QL
430.4
B497
1880
Moll.

al Bergh 1880

On Nudibranchiate Gastropod Mollusca of
North Pacific Ocean with special references
to those of Alaska

Second part

eae MCA ZN ai Hie: ct Alara? Ai KARA MAS he MAE

EX LIBRIS ?

Wilham Healey Dall

Division of Mollusks
Sectional Library

mn the Nadthranohiate Gastevoned Mollusca of the North Pacifico,

coe peewee + Pent he apyyernsia

with special reference to those c of Alaska. Second Part.

> Cl
Dah a

SCIENTIFIC RESULTS

OF THE

EXPLORATION OF ALASKA.

BY THE PARTIES UNDER THE CHARGE OF W. H. DALL,

/
DURING THE YEARS 1865-1874.

VOL. I.

ARTICLE VI. On the Nudibranchiate Gasteropod Mollusca of the North Pacific
Ocean, with special reference to those of Alaska. Second Part.

By Dr. Rupo_rga Bera, COPENHAGEN.

WASHENG TON, D. Cs

JANUARY, 1880.

“LDARE’S PRINTING HOUSE, 784 & 736 SANSOM $T., PHILADELPHIA.

ARTICLE VI.

ON THE NUDIBRANCHIATE GASTEROPOD MOLLUSCA OF THE NORIH
PACIFIC OCEAN, WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO THOSE OF ALASKA.

BY DR. R. BERGH, COPENHAGEN.

PART: If.

DIAULULA, Beh.
Diaulula, Beh., Malacolog. Unters. (Semper, Philipp. II, ii), Heft xiii, 1878,
p. 567; Heft xiv, 1878, p. xxxv. Gattungen nordischer Doriden, Arch.
f. Naturg., xxxv, 1, 1879, p. 343.

Forma corporis subdepressa. Dorsum minutissime villosum, holo-
sericeum, molle. Tentacula digitiformia. Apertura branchialis ro-
tundata, crenulata; folia branchialia tripinnata. Podarium antice
bilabiatum, labio superiore medio fisso.

Armatura labialis nulla. Lingua rhachide nuda, pleuris multiden-
tatis, dentibus hamatis. Prostata magua; penis inermis.

In their general form the Diaululx! somewhat resemble the Disco-
dorides and the Thordise,? although their habitus still is peculiar.
The back is villous, as in these genera and especially as in the Thor-
disez, but finer and more velvet-like. The tentacles are finger-shaped,
smaller than in the Discodorides, larger than in the Thordise. The
branchial-slit is rounded, crenulated; the branchial leaves tripinnate.
The anterior margin of the foot bilobed, the upper lip broader, with a
median fissure. As in the Zhordise, there is no armature of the
lip-disk. The radula nearly agrees with that of the Discodorides;
the rhachis is naked; on the pleure there is a rather broad series of
plates of the usual hook-shape. The stomach is enclosed in the liver
(not free, as in the Discodorides and in the Thordisx). As in the
Discodorides, there is a large prostate and an unarmed penis.

Only the following species appears to be hitherto known, from the
northern Pacific.

1. D. Sandtegensis (Cooper).

1 Diaulus, medicus, cf. Martialis, I, 48, p. 40.
* Cf. my Malacolog. Untersuch. (Semper, Pun TI, ii), Heft xii, 1877,
p. 518, (Discodoris) ; p. 540 ( Thordisa).
(189)

190 ‘ SCIENTIFIC RESULTS OF THE

1. D. Sandiegensis, Cooper. Plate V, fig. 3-9.

Doris (Actinocyclus?) Sandiegensis, Cooper, Proc. of the California
Acad. of Nat. Sciences, ii (1862), 1863, p. 204;1 iii (1863); 1868, p. 58.

Color corporis e brunneo lutescens, annulis nigris maculatus; vel
brunneus.

Habitat. Oceanum Pacificum orient. (San Diego Bay; Santa Bar-
bara; Sitka Harbor; Puget Sound).

According to Cooper, numerous specimens of this species were
found from November to May among grass on mud flats in San Diego
Bay, at or near low water mark; according to Cooper, it is a very
“active” species; Cooper later obtainéd two specimens at Santa Bar- *
bara Island, on rocks at low water. During the expedition to Alaska
a specimen was taken by Dall in Sitka Harbor, on alge, in August,
1865, at the depth of six fathoms (another in August, 1873, in Puget
Sound, by Dr. Kennerly, on algz, at low water).

Through the kindness of Dall, I have seen the original (rather
rough) drawings of this species by Cooper; a colored one represents
the back bright chocolate-brown, with six black rings, of which there
are two smaller ones between the rhinophoria; the rhinophoria, the
gill and the foot seem bright-yellowish ; one figure shows five, another
six branchial leaves.

The length of the first specimen, sent to me preserved in spirits,
was about 22.0 mm., the height reaching 9.0 mm., and the breadth
13.0 mm.; the breadth of the foot reached 10.0 mm., the height of
the rhinophoria 2.0 mm., the branchial leaves 3.3 mm. The color
was uniformly brownish-gray ; nearly symmetrically on each side of
the true back was an annular black spot.

The form of the rather soft body elongate-oval, not much depressed.
The head quite concealed between the mantle and the foot; the
outer mouth had the form of a vertical slit; at each side a short
finger-shaped tentacle. The margin of the rather large rhinophor-
holes rather prominent, crenulate; the rhinophoria strong, the club

1 «Pale brownish-yellow, with large, annular, brown spots, irregularly
scattered, varying from twelve, to twenty, or entirely brown. Surface
slightly rough ; sometimes a little tuberculated. Dorsal tentacles conical,
retractile ; branchiz large, rising in five parts, which become tripinnately
divided, expanding so as to cover the posterior third of the body like an
umbrella. Mouth proboscidiform, with two short lateral tentacles. Length,
3} inches ; breadth, 2} inches; height, } inch.— CoorEr, 1. ¢.

EXPLORATION OF ALASKA. 191

with about thirty leaves (on each side). The back all over minutely
and densely villous (fig.3). The margin of the rather wide (5.0 mm.),
roundish branchial aperture like the margin of the rhinophor-holes,
prominent, finely crenulate; the branchial leaves (retracted) six in
number, very strong, tri- or quadripinnate. The anus strong, about 1.5
mm. high, cylindrical, closing the branchial ring posteriorly ; the renal
pore as usual. The edge of the mantle rather thick, projecting about
2.0 mm. from the body; the sides low. ‘The genital opening as
usual, with two distinct apertures at the bottom. The foot strong,
broad, somewhat narrower towards both ends; in the anterior margin
a strong furrow, towards the median line deeper and forming two lips;
the superior broader and divided in the median line.

The cerebro-visceral ganglia kidney-shaped, the visceral larger than
the cerebral; the pedal of roundish contour, scarcely larger than the
visceral. The buccal ganglia of oval form, connected by a short
commissure; the gastro-cesophageal roundish, short-stalked, in size
about one-fifth of the former, with one very large and one large cell.

The eyes short-stalked, with black pigment and yellowish lens. The
otocysts scarcely smaller than the eyes, overcrowded with otokonia of
the usual kind. The leaves of the rhinophoria strengthened with long,
perpendicular spicula, calcified at the surface. The tentacula with a
mass of shorter, but otherwise similar spicules, lying irregularly.
The villi of the back closely set with perpendicular spicula (tig. 3).
The anal papilla with long, perpendicular spicules; the stalk of the
branchial leaves with many shorter spicula, irregularly situated; in the
leaves themselves were no spicules. In the interstitial connective
tissue large spicules were seen rather sparsely.

The oral tube was about 1.5 mm. long, wide, with strong longitudi-
nal folds. The bulbus pharyngeus only about 4.0 mm. long, by a
height of 2.0 mm., and a breadth of 4.0 mm.; the rasp-sheath very
_ prominent on the hinder part of the under side of the bulbus; the
inner mouth with a yellowish, not thin, cuticula. The tongue with
rine rows of teeth, in the rasp-sheath also eleven rows of developed
and two of not quite developed teeth, the total number thus being
twenty-two. In the posterior rows of the tongue the number of plates
was twenty-eight or twenty-nine, on each side, and seemed in the suc-
ceeding rows not to surpass thirty. The color of the teeth horn-
yellowish ; the height of the outermost 0.06 to 0.08 mm., the height
rising to about 0.18 mm. ‘The form of the teeth as usual; the wing
rather narrow; the innermost (fig. 5aa, b) not very different from the

192 SCIENTIFIC RESULTS OF THE

others (fig. 5, 6), the body of the outermost three or four (fig. 4aa, 7),
as usual, of reduced size.

The glandulz salivales (5.0 or 6.0 mm.) long, in the anterior part
about one-third larger than in the rest, measuring 1.0 mm. in diameter,
yellowish ; in the rest of the length much narrower, whitish.

The cesophagus is about 9.0 mm. long, rather wide. The stomach
is included in the liver, not spacious. ‘The intestine appears on the
surface of the liver in the usual manner, passing forwards, forming a
short flexure, and running straight backwards to the anal tube, which
has ‘in its interior many fine longitudinal folds; the total length of the
intestine about 20.0 mm., with fine longitudinal folds through its whole
length. The cavity was empty. The liver yellowish, about 17.0 mm.
long, by a breadth of 8.0 mm., and a height of about 6.0 or 7.0 mm. ;
the anterior end truncate, the posterior end rounded ; on the right side
of the forepart a flattened impression for the anterior genital mass.
The vesica fellea, as usual, behind and at the left side of the pylorus,
elongate-pyriform, grayish, taken together with its duct about 2.5 mm.
in length.

The heart as usual. The two gland. sanguinee as usual, whitish ;
the foremost more triangular, about 3.5 mm. long; the posterior
broader, about 2.0 mm. long.

The gland. hermaphrodisiaca with a rather thick yellow layer
clothing the greater part of the surface of the liver (except the pos-
terior end); in the lobules of the organ were rather large odgene cells
and masses of zoJsperms. The anterior genital mass large, com-
pressed, about 10.0 mm. long, by a height of 6.3 mm., and a breadth
of 3.0mm. ‘The ampulla of the hermaphroditic duct strong, grayish,
when unrolled about 25:0 mm. long, somewhat coiled on the anterior
end of the left side of the mass and on its inferior flattened edge be-
hind the large prostate; it reaches a diameter of 1.2 mm. The male
branch of the ampulla (fig. 8a) thin, white, passing into the narrow
inferior end of the prostate, thus forms the fore-end of the whole
genital mass. The prostate (fig. 8b) is of dirty yellow color, flattened
and irregularly pyriform, the length about 6.3 mm., by a breadth of
as much as 3.0 mm.; the spermatoduct (fig. 8c) issuing from the
upper part of the posterior side of the gland, in its first thicker part
nearly as long as the prostate; in the rest of its length thinner, mak-
ing several coils and passing (fig. 9a) into the male organ. ‘The re-
tracted penis (fig. 8d) strong, about 2.5 mm. long, the preputium with
fine longitudinal folds (fig. 9), from the uperture upwards and nearly

EXPLORATION OF ALASKA. 193

filled by the glans, which had nearly the form of a human penis, with
a well developed head with round aperture; this head seemed covered
with very small, low and rounded, soft papilla. The spermatotheca
were whitish, spherical, of the diameter of about 2.5 mm., filled with
epithelium, fatty matter and altered semen; the chief duct a little
longer than the spermatotheca, gradually passing into the simple
vagina, that was about half as much in length (and was filled with
sperma). The spermatocysta of violet-gray color, somewhat flattened,
of oval outline, of the length of about 2.3 mm., filled with sperma.
The posterior half, or a little less, of the large mucous and albuminous
gland, chalk-white ; the anterior, more than half, of grayish or (on
the left side) yellowish color; the structure as usual.

A variety of the species (according to Dall, it also belongs to this
species) was, moreover, obtained by Dr. Kennerly, in August, 1873,
on alge, at low water, in Puget Sound, Washington Territory
(fig. 6-9).

The single individual was rather large; the length 40.0 mm., by a
breadth of 28.0 mm., and a height of 13.0 mm.; the breadth of the
foot 15.0 mm., of the margin of the mantle 11.0 mm.; the height of
the rhinophoria 5.0 mm., of the branchial leaves nearly 5.0 mm. The
color of the upper side obscure olive-gray, with rather large (diameter
about 4.0 mm.) black and blackish spots; the under side yellowish.
The general form and the head, with the tentacles, as above described.
The openings of the rhinophor-holes as above, the club with about
twenty five leaves. The branchial opening as above (diameter, 3.5
mm.); the retracted branchial leaves six in number; the anal tube
nearly 3.0 mm. high. The back villous, as in the typical individual.
The foot as above.

The peritoneum colorless, without larger spicula; but in the region
of the ventricle of the heart the pericardium is brownish.

.The central nervous system as above; the proximal olfactory
ganglia bulbiform, a little larger than the buccal; the distal ones
smaller than the proximal, at the root of the club of the rhinophoria.
The buccal ganglia of oval form; the commissure between them
being about one-third of the largest diameter of the ganglia. The eyes,
the octocysts, the leaves of the rhinophoria and the villi of the back as
above.

The oral tube large, of a length and diameter of 40 mm. The
bulbus pharyngeus 4.0 mm. long, by a height of 4 and a breadth of
3.5 mm.; the sheath of the radula less prominent than in the former

194 SCIENTIFIC RESULTS OF THE

specimen ; the cuticula of the lip disk as above. The tongue with
ten rows of plates, further back eleven developed and two younger
rows, the total number thus twenty-three. In the posterior rows of
the tongue there were as many as thirty-four dental plates on each
side of the rhachis ; they resembled those above described (fig. 6, 7).

The salivary glands yellowish, ribbon-shaped. The stomach as
above. The anteriorly proceeding part of the intestine 7.0 mm. long,
by a diameter of about 2.0 mm.; the receding part about 20.0 mm.
long, by a diameter of 1.5 mm. In the stomach and the rectum were
pieces of a Keratospongia and different Diatomacea. The liver 23.0
mm. long, by a breadth and a height of 11.0 mm.; the anterior end
truncate, with a median deep and narrow slit for the cesophagus and
for the intestine; the right anterior half of the liver rather excavated,
especially beneath; the substance of. the liver yellow.

The foremost glandula sanguinea about 4.5 mm. long, by a breadth
of 2.5 ; the posterior 4.0 mm. long, by a breadth of 2.5 mm.; both very
flattened (about 0.8 mm. thick), grayish-yellow. The kidney with its
whitish network, contrasting prettily with the yolk-yellow hermaphro-
ditic gland; the urinary chamber not wide; the tube on its floor thin.

The hermaphroditic gland clothing nearly the whole liver (with its
posterior end), as in the former specimen. ‘The anterior genital mass
about 11.5 mm. long, by a height of 9.5 and a breadth of 5.0 mm., the
ducts also projecting 3.0 mm. .The ampulla of the hermaphroditic duct
yellowish-white, about 35.0 mm. long, by adiameter of 1.25 mm., run-
ning across the upper part of the left side of the genital mass, and
forming several windings on the anterior part of the upper margin.

The large prostate as above (fig. 80), dirty yellow; 7.5 mm. long,
by a diameter at the upper end of about 4.0 mm.; the part (fig? 8c),
from which the spermatoduct proceeds, much brighter than the rest of
the organ. The thin spermatoduct forming (fig. 8) a little coil at the
upper end of the penis; when unrolled about 12 mm. long. This last.
(fig. 8d, 9) organ strong, about 4.0 mm. long, by a diameter of 1.5
mm.; the prominent orifice in the vestibulim (fig. 8e) with strong
longitudinal folds; the glans conical, filling nearly half (fig. 9) of the
cavity of the organ, the surface (under a power of 850) smooth. The
spermatotheca whitish, spherical, with a diameter of 3.5 mm.; the
spermatocysta short, sausage-shaped, about 4 0 mm. long, of reddish-
yellow color. The duct from the spermatotheca to the vagina rather
thick, 3.5 mm. long; the vagina larger than the penis, 6.0 mm. long,
by a diameter of 2.5; the inside with fine longitudinal folds, and with

EXPLORATION OF ALASKA. 195

sperma in the cavity. The mucous gland large, 9.0 mm. long, by a
height of 7.5 and a thickness of 4.0 mm.; whitish, yellowish chalk-
white and yolk-yellow; the duct rather short, with the usual strong
fold. The vestibulum with longitudinal folds.

JORUNNA, Bergh. '
Jorunna, Bgh., Malacolog. Unters. (Semper, Philipp. I, ii) Heft x, 1876,
p. 414, note. Gatt. nord. Doriden, Arch. fiir Naturges., xxxv, i, 1879,
p- 346, .

Corpus subdepressum ; dorsum minutissime granulatum, sub-asperum,
branchia e foliis tripinnatis formata ; tentacula digitiformia; poda-
rium sat latum, margine anteriore sulcatum, labio superiore latiore et
medio fisso.

Armatura labialis nulla. Radula rhachide nuda, pleuris multiden-
tatis, dentibus hamatis. Penis stylo armatus; glandula et hasta
amatoria.

This genus was established by the author on the D. Johnstoni (1876)
in reference to the results of the anatomical examination of Hancock
and Embleton; he regarded it as nearly allied to the Kentrodorides,
just founded by him.! After the present examination of the D. John-
stont by the author he is not entirely certain of a generic difference
between the Jorunne and the Kentrodorides. The latter have been
examined only from rather insufficient material, and the hasta has not
been seen in any of the species, only a papilla in connection with a
peculiar gland; still the Kentrodorides are of a quite different habitus,
very soft, and the upper lip of the anterior margin of the foot is more de-
veloped, while the innermost plate of the tongue is somewhat different
from the others. If not identical with the Kentrodorides, the Jorunne
are certainly very nearly allied to them. ;

The Jorunne are rather depressed; the back finely granulated,
covered with equal minute papillule; the retractile gill formed of tri-
pinnate leaves; the tentacles digitiform ; the foot rather broad, deeply
grooved in the front margin, and the upper lip of this larger and cleft
in the middle line. The lip-disk not armed, covered with a simple
cuticula. The rhachis of the radula naked, the pleure with many
hook-formed plates. In the vestibulum genitale are four apertures :

' R. Bergh, Malacolog. Unters. (Semper, Philipp. II, ii) Heft x, 1876,
p. 413-427, Tab. XLIX-LI.
» Jorunna, Bjornis filia. Laxdila-Saga. Hafnize, 1826, p. 21.

‘

196 SCIENTIFIC RESULTS OF THE

one for the penis, which is armed with a stylus; another for a hasta
amatoria, through which opens a peculiar gland (quite as in the genus
Asteronotus) ;! a third for the vagina, and the fourth for the duct of
the mucous gland.

Only one species of the genus seems hitherto known, belonging to
the northern part of the Atlantic Ocean. The spawn of the species
is known from Alder and Hancock, but nothing else is known of the
biology of the animal.

1. J. Johnstoni (A. et H.).
Doris Johnstoni, A. et H. Oceanum Atlantic. septentr.

Jorunna Johnstoni (A.et H.). Plate VIII, fig. 19; Plate IX, fig. 1-11.

Doris Johnstoni, Alder et Hance. Monogr. Part I, 1845, fam. 1, P1.5; Part
We, i8ad. dam. Pl, f. 6-04.

Doris Johnstoni, Hanc. et Embleton, Anat. of Doris. Philos. Trans. 1852,
MM. 2127210; 216 220 pcos. el we te LO eleanor LOn
Pl. XV, f. 1-2; pl. XVII, f. 2-3.

Doris Johnstoni, Forbes and Hanley, Hist. of Br. Moll., III, 1853, p. 564.

? Doris tomentosa, Cuv., Fischer. Journ. de Conchyl., 3me Sér., x, 1870,
p. 290-293 ; XV, 1875, p. 211, note.

? Doris tomentosa, C. Verany, catalogo. 1846, p. 16-21. Ver., Hane. et
Embleton, 1. c. 1852, p. 220.?

? Doris tomentosa, C. Philippi, En. Moll. Sic. I., 183, p. 104; II, 1844, p.
79, Tab. XIX, f. 9.

Color flavescens, dorso interdum maculis fuscis seriatis ornatus ;
rhinophoria fusco-maculata ; branchia albescens.
4, .
Hab. Oceanum Atlanticum septentr.

This species, that was first described by Johnston under the name
of D. obvelata (Muller), was (1845) established by Alder and Han-
cock. Hancock gave a series of anatomical remarks upon this very
interesting form and of figures referable to it. Since then nothing
new seems to have been published about the species ; but a few months
ago I (J. c¢.) gave a short notice of the generic characters of the
group.

Of this form I have only examined a single specimen, captured in
March, 1870, in the neighborhood of Hellebik, on the north coast of
Seeland (Denmark).

1 R. Bergh, Ueber das Geschlecht Asteronotus, Ehrbg. Jahrb, der Deut-
schen Malakozool. Ges., iv, 1877, p. 161-1738, Taf. I-II.

2 According to Hancock and Embleton (1. ¢., p. 220), the dart (hasta
amatoria) in Dorts Johnstoni is straight, in D. tomentosa, Ver., curved.

EXPLORATION OF ALASKA. TSi

The specimen was of a uniform yellowish color; the rhinophoria
finely dotted with brown (but not the branchial leaves). The length
of the rather contracted and somewhat contorted individual was about
18.0 mm. by a greatest breadth of 10.0 and a height of about 7.0 mm.
the height of the (retracted) rhinophoria 2.5, of the tentacles ae
1.5; of ai (retracted) gill 2.5 mm. ; the greatest breadth of the mantle-
margin 3.5 mm., of the foot 5 0 mm.

The form is sibonaes oval, the mantle-margin rather thick, not very
broad. The back covered all over with very minute granules, some-
times, especially on the middle of the back, crowded in irregular and
roundish small groups; the under side of the mantle-margin smooth.
The (contracted) openings of the rhinozhor-holes appear as a simple
transverse slit, the granules of the back reaching forward to the open-
ing, those in this neighborhood not larger than the rest. The club of
the rhinophoria stout, with about thirty! broad leaves. The opening of
the gill-cavity small, transverse, triangular-crescentic, with the convexity
forwards (as contracted) ; the granules of the back reaching to the very
margin of the gill-slit, but not larger than the rest. The gill consisting
of eleven branchial leaves,” five lateral pairs and an anterior unpaired
leaf; the anal tube low, truncate, nearly central; the renal pore at its
right side. The head rather small; the tentacles digitiform, somewhat
flattened. The sides of the body nearly imperceptible; the genital
opening contracted.3 The foot rather strong, somewhat pointed at the
end; the anterior margin with a deep furrow, the superior lip rather
strong and prominent, cleft in the median line.

The peritoneum with very fine dark points (brown-black) spread
everywhere ; entirely without true spicules.

The central, nervous system showed the cerebro-visceral ganglia
somewhat elongate, thicker and broader in the pesterior part, nearly
not excavated in the exterior margin; the pedal ones of oval form,
larger than the visceral. The olfactory ganglia very short-stalked,
bulbiform, a little smaller than the buccal; a small optic ganglion, the
optic nerve short. At the inferior side of the posterior part of the
right visceral (fig 1a) ganglion is a short-stalked (fig. 15) ganglion
genitale giving off several nerves, one of them has at its root another
ganglion (fig. lc). The common commissure not longer than the

1 Alder and Hancock mention merely ten to fifteen leaves.

» Alder and Hancock mention fifteen leaves.

3 The representation of the penis (?) (1. ¢. Pl. 5, f. 3) by Alder and Han-
cock cannot be correct.

198 SCIENTIFIC RESULTS OF THE

transverse diameter of the pedal ganglion, rather strong. The buccal
ganglia of roundish form, connected through a very short commissure ;
the gastro-cesophageal ganglia short-stalked, reaching scarcely one-
quarter of the size of the former, with one very large and some
smaller cells.’

The eyes with black pigment and shining, horn-yellow lens. The
otocysts at the slight emargination at the outer margin of the cerebro-
visceral ganglia, crammed with otokonia of the usual kind. The broad
leaves of the rhinophoria stiffened in the usual way by long, much
calcified spicula, perpendicular on the free margin of the leaves. The
skin of the back crowded with spicula,? mostly very large and much
calcified; in the rather low (height 0.5 mm.) granules (fig. 2) crowded
erect spicules. In the insterstitial tissue of the intestines true spicula
are neither many nor large.

The mouth-tube about 2.0 mm. long, strong, rather wide, quite as
usual. The bulbus pharyngeus 3.0 mm. long, with a height of 2.3
and reaching a breadth of 2.5 mm.; the rasp-sheath also projecting
1.0 mm. from the hindermost part of the under side of the bulbus. The
form of, the bulbus and its retractors as usual; the lip-disk whitish,
clothed with a yellowish cuticula. The tongue of usual form; on the
shining horny-yellow radula eleven rows of teeth, further backwards
twelve developed and four younger rows; the total number of rows
thus twenty-seven.’ The teeth of yellowish color; the height of the
outermost 0.06, of the next 0.08 mm.; the height reaches at most
about 0.22 mm. The two foremost rows were rather incomplete, in
the fourth row were twenty-four, and the number of teeth then in-
creases to twenty-seven. The rhachis (fig. 3a) rather broad. The
plates of the usual form,’ with the usual wing-like expansion of the
exterior part of the body and of the root of the hook (figs. 4, 5); the
first (fig. 3) with lower hook, which on the succeeding teeth slowly

! This representation of the central nervous system in most points agrees
with that of Hancock and Embleton (1. ¢. p. 233, Pl. XVII, fig. 2, 3).

2 Collingwood (Annals and Mag. of N. Hist., 3 Ser., III, 1859, p. 462)
mentions the spicules of this species (from the estuary of the Mersey) as
‘‘very elegant, consisting of a broad embossed plate with a double and
beautifully serrated edge, terminating abruptly in a blunt apex.”’

* Alder and Hancock mention twenty-four rows, whereof eleven were on
the tongue. ;

* Alder and Hancock mention twenty-five plates in the rows.

5 Cf. my Malacolog. Unters. (Semper, Philipp. II, ii), Heft XIV., 1878,
(Asteronotus), p. 636,

EXPLORATION OF ALASKA. 199

increases in height ; then the teeth keep the same height and decrease
again in the outer part of the rows (fig. 5); the four to six interior
teeth are more erect, with shorter body and thinner hook (figs. 5, 6).

The salivary glands long, thin, whitish.! The csophagus about
6 mm. long, rather wide, with strong longitudinal folds.?, The stomach
small, included in the liver; the biliary apertures as usual.

The intestine issues through the liver behind the region of junc-
tion of the first and second third of the liver; the first anteriorly pro-
ceeding part lodged in a groove on the superior side of the liver, not
passing beyond the anterior margin of that organ, about 2.5 mm. in
length ; the rest of the intestine about 10.0 mm. in length; the diameter
of the intestine 0.8-1.3 mm.; the longitudinal folds rather strong.

The liver of yellowish color, more grayish on the surface; 9.0 mm.
in length, by a breadth of 5 5 and a height of 4.0 mm.; the posterior
end rounded ; more than the anterior half of the under side, especially
its right part, is excavated (for the anterior genital mass) and behind
this is a deep transverse groove. ‘The vesica fellea lying at the left
side of the offshoot of the intestine, rather small, in height about 1.25
mm., reaching nearly to the surface of the liver, nearly cylindrical.

The heart as usual. The sanguineous glands whitish, rather
flattened ; the anterior obliquely triangular with the point, as usual,
adhering to the under side of the junction of the two cerebral ganglia ;
in length 2.0 by a breadth of 1.5 mm.; the posterior transversely
elongate-oval, with a breadth of 3.5 by a length of 1.5 mm. The
renal syrinx melon-shaped, its largest diameter about 0.75 mm. ; its
free duct nearly three times as long; a strong continuation of it pass-
ing along the floor of the rather large renal chamber, to the region of
the pylorus.

The hermaphroditic gland spread in large groups of ramifications
over nearly the whole liver and by its brighter yellowish color some-
what contrasted with it; in its lobules were masses of zoisperms and
rather small ojgene cells. The anterior genital mass* in length 5.0 by
a breadth of 2.5 and a height of 4.0 mm.; the right side rather con-
vex, meeting the more flattened left side at the sharp superior margin,

1 They are in this way also mentioned by H. and E. (1. ¢., p. 215, Pl, XTi,
fig. 2ec).

* The dilatation on the cesophagus mentioned and figured by H. and E.
(1. ¢., p. 215, Pl. XII, fig. 24) could not be seen in the specimen examined
by me.

3 Cf. the Pl. XIV, f. 9, of Hancock and Embleton.

200 SCIENTIFIC RESULTS OF THE

the under side flattened. The ampulla of the hermaphroditic gland
resting on the superior posterior part of the genital mass, whitish,
making a large curve, about 5.0 mm. long, with a diameter of nearly
1.5mm. The spermatoduct in its first part, as near as could be de-
termined, rather thick than thin, not very long, forming (fig. lle, Te) |
a little coil on the upper end of the penis. The penis (fig. 7f/) cylin-
drical, curved, about 2.5 mm. long, by a diameter of about 0.8 mm. ;
the inside with many longitudinal folds; at the upper end of its cavity
a low truncated conical prominence (fig. 110), with a rather wide
aperture (fig. 114), through which opens a little bag (fig. 11), whose
inside was clothed with a thin yellowish cuticula, and contained a
hollow, nearly colorless tube, that could be extended by tension ; it
was probably pointed (the point seemed broken off) ; its length was
about 0.9 mm.; the spermatoduct opened (fig. lla) in the upper part
of this bag. Hancock has (1. ce. Pl. XIV, fig. 9c, 10; Pl. XV, fig.
1, 2) seen the penis and the “stiletto,” but he too seems (1. ¢. p. 220)
not at all clear about these organs. At the side of the opening for
the penis in the vestibulum genitale was another aperture which led
into a bag, from whose bottom projected a hard, whitish, somewhat
compressed conical spur (fig. Td, 10), that under the influence of nitric
acid grew more pellucid, but developed very little gas; through the
axis of the organ down to the fine aperture on the point, passes a
slender tube (fig. 10), the continuation of the fine coiled duct of the
gland of the organ.' This gland (glandula hastatoria, fig. Te, 8d)
overlies the upper part of the vagina (fig. Ta, 6); it is heart-shaped,
of a transverse diameter (breadth) of 2.0, and a thickness of 1.0 mm.;
the gland did not contain any larger cavity. The spermatotheca (fig.
8a) whitish, nearly spherical, having a largest diameter of 2.5 mm. ;
filled with fatty cells and detritus ; the two ducts (fig. 8c,e) as usual,
the vagina rather wide (fig. Ta, 6), with longitudinal folds on the in-
side. The spermatocysta yellowish, spherical, 1.5 mm. in diameter
(fig. 86), filled with zoUsperms; short-stalked. The mucous gland
not forming quite half of the anterior genital mass, consisting of a
smaller anterior biconvex part, and a large flattened wing-like poste-
rior part; the space between them nearly filled by the spermatotheca

1 These organs, the gland and the spur, have also been seen (1. ¢., PI.
XV, fig. 9) by Hancock, but he does not mention them (in the text, and
explanation of the figures). In another of his figures (fig. 105) the spur
is designated (1. c., p. 248) as ‘‘male intromittent organ,’ and the (fig.
1Ce, f) tine penis as ‘* penis-like organ furnished with a stiletto ”

EXPLORATION OF ALASKA. 201

and the spermatocysta, the color of the gland yellowish-white, on the
left side of the anterior part a central yellow mass; the duct of
the mucous gland rather short.

All the former genera of Doridide belonged to the large group of
Doridide cryptobranchiate ;! the following are to be registered in the
group of Doridide eleutherobranchiate (D. phanerobranchiate).
This section is also characterized by the non-retractility of the gill,
by a sucking-crop connected with the bulbus pharyngeus and by a
peculiar armature of the tongue, consisting usually of a single large
lateral plate and a single or several outer plates. This group seems
chiefly limited to northern climes, and contains at present the genera
Akiodoris, Acanthodoris, Adalaria, Lamellidoris, Goniodoris and
Doridunculus,? also Ancula, Drepania’ and Idalia.

AKIODORIS, Bergh.
Akiodoris, Bgh. Gattungen nordischer Doridey, 1. c., 1879, p. 354.

Forma ut in Lamellidoridibus. Notheum supra granulosum.
Branchia non retractilis, e foliis tripinnatis non multis et ad modum
ferri equini positis formata. Caput latum, veliforme; tentaculis
brevibus, lobiformibus. Aperture rhinophoriales integra.

Discus labialis sine armatura. Ingluvies buccalis bulbo connata.
Radula rhachide quasi nuda ; pleuris dentibus lateralibus depressis non
multis ; (12-13) quorum duo intimi fortiores, quasi subhamati. Penis
glande uncis simplicibus, furcatis vel palmatis armatus. Vagina in-
dumento valloso peculiari instructa.

The animals belonging to this group resemble externally especially
the Lamellidorides. The back is finely granulated; the head large,
veil-shaped, with short tentacles, which are lobate and pointed. The
openings of the rhinophor-holes with plain margins, surrounded by
several larger papille. The non retractile branchia nearly horseshoe-
shaped, consisting of a mediocre number of leaves. The lip-disk

' Cf. my ‘*Gattungen nordischer Doriden,”’ 1. ¢. p. 341.

2 The genus Doridunculus of G. O. Sars (Moll. regionis arctice Norveg.,
1878, p. 809. Tab. 27, fig. 2a-d, Tab. XIV, fig. 5), which externally ap-
proaches Goniodoris and other Doridida eleutherobranchiate in the char-
acter of the radula, is hitherto only known from the northeastern part of
the Atlantic (Lofoten), and by a single species (D. echinulatus, S.).

° In the Ancule and Drepanie the penis is armed as in so many Doridide
with a series of small hooks.

202 SCIENTIFIC RESULTS OF THE

without armature. The tongue with transverse thickenings of the
rhachis; the lateral plates somewhat depressed ; the two first different
from the rest, larger and with a denticle at the root of the hook ; the rest
without any such, the external quite without a hook. A sucking-crop
on the upper side of the bulbus pharyngeus, but sessile, depressed con-
ical, and not consisting of two symmetrical halves. The large
stomach free on the surface of the liver. The glans of the long
penis with a strong and quite peculiar armature, consisting of strong
hooks, partly simple, partly bifurcate and partly digitate, with strong
digitations. The vagina with a peculiar armature of high palisades.

This interesting genus externally most resembles the Lamellidorides,
both in reference to the nature of the back, to the form and size
of the gill and in the want of armature of the lip-disk; the region of
the openings of the rhinophor-holes differ in the want of a glabella
and by the presence of a larger number of surrounding papille. The
genital opening somewhat recalls the Acanthodorides, as do also the
(tripinnate) branchial leaves and the sucking-crop, but this is not
divided in two distinct halves as in this last genus. The armature
of the tongue is very different from that of the Lamedlidorides,
Adalariz and Acanthodorides ; the large hook-formed lateral plates
of these genera are wanting, and in their places are two large de-
pressed lateral plates, with small hooks; the external plates somewhat
recalling those of the Adalarix; the rhachis rather. broad, with
transverse thickenings of the cuticula, corresponding to the rows of
plates. In the very peculiar form of armature of the glans penis, and
by the peculiar clothing of the vagina, the Akiodorides differ from all
the above-cited genera.

Only a single species of the genus is hitherto known, the new one,
that will be described below.

1. Ak. lutescens, Bgh., n. sp. Oceanum Pacificum.

1. Ak. lutescens, Bgh., n. sp. Pl. IV, fig. 3; pl. V, fig. 11-14; pl. VI, fig. 1-20;
pl. VII, fig. 1-8; pl. VIII, fig. 1-2.
Color lutescens.
Habitat. Oceanum Pacificum septentrion. (Nazan Bay).

Of this form I have had a large single specimen for examination,
obtained in August, 1873, by Dall, on stony bottom, at low water, in
Nazan Bay, Atka Island, Aleutians.

According to Dall, the color of the living animal was “ yellowish-
white ;” preserved in spirits, it was of a uniform dirty yellowish color.

EXPLORATION OF ALASKA. 203

The length was 32.0 mm., by a breadth of 19.0 mm., and a height of
13.0 mm.; the breadth of the foot 12.5 mm., of the mantle-brim 3.0
mm.; the height of the rhinophoria 3.0 mm., of the branchial leaves
2.5 mm.; the length of the genital opening 2.25 mm.

The form was elongate-oval, somewhat larger than that of the Zam.
bilameliata. The papille of the back relatively smaller and more
rounded than in that animal. ‘The openings of the rhinophor-holes
an oblique oval slit; the margins plain; several (six to eight) larger®
papilla (of about 1.0 mm. in height) in the immediate vicinity of the
holes; the club of the rhinophoria with about thirty leaves. The
branchia with about ten leaves. The anal papilla low, with a stellate
aperture ; the renal orifice as usual; the interbranchial space crowded
with rather pointed and high papille. The head and tentacles as in
allied forms. The genital papilla of oval form, with a large, longitu-
dinal, crescentic slit. The rather broad foot with the usual anterior
marginal furrow. The peritoneum colorless, without spicula.

The central nervous system more flattened than in allied forms;
the cerebro-visceral ganglia reniform, a little broader in the anterior
part; the pedal ganglia less flattened than the former, larger than the
visceral ones, of oval form, on the outside of the cerebro-visceral. The
proximal olfactory ganglia a little smaller than the buccal ones, bulbi-
form; distal ganglia could not be found. The commissure not broad,
not short. The buccal ganglia of oval form, closely connected ; the:
gastro-cesophageal roundish, rather long-stalked, in size about one--
sixth of the former, with one large cell and several (three or four)
smaller ones.

The nervi optici rather long; the eyes with yellowish lens and
black pigment. The otocysts in the usual place, filled with otokonia
of the usual kind. The leaves of the club of the rhinophoria very
richly furnished with thick (diameter, 0.04 mm.) and long spicula,
more or less calcareous, and very often giving off a thick twig of
greater or less length (Pl. V, fig. 12); for the most part set perpen-
dicularly or obliquely on the free margin of the leaves. The axes of
the organs and the short stalk stuffed with strong and very much cal-
cified spicules. In the skin of the back a mass of spicula of the same
kind (Pl. IV, fig. 13) as above, or still more hardened ; the papille of
the back solidified in the usual way (Pl. V, fig. 11). In the interstitial
tissue fewer and smaller spicules.

The oral tube rather short, wide. The bulbus pharyngeus of usual

form, about 5.5 mm. long by a height of 4.5 mm., (and at the upper
2,

204 SCIENTIFIC RESULTS OF THE

part of the sucking-crop of 5.5 mm.), and a breadth of 4.75 mm. ;
the sheath of the radula projecting about 1.3 mm. backwards and
downwards. The lip-disk large, clothed with a thick yellow cuticula ;
the true mouth forming a narrow vertical slit. The cap-shaped suck-
ing-crop almost exactly as in 4c. pilosa, but more conical and with-
out external signs of duplication; on the inside clothed with a yellow-
ish cuticula, opening inio the buccal cavity through a wide slit. The
tongue rather broad; on the fine reddish-yellow colored radula seven-
teen rows of teeth, also on the point of the tongue were traces of six
entirely vanished rows; the two first rows very incomplete, reduced to
some external plates. Further backwards were seen forty-two devel-
oped and three younger rows, or, all in all, the animal presented sixty-
two rows of teeth. The most external plate of each row is quite
colorless, the next two or three pale yellowish, the following all of
horny-yellow color; the rhachis colorless. The length of the most
external plate about 0.035 mm., of the next- about 0.05 mm., of the
following 0.07 mm.; the length of the second large plate about 0.2
mm., of the first 0.022 mm.; the breadth of the rhachis about 0.22
mm. The rhachis thickened between the rows and forming arched
elevations between them (Pl. VI, fig. la, 3; Pl. VIII, fig. 1a). The
first two plates rather large (Pl. VI, fig. 1bb, cc, 4-6; PI. VIII, fig.
1b, c); with a short strong hook and a stout denticle at each side of
it, the outer denticle broader; the hook of the second plate somewhat
larger than that of the first; sometimes a slight crenulation on the
outer margin of the first plate (fig. 5). All the following ten or eleven
plates (Pl. VI, fig. 2e, 7; Pl. VIII, fig. 2a, b) of the same type, by
degrees decreasing in size, consisting of a quadrilateral basal part,
from which (Pl. VI, fig. 7-13), in most of them, rises a strong, short,
broad hook ; the two or three outmost plates (Pl. VI, fig. 2/; Pl. VIII,
fig. 2) formed of the basal part alone; the rest with the hook gradu-
ally more developed.

The salivary glands yellowish-white, flattened, ribbon-shaped, of
about 10.5 mm. in length, reaching to the cardia, where they
are agglutinated one to another; the breadth in the foremost part
about 0.75 mm.,, in the middle 1.5 mm., the posterjor part again some-
what narrower ; the duct of the gland rather short.

The csophagus rather wide, about 13.0 mm. long, the inside with
rather strong longitudinal folds ; it opens into the stomach, which lies
free in a cleft on the upper side of the liver. This organ (PI. VI, fig.
17a) is of oval form, of about 6.5 mm. largest diameter; the inside

EXPLORATION OF ALASKA. 205

with rather strong longitudinal folds; the pylorus (fig. 17) in the
neighborhood of the cardia. ‘The intestine advancing from the stom-
ach to the fore-end (fig. 17) of the liver, in this part about 10.0 mm.
long; forming a knee and retrograding to the anal nipple in a length
of 23.0 mm. The contents of the stomach were indeterminable animal
matter, mixed with some diatomacez.

The liver 20.0 mm. long by a height of 10.0 mm. and a breadth of
about 12.0 mm.; the posterior end rounded; a little more than the an-
terior half of the under side obliquely flattened (by the anterior genital
mass) showing the cardiac end of the cesophagus and the root of the
hermaphroditic duct. On the anterior part of the upper surface is a
cleft for the stomach and for the biliary sac; the color of the surface
and of the substance of the liver is grayish-yellow. The biliary sae
(fig. 17e) lying before the stomach, on the right side of the intestine,
large (as the stomach), somewhat flattened, grayish, of rounded out-
line and about 4.5 mm. largest diameter; the contents, as in the
stomach.

The heart as usual. The sanguineous gland whitish, entirely cover-
ing the nervous system, about 6.0 mm. long, by a breadth of 4.5 and a
heigit of only 1.0 mm.

The hermaphroditic gland yolk-yellow, covering the upper side of
the liver with a thick layer; in its lobes large ojgene cells and masses
of zo!sperms. The anterior genital mass large, about 14.0 mm. long
by a breadth of 9.0 and a height of 11.0 mm., flattened and a litile ex-
cavated on the left side, with an excavation on the fore side, the right
side very convex. The hermaphroditic duct whitish, rather thin
(diameter about 0.75-1.0 mm.), passing straight over the left side of
the genital mass to its anterior end, without formation of any (distinct)
ampulla. The first part of the spermatoduct whitish, forming several
long windings on the upper part of the forepart of the mass and pass-
ing into the yellowish (Pl. VI, fig. 18a) continuation; this, with its
numerous coils, forms a large flattened layer on the fore-end of the
right side of the mass; it then rather suddenly passes into a much
thinner whitish continuation (fig. 185) about 6 mm. long, that slopes
(fig. 18e) into the penis, which (retracted) was lying on the lowest
anterior part of the right side of the mass. The penis was cylindrical,
of the length of 11.0 mm. by a diameter of 1.5 mm.; the truncated,
cylindrical, yellowish (under a magnifier nodulous) glans forming
(Pl. V, fig. 13, 14) a prominence of the length of nearly 1.0 mm. in
the vestibulum. This glans was partly covered on the outer side

206 SCIENTIFIC RESULTS OF THE

(fig. 13, 14), but especially on the margin of the wide, gaping orifice
and on its inside for a length of about 4.0 mm. (Pl. VII, figs. 2-4),
with rather crowded and apparently irregularly set claws. The claws
were very strong and for the most part broad and high (fig. 3, 4),
even reaching a height of about 0.3 mm. (fig. 4). In the interior of
the glans, especially in its posterior part (fig. 5c), the claws were less
broad and simply uncinate or bifurcated, otherwise mostly broader and
with digitations of the margin. The body of the claws was plain or
curved; the end simply pointed, bi- or trifurcate or with digitations,
sometimes very strangely formed. They consisted of a cuticula and
its matrix; very often, especially on the outside of the glans, the
cuticula was torn off and the (fig. 20) rounded or pointed naked matrix
was left. The whitish spherical spermatotheca (Pl. VI, fig. 19a) was
about 3.5 mm. in diameter, laterally communicating through a short
- petiolus adhering to tne upper end of the vagina, with a sinuosity into
which opens the elongate, yellowish spermatocysta (fig. 196), which had
a length of about 2.0 mm., and from which issues the long duct of the
mucous gland (fig. 19¢). The grayish vagina very strong (fig, 18e),
about 7.0 mm. long, elongate-conical ; the lowest part wide, having a
diameter of about 3.25 mm.; the walls thick, with a very peculiar
internal lining, consisting of cylindrical palisades (Pl. VII, fig. 6-8)
of a height of about 0.4 by a greatest diameter of 0.07—0.08 mm. ;
between the larger were seen smaller and very small ones. The pali-
sades seemed to be densely clothed (fig. 8) with cilia, and showed a
nearly colorless axis (fig. 6, 8) up to their points ; the axes were often
denuded (fig. 6) after the sheath has been torn away. ‘This lining
continued up to the superior end of the vagina, but not beyond it.

The mucous gland large, whitish, and yellowish-white ; the anterior
half yolk-yellow, denuded on the fore-end of the genital mass ; the duct
short.

A variety (Pl. VI, fig. 14-20) of this species has also been found
by Dall, in July, 1873, at low water, in Kyska Harbor (Aleutians).
According to Dail the color of the living animal was “yellowish.” The
animal preserved in spirits was of.a uniform light yellowish color. ‘The
leneth about 18.0 mm. by a breadth reaching 8.0 mm. and a height of
6.0 mm.; the breadth of the foot at the fore-end 5.0 mm., the margin
of the mantle freely projecting 1.5 mm.; the height of the rhinophoria
1.5 mm., of the branchial leaves 1.6 mm. Around the plain margins
of the rhinophor-holes seven to nine large conical tubercles ; the club
of the rhinophoria with about twenty leaves Around the branchial

ho

EXPLORATION OF ALASKA. OT
ring, as well as in the centre of it around the vent, rather large conical
tubercles 1.5 mm. in height; the branchial leaves, fifteen in number,
as far as could be determined.

The oral tube strong, 4.5 mm. long, wide. The bulbus pharyngeus
about 5.5 mm. long, by a height of 3.0, and a breadth of 3.75 mm. ;
the rasp-sheath about 1.75 mm., freely projecting, bent upwards. The
cuticula of the lip-disk yellowish. The tongue with about thirty-five
rows of plates (fig. 14-16) ; further backwards, twenty-five developed
and four younger rows; the total number of rows sixty-four. On the
posterior part of the tongue fourteen plates, the number increasing
backwards to fifteen or sixteen. The five anterior rows very incom-
plete, only represented by 1, 7, 9, 10, 12 plates (on each side). The
plates as above. The breadth of the rhachis reaching to about 0.17 mm.
The glandulx salivales 6.0 mm. long. The stomach (fig. 17a) about
4.0 mm. long. The contents of the digestive cavity a mass of sponge.
The vesiea fellea (fig. 17¢c) about 2.5 mm. high, with strong folds on
the inside. The anterior genital mass quite as above, also the sper-
matotheca and the spermatocysta (fig. 19), the penis (fig. 18, 20), and
the vagina (fig. 18, 19).

LAMELLIDORIS, Alder et Hancock.

Lamellidoris, A. et H., Monogr. Brit. Nudibr. Moll., Part VII, 1855, p. xvii.

Lamellidoris, A. et H., R. Bergh, Malacolog. Untersuch. (Semper, Philipp.
Il, ii), Heft xiv, 1878, p. 608-615.

Lamellidoris, A. et H., R. Bergh, Gatt. nérd. Doriden, 1. ¢., 1879, p.
362-365.

Corpus vix depressum, nothwo granulato. Branchia (non retracti-
lis) e foliis (multis) simplicita pinnatis, ut plurimum in formam ferri
equini dispositis, formata. Caput latum, semilunare, angulis tentacu-
laribus. Aperture rhinophoriales, margine integro; tuberculis anticis
2-5, calvitie postica.

Cuticula aperture oralis infra asserculis duobus incrassata, et ante
annulus papillarum angustus. Lingua rhachide lamellis humilibus in-
structa; pleuris dente interno hamiformi permagno et externo com-
presso lamelliformi unco minuto predito armatis. Ingluvies buccalis
(suctoria) petiolo bulbo pharyngeo connata, tympaniformis.

Penis apice (glande) curvatus, non armatus. Vagina brevis.

The genus Lamellidoris was established (1855) by Alder and Han-
cock, to receive two small groups of Doridid, one with the D. bilam-
ellata as type, to which especially the name of the group is here

208 SCIENTIFIC RESULTS OF THE

restricted ; and the other, characterized by a more depressed form and
the naked rhachis of the tongue, with the D. depressa, A. et H., as
type. Hancock has given some anatomical remarks on the typical
form (D. bilamellata, L.); but nothing else had been since made
known about these animals! until my just cited notice and those of G.
O. Sars.”

The Lamellidorides approach the Acanthodorides, but differ even
here, externally, by the coarsely granulated surface of the back and
by the larger number of the branchial leaves, which are set in the
form of a horseshoe ; the openings of the rhinophor-holes, the tenta-
cles as well as the genital opening are also of a different shape.
More notable still are the anatomical differences; the Lamellidorides
want the armature of the lip-disk, which is found in the other group ;
the armature of the tongue is quite different (1, I—1—I, 1), and the -
buceal crop is connected with the bulbus pharyngeus by a stalk. The
penis is quite different from that of the Acanthodorides, and without
true armature ; the vagina is short. After all the Lamellidorides are
much more allied to the Adalarie.

The form of the body, as in the Acanthodorides, not very depressed.
The back covered all over with semi-globular and short club-formed
papille. The openings of the rhinophor-holes with plain margins and

1 According to H. & A. Adams (the Gen. of Recent Moll., I, 1858, p.
657), Lumellidoris is a synonym of ‘‘ Onchidoris, Blv.,’? which name is
employed by Adams for a group, whose type should be D, pusilla, A. et
H. (that scarcely belongs to the true Lamellidorides). Cf. also Gray,
Guide I, 1857, p. 207.

The genus Onchidoris of Blainville (Man. de Malac., 1825, p. 489,
Pl. XLVI, f: 8.), ought to be rejected entirely, as founded very likely only
‘on bad observation ; the genus figures with nearly impossible characters,
both in relation to the tentacles (‘‘ quatre tentacules comme dans les Doris,
outre deux appendices labiaux’’) and to the anus (‘‘médian a la partie
inférieure et postérieure du rebord du manteau’’). The type of the genus
Blainville found in the British Mus. (London), where it seemed to have
disappeared, at least it was not to be found in the collection of nudi-
branchiates which I looked over in May, 1873 (while, on the contrary, I
found the long-lost type of the genus Lingwella, Blv., in his original glass,
and so have re-established the denomination ZLinguella for the much later
(1861) Saneara, Bgh. Cf. my Malacolog. Unters., Heft vi, 1874, p. 248).
Later, Mr. Abraham (1. e. p. 223) seems to have found the original speci-
men again.

2 G. O. Sars, Moll. reg. arct. Norv., 1878, p. 306. Tab. XIII, figs. 5, 6;
Tab. XIV, fig. 2, 3.

EXPLORATION OF ALASKA. 209

commonly two larger papillae beforé and a bare space behind them.
The gill (not retractile) consisting chiefly of several (usually 20-30)
tripinnate leaves, set in the form of a horseshoe. The head large,
veil-formed (semilunar), with produced and pointed side-parts, which
are adherent to the foot nearly to the point. The genital openings
not being a slit, but on a large tubercle.

The cuticula of the oral aperture is thickened below, near the median
line, into a ledge; and on the outside is a ring of hard papille.
The buccal crop, connected through a petiolus with the foremost part
of the upper side of the bulbus pharyngeus, is drum-shaped ; on the in-
side clothed with a strong cuticula. The tongue has on the rhachis
short compressed lamellx, on each side of these is a very large up-
right plate with large compressed body and a hook which on the inside
is either plain or denticulated ; at the outside of this plate is another,
compressed but much smaller and with a little rudimentary hook. The
salivary glands forming a short, coiled mass at each side of the root
of the esophagus. The cesophagus without diverticle at its origin.
The spermatoduct (as in the Acanthodorides) very long; the penis
short, its glans curved and clothed with a rather thick cuticula, but
otherwise not armed. ‘The spermatocysta imbedded in the mucous
gland;! the vagina short.

About the biological relations of the animals belonging to this
group very little is hitherto known. Where the species occur, they
seem to be rather abundant in individuals (cf. about the Lam.
bilamellata, Collingwood, in Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., 3S. III, 1859, p.
463). The spawn of several species (L. bilamellata, L. diaphana, L.
tneonspicua, L. aspera, L. depressa, L. pusilla) has been described
by Alder and Hancock, and that of a single species (LZ. muricata) by
Sars, Meyer and Moebius, etc. The first stages of the development
of this last form have been followed by Sars 2

The group seems limited to the northern part of the Atlantic and
of the Pacific. ‘lo the same belong with certainty some properly ex-
amined species, and, besides, several others mentioned in the litera-
ture can, with more or less probability, be referred to it.

1 The spermatocysta has not been seen by Alder and Hancock. Cf. 1. ¢.,
1852. Pl. XIV, fig. 8 (p. 219).

* Archiv. fiir Naturges, 1849, p. 210, Tab. 7.

210 SCIENTIFIC RESULTS OF THE

A.
1. L. bilametiata (L.). Oc. Atlant,
2. L. varians, Bgh., n. sp. Oc. Pacif.
3. L. hystricina, Bgh., n. sp. Oc. Pacif:
4, L. murtcata (O. Fr. Miller). Oc. Pacif.
5. L. diaphana (Ald. et Hanc.). Oc. Atlant.

D. diaphana, A. et H., Monogr. Part ii, fam. 1, Pl. 10; Part vii, Pl.
46 suppl. fig. 9.
6. L. aspera (A. et H.).1 Oc. Atlant.
’ D. aspera, A. et H., 1. c., Part v, fam. 1, Pl. 2, fig..15; Part vi, fam.
1, Pl. 9, fig. 1-9; Part vii, Pl. 46, suppl. text ; Pl. 48, suppl. fig. 2.

B.

. sparsa (A. et H.). Oc. Atlant.
D. sparsa, A. et. H., 1. ¢., Part iv,’fam.1, Pl. 14; Partivii, Pl. 46,
suppl. text.
8. L. depressa (A. et H.). Oc. Atlant.
D. depressa, A. et H., 1. c., Part v, fam. 1, Pl. 12, fig. 1-8; Part vii,
Pl. 46, suppl. fig 12.
? Villiersia seutigera, d’Orb., Mag. de Zool., 1837" p. 15, Pl. 109, fig.
1-4.
9. L. inconspicua (A. et H.). Oc. Atlant. :
D. inconspicua, A. et H., 1. ¢., Part v, fam. 1 PI. 12, fig. 9-16; Part
vii, Pl. 46, suppl. fig. 13.
10. ZL. oblonga (A. et H.). Oc. Atlant.
D. oblonga, A. et H,, 1. :¢., Part v, fam. 1, Pl. 16, fig. 4-5; Part vii,
Pl. 46, suppl. fig. 10.
11. ZL. pusilla (A. et H.). Oc. Atlant.
D. pusilla, A. et H:,1.:¢.,-Part i, fam. 1, “Pl.d3); Parb wii, bas,
suppl. text ; app. p. iii.
12. ZL. luteocincta (M. Sars).2 Oc. Atlant.
13. L. (?) wlidiana (Thomps.). Oc. Atlant.
D. ulidiana, Th., Ann. Mag., Nat. Hist., xv, 18, p. 31.
D. ulidiana, Th., Ald. et Hane., 1. c., Part vii, p. 42, app. p. i.
14. Z. (?) tenella (Agassiz). Oc, Atlant.
D. tenella, Ag., Gould, Rep. on the Inv. of Massachusetts, ed. Binney,
1870, p. 229, Pl. xx, fig. 289, 290, 293.
15. DL. (2) pallida (Ag.). Oc. Atlant.
D. pallida, Ag., Gould, 1. c., p. 229, Pl. xx, fig. 284, 287, 288, 291.

a
Sy

1 According to Mérch (Synopsis Moll. mar. Daniz, Vidensk. Meddel. fra
naturh. Foren. i Kbhyn., 1871, p. 179) this species ought to be identical
with the D. muricata of Meyer and Moebius; but this is, of course, im-
possible.

2 The organs of the bulbus pharyngeus of this species have just been
figured by G. O. Sars (Moll. reg. arct. Norv., 1878, Tab. xiv, fig. 3).

EXPLORATION OF ALASKA. O11

16. ZL. (?) diademata (Ag.). Oc. Atlant.

D. diademata, Ag., Gould, 1. ¢., p. 230, Pl. xxi, fig. 298, 300, 301-304.
17. L. (2) grisea (Stimps.). Oc. Atlant. Gould, l.c., p. 282, Pl. xx, fig.

292, 295.
18. LZ. (?) derelicta (Fischer). Oc. Atlant.
"D. derelicta, F., Journ. de conchyl., xv, 1867, p. 7.

19. ZL. (2?) tuberculata (Hutton). Oc. Pacif. (Nova Zeland.).

Onchidorts tuberculatus, Hutton, ef. Abraham, 1. ¢., p. 226.
20. LZ. (?) eubalia (Fischer). Oc. Atlant.

Doris eubalia, F., Journ. de conchyl., xx, 1872, p. 10.

1. L. bilamellata (L.), var. prcifica. Plate V, fig. 10; Plate XI, fig. 3-9.

Color albido-flavescens, maculis fuscis plus minusve variegatus.
’ P g

Dentes laterales margine levi.

Hab. Oc. Pacific. sepentr. (Mar. Beringi).

Six specimens of this variety of the Atlantic species were taken by
Dall, in Bering Sea (Hagmeister Id.), in August, 1874, at low water,
on a gravel beach. Three were sacrificed for the anatomical examin-
ation. r

According to Dall, the color of the living animal was “ yellowish-
white with brown macule.”

The length of the specimens preserved in spirits was 11—13.0 mm.
by a height of 4.5-5 5 mm. and a breadth of 6-10.60 mm.; the height
of the rhinophoria 1.75-2.2, of the branchial leaves 1-1.2 mm.; the
breadth of the foot at the fore-end about 5-8.0 mm.; the margin of
the mantle projecting freely about 1.5-2.0 mm. The color of the
individuals on the back was yellow-white, marmorated with light
reddish-brown, this marbling always occupying the spaces between the
tubercles, which are nearly white (or light yellowish) ; the branchial
leaves of the same reddish color ; the club of the rhinophoria yellowish-
white ; the under side of the body yellowish-white or whitish.

The form was elongate-oval. ‘The head flattened, nearly semicircu-
lar, with the tentacular edges a little prominent. The vicinity of the
posterior margin of the rhinophor-holes plain, at the anterior two
large erect tubercles; the club of the rhinopheria with about twenty
leaves, the stem rather short. The back covered all over with semi-
globular and short club-shaped rounded tubercles of different sizes,
mostly small, mixed with many larger ones 0.75 mm. in diameter ; the
larger tubercles mostly showing a spinous surface (Pl. V, fig. 10)' when
magnified,

’ Cf. my “‘Malacolog. Unters.’ (Semper, II, ii) Tab. LXVIII, fig. 15-16.

212 SCIENTIFIC RESULTS OF THE

The openings of the rhinophor-holes and of the branchial area (fig.
366) surrounded by large and small tubercles which also were spread
over the central part of it (fig. 3). The branchial leaves (fig. 3aa) were
about twenty-four or twenty-five in number, set in a transverse reni-
form ring; the leaves in the front part much larger than the rest.
The anus as usual, scarcely projecting. The under side of the margin
of the mantle quite smooth. The genital openings always quite con-

tracted. The foot large, with a fine line along its anterior margin.

The cerebro-visceral ganglia short-reniform; the pedal ones not
much smaller, of oval form, set nearly at a right angle to the inferior
face of the former; the olfactory ganglia bulbiform or ovoid. The
buccal ganglia rather flattened, of roundish contour, a little larger than
the olfactory ones; the commissure between them very short; the
gastro-cesophageal ganglia not very short-stalked, roundish, in size
about one-quarter of the buccal ganglia, with three large cells. The
three commissures very distinct, the sub-cerebral and the pedal con-
nected throughout most of their length; the visceral thin, not giving
off a genital nerve.

The eyes with black pigment, yellowish lens; the nervus opticus
nearly as long as halt the breadth of the cerebral ganglion. The
otocysts as large as the eyes, crowded with otokenia of the usual kind.
The leaves of the rhinophoria without spicules ; the axis of these organs,
on the other hand, were filled with such spicules, partly circularly and
concentrically arranged. The tubercles of the back stuffed with ordi-
nary spicules (fig. 10) in the usual way, the larger spicules mostly very
prominent on the surface.

The oral tube as usual. The bulbus pharyngeus of the usual form,
about 2.0 mm. long ; the lip-disk with a rather thick yellowish cuticula,
and inwards with the same belt of (about ten to fifteen) rows of small
denticles as in the’ L. hystricina (cf. below) ; the sheath of the radula
somewhat bent upwards, freely projecting behind the bdulbus for as
creat a length as that of the bulbus itself. The tongue (in the three
individuals) with ten or eleven series of plates, in the sheath ten or
eleven developed and three younger rows ; the total number of rows being
thus twenty-four or twenty-five. The plates light yellowis in their
thicker parts, otherwise nearly colorless. The length of the median
plates reaching about 0.12 mm., the height of the external ones
0.10 mm. The median (fig. 7a) and exterior plates (fig. 72) quite as
usual ; the large ones of the usual forms (fig. 75’, sometimes, especially

EXPLORATION OF ALASKA. Fils

the foremost, with rather ovtuse point (fig. 9). The buccal crop (fig.
4, 5) as large as the bulbus, of quite the usual form, rather petiolate.!

The salivary glands forming (on each side) a large, thick, whitish
mass between the bulbus and the central nervous system (with the
glandulew sanguine).

The cesophagus rather wide. The stomach and the intestine as
usual. The liver as usual, much flattened on the right anterior half.

The heart rather large. The gland. sanguinez large, whitish, cover-
ing the upper side of the central nervous system, the foremost part in one
individual very narrow. The renal syrinx about 1.0 mm. lon
strong longitudinal folds, its clothing as usual.

The anterior genital mass 4—4.5 mm. long by a breadth of 1.25-1.5
and a height of 3-3.3 mm., yellow-white, plano-convex ; the anterior,

g, with

and partly the superior portion formed by the coils of the whitish sper-
matoduct ; in one individual one coil embraced the sheath of the radula.
The first part of the spermatoduct strong, when unrolled about 25.0 mm.
long; the succeeding part of the length of 45.0 mm., thinner; the
rest about 7.0 mm. in length, stronger, nearly as in the first part. In
the. beginning of this last part the true spermatic duct was rolled up in
tight coils, the remaining part of its length was nearly straight. The
penis about 1.5 mm. long, with the usual glans in the interior. The
spermatotheca (fig. 6a) spherical, its chief duct nearly twice as long as
the bag, the vagina short (fig. 6¢). The spermatocysta appeared
pyriform (fig. 6d).

In color this form seems to differ from the typical one, as that is
represented by Alder and Hancock (Monogr., Part vi, 1854, fam. 3,
Pl. 9); in the anatomical relations no specific differences could be
detected. .

A specimen of another variety was obtained by Dall, on a gravel
beach, at low water, in June, 1874, at Port Etches (Prince William
Sound’. According to Dall, the mantle was of ‘‘ brown” color.

The specimen had a length of 13.0 mm., by a breadth of 8.0 mm.,
and a height of 5.0 mm.; the height of the leaves of the gill was
about 1.0 mm. The color of the back was brownish and yellowish;
that of the gill, as well as of the rhinophoria, yellowish. The number
of leaves of the gill was about thirty.

The bulbus pharyngeus about 1.75 mm. long, by a height of 1.5 mm. ;
the sheath of the radula nearly as long as the bulbus; the buccal crop

1 In one specimen the form of this organ was entirely as figured in my
Malacolog. Untersuch. (Semper, Reisen). Tab. LXV, fig. 2.

214 SCIENTIFIC RESULTS OF THE

a little larger than the bulbus. The radula brownish-yellow, with
nine rows of teeth, further back fifteen developed and two younger
rows, the total number being twenty-six. The teeth quite as above,
dark, horn-colored in their thicker parts; the median ones reaching a
height of 0.16 mm. The salivary glands as above-mentioned.

The biliary sac uncommonly small. The black contents of the
rectum consisting of undeterminable animal matter, mixed with larger
and smaller pieces of small crustacea. The liver much flattened on
the right anterior half.

The anterior genital mass large, about 7.0 mm. long, 5.0 mm. high,
and 3.0 mm. thick. The ampulla of the hermaphroditic duct whitish,
forming a long ansa, about 5.0 mm. long. The spermatoduct shorter
than in the other form, otherwise, with the penis, as in that form.
The spermatotheca yellowish, short, sac-shaped, of a largest diameter
of 3.0 mm.; the spermatocysts about 0.3 mm. long, pyriform. The
mucous gland chalk-white and brownish-gray.

Of another variety, Dall, in August, 1872, obtained six specimens,
in Sanborn Harbor (Shumagin Ids.), on stony bottom, at low water.

According to Dall, the color of the back of the living animal is
‘‘red-brown, with whitish papille.” The color of the backs of
the specimens preserved in spirits was rather uniformly, dirty brown-
yellowish, commonly much lighter on the middle, the papilla whitish ;
the gill and the rhinophoria of the color of the back; the under side
of the whole body yellowish; more whitish on the mantle. The
length of the animals varied from 18.0 to 25.0 mm., by a breadth of
11.0 to 16.0 mm., and a height of 8.0 to 120 mm.; the breadth of
the foot 7.5 to 12.0 mm.; the height of the rhinophoria reaching 3.0
mm., that of the gill 2.0 mm. The form as usual. The horseshoe
shape of the gill very pronounced, the number of leaves, twenty-eight
to thirty. The gill was surrounded by higher papille, which, in the
largest specimen, reached the height of about 2.5 mm.; the space
inclosed by the gill closely set with similar papillae, the largest (as
large as the above mentioned) in the periphery. ‘The gill can be so
deeply drawn back in its groove, that these external and internal
papillae shut over and quite conceal it; the papille of the centre
smaller; a crest or some few papilla in the median line go from the
anus backwards, between the incurved ends of the gill. The anus
small, very slightly prominent; the renal pore on the right side. The
openings of the rhinophor-holes as usual, befure them the two usual
papille, behind them a bare space. The papillx of the back quite as

EXPLORATION OF ALASKA. 215

in the previously examined form, the largest (in the largest specimen )
reaching the height and the diameter of about 1.5 mm., those in the
neighborhood of the gill somewhat larger.

Two smaller individuals were dissected, the larger being harder than
these and not so suitable for that purpose. The peritoneum was
colorless.

The central nervous system just as in the former specimens, but the
buccal ganglia smaller than the olfactory, and the gastro-cesophageal
short-stalked.

The eyes as above. The otocysts, under the glass, very distinct as
chalk-white points on the hinder and outermost part of the cerebral
ganglia. The leaves of the rhinophoria without spicula. The skin
and the papille of the back as above or still more crowded with very
hard spicula.

The oral tube large, (in both individuals) about 2.5 mm. long. The
bulbus pharyngeus of the usual form, (in both individuals) about 3.0
long, by a breadth of 1.8 mm, and the height nearly the same; the
sheath of the radula projecting straight backwards 2.0 mm. The
buccal crop, lying to the left side of the bulbus, somewhat compressed,
of about 3.0 mnf® largest diameter, the stalk nearly half as long as
the largest diameter of the crop. The tongue with ten rows of teeth,
further backwards also eleven or twelve developed and three younger
rows, the total number thus being twenty-four or twenty-five. They
were entirely as in the form first examined.

The salivary glands, the pyloric part of the intestine, with its biliary
sac, and the liver as usual. The sanguineous gland whitish, much
flattened, covering the whole upperside of the bulbus pharyngeus and
the central nervous system; a flattened cavity in its interior. The
hermaphroditic gland, through its more reddish color, contrasting with
the grayish color of the liver.

The anterior genital mass 11.0 to 12.0 mm. long, by a height reach-
ing 7.0 to 8.0 mm., and a breadth of 4.0 to 4.5 mm. The ampulla of
the hermaphroditic duct lying transversely on the lowest and most
anterior part of the back of the mucous gland, rather straight or
forming nearly a circle, about 5.0 to 7.0 mm. long, whitish. The
spermatoduct making many coils on and before the anterior part of
the mucous gland; the first part about 35.0 to 45.0 mm. long, the
second nearly 25.0 mm. long; the penis about 1.5 to 2.0 mm., pro-
jecting freely from the vestibulum, conical; the glans seemed rather
short. The spermatotheca of about 3.0 mm. diameter, whitish. The

216 SCIENTIFIC RESULTS OF THE

spermatocysta (fig. 6b) quite imbedded in and concealed by the mucous
gland, only a part of its chief duct free on the surface of this last ;
the spermatocysta scarcely shorter than the spermatotheca, pear-shaped,
incurved ; the duct to the mucous gland (fig. 6d) passing from the end
of the bag, the other strong, longer (fig. 6c), opening in the duct of
the spermatotheca, where it begins to be wider (vagina); the vagina
(fig. Ge) rather wide, but short. The mucous gland whitish, yellowish
and dirty yellow.

2. L, varians, Bgh. PI. XI, fig. 13, 14; Pl. XIII, fig. 1.
ZL. vartans, B. R. Bergh, Malacol. Unters. 1. c., 1878, p. 615, 614.

Color ccerulescens vel albescens vel flavescens.
Dentes laterales margine interno denticulati fere usque ad apicem.
Hab. Oc. Pacif. (Ins. Kyska).

Of this species six specimens were taken by Dall, in July, 1873, at
Kyska Island, on sandy ground, at a depth of 9-14 fathoms. Four
specimens were sacrificed to the anatomical examination.

According to Dall the color of the living animal is “bluish.” The
animals preserved in spirits were of a uniform whitish color, so too
the rhinophoria and the branchia. Their length was 9-12.0 mm. by
a breadth of 5.3--7.0 and a height of 8—4.5 mm.; the breadth of the
foremost part of the foot 3.6-5.0 mm. The height of the rhinophoria
reached about 2.2 mm., of the branchial leaves 1.0 mm.

‘ihe form almost entirely as in the typical form and as in the L.
hystricina. ‘lhe head as in the last species ; also the openings of the
rhinophor-holes, with their (mostly three) larger tubercles, set with
equal spaces; the club of the rhinophoria with about twelve to fifteen
rather thick leaves. The tubercles of the back as in the ZL. hy.tri-
cina; the number of larger ones much exceeding that of the smaller,
which are scattered between them. The branchial disk as in the Z.
hystricina, also the branchial leaves, whose number did not surpass
twelve to twenty. The foot as usual.

The central nervous system (fig. ]) nearly as in the L. hystricina.
The cerebro-visceral ganglia of roundish or oval form, as also the
pedal ones which were not much smaller than the former. ‘The com-

1 In my ‘‘Malacolog. Unters.’’ (Semper, Philipp. II, ii, Heft xiv, 1878,
p- 606-613 ; Tab. Ixiv, fig. 13, 14-19 ; Tab. Ixv, fig. 1-5, 6-18) I have given
some anatomical remarks on the typical Z. délamellata and on the Greeii-
landic variety (D. liturata, Beck).

EXPLORATION OF ALASKA. 217

missura pedalia nearly as long as the diameter of the pedal ganglia ;
the subcerebral lying rather close up to the pedal; the visceral quite
free, much thinner. A very short-stalked smaller ganglion (fig. lc)
connected with the under side of the right visceral ganglion, gives off
a nerve that swells into a new ganglion, which sends out three nerves
(N. genitalis). The olfactory ganglia short-stalked, spindle-shaped.
The buccal (fig. 1d) and the gastro-cesophageal ganglia (fig. le), nearly
as in the L. hystricina ; the commissure between the first extremely
short, the gastro-cesophageal somewhat smaller.

The nervi optici one to one and a-half times as long as the diameter
of the cerebral ganglia; the eyes with black pigment, yellowish lens.
The otocysts (fig. 1) lying rather backwards, a little smaller than the
eyes; the otokonia of the usual form, in number about fifty. The
leaves of the rhinophoria without spicula. In the skin were almost
no spicula and no larger or calcified ones on the surface of the rigid
papilla of the back, which thus were rather smooth. In the intersti-
tial connective tissue small calcified cells, but no larger spicula.

The mouth-tube as in the L. hystricina. The bulbus pharyngeus
as in that species, but the sheath of the radula shorter and less
prominent, bent upwards, sideways or down and forwards. On the
interior part of the nearly colorless labial disk, the usual belt of
(about twelve to fifteen) rows of small denticles. The tongue strong,
rather long, with curved superior and nearly straight inferior margin.
In the mature radula twelve to fourteen or sixteen rows of teeth,
further backwards fifteen or sixteen to eighteen rows of developed,
and three of partly developed teeth; the total number of rows thus
thirty, thirty-one or thirty-five to thirty-seven. The median plates
(fig. 14) of nearly the usual furm, in the under side rather excavated,
with thickened margins. ‘The large lateral plates (fig. 13) formed
nearly as in the L. hystricina, but larger, reaching a height of 0.12
mm.; the denticulation of the interior margin of the hook stronger,
with more (about twenty) denticles and reaching farther out towards
the end of the hook. ‘The exterior plates nearly of the same form as
in the last species, reaching to the height of about 0 6 mm.

The sucking-crop quite as in the former species.

The salivary glands much smaller than in the former species, re-
duced to a large, scarcely lobed, whitish mass on each side of the
root of the cesophagus.

The csophagus somewhat spindle-shaped. The stomach included
in the liver. The intestine issuing from the liver behind its middle.

218 SCIENTIFIC RESULTS OF THE

The liver of grayish-white color, of the length of about 9.5 mm. by
a breadth of 4 and a height of about 3.75 mm.; the hinder end
rounded, the fore-end rather truncated, the anterior one-third on the
upper and right side flattened by the anterior genital mass.

The heart and the renal syrinx as usual; the median renal cham-
ber continued to the fore-end of the liver. The sanguineous glands
connected on the upper side of the central nervous system to a flat-
tened whitish mass.

The glandula hermaphrodisiaca clothing the upper side of the liver,
and scarcely distinct from it in color ; in its lobules were large ojgene
cells. The anterior genital mass compressed, plano-convex; 4.0 mm.
long, by a height of about 3.3 and a breadth of 1.2mm. The albumi-
nous gland on the left side of the mass and forwards, yellowish, very
finely gyrated on the surface; the mucous gland whitish, pellucid.
The spermatoduct as well as the (3.0 mm. long) penis as in the Z.
echinata. 'The spermatotheca rather small, spherical. '

L. varians, var.

To this same species belonged certainly five specimens of a Lam-
ellidoris, which were taken by Dall in July, 1873, at Unalashka
Island (Aleutians), at the depth of sixty fathoms on mud and stones.
Nevertheless, the color of these animals in the living state was, accord-
ing to Dall, ‘‘ yellowish-white.”

The size and the particular measures accorded with those of ‘the
more typical individuals, referred to above.

The central nervous system as just mentioned, so even the eyes and
the otocysts. The bulbus pharyngeus of the usual form ; on the tongue
eleven rows of teeth, farther backwards twenty-six developed and four
not quite developed rows, the total number thus forty-one. The plates
quite as formerly described. The sucking-crop quite as in the typical
form, also the salivary glands. The whitish sanguineous gland entirely
covering the central nervous system. ‘The penis as usual.

Two specimens of another variety of this form were gotten by Dall,
in July, 1873, at Kyska Island, on sandy bottom, and at a depth of
nine to fourteen tathoms. In a living state they were, according to
Dall, of yellowish color.

The length of the animals preserved in spirits was 8.5 to 9.0 mm.,
by a breadth of 6.0 mm., and a height of about 3.5 mm. ‘The color
was uniformly whitish or yellowish-white. One individual was dis-
sected.

EXPLORATION OF ALASKA. 219

The central nervous system was as above mentioned, and also the
eyes (their nervi optici rather long), and the otocysts (the number of
the otokonia about one hundred). The bulbus pharyngeus as usual ;
on the tongue sixteen rows of teeth, farther backwards eighteen rows
of developed and four of younger teeth; the total number of rows,
thirty-eight. The plates as above; the length of the median plates
0.05 to 0.058 mm.; the height of the anterior large lateral plates
about 0.14 mm., of the posterior about 0.17 mm.; the number of den-
ticles on these plates mostly fifteen to twenty. The vesica fellea was
at the left side of the pylorus.

8, L. hystricina, Bergh.

LL. hystricina, Bergh, Mal. Untersuch., 1. ¢., 1878, p. 614, Tab. lxviii,
fig. 17-23.

Color ccerulescens.

Dentes laterales margine interno denticulati sed non usque ad
apicem.

Habitat. Oceanum Pacificum (insula Kyska).

One specimen of this species was found by Dall, at Kyska Island
(Aleutians), on rocky bottom, at a depth of ten fathoms, in June,
1873. According to Dall, the color of the living animal is bluish.

The specimen preserved in spirits was 9.5 mm. in length, reached
a breadth of 6.0 mm., and a height of the true body (without the
papille) of 3.5 mm.; the breadth of the foremost part of the foot

-was 5.3 mm., the height of the rhinophoria was about 2.1 mm., of the
branchia about 1.2 mm., of the dorsal papille 1.2 mm. The color
was uniformly whitish.

The form was oval, the back not very convex. The head rather
large, formed like a velum, that is radiately folded, and has its side
parts connected with the ends of the anterior margin of the foot ;, in
the middle of the hinder part of the under side of the velum is a trans-
verse slit, in which the small mouth-pore opens. The opening of the
rhinophor-holes was nearly round, with the margin rather thin, here
were three papille of the same kind as on the back; the rhinophoria
stout, the club with about twenty leaves. The back covered all over
with mostly stout, club-shaped papillz, apparently set without order,
and extending nearly out to the very margin of the mantle, which is
thin and has on the upper side smaller, cylindrical or club-shaped
papille. The papill all firmly adherent to the skin, the spicules shin-
ing through all over on the back and in the papille. The branchial

»
8

220 SCIENTIFIC RESULTS OF THE

disk rather large, at the margin set with about fourteen papilla, irregu-
larly alternating in size. The branchia composed of twelve small
leaves of the usual kind. The centre of the disk and the anus as
usual. The foot somewhat shorter and narrower than the back,
broader in front, with the anterior margin rather straight, rounded
posteriorly.

The cerebro-visceral ganglia showed the visceral part a little larger
than the cerebral, the pedal somewhat smaller than the visceral; the
four commissures as usual; the offshoot of the nerva genitalis could
not be determined. The buccal ganglia rounded, connected through a
short commissure ; the gastro-cesophageal having about one-quarter of
the size of the latter. ;

The eyes with very rich black pigment ; the nervus opticus not short.
The otocysts as large as the eyes, filled with otokonia of the usual
kind. Inthe thin leaves of the rhinophoria no spicula. In the skin
of the back and in the dorsal papilla an enormous amount of irregular
or rounded particles, often coalescing together in larger, irregular
lumps, which very often were crowded together in irregular heaps ; in
the papille also were long, strong and very much calcified spicula,
often of uneven surface, whose points, as usual, often projected on the
surface of the papilla. In the interstitial connective tissue, including
the ends of the different ducts of the genital organs (vagina, mucous
gland duct), masses of large and long (as much as 0.9 mm.), calcified
spicula.

The mouth-tube was about 1.0 mn. long, rather wide, with strong,
longitudinal folds. ‘The bulbus pharyngeus of usual, irregular form,
the bulbus proper of the length of about 1.75 mm.; the sheath of the
radula, nearly as long as the bulbus, curved downwards. The labial
disk oval, at the inner margin of darker color, and there showing
(fig. 17) a narrow belt of small, yellowish denticles, of a height of
0.007 to 0.015 mm. ;! this belt seems continued a short space up in
the mouth that is otherwise, like,the rest of the buceal cavity, clothed
with a rather thick, yellowish cuticula. ‘The tongue rather long and
narrow, in the groove on its back sixteen rows of teeth, in the sheath
eighteen developed and six undeveloped rows, the total number conse-
quently forty. The color of the true lateral teeth yellowish, the others
nearly colorless ; the height of the outer pseudo-plates about 0.075 mm.
‘| he median pseudo-plates elongate, narrow (fig. 21); the true (Jateral)

! Tn the outer mouth was found a little Caprella, of the length of 3.0 min.

bo

EXPLORATION OF ALASKA. 22,1

teeth strong, finely denticulated (with six to eight denticles) on the
inner side of the hook, and with a strong, rounded prominence at
the base of this (fig. 18a, 19, 20); the external pseudo-plates with
the usual curved points (fig. 18b). Irregularities in the form of the
last were often observed (fig. 23).!

The crop entirely as in the typical species, the largest diameter
1.3 mm.

In the stomach indeterminable animal matter and a little, undeter-
miuvable worm, of the length of 2.0 mm.

The hermaphroditic gland as usual; the lobules filled with sperma.
The anterior genital mass rather large, measuring in length 4.5 mm.,
in height 2.5 mm., and in breadth 2.3 mm.; the left side flat or a little
excavated, the right rather convex. The mucous gland, as well as
the albuminous gland, white and yellowish-white. The spermatoduct
not very long, but rather strong, continued in the very strong penis,
that (retracted) forms the fore-end of the whole mass. The penis has
a length of about 3.5 mm., by a diameter of 1.3 mm.; the inferior
end rather constricted ; the superior three-quarters of the organ com-
pact, perforated through the axis by the dense coils of the spermato-
duct proper; the inferior one-third hollow, including the curved and
pointed glans.

2. L. muricata (Miiller). Plate IX, fig. 18; Plate XI, fig. 10-12.

Doris muricata, O. F. Miiller. Zool. Dan. Fas. UI, 1789, p. 7, Tab.
LXXXYV, f. 2, 3, 4.

Doris muricata, Miller. Sars, (forma 8) Lovén, Ind. Moll. Scand. 1846,
p. 9.

Doris muricata, Meyer und Moebius. Fauna der Kieler Bucht, I, 1865,
p. 73-75, Taf. Ve, fig. 1-8.

? Lamellidoris muricata, Miller. G. O. Sars, Moll. reg. arct. Norv.,
1878, p. 307, Tab. XIII, fig. 6.

Color flavidus vel luteo-albus.
Dentes laterales magni hamo denticu’ato sed non usque ad apicem.
Hab. Oc. Atlanticum septentr.

The original specimen on which Miiller founded his Dorts muricata
does not exist, and by his incomplete description it is now completely
impossible with full certainty to determine what species was meant by
his description. In future the species described by Meyer and Moebius

' From the presence of only one individual, the examination of the radula
was extremely difficult and limited, as also that of the genital organs.

229, SCIENTIFIC RESULTS OF THE

and by me ought to be catled by that name. To the same is without
doubt to be referred the second variety ( 8) of the D. muricata
(Miiller, Sars) of Lovén (the first being the D. Lovéni of Alder).

Of this form, and under that name, I have had two well conserved
specimens for examination, kindly sent me by Mr. Friele, of Bergen,
and caught in the neighborhood of that place.

The individuals (preserved in spirits) were of light yellowish color.!
The length 9-10 mm. by a breadth of 5-6.0 and a height of nearly
3.0 mm.: the breadth of the foot reaching 3.5 mm.; the height of the
rhinophoria 1.5, of the branchial leaves 1.0mm. ‘The form of the
animal as usual; the warts of the back not large, mostly truncate,
clavate. The openings for the rhinophoria as usual, with two tubercles
before them, or one on each side; the club with about fifteen to twenty
leaves.2. The branchial leaves about twelve to fourteen, as far as could
be determined ;3 the space inclosed by the gill covered with the usual
tubercles ; the anus presenting the ordinary features. The head rather
large, the side parts adhering to the foot throughout their whole length.
The genital groove with three openings; a foremost round, a median
spalt-formed, and a posterior large and round.

Both individuals were dissected ; the peritoneum was colorless.

In the central nervous system the cerebro-visceral ganglia appeared
rather short, reniform; the pedal ones of roundish form, somewhat
larger than either of the former; the commissures rather short. The
olfactory ganglion short-stalked, nearly spherical, situated rather
posteriorly on the upper side of the cerebral ganglia, and nearly as
large as the buccal ones. The buccal ganglia of oval outline, con-
nected by a short commissure ; the gastro-cesophageal nearly spherical,
in size about one-quarter of the former, short-stalked: a secondary
ganglion lying above the last on the cesophagus.

The eyes not short-stalked; with rich black pigment aud yellow
lens. The otocysts a little smaller than the eyes, filled with otokonia
of the common kind. In the leaves of the rhinophoria rather few but
large spicula of the same kind as in the skin, more or less perpendicu-
lar on the free margin; the axes of the club like the stalk still more
richly endowed with smaller and larger spicules. Under the glass the

' According to Lovén the color is yellowish; to Meyer and Moebius white
or yellowish-white, the rhinophoria orange-colored.

2 According to Meyer and Moebius the club of the rhinophoria has but
nine or ten leaves. —

* Meyer and Moebius mention eight leaves as nearly constant.

EXPLORATION OF ALASKA. 223

skin between the warts, as well as the warts themselves, showed the
white spicules everywhere shining through ; the spicules often project-
ing from the surface of the warts The spicules for the greater part
very large, long, and reaching a diameter of at least 0.05 mm.; they
were strongly calcified, mostly straight or slightly curved, the surface
nearly even. In the interstitial tissue were rather many spicules; but
(as in the rhinophoria) less calcified than in the skin.

The mouth-tube rather wide. The, bulbus pharyngeus of nearly
usual form, about 1.6 mm. long; the sheath of the radula, moreover,
projecting backwards about 0.4 mm., bent somewhat upwards or down-
wards; the lip-disk with a rather thick yellowish cuticula ; the sucking-
crop large, larger than the true bulbus, to which it adheres by a very
short petiolus. The tongue with nine rows of teeth, further back
twenty to thirty-two developed and three younger rows; the total
number of rows, thirty-two to forty-four.!. The yellow median plates
(fig. 10a) about 0.05 mm. long, of the usual form. The large lateral
plates yellow, of about 0.12 mm. height; the form as usual; the hook
with about fifteen to sixteen fine denticles, and a strong tooth at the
inside of the base (fig. 1056). The external plate colorless, about 0.04
mm. in height, with the usual rudiment of a hook (fig. 10¢, 110).?

The salivary glands white, rather thick, making two or three short
coils at the sides of the esophagus. The: cesophagus as usual. The
intestine emerging from the liver at about the middle of its length ;
the biliary sac (fig. 18) is at the pyloric part of it, situated deeply,
scarcely showing itself on the surface of the liver and opening (fig.
18a) into the stomach close to the pylorus. The liver about 6.5 mm.
long by a breadth of 3.0 mm. and a height of 2.0 mm., deeply excav-
ated in the anterior third of its right side, and of light yellow color.
The sanguineous gland much flattened, whitish, heart-formed, of about
1.5 mm. largest diameter. The renal chamber rather wide, the tube
on its floor strong.

' Meyer and Moebius (1. c. p. 73) mention twenty-nine rows ; Alder and
Hancock thirty.

2 The representations of the external plate by Meyer and Moebius (1. c.
fig. 2, 6) are not natural. Alder and Hance. (1. c., Part VII, p. ii, Pl. 46,
supplem. text) mention two external plates in their D. muricata (as in their
D. diaphana) ; either the D. muricata of A. and H. must be another species,
or they must have fallen into error from the particular view which is some-
times had in certain positions of the hind ends of the large lateral teeth
with the external ones.

294 SCIENTIFIC RESULTS OF THE

The lobes of the hermaphroditic gland without developed sexual
elements. The anterior genital mass about 2.5-3.0 mm. in length by
a height of 2.0 mm. and a breadth of 1.0-1.5 mm. The ampulla of
the hermaphroditic duct of yellowish color, rather thick (—0.75 mm.
diameter), making a wide curve. about 2.5 mm. long. ‘The spermato-
duct long; its first part thinner, about 9.0 mm. long, then through a
stricture of the length of nearly 1 mm., passing into the thicker part,
which in its last half increases in thickness, and, all in all, has the
length of about 6.0 mm. by a diameter of 0.75 mm.; the last part
(fig. 12c) passes into the penis!, in whose cavity (fig. 1265) the glans
(fig. 12a) projects as a short club, the proper seminal duct passing
down to the gland in nearly continual cork-screw windings, and often
shining through the walls of the external coat. The spermatotheca
whitish, nearly spherical, of about 1.3 mm. diameter, filled with sem-
inal matter and detritus ; the spermatocysta elongate, nearly twice as
Jong as the former, yellowish, deeply imbedded in the mucous gland,
filled with ripe semen; its duct somewhat longer than the cysta. The
vagina short.2. The mucous gland yellowish and yellow.

The species approaches to the Z. Aystricina and L. varians (of
the Pacific ), but differs entirely in its colors; still the possibility can-
not be denied that further investigations may show both the Pacific

‘species’ to be merely varieties of the old Lamellidoris muricata
of the Atlantic.

ADALARIA, Bergh.
Adalaria, R. Bergh. Malacolog. Unters. (Semper, Philipp. I], ii). Heft
XIV, 1878, p. xl.
Adalaria, R. Bergh. Gattungen nord. Doriden, 1. c. 1879, p. 360.

Forma corporis fere ut in Lamellidoridibus. Nothzum papillula-
tum vel subgranulosum. Branchia (non retractilis) e foliis vix mul-
tis, in formam ferri equini ut plurimum dispositis formata. Caput ut
in Lamellidoridibus, latum, semilunare, tentaculis vix ullis vel brevis-
simis lobiformibus. Aperture rhinophoriales integra, tuberculis
anticis 2-3, calvitie postica. «

Discus labialis non armatus. Lingua rhachide lamellis depressis
instructa ; pleuris dente laterali interno hamiformi majore et serie

' The exserted penis is figured by Meyer and Moebius (I. ec. taf. fig. 4)
and mentioned as cylindrico-conical.

» The upper end of the vagina seemed to present a particular diverticle.

EXPLORATION OF ALASKA. 295

dentium externorum sat applanatorum preditis. Ingluvies buccalis

bulbo pharyngeo petiolo connata.
Penis glande parva inermi. Vagina brevis.

The genus has been established by the author (1878) to receive
the D. proxima and its allies. he Adalarie externally approach
nearest to the Lame/lidorides ; their branchial leaves are also dis-
posed mostly in horseshoe form, but fewer in number. The head and
the tentacles are more as in the Acanthodorides. - The back is nearly
as in the Lamellidorides, but the granules are sometimes more pointed.
The opening for the rhinophoria as in the Lamedlidorides, with plain
margin ; before them two to three tubercles, behind them the glabella.
The lip-disk only covered by a strong cuticula. The armature of the
tongue approaching to that of the Acanthodorides. ‘The rhachis of the
tongue carries depressed small yellow plates; at each side of these a
large hook-formed yellow plate, and further outwards a series of
smaller, nearly colorless plates, of which the inner ones are more
compressed, the rest depressed. The sucking-crop as in the Lameéli-
dorides, through a petiolus fixed to the bulbus. The salivary glands
as in the Lamellidorides. The cesophagus wider at its root. The
penis unarmed; the vagina short.

The Adalurie are Lamellidorides with a tongue resembling that of
the Acanthodorides ; they form a sort of connecting link between these
two groups.

Of the typical species, the spawn is known (through Alder and
Hancock) and some few notices have been published about their
biology (through Meyer and Moebius); Sars mentions! the swimming
of Ad. Lov’nt.

The genus seems to belong to the northern oceans ; only five species
seem hitherto known.

1, Ad. prozima (A. et H.). Oc. Atlanticus sept.
2, Ad. pacifica, Bgh., n. sp. Oc. Pacif.

. Ad. virescens, Bgh., n. sp. Oc. Pacif.

Ad. albopapillosa (Dall). Oc. Pacif.

Ad. Lovént (A. et H.). Oc. Atlant. sept.,

CU i Co

ry

. Adalaria proxima (Alder et Hancock). PI. IX, fig. 12-15.

Doris prozima, A. et H. Monogr. Part VI, 1854. Fam. 1, PI. 9, figs.
10-16 ; Part VII, 1855. Pl. 46, suppl. f. 8.

Doris prozima, Meyer u. Moebius, Fauna der Kieler Bucht, I, 1865.
P. 69-71 ; taf. V b, fig. 1-8.

1 Sars, Bidr. til Sédcdyrenes. Naturhist. 1829, p. 17.

226 SCIENTIFIC RESULTS OF THE

Color flavus vel e rubro flavus.
Dentes laterales (magni) hamo edentulo ; externi numero 10.
Hab. Oc. Atlant. septentr.

Of this form I have had for examination three specimens of nearly
equal size, kindly sent me by Prof. Moebius in Kiel, and caught in
the neighborhood of that town.

The individuals were of a uniform whitish color, the liver shining
' reddish-gray through the foot. Alder and Hancock have already re-
marked this shining through of the liver. ‘The length was 7.0-8.0 mm.,
by a breadth of 5.0-5.5, and a height of about 3.5 mm.; the height of
the rhinophoria about 1.25, of the branchial leaves 0.75 mm. The
form nearly as in the Ad. pacifica, also the tubercles (fig. 12) of the
back and the surroundings of the rhinophor-holes; the branchial
leaves nine to ten in number. The number of branchial leaves ac-
cording to Alder and Hancock is eleven, according to Meyer and
Moebius eight or nine. The rhinophoria with about fifteen to twenty
leaves. The lateral parts of the head nearly connate with the foot,
and only slight traces of true pointed tentacles. The foot as in the
next species.

The three individuals were anatomically examined. ‘The peritoneum
colorless.

The central nervous system as in the Ad. pacifica, but less de-
pressed. The eyes and otocysts as in that species; the last with
about 200 otokonia of very varying diameter, reaching about ().()2
mm. The spicula of the skin as described by English and German
authors; a rather large quantity spread in the skin of the head.

The bulbus pharyngeus (with the crop) of the length of about 1.5
mm., by a height of 1.5 and a breadth of 0.8 mm.; the crop making
about half of the bulbus; the lip-disk with strong yellowish cuti-
cula; the sheath of the radula a little prominent, bent more or less
upwards. The tongue narrow and pointed, with seven to nine rows
of teeth, further backwards thirty or thirty-one rows of developed and
three of younger teeth; the total number thus amounts to forty or
forty-three.! ° ;

The teeth as in the Ad. pacifica. The large lateral yellowish, the
rest nearly colorless. The length of the median teeth about 0.025 to
0.03 mm. ‘The large lateral (fig. 13bb, 14) showed the prominence

1 Alder and Hancock notice forty-one, Meyer and Moebius thirty-nine
rows of plates.

EXPLORATION OF ALASKA. 227

at the ueide of the root of the hook quite as in the Ad. pacijica.
The external teeth (fig. 15) only nine or ten in number,! fewer than
in that species, always absent on more than half the tongue.

The salivary glands as in the next species, also the cesophagus, the
stomach and the intestine. The liver also of nearly the same form,
the inferior part of the posterior end continued as a little cone; the
surface (especially of the back part) yellowish-white; the substance
yellow. The vesica fellea in its usual place, small. The heart as
usual, also the sanguineous gland. The renal syrinx and the urinary
chamber as usual.

The anterior genital mass rather compressed, of angular-roundish
outline, of about 1.75 mm. largest diameter. ‘The spermatoduct seemed
shorter than in the next species, especially the second part; the penis
short. The spermatotheca pyriform; the spermatocysta of more oval
form, having only about one-quarter of the size of the former, and filled
with sperma. ‘The mucous gland whitish and yellowish.

2. Adalaria pacifica, Bergh, nu. sp., Pl. IX, fig. 17; Pl. X, fig. 1-3; Pl. XI, fig. 15.

Color lutescens.
Dentes laterales (magni) hamo edentulo; externi numero 15.
Habitat. Oceanum Pacificum ( Unalashka).

Of this species Dall caught three specimens, in September, 1874, at
Unalasbka, on a bottom of mud and shells.

According to Dall, the color of the living animal is “ yellowish ;”
the specimens preserved in spirits were of a uniform yellowish color.
The length of the two larger specimens about 12.0 to 14.0 mm., by a
breadth of 8.0 to. 90 mm, and a height reaching 4.5 to 5.0 mm.;
the breadth of the foot 6.0 mm., the height of the rhinophoria about
1.5 mm., of the branchial leaves 1.2 mm.

The form as in the Ad. proxima, a little broader anteriorly. The
back covered all over with a mass of rather stout, subglobose and sub-
petiolate tubercles quite as in the typical species, mixed with much
fewer smaller ones. The larger ones, under magnification, showing
the perpendicular spicula shining through, while other spicula were
detected irregularly scattered in the intervals between the tubercles.
The rhinophor-holes nearly without projecting margin; the adjoining
part of the back, behind, smooth; immediately before the holes, on

1 The number of external plates is, according to Alder and Hancock,
ten, to Meyer and Moebius, eight or nine.

298 SCIENTIFIC RESULTS OF THE

@

the contrary, two or three larger tubercles ; the club of the rhinophoria
with about thirty leaves. The branchial area surrounded by larger
tubercles. The branchial leaves in number, eleven or twelve; imme-
diately before the two hindermost was the slightly prominent anus, and
at its right side the renal pore; in the space between the anus and
the branchial leaves, three or four larger and two or three smaller
tubercles. The head large; the tentacles short, pointed. The foot
broad, rounded behind, a little broader in front; the furrow on the
anterior margin very indistinct. The three individuals were all dis-
sected. The peritoneum was colorless.

The central nervous system rather flattened; the cerebral ganglia
larger than the visceral, which were lying at their outer margin and
were a little larger than the pedal ones ; the proximal olfactory ganglia
bulbiform, less large than the buccal ones, which were of short, oval
form, connected through a very short commissure ; the gastro-cesopha-
geal ganglia short-stalked, rounded, nearly half as large as the former,
with a very large cell. The subcerebral and the pedal commissures
connected, the visceral free.

The eyes with coal-black pigment, yellow lens; the nervus opticus
in one individual with black pigment. ‘The otocysts, under a mag-
nifier, very distinct as chalk-white points at the hinder margin of the
cerebral ganglia, nearly as large as the eyes, filled with ordinary oto-
konia. In the leaves of the rhinophoria scanty, scattered spicules,
perpendicular on the free margin, not much more calcified than in the
skin; in the stalk of the organ the spicules larger and less scanty.:
The skin, especially its tubercles, with many long spicules and calcified
cells and groups of such cells; the form of the spicules different from
that of the Doris proxima, as figured by Alder and Hancock (Monogr.,
Part vi, fam. 1, Pl. 9, fig. 15), and by Meyer and Moebius (1. ¢., figs.
8, 9), much less calcified, more straight and of more uniform shape.
In the interstitial connective tissue of the chief ducts of the anterior
genital mass were scattered large spicules.

The mouth-tube wide, about 1.3 mm. long. The bulbus pharyngeus
of rather compressed form, about 2.0 mm. long; the sheath of the
radula strongly projecting from the hinder end, nearly as long as
the bulbus, more or less curved upwards; the lip-disk oval, with a
very strong yellowish cuticula. The tongue with ten or eleven rows
of plates, further back twenty-nine to thirty-four rows of developed
and three of younger plates; the total number thus forty-two, forty-
three, forty-seven. The median plate (Pl. IX, fig. 17a; Pl. X, fig. 1)

EXPLORATION OF ALASKA. 229

.

yellowish, of a length of about 0.045 mm., with a median furrow
along the upper side and with thickened margins. The large laterals
horn-yellow in color, reaching the height of about 0.1 mm. (PI. IX,
fig. 170; Pl. X, fig. 2aa), hook-shaped, with a strong, rounded prom-
inence at the inside of the root of the hook (fig. 17). On each side
(Pl. X, fig. 26, ec) of the two large plates (in two individuals) con-
stantly fifteen smaller, nearly colorless plates of a length of about
0.06 mm. These plates were all somewhat depressed ; the five inner
ones smaller, somewhat compressed (fig. 2, 3a, 15); the others (fig. 2, 3)
broader, with the upper edge broad and irregularly toothed ; the outer-
most (fig. 2c) a little smaller than the adjoining plates. The bases in
each of these (fifteen) plates large, forming nearly half, or at least
making more than a third of the size of the whole plate.! The crop
of the bulbus of the usual form, as large or a little larger than the bulbus
itself; with a very short stalk with strong longitudinal musculature,
its aperture opening immediately behind the lip-disk.

The salivary glands large, white, very elongate, in their foremost
part broader, and with several coils filling the space left between the
crop, the bulbus and the cesophagus.

The esophagus long. The stomach small, enclosed in the liver;
the intestine rather short, forming its knee behind the fore-end of the
liver. ‘The large posterior visceral mass about 9.0 mm. long by a
breadth of 4.3 and a height of 3.5 mm. ; the posterior end somewhat
pointed, though rounded ; the fore-end broader, perpendicular, somewhat ,
flattened on the right side; the color of the surface (hermaphroditic
gland) ash-gray, the interior (the liver) brown or black brown, or
quite yellow.

The heart as usual. The sanguineous gland irregularly reniform,
situated somewhat more towards the left side, rather thick, whitish,
covering the central nervous system and a large part of the bulbus
pharyngeus from above. The renal syrinx as usual.

The hermaphroditie gland without developed sexual elements. The
anterior genital mass proper rather small, compressed, of about 2.5 mm.
largest diameter, but the loop of the spermatoduct (and the penis)
nearly as large as the rest of the mass. The spermatoduct long,
in its first part white, rather strong; nearly as long as the second in
which it passes through a stricture; this last part is thicker, cylindrical,
elongated, about 5.0 mm. long, passing without exact limits into the

' In both individuals the three to five foremost rows were without the
smaller plates, and the following two or three very incomplete in this respect.

230 SCIENTIFIC RESULTS OF THE

short penis. The spermatotheca pyriform, about 1.3 mm. long; the
spermatocysta not having one-fourth,of the size of the last; both
empty. ‘The mucous gland whitish and yellow-whitish.

This seems even externally to differ somewhat from the typical form,
of which it nevertheless may prove to be but a variety. Neither Alder
and Hancock, nor Meyer and Moebius saw more than eight to (nine)
ten external plates on the tongue of Ad. proxima, while this Pacific
form always presented fifteen.

3. Adalaria virescens, Bgh.,n. sp. Plate X, fig. 4, 5.

Color virescens.
Dentes laterales (magni) hamo edentulo ; externi numero 15.
Hab. Oc. Pacific. septentr. Unalashka.

Of this species Dall found four specimens at Unalashka, on gravel,
in a depth of nine to fifteen fathoms, in September, 1874.

According to Dall the color of the living animal was “ greenish,”
and the animals preserved in spirits showed remains of the same color
as a uniform grayish green. The length of these was 11.5-12.0 mm.,
by a breadth of 8.0 mm. and a height of 5.0 mm,; the height of the
rhinophoria about 2.0, of the branchial leaves about 1.0 mm.

The form, as well as the rhinophor-openings, were quite as usual ;
the club of the rhinophoria with about thirty-five leaves. The gill not
. large, with nine to twelve leaves; the space within the gill as usual,
also the arms and the renal pore. The back covered with granula-
tions and short clubs. The head, with the tentacule and the genital
opening as usual.

Three individuals were dissected ; the peritoncum was colorless.

The central nervous system showed the cerebral ganglia larger than
the visceral, which were lying on the outside of and behind the former,
very distinct from them; the pedal ones being intermediate in size
between the cerebral and the visceral ganglia. On the exterior part of
each cerebral ganglion a little short-stalked ganglion (gang. opticum ?)
was easily visible under a hand magnifier. ‘The (proximal) olfac-
tory ganglia bulbiform, short-stalked, a little larger than the buccal
ganglia, which were short-oval, connected through a very short com-
-missure; the gastro-cesophageal being about one-fourth to one-fifth of
the size of the former. In the neighborhood of the penis a little oval
ganglion (g. penis) having a largest diameter of about 0.25 mm.
(fig. 5), containing only rather small cells.

EXPLORATION OF ALASKA. 931

The eyes with black pigment ; the otocysts with not very many and
not much calcified otokonia. No distal olfactory ganglion, as far as
could be seen; no spicula in the leaves of the rhinophoria. The skin
as in other species ; the spicula projecting on the surface of the granu-
lations of the back.

The bulbus pharyngeus about 1-1.5 mm. in length; the sheath of
the radula projecting 0.75-1.0 mm., bent upwards ; the sucking-crop a
little larger than the bulbus itself, short-stalked ; the lip-disk as usual.
The tongue compressed, rather prominent, with six, eight, and nine
rows of teeth, also further back twenty-four, thirty-two and thirty-three
developed and three younger rows; the total number of rows thus
being thirty-five, forty-one, forty-five. The median plates, the large
lateral and the (fifteen) external ones searcely different from those of
the last species.

The salivary glands rather strong, with two or three short coils fill-
ing the space at the sides of the esophagus (fig. 4), white. The
cesophagus (fig. 4a) wide in its upper part, the rest narrow. The an-
teriorly proceeding part of the intestine 2.0 mm. long, the other retro-
ceding part &.0 mm. long; no biliary sac could be found either at the
pylorus or higher up. The liver about 9 0 mm. long by a breadth of
4.2 and a height of 4.0 mm. ; of brownish-gray color ; the anterior end
truncate, inclined downwards and backwards ; the anterior one-third of
the right side flattened for the anterior genital mass ; the posterior end
somewhat pointed, rounded at the point.

The sanguineous gland whitish, covering the anterior end of the
bulbus pharyngeus and the foremost part of the central nervous system
or this last and the hinder part of the bulbus.

The anterior genital mass about 3.5 mm. long by a breadth of 0.75
and a height of 1.5 mm., a very large part of it formed by the thick
part of the spermatoduct. The ampulla of the hermaphroditic duct
about 2.0 mm. long, rather thin, whitish. The spermatoduct long;
the first part thinner, about 8.0 mm. long; the rest making a large
curve, about 5.5 mm. long, about three times as thick as the first, with
a diametér of 0.6 mm. ; the spermatoduct proper making many coils in
its interior course downwards to the penis, which shows a little un-
armed glans in the bottom of its orifice ; in one individual the penis
was exserted as a conical prominence of the beight of 1.0mm. The
spermatotheca pyriform, about 1.0 mm. long, of grayish color; the
spermatocysta a little less large, spherical; the vagina rather short.
The mucous gland rather small.

932 SCIENTIFIC RESULTS OF THE

Even this species might perhaps be merely a variety of the former ;
still it is of a quite different color and the back much more coarsely
granulated.

4 Adalaria albopapillosa (Dall), Pl. IX, fig. 16; Pl. X, fig. 9-11.

Alderia (? ?) albopapillosa, Dall, Amer. Journ. of Conch., vii, 2, 1872,
p- 137.

Color pallide flavescens, papillis dorsalibus niveis.
Dentes laterales (magni) hamo basi denticulato.
Habitat. Oceanum Pacificum septentrion. (Sitka).

Of this curious animal Dall caught three specimens [in company
with the Doris (Archidoris) Montereyensis and the Aolidia (Her-
missenda) opalescens |, in July, 1865, on algw, at the depth of six
fathoms, at Sitka (Alaska).

According to the drawings of Dall, the color of the living animal is
very pale yellow,! the back all over covered with chalk-white papille ;
the length was 3, the breadth 2 lines. ‘The three original specimens
preserved in spirits were of a length of 5.5 to 7.0 mm., of a greatest
breadth of 4.0 to 4.5 mm., and a height of 2.75 mm. ‘The color was
uniformly translucent grayish and yellowish-whitish. The form of the
animal was oval, the mantle a little larger than and hiding the rest of
the body. The back convex, covered all over with a multitude of
cylindrical or fusiform, relatively rather large papille, reaching to the
height of a full millimetre, and with some few small ones spread
between them. The rhinophor-openings at their usual place, having,
as usual (with retracted organs), thin margins; before them always
two larger papillae, behind them a little naked space. The club of
the (yellowish) rhinophoria with about twenty-five leaves. The gill
rather small; the branchial leaves (yellowish), as usual, set in horse-
shoe form, lower or at least not higher than the dorsal ‘papiuls, in
number, ten. to twelve; the anal papilla rather low, with one of the
ordinary papille before and one behind it; the space between the

1 ¢¢Of an opaque white, the remainder of the animal, except the eyes,
being translucent yellowish.’’—Dat.u.

2 Dall did not detect the retracted rhinophoria (‘‘tentacles none’’) ; the
‘“‘black eyes sessile on the anterior surface of the body, near the mantle
margin,’’ did not exist in the figure, but in one individual two black sand-
particles were lying there. The true eyes of the animal could not be de-
tected through the skin, and were lying more backwards.

EXPLORATION OF ALASKA. 233

branchial leaves and the anus otherwise naked.! The genital open-
ing as usual. The foot rather large, with a very fine furrow in the
anterior margin. ‘The head as usual; the tentacles relatively rather
large.

The three individuals were dissected. The peritoneum was color-
less.

The central nervous system quite as in the former species, the vis-
ceral ganglions lying outside of the cerebral; no distal olfactory
ganglion could be detected; the buccal ganglia connected through a
commissure at least as long as the diameter of the ganglion; the
gastro-cesophageal ganglia and the eyes as in the former species.
The otocysts could not be detected. In the leaves of the rhinophoria
the spicula much more scanty. In the skin the same kind of not
much calcified spicula as in the former species; the papille of the
back very richly endowed with such, and commonly with a mass of
them projecting with their points (PI. LX, fig. 16) on the surface of the
papille.

The bulbus pharyngeus as in the former species; the length about
1.5 mm., two-fifths of which is the straight, backwards projecting
sheath of the radula; the cuticula of the lip-disk as usual; the
buccal crop somewhat compressed, with rather long pedicel. The
tongue with nine or ten rows of plates, farther backwards sixteen or
seventeen developed and three younger rows; the total number of
them, twenty-nine or thirty. The median plates (fig. 9a, 10a) nearly
as in the former species, or a little shorter. The large lateral plates
(fig. 9b, 10D) rising to the height of 0.12 mm., yellow; their form as
in the former species, but at the inside of the hook at its root were
three to six or seven to eight small denticles. The external lateral
plates (fig. 10cd, 11) farther backwards, in number constantly eight ;
the outermost (fig. 11a) very small, the others as in the former species.

The saltvary glands, as far as could be determined, were as in the
last species; so also the esophagus and crop; also the stomach and
the intestine, which seemed to have the usual bag (pancreas, biliary
sac) at the pyloric part. The sanguineous gland flattened, grayish,
cordate. The liver of brownish-gray color.

In the hermaphroditic gland no ripe elements were found, and the
anterior genital mass was very small.

1 According to Dall, the ‘‘anus is terminal under the edge of the mantle.”’
This was erroneous. He did not see the gill, but regarded the dorsal papilla
as ‘branchial appendages.”’

234 SCIENTIFIC RESULTS OF THE

The species is easy to distinguish from the former, by its color and
especially by the denticulated hook of the large lateral plates.

5, Adalaria Lovéni (Alder et Hancock). Pl. X, fig. 6-8.

Doris muricata? O. F. Muller, Sars, Bidr. til Sdedyrenes ‘Naturh.,
1829, p. 15. Tab. Il, fig. 7, 8.

Doris Lovéni, Alder et Hance. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., 3 Ser., X, 1862,
p. 262.

Lamellidorts Lovént, Friele et Arm. Hansen, 1. c. p. 3.

Lamellidoris Lovént, G. O. Sars. Moll. reg. arct. Norv., 1878, p. 364.
Tab. XIV, fig. 1.

? Lamellidoris muricata (Mill.) Abildgaard. Mérch, Faunula Moll.
Ins. Firdens. Naturh. Foren. Vidsk. Meddel., 1867, p. 75.1

Doris muricata, Miller, Sars (4), Lovén, Ind. Moll,, 1846, p. 5.

Doris muricata, M. Sars. Reise i Lofoten og Finmarken, 1851, p. 75.

Color dorsi et rhinophoriarum e brunneo lutescens, paginz inferioris
et branchiz lutescens.
Dentes laterales (magni) hamo edentulo; externi (lingue)

numero 12.
Hab. Oc. Atlant. septentr.

This species was first noticed by Sars, who hesitatingly regarded it
as perhaps the Doris muricata of Mueller. It is, moreover, the prin-
cipal form of the Doris muricata (‘ Mueller, Sars”) of Lovén (his
second variety being the true L. muricata) ; has been established
(1862) as a species by Alder and Hancock, and has as such been
adopted by Friele and Hansen, as well as by G. O. Sars, who lately
gave figures of the teeth on the tongue. The species has been much
confounded with the “ D. muricata,” which is a Lamellidoris ; it is
certainly distinct from the Ad. proxima, and seems also to differ from
the other described species.

-Of this form I have had fifteen individuals for examinat#on, kindly
sent me by Mr. Friele, of Bergen, and dredged in the neighborhood of
that place. :

1 According to Mérch (Rink, Gronland, I, 1857. Tillag 4, p. 78), the D.
muricata, Sars, should be the D. liturata, Beck ; this last is a mere variety
of the Lamellidoris bilamellata, and with this should, on the other hand,
according to Méreh (Faunula Molluse, Isl. Naturh. Foren, Vidensk. Med-
del., 1868, p. 203), the D. provima of Meyer and Moebius be synonymous,
which belongs to the quite different genus, Adalarta. An example more—
if such were needed—of the way in which the Nudibranchiata.have been
synonymized and systematized.

EXPLORATION OF ALASKA. 235

The color of the animals preserved in spirits was uniformly yel-
lowish. The length was 13-15.0 mm., by a breadth of 8.5-9.5 and a
height of 4-5.0 mm.; the breadth of the foot 6 mm.; the height of
the rhinophoria about 2.5 mm., of the branchial leaves 1.0-1.3 mm. ;
according to M. Sars the height of the rhinophoria is four to five times
that of the tubercles of the back, (1. c. p. 16, also in one of his figures
fig. 7). The form as usual; the back covered all over with large
rounded tubercles, which rose to the height of 1.5 mm., and were of
a similar breadth; they were sessile or more or less subpedunculate,
sometimes set in indistinct longitudinal rows; between the larger
tubercles everywhere were smaller ones of different sizes; on the
margin of the back were tubercles of middle size or smaller; the
spicula rather indistinct between and in the tubercles. The rhinophor-
openings as usual, two large tubercles before them; the club of the
organs with about twenty-five leaves. The gill with eight to twelve
leaves ; according to M. Sars, the number of branchial leaves is ten—
to Lovén, eight toten. A large (high) tubercle between the hindermost
leaves, before it the low. anal papilla, and to the right side the renal
pore; some few smaller papillze were spread over the space between
the anus and the branchial leaves. The head large, broad; the short
tentaculz pointed. The genital opening as usual.

Six individuals were dissected. The peritoneum was colorless.

The central nervous system rather flattened, especially the visceral
ganglia, which lay on the outer side of and behind the cerebral ones,
which were a little larger; the pedal ones larger than either of the
other ganglia, situated perpendicularly upon the former. The proxi-
mal olfactory ganglia bulbiform, a little smaller than the buccal ones ;
no distal could be found. The length of the commissures equal to the
‘largest diameter of the pedal ganglia; the subcerebro-pedal about
three times as thick as the visceral. ‘The buccal ganglia of oval form,
connected through a short commissure ; the gastro-cesophageal about
one-sixth of the former in size, with one very large cell.

The eyes with black pigment, yellow lens; the nervus opticus about
as long as the largest diameter of the cerebral ganglion. he otocysts
of the same size as the eyes, situated externally at the junction of
the cerebral and the visceral ganglia; with about fifty ordinary
otokonia, but among them four to six larger ones, of a diameter of
about 0.025 mm. The leaves of the rhinophoria nearly without
spicula; in the axes, and especially in the stalks, on the contrary, an
enormous quantity of large spicula, in great part transversely situ-

4

236 SCIENTIFIC RESULTS OF THE

ated. In the skin a rather large quantity of spicula. The broad
centres of the warts of the back chalk-white in transverse section, on
account of the mass of strong spicula which ascend in bundles through
the axes of the warts, their peripheral parts being free from spicula.
The spicula, for the most part, staff-shaped or cruciate, reaching a
diameter of about 0.08 mm.; small and large rounded ones were
also very common ; the spicula mostly very strongly calcified. In the
interstitial tissue calcified cells were seen scantily.

The mouth-tube was 1.5 mm. long; the bulbus pharyngeus about
1.5 mm. long, the sheath of the radula projecting about 075 mm.,
bent upwards ; the sucking-crop nearly as large as the proper bulbus,
short-stalked. The lip-disk with the cuticula rather thick, especially
at the inferior median line, here sometimes prominent and reminding
one of the two blades in the Acanthodorides. The tongue (in the six
individuals examined) with seven to nine rows of teeth; further back-
wards twenty-nine, thirty-one, or thirty-four (in three individuals)
developed, and three younger rows; the total number of rows was
thus forty-two to forty-six. The median plates (fig. 8a) and the large
lateral (fig. Gaa, 7, 8b) ones quite as in the Ad. Pac jica, also the ex-
ternal ones (fig. 66, 8c), but the number of those never surpassed ten
or iwelve ;! frequently all gone from the tongue, and only existing in
the two to four posterior rows; the height of the large lateral plates
rising to about 0.09 mm.

The salivary glands, as usual, white. The oesophagus somewhat
wider in its first part; the stomach as usual; the liver of usual form,
its substance of yellow color; on the first quarter of the right side an
impression for the anterior genital mass. The vesica fellea rather
smaller, on the right side of and a little behind the pyloric part of the
intestine, with its upper end appearing on the surface of the liver ;
the duct nearly as long as the bag, opening in the stomach.

The sanguineous gland of subquadratic form, the largest diameter
about 2.3 mm., very much flattened, whitish. The tube on the floor
of the renal chamber rather strong.

The hermaphroditic gland clothing the liver with a thin, whitish-
gray layer. The anterior genital mass small, nearly undeveloped,
much compressed, of about 1.75 mm. in length, the height a little less.
The ampulla of the hermaphroditie gland thin, otherwise as usual,

1 According to Friele and Hansen (I. c. p. 8) the number of external
plates istwelve ; the figure of these authors (Tab. II, fig. 1) is rather bad.
G. O. Sars has eleven to twelve external plates in his figure.

EXPLORATION OF ALASKA. 237

The spermatoduct as usual, also the penis.' The spermatotheca and
the spermatocysta as usual. The mucous gland very small, whitish
and yellow.

ACANTHODORIS, Gray.

Acanthodoris, Gray, Figs. of Moll. Animals, iv, 1850, p. 108, Guide Moll.
Brit. Mus. 1857, p. 207. .

Acanthodoris, Alder and Hancock, Mon. Brit. Nud. Moll., vii, 1855, p. 43,
app. p. xvii. G. O. Sars, Moll. reg. arct. Norvegiz, 1878, p. 308,
Tab. xiy, fig. 4, ;

Acanthodoris, R. Bergh, Gattung. Nord. Doriden, 1. c., 1879, p. 356-360.

Forma corporis subdepressa. Nothwum supra sat grosse villosum.
Branechia (non retractilis) e foliis tripinnatis non multis et in orbem
positis formata.

Caput latum, veliforme ; tentaculis brevibus, lobiformibus. Margo
apertureum rhinophorialium lobatus.

Discus labialis armatura e hamulis minutis formata et infra cuticula
incrassata prominenti instructus. Lingua rhachide nuda; pleuris an-
gustis dente laterali, hamiformi permagno et dentibus externis minutis
(4-8).

Ingluvies buccalis bulbo pharyngeo connata.

Penis armatura e hamulis minutis formata instructus. Vagina
longissima.

The genus Acanthodoris was established by Gray, to receive the
Doris pilosa with its non-retractile gill. Alder and Hancock adopted
the genus, made an anatomical examination of the typical form and
gave it natural characters, which were then adopted by Gray. In
several new malacological publications of a systematic nature the genus
has been omitted, and in the last twenty years no new information has
been published, until G. O. Sars lately gave some notes on the bulbus
pharyngeus.

The Acanthodoridés approach the Lamellidorides, yet differ ex-
ternally in the scattered soft villosities of the back and in the smaller
number of the leaves of the gill, which are arranged in a circle.

Internally they differ still more, in the presence of a strong, oral
armature, in a different dentition (4+8+1+0+1+8+4), by a pecu-

1 Sars (1. c. p. 16) mentions and figures (fig. 8) the penis as ‘“‘a large,
white, conical’’ organ. :

238 SCIENTIFIC RESULTS OF THE

liarly armed penis and by the imbedding in the pharyngeal bulbus of
the buccal crop.!

The Acanthodorides are not much depressed. The back is covered
with soft villi or papille ; the openings for the rhinophoria have lobed
margins. The gill is not retractile, and consists of several (generally
seven to nine) tripinnate leaves, quite distinct from one another.”

The labial disk is provided with a densely set armature of small
hooks, passing backward on the cuticula of the mouth. This last also,
in the lowest part of the mouth, at each side of the median line is
thickened and projects like two thin, lancet-shaped blades over the
bare space left between the lower parts of the prehensile collar... The
form of the bulbus pharyngeus is as in the Lamellidorides, but the
buccal crop is imbedded in the upper wall of the bulbus, opening into
it through a slit, and is not conected with it by a short stalk.

The tongue is not broad, but nearly fills the buccal cavity, with a flat
furrow for the radula. This last has a naked rhachis, with a low and
narrow, longitudinal fold. The pleure contain a very large, com-
pressed, upright, lateral plate, with a large body and a rather short,
strong hook, denticulated or plain along the inner margin; at the
outer side of the large plate are several (four to eight) small, external
plates (increasing in number backwards). The salivary glands long,
thicker in their foremost part. The cesophagus with a little, crop-like
diverticle at its root. Above the pyloric part of the intestine opens a

1 The genus Calycidoris, of Abraham (Notes on some new genera of
Nudibranchiate Moll., Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., 4th ser., xviii, 1876, p. 182 ;
and Revision of the Anthobranchiate Nudibr. Moll., P. Z.8., 1877, p. 224),
which is said to be allied to the Acanthodorides and Lamellidorides, still
differs by its ‘“‘subretractile’’ gill, with simple pinnate leaves, and does
not possess external plates on the radula. The genus is very probably
apocryphal ; in the phanerobranchiate Doridide it often happens that the
gill appears as if more or less retracted in a cavity. A single new species
is mentioned, of unknown habitat, the C. Guntheri, Abr., 1. ¢., p. 183, Pl.
vis figs d.

2 Alder and Hancock mention and figure (1. ¢., Pl. 15, fig. 2, 3) the
branchial leaves as ‘‘ united at the base ;’”? so do Meyer and Moebius (I. c.,
p. 65); this is not the case. The leaves are quite isolated, but there are
usually one or two foliola standing between them, which might simulate a
coherence of the leaves (cf. also Pl. xv, fig. 6, A. and H.).

3 These thickenings of the euticle have been regarded, both by Alder
and Hancock, and more lately by Meyer and Moebius (1, c., p. 64, taf. v
A, fig. 8, K 9), as “‘jaws,’’ but have hardly anything in common with those
organs properly so called.

EXPLORATION OF ALASKA. 239

little sac, which seems to be homologous with the biliary sac (pancreas,
autt.) of other Dorididx. Alder and Hancock, therefore, have de-
nominated that part of the digestive tract as “stomach,” although it
in no essential respect differs from the rest of the intestine, and is
just like that part in the Chromodorides, and should be undoubtedly
regarded as the pyloric part of thesintestine, when that sac opened
lower down, as in the Chromodorides,' in the cavity, which is included
in the liver, and seems to be the true stomach. The spermatoduct and
the chief duct of the spermatotheca (vagina) are of very considerable
length; the former consisting of two different parts, a superior softer,
and an inferior very muscular part, internaliy clothed with an arma-
ture, which is continuous through the penis. ‘This last is rather short,
the superior part solid and projecting as an armed glans into the in-
ferior, hollow part (preputium). The armature consists of rows of
hooks continued in the interior of the organ, and, as mentioned above,
farther upwards; quite like that of the Polyceride, Phyllidiidx’
and Doriopsidex.*

About the biological relations of these forms very little is yet known
and that only with reference to the typical species, through Alder and
Hancock, as well as Meyer and Moebius. The spawn is figured by
Alder and Hancock ‘1. ¢., Pl. 15, fig 9), and by Meyer and Moebius
(1. ¢., fig. 13, 14); about the development nothing is yet known.

The few known species of this genus seem limited to the northern
parts of the Atlantic and of the Pacific.

1. Acanthodoris pilosa (O. F. Miller). Oceanum Atlanticum et Pacificum.
Doris pilosa, Cuv. :
Doris stellata (Gm.), Cuy.°®

1 Cf. my Malacolog. Unters. (Semper, Philipp., I, ii), Heft xi, 1877, p.
464-494 ; Neue Nacktschnecken der Siidsee, ii, Journ. der Mus. Godeftroy,
Heft viii, 1875, p. 72-82; ¢dem, iv, 1. c., Heft xiv, 1879, p. 1-21.

2 Of. my Malacolog. Unters. (Semper, Philipp., II, ii), Heft xi, 1877
(Trevelyana, Nembrotha).

3 Of. my Bidr. til en Monogr. af Phyllidierne, Naturh., Tidskr. 3, R. V.,
1869; Malacolog. Unters. (Semper, Philipp., II, ii), Heft x, 1876, p. 377-
387.

4 Cf., 1. c., Heft x, 1876, p. 384-387; Journ. der Mus. Godeffroy, Heft
viii, 1875, p. 82-94.

5 According to Fischer (Note sur quelques especes du G. Doris, décrites
par Cuvier, Journ de Conchyl. 3 sér. x, 1870, p. 290), the Doris stel’atu,
Cuv., and the D. levis, Cuv , are identical with his D. pilosa, and this with
the typical form of Miller.

The D. stellata of Philippi seems a quite different form, a Platyd ris

240 SCIENTIFIC RESULTS OF THE

Doris levis, Cuv.
? Doris fusca, O. F. Mill., Zool. Dan. (descer.).!
? Doris tomentosa, Lovén, Index Moll. 1846, p. 4.
2. A. subquadrata (Ald. et Hanc.). Oceanum Atlanticum.
* Doris subquadrata, A. et H. Monogr., Part. V, 1851, fam. 1, Plate
16, f. 1-3; Part VII, 1855, p. 43, and III, Pl. 46, Suppl. f. 14.
? (D. stellata, Cuv.?). Lebeit, Beob. tiber die Mundung einiger
Gasteropoden. J. Miiller, Arch., 1846, p. 441-446, Taf. XII, fig.
10-13.
3. A. cerulescens, Bgh., n. sp. Oceanum Pacificum.

A, ernata, Verrill. Notice of recent additions to the mar. fauna of the
eastern coast of North Amer. XXXVIII; Amer. Journ. of Sc. and
Arts, XVI, 1878, p. 313. Oc. Atlant.

5. A. stellata (Gm.), Verr., l. c., p. 318, D. bifida, Verr. Oc. Atlant.

6. A. citrina, Verr., 1. c., p. 313. Oc. Atlant.

7% A. ? mollicella, Abraham, 1. ¢,, 1877, p. 228, Pl. XXX, fig. 1-4. Oc.
Pacificum.

8. A. ? globosa, Abr., 1. c., 1877, p. 228, Pl. XXX, fig. 5-9. Oc. Pacif.

1. Acanthodoris pilosa (0. F. Miiller). Plate X, fig. 12-15; Plate XI, fig. 1-25
Plate X{1; Plate XIII, fig. 2-5.

Acanthodoris pilosa (O. F. Miller), Alder and Hancock. Monogr. Br.
Nudibr. Moll., Part V, 1851, fam. 1, Plate I, f. 1, 3-5, 12; Plate 2,
f, 2-6; Plate 15; Part VII, 1855, Plate 46; Suppl. Plate 48, f. 1,

Doris pilosa (O, F. Miller), Meyer und Moebius, Fauna der Kieler Bucht,
I, 1865, p. 63-67 ¢. tab., taf. V, A.

Color pagine superioris corporis albus vel luteus vel fuscus vel
griseus vel rubro-brunneus vel niger.

Dentes radule hamo pro parte denticulato.

Hab. Oceanum Atlanticum septentr., Pacific. septentr.

(Platyd. Philippii, Bgh.). Cf. my Malacolog. Untersuch. (Semper, Philipp.
IL, 11.). Heft. xii 1877, p. 507. |,

1 Tt. is in most cases a quite useless task to try to elucidate the species of
Dorides of the elder authors; their examinations were all too superficial
and their descriptions don’t contain the data necessary for their verifica-
tion. The best way would be to wholly cancel these names (D. fusca, M.;
D., levis, L., etc.) which have given later authors so much trouble. On the
Doris fusca of O. Fabricius, Morch has even formed a genus Proctaporta
(Rink. Grénland. I, 1857. Tillag. 4, p. 78), that must be cancelled, too.

2 The short statements of Lebert about form and color of the animal
examined by him can scarcely entirely prohibit the identification of it with
the species described by Alder and Hancock. The figures of the (tongue)
teeth given by Lebert, rough as they are, suffice, on the other hand, to
secure the identification with the D. swbguadrata, or at least with a nearly
related species.

EXPLORATION OF ALASKA. 241

Of this species I have had a lot of specimens for examination, all
preserved in spirits; partly (two) from the neighborhood of Bergen
(Norway), kindly sent by Mr. Friele, partly (one) from the Frith of
Kiel, sent by Prof. Moebius; but particularly (seventeen) from the
coast of Denmark (Strib, lille Balt.)

The individuals varied much in color. The variability of the color
is noted by Alder and Hancock. They were whitish, or whitish sprinkled
with brownish, or dark (bluish) gray, or yellowish, or brownish, or
reddish-brown on the back, with whitish or yellowish sides and foot.
The length reaching 12.0 mm., by a breadth of 8.0 and a height of
5.0 mm.; the foot then about 4.0 mm. broad, the branchial leaves
reaching to the height of about 1.0 mm.

The back covered all over with the soft, slender, conical and pointed,
erect (or curved) papilla of very different sizes, most of them small;
between these are larger ones;! some of the largest divided into two
or three points, and some of them connate and forming small crests,
divided above into two or three points. The margins of the sheaths
of the rhinophoria rather prominent, divided into several (six to eight)
smaller and larger pointed lobes ; the club of the rhinophoria with about
twelve to twenty leaves.2 The branchia, in both Norwegian specimens,
with eight tripinnate leaves, otherwise with seven-to nine (as men-
tioned by Meyer and Moebius). The anal papilla low, with several
papillule and a star-shaped aperture; on a low crest, issuing from its
posterior, is a strong papilla, The head and the tentacles (Plate X,
fig. 146) as figured by Alder and Hancock (1. ¢., Plate 15, fig. 1),
‘ The anterior margin of the foot with a fine transverse furrow (Plate X,
fiz. 14a), The genital opening is a longitudinal slit (Plate XI, fig. 2).

The peritoneum was mostly of reddish-brown color,

The central nervous system showed® the cerebral ganglia rounded-
triangular, not much flattened, a little larger than the more rounded
visceral, which lie behind and on the outside of them and show a slight
notch in the outside; on the inferior side of the visceral ganglia the
pedal ones are set nearly perpendicular on the latter, connected by the

1 Alder and Hancock, also Meyer and Moebius give eighteen to twenty
leaves, Cf. the figures 7-8 of Meyer and Moebius,

2 Collingwood (Ann. Mag. N. H., 3 ser, vi, 1859, p. 463) remarks that it
¢ when not in motion bears a great resemblance to a miniature hedgehog.”’

* The representation of the system given by Hancock and Embleton (On
the anatomy of Doris, Philos, Transact. MDCCCLU, Plate 17, f. 8) is not
very like nature,

949 SCIENTIFIC RESULTS OF THE

three distinct commissures, which are nearly as long as the diameter
of the ganglia. From the outer part of the right visceral ganglion
issues a nerve nearly as long as the transverse diameter of the whole
central nervous system and swelling to a rather large ganglion (gangl.
penis) at the root of the penis; this ganglion contains only rather
small cells and gives off three or four strong and several thinner nerves
(Plate X, fig. 15). The part of the brain which gives off the nervus
opticus, simulates a ganglion. The proximal ganglia olfactovia bulbi-
form, somewhat smaller than the buccal ganglia, but much larger than
the distal ganglia olfactoria; the buccal ganglia flattened, rounded, con-
nected by a rather short commissure ; the ganglia gastro-cesophagalia
rounded, having about one-fifth of the size of the last, containing one
very large cell and a few smaller.

The eyes with black pigment and yellowish lens. The otocysts
lying at the hinder part of the cerebral ganglia, as large as the eyes;
with numerous small otokonia, which in the specimens from Tiel,
were not much calcified. No trace of spicula in the leaves or other
parts of the rhinophoria. ‘The spicula of the skin were, so to speak,
limited to the margins of the mantle and of the foot; in the last they
were chiefly arranged perpendicularly or obliquely against the margin,
except that in the foremost and hinder part of the sole some few spic-
ula were seen scattered.

The amount of spicula in the skin seems to vary notably in the
Acanthodoris pilosa, as seems to be the case in general in different
forms of Doridide, especially, as far as hitherto known, in the Poly-
ceratide (Polycera, Ancula). (Cf. Meyer and Moebius, Fauna der
Kieler Bucht, I, 1865, pp. 52, 60.) Frey and Leuckart (Beitr. zur
Kenntn. wirbellose Thiere, 1847, p. 145, described a very regular
position of the spicula, but not, as it seems, in accordance with nature.

In the margin of the mantle the spicula were arranged as figured by
Alder and Hanc., 1. ¢., Part VII, Pl. 48, supplem. fig. 1, only more con-
centrically at the transition from the margin to the side of the body; a
narrow belt of spicula crossed the back before the region of the gill.
Some spicula were also seen in the tentacles. The spicula reached a
notable length (at least 0.6 mm.), in old individuals they were more
calcified than in younger ones. The skin was filled with unicellular
olands, especially in the dorsal papill.!

The mouth-tube was wide and strong, about 1.5 mm. long; the
bulbus pharyngeus in the largest individuals about 2.75 mm. long, by

1 Cf. the (not very good) fig. 6 by Meyer and Moebius.

e
EXPLORATION OF ALASKA. 243

a breadth of 2.0 and a height of about 3.0 mm.; the sheath of the
radula projecting backward nearly 1.0 mm. ; the lip-disk sometimes
surrounded by a ring of black pigment. The armature of the lip-
disk entirely as shown (Pl. XI, figs. 1-4, 10-11) by me in the form
from the Pacific, also the crop (Pl. XIII, fig. 2) of the bulbus.!
The tongue in the eight specimens examined was provided with five,
seven, eight, nine rows of plates, farther backwards also sixteen to
twenty developed, and three younger rows ; the total number amount-
ing thus to from twenty-seven to thirty.” The large lateral teeth? yellow
in the body, especially in the anterior-inferior part, with commonly five
to eight denticles on the inside of the hook ; sometimes, especially in
the younger plates, the number of denticles rose to eleven to fifteen,
sometimes the three to four outermost denticles were much larger than
the rest, sometimes the denticulation was quite irregular; the height
of this plate reached 0.4 mm. ‘The outer plates (Pl. XJ, fig. 1) com-
monly four to six, seldom séven to eight; in a series of four on the
hinder part of the tongue, the outermost measured about 0.05, the next
0.09, 0.11, 0.125 mm.; they were quite colorless, compressed, with
the upper side flattened, and rather erect.

The salivary glands as in the purple-colored form from the Pacific.
No constant dilatation of the middle of the @sophagus (as figured,
Pl. I, f. 12g, by Alder and Hancock), but a strong, particular one at
the root as figured (1. c. Pl. I, f. 12/) by Alder and Hancock and by
me (Gatt. nordischer Doriden, |. c. Taf. XIX, fig. 14c). The
stomach as in the Pacific form; the intestine sometimes dilated in its
first part, sometimes absolutely of the same caliber as the rest, and
neither externally vor internally different from it; a little bag
(biliary sac) which has been noticed by Alder and Hancock (1. ¢. Pl.
I, fig. 124), opening into the right side of this part of the intestine.
The posterior visceral mass (liver) flattened and excavated on the
anterior-inferior right half. The sanguineous gland whitish, convexo-
concave, short and irregularly kidney-formed, with the excavation

1 The first specimens of the Northern Atlantic left at my disposition
being too small and too few for a thorough examination, I am obliged to
refer to my examination given herewith of the form from the Pacific. Cf.
moreover my figures in ‘‘Gatt. nord. Doriden,’’ 1. c. Pl. XIX, figs. 10, 11.
The crop is rather well figured by Alder and Hane. (1. c. Pl. I, f, 12c).

2 According to Meyer and Moebius, the number of plates (‘of the
radula’’) is thirty-one, to Alder and Hancock, twenty-seven.

3 Cf. my Gattungen nordischer Doriden, 1. c. Taf. XIX, fig. 12.

944 SCIENTIFIC RESULTS OF THE

forwards, transversely situated, with a largest diameter of 3.0 mm.
The renal chamber and the syrinx as in the form from the Pacific.

The hermaphroditic gland as in this last variety, its white color con-
trasting with the hue of the liver. The anterior genital mass of short
pyramidal form, with the point outwards, about 4.75 mm. long, the
breadth and the height a little less. The ampulla of the hermaphro-
ditic gland yellowish-white, forming a single ansa, about 4.0 mm. long,
by a diameter of 0.75 mm. lying on the upper part of the back of the
mucous gland. The spermatoduct yellowish, about 15.0 mm. long,
constricted a little above the middle of its length; strong, sloping into
the penis, which is about 1.0 mm. long. The armature of the penis
entirely as in the form from the Pacific, continued backwards in the
interior of the spermatoduct for a length of 6.0 mm.; the hooks
rising to the height of about 0.035 mimn., nearly colorless.! The sper-
matotheca (Pl. XIII, fig. 5a) spherical, of a diameter of about 2 0
mia., greenish or whitish ; the spermatocysta (fig. 5b) much smaller,
pyriform, yellowish ; both filled with sperma The chief duct (the
vagina, fig. 5dd) very long, with several (four) longitudinal folds, which
are folded again transversely ; the structure seemed to resemble en-
tirely the form from the Pacific ; in the cavity was more or less sperma.
The mucous gland yellow and yellowish-white ; the fold of the duct
with brownish-gray points, but no black pigment on the lower part of
the vagina or penis.

One specimen of this typical form, with “brown mantle,’
all respects agreeing with the Atlantic, was dredged by Dall at Kyska,
in June, 1873, on rocky bottom at the depth of ten fathoms.

An individual of a (in living state) ‘ yellowish-white ” variety was
dredged by Dall in Popoff Strait (Shumagin Islands), on rocky bot-
tom at a depth of six fathoms.

The animal preserved in spirits was 10.0 mm. long, by a breadth of
6.0 and a height of 4.5 mm.; the rhinophoria 1.5 mm. high, the gill
1.0 mm., the foot 3.0 mm. broad. The color yellowish-white. In the
club of the rhinophoria about thirty leaves; nine branchial leaves ;
the anal papilla with three small protuberances; the renal pore very
distinct on the right side. The genital opening very wide; the bul-
bus pharyngeus 2.0 mm. long; the tongue with seven rows of plates,

oD?

the total number of these twenty-six (16 + 3); five external

? and in

1 The armature of the penis has been first seen by H. Friele and G,
Armauer Hansen (Bidr. til Kundsk. om de Norske Nudibranchiar. Christi-
ania, Vidsk. Selsk, Forh,, 1875, extras, p, 4),

EXPLORATION OF ALASKA. 245

plates. The diverticle of the cesophagus nearly as large as the true
bulbus. The spermatoduct and the penis as usual, also the vagina ;
the spermatotheca of 1.6 mm. largest diameter. No trace of pig-
ment on the vagina or penis, and the peritoneum was colorless.

Another variety of the species, with “brown mantle and yellowish-
white papillae,” was dredged by Dall, in Yukon Harbor (Shumagins),
in August, 1874, on sand and stones, at a depth of six to twenty
fathoms.

The individual preserved in spirits was 9.0 mm. long, by a breadth
of 6.5 mm., and a height of 4.5 mm.; the breadth of the foot 4.0 mm.,
the height of the gill 1.5mm. The back of the animal densely brown-
dotted, especially the circumference of the gill and the free area left
in the middle of the gill; the dorsal papille all whitish; the stalk of
the rhinophoria and the inferior part of the club densely dotted with
brown, also, in a somewhat slighter degree, the outside of the branchial
leaves. The under side of the mantle and the upper side of the margin
of the foot and, in a slighter degree, the sides of the body and the sole
of the foot dotted with an enormous quantity of brownish-gray points.
The form as usual, The gill with nine leaves, of which the two pos-
terior were much smaller than the others.

The central nervous system as usual; the otocysts very conspicuous
under the magnifier as chalk-white points. The mouth-tube 2.0 mm.
long. The bulbus pharyngeus 2.0 mm. long; the sheath of the radula
projecting 2.0 mm., bent downwards. The armature of the lip-disk
(Pl. XII, fig. 10, 11) very like that of the var. ulbescens (ef. Pl. XIII,
fig. 4). ‘Che buccal crop as usual. The tongue with nine rows of
plates; the total number of rows, twenty-five (13+3). The large
lateral plates as usual; the denticulations rather long and somewhat
irregular. ‘The number of the external plates (fig. 12) reaching to six:

The salivary glands, the cesophagus with its diverticle, the pyloric
part of the intestine with its bag (biliary sac), and the liver, as usual.
The sanguineous gland rather large, covering, besides the central
nervous system, the whole of the bulbus pharyngeus.

In the lobes of the hermaphroditic gland, masses of zojsperms. The
anterior genital mass of the usual form; the ampulla of the herma-
phroditic duct somewhat larger. ‘The spermatoduct as usual; so, too,
the penis, with its armature; the length of the glans about 0.5 mm.
The spermatotheca and the spermatocysta as usual; also the chief
duct (vagina), the cavity of the last filled with sperma. The mucous
gland yellowish-white and in the centre (albuminous gland) brownish-

246 SCIENTIFIC RESULTS OF THE

yellow. Very scanty black pigment on the inferior part of the vagina
and of the penis; the peritoneum of the back, on the contrary, very
dark brown.

2. Acanthodoris pilosa (0. I’. Miiller), var. albescens, Pl. X, fig. 14, 15; Pl. XT, fig. 2;
Pl. XI, fig. 13-16.
Color flavescente-albidus.
Hamus dentium (linguz) edeniulus vel parce denticulatus.
Habitat. Oceanum Pacificum septentrion. (Aleutian Islands).

Two rather large specimens of this variety have been dredged by
Dall, in June and July, 1873, at Kyska Harbor (Aleutians), on sand
or on rocky bottom, at a depth of nine to fourteen fathoms.

According to Dall, the color of the living animal was “ yellowish-
white;” that of the specimens preserved in spirits was so, too, but
very likely much more whitish. The length was 16.0 or 17.0 mm.,
by a breadth of 6.5 to 8.0 mm., and a height of 6.5 mm.; the height
of the rhinophoria 2.5 to 3.0 mm., of the gill 3.0 to 4.0 mm.; the
breadth of the foot 5 0 or 6.0 mm., the length of the genital opening
2.0 or 3.0 mm. The form as in the typical D. pilosa; the rhinophoria
showed about twenty-five broad leaves in the club; there were nine
branchial leaves ; the anal papilla very low; the renal pore rather large.

The central nervous system as previously described. The distal
olfactory ganglion small; a large (diameter, 0.4 mm.) ganglion penis
(fig. 15). The eyes with rich, coal-black pigment ; the otocysts visible
under a lens as chalk-white points, with about one hundred and fifty
otokonia.

The bulbus pbaryngeus 3.5 mm. long, with the sheath of the radula
projecting 1.3 to 1.5 mm.; the height of the bulbus, with the crop,
4.0 to 4.5 mm., its breadth 2.5 to 3.0 mm.

The older elements of the lip-plate (Pl. XII, figs. 13, 14) agreeing
in form with those of the typical species, but oftener showing a granu-
lated interior ; the said elements reaching a length of about 0.04 mm.
The diameter of the disk and mouth about 3.0 mm. The breadth of
either half of the disk 0.66 mm.

The tongue showed nine or ten rows of teeth; the whole number of
rows, twenty-nine (16 or17+3). The large lateral teeth were as in the
typical species, reaching 0.65 mm. in height (PI. XII, fig. 15, 16),
without or with only a very slight denticulation of the hook (fig. 15),
The number of the outer teeth, three to five.!

1 Cf. my Gatt. nordischer Doriden, 1. ¢., ‘Taf. xix, fig. 13.

EXPLORATION OF ALASKA. 247

The salivary glands deeply imbedded in the cavity for the oesophagus
at the fore-end of the liver. The csophagus with its rather large
(1.5 mm. long) diverticle, the stomach, the intestine with its little
(1.0 mm. long) bag, as above. The liver 7.0 to 9.0 mm. long, 5.0 to 6.0
mm. broad, 5.0 to 6.25 mm. high, of yellowish-gray color. The san-
guineous gland of irregular, oval form, of a largest diameter of 4.0
mm., by a thickness of 1.0 mm., and of grayish color. The renal syrinx
about 0.75 mm. long.

The anterior genital mass 6.0 or 7.0 mm. long, 4.0 to 6.0 mm. high,
and 3.0 or 4.0 mm. thick. The ampulla as usual; also the (about
40.0 mm. long) spermatoduct and the (nearly 2.0 mm. long) penis,
with its armature; the hooks often set in pairs. The spermatotheca
(diameter, 4.0 mm.) and the spermatocysta (diameter, 1.5 mm.) as
above ; the chief duct, with the vagina (about 23.0 mm. long, by a
diameter of 0.4 to 1.0 mm.), as usual, and also its internal cellular
clothing (Pl. X, fig. 13); the yeliow nucleoli somewhat brighter; the
cavity nearly filled with sperma. The mucous gland as usual. No
black pigment on theginferior part of the vagina or on the penis.

8. Acanthodoris pilosa (0. F. Miiller), var. purpurea, Pl. XII, fig. 1-9.

Color e purpureo brunneus et flavescente-albidus,
Habitat. Oceanum Pacificum septentrion. Insule Aleutiane (Una-
lashka).

Only two specimens of this species were dredged by Dall, in Sep-
tember, 1874, on mud and stones, at a depth of about sixty fathoms.

The color of the living animal was, according to Dall, “ purple-brown
and yellowish-white.”” The length of the animals preserved in spirits
was 24.0 or 25.0 mm., by a breadth of 9.0 or 10.0.mm., and a height
of 7.5 mm.; the foot 6.0 mm. broad; the height of the rhinophoria
about 3.0 mm., of the branchial leaves 2.3 mm. The color of the
back reddish-brown ; the stalk of the rhinophoria brownish, the club
yellowish ; the branchial leaves yellowish-white, the last brownish at
the rhachis; the under side of the mantle margin, with the sides of
the body, the head and the foot, yellowish-white, dotted with brownish-
gray all over, the color much more scanty on the sides of the foot and
still more so on the head and on the sole of the foot.

The form was somewhat elongate. The back covered all over with
pointed, rather (0.75 mm.) high, digitiform, soft papille and with inter
mixed smaller ones. The margin of the rhinophor-holes with several
pointed, projecting, digitiform processes; the stout club of the rhino-

248 SCIENTIFIC RESULTS OF THE

phoria with about twenty leaves. The branchial leaves strong, (in both
individuals) eight in number, the two hindermost separated by a narrow
crest, which rises into a larger papilla; before this the anal papilla,
covered with some papilla, at its-‘right side is the renal pore; on the
space before it were several smaller papillz. The under side of the
free margin of the mantle (about 2.0 mm. broad) smooth. The head
large, the tentacles short. ‘The genital opening a rather large, cres-
centic orifice. The foot rounded behind.

The peritoneum was richly dotted on the back with brownish-red.

The central nervous system nearly quite as in Ac. pilosa; the
proximal olfactory ganglia of oval form, true distal ones could not be
detected in the root of the rhinophoria, but only a fusiform swelling of
the nerve, with scattered nervous cells. The subcerebral and pedal
commissures connected, the visceral isolated. The buccal ganglia
larger than the olfactory, of oval form, connected by a commissure
nearly as long as each ganglion; the gastro-cesophageal ganglia de-
veloped on the side of the nerve, which is a little longer than the
ganglion, and in size about one-fifth of the former; the contents one
very large cell, three or four smaller and several quite small ones.
On the upper part of the penis the large ganglion genitale, of about
the diameter of 0.3 mm., rounded, partly covered with black pigment,
consisting of only rather small cells; in the first parts of the nerves
given off from the ganglion, one or two rows of nervous cells of the
same kind as in the ganglion.

The eyes with black pigment, yellow lens; the optic nerve rather
long. As chalk-white points the otocysts were situated on the hinder
part of the cerebral ganglia, where they touched the pedal ones; they
were filled with solid, yellowish otokonia of about the usual form and
size, but, in both respects, rather irregular. In the leaves of the
rhinophoria no spicula. In the margin of the mantle and of the foot
almost no spicula at all, but everywhere in the skin, especially on the
back and the papilla, were an enormous quantity of large and small
‘glandular openings. In the interstitial connective tissue were hardly
any calcified cells at all.

The mouth-tube was about 2.3 mm, long, wide, with a glandular belt
on the outside, not closed below; on the inside lined with a yellowish
cuticula. The bulbus pharyngeus strong, about 4.0 mm. long, and
the sheath of the radula projecting nearly 1.0 mm. from the posterior
part of the under side, directed straight backwards or downwards; the
height (through the buccal crop) 4.0 mm,, the breadth 2.5mm. The

EXPLORATION OF ALASKA. DAYQ

buceal crop making nearly half of the whole bulbus, and of the usual
form ; the walls very thick ; the compressed and rather small cavity
communicating through a long cleft with the anterior half of the
small buccal cavity. The lip-disk (fig. 1) of rounded contour, clothed
throughout its whole breadth (on each side to about 0.5 mm.) with the
light, horn-yellow colored armature; the lowest part of this, as usual
in the Acanthodorides, injured or wanting; the breadth of the belt
decreasing towards the upper end, where it is interrupted in the middle
line, also at the lower end. The armature (fig. 2b), 3), 4) composed
of hooks, whose points are directed forwards (towards the opening of
the mouth), nearly like, but still differing a little from those in the
typical Ac. pilosa, reaching the height of about 0.04 mm., yellowish,
with rounded, bifid or irregularly cleft points. The lancet-shaped
(fig. la, 2a, 3a) blades at the inferior angle of the mouth as usual.
The tongue with nine or ten series of ‘plates, farther backwards
thirteen to fifteen developed and three undeveloped series; the tota]
number in this way, twenty-five to twenty-eight. The large lateral
plates relatively larger than in the Ac. pilosa, and (fig. 5, 6) less
thick in the anterior-inferior part of the body, with relatively larger
hook; the denticulation of this last much weaker and much more
irregular; in one specimen generally two to four denticles, sometimes
only a few very insignificant ones or none at all (fig. 6); and this was
the case with the other specimen, in which only some few plates showed
two small denticles.'_ he outer lateral plates as in the typical form,
scarcely more than from four to six.

The salivary glands whitish, rather strong at their short first part,
in the rest of their length thin (fig. 7), accompanying the cesophagus
to the cardia; the duct rather short (fig. 7a).

The cesophagus forming a little crop,? with thin walls and longitu-
dinal folds on the inside; in the rest of its length rather thin. The
stomach rather small, with the usual biliary apertures. The intestine
(fig. 8a) somewhat inflated in its first part, with many rather strong
folds and one particularly thick; a little over the point, where it
appears on the surface of the visceral mass, on the right side, a little,

scarcely pedunculated bag (fig. 8b), of the length of 1.0 to 1.25 mm.,
with fine, longitudinal folds; the rest of the intestine (fig. 8c) some-
what narrower; the total length of the intestine about 12.0 to 13.0

1 Although very like the plates of the Atlantic form, they still bore a
somewhat peculiar aspect.
2 Cf. my Gattungen nordischer Doriden, 1. ¢., Taf, xix, fig, 14,

250 SCIENTIFIC RESULTS OF THE

mm., by a diameter of 1.0 to 1.5 mm. The contents of the stomach
and of the intestine indeterminable animal matter, mixed with an
enormous quantity of different and partly very handsome forms of
Diatomacee, with some polythalamia and some small copepoda, and
fragments of the same. ;

The liver about 9-9.5 mm. long by a breadth (at the forepart) of
6.5-5.5 and a height of 6.25-6.0 mm.; the posterior half somewhat
pointed, the anterior notably flattened and excavated on the right side ;
around the cardia the liver appeared naked (not covered by the her-
maphroditic gland) of (greenish) gray color, in sections it was yel-
lowish.

The ramifications of the aorta nearly as in the typical Doridide,'
the root of the posterior aorta still longer and the Art. syringis renalis
stronger and more ramified. The sanguineous gland yellowish- leant
rather flattened, of irregular triangular form, lobulated, about 3.5 mm.
long.

The renal chamber large ; the yellowish-white renal syrinx about
0.75 mm. long, its tube somewhat more than twice as long, imme-
diately continuous with the tube on the floor of the renal chamber.

The hermaphroditic gland easily distinguishable from the liver
through its more whitish color; the secondary (ovigerous) lobes rather
small; in the lobes zoUsperms and large odgene cells. The anterior
genital mass of plano-convex heart-shape with the point down and
backwards; the length about 5.0 mm. by a breadth of 4.0 and a height
of 5.0mm. The ampulla of the very thin and white hermaphroditic
duct resting on the upper posterior part of the mucous gland, yellow,
short and thick (4.0 mm. long by a diameter of about 1.25 mm. form-
ing a simple ansa. The vas deferens yellowish, strong, resting upon
the upper side of the genital mass with its large coils and freely de-
scending before its anterior margin to the penis, constricted about the
(fig. 9¢) middle of its total length (30.0-35.0 mm.). ‘The penis forming
the end of the spermatoduct somewhat thicker, about 2.0 mm. long,
somewhat curved ; its lower part hollow, the rest solid and prominent
in the cavity of the former as a cylindrical glans of the length of about
06mm. The glans with about ten series of yellowish hooks, which
from a rather large basis raised to the height of about 0.04 mm.; the
continuation of the armature reaching through the interior of the glans
and of the spermatoduct nearly up to the stricture of the last, but the

1 Cf. my Malacolog. Unters. (Semper, Philipp.) Tab. XLVIII, fig. 11.

EXPLORATION OF ALASKA. 251

number of series here smaller, about five to eight. The spermatotheca
whitish, forming an oval bag of 3.0 mm. largest diameter ; the sperma-
tocysta yellowish, of 1.3-1.5 mm. largest diameter, the ducts as in the
typical Ac. pilosa. The chief duct, too, very (about 25.0 mm.) long,
rolled up in many coils, partly spiral, the diameter varying between about
0 3 and 0.75 mm.; the last fourth of the duct (vagina) with scattered
black pigment, somewhat narrower and with a rather strong retractor
muscle at its commencement; the interior of this duct with some few
strong longitudinal folds, clothed with a cuticula, and under the same a
very fine layer of round and angulated cells with a large round or oval
nucleus of the diameter of about 0.4mm. and a rather large yellow
nucleolus (Pl. X, fig. 13). In the cavity of the vagina more or less
sperma.' The mucous gland yellowish and white’; the central mass
(albuminous gland) yellow ; the duct with scattered black pigment on
the outside (also on the outside of the lower part of the penis), with
the usual fold. The vestibulum genitale with black pigment on the
folds, the same pigment was seen in the lowest part of the cavity of
the penis and of the vagina and on the folds of the duct of the mucous
gland.

A very similar animal, but ‘with brown mantle,’”’ was dredged by
Dall in Kyska Harbor (Aleutians) in July, 1878, on sand, at a depth
of nine to fourteen fathoms.

It was of large size; the length 21.0 mm., by a breadth of 11.0 and
a height of 9.0 mm.; the margin of the mantle 2.0 mm. broad, the foot
6.0 mm. broad; the height of the rhinophoria and of the gill 38 mm.;
the genital aperture 3.0 mm. broad. The color dirty brown on the
upper side ; the rhinophoria and the branchial leaves yellowish, dotted
with grayish, especially on the stalk of the rhinophoria; the sole of
the foot yellowish, the under side of the animal whitish ; the under
side everywhere with an enormous quantity of gray and black dots.
The number of branchial leaves nine.

The peritoneum black-brown; the central nervous system, eyes,
otocysts, as previously described. The bulbus pharyngeus of the
length of 4.5 mm. by a breadth of 3.0 and a height (with the crop)
of 4°75 mm.; the sheath of the radula projecting 1.25 mm. ; the crop
alone of the height of 2.3 mm. and 3.25 mm. broad. The lip-disk as
above, the thickenings in the lowest part of the mouth 1.2 mm. long,
of which nearly half freely projected. On the tongue nine rows of

' The length of the spermatoduct and the duct of the spermatotheca,
(vagina) was much more considerable than in the typical form.
5

252 SCIENTIFIC RESULTS OF THE

plate, farther backwards eighteen developed and three younger rows,
the total number thirty; the plates denticulated as previously men-
tioned, the height of the large plates rising to 0.7 mm.; the number
of external plates four to five. The cesophageal diverticle of a largest
diameter of about 3.0mm. The pars pylorica of the intestine of about
4.5 mm. length, with higher folds than in the rest of the intestine, which
had a length of about 15.0 mm.; the bag at the first part of the intes-
tine 1.5mm. long. The liver 12.0 mm. long by a breadth of 8.0 and a
height of 6.0 mm. The sanguineous glands whitish, 5.0 mm. long by
a breadth of 6.0 mm. and 2.0 mm. thick, convexo-concave, the fore-end
flattened (by the buccal crop), the hinder end with two transverse fur-
rows (produced by two coils of the spermatoduct; the anterior genita]
mass 8.0 mm. long by a breadth of 3.5 and a height of 7.5 mm. The
ampulla of the hermaphroditic duct 5.0 mm. long, whitish. The coils
of the spermatoduct and of the vagina in this individual covering the
upper side of the mucous gland, and ascending to the back between
the pharyngeal bulbus and the liver; a coil of the former embraced
the sheath of the radula. The first part of the spermatoduct 12.0 mm.
long, the last of the length of about 25.0 mm; the penis about 3.5 mm.
- long, the armature as usual. The spermatotheca nearly spherical, of
3.5 mm. diameter ; the spermatocysta yellowish, round, with a diameter
of 1.5 mm.; the chief duct (vagina) 33.0 mm. long with a general
diameter of 1.2 mm.; the structure of the wall as above; the last, nar-
rower part (from the m. retractor downwards), 5.0 mm. long, The
vestibulum, as well as the inferior part of the vagina and of the penis,
with very scanty black pigment.

4. Acanthodoris cerulescens, Bgh., n. sp. Plate XIII, fig. 6-7; Plate XIV, fig. 16.

Color pagine superioris corporis czerulescens.
Dentes radule hamo per totam fere longitudinem denticulato.
Hab. Mare Beringianum (Nunivak Island).

One specimen of this species was found by Dall at the north end of
Nunivak Island, Bering Sea, in July, 1874, on stony bottom, at the
depth of eight fathoms.

According to Dall, the color of the living animal was bluish. The
animal preserved in alcohol had the length of 14.0 mm. by a height of
5.0 and a breadth of 8.0 mm. ; the length of the foot was 12.5 mm. by
a breadth of 6.5 mm.; the height of the rhinophoria 2.0, of the bran-
chial leaves 1.5 mm. ‘he color uniformly yellowish-white, with the
back of a slightly bluish hue.

EXPLORATION OF ALASKA. 253

The form elongate-oval. The back covered all over with irregular
(the greatest height reaching about 1.5 mm.), conical, rather soft and
flexible papillw, in general larger than in the typical species. The
margin of the rhinophor-holes thin, somewhat prominent, with two
anterior strong tubercles and a posterior much smaller one; the stalk
of the club rather low, the latter with about twenty-five to thirty leaves.
The branchia consisting of nine to ten leaves, the adjacent border set
with several strong tubercles; the branchial leaves quite isolated at
their base, apparently simply pinnate. The anus prominent, before
the same a small tubercle, behind it a much larger one. The margin
of the mantle rather thin, on the upper side covered with a mass of
smaller and larger papilla and tubercles, the under side smooth. The
head broad, flat, with prominent rounded, flattened tentacula. The
foot broad, rounded behind.

The central nervous system as in the typical species; the buceal
ganglia rounded, the commissure between them very short. The eyes
with black pigment and yellow lens. The otocysts a little smaller
than the eyes, with numerous otokonia of the usual form, and reaching
a length of 0.03 mm. The leaves of the rhinophoria without spicula ;
in the axes of the organs large, molecularly calcified cells and groups
of smaller calcified cells. In the papille of the skin of the back were
no spicula at all, on their surface the usual large quantity of glandular
cells ; in the skin beneath the papilla cells and groups of cells as in the
case of the rhinophoria.

The mouth-tube rather wide, with strong cuticula. The bulbus
pharyngeus formed apparently as in the typical species; the lip-plate
composed of many rows of rather low (the height rising to about
0.02 mm.), very (fig. 6) finely striated columns. The tongue with ten
rows of teeth; further back, twenty-six developed and three undevel-
oped rows; the total number thus thirty-nine. The lateral plates
large, yellow, of usual form, with a series of denticles along nearly
the whole of the inner margin of the hook (fig. 16a). The external
plates colorless, eight in number; somewhat depressed (fig. 7, 16),
obliquely rising from the cuticula of the tongue (fig. 7), of nearly equal
size excepting the outermost (fig. 160), which is much smaller.

The salivary glands seemed of the usual form. The cesophagus and
the stomach as usual. ‘The intestine issuing from the liver at the
middle of its length on the left side, rather short. The liver of the
length of about 9.0 mm. by a breadth and a height of about 4.2 mm. ;

954 SCIENTIFIC RESULTS OF THE

the right anterior half excavated (on account of the anterior genital
mass); the color brownish-gray.

The heart and the sanguineous gland as usual, also the renal cham-
ber and the renal syrinx.

The hermaphroditic gland by its yellowish color contrasting with
the liver, clothing the under side, part of the left side, and its right
anterior half. The anterior genital mass rather compressed, about
6.0 mm. long by a breadth of 2.0mm. The ampulla of the hermaphro-
ditic duct rather short, sausage-shaped, about 2.3 mm. long, curved
and whitish. The larger part of the penis was gone, but hooks were
seen in the remaining part as in the typical species. The sperma-
totheca rather large, bag-shaped, about 3.5 mm. long; the vagina
rather wide, about 10.0 mm. long. ‘The mucous gland white, and the
albuminous gland yellowish-white.!

This species seems very distinct from the typical one, by its color
and by the different form of denticulation of the large plates of the

tongue.

POLYCERATID/:.

This large family, so rich in generic forms, was found represented
in the northern Pacific only by two generic types, Polycera and
Triopha.

POLYCERA, Cuvier.

Polycera, Cuvier, (1812?), Regne-anim., 1817, ii, p. 390.2 .Regne-anim.,
ed. 2) iii, p. 52. ‘

Themisto, Oken, Lehrb. der Zool., 1815, p. 278.

Cufea, Leach, Moll. Britann. Synopsis, 1852, p. 21.

Polycera C, Ald. and Hane., Observ. on the genus Polycera, Ann. Mag.
of Nat. Hist., vi, 1841, p. 387-342, Pl. IX.

Limacia, O. Fr. Miller, Zool. Dan., i, 1781, p. 65-68.°

Phanerobranchus, A. Frédol (Moquin-Tandon), Le monde de la mer, 1864,
Pl cil figs; 2.

1 The anterior genital mass was so hardened and altered, that the nature
of its different components could not be determined with certainty.

* According to a note of Hermannsen, under the genus Themisto, Oken,
(Ind. Gen. Malacoz. primordia, ii, 1849, p. 572), the genus Polycera was
established by Cuvier, 1812, [but this is probably a typographical error,
since, under the genus Polycera itself, he indicates only the year 1817—
Darr, |iletleic:, pe older

* Limacta, Hartm., Neue Alpina, i, 1821, p. 208 (Arden, Fér.).

bo
qn
on

EXPLORATION OF ALASKA.

Limbus frontalis digitatus vel tuberculatus. Branchia 5—7-foliata.
Appendices dorsales (extrabranchiales) 1-3. Tentacula brevia, lobi-
formia.

Lamelle mandibulares laterales fortes, sat applanate. Radula
rhachide nuda; pleuris dentibus lateralibus hamatis duobus (margine
levi), interno minore, externo majore, et dentibus externus 4-8.

Prostata magna; pleuris ut in omnibus Polyceratis.

The genus Polycera was established by Cuvier (1812?), to receive
the Doris quadrilineata of Miller and (in 1830) allied forms ; a few
years afterwards (1815°, and not knowing the genus of Cuvier, Oken
formed his Themisto, nearly identical with the Polycera of Cuvier.*
The Cufea of Leach (1852), is entire y congeneric with the genera
of Cuvier and Oken, as is also very likely the Phanerobranchus of
A. Fridol (Moquin-Tandon). The Zimacia of O. Fr. Miller (1781),
contains a whole series of different Nudibranchiata, among them the
D. quadrilineata, and, as first-named species, the D. verrucosa; the
name cannot therefore be employed here.

Although, through Cuvier and Alder (1841), their external char-
acters were somewhat made known, still Polycera, like so many
other Nudibranchiata, remained very superficially known, until the
large monograpb of Alder and Hancock,! that first really unveiled
their external and internal structure, although Frey and Leuckart?
had given some anatomical notices of these animals. Lately more
light has been spread over the northern species of the group, through
the investigations of Meyer and Moebius,’ and of G. O. Sars.‘

The true Polycera shows a form of body common to the whole
family. The well-developed frontal margin is more or less curved in

* A careful search has failed to find any other ground for supposing that
Cuvier described the genus Polycera in 1812, or at any date before 1817, so
that the 1812 of Hermannsen is almost certainly merely a misprint. The
name Themisto, of Oken, if congeneric, sbould therefore take precedence.
—DALtu.

1 Alder and Hancock, Monogr. Brit. Nudibr. Moll., Part 2, 1846, fam. 1,
Pl. 23; Part 4, 1848, fam. 1, Pl. 24; Part 5, 1851, fam. 1, Pl. 22; Part 6,
1854, fam. 1, Pl. 17 (anat. !); Part 7, 1855, Pl. 46 supplem. figs. 20, 21.

2 Frey and Leuckart, Beitr. zur Kenntn. wirbellose Thiere, 1847, p. 66-
70, taf. i, fig. 12, 18.

3 Meyer and Moebius, Fauna der Kieler Bucht, i, 1865. p. 49-57, m. 2
taf. und taf. iv, A, B.

* q. O. Sars, Moll. reg. arct. Norv., 1878, p. 312, 3818, Tab. xiv, fig. 14-16.

256 SCIENTIFIC RESULTS OF THE

the middle, with its free margin tuberculated or digitate. The frontal
veil is continued ina more or less tuberculated ridge, that limits the true
back, and posteriorly ends in a single strong or in several smaller
dorsal (branchial) appendices on the outside of and behind the region
of the gill. The true back with longitudinal rows of more or less
developed connected tubercles, sometimes forming low longitudinal
ridges. The number of leaves in the club of the rhinophoria is not
large. The gill is composed of a moderate number (five to seven) of
leaves, which are either simply pinnate or composite (bi- or tripinnate).
The tentacles are small, flattened or auriculate. The jaws or man-
dibular plates in form somewhat recall those of the olidiide, strong,
flattened, sometimes with a peculiar superior process. The rhachis of
the radula naked; on the pleuree two large hook-formed lateral teeth,
of which the outer is much larger than the inner; at the outside of
the laterals are four to eight, somewhat flattened uncine. <A large
prostate gives the genital apparatus a particular feature ; the arma-
ture of the penis is of the usual kind.

About the biological relations of Polycera very little is known, as
usual among the Nudibranchiata. The spawn of the most common
northern species is known, and a part of the developmental history
has been investigated by Ray Lankester.!

A small number of species have been described by different authors
in the course of years. Alder and Hancock (Monogr. part 7, 1*55,
p- 45, XVIII) established and rather well characterized two groups
of Polycera ; according to these authors Gray soon after (Guide I,
1857, p. 213) denominated these groups Polycera (typical) and Palio,
which perhaps might be conserved as subgenera.

I. POLYCERA (stricte).

Margo limbi frontalis digitatus. Folia branchialia simpliciter pin-
nata ; appendices dorsales (branchiales) singula majores.
Lamelle mandibulares processu superiori aleformi.

1. P. quadrilineata (O. F. Miller). M. Atlanticum ; Mediterraneum.
2. P. horrida, Hesse. Journ. de Conchyliol.,3§., XIII, 4, 1878, p. 345. M.
Atlanticum,

! Ray Lankester, Contrib. to the Developm. hist. of Moll., Philos.
Trans., MDCCCLXXY, p. 29, Pl. 10, f. 1-9.

Meyer and Moebius have, moreover, given a figure of the shell of the
embryo of their Pol, ocellata (1. ¢., fig. 10).

EXPLORATION OF ALASKA. yASY

3. P. plebeia, Lovén. Index Moll., 1846, p. 6.' M. Atlanticum.

4, P. doriformis (Quatref.). Phanérobranche doriforme. Moquin-Tandon
(pseud. A. Frédol) Le monde de la mer., 1864, Pl. XII, fig. 1. M.
Mediterraneum.

5. P. canteriata (Quatref.) Phanérobranche a chevrons. Moquin-Tandon
(do) l. c., pl. XII, f. 2. M. Mediterraneum.

If. PALIO, Gray.

Margo limbi frontalis tuberculatus. Folia branchialia bi- vel tri-
pinnata ; appendices dorsales (branchiales) minores, complures.
Lamelle mandibulares simplices (sine processu superiori).

. P. Lessonit (V’Orb.). Pol. ocellata, A. et H. M. Atlanticum.

. P. pudica, Lovén. Ind. Moll., 1846, p. 6. M. Atlanticum.

. P. pallida. Beh.. n. sp. M. Pacificum.

. P. dubia, Sars. Bidr. til Sdedyrenés. Naturh., 1829, p. 138. Tab. 2,
fig. 5, 6. Lovén, Ind. Moll., 1846, p. 6. M. Atlanticum sept.

10. P. ? Cookii, Angas. Journ. de Conchyl., 38., IV, 1, 1864, p.58; Pl. V,

f.6. M. Pacificum.
11. P. ? Capensis, Quoy et Gaim. Voy. de l’Uranie. Zool., 1824, p. 417;
Pl. 66. f. 4. M. Capense.?

Oo Os

P. pallida, Bgh., n. sp. Plate XV, fig. 14; Plate XVI, fig. 1-9.

Color flavescens. Branchia sexfoliata.

Lamellz mandibulares fere ut in Pol. Lessonz7, sed magis elongate.
Armatura lingualis fere ut in Pol. Lessonii; dentes externi 5.

Hab. Oc. Pacificum septentr.

Of this form Dall dredged a single individual in June, 1873, at
Kyska Harbor (Aleutians, at the depth of ten fathoms on rocky
bottom. According to Dall, the color of the living animal was “ yel-
lowish-white.”

The length of the animal preserved in spirits was 7.0 mm., with a
height of 4.0 and a breadth of 3.0 mm.; the height of the branchial
leaves abeut 1.0 mm., also that of the rhinophoria; the breadth of the

1 « Viridifusea, sulphureo maculata, papillis frontis 10, branchiali
utrinque una postica majore ; 11 mm. Bohus,’’ Lovén.

This, as well as the other new Polycere of Lovén, has not since been
seen (Cf. G. O. Sars, Moll. reg. arct. Norv., 1878, p. 313).

2 Of the three (not too naturally represented) ‘* Polycere ’’ of A. Frédol
(Moquin-Tandon), the one (l.c. Pl. XII, fig. 6) seems to be the Pol.
Lessonti, the other two (fig. 8, 4) belong undoubtedly to the genus
Thecacera.

258 SCIENTIFIC RESULTS OF THE

foot 2.0 mm. The color of the animal whitish, that of the rhinophoria
and the branchial leaves more yellow; the margin of the foot white.

The form as usual. The head rounded, with a prominence on the
upper lateral part; the mouth a vertical slit. The margin of the
rhinophor-grooves plain. The stalk of the rhinophoria nearly as high
as the club, cylindrical; the club rather flattened, with about fifteen
leaves; before the rhinophoria a low transverse frontal veil with
scarcely more than two prominences ; the veil continued backwards as
a rather indistinct prominent line on each side of the smooth rounded
back; the pericardial region a little prominent; behind the middle of
the length of the back, the gill with six tripinnate leaves ina slight
curve ; behind them the quite low anal nipple, and towards the right
side the renal pore; behind the gill a little flattened space with a slight
crest on each side with three papillae. The sides of the body rather
high. In the region of the anterior angles of the foot the genital
papilla with the everted penis (without its recurved point, 0.75 mm.
high), and below it a folded lamella, the duct of the mucous gland. The
foot rather narrow, of nearly the same breadth; the rounded anterior
angles somewhat prominent; a fine furrow in the anterior margin.

The intestines indistinctly appearing through the walls of the body.
The peritoneum colorless, nearly without spicula.

The central nervous system (fig. 1) very depressed; the cerebral
ganglia of rounded-triangular form, a little larger than the more
rounded visceral (fig. la); the pedal ones more pyriform, a little
larger than the last; the (proximal) olfactory ganglia bulbiform, not
quite as large as the buccal ones, which were (fig. 10) of rounded form,
connected by a not very short commissure; the gastro-csophageal
ganglia of about one-eighth of the size of the former, rounded.! ‘The
three inferior (subcerebral, visceral, and pedal) commissures or at
least the visceral one) free.

The eyes (fig. 1) short-stalked, with black pigment and pale yellowish
lens. The otocysts (fig. 1) in their usual place, very short-stalked,
with about eighty otokonia of the ordinary kind. In the stalk of the
rhinophoria some scattered yellowish thick spicula, of the same kind
as in the skin of the back; none, on the contrary, in the leaves of the
club. In the skin sume scattered, yellowish, thick, straight or curved
spicula, mostly of about 0.15—0.3 mm. in length, and of the usual
form. In the interstitial tissue very few larger spicula. |

1-Tn the other species of Polycera I have examined, I never saw gastro-
esophageal ganglia, nor any in Huplocamus or in Plocamopherus.

EXPLORATION OF ALASKA. 259

The oral tube whitish, of about 1.0 mm. length, wide. The bulbus
pharyngeus clear brownish-yellow, somewhat pyriform, with oblique
flattened posterior end, in length about 1.6, by a height of nearly 1.3,
and a breadth of 1.5 mm.; the sheath of the radula a little prominent
downwards, and to the left from the hindermost part of the under side of
the bulbus. The lip-disk clothed with a brownish-yellow cuticula, that
is continued into the two mandibular plates behind the lip-disk at the
entrance of the oral cavity, the form of the mandible could not be
determined with certainty ; a yellowish cuticula clothes the rest of the
cavity. The tongue with ten rows of plates, further backwards six
developed and two younger rows; the total number eighteen.! The
rhachis (fig. 2) not very narrow. The plates yellow. The length of
the first plate about 0.11, of the second 0.20, of the inmost of the ex-
ternal plates 0.14, of the following 0.12, 0.10, 0 08 and 0.06 mm. (all
from the hinder part of the sheath). The first lateral plate (fig. 2aa,
5, 6) formed somewhat as in the P. Lessouzi, the hook still smaller ;
the second of the same form, but larger (fig. 265, 3), the hooks much
larger, especially the anterior, which is broader and excavated (fig. 7).
More outwards five external plates (fig. 2cc), all with a crest, which is
larger in the two innermost; adjoining the outermost of these plates
several longitudinal folds of the lingual cuticula, which sometimes
simulate one to two plates more (fig. 2).

The salivary glands whitish, elongate. The cesophagus rather wide,
the stomach inclosed in the liver. ‘The intestine appearing at the
middle of the length of the liver a little to the left, at the bottom of a
deep and large cavity in the upper side of the liver; the pyloric part

1 According to Alder and Hancock (Monog. Part VII, 1855, Pl, 41 sup-
plement, fig. 20, 21), the number of rows was fifteen in the Polycera quad-
rilineata, sixteen in the P. ocellata, thirteen in the P. Lessonii ; Alder and
Hancock saw (1. c.) four external plates in the Pol. quadrilineata, five in
P. ocellata, and six in P. Lessonit. Meyer and Moebius saw five to seven
external plates in their Polycera ocellata, whilst the number of rows (1. ¢.
Pl. 50) is noted as thirteen to fifteen; in the P. quadrilineata they found
four to five external plates and twelve to thirteen rows. In four specimens
of Pol. quadrilineata I saw six to eight rows on the tongue, more back-
wards six to seven developed, and one not quite developed row ; the total
number of rows was fourteen to fifteen. In all specimens there were but
four external plates. In four specimens of Pol. Lessonii I saw nine to ten
rows on the tongue, more backwards eight to seven or five developed,
and a single not developed row; the total number of rows was sixteen to
eighteen. In all the specimens there were eight external plates.

260 SCIENTIFIC RESULTS OF THE

of the intestine rather wide, its curve reaching to the bulbus pharyn-
geus. The liver about 5.0 mm. long by a breadth of 3.5 and a height
of 3.25 mm. ; the form conical, the posterior end rounded, the anterior
much broader, flattened and adjoining another flattening on the infe-
rior part of the right side of the organ ; the color was yellowish.

The sanguineous gland of quadrangular form, of a diameter of about
1.5 mm., whitish.

The hermaphroditic gland with its yellowish-white lobes covering
nearly the whole surface of the liver: in the lobes large oigene cells.
The anterior genital mass of the length of about 4.0 mm. by a height
of 3.0 and a breadth of 1.5mm. The ampulla of the hermaphroditic
duct resting on the inferior margin of the genital mass, whitish,
straight, of the length of 3.0 mm by a diameter of about 0.5 mm.
At the anterior end of the ampulla a flattened body (prostate) that
freely projects before the anterior margin of the rest of the genital
mass ; it was of about the same length as the ampulla, but nearly twice
as broad; the cavity of the organ rather large and the walls rather
thin. The prostate slopes gradually inte the thin but strong spermato-
duct, which is about 6.0 mm. long. and terminates in the penis, which
was short, conical (fig 8a, 9), about 0.75 mm. long, and terminated
in asomewhat flexible, yellowish glans (fig. 8, 9, 14), of the length of
about 0.37 mm. by a diameter at the base of about 0.09, and at the
point of 0.037 mm.; through the largest part of its length it was
covered with (in all about twelve) series of small chitinized crests,
which did not surpass the height of about 0.0025 mm. (fig. 14); the
armature only continued through a short part of the interior of the
spermatoduct. The spermatotheca spherical; the spermatocysta pyri-
form, filled with sperma. The cordate mucous gland whitish and
yellowish-white (fig. 8d).

This: species approaches to the Pol. Lessoni?, but seems even dif-
ferent in color from that and the other Atlantic forms, and also differs
in the slight development of the frontal veil and of the lateral crests of
the back, as well as in the number of the external plates of tongue,
and! in the nature of the armature of the penis.

1 The armature of the penis of Polyc. guadrilineata (hitherto the only
species in which an armature has been described) as figured by Friele and
Hansen (1. c. Tab. II, fig. 3) is very different from that of the Pacific spe-
cies, and that difference has been confirmed by my examination of typical
specimens,

EXPLORATION OF ALASKA. 261

TRIOPHA, Bergh, n. gen.

Forma corporis fere ut in Triopis, sicut quoque margo fronta-
lis; margo dorsalis appendicibus nonnullis nodosis vel breve
ramosis. Tentacula compresso-poculiformes (auriformia) ; rhino-
phoria retractilia, clavo perfoliato. Branchia quinquefoliata,
foliis tripinnatis.

Os lamellis duabus fortioribus e baculis minutis compositis
armatum. Lingua rhachide dentibus spuriis (4); pleuris denti-
bus lateralibus 3-4 (corpore processu aleformi et hamo ap-
planato instructis) et serie dentium externorum (10-11) armatis.

Prostata ?

This interesting form, that forms a link between Polycera
and Triopa on one side, and the Luplocami on the other, ap-
proaches more nearly to the latter than to the former.

In the exterior, the Zriophe! resemble the Triope, but still
_ differ in some points sufficiently. The appendices of the back
are more composite; the tentacles seem different from those of
the Triope (which have them folded lengthwise and obtuse at
the end; see for comparison, Pl. XV, fig. 12); they are com-
pressed cup-shaped or auriculate. The gill contains five leaves.
Whilst the Zriope want an armature of the true mouth,’ the
Triophe are provided with two strong plates (composed of
densely set staffs). Whilst the rhachis of the tongue in the
Triope is naked, the Triophe show four false plates, (** bosses” of
Dall, simple thickenings of the base membrane of the radula),
here; instead of the two peculiarly formed lateral plates on the
pleure in the Triopa,? the 7riophe have three or four lateral
plates (with a wing-like process of the body and a depressed
hook) ; with, on the outside of these, a series of (ten to eleven)
uncinal plates, nearly as in the 7riope. After all, the Triophe
are closely allied to the Colg@,4 and essentially differ from these

1 Having at first and rather superficially examined the exterior, I first
regarded the animal as a T'riopa, and called it so [s. part I, p. 128 (72),
and the Plates (XIV, XV)].

2 See for comparison Pl. XIII, fig. 19.

3 See for comparison Pl. XIV, fig. 21, 22.

* The diagnosis of the Colgw would be:

Forma corporis fere ut in Triopis. Vaginz rhinophoriales calyciformes
oblique ; rhinophoria retractilia, clavo perfoliato. Tentacula auriformia.

262 SCIENTIFIC RESULTS OF THE

only in the armature of the tongue, which in the Colge exhibits
only a single series of (false) rhachidian plates and (on each
side) two lateral plates in form approaching those of Polycera.
The nature of the prostate is unknown; the armature of the
penis not differing much from that ordinary in the large group of
the Polyceratide.

Although somewhat approaching to the Huplocami in the form
of the appendices of the back, in the armature of the true mouth
and of the pleure of the tongue, the Zriophe still entirely differ
in the form of the tentacles, in the number of the branchial
leaves and very likely in the nature of the prostate.

The Triophe have. hitherto been only found in the Pacific
Ocean.

1. Tr. modesta, Bgh. n. sp. Oc. Pacificum. :
2. Tr. Carpenteri, Stearns. Proc. of the Cal. Acad. of Sci., April 7, 1878,
p- 2, fig. 2. Oc. Pacificum (California).

Tr. modesta, Bgh.n.sp. Pl. XIV, fig. 17-20; Pl. XV, fiz. 1-10.

? Triopa Carpenteri, Stearns. |. c. p. 2, fig. 2,

Color e flavido albescens. Appendices dorsales paucz ; folia

branechialia 5.
flab. Oc. Pacif. septentr.

Of this form Dall has obtained a single individual at Yukon
Harbor (Shumagins), in August, 1874, at a depth of six to
twenty fathoms, on a bottom of sand and stones. The color of
the living animal was, according to Dall, * yellowish-white.”

The animal preserved in spirits was of whitish color; the
dorsal appendices, the gill and the rhinophoria more yellowish.
The length of the animal 16.0 mm., by a height of 7.0 and a

Dorsum papilligerum, presertim margo frontalis et dorsalis. Branchia
pauci (4-5) foliata.

Mandibule triangulares, fortes. Radula fere ut in Polyceratis, dentibus
lateralibus (2) et externis (7), sed preterea dentibus medianis (spuriis)
instructa.

Merely one species of the genus is yet known, one of the first described
Nudibranchiata, the Doris lacera of Abildgaard (Zool. Dan., IV, 1806,
p. 28, Tab, CX XXVIII, fig. 3, 4), which has been found too on the coast
of America (Cf. Verrill, notice of recent addit. to the Mar. Fauna of
North Am., XXXVIII. Amer. Jour. of Sc. and Arts, XVI, 1878, p. 211).

EXPLORATION OF ALASKA. 263

breadth of 5.56 mm.; the height of the branchial leaves 1.25, of
the rhinophoria 2.0 mm. ; the breadth of the foot 3.5 mm.

The form as usual. The head flattened in front, semilunar ;
the tentacles compressed-cup-shaped, rather short (about 1.0 mm.
long), truncated at the end, longitudinally folded and open at
the outer side. The frontal margin not projecting much, with
many smaller and larger short digitations and crenulations; in
front in the median line were two small conical papillz before
the region of the rhinophoria. The margin of the rhinophor-
holes somewhat projecting, smooth: the (deeply retracted) rhino-
phoria with rather short stalk; the club with thirty-five to forty
rather broad and thin leaves.

The back rounded over from side to side, without certain limits
between it and the sides of the body. At the lateral parts
of the back (on each side) five appendices; the first standing a
little behind the end of the frontal margin; the next about in
the middle of the space between the first and third; this last a
little before the region of the gill; farther backwards were also
two similar ones. The appendices were club-shaped, with simple
or composite nodosities spread upon their bodies, and especially
at their bases; the third was the largest, reaching the height of
about 2.5 mm.; all the others a little smaller, and all of about
the same size. Much smaller, conical or club-formed simple
papille were scantily and irregularly scattered on the back. The
gill consisting of five strong, tripinnate, quite separate leaves, a
single anterior and two lateral pairs. The anal nipple nearly
in the centre of the posteriorly open branchial circle, a blunted,
nearly cylindrical prominence, about 0.5 mm. in height; at its
base on the right side and a little forwards was the very distinct
renal pore. The sides of the body rather high and smooth; the
genital opening a short longitudinal slit lying rather forwards,
with two openings at its bottom. The foot not very narrow, of
nearly the same breadth throughout its whole length ; the anterior
border emarginated in the middle, with a fine line.

The intestines did not shine through the integuments. The
peritoneum was colorless, without spicula.

The central nervous system (Pl. XV, fig. 1) flattened; the
cerebro-visceral ganglia (fig. la) reniform, a little narrower at
the fore-end ; the pedal ones (fig. 1bb) rounded, scarcely larger
than the visceral; the large commissure (fig. 1) as usual; small

264 SCIENTIFIC RESULTS OF THE

optic ganglia (fig. 1). The proximal olfactory ganglia ‘fig. 1c)
bulbiform, the n. olfactorii not very long; the distal olfactory
ganglia inverse pyriform.. The buccal ganglia (fig. ldd) ovoid,
connected nearly without commissure; the gastro-cesophageal
ganglia small (fig. le), with one large cell.

The eyes (fig. 1) with coal-black pigment and yellow lens.!
The otocysts at the usual place on the under side of the cerebro-
visceral ganglionic mass, crowded with otokonia of the usual
kind (fig. 1). In the leaves of the rhinophoria no spicula; in
the axes and in the stalk, on the’ contrary, spicula of the same
kind as in the skin or often larger. The skin with few and
small spicula and calcified rounded cells, here and there lying in
groups. The marginal dorsal appendices covered all over with
above-mentioned nodosities; at their points perhaps a similar
(but empty) bag as in the typical species (Cf. Pl. XIII, fig. 16,17).

The anal tube large, 3.0 mm. long. The bulbus pharyngeus
strong, of the length of 4.0 by a height of 3.0 and a breadth of
3.3 mm.; the radula-sheath projecting about 1.0 mm. from the
hinder part of the under side of the bulbus. The lip-disk rather
convex, with vertical oral slit (Pl. XV, fig. 2), clothed with a
pale yellow cuticula, that behind the oral slit on each side is con-
tinued in a triangular, brownish-yellow lip-plate of a greatest
breadth of 1.0 mm (fig. 3), narrow at the inferior end, broader
at the superior, and composed of simple, somewhat curved, erect
staffs (fig. 4,5) about 0.18 mm. in height (fig. 4). The tongue
broad; in the amber-yellow radula, thirteen rows of plates,
further backwards in the sheath, six developed and two younger
rows; the total number thus twenty-one. The three foremost
rows of the tongue very incomplete, reduced to the outermost
(four to five, six to seven, nine to eleven) uncinal plates. The
rhachis rather broad, bearing two quadrangular thickenings of
the cuticula (Pl. XV, fig. 6a) of the length of about 0.18-0.2
mm., more thickened and yellowish in the anterior margin, other-
wise colorless. At the outer side of these median plates is a
somewhat shorter and narrower plate (fig. 60b), of yellowish
color; in the posterior rows (Pl. XIV, fig. 20) much broader.
The three succeeding plates brownish-yellow, book-shaped, all
nearly of the same form and of the same but outwardly slowly

1 Alder and Hancock (1. c. part VI) also saw small optic ganglia in the
Triopa clavigera.

EXPLORATION OF ALASKA. 265

decreasing size (Pl. XV, fig. 6ed); the fourth lateral plate, on
the tongue especially, with a small hook (fig. 7a) that is more
developed backwards, and in the four youngest rows is developed
quite (Pl. XIV, fig. 17) as in the three plates mentioned. On the
lateral parts of the pleuree ten to eleven external (uncinal) plates,
the four to five interior (fig. 7, 8ab, 10; 17bc) with a more devel-
oped crest, the rest (fig. 7b) narrower.

The salivary glands (Pl. XV, fig. 11a) nearly as long as the
duct (fig. 116); both together about 5.5 mm. long, descending
along the whole back side of the bulbus pharyngeus ; the gland
whitish, smooth.

The csophagus rather long (6.5 mm.), and wide especially
in the posterior part (diameter 2.0 mm.), entering into the inferior
part of the liver; with rather strong and numerous folds; the
contents (as in the intestine) spongiary masses and different Ra-
diolariz of a diameter of 0.09 mm. The intestine issuing from the
liver a little before the middle of the upper side of this organ;
the anteriorly proceeding part reaching the anterior margin of
the liver and about 4.5 mm. long by a diameter of 1.5 mm.; the
retrocessive part 7.0 mm. long by a diameter of 0.75 mm. The
liver divided by a deep furrow from the right margin into two
halves of nearly equal size; 6.0 mm. long by a breadth of 3.75
and a height of 3.4 mm.; the posterior extremity rounded ; the
anterior half of the inferior side obliquely flattened; the color
yellowish-gray ; the cavity of the interior rather small.

The pericardium of oval form, large, having the length of
3.5mm. The sanguineous gland whitish, of the length of 2.5 mm.
by a breadth (at the anterior end) of 2.5mm. The renal syrinx
short-pyriform ; the tube of the organ strong.

The hermaphroditic gland not much developed, paler than
the liver, with large odgene cells. The anterior genital mass
small, about 1.5 mm. long by a height of 0.75 and a breadth of
about 0.5mm. The ampulla of the hermaphroditic duct yellow-
ish, rather long, forming corkscrew-like windings. The sperma-
toduct not long, passing into the short penis. This, with its
armature of very minute hooks, the spermatotheea, the spermato-
eysta and the vagina, as far as could be determined, as in the
typical Triopa.! The gland whitish.

' See for comparison, Pl. XV, fig. 18.

266 SCIENTIFIC RESULTS OF THE

This species may perhaps be the Triopa Carpenteri of Stearns;
it has, like that, five branchial leaves, and does not differ much in
the number of the dorsal appendices (six) or the form of the
frontal margin; but the dorsal nodosities of the last species are
orange-colored, and the rhinophoria, the dorsal appendices, and
the branchial leaves tipped with orange. Through the great
kindness of Mr. Dall I have seen a drawing of the animal of
Stearns, from specimens secured after those he had described,
but they do not give more details than the original description ;
and Stearns seems not to possess the original specimens, which
very likely are lost forever. On the other side, it must be remem-
bered that Sars (Beretn. om en i Sommeren, 1849, foretagen
zoolog. Reise i Lofoten og Finmarken, 1851, p. 74) found “ the
young individuals of Triopa lacera (M.) entirely white, also on
the tentacles and gills, merely the liver shines brownish through
the skin.”

EXPLANATION OF THE PLATES.

An asterisk denotes that the drawing is by camera lucida, the
fraction denotes the magnification. ‘

The serial numbers of the plates (Part I, plates i—vili, Part I],
plates ix-xvi) are solely referred to throughout the text. As
Part II appears in another volume of the Proceedings of the
Academy, the plates of Part II have been for that reason renum-
bered with a second set of numbers, Plate ix being Plate i, Plate x
being Plate ii, ete.,in the new volume. The serial numbers re-
ferred to in the text, follow the new numbers for Part II in
parentheses throughout this explanation.

~‘

PuatE I (1X).

Jorunna Johnstoni (A. and H.).

1. a, stalk of the (b) gangl. genitale; c, gangl. genit. secunda-
rium,* 29%.
. Granules of the back, stiffened by spicula,* 29°.
Part of the middle of the radula, with the two innermost
lateral plates; a, rhachis,* 27°.
4. The hook of a plate from the back,* 2},

Ww bo
.

8,
10.

i be

as

16.

nwo =_

P.
vo.

EXPLORATION OF ALASKA. 267

\o
i)
S
g
>

Outer part. of two series of plates with 8 plates,* 252;
outermost.

Outer part of another series with 3 plates,* 252,

a—-b, vagina; c, gland. hastatoria; d, opening of the bag of
the spur; e, spermatoduct; /, penis,* 3°.

9. Spermatotheca; c, its chief duct; d, gland. hastatoria; b,
spermatocysta ; e, duct to the mucous gland,* 55.

a, Duct of the gland. hastatoria; b, the bag of the spur; c¢,
opening of the bag,* 29°.

a, spermatoduct ; b, opening of the bag at the bottom of the
penis; in the interior a dart (?),* 33°.

Adalaria proxima (A. and H.).

Tubercles of the back.

A part of the rhachis from above; a, median plates; 6b, large
lateral plates,* 732.

Part of the radula, obliquely, from the side, the hooks of the
large lateral plates of both sides,* 732.

Two series of (9) external plates; a, the innermost; , the
outermost,* 27°.

: Adalaria albopapillosa (Dall).

Part of the surface of a tubercle of the back,* 25°,

Adalaria pacifica, Bergh.

a, median plate; 6, large lateral plates from the side,* 2°

Lamellidoris muricata (O. Fr. Muller).

The vesica fellea; a, its duct.

PuateE ITI (X).

Adalaria pacifica, Bergh.

Median pseudo-plate (or boss), from the upper side,* 252,

2. Part of the radula, with series of (5-7) lateral plates; a—a,
1—2 complete rows of (15) external plates, and 1-2 incom-
plete rows; bb, innermost plates of the row; cc, outer-
most,* 37°.

Outer part of a row with 9 erect plates; a, innermost,* 77°.

6

268

10.

ie

12.
13.

14,
15.

SCIENTIFIC RESULTS OF THE

Adalaria virescens, Bergh.

. a, esophagus, with its dilatation; 6, salivary gland; c, its

duct.

. Ganglion penis,* 29°.

Adalaria Lovéni (A. and H.).

. Median part of the radula from above, with (aa) large lateral

plates; bb, innermost part of two rows of external plates,
with 1-5 plates,* 2}°.

. Large lateral plate, from the side,* 27°.
. Piece of the left part of the radula;* 74° a, two median

I
pseudo-plates or bosses; 6, large lateral plates; c, two in-

complete rows, with 6-7 plates.

Adalaria albopapillosa (Dall).

. a, (2) median pseudo-plates ; (2-8) large lateral plates of

both sides,* 732.

a, (3) median saeuiles Sey bb, (2-4) large lateral plates of
both sides; c, innermost part of three (right) rows of ex-
ternal alates! with 8-4 plates; d, (left) row of 7 external
plates,* 73°.

Four outermost plates of a row; a, outermost,* 77°.

Acanthodoris pilosa (O. Fr. Muller).

End of the everted penis; a, opening,* 27°.
Epithelium of the vagina,* 27°.

Acanthodoris pilosa, var. albescens (Pacifica).

a, anterior margin of the foot; b, edge of the tentacle.
Ganglion genitale from the penis,* 49°

PuatE III (XI).

Acanthodoris pilosa (Muller).

. Three external plates ; a, outermost,* 27°.

Acanthodoris pilosa, var. albescens.

The genital opening with its everted margin; a, the two fore-
most apertures.

15.

. Elements of the armature,*
. Lateral plate, from the side

EXPLORATION oF ALASKA. 26

(=)

Lamellidoris bilamellata (.) var. Pacifica.

. Part of the branchial area with (aa) some branchial leaves; bb,

some of the larger surrounding tubercles. In the centre
the anal nipple, the renal pore and interbranchial tubercles.

. The sucking crop, from the edge.
. The half of the same, from the inside; a, stalk.
. a, spermatotheca ; b, spermatocysta; c, duct of the last; d,

duct to the mucous gland; e, vagina.

. a, two median pseudo-plates; 6, a lateral plate; cc, three

external plates,* 77°.
External plate from the side,* 752,

. Two of the foremost lateral plates with blunted end,* 752,

Lamellidoris muricata (Muller).

. a, Median pseudo-plate shining through the left of the lateral

plates, bb; c, three external plates,* 75°.

. aa, Basal edge of three lateral plates ; 6, external plates,* 75°.
. a, Glans penis; bb, praputium ; c, spermatoduct,* 199.

Lamellidoris varians, Bergh.

. Lateral plate from the side,* 73°.
. Median pseudo-plate, from above,* 232.

Adalaria Pacifica, Bergh.

innermost part of two rows of external plates,* 75°; a, two
innermost; 6, the third failing (in the anterior row); e,
eighth.

Puate IV (XII).

Acanthodoris pilosa (O. F. Muller), var. purpurea.

. Labial disk, with (a) the lancet-formed blades projecting in

the lowest part of the mouth proper.

. The lancet-formed blades (a) with the adjoining part (0) of

the armature of the mouth,* 12°.

. a, The right lancet-formed blade ; b, the adjoining part of the

armature,* 359,
5
ah

Zz
* 350
b] i eS

SCIENTHFIC RESULTS OF THE

. The hook of a plate, from the side.* 33°.

7. Salivary gland; a, duct; 6, posterior end.

10.
ll.

13.
14.
15.
16.

a, pars pylorica intestini; b, vesica fellea; c, intestinum
descendens.

. Part of the vas deferens, with its stricture,* 19°.

Acanthodoris pilosa (M.) var. brunnea albopapillosa.

ab, Lancet-formed blades from the under side,* 12°

a, Part of left; 6, of right lancet-formed blade; ec, adjoining
part of the armature of the mouth,* 73°.

. aa, Upper part of three lateral plates ; bb, two series of exter-

nal plates; from the sheath of the radula,* 2?2.

Acanthodoris pilosa (M.) var. albescens.

Elements of the armature of the mouth,* 772.
Isolated element,* 77°.

Upper part ofa fatarat plate, from the outside,* 23°.
Upper part of a lateral plate, from the inside,* #}°.

PuatE V (XIII).

Lamellidoris varians, Bergh.

The central nervous system, obliquely, from the under side,
* 55: a, ganglia cerebro-visceralia; bb, ganglia pedalia; &,
gangl. penis and gangl. genitale; d, ganglia buccalia; ee,
ganglia gastro-esoephagalia. The eyes and the otocysts

visible.

Acanthodoris pilosa (M.), var. albescens.

. The bulbus pharyngeus, from the side; a, cuticula and the

lancet-formed blades; bb, mm. retractores bulbi; c, the
sucking-crop; d, salivary gland, above this the right buccal
and gastro-cesophageal ganglion ; e, the sheath of the radula;
/, the crop of the csophagus; g, continuation of the cso-
phagus.

. Lateral plates, from the outside,* 29°.
. Part of the armature of the sper mabodinttsanitl its hooks,* “7°.

EXPLORATION OF ALASKA. 271

Acanthodoris pilosa (M.).

5. a, spermatotheca; b, spermatocysta; c, duct to the mucous

gland; dd, duct to the vagina.

Acanthodoris cxrulescens, Bergh.

3}. Part of the armature of the mouth,* 73°.
. External plates, from the side ;* 73° a, innermost.

Chromodoris Dalli, Bergh.

. The upper part of a branchial leaf,* 19°.

. Part of the lip-plate, from above,* 752,

. Elements of the lip-plate,* 73°.

. Part of the rhachis, with three (bosses or) false plates,* 25°.
. a, false plate, obliquely, from the side,* 75°.

. The 13th plate, from the side,* 75°.

. The 9th plate, from the side,* 73°.

Triopa clavigera (O. Fr. Muller).

5. Tubercles of the back.
. Vertical section of one of the appendices of the back; a, bag

at the point.

. Elements of this last bag.
. Spicula of the skin.*
. Lowest part of the mouth, with its cuticula; «a, the. free

in.* 209
margin,* 20°,

. Hindermost part of the bulbus; a, tongue; 0b, sheath of the

radula.

Puate VI (XIV).

Chromodoris Dalli, Bergh.

. The buccal (a) and gastro-cesophageal (b) ganglia,* 40°.
. Part of the median portion of the radula; a, false plates, on

each side the 2-3 innermost (lateral) plates,* 7°.

. Outer part of two series of plates with 11 plates; a, outer-

most; 6, eighteenth,* 732.

. a, spermatotheca; b, spermatocysta; c, duct to the vagina;

d, duct to the mucous gland,* 45.

272 SCIENTIFIC RESULTS OF THE

Chromodoris Californiensis, Bergh.

5. Hinder part of the body, from the under side, with 6 knots
on the mantle-margin; a, foot,* 772.
6. Upper median part of the true rauth.® 750
7. Part of 4 series of hooks of the lip-plate, from above,* 73°.
8-10. Elements of the same, in different positions,* 77°.
11. Three innermost plates; a, the first,* 77°.
12. One of the largest plates,* 7°.
13. Hook of 3 larger plates, auliqdely: from the foreside,* 73°.
14. Four outermost-plates ; a, outermost,* 77°.
15. Two irregular outermost plates; a, nite aaee 739,

Acanthodoris czrulescens, Bergh.

16. Series of plates; a, two lateral plates; b, the outermost of
the external plates,* 27°.

Triopha modesta, Bergh.

17. Part of one of the hindermost series of plates (in the sheath),
with (a) 4 lateral plates and (6, c) 2 external plates,* 29°.

18. a, second and b, third large lateral plates, from above ad
from the back,* 29°.

19. a, fourth; 8, fifth plate (as in fig. 18 from the tongue),* 222.

20. Outer false plate of the rhachis (from the sheath),* #72

Triopa clavigeru (M.).

21. a, second lateral plate; b, two external plates,* 73°.
22. First lateral plate,* 3?°.

PuaTE VII (XV).

Triopha modesta, Bgh.

1. Central nervous system,* 4°; a, ganglia cerebro-visceralia ;
bb, pedal ganglia; c, ganglia olfactoria proximalia ; dd,
buccal ganglia; e, gangl. gastro-cwsophagal.

The labial disk with the true mouth.

Upper commissure of the lip-plates,* 43.

Elements of the lip-plate,* #2.

Upper ends of two clemantart 272.

ae gee

=

14,

OTN

10.
ll.

. First lateral plate, from the side,* 3°
. The same, from above,* 23°.

- Hook of the second lateral plate,* 23°.

. Genital papilla and everted penis with its glans; b, prominent

EXPLORATION OF ALASKA. ie

. Median part of a series of the teeth; a, (false) median plates

of the rhachis; 6b, external plate of the same; cc, first
lateral plate; d, third lateral plate,* 332.

- Continuation of the former; a, fourth | eee b, outermost

plate,* 33°.
Four (inner) uncinal plates; a, the second ; 6, the fifth,* 232.

. First lateral plate,* 2?2.
. Seventh and eighth ee ernil plates,* 339.
. Salivary gland; a, gland; 6, duct,* 5%.

Triopa clavigera (M.).

. Tentacle.
. Part of the armature of the penis.* 77°.

Polycera pallida, Bergh.

The glans penis,* 73°.

Puate VIII (XVI).

Polycera pallida, Bergh.

. Central nervous system, from the upper side,* 52; aa, visceral

pliers
ganglia; b, ganglia buccalia and gastro-esophagalia.

. Part of the radula with two rows; aa, interior; bb, exterior

lateral plates; ec, uncinal plates,* 23°,

. Exterior lateral plate, from the side,* 450,
. Under side of the two lateral plates:* aa and 5, as in fig. 2,

* 350
i

gE

fold of the duct of the mucous gland.

. Glans of the penis, with the end of (6) the spermatoduct,*

39°; a, point of the glans.

Archidoris Montereyensis (Cooper).

Large lateral plate, from the side,* 33°.

Outer part of two series of plates with 4 plates; aa, outer-
most,* 33°.

274 SCIENTIFIC RESULTS OF THE

Aphelodoris Antillensis, Bergh.
(Cf. Malakozoélog. Blatter, N. 8., i, 1879, p. 107-113).
12. a, ganglia buccalia, with b, ganglia gastro-wsophagalia; c,
secondary ganglion,* 29°.
13. Median part of two series of plates ; aa, innermost ; bb, second
plates,* 23°.
14. A large lateral plate,* 232.
15. Outermost double plates of two series,* 77°.
16. Outer part of two series with two ee aa, outermost,* 77°
|. The sixth plate from the outer margin of the radula,* #7°.
18. Outer part of three series with 3 plates ; a, outermost,”* 250,

Polycera Hoibolli (MOll.).

19. The genital papille, from the front.
20 The same, from the side.
21. First lateral plate, from above,* #*

|
JANUARY, 1880.

ERRATA FOR PART I.

On account of the inability of the author to read the proofs,
and from certain obscurities in the manuscript, some errors crept
into the first part of this paper, and the arrangement of the para-
graphs was somewhat confused by the printer.

The delicacy and beauty of the plates in their original state,
having been destroyed by the printer, the present ones have been
steel-surfaced, to avoid, if possible, a similar misfortune.

The specific name Californiensis (Chromodoris) was substituted
in the printed text for Calensis, which appeared on the plate and
in the manuseript under the idea that the latter was intended
merely as gn abbreviation.

The following list of errata has been received from the author ;
it is believed that the present concluding part of the paper is
much less in need of such corrections.

Page 128 ( 72), line 15: for Triopa modesta, B., read Triopha modesta, B.

* 4129 ( 73), line 22: for mandibule read . Mandibule.

‘ 180 ( 74), line 2: for genus read penis.

132 ( 76), line 30 : a comma to be put before the parenthesis, and
the comma after the parenthesis to be cancelled.

-

~

Page 135 (

EXPLORATION OF ALASKA. a5)

135 ( 79}, line 18:
“185 ( 79), line 19 :
136 ( 8)), line 5:
136 ( 80), line 17:

158 ( 82), line 5
140 ( 84), line 39

line 41

Ns ie 16

145 ( 89), line 9:
: for Dentes medians read D. mediani.
: for altamen read attamen.

2: for mantle read muzzle.

: for anal read oral.

: for Animal read Color animalis.

3: before Dendron.
: for side, the read side.
7: for Dalzell read Dalyell.
7: for Tr. glauce read Tr. glamae.
3d: for cucculata read cucullata.

: for Duvancelia read Duvaucelia.

145 ( on line 27

; Ine 27

a a
ct St Oot Or ot cr
oS

SAR uE ow S

, line 19

100°,
100),

line 11
line 16

bape eae eee eles

= i |

5( 8
(
a
(
(
2 (
3 (
3
(
(9
5(9
a
3 (

156 (100), line 19 :
: for in the hinder part read between the hinde1

156 (100), line 388
159 (103), line 20
159 (108), line 26
160 (104),

line 1

161 (105), line 38

162 (106), line 17

165 (107), line 33
163 (107), line 9
165 (109), line 25

79), line 11:

line 35:

, line 8:

for dentibus medianis denticulati read dentibus
medianis denticulatis.

for caducous read not caducous.

a semicolon is needed before ‘the foot.”’

the comma after ‘‘laterales’’ to be cancelled.

a comma is needed after ‘*1,5’’; the comma after
‘‘rhinophoria’”’ to be Samolleel

: for Plate I. fig. 9, read Pl. I, fig. 9-12.
: for (fig. 1, one to four) read (pl. I. f. 11; pl. IT,

f. 1-4).

: for The intestines are read The intestine is.
) : for anal papillae ae anal papilla.
), line 34 :
a
°)

for 2 w. pl. read w. 2 pl.
for 2te Heft read 2tes Heft.

: for ab read ob.
lime) 16s
: for M. retractoris read M. retractor.

for denticalis read denticulis.

for 3 R. J. read 3 R. I.

Dalli, B., znsert ‘*2.”’
The.

for of the papilla read of the papilla.

: for is contracted read was contracted.
: for The larger mucous gland read The larger

opening of the mucous gland.
for before which read , below which.

parts.

: fer The cardia were wide, ete., read the cavity

was, etc.

: for but backward at the front and end read bent

backward at the frontal end.

: for Fig. 65 a read 15 a.
161 (105), line 33 :
: for Beitr. read Bidr.

: for dentates read dentatis.
: for leaves 80 read leaves 8.
for Rice 6) 7
> for Fig. 1-7

for bulbus, and read bulbus, or.

, reaa Fig. 10, 11.
ENG Vig. 8-14.

276

SCIENTIFIC RESULTS OF THE EXPLORATION OF ALASKA.

Page 166 (110), line 19 :

é

167 (111), line 4:
167 (111), line 6¢
167 (111), line 15:
167 (111), line 16:
167 (111), line 16:
167 (111), line 19:
167 (111), line 23

168 (112), line 5:

168 (112), line 6:
170 (114), line 5
170 (114), line 24
170 (114), line 26:
170 (114), line 33

172 (116), line 17:
173 (117), line 30:
173 (117), line 31:
175 (119), line 28
175 (119), line 23
175 (119), line 24
176 (120), line 7:
176 (120), line 21
177 (121), line 1
177 (121), line 32

180 (124), line 10
180 (124), line 33:
183 (127), line 3
183 (127), line 18:
183 (127), line 21
183 (127), line 23:
184 (128), line 138:
184 (128), line 16
186 (180), line 12
186 (130), line 26:
186 (130), line 33:
187 (131), line 27:
188 (132), line 12

: for Fig.

for Fig. 1 read Fig. 8.

for Fig. 2 read Fig. 9.

for Fig. 3 read Fig. 10.

for Fig. 4 read Fig. 11.

for Fig. 1 a read Fig. 2a.

for Fig. 5 read Fig. 12.

for Fig. 4, 5, read Fig. 11, 12.

6, 7, 8, read Fig. 138, 14, 3b.
for Plate XII read Pl. XIV.

for punctus read punctis.

: for Fig. 13 read Fig. 15.
: for latium read latum.

for minutissimus read minutissimis.

: for the gills read the gill.
171 (115), line 34:

for Branchie read Branchia.

for Samso read Samso.

substitute a semicolon for the period.
substitute a period for the semicolon.

: for 1.8 read 18.
: for 7-7.0 read 7-7.8.
: for the light read the right.

for individual read individuals.

: for leg read bag.
: for branchie read branchia.
: for of the right hand are read of the right hand

one, is.

: for spermatocysts read spermatocyst.

substitute a semicolon for the period.

: for c read a.

for (F.) read (O. F. Mill.)

: for inside read outside.

for the same read the same from the inside.
for d read a.

: for b read a.
: for of read f.

for 2. read 2, 2.
for e read c.
for to the twelfth read to b, the twelfth.

: for cuticle read skin,

R. BERGH.

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1. Re ies ey whe | oan! ow aed a a ae a
boa SS ive r 4 d 7
A Tiana See 4 tier se alin oh | ims Aen iG 4 rs
v a 6 oe i is = : ee is iv D>] i rial 7 mm J ”™
: 7 hee a 1#* - ’ : py 7 " = othe vit a ip Ge *
7) Has Ke ‘“ y) a 7 i : : 0 van a . “- ke ih y. are
Bt ca Se te 4k a ghee
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Nudibr. Pt. IX.

Dalls Expl: in AMasha-

(Ae) 12-15 Adalaria

)

Proctima (A. et A J}
Levendal.

. W7.Ad: pacttica, B. 18. Lamellid. muricata. (I),

1-2 Sorunna Johnstone
opapillosa (D.)

JO. Ad: alb

Bt. Bergh.

5:

pole AP A ;

eae

Dilt's Hapl. tn Masha. Nudibr. Pl X.

(XY SAG my MM Rx

Penny yp
SS ae wn S

Loévendal.

1-3. Adalaria pacifica, B. 4-5. Ad. virescens, B. 6-8. Ad. Lovent: (A. et H).
9-41. Ad. abopapillosa’ (D.). 12-15. Acanthod. pilosa (MM)

Dates apt: in Maska’.

Ce

= a :
1—2. Acanthed. pilosa’ (M.). Jo—12. 1. muricata (M.).
3— 9. Lamellid. bilamellata (L.). L3—14. L. varians, B

ei nmgh : 13. Ad. pacifica , B

Lévendal .

EE LUT
Lévendal.

Nudibr .

Bare ay
aS eNeipapien, *

L106. Acanthodoris pilosa (H.) par.

Dalits Eapl. in Alaska.

Le. Bergh.

ees
i me
: a ye | ot

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Dall» Bapl. in Masha . Nudibr . PL. XM.

1. Lamellid. varians, B. 2—5. Acanthod. ptlosa’ (ML). 6—7. Ac. coerilescens, B.
2 Bergh Of. Chromod. Dalli, B. 13-20. Triopa clavigera (M).

Levendal.

Datts Lapl. in Alaska. a Nudtbhr. Pt,XTV-

|

| es
b C
: eo Ne — ae E
L—#. Chr. Dally, B. 3-15. Chr. Catensis, B. IC. Ae: coerulescens. B.
es: 17 —20.Triopa modesta’, B. 2—22. Tr. clavigera (a).

LZ.

Datlls Kapl. in Alaska.

1—10. Triopa modesta, PB. 13. Tr. clavigera (M.).
ee ae « : 4. Fol. pallida’. B. 4

LPL. XVT.

i, x Se = a :
4 SS ee — OES
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§

PAMPHLET BINDERS

This is No. 1524
also earried in stock in the following sizes

HIGH WIDE THICKNESS HIGH WIDE THICKNESS
1523. 8 inches 7 inches 34 inch | 1529 12 imchos 10. inches 4% inch
1324 10S 7 ms r 1536 12 2 oye)“ 2
1528 : ) * 6 * “ 1932 13 “ 40 a “
1526 9% hs “ sa 1933 34 “il af ra
te “a 7 “ a 12 ? be “
“ 8 o“

NUFACTURED BY

_ LIBRARY BUREAU

taepies AEN eo ea RTTATSS Tea LRA RTE Fare

wii TT

1 8467