,
vig. Ay.

922. Queen of Bedders,
dwf. £.

923. Queen of Bourbons,
mod. or dwf. B.

924. Queen of Queens.

925. Queen of the Bel-
gians, vig. Ay.

Vic- Knight, 1872. Salmon-pink, medium size,
fine globular form, not fragrant ; dark
foliage, wood nearly smooth. A splen-
did rose.

Gonod, 1878. Raised from Annede Dies-
bach. Satiny-rose, very large,
f Granger, 1866. (Sent out by G. Paul.)
From Duchess of Sutherland Y. Jules
Margottin. Salmon -pink, often mot-
tled ; a fine sort, now surpassed by
Countess of Serenye and Egeria.

Liabaud, 1860. (Sent out by Jean Fernet.)
Burgundy-crimson, a lovely shade, me-
dium size, double, never full. It seems
as though this must be the founder of
the Baron de Bonstetten type.
Wales, W. Paul 1864. Crimson, cupped form,
double.

E. Verdier, 1861. Cherry -red, medium
size, double, erect growth, liable to
mildew.

Origin and raiser unknown. Salmon-rose,
seeming to have Safrano blood, very
free.

Bennett, 1886. Flowers large, often
badly formed ; pure white, sweet ; fine
foliage.

Purplish-red, a bad color.

W. Paul, 1876. Pink, tinged with ma-
genta-red, large, full, well formed;
wood and thorns light green. A very
beautiful rose when perfect, but sparsely
produced and not reliable.

Rivers. Violet -crimson, semi-double,
small.

Noble, 1877. Raised from Sir J. Pax-
ton. Crimson, medium size, very full ;
a free flowering sort. The color is not
very durable.

Mauger, 1834. Fawn and rose, medium
or small size, fragrant, very free, of
delicate habit.

W. Paul, 1882. " Pink with blush edges,
large and full, and of perfect form ;
grows and flowers freely.
rhite, small, double.

CATALOGUE OF VARIETIES.

297

VARIETY, HABIT
OR GROWTH, AND CLASS.

DESCRIPTION.

926. Queen of the Prai
ries, vig. P.

927. Queen of Waltham
mod. H.R.

928. Queen's Scarlet
mod. Beng.

929. Queen Victoria
mod. H.R.

930. * Rainbow, vig. T.

931. R. Dudley Baxter
H.R.

932. Red Dragon, free
H.R.

934. * Red Gauntlet, vig
H.R.

935. * Red Pet, mod
Beng.

936. Red Rover, vig,
H.Cl.

Red Safrano. T.

937. Reine Blanche,mod,
M ,

938. Reine Blanche,mod,
H.R.

939. Reine Blanche,mod.
H.R.

940. Reine de Portugal,
mod. T.

941. Reine des Massifs,
vig. N.

942. Reine des Violettes,
free. H.R.

943. Reine du Midi, free
or vig. H.R.

Feast, 1843. Rosy-red, frequently with
white stripe, medium or larr '

ripe,
foil;

arge size
fe leaflets,

double; foliage large,
quite deeply serrated.

W. Paul, 1875. Cherry-red, of good size,
very fragrant, does not bloom till late ;
a variety of fair qualitv.

Hallock & Thorpe, 1880. Crimson, seems
to be an improved Agrippina.

Fontaine, 1850. (Sent out by W. Paul.)
Raised from La Reine. Blush with
pink centre, large, very full, globular ;
does not open well.

Sievers, 1891. A sport from Papa
Gontier, resembling that variety, with
the exception that the color is lighter,
being pink, and with the petals some-
what striped or blotched.

W. Paul, 1879. Maroon, large size.

W. Paul, 1878. Crimson, large, rather
loose flowers ; not valuable.

W. Paul & Son, 1881. Bright scarlet-
crimson, shaded with deep rose ; very
large and full.

A miniature rose with dark crimson
flowers produced continuously.

W. Paul, 1863. Red, tinged with crim-
son.

See Safrano a fleur Rouge.

Robert, 1858. White, a shy blooming
sort.

Damaizin, 1868. Raised from La Reine.
Blush, well formed.

rozy, 1869. Raised from Victor Ver-
dier. Flesh-white, shaded with rose,
uillotfils, 1867. Coppery-yellow, blend-
ing with rose, large, very full ; an emi-
nently distinct sort, but does not open
well.

Levet, 1874. Salmon -yellow, medium
size.

Mille- Mallet, 1860. Raised from Pius
the Ninth. Violet-red, a muddy color.

Robert, 1868. The same as La Reine,
though supposed by some to be larger
and fuller.

298

THE ROSE.

VARIETY. HABIT
OR GROWTH/AND CLASS. DESCRIPTION.

944. Reine Emma des

Nabonnand, 1879. Yellow, shaded with

Pays Bas, free. T.

reddish-salmon.

945. Reine Maria Pia.

Schwartz, 1880. Raised from Gloire de

vig. Cl.T.

Dijon. Deep rose, the centre reddish-

crimson.

946. Reine Marie Hen

Level, 1878. From Mme. B^rardy^Gen-

riette, vig. Cl. T.

eral Jacqueminot. Cherry-red, a pure

shade, large, double, somewhat fra-

grant ; a beautiful, but rather unpro-

ductive sort.

947. * Reine Nathalie de
Serbie, vig. T.

Soupert & Notting, 1885. Flesh color,
shaded lightly with yellow, large and
full, of good form, very fragrant.

948. * Reine Olga de

Nabonnand, 1881. Brilliant red ; very

Wiirtemburg, v i g

large ; semi-double.

H.T.

949. Reved'Or, free. N.

Ducher, 1869. Buff-yellow, medium size,

full.

950. Rev. J. B. M.
Camm, mod. H.R.

Turner, 1875 Belongs to the Jules Mar-
got 'fin type. Carmine -rose, a fine en-

during shade, large or medium size,

semi-globular form ; one of the most

fragrant and free blooming. A superb

rose.

951. Richard Lax ton,
free. H.R.

Laxton, 1878. (Sent out by Turner.)
Reddish -crimson, large, full; some-
what resembles Marechal Vail-

lant.

952. Richard Smith,

E. Verdier, 1861. Belongs to the Gen.

mod. H.R.

Jacqueminot type. Crimson, tinged
with purple, not valuable.

953. Richard Wallace,

_,eveque, 1871. Red, very large ; not of

free. H.R.

first quality,

954. Rivers, free. H.R.

l^ffay, 1839. Rose color, large, flat form,

not valuable.

955. Robert Marnock,

G. Paul, 1878. Belongs to the Duke of

free or vig. H.R.

Edinburgh type. Brownish-crimson,

double, not free in autumn.

956. * Rosalie, mod. T.

Lllwanger & Barry, 1884. Raised from

seed of Marie Van Houtte. Of slender

yet healthy growth ; flower small, a

little larger than Paquerette, and of

a deep pink color, about the shade

of Madame Lambard. Pretty in bud,

the flowers being of good substance,

and remaining perfect for a long time ;

fragrant.

CATALOGUE OF VARIETIES.

299

VARIETY, HABIT
OF GROWTH, AND CLASS.

DESCRIPTION.

957. Rose du Roi, mod
(Crimson Perpet
ual.) Dam.

958. Rosieriste Harms
free. H.R.

959. Rosieriste Jacobs
free. H.R.

960. Rosy Morn, dwf
H.R.

961. Royal Standard
mod. H.R.

062. Royal Tea, mod. T.

963. Rubens, mod. H.R.

964. Rubens, free. T.

965. Rugosa Alba, vig.

966. Rugosa Rubra, vig.

967. S. Reynolds Hole,
mod. H.R.

968. Safrano, free. T.

Lelieur, 1812. Bright crimsqp, large,

double, very fragrant; occasionally

blooms in autumn.
E. Verdier, 1879. Velvety-red, shaded

with crimson, slightly resembling Mme.

Victor Verdier.
Madame Ducher, 1880. Bright red.

W. Paul, 1878. Belongs to the VictorVer-
dier type. Salmon-pink, a deeper shade
than Euge'nie Verdier ; peculiar wood
and foliage more like Captain Christy
than any other variety. A good rose,
but with too many imperfect blooms.

Turner, 1874. Satiny- rose, tinged with
lilac, a large, well-formed, globular
flower ; but does not open well.

White, faintly tinged with yellow, long,
beautiful buds, delicate habit.

Laffay, 1852. Bright red, a fine color,
flowers loose.

VIoreau-Robert, 1859. Rosy-flesh,
deeper at centre, large, full, well
formed, fine in the bud. An excellent
variety.

A species from Japan, introduced some
years ago. White, large size, five petals,
fragrant. A beautiful single rose.

A.lso from Japan. Deep rose, tinged
with violet, single, fragrant. The
flowers are succeeded by very bright
colored heps of large size, which in the
autumn are exceedingly attractive.
The leaflets are nine in number, of dark
color, very tough and durable. These
two kinds are splendid shrubs for bor-
ders.

. Paul, 1872. Maroon, flushed with
scarlet-crimson, medium size, full, well
formed ; shy in the autumn and sub-
ject to mildew. A rose of great beauty
but not at all adapted to general culti-
vation.

Jeauregard, 1839. Saffron and apricot-
yellow, large, semi-double, exceedingly
beautiful in the bud, very free. The
seed organs are better developed than
in almost any other kind.

300

THE ROSE.

VARIETY, HABIT
OF GROWTH, AND CLASS.

DESCRIPTION.

969. Safrano a fleur
Rouge, mod. (Red
Safrano.) T,

970. Saint George, mod
H.R.

971. * Salamander, vig
H.R.

972. Salet, free. P.M.

973. Sanguinea, mod.
Beng.

974. * Sappho, vig. T.

975. S6nateur Vaisse
mod. H.R.

976. Setina, free. B.

Seven Sisters. Mult.

977. Sir Garnet Wol-

seley, vig. or free.

H.R.

978. Sir Joseph Paxton,
free. B.

979. * Snowflake, vig. T.

980. Socrates, free. T.

Oger, 1868. Belongs to the Safrano
type. Saffron-yellow, shaded with
coppery- red, semi-double ; a peculiar
scent, not pleasing.

W. Paul, 1874. Crimson, shaded with
purple.

W. Paul & Son, 1891. " Large and full;
bright scar let -crimson, very vivid in
summer ; very free flowering."

Lacharme, 1854. Light rose, medium size,
flat form, fairly good buds, very free.
The best in the class, after Soupert et
Notting.

Crimson, medium or small size. An in-
ferior Agrippina.

W. Paul & Son, 1889. Buds medium,
full, globular, fawn color, suffused with
rose, the opening flowers shaded with
yellow and tawny buff. Distinct and
handsome ; vigorous and free bloom-
ing.

Guillot pere, 1859. Raised from General
Jacqueminot. Red, shaded with car-
mine-crimson, large, full, well formed,
highly scented. A fine rose, but now
surpassed by Mons. E. Y. Teas.

P. Henderson, 1859. A sport from Her-
mosa. Identical with the parent, ex-
cept that the habit is a little more vigor-
ous.

See Greville.

ranston, 1875. Said to be a seedling
from Prince Camille. [We doubt this
parentage.] Nearly identical with Mau-
rice Bernardin ; the flowers may be a
little superior in finish, but they are
less freely produced.

Laffay, 1852. Deep red; slightly tinged
with, violet, medium size, well formed,
non-autumnal.

Strauss & Co., 1890. Sent out by Strauss
& Co., of Washington, D.C. ; a very
free flowering white rose ; useful in set
designs, and as a pot plant.

VIoreau-Robert, 1858. Deep rose tinged
with fawn, large or medium size, double
or full. Quite a good Tea.

CATALOGUE OF VARIETIES.

301

VARIETY, HABIT
OF GROWTH, AND CLASS.

DESCRIPTION.

981. Sceur des Anges,
mod. H.R.

982. Solfaterre, vig.
(Augusta.) N.

983. Sombreuil, vig. T.

084. Soupert et Netting,
dwf. P.M.

985. Souvenir d'Adolphe
Thiers, mod. H.R.

986. Souvenir d'Auguste
Riviere, free. H.R.

987. Souvenir d ' Elise
Vardon, mod. T.

988. * Souvenir de Clair-
vaux, vig. T.

989. Souvenir de Georges Mad
Sand, free. T.

goo. Souvenir de Henry
Clay, free. S.

991. * Souvenir de
brielle Drevet, vig.

992. Souvenir de la Mai- Beluze
maison, mod. B.

Oger , 1 863. A sport from Duchesse d ' Or-
igans. Flesh, shaded with lilac; not
valuable.

Boyeau, 1843. Raised from Lamarque.
Sulphur-yellow, large, double or full,
slightly fragrant. An excellent climb-
ing rose, and valuable as a stock on
which to bud Teas.

Moreau-Robert, 1851. Evidently of Bour-
bon parentage on one side. Creamy-
white, often tinted with pink, large or
very large, full, well formed ; the har-
diest and most vigorous of the white
Teas, and free from mildew. A valu-
able sort for culture in the open air.

Fernet, 1874. Rose color, very large, very
full, globular form, highly scented, not
very mossy, a true ever-blooming rose,
five leaflets only. The flowers are some-
times malformed, but they are infinitely
superior to all others of the same class.

Moreau-Robert, 1877. Raised from Coun-
tess of Oxford. Red, tinged with ver-
milion, very large.

E. Verdier, 1877. Belongs to the Prince
Camille type. Velvety-crimson.

Marest, 1855. Flesh color, shaded with
rosy -salmon, large, full; highly es-
teemed in England, but we have never
admired it ; refinement is lacking in the
flower.

Eugene Verdier, 1801. Large, well
formed ; buds large, long ; pinkish-rose ;
fragrant.

Madame Ducher, 1876. Salmon and rose,
reverse of petals tinged with lilac, bad-
ly formed.

6011,1854. A hybrid Scotch. Rose color,
small or medium size, gives some blooms
in the autumn.

Ga- Guillot fils, 1885. Salmon -white, centre
coppery-rose, large and full, very sweet.

c.u«, 1843. Supposed to be a seed-
ling from Madame Desfrez. Flesh
shaded with fawn, large, very full, flat
form, rich foliage. A splendid rose.

302

THE ROSE.

VARIETY, HABIT
OF GROWTH, AND CLASS.

DESCRIPTION.

993. Souvenir de la
Reine d'Angleterre,
vig. or free. H.R.

994. Souvenir de la Reine
des Beiges, mod. or
free. H.R.

995. Souvenir de Laffay.
I~f.R.

996. Souvenir de Leveson
Gower, free. H.R.

997. Souvenir de Louis
Van Houtte, free.
H.R.

998. Souvenir de Mme.
Robert, free or vig.
H.R.

999. * Souvenir de Ma-
dame Sablayrolles,
vig. T.

1000. Souvenir de Marie
Detfey, free. T.

1001. Souvenir de Mons.
Boll, mod. or free.
H.R.

1002. Souvenir de Mons.
Droche. H.R.

1003. Souvenir de Paul
Neyron, mod. T.

1004. Souvenir de Pierre
D u p u y, vig. H.

Crt.

1005. Souvenir de Mme.
Fernet, vig. T.

1006. Souvenir de Spa,
mod. H.R.

1007. *Souvenirde Victor Bo
Hugo, vig. T.

1008. Souvenir de Victor
Verdier, free or mod.
H.R.

Cochet, 1855. Raised from La Reine.

Bright rose, very large, double ; shy in

autumn.
Cochet, 1855. Carmine-red, medium size,

good color, rather tender.

E. Verdier, 1878. Violet-crimson.

Guillot pere, 1852. Deep-rose, very large,
double or full, fine flowers ; quite ten-
der, and subject to mildew.

E. Verdier, 1876. Bright crimson, some-
times tinged with violet, well formed,
quite a good rose.

Moreau- Robert, 1876. Raised from Jules
Margottin. Salmon-pink.

Bonnaire, 1890. Large, finely formed ;

creamy-white, tinged with silvery-rose ;

fragrant.
Madame Ducher, 1877. Salmon rose ; of

inferior quality, not worth growing.
Boyeau, 1866. Cherry-red, large, very

full.

Madame Ducher, 1881. Carmine -rose,
double.

Level, 1871. Said to be a seedling from
the Noisette Ophirie. Pale salmon-
yellow, medium or small size ; rather a
good rose, but too delicate to be gener-
ally useful.

A. Level, 1876. Red, large, globular
flowers, well formed, fragranl.

Pernet, 1875. Tender rose, the base of
petals tinged with yellow, large loose
flowers, sparsely produced. A distinct
but not valuable sort.

Gautreau, 1873. Raised from Mme. Vic-
tor Verdier. Bright red, shaded with
crimson, well formed,
nnaire, 1886. China rose, centre cop-
pery ; large, full, and distinct.

E. Verdier, 1878. Red, shaded with vio-
let-crimson, a well-formed, good rose.

CATALOGUE OF VARIETIES. 303

VARIETY, HABIT
OF GROWTH, AND CLASS.

DESCRIPTION.

IOOQ. Souvenir de Wra
Wood, mod. H.R.

1010. Souvenir d'un Ami
free. T.

xoix. Souvenir du Comte
de Cavour, mod. H.
R.

1012. Souvenir du Dr.
Jamain, free. H.R.

1013. Souvenir du Presi-
dent Porcher, mod.
H.R.

1014. * Souvenir du Ro-
sieriste Gonod, vig.
H.R.

1015. *Souvenir de Wbot-
ton, vig. H. T.

1016. Standard of Maren-
go, vig. H.R.

1017. Stanwell Perpet-
ual, mod. S.

1018. Star of Waltham,
mod. or dwf. H.R.

1019. Stephanie - et-Ro -
dolphe, vig. Cl. T.

1020. Sulphureux, mod,

1021. Sultan of Zanzibar,
mod. H.R.

1022. Superba, vig. P.

E. Verdier, 1864. Belongs to the Prince
Camille type. A fine, very dark crim-
son, not equalling Prince Camille.

Belot, 1846. Rose, tinged with salmon,
very large, full, highly perfumed; an old
favorite which yet retains its high rank.

Margottin, 1861. Red, shaded with crim-
son.

Lacharme, 1865. Raised from Charles
Lefebvre. Plum color, shaded with
deep crimson.

T. Grange, 1880. (Sent out by Vigneron.)
Raised from Victor Verdier. Deep
rose.

Jean Ducher, 1890. Very large, full, and
well formed ; cerise, veined with bright
rose ; fragrant. Forces well.

'"ook, 1888. A red hybrid Tea from seed
of Bon Silene, fertilized with Louis
Van Houtte ; plant vigorous with fine
foliage ; free blooming ; buds of good
size on strong shoots; of a rich red color
and extremely fragrant. If the buds
were longer this would be a very valu-
able variety for forcing,
uillot pere, 1851. Rosy-crimson, double,
fragrant.

Lee. Blush, medium size, double, deli-
cately scented, foliage very small, nine
to eleven leaflets ; dark reddish-brown
wood, numerous small spines. A hy-
brid which blooms in the autumn.

W. Paul, 1875. Carmine-crimson, medium
size, semi-globular, full, fragrant ; very
large foliage, smooth green wood, with
occasional red thorns. A good rose but
not reliable.

Levet, 1880. Raised from Gloire de Di-
jon. Orange-yellow.

Ducher, 1869. Sulphur-yellow, medium
size.

. Paul, 1875. Crimson-maroon, in the
style of 6". Reynolds Hole ; very un-
healthy habit.

Feast, 1843. Pink, becoming blush, small,
full, pretty.

3°4

THE ROSE.

VARIETY, HABIT
OF GROWTH, AND CLASS.

DESCRIPTION.

1023. *Suzanne Blanchet,
vig. T.

1024. Sydonie, vig. H.R.

1025. * T. W. Girdle-
stone, vig. H.R.

1026. Tatiana Oneguine,
free. H.R.

1027. The Shah, free.
H.R.

1028. Theodore Bullier,
free. H.R.

1029. Therese Genevay.

1030. Thomas Methven,
free. H.R.

1031. Thomas Mills, vig.
or free. H.R.

1032. ThyraHammerich,
mod. or free. H.R.

1033. Triomphe d'Ami-
ens, vig. H.R.

1034. Triomphe d' An-
gers, mod. H.R.

1035. Triomphe de
Beaute, free. H.R.

1036. TriomphedeCaen,
dwf . or mod. H.R.

1037. Triomphe de
France, dwf. H.R.

Nabonnand, 1886. Rose tinted with flesh
color ; large and of fine form ; very
fragrant.

Dorisy, 1846. Rose color, medium size,
very full, quartered form, very free
blooming, very hardy ; five to seven
leaflets, red thorns. Its poor shape de-
stroys its usefulness.

A. Dickson & Sons, 1890. Very large,
perfectly symmetrical in form ; brilliant
carmine, base of petals shaded with
lake ; very fragrant.

Leveque, 1881. Raised from Elizabeth
Vigneron. Carmine-red.

G. Paul, 1874. Raised from Duke of
Edinburgh. Red, shaded with bright
crimson, rather small, full ; a shy
bloomer, and subject to mildew.

E. Verdier, 1879. Carmine- red, tinged
with violet-crimson.

Level, 1875. Rose, tinged with fawn.

E. Verdier, 1869. Red, tinged with vel-
vety-crimson, good size, well formed ;
a fine rose.

E. Verdier, 1873. Rosy- crimson, very
large, double ; a good garden variety.

Ledechaux, 1868. Raised from Duchess
of Sutherland. Rosy-flesh, large, well
formed ; distinct and good.

Mille-Mallet, 1861. A sport from Gen-
eral Jacqueminot. Crimson, some-
times marbled and striped with carmine-
purple, but generally like the parent ;
not valuable.

Moreau-Robert, 1863. Rich crimson, suf-
fused with purple.

Oger, 1853. Reddish - crimson, double,
somewhat resembles General Jacque-
minot, but much inferior.

Cger, 1862. Crimson, tinged with purple,
a non-permanent shade, not desir-
able.

Margottin, 1875. Carmine - red, very
large, very full, flat, fragrant ; a fine
sort, but not reliable, and of such poor
growth as to destroy its value.

CATALOGUE OF VARIETIES.

305

VARIETY, HABIT
OF GROWTH, AND CLASS.

DESCRIPTION.

1038. Triomphe de
sens, free. Fr.

1039. Triomphe de 1' Ex-
position, free. H.R.

1040. Triomphe de Mi-
lan, mod. T.

1041. * Triomphe de Per-
net pere, vig. T.

1042. Triomphe de Ren-
nes, free. N.

1043. Triomphe de Tou-
louse. H.R.

1044. Triomphe des
Beaux Arts, free or
vig. H.R.

1045. Triomphe
omanes, vig. H.R.

1046. Triomphe du Lux-
embourg, free. T.

1047. Triumphant, vig.
P.

1048. U 1 r i c h Briinner,
vig. H.R.

Unique. M.

1049. Unique, vig.
(White Provence.)
Pro-v.

1050. Vainqueur de Sol-
ferino, mod. H.R.

1051. Vallee de Chamou-
nix, mod. T.

1052. * Vick's Caprice,
vig. H.R.

Jaus- Crimson, large loose flowers, wood armed
with short dark spines.

Margottin, 1855. Reddish-crimson, large,
rather coarse flowers, fragrant, numer-
ous red thorns, hardy ; occasionally
comes very fine, but generally the
quality is inferior.

Madame Ducher, 1876. White, suffused
with pale yellow, without fragrance ; a
fine rose, similar, but inferior, to Marie
Gui Hot.

Fernet pere, 1891. Bright red ; buds
long.

Lansezeur, 1857. From Lamargue.
Canary -yellow, the centre tinged with
salmon, large or very large, full, good.

Brassac, 1874. Red, shaded with violet-
crimson.

Fontaine, 1857. Raised, from General
Jacqueminot, An inferior likeness of
the parent.

des Ros- Gonod, 1873. Belongs to the General
Jacqueminot type. Crimson, tinged
with purple, fragrant, and of fair qual-
ity ; a good seed-bearer.

Hardy, 1836. (Sent out by Madame

Pean.) Buff -rose, large, good in the
bit ; a desirable
sort.

bud, of healthy ha

Pierce, 1850. Rosy-pink, medium size,

double or full, distinct ; seven leaflets

are common.
Levet, 1881. Raised from Paul Neyron.

Cherry-red.
See White Bath.
Grimwood, 1778. White, a good rose,

similar but inferior to Madame Hardy.

Damaizin, 1859. Belongs to the Giant
of Battles type. Red, shaded with
purplish-crimson.

Ducher, 1873. Coppery-yellow and rose,
medium size.

James Vick, 1880. A sport from Arch-
duchesse d'Autriche. Large, pink,
striped and dashed with white and car-
mine ; vigorous and free blooming.

306

THE ROSE.

VARIETY, HABIT
OF GROWTH, AND CLASS.

DESCRIPTION.

1053- Vicomte Maison,
vig. H.R.

1054. Vicomte Vigier,
free. H.R.

1055. Vicomtesse de
Cazes, dwf. T.

1056. Victor Pulliat, mod.
T.

1057. Victor Trouillard.
H.R.

1058. Victor Verdier,
mod. H.R.

1059. Villaret de Joy
euse, free. H.R.

1060. Ville de St. Denis,
free. H.R.

1061. Violette Bouyer
free or vig. H.R.

1062. Virgil, free. H.R.

1063. Viridiflora, free.
( Viridiscens?) Beng.

1064. Virginale, mod. //,
R.

1065. Viscountess Fal-
mouth, dwf. H. T.

1066. *Viscountess
Folkestone, vig. //.

1067. Vulcain, mod. H.
R.

Fontaine, 1868. Cherry -red, double,
fades quickly, straggling habit.

E. Verdier, 1861. Maroon- tinged with
violet, a well-formed, globular flower.

Pradel, 1844. Coppery-yellow, rather
loose form, very delicate habit.

Ducher, 1870. Pale yellow, long buds,
quite a good Tea.

Trouillard, 1856. (Sent out by Standish
& Noble.) Crimson and purple.

Lacharme, 1852. Bright rose, with car-
mine centre, a very fresh shade, but
not permanent, semi-globular form, of
good size, not fragrant ; very free, the
wood is all but smooth, the foliage lus-
trous. This variety is doubtless of
Bourbon origin ; it is a beautiful rose,
but with its entire progeny is more ten-
der than any other types in the class.

Damaizin, 1874. Bright rose, well formed.

Thouars, 1853. From La Reine. Car-
mine-rose.

Lacharme, 1881. From_/W^ Margottin
X Sombreul. White, tinged with pink.

Guillot pere, 1870. (Sent out by W. Paul.)
Pink, tinged with lavender, not valua-
ble.

Green flowers, of no beauty whatsoever,
only sought for as a curiosity.

Lacharme, 1858. White, with flesh cen-
tre, medium size, double or full, well
formed ; a good rose, but of very deli-
cate habit.

Bennett, 1879. From President X Sou-
pert et Netting. Mottled rose, the ex-
terior of petals with a silvery lustre,
very large, very full, globular, having
the intense fragrance of Soupert et
Netting^ and like that variety inclined
to come malformed. The wood is very
thorny, the shoots slender.

Bennett, 1887. Creamy-pink ; large, full,
sweet.

E. Verdier, 1862. Rich crimson, double,
well formed ; a rose of splendid color.

CATALOGUE OF VARIETIES. 307

VARIETY, HABIT
OF GROWTH, AND CLASS.

DESCRIPTION.

1068. W. A. Richardson,
vig. N.

1069. W. Wilson Saun-
ders, mod. H.R.

1070. * Waban, mod. T.

1071. Washington, vig.

1072. White Banksia,
vig. £' k.

1073. White Baroness,
mod. H.R.

1074. White Bath, mod.
or free. (Unique.)
M.

W h i t e Provence .

Prov.

1075. *White Bon Silene,
vig. T.

1076. * White Lady,mod.

1077. * William F. Ben-
nett, vig. H. T.

1078. William Griffith,
free. H.R.

Madame Ducher, 1878. Orange-yellow,
medium size, of fair quality.

G. Paul, 1874. ' Belongs to the Charles
Lefebiire type. May be briefly de-
scribed as an inferior Charles Le-
febvre.

E. M. Wood & Co., 1891. A sport from
Catharine Mermet, resembling it in
every respect except in color, which is
a rich, bright, clear pink. With some
growers this variety has proved a suc-
cess, while with others it has not done
well. ]t often grows one-sided.

Stewart (of Philadelphia). White, me-
dium size, loose flowers, poor.

Brought to England from China in 1807.
Pure white, small full flower, violet-
scented.

G. Paul, 1882. A sport from Baroness
Rothschild. Unlike Mabei Morrison,
this is quite as full a rose as the parent,
and it is pure white ; in other respects,
as vigor of growth, etc., it is identical
with Baroness Rothschild. We saw
this in flower at Cheshunt during the
summer of 1880, and were greatly im-
pressed with its merit.

Salter. A sport from the Common.
White, sometimes tinged with flesh,
attractive in bud and open flower : gen-
erally five leafletSj of straggling habit.
Much the best white mofs.

See Unique.

F. Morat, 1883. A sport from the well-
known Bo n Silene. Of a pearly white-
ness, vigorous and free flowering.

W. Paul & Son, 1889. Flowers large,
beautiful semi-cupped form ; creamy-
white.

Bennett, 1885. Beautiful glowing crim-
son, similar to Gen. Jacqueminot, with
a bud similar to Niphetos ; very frag-
rant ; a very free bloomer, but only a
moderate grower.

Portemer, 1850. Pink, much resembling
Countess C. de Chabrillant, but the

TtfE R0$£.

VARIETY, HABIT
OF GROWTH, AND CLASS.

DESCRIPTION.

1079. William Jesse, free.
H.R.

1080. William Koelle,
mod. H.R.

1081. William Lobb, free,
M.

1082. William Warden
vig. H.R.

1083. Woodland Mar-
guerite, vig. N.

1084. Xavier Olibo, mod,
or dwf. H.R.

1085. Yellow Banksia,
vig. ffk.

Yellow Tea. T.

1086. Yolanded'Aragon,
free. H.R.

flowers are somewhat smaller, the wood
smoother, and in habit it is more vigor-
ous, but also much more liable to in-
jury from the cold.

Laffay, 1840. Red, suffused with violet,
in the way of Pius the Ninth. An
undesirable sort.

Fernet, 1878. Raised from Alfred Co-
lotnb. The flowers are nearly or quite
the same shade as those of the parent,
the habit is partially that of Charles
Lefebvre.

Laffay, 1855. Violet-red, not an attrac-
tive sort.

Mitchell & Son, 1878. A sport from
Madame Clemence Joigneaux. Pink
flowers, the habit, etc., is the same as
that of the parent.

J. Pentland, 1859. White, sometimes
with flesh, medium size ; of fair quality.

Lacharme, 1864. Said to be from Gen.
Jacqueminot. Very deep, rich crim-
son, large flowers, moderately full ; a
superb rose.

Brought to England from China in 1827.
Like White Banksia, except the color,
which is clear yellow.

See Flavescens.

Vibert, 1843. Lilac-rose, flat form, strag-
gling habit ; worthless.

INDEX.

Aphis, The, 88.
Austrian Roses, 33.
Autumnal Roses, 42, 51, 129.
Ayrshire Roses, 28.
Banksia Roses, 28.
Bedding Roses, 127.
Bengal Roses, 51.
Best Roses, The, 134.
Books on Roses, v. 199.
Bourbon Roses, 52.
Boursault Roses, 29.
Boxes for Exhibiting, 109.
Brier, The, as a Stock, 104.
Budded Roses, 102.
Cabbage Rose, The. 40.
Catalogue of Varieties, 228.
Caterpillars, 92.
Champney Roses, 44.
China Roses, 51.
Classification, 25.
Climbing Roses, 28, 42, 130.
Climbing Tea Roses, 49.
Cuttings, 99, 114.
Damask Roses, 32.
Descriptions, 174.
Diseases, 87.
Eglantine, The, 41.
Evergreen Roses, 29.
Exhibiting I 056,107.
Exhibition Roses, The Best, 132.
Failure, Causes of, 72.
Fairy Roses, 52.

Families of Roses, 28.

Free-blooming l-'oses, 130.

Forcing Roses, 114, 129.

Fragrant Roses, 131.

French Roses, 34.

Grafting, 105.

Green Fly, 88.

Habit of Growth, 230

Hardy Roses, 131.

Hellebore, 92.

Hybrid China Roses, 35.

Hybrid Climbing Roses, 3- -, ;.2.

Hybrid Noisette Roses^, 54.

Hybrid Perpetual Roses, 55.

Hybrid Remontant Roses, 55

Hybrid Tea Roses, 58.

Insects, 87.

Leaf Roller, 92.

Layers, 105.

Mail, Plants by, 77.

Manetti, The, as a Stock, 104.

Manures, 83.

May Bug, 94.

Microphylla Roses, 44.

Mildew, 89.

Monthly Rose s, 42.

Moss Roses, 39.

Multiflora Roses, 28.

Night-soil, 84.

Noisette Roses, 44.

Old and New Roses, 203.

Own Roots, 99.

3io

INDEX.

Pegged-down Roses, 127.

Permanent Colors, 162.

Perpetual Roses, 42.

Perpetual Moss Roses, 62.

Pillar Roses, 35.

Planting, 76.

Polyantha Roses, 47.

Position for Planting, 71.

Pot-culture, 114.

Potting Roses, 115.

Prairie Roses, 29.

Propagation, 99.

Protection, 64.

Provence Roses, 38.

Pruning, 76.

Quassia, 89.

Raisers of the Best Roses, 134.

Raising New Varieties, 186.

Rose Bug, The, 93.

Rose Chafer, The, 93.

Rose Slug, The, 93.

Rose Hopper, The, 91.

Roses for Special Purposes, 127.

Roses under Glass, 114.

Red Spider, The, 90.

Running Roses, 42.

Sawfly, 93.

Sarmentous Roses, 26.

Scotch Roses, 39.

Seed Parents, 156.

Seedling Roses, 177.

Similar Varieties, 165.

Soils, 71.

Solfaterre as a StocV, 46.

Stocks, 104.

Suckers, 103.

Sulphur, 89, 91.

Summer Roses, 28.

Sweet-Brier, The, 41.

Tea Roses, 63.

Technical Terms, 67.

Thrips, 91.

Tobacco, for Fumigating, 89.

Too-much-alike Roses, 162.

Typical Roses, 174.

Varieties for Special Purposes,

127.

When to Plant, 76.
White Grub, 94.
Yellow Roses, -4.

UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA LIBRAR
BERKELEY

Return to desk from which borrowed.
This book is DUE on the last date stamped belo1

R\

20

JAN

(VPR181955

LD 21-100m-9,'47(A5702sl6)476

YE 48543

M97495

THE UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA LIBRARY