DEPARTMENT OF TERRESTRIAL MAGNETISM J. A. Fleming, Director Scientific Results of Cruise VII of the Carnecie during 1928-1929 under Command of Captain J. P. Ault BIOLOGY — V The Genus Ceratium in the Pacific and North Atlantic Oceans HERBERT W. GRAHAM NATALIA BRONIKOVSKY CARNEGIE INSTITUTION OF WASHINGTON PUBLICATION 565 WASHINGTON, D. C. 1944 This book first issued December 30, 1944 PREFACE Of the 110,000 nautical miles planned for the seventh cruise of the nonmagnetic ship Carnegie of the Carnegie Institution of Washington, nearly one-half had been com- pleted on her arrival at Apia, November 28,1929. The extensive program of observation in terrestrial magnet- ism, terrestrial electricity, chemical oceanography, physical oceanography, marine biology, and marine me- teorology was being carried out in virtually every detail. Practical techniques and instrumental appliances for oceanographic work on a sailing vessel had been most successfully developed by Captain J.P. Ault, master and chief of the scientific personnel, and hiscolleagues. The high standards established under the energetic and re- sourceful leadership of Dr. Louis A. Bauer and his co- workers were maintained, and the achievements which had marked the previous work of the Carnegie extended. But this cruise was tragically the last of the seven great adventures represented by the world cruises of the vessel. Early in the afternoon of November 29, 1929, while she was inthe harbor at Apia completing the storage of 2000 gallons of gasoline, there was an explosion as 2 result of which Captain Ault andcabin boy Anthony Kolar lost their lives, five officers and seamen were injured, and the vessel with all her equipment was destroyed. In 376 days at sea nearly 45,000 nautical miles had been covered (see map, p. iv). In addition to the exten- sive magnetic and atmospheric-electric observations, a great number of data and marine collections had been obtained in the field of chemistry, physics, and biology, including bottom samples and depth determinations. These observations were made at 162 stations, at an av- erage distance apart of 300 nautical miles. The distri- bution of these stations is shown in the map, which de- lineates also the course followed by the vessel from Washington, May 1, 1928, to Apia, November 28, 1929. At each station, salinities and temperatures were ob- tained at depths of 0, 5, 25, 50, 75, 100, 200, 300, 400, 500, 700, 1000, 1500, etc., meters, down to the bottom or to a maximum of 6000 meters, and complete physical and chemical determinations were made. Biological sam- ples to the number of 1014 were obtained both by net and by pump, usually at 0, 50, and 100 meters. Numerous physical and chemical data were obtained at the surface. Sonic depths were determined at 1500 points and bottom samples were obtained at 87 points. Since, in accord- ance with the established policy of the Department of Terrestrial Magnetism, all observational data and ma- terials were forwarded regularly to Washington from each port of call, the records of only one observation were lost with the ship, namely, a depth determination on the short leg between Pago Pago and Apia. The compilations of, and reports on, the scientific results obtained during this last cruise of the Carnegie are being published under the classifications Physical Oceanography, Chemical Oceanography, Meteorology, and Biology, in a series numbered, under each subject, I, Il, and IM, etc. A general account of the expedition has been prepared and published by J. Harland Paul, ship’s surgeon and ob- server, under the title The last cruise of the Carnegie, and contains a brief chapter on the previous cruises of the Carnegie, a description of the vessel and her equip- ment, and a full narrative of the cruise (Baltimore, Wil- liams and Wilkins Company, 1932; xiii + 331 pages with 198 illustrations). The preparations for, and the realization of, the pro- gram would have been impossible without the generous cooperation, expert advice, and contributions of special equipment and books received on all sides from inter- ested organizations and investigators both in America and in Europe. Among these, the Carnegie Institution of Washington is indebted tothe following: the United States Navy Department, including particularly its Hydrographic Office and Naval Research Laboratory; the Signal Corps and the Air Corps of the War Department; the National Museum, the Bureau of Fisheries, the Weather Bureau, the Coast Guard, and the Coast and Geodetic Survey; the Scripps Institution of Oceanography of the University of California; the Museum of Comparative Zodlogy of Har- vard University; the School of Geography of Clark Uni- versity; the American Radio Relay League; the Geophys- ical Institute, Bergen, Norway; the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, Plymouth, England; the German Atlantic Expedition of the Meteor, Institut fir Meereskunde, Berlin, Germany; the British Admiral- ty, London, England; the Carlsberg Laboratorium, Bu- reau International pour l’Exploration de la Mer, and Laboratoire Hydrographique, Copenhagen, Denmark; and many others. Dr. H.U. Sverdrup, now Director of the Scripps Institution of Oceanography of the University of California, at La Jolla, California, who was then a Re- search Associate of the Carnegie Institution of Washing- ton at the Geophysical Institute at Bergen, Norway, was consulting oceanographer and physicist. In summarizing an enterprise such as the magnetic, electric, and oceanographic surveys of the Carnegie and of her predecessor the Galilee, which covered a quar- ter of a century, and which required cooperative effort and unselfish interest on the part of many skilled scien- tists, it is impossible to allocate full and appropriate credit. Captain W.J. Peters laid the broad foundation of the work during the early cruises of both vessels, and Captain J. P. Ault, who had had the good fortune to serve under him, continued and developed that which Captain Peters had so well begun. The original plan of the work was envisioned by L. A. Bauer, the first Director of the Department of Terrestrial Magnetism, Carnegie Institu- tion of Washington; the development of suitable methods and apparatus was the result of the painstaking efforts of his co-workers at Washington. Truly, as was stated by Captain Ault in an address during the commemorative exercises held on board the Carnegie in San Francisco, August 26, 1929, ‘‘The story of individual endeavor and enterprise, of invention and accomplishment, cannot be told. Dr. H. W. Graham, who succeeded H. R. Seiwell as chemist and biologist, had charge of the biological work on board the Carnegie from August 1929 until the loss of the vessel at Apia, Samoa. After his return to this coun- try, Dr. Graham was placed in charge of the biological collections, attending to their subsequent care, segrega- tion, and distribution to various specialists for examina- tion and report, he himself undertaking the reporting of the Peridineae (Dinoflagellata). His memoir, ‘‘Studies in the morphology, taxonomy, and ecology of the Peri- diniales,’’ is Biology-III of this series and in it Cerati- um is briefly discussed. He also examined and prepared a report on the “‘Phytoplankton,”’ which is the first of twelve biological reports in Biology-IV. The present report discusses a single peridinian-- iii (Suo}yerqITeo AjtuyTes 10y poutejzqo osye aram Sajdures 1ayeM-¥as ant] @ peyIeU suOT}E}S GE 9u} 3¥) 62-8261 “HIDANUVO AHL AO IA ASINUD ‘SNOILVILS OIHdVHYDONVAIO PREFACE v genus Ceratium of the family Ceratiaceae. Dr. Graham was assisted in the laboratory work necessary for the present volume by Mrs. Natalia Bronikovsky, who did the careful microscopic work which the dinoflagellate investigations demand. The genus Ceratium is distributed over all the oceans of the world and is one of the most valuable genera of the peridinians for distributional studies. Not onlyare there cold- and warm-water species, but many species show minor phenotypic variations which are useful in tracing dynamic conditions. Fifty-eight species of this genus were found in the Carnegie material and are discussed here. Distributional and environmental data for these different species are given in the appendix tables (pp. 47-161) and charts (pp. 187-207) whenever such infor- mation is available. The area traversed by the Carnegie was divided into five regions on the basis of Ceratium floras (chart 45). Two of these regions are in the North Atlantic and three are in the Pacific Ocean. They are also characterized by particular hydrographic conditions. This manuscript was completed by Dr. Graham in 1938. Thus some papers printed since then are not con- sidered. The present volume is the eleventh in the series “Scientific results of cruise VII of the Carnegie during 1928-1929 under the command of Captain J. P. Ault.’’ This is the fifth of the Biological Reports. J. A. Fleming Director, Department of Terrestrial Magnetism CONTENTS Introduction Hydrography of Regions Investigated ......... Currents Temperature Salinity Phosphate Horizontal Distribution of Ceratium .......... Ceratium Life Zones in the Areas Traversed by the Carnegie Richness of Species in Different Areas Factors Affecting the Horizontal Distribution of (CAVEAT Nig Sisrang owe oka oO erome ololero. ce oro D co Salinity Nutrient Salts Temperature Currents Other Factors Dw vii Page Comparison of the Atlantic and Pacific Waters on the Basis of Their Ceratium Floras........ 10 The Vertical Distribution of Ceratium ........ 12 The Ceratium Species of the Carnegie Collection 14 Subgenus! Poroceratiumigere ieee = ele le nein 14 Subgenus :Biceratiumie ysis ener enn eisnons 16 Subgenus Amphiceratium ................ 22 Subgenus) Euceratiumy.pewneae- nee een ene 25 iterature(Cited! <. cicmm-aeeen mon arcerecn sterner aa 46 Appendix: Tables l= 045) me sverretetenci loli)! «i lersp ene 47 INRA We eo oad oodnc ood cupoC OUD DONS 163 Ghartslle=054)\., <.'0 cheer em meme termi ache iow oats 187 ats) die ky A SP NPMEMOBER Clic: Deo id 5 '6.6-6-B os c00-e eb Gita Gla 209 =. eae te pas= + ay et 21139 has epee coe Saeed ten Bs ) uA i a bee f pcten y ceeniee = & Shit ‘ + we : ° = — &* 4 Aw & ’ * *e<- se * rye se . hi raga preys 7. h oy ei dutlgt dd teat uf thresh Sa rae " gueth inn aka ie 1s naidhdlnis Sajoosteaty at dlivaas - =i ‘ i 1. lee ee <7 — ae ee Cie! 9 ee 5 - a), ee “+ #4 ~ ae. n os | - - os a sVAAa™ ; ‘ - 7s re THE GENUS CERATIUM IN THE PACIFIC AND NORTH ATLANTIC OCEANS INTRODUCTION The present paper, which constitutes a part of the Carnegie plankton reports, deals only with the one peri- dinian--(dinoflagellate) genus Ceratium. This genus consists of a largenumber of species of which many are very common and widespread marine forms. They con- stitute a characteristic and often dominant part of the planktonic community. The present report deals with fifty-eight species, which comprise all but one or two of the known marine forms as well as three new species. Because of their constant participation in the ma- rine phytoplankton, the Ceratia have of late been given considerable attention in general oceanographic re- searches. Thus, Peters (1934) has investigated the dis- tribution and biology of the Ceratia collected by the Me- teor during its intensive oceanographic investigation of the South Atlantic Ocean in 1925 to 1927 and Nielsen (1934) has done likewise for the collections of the Dana made in the South Pacific during 1928 to 1930. The pres- ent collections are unique in their extensive nature, bringing together comparable material from widely sep- arated regions of the Pacific and North Atlantic oceans. In the Atlantic the stations extended along the Gulf Stream or North Atlantic West Wind Drift, in the North Sea, in the arctic currents about Iceland and Greenland, and in the Labrador Current. There is also a line ex- tending through the Sargasso Sea to the North Equatorial Current and Equatorial Countercurrent. From here there are stations running along the former current and into the Caribbean Sea. In the Pacific the collections are even more exten- sive. There are two lines crossing the equatorial cur- rents; one in the central Pacific between longitudes 140° and 150° west, the other west of this at about longitude 175° west. Tropical stations in the North Pacific are scattered widely over the east and west parts; north of the Marshall Islands, between Guam and Japan; between the United States and Hawaii; and north and south of Ha- waii. In the South Pacific there is a line of stations in a region of indefinite currents between Peru and Samoa. There are stations from Perusoutheastward at 40° south latitude and north to Easter Island. Other stations are in the region of the Galapagos Islands and the Panamic area. THE HYDROGRAPHY OF THE REGIONS INVESTIGATED Currents North Atlantic Ocean.--The central part of the North Atlantic surface water consists of a huge vortex running clockwise. The southern part of this circuit is repre- sented by the North Equatorial Current which has a west- erly course and is composed of water of hightemperature and low nutrient content. This current merges with the Florida Current which has a northerly set off the east coast of the United States. It, too, is composed of warm, nutrient-poor water. This current, in turn, becomes the North Atlantic West Wind Drift which flows eastward to the coast of Europe. This current loses its tropical characteristics as it progresses, becoming colder and richer in nutrient salts. When it reaches Europe, some of this water is deflected to the south to join the North Equatorial Current, and thus to resume the circuit; other parts continue northeastward around the British Isles and finally into the Arctic Ocean. To the north of the West Wind Drift there-is a general movement of arc- tic water southward, more specifically in the form of the Greenland Current and the Labrador Current. Thiscold, nutrient-rich water meets the warm water to the south at the polar front (subpolar convergence) which lies at about latitude 40° north off the coast of America, and from there extends west northwestward (see chart 50). The surface temperatures at this convergence drop sud- denly from 21° to11° C. It should also be noted that within the North Atlantic West Wind Drift there is a sudden drop in temperature and increase in nutrients at about 40° west longitude. Although the Carnegie stations are rather widely separated in this region, the changeis striking, with a surface temperature of 21°18 recorded at station 14 and 15°50 at station 3. Similarly the phos- phate content of the upper 50 meters increased from 14 to 64 mg PO4/m3. In addition to the above stations there were four stations in the Caribbean Sea. The water here was the warmest of any Atlantic region visited, with tem - peratures all above 28° C, and it was practically devoid of phosphate. North Pacific Ocean.--The main body of the North Pacific is involved in a clockwise rotation similar to that in the North Atlantic although it is modified by the differ- ent configuration of the continents. The North Equatorial Current is well developed; itsmiddle part is about at 10° north latitude. It is warm, poor in nutrients, and has temperatures as high as 29°5 C. This current turns northward off the Asiatic coast where it is known as the Kuroshio Current, just as the corresponding current of the Atlantic becomes the Florida Current. The Kuroshio is warm and poor in nutrients. The waters of this cur- rent turn eastward and flow south of the Aleutian Islands as the North Pacific West Wind Drift. The waters now, howevei, are cold and rich in nutrients, with surface temperatures around 8° C, and the phosphate content of the upper 50 meters is over 100 mg PO4/m8. These 2 CERATIUM IN THE PACIFIC AND NORTH ATLANTIC OCEANS waters are deflected to the south by the continent of North America, along the west coast of which they flow as the California Current. By the time this water has reached a latitude of 30° north it has attained tropical temperatures (above 20° C) and has become depleted of nutrient salts. It continues into the North Equatorial Current to complete the circuit. The polar front or subpolar convergence of the North Pacific extends north- eastward from Japan at a point at about 38° north lati- tude. At this line the cold arctic waters of the Oyashio meet the warm waters of the Kuroshio. Not only does the North Pacific Intermediate Current originate here, but there is considerable mixing of the two types of wa- ter at the surface, so that from here the water of the Kuroshio or the North Pacific West Wind Drift is colder and richer in nutrients because of the admixture of cold and rich water from the north. All the Carnegie stations off Japan were to the south or east of the line of conver- gence as indicated by Schott (1935), but in the hydro- graphic studies of the Carnegie (see Sverdrup, 1944) there was found in the upper 500 meters a definite line of demarcation between the cold water to the north and the warm water to the south, principally at the latitude of 38° north, between stations 115 and 116. A loop of Carnegie stations, with a center about northeast of Hawaii, lies inside the main current system of the North Pacific, and extends into the subtropical convergence. This central part of the North Pacific can be likened to the Sargasso Sea of the Pacific. The water is of high temperature and low nutrient content to com- paratively great depths. For instance, the temperature is often above 20° C to more than 100-meters depth with total depletion of phosphate. South Pacific Ocean.--In the South Pacific also, the current system is in the form of an extensive vortex; in this case, however, it rotates in a counterclockwise di- rection since it is in the Southern Hemisphere. In the south of this circuit there is the South West Wind Drift. which travels easterly around the earth in a more or less uninterrupted manner in the subantarctic latitudes. This current is cold and rich in nutrients. It lies a little to the south of the most southerly Carnegie station, sta- tion 60, at 40° south. An offshoot of this great oceanic stream, the Humboldt Current, extends northward up the west coast of South America and brings cold, rich water into this area. The waters from this region turn to the left and flow westward as the South Equatorial Current. The main part of this current lies at about 3° north lati- tude. The water of this current increases in tempera- ture and decreases in nutrient content as it progresses, so that in the western Pacific it is very warm and poor in nutrients, whereas in the eastern part, near its ori- gin, it is not so warm (temperatures of 20° or less around the Galapagos) and is richer in nutrients (25 to 50 mg PO4/m3). It should be noted, however, that the waters of the South Pacific are nowhere depleted of phosphate although the surface temperatures may be several degrees higher than in depleted areas of the North Pacific. The South Equatorial Current gives off numerous, if not continuous, offshoots to the south. One of these offshoots departs at about longitude 120° west, and thus forms a minor vortex with the Humboldt Cur- rent which has been called the Easter Island Eddy by some. The water in this eddy showed the lowest phos- phate content of any water investigated by the Carnegie in the South Pacific. The currents of the southwestern Pacific will not be discussed as no Carnegie stations ) were occupied in that area. The Equatorial Countercur- rent is a narrow, shallow stream extending eastward in a direction opposite to its neighbors, at about latitude 6° north. It is warm and poor in nutrients to the west, but has lower temperatures and higher nutrient content to the east, probably because of admixture with water from the southern current system. There are also Carnegie stations in the Panamic area. The water in this region probably has a multiple origin. It has both a high temperature and a high nutri- ent content. Temperature In the North Atlantic south of the subpolar conver- gence, the surface temperatures are mostly above 20°C (chart 50). There is an increase in temperature south- westward to maxima above 28° in the Caribbean region. In the North Atlantic West Wind Drift the temperatures rapidly decrease to 11° and 12° at Europe. At the other stations, farther north, the surface temperatures are mostly around 10° C. In the North Pacific there are six stations in water with surface temperatures less than 10° (stations 119 to 124) south of the Aleutian Islands to the Kurils. Toward Japan there is a rapid increase in temperature south- ward so that there are only three stations in the transi- tion zone between the cold northern water and the warm tropical water of the south. In the eastern Pacific, on the other hand, this transition is very gradual so there are seven widely spaced stations between the 10° water south of the Aleutians and the 20° water of the tropics, stations 125 to 131. In the tropical regions of the Pacific the surface temperatures are mostly between 22° and 28° with the highest temperatures in the west. Temperatures of less than 20°, however, were recorded at two stations in the region of the Galapagos, stations 42 and 43. The effects of the Humboldt Stream are noted in a general lowering of the temperatures in the southeastern Pacific region, although temperatures as high as 25°27 were recorded off Peru. The Carnegie stations south of 20° south lati- tude were so far from South America that they do not show the severe effects of this current. Only three of the stations showed temperatures less than 20°. Farther south, however, beyond 30° south, the effects of the South West Wind Drift are very noticeable, with a fairly rapid reduction of the surface temperatures to 14°97 at 40° south at station 60. Salinity The central North Atlantic in the Sargasso Sea re- gion has the highest surface salinities of any area trav- ersed by the Carnegie, namely over 37 per mille (chart 51). In the North Equatorial Current the salinity is about 36 per mille; at the cold northern stations it is mostly around 35 per mille, although there was one sta- tion southeast of Newfoundland where the salinity was as low as 32.66 per mille. In the central North Pacific the surface salinities are slightly more than 35 per mille. At the subpolar convergence this is reduced to less than 33 per mille and the salinities of the North Pacific West Wind Drift remain under this value to northern California. In the Panamic region the salinity is quite low, namely, 30 per mille. The values increase westward from this area in HORIZONTAL DISTRIBUTION OF CERATIUM 3 the North Equatorial Current with a tongue of 34 per mille water reaching 140° west longitude. In the South Pacific there is a zone of maximum sa- linity centered at 20° south latitude and about 125° west longitude with values over 36 per mille. Salinities de- crease westward to 35 per mille at Samoa. Southeast- ward from the zone of maximum the surface salinities decrease to 34 per mille. Phosphate Since the nutrient salt content of sea water is known to be important in the total production of the phytoplank- ton, it is necessary to examine the variation in nutrients as a possible important factor in the distribution of in- dividual species. Phosphorus and nitrogen are the most important plant foods in this respect. Only phosphate data are available for a discussion of the oceans as a whole but, since the variations in quantities of phosphate and nitrate run parallel, a description of phosphate dis- tribution will suffice to give a general picture of the dis- tribution of phytoplankton foods in the areas investigated by the Carnegie. The discussion that follows deals with values which are the means of observed values for the surface and for 50 meters, from Carnegie data. The warm North Atlantic waters are practically de- void of phosphate to 40° north latitude. Two stationsjust south of this latitude (stations 1 and 2) showed values above 10 mg PO4/m3. North of 40° north latitude the mean values for the upper 50 meters were practically everywhere between 25 and 75 mg PO4/m3. Most of the great area of the North Pacific between latitudes 10° and 38° north is practically devoid of phos- phate, with values less than 10 mg. Along the subpolar convergence northeast of Japan the phosphate content rapidly increases northward to over 100 mg. In the North Pacific West Wind Drift the values are well above 100 mg to longitude 150° west where they gradually be- gin to drop off southward. This southward gradient is in the California Current. Close off California the values are between 25 and 75 mg. Farther out there is a rapid decrease to the very low values of the “‘Sargasso Sea of the Pacific.’? The North Equatorial Current lies in this area of extremely low phosphate content. Nowhere to the south of this current in the Pacific is there an area devoid of phosphate. The area of lowest phosphate content in the South Pacific is in the Easter Island Eddy. At only two stations here, however, did the values fall below 10 mg. The subantarctic waters of the South Pacific West Wind Drift are rich in nutrient salts. The effects of this are shown by phosphate values above 50 mg at Carnegie stations 60 and 61 at about 40° south latitude. Values over 100 mg were found along the Pe- ruvian coast, probably the combined effect of the Hum- boldt Current and local upwelling. In the general region between Peru and the Galapagos and in the Panamic re- gion the values are above 50mg. In the South Equatorial Current and its offshoots to the souththe mean phosphate values for the upper 50 meters are mostly between 25 and 50 mg as far west as Samoa. South and west of here there is a tendency for the values to fall off. HORIZONTAL DISTRIBUTION OF CERATIUM Ceratium Life Zones in the Areas Traversed by the Carnegie The area traversed by the Carnegie can be divided into five regions on the basis of the Ceratium floras (chart 54). Two of these regions are in the North Atlan- tic, three are in the Pacific. They are also character- ized by particular hydrographic conditions. Region 1. Cold North Atlantic (stations 3 to 13).-- This region includes the loop of eleven stations lying north of 40° north and extending to Iceland. The entire area is composed of eutrophic water with surface tem- peratures below 16° C and the phosphate content of the upper 50 meters above 20 mg PO4/m3. The Ceratium flora in this region is characterized by subpolar species as well as by tolerant tropical species which probably have been carried northward by the West Wind Drift and its tributaries. It is also characterized by a paucity of species (see p. 6), although the total population is rela- tively high. The number of species at each station was; ten at two stations, less than this at the rest, and as low as one and two at some.+ The total number of species found in the region was only fourteen. The following species were found at five or more of the eleven stations in the region. They are either sub~ polar or cosmopolitan species. C. arcticum v. arcticum at six stations v. longipes at seven stations v. ventricosum at five stations C. furca C. fusus C. horridum v. horridum C. lineatum C. macroceros subsp. macroceros C. tripos subsp. atlanticum The following species were found at only one to three stations in the region. They are all tolerant tropi- cal or cosmopolitan species. . arietinum subsp. bucephalum . azoricum . declinatum . extensum . hexacanthum . horridum var. molle . macroceros subsp. gallicum . massiliense . ranipes g9angAAAAAA Thus, the dominant flora of region I is subpolar in character and a subdominant element is made up of tol- erant tropical species. No strictly tropical forms were found here. The least tolerant forms were C. declina- tum, C. macroceros subsp. gallicum, and C. ranipes, 1 im order to make the records comparable, only oceanczraphic stations are considered in the discussion of numbers of species at stations. The records of the interposed surface plankton stations have not been used. 4 CERATIUM IN THE PACIFIC AND NORTH ATLANTIC OCEANS and each of these were found at only one station in the southern limit of the region. ; Region I. Warm Atlantic (stations 1 to 2, 14 to 34). --This region includes twenty-three stations, ll of which lie south of 40° north latitude. The entire area is composed of water with surface temperatures above 20° C. The phosphate content is extremely low everywhere except at the three northernmost stations where the mean values for the upper 50 meters were from 14 to 52 mg PO1/m3. At the rest of the stations the values were 10 mg or less. Consequently, except to the north, the region supports a very small quantity of plankton and is distinctly oligotrophic. The sparse plankton, however, is composed of a large number of species. This number was between ten and twenty per station in the Caribbean Sea and western part of the North Equatorial Current, but higher at the other stations, being between twenty and thirty species per station at all stations but station 16 where there were thirty-three. The total number of species found in this region was forty-six. The Ceratium flora in region II is distinctly tropi- cal, with the usual number of cosmopolitan forms and a few subpolar occasionals. The following species were found at fifteen or more of the twenty-three stations. This lists represents only intolerant and slightly toler- ant forms except for two very tolerant species (C. hexa- canthum and C. massiliense) and two cosmopolitan spe- cies (C. macroceros and C. tripos). . breve . candelabrum contortum . contrarium . euarcuatum . gibberum - gravidum . hexacanthum . Macroceros subsp. macroceros at three stations subsp. gallicum at twenty-one stations C. massiliense C. ranipes C. tenue v. inclinatum at seventeen stations v. tenuissimum at seven stations C. tripos subsp. atlanticum at eight stations subsp. semipulchellum at nineteen stations C. vultur - Sumatranum at fifteen stations - pavillardii at eight stations . japonicum at eight stations vultur at eleven stations recurvum at ten stations anaaaaaaa <<<<4 The following species were found at from five to fourteen stations. They consist of tropical and cosmo- politan species as well as one subpolar. C. arcticum v. arcticum at six stations v. longirostrum at six stations v. ventricossum at one station C. arietinum subsp. arietinum at four stations subsp. gracilentum at two stations C. carriense C. declinatum C. extensum C. furca C. fusus C. horridum v. horridum at five stations v. molle at nine stations v. claviger at one station C. limulus C. lunula C. paradoxides C. pulchellum C. reflexum C. symmetricum v. symmetricum at one station v. coarctatum at nine stations v. orthoceros at four stations C. teres C. trichoceros The following species were found at less than five stations in the region. This list comprises intolerant tropical species almost exclusively. C. azoricum C. belone C. cephalotum C. concilians C. digitatum C. falcatum C. humile C. incisum C. inflatum C. lineatum C. longirostrum C. longissimum C. subrobustum The relative frequency of the species in this region is approximately the same as that for the collection as a whole so that no particular significance can be attached to it. The species that are rare in region II are rare throughout the world and vice versa. The southern part of region II corresponds to the northern part of Peters’ (1934) region I of the South At- lantic. The composition of dominant forms in the Car- negie material agrees with that of Peters. The area with a low number of species per station from stations 26 to 34, including the Caribbean Sea, can- not be considered biologically different except in its greater general poverty. The temperatures are higher there, all above 27° or 28° C, and the plankton generally sparse. Although the number of species per station is generally low throughout this area, the total number for the area is not, on the basis of number of stations in- volved, much different from the total for regionI. The species not represented are mostly the rare forms. Thus it is probably simply a case of a very poor produc- tion of all species so that the rarer forms are seldom collected. ; Region J. Cold North Pacific (stations 116 to 128). --This region includes thirteen stations, all but one of which lie north of 40° north latitude. The area is com- posed of cold eutrophic water with surface temperatures below 17° C (as low as 7°15 at one station), and the phos- phate content of the upper 50 meters above 25 mg P04/m at all stations but one and above 100 mg at the seven northernmost stations. Consequently this region supports a dense growth of plankton although the number of species is small. This number is below ten at all but one station. The Ceratium flora in this region is characterized in general by a few subpolar and cosmopolitan species and at the southernmost stations there are a few records of slightly tolerant and very tolerant tropical species. The following species were found at more than three of the stations. They are either subpolar or cosmopoli- tan species. C. arcticum v. arcticum at two stations v. longipes at nine stations HORIZONTAL DISTRIBUTION OF CERATIUM 5 C. arietinum subsp. arietinum at six stations subsp. bucephalum at two stations C. fusus + C. pentagonum subsp. pacificum C. tripos subsp. atlanticum at seven stations subsp. semipulchellum at one station The following species were found at three or less stations in the region. This list is composed of subpo- lar, cosmopolitan, very tolerant, and slightly tolerant tropical species. C. azoricum C. candelabrum C. carriense C. concilians C. contrarium C. extensum C. furca C. gravidum C. horridum C. lineatum v. horridum C. macroceros C. massiliense subsp. gallicum C. tenue C. petersii v. inclinatum Region IV. arm Pacific (stati 47, 63 to 66, 78 to 115, and 129 to 160).--This region includes eighty-seven stations covering the tropical Pacific and extending to approximately 40° north and 35° south lati- tudes except in the southeast Pacific where it meets the southeast Pacific region. Region IV is characterized by warm water with surface temperatures above 20° except at the borders of the region where it is lower, particu- larly off California where stations with surface tempera- tures as low as 16°3 have been recorded. The phosphate: content of the water in this region is not the same throughout. The central part of the North Pacific is practically devoid of phosphate and mean values for the upper 50 meters is under 10 mg PO4/m3. At the north- ern limits of the region these values increase to 25 mg. The phosphate content of the water in the southern part of region IV is mostly above 25 mg except in the Easter Island Eddy where it is between 10 and 25 mg. Region IV is characterized by a large number of species of Ceratium per station although the total plank- ton population is low on the whole. The number of Cera- tium species per station is everywhere between twenty and thirty except for four stations near the equator where it is over thirty and at the northern transitions where it is between ten and twenty. The Ceratium flora of this region is distinctly tropi- cal and includes all the strictly tropical species as well as the tolerant ones and cosmopolitan and stray subpolar forms. The following species were found at more than sixty stations in this region. This list is composed principal- ly of slightly tolerant and very tolerant tropical species. - candelabrum . Carriense - contortum - contrarium . declinatum . euarcuatum . extensum . gibberum - gravidum . hexacanthum - Macroceros subsp. gallicum . mMassiliense g9aqq0q0q0q|0q000|90900 C. tenue v. inclinatum at fifty-eight stations v. tenuissimum at twenty-one stations C. tripos subsp. atlanticum at twelve stations subsp. semipulchellum at seventy-five stations The following species were found at twenty-five to sixty stations in the region. This list is composedmost- ly of intolerant and slightly tolerant tropical species. C. arietinum subsp. arietinum at sixteen stations subsp. bucephalum at fifteen stations . bigelowii . breve . cephalotum - concilians . deflexum - faleatum . furca . fusus . limulus - lunula . paradoxides - pentagonum subsp. tenerum . praelongum . platycorne . pulchellum . ranipes . subrobustum - Symmetricum . teres . vultur . sumatranum at thirty-four stations . regulare at one station . reversum at six stations . pavillardii at seven stations . vultur at sixteen stations . japonicum at eighteen stations gagaqgANANAANA A|NqQANAAAAAAANAN Vv Vv Vv v Vv v The following species were found at less than twenty- five of the stations in the region. This list, also, is com- posed principally of intolerant and slightly tolerant spe- cies. - arcticum v. longipes . aultii . axiale - azoricum . belone . bohmii . carnegiei . digitatum . filicorne - geniculatum . horridum v. horridum at ten stations v. claviger at ten stations v. molle at seven stations - incisum . inflatum . kofoidii . longirostrum . petersii . reflexum . setaceum a9aaqaqaa|aaa|NAN lololelelelele) Region Y. Southea: a 6, 3 Region V. Southeast Pacific (stations 35, 36, 38 to. 44, 58 to 62, and 67 to 77).--This region includes twenty- five stations in the southeastern Pacific from Panama to 40° south latitude and from the South American coast 6 CERATIUM IN THE PACIFIC AND NORTH westward. It has two tongues extending westward, one to the north, and one to the south of the Easter Island Eddy. Although the temperatures vary a great deal in this area, the water is everywhere eutrophic. The sur- face temperatures vary from 14°97 C at the southern- most station to 27/4 in the Panama region. The mean phosphate content of the upper 50 meters is everywhere above 25 mg PO4/m3 and is above 50 mg at all stations except those bordering the Easter Island Eddy. : The waters of this region support a large plankton population and, characteristically, few species are pres- ent. Region V has been delimited by the points at which the number of species per station rises above twenty. Not only is the number of species lower in this region than in the warmer tropical waters to the west, but the composition of the Ceratium flora is somewhat different. The following tropical species found to the west were ab- sent from regionV. They are, significantly, all intoler- ant tropical species. C. axiale C. cephalotum C. digitatum C. filicorne C. inflatum C. longirostrum C. reflexum The following species were found at fifteen or more stations within the region. This list is composed mostly of cosmopolitan and tolerant tropical species. C. candelabrum C. contortum C. furca C. fusus C. horridum v. horridum at twelve stations v. molle at five stations v. claviger at four stations C. lunula C. massiliense C. pentagonum subsp. tenerum C. tripos subsp. atlanticum at ten stations subsp. semipulchellum at fifteen stations The following species were found at five to fourteen stations in the region. They are mostly slightly tolerant tropical species. C. arietinum subsp. arietinum at nine stations subsp. gracilentum at three stations subsp. bucephalum at three stations - azoricum . breve . carriense . concilians . declinatum . deflexum - extensum gibberum - gravidum . hexacanthum . limulus . Macroceros subsp. gallicum . ranipes . Symmetricum . tenue v. inclinatum at four stations v. tenuissimum at two stations agagAgnNAAAAAAAAANAA ATLANTIC OCEANS . teres . trichoceros vultur . vultur at two stations . pavillardii at two stations . reversum at seven stations . regulare at one station aQqQa <<<<° The following species were found at less than five stations. They are notably almost all intolerant tropi- cal species. C. belone C. bohmii C. carnegiei C. compressum C. euarcuatum C. falcatum C. incisum C. kofoidii C. longissimum C. paradoxides C. petersii C. platycorne C. praelongum C. pulchellum C. setaceum C. subrobustum It is evident from the above lists that the most fre- quent forms in region V are either cosmopolitan or tol- erant tropical species. The intolerant tropical forms are rarely collected in the region sothey compose the bulk of the list of rare forms. Richness of Species in Different Areas The well-known difference in number of species found in cold and warm areas of the oceans is well illus- trated by the Carnegie Ceratium data (see chart 53). In the cold North Atlantic the number of species found at each station was everywhere less thanten. This area resembles the floristic region I, cold Atlantic. South of this area there is a transition zone in which the number of species per station is between ten and twenty. This lies in region II, the warm Atlantic region. The rest of this region is characterized by high number of species, more than twenty, except in the western part of the North Equatorial Current, from longitude 40° west to Panama, where the values were equal to that of the transition zone, namely, between ten and twenty species per station. In the Pacific the cold northern water is character - ized by less than ten species per station. This area is almost exactly like the floristic region II, cold North Pacific. At the southern limits of this area in both the west and east there is a transition zone with values be- tween ten and twenty species per station. These transitions lie within region IV, warm Pacific. The rest of this region has more than twenty species per station and, at some stations, more than thirty. In region V, southeast Pacific, the values are mostly transitional in amount, namely, between ten and twenty species per station. At one station west of the Panama area (station 37) there were more than twenty species. It is possible that this station has not been rightfully in- cluded in region V but belongs to region IV, the warm Pacific. The surface temperature at this station was higher than at any other station in region V, namely, 27°12 C. The area at this latitude between this station and the central Pacific is unknown oceanographically and planktologically so that it is not possible to say whether station 37 lies in an eastern extension of region IV or not. South of this station there were two stations at which the number of species per station was less than ten, stations 38 and 39. These were the only stations in FACTORS AFFECTING HORIZONTAL DISTRIBUTION 7 latitudes lower than 40° where the number of species per station dropped below ten. The relation between the richness of species and environmental conditions will be taken up in the follow- ing sections. FACTORS AFFECTING THE HORIZONTAL DISTRIBUTION OF CERATIUM Salinity It is probable that the slight variations in salinity found in the oceanic waters have no influence on the dis- tribution of Ceratium species. Peters (1934) coulddem- onstrate no effect in the South Atlantic nor could Nielsen (1934) in the South Pacific. Nielsen did find that in the Panama region, where the salinity is low, the total num- ber of species was low. Conditions were neritic there, however, so it was impossible to determine which was the influencing factor. In the Carnegie investigations no correlation could be found between salinity and the dis- tribution of any species. In this connection it is worthy of note that the boundary between the distribution of the warm and cold water species of the North Atlantic is ap- proximately at the 36 per mille isohaline; in the North Pacific the limits of the same species occur at 34 per mille off Japan and 33 per mille off California. Thus, apparently these species are not affected by such slight variations in the salt content as are found in the open ocean. Nutrient Salts Since the depletion of phosphate and nitrate is known to limit the total production of phytoplankton in some lo- calities, it is important to examine these factors in rela- tion to the world distribution of Ceratium species. Ni- trate determinations were not made on the Carnegie but, since the fluctuations in nitrate and phosphate run in a parallel manner, it is sufficient to discuss the phosphate distribution as representative of the inorganic nutrient materials. In general, regions of very low phosphate content are characterized by sparse populations of all species but by a larger number of species. This led Peters (1934) to suggest that nitrate and phosphate inhibited the growth of certain species. Thus in region I of the North Atlantic where the phosphate content of the upper 50 me- ters is-above 25 mg P04/m3, the number of Ceratium species is less than ten per station (see charts 52 and 53). In region II the phosphate content is under 10 mg and the number of species of Ceratium per station every- where above ten and, usually above twenty, and at one station above thirty. Likewise in the Pacific the phos- phate-rich regions are characterized by a poor Ceratium flora. Region III, where the concentrations run above 26 mg and at most stations above 100 mg, the number of species per station is less than ten. The correlation is not quite so good in region IV, the warm Pacific region. The number of species per station is between twenty and thirty throughout most of this region although the phos- phate content of the northern part is under 10 mg and in . the southern part it varies from 10 to 50 mg. The south- east Pacific region has many values above 50 mg, that is, higher than the warmer region to the west. Accord- ingly the number of species per station is less, namely, between eleven and twenty. Thus, within any given area there seems to be a correlation between high phosphate content and small number of species. It is important to note, however, that the limit between any particular number of species does not occur at the same concentrations of phosphate. Thus, in the northern Atlantic less than ten species are found in water with 25 to 50 mg of phosphate, whereas in the South Pacific the area with more than twenty spe- cies includes water with over 25 mg PO4/m3. Similar- ly, in the North Pacific all the water containing more ~ than 50mg PO4/m3 has less than ten species per station, whereas in the southeastern Pacific there are areas where the phosphate content is above 50 and the species per station are between ten and twenty. The same sort of correlations can be found between the Ceratium life zones and phosphate content. Each re- gion has its characteristic phosphate content. Thus re- gions I, III, and V have high concentrations, whereas region II has uniformly low concentrations, and region IV is low in the north and has medium values in the south. As in the case of number of species, the correla- tion with floras is not exact. Thus the flora of region I has little in common with the flora of the southern part of region IV which has the same phosphate content. These studies tend to indicate that the phosphate content of the water has no direct effect on the horizon- tal distribution of Ceratium species, at least not as re- gards absolute values. There are indications, however, that the relative values in a given region bear some re- lation to the Ceratium flora. Perhaps some factor as- sociated with an increase in phosphate is significant in the distribution of Ceratium species. Temperature Peters (1934) came to the conclusion that water temperatures between 15° and 27°5 C had no influence on the distribution of Ceratia in the South Atlantic. How- ever, he was considering the yearly range of tempera- ture at each locality. Peters was able, on the other hand, to group his species according to thermal environments. Of his fifty-five species, thirty-three were limited to warm water, twenty-one to warm and cool water, and only one was observed in the southern cold water. Niel- sen (1934) was inclined to consider 15° C too low for noneffective temperatures. In the regions which he in- vestigated in the South Pacific, however, he did not find. many cases of temperature correlation. He designated only two temperate forms--C. petersii and C. tripos at- lanticum. He also found that C. filicorne is restricted to high temperatures in the South Equatorial Current. Nielsen, however, did classify his species according to temperature zones with the following categories: tropi- cal, tropical-subtropical, tropical-subtropical-temperate, and temperate. In the Carnegie collections it is possible to study the transition from tropical to cold water regions in four different places: in the western North Atlantic, western 8 CERATIUM IN THE PACIFIC AND NORTH ATLANTIC OCEANS North Pacific, eastern North Pacific, and eastern South Pacific. A comparison of the Ceratia distributions in these regions is very interesting, and gives us a clue to the factors controlling distribution, at least in the case of some species. For these studies it is important to consider first the most common tropical species so that negative records in the transition zones can be given some weight. Ceratium contortum is a good example of a tropical distribution (chart 32). The species drops out at surface temperatures of about 20° in the North Atlan- tic, at above 20° off Japan, 15° off California, and 15° in the southeastern Pacific. Many other species have a similar distribution, some more closely confined to cer- tain temperatures and some less. Ceratium massiliense (chart 38) is a common tropical form whose limits of distribution parallel rather closely the 15° C isotherms in the four transitions. Some species show a definite restriction to tropical water except for a particular dis- placement by a current. A good example of this is Cera- tium hexacanthum which is within the 20° isotherm at the three transitions in the Pacific, but in the Atlantic it is apparently carried by the currents to Iceland where the surface temperature is less than 10°. Conversely, there are species which are restricted to warm water throughout their ranges. Examples of these are C. breve (chart 21) and C. lunula (chart 31). A few forms are found in the cold water but not in the tropics, or only in insignificant numbers there. Ceratium arcticum (chart 47) is an example. Still a third general type of distribution is found in such forms as C. fusus (chart 17) which occur in cold water as well as in warm, and are truly cosmopolitan. On the basis of the distributions of the Ceratium species at the Carnegie stations, a classification con- sisting of three main categories was devised: tropical, subpolar, and cosmopolitan. The tropical, in turn, was divided into three regions. Those species which were rather closely restricted to surface temperatures of 19° or above were grouped together as intolerant tropical species. Those which transgressed a little into the transition zones were called slightly tolerant tropical forms and, finally, those which were carried far beyond the tropical regions were designated very tolerant tropi- cal forms. This classification has no category for tem- perate species such as most previous classifications had. The authors believe that there are no truly temper- ate oceanic species of Ceratium. The temperate lati- tudes are populated by tropical and cosmopolitan forms with occasional appearances of subpolar forms. Follow- ing is the geographic classification of the Carnegie Ceratia based on the above scheme. Intolerant Tropical C. incisum C. longirostrum C. inflatum C. falcatum C. praelongum C. cephalotum C. digitatum C. belone C. bigelowii C. breve C. euarcuatum C. limulus C. paradoxides C. vultur C. longissimum C. reflexum C. deflexum C. lunula C. filicorne C. trichoceros C. axiale C. geniculatum C. humile Slightly Tolerant Tropical C. subrobustum C. teres C. kofoidii C. gravidum C. pulchellum C. symmetricum C. declinatum C. gibberum C. concilians C. ranipes, C. carriense C. platycorne C. tenue C. contrarium C. macroceros subsp. C. pentagonum subsp. gallicum tenerum C. candelabrum C. contortum C. tripos subsp. C. aultii semipulchellum C. setaceum C. carnegiei C. bohmii Very Tolerant Tropical C. azoricum C. massiliense C. arietinum C. extensum C. hexacanthum Cosmopolitan C. horridum C. fusus C. furca C. petersii (?) C. tripos subsp. atlanticum Subpolar C. lineatum C. macroceros subsp. C. pentagonum subsp. macroceros pacificum C. articum C. compressum (?) Currents Currents are certainly important in the distribution of Ceratia. They cause displacements in the normal distribution by carrying populations into regions where they have not developed, and they create displacements of the normal range of environmental conditions so that species can develop in regions which otherwise would not be favorable for them. The current factor in distri- bution, however, is the most difficult one to demonstrate by a gross world survey such as that of the Carnegie. The yalue of Ceratia as current indicators is undoubted- ly much greater than the Carnegie data would indicate. The importance of such indicators is evidenced most in temporary current anomalies which can be observed satisfactorily only by a continued study of a particular area. It should be emphasized that a current which dis- places a florafrom its normal distribution also displaces the environmental conditions. When the displaced water mixes with the adjacent water, it may no longer be suit- able for the organisms displaced and they disappear. That the amount of mixing in such currents is great is indicated by the rather sharp delimitation of many of the Ceratium species in the Carnegie collection. This is particularly striking in the Kuroshio and Gulf Stream, two currents well known for their velocity and general influence. In these currents the tropical floras change their facies rather rapidly when the surface tempera- tures drop below 19° C. Peters (1934) considered that ocean currents played a great role in the distribution of Ceratia in the South Atlantic. He was able to give comparatively few in- stances of displacements of species, however, in the areas he studied. FACTORS AFFECTING HORIZONTAL DISTRIBUTION 9 The authors tend to agree with Gran (1912) that the nature of a Ceratium flora is determined more by the chemical-physical conditions of the water than by trans- portation by currents. The fact that a warm current carries a tropical flora into high latitudes is not opposed to this argument, as present evidence indicatesthat such a current will do this principally by carrying the tropi- cal environment with it. In the Carnegie investigations there were four re- gions where current influences would be expected to be demonstrated. These concerned four great currents: the Gulf Stream, Kuroshio, California, and Humboldt currents. In the North Atlantic West Wind Drift or ‘‘Gulf Stream”’ the intolerant tropical species dropped out at about 45° north. The best examples of displacement, however, were found here in the case of some of the tol- erant tropical species. Thus, C. extensum was carried to the British Isles to temperatures of 12°44 C (chart 16) and C. hexacanthum to Iceland in temperatures of 8°92 C (chart 48). Unquestionably these are examples of current displacements as C. extensum was not found elsewhere in temperatures below 14°97 nor C. hexacan- thum below 18°97. The occurrence of C. massiliense and C. platycorne off Ireland should probably also be consid- ereddisplacements (charis 38 and 35). Other tropical spe- cies such as C. declinatum and C. ranipes were carried over into region I only as far as station 3, where the surface temperature was 15:5 C (charts 28 and 36). In the corresponding current of the Pacific, the Kuroshio, we find that the transition from tropical to subpolar floras is more abrupt. Most of the tropical species were not carried into water with temperatures under 20° C. Only C. gravidum, C. candelabrum, and C. tripos semipulchellum, of the tropical species, were carried into water with surface temperatures as low as 15°93 C (charts 3, 5, and 19). No evidence of any tropi- cal species being carried into lower temperatures than that in this region was found. Corroboration of the lack of displacement in the Kuroshio was found in the distribution of the tropical species at similar latitudes in the western Pacific off California. If the currents were effective in displacing the distributions significantly into different environ- ments, then the tropical species should be found in cold- er water off Japan than off California. The Kuroshio should sweep populations into cold water and the Cali- fornia Current should push the northern limit southward. This was seldom found, however. The species which disappeared at 19° C off Japan, reappeared at 19° C off California. There were many variations between spe- cies but, in the main, the tropical flora of the North Pa- cific had its northern limits in the western and eastern Pacific at the same isotherm, and this isotherm was at approximately the same latitude, namely 40° north. There were two striking exceptions to this general distribution, however; the distributions of C. breve and C. lunula (charts 21 and 31). These species were found rather consistently within tropical latitudes, that is, within 20° of either side of the equator. The ranges of these species beyond these latitudes, however, does not follow that of other common tropical species which are usually found throughout the warm-water regions to about 40° north and south. In the case of C. breve the records do not extend far north or east of Hawaii, although in the western Pacific they extend to Japan. They are absent from a large part of the southeast Pa- cific region, although they extend to Easter Island. The distribution of C. lunula is still more uneven in the North Pacific. In the east it was found nowhere north of 20°, whereas in the west it was found continuously to northern Japan, latitude 38° north. In the South Pacific, however, it was everywhere within 20° south latitude. Is it possible that these distributions are determined by the current systems? Certainly such distributions can- not be accounted for by simple current displacements as a bodily displacement of the plankton would have dis- placed other species as well. Could these curious dis- tributions be the result of a specific susceptibility to something? Is the absence of these species in the south- east Pacific owing to some deleterious effect of the out- wash of subantarctic and upwelled water from the south and east, and is their absence from the region between California and Hawaii owing to the combined effects of the California Current and upwelling? The answers to these questions cannot be given until further work is done. It is remarkable that only two species show such distributions. The proof of the validity of these must await further investigations. The equatorial currents apparently have little effect on the distribution of Ceratia. This is probably because they involve the movements of waters of very similar nature. Although the temperatures of these waters may vary from 20° to 29° C, the surface temperatures above 20° C apparently have no effect on the Ceratia. Nielsen found that C. filicorne was found only in the warmest parts of the South Equatorial Current, but this was not corroborated by Carnegie data (see p. 28). No segrega- tion of Ceratium species within the equatorial regions could be made on the basis of temperature. The last great current system to be considered is the Humboldt Current off South America. Unfortunately the Carnegie stations did not run near the continent except at Callao so the most highly developed part of the current system was missed. The hydrography of this region is complicated by a strong upwelling along the coast. The changes in the environmental conditions brought about by this upwelling are probably the same as those effected by the Humboldt Current, which brings water from the subantarctic. These changes consist in lowered temper - atures and pH, increase in phosphate, etc., and a result- ant increase in plankton production. Thusit is impossible to decide whether the biological conditions peculiar to this region should be attributed to current phenomena or to the other hydrographic feature, namely, upwelling. Probably there is a displacement by the Humboldt Current of antarctic forms northward along the southern part of the South American coast southeast of the Carne- gie track, but no evidence of this was observed at any Carnegie station. Probably the only antarctic form of Ceratium is C. pentagonum robustum (Peters, 1934). This did not occur in the Carnegie collection. The Humboldt Current is deflected westward, and there is a more or less general movement of water away from the South American coast in the southeastern Pa- cific. How far westward the influences of this movement are felt is an interesting problem. In the discussion of the hydrographic conditions, it was pointed out that the 10 CERATIUM IN THE PACIFIC AND NORTH ATLANTIC OCEANS influence on the chemical and physical conditions of the water are far-reaching. Associated with this we find that the biological conditions have been affected for hundreds of miles offshore. In the first place there is a high production of total plankton; secondly, there is a reduced number of species per station in the region (see chart 53); and thirdly, the development of some of the tropical species apparently has been suppressed. Many of the tropical species common in the waters to the west were absent in at least certain parts of the southeastern Pacific. Sometimes this distributional hia- tus was confined to the Peruvian coast and Galapagos area as in C. extensum (chart 16) and C. tenue (chart 45). Other species seemed to show a more or less gen- eral avoidance of the area, as for instance, C. pulchel- lum (chart 20), C. carriense (chart 40), C. vultur (chart 43), and C. teres (chart 11). Here again we probably are not confronted with a problem of simple current displacement, but rather with current effects brought about through a modification of the environment. What these peculiar modifications might be, will be discussed in the next section. Other Factors Although the above geographic classification of the Ceratia (p. 8) has a temperature connotation, it is not intended to mean that the controlling factor in Ceratium distribution is necessarily temperature. Thereare still other factors which are associated with temperature which we have not yet discussed. Nielsen (1934) is of the opinion that the concentra- tion of plankton organic metabolic products is the most important factor in the distribution of Ceratium species in the warmer seas. Since no measurement of such substances are available, it is impossible to test this theory. Nielsen based his opinion principally on the distribution of neritic and oceanic species and on the relative number of species in these two environments. He emphasized the fact that in neritic waters only a small number of Ceratia occur. That this is not owing to higher concentrations of nutrients alone was shown by the Great Barrier Reef region where the nutrients are low as well as the Ceratium flora. Nielsen found higher concentrations of nutrients in the open ocean (eastern South Equatorial Current) and a diminution in species. He contended that the metabolic products require con- siderable time for decomposition, that the fertility of neritic water is replenished from shallow depths where these products have accumulated, and that in oceanic re- gions no such accumulation can occur. What these met- abolic products are, remains to be demonstrated. Even if the presence of such products is demon- strated and correlations found, their causative nature must be proved and this probably will have to be done experimentally. The difficulties in establishing the important envi- ronmental conditions are accentuated by the fact that many water conditions change together. The agency which enriches the photic zone to any great degree is a movement of water from deeper levels to the surface layers. This one agency, whether near shore or in the open ocean, brings about a whole set of new environ~ mental conditions. Not only is the phosphate and nitrate content of the water increased, but the temperature is lowered and the hydrogen-ion concentration is increased. Undoubtedly other changes are effected also. If some particular metabolic product is rather stable, as Nielsen postulated, no doubt higher concentrations of this accom - pany any enrichment of the photic zone. A point worth considering in this connection, however, is that Nielsen’s postulated metabolic product poisoning may be purely of plant origin. In this connection Hardy’s (1935) discus- sion of the ‘‘exclusion effect’’ of phytoplankton for zoo- plankton is interesting. Considerable evidence is being accumulated that indicates that phytoplankton exerts an exclusion effect on many animals. Is it possible that, in a similar way, it may exclude certain oceanic species of Ceratium ? The association of all these factors makes it diffi- cult to select the particular one which might be influenc- ing the distribution of any particular species. Thus the floristic zones outlined above are separated not only by certain temperature differences, but also by certain as- sociated differences in phosphate, pH, plankton content, etc. The difficulty involved in determining causative fac- tors is well illustrated by the waters of the southeast Pacific where, obviously, some condition associated with the Humboldt Current and upwelling limits the distribu- tion of certain Ceratium species. This condition here is probably not temperature, as many of the temperature records were over 20°. Which of the conditions associ- ated with cold currents and upwelling is the determining one, however, cannot be pointed out at this time. COMPARISON OF THE ATLANTIC AND PACIFIC WATERS ON THE BASIS OF THEIR CERATIUM FLORAS There is no known difference in the environmental conditions of the waters of the Atlantic and Pacific oceans which might operate to favor or hinder certain species in one ocean and not in the other. Thus it would be expected that, given the same plankton communities, the same species would suryive in each. The two oceans are completely isolated from eachother, however, except in the south, where they both merge into the Antarctic Ocean, and in the farnorth, where they are connected by way of the Arctic Ocean and the narrow Bering Strait. Since temperature or some correlated factor is probably responsible for the distribution of Ceratium species, temperature will be discussed in connection with the comparison of the floras of the two oceans. The surface temperatures in the latitude of Cape Horn in summer are under 8° C. Whether 8° is sufficiently low to con- stitute a barrier to tropical Ceratium species or their spores, is unknown. The continental barrier between the Atlantic and Indian oceans certainly must be less effective since the temperatures at the Cape of Good Hope in summer may be above 20°C. There is no con- tinental barrier between the Indian and Pacific oceans. COMPARISON OF ATLANTIC AND PACIFIC WATERS il It would be supposed that any species originating in the Atlantic would, in time, be swept to the Indian and Pa- cific oceans since the currents in the far southern waters are predominantly from west to east. Whether the Pacific tropical species could find their way to the Atlantic by the southern connection is less certain. The water connection of the two oceans to the north by way of Bering Strait and the Arctic Ocean certainly would be expected to constitute a barrier to Ceratium species, at least to the tropical forms. Bering Strait is shallow and narrow, with water temperatures around 8° C. It is not likely, however, than an organism could pass from here to the Atlantic without passing through water of 0° C or lower. In the light of this knowledge it is interesting to compare the Ceratium floras of the Pacific and Atlantic oceans. An examination of the Carnegie lists of species for the two oceans shows that most of the species are common to both oceans. Nevertheless, there are some significant differences. Nine of the species occurred in only one ocean and this, significantly was the Pacific. One of these, C. axiale, has been found in the Atlantic by others, so it will be disregarded. The others are as fol- lows: C. aultii, C. bigelowii, C. carnegiei, C. deflexum C. filicorne, C. geniculatum, C. petersii, C. bohmii. None of the Atlantic species were absent from the Pacific. In Nielsen’s comparison of the two oceans, he cites two examples of Atlantic forms which are absent from the Pacific, namely, C. longinum Karsten (=C. arcuatum longinum in Peters, 1934), and C. minutum Jorgensen. These forms, however, have now been found abundantly in the Pacific in the Carnegie collections (see pp. 35 and 22). Otherwise Nielsen’s comparison of the two oceans agrees well with our own, except that he lists C. humile as absent from the Atlantic. It was found in that ocean in the Carnegie collection. It is true, of course, that the species peculiar to the Pacific are rare forms and may yet be discovered in the Atlantic. In the case of at least three of the species, (C. bigelowii, C. deflexum, and C. filicorne), however, this is not likely, as many records of their occurrence are now being accumulated. For instance, in the Carne- gie collection alone there are thirty-seven sample rec- ords for C. bigelowii, one hundred five for C. deflexum, and twenty-séven for C. filicorne. It should be noted that the eight species peculiar to the Pacific are strictly, or only slightly tolerant, tropi- cal species, not occurring at stations where the surface temperature was less than 20° C. Thus, these species might well find it impossible to pass around Cape Horn in the cold southern water. Therefore, it seems quite possible that the above- mentioned seven species have originated in the Pacific Ocean and must forever remain in the warm regions of that great ocean, being barred from the Atlantic by the great southern extension of South America, whereas the forms that have originated in the Atlantic have found an easy migration to the Pacific by way of the Indian Ocean. We must also bear in mind that the other species of the two oceans may not be as similar as present work- ers believe. After all, the morphology of Ceratium is known only grossly; very few species have been analyzed in detail, and none of them completely. Perhaps real specific characters have been overlooked. In this con- nection it is important to examine some differences in the distribution of some of the species which, according to present taxonomic methods, are specifically identical in the two oceans. Five of the tropical species were decidedly more tolerant to cold water in the Atlantic than in the Pacific; namely, C. furca, C. extensum, C. horridum, C. hexacanthum, and C. tripos atlanticum, whereas one cold water species, C. arcticum was appar- ently more tolerant to warm water in the Atlantic than in the Pacific (see charts 6, 16, 44, 48, 18, and 47). Ceratium horridum, in addition, seemed to show a dif- ference in its relation to oligotrophic water in the two oceans, being found practically only in eutrophic water in the Pacific but in oligotrophic as well as eutrophic water in the Atlantic. These differences in distribution in the two oceans strongly suggest that the genetic com- plex of the forms in the two oceans is not identical. The representatives of the two oceans may be different spe- cies or subspecies or may be ‘‘physiological subspecies.’’ The solutions to these problems must await a more mi- nute morphological examination of the forms in question. About 20 per cent of the tropical species of Ceratium in the Carnegie collection show either morphological or distributional features peculiar to one ocean, indicating an isolation of the tropical waters of the Atlantic and Pa- cific. The evidence for the isolation of the North Pacific cold-water region, however, is even more convincing. Although there are certain similarities between the Ceratium floras of the cold North Pacific and cold North Atlantic regions, there are, on the other hand, some very striking differences which can be accounted for only on the assumption that these two oceans are biologically iso- lated from each other. The similarities in the two floras are expressed by the occurrence in both regions of the two subpolar species C. lineatum and C. arcticum. The differences in the floras of the two regions are more striking than the similarities. In contrast with the tropical floras these differences are not one-sided, that is, the ‘‘mono-oceanic’’ forms are not all in one ocean so that, in contrast with the southern oceans, a mutual isolation is indicated. The significant forms in this case are not species, but subspecies. The first of these to consider is C.furca. This species, as broadly considered, is cosmopolitan. It was noticed, however, that in the Atlantic there was a hiatus between the tropical records and the cold-water records (chart 6). Although no morphological difference could be discerned between the southern and northern forms, it was suggested that they represented at least physiological subspecies (see p. 18). When we turn to the Pacific we find that the species is represented only in the warm-water regions except for one station in re- gion III off Japan, which must be considered a displace- ment bythe Kuroshio. The species is absent along all the rest of the cold-water area traversed by the Carnegie. The case of another species, C. macroceros, is somewhat more convincing, inasmuch as the subspecies are morphologically easily distinguishable. Subspecies gallicum is characteristic of all warm-water regions. It is widespread over both the Atlantic and Pacific. The species is represented in the cold North Atlantic by sub- Sp. macroceros. In the cold North Pacific, however, the species is conspicuously absent (see chart 37). An as- sumption of the isolation of the North Pacific based on the above two examples alone would not be very conclu- sive since it would be based on negative evidence in a region not well investigated, namely, the North Pacific. The following example, however, doesnot carry this weak- ness and, taken with the above two, forms a convincing proof of the isolation of that ocean. 12 This example concerns C. pentagonum, a widespread tropical species. Peters (1934) found a cold-water sub- species in the subantarctic waters of the South Atlantic, subsp. robustum, the most southernrepresentative of the genus. He emphasized the remarkable absence of any representative of the species in the cold northern waters of the North Atlantic. The absence of the species in these waters is well established as the region has been thoroughly investigated. The Carnegie investigations in the North Pacific, however, revealed a very divergent subspecies, subsp. pacificum, which was found only in the cold North Pacific region (see p. 20). It attained a high degree of morphological distinctness in the coldest water, although it intergraded with var. tenerum at its southern limits. There can be no doubt that subsp. CERATIUM IN THE PACIFIC AND NORTH ATLANTIC OCEANS pacificum is not found in the Atlantic and, therefore, is peculiar to the cold waters of the North Pacific. These three striking differences in the Ceratium floras of the cold regions of the two oceans indicate that a barrier to at least some of the subpolar species exists between these two water masses. The nature of this barrier, of course, is only a matter for speculation. The hydrography of Bering Strait is very poorly known. Any continuous current in either direction, however, would not permit the development of the floras now ob- taining in the two oceans, providing the species could traverse the Arctic Sea. Whether they can cross this ocean is also unknown. An investigation of the phyto- plankton of the Arctic should throw some light on this problem. THE VERTICAL DISTRIBUTION OF CERATIUM Karsten (1907) first described a special ‘‘shade flora’’ of the ocean. According to him this consists principally of Coscinodiscus, Planctoniella, and Goss- leriella. He thought, however, that the genus Ceratium was represented at different levels by different species or varieties and designated C. gravidum Gourret; C. tripos azoricum Cl. var. breve Ostf., and C. tripos gibberum Gourret as shade species. As Nielsen (1934) states, an inspection of Karsten’s lists does not corrob- orate this idea except in the case of C. gravidum Schroder (1911) listed C. inflexum f. claviceps s (=C. contrarium f. claviceps), C . platycorne, and C. limulus as species which ‘ ‘avoid” the intense continued sunlight of the ‘‘southern waters.’ Jorgensen (1920) made an intensive study of the ver- tical distribution of Ceratium in the Mediterranean. He found that a great number of species which occurred at the surface in the winter, inhabited the deeper levels in the summer. He concluded that the surface summer flo- ra is more or less indigenous to the Mediterranean, whereas the winter species are dependent on a migration from the Atlantic. Paulsen (1930) and Nielsen (1934) challenged this migration theory of Jorgensen, but Bohm (1931) accepted it. Peters (1934) could not establish any vertical distri- bution from the material of the ‘‘Meteor’’ expedition. The Dana collected with closing nets at the following steps: 200 to 100, 100 to 50, and 50 toO meters. From such material it was possible to test the idea of the “layering” of the species of Ceratium. Nielsen (1934), who studied this collection, found that about one-third of the Ceratium species occurring in the southern Pacific Ocean must be designated ‘‘shade forms,’’ whereas the rest of the species inhabit predominantly the upper lay- ers. He found that the density of the plankton affects the vertical distribution of the shade forms. They occur in higher levels in the richer water, presumably because in such regions there is not sufficient light for growth at the lower levels. Nielsen (1934) compared the shade forms of Cera- tium with the shade plants of the tropical rain forest, all of which have their leaf surface increased in some way. The leaves are thin and there is an increase in assimi- lating cells. So in Ceratium the cells are thin and crowd- ed with chromatophores. The cell body (and apical horn) may be expanded and crowded with chromatophores (chloraplasts) as in C. gravidum, or the antapicals may be expanded and rich in chloroplast as in C. platycorne, C. claviger, C. ranipes. Long-horned forms are found among shade forms as well as among surface forms, but the shade forms always have the horns crowded with chromatophores. Of the surface forms there is not a single example of surface expansion. Thus, the usual assumption, that surface expansion in Ceratium is a flotation adaptation, is erroneous. Since the Carnegie plankton collection contains sam- ples collected at 50- and 100-meter depths as well as at the surface, and, since the collection contains practically all the marine species of the genus, it was possible to test the theory of Nielsenin the case of each species. Although the Carnegie collecting nets were open nets, the duration of towing at the particular level was so much greater than the time of hauling in, that the percentage of ‘‘contaminants’’ would necessarily be small. These contaminants, moreover, would be upper-levelforms so that they would not introduce any error into the calcula- tions in the case of deep-water forms. For each species reported in the Carnegie collec- tion, the number of records for each collecting level was computed. Since there were more surface hauls than deeper hauls, these numbers needed to be weighted. Consequently they were computed as percentages of the total number of samples collected at the particular depth. Tables were compiled showing these values, as well as the actual number of records, for the three levels. Since an expression of the relative abundance of the spe- cies at each level is more significant than the mere pos- itive record, the number of records of ‘‘rare,”’ ‘‘occa- sional,’’ etc., and their percentages were computed as well as the total number, and these were included in the tables. Such an analysis of the Carnegie distributional rec- ords showed that twenty of the species were definitely more abundant in the deeper levels and nine were ques- tionably so. All the twenty species showed an increase in frequency from surface to 100 meters. The agree- ment between these species and the species indicated as “shade species’’ by Nielsen is great. There are only three cases of definite disagreement. Nielsen classified C. subrobustum and C. trichoceros as surface species, whereas the Carnegie data definitely THE VERTICAL DISTRIBUTION OF CERATIUM 13 indicate that they are shade species. On the other hand, Nielsen indicated C. hexacanthum as a shade species, whereas the Carnegie data failed to substantiate this. The agreement between the Carnegie and Dana shade species and the ‘‘winter species’’ of Jorgensen (1920) is also great. Only one of Jérgensen’s winter species, C. kofoidii, has not been classified as a shade species by either Nielsen or the present authors. A comparison of Jorgensen’s ‘‘winter species’’ with the shade species of Nielsen and the shade species of the Carnegie is given in table 1. Nielsen (1934) stated that Jorgensen’s (1920) obser- vations indicated that Ceratia are phototropic; the shade species in the winter when the light intensity is low come to the surface and thus are able to maintain a po- sition in optimal light conditions. The authors agree that Jorgensen’s observations in- dicated a phototropic response on the partof the ‘‘winter Ceratia,’’ but do not believe that the vertical migration of Ceratia is a simple light reaction phenomenon. Inthe Carnegie collection the shade species were found most abundantly at 100 meters. Surely the light intensity at this depth even in summer could not be compared with the light intensity at the surface in winter in the Medi- terranean or anywhere else in the world for that matter. It is scarcely logical to assume on the basis of the pres- ent data that the shade species of Ceratia seek a zone of a particular light intensity. Is it not possible that we have to deal here not only with a phototropism but a trophotropism as well? Inthe summer time the upper levels of the sea are depleted of nutrient salts to a depth equal at least to that populated by the phytoplankton. Obviously, the species of phyto- plankton which are the most tolerant of shade would have a decided advantage in the quest for nitrogen and phos- phorus, which occur in the deeper levels in large quanti- ties. Is it not possible that these forms have a positive tropic reaction to nutrient salts or some associated con- dition as well as a phototropic response ? By such a mechanism each species would maintain a position opti- mal for photosynthesis. There is another, and simpler, explanation that may account for the vertical migration of Ceratia. There may be a simple reversal of phototropic response, de- pending on the physiological condition of the organism; in this case on the assimilation of inorganic nutrients or some associated substance. The mechanism would be such that with the assimilation of these substances the organism is positively phototropic, thus remaining near the surface in the winter; but with the diminution of this assimilation the organism becomes negatively phototrop- ic, and thus descends to lower levels of greater nutrient content. It must always be borne in mind that the poverty of nitrogen and phosphorus which land plants everywhere are fighting, is accentuated to a high degree in the ocean. When a land plant dies, its nitrogen and phosphorus are soon returned to the soil to be utilized by other plants. On the other hand, when a planktonic plant dies, it sinks below the growth zone and its nutrient elements are lost, to be returned only after a long period of time except in high latitudes and in certain peculiar regions. This is particularly true of the tropics, where the thermal strat- ification is extreme and continuous. In these regions it is probable that the fertilization of the photic zone is accomplished alone by the nocturnal visits of a sparse zooplankton. It is in such regions as this that the shade species of Ceratium develop. Nielsen (1934) has already observed that the shade species are all warm oceanic; they do not occur in neritic conditions nor in the cold- water southeast of New Zealand. The Carnegie obser - vations show that none of the shade species are cold water species, with the possible exceptions of C. arc- ticum and C. horridum. Of the twenty-nine species def- initely or questionably shade species according to Car- negie data, seventeen are intolerant tropical species, eight are slightly tolerant tropical species, only two are very tolerant tropical species, one is cosmopolitan (C. horridum), and one subpolar (C. arcticum). The data concerning the depth at which C. arcticum lives most abundantly are not conclusive, but they sug- gest that it is a shade species. Ceratium arcticum, a cold-water species, may be a shade species of another type entirely. Shiviroff and Federoff (1938) have found phytoplankton flourishing under the arctic ice cap. They have not yet reported the species found, but probably C. arcticum is one of them as it is characteristic of arctic currents. In the low illumination occurring under the ice it would be expected that only species with a high toler- ance for shade would be found. The nutrients here are rich. These forms, when living in exposed ice-free re- gions, would then have the advantage of the ability to live at greater depths than the species not tolerant of shade, so they would be found at depths equal to that of the trop- ical shade forms. Table 1. Shade species of Ceratium Carnegie Species collection | collection C. praelongum yes yes C. cephalotum x50 yes yes C. gravidum yes yes yes C. digitatum yes Wg yes C. belone yes no ? C. incisum yes no ? C. subrobustum eects no yes C. kofoidii yes no no C. setaceum yes % ? C. geniculatum ? ? ? C. bigelowii 2000 2 B C. euarcuatum yes yes yes C. filicorne Bras yes yes C. symmetricum yes yes yes C. axiale mane yes yes C. aultii Bec Be ? C. azoricum ese no 2, C. arietinum yes yes yes C. lunula yes yes yes C. carnegiei fone ee ? C. paradoxides 3008 yes yes C. platycorne yes yes yes C. ranipes yes yes yes C. trichoceros yes no yes C. vultur seat yes yes C. horridum =900 eeD yes C. tenue yes yes yes C. arcticum aie Sees ? C. longissimum yes yes yes C. hexacanthum a50 yes no C. reflexum yes yes ? indicates either insufficient data or that the results were not conclusive. Pavillardii. olle andclaviger. 14 CERATIUM IN THE PACIFIC AND NORTH ATLANTIC OCEANS THE CERATIUM SPECIES OF THE CARNEGIE COLLECTION Systematic List I. Subgenus POROCERATIUM 1. C. praelongum (Lemmermann) Kofoid 2. C. cephalotum (Lemmermann) Jorgensen 3. C. gravidum Gourret II. Subgenus BICERATIUM 4. C. digitatum Schiitt 5. C. candelabrum (Ehrenberg) Stein 6. C. furca (Ehrenberg) Dujardin 7. C. belone Cleve 8. C. incisum (Karsten) Jorgensen 9. C. pentagonum Gourret subsp. tenerum Jérgensen subsp. pacificum n. subsp. 10. C. subrobustum (Jorgensen) Nielsen 11. C. teres Kofoid 12. C. kofoidii Jorgensen 13. C. bohmii n. sp. 14. C. lineatum (Ehrenberg) Cleve 15. C. setaceum Jorgensen III. Subgenus AMPHICERATIUM 16 . C. geniculatum (Lemmermann) Cleve . bigelowii Kofoid . inflatum (Kofoid) Jorgensen . longirostrum Gourret . falcatum (Kofoid) Jorgensen . extensum (Gourret) Cleve . fusus (Ehrenberg) Dujardin (olelelelele) IV. Subgenus EUCERATIUM 23. C. tripos (O. F. Miller) Nitzsch olonelelelelole) subsp. atlanticum Ostenfeld subsp. semipulchellum Jérgensen 4. C. pulchellum Schréder . humile Jorgensen . euarcuatum Jorgensen . filicorne Nielsen . C. symmetricum Pavillard var. symmetricum (Pavillard) var. coarctatum (Pavillard) var. orthoceros Jorgensen . C. axiale Kofoid . C. aultii n. sp. . C. azoricum Cleve . C. petersii Nielsen . C. arietinum Cleve subsp. arietinum (Cleve) subsp. bucephalum (Cleve) subsp. gracilentum (Jorgensen) . C. declinatum Karsten . C. gibberum Gourret f. subaequale Jorgensen . C. concilians Jorgensen var. subaequale n. var. - lunula Schimper . Carnegiei n. sp. . contortum Cleve . limulus Gourret . paradoxides Cleve . platycorne Daday . ranipes Cleve . macroceros (Ehrenberg) Vanhéffen subsp. macroceros (Ehrenberg) subsp. gallicum (Kofoid) C. massiliense (Gourret) Jorgensen . C. deflexum (Kofoid) Jorgensen . C. carriense Gourret . C. contrarium (Gourret) Pavillard . C. trichoceros (Ehrenberg) Kofoid ( C. breve (Ostenfeld and Schmidt) Schroder . C. compressum Gran Cc Cc 52. C. vultur Cleve var. vultur (Cleve) var. japonicum (Schréder) var. sumatranum ersten) var. pavillardii (Jorgensen var. regulare n. var. var. reversum n. var. var. recurvum Jorgensen 53. C. horridum Gran var. horridum (Gran) var. molle (Kofoid) var. claviger (Kofoid) 54. C. tenue Ostenfeld and Schmidt var. inclinatum (Kofoid) Jorgensen var. tenuissimum ee Jorgensen 55. C. longissimum (Schréder) Kofoid 56. C. arcticum (Ehrenberg) Cleve var. arcticum (Ehrenberg) Cleve var. longipes (Bailey) Gran var. ventricosum Ostenfeld 57. C. hexacanthum Gourret 58. C. reflexum Cleve Subgenus POROCERATIUM 1. Ceratium praelongum (Lemmermann) Kofoid Figure 1, chart 1, appendix table 1 A rare, strictly tropical species, confined to sta- tions where the surface temperature was over 20° C. Found in the Gulf Stream to where the surface tempera- ture dropped to 20°5 (station 15); also sporadically in the Sargasso and Caribbean seas. Peters (1934) did not find it farther south than 25° south latitude in the South Atlantic. At Carnegie stations it was found as far north as 38°5 north (station 15). In the Pacific Nielsen (1934) reported it at various stations in the South Equatorial Current. Okamura (1912) found it at Japan, but it was not reported from the Pacific by B6hm (1931). In the southeastern Pacific, in the Carnegie collections, it was found at one station in the Humboldt Current (station 69), at two stations south of Easter Island, and at eight scattered stations in the South Equatorial Current. It was found continuously in the two series of stations across the equatorial currents in the central and western Pacific; at one station between Guam and Japan, at two stations off Japan, and at one sta- tion off California. It was not found farther north than latitude 35° north in the North Pacific, nor farther south than 32° south in the South Pacific. It was notably ab- sent from the loop of stations northeast of Hawaii and in the Galapagos-Panama region. Ceratium praelongum was never found in greatnum- bers. In the Carnegie collection it was found only at forty stations--seven in the Atlantic and thirty-three in the Pacific. There were sixty-seven records of occurrence, fifty-one of which were rare and sixteen occasional. Forty-nine of the records were from net samples, eight- een from pump samples. Ceratium praelongum is a shade species according to Nielsen (1934). In the Carnegie collection it was found more frequently at 50 meters than at the surface or 100 meters, and more often at 100 meters than at the surface (table 2). Thus, the Carnegie data tend to substantiate Nielsen’s classification of this species as a shade form. CERATIUM SPECIES OF Table 2. Records of occurrence of C. praelongum at three levels Depth in meters Rare 12 3.1 28 9.9 11 4.3 Occasional 5 ies) 6 2.1 5 2.0 Total A, 4.4 34 12508 2 a16 6.3 A=Number of records. B=Per cent of total number of samples collected at that depth. Although C. praelongum was limited to warm water it did not show any preference for oligotrophic water. Only sixteen of the sixty-seven records were in water containing less than 10 mg PO4/m3. The surface tem- peratures at the stations where it occurred, variedfrom 20°4 to 29°4 C. The ranges of environmental conditions in situ were: temperature, 14°2 to 29°4 C; salinity, 33.4 to 37.1 per mille; pH, 7.87 to 8.47; phosphate, 2 to 63 mg PO4/m3. Remarks.--Dissections were made of the plates of C. praelongum. The pattern is shown in ventral and left lateral views infigures 1A and B. It will be noted that in this species two apical plates touch the ventral area, whereas Jorgensen (1911) stated that in the subgenus Poroceratium only the large flat ventral apical touches the ventral area. Kofoid (1907b) devised anomenclature for the plates of Ceratium. For Poroceratium he start- ed numbering the apical plates with the wide ventral one, basing his system on the pattern of C. gravidum in which this plate is the only one to touch the ventral area. Thus he called this one the apical plate. Jorgensen (1911), on the other hand, called it apical four. A knowledge of the pattern of C. praelongum, a member of Porocera- tium, shows that Jorgensen’s system is preferable in that it indicates homologies. The suture in C. praelon- gum, which separates the ventral and left apical plates, is homologous with the ventral suture of C. tripos, which separates the first and fourth apicals, so that the ventral plate of Poroceratium is homologous with the fourth of C. tripos and should be designated apical 4 as in Jorgensen’s system. Ceratium praelongum, in its epithecal plate pattern, is thus transitional between other members of Poroceratium and Euceratium. Variation.--There is considerable variation in the shape of the body of C. praelongum but the variants seemed to bear no relation to geographic location or en- vironmental conditions. The forebody may be constrict- ed just anterior to the girdle as in figure 1A, or in the middle region (fig. 1C), or may be quite regular as in figure 1D. The last figure shows an individual with very heavy hypothecal walls and thick antapical horns. None of the variations found could be satisfactorily grouped into varieties. 2. Ceratium cephalotum (Lemmermann) Jorgensen Figure 2, chart 2, appendix table 2 This is a rare, intolerant tropical species. Jorgen- sen (1911) stated that it has been reported from the North Atlantic only north of the West Indies; Peters (1934) found it only at one station in the South Atlantic. In the Carnegie collection it was found in the Atlantic at CARNEGIE COLLECTION 15 two stations between the North Atlantic Drift and the Sargasso Sea at 100 meters in both cases. The species is never found in great numbers. In the Carnegie collection it was found at a total of thirty- two stations; two in the Atlantic, thirty in the Pacific. There were thirty-nine records of occurrence--thirty- . Six rare and three occasional. Thirty-six of the records were from the net samples; three from the pump sam- ples. Ceratium cephalotum is a shade species according to Nielsen (1934), and this classification is substantiated by the Carnegie data as shown in table 3. It was found in an increasing percentage of the samples with increase in depth. Although Nielsen found it only in the samples taken between 100 to 50 meters, in the Carnegie collec- tion it was found almost as frequently at the surface as at 50 meters. Table 3. Records of occurrence of C. cephalotum at three levels Depth in meters Rare 12 3.2 9 3.2 15 5.9 Occasional 1 0.2 2 0.7 0 cone Total 13 3.4 11 Keer lb) 5.9 A=Number of records. B=Per cent of total number of samples collected at that depth. The Carnegie data suggest that this species prefers oligotrophic water. It is always found in warm water. The surface temperatures of the water at the stations where it was found varied from 23°6 to 29°4C. Twenty- four of the thirty-nine records were in water containing less than 10 mg PO4/m3. It is particularly noteworthy in this connection that the species was found in a contin- uous series of stations north and east of Hawaii and all are included in the great ‘‘desert’’ of the North Pacific. Peters’ (1934) record for the South Atlantic was also in oligotrophic water. The ranges of environmental condi- tions in situ were: temperature, 13°8 to 28°7C; salinity, 34.1 to 36.5 per mille; pH, 8.17 to 8.47; phosphate, 4 to 36 mg PO4/m3. Ceratium cephalotum is not very variable. Some- times the overgrowthof the right side is less pronounced (fig. 2B). 3. Ceratium gravidum Gourret Figures 3 and 4, chart 3, appendix table 3 This is a relatively rare, but widespread, slightly tolerant tropical species found at most of the Carnegie tropical stations. Peters (1934) found it only in warm oligotrophic water in the South Atlantic. In the Carnegie collection it was found at most (seventeen) of the twenty- three stations in the warm Atlantic region. It was not found at any Atlantic station where the surface tempera- ture was less than 20° C. All the Atlantic stations were in oligotrophic water with phosphate content less than 10 mg at the surface, except at station 1 where it was thirty- two. The temperature there, however, was 24°. In the Pacific Nielsen (1934) found C. gravidum in both eutrophic and oligotrophic water at scattered stations 16 CERATIUM IN THE PACIFIC AND NORTH ATLANTIC OCEANS in the South Pacific. In the Carnegie collection it was pretty well scattered throughout the tropical waters of the Pacific, occurring at seventy-five stations and sometimes in water of somewhat lower temperature than that of the Atlantic. Off Japan it occurred to 40°5 north, surface temperature 15°9 C (station 117). Off California it occurred to 34° north, surface tempera- ture 19°1 C (station 31). In the southeastern Pacific it occurred south of Easter Island to 34° south, surface temperature 19° C (station 57). In the extreme south- eastern Pacific it was not common, occurring at only four stations east of the line of stations in the longitude of Easter Island. Although widespread, this species is never very abundant. There were 182 records of occurrence, 144 of which were rare and 38 occasional. Of these records, 164 were from the net samples and 18 from the pump samples. Ceratium gravidum was classified as a shade spe- cies by Nielsen (1934). In oligotrophic water he found that it had its main distribution in the levels from 200 to 100 meters, although he found it in the upper levels in eutrophic water. The Carnegie data substantiate this classification of Nielsen. The total number of records (in percentage) at 50 meters is more than three times that at the surface; the number of 100-meter records shows an increase over that for 50 meters (see table 4). This distribution is shown alsobythe rare and occasion- al records separately. Thus, C. gravidum is a decided shade species. Table 4. Records of occurrence of C. gravidum at three levels Depth in meters Rare 27 teat! 5852055) 59 23.0 Cccasional 3 0.8 14 Se Aah 8.3 Total 30 8.5 72 24a Oo 3153 A=Number of records. B=Per cent of total number of samples collected at that depth. In the Carnegie collection as a whole, C. gravidum seemed to be found in both oligotrophic and eutrophic water. Sixty-one of the 182 records of occurrence were in water containing less than 10 mg PO4/m3. The sur- face temperatures at the stations where it occurred, varied from 15.9 to 29°5C. The ranges of environmen- tal conditions in situ were: temperature, 10°6 to 29°83 C; salinity, 33.4 to 37.0 per mille; pH, 7.76 to 8.44; phos- phate, 2 to 153 mg PO4/m3, Variation.--Ceratium gravidum is a variable spe- cies. Jorgensen (1911) divided it into three varieties and later (1920) described a fourth variety. These have been more or less accepted by later workers (Nielsen, 1934 and Peters, 1934), although apparently no one hitherto has had sufficient material to test the validity of these varieties. Inthe Carnegie studies hundreds of specimens were examined, and it was evident that no taxonomic grouping could be made of the wide variations in body form found in this species. Representative specimens are shown in figures 3 and 4. Each of these drawings is representative of a group of individuals éxamined and other variations between these were found. Thus, there is a complete intergradation between the wide rotund form shown in figure 3A (which is even wider than Jér- gensen’s var. latum) and the narrow form shown in fig- ure 4U (which, in turn, is narrower than Jérgensen’s var. angustum). The characteristics of the antapical horns such as length, thickness, curvature, and diver- gence (which have also been used in differentiating the varieties) also vary in such a manner that no varietal segregations are indicated. An attempt was made to correlate the variations of C. gravidum with geographic location, or with different water masses. No correlation was found; the different variations were indiscriminately scattered throughout the areas investigated. Peters (1934) found the different varieties in the same regions of the South Atlantic. Nielsen (1934) found var. latum to be restricted to the eutrophic water of the eastern part of the South Equatorial Current, whereas var. elegans and angustum were found there as well as in the oligo- trophic western part andin the East Australian Current. Nielsen’s results are not corroborated by the Carnegie collections. In the latter, specimens as wide or wider than var. latum were, indeed, found in the eutrophic water in the region of the Galapagos Islands, but they also occurred in the oligotrophic water of the central part of the North Equatorial Current. Subgenus BICERATIUM 4. Ceratium digitatum Schitt Figure 5, chart 4, appendix table 4 This is a rare intolerant tropical species, one of the most rare of the Carnegie collection. It is apparent- ly restricted to warm water as it never approached the 20° surface isotherm except in the region of Easter Is- land. It is also remarkable that it was never found near large land masses, although Jorgensen (1920) found it in the Mediterranean. Peters (1934) found it at only four stations in the South Atlantic in his ‘‘main distribution region’”’ of warm oligotrophic water. On the Carnegie cruise it was found only at two stations in the Atlantic, in the North Equatorial Current. Nielsen (1934) is the only previous author to report C. digitatum from the Pacific. He found it at three wide- ly separated stations in the South Equatorial Current. Ih the Carnegie collection it was found at twenty-three widely separated stations, from Easter Island to Guam and to a point midway between Hawaii and California. The most northern station is 33°5 north; the most south- ern, 31°5 south. On the German South Polar expedition C. digitatum was found to 31° south. This seemed extra- ordinary to Peters (1934) whodid not find it farther south than 20° south on the Meteor expedition. He explained the fact by stating that it was probably carried south in the Agulhas Current. The Carnegie southern records in the southeastern Pacific may thus be explained by a drift from the northeast, in the large vortex characteristic of that region. The absence of this species off Japan, how- ever, where it should be carried by the extension of the North Equatorial and Japan currents, andin the North At- lantic Drift, are noteworthy and can only be explained on the assumption that the species is so rare that its detec- tion anywhere in the ocean must be considered fortuitous. Its limits of distribution, thus, will not be well defined until much more survey work has been done. Ceratium digitatum is always found singly or in small CERATIUM SPECIES OF numbers. In the Carnegie collection there were twenty- six records of its occurrence--all rare. Eighteen of these records were from net samples, eight from pump samples. This species is undoubtedly a shade species, al- though previously insufficient data have been‘at hand to demonstrate this. Joérgensen (1920) found it in the Med- iterranean at the deeper levels in the summer but attri- buted this occurrence to another cause (see p. 12). Nielsen (1934) considered it a shade species, although tis few data were from above the 50-meter level. Since two of his three records for this species were from sta- tions rich in plankton, however, the occurrence above this level does not necessarily indicate that it is not a shade species. The Carnegie records substantiate Niel- sen’s classification of this species as a shade species. It was found more frequently with increase in depth (table 5). Table 5. Records of occurrence of C. digitatum at three levels Depth in meters Rare 6 Total 6 1125) 8 12 A=Number of records. B=Per cent of total number of samples collected at that depth. 2.1 It is doubtful if C. digitatum prefers oligotrophic water. Ten of the twenty-six Carnegie records were from water containing less than 10 mg PO4/m3. This is not owing to the fact that most of the records are subsurface records. The phosphate content of the sur- face water at the stations where the species was found shows the same distribution. Ten of these are below 10 mg and the rest above, with some as high as 42. The surface temperatures at the stations where C. digitatum occurred, varied from 22°4 to 29°4 C. The ranges of environmental conditions in situ were as follows: tem- perature, 12°5 to 28°5 C; salinity, 34.3 to 36.5 per mille; pH, 8.16 to 3.39; phosphate, 3 to 46 mg PO4/m®. Variation.--Very few variations have been reported for this species, probably owing to scanty material. Jorgensen (1920), however, described a variant, var. rotundatum, found in the Mediterranean and also in the Guinea Current. It is characterized by more rounded apex, less bent apical horn, and somewhat larger size. Peters (1934) stated that in the South Atlantic he found specimens with more rounded epitheca than Jorgensen’s variety. In the Carnegie collection two specimens were found which answer well to Jorgensen’s var. rotundatum. They occurred in the surface samples from stations 52 and 54, both south of Easter Island in temperatures of 22°5 and 23°4C (figs. 5A and B). It is probable that this form represents a species distinct from C. digitatum as no intergrades were found between it and the typical form. The typical C. digitatum does not vary greatly, although the length of the left antapical horn varies somewhat in different specimens (figs. 4C and E). CARNEGIE COLLECTION 17 5. Ceratium candelabrum (Ehrenberg) Stein Figure 6, chart 5, appendix table 5 This is a common, slightly tolerant tropical species. It is not confined to warm water. At Carnegie stations the limits of distribution paralleled rather closely the surface isotherm of 15° C in all three regions where the lines of stations extended into colder regions, namely, in the southeastern Pacific, off Japan, and off the west coast of the Americas. These limits of distribution are very significant, inasmuch as within these limits there are extremely few stations without records of occur- rence. At six stations off Peru it was not found, although the surface temperatures there were above 19° C. Ap- parently the peculiar environmental conditions in this region have an inhibitory effect on C. candelabrum. In the Atlantic the species occurred almost continuously in the warmer water, but its northern limit there coincided with the surface isotherm of 20° C rather than of 15° as in the Pacific. In respect to latitude, C. candelabrum was found approximately to 40° south and 40° north in the Pacific, and to 42° north in the Atlantic. Its south- ern limit in the South Atlantic is also at about 40° south (Peters, 1934). Some of the stations of the Dana expedi- tion extend, in the southwestern Pacific, beyond 40° south. The southern records of C. candelabrum, however, end at the fortieth parallel. This rounds out a remarkable correlation between latitude and the distribution of a Ceratium. It must be mentioned, however, that in the southwestern Pacific, as well as in other parts of the Pacific, the latitudes of 40° are closely paralleled by the surface isotherms of 15° C. This species is one of the most common of the genus. In the Carnegie collection it was found at 136 stations-- 26 in the Atlantic and 110 in the Pacific. There were 353 records of occurrence--206 rare, 128 occasional, and 19 common. Of these, 243 were from net samples and 110 from pump samples. In regard to vertical distribution, Neilsen (1934) classified this species as a surface form. This classifi- cation is substantiated by the Carnegie observations. As can be seen in table 6, C. candelabrum was found most frequently at 50 meters (44.2 per cent of the 50-meter samples). It was found almost as often (36.0 per cent of the surface samples) at the surface, but only half as fre- quently at 100 meters (21.0 per cent). It is more signifi- cant that the records of occasional and common occurred much more frequently at the surface and 50 meters than at 100 meters. Table 6. Records of occurrence of C. candelabrum at three levels Depth in meters B 18.4 81 28.4 0.0 Occasional 57 13.4 42 1422" 29 0.8 Common 8 orl 5 et 6 0.2 Total 140 33.9 128 44.3 85 21.0 A=Number of records. B=Per cent of total number of samples collected at that depth. 18 CERATIUM IN THE PACIFIC AND NORTH ATLANTIC OCEANS Ceratium candelabrum was found throughout the warm-water regions without respect to the nutrient con- tent of the water. Thus, 117 of the 353 records of oc- currence were in water containing less than 10 mg PO4/m3. The range of surface temperatures at the sta- tions where it occurred was from 15°9 to 29°5C. The ranges of environmental conditions in situ were: tem- perature, 8/8 to 29°5 C; salinity, 30.0 to 37.1 per mille; pH, 7.76 to 8.47; phosphate, 3 to 189 mg PO4/m3. Variation.--Several varieties of C. candelabrum have been described, the most important of which are var. depressum Jérgensen (1920) and f. commune Bohm (1931). Nielsen (1934) distinguished these two Variations and stated that both are found in the western part of the Pacific investigated by him but only var. depressum was found in the eastern Pacific. The writers are inclined to agree with Peters (1934) that the variations in this species are too continuous for any separation of varie- ties, although it must be stated that most of the Carnegie material resembled the var. depressum form. Figure 6 shows a series of specimens with variously bent horns, both apical and antapical, and with various lengths of horns. 6. Ceratium furca (Ehrenberg) Dujardin Figure 7, chart 6, appendix table 6 Ceratium furca is an interesting cosmopolitan spe- cies probably composed of many subspecies or races. Jorgensen (1911) designated two subspecies; a northern form, subsp. a berghii and a tropical form, 8 eugram- mum. Ceratium hircus Schréder, which J6rgensen ac- cepted as an independent species, is probably also a va- riety of C. furca. In his study of Mediterranean Ceratia, Jorgensen (1920) designated many more varieties. Bohm (1931) attempted to show that in his material from the western Pacific there were two genotypes, both belonging to the tropical subspecies eugrammum. These were sep- arated on the basis of total length; a short variety with length from 130 to 168 microns, and a large varietyfrom 170 to 244 microns. Nielsen (1934) did not consider Bohm’s evidence conclusive, and made a statistical study of length in his material from the South Pacific. In only one sample did he find a separation into two groups on this basis. In other samples long ones or short ones were represented, and often medium-sized ones. Never- theless Nielsen considered that two races were repre- sented. As a result of the study of the Carnegie material the writers tend toward Jérgensen’s (1920) opinion, that the species is a complex of many varieties and races, not of two. No separation could be made on the basis of size alone. No attempt was made to separate the different variants. The number is great and the intergradations common. In figure 6 several variants are shown. The distribution of C. furca is of particular interest. Peters (1934), in his study of the Ceratia of the Meteor expedition in the South Atlantic, concluded that C. furca is a typically neritic species. It was found abundantly in the mouths of great rivers and in regions of upwelling. It seemed to avoid the middle regions of the oceans. Niel- son (1934) accepted this classification of the species and stated that it is distinctly a neritic form, although also found at many oceanic stations. He found it at every sta- tion but two between Panama and Tahiti, and at various stations between that point and Australia. He stated that its occurrence at these oceanic stations can be explained by the disturbed water about the islands in the western Pacific and by the eutrophic water occurrence in the eastern part of the South Equatorial Current. Such a broad use of the term ‘‘neritic,’’ however, leaves no room for the term oceanic so such usage cannot be ac- cepted. Nielsen’s data show, on the other hand, that C. furca is oceanic as well as neritic. In the Carnegie col- lection the species did show a tendency to occur more frequently and more abundantly in richer water but, nevertheless, was often found in oligotrophic water. Only 40 of the 231 records of occurrence were in water containing less than 10 mg PO4/m”. In the Carnegie collection there is no indication of an avoidance of oceanic water or of the middle regions of the open oceans on the part of C. furca. Not only are there many station records for the open North Atlantic and the Pacific, but there are as many records of occa- sional and common for stations remote from land as for stations close to land (see chart 6). In the Atlantic there were two distributional areas, probably representing the distributions of the two sub- species; a northern one from stations 6 to lla (from southwest of Ireland around the North Sea and Iceland to southeast of Greenland), and a tropical region from sta- tions 14 to 24 (straight down through the middle of the Atlantic). There was also one station in the Caribbean. In the Pacific, also, the distribution was interrupted. The species was found quite regularly in the southeast- ern Pacific, but was scattered irregularly over the other tropical regions of the Pacific. It was notably absent from the northern line of stations from stations 118 to 128 inclusive. No northern form was found in thisocean. The surface temperatures in this “‘C. furca-free”’ water in the northern Pacific varied from 7. 2 to 16°4C. This should not have constituted a barrier to this species as it was found in the Atlantic where the surface temper- atures were as low as 8°9. The tropical subspecies was confined to warm water in the Atlantic (surface temper- atures 21°2 to 28°0 C), but in the Pacific it extended into somewhat cooler water (surface temperatures from 15:0 to 29°4 C). Obviously the northern subspecies of the Atlantic was not found in the Pacific. Ceratium furca is frequently found in quantities. Records of ‘‘abundant’’ were from the North Sea, south- eastern Pacific, and southeast of Japan. The species was found at 91 Carnegie stations--19 in the Atlantic and 72 in the Pacific. There were 232 records of occurrence, with 140 rare, 65 occasional, 22 common, and 4 abundant. Nielsen (1934) classified C. furca as a surface form. The Carnegie data show that it is truly not a shade form, Table 7. Records of occurrence of C. furca at three levels Depth in meters Rare GSP VT 42 1479 330 11.8 Occasional 36 9.5 14 ET i bis 5.9 Common 14 3.6 3 6 5 1.8 Abundant 4 1.4 On saree: Oreerars Total 122) sare 59 21.4 50 1y.5 A=Number of records. B=Per cent of total number of samples collected at that depth. = CERATIUM SPECIES OF but is found at depths below the surface in a great many cases. The table of frequencies (table 7), however, shows that it was found most frequently at the surface. This is particularly true of the records of ‘‘common’’ and ‘‘abundant.’’ The ranges of environmental conditions in situ were as follows: temperature, 6°6 to 29°4 C; salinity, 33.1 to 37.0 per mille; pH, 7.63 to 8.47; phosphate, 3 to 233 mg PO4/m3. 7. Ceratium belone Cleve Figure 8, chart 7, appendix table 7 This is a rare, intolerant tropical species confined to water of high temperature. Peters (1934) found the species in the South Atlantic not beyond 30° south. Niel- sen (1934) found it in the Pacific scattered over the en- tire region of the South Equatorial Current. In the Carnegie collection C. belone was found at twenty-six stations; two in the Atlantic and twenty-four in the Pacific. The Atlantic records were in the middle North Atlantic where the surface temperatures were about 24° C (station 1b) and 27°0 C (station 18). The most northern of these was at 38° north latitude. In the Pacific C. belone was found at one station off Peru, at eleven stations around and north of Easter Is- land, at seven stations east and north of Samoa, at one station in the North Equatorial Current, and at three stations in the central North Pacific (chart 7). Its lati- tudinal limits were 33°5 north and 32/0 south, which is a rather limited distribution for a species of Ceratium. It is a curious and unexplainable fact that the species was not found west of 179° west longitude. The surface temperatures at the Pacific record stations varied from 20°4 to 29°4 C. It must, therefore, be considered a stenothermal species. Although it always occurred in water of high temperature, it was seldom found in water ef extremely low phosphate content. Only six of the fifty- one records of occurrence were from water containing less than 10 mg PO4/m3. The ranges of environmental conditions in situ were: temperature, 16°0 to 29°4 C; salinity, 34.1 to 37.0 per mille; pH, 8.11 to 8.47; phosphate, 5 to 48 mg PO4/m3. Nielsen’s (1934) classification of C. belone asasur- face species is substantiated by the Carnegie data (table 8), although there were two records of ‘‘occasional”’ at 100 meters. The total percentages, however, show a much more frequent occurrence at the surface than atthe lower levels. The occurrence of C. belone is sporadic. Unlike some of the rarer tropical species, when it does occur, it is sometimes found in considerable numbers. Peters (1934) found this to be true in the South Atlantic. Like- wise in the Carnegie collection there were several rec- ords of “‘occasional.’’ The total number of records was fifty-one, of which forty-four were rare and seven were occasional. Variation.--Ceratium belone is rather constant in shape and size, except for the divergence of the antapi- cal horns and the length of the apical horn. There is an extreme variation in the total length of the specimens (from 335 to 910 microns), but this difference is owing entirely to the difference in the length of the apical horn. The length of the hypotheca is constant. In only one specimen (fig. 8H) was this elongate. The diameter, d, varied from 20 to 30 microns. CARNEGIE COLLECTION 19 Table 8. Records of occurrence of C. belone Cleve at three levels Depth in meters Rare 23 6.0 10 3.5 11 4.3 Occasional 4 1.0 1 0.4 2 0.8 Total 27 7.0 11 3.9 13 5.1 A=Number of records. B=Per cent of total number of samples collected at that depth. 8. Ceratium incisum (Karsten) Jorgensen Figure 9, chart 8, appendix table 8 This is a rare, strictly tropical species with limited distribution. Peters (1934) found it at only four stations in the South Atlantic, and Nielsen (1934) found it at scat- tered stations in the South Equatorial Current of the Pa- cific. In the Carnegie collection it occurred at twenty- seven stations--two in the Atlantic and twenty-five inthe Pacific. There were thirty records of occurrence, all rare. Twenty-two of these were from net samples and eight were from pump samples. Of the two Atlantic stations, one was in the open At- lantic at latitude 36°5 north, longitude 46°5 west (station 16); the other was in the Caribbean Sea. In the Pacific the stations were scattered: one off Ecuador, six north of Easter Island at about latitude 10° south, twelve be- tween Samoa and Guam, four in the central crossing of the equatorial regions, and two north of Hawaii. It was very restricted in its latitudinal distribution and was ab- sent from the southeastern Pacific region except at one station off Ecuador. Its latitudinal limits in the Pacific were 29° north and 15° south. In the Atlantic it occurred to 36°5 north. Ceratium incisum is a stenothermal form similar to C. belone. The surface temperatures at stations at which it occurred in the Atlantic were 25°9 and 28°5 C. In the Pacific the range was 24°6 to 29°5 C. The rangesof en- vironmental conditions in situ were: temperature, 14°2 to 29°3 C; salinity, 33.7 to 36.3 per mille; pH, 7.87 to 8.39; phosphate, 4 to 48 mg PO4/m3. Apparently C. incisum is at home in oligotrophic water. Ten of the thirty records of occurrence were in water containing less than 10 mg PO4/m3. Nielsen (1934) classified this species as a surface species. In the Carnegie collection it was found about equally at the three levels (table 9). Table 9. Records of occurrence of C. incisum at three levels Depth in meters 2.9 9 3.2 10° 359 A=Number of records. B=Per cent of total number of samples collected at that depth. 20 CERATIUM IN THE PACIFIC AND NORTH ATLANTIC OCEANS 9. Ceratium pentagonum Gourret Figures 10C, D, H-N, chart $, appendix table 9 This is a cosmopolitan species composed of three subspecies: a widespread tropical form, subsp. tenerum (Jorgensen); a subantarctic form, subsp. robustum (Cleve); and a northern Pacific form, subsp. pacificum n. subsp. The authors agree with Nielsen (1934) that Jorgensen’s var. subrobustum is specifically distinct (see below). Subspecies tenerum is a widespread tropical form somewhat more common than C. subrobustum, but with a similar distribution except that it seems to be some- what more tolerant of colder water. It was found at eighty-one stations--fifteen in the Atlantic and sixty- eight in the Pacific. There were 189 records of occur- rence: 152 rare, 34 occasional, and 1 common. Of these records, 73 were from net samples, 114 from pump samples. Expressed in percentages these are: 13.6 per cent of net samples, and 31.8 per cent of pump samples. It is thus evident that the tropical form of C. pentagonum is too small to be properly collected in the tow nets. The subspecies was found in the Atlantic mostly in the central line of stations; it was absent from the warmer part of the Gulf Stream and Caribbean Sea. In the Pacific its distribution is somewhat irregular, but the records are probably incomplete there, owing to the fact that the distinctness of C. subrobustum was not re- alized at the time of the routine census of the samples, so some of its records probably belong to C. pentagonum. Ceratium pentagonum, however, extended beyond the range of C. subrobustum in the southeastern Pacific and off California. The surface temperatures at the stations at which subsp. tenerum occurred, varied from 15:0 to 29°3 C. The ranges of environmental conditions in situ were: temperature, 13°1 to 29°3 C; salinity, 33.4 to 37.0 per mille; pH, 7.76 to 8.47; phosphate, 3 to 233 mgPO4/m3. Nielsen (1934) listed C. pentagonum as a surface species. In the Carnegie collection it was found less frequently at 100 meters than at the surface and 50- meter depths, and slightly more freyuently at 50 meters than at the surface. Thus it cannot be classed as a shade species. Ceratium subrobustum, on the other hand, is definitely a shade species, with its greatestfre- quency at 100 meters (cf. tables 10 and 11). Table 10. Records of occurrence of C. pentagonum subsp. tenerum at three levels Depth in meters B Rare 56 14.5 56 19.1 40 15.3 Occasional 18 4.6 11 4.0 5 1.6 Common 1 0.2 (QO) eee (Qe. naaaae Total 75 19:3 67 aocle 45 16.9 A=Number of records. B=Per cent of total number of samples collected at that depth. Ceratium pentagonum is a remarkable species, in that it has never been collected from the cold northern Atlantic although it is represented in the subantarctic by a cold-water subspecies. In the Carnegie collection the distribution of the species in the North Atlantic terminated under 45° north latitude (station 13a), which is somewhat farther north than previous authors had found it. The surface temperature there, however, was above 20° C. It apparently cannot endure transfer into temperatures much below this value. The conspicuous absence of C. pentagonum in the northern Atlantic was particularly noted by Peters (1934) who mapped the distribution of subsp. robustum in the subantarctic waters of the South Atlantic. Peters em- phasized the unequal distribution in which the species is represented in the southern cold water by the most south- erly member of the genus, but is entirely absent in the cold waters of the North Atlantic. Subspecies robustum doubtless populates the entire subantarctic region as there are no barriers in this region. Thus, it probably occurs in the southern latitudes of the Pacific. Peters did not find it in the Atlantic north of about 48°, however, except where it was displaced along the South American coast by the Falkland Current to about 32° south. This subspecies was not found in the Carnegie collection prob- ably because the stations were not far enough south. The most southern station (station 60) was at about 40° south. It is probable that the subspecies is displaced northward in the Humboldt Current to 30° or so, but in these latitudes the Carnegie stations were too far from the coast to detect it. In view of this knowledge it was of particular inter- est to search for this species in the cold waters of the North Pacific. The investigations here revealed the presence of a cold-water subspecies peculiar to this re- gion, subsp. pacificum n. subsp. A series of forms was found south of the Aleutian Islands and they have been grouped together under this subspecies. The extreme form (fig. 101) is remarkably different from the other subspecies of C. pentagonum. It is large (transdiameter 78 microns), with heavy walls covered with thick ridges and lists, and the antapical horns are long (equal to the transdiameter or longer). All the forms in this cold-water region, however, do not conform to this description, and in the west grade into the southern form (see figs,10C and J). Another varia- tion is shown in figure 10D. These intergrades indicate that the extreme form is of subspecific rank only. With the finding of this subspecies it was evident that in the case of C. pentagonum there is a bipolarity in the Pacific with subsp. robustum in the antarctic and subsp. pacificum in the north, whereas in the Atlantic only the southern form is represented. This distribution consti- tutes the most convincing evidence of the planktological isolation of the North Pacific waters (see p. 11). Subspecies pacificum was found at seven stations and in seventeen samples (chart 9). The surface tem- peratures of the stations where it occurred, variedfrom 7°2 to 10°5 C. The ranges of environmental conditions in situ were: temperature, 4°2 to 10°5 C; salinity, 32.7 to 32.9 per mille; pH, 7.98 to 8.03; phosphate, 103 to 175 mg PO4/m3. 10. Ceratium subrobustum (Jérgensen) Nielsen Figures 10A, B, E-G, chart 10, appendix table 10 This is a rare, intolerant tropical species. Peters (1934) found this form in the South Atlantic only in the Falkland Current and for that reason considered it a subspecies, raising it from the varietal rank given by Jorgensen (1920). Nielsen (1934) found it in the Pacific CERATIUM SPECIES OF CARNEGIE COLLECTION ‘ 21 in the eastern part of the South Equatorial Current and at Australia, but not at the colder stations. He raised it to the rank of an independent species, and separated it from C. pentagonum on the basis of size of body and thickness of walls. He gave the transdiameter of C. subrobustum as 77 to 89 microns, and that of C. penta- gonum up to 72 microns. In the Carnegie material the transdiameter of C. robustum varied from 72 to 90 mi- crons; those of C. pentagonum (excluding subsp. pacificum n. subsp.) were from 38 to 66 microns. The transdiam- eter of subsp. pacificum was 55 to 78 microns. Ceratium subrobustum is probably rarer than C. pentagonum but, nevertheless, it is much more wide- spread than previously was supposed. In the Carnegie collection it occurred at forty-five stations--two in the North Atlantic, where it had not been found before, and forty-three in the Pacific. There were eighty-one rec- ords of occurrence: sixty-three rare, fifteen occasion- al, and three common. Of these records, fifty werefrom net samples, and thirty-one were from pump samples. Unfortunately, when the routine examination of this spe- cies was conducted, the independence of this species was not realized, so the records of its occurrence are not complete. For this reason, the peculiar clumping of the stations in the Pacific must be considered artificial and not representing exactly the actual distribution. It may be noted that the species is a warm-water form, however, not extending into water of low tempera- ture. The surface temperatures at the stations where it occurred, wereall above 20°C except in the southeastern Pacific, where it was foundat stations with surface tem- peratures as low as 17° C. The ranges of environmen- tal conditions in situ were: temperature, 14°3 to 28°5 C; salinity, 34.0 to 39.8 per mille; pH, 7.17 to 8.39; phosphate, 3 to 64 mg PO4/m’3. Nielsen (1934) stated that in the Dana collections C. subrobustum was found only in the upper 50 meters. The Carnegie data are at variance with this and strongly suggest that the species is a shade species. As can be seen from table 11, the species was foundmore frequent- ly with increase in depth to 100 meters. Particularly significant are the records of ‘‘occasional,’’ which were found in 0.3 per cent of the surface samples, 2.1 per cent of the 50-meter samples, and 3.2 per cent of the 100-meter samples. In this respect C. subrobustum dif- fers from C. pentagonum, which was found more fre- quently at 50 meters. Table 11. Records of occurrence of C. subrobustum at three levels Depth in meters Rare 12 2.8 16 aya f 35 13.0 Occasional 1 0.3 6 2.1 8 3.2 Common 1 0.3 1 0.4 1 0.4 Total 14 3.4 23 8.2 44 16.6 A=Number of records. B=Per cent of total number of samples collected at that depth. 11. Ceratium ‘teres Kofoid Figures 11B-D, chart 11, appendix table 11 This is a rare, slightly tolerant tropical species, although widespread. In the Carnegie collection it occurred at sixty-two stations--twelve in the Atlantic, and fifty in the Pacific. There were 106 records of oc~ currence, with 85 rare and 21 occasional. The species is so small that it was collected more freyuently in the pump samples. There were 30 net records and 76 pump records. Expressed in percentages these are 5.6 per cent of the net samples, 20.8 per cent of the pump sam- ples. In regard to geographic distribution, the species is rather too irregular to draw any conclusions. Its ab- sence is particularly noticeable, however, in the region of Panama, Galapagos, and southward. It occurs, on the other hand, at Easter Island and south to 40° south. Ceratium teres was mostly confined to warm water. In the Atlantic the surface temperatures at its record stations were all above 24°8 C; in the Pacific, above 20°6 C, except in the southeastern region where it was as low as 15-0 C (station 60). The ranges of environ- mental conditions in situ were: temperature, 11/4 to 29°4 C; salinity, 33.9 to 37.1 per mille; pH, 7.99 to 8.39; phosphate, 3 to 123 mg PO4/m3. Ceratium teres does not avoid oligotrophic water. Forty-seven of the 106 records of occurrence were in water containing less than 10 mg PO4/m’. Nielsen (1934) found this species only in the sam- ples taken from 50 to 0 meters. In the Carnegie collec- tion it was found about as frequently in the 100-meter samples as in the samples from higher levels (table 12). The surface contamination of the deeper nets, however, must be taken into consideration here. Table 12. Records of occurrence of C. teres at three levels Depth in meters Rare 36 jal seh Vals alt ek Occasional 10 2.6 3 ial 8 3.2 Total 46 11-734 PAS PAG) 10.3 A=Number of records. B=Per cent of total number of samples collected at that depth. 12. Ceratium kofoidii Jorgensen Figure 11H, chart 12, appendix table 12 This is a very rare, slightly tolerant tropical spe- cies, seldom collected because of its extremely small size. In the Carnegie collection it was found at eight stations in the Pacific. There were twelve records of occurrence, ten of which were rare and two occasional. It was found predominantly in the pump samples because of the smaller mesh of the pump filter net. Two of the records were from net samples and ten were from pump samples. The record stations for C. kofoidii were widely scattered (chart 12). The surface temperatures at the stations where it occurred, varied from 16°2 to 27°7C. The environmental conditions in situ were: temperature, 11°7 to 27°6 C; salinity, 34.4 to 35,3 per mille; pH, 8.03 to 8.34; phosphate, 5 to 58 mg PO4/m3. Six of the records were from surface samples, three from 50-meter samples, and three from the 100-meter samples. Thus, it is probably a surface species. Four of the twelve records were from water containing less than 10 mg PO4/m3. 22 13. Ceratium bohmii n. sp. Figure 12, appendix table 13 Dimensions: diameter, d, 20.5 (18-24) microns. This species is closely related to C. kofoidii with which Bohm (1931, figs.9C, E, and F) confused it. The dimensions are about the same. The body, however, is much more elongated and the horns, particularly the antapicals, are much longer. The length of the hypothe- ca from the base of the right antapical horn to the pos- terior edge of the girdle is more than 0.5 d, whereas in C. kofoidii this length is less than 0.5 d. The right ant- apical diverges laterally only slightly or not at all. Geratium bohmii is a tropical Pacific species, prob- ably slightly tolerant, although this cannot be determined at present because of the paucity of records for the spe- cies. It was found at six stations widely scattered as follows: two between Ecuador and the Galapagos, two north of the Phoenix Islands, and two off Japan. There were twelve records of occurrence--eight rare and four occasional. The species was collected more frequently with the pump, probably because of its small size. There were three net records and nine pump records. The surface temperatures at the stations where the species was found, varied from 18°7 to 27°9 C. The en- vironmental conditions in situ were: temperature, 13°9 to 27°9 C; salinity, 33.7 to 35.3 per mille; pH, 7.85 to 8.22; phosphate, 4 to 161 mg PO4/m3. Ceratium bohmii is probably a surface species, al- though there are not sufficient records to establish this. Five of the records were from surface samples, three were from 50-meter samples, and four from 100-meter samples. 14. Ceratium lineatum (Ehrenberg) Cleve Figures 11E-G, chart 12, appendix table 14 Ceratium lineatum is a rare species which is diffi- cult to classify geographically. It occurs in the cold North Atlantic region and at three stations in the warm Atlantic (chart 12). In the Pacific it occurred only off Japan (stations 115a to 117). It is possibly a subpolar species. Peters (1934) found it in the South Atlantic, mostly in the cooler waters. At Carnegie Atlantic sta- tions the species was found mostly in colder waters with surface temperatures from 10°9 to 15°5 C except at sta- tions 17 and 19. At the Pacific record stations the sur- face temperatures varied from 15°9 to 16°1 C. The environmental conditions in situ were: temperature, 6°7 to 21°2 C; salinity: 33.8 to 37.0 per mille; pH, 7.98 to 8.34; phosphate, 3 to 99 mg PO4/m3. The total number of station records wasten, of which seven were in the Atlantic and three in the Pacific. There were twenty-six records ofoccurrence, tenof which were rare, fourteenoccasional, and twocommon. The records of common were from off Japan. Twenty-one of the rec- ords were from net samples and five were from pump samples. The species was found frequently at the sur- face, with thirteen records for the surface, six records for 50 meters, and seven recrods for 100 meters. The authors were unable to separate C. minutum Jor- gensen from C. lineatum. Jorgensen (1920) distinguished C. minutum from C.lineatum by its smaller dimensions, less robust theca, comparatively shorter and broader body, shorter antapical horns, and relatively shorter right ant- apicalhorn. Carnegie specimens with the shape of C. minu- CERATIUM IN THE PACIFIC AND NORTH ATLANTIC OCEANS tum have relatively thick walls (fig. 11F); specimens with the typical shape of C. lineatum are inthe size range of C. minutum, i.e., transdiameter 25 to 28 microns (figs. 11E, G). 15. Ceratium setaceum Jérgensen Figure 11A, appendix table 15 This is a very rare, slightly tolerant tropical spe- cies. Nielsen (1934), who first reported it from the Pa- cific, found it at only two stations--one north of Samoa, and the other west of New Zealand. In the Carnegie col- lection it was found at only two stations also--station 70, off Peru, and station 110, between Guam and Japan. Judg- ing from the scattered nature of these records, it is probable that C. setaceum is a widespread tropical spe- cies, but occurs in such sparse numbers that it is seldom collected. Another reason for its reported scarcity is undoubtedly its small size which enables it to pass through many nets. This is demonstrated by the fact that all the Carnegie records were from the pump samples which were collected by a much finer (no. 20) cloth than the tow nets. The records were at 0 and 50 meters at station 70, and 100 meters at station 110. The surface temperatures at the above two stations were 21°2 and 23°9 C. The ranges of environmental con- ditions in situ were: temperature, 15°4 to 21°2 C; salin- ity, 34.7 to 35.1 per mille; pH, 7.88 to 8.14; phosphate, 11 to 178 mg PO4/m3. Subgenus AMPHICERATIUM 16. Ceratium geniculatum (Lemmermann) Cleve Figure 11J This is a very rare tropical species. Only one spec- imen was found in the Carnegie collection, and this was partially broken (fig. 11J). It occurred in the 50-meter pump sample at station 45, latitude 4°5 south, longitude 105° west. The temperature was 22°4 C; salinity, 35.2 per mille; pH, 8.13; and phosphate 46 mg PO4/m/. 17. Ceratium bigelowii Kofoid Figures 111, K-M, chart 13, appendix table 16 This is a very rare intolerant tropical species, ap- parently confined to the Pacific and Indian oceans. It has never been reported from the Atlantic. It was reported from the Pacific by Kofoid (1907a) and Nielsen (1934), and from the Pacific and Indian oceans by Bohm (1931). Nielsen found it at four stations in the South Equatorial Current. The Carnegie records contribute considerably to our knowledge of the distribution of this species in the Pacific. They show that it is not restricted to any par- ticular current system, but is distributed over the warm tropical waters in both hemispheres. In the Carnegie collection it was found at twenty-four stations (chart 13). These are distributed in the southeastern Pacific to lati- tude 34° south (station 57), in the northwestern Pacific to latitude 23°5 north, and in the northeastern Pacific to 26° north latitude. There are forty records of occur- rence--thirty-six rare and four occasional. The records of occasional were at 50 meters at stations 95, 96, and 159, and also at the surface at the last station. All three CERATIUM SPECIES OF CARNEGIE COLLECTION 23 of these stations were in the region north of Samoa, and it is possible that this is a region usually rich in this species since one of these stations, station 159, was oc- cupied seven months after the other two. All the records of C.bigelowii are from warm water and are remote from land. The surface temperatures at the stations where it was found, varied from 20°7 to 29°4 C, except at station 57 south of Easter Island where the surface temperature was 19°0. The environmental conditions in situ were: temperature, 14°3 to 29°3 C; salinity, 34.2 to 36.4 per mille; pH, 8.10 to 8.39; phos- phate, 3 to 50 mg PO4/m3. According to Nielsen’s theory (1934), C. bigelowii should be a shade species since it has an expanded flat- tened body. Since there have been so few records ofthis species, however, it has not been possible to examine this feature heretofore. The Carnegie records in this connection are not conclusive. The records of rare and the total number of records for the three levels show an increase in frequency with increase in depth (table 13). The records of occasional, however, stand in opposition to this, with the greatest frequency at 50meters. Wheth- er C. bigelowii is a shade species cannot be decided def- initely until more records of its occurrence have been accumulated. Since it is a large species, it was collected more often in the net, with thirty-four net records, and only three pump records. Table 13. Records of occurrence of C. bigelowii at three levels Depth in meters Rare 9 2.1 13 3.9 14 5.5 Occasional 1 0.3 3 1.0 0 acto Total 10 2.4 16 4.9 14 5.5 A=Number of records. B=Per cent of total number of samples collected at that depth. 18. Ceratium inflatum (Kofoid) Jorgensen Figures 110-S, chart 14, appendix table 17 This species is very closely related to the two fol- lowing. Jorgensen (1920) considered C. inflatum (Kof.) Jorgensen, C. longirostrum Gourret, C. falcatum Kofoid, and C. falcatiforme Jorgensen all separate species, whereas Peters (1934) treated them as members of a Formenkreis with subspecific rank. Nielsen (1934) con- sidered them distinct. Whatever the taxonomic value of these groups, there is certainly an intergradation be- tween them. In this report the first three have been kept separate, but this arrangement must be considered ten- tative until more statistical work is done on the group. It was found impossible, however, to separate C. falcati- forme from C. falcatum. Therefore, only the first three species are listed in this report. One of the characters which Jorgensen (1920) used for the differentiation of the above species was length of epitheca relative to lengthof hypotheca--the ep/hyp ratio. For each species he gave the mean, minimum, and maxi- mum ep/hyp ratios. It should be noted that his fractions for maxima represent the maximum length of epitheca over the maximum length of hypotheca and not the maximum ep/hyp ratios that follow them, which might be inferred from his method of presentation. The same holds true for his minima. Unfortunately, many of Jorgensen’s fig- ures for this group indicate ratios which are beyond the range that he states in the text. For instance, his fig- ures of C. longirostrum (figs. 26 and 27) show ep/hyp ratios of 1.525 and 1.55, whereas in the description he states that the maximum ratio is 1.45. Which is correct, the figures or the description? Owing to these inaccura- cies it is difficult to evaluate Jérgensen’s data. A study of the Carnegie specimens, however, re- sulted in measurements showing fairly close agreement with those of Jorgensen. For C. inflatum he gave an ep/hyp ratio of 1.15 (1.06 to 1.26) for an a form and 1.21 (1.18 to 1.23) for ‘‘another form.’’ This ratio in the present material was 1.11 (0.86 to 1.25). Equally close agreement was found in the case of the other species (which see). The total length in our material is 1010 microns (640 to 1460); the diameter 40 microns (30 to 80). Incidentally, C. inflatum in our material is easily separated from C. longirostrum by its diameter alone, since the latter has a diameter of 19 microns (15 to 27). It must also be noted that C. bigelowii is closely re- lated to C. inflatum and should be included in the group in case it is treated as a Formenkreis. In the Carnegie material quite wide specimens of C. inflatum were found which were difficult to separate from C. bigelowii. This was particularly true where there was a lateral flatten- ing of the body (fig. 11R). Ceratium inflatum is a rare, intolerant tropical spe- cies confined entirely to warm water. In the Carnegie collection it occurred at twenty-four stations--five in the Atlantic and nineteen in the Pacific. There were thirty- one records of occurrence, thirty of which were rare and one occasional. Twenty-five were from net samples and six were from pump samples. The record stations for this species were scattered over the warm-water regions. All of them were remote fromland, except onenear Panama. The surface tempera- tures at these stations were from 26°0 to 27°2 in the At- lantic, and from 22°3 to 28°0C in the Pacific, except at one station south of Easter Island where the temperature was 19° C. The environmental conditions in situ were: temperature, 16°6 to 28°6 C; salinity, 34.3 to 36.8 per mille; pH, 8.00 to 8.37; phosphate, 3 to 121 mg PO4/m3. Ceratium inflatum is apparently an oligotrophic spe- cies. Not only was it found principally in warm water re- mote from land, but it was usually found in water of low nutrient content. More than half (seventeen) of the twenty-nine records of its occurrence were in water con- taining less than 10 mg PO4/m3. Nielsen (1934) suggested that this was a surface spe- cies although also found in the deeper samples. In the Carnegie collection it had its maximum frequency at 50 meters (see table 14). Thus, the data acquired so far in- dicate that the occurrence of C. inflatum is rather gener- al in a vertical direction. Table 14. Records of occurrence of C. inflatum at three levels Depth in meters Rare 12 2.9 11 3.9 7 2.4 Occasional 0 ae 1 0.4 0 nce Total 12 2.9 12 4.3 7 2.4 A=Number of records. B=Per cent of total number of samples collected at that depth. 24 CERATIUM IN THE PACIFIC AND NORTH ATLANTIC OCEANS 19. Ceratium longirostrum Gourret Figures 11T-V, chart 14, appendix table 18 Total length, 644 (570-730) microns; diameter, 19 (15-27) microns; ep/hyp ratio, 1.36 (1.19-1.50). Jérgen- sen (1920) gave the ep/hyp ratio as 1.38 (1.26-1.45). Thus, there is close agreement between the world mate- rial of the Carnegie and the Mediterranean material of Jorgensen. i Ceratium longirostrum is a rare, intolerant tropi- cal species with a distribution similar to that of C. in- flatum (see chart 14). In the Carnegie collection it was found at sixteen stations--two in the Atlantic and four- teen in the Pacific. There were twenty-six records of occurrence--twenty-one rare and five occasional. Eighteen records were from net samples and eight were from pump samples. The surface temperatures at the staticns where it occurred, varied from 22°3 to 29°3 C, except at one station (station 2) in the North Atlantic Drift where the temperature was 20°5 C. The environmental conditions in situ were: temperature, 21°6 to 28°5 C; salinity, 34.4 to 36.6 per mille; pH, 8.14 to 8.37; phosphate, 5 to 36mg PO4/m3. Not only is C. longirostrum found in warm water remote from iand, but it is often in water poor in nutri- ents. Fourteen of the twenty-six records of occurrence were in water containing less than 10 mg PO4/m3. Nielsen (1934) listed C. longirostrum as a surface species. In the Carnegie collection there were insuffi- cient records to draw any conclusions in this regard. It was found least often at 50 meters, but more frequently at 100 meters than at the surface (table 15). Table 15. Records of occurrence of C. longirostrum at three levels Depth in meters A Rare 10 2.6 3 ibs 8 3.1 Occasional 2 0.5 2 0.7 1 0.4 Total 12 3.1 5 1.8 9 3.5 A=Number of records. B=Per cent of total number of samples collected at that depth. 20. Ceratium falcatum (Kofoid) Jorgensen Figures 11W-AA, chart 15, appendix table 19 Total length, 513 (350-750) microns; diameter, 23 (15-35) microns; ep/hyp ratio, 1.38 (1.00-0.72). Jorgen- sen (1920) gave the ep/hyp ratios for C. falcatum as 1.56 (1.38-1.70) and for C. falcatiforme, 1.13 to 1.20. The Carnegie range thus includes both of these. It was im- possible to separate in the Carnegie material a small form answering to C. falcatiforme Jorgensen. Jorgensen stated that the length of this form was about 280 microns which is smaller than any Carnegie specimen measured. Many specimens were found, however, which had the shape of the species in question, although larger than this. These intergraded into the typical C.falcatum (figs. 11W-AA). It is probable that C. falcatiforme is simply an extreme of the species C. falcatum. Nielsen (1934) considered it a well-defined species, but presented no measurements, ratios, or other evidence which might indicate that it is distinct in the Pacific. He simply stated that it is ‘‘small.’’ Ceratium falcatum is a rare, intolerant tropical species with a distribution similar to that of C. inflatum and C. longirostrum (see chart 15). In the Carnegie collection it was found at thirty stations--one in the At- lantic and twenty-nine in the Pacific. There were forty- seven records of occurrence--forty-six rare and one occasional. Thirty-four records were from net sam- ples and thirteen were from pump samples. The surface temperatures at the stations where it occurred, varied from 19°0 to 28°4 CC. The environ- mental conditions in situ were: temperature, 14°2 to 28°5 C; salinity, 34.5 to 36.4 per mille; pH, 7.86 to 8.39; phosphate, 4 to 198 mg PO4/m3. Although this species was found mostly in oligotroph- ic water, this was not so evident as in the case of C. in- flatum and C. longirostrum. Only ten of the forty-seven records were in water containing less than 10 mg PO4/m3. Nielsen (1934) listed C. falcatum and C. falcatiforme as surface species. This is borne out by the Carnegie data (see table 16). Table 16. Records of occurrence of C. falcatum at three levels Depth in meters Rare 26 5.7 10 2.8 10 3.9 Occasional 1 0.3 0 anos 0 Boe Total 27 6.0 10 2.8 10 3.9 A=Number of records. B=Per cent of total number of samples collected at that depth. 21. Ceratium extensum (Gourret) Cleve Figures 11BB-DD, chart 16, appendix table 20 This species includes C. strictum (Okamura and Nishikawa) Kofoid, which is characterized by the pres- ence of a well-formed right antapical horn. Since the presence of this horn is not a reliable character, and since it is the only one separating C. strictum from C. extensum, it is no longer considered a separate species (see Jorgensen, 1920; Peters, 1934; and Nielsen, 1934). The species is a widespread very tolerant tropical form. In the Carnegie collection it occurred at 104 sta- tions--14 in the Atlantic and 90 in the Pacific. These were distributed in the various regions as follows: 3 in the cold North Atlantic (in the North Atlantic Drift), 11 in the warm Atlantic, 1 in the cold North Pacific (off California), 79 in the warm Pacific, and 10 in the south- east Pacific. There were 234 records of occurrence-- 136 rare, 81 occasional, and 17 common. Of the total number, 144 were from net samples and 90 were from pump samples. The surface temperatures at the stations where it occurred, varied from 12°4 to 29°4 C. In the northeast- ern Pacific and in the southeastern Pacific it extended into water with surface temperatures of 16°74 and 14°97 respectively. In the North Atlantic Drift it extended close CERATIUM SPECIES OF CARNEGIE COLLECTION to the British Isles to a surface temperature of 12°4 C. The environmental conditions in situ varied as follows: temperature, 10°4 to 29°4 C; salinity, 29.7 to 37.1 per mille; pH, 8.0 to 8.39; phosphate, 2 to 99 mg PO4/m3. Nielsen (1934) classified C. extensum as a surface species. The Carnegie data corroborate this classifica- tion. The species was found with decreasing frequency with increase in depth (see table 17). If due correction were made for contamination of the open nets, this fea- ture would be more pronounced. Table 17. Records of occurrence of C. extensum at three levels Depth in meters Rare 12 ES} Tas t0) 11.8 Occasional 43 12) 28 979545 10 3.9 Common 9 2.3 6 mal 2 0.8 Total 1240 Sera. On Pe 1B) 16.5 A=Number of records. B=Per cent of total number of samples collected at that depth. 22. Ceratium fusus (Ehrenberg) Dujardin Figures 11EE, 13A-D, chart 17, appendix table 21 Ceratium fusus is a widespread cosmopolitan spe- cies. It may be composed of subspecies but so far no morphological differences warranting a division of the species have been found. Jorgensen (1920) believed that he could distinguish a tropical subspecies (seta [Ehren- berg]) from the northern form of the species, but later workers have not been able to verify this (Peters, 1934; Nielsen, 1934). Peters found several different forms in different parts of the South Atlantic, but they intergraded so much that he was not able to separate them satisfac- torily. Nielsen considered the species to represent a single genotype which is definitely modified as to size by ecological conditions. His data for the South Pacific show an increase in size under neritic conditions. In the Carnegie collection a statistical difference was found between the forms growing in the different life zones (see table 18). It is evident from these data thatt the specimens from cold-water regions have a distinctly greater diameter than those from the warm-water re- gions as shown by both the means and extremes. The length, however, does not show the same correlation. The specimens from the warm Atlantic showed the great- est average length, whereasthose from the warm Pacific had the smallest. It is to be hoped that a finer morpho- logical analysis of this species will throw some light on the taxonomic-ecologic problems involved. In the Carnegie collection C. fusus was found at ninety- four stations--twenty-five in the Atlantic, and sixty-nine in the Pacific. These stations were distributed from the warmest to the coldest regions visited (see chart 17). There are particular lines of stations, however, where C. fusus was not found. These distributional gaps cannot be explained on the basis of general rarity of the species. In the Carnegie collection there were 194 records of its occurrence.. Of these, 109 were rare, 67 occasional, 11, common, and 7 abundant. Most of the records of higher frequency, however, were from the cold Atlantic region. 25 Table 18. Size variation in Ceratium fusus in microns in microns Cold Atlantic 410 (310-500) 21.6 (20-28) Warm Atlantic 459 (345-434) 20 (16-25) Cold North Pacific 420 (330-520) 24 (20-32) Warm Pacific 329 (168-422) 15 (10-25) Southeast Pacific 345 (250-405) 17 (12-22) and it should be noted that the lines of stations where the species was not found are mostly in regions of low phosphate content. Only 23 of the 194 records of occur- rence were in water containing less than 10 mg PO4/m3. Thus, it is possible that C. fusus does not normally de- velop to any great extent in oligotrophic water. Since the species is cosmopolitan, it was found in a great range of conditions. The surface temperatures at the stations where it occurred, varied from 7°2 to 29°5 C. The environmental conditions in situ were: temper- ature, 2.1 to 29°5 C; salinity, 32.7 to 37.0 per mille; pH, 7.71 to 8.37; phosphate, 4 to 209 mg PO4/m3. The very narrow body of C. fusus permits it to es- cape from the larger meshed nets. Consequently there are relatively more pump records for the species than net records. It was found in only 18 per cent of the net samples, but in 26 per cent of the pump samples. Nielsen (1934) classified C. fusus as a surface spe- cies. This classification is probably correct. In the Carnegie collection the number of records decreased with increase in depth (see table 19). After correcting for upper-level contamination in the open nets, it is ob- vious that the species is much more frequent in the sur- face layer. Table 19. Records of occurrence of C. fusus at three levels Occur - Depth in meters rence B Rare 44 10.9 34 IPA) ail 12.2 Occasional 37 Ora 21 Neo 9 3.5 Common 8 2.8 1 0.4 2 0.7 Abundant 4 1.4 2 0.8 1 0.4 Total 93 24.5 58 Phe eS} 16.8 A=Number of records. B=Per cent of total number of samples collected at that depth. Subgenus EUCERATIUM 23. Ceratium tripos (O. F. Miller) Nitzsch No species of the genus is so complex and variable as C. tripos. For a time there was a tendency to sepa- rate the components of this form into separate units with specific rank. This movement was led by J6rgensen 26 (1911, 1920). Later a tendency developed to lump these units into a Formenkreisor a fewspecies. Peters (1934) included under C. tripos all the varieties of pulchellum (see Jorgensen, 1920). He divided the species into three subspecies: atlanticum, pulchellum, and semipulchellum. Nielsen (1934), on the other hand, recognized four sepa- rate species in this group as follows: C. tripodoides, C. semipulchellum, C. pulchellum, and C. tripos. He sepa- rated the first three species from each other on the ba- sis of statistical studies of individual plankton samples. He found a grouping according to diameter and ‘“‘antapi- cal length.”’ The last, C. tripos, which he found only in the cold water in the region of Australia and New Zea- land, he considered distinct because of its shorter apical horn and stronger antapicals. These characters can hardly be sufficient for the separation of a species in this variable group. It is probable that the New Zealand- Australian form is simply a southern subspeciesor race. Certainly Nielsen’s drawings (figs. 32 and 33) do not show sufficient distinctness for a separation from his C. semipulchellum (fig. 30). The present authors lean toward the view of Peters (1934) in regard to this group, with the exception that C. pulchellum (eupulchellum of Jorgensen) has been treated as a separate species. Considering the collection as a whole, there was very little intergradation between this form and semipulchellum. Between semipulchellum and tripos, on the contrary, there are many intergradations, i.e., in various characters such as size, spread of horns, and antapical curvature. It was considered advisable for the present to treat these two units as subspecies. They, in turn, are each composed of an endless number of va- rieties or races, which, however, are not recorded here as they are impossible to separate with our present knowledge of morphological characters in this genus. Ceratium tripos subsp. atlanticum (Ostenfeld) Figures 13E-K, chart 18, appendix table 22 This subspecies is more characteristic of colder waters although it is sometimes found in the tropics; The tropical forms are probably separate races; some of them vary toward the semipulchellum form. In the Carnegie collection subsp. atlanticum was found throughout the cold Atlantic region and at ten sta- tions in the warm Atlantic region. In the Pacific it was found in the cold North Pacific region to the west and east but not in the most northern part. In the warm Pa- . cific region it was found at ten stations northof 27° north latitude, and at two stations in the southeastern part. In the southeast Pacific region it was found at thirteen sta- tions. The total number of record stations for the sub- species was sixty-one--twenty-six of which were in the Atlantic and thirty-five in the Pacific. It was not found so often as subsp. semipulchellum but a high percentage of the records were above ‘‘rare.”’ The total number of occurrences was 163, of which 49 were rare, 61 occasional, 45 common, and 8 abundant. Since the subspecies is cosmopolitan, the range of environmental conditions was great. {t was not, however, found at the warmest stations of the Pacific. The range of surface temperatures at the record stations in the At- lantic was from 8°9 to 28°5C; in the Pacific from 6°9 to 27°1 C. The environmental conditions in situ were: tem- perature, 6°1 to 28°2 C; salinity, 31.7 to 36.4 per mille; pH, 7.80 to 8.37; phosphate, 2 to 181 mg PO4/m3. CERATIUM IN THE PACIFIC AND NORTH ATLANTIC OCEANS This subspecies, like the rest of the Formenkreis, is a surface species, although it is also found in consid- erable numbers in the deeper levels. As shown in table 20, subsp. atlanticum was found most frequently in the surface samples. Table 20. Records of occurrence of C. tripos subsp. atlanticum at three levels Depth in meters Rare 22 Dal 14 4.6 13 er Occasional 32 8.3 13 4.6 16 6.3 Common 25 6550 11 3.9 9 3:5 Abundant if 1.8 1 0.4 0 fies Total 86 22.3 39 13.5 38 14.9 A=Number of records. B=Per cent of total number of samples collected at that depth. Ceratium tripos subsp. semipulchellum (Jérgensen) Figures 13L-N, chart 19, appendix table 23 This subspecies is a slightly tolerant tropical form which occurs almost continuously in the warm regions and the southeast Pacific region (chart 19). It is limited to the tropical waters except in the southeastern Pacific and northeast of Japan. In the Atlantic it was limited en- tirely to the warm Atlantic region. In the Pacific it oc- curred at one station northeast of Japan in the cold North Pacific region, although not in water of low temperature; the lowest surface temperature being 16°1 C. In the southeastern Pacific region it was found at all but three stations. The surface temperatures at the record sta- tions there were as low as 15° C. The total range of surface temperatures was from 15° to 29°5C. The ranges of environmental conditions in situ were: tem- perature, 11°4 to 29°4 C; salinity, 31.6 to 36.6 per mille; pH, 7.76 to 8.47; phosphate, 2 to 198 mg PO4/m3. The subspecies was found at a total of 127 stations-- 21 in the Atlantic and 106 in the Pacific. It is one of the most common of the Ceratia. This is shown, not only by the large number of stations at which it was found, but also by the large number of single records of occurrence and relative abundance. There were 391 records of oc- currence, with 161 rare, 156 occasional, 72 common, and. 2 abundant. Since it is a large form, it was found more often in the net samples. There were 256 net records and 135 pump records. The subspecies definitely does not avoid oligotrophic water, as its record stations are unbroken through re- gions of poor water, and 140 of the 391 records of occur- rence were in water containing less than 10 mg PO4/m3. In regard to depth, Nielsen (1934) states that semi- pulchellum is a definite surface form. The Carnegie data, on the contrary, indicate that it lives throughout the upper 100-meter layer. The greatest percentage of “rare’’ records was at 100 meters (see table 21); of “occasional’’ records at the surface; of “‘common”’ rec- ords at 50 meters; and the greatest total percentage was at 50 meters. The large number of records for the 50- and 100-meter levels cannot be explained entirely on the basis of contamination of the open nets since there were twenty-three stations scattered over the Atlantic and CERATIUM SPECIES OF CARNEGIE COLLECTION 27 Pacific where the subspecies was not recorded for the surface but was recorded for either or both the 50- and 100-meter levels. Table 21. Depth in meters Rare 60 15.6 46 16.0 Occasional 72 18.7 47 16.6 Common 28 W203 11.0 Abundant 1 0.2 1 0.3 Total 161 ATs sale 43.9 A=Number of records. B=Per cent of total number of 105 samples ccllected at that depth. 24. Ceratium pulchellum Schroder Records of occurrence of C. tripos subsp. semipulchellum at three levels. 41.3 (=C. pulchellum f. eupulchellum J6rgensen) Figures 14B-F, chart 20, appendix table 24 As stated above (p. 26), C. pulchellum Schroder is considered distinct from the C. tripos-C. semipulchell- lum complex. It is characterized by short antapical horns and small size. The diameter in our material was 46 (22-60) microns. Ceratium pulchellum is a fairly common, slightly tolerant tropical species. In the Carnegie collection it was found at sixty-nine stations--eleven in the Atlantic and fifty-eight in the Pacific. In the Atlantic the stations were restricted to the warm Atlantic region; in the Pa- cific they were scattered over the warm Pacific region and the southern part of the southeast Pacific region. The total number of sample records for the species was 158, of which 97 were rare, 47 occasional, and 14 com- mon. It is a curious fact that the relative number of pump records for the species is greater than the net samples. The species was found in 15 per cent (82) of the net samples and 21 per cent (76) of the pump sam- ples. This probably is owing to the relatively small di- ameter of the species and to the short antapical horns, which permit the species to pass more readily through the coarser cloth of the tow net. The surface temperatures at the stations where the species was found, varied from 16°9 (in the southeastern Pacific) to 29°5 C (north of Samoa). The environmental conditions in situ were: temperature, 11°4 to 29°4 C; Table 22. Records of occurrence of C. pulchellum at three levels Depth in meters Rare 47 122) an Occasional 32 8.3 9 Common 9 2.3 3 Total 88 22:8 99 1 A=Number of records. B=Per cent of total number of 230 («9.1 6 2.4 2 0.8 31 12.3 samples collected at that depth. salinity, 34.0 to 37.1 per pallle; pH, 7.76 to 8.39; phos- phate, 3 to 123 mg PO4/m3. Ceratium pulchellum is decidedly a surface species as can be seen from table 22. 25. Ceratium humile Jorgensen Figure 14A This species was reported from Japanese waters by Jérgensen (1911), and from the Australian region by Niel- sen (1934). The latter author considered it endemic in the East-Asiatic Australian region. He also considered it a purely neritic species. For this reason, the single record of this species in the Carnegie collection is re- markable. I was found in the surface sample at station 1 in the Gulf Stream. This not only extends the known distribution of the species to another ocean but indicates that, at least in the Atlantic, it is not necessarily a neri- tic species. The surface temperature at this station was 24°0 C. The specimen (fig. 14A) resembles those figured by Jorgensen (1911, figs. 82 and 83) somewhat more than that figured by Nielsen (1934, fig. 34) as the right horn is more ascending. 26. Ceratium breve (Ostenfeld and Schmidt) Schroder Figures 14G-P, chart 21, appendix table 25 This is avariable species which exhibits transitions to many other species of the genus, namely, C. schmidtii, C. tripos, and C. arcuatum. Peters (1934) has suggested that it be included in the Formenkreis C. tripos. Bohm stressed the similarity between C. breve and C. arcuatum Cleve and the present authors believe that C. schmidtii likewise is similar or identical to C. breve. A series of specimens is shown in figures 14G to P which extends from the form with short, curved antapicals as in C. schmidtii (fig. 141) to the open parallelum type simulat- ing C. arcuatum (fig. 14K). It is probable, as Bohm (1931) stated, that the transition to C. arcuatum is superficial rather than genetic. Whether C. schmidtii should be in- cluded in C. breve is more difficult to say. According to Jorgensen (1911) the body of C. schmidtii is concave so the antapical horns have a ventral curvature. This fea- ture, however, is sometimes found in C. breve, soit is not possible to separate these two forms on that basis. Ceratium breve is an intolerant tropical species. In the Carnegie collection it was found at ninety-two stations-- eighteen in the Atlantic and seventy-four in the Pacific. All the Atlantic stations were in the warm Atlantic region. The Pacific stations were in the warm Pacific region or the western part of the southeast Pacific region, with the single exception of station 70 off Peru. The surface tem - perature there, however, was high, namely, 21°2C. The species was not found in ‘most of the southeastern Pacific ‘nor in most of the area between California and Hawaii. This distribution may represent the effects of subpolar currents (see p. 9). The complete range of surface tem- peratures was 18°7 to 29°5 C. The environmental condi- tions in situ were: temperature, 12°5 to 29°4 C; salinity, 29.7 to 36.8 per mille; pH, 7.68 to 8.47; phosphate, 2 to 189 mg PO4/m3. Nielsen (1934) classified C. breve as a surface form. The Carnegie data corroborate this classification. As shown in table 23, it was found less frequently in the deeper samples. If due correction were made for the 28 CERATIUM IN THE PACIFIC AND NORTH ATLANTIC OCEANS contamination of the open nets this tendency would be more pronounced. Table 23. Records of occurrence of C. breve at three levels Depth in meters Rare 43 1074 SST, i1Se Ct)" easy 12.0 Occasional 55 13:3 30 10.6 23 8.0 Common 23 6:0). 10 325 5 2.0 Total 121 295 atid 28.0 60 22.0 A=Number of records. B=Per cent of total number of samples collected at that depth. The species is often found in comparatively large numbers. There were 258 records of occurrence, of which 112 were rare, 108 occasional, and 38 common. Since it is a large species, it was found more ofteninthe net samples. There were 181 net samples and 77 pump samples. Seventy-five of the records were in water con- taining less than 10 mg PO4/m3. 27. Ceratium compressum Gran Figure 15A This is a very rare species previously known only from the temperate waters of the North Atlantic. In the Carnegie collection a single specimen was found. This occurred in the 100-meter net sample from station 61 in the southeastern Pacific, latitude 38°5 south. Probably this is a bipolar species occurring in the cooler waters of both hemispheres. The surface temperature at station 61 was 16°9C. The environmental conditions at 100 me- ters were: temperature, 10°8 C; salinity, 34.0 per mille; pH, 8.03; phosphate, 80 mg PO4/m3. 28. Ceratium euarcuatum Jorgensen Figures 15N-M, chart 22, appendix table 26 This is a distinct and easily recognized species which varies comparatively little. It is an intolerant tropical species, although found almost continuously in the warm regions of the oceans (chart 22). It was found at eighty-five stations--fourteen in the Atlantic, and seventy-one in the Pacific. In the Atlantic it was con- fined to the warm Atlantic region and in the Pacific to the warm Pacific region except for two stations in the western part of the southeast Pacific region. The sur- face temperatures at the stations where it occurred in the Atlantic varied from 24°0 to 28°0 C and in the Pacif- ic from 19°0 to 29°5 C. It was absent from the entire southeastern Pacific east of 100° west longitude except for one station west of the Galapagos Islands. Nielsen (1934), however, found a single specimen in the Panama region. Ceratium euarcuatum probably is one of the best in- dicators of warm tropical water. It apparently is of no value as an indicator of intrusions of water of tropical origin, however, since it does not seem to extend beyond the tropical boundaries in such currents as the Kuroshio and Gulf Stream. Apparently it does not endure a lowering of the temperature. On the other hand, it is found within the tropics in regions where cooler water has been brought in from other regions or from vertical disturb- ances. Thus, it was found west of the Galapagos where the surface temperature was 19°6 and south of Easter Island where it was 19°0 C. Nielsen (1934) found that it was restricted to water where the surface temperatures were above 22°5 C. During the cruise of the Dana the temperatures in the region of the Galapagos were some- what higher than when the Carnegie visited there but the species was not found in this area by Nielsen. It is probable that this region is in the line of distributional limit for the species, that normally it does not occur southeast of there, and that its occurrence in the region of the Galapagos depends on the amount of mixing of the waters in that region and on the amount of extrusion of the water of the Humboldt Current. Peters (1934) con- sidered C. euarcuatum an indicator of warm oligotrophic water in the South Atlantic. Nielsen (1934), on the other hand, found it in water rich in nutrients and plankton as well as in oligotrophic water. One might conclude from the Carnegie distribution of C. euarcuatum in the Atlantic and North Pacific that the species preferred oligotrophic water because its dis- tributional limits in these oceans parallel quite closely the line of 10 mg PO4/m3 (cf. charts 22 and 50). This correlation, however, does not hold in the South Pacific where the species was frequently found in water rich in nutrients. Thus, we must conclude that it is not high concentration of nutrients which is limiting the distribu- tion of the species in the northern waters but some other factor associated with it. Only 86 of the 185 records of occurrence were in water containing less than 10 mg PO4/m3. Within the tropics the species is fairly common so there were many records of occurrence, namely, 185; of which 97 were rare, 75 occasional, and 13 common. It was found more often in net samples, with 128 net rec- ords and 57 pump records. The environmental conditions in situ were: temper- ature, 13°6 to 29°3 C; salinity, 33.9 to 37.1 per mille; pH, 7.17 to 8.47; phosphate, 3 to 123 mg PO4/m3. Nielsen (1934) classified C. euarcuatum as a shade species and the Carnegie data substantiate this classifi- cation. As shown in table 24, it was found more frequent- ly at the lower levels than at the surface. Table 24. Records of occurrence of C. euarcuatum at three levels Depth in meters Rare 22 Bea 49 17:45" 26 12.0 Occasional 11 2.8 43 15.3 21 8.0 Common 2 0.5 5 7 6 2.0 Total 35 9.0 OV sar4e ibs 22.0 A=Number of records. B=Per cent of total number of samples collected at that depth. 29. Ceratium filicorne Nielsen Figures 15B-C, chart 23, appendix table 27 This species was described by Nielsen from the Dana collection in the South Pacific. He stated that it is closely related to both C. euarcuatum and C. symmetricum CERATIUM SPECIES OF CARNEGIE COLLECTION 29 and probably has been confused by some with the latter species, although the original figures of Pavillard (1905) and Jorgensen (1911, 1920) were not C. filicorne. In the Carnegie collection this species was identified without any difficulty, and no intergrades were found between it and either C. euarcuatum or C. symmetricum. Ceratium filicorne has a distribution of particular interest. In the Carnegie collection it occurred only in the South Pacific. This distribution is unique for the Ceratium species. Since the only other records for the species are those of Nielsen (which are also from the South Pacific), its known distribution is limited to that region. Nielsen’s records run from the Tuamotu Islands to Fiji. In the Carnegie collection there are three sta- tions for the species between the Tuamotus and Samoa, i.e., in the same general region of those of Nielsen; the other stations, fifteen in number, are in the southeast- ern Pacific. These, however, are limited to the warm Pacific region, although they include all the stations (4) in the eastern extension of the region. This is one of the most extraordinary distributions found in the genus. If it were an extremely rare species this distribution would not be remarkable as it might be explained on the basis of incomplete sampling. This probably is not the explanation in this case, however, since the species was not found in particularly small numbers within its range. Of the twenty-seven records of occurrence only six were rare, whereas fourteen were occasional, and seven were common. Fifteen of the rec- ords were from net samples and twelve were from pump samples. Why the species is not found in the equatorial regions is an enigma. Is there something peculiar to the South Pacific necessary for the development of C. fili- corne? The surface temperatures at the stations where the species occurred, varied from 19°0 to 28°7C. The en- vironmental conditions in situ were: temperature, 14°3 to 27°6 C; salinity, 34.4 to 36.3 per mille; pH, 7.17 to 8.27; phosphate, 8 to 32 mg PO4/m3. There was only one record from water withlessthan 10 mg PO4/m3. Nielsen (1934) designated C. filicorne as a genuine shade species, and this is borne out by the Carnegie data, as can be seen in table 25. It was found predominantly in the 100-meter samples, and only a sin- gle specimen was found in the surface samples. Table 25. Records of occurrence of C. filicorne at three levels Depth in meters Rare 1 0.3 1 0.4 qd 1.3 Occasional 0 nee 3 11. 11 4.3 Common 0 oe 1 0.4 6 2.3 Total 1 0.3 5 1.9 21 7.9 A=Number of records. B=Per cent of total number of samples collected at that depth 30. Ceratium symmetricum Pavillard Figures 15H-L, chart 24, appendix table 28 differences of opinion of Jorgensen (1911, 1920) and Pavillard (1923). The present authors agree that the name should be dropped, not because of the confusion of these authors’ opinions, however, but because the origi- nal drawing of Gourret (1883, pl. I, fig. 1) is not identi- fiable. There is a considerable difference of opinion as to what segregation of forms should be made within this group. Peters (1934) listed only two forms; C. gracile gracile and C. gracile symmetricum. He included var. orthoceros J6rgensen in his subspecies gracile. It is doubtful, however, if he found coarctatum, since his draw- ings do not show it. Nielsen (1934), on the basis of some statistical work on size and horn spread, decided that the various forms he found could be lumped into a single uni- fied species. It is doubtful, however, if his measurements of horn spread properly express the difference in body shape and origins of horns--which are the distinguishing featuresof the segregates of this group. The present au- thors believe, on the basisof the study of the Carnegie material, that coarctatum and orthoceros are sufficiently distinct to justify the retention of their names and the recording of their distributions. There is sufficient in- tergradation between them, on the other hand, that they cannot be given more thanvarietal value. Variety coarc- tatum is characterized by long, more or less parallel, horns; var. symmetricum by widely spreading horns; var. orthoceros by short close horns, and the right ant- apical in particular, with an abrupt anterior turn. The three forms of the species are not subspecies in the geographic sense; they are all found within the same regions. For this reason their records have been combined on the chart (chart 24) although the individual records are noted on the distributional list (appendix table 28). The species as a whole is a fairly common warm- water form. In the Carnegie collection it was found at eighty-one stations--fifteen in the Atlantic and sixty-six in the Pacific. In the Atlantic these were all inthe warm Atlantic region. The surface temperatures at these sta- tions were all above 24°0 C. In the Pacific the species occurred in the warm Pacific region and throughout the southeast Pacific region. At the northern limits of the warm Pacific region the species occurred where the sur - face temperatures were as low as 19°1C. In the south- east Pacific region it occurred at surface temperatures as low as 15-0 C. Thus, it was classified as a slightly tolerant tropical species. Table 26. Records of occurrence of C. symmetricum at three levels Depth in meters Rare 10 2.6 31 11.0 45 ie fart Occasional 2 0.5 23 8:1) 34 13.4 Common 0 ene 3 1.6 8 3.2 Total 12 del 57 20.7> 87 34.3 A=Number of records. B=Per cent of total number of samples collected at that depth. Its relative abundance is also shown by the number Paulsen (1931) suggested that the name C. gracile be | of sample records. There were 156 recordsof occurrence, supplanted because of the confusion of synonyms and the of which 86 were rare, 59 occasional, and 11 common. It 30 CERATIUM IN THE PACIFIC AND NORTH ATLANTIC OCEANS was found more frequently in the net samples, with 100 net records and 56 pump records. Ceratium symmetricum is a pronounced shade spe- cies. Nielsen (1934) usually found it in the samples col- lected below the 50-meter level except at stations rich in plankton. The Carnegie data indicate a much greater frequency in the deeper levels (see table 26). Only 12 of the 156 records, or 3.1 per cent of the surface samples, were from the surface, whereas the species was found in 34.0 per cent of the 100-meter samples. The species is quite common in oligotrophic water. Sixty-five of the 156 records of occurrence were in water containing less than 10 mg PO4/m3. The environmental conditions in situ were: temperature, 12°1 to 29°3 C; salinity, 30.7 to 37.1 per mille; pH, 7.90 to 8.39; phos- phate, 3 to 152 mg PO4/m3. 31. Ceratium axiale Kofoid Figures 15D and E, chart 25, appendix table 29 This is a very rare intolerant tropical species. It was found only twice in the collections of the Meteor in the South Atlantic (Peters, 1934). Nielsen (1934) found it at nine stations in the Pacific in the South Equatorial and East Australian currents. The Carnegie collections extend the known range of the species both in the North- ern and Southern hemispheres of the Pacific. It was not found in the Atlantic. It occurred at eleven Carnegie sta- tions; two of these were in the southeastern Pacific, one off Japan, and the rest in the North Equatorial Current and north and east of Hawaii. It is probable that the species is more or less evenly distributed over the warm waters of the world but it is seldom collected because of its sparse numbers. In the Carnegie collection there were thirteen records of occurrence, of which eight were rare, three occasional, and two common. The surface temperatures at the stations where it occurred, varied from 20°2 to 28°1C. Theranges of en- vironmental conditions in situ were: temperature, 15°6 to 27°6 C; salinity, 34.5 to 35.1 per mille; pH, 8.08 to 8.39; phosphate, 4 to 32 mg PO4/m3. Five of the thirteen records were in water gentaln. ing less than 10 mg PO4/m3. All of Nielsen’s (1934) records were from fine 50- meter depths except one. The Carnegie data are in good agreement with his (see table 27). There was only one record from a surface sample and one from a 50-meter sample. The other eleven'were from 100-meter sam- ples. It is thus evident that C. axiale is unquestionably a shade species. It is also of interest to note that eight of the records were from pump samples, whereas only five were from Table 27. Records of occurrence of C. axiale at three levels Depth in meters Rare 1 0.3 1 0.4 6 2.4 Occasional 0 aoe 0 seis 3 ily? Common 0 afin 0 2 0.7 Total 1 0.3 1 0.4 11 4.3 A=Number of records. B=Per cent of total number of samples collected at that depth. the net samples. Apparently the curved nature of the antapical horns permits the specimens to pass through the coarser nets. 32. Ceratium aultii n. sp. Figures 15F andG Diameter, 55 microns; total length, 230 to 250 mi- crons. The shape of the body is similar to those of C. sSymmetricum and C. axiale, except that the apical horn is displaced to the left. Curvatures of antapical horns resemble those of C. axiale except at the bases where the antapicals extend laterally from the body before they curve anteriorly. Ceratium aultii was found at only two stations--one off Peru (station 72) and the other in the central part of the North Equatorial Current of the Pacific (station151). It was found at 100 meters at both stations. At station 72 it was ‘‘common’”’ in the net sample; at station 151 it was “‘rare’’ in the pump sample. The surface tempera- tures at the stations where it was found were 24°9 and 26°0 C. The temperatures in situ were: 14°8 at station 72, and 12°5 C at station 151. 33. Ceratium azoricum Cleve Figures 16M-P, chart 26, appendix table 30 This species is a variable and little-known form. It is probably much more common than the number of rec- ords for it would indicate, since it is lost through the net because of its small size. It varies greatly in size (di- ameter from 38 to 50 microns), however, as well as in shape of body, and origin of antapical horns. The larger forms with spreading horns bear a close resemblance to C. petersii and may, in fact, be identical with this, i.e., C. petersii may represent simply one end of a line of variations of C. azoricum. At the other end of this line are the small specimens with horns close to the body. In the Carnegie collection a specimen was found which had a heavy list which joined the apical with the antapical horns (fig. 16M). This may be a new species as no defi- nite intergrades were found between it and C. azoricum. Since only the one specimen was found, however, it was decided to postpone naming a new species until more material could be examined. Ceratium azoricum is a very tolerant tropical spe- cies. Lebour (1925) stated that it is subtropical and is occasionally brought into the northern seas. In the Car- negie collection it was found in the region of Ireland and between Iceland andthe Faeroes. In the latter region the surface temperature was 8-9 C. In the Pacific it was found at one station in the cold North Pacific region, where the surface temperature was 13°3 C. In the south- eastern Pacific it was found at temperatures as low as 16°3 C. On the other hand, it occurred at temperatures as high as 29°5 C in the equatorial regions. It was found at a total of five stations in the Atlantic, only one of which was in the warm Atlantic region. In the Pacific it was found at twenty-three stations: one in the cold North Pa- cific region, seven in the southeast-Pacific region, and fifteen in the warm Pacific region. The total number of records was sixty, of which thirty-eight were rare, twenty- one occasional, and one common. As stated above, the species is probably commoner than the reported records would indicate because it probably escapes through the CERATIUM SPECIES OF CARNEGIE COLLECTION 31 nets. Nevertheless, it was found more often in the net than the pump samples. There were thirty-three rec- ords (16 per cent) for the net samples and twenty-seven records (14 per cent) for the pump samples. Nielsen (1934) stated that C. azoricum is a typical surface species but this is not confirmed by the Carne- gie data (see table 28). There are not sufficient deeper records, however, to warrant classifying C. azoricum as a typical shade species. Table 28. Records of occurrence of C. azoricum Cleve at three levels Depth in meters Rare 16 4.2 14 5.0 8 3.2 Occasional 6 1.6 8 2.8 7 2.8 Common 1 0.3 0 eet 0 Bete Total 23 6.1 22 7.8 15 6.0 A=Number of records. B=Per cent of total number of samples collected at that depth. The ranges of environmental conditions in situ were: temperature, 8°2 to 29°3 C; salinity, 32.7 to 36.0 per mille; pH, 7.85 to 8.39; phosphate, 7 to 176 mg PO4/m3. Only two of the sixty records of occurrence were from water containing less than 10 mg PO4/m3. 34. Ceratium petersii Nielsen Figure 16L, chart 26, appendix table 31 As noted above, it is questionable whether thisform should be considered separate from C. azoricum Cleve (see p. 30). For the present, however, it will be con- sidered separately. Nielsen (1934) reported the species from southeast of New Zealand. The records of Peters (1934) for C. bucephalum in the South Atlantic were re- ferred to C. petersii by Nielsen (1934), but the present authors cannot agree with this (see below). The Carne- gie records for C. petersii were at six stations, all in the Pacific--five in the southeastern Pacific and one off the west Coast of the United States. Thus it is probable that C. petersii is peculiar to the Pacific Ocean. Geographically it has been difficult to classify C. petersii, partly because of the limited number of rec- ords and partly because of its peculiar distribution. It is either cosmopolitan or subpolar. The surface tem- peratures at its record stations varied from 16°9 in the South Pacific and 16°4 in the North Pacific to 21°2 off Peru. It could be classified as subpolar except for its peculiar distribution in the southeastern Pacific. No other subpolar form has shown such a distribution. It is tentatively considered to be a cosmopolitan species. There is, of course, the possibility that C. petersii is a cold-water subspecies of C. azoricum but this possibil- ity is lessened by the fact that the typical C. azoricumis also found in cold water. The total number of sample records for C. petersii in the Carnegie collection was fifteen, of which ten were rare, four occasional, andone common. Eight of the records were from net samples and seven were from pump samples. The ranges of environmental conditions in situ were: temperature, 10°8 to 21°2C; salinity, 33.0 to 35.1 per mille; pH, 7.68 to 8.18; phosphate, 12 to 233mg P04/m3. None of the records were in oligotrophic water. Nielsen (1934) found the species only in the samples from 50 to 0 meters. In the Carnegie collections there were six records for the surface, six for 50 meters, and three records for 100 meters. Thus it is probably asur- face species. 35. Ceratium arietinum Cleve Figures 16A-K, chart 27, appendix table 32 This species is one of the most ill defined of the genus. It is composed of a great many variants, includ- ing C. bucephalum which is here treated as a subspecies. Peters (1934) stated that in the Meteor material all the variation forms described by Jorgensen (1911 and 1920) were found, but two forms were more common--a small one and alargeone. These intergraded but f. graci- lentum was distinct. The “‘large and small main form C. arietinum arie- tinum’’ was found in various regions of the South Atlantic but f. gracilentum was purely tropical, occurring between latitudes 12° north and 10° south with water temperatures over 22°C. Nielsen (1934) stated that he found only one form in the South Pacific and that it corresponded to Jérgensen’s {. detortum and f. gracilentum. Thus, apparently, Niel- sen considered these two forms identical. The Carnegie collection is particularly rich in vari- ations of this species. Only the more important of these have been figured (figs. 16A-K). The characteristic arietinum has the apical horn dis- placed to the left, whereas the right antapical horn is strongly incurved (fig. 16E). In f. gracilentum Jorgensen there is a distortion and lengthening of the apical horn, which is sharply curved proximally (fig. 16K). Jorgensen (1920) on the other hand, described a form, f. regulare, in which the apical horn is symmetrically placed. This form resembles C. bucephalum Cleve. In the present collection the placement of the apical horn was extremely variable and showed transitions to C. bucephalum (see figs. 16A-H). Nielsen (1934) classifiedPeters’ (1934) southernform of C. bucephalum as a new species, C. petersii. The drawing of this species which Nielsen gives, however, is quite different from the one given by Peters. Inour opin- ion these two forms cannot be included together. Peters’ figure (plate 3, fig. 16c) is truly a form of C. bucephalum, which the authors have included as a subspecies of C. arietinum. Nielsen’s figure (fig. 44), however, is proba- bly a distinct species as he indicated. It is closely re- lated to C. azoricum (which see). : The gracilentum form of the Pacific (fig. 16F) is dif- ferent from that of the Atlantic (fig. 16K). The body is not nearly so distorted, the antapical contour is more nearly perpendicular to the axis of the apical horn, the body is relatively wide, and the apical horn is not so ex- tended. The transitions between gracilentum and the typ- ical arietinum, however, are continuous in both oceans. It is very probable that several subspecies (in the geographic sense) are concerned in the present complex. Peters (1934) found f. gracilentum to be limited to the purely tropical waters between latitudes 12° north and 10 south with temperatures over 22° C. In the Carnegie col- lection this form was found farther north (to latitude 38°5, ° 32 CERATIUM IN THE PACIFIC AND NORTH ATLANTIC OCEANS station 15) but the temperatures were quite high (24°8 C). In the Pacific this particular form does not occur. Its representative, however, (fig. 16F) is a warm-water form, although not markedly so because the form in the Pacific is not so distinct. Bucephalum is truly of temperate- and cold-water origin. Figures 16D and E show the form from the North Pacific region, figure 16A from the Humboldt Current, and figure 16C from the southeast Pacific region. It is absent from the tropics and thus is bizonal as Peters (1934) first demonstrated. Since bucephalum shows this geographic distribution, and since it intergrades with C. arietinum, it should be considered a subspecies of C. arietinum Jorgensen’ s f. gracilentum is also a subspecies since it is limited to quite warm water. It is useless, however, to name the many variations and intergrades which occur among the subspecies as they are innumerable and apparently of no ecologic significance. The species as a whole is a fairly common one. In the Carnegie collection it occurred at sixty-two stations --ten in the Atlantic and fifty-two in the Pacific. The total number of records was 123, of which 87 wererare, 30 occasional, 4 common, and 2 abundant. There were 67 net records and 56 pump records. Nielsen reported C. arietinum as an outstanding deep-water species. This is substantiated by the Car- negie observations, which show the species much more frequent at the 100-meter level than at 50 meters or the surface (table 29). It was least frequent at the surface. Table 29. Records of occurrence of C. arietinum at three levels Depth in meters Rare 23 5.6 24 : 8 Occasional 6 1.6 13 4.6 11 a5) Common 1 0.3 2 0.7 1 4 Abundant 1 0.3 1 0.4 OMN cox s5 Total 31 7.8 40 14.2 52 20.5 A=Number of records. B=Per cent of total number of samples collected at that depth. As indicated by the wide range of the species, it is a rather eurythermal form. In the Atlantic it occurred at surface temperatures ranging from 11° to 27°5 C. In the Pacific the range was greater; from 6°9 (northeast of Japan) to 29°5 C (in the central tropics). The total ranges of environmental conditions in situ were: temperature, 1°6 to 29°5 C; salinity, 32.7 to 36.5 per mille, pH, 7.85 to 8.39; phosphate, 3 to 193 mg PO4/m3. The species was found more frequently in the richer waters. Only 17 of the 123 records of occurrence were from water containing less than 10 mg PO4/m3. 36. Ceratium declinatum Karsten Figures 16Q-T, 17A-C, chart 28, appendix table 33 This is a very variable, slightly tolerant tropical species. Jorgensen (1911, 1920) made several varieties among the variants of the species. Peters (1934) desig- nated three subspecies in his South Atlantic material; C. declinatum declinatum, C. declinatum angusticornum, and C. declinatum laticornum. Nielsen (1934) stated that he could not distinguish between Peters’ angusticornum and laticornum, and in his South Pacific material he rec- ognized only two ‘‘subspecies’’--declinatum and angusti- cornum. These two forms occurred in the same regions so they are not subspecies in the sense used by Peters, who found a certain geographic segregation of the vari- ants. When a world collection is studied, such as that of the Carnegie, it becomes evident that the species con- sists of a large number of intergrading units. The nam- ing of these serves no useful purpose. They are not subspecies so far as can be determined, since they oc- cur indiscriminately throughout the entire range of the species. Seven of these variants are shown in figures 16Q-T and 17A-C. Some of these can be identified with named forms of other authors. Thus, figure 16S is similar to Jorgensen’s var. majus; figure 16T to Peters’ laticornum; figure 16Q to declinatum; figures 17A to C to angusti- cornum; whereas figure 16R, with outturned right antap- ical, has not been named. In the Carnegie collection the species as a whole was found rather continuously throughout the warm Atlantic, warm Pacific, and southeast Pacific regions. Itoccurred at a total of ninety-eight stations--fourteen in the Atlan- tic and eighty-four in the Pacific. In the Atlantic it oc- curred at twelve stations in the warm Atlantic region and at one in the cold Atlantic region, where it doubtless was displaced by the Gulf Stream (station 3). In the Pacific it did not occur in the cold North Pacific region but was found off California at temperatures of 19°1 and 16°2 C at the northern part of the warm Pacific region. It oc- curred in the southern part of the southeast Pacific re- gion at stations where the surface temperatures were as low as 16°9 C. In the warm Pacific region it occurred where the surface temperatures were as high as 29°5 C. The environmental conditions in situ were as follows: temperature, 13°6 to 29°4 C; salinity, lity, 31.7 to 37.1 per mille; pH, 7.17 to 8.42; phosphate, 3 to 123 mg PO4/m3. The ubiquity of this species (within the tropics) is shown by the number of records, which was 204, of which 133 were rare, 67 occasional, and 4 common. Since it is a very small species, it was found more commonly inthe pump samples. It occurred in 87 (16 per cent) net sam- ples and 117 (32 per cent) pump samples. It seemed to show no preference for oligotrophic water. Seventy-six of the 204 records of occurrence were from water containing less than 10 mg PO4/m3. Nielsen (1934) stated that C. declinatum is definitely a surface form. The Carnegie records show a decrease in frequency with increase in depth (see table 30), but by no means do they indicate that the species is exclusively Table 30. Records of occurrence of C. declinatum at three levels Depth in meters B Rare 60 15.6 36 Lutes ist 14.5 Occasional 34 8.8 19 6.7 14 5.5 Common 3 0.8 OF” fereass 1 0.4 Total 97 25:2) 055 19743) 252 20.4 A=Number of records. B=Per cent of total number of samples collected at that depth. ‘ CERATIUM SPECIES OF CARNEGIE COLLECTION 33 a surface form even when due correction is made for contamination of the deeper net hauls. For instance, it was found in 25 percent of the surface samples, but also in 21 per cent of the 100-meter samples. 37.. Ceratium gibberum Gourret Figures 17D-G, chart 29, appendix table 34 This is a common, slightly tolerant tropical species which occurs rather uniformly throughout the warm waters of the world. Two varieties or subspecies are usually recognized. One,f. dispar Pouchet (fig. 17D), has a strongly curved right antapical horn and is com- mon, whereas the other, f. subaequale Jorgensen (fig. 17F), has regularly curved horns and is rare. The latter was found by Peters (1934) in the South Atlantic in dif- ferent regions, but it has not been reported before for the Pacific. In the Carnegie collections one specimen of this form was found (fig. 17F). This occurred off Japan at station 114; depth, 50 meters; temperature in situ, 16°2C. In f. dispar there is considerable variation in the height of the epitheca, curvature of horn, and placement of apical horn, but no further segregation of the group could be made. The Pacific and Atlantic specimens ap- peared to be identical. A two-celled chain was found at station 48 at 100 meters (fig. 17E). The species was found at a total of 115 stations--23 in the Atlantic and 92 in the Pacific. It was found at all but three stations in the warm Atlantic region, but not outside this region in the Atlantic (chart 29). In the Pa- cific it was found almost continuously at the stations in the warm Pacific region. It also occurred atten stations in the southeast Pacific region, but was absent from the cold North Pacific region. The total number of sample records for the species was 297, with 179 rare, 105 occasional, and 13 common. Of the total number, 221 were net records and 76 were pump records. The environmental conditions in situ were: temper- ature, 14°0 to 29°3 C; salinity, 29.7 to 37.0 per mille; pH, 7.17 to 8.47; phosphate, 2 to 178 mg PO4/m3. Nielsen (1934) found that C. gibberum hadits main vertical distribution above 50 meters. The Carnegie data show that the species occurs more frequently in the upper layers, with a decrease in frequency down to 100 meters (table 31). Table 31. Records of occurrence of C. gibberum at three levels Depth in meters B Rare 75 19.4 56 20.0 48 18.9 Occasional 58 T0925 Bt9r- B22 8.7 Common il 1.8 4 1.4 2 0.8 Total 140 1s) s{Oash YP 28.4 A=Number of records. B=Per cent of total number of samples collected at that depth. 38. Ceratium concilians Jorgensen Figures 17H-I, chart 30, appendix table 35 This species was formerly included in C. gibberum put was separated by Jorgensen (1920) and this separation has been accepted by later workers (Peters, 1934; Niel- sd sen, 1934). Bdhm (1931), however, figured C. gibberum under the caption of C. concilians Jorgensen. Peters (1934) considered this species to be an indi- cator of warm oligotrophic water in the South Atlantic. Nielsen (1934), however, found that in the South Pacific the species is found as much in eutrophic oceanic water as in oligotrophic oceanic water. It did, however, seem to avoid neritic conditions. In the Carnegie collection in the Pacific it was found in both eutrophic and oligotroph- ic water. This feature could not be considered for the Atlantic as it was found at only one station there (in oli- gotrophic water). On the Carnegie cruise it was found in eutrophic water in the southeastern Pacific, again off Peru, and off California. On the other hand, it occurred in many waters poor in plankton and nutrients. Thus, thirty of the seventy-five records of occurrence for the species were in water containing less than 10 mg PO4/m3. It must be concluded that C. concilians is not limited to one type of water. The species is not very common. In the Carnegie collection it was found at a total of forty-two stations, only one of which was in the Atlantic. The number of sample records was seventy-five, of which fifty-nine were rare, fourteen occasional, and two common. It is much less common than its close relative, C. gibberum. Since it is a fairly large form, it was found more fre- quently in the net samples. There were forty-seven net records and twenty-eight pump records. The range of surface temperatures for the species is rather large for a tropical form, namely, from 16°4 (station 128) to 29°4 C (station 95). The ranges of en- vironmental conditions in situ were: temperature, 12°1 to 29°3 C; salinity, 33.0 to 36.4 per mille; pH, 7.71 to 8.47; phosphate, 3 to 198 mg PO4/m3. Nielsen (1934) designated C. concilians as a surface form. According to the Carnegie data, however, it is found about equally at the surface, 50 meters, and 100 meters (see table 32). Table 32. Records of occurrence of C. concilians at three levels Depth in meters Rare 24 5:3 17 6.0 18 (A Occasional 8 2.0 4 1.4 2 0.8 Common 0.5 0 ae. 0 wee Total 34 7.8 21 7.4 20 7.9 A=Number of records. B=Per cent of total number of samples collected at that depth. A form was found at station 130 (fig. 171) which has rather regular antapical horns and thus represents a va- riety of C. concilans corresponding to var. subaequale of C. gibberum. 39. Ceratium lunula Schimper Figures 17J-N, chart 31, appendix table 36 Two formsof this species are commonly recognized; f. brachyceros with short apical horn and comparatively long antapicals; and f. magaceros with somewhat shorter antapicals but with long apical horn. The latter form 34 CERATIUM IN THE PACIFIC AND NORTH ATLANTIC OCEANS represents the anterior cell of a chain, whereas f. brachy- ceros represents the remaining cells inthe chain. It is inconsistent to name the two elements of a chain in this species alone as similar differences occur in the anteri- or and following cells of the other species as well. In the Atlantic the species is distributed over the warm Atlantic region, extending to latitude 39° north, but it is absent from the cold North Atlantic region. The distribution of C. lunula at Carnegie stations in the Pacific is unique among the Ceratium species (chart 31). It is similar to that of C. breve but even more re- stricted (see p. 27). It is definitely a tropical species and its distribution within the limits of 17° south and 20° north latitude is fairly continuous. It was not found out- side these limits except in the western Pacific, where it extended in a continuous line to about 38° north off Japan (station 115). It was conspicuously absent in the loop of stations between the United States and Hawaii. It was also notably absent from all the stations in the south- eastern Pacific south of 20° south. An explanation for this peculiar distribution is difficult to find. Certainly it has no relation to temperature as many of the stations where it does not occur have much higher temperatures than many of the stations where it was found. The nutri- ent content of the water cannot be a determining factor either. The area north and east of the Hawaiian Islands is extremely oligotrophic but so also is the region be- tween Japan and Guam in the western Pacific, where the species was found in large numbers. Conversely, many stations in the southeast Pacific region are in eutrophic water and yet did not support this species. Is it possible that this species normally is confined within 20° of the equator in the Pacific except off Japan where it is dis- placed by the Kuroshio, or are the Carnegie records not representative ? Peters (1934) did not find C. lunula southof 30° south latitude in the South Atlantic. The records of the Dana (Nielsen, 1934) for the South Pacific fit in well with the distribution compiled from Carnegie data. Most of the Dana records duplicate records of the Carnegie between Panama and Samoa but its records extend somewhat west of Samoa. Nielsen, however, did not find the species south of 20° south. Thus, it is probable that the Carne- gie records are representative and that the species nor- mally is as restricted as these records indicate. Since the species is displaced northward off Japan, it is sur- prising that it is not also displaced southward in the region of Easter Island. The total number of station records for the species in the Carnegie collection was sixty-eight, of which twelve were from the Atlantic and fifty-sixfrom the Pacific. The total number of sample records was 144, of which 88 were rare, 52 occasional, and 4 common. The species was found much more frequently in the net samples, with 121 net records and only 23 pump records. Thirty of the 144 records were in water containing lessthan 10mg PO4/m3. Ceratium lunula was always found in water of high temperature. In the Atlantic the surface temperatures at its stations were all above 24° C, except one which was 20°5 C. In the Pacific the surface temperatures were above 20° except at one station off Japan, where it was 19°9 and at the Galapagos where it was 18:7 C. The ranges of environmental conditions in situ were: temper- ature, 11°4 to 29°3 C; salinity, 29.7 to 37.0 per mille; pH, 7.71 to 8.47; phosphate 3 to 220 mg PO4/m3. Ceratium lunula is probably a shade species which comes to the surface in waters rich in plankton. Nielsen (1934) found it in the deeper hauls in the stations poor in plankton. Jorgensen (1920) found it at greater depths in the Mediterranean during the summer months. The Car- negie records, not segregated according to richness of plankton, show the highest percentage of records at 50 meters and a greater percentage at 100 meters than at the surface (table 33). These records thus corroborate the classification of this species as a shade form. Table 33. Records of occurrence of C. lunula at three levels Depth in meters B Rare 35 9.1 30 10.75, 128 9.0 Occasional 15 3.9 24 EEE} als} 5.2 Common 3 0.8 (Viaper eae 1 0.4 Total 53 13.8 54 19237 14.6 A=Number of records. B=Per cent of total number of samples collected at that depth. 40. Ceratium carnegiei n. sp. Figures 18A-C Transdiameter 92.5 (90 to 100) microns (six speci- mens measured). Curvature of antapical horns similar to that in C. lunula. Apical horn long and straight or slightly curved to right. Body of epitheca slightly to greatly inflated. In extreme cases the walls are parallel for about one transdiameter from the girdle, at which point they may be expanded to greater than girdle diam- eter. Body walls thick and covered with numerous lists as in the heavy specimens of C. lunula. The species was found at four stations, all in the Pacific. At one of these, station 71 off Peru, the body was not much inflated. The most extreme cases were found at the warmer stations, stations 151, 152, and 158. It occurred at the surface at station 71, but at 50- and 100-meter depths at the other stations. The surface tem- peratures at the stations where it was found, varied from 23°5 to 28°2C. The environmental conditions insitu were: temperature, 12°5 to 27°6C; salinity, 35.9 to 34.0 per mille; pH, 7.87 to 8.39; phosphate, 48 to 58 mg PO4/m3. 41. Ceratium contortum Cleve Figures 18D-N, chart 32, appendix table 37 There has been much confusion in the literal re- garding of the taxonomy of both C. contortum Cleve and» C. karstenii Pavillard (C. arcuatum Cleve). After a thorough study of the extensive material of the Carnegie collection, the writers came to the conclusion that these two species represent variants of a single species. The difficulties of previous workers probably have been owing in large part to the fact that they were attempting to dif- ferentiate between these two forms when in fact they do not exist and the separation is an artifical one. Thus, Jorgensen (1911) in his monograph gives C. karstenii, C. longinum, and C. contortum as distinct spe- cies. Ceratium contortum is characterized by slightly distorted body and slightly inward-bent right antapical horn, except in var. saltans Schroder, which has a very CERATIUM SPECIES OF CARNEGIE COLLECTION 35 decidedly distorted body and sharply bent right antapical horn. Jorgensen’s figure of C. karstenii (fig. 117a), however, shows a specimen with a curled right antapical horn, which is certainly to be considered a double bend- ing and represents a zone of instability in the same po- sition as the bending in the horn of contortum. He rep- resented C. longinum as more slender than C. karstenii and with longer and straight antapical horns. He also separated from C. karstenii, var. robustum, a variety which is more robust than the main species and has shorter and straight antapical horns. This form resem- bles C. tripos. Later, Jorgensen (1920) found all intergrades between C. karstenii and var. robustum so he no longer consid- ered it even a good variety. Peters (1934) treated C. longinum as a variety of C. karstenii. He apparently considered saltans a distinct variety of C. contortum, but does not give a figure of the main species. Hisfiguresof C.karstenii andC. contortum (figs. 10e and g, plate 2) show equally distorted bodies. Nielsen (1934), in his study of the Dana South Pacific material, treated C. karstenii and C. contortum sepa- rately. He agreed with Peters (1934), however, that var- robustum cannot be separated from C. karstenii. He stated that he did not find C. longinum in his collections but his figure of C. contortum f. subcontortum (fig. 52) answers well to this form. He considered it a shade form of C. contortum. n In the Carnegie collections every possible intergrade was found between C. contortum, C. longinum, and C. karstenii, and the varieties robustum and saltans (see fig. 18). There are heavy forms and light forms; some with long horns and some with short. There are speci- mens with kinked horns, but not much distorted body; and, on the other hand, specimens with regular body, but bent horns. The right antapical may bend in or out, or may trail off in an attenuated manner. The extreme forms were represented by var. saltans and usually were smaller than the others and it was thought for a while that a separation of two species could be made on this basis. After measuring many specimens from all local- ities, however, it was found that this was impossible. There is indeed a great variation in size. The transdi- ameters range from 52microns in the smaller specimens of saltans to 110 microns in the more robust specimens. There was no segregation into size groups, however; the greatest number of specimens had transdiameters rang- ing between 70 and 85 microns. Ceratium contortum is a common, slightly tolerant tropical species. It was found at practically all stations in the warm Atlantic, warm Pacific, and southeast Pa- cific regions, but was completely absent from the cold North Atlantic and cold Pacific regions (chart 32). Nielsen (1934) listed C. longinum Karsten as an At- lantic form absent from the Pacific. It occurred in the Carnegie collection, however, at many stations in the Pacific. The commonness of the species is shown by the large number of sample records, namely, 461, of which 194 were rare, 178 occasional, 84 common, and 5 abun- dant. The net records for the species totaled 327; the pump records, 134. The range of surface temperatures at the stations where the species occurred, varied from 1653 to 29°5C. The ranges of environmental conditions in situ were: temperature, 11°4 to 29°4 C; salinity, 30.0 to 37.1 per mille; pH, 7.17 to 8.47; phosphate, 2 to 138mg PO4/m3. Many of the specimens have attenuated and sometimes curved antapical horns which are extremely thin-walled. It is probable that this is an adjustment to shade condi- tions. Nielsen (1934) considered the subcontortum form longinum ?) a shade form of C. contortum. In the Car- negie material var. saltans showed a greater frequency at greater depths than did the more regular:y-shaped forms. Although the more robust forms sometimes oc- curred with thin antapicals, this condition was much more common in the saltans group. In the others the larger specimens were much more predominantly sur- face forms. Among the specimens more than 80 microns in diameter, there were twice as many surface records as 50-meter records and very few at 100 meters. Of the specimens less than 80 microns in diameter, the number of records at the surface and 50 meters was about equal, although the number at 100 meters was almost negligible. Among saltans, too, the greatest frequency was at the surface. The percentages for the species as a whole show a predominance at the surface (see table 34). Table 34. Records of occurrence of C. contortum at three levels Depth in meters B Rare 95 Ae (® Ey! 19.2 45 Wie Occasional 80 PLE ER} 18.7 45 EH Common 34 8.8 33 Vat aNyY 6.7 Abundant 4 0.2 OV ee 1 0.4 Total 213 57.4 140 49.6 108 42.5 A=Number of records. B=Per cent of total number of samples collected at that depth. 42. Ceratium limulus Gourret Figure 19A, chart 33, appendix table 38 This is a rather rare intolerant tropical species which is quite characteristic and not very variable. Peters (1934) considered this species an indicator of warm oligotrophic water in the South Atlantic; but Niel- sen (1934) found it in both oligotrophic and eutrophic water in the South Pacific, with its greatest abundance in eutrophic water. In the Carnegie collection it was found only in oligotrophic water in the Atlantic, but in both eu- trophic and oligotrophic water in the Pacific. Is it pos- sible that the Atlantic form is less adaptable in this re- gard than the Pacific form? The species was found at fifty-five stations--nine in the Atlantic and forty-six in the Pacific. The Atlantic stations were confined to the warm Atlantic region where the surface temperatures were high (from 24°8 to 27°6 C) and the nutrient content of the water was low. The phosphate values for the upper 50 meters were all below 11 mg PO4/m3. In the Pacific the stations were confined to the warm Pacific region for the most part, although there were six stations in the southeast Pacific region. The range of conditions at the Pacific stations was much greater than those at the Atlantic stations. For instance, the surface temperatures varied from 18°7 to 29°3 C, and the mean phosphate value for the upper 50 meters varied from 4 to 83 mg PO4/m3. It should be noted, how- ever, that all stations were remote from continents. 36 CERATIUM IN THE PACIFIC AND NORTH ATLANTIC OCEANS The ranges of environmental conditions in situ for the species at all stations were as follows: temperature, 13°8 to 28°2 C; salinity, 33.9 to 36 per mille; pH, 8.47 to 7.80; phosphate, 4 to 150 mg PO4/m3. Thirty of the eighty-eight records were from water containing less than 10 mg PO4/m3. The total number of sample records for the species was eighty-eight, of which eighty-five were rare and three occasional. There was a large proportionof pump records owing to the small size of the species (thirty- nine pump records and forty-nine net records). Ceratium limulus apparently lives at various depths but is found somewhat more frequently in the upper ley- els. Bohm (1931) found it in the Adriatic as deep as 200 meters. Nielsen (1934) found it predominantly in the 50- to 0-meter samples. In the Carnegie collection the spe- cies was found with decreasing frequency with increase in depth to 100 meters (table 35), although the frequency at 100 meters (in percentage) was more than half that at the surface. Table 35. Records of occurrence of C. limulus at three levels Depth in meters Rare 39 10.1 28 9.9 18 tial Occasional 2 0.6 ul 0.4 0 eee Total 41 TOR) W295 0F3 18 7.1 A=Number of records. B=Per cent of total number of samples collected at that depth. 43. Ceratium paradoxides Cleve Figure 19B, chart 34, appendix table 39 This is a rare intolerant tropical species. Peters (1934) found it in both oligotrophic and eutrophic water in the South Atlantic. Nielsen (1934) found it scattered over the region traversed by the Dana from Panama to Australia. It is never common and its distributional rec- ords are discontinuous for this reason. In the Carnegie collection the species was found at sixty-four stations--thirteen in the Atlantic and fifty-one in the Pacific. In the Atlantic the stations were confined to the warm Atlantic region. In the Pacific they were restricted to the warm Pacific region and the southeast Pacific region (see chart 34). There were ninety-one records of occurrence, of which eighty were rare and eleven occasional. Sixty-six of these records were from net samples and twenty-five were from pump samples. Nielsen (1934) stated that C. paradoxides is a shade species, and this is corroborated by the Carnegie obser- vations. In fact, its vertical distribution is most decid- edly stratified. As shown in table 36, there were only six records for the surface samples (representing only 1.6 per cent of the samples), whereas the species was found in 22.8 per cent of the 100-meter samples. The surface temperatures at the stations where C. paradoxides occurred in the Atlantic varied from 20°5 to 27°6 C; in the Pacific from 19° to 29°5 C. The environ- mental conditions in situ were as follows: temperature, 12/1 to 29°3 C; salinity, 33.4 to 37.0 per mille; pH, 7.17 to 8.39; phosphate, 4 to 123 mg PO4/m3. It was found in both eutrophic and oligotrophic water. Thirty-four of the ninety-one records were in water containing less than 10 mg PO4/m3. Table 36. Records of occurrence of C. paradoxides at three levels Depth in meters Rare 5 15S 26 9.2 49 19.3 Occasional 1 0.3 1 0.4 9 3.5 Total 6 1.6 27 9.6 58 22.8 A=Number of records. B=Per cent of total number of samples collected at that depth. 44. Ceratium platycorne Daday Figures 19C-H, chart 35, appendix table 40 This is a rare, slightly tolerant tropical species. Varieties of the species have been described, but these are of no particular importance. Variety cuneatum Jor- gensen is not distinguishable from the main species. Its shorter truncated antapical horns probably are owing to autotomy or accidental breaking of the distal part of the horns. It is probable that the jagged edges of these horns never represent the original condition. Figure 19D shows a specimen with broken (truncate) right ant- apical which is shorter than the left. The right is nor- mally longer than the left. Variety lamellicorne is some- what more distinct. Nielsen (1934) found it quite distinct in the Dana collections. It is, however, simply anarrow- horned variant and intergrades are not absent (fig. 19G). Ceratium platycorne is widespread over the tropi- cal waters of the world and is sometimes displaced by currents. It has been found by others in the northern waters of the Atlantic (Paulsen, 1908; Lebour, 1925). In the Carnegie collection it occurred off Iceland, with a surface temperature of 12°44 C. Otherwise, in the At- lantic it was confined to the warm Atlantic region, with surface temperatures above 20° C. In the Pacific it was limited to the warm Pacific and southeast Pacific re- gions, with surface temperatures ranging from 19°27 to 28°74 C. The ranges of environmental conditions in situ were: temperature, 12°4 to 27°6C; salinity, 34.1 to 37.0 per mille; pH, 7.87 to 8.39; phosphate, 4 to 152 mg PO4/m3. Peters (1934) found C. platycorne widespread in oligotrophic water in the South Atlantic, and Nielsen (1934) found it in the entire region between Panama and Australia. In the Carnegie collection it did not show any preference for one type of water. Eighteen of the fifty- three records of occurrence were from water containing less than 10 mg PO4/m3. The species is not common. There were only forty- three stations at which it was found, of which fourteen were in the Atlantic and twenty-nine in the Pacific. The total number of records (fifty-three) is relatively small. Of these, forty-four were rare, eight occasional, and one common. There were thirty-eight net records, and fifteen pump records. Ceratium platycorne is distinctly a shade species. The records indicate this even more definitely than in CERATIUM SPECIES OF CARNEGIE COLLECTION 37 the case of C. paradoxides. Of the fifty-three records, only one was from the surface, whereas there were thir - teen from 50 meters, and thirty-nine from 100 meters. The percentages are even more siriking (table 37). Table 37. Records of occurrence of C. platycorne at three levels Depth in meters B Rare 1 0.3 11 3.9 32 12.6 Occasional 0 prema, Ge Toa Le wm ela ay munity He eed Uy bib rang ee se Coty Fyfe Co P we ete eet a “Stan : i ‘hide Pi) He ‘ A ; | My ms ae | a A | ; | i oe oe an in the i ' ere bead v; > FE:. Dt rh. by Was isle Hi é rt. Pi i & ‘eur yd rik opus Me scrip Obed re 8 aA) (Aj! oll ve cesta bumipine teal Agi it rey otha. iA Ay yee Edson d aT ere . S72, Areal ay ie Per 7 ; hire 4 Jan : i ae | ! i wl OW, als 7 ww ‘i> ee Te y : iat or, ¢ ae © a , hl co ah mon oo mugheg al icine ala tote af Ma ci Ap GD PE ; a Peseta) No iitay A M1, Say LY 4s > Windex|) Sion Cares Nein nel -e rst (ie Ai ae ary rarer iA hae aw Wied, PMS, Os Ce. BPO ysli Da SMe ey <> ; 4, FAG M0) 1g avin, ¢ ae ef Muay | oT last ae, ty tle | . ‘ Liye ne Sil hb j ¥ : , a y ih is F ; ve i ‘a Table 1. Distributional and environmental records for Ceratium praelongum 159 990 159 991 11/11/29 11/11/29 5/12/28 24.0 36.2 8.16 34 1b 7 r n 5/16/28 (22.2 36.3 8.21 38) 15 101 50 3 n 8/11/28 19.8 36.5 8.21 15 102 100 r n 8/11/28 18.4 36.4 8.20 19 16 104 50 r p 8/13/28 24.4 36.4 8.23 8 16 108 100 r n 8/13/28 19.9 36.5 8.17 13 19 121 50 r p 8/20/28 25.2 37.1 8.27 5 31 191 0 r n 10/ 3/28 28.5 34.4 8.27 2 33 198A 50 r p 10/ 8/28 28.2 36.2 8.24 4 47 267 50 r n 11/23/28 23.8 36.0 8.23 20 47 268 100 r n 11/23/28 22.7 36.2 8.23 20 47 269 0 rr p 11/23/28 23.9 36.0 8.23 17 48 273 100 r n 11/25/28 22.7 36.3 8.26 16 49 278 50 r n 11/27/28 22.6 36.1 8.26 13 55 327 50 r p 12/16/28 18.7 35.0 8.18 12 56 329 50 r n 12/18/28 18.5 35.1 8.14 9 56 330 100 r n 12/18/28 16.6 34.8 8.11 12 69 424 0 r n 1/12/29 21.1 35.2 8.12 62 76 471 50 r p 2/16/29 22.1 35.9 8.14 42 77 472 50 oc p 2/18/29 23.5 36.0 8.19 16 81 491 0 r n 2/26/29 26.5 35.8 8.19 38 81 492 50 r n 2/26/29 26.4 35.9 8.19 38 81 493 0 re p 2/26/29 26.5 35.8 8.19 38 85 511 50 r n 3/ 6/29 27.8 36.2 8.22 40 87 522 50 r n 3/11/29 26.5 36.1 8.26 20 95 568A 0 r n 4/25/29 (29.4 34.7 8.26 14) 96 569 50 r n 4/26/29 29.2 35.3 8.23 12 96 572 50 r p 4/26/29 29.2 35.3 8.23 12 97 575 50 r n 4/28/29 28.0 35.4 8.16 21 98 581 0 r n 4/30/29 27.0 35.3 8.16 24 98 583 100 r n 4/30/29 26.7 35.4 8.14 32 98 584 0 T p 4/30/29 27.0 35.3 8.16 24 98 588 0-100 oc p 4/30/29 26.7 35.4 8.14 32 99 590 50 oc n 5/ 2/29 27.8 34.9 8.22 12 99 591 100 oc n 5/ 2/29 27.8 35.0 8.22 17 100 596 50 oc n 5/ 4/29 27.6 34.7 8.21 10 100 597 100 oc n 5/ 4/29 27.6 34.7 8.22 12 100 599 50 r p 5/ 4/29 27.6 34.7 8.21 10 100 602 100 ie p 5/ 4/29 27.6 34.7 8.22 12 101 604 50 r n 5/ 7/29 26.2 34.7 8.24 8 102 610 50 r n 5/ 9/29 25.8 35.0 8.24 8 102 611 100 r n 5/ 9/29 25.6 35.0 8.23 8 109 656 100 r n 5/29/29 19.4 34.8 8.18 5 112 675 50 oc n 6/ 5/29 21.7 34.6 8.23 7 113 681 50 r n 6/25/29 23.8 34.6 8.25 5 113 684 50 r p 6/25/29 23.8 34.6 8.25 5 114 687 50 r n 6/27/29 16.2 34.6 8.04 63 132 803 100 r p 9/ 8/29 14.3 33.4 8.30 16 152 945 50 r n 10/27/29 14.2 34.5 7.87 53 152 949 50 r p 10/27/29 14.2 34.5 7.87 53 153 955 0 rr p 10/29/29 28.1 34.2 8.47 7 153 956 50 r p 10/29/29 28.1 34.4 8.39 7 154 958 0 r n 10/31/29 28.3 34.2 8.39 7 155 965 0 oc n 11/ 2/29 27.8 34.9 8.29 29 155 966 50 r n 11/ 2/29 27.7 34.9 8.30 30 155 967 100 oc n 11/ 2/29 27.2 35.0 8.30 35 156 972 0 oc n 11/ 4/29 27.6 35.0 8.34 28 156 973 50 r n 11/ 4/29 27.0 35.1 8.37 46 157 978 0 oc n 11/ 6/29 27.1 35.3 8.27 47 157 979 50 oc n 11/ 6/29 27.1 35.2 8.32 60 157 980 100 oc n 11/ 6/29 26.8 35.5 8.30 64 158 983 0 oc n 11/ 8/29 28.2 35.6 8.34 36 158 984 50 oc n 11/ 8/29 28.2 35.6 8.39 50 158 985 100 oc n 11/ 8/29 27.6 35.9 8.39 48 n 8.37 15 n 8.39 15 n 8.44 16 160 1003 11/13/29 49 50 CERATIUM IN THE PACIFIC AND NORTH ATLANTIC OCEANS Table 2. Distributional and environmental records for Ceratium cephalotum Depth Relative Appa- Temperature | Salinity oot Sane (o) fefee) aes 100 n 5/16/28 (20.3 36.5 8.18 36) 16° 108 100 : n 8/13/28 19.9 36.5 8.17 13 48 273 100 r n 11/25/28 22.7 36.3 8.26 16 83 501 0 5 n 3/ 2/29 27.5 36.3 8.24 29 89 529 50 i n 3/23/29 28.6 35.8 8.27 12 90 533 0 r n 3/25/29 28.5 35.5 8.27 21 90 534 50 oc n 3/25/29 28.6 35.6 8.26 21 91 540 0 oc n 3/27/29 28.7 35.1 8.30 21 91 541 50 oc n 3/27/29 28.5 35.2 8.30 24 92 545 0 r n 3/29/29 28.5 35.3 8.29 28 93 551 50 r n 3/31/29 28.5 34.8 8.30 28 95 563 50 r n 4/24/29 29.3 34.9 8.24 16 96 569 50 r n 4/26/29 29.2 35.3 8.23 12 101 605 100 r n 5/ 1/29 25.2 35.1 8.23 8 103 615 0 i n 5/11/29 26.0 35.0 8.25 5 103 616 50 r n 5/11/29 25.8 35.2 8.25 5 103 617 100 r n 5/11/29 24.8 35.2 8.25 5 104 623 100 i n 5/13/29 25.3 35.3 8.21 if 105 628 50 r n 5/15/29 26.8 34.9 8.23 5 108 648 100 r n 5/27/29 25.2 35.0 8.23 4 109 656 100 r n 5/29/29 19.4 34.8 8.18 5 113 681 50 r n 6/25/29 23.8 34.6 8.25 5 132 797 0 r n 9/ 8/29 21.0 33.9 8.34 15 133 804 0 r n 9/10/29 22.7 34.7 8.47 7 134 808 0 r n 9/12/29 22.9 34.7 8.34 6 135 826 100 r p 9/14/29 18.7 34.8 8.34 5 136 827 0 r n 9/16/29 24.6 35.4 8.37 3 136 828 50 rr n 9/16/29 21.4 35.1 8.39 3 140 860 0 r p 10/ 3/29 26.9 35.0 8.42 7 141 864 0 r n 10/ 5/29 25.9 35.2 8.34 5 141 865 50 r n 10/ 5/29 24.8 35.3 8.34 5 142 874 100 r n 10/ 7/29 16.6 34.4 8.27 u 142 876 r p 10/ 7/29 24.1 34.8 8.33 5 143 883 100 r n 10/ 9/29 13.8 34.1 8.30 10 144 886 0 r n 10/11/29 23.3 35.0 8.37 6 145 892 100 r n 10/13/29 16.0 34.1 8.31 6 146 898 100 r n 10/15/29 19.7 34.3 8.26 7 147 905 100 r n 10/17/29 19.2 35.0 8.29 5 150 931 100 r n 10/23/29 19.6 34.6 8.32 11 Table 3. Distributional and environmental records for Ceratium gravidum Depth Relative Appa- Temperature Salinity PO4 1 1 r n 5/12/28 24.0 36.2 8.16 34 1b 6 r n 5/16/28 22.3 36.3 8.20 46 1b 7 50 oc n 5/16/28 22.2 36.4 8.21 39 1b 8 100 oc n 5/16/28 20.3 35.5 8.18 36 15 98 50 r p 8/11/28 19.8 36.5 8.21 8 15 99 100 r p 8/11/28 18.4 36.4 8.20 19 15 101 50 oc n 8/11/28 19.8 36.5 8.21 8 15 102 100 r n 8/11/28 18.4 36.4 8.20 19 16 107 50 r n 8/13/28 24.4 36.4 8.23 8 16 108 100 r n 8/13/28 19.9 36.5 8.17 13 18 116 100 r p 8/17/28 20.4 36.8 8.21 5 18 119 100 oc n 8/17/28 20.4 36.8 8.21 5 19 124 100 oc n 8/20/28 22.4 37.0 8.25 5 20 129 50 r n 8/22/28 25.8 36.6 8.26 3 20 130 100 oc n 8/22/28 22.6 36.7 8.19 5 22 143 50 r n 8/27/28 24.5 36.2 8.21 9 23 149 50 r n 8/29/28 20.9 36.0 8.14 13 24 155 50 oc n 8/31/28 23.1 36.0 8.14 8 25 158 50 r p 9/ 3/28 21.5 36.0 8.22 12 25 161 50 oc n 9/ 3/28 ibis) 36.0 8.22 12 25 161 50 r n 9/ 3/28 21.5 36.0 8.22 12 25 162 100 r n 9/ 3/28 14.6 35.7 7.93 121 26 164 50 r p 9/ 5/28 24.1 36.1 8.21 5 27 168 50 r p 9/ 7/28 26.0 36.2 8.30 4 27 171 50 oc n 9/ 7/28 26.0 36.2 8.30 4 27 171 50 oc n 9/ 7/28 26.0 36.2 8.30 4 28 177 50 r n 9/11/28 26.7 36.3 8.26 4 30 189 50 r n 9/15/28 27.8 36.1 8.29 3 31 192 50 7 n 10/ 3/28 28.2 35.4 8.23 2 APPENDIX 51 Table 4. Distributional and environmental records for Ceratium digitatum Depth Relative Appa- Temperature | Salinity PO4 25 158 50 r p 9/ 3/28 2125 36.0 8.22 12 26 164 50 r p 9/ 5/28 24.1 36.1 8.21 5 45 257 50 r n 11/19/28 22.4 35.2 8.13 46 46 265 50 r p 11/21/28 23.2 35.3 8.16 40 49 279 100 r n 11/27/28 21.6 35.9 8.26 13 49a 283 0 r n 11/28/28 (23.2 36.0 8.23 13) 50 287 0 r p 11/29/28 23.2 36.0 8.23 13 52 302 0 x p 12/ 3/28 22.5 35.4 8.21 8 53 305 100 r Mees. 0/28 19.9 35.6 8.19 13 54 322 0 r p 12/14/28 23.4 35.5 8.22 9 78 478 0 r Pp 2/20/29 24.6 36.0 8.17 32 83 502 50 ie n 3/ 2/29 27.4 36.5 8.24 25 92 546 50 r n 3/29/29 28.4 35.4 8.29 28 95 564 100 r n 4/24/29 28.5 35.4 8.22 21 99 591 100 iP n 5/ 2/29 27.8 35.0 8.22 17 100 596 50 r n 5/ 4/29 27.6 34.7 8.21 10 102 611 100 r n 5/ 9/29 25.6 35.0 8.23 8 102 612 0 r p 5/ 9/29 25.8 35.0 8.24 8 105 629 100 r n 5/15/29 25.2 35.1 8.23 5 107 641 100 r n 5/19/29 26.8 34.9 8.23 11 136 829 100 r D 9/16/29 18.6 35.0 8.39 3 140 858 100 r n 10/ 3/29 25.5 35.0 8.34 7 145 891 50 r n 10/13/29 18.7 34.3 8.34 6 147 905 100 r n 10/17/29 19.2 35.0 8.29 5 151 939 100 r n 10/26/29 12.5 SAt 6 scene tas 155 967 100 r n 11/ 2/29 27.2 35.0 8.30 35 Table 5. Distributional and environmental records for Ceratium candelabrum Depth Relative Appa- ity ; 1 1 0 oc n 5/12/28 24.0 36.2 8.16 34 la 4 0 r n 5/14/28 22.3 36.3 8.20 46 la 5 0 r n 5/14/28 22.3 36.3 8.20 46 1b 6 0 oc n 5/16/28 22.3 36.3 8.20 46 1b 7 50 oc n 5/16/28 22.2 36.3 8.20 39 2 14 0 r n 5/18/28 20.5 36.4 8.23 58 13a 89 0 Ps n 8/ 8/28 (16.3 34.0 8.14 15) 14 92 50 me p 8/ 9/28 15.0 35.1 8.18 16 14 93 0 ye p 8/ 9/28 21.2 35.2 8.18 11 14 95 50 r n 8/ 9/28 15.0 35.1 8.18 16 15 99 100 iy p 8/11/28 18.4 36.4 8.20 19 15 102 100 oc n 8/11/28 18.4 36.4 8.20 19 16 103 0 r p 8/13/28 25.9 36.2 8.24 8 16 104 50 r p 8/13/28 24.4 36.4 8.23 8 16 106 0 r n 8/13/28 25.9 36.2 8.24 8 16 107 50 r n 8/13/28 24.4 36.4 8.23 8 16 108 100 r n 8/13/28 19.9 36.5 8.17 13 17 109 0 oc p 8/15/28 26.2 36.6 8.29 9 17 111 0 Q n 8/15/28 26.2 36.6 8.29 9 17 112 50 r n 8/15/28 21.9 36.6 8.28 12 18 114 0 Ty p 8/17/28 27.0 37.0 8.23 5 18 115 50 oc p 8/17/28 22.4 36.8 8.24 5 18 116 100 Ve p 8/17/28 20.4 36.8 8.21 5 18 117 0 oc n 8/17/28 27.0 37.0 8.23 5 18 118 50 r n 8/17/28 22.4 36.8 8.24 5 19 123 50 r n 8/20/28 25.2 37.1 8.27 5 19 124 100 r n 8/20/28 22.4 37.0 8.25 5 20 126 50 vy p 8/22/28 25.8 36.6 8.26 3 20 128 0 r n 8/22/28 26.0 36.6 8.37 5 20 129 50 oc n 8/22/28 25.8 36.6 8.26 3 130 100 oc n 8/22/28 22.6 36.7 8.19 5 20-21 ushl c n 8/23/28 (26.6 36.3 8.32 4) 1 134 100 ic p 8/24/28 21.0 36.8 8.20 7 21 135 0 oc n 8/24/28 26.6 36.3 8.32 4 21 137 100 r n 8/24/28 21.0 36.8 8.20 7 22 139 0 oc p 8/27/28 26.7 36.0 8.26 8 22 143 50 r n 8/27/28 24.5 36.2 8.21 9 23 145 0 oc p 8/27/28 26.7 36.0 8.26 8 23 149 50 oc n 8/27/28 24.5 36.2 8.21 9 23 150 100 r n 8/29/28 16.6 36.0 8.18 75 24 152 50 r p 8/31/28 23.1 36.0 8.14 8 25 157 0 oc p 9/ 3/28 27.5 35.6 8.31 5 52 CERATIUM IN THE PACIFIC AND NORTH ATLANTIC OCEANS Table 5. Distributional and environmental records for Ceratium candelabrum--Continued Sample Depth Relative Appa- Temperature | Salinity (m) | abundance | ratus (“C) (0/00) PO4 m o Station 25 158 9/ 3/28 21.5 36.0 8.22 12 25 160 * e : 9/ 3/28 27.5 35.6 8.31 5 25 161 50 oc n 9/ 3/28 21.5 36.0 8.22 12 26 164 50 r p 9/ 5/28 24.1 36.1 8.21 5 26 165 100 r p 9/ 5/28 14.9 35.6 8.11 40° 27 171 50 r n 9/ 7/28 26.0 36.2 8.30 4 28 177 50 r n 9/11/28 - 26.7 36.3 8.26 4 30 189 50 r n 9/15/28 27.8 36.1 8.29 3 31 193 100 r n 10/ 3/28 23.4 36.5 8.19 28 32 194A 0 r p 10/ 5/28 28.0 36.0 8.23 2 32 195 50 r n 10/ 5/28 27.2 36.0 8.24 2 32 196 100 r n 10/ 5/28 22.2 36.4 8.10 30 33 197A 0 r p 10/ 8/28 28.5 35.6 8.23 4 34 200 0 oc n 10/ 9/28 28.5 35.9 8.28 2 34 200A 0 r p 10/ 9/28 28.5 35.9 8.28 2 34 201 100 oc n 10/ 9/28 20.5 36.6 8.16 16 35 205 100 r n 10/26/28 14.4 34.9 7.88 189 35 206 0 r p 10/26/28 27.4 29.7 8.31 15 35-36 209 0 r n 10/27/28 27.0 30.0 8.27 16 35-36 211 0 r n 10/27/28 27.0 30.0 8.27 16 36 213 0 r n 10/30/28 26.5 31.5 8.23 16 36 215 100 3 n 10/30/28 14.4 34.9 7.85 149 36 216 0 r p 10/30/28 26.5 31.5 8.23 16 37 218 50 re n 11/ 1/28 18.8 34.5 8.00 121 37 219 100 r n 11/ 1/28 15.1 34.9 7.82 153 40 232 0 r p 11/ 8/28 22.2 33.7 8.21 24 41 238 0 r p 11/10/28 20.4 34.2 8.11 32 4la 240 0 r n 11/12/28 (19.6 34.5 8.09 39) 43 244 0 r n 11/15/28 19.6 34.8 8.09 52 44 250 0 oc n 11/17/28 20.7 34.9 8.03 38 44 251 50 oc n 11/17/28 20.4 34.9 8.04 34 44 . 253 0 oc p 11/17/28 20.7 34.9 8.03 38 45 256 0 oc n 11/19/28 22.4 35.3 8.12 38 45 257 50 oc n 11/19/28 22.4 35.2 8.13 46 45 258 100 r n 11/19/28 18.6 35.1 8.00 50 45 259 0 r p 11/19/28 22.4 35.3 8.12 38 45 260 50 r p 11/19/28 22.4 35.2 8.13 46 46 261 0 r n 11/21/28 23.3 35.3 8.16 36 46 262 50 r n 11/21/28 23.2 35.3 8.16 40 46 263 100 oc n 11/21/28 22.5 35.4 8.17 40 46 264 0 oc p 11/21/28 23.3 35.3 8.16 36 47 266 0 r n 11/23/28 23.9 36.0 8.23 17 47 267 50 oc n 11/23/28 23.8 36.0 8.23 20 47 268 100 oc n 11/23/28 22.7 36.2 8.23 20 47 269 oc p 11/23/28 23.9 36.0 8.23 17 48 273 100 oc n 11/25/28 22.7 36.3 8.26 16 48 274 0 r p 11/25/28 23.6 36.4 8.23 13 49 278 50 r n 11/27/28 22.6 36.1 8.26 13 49 279 100 re n 11/27/28 21.6 35.9 8.26 13 50 285 50 r n 11/29/28 22.0 35.9 8.23 13 50 288 50 oc p 11/29/28 22.0 35.9 8.23 13 51 294 50 r n 12/ 1/28 20.5 35.6 8.22 17 51 295 100 r n 12/ 1/28 20.0 35.6 8.22 17 52 300 50 oc n 12/ 3/28 20.2 35.6 8.20 8 52 301 100 oc n 12/ 3/28 18.2 35.2 8.17 8 53 305 100 r n 12/ 5/28 19.9 35.6 8.19 13 54 320 50 oc n 12/14/28 19.8 35.4 8.18 17 54 321 100 oc n 12/14/28 18.7 35.4 8.16 20 55 324 50 oc n 12/16/28 18.7 35.0 8.18 12 55 325 100 oc n 12/16/28 16.7 34.9 Ul 12 56 328 0 oc n- 12/18/28 20.8 34.9 8.13 9 56 329 50 oc n 12/18/28 18.5 35.1 8.14 9 56 330 100 oc n 12/18/28 16.6 34.8 8.11 12 56 332 50 r p 12/18/28 18.5 35.1 8.14 9 56 333 100 r p 12/18/28 16.6 34.8 8.11 12 56-57 334 0 oc n 12/19/28 (19.0 34.5 | 8.14 20) 57 335 0 r n 12/20/28 19.0 34.5 8.14 20 57 336 50 oc n 12/20/28 15.6 34.3 8.14 21 57 337 100 r n 12/20/28 14.3 34.4 8.10 40 57 338 0 © p 12/20/28 19.0 34.5 8.14 20 57 340 100 r p 12/20/28 14.3 34.4 8.10 40 58 341 0 r n 12/22/28 17.0 34.0 8.12 20 58 342 50 r n 12/22/28 14.8 34.0 8.12 25 59 351 0 r p 12/24/28 16.3 34.0 8.10 38 61 363 0 oc n 12/28/28 16.9 34.0 8.05 46 61 364 50 r n 12/28/28 14.0 34.0 8.05 60 APPENDIX 53 Table 5. Distributional and environmental records for Ceratium candelabrum --Continued 61 365 r n 12/28/28 10.8 34.0 8.03 80 61 366 r p 12/28/28 16.9 34.0 8.05 46 61-62 369 0 oc n 12/29/28 ea 34.0 8.05 aa 61-62 370 0 c n 12/29/28 16.9 34.0 8.05 46 62 371 0 c n 12/30/28 19.2 34.2 8.12 32 62 372 50 c n 12/30/28 16.2 34.3 8.10 28 62 373 100 c n 12/30/28 13.1 34.2 8.06 48 62 374 0 oc p 12/30/28 19.2 34.2 8.12 32 62 375 50 r p 12/30/28 16.2 34.3 8.10 28 63 379 0 ve n 1/ 1/29 20.5 34.6 8.07 21 63 381 100 r n 1/ 1/29 15.6 34.6 8.08 24 63 384 100 r p 1/ 1/29 15.6 34.6 8.08 24 63-64 387 0 is n 1/ 2/29 20.5 34.6 8.07 a 63-64 390 0 r n 1/ 2/29 20.5 34.6 8.07 21 64 395 50 r D 1/ 3/29 17.2 34.6 8.12 29 64 396 100 G n 1/ 3/29 15.8 34.5 8.10 32 64-65 401 0 oc n 1/ 3/29 20.6 34.6 8.12 21 64-65 402 0 oc n 1/ 4/29 20.6 34.6 8.12 21 64-65 403 0 r n 1/ 4/29 20.6 34.6 8.12 21 64-65 404 0 ie n 1/ 4/29 20.6 34.6 8.12 21 65 408 0 r p 1/ 5/29 20.2 34.5 8.10 24 65 409 50 r p 1/ 5/29 16.5 34.5 8.10 25 66 415 100 r p 1/ 7/29 17.8 34.9 8.12 21 67 416 0 r n 1/ 8/29 19.3 34.9 8.11 21 67 418 100 oc n 1/ 8/29 16.2 34.6 8.05 40 73 452 100 r n 2/10/29 14.7 35.0 7.80 178 75 462 0 oc n 2/14/29 22.8 35.8 8.18 44 76 467 0 oc n 2/16/29 23.4 35.9 8.15 50 76 468 50 r n 2/16/29 22.1 35.9 8.14 42 76 469 100 r n 2/16/29 21.2 35.8 8.12 45 76 471 50 r p 2/16/29 22.1 35.9 8.14 42 77 474 50 oc p 2/18/29 23.5 36.0 8.19 16 78 475 0 oc n 2/20/29 24.6 36.0 8.17 32 78 476 50 oc n 2/20/29 23.8 36.1 8.14 32 78 4717 100 oc n 2/20/29 21.9 36.2 8.14 34 78 478 0 oc p 2/20/29 24.6 36.0 8.17 32 78 479 50 oc p 2/20/29 23.8 36.1 8.14 32 79 481 0 oc n 2/22/29 25.2 36.0 8.17 34 79 482 50 oc n 2/22/29 24.5 36.1 8.17 34 79 483 100 oc n 2/22/29 21.8 36.2 8.13 45 79 484 0 oc p 2/22/29 25.2 36.0 8.17 34 79 485 50 oc p 2/22/29 24.5 36.1 8.17 34 80 486 0 oc n 2/24/29 26.0 35.9 8.20 36 80 487 50 r n 2/24/29 25.9 36.0 8.19 29 80 488 0 oc p 2/24/29 26.0 35.9 8.20 36 80 489 50 oc p 2/24/29 25.9 36.0 8.19 29 80 490 100 ie p 2/24/29 23.4 36.2 8.16 32 81 491 0 c n 2/26/29 26.5 35.8 8.19 38 81 492 50 oc n 2/26/29 26.4 35.9 8.19 38 81 493 0 iy p 2/26/29 26.5 35.8 8.19 38 81 494 50 r p 2/26/29 26.4 35.9 8.19 38 81 495 100 r p 2/26/29 23.6 36.2 8.18 36 32 496 0 oc n 2/28/29 27.2 36.3 8.21 34 32 497 50 r n 2/28/29 27.2 36.3 8.21 34 83 502 50 r n 3/ 2/29 27.4 36.5 8.24 25 84 506 50 oc n 3/ 4/29 27.5 36.4 8.21 24 85 510 0 oc n 3/ 6/29 27.9 36.2 8.22 40 85 511 50 r n 3/ 6/29 27.8 36.2 8.22 40 85 513 50 r p 3/ 6/29 27.8 36.2 8.22 40 86 517 50 t n 3/ 9/29 27.4 36.2 8.29 17 86 519 50 r p 3/ 9/29 27.4 36.2 8.29 17 87 522 50 oc n 3/11/29 26.5 36.1 8.26 20 87 524 50 r p 3/11/29 26.5 36.1 8.26 20 88 526 0 oc n 3/21/29 28.5 35.9 8.23 16 88 527 50 oc n 3/21/29 28.4 35.9 8.25 13 89 528 0 oc n 3/23/29 28.4 35.6 8.25 21 89 529 50 oc n 3/23/29 28.6 35.8 8.27 12 90 533 0 c n 3/25/29 . 28.5 35.5 8.27 21 90 534 50 oc n 3/25/29 28.6 35.6 8.26 21 90 535 0 r p 3/25/29 28.5 35.5 8.27 21 90 536 50 r p 3/25/29 28.6 35.6 8.26 21 90 537 100 r p 3/25/29 26.3 35.8 8.24 21 91 540 0 r n 3/27/29 28.7 35.1 8.30 21 91 541 50 c n 3/27/29 28.5 35.2 8.30 24 91 542 0 r p 3/27/29 28.7 35.1 8.30 21 91 543 50 r p 3/27/29 28.5 35.2 8.30 24 54 CERATIUM IN THE PACIFIC AND NORTH ATLANTIC OCEANS Table 5. Distributional and environmental records for Ceratium candelabrum --Continued Depth Relative Appa- Temperature | Salinity PO4 ah Col | Nevead | 0 | meres 91 544 100 oc p 3/27/29 25.8 36.0 8.25 30 92 546 50 c n 3/29/29 28.4 35.4 8.29 28 92 548 50 r p 3/29/29 28.4 35.4 8.29 28 93 551 50 r n 3/31/29 28.5 34.8 8.30 28 93 552 0 r p 3/31/29 28.7 34.7 8.30 28 Samoa 555 0 r By iM ikeescews | ekeeey)| ae) Ape 94 558 50 r n 4/22/29 29.3 34.7 8.25 14 94 560 0 r p 4/22/29 29.5 34.7 8.25 14 95 563 50 oc n 4/24/29 29.3 34.9 8.24 16 95 564 100 r n 4/24/29 28.5 35.4 8.22 21 95 565 0 r p 4/24/29 29.4 34.7 8.26 14 96 568 0 oc n 4/26/29 29.3 35.3 8.23 12 95 568A 0 r n 4/25/29 (29.4 34.7 8.26 14) 96 569 50 re n 4/26/29 29.2 35.3 8.23 12 96 572 50 r p 4/26/29 29.2 35.3 8.23 12 96 573 100 r p 4/26/29 28.2 35.7 8.19 25 97 574 oc n 4/28/29 28.3 35.2 8.16 24 97 575 50 oc n 4/28/29 28.0 35.4 8.16 21 97 576 100 oc n 4/28/29 27.6 35.6 8.15 25 97 579 100 r p 4/28/29 27.6 35.6 8.15 25 98 581 0 oc n 4/30/29 27.0 35.3 8.16 24 98 588 100 r p 4/30/29 26.7 35.4 8.14 32 99 590 50 c n 5/ 2/29 27.8 34.9 8.22 12 99 591 100 c n 5/ 2/29 27.8 35.0 8.22 17 99 592 oc p 5/ 2/29 27.9 34.9 8.21 12 99 593 50 r p 5/ 2/29 27.8 34.9 8.22 12 99 594 100 oc p 5/ 2/29 27.8 35.0 8.22 17 99 595 0 oc n 5/ 2/29 27.9 34.9 8.21 12 100 596 50 c n 5/ 4/29 | 27.6 34.7 8.21 10 100 597 100 c n 5/ 4/29 27.6 34.7 8.22 12 100 598 0 oc p 5/ 4/29 et 34.7 8.21 10 100 599 50 oc p 5/ 4/29 27.6 34.7 8.21 10 100 602 100 oc p 5/ 4/29 27.6 34.7 8.22 12 101 604 50 oc n 5/ 7/29 26.2 34.7 8.24 8 101 605 100 oc n 5/ 7/29 25.2 35.1 8.23 8 101 606 0 r p 5/ 1/29 26.3 34.7 8.24 8 102 609 0 oc n 5/ 9/29 25.8 35.0 8.24 8 102 612 0 r p 5/ 9/29 25.8 35.0 8.24 8 102 613 50 r p 5/ 9/29 25.8 35.0 8.24 8 103 615 0 r n 5/11/29 26.0 35.0 8.25 5 103 616 50 r n 5/11/29 25.8 35.2 8.25 5 103 617 100 oc n 5/11/29 24.8 35.2 8.25 5 103 618 0 r p 5/11/29 26.0 35.0 8.25 5 104 621 0 r n 5/13/29 26.1 35.2 8.24 7 104 622 50 r n 5/13/29 25.8 35.2 8.24 7 104 625 50 r p 5/13/29 25.8 35.2 8.24 7 105 628 50 r n 5/15/29 26.8 34.9 8.23 5 105 630 0 r p 3/15/29 26.9 34.9 8.23 5 106 633 0 r n 5/17/29 27.2 35.0 8.23 5 106 634 50 r n 5/17/29 27.0 35.0 8.23 5 106 635 100 r n 5/17/29 25.6 35.1 8.23 5 107 639 rT n 5/19/29 28.0 34.4 8.23 5 107 640 50 oc n 5/19/29 27.9 34.4 8.23 4 107 641 100 r n 5/19/29 26.8 34.9 8.23 11 107 642 0 r p 5/19/29 28.0 34.4 8.23 5 107 645 50 r p 5/19/29 27.9 34.4 8.23 4 108 646 0 r n 5/27/29 28.4 35.0 8.25 4 108 647 50 Ps n 5/27/29 26.8 35.0 8.24 4 108 648 100 re n 5/27/29 25.2 35.0 8.23 4 109 655 50 oc n 5/29/29 23.1 35.0 8.22 3 109 656 100 c n 5/29/29 19.4 34.8 8.18 5 109 658 50 r p 5/29/29 23.1 35.0 8.22 3 110 661 c n 5/31/29 23.9 34.7 8.18 5 110 663 100 oc n 5/31/29 17.9 34.7 8.14 11 110 664 oc p 5/31/29 23.9 34.7 8.18 5 110 665 50 oc p 5/31/29 18.4 34.8 8.16 7 111 668 0 oc n 6/ 3/29 20.1 34.5 8.18 5 111 671 0 oc p 6/ 3/29 20.1 34.5 8.18 5 112 675 50 r n 6/ 5/29 21.7 34.6 8.23 7 112 676 100 re n 6/ 5/29 19.8 34.7 8.20 8 112 677 0 r p 6/ 5/29 23.2 34.6 8.22 7 113 680 0 oc n 6/25/29 24.2 34.5 8.25 5 113 681 50 oc n 6/25/29 23.8 34.6 8.25 5) 113 682 100 r n 6/25/29 21.5 34.7 8.23 8 113 684 50 r Pp 6/25/29 23.8 34.6 8.25 5 114 686 0 oc n 6/27/29 19.9 34.3 8.15 7 APPENDIX Table 5. Distributional and environmental records for Ceratium candelabrum -- Continued Depth Relative Appa- Temperature | Salinity PO4 tation Con | oven |» | mgr 114 687 n 6/27/29 16.2 34.6 8.04 63 114 688 100 de n 6/27/29 13.0 34.5 8.00 91 114 689 0 oc p 6/27/29 19.9 34.3 8.15 7 115 692 0 r n 6/29/29 20.6 34.6 8.19 4 115 693 50 r n 6/29/29 17.5 34.6 8.12 17 117 709 50 r n 1/ 3/29 12.5 34.2 8.06 51 128 779 0 oc n 7/25/29 16.4 33.0 8.12 29 129 780 0 r n 7/27/29 16.3 33.1 8.13 25 130 781 0 oc n 9/ 4/29 16.2 33.4 8.34 36 130 784 0 oc p 9/ 4/29 16.2 33.4 8.34 36 130 785 50 r p 9/ 4/29 11.7 33.4 8.26 83 130 786 100 r p 9/ 4/29 8.8 33.7 8.06 176 130 787 c n 9/ 4/29 16.2 33.4 8.34 36 131 789 100 oc n 9/ 6/29 12.1 33.4 8.32 131 792 0 oc p 9/ 4/29 16.2 33.4 8.34 36 131 793 0 r p 9/ 6/29 19.3 33.4 8.34 132 797 0 oc n 9/ 8/29 21.0 33.9 8.34 15 132 798 50 r n 9/ 8/29 17.6 33.9 8.33 19 132 799 100 oc n 9/ 8/29 14.3 33.4 8.30 16 132 801 0 r p 9/ 8/29 21.0 33.9 8.34 15 132 802 50 re p 9/ 8/29 17.6 33.9 8.33 19 132 803 100 ve p 9/ 8/29 14.3 33.4 8.30 16 133 805 50 r n 9/10/29 20.8 34.7 8.37 7 134 808 0 oc n 9/12/29 22.9 34.7 8.34 6 134 809 50 r n 9/12/29 19.8 34.6 8.34 6 134 810 100 r n 9/12/29 18.1 34.6 8.34 6 134 815 G p 9/12/29 22.9 34.7 8.34 6 135 821 50 r n 9/14/29 21.5 35.0 8.37 5 135 822 100 r n 9/14/29 18.7 34.8 8.34 5 135 825 50 r p 9/14/29 21.5 35.0 8.37 5 136 828 50 z n 9/16/29 21.4 35.1 8.39 3 136 832 0 r p 9/16/29 24.6 35.4 8.37 3 137 836 0 r n 9/18/29 25.5 35.0 8.39 4 139 850 50 r n 9/22/29 25.8 34.9 8.31 6 139 851 100 my n 9/22/29 22.4 35.2 8.28 6 140 858 100 r n 10/ 3/29 25.5 35.0 8.34 tf 141 865 50 r n 10/ 5/29 24.8 35.3 8.34 5 142 873 50 oc n 10/ 7/29 21.8 34.8 8.30 5 142 874 100 oc n 10/ 7/29 16.6 34.4 8.27 7 142 877 50 r p 10/ 7/29 21.8 34.8 8.30 5 143 881 0 r n 10/ 9/29 22.4 34.4 8.30 6 143 883 100 r n 10/ 9/29 13.8 34.1 8.30 10 143 885 50 r p 10/ 9/29 19.0 34.2 8.34 6 145 891 50 r n 10/13/29 18.7 34.3 8.34 6 146 896 0 r n 10/15/29 22.4 34.9 8.37 6 146 897 50 r n 10/15/29 22.4 34.9 8.30 6 146 898 100 oc n 10/15/29 19.7 34.3 8.26 7 147 904 50 r n 10/17/29 23.1 35.3 8.29 5 149 921 50 Er n 10/21/29 23.3 35.0 8.37 6 149 927 0 r p 10/21/29 23.5 35.0 8.34 6 150 929 0 r n 10/23/29 25.6 34.7 8.39 if 150 930 50 oc n 10/23/29 22.8 34.8 8.35 10 150 931 100 oc n 10/23/29 19.6 34.6 8.32 11 151 937 0 oc n 10/26/29 26.0 S40) ieee se 151 938 50 oc n 10/26/29 18.3 3404: peewee. ae 151 939 100 r n 10/26/29 12.5 CE atte oa 151 941 0 r p 10/26/29 26.0 O4:0 reas seo 152 944 0 oc n 10/27/29 27.4 33.7 8.35 20 152 945 50 oc n 10/27/29 14.2 34.5 7.87 53 152 946 100 r n 10/27/29 11.4 34.7 7.76 15 152 948 r p 10/27/29 27.4 33.7 8.35 20 153 951 0 oc n 10/29/29 28.1 34.2 8.47 u 153 952 50 r n 10/29/29 28.1 34.4 8.39 7 153 953 100 oc n 10/29/29 20.5 34.7 8.28 31 154 959 50 r n 10/31/29 28.2 34.2 8.40 7 155 965 0 r n 11/ 2/29 27.8 34.9 8.29 29 155 966 50 r n 11/ 2/29 27.7 34.9 8.30 30 155 967 100 oc n 11/ 2/29 27.2 35.0 8.30 35 156 972 r n 11/ 4/29 27.6 35.0 8.34 28 156 973 50 r n 11/ 4/29 27.0 35.1 8.37 46 156 974 100 oc n 11/ 4/29 26.4 35.1 8.30 48 157 978 0 oc n 11/ 6/29 27.1 35.3 8.27 47 157 979 50 E n 11/ 6/29 27.1 35.2 8.32 60 157 980 100 r n 11/ 6/29 26.8 35.5 8.30 64 158 983 c n 11/ 8/29 28.2 35.6 8.34 36 158 984 50 oc n 11/ 8/29 28.2 35.6 8.39 50 CERATIUM IN THE PACIFIC AND NORTH ATLANTIC OCEANS Table 5. Distributional and environmental records for Ceratium candelabrum --Concluded Depth Relative Appa- Temperature Salinity 158 159 159 159 160 160 160 985 990 991 992 1000 1002 1003 Table 6. Distributional and environmental records for Ceratium furca Ehrenbergi Depth Relative Appa- Dat ee Salinity 100 0 50 100 0 50 100 _ So oooo ooooo 50 ae Tr xa r oc r lomo) ic} Fe pa bse SOU EONS 1OhOLOLORC ECS ONCIO oN ORIG) HAAHOONOOO a0 aaa Perea sna Race co mranes Meamctnea nc CMRA ES IPAS WAGES PA its bea IO UrS RE Ard rd est Pps sysns FBUUVAFSVUSSSVTUF SS SSSVVUPAVUU SSS SUC U AS SSS SSP SPP SSS SSP SUS SS SSP esses 11/ 8/29 11/11/29 11/11/29 11/11/29 11/13/29 11/13/29 11/13/29 5/30/28 5/30/28 11/19/28 11/19/28 11/21/28 10.6 ee i _ —— = Me bob bs tot ard IS See ed i ee NNN NNH ee MAN ONMAITHMAARBOOHLEHEORBOOAMKCOMDMOO TP PAP RAO RUIARRMODNAINWNOBRNNOARNOOCONNADROOARNYH WHA NNN DANS OWOSSO to ~109 -J00 35.6 35.6 8.39 8.37 8.39 8.37 8.37 8.39 8.44 8.15 8.15 8.15 PO4 mg/m3 APPENDIX Table 6. Distributional and environmental records for Ceratium furca Ehrenbergi--Continued Depth Relative Appa- Temperature | Salinity mn fel" [eve | o* [nei 46 264 ° ° fe) Fema d ad cod td tJ. iS) ta} ta) e} a0 QOPACOPHNnnHOaAns ° pepe ia} fe Pied dad tah tabs} a ° PAV AHO Mara era brsirs iO ss S4HmMNOO 0 aaa a o o oO Oo > ~ TR BOB BUUUUR SESE SUCU SESS SSP SSS PUUSUUU SSS SUCDU NS SSS EP SOUU EE DUUUSHSSHSUGUSSSSUOUUHHED 11/21/28 11/23/28 11/23/28 11/23/28 11/23/28 11/23/28 11/29/28 12/19/28 12/20/28 12/22/28 12/22/28 12/22/28 12/22/28 12/22/28 12/24/28 12/24/28 12/24/28 12/24/28 12/24/28 12/24/28 12/24/28 12/26/28 12/26/28 12/26/28 12/26/28 12/26/28 12/26/28 12/26/28 12/26/28 12/26/28 12/28/28 12/28/28 12/28/28 12/28/28 12/28/28 12/28/28 12/29/28 12/29/28 12/30/28 12/30/28 12/30/28 12/30/28 12/30/28 12/31/28 1/ 1/29 1/ 1/29 1/13/29 CAAOJIIODMM MMM MMC SROM DORM RR eee Ep OOM AGL POCCONNDDND 57 58 CERATIUM IN THE PACIFIC AND NORTH ATLANTIC OCEANS Table 6. Distributional and environmental records for Ceratium furca Ehrenbergi--Continued Depth Relative Appa- Temperature | Salinity PO4 a Ce" [oreo | [meme 50 re ; 2 71 439 n 2/ 6/29 16.7 35.1 7.90 150 71 441 0 oc p 2/ 6/29 23.5 35.2 8.13 58 72 444 50 oc n 2/ 8/29 18.7 35.4 8.12 60 72 445 100 r n 2/ 8/29 14.8 35.0 7.94 154 72 446 r p 2/ 8/29 24.9 35.3 8.16 50 447 50 r p 2/ 8/29 18.7 35.4 8.12 60 72-73 449 0 oc n 2/ 9/29 (25.3 35.4 8.21 44) 73 450 0 oc n 2/10/29 25.3 35.4 8.21 44 73 451 50 oc n 2/10/29 18.7 35.4 8.05 122 73 452 100 oc n 2/10/29 14.7 35.0 7.80 178 73 453 0 c p 2/10/29 25.3 35.4 8.21 44 73 454 50 r p 2/10/29 18.7 35.4 8.05 122 73 455 100 r p 2/10/29 14.7 35.0 7.80 178 74 456 0 r n 2/12/29 24.2 35.6 8.17 68 74 457 50 i n 2/12/29 19.2 35.4 8.06 80 74 459 0 r p 2/12/29 24.2 35.6 8.17 68 74 460 50 r p 2/12/29 19.2 35.4 8.06 80 75 464 100 oc n 2/14/29 17.8 35.4 8.00 75 75 465 0 r p 2/14/29 22.8 35.8 8.18 44 77 473 0 rr p 2/18/29 23.7 36.0 8.19 16 78 476 50 ie n 2/20/29 23.8 36.1 8.14 32 78 477 100 oc n 2/20/29 21.9 36.2 8.14 34 78 478 0 r p 2/20/29 24.6 36.0 8.17 32 78 479 50 r p 2/20/29 23.8 36.1 8.14 32 79 483 100 r n 2/22/29 21.8 36.2 8.13 45 80 488 r p 2/24/29 26.0 35.9 8.20 36 80 490 100 r p 2/24/29 23.4 36.2 8.16 32 81 493 0 r p 2/26/29 26.5 35.8 8.19 38 82 498 0 r p 2/28/29 alee 36.3 8.21 34 83 504 50 r p 3/ 2/29 27.4 36.5 8.24 25 89 530 0 r p 3/23/29 28.4 35.6 8.25 21 89 532 0 r n 3/23/29 (28.4 35.6 8.25 21) Samoa 555 0 oc n 4/ 2/29 Sree Ul BRE. Bees 96 568 0 r n 4/26/29 29.3 35.3 8.23 12 95 568A 0 r n 4/25/29 (29.4 34.7 8.26 14) 96 571 0 oc p 4/26/29 29.3 35.3 8.23 12 96 573 100 oc p 4/26/29 28.2 35.7 8.19 25 97 577 0 oc Pp 4/28/29 28.3 35.2 8.16 24 97 578 50 r p 4/28/29 28.0 35.4 8.16 21 97 579 100 oc p 4/28/29 27.6 35.6 8.15 25 98 584 0 r p 4/30/29 27.0 35.3 8.16 24 99 593 50 r p 5/ 2/29 27.8 34.9 8.22 12 100 596 50 r n 5/ 4/29 27.6 34.7 8.21 10 104 624 0 r p 5/13/29 26.1 35.2 8.24 q 105 630 0 r p 5/15/29 26.9 34.9 8.23 5 108 649 0 r p 5/27/29 28.4 35.0 8.25 4 110 661 0 c n 5/31/29 23.9 34.7 8.18 5 110 662 50 c n 5/31/29 18.4 34.8 8.16 ud 110 663 100 c n 5/31/29 17.9 34.7 8.14 11 110 664 0 a p 5/31/29 23.9 34.7 8.18 5 110 665 50 oc p 5/31/29 18.4 34.8 8.16 7 110 666 100 oc p 5/31/29 17.9 34.7 8.14 11 111 668 c n 6/ 3/29 20.1 34.5 8.18 5 111 669 50 oc n 6/ 3/29 19.4 34.6 8.17 5 111 671 0 oc p 6/ 3/29 20.1 34.5 8.18 5 111 672 50 r p 6/ 3/29 19.4 34.6 8.17 5 112 675 50 oc n 6/ 5/29 21.7 34.6 8.23 7 112 676 100 oc n 6/ 5/29 19.8 34.7 8.20 8 112 677 0 r p 6/ 5/29 23.2 34.6 8.22 7 112 678 50 r p 6/ 5/29 21.7 34.6 8.23 7 113 680 0 r n 6/25/29 24.2 34.5 8.25 5 113 683 0 r p 6/25/29 24.2 34.5 8.25 5 114 688 100 ir Pp 6/27/29 13.0 34.5 8.00 91 114 689 0 c p 6/27/29 19.9 34.3 8.15 7 114 690 50 oc p 6/27/29 16.2 34.6 8.04 63 115 693 50 r n 6/29/29 78 34.6 8.12 17 115 694 100 r n 6/29/29 15.6 34.6 8.08 27 115 695 0 oc p 6/29/29 20.6 34.6 8.19 4 115 696 0 oc p 6/29/29 20.6 34.6 8.19 4 115 697 50 r - Bp 6/29/29 17.5 34.6 8.12 17 117 709 50 r n T/ 3/29 12.5 34.2 8.06 51 117 710 100 r n 1/ 3/29 8.8 34.1 7.98 84 117 711 0 re p 1/ 3/29 15.9 34.3 8.17 3 129 780 0 r n 1/27/29 16.3 33.1 8.13 25 130 784 0 r p 9/ 4/29 16.2 33.4 8.34 36 131 792 0 r ) 9/ 4/29 16.2 33.4 8.34 36 APPENDIX Table 6. Distributional and environmental records for Ceratium furca Ehrenbergi--Concluded Depth Relative Appa- Temperature | Salinity ate fey | ele 131 131 131 132 132 132 136 136 140 793 794 Table 7. Distributional and environmental records for Ceratium belone Depth Relative Appa- Temperature | Salinity es a [Neves 0 0 0 0 100 0 _ oul ooooooco0°ceo a o 100 fe} EE Ma hired dss Sia Hada Sa bce yi eB ° ° ° fe) aa SAAR CA) ANAS eS 8a) ANA SAS) ES RO AN 8 COAL MAT ANN Ra eS aS 8 Ce Aa OCA NSO NEA ora OVS O28 Car BSVVUUVUSVVUU SUS UVUUU aU TUVUFESFVVUV FI SVA SS SSS SPVVUSP SPSS SSP SPSS FPS SSS SPP APS SUVA Ass sos 9/ 6/29 9/ 6/29 9/ 6/29 9/ 8/29 $/ 8/29 9/ 8/29 9/16/29 9/16/29 10/ 3/29 10/ 5/29 10/ 7/29 10/ 7/29 10/ 7/29 10/11/29 - 10/15/29 10/15/29 10/17/29 10/29/29 11/ 8/29 11/ 8/29 5/16/28 8/17/28 11/23/28 11/23/28 11/27/28 11/27/28 11/27/28 11/27/28 11/28/28 11/30/28 11/30/28 11/30/28 12/ 1/28 12/ 1/28 12/ 1/28 12/10/28 12/10/28 12/10/28 12/14/28 12/14/28 12/16/28 12/16/28 12/18/28 2/12/29 2/22/29 2/22/29 2/22/29 2/24/29 2/26/29 2/28/29 3/27/29 3/27/29 4/22/29 4/24/29 4/26/29 10/13/29 PO4 mg/m3 60 CERATIUM IN THE PACIFIC AND NORTH ATLANTIC OCEANS Table 7. Distributional and environmental records for Ceratium belone--Concluded Depth Relative Appa- Temperature Salinity PO4 158 983 r n 11/ 8/29 5.6 8.34 36 158 985 100 r n 11/ 8/29 a7.6 35.9 8.39 48 159 990 0 r n 11/11/29 28.6 35.7 8.37 15 159 991 50 r n 11/11/29 28.5 35.7 8.39 15 Table 8. Distributional and environmental records for Ceratium incisum Depth Relative Appa- Temperature Salinity So 16 103 8/13/28 25.9 36.2 8.24 8 33 198 50 : 5 10/ 8/28 28.2 36.2 8.24 4 33 198A 50 r p 10/ 8/28 28.2 36.2 8.24 4 40 232 0 r p 11/ 8/28 22.2 33.7 8.21 24 46 261 0 r n 11/21/28 23.3 35.3 8.16 36 46 264 0 r p 11/21/28 23.3 35.3 8.16 36 78 477 100 1s n 2/20/29 21.9 36.2 8.14 34 79 483 100 G n 2/22/29 21.8 36.2 8.13 45 80 488 0 i p 2/24/29 26.0 35.9 8.20 36 81 493 0 r p 2/26/29 26.5 35.8 8.19 38 82 497 50 r n 2/28/29 27.2 36.3 8.21 34 94 559 100 r n 4/22/29 28.5 35.6 8.21 25 95 563 50 r n 4/24/29 29.3 34.9 8.24 16 96 570 100 r n 4/26/29 28.2 35.7 8.19 25 97 574 0 r n 4/28/29 28.3 35.2 8.16 24 98 588 0-100 i p 4/30/29 26.7 35.4 8.14 32 99 591 100 r n 5/ 2/29 27.8 35.0 8.22 17 100 597 100 © n 5/ 4/29 27.6 34.7 8.22 12 100 602 100 r p 5/ 4/29 27.6 34.7 8.22 12 101 605 100 r n 5/ 7/29 25.2 35.1 8.23 8 103 615 0 r n 5/11/29 26.0 35.0 8.25 5 105 628 50 r n 5/15/29 26.8 34.9 8.23 5 106 634 50 r n 5/17/29 27.0 35.0 8.23 5 108 648 100 r n 5/27/29 25.2 35.0 8.23 4 139 850 50 r n 9/22/29 25.8 34.9 8.31 6 141 864 0 r n 10/ 5/29 25.9 35.2 8.34 5 152 945 50 r n 10/27/29 14.2 34.5 7.87 53 155 965 0 r n 11/ 2/29 27.8 34.9 8.29 29 156 973 50 Tr n 11/ 4/29 27.0 35.1 8.37 46 158 985 100 r n 11/ 8/29 27.6 35.9 8.39 48 Table 9. Distributional and environmental records for Ceratium pentagonum Depth Relative Appa- Temperature | Salinity PO4 i re | Cc) | eo) mg/m’ Subspecies tenerum 8/ 8/2 13a 88 0 c n 21.2 35.2 8.18 11 13a 89 0 r n 8/ 8/28 21.2 35.2 8.18 11 14 90 0 r n 8/ 9/28 21.2 35.2 8.18 11 14 92 50 r p 8/ 9/28 15.0 35.1 8.18 16 14 93 0 oc p 8/ 9/28 21.2 35.2 8.18 1} 15 97 0 r p 8/11/28 24.8 36.4 8.21 11 15 98 50 r p ° 8/11/28 19.8 36.5 8.21 8 15 99 100 r p 8/11/28 18.9 36.4 8.20 19 16 103 0 r p 8/13/28 25.9 36.2 8.24 8 16 108 100 oy n 8/13/28 19.9 36.5 8.17 13 17 109 50 oc p 8/15/28 21.9 36.6 8.28 12 ily 110 50 oc p 8/15/28 21.9 36.6 8.28 12 17 111 0 oc n 8/15/28 26.2 36.6 8.29 9 18 114 0 r p 8/17/28 27.0 37.0 8.23 5 18 115 50 oc p 8/17/28 22.4 36.8 8.24 5 18 118 50 r n 8/17/28 22.4 36.8 8.24 5 19 121 50 r p 8/20/28 25.2 37.1 8.27 5 20 125 0 r p 8/22/28 26.0 36.6 8.37 5 20 126 50 r p 8/22/28 25.8 36.6 8.26 3 20 127 100 r p 8/22/28 22.6 36.7 8.19 5 20 128 0 r n 8/22/28 26.0 36.6 8.37 5 EEE APPENDIX Table 9. Distributional and environmental records for Ceratium pentagonum --Continued Depth Relative Appa- Temperature | Salinity PO4 t Subspecies tenerum--Continued 20 130 100 oc n 8/22/28 2.6 36.7 8.19 5 21 134 100 r p 8/24/28 21.0 36.8 8.20 7 21 136 50 r n 8/24/28 24.4 36.2 8.26 4 22 141 100 re p 8/27/28 17.5 36.1 7.99 123 23 145 0 ry p 8/29/28 27.2 35.9 8.25 4 24 155 50 r n 8/31/28 23.1 36.0 8.14 8 25 157 0 r p 9/ 3/28 27.5 35.6 8.31 5 26 164 50 T p 9/ 5/28 24.1 36.1 8.21 5 30 189 50 r n 9/15/28 27.8 36.1 8.29 5 30 190 100 r n 9/15/28 24.1 36.4 8.10 20 37 221 50 r p 11/7 1728 18.8 34.5 8.00 121 40 231 100 r n 11/ 8/28 13.9 35.0 7.85 159 40 232 0 oc p 11/ 8/28 22.2 33.7 8.21 24 40 234 100 r p 11/ 8/28 13.9 35.0 7.85 159 41 235 0 r n 11/10/28 20.4 34.2 8.11 32 41 236 50 oc n 11/10/28 14.6 35.0 7.94 58 41 238 0 r p 11/10/28 20.4 34.2 8.11 32 41 239 100 r p 11/10/28 14.5 35.0 7.91 152 42 241 0 r n 11/13/28 18.7 34.7 8.06 45 42 242 50 r n 11/13/28 17.2 34.9 7.99 68 43 245 50 r n 11/15/28 17.0 34.9 7.93 80 43 246 100 r n 11/15/28 13.6 35.0 7.90 92 43 247 0 1 p 11/15/28 19.6 34.8 8.09 52 43 248 50 r p 11/15/28 17.0 34.9 7.93 80 43 249 100 r p 11/15/28 13.6 35.0 7.90 92 44 252 100 r n 11/17/28 13.8 35.0 7.85 70 44 253 0 oc p 11/17/28 20.7 34.9 8.03 38 44 254 50 oc p 11/17/28 20.4 34.9 8.04 34 44 255 100 2 p 11/17/28 13.8 35.0 7.85 70 45 256 0 r n_ 11/19/28 22.4 35.3 8.12 38 45 257 50 oc n 11/19/28 22.4 35.2 8.13 46 45 258 100 r n 11/19/28 18.6 35.1 8.00 50 45 259 0 oc p 11/19/28 22.4 35.3 8.12 38 45 260 50 r p 11/19/28 22.4 35.2 8.13 46 46 264 0 oc p 11/21/28 23.3 35.3 8.16 36 46 265 50 rT p 11/21/28 23.2 35.3 8.16 40 47 269 0 r p 11/23/28 23.9 36.0 8.16 17 47 270 50 r p 11/23/28 23.8 36.0 8.16 20 48 274 0 r p 11/23/28 23.6 36.4 8.23 13 49 280 0 r p 11/27/28 23.4 36.2 8.27 13 49 281 50 r p 11/27/28 22.6 36.1 8.26 13 50 286 100 r n 11/29/28 20.5 35.7 8.22 13 50 287 0 r p 11/29/28 23.2 36.0 8.23 13 50 288 50 r p 11/29/28 22.0 35.9 8.23 13 50 289 100 r p 11/29/28 20.5 35.7 8.22 13 54 322 0 r p 11/29/28 23.4 35.5 8.22 9 59 348 0 r n 12/24/28 16.3 34.0 8.10 38 60 359 0 r p 12/26/28 15.0 34.0 8.07 50 62 371 0 r n 12/30/28 19.2 34.2 8.12 32 62 372 50 r n 12/30/28 16.2 34.3 8.10 28 62 373 100 oc n 12/30/28 13.1 34.2 8.06 48 62 376 100 r p 12/30/28 13.1 34.2 8.06 48 63 377 0 r n 12/31/28 (20.5 34.6 8.07 21) 63 380 50 Tr n 1/ 1/29 17.0 34.6 8.08 25 63 381 100 r n 1/ 1/29 15.6 34.6 8.08 24 63 383 50 r p 1/ 1/29 11.0 34.6 8.08 25 63-64 385 0 r n 1/ 1/29 20.5 34.6 8.07 21 63-64 386 0 oc n 1/ 1/29 20.5 34.6 8.07 21 63-64 387 0 r n 1/ 2/29 20.5 34.6 8.07 21 63-64 389 0 i n 1/ 2/29 20.5 34.6 8.07 21 63-64 390 0 ie n 1/ 2/29 20.5 34.6 8.07 21 63-64 391 0 oc n 1/ 3/29 20.5 34.6 8.07 21 63-64 392 0 oc n 1/ 3/29 20.5 34.6 8.07 21 64 397 100 r n 1/ 3/29 15.8 34.5 8.10 32 64 398 0 r p 1/ 3/29 20.6 34.6 8.12 21 64 400 100 r p 1/ 3/29 15.8 34.5 8.10 32 64-65 401 0 r n 1/ 3/29 20.6 34.6 8.12 au 64-65 402 0 r n 1/ 4/29 20.6 34.6 8.12 21 65 409 50 r p 1/ 5/29 16.5 34.5 8.10 25 66 411 0 r n 1/ 7/29 19.4 34.7 8.10 29 66 412 100 r n 1/ 7/29 17.8 34.9 8.12 21 66 413 0 oc p 1/ 7/29 19.4 34.7 8.10 29 66 414 50 r p 1/ 7/29 17.8 34.8 8.10 29 67 416 0 r n 1/ 8/29 19.3 34.9 8.11 21 61 62 Depth Relative Appa- Temperature | Salinity eS fo | ere CERATIUM IN THE PACIFIC AND NORTH ATLANTIC OCEANS Table 9. Distributional and environmental records for Ceratium pentagonum--Continued 67 418 100 68 422 0 68 423 50 69 425 50 69 426 100 69 427 0 69 428 50 70 432 50 10 434 0 70 436 100 71 441 0 72 444 50 72 446 0 72 447 50 72 448 100 73 450 0 73 451 50 73 452 100 73 453 0 73 454 50 74 459 0 79 481 0 79 482 50 79 485 50 87 522 50 87 523 0 87 524 50 87 525 100 89 531 100 90 533 0 90 535 0 90 536 50 91 541 50 91 542 0 91 543 50 92 548 50 93 553 100 96 572 50 101 606 0 102 612 0 102 613 50 104 624 0 104 626 100 105 630 0 105 631 50 106 635 100 106 636 0 106 637 50 107 642 0 107 645 50 108 647 50 108 648 100 110 665 50 110 666 100 111 671 0 111 672 50 112 675 50 112 677 0 112 678 50 118 719 C150 120 7129 0 120 730 50 121 732 0 121 735 0 122 738 0 122 741 0 123 745 50 123 747 0 124 749 0 124 7152 0 124 750 50 125 755 0 HAHAHA RRA RAR RRR On AAS fe) ° alfa fend) Se ta) SE) eV a Ba Be "moOo°o Qaa0q a fe) ORS ADO a anes eo tmeaan Le Subspecies tenerum --Continued BDUSVTUTUVUFSVTUVUVUSVCVUUUDUVUUUUVUUUUUSUUSUUUDUTAUASVUUVUE SD SuUVDU sD UU a UU Sa SsooS Subspecies pacificum BPesDe SU SsVUU SUT: 1/ 8/29 1/10/29 1/10/29 1/12/29 1/12/29 1/12/29 1/12/29 1/13/29 1/13/29 1/13/29 2/ 6/29 2/ 8/29 2/ 8/29 2/ 8/29 2/ 8/29 2/10/29 2/10/29 2/10/29 2/10/29 2/10/29 2/12/29 2/22/29 2/22/29 2/22/29 3/11/29 3/11/29 3/11/29 3/11/29 3/23/29 3/25/29 3/25/29 3/25/29 3/27/29 3/27/29 3/27/29 3/29/29 3/31/29 4/26/29 5/ 1/29 5/ 9/29 5/ 9/29 5/13/29 5/13/29 5/19/29 5/19/29 5/17/29 5/17/29 5/17/29 5/19/29 5/19/29 5/27/29 5/27/29 5/31/29 5/31/29 5/31/29 5/31/29 6/ 5/29 6/ 5/29 6/ 5/29 7/ 9/29 1/ 9/29 7/11/29 7/11/29 7/13/29 7/13/29 7/15/29 7/15/29 7/11/29 71/17/29 1/17/29 7/19/29 16.2 DNGCOPOOIINA Ol 69 Co PO DO O10 DS _ CBCNWO-IL PAWL WWWWWWHH PPE POTOOOCOD TARP WHDORDTIIAIAINIH OU ANUANWAMNDONDOLPLO pCR ER ESIC IES ee SoCo O HOD DDHO © BO 2 COC 0— OCD PO4 mg/m3 | ell cell aoe AAR ee Abe hoo o-J -10 © 0 APPENDIX 63 Table 9. Distributional and environmental records for Ceratium pentagonum --Concluded Subspecies pacificum--Concluded 125 756 50 oc n 7/19/29 5.5 32.8 7.98 138 125 757 100 oc n 7/19/29 4.2 32.9 e901) tS 125 758 0 c p 7/19/29 10.5 32.8 8.03 125 125 759 50 oc p 7/19/29 5.5 32.8 7.98 138 Subspecies tenerum--Concluded 132 803 100 r p 9/ 8/29 14.3 33.4 8.30 16 133 804 r n 9/10/29 22.7 34.7 8.47 nl 134 815 0 ir p 9/12/29 22.9 34.7 8.34 6 135 821 50 r n 9/14/29 21.5 35.0 8.37 5 135 825 50 r p 9/14/29 21.5 35.0 8.37 5 135 826 100 r p 9/14/29 18.7 34.8 8.34 5 136 829 100 r n 9/16/29 18.6 35.0 8.39 3 136 833 50 r p 9/16/29 21.4 35.1 8.39 3 138 847 0 r p 9/20/29 26.1 34.8 8.35 3 138 848 50 r p 9/20/29 25.6 34.7 8.30 3 139 850 50 r n 9/22/29 25.8 34.9 8.31 6 139 851 100 r n 9/22/29 22.4 35.2 8.28 6 139 854 50 r p 9/22/29 25.8 34.9 8.31 6 139 855 100 r p 9/22/29 22.4 35.2 8.28 6 141 864 r n 10/ 5/29 25.9 35.2 8.28 5 141 865 50 r n 10/ 5/29 24.8 35.3 8.28 5 141 871 100 r p 10/ 5/29 20.0 35.0 8.33 5 143 884 0 r p 10/ 9/29 22.4 34.4 8.30 6 143 885 50 r p 10/ 9/29 19.0 34.2 8.34 6 146 900 0 r p 10/15/29 22.4 34.9 8.37 6 146 902 100 r p 10/15/29 19.7 34.3 8.26 7 147 904 50 r n 10/17/29 23.1 35.3 8.29 5 147 907 0 r p 10/17/29 23.3 35.3 8.26 8 147 908 50 T p 10/17/29 19.2 35.0 8.29 5 148 911 50 r n 10/19/29 23.0 SOnl cera AOC 148 917 0 oc p. 10/19/29 23.4 2 Beatie ode 149 921 50 r n 10/21/29 23.3 35.0 8.37 6 149 927 0 oc p 10/21/29 23.5 35.0 8.34 6 150 931 100 r n 10/23/29 19.6 34.6 8.32 6 150 936 100 r p 10/23/29 19.6 34.6 8.32 6 151 941 0 r p 10/26/29 26.0 SSt0R hone 206 152 946 100 r n 10/27/29 11.4 34.7 7.76 75 152 948 0 r p 10/27/29 27.4 33.7 8.35 20 Table 10. Distributional and environmental records for Ceratium subrobustum Depth Relative Appa- Temperature | Salinity PO4 ae Ce [Neves | ot | mera 15 102 100 n 8/11/28 18.4 36.4 8.20 19 19 123 50 ne n 8/20/28 25.2 27.1 8.27 5 47 268 100 r n 11/23/28 22.7 36.2 8.23 20 48 273 100 oc n 11/25/28 22.7 36.3 8.26 16 48 276 100 r p 11/25/28 22.7 36.3 8.26 16 49 279 100 oc n 11/27/28 21.6 35.9 8.26 13 49 282 100 r p 11/27/28 21.6 35.9 8.26 13 50 286 100 r n 11/29/28 20.5 35.7 8.22 13 51 298 100 rr p 12/ 1/28 20.0 35.6 8.22 17 53 305 100 r n 12/ 5/28 19.9 35.6 8.19 13 54 321 100 r n 12/14/28 18.7 35.4 8.16 20 55 324 50 oc n 12/16/28 18.7 35.0 8.18 12 55 325 100 r n 12/16/28 16.7 34.9 AT, 12 56 330 100 oc n 12/18/28 16,6 34.8 8.11 12 57 337 100 oc n 12/20/28 14.3 34.4 8.10 40 57 340 100 r p 12/20/28 14.3 34.4 8.10 40 58 342 50 r n 12/22/28 14.8 34.0 8.12 25 58 345 50 r p 12/22/28 14.8 34.0 8.12 25 75 462 0 r n 2/14/29 22.8 35.8 8.18 44 76 468 50 r n 2/16/29 22.1 35.9 8.14 42 76 469 100 r n 2/16/29 21.2 35.8 8.12 45 17 472 0 r n 2/18/29 23.7 36.0 8.19 16 717 473 0 r p 2/18/29 23.7 36.0 8.19 16 77 474 50 re p 2/18/29 23.5 36.0 8.19 16 78 477 100 r n 2/20/29. 24.6 36.0 8.17 32 94 559 100 r n 4/22/29 28.5 35.6 8.21 25 64 CERATIUM IN THE PACIFIC AND NORTH ATLANTIC OCEANS Table 10. Distributional and environmental records for Ceratium subrobustum --Concluded Depth Relative Appa- Temperature | Salinity Stati Sample : (o | trea Depth ane Appa- Temperature Salinity 102 109 114 115 118 121 123 127 130 131 134 AAR AAA RR ARAB OR HOR NANA AKA HHOONHOONANHANNHONHODOONNH AANA Qa ° fo) ° lo) oa SBSSSSSVSFISSVUSSSSVVUSSVVVUU A SUSU SU eV Ss UUUSVUUSUU ea See eases UU AS 4/28/29 4/28/29 4/28/29 4/28/29 4/30/29 4/30/29 5/ 2/29 5/ 2/29 5/ 2/29 5/ 2/29 5/ 2/29 5/ 4/29 5/ 4/29 5/ 4/29 5/ 4/29 5/29/29 5/29/29 5/29/29 6/ 3/29 6/25/29 6/27/29 6/29/29 9/10/29 9/12/29 9/16/29 9/18/29 9/22/29 9/22/29 10/ 3/29 10/ 3/29 10/ 7/29 10/ 7/29 10/ 7/29 10/ 7/29 10/11/29 10/11/29 10/13/29 10/13/29 10/13/29 10/13/29 10/15/29 10/15/29 10/15/29 10/26/29 10/29/29 11/ 2/29 11/ 2/29 11/ 2/29 11/ 2/29 11/ 4/29 11/ 4/29 11/ 6/29 11/ 6/29 11/ 6/29 11/ 8/29 teens Table 11. Distributional and environmental records for Ceratium teres SHANNA NH ROMS ° mA Susy U S000 8/11/28 8/15/28 8/17/28 8/17/28 8/17/28 8/20/28 8/20/28 8/22/28 8/22/28 8/23/28 8/24/28 PO4 mg/m3 =o mg/m3 i Aon aac 6 ~— APPENDIX Table 11. Distributional and environmental records for Ceratium teres--Continued Depth Relative Appa- Temperature | Salinity PO4 ation am pl 21 137 100 r n 8/24/28 21.0 36.8 8.20 7 22 140 50 r p 8/27/28 24.5 36.2 8.21 9 22 143 50 r n 8/27/28 24.5 36.2 8.21 9 22 144 100 T n 8/27/28 17.5 36.1 7.99 123 23 145 0 oc p 8/29/28 27.2 35.9 8.25 4 23 149 50 r, n 8/29/28 20.9 36.0 8.14 13 24 151 0 r p 8/31/28 27.2 35.2 8.32 4 24 152 50 r p 8/31/28 23.1 36.0 8.14 8 30 189 50 r n 9/15/28 27.8 36.1 8.29 3 32 194A 0 r p 10/ 5/28 28.0 36.0 8.23 2 46 262 50 r n 11/21/28 23.2 35.3 8.16 40 46 263 100 oc n 11/21/28 22.5 35.4 8.17 40 46 264 0 r p 11/21/28 23.3 35.3 8.16 36 47 270 50 a p 11/23/28 23.8 36.0 8.23 20 48 276 100 z p 11/25/28 22.7 36.3 8.26 16 49 279 100 r n 11/27/28 21.6 35.9 8.26 13 49 281 50 r p 11/27/28 22.6 36.1 8.26 13 50 289 100 oc p 11/29/28 20.5 35.7 8.22 13 50-51 290 0 r n 11/30/28 22.8 35.6 8.22 16 50-51 291 0 x n 11/30/28 22.8 35.6 8.22 16 50-51 292 0 r n 11/30/28 22.8 35.6 8.22 16 51 294 50 r n 12/ 1/28 20.5 35.6 8.22 17 51 297 50 r p 12/ 1/28 20.5 35.6 8.22 17 54 322 0 r p 12/14/28 23.4 35.5 8.22 9 57 338 0 r p 12/20/28 19.0 34.5 8.14 20 58 342 50 T n 12/22/28 14.8 34.0 8.12 25 58 344 0 r p 12/22/28 17.0 34.0 8.12 20 58 345 50 oc p 12/22/28 14.8 34.0 8.12 25 59 348 0 r n 12/24/28 16.3 34.0 8.10 38 59 350 100 oc n 12/24/28 11.4 34.1 8.03 72 59 351 0 oc p 12/24/28 16.3 34.0 8.10 38 59 - 352 50 r p 12/24/28 14.0 34.0 8.08 38 60 357 0 r p 12/26/28 15.0 34.0 8.07 50 60-61 360 0 T n 12/26/28 15.0 34.0 8.07 a 60-61 361 0 r n 12/26/28 15.0 34.0 8.07 50 67 416 0 is n 1/ 8/29 19.3 34.9 8.11 21 68 422 0 r p 1/10/29 19.2 35.1 8.14 29 80. 489 50 r P 2/24/29 25.9 36.0 8.19 29 80 490 100 r p 2/24/29 23.4 36.2 8.16 32 81 493 0 r p 2/26/29 26.5 35.8 8.19 38 81 495 100 r Pp 2/26/29 23.6 36.2 8.18 36 85 512 0 r p 3/ 6/29 27.9 36.2 8.22 40 87 523 0 r p 3/11/29 27.8 36.1 8.28 17 87 524 50 r p 3/11/29 26.5 36.1 8.26 20 89 530 0 r p 3/23/29 28.4 35.6 8.25 21 90 536 50 r p 3/25/29 28.6 35.6 8.26 21 90 537 100 r p 3/25/29 26.3 35.8 8.24 21 91 542 0 oc p 3/27/29 28.7 35.1 8.30 21 91 544 100 r p 3/27/29 25.8 36.0 8.25 30 92 547 0 r p 3/29/29 28.5 35.3 8.29 28 92 549 100 oc p 3/29/29 26.2 36.0 8.28 28 93 552 0 oc p 3/31/29 28.7 34.7 8.30 28 93 553 100 oc p 3/31/29 27.6 35.8 8.27 29 94 562 100 r p 4/22/29 28.5 35.6 8.21 25 95 565 0 r p 4/24/29 29.4 34.7 8.26 14 95 566 50 r p 4/24/29 29.3 34.9 8.24 16 95 567 100 r p 4/24/29 28.5 35.4 8.22 21 96 573 100 r p 4/26/29 28.2 35.7 8.19 25 97 577 0 oc p 4/28/29 28.3 35.2 8.16 24 97 578 50 oc p 4/28/29 28.0 35.4 8.16 21 99 593 50 r p 5/ 2/29 27.8 34.9 8.22 12 100 598 0 r p 5/ 4/29 27.7 34.7 8.21 10 100 602 100 oc p 5/ 4/29 27.6 34.7 8.22 12 101 606 0 E p 5/ 7/29 26.3 34.7 8.24 8 102 610 50 r n 5/ 9/29 25.8 35.0 8.24 8 102 612 0 r p 5/ 9/29 25.8 35.0 8.24 8 102 614 100 oc p 5/ 9/29 25.6 35.0 8.23 8 103 616 50 r n 5/11/29 25.8 35.2 8.25 5 103 618 0 oc p 5/11/29 26.0 35.0 8.25 5 103 620 100 r p 5/11/29 24.8 35.2 8.25 5 104 626 100 oc p 5/13/29 25.3 35.3 8.21 7 105 630 0 oc Pp 5/15/29 26.9 34.9 8.23 5 105 631 50 oc p 5/15/29 26.8 34.9 8.23 5 107 640 50 r n 5/19/29 27.9 34.4 8.23 4 107 642 0 oc p 5/19/29 28.0 34.4 8.23 5 65 66 Depth Relative Appa- Temperature | Salinity Satie pate [mec [oven CERATIUM IN THE PACIFIC AND NORTH ATLANTIC OCEANS Table 11. Distributional and environmental records for Ceratium teres--Concluded SSS HRP HH ONN HENNE HR AN ANAS ° BUVUDGDVTVVUVUVDVUUSUUUU SUAS 5/29/29 6/ 5/29 6/ 5/29 6/ 5/29 6/29/29 9/ 8/29 9/12/29 9/16/29 9/16/29 9/16/29 10/ 5/29 10/ 7/29 10/11/29 10/13/29 10/15/29 10/15/29 10/17/29 10/19/29 10/26/29 10/29/29 35.0 34.6 34.7 34.6 Table 12. Distributional and environmental records for Ceratium kofoidii PO4 mg/m3 S WWMAMWaNcnw wo Hn oP 10-109 cvoDUDUDUUDUA Ss 11/17/28 11/19/28 11/19/28 10/ 7/29 Table 13. Distributional and environmental records for Ceratium bohmii Depth Relative Appa- Temperature | Salinity PO4 a Ee | ery | | mera 230 232 234 243 585 HORA HNN NANN cvUUDUDUU SU SU0dS 11/ 8/28 6/29/29 70 110 APPENDIX Table 14. Distributional and environmental records for Ceratium lineatum PO4 mg/m3 Relative abundance Appa- ratus SUP SSVVTASVUSSSSSSPAAA sess sss 5/21/28 5/23/28 5/31/28 5/31/28 7/28/28 1/28/28 Temperature Pi = Ree NN ee _ MNODMNOIBABEEKRAMVYIBDOORS — et Salinity (0/00) 8.15 8.12 8.08 Table 15. Distributional and environmental records for Ceratium setaceum Depth Pome 2b: Appa- Temperature Salinity PO4 434 435 666 50 100 2 oc Pp Pp Pp 1/13/29 1/13/29 5/31/29 21.2 15.4 17.9 35.1 35.0 34.7 8.05 7.88 8.14 Table 16. Distributional and environmental records for Ceratium bigelowii pers see Appa- Temperature Tae a SMT Nas Ni Hg Mae Ta ad Ma Meg Jade a a PT Ii Sg a Ii BES ESSSESSSSSP SOUPS SUP SUS ASA psa 11/19/28 11/23/28 11/23/28 11/25/28 11/27/28 12/14/28 12/18/28 12/20/28 2/20/29 2/20/29 2/26/29 3/23/29 3/23/29 3/23/29 4/24/29 9/16/29 22.4 23.8 103 178 11 PO4 mg/m 68 CERATIUM IN THE PACIFIC AND NORTH ATLANTIC OCEANS Table 16. Distributional and environmental records for Ceratium bigelowii--Concluded Depth Relative Appa- Temperature Salinity PO4 154 958 r n 10/31/29 28.3 34.2 8.39 7 154 959 50 r n 10/31/29 28.2 34.2 8.40 ti 155 965 0 r n 11/ 2/29 27.8 34.9 8.29 29 155 966 50 r n 11/ 2/29 27.7 34.9 8.30 30 155 967 100 rn n 11/ 2/29 27.2 35.0 8.30 35 158 983 0 r n 11/ 8/29 28.2 35.6 8.34 36 158 984 50 r n 11/ 8/29 28.2 35.6 8.39 50 159 990 0 oc n 11/11/29 28.6 35.7 8.37 15 159 991 50 oc n 11/11/29 28.5 35.7 8.39 15 159 992 100 r n 11/11/29 28.0 35.7 8.37 23 Table 17. Distributional and environmental records for Ceratium inflatum Depth Relative Appa- Temperature | Salinity PO4 Ru pate [Pee | erool | 2 | mera 17 112 r n 8/15/28 21.9 36.6 8.28 12 18 118 30 r n 8/17/28 22.4 36.8 8.24 5 20-21 131 0 r n 8/24/28 (26.6 36.3 8.32 4) 24 151 0 r p 8/31/28 27.2 35.2 8.32 4 37 218 50 r n 11/ 1/28 18.8 34.5 8.00 121 53 304 50 x, n 12/15/28 21.2 35.8 8.20 13 54 320 50 r n 12/14/28 19.8 35.4 8.18 17 56 330 100 r n 12/18/28 16.6 34.8 8.11 12 90 533 0 r n 3/25/29 28.5 35.5 8.27 21 99 589 0 r n 5/ 2/29 27.9 34.9 8.21 12 99 590 50 oc n 5/ 2/29 27.8 34.9 8.22 12 99 595 0 r n 5/ 2/29 27.9 34.9 8.21 12 100 597 100 r n 5/ 4/29 27.6 34.7 8.22 12 101 603 0 r n 5/ 1/29 26.3 34.7 8.24 8 101 605 100 r n 5/ 7/29 25.2 35.1 8.23 8 104 621 0 r n 5/13/29 25.8 35.2 8.24 7 104 625 50 r p 5/13/29 25.8 35.2 8.24 7 105 627 50 r n 5/15/29 26.8 34.9 8.23 5 105 629 100 r n 5/15/29 25.2 35.1 8.23 5 106 633 0 r n 5/17/29 27.2 35.0 8.23 5 106 634 50 r n 5/17/29 27.0 35.0 8.23 5 106 635 100 r n 5/17/29 25.6 35.1 8.23 5 107 642 0 Ly p 5/19/29 28.0 34.4 8.23 5 111 672 50 r p 6/ 3/29 19.4 34.6 8.17 5 138 845 100 r n 9/20/29 22.2 34.8 8.31 3 142 874 100 r n 10/ 8/29 16.6 34.4 8.27 7 145 890 0 r n 10/13/29 22.3 34.6 8.29 6 145 894 50 r p 10/13/29 18.7 34.3 8.34 6 151 942 50 r p 10/26/29 18.3 ete cod occ 158 983 0 r n 11/ 8/29 28.2 35.6 8.34 36 159 990 0 r n 11/11/29 28.6 35.7 8.37 15 Table 18. Distributional and environmental records for Ceratium longirostrum Depth Relative Appa- Temperature | Salinity PO4 ce oj | “oreo | | moras 1 oe r 5/18/28 (20.3 36.5 8.18 36) 20 128 r 5 8/22/28 26.0 36.6 8.37 5 49 277 0 r n 11/27/28 23.4 36.2 8.27 13 49 279 100 r n 11/27/28 21.6 35.9 8.26 13 49 282 100 iy p 11/27/28 21.6 35.9 8.26 13 49a 283 0 r n 11/29/28 (23.2 36.0 8.23 13) 78 479 50 r p 2/20/29 23.8 36.1 8.14 32 84 505 0 r n 3/ 4/29 27.8 36.2 8.23 24 93 551 50 oc n 3/31/29 28.5 34.8 8.30 28 93 553 100 r p 3/31/29 27.6 35.8 8.27 29 96 570 100 r n 4/26/29 28.2 35.7 8.19 25 96 573 100 r p 4/26/29 28.2 35.7 8.19 25 98 585 50 by p 4/30/29 26.9 35.3 8.16 28 101 605 100 oc n 5/ 7/29 25.2 35.1 8.23 8 102 609 0 oc n 5/ 9/29 25.8 35.0 8.24 8 102 610 50 oc n 5/ 9/29 25.8 35.0 8.24 8 103 615 0 oc n 5/11/29 26.0 35.0 8.25 5 APPENDIX Table 18. Distributional and environmental records for Ceratium longirostrum--Concluded Depth Relative Appa- Temperature | Salinity PO4 t am pl ° a abundance | ratus «@c) (0/oo) mg/m3 50 103 616 r n 5/11/29 25.8 35.2 8.25 5 103 617 100 rT: n 5/11/29 24.8 35.2 8.25 5 103 618 0 is p 5/11/29 26.0 35.0 8.25 4) 104 621 0 i n 5/13/29 26.1 35.2 8.24 7 106 635 100 r n 5/17/29 25.6 35.1 8.23 5 107 639 0 r n 5/19/29 28.0 34.4 8.23 5 107 642 0 r p 5/19/29 28.0 34.4 8.23 5 145 890 0 r n 10/13/29 22.3 34.6 8.29 6 145 893 0 r p 10/13/29 22.3 34.6 8.29 6 Table 19. Distributional and environmental records for Ceratium falcatum Depth Relative Appa- Temperature | Salinity PO4 ee Gor | eroot | | moras 15 102 100 r n 8/11/28 18.4 36.4 8.20 19 50 286 100 r n 11/29/28 20.5 35.7 8.22 13 50a 291 0 r n 12/ 1/28 22.8 35.6 8.22 16 51 293 0 r n 12/ 1/28 22.8 35.6 8.22 16 51 294 50 r n 12/ 1/28 20.5 35.6 8.22 17 51 295 100 rt n 12/ 1/28 20.0 35.6 8.22 17 51 296 0 ie p 12/ 1/28 22.8 35.6 8.22 16 52 299 0 r n 12/ 3/28 22.8 35.6 8.22 16 52 301 100 r n 12/ 3/28 18.2 35.2 8.17 8 53 304 50 iG n 12/ 5/28 21.2 35.8 8.20 13 53-54 310 0 r n 12/14/28 (23.0 35.6 8.22 11) 5 323 0 r n 12/16/28 20.4 34.9 8.19 12 55 324 50 r n 12/16/28 18.7 35.0 8.18 12 56 330 100 r n 12/18/28 16.6 34.8 8.11 12 56 331 0 r p 12/18/28 20.8 34.9 8.13 9 56-57 334 0 r n 12/20/28 (19.0 34.5 8.14 20) 69 425 50 r n 1/12/29 17.4 35.1 7.99 151 69 426 100 r n 1/12/29 14.6 34.8 7.86 198 71 441 0 r p 2/ 6/29 23.5 35.2 8.13 58 74 459 0 r p 2/12/29 24.2 35.6 8.17 68 76 467 0 r n 2/16/29 23.4 35.9 8.15 50 80 488 0 r p 2/24/29 26.0 35.9 8.20 36 81 493 0 r p 2/26/29 26.5 35.8 8.19 38 82 498 0 r p 2/28/29 27.2 36.3 8.21 34 86 516 0 r n 3/ 9/29 28.3 36.2 8.29 20 86 518 0 r p 3/ 9/29 28.3 36.2 8.29 20 87 521 0 r n 3/11/29 27.8 36.1 8.28 17 87 522 50 r n 3/11/29 26.5 36.1 8.26 20 87 523 0 rT p 3/11/29 27.8 36.1 8.28 17 88 526 0 r n 3/21/29 28.5 35.9 8.23 16 89 532 0 r n 3/23/29 (28.4 35.6 8.25 21) 90 533 0 r n 3/25/29 28.5 35.5 8.27 21 90 535 0 r p 3/25/29 28.5 35.5 8.27 21 102 609 0 oc n 5/ 9/29 25.8 35.0 8.24 8 108 697 50 r n 5/27/29 26.8 35.0 8.24 4 109 656 100 r n 5/29/29 19.4 34.8 8.18 5 110 664 0 r p 5/31/29 23.9 34.7 8.18 5 138 843 0 r n 9/20/29 26.1 34.8 8.35 5 138 844 50 r p 9/20/29 25.6 34.7 8.30 3 139 850 50 r n 9/22/29 25.8 34.9 8.31 6 140 858 100 i n 10/ 3/29 25.5 35.0 8.34 u 149 920 0 r n 10/21/29 23.5 35.0 8.34 6 149 927 0 r p 10/21/29 23.5 35.0 8.34 6 150 930 50 r n 10/23/29 22.8 34.8 8.35 10 150 931 100 5 n 10/23/29 19.6 34.6 8.32 11 152 945 50 Tr n 10/27/29 14.2 34.5 7.87 53 158 985 100 te n 10/27/29 27.6 35.9 8.39 48 70 Depth Relative Appa- Temperature Salinity 35-36 CERATIUM IN THE PACIFIC AND NORTH ATLANTIC OCEANS Table 20. Distributional and environmental records for Ceratium extensum i oun a _ So ooooooocoococoococ0cc0cso o ry ow ooooooc]e 50 be her Whe he Me I) a0 c ARONA NRONANHNNOON NAH ° HANA AAR AAR NN ON NAA PSESSSSVUF SUSU SDV FSS SS SUF SS SSS SSSSVVUI SUS SVU SD SVU AS PDUS AS SUV AFD UUS BUU BESS eases 5/12/28 5/18/28 5/18/28 5/18/28 5/18/28 5/18/28 5/21/28 5/21/28 5/31/28 5/31/28 5/31/28 5/31/28 5/31/28 8/13/28 8/13/28 8/13/28 8/13/28 8/15/28 8/17/28 8/20/28 10/ 3/28 10/ 8/28 10/ 9/28 10/26/28 11/19/28 11/19/28 11/19/28 11/19/28 11/21/28 11/21/28 11/21/28 11/21/28 11/21/28 11/23/28 11/23/28 11/23/28 11/23/28 11/23/28 11/25/28 11/25/28 11/25/28 11/27/28 11/27/28 11/27/28 11/27/28 11/28/28 11/29/28 11/29/28 11/30/28 11/30/28 11/30/28 12/ 1/28 12/ 1/28 12/ 1/28 12/ 1/28 12/ 3/28 12/10/28 12/10/28 12/10/28 12/14/28 12/14/28 12/14/28 12/16/28 12/18/28 12/18/28 12/20/28 12/24/28 12/26/28 12/26/28 12/28/28 12/28/28 12/28/28 1/ 1/29 1/ 1/29 1/ 2/29 1/ 2/29 24.0 36.2 36.3 PO4 mg/m3 Station | Sample | Depth (m) APPENDIX Table 20. Distributional and environmental records for Ceratium extensum--Continued 389 390 0 391 0 392 0 393 0 394 0 398 0 402 0 408 0 416 0 422 0 468 50 469 100 472 476 50 4TT 100 478 0 479 50 480 100 481 482 50 483 100 484 0 486 0 488 0 489 50 490 100 491 492 50 493 0 494 50 495 100 496 0 497 50 498 0 501 0 502 50 504 50 505 0 506 50 510 0 511 50 512 0 516 0 517 50 518 0 521 0 523 0 525 100 526 0 528 0 529 50 530 0 532 0 533 0 535 0 536 50 540 0 541 50 542 0 543 50 544 100 545 546 50 548 50 551 50 552 0 553 100 558 50 559 100 561 50 565 568A 0 569 50 572 50 577 0 Relative abundance DAN SRO VASE SILOS Qn seas spas ra pa Arab AS Obras pradns arabes rsa rAArs oc ANOONNR NNN HANAOHS aa Appa- Date Temperature Salinity ratus (°C) (0/oo) DVUFHFVTUVUSFSVVUSFSVSSVVUVUS SUVS SUS SSVUUVUSVSSUVU ASS SUS SUA SVPVUVU A SVUVVU ASUS SSVeVUVU AP ASS SPU eV eS ese sass 1/ 2/29 1/ 2/29 1/ 3/29 1/ 3/29 4/28/29 71 12 CERATIUM IN THE PACIFIC AND NORTH ATLANTIC OCEANS Table 20. Distributional and environmental records for Ceratium extensum--Continued Depth Relative Appa- Temperature Salinity PO4 97 578 r p 4/28/29 28.0 35.4 8.16 21 98 584 * QR p 4/30/29 27.0 35.3 8.16 24 98 585 50 r p 4/30/29 26.9 35.3 8.16 28 99 594 100 rT p 5/ 2/29 27.8 35.0 8.22 17 99 595 0 r n 5/ 2/29 27.9 34.9 8.21 12 100 596 50 r n 5/ 4/29 27.6 34.7 8.21 10 100 597 100 tr n 5/ 4/29 27.6 34.7 8.22 12 100 598 0 r Pp 5/ 4/29 27.7 34.7 8.21 10 102 609 0 c n 5/ 9/29 25.8 35.0 8.24 8 102 610 50 oc n 5/ 9/29 25.8 35.0 8.24 8 102 611 100 oc n 5/ 9/29 25.6 35.0 8.23 8 102 612 0 r p 5/ 9/29 25.8 35.0 8.24 8 102 613 50 r p 5/ 9/29 25.8 35.0 8.24 8 103 615 0 oc n 5/11/29 26.0 35.0 8.25 5 103 616 50 r n 5/11/29 25.8 35.2 8.25 5 103 617 100 oc n 5/11/29 24.8 35.2 8.25 5 103 618 0 re p 5/11/29 26.0 35.0 8.25 5 104 622 50 oc n 5/13/29 25.8 35.2 8.24 7 104 626 100 r p 5/13/29 25.3 35.3 8.21 7 105 627 50 c n 5/15/29 26.8 34.9 8.23 5 105 628 50 c n 5/15/29 26.8 34.9 8.23 5 105 630 0 oc Pp 5/15/29 26.9 34.9 8.23 5 105 631 50 oc Pp 5/15/29 26.8 34.9 8.23 5 106 633 0 c n 5/17/29 27.2 35.0 8.23 5 106 634 50 oc n 5/17/29 27.0 35.0 8.23 5 106 635 100 c n 5/17/29 25.6 35.1 8.23 5 106 636 0 r p 5/17/29 27.2 35.0 8.23 5 106 637 50 r p 5/17/29 27.0 35.0 8.23 5 107 639 0 c n 5/19/29 28.0 34.4 8.23 5 107 640 50 oc n 5/19/29 27.9 34.4 8.23 4 107 641 100 oc n 5/19/29 26.8 34.9 8.23 11 107 642 0 r p 5/19/29 28.0 34.4 8.23 5 107 643 50 r p 5/19/29 27.9 34.4 8.23 4 107 645 50 oc p 5/19/29 27.9 34.4 8.23 “4 : 108 649 0 r p 5/27/29 28.4 35.0 8.25 4 Guam 652 0 oc n DY SAD Ie iccson 9) WE) icoaig= 50300 soc 109 654 0 oc n 5/29/29 27.4 35.0 8.23 4 109 655 50 ve n 5/29/29 23.1 35.0 8.22 3 109 658 50 oc p 5/29/29 23.1 35.0 8.22 3 110 664 0 oc p 5/31/29 23.9 34.7 8.18 5 112 675 50 z n 6/ 5/29 21.7 34.6 8.23 7 112 677 0 r p 6/ 5/29 23.2 34.6 8.22 a 128 779 0 r n 1/25/29 16.4 33.0 8.12 29 129 780 0 r n 1/27/29 16.3 33.1 8.13 25 130 787 0 oc n 9/ 4/29 16.2 33.4 8.34 36 131 793 0 iG p 9/ 6/29 19.3 33.4 8.34 cess 132 801 0 r p 9/ 8/29 21.0 33.9 8.34 15 133 814 100 7 p 9/10/29 18.4 34.8 8.31 7 134 808 0 r n 9/12/29 22.9 34.7 8.34 6 134 809 50 7 n 9/12/29 19.8 34.6 8.34 6 137 840 0 De p 9/18/29 25.5 35.0 8.39 4 140 862 100 r p 10/ 3/29 25.5 35.0 8.34 7 141 864 0 ve n 10/ 5/29 25.9 35.2 8.34 5 141 868 0 r p 10/ 5/29 25.9 35.2 8.34 5 142 872 0 re n 10/ 7/29 24.1 34.8 8.33 5 142 873 50 oc n 10/ 7/29 21.8 34.8 8.30 5 142 876 0 Ty p 10/ 7/29 24.1 34.8 8.33 5 142 877 50 r p 10/ 7/29 21.8 34.8 8.30 5a) ¢ 142 879 100 r p 10/ 7/29 16.6 34.4 8.27 7 143 881 0 oc n 10/ 9/29 22.4 34.4 8.30 6 143 882 50 oc n 10/ 9/29 19.0 34.2 8.34 6 143 883 100 oc n 10/ 9/29 13.8 34.1 8.30 10 143 884 0 r p 10/ 9/29 19.0 34.2 8.34 6 143 885 50 oc n 10/ 9/29 19.0 34.2 8.34 6 144 886 0 r n 10/11/29 23.3 35.0 8.37 6 144 887 0 oc p 10/11/29 23.3 35.0 8.37 6 144 888 50 r p 10/11/29 21.1 34.7 8.33 6 144 889 100 fs p 10/11/29 16.6 34.5 8.37 6 145 890 0 oc n 10/13/29 22.3 34.6 8.29 6 145 891 50 oc n 10/13/29 18.7 34.3 8.34 6 145 893 0 oc p 10/13/29 22.3 34.6 8.29 6 145 894 50 oc p 10/13/29 18.7 34.3 8.34 6 146 898 100 r n_ 10/15/29 19.7 34.3 8.26 7 146 900 0 r p 10/15/29 22.4 34.9 8.37 6 146 902 100 r p 10/15/29 19.7 34.3 8.26 ut! AEs eee ee ee APPENDIX Table 20. Distributional and environmental records for Ceratium extensum --Concluded Depth Relative Appa- Temperature | Salinity PO4 r 152 946 100 n 10/27/29 11.4 34.7 7.76 75 152 949 50 re p 10/27/29 14.2 34.5 7.87 53 158 983 0 oc n 11/ 8/29 28.2 35.6 8.34 36 158 984 50 oc n 11/ 8/29 28.2 35.6 8.39 50 158 985 100 c n 11/ 8/29 27.6 35.9 8.39 48 159 991 50 oc Nee /L 7/29) 28.5 35.7 8.39 15 159 992 100 r n 11/11/29 28.0 35.7 8.37 23 Table 21. Distributional and environmental records for Ceratium fusus Depth Relative Appa- Temperature | Salinity PO4 19 3 100 r n 5/21/28 13.6 35.9 8.10 48 3 20 0 c n 5/21/28 15.5 36.1 8.15 99 3-4 21 0 r n 5/23/28 (15.1 36.0 8.15 96) 4 24 50 r n 5/23/28 14.4 36.0 8.15 21 4 25 0 r n 5/23/28 14.6 35.9 8.16 92 5 28 50 oc n 5/25/28 14.6 36.0 8.21 36 5 29 0 oc n 5/25/28 15.0 35.9 8.19 16 5a 33 0 c n 5/31/28 12.4 35.6 8.15 a 5a 34 0 r n 5/31/28 12.4 35.6 8.15 21 6 35 0 c n 5/31/28 12.4 35.6 8.15 21 6 36 50 c n 5/31/28 11.6 35.6 8.12 32 6 37 100 c n 5/31/28 11.3 35.6 8.08 41 6 42 0 c n 5/31/28 12.4 35.6 8.15 21 6b 43 0 oc n 5/31/28 12.4 35.6 8.15 21 6b 44 0 c n 5/31/28 12.4 35.6 8.15 21 6b 45 0 oc n 5/31/28 12.4 35.6 8.15 21 6b 46 0 oc n 5/31/28 12.4 35.6 8.15 21 6c 48 0 oc n 5/31/28 12.4 35.6 8.15 21 6c 49 0 c n 5/31/28 12.4 35.6 8.15 21 7 56 0 oc n 7/13/28 8.9 35.2 8.08 34 8 59 0 oc n 7/15/28 10.3 35.2 7.93 13 8 60 50 zy n 7/15/28 9.1 35.2 7.95 27 8 61 100 oc n 7/15/28 8.4 35.3 7.95 54 9 64 0 a n 1/28/28 11.2 35.1 8.08 20 9 65 50 a n 7/28/28 8.4 35.1 7.96 55 9 66 100 a n 1/28/28 7.6 35.1 7.98 56 10 68 0 a n 7/30/28 10.9 34.9 8.08 28 10 69 50 a n 7/30/28 10.0 34.9 8.04 34 11 73 0 oc n 8/ 1/28 10.7 34.9 8.06 27 11 74 50 oc n 8/ 1/28 7.3 34.9 7.92 63 11 75 0 r p 8/ 1/28 10.7 34.9 8.06 27 11 76 50 r p 8/ 1/28 7.3 34.9 7.92 63 11 TT 100 r p 8/ 1/28 6.3 35.1 7.90 66 lla 78 0 a n 8/ 1/28 (10.7 34.9 8.06 27) 13 83 0 r n 8/ 7/28 11.3 32.7 8.09 19 13a 89 0 r n 8/ 9/28 (21.2 35.2 8.18 11) 14 93 0 c p 8/ 9/28 21.2 35.2 8.18 11 14 95 50 r n 8/ 9/28 15.0 35.1 8.18 16 15 97 0 oc p 8/11/28 34.8 36.4 8.21 11 15 98 50 oc p 8/11/28 19.8 36.5 8.21 8 15 99 100 oc p 8/11/28 18.4 36.4 8.20 19 15 100 0 oc n 8/11/28 24.8 36.4 8.21 11 15 102 100 r n 8/11/28 18.4 36.4 8.20 19 16 103 0 1 p 8/13/28 25.9 36.2 8.24 8 16 104 50 r p 8/13/28 24.4 36.4 8.23 8 16 105 100 i p 8/13/28 19.9 36.5 8.17 13 16 106 0 r n 8/13/28 25.9 36.2 8.24 8 16 107 50 r n 8/13/28 24.4 36.4 8.23 8 16 108 100 oc n 8/13/28 19.9 36.5 8.17 13 17 109 0 r p 8/15/28 26.2 36.6 8.29 9 17 110 50 oc p 8/15/28 21.9 36.6 8.28 12 17 111 0 a n 8/15/28 26.2 36.6 8.29 9 18 114 0 oc p 8/17/28 27.0 37.0 8.23 5 18 117 0 r n 8/17/28 27.0 37.0 8.23 5 22 139 0 r p 8/27/28 26.7 36.0 8.26 8 23 145 0 r p 8/29/28 27.2 35.9 8.25 4 25 158 50 r p 9/ 3/28 21.5 36.0 8.22 12 33 197A 0 r p 10/ 8/28 28.5 35.6 8.23 4 35 207 50 r p 10/26/28 16.8 34.7 7.92 138 37 219 100 r n_11/ 1/28 15.1 34.9 7.82 153 74 CERATIUM IN THE PACIFIC AND NORTH ATLANTIC OCEANS Table 21. Station Sample Depth (m) Distributional and environmental records for Ceratium fusus--Continued Appa- Temperature Salinity ratus (°C) (0/00) a a oooococoooc0c00eo _ So o Relative abundance SARA AAN NOOR AKA oa nOO0 a0 ° lo) oc held ala hind chia lde) fo} a BA rs) La A he a COPS SSS OES RATA RA lea Oa neds Oued DUFVVVUVVVVUVUVUUUTUUUFUVUUFSSUSVUVUVUUSUUSSUUVUUFSUUAS AS esse aves sos PUD ASS SSuvAA sy epD AAs 11/ 8/28 11/10/28 11/13/28 11/19/28 11/19/28 11/19/28 11/19/28 11/23/28 11/29/28 11/29/28 11/29/28 12/ 1/28 12/ 1/28 12/ 1/28 12/22/28 12/22/28 12/22/28 12/22/28 12/24/28 12/24/28 12/24/28 12/24/28 12/26/28 12/26/28 12/26/28 12/26/28 12/26/28 12/28/28 12/28/28 12/30/28 1/ 1/29 1/ 3/29 1/ 3/29 1/ 3/29 1/ 3/29 1/ 5/29 1/ 5/29 1/ 8/29 1/10/29 1/10/29 1/12/29 1/13/29 2/ 6/29 2/ 6/29 2/ 6/29 2/ 6/29 2/ 8/29 2/ 8/29 2/ 8/29 2/12/29 2/14/29 2/16/29 2/16/29 2/20/29 2/20/29 2/20/29 2/20/29 2/20/29 2/22/29 2/24/29 2/24/29 2/24/29 2/26/29 2/26/29 2/26/29 2/28/29 2/28/29 3/ 6/29 3/ 6/29 3/ 9/29 3/23/29 3/25/29 3/29/29 3/31/29 3/31/29 3/31/29 22.2 8.21 7.94 8.06 8.12 8.00 8.12 PO4 mg/m3 Table 21. Distributional and environmental records for Ceratium fusus--Concluded APPENDIX 75 Dep! Appa- Temperature | Salinity PO4 Stati S 1 a (on | oreo) | | mgr 555 561 0 ith Relative ) abundance r ° ee ade Ma syepa Ma sella Mala lhad BUDD AFFSVUVHAVVUUVUU AFA SUSVUAS SUVS SVUUSUD SS VCU SVU U AUDA VU UUD UU US ASU UUD Uso 10/26/29 ( 18.3 _ _ AAWWOAPLPORDKHOMMDACTIOPMODDDWPOONONWN-10 IMINO oder. a) lene. ste ssierk arte CEaC) sigternie(uie.jecije {s< 0) jel wiacetetetalet ate SCAWARDDOWNUDNONUANUNTWWHORE MANE OHOAINNYNYND ed Se AACA PPPEEAKOWDHWODWPRWORWDODANADNDODODOHODNNOUONADAOANAODAAU $2 SP Ge G2 CO GO Go GO Co Co Co CO ~I CO ~I =I G9 90 60 00 I =I 09 SI I I I SV SI SI SI SI I SI I $I. © C0 0D CD GD C0 GD CD Gd C0 GD CD Go CD Co CD CO C0 CO WWWNWWWWHOKM ODO DDOODOOTODOODODODODODODO OOH HOHE HONE HEHEHE ENE NNNNLD Table 22. Distributional and environmental records for Ceratium tripos subsp. atlanticum a Dep Appa- Temperature | Salinity PO4 th Relative ) abundance 0 oc 1 1 n 5/12/28 24.0 36.2 8.16 34 1 2 70 r n 5/12/28 22.4 36.4 8.15 36 la 3 0 oc n 5/18/28 22.3 36.3 8.20 46 1b u 50 c n 5/18/28 21.7 36.3 8.20 38 2 12 50 oc n 5/18/28 20.5 36.4 8.21 46 2 13 100 c n 5/18/28 19.8 36.4 8.21 46 2 14 0 c n 5/18/28 20.5 36.4 8.23 58 2 15 0 r n 5/18/28 20.5 36.4 8.23 58 3 17 0 oc n 5/21/28 15.5 36.1 8.15 99 76 CERATIUM IN THE PACIFIC AND NORTH ATLANTIC OCEANS Table 22. Distributional and environmental records for Ceratium tripos subsp. atlanticum--Continued 3 100 9 n 5/21/28 13.6 35.9 8.10 48 4 23 100 r; n 5/23/28 13.4 35.9 8.12 50 4 24 50 ie n 5/23/28 14.4 36.0 8.15 21 5a 33 0 c n 5/31/28 (12.4 35.6 8.15 21) da 34 0 r n 5/31/28 12.4 35.6 8.15 21 6 35 0 c n 5/31/28 12.4 35.6 8.15 21 6 36 50 c n 5/31/28 11.6 35.6 8.12 32 6 37 100 c n 5/31/28 11.3 35.6 8.08 41 6a 40 0 r n 5/31/28 12.4 35.6 8.15 21 6a 42 0 c n 6/ 2/28 12.4 35.6 8.15 21 6b 43 0 c n 6/ 2/28 12.4 35.6 8.15 21 6b 44 0 c n 6/ 2/28 12.4 35.6 8.15 21 6b 45 0 c n 6/ 2/28 12.4 35.6 8.15 21 6b 46 0 c n 6/ 2/28 12.4 35.6 8.15 21 6c 47 100 c n 6/ 2/28 11.3 35.6 8.08 41 6c 48 0 g n 6/ 2/28 12.4 35.6 8.15 21 6c 49 0 c n 6/ 4/28 12.4 35.6 8.15 21 6e 52 0 r n T/ 8/28 10.6 35.4 8.11 28 6f 53 0 c n 1/ 9/28 10.6 35.4 8.11 28 6g 54 0 c n 7/10/28 10.6 35.4 8.11 oo 6h 55 0 oc n 7/11/28 10.6 35.4 8.11 28 7 56 0 oc n 7/11/28 8.9 35.2 8.08 34 ia 57 50 oc n 7/11/28 8.2 35.2 8.03 47 7 58 100 oc n 7/11/28 8.1 35.2 8.04 57 8 59 0 Cc n 7/15/28 10.3 35.2 7.93 13 8 60 50 c n 7/15/28 9.1 35.2 7.95 27 8 61 100 oc n 7/15/28 8.4 35.3 7.95 54 9 64 0 a n 7/28/28 11.2 35.1 8.08 20 9 65 50 a n 7/28/28 8.4 35.1 7.96 55 9 66 100 c n 7/28/28 7.6 35.1 7.98 56 9 67 0 r n 1/28/28 11.2 35.1 8.08 20 10 68 0 a n 7/30/28 10.9 34.9 8.08 28 10 69 50 c n 7/30/28 10.0 34.9 8.04 34 10 70 100 oc n 7/30/28 6.6 35.0 7.95 52 11 73 0 oc n 8/ 1/28 10.7 34.9 8.06 27 11 74 50 r n 8/ 1/28 7.3 34.9 7.92 63 11 15 oc p 8/ 1/28 10.7 34.9 8.06 27 11 17 100 r p 8/ 1/28 6.3 35.1 7.90 66 lla 78 oc n 8/ 1/28 (10.7 34.9 8.06 27) 14 90 0 oc n 8/ 9/28 21.2 35.2 8.18 27 14 91 100 oc p 8/ 9/28 14.0 35.6 8.06 34 14 93 0 c p 8/ 9/28 21.2 35.2 8.18 34 16 106 0 oc n 8/13/28 25.9 36.2 8.24 8 16 107 50 c n 8/13/28 24.4 36.4 8.23 8 25 157 0 r p 9/ 3/28 27.5 35.6 8.31 5. 30 186 50 r p 9/15/28 27.8 36.1 8.29 3 30 189 50 r n 9/15/28 27.8 36.1 8.29 3 32 194 0 oc n 10/ 3/28 28.0 36.0 8.23 2 32 196A 100 r p 10/ 5/28 22.2 36.4 8.10 30 33 198A 50 oc p 10/ 8/28 28.2 36.2 8.24 4 37 217 0 oc n 11/ 1/28 27.1 31.7 8.28 15 37 218 50 oc n 11/ 1/28 18.8 34.5 8.00 121 37 220 0 oc p 11/ 1/28 27.1 31.7 8.28 15 39 225 0 r n 11/ 1/28 24.8 33.0 8.24 16 39 226 50 r n 11/ 6/28 16.3 34.6 7.92 48 39 227 100 r n 11/ 6/28 14.0 35.0 7.88 181 41 235 0 r n 11/10/28 20.4 34.2 8.11 32 42 241 0 r n 11/13/28 18.7 34.7 8.06 45 42 242 50 r n 11/13/28 17.2 34.9 7.99 68 43 246 100 r n 11/15/28 13.6 35.0 7.90 92 43 247 0 r p 11/15/28 19.6 34.8 8.09 52 44 253 0 r p 11/17/28 20.7 34.9 8.03 38 45 256 0 oc n 11/19/28 22.4 35.3 8.12 38 45 258 100 oc n 11/19/28 18.6 35.1 8.00 50 60 354 c n 12/26/28 15.0 34.0 8.07 50 60 355 50 oc n 12/26/28 13.4 34.0 8.06 34 60 356 100 oc n 12/26/28 10.6 34.0 8.03 62 60 357 0 oc p 12/26/28 15.0 34.0 8.07 50 60-61 360 0 c n 12/26/28 15.0 34.0 8.07 50 60-61 361 0 oc n 12/26/28 15.0 34.0 8.07 50 60-61 362 0 c n 12/26/28 15.0 34.0 8.07 50 61 363 0 a n 12/28/28 16.9 34.0 8.05 46 61 364 50 c n 12/28/28 14.0 34.0 8.05 60 61 365 100 oc n 12/28/28 10.8 34.0 8.03 80 61 366 0 a p 12/28/28 16.9 34.0 8.05 46 61 367 50 c p 12/28/28 14.0 34.0 8.05 60 61 368 100 c p 12/28/28 10.8 34.0 8.03 80 Table 22. Distributional and environmental records for Ceratium tripos subsp. atlanticur --Concluded Depth Relative Appa- Temperature | Salinity SS Cor | ere 369 371 OREO. @iOlO oc ie) lee} Sate OB OL a ORIOL LOOUA LONG IA Gir APPENDIX BUBSSVVUSSUSSSUDUSSSUVUUUS ES SUUUS SASS SUUSUS SSS SUUSUUS SUS SBOE BUS DUDE ABU Eas BUSS 12/28/28 12/30/28 12/30/28 12/30/28 12/30/28 1/ 1/29 1/ 1/29 2/10/29 2/10/29 2/10/29 2/10/29 2/12/29 2/22/29 2/22/29 10/ 9/29 10/15/29 10/15/29 10/15/29 10/15/29 10/15/29 (16.9 19.2 16.2 13.1 16.2 ee — _ — ee De ee pet fk et ek ek ek pk pk pk pe _ | ll ell ell eal Sell cee S~ el ell Se ed de ee ll ol pred ORCL co MNO WOOIRD AD anes ae eee ce eee Set aoe ee har aed ee anti > SD) BD ED) OVC) 8G; Oo) =a er VPARP ODCOOROORWROWROWWWHH WHO INO INWEANONAOANANWONE 8.05 8.12 8.10 PO4 mg/m® AR IDARMRMAAIAMWD AH 71 78 CERATIUM IN THE PACIFIC AND NORTH ATLANTIC OCEANS Table 23. Distributional and environmental records for Ceratium tripos subsp. semipulchellum 1 1 oc n 5/12/28 24.0 36.2 8.16 34 1 2 70 r n 5/12/28 22.4 36.4 8.15 36 la 4 0 c n 5/18/28 22.3 36.3 8.20 46 la 5 0 c n 5/18/28 22.3 36.3 8.20 46 1b 6 0 c n 5/18/28 22.3 36.3 8.20 46 1b 7 50 c n 5/18/28 21.7 36.3 8.20 38 1b 8 100 oc n 5/18/28 20.0 36.5 8.18 36 2 12 50 oc n 5/18/28 20.5 36.4 8.21 46 14 101 50 r n 8/ 9/28 15.0 35.1 8.18 16 15 102 100 r n 8/11/28 18.4 36.4 8.20 19 16 104 50 r p 8/13/28 24.4 36.4 8.23 8 16 107 50 r n 8/13/28 24.4 36.4 8.23 8 16 108 100 rr n 8/13/28 19.9 36.5 8.17 13 17 111 0 r n 8/15/28 26.2 36.6 8.29 9 17 112 50 re n 8/15/28 21.9 36.6 8.28 12 17 113 100 r n 8/15/28 19.3 36.5 8.23 9 20 125 r p 8/22/28 26.0 36.6 8.37 5 20 128 0 oc n 8/22/28 26.0 36.6 8.37 5 23 145 0 oc p 8/29/28 27.2 35.9 8.25 4 23 148 0 oc n 8/29/28 27.2 35.9 8.25 4 23 149 50 oc n 8/29/28 20.9 36.0 8.14 13 23 150 100 r n 9/29/28 16.6 36.0 8.18 75 24 151 0 oc p 8/31/28 27.2 35.2 8.32 4 24 153 100 r p 8/31/28 15.6 35.6 7.96 99 24 154 0 oc n 8/31/28 27.2 35.2 8.32 4 24 156 100 r n 8/31/28 15.6 35.6 7.96 99 25 161 50 oc n 9/ 3/28 21.5 36.0 8.22 12 26 165 100 r p 9/ 5/28 14.9 35.6 8.11 40 27 169 100 re p 9/ 7/28 tft 36.0 8.09 46 27 172 100 oc n 9/ 7/28 17.7 36.0 8.09 46 28 174 50 r p 9/11/28 26.7 36.3 8.26 4 28 177 50 r n 9/11/28 26.7 36.3 8.26 4 29 180 50 r p 9/13/28 27.2 36.2 8.29 3 29 182 0 r n 9/13/28 27.6 36.2 8.31 3 30 186 50 oc p 9/15/28 27.8 36.1 8.29 3 30 189 50 c n 9/15/28 27.8 36.1 8.29 3 30 190 100 oc n 9/15/28 24.1 36.4 8.10 20 31 191 0 oc n 10/ 3/28 28.5 34.4 8.27 2 31 192 50 oc n 10/ 3/28 28.2 35.4 8.23 2 32 195 50 x n 10/ 5/28 27.2 36.0 8.24 2 33 198 50 r n 10/ 8/28 28.2 36.2 8.24 4 33 199A 100 ie p 10/ 8/28 22.3 36.5 8.18 23 34 201 100 oc n 10/ 9/28 20.5 36.6 8.16 16 34 202 50 oc n 10/ 9/28 25.0 36.5 8.21 3 35 207 50 x p 10/26/28 16.8 34.7 7.92 138 35a 208 0 oc n 10/30/28 26.5 31.6 8.23 16 35-36 209 0 oc n 10/26/28 27.4 29.7 8.31 15 35-36 212 0 oc n 10/30/28 26.9 35.6 8.27 15 36 213 0 rT n 10/30/28 26.5 31.6 8.23 16 36 215 100 r n 10/30/28 14.4 34.9 7.85 149 36 216 0 oc p 10/30/28 26.5 31.6 8.23 16 37 219 100 oc n 11/ 1/28 15.1 34.9 7.82 153 40 229 0 rr n 11/ 8/28 22.2 33.7 8.21 24 40 231 100 r n 11/ 8/28 13.9 35.0 7.85 159 40 232 r p 11/ 8/28 22.2 33.7 8.21 24 40 233 50 p 11/ 8/28 15.3 34.9 ion 16 40 234 100 r p 11/ 8/28 13.9 35.0 7.85 159 41 235 r n 11/10/28 20.4 34.2 8.11 32 41 237 100 r n 11/10/28 14.5 35.0 7.91 152 41 238 0 r p 11/10/28 20.4 34.2 8.11 32 41 239 100 r p 11/10/28 14.5 35.0 7.91 152 4la 240 0 r n 11/10/28 (20.4 34.2 8.11 32) 42 241 0 x n 11/13/28 18.7 34.7 8.06 45 43 247 0 r p 11/15/28 19.6 34.8 8.09 52 44 250 0 r n 11/17/28 20.7 34.9 8.03 38 45 257 50 r n 11/19/28 22.4 35.2 8.13 46 45 259 0 oc p 11/19/28 22.4 35.3 8.12 38 46 261 0 oc n 11/21/28 23.3 35.3 8.16 36 46 262 50 r n 11/21/28 23.2 35.3 8.16 40 46 263 100 r n 11/21/28 22.5 35.4 8.17 40 46 264 0 i p 11/21/28 23.3 35.3 8.16 36 46 265 50 r p 11/21/28 23.2 35.3 8.16 40 47 266 0 r n 11/23/28 23.9 36.0 8.23 17 47 267 50 c n 11/23/28 23.8 36.0 8.23 20 47 268 100 oc n 11/23/28 22.7 36.2 8.23 20 47 269 0 oc p 11/23/28 23.9 36.0 8.23 17 APPENDIX Table 23. Distributional and environmental records for Ceratium tripos subsp. semipulchellum--Continued oan a an SeooeoocoeoocoooocooocoocCoOCOoGOG I oc oc T Tr r r oc r oc oc Ts oc poh head ed tach Sa Sn a te ha AHOOANHO Qa QXANXANAANAHH ORAS AH OOO Qaa0 tee ay eh oa PERE P RU PSE RSS SPUUSSOUU BFE SSH SS RHO BEBE ESS SDOU NEOUS BON SDOGHHSBUNUOSUOHEEGG 11/23/28 11/23/28 11/25/28 11/25/28 11/25/28 11/25/28 11/27/28 11/27/28 12/18/28 12/18/28 12/20/28 12/20/28 12/20/28 12/20/28 12/20/28 12/20/28 12/22/28 12/24/28 12/24/28 12/24/28 12/24/28 12/28/28 12/28/28 12/28/28 12/30/28 12/30/28 12/30/28 12/30/28 1/ 1/29 1/ 1/29 1/ 1/29 1/ 1/29 “1/ 1/29 1/ 1/29 1/ 1/29 1/ 1/29 1/ 1/29 1/ 1/29 1/ 1/29 1/ 1/29 1/ 3/29 1/ 3/29 1/ 3/29 1/ 3/29 1/ 3/29 1/ 3/29 1/ 3/29 1/ 3/29 1/ 3/29 1/ 3/29 1/ 5/29 1/ 5/29 1/ 5/29 1/ 5/29 1/ 5/29 1/ 5/29 1/ 7/29 2/10/29 79 80 CERATIUM IN THE PACIFIC AND NORTH ATLANTIC OCEANS Table 23. Distributional and environmental records for Ceratium tripos subsp. semipulchellum --Continued Depth Relative Appa- : Temperature | Salinity HRaooooooOnsHaOHF OH COOnCOOOCCOCOCOCCOnMHOON ° 4 eaaanana ° fo) Qa00 eaannnanaana a0 Ciao wv ° eARMaanaoOonroaaenaanon aa ° annoo°o aaa oc BPE SFUVUFSVUSSVUFP ASP SVUS AS SVVUS SUS HS SUSU SS HSSS SHS SSUSSUSVUVUSSVVUVU AU SVU SSS UVU eA Sess 2/14/29 2/14/29 2/18/29 2/18/29 2/18/29 2/20/29 2/20/29 2/20/29 2/20/29 2/20/29 2/20/29 2/22/29 2/22/29 2/22/29 2/22/29 2/22/29 2/24/29 2/24/29 2/24/29 2/24/29 2/24/29 2/26/29 PO4 mg/m3 35.4 8.00 15 35.5 8.14 46 36.0 8.19 16 36.0 8.19 16 36.0 8.19 16 36.0 8.17 32 36.1 8.14 32 36.2 8.14 34 36.0 8.17 32 36.1 8.14 32 36.2 8.14 34 36.0 8.17 34 36.1 8.17 34 36.2 8.13 45 36.0 8.17 34 36.1 8.17 34 35.9 8.20 36 36.0 8.19 29 25.9 8.20 36 36.0 8.19 29 36.2 8.16 32 35.8 8.19 38 35.9 8.19 38 35.8 8.19 38 35.9 8.19 38 36.2 8.18 36 36.3 8.21 34 36.5 8.19 34 36.3 8.24 29 36.5 8.24 25 36.3 8.24 29 36.2 8.23 24 36.4 8.21 24 36.2 8.22 40 36.2 8.22 40 36.2 8.22 17 35.9 8.23 16 35.9 8.25 13 35.6 8.25 21 35.8 8.27 12 36.0 8.24 12 35.5 8.27 21 35.5 8.27 21 35.1 8.30 21 35.2 8.30 24 35.4 8.29 28 35.4 8.29 28 34.7 8.30 28 34.8 8.30 28 34.7 8.30 28 35.8 8.27 29 34.7 8.25 14 35.6 8.21 25 34.9 8.24 16 35.4 8.22 21 34.9 8.24 16 35.4 8.22 21 35.3 8.23 12 34.7 8.26 14) 35.3 8.23 12 35.7 8.19 25 35.3 8.23 12 35.7 8.19 25 35.4 8.16 21 35.6 8.15 25 35.4 8.16 21 35.6 8.15 25 35.3 8.16 24 APPENDIX Table 23. Distributional and environmental records for Ceratium tripos subsp. semipulchellum~--Continued Depth Relative Appa- Temperature Salini PO4 sation | samote | Pi)" [abundance | ts | Date [TRG [Soro | ™ | ments 592 oc p 5/ 2/29 27.9 34.9 8.21 12 592 0 r p 5/ 2/29 27.9 34.9 8.21 12 593 50 r p 5/ 2/29 27.8 34.9 8.22 12 594 100 r p 5/ 2/29 27.8 35.0 8.22 17 595 0 c n 5/ 2/29 27.9 34.9 8.21 12 596 50 c n 5/ 4/29 27.6 34.7 8.21 10 597 100 c n 5/ 4/29 27.6 34.7 8.22 12 598 0 oc p 5/ 4/29 27.7 34.7 8.21 10 599 50 oc p 5/ 4/29 27.6 34.7 8.21 10 602 100 oc p 5/ 4/29 27.6 34.7 8.22 12 603 0 c n 5/ 7/29 26.3 34.7 8.24 8 606 0 r p 5/ 1/29 26.3 34.7 8.24 8 607 50 r p 5/ 7/29 26.2 34.7 8.24 8 609 0 c n 5/ 9/29 25.8 35.0 8.24 8 610 50 c n 5/ 9/29 25.8 35.0 8.24 8 611 100 c n 5/ 9/29 25.6 35.0 8.23 8 612 0 r i) 5/ 9/29 25.8 35.0 8.24 8 613 50 oc p 5/ 9/29 25.8 35.0 8.24 8 615 0 c n 5/11/29 26.0 35.0 8.25 5 616 50 c n 5/11/29 25.8 35.2 8.25 5 617 100 c n 5/11/29 24.8 35.2 8.25 5 618 0 ie p 5/11/29 26.0 35.0 8.25 5 620 100 r Pp 5/11/29 24.8 35.2 8.25 5 621 0 c n 5/13/29 26.1 35.2 8.24 tf 622 50 c n 5/13/29 25.8 35.2 8.24 7 623 100 c n 5/13/29 25.3 35.3 8.21 7 625 50 r Pp 5/13/29 25.8 35.2 8.24 7 626 100 r p 5/13/29 25.3 35.3 8.21 7 628 50 c n 5/15/29 26.8 34.9 8.23 5 629 100 oc n 5/15/29 25.2 35.1 8.23 5 630 0 r p 5/15/29 26.9 34.9 8.23 5 633 0 oc n 5/17/29 27.2 35.0 8.23 5 634 50 c n 5/17/29 27.0 35.0 8.23 5 635 100 c n 5/17/29 25.6 35.1 8.23 5 639 0 c n 5/19/29 28.0 34.4 8.23 5 640 50 c n 5/19/29 27.9 34.4 8.23 4 641 100 c n 5/19/29 26.8 34.9 8.23 4 646 0 oc n 5/27/29 28.4 35.0 8.25 4 647 50 c n 5/27/29 26.8 35.0 8.24 4 648 100 c n 5/27/29 25.2 35.0 8.23 4 656 100 oc n 5/29/29 19.4 34.8 8.18 5 658 50 r p 5/29/29 23.1 35.0 8.22 3 659 100 r p 5/29/29 19.4 34.8 8.18 5 661 0 r n 5/31/29 23.9 34.7 8.18 5 661 0 oc p 5/31/29 23.9 34.7 8.18 5 664 0 a n 6/ 3/29 20.1 34.5 8.18 5 669 50 oc n 6/ 3/29 19.4 34.6 8.17 5 670 100 r n 6/ 3/29 18.2 34.7 8.13 13 671 0 oc Pp 6/ 3/29 20.1 34.5 8.18 5 672 50 oc p 6/ 3/29 19.4 34.6 8.17 5 674 0 c n 6/ 3/29 20.1 34.5 8.18 5 675 50 c n 6/ 5/29 21.7 34.6 8.23 7 676 100 oc n 6/ 5/29 19.8 34.7 8.20 8 677 0 oc p 5/29 23.2 34.6 8.22 U 680 0 c n 6/25/29 24.2 34.5 8.25 5 681 50 c n 6/25/29 23.8 34.6 8.25 5 682 100 c n 6/25/29 21.5 34.7 8.23 8 683 0 oc p 6/25/29 24.2 34.5 8.25 5 690 50 oc p 6/27/29 16.2 34.6 8.04 63 692 0 oc n 6/29/29 20.6 34.6 8.19 4 693 50 r n 6/29/29 17.5 34.6 8.12 17 694 100 7 n 6/29/29 15.6 34.6 8.08 27 695-6 0 oc p 6/29/29 20.6 34.6 8.19 4 709 50 oc n 7/ 3/29 12.5 34.2 8.06 51 804 0 oc n 9/10/29 22.7 34.7 8.47 7 805 50 oc n 9/10/29 20.8 34.7 8.37 tf 806 100 r n 9/10/29 18.4 34.8 8.31 tf 808 0 c n 9/12/29 22.9 34.7 8.34 6 809 50 oc n 9/12/29 19.8 34.6 8.34 6 810 100 oc n 9/12/29 18.1 34.6 8.34 6 812 0 oc p 9/10/29 22.7 34.7 8.47 if 814 100 oc p 9/10/29 18.4 34.8 8.31 7 815 0 oc p 9/12/29 22.9 34.7 8.34 6 817 100 oc p 9/12/29 18.1 34.6 8.34 6 822 100 oc n 9/14/29 18.7 34.8 8.34 5 81 82 CERATIUM IN THE PACIFIC AND NORTH ATLANTIC OCEANS Table 23. Distributional and environmental records for Ceratium tripos subsp. semipulchellum --Continued Depth Relative Appa- Temperature Salinity PO4 135 824 p 9/14/29 23.8 35.1 8.37 Uf 135 826 100 2 p 9/14/29 18.7 34.8 8.34 5 136 827 0 oc n 9/16/29 24.6 35.4 8.37 3 136 828 50 oc n 9/16/29 21.4 35.1 8.39 3 136 832 0 r p 9/16/29 24.6 35.4 8.37 3 136 829 100 oc n 9/16/29 18.6 35.0 8.39 3 136 833 50 r p 9/16/29 21.4 35.1 8.39 3 136 834 100 r p 9/16/29 18.6 35.0 8.39 3 137 836 0 c n 9/18/29 25.5 35.0 8.39 4 137 837 0 c n 9/18/29 25.5 35.0 8.39 4 137 840 0 Tr p 9/18/29 25.5 35.0 8.39 4 137 841 0 oc p 9/18/29 25.5 35.0 8.39 4 138 843 0 oc n 9/20/29 26.1 34.8 8.35 5 138 845 100 c n 9/20/29 22.2 34.8 8.31 3 138 848 50 r p 9/20/29 26.1 34.8 8.35 5 139 849 0 r n 9/22/29 26.7 34.8 8.34 6 139 850 50 c n 9/22/29 25.8 34.9 8.31 6 139 851 100 oc n 9/22/29 22.4 35.2 8.28 6 139 854 50 r 4) 9/22/29 25.8 34.9 8.31 6 139 855 100 r p 9/22/29 22.4 35.2 8.28 6 140 856 0 c n 0/ 3/29 26.9 35.0 8.42 T 140 857 50 oc n 10/ 3/29 26.9 35.0 8.39 7 140 858 100 oc n 10/ 3/29 25.5 35.0 8.34 uf 140 860 0 rd p 10/ 3/29 26.9 35.0 8.42 7 140 861 50 r p 10/ 3/29 26.9 35.0 8.39 7 140 863 100 r p 10/ 3/29 25.5 35.0 8.34 7 141 864 0 c n 10/ 5/29 25.9 35.2 8.34 5 141 865 50 c n 10/ 5/29 24.8 35.3 8.34 5 141 871 100 r p. 10/ 5/29 20.0 35.0 8.33 5 142 873 50 oc n 10/ 5/29 20.0 35.0 8.33 5 142 874 100 c n 10/ 5/29 16.6 34.4 8.27 7 142 876 0 oc p 10/ 5/29 24.1 34.8 8.33 5 142 878 100 7 p 10/ 5/29 16.6 34.4 8.27 7 142 879 100 r p 10/ 5/29 16.6 34.4 8.27 ih 143 881 0 c n 10/ 9/29 22.4 34.4 8.30 6 143 882 50 oc n 10/ 9/29 19.0 34.2 8.34 6 143 883 100 oc n 10/ 9/29 13.8 34.1 8.30 10 143 884 0 oc p 10/ 9/29 22.4 34.4 8.30 6 144 886 0 c n 10/11/29 23.3 35.0 8.37 6 144 887 0 oc p 10/11/29 23.3 35.0 8.37 6 144 889 100 r p 10/11/29 16.6 34.5 8.37 6 145 891 50 c n 10/11/29 18.7 34.3 8.34 6 145 894 50 Tr p 10/11/29 18.7 34.3 8.34 6 146 896 0 oc n 10/15/29 22.4 34.9 8.37 6 146 897 50 oc n 10/15/29 22.4 34.9 8.30 6 146 898 100 oc n 10/15/29 19.7 34.3 8.26 7 146 901 50 r p 10/15/29 22.4 34.9 8.30 6 147 903 0 oc n 10/17/29 23.3 35.3 8.26 8 147 904 50 rr n 10/17/29 23.1 35.3 8.29 5 147 907 0 oc p 10/17/29 23.3 35.3 8.26 8 149 920 0 oc n 10/21/29 23.5 35.0 8.34 6 149 921 50 oc n 10/21/29 23.3 35.0 8,37 6 149 922 100 oc n 10/21/29 20.3 34.9 8.38 6 149 928 50 r p 10/21/29 23.3 35.0 8.37 6 150 929 0 oc n 10/23/29 25.6 34.7 8.39 Uf 150 930 50 r n 10/23/29 27.8 34.8 8.35 10 150 931 100 r n 10/23/29 19.6 34.6 8.32 11 151 938 50 c n 10/26/29 18.3 34540 ies <— 151 939 100 oc n 10/26/29 12.5 94:6 Ferree ae 151 942 50 oc p 10/26/29 18.3 9454) Wiccan St 152 945 50 oc n 10/27/29 14.2 34.5 7.87 53 152 949 50 r p 10/27/29 14.2 34.5 7.87 53 152 950 100 r p 10/27/29 11.4 34.7 7.76 75 153 951 0 oc n 10/27/29 28.1 34.2 8.47 7 153 952 50 c n 10/29/29 28.1 34.4 8.39 {f 153 953 100 oc n 10/29/29 20.5 34.7 8.28 31 153 955 0 r p 10/29/29 28.1 34.2 8.47 7 153 956 50 oc p 10/29/29 28.1 34.4 8.39 7 153 957 100 oc p 10/29/29 20.5 34.7 8.28 31 164 958 0 oc n 10/31/29 28.3 34.2 8.39 7 154 959 50 oc n 10/31/29 28.2 34.2 8.40 ut 154 960 100 oc n 10/31/29 25.3 34.8 7.93 21 155 965 0 c n 11/ 2/29 27.8 34.9 8.29 29 155 966 50 c n 11/ 2/29 27.7 34.9 8.30 30 155 967 100 oc n_ 11/ 2/29 27.2 35.0 8.30 35 Depth wens Appa- Temperature Salinity = poms ES ae | [ees es APPENDIX Table 23. Distributional and environmental records for Ceratium tripos subsp. semipulchellum--Concluded Depth icra Appa- Temperature Syte we NONNAADAANA BESPSSSFPPe sss sss 11/ 2/29 11/ 4/29 11/ 4/29 11/ 4/29 11/ 6/29 11/ 6/29 11/ 6/29 11/ 8/29 11/ 8/29 11/ 8/29 11/11/29 11/11/29 11/11/29 11/13/29 11/13/29 11/13/29 27.7 27.6 27.6 26.4 27.1 27.1 Table 24. Distributional and environmental records for Ceratium pulchellum ° a BEEBE Ba Sa Sabla Wa) Mab PGW te Ma Bap PALS) a PMs Mc Bia Pmt bla Sin ald Bln ele Bl Be Pha Bla Bho ht bl Ve ta | ° BSE BURP SSS SUVS RPS SSUES BPVSEPVVUP SSP PUES VU VU PVA ese sev U a VvVUU AAG 8/ 9/28 8/11/28 8/11/28 8/13/28 8/15/28 8/17/28 8/20/28 8/22/28 8/22/28 8/22/28 8/24/28 8/24/28 8/24/28 8/24/28 8/27/28 8/29/28 11/25/28 11/25/28 11/25/28 11/27/28 11/29/28 11/29/28 11/29/28 12/ 1/28 12/ 1/28 12/ 1/28 12/ 1/28 12/ 1/28 12/ 1/28 12/ 3/28 12/ 3/28 12/ 3/28 12/ 5/28 12/ 5/28 12/ 5/28 12/14/28 12/14/28 12/14/28 12/14/28 12/14/28 12/14/28 12/16/28 12/16/28 12/16/28 12/18/28 12/18/28 12/18/28 12/20/28 12/28/28 12/28/28 $2 G2 C2 C2 C2 CO =I GO Go Go Go Go GO G2 GO G2 C0 C9 CD Co C0 Cd Co G0 Co ¢ CORR RRR RENEE NNN HENNE lh AC & WH WIDONAONNMNMNOOHION PO4 mg/m3 _ -_ & OT Tm O18 C1 O10 OO ~ 12 84 CERATIUM IN THE PACIFIC AND NORTH ATLANTIC OCEANS Table 24. Distributional and environmental records for Ceratium pulchellum--Continued Depth Relative Appa- Temperature | Salinity i 1 Cl pate [Pome | Feveo) | | erm 62 372 n 12/30/28 16.2 34.3 8.10 28 62 373 100 = n 12/30/28 13.1 34.2 8.06 48 62 374 0 oc p 12/30/28 19.2 34.2 8.12 32 62 375 50 oc p 12/30/28 16.2 34.3 8.10 28 62-63 377 0 oc n 1/ 1/29 eae 34.6 8.07 on 62-63 378 0 r n 1/ 1/29 20.5 34.6 8.07 21 63 379 0 oc n 1/ 1/29 20.5 34.6 8.07 21 63 381 100 r n 1/ 1/29 15.6 34.6 8.08 24 63 382 0 oc p 1/ 1/29 20.5 34.6 8.07 21 63 384 100 r p 1/ 1/29 15.6 34.6 8.08 24 63-64 385 0 r p 1/ 1/29 20.5 34.6 8.07 21 63-64 386 0 c n 1/ 1/29 20.5 34.6 8.07 21 63-64 387 0 c n 1/ 1/29 20.5 34.6 8.07 21 63-64 388 0 oc n 1/ 1/29 20.5 34.6 8.07 21 63 389 0 oc n 1/ 1/29 20.5 34.6 8.07 21 63-64 390 0 oc n 1/ 1/29 20.5 34.6 8.07 21 63-64 391 0 c n 1/ 1/29 20.5 34.6 8.07 21 63-64 392 0 oc n 1/ 1/29 20.5 34.6 8.07 21 63-64 393 0 oc n 1/ 1/29 20.5 34.6 8.07 21 64 394 0 oc n 1/ 3/29 20.6 34.6 8.12 21 64 395 50 r n 1/ 3/29 17.2 34.6 8.12 29 64 396 100 oc n 1/ 3/29 15.8 34.5 8.10 32 64 397 100 r n 1/ 3/29 15.8 34.5 8.10 32 64 398 c p 1/ 3/29 20.6 34.6 8.12 21 64 399 50 oc p 1/ 3/29 17.2 34.6 8.12 29 64 400 100 r p 1/ 3/29 15.8 34.5 8.10 32 64-65 401 0 oc n 1/ 3/29 15.8 34.5 8.10 32 64-65 402 0 oc n 1/ 3/29 15.8 34.5 8.10 32 64-65 403 oc n 1/ 3/29 15.8 34.5 8.10 32 68 422 0 rr p 1/10/29 19.2 35.1 8.14 29 84 506 50 oc n 3/ 4/29 27.5 36.4 8.21 24 84 507 0 r p 3/ 4/29 27.8 36.2 8.23 24 86 516 0 r n 3/ 9/29 28.3 36.2 8.29 20 86 518 0 oc p 3/ 9/29 28.3 36.2 8.29 20 86 519 50 r p 3/ 9/29 27.4 36.2 8.29 17 87 523 0 oc p 3/ 9/29 28.3 36.2 8.29 20 87 525 100 ie p 3/11/29 23.9 36.0 8.23 20 89 528 0 r n 3/23/29 28.4 35.6 8.25 21 89 529 50 oc n 3/23/29 28.6 35.8 8.27 12 89 530 0 r p 3/23/29 28.4 35.6 8.25 21 90 535 0 r p 3/23/29 28.5 35.5 8.27 21 90 536 50 r p 3/23/29 28.6 35.6 8.26 21 91 542 0 r p 3/23/29 28.7 35.1 8.30 21 91 543 50 r p 3/27/29 28.5 35.2 8.30 24 91 544 100 r p 3/27/29 25.8 36.0 8.25 30 92 545 00 r n 3/29/29 28.5 35.3 8.29 28 93 552 0 oc p 3/29/29 28.7 34.7 8.29 28 94 558 50 oc n 4/22/29 29.3 34.7 8.25 14 95 565 0 r p 4/22/29 29.4 34.7 8.26 14 95 568A 0 r n 4/24/29 (29.4 34.7 8.26 14) 96 571 0 rt p 4/26/29 29.3 35.3 8.23 12 101 605 100 r n 5/ 7/29 25.2 35.1 8.23 8 101 606 r p 5/ 7/29 26.3 34.7 8.24 8 102 610 50 c n 5/ 2/29 25.8 35.0 8.24 8 102 612 0 ty p 5/ 9/29 25.8 35.0 8.24 8 102 614 100 r p 5/ 9/29 25.6 35.0 8.23 8 104 624 0 r p 5/13/29 26.1 35.2 8.24 Hs 105 627 50 c n 5/15/29 26.8 34.9 8.23 5 106 635 100 c n 5/17/29 25.6 35.1 8.23 5 106 636 0 i p 5/17/29 27.2 35.0 8.23 5 107 642 0 oc p 5/17/29 28.0 34.4 8.23 5 107 643 » 50 r p 5/17/29 27.9 34.4 8.23 4 107 645 50 r p 5/17/29 27.9 34.4 8.23 4 108 649 0 r p 5/17/29 28.4 35.0 8.25 4 108 651 100 r p 5/17/29 25.2 35.0 8.23 4 112 677 oc p 5/17/29 23.2 34.6 8.22 7 135 820 r n 9/14/29 23.8 35.1 8.37 ut 135 822 100 oc n 9/14/29 18.7 34.8 8.34 5 135 824 r p 9/14/29 23.8 35.1 8.37 a 135 825 50 r p 9/14/29 21.5 35.0 8.37 5 135 826 100 r p 9/14/29 18.7 34.8 8.34 5 136 827 0 oc n 9/16/29 24.6 35.4 8.37 3 136 832 0 r p 9/16/29 24.6 35.4 8.37 3 136 833 50 r p 9/16/29 21.4 35.1 8.39 3 136 835 100 r p 9/16/29 21.4 35.1 8.39 3 137 838 100 r n 9/16/29 21.5 35.1 8.30 5 Station | Sample | Depth | Relative | Appa- Temperature | Salinity (m) abundance | ratus (°C) (0/00) 138 138 138 141 141 Depth Relative Appa- Tae Salinity tat APPENDIX Table 24. Distributional and environmental records for Ceratium pulchellum --Concluded 843 844 847 CHOOKQAHFOHAHOAHAAA HAA ALD a0 ° ic] ° ai thal elite) tal blabla feb ind te) 2) BPSUVSVUFVUS SVU SVUUA FS SVU Aa sve eases UGS 9/20/29 9/20/20 9/20/29 9/20/29 9/20/29 10/ 7/29 10/ 7/29 10/ 7/29 10/ 7/29 10/ 9729 10/ 9/29 10/11/29 10/11/29 10/11/29 10/13/29 10/13/29 10/13/29 10/13/29 10/13/29 10/13/29 10/15/29 10/15/29 10/15/29 10/19/29 10/19/29 10/19/29 10/21/29 10/21/29 10/21/29 10/26/29 10/26/29 10/26/29 10/26/29 26.1 26.1 26.1 26.1 26.1 Table 25. Distributional and environmental records for Ceratium breve r n 5/12/28 2 12 50 r n 5/18/28 16 103 0 r p 8/13/28 16 106 0 oc n 8/13/28 16 108 100 r n 8/13/28 20-21 131 0 c n 8/23/28 21 132 0 c p 8/24/28 21 134 100 c p 8/24/28 21 135 0 oc n 8/24/28 21 137 100 oc n 8/24/28 22 139 0 oc p 8/27/28 22 144 100 r n 8/27/28 23 145 0 c p 8/29/28 23 149 50 r n 8/29/28 23 150 100 r n 8/29/28 24 151 0 c p 8/31/28 24 152 50 r p 8/31/28 24 153 100 r p 8/31/28 24 154 0 r n 8/31/28 24 155 50 r n 8/31/28 24 156 100 r n 8/31/28 25 157 0 c p 9/ 3/28 25 160 0 r n 9/ 3/28 25 161 50 r n 9/ 3/28 25 162 100 r n 9/ 3/28 26 163 0 oc p 9/ 5/28 26 164 50 r p 9/ 5/28 27 167 0 r p 9/ 7/28 27 172 100 r n 9/ 7/28 28 175 100 r p 9/11/28 28 177 50 r n 9/11/28 29 179 0 oc p 9/13/28 29 182 0 oc n 9/13/28 29 183 50 r n 9/13/28 PO4 mg/m3 AAARARMARrRRMARMRODAMUUNNHHHH > ARO: 2: 75 75 PO4 mg/m? Co CWwWWhID® PH 85 Ce na ot eee ee 86 CERATIUM IN THE PACIFIC AND NORTH ATLANTIC OCEANS Table 25. Distributional and environmental records for Ceratium breve--Continued Depth Relative Appa- Temperature Salinity 188 189 190 191 193 194 194A 195 197A 200 ie] fe] QoaecKRMaXwA Bann ownnoann DUBUBDSBUVUBD YS UUUDUSU FD DSS SUVS SPUD SUUS FS PUUUSSSUS SSS SS SUS SSUS SSE SVU SUSU se 9/15/28 PO4 mg/m3 i] i] NPNNMNONOWN Table 25. Distributional and environmental records for Ceratium breve--Continued ° HOANAHAONA HONMNOOAMAAACOAAANAN ° lolc} a0 oooo aaaa APPENDIX SSSSSSPVVVUV AF SSVVUFSSVUSSSVUS SP SVUVUUS SS SVS SS PUS SUS SUA SPU SFSU SAD SSP SS Sa SBU assesses 2/24/29 2/26/29 2/26/29 5/11/29 23.4 26.5 26.4 26.5 26.4 27.2 27.2 27.2 27.5 27.4 27.5 87 88 CERATIUM IN THE PACIFIC AND NORTH ATLANTIC OCEANS Table 25. Distributional and environmental records for Ceratium breve--Concluded Depth Relative Appa- Temperature | Salinity eras pate [Pty | oreo 617 621 627 628 629 o0 eS is ey) Ia ia) HANHAOOOONANAOOOHON a ° Qaaaan Qaa0 Q HANA AROANAANANMAANANN OSS ewAnwonoOno°o fe} a Q0 FSF SS SSSSHSSSSSSSSSSVVUSS SDS SUVS SS SSS SUVAISPVUCP ASS ASU AS FPF SPS FSS eS ape aA see aU eases 5/11/29 5/13/29 5/15/29 5/15/29 5/15/29 5/15/29 5/17/29 5/17/29 5/17/29 5/19/29 5/19/29 5/19/29 5/19/29 5/27/29 5/27/29 5/ /29 5/29/29 5/29/29 6/ 3/29 6/ 5/29 6/ 5/29 6/25/29 10/ 5/29 10/21/29 10/21/29 10/23/29 10/23/29 10/23/29 10/26/29 10/26/29 10/26/29 10/26/29 10/26/29 10/27/29 10/27/29 10/29/29 10/29/29 10/29/29 10/29/29 11/ 8/29 11/11/29 11/11/29 11/11/29 11/13/29 11/13/29 35.2 35.2 34.9 34.9 35.1 34.2 G2 Go Go Go Go Go 69 Co Co 60 09 69 0 09 0 0 0 0 Bt AAAAA A AAA AA Be eR ABAAAOARBINWHOCOCKHKDOONNLDY-~12 8.25 8.24 8.23 8.23 8.23 8.23 8.23 8.23 8.23 8.23 sees tenes Be Ge Oe erie eat ee ole oc G2] 20/22) 60 09/05 163100160 /02/Co Go 107 /Goi = Go Go bo Go bo bo 63 bo bo Go By bo bo bo 60 BD CO i 60 60 i ho Ob CO OIIOIGOCOMONACHROOCOHWODOIDO INT PO4 mg/m3 _ SH OIMMNTIATIAWIIMM@AUMMAUNMOAINWwW!: Le Poca 3 7-7 APPENDIX 89 Table 26. Distributional and environmental records for Ceratium euarcuatum ie n 5/12/28 24.0 36,2 8.16 34 1b 7 50 r. n 5/16/28 22.2 36.4 8.21 39 15 102 100 r n 8/11/28 18.4 36.4 8.20 19 16 103 0 Tr p 8/13/28 25.9 36.2 8.24 8 16 104 50 r p 8/13/28 24.4 36.4 8.23 8 16 107 50 rT n 8/13/28 24.4 36.4 8.23 8 18 118 50 oc n 8/17/28 22.4 36.8 8.24 5 19 121 50 oc p 8/20/28 25.2 37.1 8.27 5 19 123 50 oc n 8/20/28 25.2 37.1 8.27 5 19 124 100 r n 8/20/28 22.4 37.0 8.25 5 20 125 r p 8/22/28 26.0 36.6 8.37 5 20 126 50 c p 8/22/28 25.8 36.6 8.26 3 20 128 0 r n 8/22/28 26.0 36.6 8.37 5 20 129 50 oc n 8/22/28 25.8 36.6 8.26 3 20 130 100 oc n 8/22/28 22.6 36.7 8.19 5 21 136 50 r n 8/24/28 24.4 36.2 8.26 4 21 137 100 rT n 8/24/28 21.0 36.8 8.20 7 22 143 50 r n 8/27/28 24.5 36.2 8.21 9 22 144 100 r n 8/27/28 17.5 36.1 7.99 123 25 161 50 r n 9/ 3/28 °21.5 36.0 8.22 12 25 162 100 r n 9/ 3/28 14.6 35.7 7.93 121 26 163 0 r p 9/ 5/28 27.6 36.0 8.30 5 27 168 50 oc p $/ 1/28 26.0 36.2 8.30 4 27 171 50 r n 9/ 1/28 26.0 36.2 8.30 4 27 172 100 r n 9/ 1/28 17.7 36.0 8.09 46 28 174 50 r p 9/11/28 26.7 36.3 8.26 4 28 183 50 oc n 9/11/28 26.7 36.3 8.26 4 29 184 100 r n 9/13/28 23.1 36.6 8.21 8 30 186 50 oc p 9/15/28 27.8 36.1 8.29 3 30 189 50 oc n 9/15/28 27.8 36.1 8.29 3 30 190 100 oc n 9/15/28 24.1 36.4 8.10 20 43 246 100 r n 11/15/28 13.6 35.0 7.90 92 45 256 0 oc n 11/19/28 22.4 35.3 8.12 38 46 264 0 zr p 11/21/28 23.3 35.3 8.16 36 46 265 50 oc p 11/21/28 23.2 35.3 8.16 40 48 276 100 r p 11/25/28 22.7 36.3 8.26 16 49 278 50 r n 11/27/28 22.6 36.1 8.26 13 49 281 50 r p 11/27/28 22.6 36.1 8.26 13 50 285 50 r n 11/29/28 22.0 35.9 8.23 13 50 286 100 oc n 11/29/28 20.5 35.7 8.22 13 50 288 50 oc p 11/29/28 22.0 35.9 8.23 13 51 295 100 oc n 12/ 1/28 20.0 35.6 8.22 17 51 297 50 r p 12/ 1/28 20.5 35.6 8.22 17 54 320 50 oc n 12/14/28 19.8 35.4 8.18 17 54 321 100 oc n 12/14/28 18.7 35.4 8.16 20 55 323 0 r n 12/16/28 20.4 34.9 8.19 12 55 325 100 oc n 12/16/28 16.7 34.9 Teil) 12 56 329 50 oc n 12/18/28 18.5 35.1 8.14 9 56 330 100 c n 12/18/28 16.6 34.8 8.11 12 56 332 50 oc p 12/18/28 18.5 35.1 8.14 9 333 100 r p 12/18/28 16.6 34.8 8.11 12 56-57 334 0 oc n 12/19/28 19.0 34.5 8.14 20 336 50 oc n 12/20/28 15.6 34.3 8.14 21 57 337 100 oc n 12/20/28 14.3 34.4 8.10 40 57 338 0 r p 12/20/28 19.0 34.5 8.14 20 57 339 50 ry p 12/20/28 15.6 34.3 8.14 21 17 472 0 s n 2/18/29 23.7 36.0 8.19 16 17 473 0 r p 2/18/29 23.7 36.0 8.19 16 17 474 50 c p 2/18/29 23.5 36.0 8.19 16 78 476 50 r, n 2/20/29 23.8 36.1 8.14 32 78 477 100 oc n 2/20/29 21.9 36.2 8.14 34 78 479 50 r p 2/20/29 23.8 36.1 8.14 34 81 492 50 oc n 2/26/29 26.4 35.9 8.19 38 81 494 50 r p 2/26/29 26.4 35.9 8.19 38 81 495 100 r p 2/26/29 23.6 36.2 8.18 36 82 497 50 oc n 2/28/29 27.2 36.3 8.21 34 82 500 100 r p 2/28/29 24.4 36.3 8.19 34 83 502 50 oc n 3/ 2/29 27.4 36.5 8.24 25 83 504 50 r p 3/ 2/29 27.4 36.5 8.24 25 84 506 50 oc n 3/ 4/29 27.5 36.4 8.21 24 84 508 50 r p 3/ 4/29 27.5 36.4 8.21 24 85 511 50 r n 3/ 6/29 27.8 36.2 8.22 40 85 513 50 re p 3/ 6/29 27.8 36.2 8.22 40 86 517 50 r n 3/ 9/29 27.4 36.2 8.29 17 86 519 50 r p 3/ 9/29 27.4 36.2 8.29 17 87 525 100 r p 3/11/29 23.9 36.0 8.23 20 90 CERATIUM IN THE PACIFIC AND NORTH ATLANTIC OCEANS Table 26. Distributional and environmental records for Ceratium euarcuatum--Continued Depth Relative Appa- Temperature | Salinity ates a | ores 874 877 881 882 aoa Fear Moi) Lesa ih ie bbe a f= Mie Ce Ms ihe bh Jaa) PST UF SVUF SS SVUSFSFSVISVUSF SS SVUVUU SSS SSS SPU SVSSSVUUVUAU SASF SUP SHU SAS APPS SSCs Ue aVeU a ae BU aa Ss 3/21/29 3/23/29 3/23/29 3/27/29 3/29/29 3/29/29 3/31/29 3/31/29 4/24/29 4/24/29 4/24/29 PO4 mg/m3 AAATIAAAITAIDOWS PWOWWUIMNUIANDJIATIIAIDONIIONP Phe Aono oI 11 01 01 CO & APPENDIX Table 26. Distributional and environmental records for Ceratium euarcuatum--Concluded : Depth Relative Appa- Dat Temperature | Salinity 143 143 144 144 144 145 145 145 146 883 855 a HAOANOANA oO oc FPFUPSF SHS SSP SSSSPS SSDI VTS SS SSS SsUeUseosTS 10/ 9/29 10/ 9/29 10/ 9/29 10/11/29 10/11/29 10/13/29 10/13/29 10/13/29 10/15/29 10/17/29 10/17/29 10/19/29 10/21/29 10/23/29 10/23/29 10/23/29 10/29/29 10/29/29 10/31/29 10/31/29 11/ 2/29 11/ 4/29 11/ 4/29 11/ 4/29 11/ 4/29 11/ 6/29 11/ 6/29 11/ 6/29 11/ 8/29 11/ 8/29 11/11/29 11/11/29 11/13/29 13.8 19.0 23.3 23.3 21.1 18.7 18.7 16.0 22.4 23.3 23.1 20.0 23.3 25.6 22.8 19.6 34.1 34.2 35.0 35.0 Do to 9 69 OW Wo CO OO OKO P W-]1-I1h 0 ©© [0 00 09 Co G0 Go G0 go GO Go GO Go Go G0 C0 Co GP 0 GO Go G9 Go Go Co Go Go CO ND Go Co Go CO DD bh CO Go Go Co Co Go WOTOOLONM-1OIOHOODDOONUO-J Table 27. Distributional and environmental records for Ceratium filicorne D Temperature | Salinity PO4 Station | Sample Date ts] owe [Pera [olay | m |e 276 epth Relative Appa- m) abundance | ratus 106 oe c oc WUD FU SDVUSFVUO SUSU s Sess 0s se sass 11/25/28 11/27/28 11/29/28 3/31/29 22.7 22.6 36.3 8.26 PO4 mg/m® _ _ =) ATIIIHOCAM! TMAR®R®RAMAMMRAARO 92 CERATIUM IN THE PACIFIC AND NORTH ATLANTIC OCEANS Table 28. Distributional and environmental records for Ceratium symmetricum Depth Pees ae Temperature Salinity PO4 4 r n 5/14/28 22.3 36.3 8.20 or ia 5 0 r n 5/14/28 22.3 36.3 8.20 46 or 1b 4) 50 oc n 5/16/28 22.2 36.4 8.21 39 or 1b 8 100 r n 5/16/28 20.3 35.5 8.18 36 sy 15 99 100 r p 8/11/28 18.4 36.4 8.20 19 or 15 102 100 r n 8/11/28 18.4 36.4 8.20 19 or 16 104 50 r p 8/13/28 24.4 36.4 8.23 8 co 16 107 50 r n 8/13/28 24.4 36.4 8.23 8 co 16 108 100 r n 8/13/28 19.9 36.5 8.17 13 co 17 112 50 r n 8/15/28 21.9 36.6 8.28 12 or 17 113 100 oc n 8/15/28 19.3 36.5 8.23 9 or 18 116 100 r p 8/17/28 20.4 36.8 8.21 5 co 18 118 50 r n 8/17/28 22.4 36.8 8.24 5 co 18 119 100 c n 8/17/28 20.4 36.8 8.21 5 co 19 123 50 oc n 8/20/28 25.2 37.1 8.27 5 co 19 124 100 oc n 8/20/28 22.4 37.0 8.25 5 co 20 130 100 r n 8/22/28 22.6 36.7 8.19 5 sy 23 146 50 r p 8/29/28 20.9 36.0 8.14 13 co 23 149 50 r n 8/29/28 20.9 36.0 8.14 13 co 24 152 50 r p 8/31/28 23.1 36.0 8.14 8 co 25 161 50 r n 9/ 3/28 21.5 36.0 8.22 12 co, sy 26 165 100 r p 9/ 5/28 14.9 35.6 8.11 40 co 27 172 100 r n 9/ 7/28 17.7 36.0 8.09 46 co 29 179 0 r p 9/13/28 27.6 36.2 8.31 8 or 29 180 50 oc p 9/13/28 27.2 36.2 8.29 3 or 29 183 50 oc n 9/13/28 27.2 36.2 8.29 3 or 32 196 100 r n 10/ 5/28 22.2 36.4 8.10 30 co 35-36 211 0 r n 10/28/28 (27.0 30.7 8.27 16) sy 6 214 50 r n 10/30/28 18.5 34.5 8.03 122 sy 37 218 50 r n 11/ 1/28 18.8 34.5 8.00 121 co 41 239 100 r p 11/10/28 14.5 35.0 7.91 152 co 42 243 100 r n 11/13/28 13.8 35.0 7.91 150 co 45 257 50 c n 11/13/28 17.2 34.9 7.99 68 or 45 258 100 oc n 11/19/28 18.6 35.1 8.00 50 or 45 259 0 oc p 11/19/28 22.4 35.3 8.12 38 or 45 260 50 r p 11/19/28 22.4 35.2 8.13 46 or 46 261 0 oc n- 11/21728 23.3 35.3 8.16 36 or 46 262 50 r n 11/21/28 23.2 35.3 8.16 40 or 46 263 100 r n 11/21/28 22.5 35.4 8.17 40 co 46 265 50 oc p 11/21/28 23.2 35.3 8.16 40 or 47 266 0 r n 11/23/28 23.9 36.0 8.23 17 or 47 267 50 oc n 11/23/28 23.8 36.0 8.23 20 co, or 47 268 100 oc n 11/23/28 22.7 36.2 8.23 20 co, or 47 270 50 r p 11/23/28 23.8 36.0 8.23 20 or 48 274 0 r p 11/25/28 23.6 36.4 8.23 13 or 48 275 50 r p 11/25/28 23.6 36.4 8.24 16 or 48 277 0 r n 11/25/28 23.6 36.4 8.23 13 or 49 278 50 r n 11/27/28 22.6 36.1 8.26 13 or 51 294 50 oc n 12/ 1/28 20.5 35.6 8.22 17 or 51 295 100 oc n 12/ 1/28 20.0 35.6 8.22 17 or 56 330 100 c n 12/20/28 16.6 34.8 8.11 12 co 57 337 100 oc n 12/20/28 14.3 34.4 8.10 40 or 57 340 100 m7 p 12/20/28 14.3 34.4 8.10 40 sy 58 346 100 r p 12/22/28 12.3 34.1 8.05 40 sy 59 352 50 r p 12/24/28 14.0 34.0 8.08 38 sy 60 354 0 rr n 12/26/28 15.0 34.0 8.07 50 sy 62 373 100 r n 12/30/28 13.1 34.2 8.06 48 sy 62 376 100 r p 12/30/28 13.1 34.2 8.06 48 sy 63 380 50 c n 1/ 1/29 17.0 34.6 8.08 25 sy 63 382 0 oc p 1/ 1/29 20.5 34.6 8.07 21 co 63 383 50 oc p 1/ 1/29 17.0 34.6 8.08 25 sy 63 384 100 r p 1/ 1/29 15.6 34.6 8.08 24 co 63-64 387 0 oc n 1/ 1/29 23.2 36.0 8.23 13 sy 63-64 388 0 C n 1/ 1/29 23.2 36.0 8.23 13 sy 63-64 389 0 r n 1/ 1/29 23.2 36.0 8.23 13 sy 63-64 390 0 r n 1/ 1/29 20.5 34.6 8.07 21 sy 63-64 392 0 oc n 1/ 1/29 20.5 34.6 8.07 21 sy 64 395 50 r n 1/ 3/29 17.2 34.6 8.12 29 co 64 398 0 r p 1/ 3/29 20.6 34.6 8.12 21 sy 64 399 50 r p 1/ 3/29 17.2 34.6 8.12 29 co 64 400 100 oc Pp 1/ 3/29 15.8 34.5 8.10 32 co 64-65 401 0 r n 1/ 3/29 (20.2 34.5 8.10 24) sy 65 406 50 oc n 1/ 5/29 16.5 34.5 8.10 25 or 65 407 100 r n 1/ 5/29 14.8 34.3 8.10 34 co 66 412 100 oc n 1/ 7/29 17.8 34.9 8.12 21 co 66 415 100 r p 1/ 7/29 17.8 34.9 8.12 21 co APPENDIX 93 Table 28. Distributional and environmental records for Ceratium symmetricum--Continued Depth pera Appa- Temperature PO4 ti peraeet Wace rams) Dae [PRG | roo) mg/ms | V8 68 421 100 r n 1/10/29 16.5 34.8 8.13 or 68 423 50 r p 1/10/29 18.2 35.0 8.14 29 or 69 427 0 r p 1/12/29 21.1 35.2 8.12 62 or 71 439 50 r n 2/ 6/29 16.7 35.1 7.90 150 or 76 469 100 r n 2/16/29 21.2 35.8 8.12 45 or 76 471 _ 50 r p 2/16/29 22.1 35.9 8.14 42 or 78 477 100 r n 2/20/29 21.9 36.2 8.14 34 co 79 482 50 oc n 2/22/29 24.5 36.1 8.17 34 or 79 483 100 oc n 2/22/29 21.8 36.2 8.13 45 or 719 485 50 oc p 2/22/29 24.5 36.1 8.17 34 or 80 487 50 r n 2/24/29 25.9 36.0 8.19 29 or 80 489 50 oc p 2/24/29 25.9 36.0 8.19 29 or 80 490 100 r p 2/24/29 23.4 36.2 8.16 32 or 91 541 50 oc n 3/27/29 28.5 35.2 8.30 24 or 91 544 100 oc p 3/27/29 25.8 36.0 8.25 30 or 94 559 100 r n 4/22/29 28.5 35.6 8.21 25 sy 95 564 100 oc n 4/24/29 28.5 35.4 8.22 21 sy 95 566 50 r p 4/24/29 29.3 34.9 8.24 16 sy 99 590 50 c n 5/ 2/29 27.8 34.9 8.22 12 sy 100 597 100 oc n 5/ 4/29 27.6 34.7 8.22 12 sy 100 600 100 r p 5/ 4/29 27.6 34.7 8.22 12 co 101 605 100 oc n 5/ 7/29 25.2 35.1 8.23 8 sy 102 611 100 r n 5/ 9/29 25.6 35.0 8.23 8 or 102 614 100 rr p 5/ 9/29 25.6 35.0 8.23 8 or 103 617 100 r n 5/11/29 24.8 35.2 8.25 5 or 103 620 100 oc p 5/11/29 24.8 35.2 8.25 5 or 104 623 100 r n 5/13/29 25.3 35.3 8.21 uf or 106 635 100 c n 5/17/29 25.6 35.1 8.23 5 sy 106 638 100 r p 5/17/29 25.6 35.1 8.23 5 sy 108 648 100 oc n 5/27/29 25.2 35.0 8.23 4 or 109 655 50 oc n 5/29/29 23.1 35.0 8.22 3 or 109 656 100 oc n 5/29/29 19.4 34.8 8.18 5 or 109 658 50 oc p 5/29/29 23.1 35.0 8.22 3 or 109 659 100 r p 5/29/29 19.4 34.8 8.18 5 or 110 663 100 oc n 5/31/29 17.9 34.7 8.14 11 or 110 665 50 oc p 5/31/29 18.4 34.8 8.16 7 or 111 670 100 r n 6/ 3/29 18.2 34.7 8.13 13 or 112 675 50 r n 6/ 5/29 21.7 34.6 8.23 7 or 112 676 100 oc n 6/ 5/29 19.8 34.7 8.20 8 or 113 681 50 oc n 6/25/29 23.8 34.6 8.25 5 or 113 682 100 oc n 6/25/29 21.5 34.7 8.23 8 or 113 683 0 r p 6/25/29 29.2 34.5 8.25 5 or, co 113 684 50 r p 6/25/29 23.8 34.6 8.25 5 co 113 685 100 oc p 6/25/29 21.5 34.7 8.23 8 co 114 687 50 oc n 6/27/29 16.2 34.6 8.04 63 sy 114 688 100 r n 6/27/29 13.0 34.5 8.00 91 co 114 690 50 oc p 6/27/29 16.2 34.6 8.04 63 sy 115 693 50 r n 6/29/29 17.5 34.6 8.12 17 co 131 788 0 r n 9/ 6/29 19.3 33.4 8.34 300 co 131 789 100 r n 9/ 6/29 12.1 33.4 8.32 Bes co 132 798 50 oc n 9/ 8/29 17.6 33.9 8.33 19 co 132 7199 100 c n 9/ 8/29 14.3 33.4 8.30 16 sy 132 802 50 r p 9/ 8/29 17.6 33.9 8.33 19 co 132 803 100 oc p 9/ 8/29 14.3 33.4 8.30 16 sy 133 806 100 oc n 9/10/29 18.4 34.8 8.31 7 sy, co 133 814 100 r Pp 9/10/29 18.4 34.8 8.31 7 sy 134 808 0 r n 9/12/29 22.9 34.7 8.34 6 sy 134 809 50 r n 9/12/29 19.8 34.6 8.34 6 sy 134 810 50 r n 9/12/29 19.8 34.6 8.34 6 sy 134 811 100 oc n 9/12/29 18.1 34.6 8.34 6 co 134 817 100 r. p 9/12/29 18.1 34.6 8.34 6 sy 135 822 100 oc n 9/14/29 18.7 34.8 8.34 5 sy 135 826 100 fe Pp 9/14/29 18.7 34.8 8.34 5 sy 136 829 100 c n 9/16/29 18.6 35.0 8.39 3 sy 136 834 100 oc p 9/16/29 18.6 35.0 8.39 3 sy 137 838 100 oc n 9/18/29 21.5 35.1 8.30 5 sy 137 841 50 r p 9/18/29 24.4 35.1 8.34 4 sy 138 845 100 oc n 9/20/29 22.2 34.8 8.31 3 sy 139 850 50 r n 9/22/29 25.8 34.9 8.31 6 sy 139 851 100 oc n 9/22/29 22.4 35.2 8.28 6 sy 139 855 100 r p 9/22/29 22.4 35.2 8.28 6 sy 140 858 100 oc n 10/ 3/29 25.5 35.0 8.34 7 sy 141 871 100 r p 10/ 5/29 20.0 35.0 8.33 5 sy 142 874 100 oc n 10/ 7/29 16.6 34.4 8.27 “f sy 143 883 100 oc n 10/ 9/29 13.8 34.1 8.30 10 co, sy 144 889 100 r p 10/11/29 16.6 34.5 8.37 6 co 94 CERATIUM IN THE PACIFIC AND NORTH ATLANTIC OCEANS Table 28. Distributional and environmental records for Ceratium symmetricum--Concluded Depth Relative Appa- Temperature | Salinity PO4 : ss me [a [aa [See [PS [ee | [arte [en 145 891 n 10/13/29 18.7 34.3 8.34 6 or 145 892 100 oe n 10/13/29 16.0 34.1 8.31 6 co 145 894 50 oc p 10/13/29 18.7 34.3 8.34 6 or 145 895 100 r p 10/13/29 16.0 34.1 8.31 6 co, or 146 897 50 r n 10/15/29 22.4 34.9 8.30 6 or, sy 146 898 100 c n 10/15/29 19.7 34.3 8.26 7 co,or 146 901 50 r p 10/15/29 22.4 34.9 8.30 6 or 147 905 100 oc n 10/17/29 19.2 35.0 8.29 5 co, sy 148 912 100 c n 10/19/29 20.0 SY | eonded “00 or, co 148 919 100 rp p 10/19/29 20.0 30:0) Wecess nas or 149 922 100 c n 10/21/29 20.3 34.9 8.38 6 co, or 150 931 100 r n 10/23/29 19.6 34.6 8.32 11 co, or 151 938 50 oc n 10/26/29 18.3 34.4 ~~... Onis or 151 939 100 ip n 10/26/29 12.5 04°56 eee eco or 153 953 100 oc n 10/29/29 20.5 34.7 8.28 31 or, co 153 957 100 r p 10/29/29 20.5 34.7 8.28 31 or Abbreviations: or=var. orthoceros; sy=var. symmetricum; co=var. coarctatum Table 29. Distributional and environmental records for Ceratium axiale Depth Relative | Appa-|- Temperature | Salinity PO4 ar bate RG | eves) | [mens 63 384 100 r 1/ 1/29 15.6 34.6 8.08 24 64 400 100 oc ; 1/ 3/29 15.8 34.5 8.10 32 100 600 100 r p 5/ 4/29 27.6 34.7 8.22 12 115 694 100 r n 6/29/29 15.6 34.6 8.08 27 134 810 100 oc n 9/12/29 18.1 34.6 8.34 6 136 829 100 c n 9/16/29 18.6 35.0 8.39 136 834 100 oc p 9/16/29 18.6 35.0 8.39 3 137 841 50 r p 9/18/29 24.4 35.1 8.34 4 140 863 100 r p 10/ 3/29 25.5 35.0 8.34 7 148 912 100 c n 10/19/29 20.0 AIO) 9 Banos 148 917 0 r p 10/19/29 23.4 SOL2M mecees 150 931 100 r n 10/23/29 19.6 34.6 8.32 11 153 957 100 r p 10/29/29 20.5 34.7 8.28 31 Table 30. Distributional and environmental records for Ceratium azoricum mee Relative Appa- Temperature Salinity PO4 tati 1 a (| eroa) | | ern 5a n 5/30/28 ee Sts 35.8 8.17 19 5a 34 0 n 5/30/28 13.7 35.8 8.17 19 6 36 50 oc n 5/31/28 11.6 35.6 8.12 32 6 37 100 oc n 5/31/28 11.3 35.6 8.08 41 6b 45 0 oc n 6/ 2/28 12.4 35.6 8.15 21 6b 46 0 oc n 6/ 2/28 12.4 35.6 8.15 21 7 57 50 r n 7/13/28 8.2 35.2 8.03 47 22 143 50 Er n 8/27/28 24.5 36.2 8.21 9 37 220 0 ic p 11/ 3/28 26.5 32.9 8.33 20 40 232 0 r p 11/ 8/28 22.2 33.7 8.21 24 41 236 50 r n 11/10/28 14.6 35.0 1.94 58 41 238 0 r p 11/10/28 20.4 34.2 8.11 32 4la 240 0 r n 11/12/28 (19.6 34.5 8.09 39) 42 241 0 r n 11/13/28 18.7 34.7 8.06 45 42 242 50 r n 11/13/28 17.2 34.9 7.99 68 42 243 100 oc n 11/13/28 13.8 35.0 7.91 150 43 244 0 oc n 11/15/28 19.6 34.8 8.09 52 43 245 50 oc n 11/15/28 17.0 34.9 7.93 80 43 246 100 oc n 11/15/28 13.6 35.0 7.90 92 43 247 0 r p 11/15/28 19.6 34.8 8.09 52 43 248 50 oc p 11/15/28 17.0 34.9 7.93 80 43 249 100 r p 11/15/28 13.6 35.0 7.90 92 44 250 0 r n 11/17/28 20.7 34.9 8.03 38 44 251 50 i a = 11/17/28 20.4 34.9 8.04 34 44 252 100 r n 11/17/28 13.8 35.0 7.85 70 44 253 oc p 11/17/28 20.7 34.9 8.03 38 44 254 50 oc p 11/17/28 20.4 34.9 8.04 34 44 255 100 r p 11/17/28 13.8 35.0 7.85 70 APPENDIX Table 30. Distributional and environmental records for Ceratium azoricum--Concluded Depth Relative Appa- Temperature Salinity PO4 45 259 r p 11/19/28 22.4 35.3 8.12 38 47 269 0 ry p 11/23/28 23.9 36.0 8.23 17 Al 270 50 r p 11/23/28 23.8 36.0 8.23 20 53-54 313 0 r n 12/10/28 (23.0 35.6 8.22 11) 65 406 50 r n 1/ 5/29 16.5 34.5 8.10 25 65 409 50 r p 1/ 5/29 16.5 34.5 8.10 25 65 410 100 r p 1/ 5/29 14.8 34.3 8.10 34 94 561 50 r p 4/22/29 29.3 34.7 8.25 14 96 569 50 r n 4/26/29 29.2 35.3 8.23 12 96 571 0 r p 4/26/29 29.3 35.3 8.23 12 100 597 100 r n 5/ 4/29 27.6 34.7 8.22 12 100 598 0 oc p 5/ 4/29 27.7 34.7 8.21 10 100 599 50 oc p 5/ 4/29 27.6 34.7 8.21 10 100 600 100 oc p 5/ 4/29 27.6 34.7 8.22 12 100 602 100 oc p 5/ 4/29 27.6 34.7 8.22 12 110 665 50 r p 5/31/29 18.4 34.8 8.16 u 127 767 0 c n 1/23/29 13.4 32.7 8.12 43 127 768 50 oc n 1/23/29 10.5 32.8 8.09 56 127 769 100 oc n 1/23/29 8.2 32.8 8.00 72 127 171 50 oc p 1/23/29 10.5 32.8 8.09 56 127 772 100 Tr p 1/23/29 8.2 32.8 8.00 72 129 780 0 P n 7/27/29 16.3 33.1 8.13 25 130 781 0 r n 9/ 4/29 16.2 33.4 8.34 36 130 783 100 oc n 9/ 4/29 8.8 33.7 8.06 176 130 784 0 oc p 9/ 4/29 16.2 33.4 8.34 36 130 785 50 oc p 9/ 4729 11.7 33.4 8.26 83 131 789 100 r n 9/ 6/29 12.1 33.4 8.32 wee 131 7193 0 r p 9/ 6/29 19.3 33.4 8.34 =00 132 799 100 Pe n 9/ 8/29 14.3 33.4 8.30 16 151 942 50 r p 10/26/29 18.3 SATA ee eons AOS 152 945 50 r n 10/27/29 14.2 34.5 7.87 53 159 991 50 r n 11/11/29 28.5 35.7 8.39 15 Table 31. Distributional and environmental records for Ceratium petersii Depth Relative Appa- Temperature Salinity PO4 55 324 r 12/16/28 18.7 35.0 8.18 12 58 342 oc i 12/22/28 14.8 34.0 8.12 25 58 344 a r p 12/22/28 17.0 34.0 8.12 20 58 345 50 r p 12/22/28 14.8 34.0 8.12 25 58 346 100 r p 12/22/28 12.3 34.1 8.05 40 61 364 50 c n 12/28/28 14.0 34.0 8.05 60 61 365 100 oc n 12/28/28 10.8 34.0 8.03 80 61 366 0 r p 12/28/28 16.9 34.0 8.05 46 367 50 r p 12/28/28 14.6 34.0 8.05 60 61-62 369 0 oc n 12/20/28 (18.1 34.1 8.09 39) 70 431 0 r n 1/13/29 21.2 35.1 8.05 103 710 433 100 r n 1/13/29 12.6 34.8 7.68 233 70 434 0 r p 1/13/29 21.2 35.1 8.05 103 128 173 0 oc n 7/25/29 16.4 33.0 8.12 29 128 717 50 z p 1/25/29 11.8 33.1 8.11 29 Table 32. Distributional and environmental records for Ceratium arietinum Depth Relative Appa- Temperature | Salinity PO4 Sub- Sam [se |g es [es [me [eee [oy | [2 | 1 r n 5/12/28 24.0 36.2 8.16 34 ar ib 6 0 r n 5/16/28 (22.3 36.3 8.20 46) ar 1b 7 50 r n 5/16/28 22.2 36.4 8.21 39 ar 1b 8 100 oc n 5/16/28 20.3 35.5 8.18 36 ar 3 17 0 c n 5/16/28 20.3 35.5 8.18 36 bu 3 19 100 r n 5/21/28 13.6 35.9 8.10 48 bu 3 20 0 r n 5/21/28 15.5 36.1 8.15 99 bu 6h 55 0 oc n 7/11/28 (10.6 35.4 8.18 28) bu 14 92 50 r p 8/ 9/28 15.0 35.1 8.18 16 ar 14 95 50 r n 8/ 9/28 15.0 35.1 8.18 16 ar ————— ee 96 CERATIUM IN THE PACIFIC AND NORTH ATLANTIC OCEANS Table 32. Distributional and environmental records for Ceratium arietinum--Continued Depth Relative Appa- Temperature | Salinity PO4 Sub- Station abundance pate (°C) (0/00) mg/m3 | species 98 50 8 15 oc p 8/11/28 19.8 36.5 8.21 ar 15 99 100 r p 8/11/28 18.4 36.4 8.20 19 ar 15 101 50 r n 8/11/28 19.8 36.5 8.21 8 ar 15 102 100 oc n 8/11/28 18.4 36.4 8.20 19 ar 16 108 100 r n 8/13/28 19.9 36.5 8.17 13 ar 18 116 100 r p 8/17/28 20.4 36.8 8.21 5 ar 22 141 100 r p 8/27/28 17.5 36.1 7.99 123 er 22 144 100 r n 8/27/28 17.5 36.1 7.99 123 er 23 146 50 r p 8/29/28 20.9 36.0 8.14 13 er 36 215 100 r n 10/30/28 14.4 34.9 7.85 149 er 40 230 50 r n 11/ 8/28 15.3 34.9 7.87 161 ar 40 233 50 r p 11/ 8/28 15.3 34.9 7.87 161 ar 41 239 100 r p 11/10/28 14.5 35.0 7.91 152 ar 44 254 50 r p 11/17/28 20.4 34.9 8.04 34 gr 44 255 100 r p 11/17/28 13.8 35.0 7.85 70 gr 45 256 0 r n 11/19/28 22.4 35.3 8.12 38 ar 45 257 50 oc n 11/19/28 22.4 35.2 8.13 46 ar 45 258 100 oc n 11/19/28 18.6 35.1 8.00 50 ar 45 259 0 oc p 11/19/28 22.4 35.3 8.12 38 ar 45 260 50 r p 11/19/28 22.4 35.2 8.13 46 ar 46 263 100 r n 11/21/28 22.5 35.4 8.17 40 ar 46 265 50 r p 11/21/28 23.2 35.3 8.16 40 ar 47 268 100 r n 11/23/28 22.7 36.2 8.23 20 ar 47 269 0 r p 11/23/28 23.9 36.0 8.23 17 ar 47 270 50 oc p 11/23/28 23.8 36.0 8.23 20 ar 48 273 100 oc n 11/25/28 22.7 36.3 8.26 16 ar 48 274 0 r p 11/25/28 23.6 36.4 8.23 13 ar 48 276 100 r p 11/25/28 22.7 36.3 8.26 16 ar 49 280 0 r p 11/27/28 23.4 36.2 8.27 13 ar 57 340 100 r p 12/20/28 14.3 34.4 8.10 40 ar 58 345 50 r p 12/22/28 14.8 34.0 8.12 25 ar 58 346 100 r p 12/22/28 12.3 34.1 8.05 40 ar 59 350 100 r n 12/24/28 11.4 34.1 8.03 12 ar 59 352 50 r p 12/24/28 14.0 34.0 8.08 38 ar 59 353 100 r p 12/24/28 11.4 34.1 8.03 72 ar 60 359 r p 12/26/28 (15.0 34.0 8.07 50 ar 61 365 100 a n 12/28/28 10.8 34.0 8.03 80 ar, bu 61 367 50 oc p 12/28/28 14.0 34.0 8.05 60 ar 61 368 100 r p 12/28/28 10.8 34.0 8.03 80 bu 61-62 369 0 r n 12/29/28 16.9 34.0 8.05 46 ar 61-62 370 0 r n 12/29/28 16.9 34.0 8.05 46 ar 62 372 50 oc n 12/30/28 16.2 34.3 8.10 28 bu 62 373 100 r n 12/30/28 13.1 34.2 8.06 48 ar 62 376 100 r p 12/30/28 13.1 34.2 8.06 48 ar 63 381 100 r n 1/ 1/29 15.6 34.6 8.08 24 ar 63-64 392 0° r n 1/ 3/29 20.5 34.6 8.07 21 ar 64-65 402 r n 1/ 4/29 (20.6 34.6 8.12 21) bu 65 407 100 r n 1/ 5/29 14.8 34.3 8.10 34 bu 65 409 50 r p 1/ 5/29 16.5 34.5 8.10 25 bu 65 410 100 r p 1/ 5/29 14.8 34.3 8.10 34 bu 66 412 100 r n 1/ 7/29 17.8 34.9 8.12 21 bu 66 413 0 r Pp 1/ 7/29 19.4 34.7 8.10 29 bu 66 414 50 r p 1/ 7/29 17.8 34.8 8.10 29 bu 66 415 100 r p 1/ 7/29 17.8 34.9 8.12 21 bu 69 427 0 r Pp 1/12/29 21.1 35.2 8.12 62 ar 710 432 50 r n 1/13/29 15.4 35.0 1.88 178 ar 73 452 100 r n 2/20/29 14.7 35.0 7.80 178 bu 18 4717 100 r n 2/20/29 21.9 36.2 8.14 34 ar 94 559 100 r n 4/22/29 28.5 35.6 8.21 25 ar 94 560 0 5 p 4/22/29 29.5 34.7 8.25 14 ar 98 581 0 oc n 4/30/29 27.0 35.3 8.16 24 ar 98 582 50 oc n 4/30/29 26.9 35.3 8.16 28 ar 98 584 0 r p 4/30/29 27.0 35.3 8.16 24 ar 98 585 50 oc p 4/30/29 26.9 35.3 8.16 28 ar 101 605 100 r n 5/ 7/29 25.2 35.1 8.23 8 ar 101 606 r p 5/ 7/29 26.3 34.7 8.24 8 ar 101 607 50 oc Pp 5/ 7/29 26.2 34.7 8.24 8 ar 102 612 0 r p 5/ 9/29 25.8 35.0 8.24 8 ar 102 613 50 oc p 5/ 9/29 25.8 35.0 8.24 8 ar 104 626 100 oc p 5/13/29 25.3 35.3 8.21 7 ar 110 663 100 r n 5/31/29 17.9 34.7 8.14 11 ar 111 668 0 r n 6/ 3/29 20.1 34.5 8.18 5 ar 111 669 50 r n 6/ 3/29 19.4 34.6 8.17 5 ar 113 680 0 r n 6/25/29 24.2 34.5 8.25 5 ar 114 688 100 oc n 6/27/29 13.0 34.5 8.00 91 ar 114 690 50 oc p 6/27/29 16.2 34.6 8.04 63 ar APPENDIX 97 Table 32. Distributional and environmental records for Ceratium arietinum--Concluded Depth Relative Appa- Temperature sbandance 50 ilies 115 693 r n 6/29/29 7.5 34.6 8.12 ar 115a 700 0 r n 6/30/29 (18.4 34.3 8.18 4) ar 116 703 50 c n 1/ 1/29 10.6 33.8 8.11 23 ar 116 704 100 oc n T/ 1/29 6.7 SS: Ouere ens ar 116 706 50 c p 7/ 1/29 10.6 33.8 8.11 23 ar 116 107 100 r p T/ 1/29 6.7 33.8 8.11 23 ar 117 709 50 oc n 1/ 3/29 12.5 34.2 8.06 51 ar 117 710 100 oc n 1/ 3/29 8.8 34.1 7.98 84 ar 118 716 100 r n 1/ 5/29 6.1 33.8 1.94 114 bu 118 718 50 r p 1/ 3/29 8.2 33.7 8.21 92 bu 119 722 100 r n T/ 1/29 1.6 33.2 7.85 193 bu 127 7167 0 oc n 1/23/29 13.4 32.7 8.12 43 bu 127 7168 50 oc n 1/23/29 10.5 32.8 8.09 56 bu 127 769 100 r n 1/23/29 8.2 32.8 8.00 72 bu 127 770 r p 1/23/29 13.4 32.7 8.12 43 bu 127 172 100 r p 1/23/29 13.4 32.7 8.12 43 bu 127 173 0 oc n 1/23/29 13.4 32.7 8.12 43 bu 128 774 50 r n 1/25/29 11.8 33.1 8.11 29 bu 128 7175 100 c n 1/25/29 10.2 33.2 8.06 46 ar 128 777 50 rs p 1/25/29 11.8 33.1 8.11 29 bu 128 7178 100 oc p 7/25/29 10.2 33.2 8.06 46 bu 130 182 50 r n 9/ 4/29 11.7 33.4 8.26 83 bu 130 783 100 oc n 9/ 4/29 8.8 33.7 8.06 176 bu 131 7188 0 oc n 9/ 6/29 19.3 33.4 8.34 nee ar 131 789 100 r n 9/ 6/29 12.1 33.4 8.32 we ar 132 799 100 r n 9/ 8/29 14.3 33.4 8.30 16 ar 132 803 100 r p 9/ 8/29 14.3 33.4 8.30 16 ar 134 815 0 r p 9/12/29 22.9 34.7 8.34 6 ar 135 825 50 r p 9/14/29 21.5 35.0 8.37 5 ar 136 828 50 r n 9/16/29 21.4 35.1 8.39 3 ar 136 834 100 r p 9/16/29 18.6 35.0 8.39 3 ar 148 919 100 oc p 10/19/29 20.0 0 OMe tseres A0e ar 150 935 100 r p 10/23/29 19.6 34.6 8.32 11 ar 151 939 100 r n 10/26/29 12.5 SEG cere ose ar 152 945 50 oc n 10/27/29 14.2 34.5 7.87 53 ar 152 949 50 r 10/27/29 14.2 34.5 7.87 53 ar Abbreviations: ar=subsp. arietinum; bu=subsp. bucephalum; gr=subsp. gracilentum. Table 33. Distributional and environmental records for Ceratium declinatum Depth Relative Appa- Temperature | Salinity PO4 ae Cr | oron) | | gts 20 0 oc 3 n 5/21/28 15.5 36.1 8.15 99 13a 88 0 r n 8/ 8/28 21.2 35.2 8.18 11 18a 89 0 r n 8/ 8/28 21.2 35.2 8.18 11 15 97 0 c p 8/11/28 24.8 36.4 8.21 11 15 98 50 r p 8/11/28 19.8 36.5 8.21 8 15 99 100 oc Pp 8/11/28 18.4 36.4 8.20 19 15 101 50 oc n 8/11/28 19.8 36.5 8.21 8 15 102 100 r n 8/11/28 18.4 36.4 8.20 19 17 109 0 oc p 8/15/28 26.2 36.6 8.29 9 17 110 50 r Pp 8/15/28 21.9 36.6 8.28 12 17 111 0 oc n 8/15/28 26.2 36.6 8.29 9 17 112 50 r n 8/15/28 21.9 36.6 8.28 12 18 114 0 c p 8/17/28 27.0 37.0 8.23 5 18 115 50 oc p 8/17/28 22.4 36.8 8.24 5 18 116 100 oc p 8/17/28 20.4 36.8 8.21 5 18 117 r n 8/17/28 27.0 37.0 8.23 5 18 118 50 oc n 8/17/28 22.4 36.8 8.24 5 19 121 50 r p 8/20/28 25.2 37.1 8.27 5 20 125 0 r p 8/22/28 26.0 36.6 8.37 5 20 126 50 r p 8/22/28 25.8 36.6 8.26 3 20 127 100 oc p 8/22/28 22.6 36.7 8.19 5 20 130 100 r n 8/22/28 22.6 36.7 8.19 5 20-21 131 0 oc n 8/23/28 (26.6 36.3 8.32 4) 21 134 100 c p 8/24/28 21.0 36.8 8.20° 7 21 136 50 r n 8/24/28 24.4 36.2 8.26 4 21 137 100 oc n 8/24/28 21.0 36.8 8.20 7 22 139 0 oc p 8/27/28 26.7 36.0 8.26 8 22 141 100 r p 8/27/28 17.5 36.1 7.99 123 22 143 50 oc n 8/27/28 24.5 36.2 8.21 9 22 144 100 oc n 8/27/28 17.5 36.1 7.99 123 23 145 0 oc p 8/29/28 27.2 35.9 8.25 4 98 CERATIUM IN THE PACIFIC AND NORTH ATLANTIC OCEANS Table 33. Distributional and environmental records for Ceratium declinatum --Continued Depth Relative Appa- Temperature | Salinity PO4 am 1 ° Se abundance | ratus (°C) (0/00) mg/m3 50 23 149 oc n 8/29/28 20.9 36.0 8.14 13 24 151 0 r p 8/31/28 27.2 35.2 8.32 4 24 152 50 r p 8/31/28 23.1 36.0 8.14 8 29 183 50 r n 9/13/28 27.2 36.2 8.29 3 33 197A 0 oc p 10/ 8/28 28.5 35.6 8.23 4 36 216 0 r p 10/30/28 26.5 31.6 8.23 16 37 218 50 n 11/ 1/28 18.8 34.5 8.00 121 37 220 0 r p 11/ 1/28 27.1 31.7 8.28 15 37 221 50 oc p 11/ 1/28 18.8 34.5 8.00 121 42 241 0 r n 11/13/28 18.7 34.7 8.06 45 43 246 100 r n 11/15/28 13.6 35.0 7.90 92 46 263 100 r n 11/21/28 22.5 35.4 8.17 40 47 267 50 r n_ 11/23/28 23.8 36.0 8.23 20 47 268 100 r n 11/23/28 22.7 36.2 8.23 20 47 269 0 r p 11/23/28 23.9 36.0 8.23 17 48 271 0 r n 11/25/28 23.6 36.4 8.23 13 48 274 0 oc p 11/25/28 23.6 36.4 8.23 13 49 280 0 r p 11/27/28 23.4 36.2 8.27 13 50 287 0 r p 11/29/28 23.2 36.0 8.23 13 50 288 50 oc p 11/29/28 22.0 35.9 8.23 13 50-51 291 0 r n_ 11/30/28 22.8 35.6 8.22 16 50-51 292 0 r n 11/30/28 22.8 35.6 8.22 16 51 296 0 r p 12/ 1/28 22.8 35.6 8.22 16 51 298 100 r p 12/ 1/28 20.0 35.6 8.22 17 52 302 0 r p 12/ 3/28 22.5 35.4 8.21 8 53 304 50 oc n 12/ 5/28 21.2 35.8 8.20 13 53 306 0 r p 12/ 5/28 22.6 35.7 8.22 13 54 322 0 r p 12/14/28 23.4 35.7 8.22 9 5 325 100 r n 12/16/28 16.7 34.9 7.17 12 56-57 334 0 oc n 12/19/28 (19.0 34.5 8.14 20) 7 335 0 x n 12/20/28 19.0 34.5 8.14 20 57 337 100 r n 12/20/28 14.3 34.4 8.10 40 57 338 0 r p 12/20/28 19.0 34.5 8.14 20 61-62 370 0 r n 12/28/28 16.9 34.0 8.05 46 62-63 377 .0 oc n 12/31/28 20.5 34.6 8.07 21 62-63 378 0 oc n 12/31/28 20.5 34.6 8.07 21 63 379 0 oc n 1/ 1/29 20.5 34.6 8.07 21 63 381 100 r n 1/ 1/29 15.6 34.6 8.08 24 63 383 50 r p 1/ 1/29 17.0 34.6 8.08 25 63 384 100 r p 1/ 1/29 15.6 34.6 8.08 24 64 400 100 r p 1/ 3/29 15.8 34.5 8.10 32 65 408 0 r p 1/ 5/29 20.2 34.5 8.10 24 65 409 50 r p 1/ 5/29 16.5 34.5 8.10 25 65 410 100 r p 1/ 5/29 14.8 34.3 8.10 34 66 414 50 r p 1/ 7/29 17.8 34.8 8.10 29 67 416 oc n 1/ 8/29 19.3 34.9 8.11 21 67 418 100 oc n 1/ 8/29 16.2 34.6 8.05 40 68 422 r p 1/10/29 19.2 35.1 8.14 29 68 423 50 r p 1/10/29 18.2 35.0 8.14 29 73 450 0 r n 2/10/29 25.3 35.4 8.21 44 73 452 100 oc n 2/10/29 14.7 35.0 W280) 178 74 458 100 r n 2/12/29 15.4 35.1 7:80 175 19 484 r p 2/22/29 25.2 36.0 8.17 34 80 490 100 r p 2/24/29 23.4 36.2 8.16 32 81 493 0 r p 2/26/29 26.5 35.8 8.19 38 81 494 50 r p 2/26/29 26.4 35.9 8.19 38 82 498 0 r p 2/28/29 27.2 36.3 8.21 34 83 501 0 r n 3/ 2/29 27.5 36.3 8.24 29 84 507 0 r p 3/ 4/29 27.8 36.2 8.23 24 85 510 0 r n 3/ 6/29 27.9 36.2 8.22 40 85 511 50 r n 3/ 6/29 27.8 36.2 8.22 40 85 512 0 r p 3/ 6/29 27.9 36.2 8.22 40 86 516 0 r n 3/ 9/29 28.3 36.2 8.29 20 86 518 0 oc p 3/ 9/29 28.3 36.2 8.29 20 86 519 50 r p 3/ 9/29 27.4 36.2 8.29 17 87 521 0 r n 3/11/29 27.8 36.1 8.28 17 87 523 0 oc p 3/11/29 27.8 36.1 8.28 17 87 524 50 oc p 3/11/29 26.5 36.1 8.26 20 87 525 100 r p 3/11/29 23.9 36.0 8.23 20 89 528 0 r n 3/23/29 28.4 35.6 8.25 21 89 530 0 oc p 3/23/29 28.4 35.6 8.25 21 90 534 50 r n 3/25/29 28.6 35.6 8.26 21 90 535 0 oc p 3/25/29 28.5 35.5 8.27 21 90 536 50 oc p 3/25/29 28.6 35.6 8.26 21 91 542 0 r p 3/27/29 28.7 35.1 8.30 21 91 544 100 oc p 3/27/29 25.8 36.0 8.25 30 Sn APPENDIX Table 33. Distributional and environmental records for Ceratium declinatum--Continued Depth Relative Appa- Temperature | Salinity aes pate [PME | ores 92 548 93 550 * 93 551 50 93 552 0 95 564 100 95 565 0 95 568A 0 96 571 0 96 572 50 96 573 100 97 576 100 97 577 0 97 578 50 97 579 100 99 589 0 99 591 100 99 592 0 99 593 50 99 594 100 99 595 0 100 596 50 100 597 100 100 598 0 100 599 50 100 602 100 101 603 0 101 606 0 102 611 100 102 613 50 103 616 50 103 618 0 105 630 0 105 631 50 106 635 100 106 636 0 107 639 0 107 640 50 107 641 100 107 642 107 643 50 107 644 100 107 645 50 108 649 0 109 658 50 110 661 110 663 100 110 664 0 111 668 0 112 677 0 130 787 0 131 792 0 131 7193 0 132 797 0 132 801 0 134 808 0 134 815 0 134 817 100 136 829 100 136 832 0 137 840 0 139 854 50 139 855 100 140 858 100 140 860 0 140 861 50 140 863 100 oc HAAR NOR RAR NEAR ARR AANA AAS ho] SPU PUDUVASVVUVVUDSVUVUU SVU SUSVUSU SVS SUVCUVUVUUVDU SS SV SVUUVUAUSFUSVUV AS SVUVU SP SV UU AP VUUU SPU SUS SB o o ~— ma 3/29/29 3/31/29 3/31/29 3/31/29 4/24/29 4/24/29 4/25/29 4/26/29 4/26/29 4/26/29 10/15/29 10/17/29 8.29 8.30 8.30 wu SSSSSSNSeeeSSSSSeSeseeeeeee BO Go Co Go Go Go DD Go Go Go Go Co oi Oo BD Go 09 Co C9 0 09 GC PO4 mg/m3 i _ —_ AAO Ow Ph he Oe Ooo 01 01 1 co 0 yt) me: CORMBMIMAIIAIAINHIIAAWRMRPRWWAAuUA: 99 100 CERATIUM IN THE PACIFIC AND NORTH ATLANTIC OCEANS Table 33. Distributional and environmental records for Ceratium declinatum--Concluded Depth Relative Appa- Temperature | Salinity PO4 am pl ° | poaable abundance | ratus (°C) (0/oo) mg/m? 50 5 : 147 908 r p 10/17/29 23.1 35.3 8.29 5 148 917 0 r p 10/19/29 23.4 SREY Sasa 149 920 0 r n 10/21/29 23.5 35.0 8.34 6 149 927 0 r p 10/21/29 23.5 35.0 8.34 6 149 928 50 r p 10/21/29 23.3 35.0 8.37 6 150 930 50 oc n 10/23/29 22.8 34.8 8.35 10 150 931 100 r n 10/23/29 19.6 34.6 8.32 11 150 933 0 oc p 10/23/29 25.6 34.7 8.39 7 150 936 100 r p 10/23/29 19.6 34.6 8.32 11 151 941 0 r p 10/26/29 26.0 S40) eee occ 152 948 0 r p 10/27/29 27.4 33.7 8.35 20 153 952 50 r n 10/29/29 28.1 34.4 8.39 7 153 956 50 r p 10/29/29 28.1 34.4 8.39 7 153 957 100 G p 10/29/29 20.5 34.7 8.28 31 155 967 100 r n 11/ 2/29 27.2 * 35.0 8.30 35 156 973 50 r p 11/ 4/29 27.0 35.1 8.37 46 156 974 100 oc n 11/ 4/29 26.4 35.1 8.30 48 157 980 100 r n 11/ 6/29 26.8 35.5 8.30 64 159 992 100 r n 11/11/29 28.0 35.7 8.37 23 160 1000 0 r n 11/13/29 28.6 35.6 8.37 12 160 1002 50 r n__ 11/13/29 28.6 35.6 8.39 15 Table 34. Distributional and environmental records for Ceratium gibberum Depth Relative Appa- Temperature Salinity PO4 Seo geemple (m) abundance ratus Dare (GC) (0/oo) pH mg/m? 1 1 0 oc n 5/12/28 24.0 36.2 8.16 34 la 4 0 oc n 5/14/28 22.3 36.3 8.20 46 la 5 0 oc n 5/14/28 22.3 36.3 8.20 46 1b 6 0 c n 5/16/28 22.3 36.3 8.20 46 1b 7 50 r n 5/16/28 22.2 36.4 8.21 39 1b 8 100 oc n 5/16/28 20.3 35.5 8.18 36 2 12 50 oc n 5/18/28 20.5 36.4 8.21 46 2 14 0 r n 5/18/28 20.5 36.4 8.23 58 13a 89 0 r n 8/ 8/28 (21.2 35.2 8.18 11) 14 90 0 r n 8/ 9/28 21.2 35.2 8.18 11 14 94 100 r n 8/ 9/28 14.0 35.6 8.06 34 15 97 0 oc p 8/ 9/28 24.8 36.4 8.21 11 15 98 50 r p 8/ 9/28 19.8 36.5 8.21 8 15 101 50 oc n 8/ 9/28 19.8 36.5 8.21 8 15 102 100 oc n 8/ 9/28 18.4 36.4 8.20 19 16 106 0 r n 8/13/28 25.9 36.2 8.24 8 16 108 100 oc n 8/13/28 19.9 36.5 8.17 13 17 109 0 r p 8/15/28 26.2 36.6 8.29 9 17 110 50 r p 8/15/28 21.9 36.6 8.28 12 17 111 0 r n 8/15/28 26.2 36.6 8.29 9 17 112 50 r n 8/15/28 21.9 36.6 8.28 12 18 114 0 r p 8/17/28 27.0 37.0 8.23 5 18 115 50 r p 8/17/28 22.4 36.8 8.24 5 18 116 100 r P 8/17/28 20.4 36.8 8.21 5 18 117 0 r n 8/17/28 27.0 37.0 8.23 5 20 126 50 r p 8/22/28 25.8 36.6 8.26 3 20 130 100 r n 8/22/28 22.6 36.7 8.19 5 20-21 131 0 r n 8/23/28 (26.6 36.3 8.32 4) 21 134 100 r Pp 8/24/28 21.0 36.8 8.20 7 21 135 0 oc n 8/24/28 26.6 36.3 8.32 4 21 137 100 r n 8/24/28 21.0 36.8 8.20 Y/ 23 145 0 r p 8/29/28 27.2 35.9 8.25 4 23 149 50 r n 8/29/28 20.9 36.0 8.14 13 23 150 100 r n 8/29/28 16.6 36.0 8.18 75 24 151 0 r p 8/31/28 27.2 35.2 8.32 4 24 155 50 r n 8/31/28 23.1 36.0 8.14 8 24 156 100 r n 8/31/28 15.6 35.6 7.96 99 25 157 0 oc n 9/ 3/28 27.5 35.6 8.31 5 25 160 0 r n 9/ 3/28 an5 35.6 8.31 5 25 161 50 r n 9/ 3/28 215 36.0 8.22 12 26 164 50 r p 9/ 5/28 24.1 36.1 8.21 5 27 171 50 r n 9/ 7/28 26.0 36.2 8.30 4 30 188 0 r n 9/15/28 28.0 36.1 8.30 2 30 189 50 r n 9/15/28 27.8 36.1 8.29 3 30 190 100 r n 9/15/28 24.1 36.4 8.10 20 31 191 0 r n 10/ 3/28 28.5 34.4 8.27 2 31 193 100 r n 10/ 3/28 23.4 36.5 8.19 28 a ce ee Table 34. Distributional and environmental records for Ceratium gibberum--Continued Depth Relative Appa- Temperature | Salinity PO4 Station Sample ° abundance | ratus (°C) (o/oo) | PH | mg/m’ oc APPENDIX 32 194 0 n 10/ 5/28 28.0 36.0 8.23 2 32 195 50 r n 10/ 5/28 27.2 36.0 8.24 2 32 196 100 r n 10/ 5/28 22.2 36.4 8.10 30 33 197A 0 oc p 10/ 8/28 28.5 35.6 8.23 4 34 200 0 r n 10/ 9/28 28.5 35.9 8.28 2 34 200A 0 oc p 10/ 9/28 28.5 35.9 8.28 2 34 202 50 r n 10/ 9/28 25.0 36.5 8.2] 3 35-36 209 0 oc n 10/27/28 27.4 29.7 8.31 15 35-36 212 0 oc n 10/28/28 27.0 30.7 8.27 16 37 217 0 r n 11/ 1/28 27.1 31.7 8.28 15 37 218 50 r n 11/ 1/28 18.8 34.5 8.00 121 37 219 100 oc n 11/ 1/28 15.1 34.9 7.82 153 37 221 50 r p 11/ 1/28 18.8 34.5 8.00 121 42 242 50 r n 11/13/28 17.2 34.9 7.99 68 45 256 0 r n 11/19/28 22.4 35.3 8.12 38 45 258 100 z n 11/19/28 18.6 35.1 8.00 50 45 259 0 oc p 11/19/28 22.4 35.3 8.12 38 45 260 50 r p 11/19/28 22.4 35.2 8.13 46 46 261 0 r n 11/21/28 23.3 35.3 8.16 36 46 262 50 oc n 11/21/28 23.2 35.3 8.16 40 46 263 100 r n 11/21/28 22.5 35.4 8.17 40 46 264 0 ip p 11/21/28 23.3 35.3 8.16 36 46 265 50 r p 11/21/28 23.2 35.3 8.16 40 47 266 0 oc n 11/23/28 23.9 36.0 8.23 17 47 267 50 oc n 11/23/28 23.8 36.0 8.23 20 47 268 100 r n 11/23/28 22.7 36.2 8.23 20 47 269 0 r p 11/23/28 23.9 36.0 8.23 17 47 270 50 r p 11/23/28 23.8 36.0 8.23 20 48 273 100 r n 11/25/28 22.7 36.3 8.26 16 48 274 0 r p 11/25/28 23.6 36.4 8.23 13 48 276 100 r p 11/25/28 22.7 36.3 8.26 16 49 277 0 ms n 11/27/28 23.4 36.2 8.27 13 49 279 100 oc n 11/27/28 21.6 35.9 8.26 13 49 282 100 r p 11/27/28 21.6 35.9 8.26 13 50 284 0 oc n 11/29/28 23.2 36.0 8.23 13 50 285 50 oc n 11/29/28 22.0 35.9 8.23 13 50 286 100 oc n 11/29/28 20.5 35.7 8.22 13 50 287 0 oc p 11/29/28 23.2 36.0 8.23 13 50 289 100 r p 11/29/28 20.5 35.7 8.22 13 51 295 100 r n 12/ 1/28 20.0 35.6 8.22 17 51 298 100 r p 12/ 1/28 20.0 35.6 8.22 17 52 300 50 r n 12/ 3/28 20.2 35.6 8.20 8 52 301 100 r n 12/ 3/28 18.2 35.2 8.17 8 53 305 100 r n 12/ 5/28 19.9 35.6 8.19 13 53-54 307 0 7 n 12/ 5/28 23.0 35.6 8.22 11 53-54 308 0 7 n 12/ 5/28 23.0 35.6 8.22 11 53-54 312 0 r n 12/10/28 23.0 35.6 8.22 11 53-54 316 0 r n 12/12/28 23.0 35.6 8.22 11 54 320 50 oc n 12/14/28 19.8 35.4 8.18 17 54 321 100 oc n 12/14/28 18.7 35.4 8.16 20 54 322 0 r p 12/14/28 23.4 35.5 8.22 9 55 324 50 oc n 12/16/28 18.7 35.0 8.18 12 55 325 100 r n 12/16/28 16.7 34.9 ee Ys 12 56 328 0 oc n 12/18/28 20.8 34.9 8.13 9 56 329 50 r n 12/18/28 18.5 35.1 8.14 9 56 330 100 oc n 12/18/28 16.6 34.8 8.11 12 56 331 0 oc p 12/18/28 20.8 34.9 8,13 9 56-57 334 0 oc n 12/19/28 (19.0 34.5 8.14 20) 57 335 0 oc n 12/20/28 19.0 34.5 8.14 20 57 336 50 iy n 12/20/28 15.6 34.3 8.14 21 57 337 100 oc n 12/20/28 14.3 34.4 8.10 40 57 338 0 r p 12/20/28 19.0 34.5 8.14 20 57 340 100 oc p 12/20/28 14.3 34.4 8.10 40 58 344 0 r p 12/22/28 17.0 34.0 8.12 20 63 379 0 r n 1/ 1/29 20.5 34.6 8.07 21 63 381 100 r n 1/ 1/29 15.6 34.6 8.08 24 63-64 386 0 r n 1/ 1/29 20.5 34.6 8.07 21 63-64 387 0 oc n 1/ 2/29 20.5 34.6 8.07 21 63-64 388 0 iy n 1/ 2/29 20.5 34.6 8.07 21 63-64 390 0 r n 1/ 2/29 20.5 34.6 8.07 21 63-64 391 0 r n 1/ 3/29 20.5 34.6 8.07 21 63-64 392 0 r n 1/ 3/29 20.5 34.6 8.07 21 63-64 393 0 r n 1/ 3/29 20.5 34.6 8.07 21 64 394 0 oc n 1/ 3/29 20.6 34.6 8.12 21 64 398 0 rr p 1/ 3/29 20.6 34.6 8.12 21 64-65 401 0 oc n 1/ 3/29 (20.6 34.6 8.12 21) 101 102 CERATIUM IN THE PACIFIC AND NORTH ATLANTIC OCEANS Table 34. Distributional and environmental records for Ceratium gibberum--Continued Depth Relative Appa- Temperature | Salinity PO4 0 oc 64-65 402 n 1/ 4/29 20.6 34.6 8.12 21 64-65 403 0 oc n 1/ 4/29 20.6 34.6 8.12 21 64-65 404 0 oc n 1/ 4/29 20.6 34.6 8.12 21 65 405 0 oc n 1/ 5/29 20.2 34.5 8.10 24 65 406 50 r n 1/ 5/29 16.5 34.5 8.10 25 65 407 100 r n 1/ 5/29 14.8 34.3 8.10 34 65 408 oc p 1/ 5/29 20.2 34.5 8.10 24 65 409 50 r p 1/ 5/29 16.5 34.5 8.10 25 66 413 0 r p 1/ 7/29 19.4 34.7 8.10 29 67 416 oc n 1/ 8/29 19.3 34.9 8.11 21 67 418 100 oc n 1/ 8/29 16.2 34.6 8.05 40 73 450 0 c n 2/10/29 25.3 35.4 8.21 44 73 451 50 oc n 2/10/29 18.7 35.4 8.05 122 73 452 100 oc n 2/10/29 14.7 35.0 7.80 178 73 453 0 oc p 2/10/29 25.3 35.4 8.21 44 73 454 50 r p 2/10/29 18.7 35.4 8.05 122 73 455 100 r p 2/10/29 14.7 35.0 Ue alee) 74 456 0 oc n 2/12/29 24.2 35.6 8.17 68 74 457 50 C n 2/12/29 19.2 35.4 8.06 80 74 458 100 r n 2/12/29 15.4 35.1 7.80 175 74 459 0 r p 2/12/29 24.2 35.6 8.17 68 74 461 100 r p 2/12/29 15.4 35.1 7.80 175 75 462 0 oc n 2/14/29 22.8 35.8 8.18 44 15 463 50 r n 2/14/29 20.0 35.5 8.14 46 75 464 100 r n 2/14/29 17.8 35.4 8.00 75 75 465 0 r p 2/14/29 22.8 35.8 8.18 44 76 467 0 oc n 2/16/29 23.4 35.9 8.15 50 76 468 50 r n 2/16/29 22.1 35.9 8.14 42 17 472 0 oc n 2/18/29 23.7 36.0 8.19 16 77 473 0 r p 2/18/29 23.7 36.0 8.19 16 77 474 50 oc p 2/18/29 23.5 36.0 8.19 16 78 475 0 oc n 2/20/29 24.6 36.0 8.17 32 78 476 50 oc n 2/20/29 23.8 36.1 8.14 32 78 477 100 oc n 2/20/29 21.9 36.2 8.14 34 78 478 oc p 2/20/29 24.6 36.0 8.17 32 78 479 50 oc p 2/20/29 23.8 36.1 8.14 32 79 481 0 oc n 2/22/29 25.2 36.0 8.17 34 79 482 50 oc n 2/22/29 24.5 36.1 8.17 34 79 483 100 oc n 2/22/29 21.8 36.2 8.13 45 79 484 0 oc p 2/22/29 25.2 36.0 8.17 34 79 485 50 oc p 2/22/29 24.5 36.1 8.17 34 80 486 0 oc n 2/24/29 26.0 35.9 8.20 36 80 487 50 r n 2/24/29 25.9 36.0 8.19 29 80 488 0 oc p 2/24/29 26.0 35.9 8.20 36 80 489 50 r p 2/24/29 25.9 36.0 8.19 29 80 490 100 r p 2/24/29 23.4 36.2 8.16 32 81 491 0 c n 2/26/29 26.5 35.8 8.19 38 81 492 50 r n 2/26/29 26.4 35.9 8.19 38 81 493 0 r p 2/26/29 26.5 35.8 8.19 38 82 497 50 rr n 2/28/29 27.2 36.3 8.21 34 83 501 0 r n 3/ 2/29 27.5 36.3 8.24 29 83 502 50 oc n 3/ 2/29 27.4 36.5 8.24 25 85 510 0 oc n 3/ 6/29 27.9 36.2 8.22 40 85 511 50 r n 3/ 6/29 27.8 36.2 8.22 40 86 516 0 oc n 3/ 9/29 28.3 36.2 8.29 20 87 521 0 r n 3/11/29 27.8 36.1 8.28 17 88 527 50 oc n 3/21/29 28.4 35.9 8.25 13 89 528 0 oc n 3/23/29 28.4 35.6 8.25 21 89 529 50 oc n 3/23/29 28.6 35.8 8.27 12 90 533 0 c n 3/25/29 28.5 35.5 8.27 21 90 534 50 oc n 3/25/29 28.6 35.6 8.26 21 90 535 0 oc p 3/25/29 28.5 35.5 8.27 21 90 536 50 r p 3/25/29 28.6 35.6 8.26 21 91 540 0 oc n 3/27/29 28.7 35.1 8.30 21 91 541 50 c n 3/27/29 28.5 35.2 8.30 24 91 542 0 r p 3/27/29 28.7 35.1 8.30 21 91 543 50 r p 3/27/29 28.5 35.2 8.30 24 91 544 100 r p 3/27/29 25.8 36.0 8.25 30 92 546 50 oc n 3/29/29 28.4 35.4 8.29 28 93 550 0 oc n 3/31/29 28.7 34.7 8.30 28 93 551 50 oc n 3/31/29 28.5 34.8 8.30 28 95 567 100 r p 4/24/29 28.5 35.6 8.21 25 96 568 oc n 4/26/29 29.3 35.3 8.23 12 96 569 50 oc n 4/26/29 29.2 35.3 8,23 12 96 570 100 oc n 5/26/29 28.2 35.7 8.19 25 96 581 0 r n 4/30/29 27.0 35.3 8.16 24 eee Depth Relative Appa- Temperature | Salinity cs Con | “ore APPENDIX Table 34. Distributional and environmental records for Ceratium gibberum --Continued AHORA A ° ° AANA RA ASS HARA AOR NN ON NAA Pigparoasag thick alia Ma bia bis Mada Jie tala) ba ia aN OO 0 aan TPS SSSSSSSSSSSSSSVVUAIS SS SSS US SOUS SD SS SDUS FUSS SSS PON SDSS DUB ADAP ESAs Ua ASUS oy 2/29 / 2/29 3) 2/29 5/ 2/29 5/ 2/29 10/23/29 10/23/29 10/26/29 10/26/29 10/26/29 10/26/29 27.9 27.8 27.9 PO4 mg/m? : CAO SAD ATA ATO? D2 DD D.C. ON I DD 9 Hh 69 69 69 CF OD Od D2 D2 I I ID 69 69 C1 C0 O10 CO I 9. 01 1 01 09 eT OT = 01 CO CO CO CO > 103 104 CERATIUM IN THE PACIFIC AND NORTH ATLANTIC OCEANS Table 34. Distributional and environmental records for Ceratium gibberum--Concluded Depth Relative Appa- Temperature | Salinity PO4 ti am pl ° Sa one abundance | ratus (°C) (0/oo) mg/m% 50 151 942 r p 10/26/29 18.3 34.4 —... nee 153 952 50 r n 10/29/29 28.1 34.4 8.39 7 153 953 100 r n 10/29/29 20.5 34.7 8.28 31 153 956 50 r p 10/29/29 28.1 34.4 8.39 7 154 958 0 r n 10/31/29 28.3 34.2 8.39 U 154 959 50 ie n 10/31/29 28.2 34.2 8.40 7 154 960 100 r n 10/31/29 25.3 34.8 7.95 21 155 961 0 r n 11/ 2/29 27.8 34.9 8.29 29 155 965 0 r n 11/ 2/29 27.8 34.9 8.29 29 155 967 100 oc n 11/ 2/29 27.2 35.0 8.30 35 156 972 0 oc n 11/ 4/29 27.6 35.0 8.34 28 157 978 0 oc n 11/ 6/29 27.1 35.3 8.27 47. 157 979 50 r n 11/ 6/29 27.1 35.2 8.32 60 157 980 100 oc n 11/ 6/29 26.8 35.3 8.30 64 158 983 0 c n 11/ 8/29 28.2 35.6 8.34 36 158 984 50 c n 11/ 8/29 28.2 35.6 8.39 50 158 985 100 c n 11/ 8/29 27.6 35.9 8.39 48 159 990 0 oc n 11/11/29 28.6 35.7 8.37 15 159 991 50 r n 11/11/29 28.5 35.7 8.39 15 159 992 100 r n 11/11/29 28.0 35.7 8.37 23 160 1000 0 r n 11/13/29 28.6 35.6 8.37 12 160 1003 100 r n__ 11/13/29 28.5 35.7 8.44 16 Table 35. Distributional and environmental records for Ceratium concilians Depth Relative Appa- Temperature | Salinity PO4 sain | same | PO" | anansane | satus PH | TRG | ocr | P| meres 16 103 0 r p 8/13/28 25.9 36.2 8.24 8 16 104 50 r p 8/13/28 24.4 36.4 8.23 8 16 107 50 rr n 8/13/28 24.4 36.4 8.23 8 44 251 50 r n 11/17/28 20.4 34.9 8.04 34 44 253 0 r p 11/17/28 20.7 34.9 8.03 38 45 257 50 oc n 11/19/28 22.4 35.2 8.13 46 61 366 0 r p 12/28/28 16.9 34.0 8.05 46 61-62 369 0 oc n 12/28/28 ee 34.0 8.05 46 61-62 370 0 c n 12/29/28 16.9 34.0 8.05 46 62 371 0 c n 12/30/28 19.2 34.2 8.12 32 62 372 50 r n 12/30/28 16.2 34.3 8.10 28 62 373 100 is n 12/30/28 13.1 34.2 8.06 48 62 374 0 oc p 12/30/28 19.2 34.2 8.12 32 62 375 50 r p 12/30/28 16.2 34.3 8.10 28 62-63 377 0 oc n 12/31/28 20.5 34.6 8.07 21 62-63 378 0 r n 12/31/28 20.5 34.6 8.07 21 69 425 50 r n 1/12/29 17.4 35.1 7.99 151 69 426 100 r n 1/12/29 14.6 34.8 7.86 198 69 427 0 oc p 1/12/29 21.1 35.2 8.12 62 10 435 50 r p 1/13/29 15.4 35.0 7.88 178 71 438 0 r n 2/ 6/29 23.5 35.2 8.13 58 71 440 100 i n 2/ 6/29 13.9 35.0 7.71 220 71 441 0 r p 2/ 6/29 23.5 35.2 8.13 58 72 444 50 oc n 2/ 8/29 18.7 35.4 8.12 60 712 445 100 r n 2/ 8/29 14.8 35.0 7.94 154 72 446 0 r p 2/ 8/29 24.9 35.3 8.16 50 72 447 50 r p 2/ 8/29 18.7 35.4 8.12 60 87 524 50 r p 3/11/29 26.5 36.1 8.26 20 88 526 0 oc n 3/21/29 28.5 35.9 8.23 16 93 552 0 r p 3/31/29 28.7 34.7 8.30 28 95 563 50 r n 4/24/29 29.3 34.9 8.24 16 95 566 50 r p 4/24/29 29.3 34.9 8.24 16 96 569 50 oc n 4/26/29 29.2 35.3 8.23 12 96 571 0 r p 4/26/29 29.3 35.3 8.23 12 96 572 50 oc p 4/26/29 29.2 35.3 8.23 12 102 609 0 oc n 5/ 9/29 25.8 35.0 8.24 8 102 612 0 r p 5/ 9/29 25.8 35.0 8.24 8 103 615 0 r n 5/11/29 26.0 35.0 8.25 5 103 618 0 r p 5/11/29 26.0 35.0 8.25 5 104 626 100 r Pp 5/13/29 25.3 35.3 8.21 7 105 630 0 pe p 5/15/29 26.9 34.9 8.23 5 108 647 50 r n 5/27/29 26.8 35.0 8.24 4 108 648 100 oc n 5/27/29 25.2 35.0 8.23 4 109 656 100 rr n 5/29/29 19.4 34.8 8.18 5 109 659 100 r p 5/29/29 , 19.4 34.8 8.18 5 APPENDIX 105 Table 35. Distributional and environmental records for Ceratium concilians--Concluded 110 661 r n 5/31/29 23.9 34.7 8.18 5 110 663 100 r n 9/31/29 17.9 34.7 8.14 11 110 664 0 oc p 5/31/29 23.9 34.7 8.18 5 110 665 50 r p 5/31/29 18.4 34.8 8.16 7 112 674 ir n 6/ 5/29 23.2 34.6 8.22 7 112 676 100 r n 6/ 5/29 19.8 34.7 8.20 8 128 779 0 r n 1/25/29 16.4 33.0 8.12 29 129 780 0 r n 9/27/29 16.3 33.1 8.13 25 130 781 0 r n 9/ 4/29 16.2 33.4 8.34 36 130 782 50 r n 9/ 4/29 11.7 33.4 8.26 83 130 784 0 r p 9/ 4/29 16.2 33.4 8.34 36 131 789 100 oc n 9/ 6/29 12.1 33.4 8.32 sss 136 834 100 r p 9/16/29 18.6 35.0 8.39 3 138 845 100 r n 9/20/29 22.2 34.8 8.31 3 140 858 100 r n 10/ 3/29 25.5 35.0 8.34 7 140 862 100 r p 10/ 3/29 25.5 35.0 8.34 7 141 868 0 r p 10/ 5/29 25.9 35.2 8.34 5 142 874 100 r n 10/ 7/29 16.6 34.4 8.27 uf 142 879 100 r p 10/ 7/29 16.6 34.4 8.27 7 146 897 50 r n 10/15/29 22.4 34.9 8.30 6 150 930 50 r n 10/23/29 22.8 34.8 8.35 10 150 931 100 r n 10/23/29 19.6 34.6 8.32 11 151 941 0 r p 10/26/29 26.0 34:0) 7 fiseeee oes 153 951 0 Pr, n 10/29/29 28.1 34.2 8.47 7 154 958 0 rc n 10/31/29 28.3 34.2 8.39 7 154 959 50 r n 10/31/29 28.2 34.2 8.40 7 155 965 0 r n 11/ 2/29 27.8 34.9 8.29 29 156 974 100 r n 11/ 4/29 26.4 35.1 8.30 48 157 978 0 ie n 11/ 6/29 27.1 35.3 8.27 47 158 983 0 oc n 11/ 8/29 28.2 35.6 8.34 36 158 985 100 r n 11/ 8/29 27.6 35.9 8.39 48 Table 36. Distributional and environmental records for Ceratium lunula Depth Relative Appa- Temperature Salinity PO4 1 1 oc n 5/12/28 24.0 36.2 8.16 34 1 2 10 r n 5/12/28 22.4 36.4 8.17 35 la 5 0 r n 5/14/29 22.3 36.3 8.20 46 1b 6 iG) c n 5/16/28 22.3 36.3 8.20 46 1b 7 50 oc n 5/16/28 22.2 36.4 8.21 39 1b 8 100 oc n 5/16/28 20.3 Saco) 8.18 36 2 14 0 r n 5/18/28 20.5 36.4 8.23 58 15 98 50 r p 8/11/28 19.8 36.5 8.21 8 15 100 0 r n 8/11/28 24.8 36.4 8.21 11 15 101 50 r n 8/11/28 19.8 36.5 8.21 8 16 107 50 r n 8/13/28 24.4 36.4 8.23 8 18 118 50 r n 8/17/28 22.4 36.8 8.24 5 19 124 100 r n 8/20/28 22.4 37.0 8.25 5 20 129 50 r n 8/22/28 25.8 36.6 8.26 3 25 161 50 r n 9/ 3/28 21.5 36.0 8.22 12 31 193 100 r n 10/ 3/28 23.4 36.5 8.19 28 34 201 100 ir n 10/ 9/28 20.5 36.6 8.16 16 34 202 50 r n 10/ 9/28 25.0 36.5 8.21 3 35 203 0 r n 10/26/28 27.4 29.7 8.31 15 35a 208 0 oc n 10/26/28 Gea 29.7 8.31 15 35-36 209 0 r n 10/27/28 27.4 29.7 8.31 15 39 226 50 oc n 11/ 6/28 16.3 34.6 7.92 48 40 231 100 r n 11/ 8/28 13.9 35.0 7.85 159 41 235 r n 11/10/28 20.4 34.2 8.11 32 41 236 50 r n 11/10/28 14.6 35.0 7.94 58 42 241 0 r n 11/13/28 18.7 34.7 8.06 45 46 263 100 r n 11/21/28 22.5 35.4 8.17 40 46 264 0 r p 11/21/28 23.3 35.3 8.16 36 Ch | 266 0 r n 11/23/28 23.9 36.0 8.23 17 47 267 50 r n 11/23/28 23.8 36.0 8.23 20 47 268 100 r n 11/23/28 22.7 36.2 8.23 20 69 424 0 oc n tee att He Baa a 69 425 50 oc n 1/12/ te ‘ A 69 426 100 oc n 1/12/29 14.6 34.8 7.86 198 69 427 0 oc p 1/12/29 21.1 35.2 8.12 62 69 428 50 oc p 1/12/29 17.4 35.1 7.99 151 106 CERATIUM IN THE PACIFIC AND NORTH ATLANTIC OCEANS Table 36. Distributional and environmental records for Ceratium lunula--Continued Depth Relative Appa- r Station 69 429 100 p 1/12/29 14.6 34.8 7.86 198 70 431 0 r n 1/13/29 21.2 35.1 8.05 103 70 432 50 oc n 1/13/29 15.4 35.0 7.88 178 70 435 50 oc p 1/13/29 15.4 35.0 7.88 178 71 440 100 r n 2/ 6/29 13.9 35.0 7.71 220 71 441 0 oc p 2/ 6/29 23.5 35.2 8.13 58 72 443 0 r n 2/ 8/29 24.9 35.3 8.16 50 72 444 50 r n 2/ 8/29 18.7 35.4 8.12 60 72-73 449 0 r n 2/ 9/29 (25.3 35.4 8.21 44) 73 451 50 r n 2/10/29 18.7 35.4 8.05 122 73 452 100 r n 2/10/29 14.7 35.0 7.80 178 74 456 0 r n 2/12/29 24.2 35.6 8.17 68 75 462 0 oc n 2/14/29 22.8 35.8 8.18 44 75 463 50 oc n 2/14/29 20.0 35.5 8.14 46 75 464 100 oc n 2/14/29 17.8 35.4 8.00 15 75 465 0 r p 2/14/29 22.8 35.8 8.18 44 75 466 50 r p 2/14/29 20.0 35.5 8.14 46 76 467 0 c n 2/16/29 23.4 35.9 8.15 50 76 469 100 r n 2/16/29 21.2 35.8 8.12 45 76 470 r p 2/16/29 23.4 35.9 8.15 50 77 472 0 r n 2/18/29 23.7 36.0 8.19 16 77 472 0 r p 2/18/29 23.7 36.0 8.19 16 79 483 100 r n 2/22/29 21.8 36.2 8.13 45 80 486 0 r n 2/24/29 26.0 35.9 8.20 36 80 487 50 r n 2/24/29 25.9 36.0 8.19 29 81 491 0 r n 2/26/29 26.5 35.8 8.19 38 81 492 50 r n 2/26/29 26.4 35.9 8.19 38 81 493 0 r p 2/26/29 26.5 35.8 8.19 38 82 496 0 oc n 2/28/29 27.2 36.3 8.21 34 82 497 50 oc n 2/28/29 27.2 36.3 8.21 34 82 498 0 r p 2/28/29 27.2 36.3 8.21 34 82 500 100 r p 2/28/29 27.4 36.5 8.19 34 83 501 0 r n 3/ 2/29 27.5 36.3 8.24 29 85 510 0 r n 3/ 6/29 27.9 36.2 8.22 40 91 540 0 r n 3/27/29 28.7 35.1 8.30 21 91 541 50 r n 3/27/29 28.5 35.2 8.30 24 93 551 50 oc n 3/31/29 28.5 34.8 8.30 28 94 558 50 oc n 4/22/29 29.3 34.7 8.25 14 94 559 100 r n 4/22/29 28.5 35.6 8.21 25 95 563 50 r n 4/24/29 29.3 34.9 8.24 16 96 569 50 5 n 4/26/29 29.2 35.3 8.23 12 96 570 100 oc n 4/26/29 28.2 35.7 8.19 25 96 572 50 is p 4/26/29 29.2 35.3 8.23 12 97 574 0 oc n 4/28/29 28.3 35.2 8.16 24 97 575 50 oc n 4/28/29 28.0 35.4 8.16 21 97 576 100 oc n 4/28/29 27.6 35.6 8.15 25 97 578 50 r p 4/28/29 28.0 35.4 8.16 21 98 581 0 r n 4/30/29 27.0 35.3 8.16 24 98 582 50 r n 4/30/29 26.9 35.3 8.16 28 99 589 0 oc n 5/ 2/29 27.9 34.9 8.21 12 99 590 50 rt n 5/ 2/29 27.8 34.9 8.22 12 99 591 100 rT n 5/ 2/29 27.8 35.0 8.22 17 99 595 0 oc n 5/ 2/29 27.9 34.9 8.21 12 100 596 50 oc n 5/ 4/29 27.6 34.7 8.21 10 100 597 100 r n 5/ 4/29 27.6 34.7 8.22 12 100 602 100 r p 5/ 4/29 27.6 34.7 8.22 12 102 610 50 iy n 5/ 9/29 25.8 35.0 8.24 8 104 623 100 oc n 5/13/29 25.3 35.3 8.21 7 105 627 50 oc n 5/15/29 26.8 34.9 8.23 5 105 628 50 oc n 5/15/29 26.8 34.9 8.23 5 105 629 100 r n 5/15/29 25.2 35.1 8.23 5 106 634 50 ) n 5/17/29 27.0 35.0 8.23 5 106 635 100 r n 5/17/29 25.6 35.1 8.23 5 108 647 50 oc n 5/27/29 26.8 35.0 8.24 4 108 648 100 oc n 5/27/29 25.2 35.0 8.23 4 109 655 50 oc n 5/29/29 23.1 35.0 8.22 3 109 656 100 oc n 5/29/29 19.4 34.8 8.18 5 110 662 50 r n 5/31/29 18.4 34.8 8.16 7 111 668 y n 6/ 3/29 20.1 34.5 8.18 5 111 670 100 oc n 6/ 3/29 18.2 34.7 8.13 13 112 674 0 oc n 6/ 5/29 23.2 34.6 8.22 7 112 675 50 oc n 6/ 5/29 21.7 34.6 8.23 7 112 676 100 oc n 6/ 5/29 19.8 34.7 8.20 8 112 677 0 r p 6/ 5/29 23.2 34.6 8.22 7 113 680 0 oc n 6/25/29 24.2 34.5 8.25 5 113 681 50 r n 6/25/29 23.8 34.6 8.25 5 Table 36. Distributional and environmental records for Ceratium lunula--Concluded APPENDIX Depth Relative Appa- Temperature Salinity PO4 at 113 682 100 n 6/25/29 21-5 34.7 8.23 8 114 687 50 Be n 6/27/29 16.2 34.6 8.04 63 114 688 100 oc n 6/27/29 13.0 34.5 8.00 91 114 690 50 oc p 6/27/29 16.2 34.6 8.04 63 115 692 0 r n 6/29/29 20.6 34.6 8.19 4 115 694 100 r n 6/29/29 15.6 34.6 8.08 27 150 930 50 r n 10/23/29 22.8 34.8 8.35 10 150 931 100 r n 10/23/29 19.6 34.6 8.32 11 151 937 0 is n 10/26/29 26.0 O40) Recess tes 152 946 100 c n 10/27/29 11.4 34.7 7.76 15 153 951 0 oc n 10/29/29 28.1 34.2 8.47 Lf 153 955 0 Ts p 10/29/29 28.1 34.2 8.47 7 153 952 50 oc n 10/29/29 28.1 34.4 8.39 7 153 953 100 r n 10/29/29 20.5 34.7 8.28 31 153 956 50 r p 10/29/29 28.1 34.4 8.39 7 154 959 50 r n 10/31/29 28.2 34.2 8.40 7 155 965 0 r men 1/2429 27.8 34.9 8.29 29 155 966 0 r n 11/ 2/29 27.8 34.9 8.29 29 155 967 100 oc n 11/ 2/29 27.2 35.0 8.30 35 156 972 0 r n 11/ 4/29 27.6 35.0 8.34 28 156 973 0 r p 11/ 4/29 27.6 35.0 8.34 28 156 974 100 oc n 11/ 4/29 26.4 35.1 8.30 48 157 978 0 c n 11/ 6/29 27.1 35.3 8.27 47 157 979 50 oc n 11/ 6/29 teal 35.2 8.23 60 157 980 100 r n 11/ 6/29 26.8 35.5 8.30 64 158 983 0 oc n 11/ 8/29 28.2 35.6 8.34 36 158 984 50 oc n 11/ 8/29 28.2 35.6 8.39 50 159 990 0 oc n 11/11/29 28.6 35.7 8.37 15 159 991 50 oc n 11/11/29 28.5 35.7 8.39 15 159 992 100 r am hyablet) 28.0 35.7 8.37 23 160 1002 50 r n 11/13/29 28.6 35.6 8.39 15 Table 37. Distributional and environmental records for Ceratium contortum Depth Relative Appa- bey Salinity PO4 1 1 n 5/12/28 24.0 36.2 8.16 34 1 2 7 Se n 5/12/28 23.9 36.3 8.20 31 la 3 0 r n 5/14/28 22.3 36.3 8.20 46 la 4 0 oc n 5/14/28 22.3 36.3 8.20 46 la 5 0 oc n 5/14/28 22.3 36.3 8.20 46 1b 6 0 oc n 5/16/28 22.3 36.3 8.20 46 1b 7 50 c n 5/16/28 22.2 36.4 8.21 39 1b 8 100 c n 5/16/28 20.3 35.5 8.18 36 2 12 50 c n 5/18/28 20.5 36.4 8.21 46 2 13 100 oc n 5/18/28 19.8 36.4 8.21 33 2 14 0 c n 5/18/28 20.5 36.4 8.21 46 13a 89 0 r n 8/ 8/28 (21.2 35.2 8.18 11) 14 90 0 oc n 8/ 8/28 21.2 35.2 8.18 11 14 91 100 oc p 8/ 9/28 14.0 35.6 8.06 34 14 93 0 r p 8/ 9/28 21.2 35.2 8.18 11 14 95 50 Tr n 8/ 9/28 15.0 35.1 8.18 16 15 97 0 r p 8/11/28 24.8 36.4 8.21 11 15 101 50 r n 8/11/28 19.8 36.5 8.21 8 15 102 100 oc n 8/11/28 18.4 36.4 8.20 19 16 103 0 r p 8/13/28 25.9 36.2 8.24 8 16 106 0 r n 8/13/28 25.9 36.2 8.24 8 16 108 100 r n 8/13/28 19.9 36.5 8.17 13 17 109 0 r p 8/15/28 26.2 36.6 8.29 9 17 110 50 r p 8/15/28 21.9 36.6 8.28 12 17 111 0 r n 8/15/28 26.2 36.6 8.29 9 17 112 50 r n 8/15/28 21.9 36.6 8.28 12 17 113 100 r n 8/15/28 19.3 36.5 8.23 9 18 115 50 r p 8/17/28 22.4 36.8 8.24 5 18 117 0 oc n 8/17/28 27.0 37.0 8.23 5 18 118 50 c n 8/17/28 22.4 36.8 8.24 5 18 119 100 oc n 8/17/28 20.4 36.8 8.21 5 19 120 0 r p 8/20/28 36.6 37.0 8.34 5 19 121 50 r p 8/20/28 25.2 37.1 8.27 5 19 122 0 oc n 8/20/28 26.6 37.0 8.34 5 19 123 50 r n 8/20/28 25.2 37.1 8.27 5 19 124 100 -r n 8/20/28 22.4 37.0 8.25 5 107 108 CERATIUM IN THE PACIFIC AND NORTH ATLANTIC OCEANS Table 37. Distributional and environmental records for Ceratium contortum--Continued Station | Sample Depth Relative | Appa- Temperature | Salinity PO4 (m) | abundance | ratus (°C) (0/00) mg/m3 20 125 r p 8/22/28 26.0 36.6 8.37 5 20 126 50 oc p 8/22/28 25.8 36.6 8.26 3 20 127 100 r p 8/22/28 22.6 36.7 8.19 5 20 128 0 c n 8/22/28 26.0 36.6 8.37 5 20 129 50 c n 8/22/28 25.8 36.6 8.26 3 20 130 100 r n 8/22/28 22.6 36.7 8.19 5 20-21 131 0 oc n 8/23/28 (26.6 36.3 8.32 4) 21 132 r p 8/24/28 26.6 36.3 8.32 4 21 134 100 a p 8/24/28 21.0 36.8 8.20 N 21 135 c n 8/24/28 26.6 36.3 8.32 4 21 136 50 r n 8/24/28 24.4 36.2 8.26 4 21 137 100 oc n 8/24/28 21.0 36.8 8.20 7 22 139 0 c p 8/27/28 26.7 36.0 8.26 8 22 142 0 r n 8/27/28 26.7 36.0 8.26 8 22 143 50 r n 8/27/28 24.5 36.2 8.21 9 22 144 100 r n 8/27/28 17.5 36.1 7.99 123 23 145 oc p 8/29/28 27.2 35.9 8.25 4 23 148 0 r n 8/29/28 27.2 35.9 8.25 4 23 149 50 r n 8/29/28 20.9 36.0 8.14 13 23 150 100 r n 8/29/28 16.6 , 36.0 8.18 75 24 151 0 oc n 8/31/28 27.2 35.2 8.32 4 24 154 0 oc n 8/31/28 27.2 35.2 8.32 4 24 155 50 oc n 8/31/28 23.1 36.0 8.14 8 24 156 100 rT n 8/31/28 15.6 35.6 7.96 99 25 157 0 c p 9/ 3/28 27.5 35.6 8.31 5 25 160 0 oc n 9/ 3/28 27.5 35.6 8.31 5 25 161 50 r n 9/ 3/28 21.5 36.0 8.22 12 25 162 100 r n 9/ 3/28 14.6 35.7 7.93 121 26 163 0 oc p 9/ 5/28 27.6 36.0 8.30 5 26 166 0 oc n 9/ 5/28 27.6 36.0 8.30 5 27 167 0 r p 9/ 7/28 27.5 36.3 8.31 4 27 171 50 r n 9/ 7/28 26.0 36.2 8.30 4 27 172 100 r n 9/ 7/28 17.7 36.0 8.09 46 28 176 0 oc n 9/11/28 27.6 36.3 8.29 4 28 177 50 oc n 9/11/28 26.7 36.3 8.26 4 28 178 100 r n 9/11/28 22.8 36.6 8.22 7 29 179 0 c p 9/13/28 27.6 36.2 8.31 3 29 182 0 oc n 9/13/28 27.6 36.2 8.31 3 29 183 50 r n 9/13/28 27.2 36.2 8.29 3 29 184 100 oc n 9/13/28 . 23.1 36.6 8.21 8 30 186 50 rr p 9/15/28 27.8 36.1 8.29 3 30 188 0 oc n 9/15/28 28.0 36.1 8.30 2 30 189 50 c n 9/15/28 27.8 36.1 8.29 3 30 190 100 r n 9/15/28 24.1 36.4 8.10 20 31 191 oc n 10/ 3/28 28.5 34.4 8.27 2 31 192 50 x n 10/ 3/28 28.2 35.4 8.23 2 31 193 100 c n 10/ 3/28 23.4 36.5 8.19 28 32 194 0 c n 10/ 5/28 28.0 36.0 8.23 2 32 194A 0 oc p 10/ 5/28 28.0 36.0 8.23 2 32 195 50 oc n 10/ 5/28 27.2 36.0 8.24 2 32 196 100 oc n 10/ 5/28 22.2 36.4 8.10 30 32 196A 100 r p 10/ 5/28 22.2 36.4 8.10 30 33 197A 0 oc p 10/ 8/28 28.5 35.6 8.23 4 33 198 50 oc n 10/ 8/28 28.2 36.2 8.24 4 34 200 0 c n 10/ 9/28 28.5 35.9 8.28 2 34 200A 0 oc p 10/ 9/28 28.5 35.9 8.28 2 34 201 100 r n 10/ 9/28 20.5 36.6 8.16 16 34 202 50 oc n 10/ 9/28 25.0 36.5 8.21 3 35 204 50 r n 10/26/28 16.8 34.7 7.92 138 35 206 0 oc p 10/26/28 27.4 29.7 8.31 15 35a 208 0 r n 10/26/28 27.0 30.7 8.27 16 35-36 209 0 oc n 10/26/28 27.0 30.7 8.27 16 35-36 212 0 oc n 10/26/28 27.0 30.7 8.27 16 36 213 0 r n 10/30/28 26.5 31.6 8.23 16 36 214 50 r n 10/30/28 18.5 34.5 8.03 122 37 218 50 rr n 11/ 1/28 18.8 34.5 8.00 121 39 225 0 r n 11/ 6/28 24.8 33.0 8.24 16 40 232 0 r p 11/ 8/28 22.2 33.7 8.21 24 41 235 0 r n 11/10/28 20.4 34.2 8.11 32 4la 240 0 r. n 11/19/28 (22.4 35.3 8.12 38) 45 256 0 c n 11/19/28 22.4 35.3 8.12 38 45 257 50 oc n 11/19/28 22.4 35.2 8.13 46 45 258 100 r n 11/19/28 18.6 35.1 8.00 50 46 261 0 oc n 11/21/28 23.3 35.3 8.16 36 46 262 50 oc n 11/21/28 23.2 35.3 8.16 40 263 100 oc n 11/21/28 22.5° 35.4 8.17 40 St ie SS APPENDIX 109 Table 37. Distributional and environmental records for Ceratium contortum --Continued Salinity PO4 ; Depth Relative Appa- Temperature Station e 47 266 0 r n 11/23/28 23.9 36.0 8.23 17 47 267 50 r n 11/23/28 23.8 36.0 8.23 20 47 268 100 z n 11/23/28 22.7 36.2 8.23 20 47 269 0 r p 11/23/28 23.9 36.0 8.23 17 48 271 0 r n 11/25/28 23.6 36.4 8.23 13 48 272 50 r n 11/25/28 23.6 36.4 8.24 16 48 273 100 oc me 11/25728 22.7 36.3 8.26 16 48 274 0 oc p 11/25/28 23.6 36.4 8.23 13 48 275 50 r p 11/25/28 23.6 36.4 8.24 16 48 276 100 r p 11/25/28 22.7 36.3 8.26 16 49 277 0 oc n 11/27/28 23.4 36.2 8.27 13 49 278 50 oc n 11/27/28 22.6 36.1 8.26 13 49 279 100 oc n 11/27/28 21.6 35.9 8.26 13 49 281 50 r p 11/27/28 22.6 36.1 8.26 13 49 282 100 r p 11/27/28 21.6 35.9 8.26 13 49a 283 0 oc n 11/28/28 (23.2 36.0 8.23 13) 50 284 0 oc n 11/29/28 23.2 36.0 8.23 13 50 285 50 oc n 11/29/28 22.0 35.9 8.23 13 50 286 100 oc n 11/29/28 20.5 35.7 8.22 13 50 287 0 oc p 11/29/28 23.2 36.0 8.23 13 50 288 50 oc p 11/29/28 22.0 35.9 8.23 13 50 289 100 rr p 11/29/28 20.5 35.7 8.22 13 50-51 290 oc n~ 11/30/28 22.8 35.6 8.22 16) 50-51 291 0 oc n 11/30/28 22.8 35.6 8.22 16 50-51 292 0 oc n 11/30/28 22.8 35.6 8.22 16 51 293 0 oc n 11/30/28 22.8 35.6 8.22 16 51 294 50 oc n 12/ 1/28 20.5 35.6 8.22 17 51 295 100 oc n 12/ 1/28 20.0 35.6 8.22 17 51 296 0 7 p 12/ 1/28 22.8 35.6 8.22 16 51 297 50 r p 12/ 1/28 20.5 35.6 8.22 17 52 299 0 oc n 12/ 3/28 22.5 35.4 8.21 8 52 300 50 c n 12/ 3/28 20.2 35.6 8.20 8 52 301 100 oc n 12/ 3/28 18.2 35.2 8.17 8 52 302 0 r p 12/ 3/28 22.5 35.4 8.21 8 53 304 50 oc n 12/ 5/28 21.2 35.8 8.20 13 53 305 100 c n 12/ 5/28 19.9 35.6 8.19 13 53 306 0 r p 12/ 5/28 22.6 35.7 8.22 13 53-54 307 0 r n 12/ 6/28 23.0 35.6 8.22 11 4 308 0 T n 12/ 6/28 23.0 35.6 8.22 11 53-54 310 0 a n 12/10/28 23.0 35.6 8.22 11 53-54 311 0 ° n 12/10/28 23.0 35.6 8.22 11 53-54 312 0 fo) n 12/10/28 23.0 35.6 8.22 11 53-54 313 0 (0) n 12/10/28 23.0 35.6 8.22 11 54 316 0 r n 12/12/28 23.0 35.6 8.22 11 53-54 317 0 c n 12/12/28 23.0 35.6 8.22 11 54 320 50 oc n 12/14/28 19.8 35.4 8.18 17 54 321 100 oc n 12/14/28 18.7 35.4 8.16 20 54 322 0 oc p 12/14/28 23.4 35.5 8.22 9 55 323 0 oc n 12/16/28 20.4 34.9 8.19 12 55 324 50 oc n 12/16/28 18.7 35.0 8.18 12 55 325 100 c n 12/16/28 16.7 34.9 ily 12 55 326 0 rs p 12/16/28 20.4 34.9 8.19 12 56 328 0 c n 12/18/28 20.8 34.9 8.13 9 56 329 50 oc n 12/18/28 18.5 35.1 8.14 9 56 330 100 oc n 12/18/28 16.6 34.8 8.11 12 56 331 0 oc p 12/18/28 20.8 34.9 8.13 9 56 332 50 oc p 12/18/28 18.5 35.1 8.14 9 56 333 100 r p 12/18/28 16.6 34.8 8.11 12 56-57 334 0 a n 12/19/28 (19.0 34.5 8.14 20) 335 0 a n 12/20/28 19.0 34.5 8.14 20 57 336 50 oc n 12/20/28 15.6 34.3 8.14 21 57 337 100 oc n 12/20/28 14.3 34.4 8.10 40 57 338 0 oc p 12/20/28 19.0 34.5 8.14 20 57 339 50 r p 12/20/28 15.6 34.3 8.14 21 57 340 100 r p 12/20/28 14.3 34.4 8.10 40 58 346 100 r p 12/22/28 12.3 34.1 8.05 40 59 347 0 r n 12/24/28 16.3 34.0 8.10 38 61-62 370 0 r n 12/28/28 (16.9 34.0 8.05 46) 63 . 379 0 r n 1/ 1/29 20.5 34.6 8.07 21 63 380 50 r n 1/ 1/29 17.0 34.6 8.08 25 63 381 100 re n 1/ 1/29 15.6 34.6 8.08 24 63 382 0 r p 1/ 1/29 20.5 34.6 8.07 21 63 384 100 r p 1/ 1/29 15.6 34.6 8.08 24 63-64 385 r n 1/ 1/29 team 34.6 8.07 a1) 63-64 386 0 r n 1/ 1/29 20.5 34.6 8.07 21 63-64 387 0 r n 1/ 1/29 (20.5 34.6 8.07 21) el 110 CERATIUM IN THE PACIFIC AND NORTH ATLANTIC OCEANS Table 37. Distributional and environmental records for Ceratium contortum--Continued Depth Relative Appa- Temperature | Salinity PO4 tat ao for | Sevoo’ | | meres 63-64 388 r n / 1/29 20.5 34.6 8.07 21 63-64 390 0 r n 1) 1/29 20.5 34.6 8.07 21 63-64 391 0 r n 1/ 1/29 20.5 34.6 8.07 21 63-64 392 0 r n 1/ 1/29 20.5 34.6 8.07 21 63-64 393 0 r n 1/ 1/29 20.5 34.6 8.07 21 64 394 0 r n 1/ 3/29 20.6 34.6 8.12 21 64 398 0 r p 1/ 3/29 20.6 34.6 8.12 21 64-65 401 0 r n 1/ 3/29 20.6 34.6 8.12 an 64-65 402 0 is n 1/ 3/29 20.6 34.6 8.12 21 65 405 0 oc n 1/ 5/29 20.2 34.5 8.10 24 65 408 0 iP p 1/ 5/29 20.2 34.5 8.10 24 66 411 0 r n 1/ 7/29 19.4 34.7 8.10 29 66 412 100 r n 1/ 1/29 17.8 34.9 8.12 21 66 414 50 by p 1/ 7/29 17.8 34.8 8.10 29 67 416 0 oc n 1/ 8/29 19.3 34.9 8.11 21 67 417 50 i n 1/ 8/29 17.4 34.7 8.11 20 67 418 100 oc n 1/ 8/29 16.2 34.6 8.05 40 68 419 r n 1/10/29 19.2 35.1 8.14 29 68 420 50 r n 1/10/29 18.2 35.0 8.14 29 68 422 0 rr p 1/10/29 19.2 35.1 8.14 29 69 424 0 oc n 1/12/29 21.1 35.2 8.12 62 69 426 100 r n 1/12/29 14.6 34.8 7.86 198 69 427 0 r p 1/12/29 21.1 35.2 8.12 62 75 462 0 r n 2/14/29 22.8 35.8 8.18 44 75 463 50 r n 2/14/29 20.0 35.5 8.14 46 75 464 100 oc n 2/14/29 17.8 35.4 8.00 75 75 466 50 rr p 2/14/29 20.0 35.5 8.14 46 76 467 0 c n 2/16/29 23.4 35.9 8.15 50 76 469 100 r n 2/16/29 21.2 35.8 8.12 45 17 472 0 oc n 2/18/29 23.7 36.0 8.19 16 77 473 0 r Pp 2/18/29 23.7 36.0 8.19 16 78 475 0 oc n 2/20/29 24.6 36.0 8.17 32 78 4TT 100 oc n 2/20/29 21.9 36.2 8.14 34 79 482 50 oc n 2/22/29 24.5 36.1 8.17 34 79 483 100 c n 2/22/29 21.8 36.2 8.13 45 79 484 0 r p 2/23/29 25.2 36.0 8.17 34 80 486 0 r n 2/24/29 26.0 35.9 8.20 36 80 488 0 r p 2/24/29 26.0 35.9 8.20 36 80 489 50 oc p 2/24/29 25.9 36.0 8.19 29 81 491 0 oc n 2/26/29 26.5 35.8 8.19 38 81 492 50 oc n 2/26/29 26.4 35.9 8.19 38 82 496 0 oc n 2/28/29 27.2, 36.3 8.21 34 82 497 50 oc n 2/28/29 27.2 36.3 8.21 34 82 498 0 oc p 2/28/29 27.2 36.3 8.21 34 83 501 0 oc n 3/ 2/29 27.5 36.3 8.24 29 83 502 50 c n 3/ 2/29 27.4 36.5 8.24 25 83 503 0 r p 3/ 2/29 27.5 36.3 8.24 29 83 504 50 y p 3/ 2/29 27.4 36.5 8.24 25 84 505 0 r n 3/ 4/29 27.8 36.2 8.23 24 84 506 50 oc n 3/ 4/29 27.5 36.4 8.21 24 84 508 50 r p 3/ 4/29 27.5 36.4 8.21 24 85 510 0 oc n 3/ 6/29 27.9 36.2 8.22 40 85 511 50 oc n 3/ 6/29 27.8 36.2 8.22 40 85 512 0 ie p 3/ 6/29 27.9 36.2 8.22 40 85 513 50 oc p 3/ 6/29 27.8 36.2 8.22 40 86 515 0 oc n 3/ 9/29 (28.3 36.2 8.29 20) 86 516 0 oc n 3/ 9/29 28.3 36.2 8.29 20 86 517 50 oc n 3/ 9/29 27.4 36.2 8.29 17 86 518 0 r p 3/ 9/29 28.3 36.2 8.29 20 87 521 0 oc n 3/11/29 27.8 36.1 8.28 17 87 522 50 oc n 3/11/29 26.5 36.1 8.26 20 87 523 0 r p 3/11/29 27.8 36.1 8.28 17 87 524 50 r p 3/11/29 26.5 36.1 8.26 20 87 525 100 r p 3/11/29 23.9 36.0 8.23 20 88 526 0 oc n 3/21/29 28.5 35.9 8.23 16 88 527 50 oc n 3/21/29 28.4 35.9 8.25 13 89 528 0 oc n 3/23/29 28.4 35.6 8.25 21 89 529 50 r n 3/23/29 28.6 35.8 8.27 12 89 530 0 r p 3/23/29 28.4 35.6 8.25 21 90 533 0 c n 3/25/29 28.5 35.5 8.27 21 90 534 50 c n 3/25/29 28.6 35.6 8.26 21 90 535 0 oc p 3/25/29 28.5 35.5 8.27 21 90 536 50 oc p 3/25/29 28.6 35.6 8.26 21 91 540 0 oc n 3/27/29 28.7 35.1 8.30 21 91 541 50 ic n 3/27/29 28.5 35.2 8.30 24 91 542 0 r p 3/27/29 28.7 35.1 8.30 21 Depth Relative Appa- Temperature Salinity APPENDIX Table 37. Distributional and environmental records for Ceratium contortum--Continued 100 HAHAARKHAAAANAHOAANS anmooo Qaa0 a ° RECT ORAS CLO GUA ONG) LOL CUA GI GIORGI OL Gs AURAL OLO, BSVVUFSVVUUVUSS SUS SS SSVVUSSSUS SS SSUSSSSSSUVU SIS SUASSUVUVUS ST SVS AS SUUCU AES SU SS SSC aS Sa ease sss PO4 mg/m3 3/27/29 28.5 35.2 8.30 21 3/27/29 25.8 36.0 8.25 30 3/29/29 28.5 35.3 8.29 28 3/29/29 3/29/29 3/31/29 4/22/29 4/22/29 4/24/29 4/24/29 4/24/29 4/26/29 4/26/29 4/26/29 4/26/29 4/28/29 —_ _ _ i AAO WOe Te TOO hm he Ole POTION TT I AI OM MOMO MOM MWM OOM 111 112 ae Relative Appa- Temperature ie sige ee [ere 112 112 113 113 113 113 113 113 130 131 131 CERATIUM IN THE PACIFIC AND NORTH ATLANTIC OCEANS Table 37. Distributional and environmental records for Ceratium contortum--Continued 676 677 680 681 682 683 ° pu OR OL GuGheha ht ° ORCS Os OPES TALS SANS aS Os Ol A ES OCs ° oe) iON Sia SSSI As OF OL OU OLOL OAT OF OIG OBBDFISSSVDOASSUSFUFVTUSD SUVS FSU SPSS SUVUASSUS SUVS SVU SE SVUSPSUVUFP SS AS SUVS SSUES UVU eS sos 6/ 5/29 6/ 5/29 6/25/29 Vf 10/11/29 10/11/29 10/11/29 10/11/29 10/13/29 10/13/29 10/13/29 10/13/29 10/13/29 10/15/29 10/15/29 10/15/29 10/17/29 10/17/29 10/17/29 10/17/29 PO4 mg/m? 1 Moanoan-3I3H DMHMAAMNDOAMRAMAAAMWAARMMRBOAHNAMHAINIMNIAINNTJAARHBRARNUWU PP OP 09 69 09 9 COT TON OD MD ~J-J-J J 1-1 APPENDIX Table 37. Distributional and environmental records for Ceratium contortum --Concluded Station | Sample | Depth | Relative | Appa- Temperature (m) | abundance | ratus (°C) 148 148 149 149 910 912 920 oc mRONHNKHONAAA ro) ° PSS SSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSUCVASSVAS Sa Ssec ese aa sv asassS 10/19/29 10/19/29 10/19/29 10/21/29 10/21/29 10/21/29 10/23/29 10/23/29 10/23/29 10/23/29 10/26/29 10/26/29 10/26/29 10/26/29 10/26/29 10/27/29 10/27/29 10/27/29 10/27/29 10/27/29 10/29/29 10/29/29 10/29/29 10/29/29 10/29/29 10/31/29 10/31/29 10/31/29 11/ 2/29 11/ 2/29 11/ 2/29 11/ 4/29 11/ 4/29 11/ 6/29 11/ 6/29 11/ 6/29 11/ 8/29 11/ 8/29 11/ 8/29 11/11/29 11/11/29 11/11/29 11/13/29 11/13/29 11/13/29 23.4 20.0 23.5 23.3 20.3 23.5 25.6 22.8 19.6 Salinity (0/00) 2 GO o> CO CO CO GO CO to Go bo bo to bo bo to ON CO OI seen 2 ©0 CD G9 CD Go C9 GO G0 GO OD CD GD 00 6D 60 GO ~I GO 60 GO OD GO 00 OD ~J~I~I~I.0O. He G9 60 Go G9 Go Go Go 69 69 69 I bo bo 69 69 19 CO im C0 G9 i DO G9 i CO Go IO bh OTIOIOOBRONAIOROODWOOO3IOO IIIA TO Table 38. Distributional and environmental records for Ceratium limulus Gourret 15 rr p 8/11/28 16 103 0 r p 8/13/28 17 109 0 r p 8/15/28 17 112 50 r n 8/15/28 17 113 100 r n 8/15/28 18 115 50 r p 8/17/28 18 118 50 r n 8/17/28 25 161 50 r n 9/ 3/28 26 165 100 r p 9/ 5/28 27 171 50 r n 9/ 7/28 29 179 0 r p 9/13/28 29 181 100 r p 9/13/28 30 186 50 r p 9/15/28 4la 240 0 r n 11/12/28 42 241 0 r n 11/13/28 42 243 100 r n 11/13/28 43 247 0 rr p 11/15/28 44 253 0 ry p 11/17/28 45 258 100 r n 11/29/28 45 259 0 r p 11/19/28 45 260 50 rr p 11/19/28 46 265 50 r p 11/21/28 PO4 mg/m? : ta sre = THOAMMM|: : 113 Dee ge ee UTEEIIIEENIITIEII EERE 114 CERATIUM IN THE PACIFIC AND NORTH ATLANTIC OCEANS Table 38. Distributional and environmental records for Ceratium limulus Gourret--Concluded Depth Relative Appa- Temperature | Salinity PO4 Stat am pl ° Se (ee abundance | ratus (°C) (0/00) mg/m3 0 : 47 269 r p 11/23/28 23.9 36.0 8.23 17 50 287 0 r p 11/29/28 23.2 36.0 8.23 13 50 288° 50 oc p 11/29/28 22.0 35.9 8.23 13 50 289 100 r p 11/29/28 20.5 35.7 8.22 13 50-51 290 0 r n_ 11/30/28 22.8 35.6 8.22 16 50-51 291 0 r n_ 11/30/28 22.8 35.6 8.22 16 50-51 292 0 r n 11/30/28 22.8 35.6 8.22 16 51 294 50 r n 12/ 1/28 20.5 35.6 8.22 17 51 296 0 r p 12/ 1/28 22.8 35.6 8.22 16 51 298 100 r p 12/ 1/28 20.0 35.6 8.22 17 52 300 50 x n 12/ 3/28 20.2 35.6 8.20 8 52 302 0 oc p 12/ 3/28 22.5 35.4 8.21 8 53 306 0 oc p 12/ 5/28 22.6 35.7 8.22 13 53-54 310 0 r n 12/10/28 ae 35.6 8.22 11 53-54 311 0 r n 12/10/28 23.0 35.6 8.22 11 54 322 0 r p 12/14/28 23.4 35.5 8.22 55 324 50 r n 12/16/28 18.7 35.0 8.18 12 56 330 100 r n 12/18/28 16.6 34.3 8.11 12 57 336 50 r n 12/20/28 15.6 34.3 8.14 21 58 342 50 r n 12/22/28 14.8 34.0 8.12 25 62-63 377 0 r n 12/31/28 20.5 34.6 8.07 21 62-63 378 0 r n 12/31/28 20.5 34.6 8.07 21 63-64 385 0 r n 1/ 1/29 20.5 34.6 8.07 21 63-64 387 0 r n 1/ 2/29 20.5 34.6 8.07 21 63-64 388 0 r n 1/ 2/29 20.5 34.6 8.07 21 63-64 391 0 r n 1/ 2/29 20.5 34.6 8.07 21 63-64 393 0 r n 1/ 1/29 20.5 34.6 8.07 21 64-65 402 0 r n 1/ 4/29 20.6 34.6 8.12 21 64-65 403 0 r n 1/ 4/29 20.6 34.6 8.12 21 65 209 50 r p 1/ 5/29 16.5 34.5 8.10 25 65 410 100 r p 1/ 5/29 14.8 34.3 8.10 34 66 415 100 r p 1/29 17.8 34.9 8.12 21 73 452 100 r n 2/10/29 14.7 35.0 7.80 178 17 474 50 r Pp 2/18/29 23.5 36.0 8.19 16 96 573 100 r p 4/26/29 28.2 35.7 8.19 25 97 575 50 r n 4/28/29 28.0 35.4 8.16 21 97 578 50 r p 4/28/29 28.0 35.4 8.16 21 98 585 50 r p 4/30/29 26.9 35.3 8.16 28 100 596 50 r n 5/ 4/29 27.6 34.7 8.21 10 100 597 100 r n 5/ 4/29 27.6 34.7 8.22 12 101 604 50 r n 5/ 7/29 26.2 34.7 8.24 8 101 605 100 r n 5/ 7/29 25.2 35.1 8.23 8 102 610 50 : n 5/ 9/29 25.8 35.0 8.24 8 102 611 100 r n 5/ 9/29 25.6 35.0 8.23 8 102 612 5 p 5/ 9/29 25.8 35.0 8.24 8 103 616 50 r n 5/11/29 25.8 35.2 8.25 5 106 634 50 r n 5/17/29 27.0 35.0 8.23 5 107 639 0 r n 5/19/29 28.0 34.4 8.23 5 107 640 50 r n 5/19/29 27.9 34.4 8.23 4 107 642 0 5 p 5/19/29 28.0 34.4 8.23 5 107 645 50 r p 5/19/29 27.9 34.4 8.23 4 132 797 0 r n 9/ 8/29 21.0 33.9 8.34 15 132 801 0 r p 9/ 8/29 21.0 33.9 8.34 15 133 812 0 r p 9/10/29 22.7 34.7 8.47 7 138 847 r p 9/20/29 26.1 34.8 8.35 5 140 858 100 r n 10/ 3/29 25.5 35.0 8.34 1 141 868 0 r p 10/ 5/29 25.9 35.2 8.34 5 144 886 0 r n 10/11/29 23.3 35.0 8.37 6 147 907 0 r p 10/17/29 23.3 35.3 8.26 8 148 917 0 r p 10/19/29 23.4 35.2 waves foc 149 928 50 r p 10/21/29 23.3 35.0 8.37 6 157 978 0 r n, 11/ 6/29 27.1 35.3 8.27 47 158 983 0 r n 11/ 8/29 28.2 35.6 8.34 36 158 984 50 r n 11/ 8/29 28.2 35.6 8.39 50 158 985 100 r n 11/ 8/29 27.6 35.9 8.39 48 159 992 100 r n 11/11/29 28.0 35.7 8.37 23 Table 39. Distributional and environmental records for Ceratium paradoxides Cleve Depth Relative Appa- Temperature Salinity a “u 15 98 15 101 15 102 18 115 18 116 18 119 1S 124 20 127 20 130 20-21 131 1 137 22 140 22 143 22 144 23 149 25 158 25 161 25 162 26 164 28 177 35 204 42 242 43 245 43 249 44 251 44 255 45 257 45 258 46 263 47 268 50 286 5u 287 52 301 53 305 54 321 55 324 55 325 56 330 56 333 56-57 334 57 337 57 338 57 340 62 372 66 412 66 415 67 416 67 418 80 490 82 500 85 514 91 544 94 559 95 563 95 564 96 570 96 573 97 576 100 597 101 605 102 611 103 617 105 629 106 635 107 641 109 656 109 659 110 663 112 675 113 681 113 684 113 684 131 789 132 798 veda der ade Mies ESE hed AHORA HS AAR ARREARS fe) fo} ° a0 a tlie Ma lee snail dt ad ad ord oc daa tate eve eda Si Vee) dead ted ca Lia te la Wade Le Sele aia OSG Ma ie a ih} APPENDIX PSVUESSSVSSSSSSSSASVSSSSVUVVU SSUES SVU AS SUAS SSS SVU SASS SUSU SSP SFSU ASV SA SU SS ae eae aso 5/16/28 5/18/28 8/11/28 8/11/28 8/11/28 8/17/28 8/17/28 8/17/28 8/20/28 8/22/28 8/22/28 8/23/28 8/24/28 8/27/28 8/27/28 8/27/28 8/29/28 9/ 3/28 9/ 3/28 9/ 3/28 9/ 5/29 9/11/28 10/26/28 11/13/28 11/15/28 11/15/28 11/17/28 11/17/28 11/19/28 11/19/28 11/21/28 11/23/28 11/29/28 11/29/28 12/ 3/28 12/ 5/28 12/14/28 12/16/28 12/16/28 12/18/28 12/18/28 12/19/28 12/20/28 12/20/28 12/20/28 12/30/28 1/ 7/29 1/ 7/29 1/ 8/29 1/ 8/29 2/24/29 2/28/29 3/ 6/29 3/27/29 4/22/29 4/24/29 4/24/29 4/26/29 4/26/29 4/28/29 5/ 4/29 5/ 7/29 5/ 9/29 5/11/29 5/15/29 5/17/29 5/19/29 5/29/29 5/29/29 5/31/29 6/ 5/29 6/25/29 6/25/29 6/25/29 9/ 6/29 9/ 8/29 (22.2 20.5 19.8 19.8 CWONnNNNHEKHMNYNNNNN NHN NNNNHE HORE CNW SOMO WWWUIWONUOOD PH O09 OD Oe BO DD PO4 mg/m3 39) 58 © O “1 OO 0 OOD CO CO -_ _ OO OF Ot I FO OT 61 C1 61 CO CO hs ©: 115 Neen ee eee EEE 116 CERATIUM IN THE PACIFIC AND NORTH ATLANTIC OCEANS Table 39. Distributional and environmental records for Ceratium paradoxides Cleve--Concluded PO4 P Depth Relative Appa- Temperature | Salinity 132 799 100 r n 9/ 8/29 14.3 33.4 8.30 16 135 822 100 r n 9/14/29 18.7 34.8 8.34 5 136 834 100 r p 9/16/29 18.6 35.0 8.39 3 137 838 100 r n 9/18/29 21.5 35.1 8.30 5 137 841 50 r p 9/18/29 24.4 35.1 8.34 4 145 891 50 r n 10/13/29 18.7 34.3 8.34 6 146 898 100 r n 10/15/29 Ey 34.3 8.26 uf 147 905 100 T n 10/17/29 19.2 35.0 8.29 5 149 922 100 r n 10/21/29 20.3 34.9 8.38 6 151 939 100 r n 10/26/29 12.5 34:6" TEP... Dae 152 945 50 r n 10/27/29 14.2 34.5 7.87 53 152 949 50 r p 10/27/29 14.2 34.5 7.87 53 154 960 100 r n 10/31/29 25.3 34.8 7.93 21 157 980 100 r n 11/ 6/29 26.8 S020 8.30 64 158 985 100 oc n 11/ 8/29 27.6 35.9 8.39 48 Table 40. Distributional and environmental records for Ceratium platycorne Depth Relative Appa- Temperature | Salinity PO4 Stati Sampl i pe er eee i$ n 5/16/28 22.2 36.4 8.21 oy &b 46 x r n 6/ 2/28 12.4 35.6 8.15 21 14 91 100 r n 8/ 9/28 14.0 35.6 8.06 34 14 92 50 r p 8/ 9/28 15.0 35.1 8.18 16 14 95 50 oc n 8/ 9/28 15.0 35.1 8.18 16 15 102 100 r n 8/11/28 18.4 36.4 8.20 19 16 105 100 © p 8/13/28 19.9 36.5 8.17 13 16 108 100 oc n 8/13/28 19.9 36.5 8.17 13 17 113 100 r n 8/15/28 19.3 36.5 8.23 9 18 118 50 r n 8/17/28 22.4 36.8 8.24 5 19 124 100 r n 8/20/28 22.4 37.0 8.25 5 20 130 100 r n 8/22/28 22.6 36.7 8.19 5 22 144 100 oc n 8/27/28 17.5 36.1 7.99 123 23 150 100 r n 8/29/28 16.6 36.0 8.18 75 24 156 100 r n 8/31/28 15.6 35.6 7.96 99 25 158 50 r p 9/ 3/28 21.5 36.0 8.22 12 25 161 50 r n 9/ 3/28 21.5 36.0 8.22 12 27 171 50 r n 9/ 7/28 26.0 36.2 8.30 4 28 177 50 oc n 9/11/28 26.7 36.3 8.26 4 37 221 50 r p) —L1/ 1/28 18.8 34.5 8.00 121 41 239 100 r p 11/10/28 14.5 35.0 7.91 152 45 258 100 r n 11/19/28 18.6 35.1 8.00 50 46 263 100 r n 11/21/28 22.5 35.4 8.17 40 47 268 100 r n 11/23/28 22.7 36.2 8.23 20 65 407 100 oc n 1/ 5/29 14.8 34.3 8.10 34 65 410 100 oc p 1/ 5/29 14.8 34.3 8.10 34 67 418 100 r n 1/ 8/29 16.2 34.6 8:05 40 68 421 100 r n 1/10/29 16.5 34.8 8.13 34 93 553 100 5 p 3/31/29 27.6 35.8 8.27 29 101 605 100 re n 5/ 7/29 25.2 35.1 8.23 8 102 611 100 r n 5/ 9/29 25.6 35.0 8.23 8 103 620 100 r p 5/11/29 24.8 35.2 8.25 5 104 626 100 r p 5/13/29 25.3 35.3 8.21 7 106 635 100 r n 5/17/29 25.6 35.1 8.23 5 107 641 100 r n 5/19/29 26.8 34.9 8.23 11 107 644 100 r p 5/19/29 26.8 34.9 8.23 11 108 648 100 oc n 5/27/29 25.2 35.0 8.23 4 110 663 100 r n 5/31/29 17.9 34.7 8.14 11 110 666 100 re p 5/31/29 17.9 34.7 8.14 11 111 670 100 r n 6/ 3/29 18.2 34.7 8.13 13 113 681 50 re n 6/25/29 23.8 34.6 8.25 5 115 694 100 r n 6/29/29 15.6 34.6 8.08 27 115 698 100 r p 6/29/29 15.6 34.6 8.08 27 134 817 100 r p 9/12/29 18.1 34.6 8.34 6 135 826 100 z p 9/14/29 18.7 34.8 8.34 5 141 865 50 r n 10/ 5/29 24.8 35.3 8.34 5 142 874 100 r n 10/ 8/29 16.6 34.4 8.27 U 143 883 100 c n 10/ 9/29 13.8 34.1 8.30 10 145 892 100 r n 10/13/29 16.0 34.1 8.31 6 152 945 50 r n 10/27/29 14.2 34.5 7.87 53 152 949 50 r p 10/27/29 14.2 34.5 7.87 53 153 953 100 oc n 10/29/29 20.5 34.7 8.28 31 158 985 100 r n 11/ 8/29 27.6 35.9 8.39 48 a ee ee Eee ee ee EE ee ee EEE SS APPENDIX Table 41. Distributional and environmental records for Ceratium ranipes Cleve LUT a r n 5/12/28 1b 7 50 oc n 5/16/28 1b 8 100 oc n 5/16/28 3 20 () r n 5/21/28 15 98 50 r p 8/11/28 15 101 50 r n 8/11/28 15 102 100 r n 8/11/28 16* 104 50 r p 8/13/28 16 107 50 r n 8/13/28 16* 108 100 ©. n 8/13/28 18 119 100 2 n 8/17/28 19 123 50 r n 8/20/28 20 127 100 r p 8/22/28 20 130 100 oc n 8/22/28 21 137 100 r n 8/24/28 22 144 100 r n 8/27/28 23 145 0 r p 8/29/28 23 148 0 r n 8/29/28 23 149 50 oc n 8/29/28 24 152 50 r p 8/31/28 24 155 50 r n 8/31/28 25 157 0 r p 9/ 3/28 25 161 50 r n 9/ 3/28 27 172 100 oc n 9/ 7/28 28 174 50 r p 9/11/28 29 179 0 r p 9/13/28 30 186 50 r p 9/15/28 30 189 50 r n 9/15/28 31 191 0 oc n’ 10/ 3/28 32 194 0 r n 10/ 5/28 32 195 50 r n 10/ 5/28 32 196 100 oc n 10/ 5/28 33 198A 50 r p 10/ 8/28 40 232 0 r p 11/ 8/28 4la 240 0 r n 11/12/28 44 254 50 r Die /28 45 256 r n 11/19/28 45 258 100 r n 11/19/28 46 261 0 r n 11/21/28 46 262 50 r n 11/21/28 46 263 100 r n 11/21/28 46 264 0 r p 11/21/28 46 265 50 r p 11/21/28 47 267 50 r n 11/23/28 47 268 100 r n 11/23/28 48 273 100 n r 11/25/28 49 279 100 me n 11/27/28 49 282 100 r p 11/27/28 50 286 100 r n 11/29/28 50 289 100 r p 11/29/28 52 301 100 r n 12/ 3/28 54 321 100 r n 12/14/28 55 324 50 r n 12/16/28 56 330 100 r n 12/18/28 57 337 100 oc n 12/20/28 57 340 100 r p 12/20/28 62 372 50 r n 12/30/28 62 373 100 r n 12/30/28 62 375 50 r p 12/30/28 63 384 100 r p 1/ 1/29 64 396 100 r n 1/ 3/29 66 415 100 r p 1/ 7/29 74 459 0 r p 2/12/29 77 472 0 r n 2/18/29 tilt 473 0 r p 2/18/29 17 474 50 oc p 2/18/29 78 476 50 r n 2/20/29 81 491 0 r n 2/26/29 81 492 50 r n 2/26/29 82 497 50 r n 2/28/29 87 522 50 r n 3/11/29 93 551 50 r n 3/31/29 93 553 100 7 p 3/31/29 94 558 50 r n 4/22/29 94 559 100 r n 4/22/29 95 563 50 oc n 4/24/29 24.0 ee 2 20.3 15.5 19.8 19.8 18.4 24.4 24.4 19.9 20.4 25.2 22.6 22.6 21.0 17.5 27.2 27.2 20.9 23.1 23.1 27.5 21.5 17.7 26.7 27.6 27.8 27.8 28.5 28.0 27.2 22.2 28.2 22.2 (18.7 20.4 22.4 18.6 23.3 23.2 22.5 23.3 23.2 23.8 22.7 22.7 21.6 21.6 20.5 20.5 18.2 18.7 18.7 16.6 14.3 14.3 16.2 8.16 G2 > G9 Go Go Ge Go G0 Go GO Go G0 0 G9 Go Go go G0 G0 Go GD gO 0 G0 D9 Go gO gD GO G9 G9 Go gD GO Go Co NNN NWN NMR RRR HERR HOR ORR eR eH mM NUN NNN HE PE ATOMAHOOLODDAINODORCOOHMAR-INNAARWWAMDI _ — i] _ RPONNNMWOWWHLANUMO WAP oT Oo ro aA ee ee EE ee ee a SS SS eS eS SS eS 118 Table 41. Depth Relative Appa- Temperature Salinity 159 160 160 CERATIUM IN THE PACIFIC AND NORTH ATLANTIC OCEANS 564 100 566 50 568 0 569 50 570 100 571 0 572 50 574 0 575 50 576 100 581 0 582 50 583 100 585 50 588 0-100 589 591 100 592 0 593 50 595 0 596 50 597 100 598 0 599 50 603 0 605 100 616 50 641 100 647 50 648 100 656 100 659 100 675 50 676 100 681 50 685 100 798 50 806 100 810 100 822 100 838 100 845 100 891 50 892 100 922 100 931 100 936 100 937 0 938 50 948 0 952 50 953 100 955 0 956 50 958 0 959 50 965 0 966 50 967 100 972 0 973 50 978 0 979 50 980 100 983 984 50 985 100 990 0 991 50 1000 0 1002 50 *Only four fingers. HAOOCORNOONM Qaa0 a0 ic) fo) a Gb) Cob tes Pape GE) Teh eh aide sda Maia Medea les Baia Wc Bicdia iis Mahl Moin Moises Ms Ms Mahe) ° ° nO ° SPP SPS SFP SPSS SSS SSS SUDUAS UA BUA SSSA SSSA DOHA ASUS SSA SSSUU AAS UU ABU UB SAAS SaVeUA ASS 4/24/29 4/24/29 4/26/29 4/26/29 4/26/29 4/26/29 4/26/29 4/28/29 4/28/29 11/13/29 G2 > G0 Go go gO Go Go gD gO Go Go Go gO 0 G9 Go gO G0 Go gD go Wt WW WW WW WOON h OOO DD tO OTWOIOORPONM-IA1IR COW OWO-1000UI Distributional and environmental records for Ceratium ranipes Cleve--Concluded PO4 mg/m? _ De OO OD COON -3 0 COON TO > Re OO 0 et APPENDIX 119 Table 42. Distributional and environmental records for Ceratium macroceros Depth Relative Appa- Temperature | Salinity PO4 Sub- Sample Dat 3 abundance | ratus sai (°C) (0/oo) mg/m3 | species 0 oc 34 1 1 n 5/12/28 24.0 36.2 8.16 gal la 4 0 r n 5/14/28 22.3 36.3 8.20 46 gal la 5 0 oc n 5/14/28 22.3 36.3 8.20 46 gal 1b 6 0 oc n 5/16/28 22.3 36.3 8.20 46 gal 1b 7 50 oc n 5/16/28 22.2 36.4 8.21 39 gal 2 12 50 oc n 5/18/28 20.5 36.4 8.21 46 gal 2 13 100 oc n 5/18/28 19.8 36.4 8.21 33 gal 2 14 0 c n 5/18/28 20.5 36.4 8.23 58 gal 2 15 0 r n 5/18/28 20.5 36.4 8.23 58 gal 3 17 0 c n 5/21/28 15.5 36.1 8.15 99 mac 3 18 50 oc n 5/21/28 15.0 36.0 8.19 30 mac 3 20 0 oc n 5/21/28 15.5 36.1 8.15 99 mac 5a 33 0 r n 5/30/28 (12.4 35.6 8.15 21) mac 6 36 50 9 n 5/31/28 11.6 35.6 8.12 32 mac 6 37 100 r n 5/31/28 123 35.6 8.08 41 mac 6b 43 0 r n 6/ 2/28 12.4 35.6 8.15 21 mac 6b 44 0 rr n 6/ 2/28 12.4 35.6 8.15 21 mac 6b 45 0 oc n 6/ 2/28 12.4 35.6 8.15 21 mac 6b 46 0 oc n 6/ 2/28 12.4 35.6 8.15 21 mac 6c 47 100 r n 6/ 2/28 11.3 35.6 8.08 41 mac 6f 53 oc n T/ 9/28 10.6 35.4 8.11 28 mac 6g 54 0 oc n 7/10/28 10.6 35.4 8.11 28 mac 6h 55 0 a n 7/11/28 10.6 35.4 8.11 28 mac 7 56 0 r n 17/13/28 8.9 35.2 8.08 34 mac 7 57 50 oc n 7/13/28 8.2 Shy 8.03 47 mac 7 58 100 r n 7/13/28 8.1 35.2 8.04 57 mac 8 59 0 oc n 7/15/28 10.3 Sore 7.93 13 mac 8 61 100 i: n 7/15/28 8.4 35.3 7.95 54 mac 9 64 0 c n 7/28/28 11.2 35.1 8.08 20 mac 9 65 50 oc n 7/28/28 8.4 35.1 7.96 55 mac 9 66 100 r n 7/28/28 7.6 35.1 7.98 56 mac 10 68 0 oc n 7/30/28 10.9 34.9 8.08 28 mac 11 74 50 oc n 8/ 1/28 7.3 34.9 7.92 63 mac 11 15 0 oc Pp 8/ 1/28 10.7 34.9 8.06 27 mac lla 78 0 oc n 8/ 2/28 (10.7 34.9 8.06 27) mac 12 80 50 r p 8/ 5/28 3.9 34.7 7.91 95 mac 12 82 0 r p 8/ 5/28 8.4 33.6 8.10 27 mac 13 85 50 r n 8/ 7/28 -1.6 33.4 7.87 59 gal 13a 88 0 r n 8/ 8/28 alse 35.2 8.18 11 mac 13a 89 re n 8/ 8/28 11.3 32.7 8.09 19 gal 14 91 100 r p 8/ 9/28 14.0 35.6 8.06 34 mac 14 93 oc p 8/ 9/28 21.2 35.2 8.18 11 mac 14 94 100 oc n 8/ 9/28 14.0 35.6 8.06 34 mac 15 97 0 r p 8/11/28 24.8 36.4 8.21 11 mac 15 98 50 r p 8/11/28 19.8 36.5 8.21 8 mac 15 99 100 oc p 8/11/28 18.4 36.4 8.20 19 mac 15 100 0 r n 8/11/28 24.8 36.4 8.21 11 mac 15 101 50 oc n 8/11/28 19.8 36.5 8.21 8 mac 15 102 100 r n 8/11/28 18.4 36.4 8.20 19 mac 16 103 0 r Pp 8/13/28 25.9 36.2 8.24 8 gal 16 104 50 r p 8/13/28 24.4 36.4 8.23 8 gal 16 106 0 r n 8/13/28 25.9 36.2 8.24 8 mac 16 107 50 r n 8/13/28 24.4 36.4 8.23 8 mac 17 109 0 oc p 8/15/28 26.2 36.6 8.29 9 gal 17 110 50 r p 8/15/28 21.9 36.6 8.28 12 gal 17 111 0 r n 8/15/28 26.2 36.6 8.29 9 gal 17 112 50 oc n 8/15/28 21.9 36.6 8.28 12 gal 17 113 100 oc n 8/15/28 19.3 36.5 8.23 9 gal 18 114 0 oc p 8/17/28 27.0 37.0 8.23 5 gal 18 115 50 c p 8/17/28 22.4 36.8 8.24 5 gal 18 116 100 r p 8/17/28 20.4 36.8 8.21 5 gal 18 117 0 c n 8/17/28 27.0 37.0 8.23 5 gal 18 118 50 c n 8/17/28 22.4 36.8 8.24 5 gal 18 119 100 oc n 8/17/28 20.4 36.8 8.21 5 gal] 19 120 0 oc p 8/20/28 26.6 37.0 8.34 5 gal 19 121 50 oc p 8/20/28 25.2 37.1 8.27 5 gal 19 123 50 oc n 8/20/28 25.2 37.1 8.27 5 gal 19 124 100 oc n 8/20/28 22.4 37.0 8.25 5 gal 20 127 100 r p 8/22/28 22.6 36.7 8.19 5 gal 20 128 0 oc n 8/22/28 26.0 36.6 8.37 5 gal 20 130 100 oc n 8/22/28 22.6 36.7 8.19 5 gal 20-21 131 0 r n 8/23/28 (26.6 36.3 8.32 4) gal 22 139 0 r p 8/27/28 26.7 36.0 8.26 8 gal 22 143 50 r n 8/27/28 24.5 36.2 8.21 9 gal 22 144 100 re n 8/27/28 17.5 36.1 7.99 123 gal 23 145 0 r p 8/29/28 27.2 35.9 8.25 4 gal 120 CERATIUM IN THE PACIFIC AND NORTH ATLANTIC OCEANS Table 42. Distributional and environmental records for Ceratium macroceros--Continued Sub- : Depth Relative Appa- Temperature Salinity yan Station Sample D 23 149 r n 8/29/28 20.9 36.0 8.14 gal 23 150 100 r n 8/29/28 16.6 36.0 8.18 13 gal 24 155 50 r n 8/31/28 23.1 36.0 8.14 8 gal 25 161 50 ar n 9/ 3/28 21.5 36.0 8.22 12 gal 25 162 100 r n 9/ 3/28 14.6 35.7 7.93 121 gal 26 163 0 re p 9/ 5/28 27.6 36.0 8.30 5 gal 26 166 0 r n 9/ 5/28 27.6 36.0 8.30 5 gal 27 170 0 r n 9/ 1/28 27.5 36.3 8.31 4 gal 28 178 100 r n 9/11/28 22.8 36.6 8.22 7 gal 28 182 r n 9/13/28 27.6 36.2 8.31 3 gal 29 183 50 r n 9/13/28 27.2 36.2 8.31 3 gal 30 188 0 r n 9/15/28 28.0 36.1 8.30 2 gal 30 189 50 r n 9/15/28 27.8 36.1 8.29 3 gal 30 190 100 r n 9/15/28 24.1 36.4 8.10 20 gal 31 192 50 r n 10/ 3/28 28.2 35.4 8.23 2 gal 32 194 0 oc n 10/ 5/28 28.0 36.0 8.23 2 gal 33 197A 0 r p 10/ 8/28 28.5 35.6 8.23 4 gal 33 198 50 oc n 10/ 8/28 28.2 36.2 8.24 4 gal 33 198A 50 r p 10/ 8/28 28.2 36.2 8.24 4 gal 34 200A 0 r p 10/ 9/28 28.5 35.9 8.28 2 gal 34 201 100 oc n 10/ 3/28 20.5 36.6 8.16 16 gal 34 202 50 oc n 10/ 9/28 25.0 36.5 8.21 3 gal 37 218 50 r n 11/ 1/28 18.8 34.5 8.00 121 gal 37 220 0 r p 11/ 1/28 27.1 31.7 8.28 15 gal 40 232 0 Fe p 11/ 8/28 22.2 33.7 8.21 24 gal 42 241 0 r n 11/13/28 18.7 34.7 8.06 45 gal 43 246 100 7 n 11/15/28 13.6 35.0 7.90 92 gal 44 250 0 r n 11/17/28 20.7 34.9 8.03 38 gal 45 257 50 oc n 11/19/28 22.4 35.2 8.13 46 gal 45 258 100 r n 11/19/28 18.6 35.1 8.00 50 gal 45 260 50-0 r p 11/19/28 22.4 35.2 8.13 46. gal 46 262 50 oc n 11/21/28 23.2 35.3 8.16 40 gal 46 263 100 oc n 11/21/28 22.5 35.4 8.17 40 gal 46 264 0 oc p 11/21/28 23.3 35.3 8.16 36 gal 46 265 50 ie p 11/21/28 23.2 35.3 8.16 40 gal 47 266 0 r n 11/23/28 23.9 36.0 8.23 17 gal 47 267 50 oc n 11/23/28 23.8 36.0 8.23 20 gal 47 268 100 oc n 11/23/28 22.7 36.2 8.23 20 gal 47 269 0 oc p 11/23/28 23.9 36.0 8.23 lly? gal 47 270 50 r p 11/23/28 23.8 36.0 8.23 20 gal 48 271 0 oc n 11/25/28 23.6 36.4 8.23 13 gal 48 272 50 r n 11/25/28 23.6 36.4 8.24 16 gal 48 273 100 oc n 11/25/28 22.7 36.3 8.26 16 gal 48 274 0 oc p 11/25/28 23.6 36.4 8.23 13 gal 48 275 50 r p 11/25/28 23.6 36.4 8.24 16 gal 48 276 100 oc p 11/25/28 22.7 36.3 8.26 16 gal 49 278 50 r n 11/27/28 22.6 36.1 8.26 13 gal 49 279 100 r n 11/27/28 21.6 35.9 8.26 13 gal 49 281 50 oc p 11/27/28 22.6 36.1 8.26 13 gal 49 282 100 re p 11/27/28 21.6 35.9 8.26 13 al 49a 283 oc n 11/28/28 (23.2 36.0 8.23 13) gal 50 285 50 oc n 11/29/28 22.0 35.9 8.23 13 gal 50 286 100 oc n 11/29/28 20.5 35.7 8.22 13 gal 50 288 50 oc p 11/29/28 22.0 35.9 8.23 13 gal 51 294 50 oc n 12/ 1/28 20.5 35.6 8.22 17 gal 51 295 100 oc n 12/ 1/28 20.0 35.6 8.22 17 gal 51 297 50 r p 12/ 1/28 20.5 35.6 8.22 17 gal 51 298 100 oc p 12/ 1/28 20.0 35.6 8.22 ye gal 52 300 50 oc n 12/ 3/28 20.2 35.6 8.20 8 gal 52 301 100 oc n 12/ 3/28 18.2 35.2 8.17 8 gal 53 304 50 oc n 12/ 5/28 21.2 35.8 8.20 13 gal 53 305 100 oc n 12/ 5/28 19.9 35.6 8.19 13 gal 53 306 0 r p 12/ 5/28 22.6 35.7 8.22 13 gal 53-54 308 0 oc n 12/ 6/28 23.0 35.6 8.22 11 gal 53-54 311 0 r n 12/10/28 23.0 35.6 8.22 11 gal 53-54 316 0 ve n 12/12/28 23.0 35.6 8.22 11 gal 54 320 50 oc n 12/14/28 19.8 35.4 8.18 17 gal 54 321 100 oc n 12/14/28 18.7 35.4 8.16 20 gal 55 324 50 oc n 12/16/28 18.7 35.0 8.18 12 gal 55 325 100 oc n 12/16/28 16.7 34.9 7.17 12 gal 55 327 50 r p 12/16/28 18.7 35.0 8.18 12 gal 56 328 0 c n 12/18/28 20.8 34.9 8.13 ) gal 56 329 50 oc n 12/18/28 18.5 35.1 8.14 9 gal 56 330 100 c n 12/18/28 16.6 34.8 8.11 12 gal 56 332 50 oc p 12/18/28 18.5 35.1 8.14 9 gal 56 333 100 r p 12/18/28 16.6 34.8 8.11 12 gal APPENDIX 121 Table 42. Distributional and environmental records for Ceratium macroceros--Continued 56-57 334 n 12/19/28 (19.0 34.5 8.14 20) gal 57 335 0 be n 12/20/28 19.0 3455 5, 08.14) 820 gal 57 336 50 oc n 12/20/28 15.6 4.309 UBAe 92 gal 57 337 100 oc n 12/20/28 14.3 34.4 8.10 40 gal 57 338 0 r p 12/20/28 19.0 34.5 8.14 20 gal 57 339 50 oc p 12/20/28 15.6 453° ena | ja gal 57 340 100 r p 12/20/28 14.3 34.4 8.10 40 gal 58 341 0 r n 12/22/28 17.0 34.0% teul2), < 920 gal 60 355 50 oc n 12/26/28 13.4 34.0 8.06 54 gal 60 356 100 oc n 12/26/28 10.6 34:0. 78)03 62 gal 60 358 50 r p 12/26/28 13.4 34.0 8.06 54 gal 0 359 0 r p 12/26/28 15.0 34.0 8.07 50 gal 60-61 360 0 oc n 12/26/28 (15.0 34.0 8.07 50) gal 61 363 0 c n 12/28/28 16.9 34.0 8.05 46 gal 61 364 50 c n 12/28/28 14.0 34.0 8.05 60 gal 61 365 100 oc n. 12/28/28 10.8 34/0\, «B08. * 480 gal 61 366 0 c p 12/28/28 16.9 34.0 8.05 46 gal 61 367. 50 oc p 12/28/28 14.0 34.0 8.05 60 gal 61-62 369 0 oc n 12/28/28 16.9 34.0 8.05 46 gal 61-62 370 0 oc n 12/29/28 16.9 34.0 8.05 46 gal 62 371 0 oc n 12/30/28 19.2 SE26. s89 | 488 gal 62 372 50 oc n 12/30/28 16.2 34.3 8.10 28 gal 62 373 100 oc n 12/30/28 13.1 34.2 8.06 48 gal 62 374 0 oc p 12/30/28 19.2 His p42) 7032 gal 62 375 50 r p 12/30/28 16.2 S235 -.4Bs10 28 gal 2 376 100 r p 12/30/28 13.1 34.2 8.06 48 gal 62-63 377 0 r n 12/31/28 (20.5 34.6 8.07 21) gal 63 379 0 oc n 1/ 1/29 20.5 S46 00s 12h gal 63 380 50 oc n 1/ 1/29 17.0 34.6 8.08 25 gal 63 383 50 r Bp 1/1/29 17.0 34.6 8.08 25 gal 63-64 385 0 r n 1/ 1/29 ee 34.6 8.07 21) gal 63-64 387 0 r mw) 1/52/29 20.5 34.6 8.07 21 gal 64 395 50 r mn 71/:3/29 17.2 S418. 842° 529 gal 64 396 100 r n 1/ 3/29 15.8 34.6 =: 840-° 32 gal 64 398 0 r p _1/ 3/29 20.6 346° 418512). i gal 64-65 402 0 r n1/ 4/29 ae 34.6 8.12 23) gal 64-65 404 0 r ‘n= -1/ 4729 20.6 Sieh (BZ. BN gal 65 405 0 r n 1/ 5/29 20.2 $4:5\..<840.. | 24 gal. 65 406 50 r n 1/ 5/29 16.5 34:50 80. 25 gal® 65 408 0 r p1/ 5/29 20.2 34.5 8.10 24 gal 65 409 50 r p _1/ 5/29 16.5 34.5 8.10 25 gal 66 411 0 r n 1/ 7/29 19.4 34.7 8.10 29 gal 66 413 0 r p 1 7/29 19.4 34.7 8.10 29 gal 66 414 50 r p 1/ 7/29 17.8 34°83). iso" j29 gal 66 415 100 r p1/ 7/29 17.8 $40)! ciesta + Wea gal 67 416 0 c n1/ 8/29 19.3 S49) § Bare 24 gal 76 471 50 r p 2/16/29 22.1 35.9 8.14 42 gal 17 474 50 r p _-2/18/29 23.5 36.0 8.19 16 gal 78 475 0 oc n 2/20/29 24.6 36.0 8.17 | 32 gal 78 476 50 oc n 2/20/28 23.8 S61. 644) 92 gal 78 477 100 oc n 2/20/28 21.9 36.2 8.14 34 gal 78 478 r p 2/20/28 24.6 S60 OAT Se gal 78 479 50 oc p 2/20/29 23.8 Soi) Satan At 82 gal 78 480 100 r p 2/20/29 21.9 36.2 8.14 34 gal 79 481 0 oc n 2/22/29 25.2 S6i0m ibalitin asd gal 79 482 50 r n 2/22/29 24.5 361-847 ° Ba gal 79 483 100 oc n 2/22/29 21.8 362.5015 0) 26 gal 79 484 r p 2/22/29 25.2 $6.0): 64%. 34 gal 80 486 0 oc n 2/24/29 26.0 35.9 8.20 36 gal 80 487 50 r n 2/24/29 25.9 36.0 8.19 29 gal 80 488 0 oc p 2/24/29 26.0 35.9 8.20 36 gal 80 489 50 r p 2/24/29 25.9 36.0 8.19 29 gal 80 490 100 r p 2/24/29 23.4 36.2 646 32 gal 81 491 0 c n 2/26/29 26.5 $5.8: i619 (38 gal 81 492 50 oc n 2/26/29 26.4 35.9 8.19 38 gal 81 493 0 oc p 2/26/29 26.5 shige aoe ivah gal 81 494 50 oc p 2/26/29 26.4 35.9 8.19 38 gal 81 495 100 r p 2/26/29 23.6 36.2 8:18 36 gal 82 496 0 oc n 2/28/29 27.2 36:5 6.21 (34 gal 82 497 50 r n 2/28/29 27.2 $6.9, ~ 82% 7) 34 aal 82 498 0 oc p 2/28/29 27.2 $6535. 6:2l, Be gal 82 500 100 r p 2/28/29 24.4 36.5 8.19 34 gal 83 501 0 c n 3/ 2/29 27.5 $6.3. Gas” “2D gal 83 502 50 c n 3/ 2/29 27.4 36:8). “eigaue- = 25 gal 83 503 0 r p 8 2/29 27.5 shar Gea | te gal 83 504 50 oc p 3/ 2/29 27.4 S65). Bass. 25 gal 122 CERATIUM IN THE PACIFIC AND NORTH ATLANTIC OCEANS Table 42. Distributional and environmental records for Ceratium macroceros--Continued 84 505 n / 4/29 27.8 36.2 8.23 24 gal 84 506 50 i, n 3, 4/29 27.5 36.4 8.21 24 gal 84 507 0 r p 3/ 4/29 27.8 36.2 8.23 24 gal 84 508 50 oc p 3/ 4/29 27.5 36.4 8.21 24 gal 85 510 0 oc n 3/ 6/29 27.9 36.2 8.22 40 gal 85 511 50 oc n 3/ 6/29 27.8 36.2 8.22 40 gal 85 512 0 r p __-3/ 6/29 27.9 36.2 8.22 40 gal 85 513 50 oc p 3/ 6/29 27.8 36.2 8.22 40 gal 86 516 ty) oc n 3/ 9729 28.3 36.2 8.29 20 gal 86 519 50 r p 3/ 9729 27.4 36.2 8.29 17 gal 87 521 0 r n 3/11/29 27.8 36.1 8.28 17 gal 87 522 50 oc n 3/11/29 26.5 36.1 8.26 20 gal 87 524 50 r p 3/11/29 26.5 36.1 8.26 20 gal 87 525 100 r p ‘3/11/29 23.9 36.0 8.23 20 gal 88 526 0 oc n 3/21/29 28.5 35.9 8.23 16 gal 88 527 50 oc n 3/21/29 28.4 35.9 8.25 13 gal 89 528 ) oc n 3/23/29 28.4 35.6 8.25 21 gal 89 529 50 c n 3/23/29 28.6 35.8 8.27 12 gal 89 530 0 oc p 3/23/29 28.4 35.6 8.25 21 gal 90 533 0 oc n 3/25/29 28.5 35.5 8.27 21 gal 90 534 50 oc n 3/25/29 28.6 35.6 8.26 21 gal 90 535 0 r p 3/25/29 28.5 35.5 8.27 21 gal 90 536 50 r p 3/25/29 28.6 35.6 8.26 21 gal 91 540 0 r n 3/27/29 28.7 35.1 8.30 21 gal 91 541 50 c n 3/27/29 28.5 35.2 8.30 24 gal 91 543 50 r p 3/27/29 28.5 35.2 8.30 24 gal 91 544 100 oc p 3/27/29 25.8 36.0 8.25 30 gal 92 545 i) oc n 3/29/29 28.5 35.3 8.29 28 gal 92 546 50 c n 3/29/29 28.4 35.4 8.29 28 gal 92 547 ty) r p 3/29/29 28.5 35.3 8.29 28 gal 92 549 100 r p 3/29/29 26.2 36.0 8.28 28 gal 93 551 50 oc n 3/31/29 28.5 34.8 8.30 28 gal 93 552 0 r p 3/31/29 28.7 34.7 8.30 28 gal 93 553 100 r p 3/31/29 27.6 35.8 8.27 29 gal 94 558 50 r n 4/22/29 29.3 34.7 8.25 14 gal 94 559 100 oc n 4/22/29 28.5 35.6 8.21 25 gal 94 561 50 r p 4/22/29 29.3 34.7 8.25 14 gal 95 563 50 oc n 4/24/29 29.3 34.9 8.24 16 gal "95 564 100 oc n 4/24/29 28.5 35.4 8.22 21 gal 95 566 50 r p 4/24/29 29.3 34.9 8.24 16 gal 96 568 . 0 r n 4/26/29 29.3 35.3 8.23 12 gal 95 568A ) r n 4/25/29 (29.4 34.7 8.26 14) gal 96 569 50 r n 4/26/29 29.2 35.3 8.23 12 gal 96 570 100 oc n 4/26/29 28.2 35.7 8.19 25 gal 96 572 50 r p 4/26/29 29.2 35.3 8.23 12 gal 97 575 50 oc n 4/28/29 28.0 35.4 8.16 21 gal 97 576 100 r n 4/28/29 27.6 35.6 8.15 25 gal 97 578 50 r p 4/28/29 28.0 35.4 8.16 21 gal 98 582 50 oc n 4/30/29 26.9 35.3 8.16 28 gal 98 583 100 r n 4/30/29 26.7 35.4 8.14 32 gal 98 585 50 r p 4/30/29 26.9 35.3 8.16 28 gal 99 589 0 r n 5/ 2729 27.9 34.9 8.21 12 gal 99 590 50 c n 5/ 2729 27.8 34.9 8.22 12 gal 99 591 100 c n 5/ 2/29 27.8 35.0 8.22 17 gal 99 592 0 r p 5/ 2/29 27.9 34.9 8.21 12 gal 99 595 0 oc n 5/ 2729 27.9 34.9 8.21 12 gal 100 596 50 oc n 5/ 4/29 27.6 34.7 8.21 10 gal 100 597 100 r n 5/ 4/29 27.6 34.7 8.22 12 gal 100 598 oc p 5/ 4/29 aT 34.7 8.21 10 gal 100 599 50 r p 5/ 4/29 27.6 34.7 8.21 10 gal 100 602 100 r p 5/ 4/29 27.6 34.7 8.22 12 gal 101 603 0 c n 5/ 7/29 26.3 34.7 8.24 8 gal 101 604 50 c n 5/ 7/29 26.2 34.7 8.24 8 gal 101 605 100 oc n 5/ 7/29 25.2 35.1 8.23 8 gal 101 606 i) r p 5/ 7/29 26.3 34.7 8.24 8 gal 101 607 50 oc p 5/ 7/29 26.2 34.7 8.24 8 gal 101 608 100 r p 5/ 7/29 25.2 35.1 8.23 8 gal 102 609 0 c n 5/ 9/29 25.8 35.0 8.24 8 gal 102 610 50 oc n 5/ 9/29 25.8 35.0 8.24 8 gal 102 611 100 oc n 5/ 9/29 25.6 35.0 8.23 8 gal 102 612 0 oc p _5/ 9/29 25.8 35.0 8.24 8 gal 102 613 50 oc p 5/ 9/29 25.8 35.0 8.24 8 gal 102 614 100 oc p 5/ 9/29 25.6 35.0 8.23 8 gal 103 615 0 oc n 5/11/29 26.0 35.0 8.25 5 gal 103 616 50 c n 5/11/29 25.8 35.2 8.25 5 - gal 103 617 100 c n 5/11/29 24.8 35.2 8.25 5 gal APPENDIX 123 Table 42. Distributional and environmental records for Ceratium macroceros--Continued Depth Relative Appa- Temperature | Salinity PO4 0 oc Sub- species 103 618 p ‘5/11/29 26.0 35.0 8.25 5 gal 103 619 50 r p 5/11/29 25.8 35.2 8.25 5 gal 104 621 0 oc n 5/13/29 26.1 35.2 8.24 7 gal 104 622 50 c n 5/13/29 25.8 35.2 8.24 7 gal 104 623 100 c n 5/13/29 25.3 $5.8 0.8.21 7 gal 104 624 0 r p 5/13/29 26.1 35.2 8.24 7 gal 104 625 50 oc p 5/13/29 25.8 35.2 8.24 7 gal 104 626 100 r p 5/13/29 25.3 35:3 @s/30 7 gal 105 627 50 oc n 5/15/29 26.8 34.9 8.23 5 gal 105 628 50 c n 5/15/29 26.8 34.9 8.23 5 gal 105 629 100 oc n 5/15/29 25.2 35.1 8.23 5 gal 105 630 0 r p 5/15/29 26.9 34.9 8.23 5 gal 105 631 50 r p ‘5/15/29 26.8 34.9 8.23 5 gal 106 633 0 c n 5/17/29 27.2 35.0 8.23 5 gal 106 634 50 c n 5/17/29 27.0 35.0 8.23 5 gal 106 635 100 c n 5/17/29 25.6 35.1 8.23 5 gal 106 636 0 r p 5/17/29 27.2 85:0 982s 5 gal 106 637 50 r p ‘5/17/29 27.0 35.0 8.23 5 gal 106 638 100 r p 5/17/29 25.6 35:1 8:23 5 gal 107 639 c n 5/19/29 28.0 34.4 8.23 5 gal 107 640 50 c n 5/19/29 27.9 34.4 8.23 4 gal 107 641 100 oc n 5/19/29 26.8 34.9 8.23 11 gal 107 642 0 oc p 5/19/29 28.0 34.4 8.23 5 gal 107 643 50 r p ‘5/19/29 27.9 34.4 8.23 4 gal 107 644 100 r p 5/19/29 26.8 S49 8:23 ga gal 108 647 50 c n 5/27/29 26.8 35.0 8.24 4 gal 108 648 100 c n 5/27/29 25.2 35.0 8.23 4 gal 108 649 0 r p 5/27/29 28.4 35.0 8.25 4 gal 108 650 50 r p 5/27/29 26.8 35.0 8.24 4 gal 109 655 50 r n 5/29/29 23.1 35.0 8.22 3 gal 109 656 100 oc n 5/29/29 19.4 34.8 8.18 5 gal 109 658 50 r p 5/29/29 23.1 35.0 8.22 3 gal 109 659 100 r p 5/29/29 19.4 34.8 8.18 5 gal 110 662 50 r n 5/31/29 18.4 34.8 8.16 7 gal 111 668 0 oc n 6/ 3/29 20.1 34.5 8.18 5 gal 111 670 100 oc n 6/ 3/29 18.2 S47 o6.13 £18 gal 111 671 0 r p 6/ 3/29 20.1 34.5 8.18 5 gal 112 674 0 oc n 6/ 5/29 23.2 34.6 8.22 7 gal 112 675 50 oc n 6/ 5/29 21.7 34.6 8.23 7 gal 112 676 100 r n 6/ 5/29 19.8 34.7 8.20 8 gal 112 677 0 r p 6/ 5/29 23.2 34.6 8.22 7 gal 112 678 50 r p 6/5/29 21.7 34.6 8.23 7 gal 113 680 0 oc n 6/25/29 24.2 34.5 8.25 5 gal 113 681 50 oc n 6/25/29 23.8 34.6 8.25 5 gal 113 682 100 r n 6/25/29 21.5 S472" G828 8 gal 113 683 0 oc p 6/25/29 24.2 34.5 8.25 5 gal 113 684 50 oc p 6/25/29 23.8 34.6 8.25 5 gal 114 687 50 r n 6/27/29 16.2 34.6 8.04 63 gal 128 773 0 r n 1/25/29 16.4 33.0 4Bl12 20 gal 128 7174 50 r n 7/25/29 11.8 S31. 8.11 $20 gal 128 776 0 r p 7/25/29 16.4 $3.0. BBi42 520 gal 128 779 0 c n 1/25/29 16.4 33/0 53.12" 412b gal 129 780 0 c n 7/27/29 16.3 33.1. 38:13 25 gal 130 781 0 oc n 9/ 4/29 16.2 S3:40 G8.84 4868 gal 130 784 0 oc p 9/ 4/29 16.2 33.4 8.34 36 gal 130 785 50 r p 9/ 4/29 11.7 89:4 38.26 “ Go G0 G9 GO gO Go G9 Go G> gO G9 G9 Go Go Ge GO C9 G9 Go go Lael NON WONNNYNYNNNYNNNYNNNNNYNHNNOOEHE PO4 mg/m3 OOOO CNN OOO EN CO 9 CO OO OOO 126 CERATIUM IN THE PACIFIC AND NORTH ATLANTIC OCEANS Table 43. Distributional and environmental records for Ceratium massiliense--Continued Depth Relative Appa- Temperature Salinity PO4 20-21 131 n 8/23/28 (26.3 36.4 8.35 45) 21 132 0 : Pp 8/24/28 26.6 36.3 8.32 4 21 134 100 oc p 8/24/28 21.0 36.8 8.20 it 21 135 0 oc n 8/24/28 26.6 36.3 8.32 4 21 136 50 r n 8/24/28 24.4 36.2 8.26 4 21 137 100 c n 8/24/28 21.0 36.8 8.20 7 22 139 0 c p 8/27/28 26.7 36.0 8.26 8 22 140 50 r p 8/27/28 24.5 36.2 8.21 9 22 142 0 oc n 8/27/28 26.7 36.0 8.26 8 22 143 50 oc n 8/27/28 24.5 36.2 8.21 9 22 144 100 re n 8/27/28 17.5 36.1 7.99 123 23 145 0 oc p 8/29/28 27.2 35.9 8.25 4 23 148 0 oc n 8/29/28 27.2 35.9 8.25 4 23 149 50 oc n 8/29/28 20.9 36.0 8.14 13 24 151 0 oc p 8/31/28 27.2 35.2 8.32 4 24 152 50 r p 8/31/28 23.1 36.0 8.14 8 24 153 100 Te p 8/31/28 15.6 35.6 7.96 99 24 154 0 c n 8/31/28 27.2 35.2 8.32 4 24 155 50 oc n 8/31/28 23.1 36.0 8.14 8 24 156 100 r n 8/31/28 15.6 35.6 7.96 99 25 157 0 c p 9/ 3/28 27.5 35.6 8.31 5 25 160 0 c n 9/ 3/28 27.5 35.6 8.31 5 25 161 50 oc n 9/ 3/28 21.5 36.0 8.22 12 25 162 100 r n 9/ 3/28 14.6 35.7 7.93 121 26 163 0 = p 9/ 5/28 27.6 36.0 8.30 5 26 166 0 r n 9/ 5/28 27.6 36.0 8.30 5 27 170 0 r n 9/ 7/28 27.5 - 36.3 8.31 4 27 171 50 oc n 9/ 7/28 26.0 36.2 8.30 4 28 174 50 r p 9/11/28 26.7 36.3 8.26 4 28 176 0 oc n 9/11/28 27.6 36.3 8.29 4 28 178 100 r n 9/11/28 22.8 36.6 8.22 7 29 179 0 re p 9/13/28 27.6 36.2 8.31 3 29 182 0 r n 9/13/28 27.6 36.2 8.31 3 29 183 50 r n 9/13/28 27.2 36.2 8.29 3 29 184 100 r n 9/13/28 23.1 36.6 eral 8 30 186 50 r p 9/15/28 27.8 36.1 8.29 3 30 188 0 oc n 9/15/28 28.0 36.1 8.30 2 30 189 50 c n 9/15/28 27.8 36.1 8.29 3 30 190 100 oc n 9/15/28 24.1 36.4 8.10 20 31 191 0 c n 10/ 3/28 28.5 34.4 8.27 2 31 192 50 oc n 10/ 3/28 28.2 35.4 8.23 2 31 193 100 c n 10/ 3/28 23.4 36.5 8.19 28 32 194 c n 10/ 5/28 28.0 36.0 8.23 2 32 194A 0 oc p 10/ 5/28 28.0 36.0 8.23 2 32 195 50 oc n 10/ 5/28 27.2 36.0 8.24 2 32 196 100 oc n 10/ 5/28 22.2 36.4 8.10 30 33 198 50 oc n 10/ 8/28 28.2 36.2 8.24 4 34 200 0 oc n 10/ 9/28 28.5 35.9 8.28 2 34 200A 0 r p 10/ 9/28 28.5 35.9 8.28 2 34 201 100 oc n 10/ 9/28 20.5 36.6 8.16 16 34 202 50 ie n 10/ 9/28 25.0 36.5 8.21 3 35 203 0 r n 10/26/28 27.4 29.7 8.31 15 35 204 50 oc n 10/26/28 16.8 34.7 7.92 138 35a 208 0 r n 10/26/28 27.4 29.7 8.31 15 35-36 209 0 oc n 10/26/28 27.4 29.7 8.31 15 35-36 212 0 c n 10/28/28 27.0 30.0 8.27 15 36 213 oc n 10/30/28 26.5 31.6 8.23 16 36 215 100 r n 10/30/28 14.4 34.9 7.85 149 36 216 0 oc p 10/30/28 26.5 31.6 8.23 16 37 218 50 oc n 11/ 1/28 18.8 34.5 8.00 121 38 222 0 r n 11/ 3/28 26.5 32.9 8.33 20 39 225 0 r n 11/ 6/28 24.8 33.0 8.24 16 39 226 50 c n 11/ 6/28 16.3 34.6 7.92 48 39 227 100 x n 11/ 6/28 14.0 35.0 7.88 181 4la 240 0 r n 11/13/28 (18.7 34.7 8.06 45) 44 250 0 r n 11/17/28 20.7 34.9 8.03 38 44 251 50 r n 11/17/28 20.4 34.9 8.04 34 45 256 0 c n 11/19/28 22.4 35.3 8.12 38 45 257 50 c n= 11/19/28 22.4 35.2 8.13 46 45 258 100 c n 11/19/28 18.6 35.1 8.00 50 45 259 0 oc p 11/19/28 22.4 35.3 8.12 38 46 261 0 oc n 11/21/28 23.3 35.3 8.16 36 46 262 50 c n 11/21/28 23.2 35.3 8.16 40 46 263 100 r n 11/21/28 22.5 35.4 8.17 40 46 264 0 oc p 11/21/28 23.3 35.3 8.16 36 47 266 0 r n 11/23/28 23.9 36.0 8.23 17 a APPENDIX Table 43. Distributional and environmental records for Ceratium massiliense--Continued Depth Relative Appa- Tem per ature | Salinity t 267 268 271 272 50 _ a So ooooooco0o°0°0o _ So oO _ [=] ooooococoococo°o°o ou BSE SHSSSSSSVVUSASSSVVUSVUSSSSVUVUVU ASS SUS AS SVS SP SHAS SS SS SUAS SUVA STS SA SP SPAS eV EAA Be VU aa ave eas 11/23/28 11/23/28 11/25/28 11/25/28 11/25/28 11/25/28 11/25/28 11/27/28 11/27/28 11/27/28 11/27/28 11/27/28 11/29/28 11/29/28 11/29/28 11/29/28 12/ 1/28 12/ 1/28 8.23 8.23 8.23 DWOCMWMO MDD DODMDODDDMOMDMDMMODMDDMDMMDMDMMMMOM SOCTDDODDOCDCOCOCOCOF OF Ba it et tt OAAWMAIHJIIT-IWHDWOUINNOKHORDR PH RO PD PO4 mg/m? 127 128 CERATIUM IN THE PACIFIC AND NORTH ATLANTIC OCEANS Table 43. Distributional and environmental records for Ceratium massiliense--Continued Depth Relative Appa- Temperature | Salinity PO4 Stati S 1 ci pate Pemeey [Mveay | | mart 63 381 100 n n 1/ 1/29 15.6 34.6 8.08 24 63 384 100 r p 1/ 1/29 15.6 34.6 8.08 24 63-64 385 0 r n 1/ 1/29 20.5 34.6 8.07 21 63-64 386 0 oc n 1/ 1/29 20.5 34.6 8.07 21 63-64 387 0 oc n 1/ 2/29 20.5 34.6 8.07 21 63-64 388 0 oc n 1/ 2/29 20.5 34.6 8.07 21 63-64 389 0 r n 1/ 2/29 20.5 34.6 8.07 21 63-64 390 0 r n 1/ 2/29 20.5 34.6 8.07 21 63-64 393 0 r n 1/ 3/29 20.5 34.6 8.07 21 63-64 394 0 r n 1/ 3/29 20.5 34.6 8.07 21 64 395 50 r n 1/ 3/29 17.2 34.6 8.12 29 64 396 100 r n 1/ 3/29 15.8 34.5 8.10 32 64 399 50 r p 1/ 3/29 17.2 34.6 8.12 29 64-65 402 0 P n 1/ 4/29 (20.6 34.6 8.12 21) 6 416 0 c n 1/ 8/29 19.3 34.9 8.11 21 67 417 50 r n 1/ 8/29 17.4 34.7 8.11 20 67 418 100 oc n 1/ 8/29 16.2 34.6 8.05 40 68 419 0 oc n 1/10/29 19.2 35.1 8.14 29 68 420 50 r n 1/10/29 18.2 35.0 8.14 29 68 421 100 r n 1/10/29 16.5 34.8 8.13 34 68 422 0 oc p 1/10/29 19.2 35.1 8.14 29 69 424 0 oc n 1/12/29 21.1 35.2 8.12 62 69 425 50 oc n 1/12/29 17.4 35.1 7.99 151 70 436 100 r p 1/13/29 12.6 34.8 7.68 233 a 441 0 r p 2/ 6/29 23.5 35.2 8.13 58 74 456 0 @ n 2/12/29 24.2 35.6 8.17 68 75 462 0 oc n 2/14/29 22.8 35.8 8.18 44 75 463 50 oc n 2/14/29 20.0 35.5 8.14 46 75 465 0 i p 2/14/29 22.8 35.8 8.18 44 76 467 0 r n 2/16/29 23.4 35.9 8.15 50 TT 472 0 r n 2/18/29 23.7 36.0 8.19 16 17 473 0 oc p 2/18/29 23.7 36.0 8.19 16 78 475 0 r n 2/20/29 24.6 36.0 8.17 32 78 477 100 oc n 2/20/29 21.9 36.2 8.14 34 79 481 0 oc n 2/22/29 25.2 36.0 8.17 34 79 483 100 oc n 2/22/29 21.8 36.2 8.13 45 79 484 0 r p 2/22/29 25.2 36.0 8.17 34 80 486 0 oc n 2/24/29 26.0 35.9 8.20 36 80 487 50 rr n 2/24/29 25.9 36.0 8.19 29 80 488 0 oc p 2/24/29 26.0 35.9 8.20 36 81 491 0 oc n 2/26/29 26.5 35.8 8.19 38 81 492 50 oc n 2/26/29 26.4 35.9 8.19 38 81 494 50 r p 2/26/29 26.4 35.9 8.19 38 82 496 0 c n 2/28/29 27.2 36.3 8.21 34 82 497 50 oc n 2/28/29 27.2 36.3 8.21 34 82 498 0 oc p 2/28/29 27.2 36.3 8.21 34 83 501 0 c n 3/ 2/29 27.2 36.3 8.24 29 83 502 50 oc n 3/ 2/29 27.4 36.5 8.24 25 83 503 0 r p 3/ 2/29 27.5 36.3 8.24 29 83 504 50 rT p 3/ 2/29 27.4 36.5 8.24 25 84 505 0 Cc n 3/ 4/29 27.8 36.2 8.23 24 84 506 50 oc n 3/ 4/29 27.5 36.4 8.21 24 85 510 0 oc n 3/ 6/29 27.9 36.2 8.22 40 85 511 50 oc n 3/ 6/29 27.8 36.2 8.22 40 85 512 0 r p 3/ 6/29 27.9 36.2 8.22 40 86 515 0 c n 3/ 9/29 (28.3 36.2 8.29 20) 86 516 0 a n 3/ 9/29 28.3 36.2 8.29 20 86 517 50 c n 3/ 9/29 27.4 36.2 8.29 17 86 518 0 oc p 3/ 9/29 28.3 36.2 8.29 20 87 521 0 c n 3/11/29 27.8 36.1 8.28 17 87 522 50 oc n 3/11/29 26.5 36.1 8.25 20 87 524 50 r p 3/11/29 26.5 36.1 8.25 20 87 526 0 oc n 3/11/29 27.8 36.1 8.28 17 88 527 50 oc n 3/21/29 28.4 35.9 8.25 13 89 528 0 oc n 3/23/29 28.4 35.6 8.25 21 89 529 50 a n 3/23/29 28.6 35.8 8.27 12 89 530 0 r p 3/23/29 28.4 35.6 8.25 21 89 532 0 oc n 3/23/29 (28.4 35.6 8.25 21) 90 533 0 a n 3/25/29 28.5 35.5 8.27 21 90 534 50 c n 3/25/29 28.6 35.6 8.26 21 90 535 0 oc p 3/25/29 28.5 35.5 8.27 21 90 536 50 oc p 3/25/29 28.6 35.6 8.26 21 91 540 0 c n 3/27/29 28.7 35.1 8.30 21 91 541 50 a n 3/27/29 28.5 35.2 8.30 24 91 542 0 r p 3/27/29 28.7 35.1 8.30 21 91 543 50 oc p 3/27/29 28.5 35.2 8.30 24 APPENDIX Table 43. Distributional and environmental records for Ceratium massiliense--Continued Depth Relative Appa- Temperature | Salinity as for | “oreo 91 544 100 oc 92 545 0 c 92 546 50 c 92 548 50 r 92 549 100 r 93 550 0 c 93 551 50 c 95 563 50 c 95 566 50 r 96 568 0 c 95 568A 0 r 96 569 50 c 96 570 100 oc 96 571 oc 96 573 100 r 97 574 c 97 575 50 c 97 576 100 c 97 577 0 r 97 578 50 oc 97 579 100 r _ oOo = tor) o for) oO oaaona0na Oo o [—) ooo ooo fo) on a SS fo) a ° Ll oO ao nD i) = a Oo hid tebe} LG a hd eh) toh ab te) a) GS ahah htc} ts} hte) 1s) DUH HSVOCFSSUSSSSSSVUVUAFSSVUUSSSVUSSVUUS SSS SSS SSO AA SUVS SSSA SSeS U SAD VU BES BOE aa Us 3/27/29 3/29/29 3/29/29 3/29/29 3/29/29 3/31/29 3/31/29 4/24/29 4/24/29 4/26/29 4/25/29 4/26/29 4/26/29 4/26/29 4/26/29 4/28/29 4/28/29 6/ 3/29 PO4 mg/m3 _ _ ry -_ AAAI Ae IHW WW Ph Phe RO PON non J I I AION O MOM MO 129 130 CERATIUM IN THE PACIFIC AND NORTH ATLANTIC OCEANS Table 43. Distributional and environmental records for Ceratium massiliense--Continued Depth Relative Appa- Temperature Salinity PO4 112 675 n 6/ 5/29 21.7 34.6 8.23 i 112 676 100 e n 6/ 5/29 19.8 34.7 8.20 8 112 679 100 ry p 6/ 5/29 19.8 34.7 8.20 8 113 680 0 c n 6/25/29 24.2 34.5 8.25 5 113 681 50 oc n 6/25/29 23.8 34.6 8.25 5 113 682 100 oc n 6/25/29 21.5 34.7 8.23 8 113 683 0 r p 6/25/29 24.2 34.5 8.25 5 113 684 50 oc p 6/25/29 23.8 34.6 8.25 5 113 685 100 r p 6/25/29 21.5 34.7 8.23 8 114 686 0 oc n 6/27/29 19.9 34.3 8.15 7 114 687 50 oc n 6/27/29 16.2 34.6 8.04 63 114 689 0 oc p 6/27/29 19.9 34.3 8.15 7 114 690 50 oc p 6/27/29 16.2 34.6 8.04 63 115 693 50 r n 6/29/29 17.5 34.6 8.12 17 115 695 0 r p 6/29/29 20.6 34.6 8.19 4 116 703 50 r n T/ 1/29 10.6 33.8 8.11 23 128 779 0 c n 1/25/29 16.4 33.0 8.12 29 129 780 0 c n 1/27/29 16.3 33.1 8.13 25 130 781 0 oc n 9/ 4/29 16.2 33.4 8.34 36 130 782 50 r n 9/ 4/29 11.7 33.4 8.26 83 130 784 0 oc p 9/ 4/29 16.2 33.4 8.34 36 130 787 0 c n 9/ 4/29 16.2 33.4 8.34 36 131 788 0 oc n 9/ 6/29 19.3 33.4 8.34 36 131 789 100 c n 9/ 6/29 12.1 33.4 8.32 36 131 792 0 oc p 9/ 6/29 19.3 33.4 8:94- «ahs 131 793 0 r p 9/ 6/29 19.3 33.4 8.34 36 132 197 0 c n 9/ 8/29 21.0 33.9 8.34 15 132 798 50 oc n 9/ 8/29 17.6 33.9 8.32 19 132 801 0 oc p 9/ 8/29 21.0 33.9 8.34 15 132 802 50 r p 9/ 8/29 17.6 33.9 8.33 19 132 799 100 r n 9/ 8/29 14.3 33.4 8.30 16 132 803 100 r p 9/ 8/29 14.3 33.4 8.30 16 133 804 0 oc n 9/10/29 22.7 34.7 8.47 7 133 805 50 oc n 9/10/29 20.8 34.7 8.37 7 134 808 0 oc n 9/12/29 22.9 34.7 8.34 6 134 809 50 r n 9/12/29 19.8 34.6 8.34 6 134 810 100 oc n 9/12/29 18.1 34.6 8.34 6 134 817 100 r p 9/12/29 18.1 34.6 8.34 6 135 821 50 oc n 9/14/29 21.5 35.0 8.37 5 135 822 100 oc n 9/14/29 18.7 34.8 8.34 5 135 825 50 r p 9/14/29 21.5 35.0 8.37 5 135 826 100 r p 9/14/29 18.7 34.8 8.34 5 136 827 0 oc n 9/16/29 24.6 35.4 8.37 3 136 828 50 c n 9/16/29 21.4 35.1 8.39 3 136 829 100 oc n 9/16/29 18.6 35.0 8.39 3 136 833 50 7 p 8/16/29 21.4 35.1 8.39 3 136 834 100 r p 9/16/29 18.6 35.0 8.39 3 137 836 0 c n 9/18/29 25.5 35.0 8.39 4 137 837 50 oc n 9/18/29 24.4 35.1 8.34 4 137 838 100 c n 9/18/29 21.5 35.1 8.30 5 137 838 100 r p 9/18/29 21.5 35.1 8.30 5 137 840 0 r p 9/18/29 25.5 35.0 8.39 4 137 842 100 r p 9/18/29 21.5 35.1 8.30 5 138 843 0 oc n 9/20/29 26.1 34.8 8.35 5 138 844 50 c n 9/20/29 25.6 34.7 8.30 3 138 845 100 oc n 9/20/29 22.2 34.8 8.31 3 139 849 0 oc n 9/22/29 26.7 34.8 8.34 6 139 850 50 c n 9/22/29 25.8 34.9 8.31 6 139 851 100 oc n 9/22/29 22.4 35.2 8.28 6 139 854 50 r p 9/22/29 25.8 34.9 8.31 6 140 856 0 c n 10/ 3/29 26.9 35.0 8.42 { 140 857 50 oc n 10/ 3/29 26.9 35.0 8.39 if 140 858 100 oc n 10/ 3/29 25.5 35.0 8.34 7 140 860 0 c p 10/ 3/29 26.9 35.0 8.42 if 140 861 50 r p 10/ 3/29 26.9 35.0 8.39 7 140 862 100 r p 10/ 3/29 25.5 35.0 8.34 7 140 863 100 r p 10/ 3/29 25.5 35.0 8.34 ff 141 864 0 r n 10/ 5/29 25.9 35.2 8.34 5 141 865 50 oc n 10/ 5/29 24.8 35.3 8.34 5 142 872 0 oc n 10/ 7/29 24.1 34.8 8.33 5 142 873 0 oc n 10/ 7/29 24.1 34.8 8.33 5 142 874 100 oc n 10/ 7/29 16.6 34.4 8.27 7 142 878 100 r p 10/ 7/29 16.6 34.4 8.27 5 143 881 0 c n 10/ 9/29 22.4 34.4 8.30 6 143 882 50 c n 10/ 9/29 19.0 34.2 8.34 6 143 883 100 c n 10/ 9/29 13.8 34.1 8.30 10 144 884 0 r p 10/ 9/29 22.4 34.4 8.30 6 APPENDIX Table 43. Distributional and environmental records for Ceratium massiliense--Concluded Depth Relative Appa- Temperature Salinity 160 Station Sample Depth (m) 1002 1003 oe oc PSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSVUVUSSSSS SSS SASS SP SVU SS SUAS DU AaADe sass ss xxsag5 10/ 9/29 10/11/29 10/11/29 10/11/29 10/13/29 10/13/29 10/13/29 10/13/29 10/15/29 10/15/29 10/15/29 10/15/29 10/17/29 10/17/29 10/17/29 10/17/29 10/19/29 10/19/29 10/19/29 10/19/29 10/19/29 10/21/29 10/21/29 10/21/29 10/23/29 10/23/29 10/23/29 10/26/29 10/26/29 10/27/29 10/27/29 10/27/29 10/29/29 10/29/29 10/29/29 10/29/29 eee eeeeneeee 11/13/29 11/13/29 11/15/29 g> 90 G9 G0 G0 go Go Co Cocco c 6 wh n NIOwM-12 00 BO1S2 162 Co!R0) 2) E2 /G2 |G 60 (00/00/0909 /=1100 00 00 C2, 02 02 Co/=1i=3/60 bo Go Go Go bo Go 65 Go ty bo bo G9 bo 69 00 me Go 69 ND 0 fe I 00 GO AGAIGOHRONASCIBOOCHWOOOIDOIAIN Table 44. Distributional and environmental records for Ceratium deflexum 203 204 206 208 209 212 213 216 50 oooocecoo Relative abundance AOA AAAANA fe) Appa- Temperature ratus (°C) hoi ~~ Ho i | 10/26/28 10/26/28 10/26/28 10/26/28 10/27/28 10/28/28 10/30/28 10/30/28 27.4 16.8 Salinity Gyeoy PO4 mg/m3 + ANAM DOAAIRBARARMARAAAR FPOAMAMac: : he —~~S 131 132 CERATIUM IN THE PACIFIC AND NORTH ATLANTIC OCEANS Table 44. Distributional and environmental records for Ceratium deflexum--Continued Depth Relative Appa- Temperature | Salinity PO Stati am pl és 4 = Nigel abundance | ratus ae (gC) (0/00) mg/m3 0 oc 37 217 n 11/ 1/28 27.1 31.7 8.28 15 37 218 50 r n 11/ 1/28 18.8 34.5 8.00 121 37 219 100 oc n 11/ 1/28 15.1 34.9 7.82 153 37 . 220 0 rr p 11/ 1/28 27.1 31.7 8.28 15 38 224 100 r n 11/ 3/28 15.6 34.9 7.91 166 40 229 0 r n 11/ 8/28 22.2 33.7 8.21 24 41 235 0 r n 11/10/28 20.4 34.2 8.11 32 4la 240 0 c n 11/12/28 Hee 34.7 8.06 i 42 241 0 r n 11/13/28 18.7 34.7 8.06 45 42 242 50 r ny d713s728 Sez 34.9 7.99 68 42 243 100 r n 11/13/28 13.8 35.0 7.91 150 43 246 100 r n 11/15/28 13.6 35.0 7.90 92 43 247 0 r p 11/15/28 19.6 34.8 8.09 52 44 250 0 r n 11/17/28 20.7 34.9 8.03 38 44 251 50 oc n 11/17/28 20.4 34.9 8.04 34 44 253 0 oc p 11/17/28 20.7 34.9 8.03 38 45 256 0 r n 11/19/28 22.4 35.3 8.12 38 45 257 50 r n 11/19/28 22.4 35.2 8.13 46 45 259 0 r p 11/19/28 22.4 35.3 8.12 38 46 261 0 oc n 11/21/28 23.3 35.3 8.16 36 46 262 50 oc n 11/21/28 23.2 35.3 8.16 40 46 263 100 r n 11/21/28 22.5 35.4 8.17 40 46 264 0 r p 11/21/28 23.3 35.3 8.16 36 46 265 50 r p 11/21/28 23.2 35.3 8.16 40 47 266 0 r n 11/23/28 23.9 36.0 8.23 17 47 267 50 oc n 11/23/28 23.8 36.0 8.23 20 47 268 100 oc n 11/23/28 22.7 36.2 8.23 20 48 272 50 r n 11/25/28 23.6 36.4 8.24 16 61 364 50 oc n 12/28/28 14.0 34.0 8.05 60 61 365 100 c n 12/28/28 10.8 34.0 8.03 80 61 368 100 ig p 12/28/28 10.8 34.0 8.03 80 62 372 50 r n 12/30/28 16.2 34.3 8.10 28 74 456 0 r n 2/12/29 24.2 35.6 8.17 68 78 475 0 oc n 2/20/29 24.6 36.0 8.17 32 78 477 100 oc n 2/20/29 21.9 36.2 8.14 34 78 478 0 oc p 2/20/29 24.6 36.0 8.17 32 719 482 50 r n 2/22/29 24.5 36.1 8.17 34 79 484 0 r p 2/22/29 25.2 36.0 8.17 34 80 486 0 oc n 2/24/29 26.0 35.9 8.20 36 80 487 50 r n 2/24/29 25.9 36.0 8.19 29 80 488 0 r p 2/24/29 26.0 35.9 8.20 36 81 491 0 oc n 2/26/29 26.5 35.8 8.19 38 81 492 50 oc n 2/26/29 26.4 35.9 8.19 38 82 496 0 c n 2/28/29 27.2 36.3 8.21 34 82 497 50 oc n 2/28/29 27.2 36.3 8.21 34 82 498 0 r p 2/28/29 27.2 36.3 8.21 34 83 501 0 c n 3/ 2/29 27.5 36.3 8.24 29 83 502 50 oc n 3/ 2/29 27.4 36.5 8.24 25 84 505 0 oc n 3/ 4/29 27.8 36.2 8.23 24 84 506 50 oc n 3/ 4/29 27.5 36.4 8.21 24 84 507 0 re p 3/ 4/29 27.8 36.2 8.23 24 85 510 0 oc n 3/ 6/29 27.9 36.2 8.22 40 85 511 50 r n 3/ 6/29 27.8 36.2 8.22 40 85 512 0 r p 3/ 6/29 27.9 36.2 8.22 40 86 515 0 oc n 3/ 8/29 28.3 36.2 8.29 20 86 516 0 oc n 9/29 28.3 36.2 8.29 20 87 521 0 r n 3/11/29 27.8 36.1 8.28 17 88 526 0 r n 3/21/29 28.5 35.9 8.23 16 89 528 0 r n 3/23/29 28.4 35.6 8.25 21 89 532 0 r n 3/23/29 (28.4 35.6 8.25 21) 91 540 0 oc n 3/27/29 28.7 35.1 8.30 21 91 541 50 © n 3/27/29 28.5 35.2 8.30 24 92 545 0 r n 3/29/29 28.5 35.3 8.29 28 92 549 100 r p 3/29/29 26.2 36.0 8.28 28 93 550 0 c n 3/31/29 28.7 34.7 8.30 28 93 551 50 oc n 3/31/29 28.5 34.8 8.30 28 93 552 0 oc p 3/31/29 28.7 34.7 8.26 14 96 568 0 r n 4/26/29 29.3 35.3 8.23 12 97 574 0 oc n 4/28/29 28.3 35.2 8.16 24 97 576 100 r n 4/28/29 27.6 35.6 8.15 25 101 604 50 r n 5/ 7/29 26.2 34.7 8.24 8 105 627 50 c n 5/15/29 26.8 34.9 8.23 5 105 628 50 r n 5/15/29 26.8 34.9 8.23 5 106 633 0 r n 5/17/29 27.2 35.0 8.23 5 107 640 50 r n 5/19/29 27.9 34.4 8.23 4 113 680 0 oc n 6/25/29 24.2 34.5 8.25 5 Station Sample Depth Relative Appa- Temperature | Salinity (m) | abundance | ratus (ac) (0/00) 113 150 150 150 150 150 150 151 Depth tation Sample 1 i 0 APPENDIX Table 44. Distributional and environmental records for Ceratium deflexum--Concluded aa fo) Tats Ge ae hig rks Oa 8 ONL OLO LOLs AHOOO aa0 SBSPSSSS5S 0s Suse sasavev sss 6/25/29 10/23/29 10/23/29 10/23/29 10/23/29 10/23/29 10/23/29 10/26/29 10/26/29 10/27/29 10/27/29 10/28/29 10/29/29 10/29/29 11/ 2/29 11/ 4/29 11/ 4/29 11/ 6/29 11/ 8/29 11/ 8/29 11/ 8/29 11/11/29 11/13/29 21.5 25.6 22.8 25.6 22.8 19.6 19.6 26.0 26.0 27.4 27.4 28.1 34.7 34.7 eens ©2 00 Od 6D CO CO CO CO CO GD CO CO GO CO WwWWWWNWWN PD Pp oo AGOOCOhLTOR OJON Table 45. Distributional and environmental records for Ceratium carriense s Relative Appa- Date Temperature | Salinity PO4 abundance | ratus (Ge) (0/00) mg/m? mg/m3 r n 5/12/28 24.0 36.2 8.16 34 1 2 70 r n 5/12/28 22.4 36.4 8.17 35 1b 6 0 c n 5/16/28 22.3 36.3 8.20 46 13a 89 0 r n 8/ 8/28 21.2 35.2 8.18 11 16 103 0 r p 8/13/28 25.9 36.2 8.24 8 16 104 50 r p 8/13/28 24.4 36.4 8.23 8 16 106 0 r n 8/13/28 25.9 36.2 8.24 8 16 107 50 iz n 8/13/28 24.4 36.4 8.23 8 17 112 50 rr n 8/15/28 21.9 36.6 8.28 12 19 121 50 r p 8/20/28 25.2 37.1 8.27 5 19 122 0 c n 8/20/28 26.6 37.0 8.34 5 19 123 50 oc n 8/20/28 25.2 37.1 8.27 5 19 124 100 oc n 8/20/28 22.4 37.0 8.25 5 23 145 0 r p 8/29/28 27.2 35.9 8.25 4 23 146 50 r p 8/29/28 20.9 36.0 8.14 13 23 149 50 oc n 8/29/28 20.9 36.0 8.14 13 23 150 100 r n 8/29/28 16.6 36.0 8.18 75 25 160 0 r n 9/ 3/28 27.5 35.6 8.31 5 25 161 50 r n 9/ 3/28 21.5 36.0 8.22 12 28 174 50 Tr p 9/11/28 26.7 36.3 8.26 4 28 176 0 r n 9/11/28 27.6 36.3 8.29 4 28 178 100 rr n 9/11/28 22.8 36.6 8.22 7 31 191 0 r n 10/ 3/28 28.5 34.4 8.27 2 31 192 50 r n 10/ 3/28 28.2 35.4 8.23 2 32 194 0 m n 10/ 5/28 28.0 36.0 8.23 2 34 202 50 oc n 10/ 9/28 25.0 36.5 8.21 3 35 203 0 r n 10/26/28 27.4 29.7 8.31 15 35 204 50 r n 10/26/28 16.8 34.7 7.92 138 37 217 0 r n 11/ 1/28 27.1 31.7 8.28 15 37 219 100 r n 11/ 1/28 15.1 34.9 7.82 153 37 220 0 oc p 11/ 1/28 27.1 31.7 8.28 15 40 232 0 r p 11/ 8/28 22.2 33.7 8.21 24 41 235 0 r n 11/10/28 20.4 34.2 8.11 32 41 238 0 r p 11/10/28 20.4 34.2 8.11 32 44 255 100 r p 11/17/28 13.8 35.0 7.85 70 45 256 0 rc n 11/19/28 22.4 35.3 8.12 38 46 261 0 oc n 11/21/28 23.3 35.3 8.16 36 46 262 50 oc n 11/21/28 23.2 35.3 8.16 40 46 263 100 r n 11/21/28 22.5 35.4 8.17 40 46 264 0 r p 11/21/28 23.3 35.3 8.16 36 47 266 0 r n 11/23/28 23.9 36.0 8.23 17 47 267 50 oc n 11/23/28 23.8 36.0 8.23 20 47 268 100 oc n 11/23/28 22.7 36.2 8.23 20 47 269 0 r p 11/23/28 23.9 36.0 8.23 27 133 134 CERATIUM IN THE PACIFIC AND NORTH ATLANTIC OCEANS Table 45. Distributional and environmental records for Ceratium carriense--Continued Depth Relative 48 271 0 oc n 11/25/28 23.6 36.4 8.23 13 48 272 50 oc n 11/25/28 23.6 36.4 8.24 16 48 273 100 oc n 11/25/28 22.7 36.3 8.26 16 48 274 0 r p 11/25/28 23.6 36.4 8.23 13 48 276 100 i p 11/25/28 22.7 36.3 8.26 16 49 277 0 oc n 11/27/28 23.4 36.2 8.27 13 49 278 50 oc n 11/27/29 22.6 36.1 8.26 13 49 279 100 oc n 11/27/28 21.6 35.9 8.26 13 49a 283 0 oc n 11/28/28 (23.2 36.0 8.23 13) 50 284 0 oc n 11/29/28 23.2 36.0 8.23 13 50 285 50 oc n 11/29/28 22.0 35.9 8.23 13 50 286 100 oc n 11/29/28 20.5 35.7 8.22 13 50 288 50 oc p 11/29/28 22.0 35.9 8.23 13 50 289 100 r p 11/29/28 20.5 35.7 8.22 13 50-51 291 oc n 11/30/28 vee 35.6 8.22 a 50-51 292 0 oc n 11/30/28 22.8 35.6 8.22 16 51 293 0 oc n 12/ 1/28 22.8 35.6 8.22 16 51 294 50 oc n 12/ 1/28 20.5 35.6 8.22 17 51 295 100 oc n 12/ 1/28 20.0 35.6 8.22 17 51 296 0 r p 12/ 1/28 22.8 35.6 8.22 16 52 299 0 r n 12/ 3/28 22.5 35.4 8.21 8 52 300 50 oc n 12/ 3/28 20.2 35.6 8.20 8 52 302 0 r p 12/ 3/28 22.5 35.4 8.21 8 53 304 50 oc n 12/ 5/28 21.2 35.8 8.20 13 53 305 100 oc n 12/ 5/28 19.9 35.6 8.19 13 53-54 308 oc n 12/ 6/28 23.0 35.6 8.22 11 53-54 310 0 oc n 12/10/28 23.0 35.6 8.22 11 54 320 50 oc n 12/14/28 19.8 35.4 8.18 17 54 321 100 oc n 12/14/28 18.7 35.4 8.16 20 55 323 0 r n 12/16/28 20.4 34.9 8.19 12 55 324 50 oc n 12/16/28 18.7 35.0 8.18 12 55 327 50 r p 12/16/28 18.7 35.0 8.18 12 56 328 0 c n 12/18/28 20.8 34.9 8.13 9 56 330 100 oc n 12/18/28 16.6 34.8 8.11 12 5 332 50 r p 12/18/28 18.5 35.1 8.14 9 56-57 334 0 oc n 12/19/28 (19.0 34.5 8.14 20) 57 335 0 oc n 12/20/28 19.0 34.5 8.14 20 57 338 0 oc p 12/20/28 19.0 34.5 8.14 20 59 352 50 r p 12/24/28 14.0 34.0 8.08 38 67 416 0 r n 1/ 8/29 19.3 34.9 8.11 21 69 424 0 oc n 1/12/29 21.1 35.2 8.12 62 69 425 50 rc n 1/12/29 17.4 35.1 7.99 151 69 427 0 r p 1/12/29 21.1 35.2 8.12 62 71 438 0 ty n 2/ 6/29 23.5 35.2 8.13 58 75 462 0 oc n 2/14/29 22.8 35.8 8.18 44 75 463 50 r n 2/14/29 20.0 35.5 8.14 46 75 464 100 r n 2/14/29 17.8 35.4 8.00 75 75 466 50 r p 2/14/29 20.0 35.5 8.14 46 76 467 0 oc n 2/16/29 23.4 35.9 8.15 50 76 471 50 r p 2/16/29 22.1 35.9 8.14 42 hE 472 0 oc n 2/18/29 23.7 36.0 8.19 16 ae 473 0 r p 2/18/29 23.7 36.0 8.19 16 78 475 0 r n 2/20/29 24.6 36.0 8.17 32 78 477 100 oc n 2/20/29 21.9 36.2 8.14 34 78 478 0 r p 2/20/29 24.6 36.0 8.17 32 79 482 50 r n 2/22/29 24.5 36.1 8.17 34 79 483 100 oc n 2/22/29 21.8 36.2 8.13 45 80 486 oc n 2/24/29 26.0 35.9 8.20 36 80 487 50 r n 2/24/29 25.9 36.0 8.19 29 80 488 0 .oc p 2/24/29 26.0 35.9 8.20 36 80 489 50 r p 2/24/29 25.9 36.0 8.19 29 81 491 0 oc n 2/26/29 26.5 35.8 8.19 38 81 492 50 oc n 2/26/29 26.4 35.9 8.19 38 81 493 0 r p 2/26/29 26.5 35.8 8.19 38 81 494 50 r p 2/26/29 26.4 35.9 8.19 38 81 495 100 r p 2/26/29 23.6 36.2 8.18 36 82 496 0 oc n 2/28/29 27.2 36.3 8.21 34 82 497 50 oc n 2/28/29 27.2 36.3 8.21 34 82 498 0 r p 2/28/29 27.2 36.3 8.21 34 83 501 0 c n 3/ 2/29 27.5 36.3 8.24 29 83 502 50 oc n 3/ 2/29 27.4 36.5 8.24 25 83 503 0 r p 3/ 2/29 27.5 36.3 8.24 29 84 505 0 oc n 3/ 4/29 27.8 36.2 8.23 24 84 506 50 oc n 3/ 4/29 27.5 36.4 8.21 24 85 510 0 oc n 3/ 6/29 27.9 36.2 8.22 40 85 511 50 oc n 3/ 6/29 27.8 36.2 8.22 40 APPENDIX Table 45. Distributional and environmental records for Ceratium carriense--Continued Depth Relative Appa- Temperature | Salinity bs pet [ono | acres BUDA SF SSFSSST HS HSSSVUSSSSSHSSHSSHSSHSSSHSUVS HFSS S SUF HSP SSS SHS SSUVUHP APS SUVUSSSSVUSA SSeS Sse Se SSeS sesso sS 3/ 8/29 3/ 9/29 3/ 9/29 3/11/29 3/21/29 3/21/29 3/23/29 3/25/29 3/25/29 3/25/29 3/27/29 3/27/29 3/27/29 3/29/29 3/31/29 3/31/29 3/31/29 4/ 2/29 4/22/29 4/24/29 4/24/29 4/24/29 4/25/29 4/26/29 4/26/29 4/26/29 4/26/29 4/26/29 PO4 mg/m3 _ COCO CO AJ JON OT BO 0 0 0 ot = 9 21 01 CO CO GO CO wr on oO on 135 136 CERATIUM IN THE PACIFIC AND NORTH ATLANTIC OCEANS Table 45. Distributional and environmental records for Ceratium carriense--Continued Temperature ; Depth Relative Appa- 132 798 50 oc n 9/ 8/29 17.6 33.9 8.33 19 132 799 100 r n 9/ 8/29 14.3 33.4 8.30 16 132 801 0 r p 9/ 8/29 21.0 33.9 8.34 15 132 802 50 r p 9/ 8/29 17.6 33.9 8.33 19 132 803 100 r p 9/ 8/29 14.3 33.4 8.30 16 133 804 0 oc n 9/10/29 22.7 34.7 8.47 7 133 805 50 r n 9/10/29 20.8 34.7 8.37 iu 133 806 100 r n 9/10/29 18.4 34.8 8.31 7 134 808 0 r n 9/12/29 22.9 34.7 8.34 6 134 809 50 r n 9/12/29 19.8 34,6 8.34 6 134 810 100 oc n 9/12/29 18.1 34.6 8.34 6 135 820 z n 9/14/29 23.8 35.1 8.37 7 135 821 50 oc n 9/14/29 21.5 35.0 8.37 5 135 822 100 r n 9/14/29 18.7 34.8 8.34 5 135 824 0 r p 9/14/29 23.8 35.1 8.37 U 136 827 0 oc n 9/16/29 24.6 35.4 8.37 3 136 828 50 oc n 9/16/29 21.4 35.1 8.39 3 137 836 0 c n 9/18/29 25.5 35.0 8.39 4 137 837 50 c n 9/18/29 24.4 35.1 8.34 4 137 838 100 Tr n 9/18/29 21.5 35.1 8.30 5 137 840 0 r p 9/18/29 25.5 35.0 8.39 4 138 843 0 oc n 9/20/29 26.1 34.8 8.35 5 138 844 50 oc n 9/20/29 25.6 34.7 8.30 3 138 845 100 oc n 9/20/29 22.2 34.8 8.31 3 138 847 1 p 9/20/29 26.1 34.8 8.35 5 139 849 0 oc n 9/22/29 26.7 34.8 8.34 6 139 850 50 oc n 9/22/29 25.8 34.9 8.31 6 140 856 0 c n 10/ 3/29 26.9 35.0 8.42 u 140 857 50 oc n 10/ 3/29 26.9 35.0 8.39 7 140 858 100 r n 10/ 3/29 25.5 35.0 8.34 7 140 861 50 r p 10/ 3/29 26.9 35.0 8.39 7 141 864 0 r n 10/ 5/29 25.9 35.2 8.34 5 141 865 50 r n 10/ 5/29 24.8 35.3 8.34 5 141 870 50 r p 10/ 5/29 24.8 35.3 8.34 5 142 873 50 r n 10/ 7/29 21.8 34.8 8.30 5 142 874 100 r n 10/ 7/29 16.6 34.4 8.27 7 142 877 50 r p 10/ 7/29 21.8 34.8 8.30 5 143 881 0 c n 10/ 9/29 22.4 34.4 8.30 6 143 882 50 oc n ~ 10/49/29 19.0 34.2 8.34 6 143 883 100 oc n 10/ 9/29 13.8 34.1 8.30 10 143 884 0 r p 10/ 9/29 22.4 34.4 8.30 6 145 890 0 r n 10/13/29 22.3 34.6 8.29 6 145 891 50 r n 10/13/29 18.7 34.3 8.34 6 145 892 100 ve n 10/13/29 16.0 34.1 8.31 6 147 904 50 7 n 10/17/29 23.1 35.3 8.29 5 148 910 0 oc n 10/19/29 23.4 SOee, GIB. rae 148 911 50 oc n 10/19/29 23.0 SOc ete. 148 912 100 oc n 10/19/29 20.0 S0:0) eireeee 148 917 0 we p 10/19/29 23.4 S052 Weide. 149 920 0 c n 10/21/29 23.5 35.0 8.34 6 149 921 50 oc n 10/21/29 23.3 35.0 8.37 6 150 929 0 re n 10/23/29 25.6 34.7 8.39 7 150 931 100 % n 10/23/29 19.6 34.6 8.32 11 151 938 50 oc n 10/26/29 18.3 3474 Beene. eas 151 939 100 oc n 10/26/29 12.5 SAG 5800 cea 151 942 50 r p 10/26/29 18.3 94:4) 38P 6.0 aa 152 945 50 oc n 10/27/29 14.2 34.5 7.87 53 153 951 0 oc n 10/29/29 28.1 34.2 8.47 7 153 952 50 oc n 10/29/29 28.1 34.4 8.39 7 153 953 100 r n 10/29/29 20.5 34.7 8.28 31 153 955 0 r p 10/29/29 28.1 34.2 8.47 7 153 956 50 r p 10/29/29 28.1 34.4 8.39 7 153 957 100 ry p 10/29/29 20.5 34.7 8.28 31 154 958 0 r n 10/31/29 28.3 34.2 8.39 7 154 959 50 iy n 10/31/29 28.2 34.2 8.40 7 154 960 100 r n 10/31/29 25.3 34.8 7.93 21 155 965 0 c n 11/ 2/29 27.8 34.9 8.29 29 155 966 0 oc n 11/ 2/29 27.8 34.9 8.29 29 155 967 100 r n 11/2/29 27.2 35.0 8.30 35 156 972 0 oc n 11/ 4/29 27.6 35.0 8.34 28 156 973 0 r p 11/ 4/29 27.6 35.0 8.34 28 156 974 100 oc n 11/ 4/29 26.4 35.1 8.30 48 157 978 0 oc n 11/ 6/29 27.1 35.3 8.27 47 157 979 50 c n 11/ 6/29 27.1 35.2 8.32 60 157 980 100 oc mn) 127+6729 26.8 35.5 8.30 64 158 983 0 c n 11/ 8/29 28.2 35.6 8.34 36 Table 45. Distributional and environmental records for Ceratium carriense--Concluded se Relative Appa- Temperature Salinity 158 158 159 159 159 160 160 160 Depth Relative Appa- Temperature Salinity APPENDIX PeyPssaTs5s 11/ 8/29 11/ 8/29 11/11/29 11/11/29 11/11/29 11/13/29 11/13/29 11/13/29 28.2 27.6 28.6 28.5 28.0 28.6 28.6 28.5 35.6 35.9 35.7 35.7 35.7 35.6 35.6 35.7 8.39 8.39 8.37 8.39 8.37 8.37 8.39 8.44 Table 46. Distributional and environmental records for Ceratium contrarium SN a) 2} Ihe) ° ic] AON ONRNNOOANAHAAN a0 oc SUS SSSSSSSVVUSASSSSVUAF SSS SSSVVUU SS SVUSP SVU AS SUPA SVU AAs eVU ee sess 5/12/28 5/12/28 5/14/28 5/14/28 5/14/28 5/16/28 5/16/28 5/18/28 8/11/28 8/11/28 8/11/28 8/11/28 8/11/28 8/11/28 8/13/28 8/13/28 8/13/28 8/15/28 8/15/28 8/15/28 8/15/28 8/15/28 8/17/28 8/17/28 8/17/28 8/17/28 8/20/28 8/20/28 8/20/28 8/20/28 8/20/28 8/22/28 8/22/28 8/22/28 8/22/28 8/22/28 8/22/28 8/23/28 8/24/28 8/24/28 8/24/28 8/27/28 8/27/28 8/27/28 8/29/28 8/29/28 9/ 3/28 9/ 1/28 9/11/28 9/11/28 9/11/28 9/11/28 9/13/28 9/15/28 9/15/28 10/ 3/28 10/26/28 10/26/28 10/26/28 8.16 8.17 8.20 8.20 8.20 8.20 8.21 8.23 8.21 8.21 8.20 8.21 8.21 ~~ a WWM O-I1F HP ANWHLODO-I1Hh HF POON NwWNaaNoo 137 138 CERATIUM IN THE PACIFIC AND NORTH ATLANTIC OCEANS Table 46. Distributional and environmental records for Ceratium contrarium--Continued Station Sample Depth Relative Appa- Temperature Salinity PO4 (m) abundance | ratus () (0/00) mg/m3 35-36 212 r n 10/28/28 (27.0 30.7 8.27 16) 36 213 0 oc n 10/30/28 26.5 31.6 8.23 16 36 216 0 oc p 10/30/28 26.5 31.6 8.23 16 37 219 100 r n 11/ 1/28 15.1 34.9 7.82 153 37 220 0 r p 11/ 1/28 27.1 31.7 8.28 15 37 221 50 oc p 11/ 1/28 18.8 34.5 8.00 121 41 235 0 r n 11/10/28 20.4 34.2 8.11 32 4la 240 0 r n 11/12/28 (18.7 34.7 8.06 45) 42 241 0 r n 11/13/28 18.7 34.7 8.06 45 43 246 100 r n 11/15/28 13.6 35.0 7.90 92 44 250 0 r n 11/17/28 20.7 34.9 8.03 38 45 256 fy) c n 11/19/28 22.4 35.3 8.12 38 45 257 50 oc n 11/19/28 22.4 35.2 8.13 46 45 258 100 oc n 11/19/28 18.6 35.1 8.00 50 45 259 0 r p 11/19/28 22.4 35.3 8.12 38 45 260 50 r p 11/19/28 22.4 35.2 8.13 46 46 261 0 oc n 11/21/28 23.3 35.3 8.16 36 46 262 50 oc n 11/21/28 23.2 35.3 8.16 40 46 263 100 r n 11/21/28 22.5 35.4 8.17 40 46 264 0 r p 11/21/28 23.3 35.3 8.16 36 46 264 0 oc p 11/21/28 23.3 35.3 8.16 36 46 265 50 r p 11/21/28 23.2 35.3 8.16 40 47 266 0 r n 11/23/28 23.9 36.0 8.23 17 47 267 50 oc n 11/23/28 23.8 36.0 8.23 20 47 268 100 oc n 11/23/28 22.7 36.2 8.23 20 47 269 0 oc p 11/23/28 23.9 36.0 8.23 17 47 270 50 r p 11/23/28 23.8 36.0 8.23 20 48 271 0 c n 11/25/28 23.6 36.4 8.23 13 48 272 50 oc n 11/25/28 23.6 36.4 8.24 16 48 273 100 c n 11/25/28 22.7 36.3 8.26 16 48 274 0 oc p 11/25/28 23.6 36.4 8.23 13 48 275 50 oc p 11/25/28 23.6 36.4 8.24 16 48 276 100 r p 11/25/28 22.7 36.3 8.26 16 49 277 0 oc n 11/27/28 23.4 36.2 8.27 13 49 278 50 c n 11/27/28 22.6 36.1 8.26 13 49 279 100 c n 11/27/28 21.6 35.9 8.26 13 49 280 0 r p 11/27/28 23.4 36.2 8.27 13 49 281 50 oc p 11/27/28 22.6 36.1 8.26 13 49 282 100 r p 11/27/28 21.6 35.9 8.26 13 49a 283 oc n 11/28/28 (23.2 36.0 8.23 13) 50 284 0 c n 11/29/28 23.2 36.0 8.23 13 50 285 50 oc n 11/29/28 22.0 35.9 8.23 13 50 286 100 c n 11/29/28 20.5 35.7 8.22 13 50 289 100 oc p 11/29/28 20.5 35.7 8.22 13 50-51 290 0 oc n 11/30/28 22.8 35.6 8.22 16 50-51 291 0 oc n 11/30/28 22.8 35.6 8.22 16 50-51 292 0 oc n 11/30/28 22.8 35.6 8.22 16 51 293 0 oc n 12/ 1/28 22.8 35.6 8.22 16 51 294 50 oc n 12/ 1/28 20.5 35.6 8.22 17 51 297 50 r p 12/ 1/28 20.5 35.6 8.22 17 51 298 100 r p 12/ 1/28 20.0 35.6 8.22 17 54 320 50 oc n 12/14/28 19.8 35.4 8.18 17 54 321 100 oc n 12/14/28 18.7 35.4 8.16 20 55 323 0 oc n 12/16/28 20.4 34.9 8.19 12 55 325 100 oc n 12/16/28 16.7 34.9 7.17 12 55 326 0 r p 12/16/28 20.4 34.9 8.19 12 55 327 50 r p 12/16/28 18.7 35.0 8.18 12 56 328 c n 12/18/28 20.8 34.9 8.13 9 56 330 100 oc n 12/18/28 16.6 34.8 8.11 12 56 331 oc p 12/18/28 20.8 34.9 8.13 9 56 332 50 oc p 12/18/28 18.5 35.1 8.14 9 5 333 100 r p 12/18/28 16.6 34.8 8.11 12 56-57 334 0 c n 12/19/28 (19.0 34.5 8.14 20) 57 335 0 c n 12/20/28 19.0 34.5 8.14 20 57 336 50 oc n 12/20/28 15.6 34.3 8.14 21 57 338 0 oc p 12/20/28 19.0 34.5 8.14 20 57 339 50 r p 12/20/28 15.6 34.3 8.14 21 57 340 100 r p 12/20/28 14.3 34.4 8.10 40 58 346 100 r p 12/22/28 12.3 34.1 8.05 40 59 349 50 r n 12/24/28 14.0 34.0 8.08 38 59 351 0 r p 12/24/28 16.3 34.0 8.10 38 60 355 50 r n 12/26/28 13.4 34.0 8.06 54 60-61 360 0 r n 12/26/28 (15.0 34.0 8.07 50) 61 363 0 oc n 12/28/28 16.9 34.0 8.05 46 61 366 0 r p 12/28/28 16.9 34.0 8.05 46 369 0 r n 12/28/28 (16.9 34.0 8.05 46) B16 SOO EO on a ee ee APPENDIX 139 Table 46. Distributional and environmental records for Ceratium contrarium --Continued Depth Relative 61-62 370 0 oc n 12/28/28 (16.¢ 34.0 8.05 46) 62 371 0 oc n 12/30/28 19.2 34.2 8.12 32 62 372 50 r n 12/30/28 16.2 34.3 8.10 28 62 373 100 r n 12/30/28 13.1 34.2 8.06 48 62 376 100 r p 12/30/28 13.1 34.2 8.06 48 62-63 378 0 r n 12/31/28 (20.5 34.6 8.07 21) 63 379 0 oc n 1/ 1/29 20.5 34.6 8.07 21 63 380 50 oc n 1/ 1/29 17.0 34.6 8.08 25 63 381 100 r n 1/ 1/29 15.6 34.6 8.08 24 63 382 0 Fe p 1/ 1/29 20.5 34.6 8.07 21 63 383 50 r p 1/ 1/29 17.0 34.6 8.08 25 63-64 385 0 r n 1/ 1/29 20.5 34.6 8.07 21 63-64 386 0 oc n 1/ 1/29 20.5 34.6 8.07 21 63-64 387 0 oc n 1/ 2/29 20.5 34.6 8.07 21 63-64 388 0 oc n 1/ 2/29 20.5 34.6 8.07 21 63-64 390 0 oc n 1/ 2/29 20.5 34.6 8.07 21 63-64 391 0 oc n 1/ 3/29 20.5 34.6 8.07 21 63-64 392 0 oc n 1/ 3/29 20.5 34.6 8.07 21 63-64 393 0 r n 1/ 3/29 20.5 34.6 8.07 21 64 394 0 ip n 1/ 3/29 20.6 34.6 8.12 21 64 395 50 r n 1/ 3/29 17.2 34.6 8.12 29 64 396 100 r n 1/ 3/29 15.8 34.5 8.10 32 64 398 0 ie p 1/ 3/29 20.6 34.6 8.12 21 64-65 401 0 oc n 1/ 3/29 20.6 34.6 8.12 21) 64-65 402 0 r n 1/ 4/29 20.6 34.6 8.12 21 64-65 403 0 oc n 1/ 4/29 20.6 34.6 8.12 21 64-65 404 0 r n 1/ 4/29 20.6 34.6 8.12 21) 65 405 0 r n 1/ 5/29 20.2 34.5 8.10 24 65 406 50 r n 1/ 5/29 16.5 34.5 8.10 25 65 408 0 x p 1/ 5/29 20.2 34.5 8.10 24 65 409 50 r p 1/ 5/29 16.5 34.5 8.10 25 66 411 0 rT n 1/ 7/29 19.4 34.7 8.10 29 66 413 0 r p 1/ 7/29 19.4 34.7 8.10 29 66 414 50 r p 1/ 7/29 17.8 34.8 8.10 29 67 416 0 oc n 1/ 8/29 19.3 34.9 8.11 21 68 419 0 r n 1/10/29 19.2 35.1 8.14 29 71 441 0 r p 2/ 6/29 23.5 35.2 8.13 58 73 452 100 oc n 2/10/29 14.7 35.0 7.80 178 74 456 0 oc n 2/12/29 24.2 35.6 8.17 68 74 459 0 r p 2/12/29 24.2 35.6 8.17 68 75 462 0 r n 2/14/29 22.8 35.8 8.18 44 76 467 0 oc n 2/16/29 23.4 35.9 8.15 50 76 468 50 r n 2/16/29 22.1 35.9 8.14 42 76 469 100 r n 2/16/29 21.2 35.8 8.12 45 17 472 0 oc n 2/18/29 23.7 36.0 8.19 16 17 473 0 oc p 2/18/29 23.7 36.0 8.19 16 17 474 50 oc p 2/18/29 23.5 36.0 8.19 16 78 475 0 oc n 2/20/29 24.6 36.0 8.17 32 78 476 50 oc n 2/20/29 23.8 36.1 8.14 32 78 477 100 oc n 2/20/29 21.9 36.2 8.14 34 78 478 0 oc p 2/20/29 24.6 36.0 8.17 32 78 479 50 oc p 2/20/29 23.8 36.1 8.14 32 79 482 50 oc n 2/22/29 24.5 36.1 8.17 34 719 483 100 oc n 2/22/29 21.8 36.2 8.13 45 80 486 0 oc n 2/24/29 26.0 35.9 8.20 36 80 488 0 oc p 2/24/29 26.0 35.9 8.20 36 80 489 50 oc p 2/24/29 25.9 36.0 8.19 29 80 490 100 re p 2/24/29 23.4 36.2 8.16 32 81 491 0 c n 2/26/29 26.5 35.8 8.19 38 81 492 50 oc n 2/26/29 26.4 35.9 8.19 38 81 493 0 r p 2/26/29 26.5 35.8 8.19 38 81 494 50 oc p 2/26/29 26.4 35.9 8.19 38 81 495 100 r p 2/26/29 23.6 36.2 8.18 36 82 496 0 c n 2/28/29 27.2 36.3 8.21 34 82 497 50 oc n 2/28/29 27.2 36.3 8.21 34 82 498 0 oc p 2/28/29 27.2 36.3 8.21 34 83 501 0 c n $/ 2/29 ° 27.5 36.3 8.24 29 83 502 50 c n 3/ 2/29 27.4 36.5 8.24 25 83 503 0 r p 3/ 2/29 27.5 36.3 8.24 29 83 504 50 r p 3/ 2/29 27.4 36.5 8.24 25 84 505 0 c n 3/ 4/29 27.8 36.2 8.23 24 84 506 50 @ n 3/ 4/29 27.5 36.4 8.21 24 84 507 0 oc Pp 3/ 4/29 27.8 36.2 8.23 24 84 508 50 oc p 3/ 4/29 27.5 36.4 8.21 24 85 510 0 c n 3/ 6/29 27.9 36.2 8.22 40 85 511 50 oc n 3/ 6/29 27.8 36.2 8.22 40 140 CERATIUM IN THE PACIFIC AND NORTH ATLANTIC OCEANS Table 46. Distributional and environmental records for Ceratium contrarium--Continued Depth Relative ae Dat Temperature | Salinity one ae Prema |More 85 512 85 513 50 86 515 0 86 516 0 86 517 50 86 519 50 87 521 0 87 522 50 87 523 0 87 524 50 87 525 100 88 526 0 89 528 0 89 529 50 89 530 0 89 532 0 90 533 0 90 534 50 90 535 0 90 536 50 91 540 0 91 541 50 91 542 0 91 543 50 92 545 0 92 546 50 92 548 50 92 549 100 a QiOwsCHEarohes oc a) fe Ma aN a) NG TAS VE Ta MMe NGI a Mae (eS ls Maes oe) OTs) MIM te M a MeN Wa lie We Mia Ti) le mckcMc momo me} aaa Oo Oo ooo i-*) ee TRF SE SVUFSHSVUSFSSVSS SUA SVUS HS VUS AS VUF SS SVU AB SVA SD SVUVC ABU UA SUPA SSUES ABD AA see Ue Boss ss 3/ 6/29 3/ 6/29 3/ 8/29 3/ 9/29 3/ 9/29 3/ 9/29 3/11/29 3/11/29 3/11/29 3/11/29 3/11/29 3/21/29 3/23/29 3/23/29 3/23/29 3/23/29 3/25/29 3/25/29 3/25/29 3/25/29 3/27/29 3/27/29 3/27/29 3/27/29 3/29/29 3/29/29 3/29/29 3/29/29 7/31/29 3/31/29 3/31/29 3/31/29 4/22/29 4/22/29 4/22/29 4/22/29 4/24/29 4/24/29 4/24/29 4/24/29 4/25/29 4/26/29 4/26/29 4/26/29 4/26/29 4/26/29 4/28/29 4/28/29 4/28/29 4/28/29 4/28/29 5/11/29 PO4 mg/m3 36.2 8.22 40 36.2 8.22 40 36.2 8.29 20) 36.2 8.29 20 36.2 8.29 o 36.2 8.29 17 36.1 8.28 17 36.1 8.26 20 36.1 8.28 17 36.1 8.26 20 36.0 8.23 20 35.9 8.23 16 35.6 8.25 21 35.8 8.27 12 35.6 8.25 21 35.6 8.25 21) 35.5 8.27 21 35.6 8.26 21 35.5 8.27 21 35.6 8.26 21 35.1 8.30 21 35.2 8.30 24 35.1 8.30 21 35.2 8.30 24 35.3 8.29 28 35.4 8.29 28 35.4 8.29 28 36.0 8.28 28 34.7 8.30 28 olan onc Co Co co CO 00 OO CO CO Table 46. Distributional and environmental records for Ceratium contrarium--Continued APPENDIX 141 103 619 104 621 eo 104 622 50 104 623 100 104 624 0 104 625 50 105 627 50 105 630 0 105 631 50 106 633 0 106 634 50 106 635 100 106 637 50 106 638 100 107 639 0 107 640 50 107 641 100 107 642 0 107 643 50 107 644 100 107 645 50 108 646 0 108 647 50 108 648 100 ie wu ee a-] coc wc _ Oo ooooocoococo°ce ooo co : Se ~ 132 798 50 ° os MaWin Ma WG) Acie Mende wey eS edeytaihe: TS PSUVVIFSSVSSSVUFSSVUVVU SSS SS SVS SS SVU SS SVU SSAA SCADA SUD AS SDVUVUU AA DU UA A aU Uso UBS 5/11/29 5/13/29 5/13/29 5/13/29 5/13/29 5/13/29 5/15/29 5/15/29 5/15/29 5/17/29 5/17/29 5/17/29 5/17/29 5/17/29 5/19/29 5/19/29 5/19/29 5/19/29 5/19/29 5/19/29 5/19/29 5/27/29 5/27/29 5/27/29 5/27/29 5/27/29 5/ _/29 5/29/29 5/29/29 5/29/29 5/29/29 5/31/29 6/ 3/29 6/ 5/29 6/ 5/29 6/ 5/29 6/ 5/29 6/ 5/29 6/25/29 6/25/29 6/25/29 6/25/29 6/25/29 6/27/29 7/25/29 7/25/29 9/14/29 25.8 26.1 25.8 25.3 26.1 25.8 26.8 26.9 26.8 27.2 27.0 25.6 27.0 25.6 _ _ COMNOMAMNI~AIoOTIIN-IwWcws:. PLLA LE ROY Raja sIa0 AAIMNANMAMAH OI-7~1-1-) 142 CERATIUM IN THE PACIFIC AND NORTH ATLANTIC OCEANS Table 46. Distributional and environmental records for Ceratium contrarium --Continued Depth Relative Appa- Temperature | Salinity PO4 Station Sample D abundance | ratus| "°° i) (0/00) mg/m$ sy 135 825 r n 9/14/29 21.5 35.0 8.37 5 136 827 oc n 9/16/29 24.6 35.4 8.37 3 136 828 50 c n 9/16/29 21.4 35.1 8.39 3 136 829 100 c n 9/16/29 18.6 35.0 8.39 3 136 832 0 r p 9/16/29 24.6 35.4 8.37 3 136 833 50 1p p 9/16/29 18.6 35.0 8.39 3 137 836 0 c n 9/18/29 25.5 35.0 8.39 4 137 837 50 c n 9/18/29 24.4 35.1 8.34 4 137 838 100 c n 9/18/29 21.5 35.1 8.30 5 137 840 50 r p 9/18/29 24.4 35.1 8.34 4 137 841 50 r p 9/18/29 24.4 35.1 8.34 4 137 842 100 r p 9/18/29 21.5 35.1 8.30 5 138 843 c n 9/20/29 26.1 34.8 8.35 5 138 844 50 c n 9/20/29 25.6 34.7 8.30 3 138 845 100 c n 9/20/29 22.2 34.8 8.31 3 138 847 0 r p 9/20/29 25.6 34.7 8.30 3 138 848 50 r p 9/20/29 25.6 34.7 8.30 3 139 849 0 oc n 9/22/29 26.7 34.8 8.34 6 139 850 50 c n 9/22/29 25.8 34.9 8.31 6 139 854 50 Q p 9/22/29 25.8 34.9 8.31 6 140 856 0 c n 10/ 3/29 26.9 35.0 8.42 7 140 857 50 c n 10/ 3/29 26.9 35.0 8.39 7 140 858 100 c n 10/ 3/29 25.5 35.0 8.34 7 140 860 0 r p 10/ 3/29 26.9 35.0 8.42 7 140 862 100 r p 10/ 3/29 25.5 35.0 8.34 7 140 863 100 r p 10/ 3/29 25.5 35.0 8.34 7 141 864 0 c n 10/ 5/29 25.9 35.2 8.34 5 141 865 50 c n 10/ 5/29 24.8 35.3 8.34 5 141 869 50 r p 10/ 5/29 24.8 35.3 8.34 5 141 870 50 oc p 10/ 5/29 24.8 35.3 8.34 5 141 871 100 r p 10/ 5/29 20.0 35.0 8.33 5 143 872 0 c n 10/ 7/29 24.1 34.8 8.33 5 142 873 50 c n 10/ 7/29 21.8 34.8 8.30 5 142 874 100 c n 10/ 7/29 16.6 34.4 8.27 u 142 876 0 oc p 10/ 7/29 24.1 34.8 8.33 5 143 881 0 c n 10/ 9/29 22.4 34.4 8.30 6 143 882 50 oc n 10/ 9/29 19.0 34.2 8.34 6 143 883 100 c n 10/ 9/29 22.4 34.4 8.30 6 143 884 0 r p 10/ 9/29 22.4 34.4 8.30 6 143 885 50 r p 10/ 9/29 19.0 34.2 8.34 6 144 886 0 c n 10/11/29 23.3 35.0 8.37 6 144 887 0 r p 10/11/29 23.3 35.0 8.37 6 144 888 50 r p 10/11/29 21.1 34.7 8.33 6 145 890 0 c n 10/13/29 22.3 * 34.6 8.29 6 145 891 50 c n 10/13/29 18.7 34.3 8.34 6 145 892 100 c n 10/13/29 16.0 34.1 8.31 6 145 893 oc p 10/13/29 22.3 34.6 8.29 6 145 894 50 oc p 10/13/29 18.7 34.3 8.34 6 145 895 100 r p 10/13/29 16.0 34.1 8.31 6 146 896 0 c n 10/15/29 22.4 34.9 8.37 6 146 897 50 oc n 10/15/29 22.4 34.9 8.30 6 146 898 100 c n 10/15/29 19.7 34.3 8.26 u 146 900 i p 10/15/29 22.4 34.9 8.37 6 146 901 50 r p 10/15/29 22.4 34.9 8.30 6 146 902 100 r p 10/15/29 19.7 34.3 8.26 x 147 903 0 oc n 10/15/29 23.3 35.3 8.26 8 147 904 50 oc n 10/17/29 23.1 35.3 8.29 5 147 905 100 oc n 10/17/29 19.2 35.0 8.29 5 147 907 0 oc p 10/17/29 23.3 35.3 8.26 8 147 908 50 oc p 10/17/29 23.1 35.3 8.29 5 147 909 100 r p 10/17/29 19.2 35.0 8.29 5 148 910 0 oc n 10/19/29 23.4 SOsai WBeacen wee 148 911 50 oc n 10/19/29 23.0 SOl1) heeene as 148 912 100 oc n 10/19/29 20.0 SEH Shree «es 149 920 0 c n 10/19/29 20.0 SOO) | Mecees wes 149 921 50 c n 10/21/29 23.3 35.0 8.37 6 149 922 100 c n 10/21/29 20.3 34.9 8.38 6 149 927 0 r p 10/21/29 23.5 35.0 8.34 6 150 929 0 c n 10/23/29 25.6 34.7 8.39 7 150 930 50 r p 10/23/29 22.8 34.8 8.35 10 150 931 100 oc n 10/23/29 19.6 34.6 8.32 11 150 933 0 r p 10/23/29 25.6 34.7 8.39 7 150 934 50 r p 10/23/29 22.8 34.8 8.35 10° 150 935 100 r p 10/23/29 19.6 34.6 8.32 11 151 937 0 oc n 10/26/29 26.0 400) eeees ae 151 938 50 oc n 10/26/29 18.3 34.4 vases : APPENDIX Table 46. Distributional and environmental records for Ceratium contrarium--Concluded 151 939 c n 10/26/29 12.5 34.6 151 941 r p 10/26/29 26.0 34.0 151 942 50 r p 10/26/29 18.3 34.4 152 944 0 r n 10/27/29 27.4 33.7 152 946 100 r n 10/27/29 11.4 34.7 152 948 0 r p 10/27/29 27.4 33.7 153 951 0 r n 10/29/29 28.1 34.2 153 952 50 oc n 10/29/29 28.1 34.4 153 953 100 r n 10/29/29 20.5 34.7 153 956 50 r p 10/29/29 28.1 34.4 155 965 0 r n 11/ 2/29 27.8 34.9 157 978 0 oc n 11/ 6/29 27.1 35.3 158 983 0 c n 11/ 8/29 28.2 35.6 158 984 50 c n 11/ 8/29 28.2 35.6 158 985 100 c n 11/ 8/29 27.6 35.9 159 990 0 c n 11/11/29 28.6 35.7 159 991 50 c n 11/11/29 28.5 35.7 159 992 100 oc n 11/11/29 28.0 35.7 160 1000 0 oc n 11/13/29 28.6 35.6 160 1002 50 c n 11/13/29 28.6 35.6 160 1003 100 oc n 11/13/29 28.5 35.7 Station | Sample | Depth (m) Wm Co Go Co Co Go C9 09 0 19 1 GC ID Co PO 1 GO OT-TOTOOR-1OODMOIIOHH Table 47. Distributional and environmental records for Ceratium trichoceros Relative abundance oc aa be EN Bet Cbtel be Mah ad hs) Appa- Temperature ratus (°C) TUF SVVSFSVVASFASVUVOAVSSVUSV SV AS SUVS HP SVU ee A ae ea sess Ss _ _ ~ a CT CCS OR OS CS Te PERE RCRS CRO CHR RE SRL OA a sleminefe tee ante iascte DECC SSS ICSC COS CERES TCE CIR TCD RE ENTRANTS 2 AMT TOE FEE TSE TEE PORE TR SSP a oC 6 uP 8" 8 cle ee awake niece cin) a.< ee amin ia mentendarial sy aitie erdiacsie) a, tmote ste niece Sere: vee eee 5/12/28 5/16/28 5/16/28 5/16/28 5/18/28 5/18/28 8/ 8/28 8/ 8/28 8/ 9/28 8/ 9/28 8/ 9/28 8/13/28 8/13/28 8/13/28 8/13/28 8/15/28 8/17/28 8/17/28 8/17/28 8/20/28 11/27/28 Salinity (0/00) 36.2 36.3 36.4 35.5 36.4 36.4 8.16 8.20 8.21 8.18 8.21 PO4 mg/m3 oo COD Oe PO DODD OO C9 69 010101 01 1 DD CO CO CO CO. 143 Depth Relative Appa- Temperature Salinity PO4 1 o 144 CERATIUM IN THE PACIFIC AND NORTH ATLANTIC OCEANS Table 47. Distributional and environmental records for Ceratium trichoceros--Continued : Depth Relative Appa- Temperature | Salinity PO, Stat Sample 4 3 abundance ratus ea (°C) (0/00) mg/m3 oc 50 286 100 n 11/29/28 20.5 35.7 8.22 13 50 288 50 oc p 11/29/28 22.0 35.9 8.23 13 52 300 50 oc n 12/ 3/28 20.2 35.6 8.20 8 52 301 100 oc n? 127 3/28 18.2 35.2 8.17 8 53 303 0 r n 12/ 5/28 22.6 35:7 8.22 13 53 304 50 oc n 12/ 5/28 Pil PA 35.8 8.20 13 53 305 100 oc mie 2/5728 19.9 35.6 8.19 13 53 306 0 r p 22/5/28 22.6 35.7 8.22 13 53-54 307 0 r n 12/ 6/28 23.0 35.6 8.22 11 53-54 308 0 oc n 12/ 6/28 23.0 35.6 8.22 11 53-54 310 0 oc n 12/10/28 23.0 35.6 8.22 11 53-54 311 0 oc n 12/10/28 23.0 35.6 8.22 11 53-54 313 0 r n 12/10/28 23.0 35.6 8.22 11 53-54 317 0 r n 12/12/28 23.0 35.6 8.22 11 56 330 100 oc n 12/18/28 16.6 34.8 8.11 12 57 340 100 r p 12/20/28 14.3 34.4 8.10 40 64 396 100 oc n 1/ 3/29 15.8 34.5 8.10 32 66 414 50 oc p 1/ 7/29 17.8 34.8 8.10 29 66 415 100 Tr p 1/ 7/29 17.8 34.9 8.12 21 67 416 0 oc n 1/ 8/29 19.3 34.9 8.11 21 67 418 100 n n 1/ 8/29 16.2 34.6 8.05 40 69 425 50 r n 1/12/29 17.4 35.1 7.99 151 75 466 50 ir p 2/14/29 20.0 35.5 8.14 46 76 471 50 r p 2/16/29 221 35.9 8.14 42 78 476 50 r n 2/20/29 23.8 36.1 8.14 32 78 477 100 r n 2/20/29 21.9 36.2 8.14 34 78 479 50 r p 2/20/29 23.8 36.1 8.14 32 81 491 0 oc n 2/26/29 26.5 35.8 8.19 38 81 492 50 oc n 2/26/29 26.4 35.9 8.19 38 81 493 0 r p 2/26/29 26.5 35.8 8.19 38 81 494 50 ie p 2/26/29 26.4 35.9 8.19 38 82 497 50 r n 2/28/29 27.2 36.3 8.21 34 82 500 100 oc p 2/28/29 24.4 36.5 8.19 34 89 531 100 ve p 3/23/29 26.4 36.0 8.24 12 91 544 100 r p 3/21/29 25.8 36.0 8.25 30 92 549 100 i p 3/29/29 26.2 36.0 8.28 28 93 551 50 oc n 3/31/29 28.5 34.8 8.30 28 93 552 0 rT p 3/31/29 28.7 34.7 8.30 28 Samoa 555 0 r n 4/S2729% GER. « Fe Mite, MRE et 94 558 50 r n 4/22/29 29.3 34.7 8.25 14 95 559 100 r n 4/22/29 28.5 35.6 8.21 25 94 561 50 r p 4/22/29 29.3 34.7 8.25 14 95 563 50 oc n 4/24/29 29.3 34.9 8.24 16 95 566 50 r p 4/24/29 29.3 34.9 8.24 16 95 567 100 r p 4/24/29 28.5 35.4 8.22 21 95 568A ve n 4/25/29 (29.4 34.7 8.26 14) 96 568 0 c n 4/26/29 29.3 35.3 8.23 12 96 569 50 c n 4/26/29 29.2 So:3 8.23 12 96 570 100 oc n 4/26/29 28.2 chee) 8.19 25 96 571 0 r p 4/26/29 29.3 35.3 8.23 12 96 572 50 r p 4/26/29 29.2 35.3 8.23 12 96 573 100 r p 4/26/29 28.2 35.7 8.19 25 97 575 50 c n 4/28/29 28.0 35.4 8.16 21 97 577 0 r p 4/28/29 28.3 35.2 8.16 24 97 578 50 oc p 4/28/29 28.0 35.4 8.16 21 98 581 0 oc n 4/30/29 27.0 35.3 8.16 24 98 584 0 oc p 4/30/29 27.0 35.3 8.16 24 99 589 0 oc n 5/ 2/29 27.9 34.9 8.21 12 99 590 50 c n 5/ 2/29 27.8 34.9 8.22 12 99 591 100 c n 5/ 2/29 27.8 35.0 8.22 1% 99 592 0 oc p 5/ 2/29 27.9 34.9 8.21 12 99 594 100 r p 5/ 2/29 27.8 35.0 8.22 17 99 595 0 c n 5/ 2/29 27.9 34.9 8.21 12 100 596 50 c n 5/ 4/29 27.6 34.7 8.21 10 100 597 100 oc n 5/ 4/29 27.6 34.7 8.22 12 100 598 0 oc p 5/ 4/29 ae 34.7 8.21 10 100 599 50 oc p 5/ 4/29 27.6 34.7 8.21 10 100 602 100 oc p 5/ 4/29 27.6 34.7 8.22 12 101 605 100 r n 5/ 7/29 ore 35.1 8.23 8 103 617 100 r n 5/11/22 24.8 35.2 8.25 5 104 623 100 r n 5/13/29 2523 35.3 8.21 if 105 629 100 oc n 5/15/29 26.2 sbyal 8.23 5 106 635 100 oc n 5/17/29 25.6 35.1 8.23 5 107 642 0 r p 5/19/29 28.0 34.4 8.23 5 109 656 100 oc n 5/29/29 19.4 34.8 8.18 5 110 665 50 r p 5/31/29 18.4 34.8 8.16 7 APPENDIX 145 Table 47. Distributional and environmental records for Ceratium trichoceros--Concluded Appa- Temperature Salinity ratus (CG) (0/00) PO4 Depth Relative 111 668 0 oc n 6/ 3/29 20.1 34.5 8.18 5 111 670 100 zy n 6/ 37/29 18.2 34.7 8.13 13 112 674 0 oc n 6/ 5/29 23.2 34.6 8.22 7 112 675 50 oc n 6/ 5/29 21.7 34.6 8.23 7 112 676 100 oc n 6/ 5/29 19.8 34.7 8.20 8 113 680 0 c n 6/25/29 24.2 34.5 8.25 5 113 682 100 oc n 6/25/29 ales 34.7 8,23 8 113 683 0 oc p 6/25/29 24.2 34.5 8.25 5 113 684 50 r p 6/25/29 23.8 34.6 8.25 5 113 685 100 r p 6/25/29 21.5 34.7 8.23 8 131 793 0 7 p 9/ 6/29 19.3 33.4 8.34 cb 132 799 100 r n 9/ 8/29 14.3 33.4 8.30 16 133 806 100 r n 9/10/29 18.4 34.8 8.31 7 133 814 100 r p 9/10/29 18.4 34.8 8.31 i 134 810 100 r n 9/12/29 18.1 34.6 8.34 6 134 817 100 7 p 9/12/29 18.1 34.6 8.34 6 135 822 100 oc n 9/14/29 18.7 34.8 8.34 5 136 829 100 ry n 9/16/29 18.6 35.0 8.39 3 137 837 50 r p 9/18/29 24.4 35.1 8.34 4 138 845 100 r n 9/20/29 22.2 34.8 8.31 3 139 850 50 r n 2/22/29 25.8 34.9 8.31 6 139 851 100 r n 2/22/29 22.4 35.2 8.28 6 140 858 100 r n 10/ 3/29 25.5 35.0 8.34 7 140 862 100 r p 10/ 3/29 25.5 35.0 8.34 ti 141 871 100 r p 10/ 5/29 20.0 35.0 8.33 5 142 874 100 c n 10/ 7/29 16.6 34.4 8.27 7 142 878 100 r p 10/ 7/29 16.6 34.4 8.27 7 142 879 100 9 pie 10/07/29 16.6 34.4 8.27 tf 144 888 50 oc p 10/11/29 21.1 34.7 8.33 6 145 891 50 r n 10/13/29 18.7 34.3 8.34 6 146 898 100 t n 10/15/29 19.7 34.3 8.26 rf 147 905 100 oc n 10/17/29 19.2 35.0 8.29 5 150 930 50 oc n 10/23/29 22.8 34.8 8.35 10 150 931 100 r, n 10/23/29 19.6 34.6 8.32 ipl 151 937 0 r n 10/26/29 26.0 3410) secee ao 151 938 50 t p 10/26/29 18.3 S404) | suse O00 153 951 0 oc n 10/29/29 28.1 34.2 8.47 7 153 952 50 © n 10/29/29 28.1 34.4 8.39 7 153 953 100 oc n 10/29/29 20.5 34.7 8.28 31 153 955 0 r p 10/29/29 28.1 34.4 8.39 Ul 154 958 0 c n 10/31/29 28.3 34.2 8.39 7 154 959 50 c n 10/31/29 28.2 34.2 8.40 7 155 965 0 r n= 11/ 2/29 27.8 34.9 8.29 29 155 966 50 c n= 11/ 2/29 27.7 34.9 8.30 30 155 967 100 oc Nie 0/2729 At fer} 35.0 8.30 35 156 972 0 oc n 11/ 4/29 27.6 35.0 8.34 28 156 973 50 oc n 11/ 4/29 27.0 35.1 8.37 46 156 974 100 oc n 11/ 4/29 26.4 35.1 8.30 48 157 978 0 c n 11/ 6/29 rtieal 35.3 8.27 47 157 980 100 c n 11/ 6/29 26.8 35.3 8.30 64 158 983 0 a n 11/ 8/29 28.2 35.6 8.34 36 158 984 50 c Nie l/s 8/20 28.2 35.6 8.39 50 158 985 100 c nme 11/98/29 27.6 35.9 8.39 48 159 990 0 c n 11/11/29 28.6 35.7 8.37 15 159 991 50 c n 11/11/29 28.5 35.7 8.39 15 159 992 100 oc n 11/11/29 28.0 35.7 8.37 23 160 1000 0 oc n 11/13/29 28.6 35.6 8.37 12 160 1002 50 c n 11/13/29 28.6 35.6 8.39 15 160 1003 100 oc n 11/13/29 28.5 35.7 8.44 16 146 CERATIUM IN THE PACIFIC AND NORTH ATLANTIC OCEANS Table 48. Distributional and environmental records for Ceratium vultur Depth Salinity PO, S 1 eves) | [mers 1 0 34 1 oc n 5/12/28 24.0 36.2 8.16 v,t, p 1b 6 0 c n 5/18/28 = (22.2 36:3!» 8.202 <4") liad. p 2 13 100 r -n 5/18/28 19.8 36:4.=: 6.218) «53.08 byap 2 15 0 r n ‘5/18/28 20.5 36:4.) 18.952). -58enit p 13a 89 0 r rip 8/19/28). . (21.2 35100) S.18h— LAN) Gitw 15 98 50 r p 8/11/28 + 19.8 36.5 8.21 8 p 15 99 100 r p 8/11/28 18.4 $6947; 18.20% 19.8 00ip 15 100 0 r n 8/11/28 24.8 96:4. 9 °B:290 0 SA tery 15 101 50 r n 8/11/28 19.8 36.5 8.21 S26 p 15 102 100 oc n 8/11/28 18.4 3614: ¢ 8:2005 019 ie py, v 16 104 50 r p 8/13/28 24.4 36.4 8.23 8 (Get 16 106 0 r n 8/13/28 25.9 36.2 8.24 8 Seay. 16 107 50 oc n 8/13/28 25.9 $6321 8.28 8° 280ip.v 16 108 100 r n 8/13/28 19.9 36:51 3.078 713 fen 17 111 0 r n 8/15/28 26.2 36.6 8.29 9 Vv 17 112 50 r n 8/15/28 21.9 36.6 8.28 12 p 17 113 100 r n 8/15/28 19.3 36.5 8.23 9 fop 18 116 100 r p 8/17/28 20.4 36.8 8.21 5 Ber pS 18 117 0 oc n 8/17/28 27.0 37.0 8.23 5 Ten, 18 118 50 oc n 8/17/28 22.4 36.8 8.24 5 ebiip:y 18 119 100 r n 8/17/28 20.4 36.8 8.21 5 obey 19 120 0 r p 8/20/28 26.6 37.0 8.34 5 ov 19 121 50 r p 8/20/28 25.2 37.1 8.27 & abe’ 19 122 0 oc n 8/20/28 26.6 37.0 8.34 5 alegd 19 123 50 r n 8/20/28 25.2 37.1 8.27 5) a0: 19 124 100 oc n 8/20/28 22.4 37.0 8.25 5 tery § 20 125 0 r p 8/22/28 26.0 36.6 8.37 5 Site, 20 126 50 r p 8/22/28 25.8 36.6 8.26 $: Gogtecy 20 128 0 oc n 8/22/28 26.0 36.6 8.37 5 Oy 20 129 50 r n 8/22/28 25.8 36.6 8.26 3265p, ¥ 130 100 oc n 8/22/28 22.6 36.7 8.19 5 AbkD, 3 20-21 131 0 r n 8/24/28 (26.6 36.3 8.32 4) rv 21 132 r p 8/24/28 26.6 36.3 8.32 4 Omev 21 134 100 5 p 8/24/28 25.2 37.1 8.27 5 DAH 21 135 0 c n 8/24/28 26.6 S60. «8:82 4 = ¥ 21 136 50 r n 8/24/28 24.4 6:2) ye (8L28 4 TabY 21 137 100 r n 8/27/28 21.0 36.8 8.20 1 sey 22 139 0 oc p 8/27/28 26.7 36.0 8.26 3 seat 22 141 100 r p 8/27/28 17.5 $6.0 7.992 123 chiv 22 142 0 c n 8/27/28 26.7 36.0 8.26 8 oy 22 143 50 r n 8/29/28 24.5 36.2 8.21 9: RaIE xy, 22 144 100 r n 8/29/28 °° 17.5 36it = -7.90'R, 423° pat: ¥ 23 145 r p 8/29/28 27.2 35.9 8.25 4 art 23 148 0 oc n 8/29/28 27.2 35.9 8.25 4 Sart 23 149 50 r n 8/29/28 20.9 S610); 8.142 613 Beat 23 150 100 r n 8/29/28 16.6 36.0 8.18 75 r,j 24 155 50 r n 8/31/28 23.1 36.0 8.14 8 oaer 24 156 100 r n 8/31/28 15.6 35:61) 7:96) 99 gary 25 157 0 r p 9/ 3/28 27.5 35.6 8.31 5 Tart 25 160 0 oc n 9/ 3/28 27.5 35.6 8.31 5 Mart 25 161 50 r n 8/24/28 21.5 36:0 <1 (8.22 51?) aastor 25 162 100 r n 8/24/28 14.6 35.7% “7.0Se, 22k jart 26 163 0 r p 9/ 5/28 27.6 36.0 8.30 5: pest 26 164 50 : p 9/ 5/28 24.1 36.1 8.21 5 drone 26 165 100 . p 9/ 5/28 14.9 S5.6r | Bidiltc $40) pggt 26 166 0 c n 9/ 5/28 27.6 36.0 8.30 5 gxyt 27 171 50 r n 9/ 7/28 26.0 36.2 8.30 A cent 27 172 100 oc n 9/ 7/28 17.7 6:0) © 8.0985 746. mast, j 28 174 50 r p 9/11/28 26.7 36.3 8.26 a dct 28 176 0 oc n 9/11/28 27.6 36.3 8.29 fat 28 177 50 oc n 9/11/28 26.7 36.3 8.26 4 yieeyed 28 178 100 oc n 9/11/28 22.8 36.6 8.22 Ie) At aoe 29 179 0 r p 9/13/28 27.6 $6.2) 62 16-91 Si. att 29 181 100 r p 9/13/28 23.1 36.6 8.21 8 or 29 182 0 r n 9/13/28 27.6 36.3094 6:31 Si ee 29 183 50 r n 9/13/28 27.2 36.2 8.29 S44 29 184 100 r n ‘9/13/28 23.1 36.6 8.21 ee 30 188 0 c n 9/15/28 28.0 36.1 8.30 ee yeh 30 189 50 : n 9/15/28 27.8 36.1 8.29 Siete 30 190 100 r n 9/15/28 24.1 36:4). 18:10") 1120) Beavad 31 191 0 oc n 10/ 3/28 28.5 34.4 8.27 hp outa 32 194 0 r n 10/ 5/28 28.0 36.0 8.23 Bra tev 32 195 50 r n 10/ 5/28 27.2 36.0 8.24 ost 32 196 100 oc n 10/ 5/28 22.2 36.4 810 30 t 33 197A 0 r p 10/ 8/28 28.5 35.6 8.23 4. ant 33 198 50 r n 10/ 8/28 28.2 36.2 8.24 te ait APPENDIX 147 Table 48. Distributional and environmental records for Ceratium vultur --Continued 34 200 n 10/ 9/28 28.5 35.9 8.28 t 34 201 100 ae n 10/ 9/28 20.5 Teche: vas r 34 202 50 r n 10/ 9/28 25.0 36.5 8.21 3 r,t 35 203 0 oc n 10/26/28 27.4 29.7 8.31 15 nt 35 204 50 r n 10/26/28 16.8 $4.7 7.92. 138 nt, p 35 205 100 r n 10/26/28 14.4 34.9 7.88 189 nt, v 35 206 0 oc p 10/26/28 27.4 297 8.81 615 nt 35a 208 0 oc n 10/26/28 gr. 4 207, MWsi3h (15 nt 35-36 209 0 oc n 10/26/28 28.0 32.2 8.29 85 nt 35-36 212 0 oc n 10/26/28 (28.0 $2.2 cai29 685 nt 36 214 50 r n 10/30/28 18.5 34.5 8.03 122 m 37 217 0 r n 11/ 1/28 27.1 31.7) MB28 £15 nt 37 218 50 oc n 11/ 1/28 18.8 345 G00 121 nt 37 219 100 r n 11/ 1/28 15.1 34.9 7.82 153 nt 37 221 50 r p 11/ 1/28 18.8 34.5 8.00 121 p, V 38 223 50 r n 11/ 3/28 21.3 34.4 8.14 35 nt 39 226 50 r n 11/ 6/28 16.3 34.6 7.92 48 nt 39 227 100 r n 11/ 6/28 14.0 35.0 7.88 181 nt 40 230 50 r n 11/ 8/28 15.3 34.9 7.87 161 nt; ? 40 232 0 r p 11/ 8/28 22.2 $3.7 ““ai2at) ize nt 40 233 50 r p 11/ 8/28 15.3 34.9 7.87 161 nt 41 237 100 r n 11/10/28 14.5 35.0 7.91 152 nt 41 239 100 r p 11/10/28 14.5 35.0 7.91 152 nt 44 250 0 r n 11/17/28 20.7 34.9 8.03 38 v 44 252 100 r n 11/17/28 13.8 35.0 7.85 70 v 45 256 0 r n 11/19/28 22.4 95.3. 08.12. gs nt 45 257 50 r n 11/19/28 22.4 35.2 8.13 46 nt 45 258 100 r n 11/19/28 18.6 — 35.1 8.00 50 nt 45 259 r p 11/19/28 22.4 35.2 0.8.3 eee v 47 266 0 r n 11/23/28 23.9 36.0 8.23 17 m 47 267 50 r n 11/23/28 23.8 36.0 8:23 20 m 47 268 100 o¢ n 11/23/28 22.7 36:2; 08:23) Si0 m 47 269 0 r p 11/23/28 23.9 36.0. 8.23 2% m 48 274 0 r p 11/25/28 23.6 36.4 8i23' ents v 50 284 0 r n 11/29/28 23.2 36.0 8.23 13 v 51 295 100 : n 12/ 1/28 20.0 35.6 8.22 17 nt, p 52 300 50 r n 12/ 3/28 20.2 35.6 8.20 8 p 52 301 100 r n 12/ 3/28 18.2 35.2 8.17 8 p 53 304 50 r n 12/ 5/28 21.2 35.8 8.20 13 p, j 53 305 100 r n 12/ 5/28 19.9 35.6 8.19 13 p, j 53-54 307 r n 12/ 6/28 23.0 35.6 8.22 1 j 53-54 308 0 r n 12/ 6/28 23.0 35.0 | 8:22" vad j 53-54 317 0 r n 12/12/28 23.0 95.0) 9 8.22) a j 54 321 100 r n 12/14/28 18.7 35.4 8.16 20 j 55 324 50 r n 12/16/28 18.7 35.0 8.18 12 p 56 330 100 r n 12/18/28 16.6 34:8. (RO gee p, nt 56-57 334 0 r n 12/18/28 (20.0 34.6 8.13 145) nt 337 100 r n 12/20/28 14.3 34:4. 680) a0 p 66 415 100 r p 1/7/29 17.8 $4.9 “842 et p 85 510 0 r n 3/ 6/29 27.9 $6.2 8i22 #40 t 86 517 50 r n 3/ 9/29 27.4 36:2) 8.25 BAT t 87 521 0 oc n 3/11/29 27.8 S6.1- ©8128) Taz t 87 522 50 r n 3/11/29 26.5 36.1 8.26 20 t 88 526 0 oc n 3/21/29 28.5 35.9 8.23 16 t 88 527 50 oc n 3/21/29 28.4 35.9 8.25 13 t 89 528 0 r n 3/23/29 28.4 35.6 8.25 21 t 89 529 50 r n 3/23/29 28.6 35.8 8.27 12 t, Vv 89 530 0 r p 3/23/29 28.4 35.6 8.25 21 t 89 532 0 r n 3/25/29 (28.4 35.5 8.26 21) t 90 533 0 oc n 3/25/29 28.5 5.5), | gi2t- 3/21 t, Vv 90 534 50 r n 3/25/29 28.6 35.6 8.26 21 t 90 535 0 r p 3/25/29 28.5 35.5 8.27 21 t, j 91 540 0 r n 3/27/29 28.7 95.1 cisiso | 21 j 91 541 50 oc n 3/27/29 28.5 35.2 8.30 24 t 91 542 0 r p 3/27/29 28.7 Sooty 26:30: }at t 91 543 50 r p 3/27/29 28.5 S52, ps0. 24 t 92 545 0 oc n 3/29/29 28.5 $5.5 Gibs “ ont 37 220 0 r p 11/ 1/28 27.1 S127.) Bogie: alo im 38 222 0 r n 11/ 3/28 26.5 $09" Aiss9y) $290.8 me 40 229 0 r n 11/ 8/28 22.2 $37, gadis me eidde. sare 40 231 100 r n 11/ 8/28 13.9 35.0 7.85 159 m 40 232 0 r p 11/ 8/28 22.2 $37). 8.21) 894) am 40 233 50 r p 11 8/28 15.3 34.97 Bias Cte mel 41 235 0 . n 11/10/28 20.4 34:3) BAM WSA 41a 240 0 ‘oc n 11/13/28 (19.5 34.4 8.09 38) h,m 42 241 0 r n 11/13/28 18.7 $4t)-\ 806. 450 on 42 243 100 r n 11/13/28 13.8 35.0 7.91 150 mh,h 43 245 50 ~ n 11/15/28 17.0 $4°9) 5 "090s | “80s en 43 246 100 r n 11/15/28 13.6 350 207907 92 ‘hi 43 247 r p 11/15/28 19.6 34.8 8.09 52 mh 44 250 0 r n 11/17/28 20.7 34:9 #808, S80) 44 251 50 r n 11/17/28 20.4 $49 «804 fgg | af 44 253 0 r p 11/17/28 20.7 34.98.05 ~38-—= hi 44 254 50 r p 11/17/28 20.4 94.9 804 , 84. mth 45 256 0 oc n 11/19/28 22.4 356° 48:12 4 38° on 45 257 50 oc n 11/19/28 22.4 35.2) 4849 % 46° cab 45 258 100 oc n 11/19/28 18.6 35.1 3.00 50 mh*h 45 260 50 r p 11/19/28 22.4 $592" G8-18. 246. lee 46 264 0 r p 11/21/28 23.3 $5.8" Weteu, g.S60 seh 46 265 50 r p 11/21/28 23.2 35:8 a@46 9:40! fh 47 266 0 r n 11/23/28 23.9 56.0. 4 B28 gett oh 47 267 50 r n 11/23/28 23.8 36.0 828 20 h 47 268 100 r n 11/23/28 22.7 36.2 m8ees « ac20 = uh 47 269 r p 11/23/28 23.9 $60. 929° th 47 270 50 r p 11/23/28 23.8 $60 4 8:23 i201 fc 61 364 50 c n 12/28/28 14.0 34.0 805 60 h 61 365 100 c n 12/28/28 10.8 $4.0. (803 9,80 oh 61 366 0 oc p 12/28/28 16.9 34.0 8.05 46 h 61 367 50 r p 12/28/28 14.0 34.0 8.05 60 h 62 372 50 r n 12/30/28 16.2 $43" 9 6:10) mead 9, 8 62 376 100 r p 12/30/28 13.1 34.2 8.06 48 kh 66 413 0 r p-1/ 7/29 19.4 $477 npBl0). gold) | ok 66 414 50 r p 1/7/29 17.8 $4.8 8.10 29 h 69 426 100 r n 1/12/29 14.6 34.8 7.86 198 h 69 429 100 r p ‘1/12/29 14.6 34.8 7.86 198 h 70 432 50 r n 1/13/29 15.4 35.0 7.88 178 h 70 433 100 oc n 1/13/29 12.6 4.810 7268) dae) cn 70 435 50 r p _-1/13/29 15.4 35.0 7.88 178 h 71 440 100 oc n _2/ 6/29 13.9 $5.0 7.71 220 h 72 444 50 r n _2/ 8/29 18.7 $5.4 812 .60 hk 72 445 100 oc n _2/ 8/29 14.8 35.0 7.94 154 h 72 447 50 r p 2/8/29 18.7 354 812 60 h 72 448 100 r p -2/ 8/29 14.8 35.0 7.94 154 h 73 454 50 r p 2/10/29 18.7 Sh4. 4e6.05> i220" oh 17 473 0 r p _—-2/18/29 23.7 36.0 - 819° 16 = oh 77 474 50 r p 2/18/29 23.5 36.0 819 16 c,h 78 479 50 r p 2/20/29 23.8 $6.1 814 $2 4c 81 491 0 r n 2/26/29 26.5 95.6 ) 819 4:38 hb 81 492 50 r n 2/26/29 26.4 $5.0 i819", 5.96 oh 81 493 0 r p _-2/26/29 26.5 95.8 7-78.10 An980) "oR 81 494 50 oc p 2/26/29 26.4 S520" 4 B10) aeSB ue oh 81 495 100 r p 2/26/29 23.6 6:2 ( \:@00 s..5900 9 93 553 100 r p 3/ 3/29 27.6 95.8 98.27.29 95 563 50 r n 4/24/29 29.3 $4.9 1p824 9160 oh 96 568 0 r n 4/25/29 29.3 55.9 pad.28: ecqiae 6h 96 569 50 oc n 4/26/29 29.2 36:34 mnd2otn la ek 96 570 100 P n 4/26/29 28.2 $5.2 «(6:89 9:25 coh 97 578 50 r p 4/28/29 28.0 35:4 -,846- 2 OR APPENDIX 151 Table 49. Distributional and environmental records for Ceratium horridum--Concluded 97 579 100 r p 4/28/29 27.6 35.6 8.15 25 h 98 581 0 oc n 4/30/29 27.0 35.3 8.16 24 h 98 584 0 r p 4/30/29 27.0 35.3 8.16 24 h 98 585 50 oc p 4/30/29 26.9 35.3 8.16 28 h 99 592 0 r p 5/ 2/29 27.8 35.0 8.22 17 mh 100 597 100 ie n 5/ 4/29 27.6 34.7 8.22 12 mh 111 668 0 r n 6/ 3/29 20.1 34.5 8.18 5 mh 113 684 50 i p 6/25/29 23.8 34.6 8.25 5 c 113 685 100 7 p 6/25/29 21.5 34.7 8.23 8 c 114 686 0 r n 6/27/29 19.9 34.3 8.15 7 m 114 690 50 oc p 6/27/29 16.2 34.6 8.04 63 m 126 766 100 rr p 7/21/29 6.4 32.7 8.01 100 h 127 769 100 oc n 7/23/29 8.2 32.8 8.00 72 h, mh 127 772 100 oc p 1/23/29 8.2 32.8 8.00 72 mh 130 783 100 c n 9/ 4/29 8.8 33.7 8.06 176 mh 130 784 100 oc p 9/ 4/29 8.8 33.7 8.06 176 m 135 822 100 r n 9/14/29 18.7 34.8 8.34 5 c 149 922 100 oc n 10/21/29 20.3 34.9 8.38 6 c 151 937 0 r n 10/26/29 26.0 S4LO renee aa c 151 938 50 r n 10/26/29 18.3 94a coe 004 c 151 939 100 c n 10/26/29 12.5 346i eaeeeee “196 c 152 945 50 c n 10/27/29 14.2 34.5 7.87 53 h,c 152 946 100 c n 10/27/29 11.4 34.7 7.76 75 h 152 947 100 r p 10/27/29 11.4 34.7 7.76 75 h 153 952 50 oc n 10/29/29 28.1 34.4 8.39 7 mh 153 953 100 r n 10/29/29 20.5 34.7 8.28 31 mh 157 978 0 r n 11/ 6/29 27.8 35.3 8.27 47 mh 157 979 50 oc n11/ 6/29 27.1 35.2 8.32 60 mh *Orc. Abbreviations: c=var. claviger; m=var. molle; h=var. horridum mh=intergrade between molle and horridum. Table 50. Distributional and environmental records for Ceratium tenue Temperature (°C) 14 r n 8/ 9/28 15.0 35.1 8.18 16 Lis th 15 97 30 r p 8/11/28 19.8 36.5 8.21 8 i 15 98 50 r p 8/11/28 19.8 36.5 8.21 8 t 15 99 100 r p 8/11/28 18.4 36.4 8.20 19 t 16 103 0 r p 8/13/28 25.9 36.2 8.24 8 i 17 110 50 oc p 8/15/28 21.9 36.6 8.24 12 i 18 114 oc p 8/17/28 27.0 37.0 8.23 5 i 18 116 100 oc p 8/17/28 20.4 36.8 8.21 5 i 18 118 50 oc n 8/17/28 22.4 36.8 8.24 5 i 18 119 100 oc n 8/17/28 20.4 36.8 8.21 5 i 19 120 0 oc p 8/20/28 26.6 37.0 8.34 5 i 19 121 50 oc p 8/20/28 25.2 37.1 8.27 5 i 19 123 50 oc n 8/20/28 25.2 37.1 8.27 5 i 19 124 100 c n 8/20/28 22.4 37.0 8.25 5 i 20 127 100 r p 8/22/28 22.6 36.7 8.19 5 i 20 129 50 oc n 8/22/28 25.8 36.6 8.26 3 i 20 130 100 c n 8/22/28 22.6 36.7 8.19 5 i 20-21 131 0 r n 8/24/28 (26.6 36.3 8.32 4) i 21 132 0 r p 8/24/28 26.6 36.3 8.32 4 t 21 136 50 r n 8/24/28 24.4 36.2 8.26 4 i 21 137 100 oc n 8/24/28 21.0 36.8 8.20 u t 22 140 50 ~ p 8/27/28 24.5 36.2 8.21 9 t 23 146: 50 oc ‘p 8/29/28 20.9 36.0 8.14 13 i 24 152 50 r p 8/31/28 23.1 36.0 8.14 8 i 25 161 50 r n 9/ 3/28 21.5 36.0 8.22 12 i 26 164 50 oc p 9/ 5/28 24.1 36.1 8.21 5 i 26 165 100 oc p 9/ 5/28 14.9 35.6 8.11 40 i 27 168 50 oc p 9/ 1/28 26.0 36.2 8.30 4 i 27 171 50 r n 9/ 1/28 26.0 36.2 8.30 4 t 30 186 50 oc p 9/15/28 27.8 36.1 8.29 3 i 30 190 100 r n 9/15/28 24.1 36.4 8.10 20 t 31 191 0 r n 10/ 3/28 28.5 34.4 8.27 2 i 31 192 50 r n 10/ 3/28 28.2 35.4 8.23 2 i 32 195 50 r n 10/ 5/28 27.2 36.0 8.24 2 i 32 196 100 oc n 10/ 5/28 22.2 36.4 8.10 30 i 34 201 100 oc n 10/ 9/28 20.5 36.6 8.16 16 t 34 202 50 oc n 10/ 9/28 25.0 36.5 8.21 3 i 152 CERATIUM IN THE PACIFIC AND NORTH ATLANTIC OCEANS Table 50. Distributional and environmental records for Ceratium tenue--Continued 37 221 p 11/ 1/28 18.8 34:5 OBL00)" Sak t,i 4la 240 0 oc n 11/13/28 (19.5 34.4 8.08 38) t 47 268 100 r n 11/23/28 aT 36-2 8.23; Map i 48 275 50 r p 11/25/28 23.6 36.4 8.24 16 i 48 276 100 oc p 11/25/28 22.7 36.3 8.26 16 i 49 277 0 r n 11/27/28 23.4 36:2). Ofp.aye Vins i 49 278 50 r n 11/27/28 22.6 36.1 - ° 8.26 S43 i 49 279 100 r n 11/27/28 21.6 35:9 “8.26 §43 i 49 281 50 oc p 11/27/28 22.6 36:1° e26 ” Ses i 49 282 100 oc p 11/27/28 21.6 35:9 0's.26). ois i 50 286 100 r n 11/29/28 20.5 35:7 vig.ea* Das t 50 288 50 oc p 11/29/28 22.0 35:9 el23- ” Sas i 50 289 100 oc p 11/29/28 20.5 35:7 8,22) Wang i 51 294 50 oc n 12/ 1/28 20.5 35:6 Oiplaa-" aay i 51 297 50 oc p 12/ 1/28 20.5 sae Uelea~ Galr i 51 298 100 oc p 12/ 1/28 20.0 35.6 8.22 °17 i 53 304 50 oc n 12/ 5/28 21.2 35.8 i120 «843 i 53 305 100 oc n 12/ 5/28 19.9 35.6. “8119 &48 i 53 306 0 r p 12/ 5/28 22.6 35.7. 98.22" fas i 53-54 308 0 r n 12/ 6/28 (23.0 35.6°' 98,29." Sun) i 55 324 50 oc n 12/16/28 18.7 3510 28.18 842 i 55 325 100 r n 12/16/28 18.7 35:0 08.18 én2 i 55 327 50 r p 12/16/28 18.7 3510" sits | Aue i 56 329 50 r n 12/18/28 18.5 35:1 Walaa 9 i 56 330 100 oc n 12/18/28 16.6 34:9) Og:40" |) ea2 i 56 331 0 r p 12/18/28 20.8 34.9 8.13 9 i 56 332 50 oc p 12/18/28 18.5 35.1 8.14 9 i 56 333 100 r p 12/18/28 16.6 34.8) 08:11" 812 i 57 339 50 oc p 12/20/28 15.6 34:35:58 81455 21 i 57 340 100 r p 12/20/28 14.3 34.4 8.10 40 i 60 359 0 r p 12/26/28 15.0 34.0 8.07 50 t 61 368 100 r p 12/28/28 10.8 34.0 8.03 80 t 61-62 369 0 r n 12/28/28 (16.9 34.0 8.05 46) t 63 380 50 r n 1/ 1/29 17.0 34.6 8.08 25 i 63 381 100 r n 1/11/29 15.6 34:6 8.08)" 24 i 63 383 50 oc p-'1/ 1/29 17.0 34.6 8.08 25 i 63 384 100 r p_1/ 1/29 15.6 34:6) | 8.08) binge i 64 395 50 r n 1/ 3/29 17.2 gare. \giaot! 99 i 64 396 100 r n 1/ 3/29 15.8 34.5 8.10 32 i 64 399 50 oc p_1/ 3/29 17.2 34:6) 68,12" 629 i 64 400 100 r p 1/ 3/29 15.8 34:5 08.10 732 i 65 406 50 oc n 1/ 5/29 16.5 34.5 8.10 25 i 65 407 100 r nn 1/ 5/29 14.8 34:3 Galion 054 i 65 408 r p_1/ 5/29 20.2 34.5 8.10 24 i 65 409 50 r p_1/ 5/29 16.5 34.5 66.10 25 i 65 410 100 r p 1/ 5/29 14.8 343°) 38.40 ' #34 i 66 412 100 r n 1/ 7/29 17.8 34.9 veji2" Wen i 67 416 0 oc n 1/ 8/29 19.3 $49 GB.T1) (821 i 67 418 100 r ie 1778729 16.2 34.6 8.05 40 i 68 419 0 r n 1/10/29 19.2 35.1 814 29 i 68 421 100 r n 1/10/29 16.5 34:39. 06.13) 184 i 68 422 0 r p 1/10/29 19.2 $5.1) || 08.14, fae i 715 464 100 oc n 2/14/29 17.8 35.4 8.00 75 i 76 469 100 r n 2/16/29 21.2 35.8 8.12 45 i 78 475 0 r n 2/20/29 24.6 36.0 °8.17 «32 i 78 476 50 r n 2/20/29 23.8 36.1 8.14 32 i 78 477 100 oc n 2/20/29 21.9 36.2 8.14 34 i 78 478 0 oc p 2/20/29 24.6 $6.0 | Get7)- G32 i 78 479 50 oc p 2/20/29 23.8 $6.1" 08,140) 032 i 78 480 100 oc p 2/20/29 21.9 36.2 8.14 34 i 79 482 50 oc n 2/22/29 24.5 36-1 | 36.17)" naa i 79 483 100 r n —- 2/22/29 21.8 $6.2 08.13 2 045 i 79 484 0 . p 2/22/29 25.2 36.0 98.17 s94 i 80 486 0 r n 2/24/29 26.0 35.9 8.20 36 i 80 488 0 oc p 2/24/29 26.0 35.9 8.20 36 i 80 490 100 oc p 2/24/29 23.4 $6.2 © Gene = 2 i 81 492 50 r n 2/26/29 26.4 35.9 8.19 38 i 81 493 0 oc p 2/26/29 26.5 35.8 8.19 38 i 81 495 100 r p 2/26/29 23.6 36.2 68.18 B86 i 82 496 0 r n 2/28/29 27.2 36.3 (8.21. 084 i 82 498 0 oc p 2/28/29 27.2 $6.5 08:24") 194 i 82 500 100 oc p 2/28/29 24.4 36.5 8.19 34 i 83 504 50 oc p 3/ 2/29 27.4 36.2 8.24 25 i 84 505 0 oc n 3/ 4/29 27.8 36.2 08128" 024 i 84 507 0 oc p 3/ 4/29 27.8 96:2 | 6gsas) > joa i 84 508 50 r p 3/ 4/29 27.5 364° 6.210" #94 i ne ear: Poa ae ae a 80 le J Ci Ae ECI in Ee APPENDIX 153 Table 50. Distributional and environmental records for Ceratium tenue--Continued Depth Relative Appa- Temperature | Salinity PO, ampl 4 pample abundance ratus Date (°C) (0/oo) mg/m3 aries Station 85 513 oc p 3/ 6/29 27.8 36.2 8.22 i 85 514 100 r p 3/ 6/29 25.2 36.3 8.23 42 i 86 515 0 r n 3/ 9/29 (28.3 36.2 8.29 20) i 86 518 0 r p 3/ 9/29 28.3 36.2 8.29 20 i 87 524 50 r p 3/11/29 26.5 36.1 8.26 20 i 87 525 100 r p 3/11/29 23.9 36.0 8.23 20 i 89 531 100 r p 3/23/29 26.4 36.0 8.24 12 i 91 544 100 oc p 3/27/29 25.8 36.0 8.25 30 i 92 546 50 r n 3/28/29 28.4 35.4 8.29 28 i 92 547 0 r p 3/29/29 28.5 35.3 8.29 28 i 92 549 100 oc p 3/29/29 26.2 36.0 8.28 28 i 93 552 0 r p 3/31/29 . 28.7 34.7 8.30 28 i 93 553 100 oc p 3/31/29 27.6 35.8 8.27 29 i 94 559 100 rr n 4/22/29 28.5 35.6 8.21 25 i 95 568A 0 oc n 4/25/29 (29.4 34.7 8.26 14) t 96 570 100 c n 4/26/29 28.2 35.7 8.19 25 t 96 573 100 oc p 4/26/29 28.2 35.7 8.19 25 t 97 576 100 oc n 4/28/29 27.6 35.6 8.15 25 t 97 579 100 r p 4/28/29 27.6 35.6 8.15 25 t 98 581 r n 4/30/29 27.0 35.3 8.16 24 t 98 583 100 2 n 4/30/29 26.7 35.4 8.14 32 t 98 584 oc p 4/30/29 27.0 35.3 8.16 24 t 98 585 50 r p 4/30/29 26.9 35.3 8.16 28 t 98 588 100 rr p> 4/30/29 26.9 35.3 8.16 28 t 98 586 50 oc n 5/ 2/29 27.8 34.9 8.22 12 t 99 590 50 oc n 5/ 2/29 27.8 34.9 8.22 12 t 99 592 0 rs p 5/ 2/29 27.9 34.9 8.21 12 i 99 594 100 oc p 5/ 2/29 27.8 35.0 8.22 Ly, t 100 597 100 r n 5/ 4/29 27.6 34.7 8.22 12 t 101 605 100 oc n 5/ 4/29 27.6 34.7 8.22 12 t 101 607 50 oc Pp 5/ 7/29 26.2 34.7 8.24 8 t 101 608 100 oc p 5/ 7/29 25.2 35.1 8.23 8 t 102 612 0 r p 5/ 9/29 25.8 35.0 8.24 8 t 102 613 50 oc p 5/ 9/29 25.8 35.0 8.24 8 t 102 614 100 r p 5/ 9/29 25.6 35.0 8.23 8 t 104 626 100 oc p 5/13/29 25.3 35.3 8.21 7 i 106 635 100 oc n 5/17/29 25.6 35.1 8.23 5 i 106 636 0 oc p 5/17/29 27.2 35.0 8.23 5 i 106 638 100 r p 5/17/29 25.6 35.1 8.23 5 i 107 641 100 r n 5/19/29 26.8 34.9 8.23 11 i 107 643 50 ie Pp 5/19/29 27.9 34.4 8.23 4 i 107 644 100 oc p 5/19/29 26.8 34.9 8.23 4 i 108 647 50 r n 5/27/29 26.8 35.0 8.24 4 i 109 656 100 oc n 5/29/29 19.4 34.8 8.18 5 ee 109 658 50 r p 5/29/29 23.1 35.0 8.22 3 oC 109 659 100 r p 5/29/29 19.4 34.8 8.18 5 i 110 663 100 r n 5/31/29 17.9 34.7 8.14 11 i 110 665 50 r p 5/31/29 18.4 34.8 8.16 7 i 110 666 100 oc p 5/31/29 17.9 34.7 8.14 11 i 112 676 100 r n 6/ 5/29 19.8 34.7 8.20 8 i 112 678 50 r p 6/ 5/29 21.7 34.6 8.23 7 ee 113 680 0 r n 6/25/29 24.2 34.5 8.25 5 i 113 681 50 oc n 6/25/29 23.8 34.6 8.25 5 i 113 682 100 oc n 6/25/29 21.5 34.7 8.23 8 i 113 683 0 r p 6/25/29 24.2 34.5 8.25 5 i 113 684 50 r p 6/25/29 23.8 34.6 8.25 5 i 113 685 100 oc p 6/25/29 21.5 34.7 8.23 8 i 128 778 100 r p 7/25/29 10.2 33.2 8.06 46 i 130 783 100 c n 9/ 4/29 8.8 33.7 8.06 176 i 131 789 100 oc n 9/ 6/29 12.1 33.4 8.32 ces i 132 799 100 r n 9/ 8/29 14.3 33.4 8.30 16 i 134 810 100 oc n 9/12/29 18.1 34.6 8.34 6 i 134 817 100 oc p 9/12/29 18.1 34.6 8.34 6 i 135 821 50 r n 9/14/29 21.5 35.0 8.37 5 i 135 822 100 r n 9/14/29 18.7 34.8 8.34 5 i 135 825 50 = p 9/14/29 21.5 35.0 8.37 5 i 135 826 100 r p 9/14/29 18.7 34.8 8.34 5 i 136 829 100 oc n 9/16/29 18.6 35.0 8.39 3 i 136 834 100 oc p 9/16/29 18.6 35.0 8.39 3 i 137 838 100 oc n 9/18/29 21.5 35.1 8.30 5 i 138 845 100 r n 9/20/29 22.2 34.8 8.31 3 i 138 848 50 r p 9/20/29 25.6 34.7 8.30 3 i 139 851 100 oc n 9/22/29 22.4 35.2 8.28 6 i 139 855 100 oc p 9/22/29 22.4 35.2 8.28 6 i 140 858 100 rr n 10/ 3/29 25.5 35.0 8.34 7 t 140 863 100 r p 10/ 3/29 25.5 35.0 8.34 7 i Ai So I ee! ii ee EE Eee ee 154 CERATIUM IN THE PACIFIC AND NORTH ATLANTIC OCEANS Table 50. Distributional and environmental records for Ceratium tenue--Concluded Sample Depth Relative Appa- Temperature Salinity PO4 (m) abundance | ratus (EG) (0/oo) mg/m3 Station 141 869 r p 10/ 5/29 24.8 35.3 8.34 5 i 141 870 80 oc p 10/ 5/29 24.8 35.3 8.34 5 i 141 871 100 r p 10/ 5/29 20.0 35.0 8.33 5 i 142 873 50 r ne 1071/29 21.8 34.8 8.30 5 i 142 874 100 c n 10/ 7/29 16.6 34.4 8.27 7 i 142 877 50 r p 10/ 7/29 21.8 34.8 8.30 5 i 142 878 100 Fe p 10/ 7/29 16.6 34.4 8.27 7 i 144 888 50 oc p 10/11/29 rates 34.7 8.33 6 i 144 889 100 oc p 10/11/29 16.6 34.5 8.37 6 t 145 892 100 r n 10/13/29 16.0 34.1 8.31 6 t 146 896 0 rr p 10/15/29 22.4 34.9 8.37 6 t 146 898 100 oc n~. 10/15/29 19.7 34.3 8.26 7 t 146 901 50 r p 10/15/29 22.4 34.9 8.30 6 t 146 902 100 oc p 10/15/29 19.7 34.3 8.26 Wes t 147 904 50 r n 10/17/29 23.1 35.3 8.29 5 t 147 905 100 r n 10/17/29 19.2 35.0 8.29 5 t 147 908 50 r p 10/17/29 23.1 35.3 8.29 5 t 147 909 100 oc p 10/17/29 19.2 35.0 8.29 5 t 148 912 100 r n 10/19/29 20.0 35:00 fivtee. Soe t 148 919 100 r p 10/19/29 20.0 CH) oeade ; t 149 921 50 oc n 10/21/29 23.3 35.0 8.37 6 i 149 922 100 r n 10/21/29 20.3 34.9 8.38 6 i 149 927 0 r p 10/21/29 23.5 ~ 35.0 8.34 6 i 150 929 0 Ty n 10/23/29 25.6 34.7 8.39 7 i 150 930 50 r n 10/23/29 22.8 34.8 8.35 10 i 150 931 100 r n 10/23/29 19.6 34.6 8.32 11 t 151 938 50 oc n 10/26/29 18.3 eye Jatoco one t 151 939 100 r n 10/26/29 12:5 34:68 Wibecses bas i 151 941 0 r p 10/26/29 26.0 34:00 | eee ba i 152 946 100 oc n 10/27/29 11.4 34.7 7.76 75 i 152 950 100 r p 10/27/29 11.4 34.7 7.76 75 i 153 953 100 oc n 10/29/29 20.5 34.7 8.28 31 i 153 956 50 r p 10/29/29 28.1 34.4 8.39 7 i 153 957 100 “7 p 10/29/29 20.5 34.7 8.28 31 i 154 960 100 oc p 10/31/29 25.3 34.8 7.93 21 i 158 983 0 c n 11/ 8/29 28.2 35.6 8.34 36 i 158 985 100 c n 11/ 8/29 27.6 35.9 8.39 48 i 159 990 0 oc n 11/11/29 28.6 35.7 8.37 15 i 159 991 50 r n ‘11/11/29 28.5 35.7 8.39 a) t 159 992 100 oc n 11/11/29 28.0 35.7 8.37 23 t 160 1002 50 oc n 11/13/29 28.6 35.6 8.39 15 i 160 1003 100 r n 11/13/29 28.5 35.7 8.44 16 t Abbreviations: i=var. inclinatum; t=var. tenuissimum. Table 51. Distributional and environmental records for Ceratium longissimum Depth Relative Appa- Temperature Salinity PO4 Station Sampl 1b 100 r n 5/16/28 (20.3 35.5 8.18 36) 15 99 100 r p 8/11/28 18.4 36.4 8.20 19 16 107 50 r n 8/13/28 24.4 36.4 8.23 8 23 150 100 r n 8/29/28 16.6 36.0 8.18 75 25 161 50 ms n 9/ 3/28 21.5 36.0 8.22 12 35 204 50 r n 10/26/28 16.8 34.7 7.92 138 37 221 50 r ee 0 Van Ue2:) 18.8 34.5 8.00 121 45 258 100 rT: n 11/19/28 18.6 35.1 8.00 50 47 268 100 r n 11/23/28 22.7 36.2 8.23 20 75 464 100 r n 2/14/29 17.8 35.4 8.00 75 78 477 100 r n 2/20/29 21.9 36.2 8.14 34 80 490 100 1 p 2/24/29 23.4 36.2 8.16 32 109 656 100 r n 5/29/29 19.4 34.8 8.18 5 112 676 100 r n 6/ 5/29 19.8 34.7 8.20 8 132 799 100 r n 9/ 8/29 14.3 33.4 8.30 16 133 806 100 oc n 9/10/29 18.4 34.8 8.31 2 iff 134 810 100 oc n 9/12/29 18.1 34.6 8.34 6 134 817 100 r p 9/12/29 18.1 34.6 8.34 6 135 822 100 r n 9/14/29 18.7 34.8 8.34 5 136 829 100 oc n 9/16/29 18.6 35.0 8.39 3 137 838 100 r n 9/18/29 21.5 35.1 8.30 5 142 874 100 r n 10/ 7/29 16.6 34.4 8.27 7 142 878 100 r p .10/ 7/29 16.6 34.4 8.27 7 142 879 100 r p 10/ 7/29 16.6 34.4 8.27 7 APPENDIX 155 Table 51. Distributional and environmental records for Ceratium longissimum --Concluded Depth Relative Appa- Temperature | Salinity PO4 ca Ce" | Tereoy | | meme 146 898 100 n 10/15/29 19.7 34.3 8.26 7 147 905 100 Ge n 10/17/29 19.2 35.0 8.29 5 148 912 100 oc n 10/19/29 20.0 S005 ren 208 149 922 100 oc n 10/21/29 20.3 34.9 8.38 6 150 931 100 r n 10/23/29 1$.6 34.6 8.32 11 151 938 50 i; n 10/26/29 18.3 pies eon 289 151 939 100 r n 10/26/29 12.5 Ce acd nes 159 992 100 r n 11/11/29 28.0 35.7 8.37 ~23 Table 52. Distributional and environmental records for Ceratium arcticum Depth Relative Appa- Temperature | Salinity PO4 tat Station Sample ae ndaiics Ae Date (°C) (e/aa) meine Variety 6f a n -7/ 9/28 10.6 35.4 8.11 1 6g 34 0 a n 7/10/28 10.6 sca eos ee) 1 6h 55 0 a n 7/11/28 10.6 36.4). 08.14 (age) “diy 1 56 0 oc n 7/13/28 8.9 $5.2. 038.08 Ada Liv 1 57 50 c n ‘7/13/28 8.2 36.2 8.08 7. 1a 7 58 100 c n 7/13/28 8.1 $5.2. 08104 ay OL 8 59 0 c n 7/15/28 10.3 35.2, 47.03) BIS ~ lavta 8 60 50 c n ‘7/15/28 9.1 $5.2. 9%.95 2127 Lea 8 61 100 oc n 7/15/28 8.4 35.3 | 7205 Bibs) I 9 64 0 oc n 7/28/28 11.2 Shilwor 8:08. go 20s oT 9 65 50 r n 7/28/28 8.4 35° 706 6 55 ea, I 10 68 0 a n 7/30/28 10.9 34:9. « S.088N 2Re yaa. tT 10 69 50 c n 7/30/28 10.0 34.9 8.04 34 1 10 70 100 r n 7/30/28 6.6 35:0, 7.050 gSae al 11 73 0 oc n- 8/ 1/28 10.7 94:9" -"806"°.27 la 11 14 50 oc n 8/ 1/28 7.3 PC ewe BE ee 11 76 50 r p 8/ 1/28 7.3 34.900 97:92) 6 6S usa lla 78 0 oc n 8/1/28 (10.7 34.9 8.06 27) lv 12 79 0 a n 8/ 5/28 8.4 S3i6 0910 ee aint et 12 80 50 a n 8/ 5/28 3.9 S47. 798 G5 Flys a 12 81 100 a n 8/ 5/28 3.4 34.9 7.89 82 y,a 12 82 0 a p 8/ 5/28 8.4 $3.60 80> LOVauen ya 13 83 0 c n 8/ 7/28 11.3 9207 8.00), UiGuies al 13 85 50 r n 8/ 7/28 -1.6 S345> 7.87%, a GOamenl 13 86 100 a n 8/ 7/28 sina $3.65, 7.878 ve0) ue lea 13 87 0 c p 8/ 7/28 11.3 32s, 6 8.00 10 medic 14 91 100 oc p 8/ 9/28 14.0 S6.Gne «-0.06aee S40 ety lira 14 92 50 oc p 8/ 9/28 15.0 $5, , SAbm thee 14 93 0 oc p 8/ 9/28 21.2 35.35 8.1bn o btn et 14 94 100 oc n 8/ 9/28 14.0 35.6 8.06 34 1 14 95 50 c n 8/ 9/28 15.0 35.1: 1\6:40n 0 16> ead 15 97 0 - p 8/11/28 24.8 36.4. Sie | dt “era 15 98 50 oc p ‘8/11/28 19.8 36.5). . 8.21 6) aka 15 99 100 oc p ‘8/11/28 18.4 96:45, . S20 mcLON a a 15 101 50 r n 8/11/28 19.8 36.5 8.21 3° aa 15 102 100 - n 8/11/28 18.4 $6.4. A820) 49) a 16 104 50 r p 8/13/28 24.4 36.4 8.23 B.. lana 16 105 100 r p 8/13/28 19.9 36:6;,, oOstae 19e-ay 1 16 108 100 r n ‘8/13/28 19.9 36:55 SOME 1S yaa 17 111 0 r n 8/15/28 26.2 36.6 8.29 are 17 112 50 oc n 8/15/28 21.9 $6.6. @otoe 12 3) 17 113 100 r n 8/15/28 19.3 36.5 8.23 eee 18 116 100 r p 8/17/28 20.4 36.8 8.21 aes 18 118 50 r n 8/17/28 22.4 36.8 8.24 5) weal 19 123 50 oc n 8/20/28 25.2 37.1 8.27 5 oa 19 124 100 r n 8/20/28 22.4 37.0~ weeitonee 6 ca 20 127 100 r p 8/22/28 22.6 36.7 8.19 ees 20 129 50 r n 8/22/28 25.8 36.6 8.26 se ea 20 130 100 r n 8/22/28 22.6 36.7 8.19 5 oa 21 134 100 oc p 8/24/28 21.0 36.8 8.20 Tee all 22 139 0 oc p 8/27/28 26.7 36.0 8.26 Cray! 22 140 50 r p 8/27/28 24.5 36.2 8.21 oe el 22 143 50 7 n 8/27/28 24.5 36.2 8.21 ae BA 33 198a 50 : p 10/ 8/28 28.2 36.2 8.24 4 ES 116 7104 100 oc n 7/11/29 6.7 $3.65) (ee pe eva] 116 707 100 r p 1/ 1/29 6.7 33.8 8.24 7 ts 117 713 100 oc p 1/ 3/29 8.8 sao eines, 84 1 118 714 0 oc n 1/ 5/29 10.2 SGnumnmie 90. -1 118 715 0 r n 1/ 5/29 10.2 $36 cer. 90 | 71 156 CERATIUM IN THE PACIFIC AND NORTH ATLANTIC OCEANS \ Table 52. Distributional and environmental records for Ceratium arcticum--Concluded Depth Relative Appa- Temperature cae PO4 pate | Pemgh* | reat | | moras Station 118 716 r 1/ 5/29 6.1 33.8 7.94 114 1 118 719 r “6 WE VAD ope A KS = Og 000 1 120 726 0 oc n 7/ 9/29 7.2 33.0 Teer URI a,l 120 727 50 oc n 7/ 9/29 2.2 33.1 7.90 107 a 120 728 100 r n 7/ 9/29 2.0 33.2 7.84 197 a 120 729 0 r p T/ 9/29 7.2 33.0 Hicey ashes a,l 121 732 0 oc n 7/11/29 7.5 32.9 7.98 141 a 121 733 50 r n 7/11/29 3.6 33.1 7.92 159 a 121 734 100 r n 7/11/29 2.1 33.2 7.86 184 1 121 735 0 oc p 7/11/29 7.5 32.9 7.98 141 a 122 738 0 c n 7/13/29 8.2 32.8 7.98 130 1 122 739 50 r n 7/13/29 3.6 33.1 7.94 142 1 122 740 100 r n 7/13/29 2.4 33.1 7.90 161 1 122 741 0 c p 7/13/29 8.2 32.8 7.98 130 1 123 744 0 oc n 7/15/29 8.1 32.8 8.03 113 1 123 745 50 oc n 7/15/29 4.4 32.9 7.94 150 1 123 746 100 oc n 7/15/29 3.0 33.4 7.79 209 1 123 747 0 oc p 7/15/29 8.1 32.8 8.03 113 1 123 748 50 i p 7/15/29 4.4 32.9 7.94 150 1 124 749 0 c n 1/17/29 9.3 32.7 8.04 103 1 124 750 50 r n 7/17/29 5.4 32.7 8.02 110 1 124 751 100 r n 7/17/29 4.0 33.6 7.64 228 1 124 752 0 r p 7/17/29 9.3 32.7 8.04 103 1 125 755 0 r n 7/19/29 10.5 32.8 8.03 125 1 125 757 100 re n 7/19/29 4.2 32.9 7.90 175 1 146 898 100 r n 7/19/29 4.2 32.9 7.90 175 1 Abbreviations: a=var. arcticum; l=var. longipes; v=var. ventricosum. Table 53. Distributional and environmental records for Ceratium hexacanthum Station Sample Depth Relative Appa- Temperature | Salinity PO4 (m) abundance | ratus (GG) (0/oo) mg/m3 1 1 n 5/12/28 24.0 36.2 8.16 34 1 2 1 n 5712/28 22.4 36.4 8.17 35 la 5 0 oc n 5/14/28 22.3 36.3 8.20 46 1b 6 0 c n 5/16/28 22.3 36.3 8.20 46 1b 7 50 c n 5/16/28 22.2 36.4 8.21 39 1b 8 100 c n 5/16/28 20.3 35-5 8.18 36) 2 12 50 oc n 5/18/28 20.5 36.4 8.21 46 2 13 100 oc n 5/18/28 19.8 36.4 8.21 33 2 14 0 c n 5/18/28 20.5 36.4 8.23 58 4 24 50 r n 5/23/28 14.4 36.0 ails. pail 5a 33 0 oc n 5/30/28 ieee 35.6 8.15 a 5a 34 0 r n 5/30/28 12.4 35.6 8.15 21 6 35 0 r n 5/31/28 12.4 35.6 Ekilky el 6 36 50 r n 5/31/28 11.6 35.6 8:12, 32 6 37 100 oc n 5/31/28 11.3 35.6 8.08 41 6a 42 0 ‘oc n 5/31/28 12.4 35.6 hile ail 6b 43 0 r n 6/ 2/28 12.4 35.6 8.15 21 6b 44 0 oc n 6/ 2/28 12.4 35.6 8150 20 6b 45 0 c n 6/ 2/28 12.4 35.6 8.15 21 6b 46 0 oc n 6/ 2/28 12.4 35.6 Ghilbye Pal 6c 47 100 r n 6/ 3/28 11.3 35.6 8.08 41 6c 48 0 r n 6/ 3/28 12.4 35.6 8eSeenel 6c 49 0 c n 6/ 4/28 12.4 35.6 8.15 21 7 57 50 r n 7/13/28 8.2 35.2 8.03 47 15 98 50 r p 8/11/28 19.8 36.5 8.21 8 15 99 100 oc p 8/11/28 18.4 36.4 S20 neo 15 101 50 © n 8/11/28 19.8 36.5 8.21 8 15 102 100 G n 8/11/28 18.4 36.4 8.20 19 16 104 50 r p 8/13/28 24.4 36.4 8.23 8 16 106 0 r n 8/13/28 25.9 36.2 8.24 8 16 107 50 r n 8/13/28 24.4 36.4 8.23 8 16 108 100 r n 8/13/28 19.9 36.5 i Wy a Bs) 17 110 50 r p 8/15/28 21.9 36.6 8:28" S12 ui 112 50 oc n 8/15/28 21.9 36.6 8528") ‘12 18 114 0 iP P 8/17/28 27.0 37.0 8.23 5 18 115 50 r p 8/17/28 22.4 36.8 8.24 5 18 116 100 r p 8/17/28 20.4 36.8 8.21 5 18 Ay, 0 c n 8/17/28 27.0 37.0 8.23 5 18 118 50 c n 8/17/28 22.4 36.8 8.24 5 19 122 0 oc n 8/20/28 26.6 S702 8i34he 5 APPENDIX Table 53. Distributional and environmental records for Ceratium hexacanthum--Continued 157 HHOOMKMH NH ON OOK KHON HAH HH HH ONAHR HR OCQOAOANRANANRHE HHH NANO OO aa ° ° a0 ° ° a0 BPSUVF FPS HFSS FFF HFS HF SSUTUSPSSSSSVUASSSSSUTUS SSS SSD SSS SS SPS SUT SV SSF SS SVU SUA SSS SPSS Seas sss 8/20/28 8/20/28 8/22/28 8/22/28 8/29/28 8/29/28 8/29/28 8/31/28 8/31/28 9/ 3/28 / 10/26/28 10/27/28 10/28/28 10/30/28 11/ 3/28 11/ 8/28 11/19/28 11/19/28 11/19/28 11/23/28 11/23/28 11/25/28 11/25/28 11/25/28 11/25/28 11/27/28 11/27/28 11/27/28 11/28/28 12/19/28 12/20/28 g> 99 G0 Go GO G0 =3 G0 20 co Co ba at et et et bt Pt tt 2 DD > 1 Or 1B CO -1 00 CODD DD = co i) NVLPOCONMNONNNHLNOH PAR POUTOO eo vo 158 CERATIUM IN THE PACIFIC AND NORTH ATLANTIC OCEANS Table 53. Distributional and environmental records for Ceratium hexacanthum --Continued n n . p ; n . 62 373 100 r n 12/30/28 13.1 34.2 8.06 48 62 375 50 r p 12/30/28 16.2 34.3 8.10 28 63 379 0 r n 1/ 1/29 20.5 34.6 8.07 21 63 380 50 oc n 1/ 1/29 17.0 34.6 8.08 25 64 396 100 r n 1/ 3/29 15.8 34.5 8.10 32 65 409 50 re p 1/ 5/29 16.5 34.5 8.10 25 66 412 100 © n 1/ 7/29 17.8 34.9 8.12 21 66 414 50 r p 1/ 7/29 17.8 34.8 8.10 29 66 415 100 r p 1/ 7/29 17.8 34.9 8.12 21 67 416 oc n 1/ 8/29 19.3 34.9 8.11 21 67 418 100 r n 1/ 8/29 16.2 34.6 8.05 40 69 424 oc n 1/12/29 21.1 35.2 8.12 62 69 426 100 r n 1/12/29 14.6 34.8 7.86 198 71 439 50 r n 2/ 6/29 16.7 35.1 7.90 150 73 452 100 r n 2/10/29 14.7 35.0 7.80 178 15 462 0 r n 2/14/29 22.8 35.8 8.18 44 76 467 0 oc n 2/16/29 23.4 35.9 8.15 50 17 472 0 oc n 2/18/29 23.7 36.0 8.19 16 78 475 0 ry n 2/20/29 24.6 36.0 8.17 32 78 476 50 T n 2/20/29 23.8 36.1 8.14 32 718 477 100 r n 2/20/29 21.9 36.2 8.14 34 18 478 0 r p 2/20/29 24.6 36.0 8.17 32 719 482 50 r n 2/22/29 24.5 36.1 8.17 34 719 483 100 rn n 2/22/29 21.8 36.2 8.13 45 80 486 0 oc n 2/24/29 26.0 35.9 8.20 36 80 488 0 r p 2/24/29 26.0 35.9 8.20 36 81 491 0 oc n 2/26/29 26.5 35.8 8.19 38 81 492 50 oc n 2/26/29 26.4 35.9 8.19 38 82 496 0 oc n 2/28/29 27.2 36.3 8.21 34 82 497 50 oc n 2/28/29 27.2 36.3 8.21 34 82 498 0 r p 2/28/29 27.2 36.3 8.21 34 83 501 0 oc n 3/ 2/29 27.5 36.3 8.24 29 83 502 50 oc n 3/ 2/29 27.4 36.3 8.24 25 83 503 0 r p 3/ 2/29 27.5 36.3 8.24 29 84 505 0 oc n 3/ 4/29 27.8 36.2 8.23 24 84 507 0 r p 3/ 4/29 27.8 36.2 8.23 24 85 510 0 oc n 3/ 6/29 27.9 36.2 8.22 40 86 516 0 2 n 3/ 9/29 28.3 36.2 8.29 20 86 517 50 oc n 3/ 9/29 27.4 36.2 8.29 17 87 521 0 r n 3/11/29 27.8 36.1 8.28 17 87 522 50 Tr n 3/11/29 26.5 36.1 8.26 20 88 526 0 oc n 3/21/29 28.5 35.9 8.23 16 88 527 50 r n 3/21/29 28.4 35.9 8.25 13 89 528 0 oc n 3/23/29 28.4 35.6 8.25 21 89 529 50 oc n 3/23/29 28.6 35.8 8.27 12 89 532 0 r n 3/23/29 (28.4 35.6 8.25 21) 90 533 0 oc n 3/25/29 28.5 35.5 8.27 21 90 534 50 oc n 3/25/29 28.6 35.6 8.26 21 90 535 0 r p 3/25/29 28.5 35.5 8.27 21 90 536 50 r p 3/25/29 28.6 35.6 8.26 21 91 540 0 oc n 3/27/29 28.7 35.1 8.30 al 91 541 50 oc n 8/27/29 28.5 35.2 8.30 24 92 545 x n 3/29/29 28.5 35.3 8.29 28 92 546 50 oc n 3/29/29 28.4 35.4 8.29 28 93 551 50 oc n 3/31/29 28.5 34.8 8.30 28 94 558 50 r n 4/22/29 29.3 34.7 8.25 14 94 559 100 r n 4/22/29 28.5 35.6 8.21 25 96 568 0 r n 4/26/29 29.3 35.3 8.23 12 96 569 50 r n 4/26/29 29.2 35.3 8.23 12 96 570 100 oc n 4/26/29 28.2 35.7 8.19 25 97 574 0 oc n 4/28/29 28.3 35.2 8.16 24 97 575 50 oc n 4/28/29 28.0 35.4 8.16 21 97 576 100 ir. n 4/28/29 27.6 35.6 8.15 25 98 581 0 oc n 4/30/29 27.0 35.3 8.16 24 98 584 0 13 p 4/30/29 27.0 35.3 8.16 24 98 585 50 r p 4/30/29 26.9 35.3 8.16 28 99 589 0 oc n 5/ 2/29 27.9 34.9 8.21 12 99 590 50 c n 5/ 2/29 - 27.8 34.9 8.22 12 99 591 100 c n 5/ 2/29 27.8 35.0 8.22 17 99 595 0 c n 5/ 2/29 27.9 34.9 8.21 12 100 596 50 c n 5/ 4/29 27.6 34.7 8.21 10 100 597 100 c n 5/ 4/29 27.6 34.7 8.22 12 APPENDIX Table 53. Distributional and environmental records for Ceratium hexacanthum--Continued Depth Relative Appa- Temperature Salinity HAQAAN eooaenaanwy KF ooannnnoon aa a0 ° Qa0 Q Gaia aes as has ian ee es asa OCS ars ans Anes LCL OLOLO QUO USES IOLOie ins ° ° BUPA SSSHSVUSISSSSSUVUAS SVU A SVUFAS SS SUSU SS SSS SSS SSS SSVVUASSUS A SSS SVU SAS eV U Aaa ae asso 5/ 4/29 / 4/29 y 7/29 5/ 7/29 5/ 7/29 5/ 7/29 5/ 7/29 5/ 9/29 10/ 5/29 seeee PO4 mg/m? 10 10 8 COMM dO I1W, PP PH PATINA HAIHIHNNNIIIN NIN ooDmDmDMnDmmawmc me ANIITAMWMMNUIWWwU4»P Soto WO-JO-J-T-J-T-IM ow 159 160 CERATIUM IN THE PACIFIC AND NORTH ATLANTIC OCEANS Table 53. Distributional and environmental records for Ceratium hexacanthum--Concluded Depth Relative Appa- Temperature | Salinity ae fo | eres 141 142 142 142 OA HAHAAANO ° ° a oO AARON ONRHOONHHOO fo) a0 PSSFPSHSSSSSSSSSSSHSSSSVVIASVVUA SASS SSS SS SSeS BV AP ae aaa yaa 10/ 5/29 10/ 7/29 10/ 7/29 10/ 7/29 10/ 7/29 10/ 7/29 10/ 9/29 10/11/29 10/13/29 10/13/29 10/13/29 10/13/29 10/15/29 10/15/29 10/15/29 10/15/29 10/15/29 10/17/29 10/17/29 10/19/29 10/19/29 10/19/29 10/21/29 10/21/29 10/21/29 10/23/29 10/23/29 10/23/29 10/26/29 10/26/29 10/26/29 10/26/29 10/26/29 10/27/29 10/27/29 10/27/29 10/27/29 10/27/29 10/29/29 10/29/29 10/31/29 10/31/29 11/ 2/29 11/ 2/29 11/ 2/29 11/ 4/29 11/ 4/29 11/ 4/29 11/ 6/29 11/ 6/29 11/ 6/29 11/ 8/29 11/ 8/29 11/ 8/29 11/11/29 11/11/29 11/11/29 11/13/29 11/13/29 eeeee 22100 Se 220928 88/60/29! 68/09/6210} 62/60|G9!0a)69/69/09/60 <1 O9)=ti=t 02 Go Go Go 69 bo bo Go Go bo bo fy bo 9 bo bo 0 ND i 69 Lo ifm G0 G9 ~I 00 0 OAIAIOGOIOOPONISCIROOCDOOOIITAWN PO4 mg/m3 S AAAAAIAMAMAAAAnAMNIMIH APPENDIX Table 54. Distributional and environmental records for Ceratium reflexum pth ) 50 50 Bie Ma Tia ad cath a Na Mashhad fe) bet eg a md oa aE Wa Iie ee Bd Codie Me Me a ie Na a SSSSFSSS0US SS SS SS SUS SUS SPSS Ses asU se Aa sess 8/20/28 8/20/28 8/20/28 8/22/28 8/22/28 8/22/28 8/22/28 8/23/28 8/24/28 8/24/28 8/27/28 8/27/28 8/27/28 8/29/28 11/25/28 11/25/28 12/ 5/28 3/11/29 4/24/29 4/24/29 4/28/29 4/28/29 4/28/29 5/ 2/29 5/15/29 5/17/29 5/17/29 5/17/29 11/13/29 8.19 NNN NMNYNNNNNEEHE NN NEN NH OND Dt wr to WWW WWOWWWNMAUANNUADORWPOMHAODNH-I ©0 00 C0 Co Co (9 t2 to > Cnkua Oo-If$ Paco cnc : _ QOAAN: poreagng —_ ~— 161 De Relative Appa- Temperature | Salinity PO4 p 0 c 5 e = Oe Bb ve t Os 2s 1 of 93 Os ane tSet = “HS 4 ea n a a ce - ae e bat 4 aa ) oy E.G) S ses 5 Be BSB Sh rie ae > ga ou i) iS Se * ae. 3 a 7 4-3 SSeS38Sse: cecet ele ~~ aa BERS: RG oS wo et; eyrt oS er aa . yee’ aie FIGURES CHARTS 1 1 FIGURES 1-5 Fig. 1. Ceratium praelongum (Lem.) Kof. A, ventral view of specimen from station 31, Caribbean Sea; B, left lateral view of same; C, specimen from station 16, Sargasso Sea; D, heavy-walled individual from station 33, Caribbean Sea. Fig. 2. Ceratium cephalotum (Lemm.) Jorg. A, specimen from station 91, near Samoa; B, from station 132, off California; C, from station 1b, warm North Atlantic. Fig. 3. Variation in C. gravidum Gourret. A, from station 151, equatorial Pacific; B, from station 131, off California; C, from station 75, southeast Pacific; D, from station 149, east of Hawaii; E, from station 48, north of Easter Island; F, from station 107, near Guam; G, from station 91, near Samoa; H, from station 32, Caribbean Sea, showing autot- omy of antapical horns; I, from station 81, east of Tuamotu Islands; J, from station 140, Hawaii; K, from station 19, Sargasso Sea; L, from station 97, near Phoenix Islands; M, * from station 15, warm Atlantic; N, from station 26, Atlantic North Equatorial Current; O, from station 108, near Guam. Fig. 4. Variation in C. gravidum Gourret. P, from station 22, Atlantic North Equatorial Current; Q, from station 18, Sargasso Sea; R, from station 55, south of Easter Island; S, from station 99, north of Phoenix Islands; T, from station 37, Pacific Panama area; U, from station 81, east of Tuamotu Islands. Fig. 5. Ceratium digitatum Schitt. A, variety rotundatum Jorgensen from station 52, south of Easter Island; B, same from station 54, south of Easter Island; C, right lateral view of typical C. digitatum Schutt from station 25, Atlantic North Equatorial Cur- rent; D, ventral view of same specimen; E, specimen with unusually long left antapical horn from station 105, northeast of Guam. 164 FIGURES 6 - 9 Fig. 6. Variation in C. candelabrum (Ehr.) Stein. A, specimen from station 87, near Tuamotu Islands; B, from station 83, near Tuamotu Islands; C, from station 91, near Samoa; D, from station 48, north of Easter Island; E, from station 97, near Phoenix Is- lands; F, from station 85, near Tuamotu Islands; G, from station 46, warm southeast Pa- cific; H, from station 1, Gulf Stream; I, from station 31, Caribbean Sea; J, from station 50, near Easter Island; K, from station 52, near Easter Island. Fig. 7. Ceratium furca (Ehr.) Dujardin. A, specimen from southeastern Pacific, station 79; B, from southeastern Pacific, station 50; C, from off Peru, station 71; D, from north of Hawaii, station 140; E, from southeastern Pacific, station 77; F, from southeast of Greenland, station 10; G, from southwest of Ireland, station 6; H, two-celled chain from station 73, southeastern Pacific. Fig. 8. Ceratium belone Cleve. A, specimen from station 49, north of Easter Is- land; B.and C, specimen from station 100, east of Marshall Islands; D, station 53a, Easter Island; E, from station 81, east of Tuamotu Islands; F, from station 18, Sargasso Sea; G, from station 158, northeast of Samoa; H, from station 47, southeastern Pacific; I, from station 94, near Samoa. Fig. 9. Ceratium incisum (Karsten) Jorgensen. A, from station 99, north of Phoenix Islands; B, from station 95, north of Samoa; C, from station 158, northeast of Samoa; D, from station 103, north of Marshall Islands; E, from station 98, north of Phoenix Islands. 166 FIGURES 10 - 12 Fig. 10. A, B, E-G. Ceratium subrobustum (Jorg.) Nielsen. A, long-horned form with curved apical horn, from south of Easter Island, station 53; B, long-horned form from central Pacific, station 99; E, short-horned form from central North Atlantic, station 19; F, short-horned form from central Pacific, station 158; G, chain from central Pacific, sta- tion 97. H, K-N. Ceratium pentagonum subsp. tenerum (Jorg.). H, short-horned form from the tropical Atlantic, station 24; K, long-horned form from the tropical North Atlantic, sta- tion 19; L, small form from southeastern Pacific, station 79; M, chain from Humboldt Cur- rent, station 73; N, long-horned form with curved antapical horns from off California, station 133. C, D, 1, J. Ceratium pentagonum subsp. pacificum n. subsp. C, comparatively thin- walled individual from station 118; D, heavy-walled, short-horned form from station 123; I, large, long-horned form from station 122; J, thin-walled form from same sample as C. Fig. 11. A, Ceratium setaceum Jorgensen, from station 110, north of Guam. B-D. Ceratium teres Kofoid. B, from station 101, northeast of Marshall Islands; C, from station 141, north of Hawaii; D, two-celled chain from station 85, Tuamotu Islands. E-G. Ceratium lineatum (Ehr.) Cleve. E, from station 6, off Ireland; F, specimen similar to C. minutum from station 10, southeast of Greenland; G, from station 11a south- east of Greenland. H, Ceratium kofoidii Jorgensen from station 111, southeast of Japan. J, Ceratium geniculatum (Lemm.) Cleve. Partly separated. Specimen from station 45, southeast Pacific. I, K-N. Ceratium bigelowii Kofoid. I, enlarged ventral view of specimen shown in M, from station 47, southeast Pacific; K, specimen with little expanded body from station 154, central Pacific; L, latero-ventral view of specimen from station 158, central Pacific; M, dorsal view of specimen shown inI; N, right lateral view of same. O-S. Ceratium inflatum (Kofoid) Jorgensen. O, dorsal view of specimen from station 101, northeast of Marshall Islands; P, ventral view of specimen from station 20a, tropical Atlantic; Q, dorsal view of specimen from station 99, north of Phoenix Islands; R, right lateral view of specimen from station 101, northeast of Marshall Islands; S, ventral view of ‘specimen from station 54, near Easter Island. T-V. Ceratium longirostrum Gourret. T, from station 145, central North Pacific; U, from station 98, north of Phoenix Islands; V, from station 103, north of Marshall Islands. W-AA. Ceratium falcatum (Kofoid) Jorgensen showing variation in size and curvature. W, from station 52, south of Easter Island; X, from station 158, northeast of Samoa; Y, from station 108, north of Guam; Z, from station 50, west of Easter Island; AA, from station 76, southeast Pacific. BB-DD. Ceratium extensum (Gourret) Cleve. BB, specimen with well-developed right antapical horn, (C. strictum) from station 81, tropical Pacific; CC, typical specimen without right antapical horn, from station 158, tropical Pacific; DD, enlargement of same specimen; EE, Ceratium fusus (Ehr.) Duj. Wide form from cold North Pacific region, sta- tion 123. Fig. 12. Ceratium béhmiin. sp. A, from station 114, off Japan; B, from station 98, north of Phoenix Islands; C, from station 40, off Ecuador. 168 330 |fx330 ad FIG. 12 169 FIGURES 13 and 14 Fig. 13. A-D. Ceratium fusus (Ehr.) Duj. A, enlarged dorsal view of specimen shown in D; B, specimen from warm Pacific, station 35; C, specimen from cold North Pacific re- gion, station 123; D, specimen from cold Atlantic, station 11a. E-K. Ceratium tripos subsp. atlanticum (Ostenfeld). E, from station 39, off Ecuador; F, from station 61, southern part of southeast Pacific region; G, from station 118, northeast of Japan in cold North Pacific region; H, from station 43, region of Galapagos Islands; I, from station 6h, North Sea. L-N. Ceratium triyos subsp. semipulchellum (Jorgensen). L, from station 68, south- east Pacific region; M, from station 46, southeastern part of warm Pacific region; N, from station 1, Gulf Stream of Atlantic. Fig. 14. A, Ceratium humile Jorgensen, from station 1, Gulf Stream. B-F. Ceratium pulchellum Schroder. B, long-horned form resembling semipulchel- lum, from station 15, warm Atlantic; C, wide form from station 63, southeast Pacific; D, typical form from station 138 northeast of Hawaii, warm Pacific; E, from station 19, warm Atlantic; F, from station 87, near Tuamotu Islands, warm Pacific. G-P. Ceratium breve (Ostenfeld and Schmidt) Schroder. G, from station 41a, near Galapagos Islands; H, two-celled chain from station 35a, Panama region (shows a transition between the curvulum and parallelum types); I, form similar to C. schmidtii Jorgensen, from station 150, warm Pacific; J, specimen from station 91, intermediate between the schmidtii form and the typical breye; K, open form resembling C. arcuatum, from station 16, warm Atlantic; L, from station 105, western warm Pacific; M, from station 30, warm Atlantic; N, from station 24, warm Atlantic; O, from station 16, warm Atlantic; P, another specimen resembling C. schmidtii, from station 35, Panama region. 170 x 100 — J X 170 x 170) G < x (70 H xX 170 x 170 I x 170 x 170 K x 170 Xx 170 L X 170 Pp x 170 M X170 x 170 x 170 N x 170 FIG. 14 171 FIGURES 15 and 16 Fig. 15. A, Ceratium compressum Gran from station 61, southeast Pacific. B-C. Ceratium filicorne Nielsen. B, from south of Easter Island, station 57; C, from near Samoa, station 93. D-E. Ceratium axiale Kofoid. D, from off Japan, station 112; E, from station 63, southeast Pacific region. F-G. Ceratium aultiin. sp. F, from station 72, off Peru; G, from station 151, eastern warm Pacific region. H-I. Ceratium symmetricum Pavillard. H, variety orthoceros Jorgensen, from sta- tion 43, north of Easter Island; I, variety symmetricum Pavillard, from station 153, eastern warm Pacific region. J-L. Variety coarctatum Pavillard. J, from station 67, southeast Pacific region; K, from station 153; L, from station 57, south of Easter Island. | M-N. Ceratium euarcuatum Jorgensen. M, from station 16, warm Atlantic; N, from station 1b, warm Atlantic. Fig. 16. A-K. Ceratium arietinum Cleve. From station 130, off California. B, from station 73, off Peru (answers to southern form of bucephalum of Peters); C, from station 61, southern end of southeast Pacific region (also corresponds to southern form of bucephalum); D, from station 127, cold North Pacific (corresponds to Pacific northern form of bucephalum); E, specimen from same sample showing the more typical arietinum form; F, from station 46, eastern tropical Pacific (corresponds to subsp. gracilentum of the Atlantic); G, from station 148, between United States and Hawaii (small arietinum type); H, from station 6h, North Sea (corresponds to C. bucephalum of the North Atlantic); I, from station 130, off California; J, from station 110, between Japan and Guam; K, subspecies gracilentum of Atlantic, from sta- tion 22, North Equatorial Current. L, Ceratium petersii Nielsen. From station 61, southern end of southeast Pacific re- gion. M-P. Ceratium azoricum Cleve. M, from station 44, west of Galapagos; N, from station 110, between Japan and Guam; O, from station 127, cold North Pacific; P, from sta- tion 6, off Ireland. Q-T. Ceratium declinatum Karsten. Q, variety declinatum from station 15, North Atlantic West Wind Drift; R, from station 67, southeast Pacific region (characteristic of southeast Pacific but found in other regions as well); S, variety majus from station 3, cold North Atlantic; T, variety laticornum from station 13a, cold Atlantic region. 172 173 FIGURES 17 and 18 Fig. 17. A-C. Ceratium declinatum Karsten. A, short-horned form of variety angusticornum, from station 37, Panama region of Pacific; B, long-horned form of var. angusticornum from the Pacific, station 54; C, similar form from the Atlantic, station 18. D-G. Ceratium gibberum Gourret. D, ‘typical form of the species, from station 95, region of Samoa; E, chain of two cells, from. station 48 north of Easter Island; F, form subaequale Jérgensen, from station 114, off Japan; G, variant of main species with elongated and nongibbous body, from off west coast of Panama, station 37. H-I. Ceratium concilians Jorgensen. H, typical form from station 118, northeast of Japan; I, form with more regular horns corresponding to f. subaequale of C. gibberum, from station 130, off California. J-N. Ceratium lunula Schimper. J, brachyceros form from Atlantic, station 1b; K, chain of two cells showing regeneration of antapical horns, from station 1b; L, magaceros form with widely spreading horns, from station 158, central tropical Pacific; M, magaceros form with extremely long antapical horns, from station 40, off Ecuador; N, heavy-walled magaceros form from Atlantic, station 2. Fig. 18. A-C. Ceratium carnegiein. sp. A, from station 158, northeast of Samoa. B and C, from station 151, southeast of Hawaii. D- N. Ceratium contortum Cleve. D, from station 148, between Hawaii and the United States; E, from station 88, near Tahiti; F, from station 1, Gulf Stream; G, from station . 107, near Guam; H, from station 158, northeast of Samoa; I, from station 148, between Hawaii and the United States; J, from station 138, near Hawaii; K, from station 131, off California; L, from station 26, Atlantic North Equatorial Current; M, from station ‘103, north of the Marshall Islands; N, from station 52, southeast of Easter Island. 174 FIGURES 19 and 21 > Fig. 19. A, Ceratium limulus Gourret from station 17, central North Atlantic; B, Ceratium paradoxides Cleve from station 25, Atlantic North Equatorial Current. C-H. Ceratium platycorne Daday. C, from station 93, near Samoa; D and E, from station 25, North Equatorial Current, Atlantic; F, from station 41, between Galapagos Is- lands and Ecuador; G, from station 15, North Atlantic West Wind Drift; H, from station 1 off east coast of United States. I-K. Ceratium ranipes Cleve. I, from station 47, north of Easter Island; J, from station 48, north of Easter Island (same specimen as in fig. 20); K, from station 30, east of the Caribbean Sea. Fig. 21. A, Ceratium ranipes Cleve. From station 16, North Atlantic West Wind Drift. B-F. Ceratium macroceros Cleve. B, subspecies gallicum, from station 139, near Hawaii; C, from station 61, southeastern Pacific, possibly the subantarctic subspecies; D, subspecies gallicum from station 128, off west coast of United States; E, same specimen as in D, lower magnification; F, subspecies macroceros from station 10, southeast of Greenland. 176 FIGURES 20 and 22 Fig. 20. Ceratium ranipes Cleve with extreme number of “fingers” on antapical horns. From station 48, northof Easter Island. Full ventral view of this specimen is shown in fig. 19J. Fig. 22. A, Ceratium carriense Gourret, from station 1, Gulf Stream; B, Ceratium trichoceros (Ehr.) Kofoid, from station 50, near Easter Island. C-D. Ceratium deflexum Kofoid. C, ventral view of specimen from station 152, Pacific North Equatorial Current; D, right lateral view of same showing ventral curvature of antapical horns. E. Ceratium contrarium (Gourret) Pavillard. Four-celled chain from station 52, near Easter Island. F-L. Ceratium massiliense (Gourret) Jorgensen. E, four-celled chain of form di- verging toward C. contrarium, from station 52, south of Easter Island; F, two-celled chain from station 152, Pacific North Equatorial Current; G, form with posteriorly extended posterior horns, from station 143, central North Pacific; H, form simulating C. deflexum, from station 18, Sargasso Sea; I, variety protuberans (Karsten) Jorgensen, from station 80, eastern tropical Pacific; J, variant from station 37, Pacific Panama region; K, variant from station 85, near Tuamotu Islands; L, variety armatum (Karsten) Jorgensen, from sta- tion 25, Atlantic North Equatorial Current. 178 179 FIGURES 23 and 24 Fig. 23. A-H. Ceratium vultur Cleve. A, variety recurvum Jérgensen from station 29, east of the Caribbean Sea; B, variety reversum n. var. from station 40, off Ecuador; C, variety pavillardii (J6rgensen) from station 132, between California and Hawaii; D, variety sumatranum (Karsten) from station 138, near Hawaii; E, variety japonicum (Schréder) from station 104, northeast of Guam; F, variety japonicum from station 153, central Pacific; G, variety regulare n. var. from station 47, north of Easter Island; H, variety vultur (Cleve) from station 156, central Pacific. I, K. Ceratium horridum var. molle (Kofoid) Jorgensen. I, from station 26, Atlantic North Equatorial Current; K, from station 130, off California. J, L. Ceratium horridum var. claviger (Kofoid). C, from station 1b, Gulf Stream; D, from station 96, between Samoa and Phoenix islands. Fig. 24. A-B. Ceratium contrarium (Gourret) Pavillard. A, from station 19, Sar- gasso Sea; B, Ceratium contrarium var. clayiceps Schréder, from station 152, North Equatorial Current of Pacific. C-I. Ceratium horridum Gran. C, from station 151, Pacific North Equatorial Cur- rent; D, from station 8, cold North Atlantic; E, from station 35, Pacific Panama region; F, from station 126, south of Gulf of Alaska; G, from station 6f, cold North Atlantic; H, from station 1b, Gulf Stream; I, from station 114, off Japan. 180 181 FIGURES 25 and 26 Fig. 25. A-C, E-G. Ceratium horridum Gran. A, from station 128, off west coast of United States; B, from station 41a, near Galapagos; C, from station 111, southeast of Japan; E, from station 61, cool southeast Pacific; F, from station 72, off Peru; G, from station 151, Pacific North Equatorial Current. D, Ceratium horridum var. molle (Kofoid) Jorgensen, from station 3, North Atlantic West Wind Drift. Fig. 26. A-B. Ceratium longissimum (Schréder) Kofoid. A, from the Atlantic, station 25; B, from the Pacific, station 80. C-D. Ceratium tenue Ostenfeld and Schmidt. C, variety inclinatum (Kofoid) Jérgen- sen from station 30, east of Caribbean Sea; D, variety tenuissimum (Kofoid) Jorgensen from station 15, North Atlantic Drift. E-H. Ceratium arcticum (Ehrenberg) Cleve. E, variety ventricosum Ostenfeld from station 1la, off Greenland; F, variety _arcticum (Ehrenberg) Cleve from station 19, Sargasso Sea; G, same from station 146, between California and Hawaii; H, same from station 13, off Newfoundland. 182 183 FIGURE 27 Fig. 27. A-E. Ceratium arcticum (Ehrenberg) Cleve. A, variety arcticum from station 13, off Newfoundland (enlarged ventral view of body showing sutures); B, same specimen, dorsal view; C, variety longipes (Bailey) Gran from station 8, off Iceland; D, same from station 123, off Aleutian Islands; E, same from station 117, northeast of Japan. F-G. Ceratium hexacanthum Gourret. F, from station 50, near Easter Island; G, chain of four cells from station 103, north of Marshall Islands. H, Ceratium reflexum Cleve, from station 108, north of Guam. 184 185 ew ee i ‘ el ee ies aren Yy Yyy Y cA Oi S CHART |— CERATIUM PRAELONGUM LEM.) KOF. ( ° e ° %° 0 4 Y YH U1 Yfyy YYy fy ° ae. Yj, Ld -—_ tl | EY Pel el ; ) bp, sro 1 |? y Li_L Za... lo ° Go Die TaN ~ Go 8 ° ZB Vy ° NPN Yi Pees LG, Z Jj Yy 7 s ° de St ¥ | = ° ° e ° b/ ° 0% OO N@= 10) ss) GOURRET CHART 2— CERATIUM CEPHALOTUM (LEM.) JORG. jo* YY 7p yy, Ml: tare WS y} ° WN 2 \ oo 3 Y - p ty 8 Y ty, 8 '% Z a me URC DIGITAT UM SCHUTT ere Y y | U el) oe La 2 Yy Yi 9 : s a Lo LY oD Vi ys y 4: 4G to | 1 y x R © 4 ahs WY} Yy RH Se 4 CHART 4— CERATIUM WS Y oF op + Ss hes HES NS h N \ =a N WUE: j A We ° Lips G e uy 2 |5)/a % y YY yy YG Ui, Y sl. " is Yj HE io fe Pe, 5 YY 7) i y i ° B Ao A: f ZY kg ° Z Gf y ‘a ° = ° Z S ° 2 ° YY , y / = oud ~~ i ° z ° > a Y PRS Ps if y) Yj Y Li p UP q ° . 7 vy La Y ; s 2 “ , ie E 2 ° Zo 1 a Mfg : b/ VA % Y} 2 Z 4 ie fy |e -° ave Won 2G len ; j y Yj, lla. lia dp? ag °° | * Dy ome. Le Pp Soe ks » Za Z2 WY Y ZB BELONE INCISUM CERATIUM CHART 8— CERATIUM INCI (KARSTEN) JORG PACIFICUM SUBSP. N. CHART 9— SCERATIUM PENTAGONUM Se SUBSP. TENERUM JORG. \S @ SUBSP. Ld), Marc iter MD yp be 4 Yj y Vj y, A AG Vs ff fy, S Miset SCR rrci| he Ge iy OM “ ; 4 LEGEND é << —_ Zi ads ‘. bis, - = 0 . P) 8 Zi Z» ° = y \, Yn pillow HQ Fillo. Cb 0 ee wl Oe LY fff SS = es 4s »~ | a |||. ee” UK ud ga 4, <4 DS o. hi Uy —~. ° A A & °o Yih ZS LY ile io oo Vi, a ° EN w yn o q A | WA Yy op % p "9 Ee 7 > pa “a Rae oS Q Re ee E 8 pots EL BIGELOW11 KOFOID INFLATUM CHART 13— KOF.) JORG. CHART |4— CERATIUM GOURRET 2 (KOF.) JORG. @ CERATIUM LONGIROSTRUM ( *. = xy NS S iS s 4 FE S 2 CERATIUM CHART |15— CERATIUM FALCATUM YY), Leonia Y ZY Yy Yi UY, 4 a eam LM Lp %Z ; 5 > a y a ° P BI E ao j / Al 2 z ° 2 Y Yyy SS Ms ke pp, ints Ll dp < i oe an « “4, - ul “4 L Z xp, 4 Co Dito a YY Y 4 OSTENFELD) (GOURRET) CLEVE CHART 17— (EHR.) DUJARDIN CHART I8— CERATIUM TRIPOS SUBSP. ATLANTICUM / ° ° ° ~| Cas ADVYSXX KN : =< Sy S CHART |6— CERATIUM EXTENSUM Ca CERATIUM FUSUS i p 2. 2 Yj : IN 4 ty 2 Uj li JT % Y G 4 AO JZ Qn\ B° & GCE a Z & y 7 Wh Y ° ° . gee — “harm? ae o© 80 \ Ss a oe La i S CANNES TI S RGCO[EBGK S SG NAS > S Y? CHART 20— CERATIUM PULCHELLUM We EASTER |. ° ° N =: Wh ° o| S > re PS 2 Wr ES YL00 Y NFS WY & S ——" SE SSEN TT WO TERS WSN EO MK WW WG = Pp SCHRODER lo ° ° ° CHART 2I— CERATIUM BREVE (OST. AND SCHM.) SCHRODER eT Gee CTY - Ss \ KS SN _ i 50M LEGEND 6 =om e 28 OF Zz 52 i Yip | E ul L >= & x 77 ‘ g JUsJsé[jyjj 4 LYM Ve Se ae ji ° ° ° Ma of, 2 y q H° Ol ° ° Wa He S, ° ° peas aes ead YY Gg 2 yf z yy “Yt 4 P Si Sa ae so ore vat hf 2 Ok wy vA qd aq 0 ae 03 Yi, Gy rd ii H Wire 5 —G Gy? 4 tyr yw | 3| z ed o ° of 0 5 ° ° ° t) % PY, - Bt d 8 4 y a , % 4 ) yy : 1 ae 50-04 s LZ 4 a ge Q RA Yar, Bm Va: Z = ios Za 0 tae by, ee a di Ua E WSR EE: VLE arp Mo & “G6 Cay Se ‘ CONTORTUM CHART 3!1— CERATIUM LUNULA SCHIMPER CHART 32— GOURRET (GOURRET) CLEVE CHART 33— CERATIUM LIMULUS CERATIUM Y yy 4 D Y ig ] Y Wy N 4 72 Yui Co%,| 4 ai YZ Y Z Nd ont As Nes ° o|2 52 2 TPR, Yn hom | » | - 1! |p cain ae et ~ Dy ay PARADOXIDES PLAT YCORNE CLEVE CHART 34— CHART 35— Uy ~~ al CHART 36— CERATIUM RANIPES CERATIUM CERATIUM Sa Ss AGp, Wit UN E ai LT» f y ° 4 Zp 5 A Yeo Vilas al AG mn Vilas peek j 4 G/ SO De p : Zi Eo eo 5 5 NG Yo ° UP “ ° AP y AC, 7 a OD

} Fe ce a = ae <_O} D> Fr hepa —Q = Zi CHART 37— Y CERATIUM MACROCEROS GALLICUM KOFOID \W\Go@ suBSP. MACROCEROS SUBSP. N. iS 4@ SUBSP. = 0 4 “Lara (eB eae SSS Ue LV 4 WZ Ky SS aE PY), Eo CHART 39-— 4 \ SAUGG{ - N Cc JORGENSEN ERATIUM DEFLEXUM KOFOID) ( Ss INNS ° \ ° ° ASI Ri on ° SS Po 2) S ° ° o — 2 BS <1 Ce PR ee (7 | PR EE amr, Yi QA V7 YZ KOFOID CHART 40— CERATIUM CARRIENSE GOURRET CHART 42— CERATIUM TRICHOCEROS (EHRENBERG da ||P; £2 vA 0, . i a a ( - fi aS a i Z ae ES :) E yy) Z - - | I 1 Pe y | CHART 41— CERATIUM CONT RARIUM a Z 4 G YYW SA YW yyy Yyy Uy “a Y Yyfo 2 = oewn 2 wi ° oO pow iat = s wii Wout = os z el a = : 2 : E 7 ie AG we y y oa es 7 eat Leas ’ B ’ 2 gi %) ‘ 5 ° % A ‘ “ a \ \ 3 ye ve 3 y nie 3} 8 J 3] [8 J A 3 9 DF q d y ) ZY ¥ eo Uppy ‘. ° ~ a ° Yyyyyy 2% ° “4 ° Vy Y . . Yy ty - ° - 2 2 ° f GA PS npn 1 a : al i liane) Ym . Mrs 4 vA vA A i Z Mhbow i, Cian CR . 4 >> re VULTUR CLEVE CHART 43— CERATIUM GRAN. CHART 44— CERATIUM HORRIDUM Y wy Luar) V “i, 10 7/7) 5 el Ys Se yas 2: >S 3 Moen CHART 45— CERATIUM TENUE OSTENFELD AND SCHMIDT coos. J)» Pm anes 1 17 ] VU a g3d o bine ; [ 7 7 : 4) Y rl NG NN 4 mace ° Bilal oo 0 e. LEGEND ° =OM J a = 50M = 100M c) ———= ° ES | eer. ae! eee = Dy 0, °° 0 i Y ie Lipp ox 4 le 203 9, ‘SAUNLVYSdWIL JOvINNS—OS LYVHO ZON39Y¥3ANOD Y¥v¥10dsnsS—— — — BON39Y3ANOD TvIIdOY¥isNs————--— ON3937 00/0 NI S3ILINIVWS 39v4uNS—IS LYWHO ew/Vod 8w ‘sua13W 0S 'WaddN 40 1N31NOD 31VHdSOHd NV3W—zS LUVHO 206 STOSNYVD 3HL AB O3SUSAVYL SHSLVM 3HL NI JONVGNNEY-S3ID3dS 40 SINOZ—ES LYWHD NOlLWLS Y3d S3ID3dS OI-O + ON3937 FTOSNYVS 3H1 AG GASHIAVYL SYZLWM 3HL NI S3NOZ 3411 Wnllvd39—pS LYVvHD BHiNOS ® NOIS38 . SILANY Ty WeWM mM NOIS3Y DILNV IY G105 I NOI9S3Y . . . ¢ . 7 . . . = 3 : . . , D1a)ovd We | NoIo3¥ . . Waa a 21a13vd HLYON A105 I Noi9348 . Agulhas Current, 16 Arctic currents, 1 arcticum, C., 43, 155, 182-185, 202 arietinum, C., 31, 95, 172, 195 aultii, C., 30, 172 axiale, C., 30, 94, 172, 195 azoricum,C., 30, 94, 172, 195 belone, C., 19, 59, 166, 189 igelowil, C., 22, 67, 168, 191 bohmii, C., 22, 66, 168 ie