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NAIROBI

ORNITHOLOGICAL
SUB-COMMITTEE, EANHS

(C) Dr Margaret Carswell, 1986

Published by the Ornithological Sub-Committee of the
East African Natural History Society and available from
D.A. Turner, P.O. Box 48019, Nairobi, Kenya.

Printed in Kenya by
English Press, P.O. Box 30127
Enterprise Road, Nairobi

Preface and Acknowledgements
PREECE LOM 6. 5s ee es
Topography Ge ae aes
Vegetation 00 eae ee
SEE ks ee me
Climate ES ea
Order and Nomenclature a
Sources of Data SA Rie
Source of Bias 2 Ee ea ae

Definitions and Abbreviations

CONTENTS

a

Appendix A :
Appendix B :
New to the Area
0 oe
References aaa We, ss
Index of Scientific Names ..

Index of English Names we

Unconfirmed Records requiring Verification

.

Additions and Corrections up to June 1984 with species

69

70

72

13

77

85

PREFACE

The object.of this paper is to summarize all the available data, published and
unpublished, referring to the distribution and status of birds in an area of
approximately 35 - 40 kilometres radius from Kampala. Because the area is
relatively small it is possible to go into greater detail for each species than
is done in other works, for example Britton (1980).

In collating all the available information the obvious gaps in knowledge are
clearly brought out. Fairly elementary facts about relatively common birds are
simply not known. For example the paucity of breeding records is remarkable.
Furthermore there is a lack of dated records for many species, and migratory
patterns are unknown. Many species are assumed to be resident when there is no
local breeding record, and few accurately dated records. In the present paper
this is emphasised, and the probable status of some species qualified by a
comment. Some tentative suggestions are made regarding the status of certain
species, and these should be regarded as working hypotheses and not as
definitive statements.

I am greatly indebted to a number of people for help of various sorts. The
late Capt. C.R.S. Pitman, who did much work here in the past, provided much
useful information. Dr J. Ash, A. Forbes-Watson, R. Frankum, D. Halstead,

Rev. P. Hamel, P. Volrath and, in particular, A. Sheldon have contributed many
hours of help in the field. They, Dr D. Pearson and Prof. D. Pomeroy have kindly
allowed me to use their unpublished records. Hazel Britton and B. Taylor have
been most helpful in answering my questions on breeding records. G. Backhurst
and Dr D. Pearson have read an earlier draft and made many helpful suggestions.

I am also grateful to G. Backhurst for his help and expertise with the publishing
of this paper and in particular for preparing the map. Without the help of these
people, and especially their unpublished records, this paper would be far less
complete.

I hope that this paper will provide a base line for future work. Any errors
are mine, and I should be grateful to hear of additions and corrections.

INTRODUCTION

BACKGROUND

The history of ornithological work in this area goes back to the end of the
last century when early workers necessarily confined their activities to
collecting and describing specimens. This emphasis gradually changed when
collecting expeditions gave way to individuals who, while living in the area,
were able to contribute considerably to knowledge in the field. Many of these
workers were in Government service and, because Entebbe and later Kampala was
the seat of Government, this area became one of the best worked areas in East
Africa. This trend away from mere collecting continued in Jackson's monumental
work, finished by Sclater in 1938 (Jackson 1938). Although over forty years
old this remains one of the best sources of information available today.
Other notable works include Seth-Smith (1913), van Someren (1922 and 1932),
Pearson (1972a & b), Okia (1976) and Hamel (1980).

CHANGES IN RECENT YEARS

There have been several changes in distribution and status in recent years.
These are noted under the species accounts and only a few general comments will
be made here.

Some forest species have certainly suffered during the destruction of the
forests which continues here, as elsewhere in East Africa. However, very little
quantitative work has been done in this field in recent years so the position is
not accurately known. It seems fairly certain, however, that some forests and in
particular the Mabira, and probably the Zika, have been badly affected.

The drainage of swamps has also doubtless had an adverse effect on certain
species, and in particular rails and crakes seem to be less common than
previously. However, active swamp drainage appears to have ceased in the
last two decades, at least in this area, if not elsewhere in Uganda and, as
far as can be ascertained, the swamp habitats are now fairly stable. They
continue to be important to visiting Palaearctic species. Throughout East
Africa certain Palaearctic gulls, terns, ducks and waders are increasing their
range, and are now being recorded in new areas including the Kampala region.

The destruction of habitat such as thickets and bushed grassland is an
ongoing process. However, it tends to be patchy, and attempts at settlement
in new areas is often abandoned, and is quickly followed by regeneration of
the vegetation. Overgrazing is not a big problem here, and cattle herds tend
to be moved on before irreparable damage is done to the vegetation. The
cutting of smaller trees, and also sometimes the larger ones for fuel is
regrettably common. The smaller trees and thickets regenerate fairly rapidly,
but the lightly wooded areas with large trees have been very adversely
affected over the last 10 to 15 years.

Certain species have become more urbanized in recent years, and are now
established in many Kampala gardens. (See later.)

TOPOGRAPHY

Lake Victoria lies at 1134 m above sea level, and the relative relief of
its northern shore in our area is low, being about 150 m. The highest point
is at 1320 m. The north shore consists of a number of small flat-topped, or
gently rounded hills and ridges, separated by broad, often papyrus-filled
valleys. This broken hilly country slopes gradually away to the north, where
it becomes flatter towards the Lake Kyoga complex of swamps. The shore of
Lake Victoria itself consists of numerous rocky peninsulas with intervening
papyrus-fringed bays.

VEGETATION

At one time the north shore of Lake Victoria west of the Nile supported an
extensive forest belt, which linked up with the great forests of eastern Zaire
via the forests of western Uganda. However, increasing settlement in the area
in historical times, and the resulting destruction of forest has resulted in
Significant changes in the vegetation. The original forest remains in a few
relatively small patches such as Mabira, Mpanga and Kifu.

The papyrus-choked bays of the lake shore are often edged with trees,
forming a broken belt of varying widths. The trees may be fairly large and
the undergrowth extensive. These belts are sometimes a mere fringe only a few
metres wide, but in other places they form forest patches, or small forests
which are frequently swampy in nature e.g. Zika.

The rocky promontories support only a thin cover of vegetation. This
consists mostly of knee-high grass and scattered thickets often surrounding
termite mounds. There is usually fringing papyrus, or other vegetation at
the water's edge, but large trees are few.

Inland away from the lake, the flat-topped hills are usually bare of large
trees, but support grass and thickets. Between the hills the fingers of
Papyrus swamp reach throughout the area. Often the smaller swamps have been
drained, and cultivation occupies the valley bottoms and climbs part way up
the hillsides. Typically, forest remnants occur throughout in small patches

fringing the swamps in the valleys. In the north the tendency is for the land
to become flatter, and the areas of grass more extensive, with increasing
acacia woodland. ;

Cultivation has continued in ever increasing amounts. The main victims of
this are the open woodland and thicket habitats. How serious is the destruct-
ion of true forest habitat is not accurately known, but it is certain that
round the edges of the forests chopping for firewood and charcoal, and clearing
for cultivation is widespread and unchecked. The thickets regenerate fairly
rapidly, and regenerating and degraded woodland interspersed with cultivation,
grassland and papyrus swamps are the main features of this area.

J

HABITATS

FOREST Mabira Forest is the largest, and only moist semi-deciduous forest in
the area. All other forests are moist evergreen, though the distinction
between the two is not great here. There is considerable undergrowth consist-
ing of herbs and shrubs in all the forests. Many forests, including Mabira
have swamp forest communities within them, and there are many forest streams
throughout. _

In addition to these blocks of forest there are many forest remnants, which
are often found round the edges of the main forest areas, and also border the
Swamps. There are also numerous patches of woodland, and fairly extensive
stands of trees which rarely contain any large trees, and which merge into bush.

GRASSLAND AND THICKET this bushed and wooded grassland forms an important
habitat and covers most of this area. Cultivation, if left untended gradually
reverts to this type. Thickets are often formed surrounding termite mounds,
and consist largely of woody shrubs and small trees. Large trees are few in
this environment. Cutting for fuel tends to be concentrated on these thickets,
which are often cut right back until the area is almost cleared. Fortunately
the rate of regeneration of such thickets is fast, and they quickly recover.

SWAMPS though many swamps have been drained sincé Jackson wrote (1938) papyrus
Swamps are still very extensive. It seems that reed swamps were more common
in earlier decades, especially on the Entebbe peninsula. Nowadays nearly all
Swamps are papyrus Cyperus, but some Miscanthidium swamps also occur. Most
Papyrus swamps are dense, with very few breaks in the cover. The occasional
open swamp with mudbanks and muddy beaches form a very important habitat,
especially for visiting Palaearctic waders. These stretches of open shallow
water within a swamp often sustain floating vegetation, such as water-lilies,
and other floating macrophytes. Fortunately these swamps are interfered with
very little.

SANDY BEACHES the narrow sandy beaches on Entebbe peninsula, and particularly
near the Airport form an important habitat for certain Palaearctic waders and
plovers, and many species have been recorded there.

OFFSHORE ISLANDS not much work has been done on these islands recently.
In the past they used to be important breeding sites, and probably still are.

OPEN WATER very few birds are seen on the open waters of the Lake. Some
species make use of the quiet bays, and the shallow open water in certain
Swamps. Dead trees, the result of a rise in the water level of the lake some
20 years ago, are present in some of the bays and are used for roosting and
perching.

CULTIVATION this forms part of the forest/grassland/cultivation mosaic so
characteristic of this part of Uganda. Most of this is subsistance or small

scale farming, and the crops most often planted are banana, cassava, beans

and maize. There are few places where large scale farming is carried out such
as Namulonge and Lubowa. Generally, well tended cultivation supports few bird
species. Rank and overgrown cultivation however attracts many. Kajansi Fish
Farm with its muddy pools and shallow water forms a specialised type of
cultivated habitat, and attracts many Palaearctic waders.

URBAN HABITATS when it is realised that urban habitats are of such recent
appearance in Africa, it is fascinating to consider the way in which so many
species not only tolerate, but positively flourish in such an environment.

As may be expected, Little Swifts Apus affinis and Striped Swallows Hirundo
abyssinica nest on buildings. The former species was apparently unrecorded
here in Jackson's day. But less obviously, Marabous Leptoptilos crumeniferus
and Cattle Egrets Bubulcus ibis find food in urban rubbish dumps and, very
recently, Open-billed Storks Anastomus lamelligerus have been observed in the
vicinity of these rubbish dumps, and now breed in urban areas. Woodland and
Striped Kingfishers Halcyon senegalensis and H. chelicuti, Bee-eaters
Meropidae and Grey-backed Fiscals Lanius excubitorius all commonly use tele-
graph wires as vantage points for observing prey. Ruppell's Long-tailed
Glossy Starling Lamprotornis purpuropterus is now the urban starling here,
and even such species as the Black and White Flycatcher Bias musicus is
becoming urbanised. In the last decade the Red-chested Sunbird Nectarinia
erythroceria has been observed by urban swimming pools. These are only a
few examples of an interesting and continuing trend.

CLIMATE

The main factor affecting climate here is the presence of Lake Victoria.
This has a great effect on rainfall which is directly related to proximity to
the Lake. Rain occurs on average on 150 days of the year, and it is fairly
well distributed throughout with two peaks, one in March to May (main rains),
and again in October and November. There are two relatively dry periods
occurring between December and March, and again in June and July. Even in
these dry periods there are frequent thunder storms, and some rain occurs in
every month. The annual rainfall is 1500 mm at Entebbe and 1250 mm at Kampala.
However, in any given year there may be considerable variation from the mean.

There is little seasonal variation in temperature, and the diurnal variation
is only, about 7° Cs

ORDER AND NOMENCLATURE

This follows Birds of Fast Africa (Britton (ed.) 1980).

SOURCES OF DATA

A bibliography is appended in two groups. Group A are those works cited
in the species accounts, and Group B those works consulted but, generally,
not cited in the species accounts.

The literature has been combed fairly thoroughly, and most of the papers
concerning this area have been read.

Museum collections outside Uganda have not been examined, as this has
proved impractical.

Unpublished data of observers in this area, including personal observations,
have been freely incorporated.

SOURCES OF BIAS

The uneven distribution of observers, especially in the last 10 years has
led to under-recording in certain habitats, notably forests and areas away
from the Lake shore. Conversely the lake shore swamps and areas near Kampala
have been well worked. Also the absence of observers on leave during the
European summer i.e. July and August results in fewer records for these months.

DEFINITIONS AND ABBREVIATIONS

First number = number used in Birds of East Africa (Britton (ed.) 1980).
Second number = number used in African Handbook of Birds Series 1
(Mackworth-Praed & Grant 1957, 1960)

* = see Appendix B for further records.

There follows in most of the species accounts a short statement of status.

Res. = resident i.e. basically non-migratory, most individuals remain in the
area throughout the year.

Prob. = probably. This qualifies a statement, and is usually used when
records are lacking.

P. = Palaearctic.

Pass. = passage. Used to qualify migrant. Said of a species which passes
through this area both on its northerly (Palaearctic spring) and
southerly (Palaearctic autumn) migrations.

Mig. = migrant i.e. all or most individuals make regular seasonal movements
between their breeding and wintering grounds.

Loc. = local. Used to qualify migrant. Said of a species which moves short
distances, often in response to rainfall, other climatic conditions or
food supply.

Intra-Afr. = intra-African. Used to qualify migrant. Said of a species
which migrates fairly long distances in a regular manner, but does not
leave Africa.

WV. = winter visitor, implies from the Palaearctic winter.

Wan. = wanderer. Said of a species which does not make the clear cut movement
of a migratory species, but whose movements appear to be more or less
random, perhaps influenced by food supply.

Breeds = breeding records in this area, though not necessarily recent ones.

There has been an attempt to quantify the records, however imperfectly,
and distinction is made between the numbers of individuals seen, and frequency
with which the species is seen.

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The following refer to numbers of individuals seen

Ab. = abundant
Num. = numerous
F. num. = fairly numerous

Few = few

The following refer to frequency with which the species is seen

REM = recorded in every month, with no obvious seasonal variations in
numbers, unless otherwise stated.

V. com. = very common. Very approximately can be seen almost every day.
Com. = common. Very approximately can be seen almost every week.

F. com. = fairly common. Seen from time to time.

Uncom. = uncommon. About 10 - 15 records, some of them recent.

Sc. = scarce. Fewer than 10 records, some of them recent.

A species therefore can be described as com., few, which implies that there
may be one or two individuals which can be seen regularly, as distinct from
com., num., which implies many more individuals will be present.

Lake = Lake Victoria

Area covered is approximately 35 - 40 kilometres radius from Kampala,
from Mpanga Forest in the west, to Namulonge in the north, Mabira
Forest in the east, and including the whole of the Entebbe peninsula.

References are given for all species classed as scarce or uncommon.
As virtually all the species are mentioned in the references in Group B,
these works have generally not been cited under References. Undated names
refer to personal communications or other unpublished data.

The last date for records is 31 December 1983, but a few particularly
interesting records for the early months of 1984 are also included.

Margaret Carswell, P.O. Box 151, Kampala, Uganda.

"

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SPECIES RECORDED

Family PODICIPEDIDAE Grebes

Tachybaptus ruficollis capensis Little Grebe 4
Com.-£.com., few, prob.res. & wan., breeds, REM except July.

Widespread throughout in swamps round the Lake shore, also in dams and
pools inland where there is cover, especially during the rains in April,
May and November.

Family PELECANIDAE Pelicans

Pelecanus onocrotalus White Pelican 331
Sc., few, wan., no breeding records. Recorded occasionally in January,
February, October and November in swamps at Entebbe. Usually in small
groups, but one large flock has been recorded. Refs: BNL 15, Ash, pers.obs.

Pelecanus rufescens Pink-backed Pelican 32
F. com., few, loc., mig., no breeding records. Single birds, or small
groups recorded from the Lake shore; also a few inland records. Seems to
be fairly regular between August and April, with most records in January.

Family PHALACROCORACIDAE Cormorants

Phalacrocorax africanus Long-tailed Cormorant 27
V. com., num., res., breeds, REM. Widespread along the Lake shore, and

in swamps, sometimes in quite large numbers. Also occurs in small

inland pools, where it is usually solitary. There is no clear migratory
pattern sin, thisaneas

Phalacrocorax carbo lucidus Greater Cormorant 25
V. com., num., res., breeds, REM. Widespread all round the Lake shore,
both singly and in fairly large numbers. Prefers larger stretches of
water, and is not found in small pools and dams. There is no clearly
marked migratory pattern, but numbers do vary erratically.

Family ANHINGIDAE Darters

Anhinga rufa rufa Darter 28
Sc., few, prob. res., breeds. Recorded at Entebbe (April, September,
October), Gaba (March, October) and Kisubu (July). Usually singly,
perched on dead trees at the Lake shore; also sometimes swimming in the
bays. Prefers quiet Lake-side bays with fringing papyrus and reeds,

with dead trees in the water. Apparently common in the past, but there
have been no records during the last ten years.

Family ARDEIDAE Herons, Bitterns, Egrets
Sub-family Botaurinae

Ixobrychus minutus payesii Little Bittern 50b ©
Sc., few, status unclear, prob.res., breeds. Very few recent records,
but a bird of the race payesii was found dead in a swamp in Kampala in
October, and there is a sight record from Kanyamusanga in April. Was
perhaps more common in the past when it bred; old records at Busi,
Entebbe (March to July, November and December) and Sezibwa. Local and
skulking in habits, keeps well hidden in swampy vegetation.

Refs: van Someren (1916 & 1922); BNL 2, 33; Zoology Museum

25.

26.

275

28.

30.

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a2.

23.

34.

Sub-family Ardeinae

Ardea cinerea cinerea Grey Heron 33
Com. f.num., perhaps res., REM. Local, and usually seen singly, but
sometimes 5 or 6 will appear together in a favoured spot. Prefers

small pools, with adjacent short grass, and is less often seen by the

Lake shore. There is no proper breeding record, but Jackson (1938)

quotes a probable record at Entebbe when a young bird was seen which

still had downy tips to the feathers on the head.

Ardea goliath Goliath Heron 35
Com.,few, res., breeds, REM. Local and always seen singly or in pairs
in swamps and papyrus choked bays round the Lake shore.

Ardea melanocephala Black-headed Heron 34
V.com., f.num., res., breeds, REM. Widespread throughout from central
Kampala, where it is often seen on the grass verges after dark, to the
Lake shore. Frequents short grass areas, playing fields and cultivation.
The large colonies mentioned in the literature in central Kampala and
Entebbe no longer exist, but there are still a few small colonies in the
area.

Ardea purpurea purpurea Purple Heron 36
Com., few, res., breeds, REM. Seen singly or in pairs in most of the
papyrus swamps round the Lake shore, and is often seen overhead.

There is some evidence of seasonal movements in March and April, (Frankum).

Ardeola ralloides ralloides Squacco Heron 43
V.com., num., res. & wan., breeds, REM. Widespread in most of the swamps.
Some seasonal movements are apparent, and it moves to small inland pools,
where there is suitable cover in the form of reeds, or other fringing
vegetation, especially in February and March.

Ardeola rufiventris Rufous-bellied Heron 47
Uncom., few, res., breeds, REM. Occurs in various papyrus swamps round
the Lake shore, including Busi, Gaba, Mabamba, Waiya and inland at
Kajansi. Usually singly or in pairs, but up to four seen together.

Refs: Sharpe (1902); van Someren (1922); BNL 7, 20; Pearson; Frankum;
pers.obs.

Bubulcus ibis ibis Cattle Egret 42
V.com., ab.-num., res. & loc.mig., breeds, REM. There is an increase in
numbers in most years from September to February. Widespread, usually

in flocks in grassy areas, often in association with native cattle.

Also common on traffic round-abouts, and short grass verges in central
Kampala, especially during November and December. Also frequents urban
rubbish dumps where it feeds on the insects present.

Butorides striatus atricapillus Green-backed Heron 45
F.com., few, res., breeds, REM. Local, easily overlooked and possibly
under-recorded. Requires bushes and small trees in the immediate
vicinity of water, and occurs both at the Lake shore and at inland pools.

Egretta alba melanorhynchos Great White Egret 37
Com-f.com., f.num., no breeding records, and probably a non-breeding
visitor, REM except July, but most records are for September to March.
Occasional birds in May and June are in breeding dress. Usually seen
singly, but up to 10 birds together (March). Frequents swamps round

Lake shore, and inland pools and wetlands.

35.6

36:

38.

39%

40.

41.

42.

43.

44.

Egretta ardesiaca Black Heron aj)
Recorded only at Kajansi on 28 February 1981 (three birds), 29 February
1981 (two birds), 31 October 1982 (four birds) and from 13 November to

28 November 1982 (one or two birds). Refs: Sheldon; pers. obs.

Egretta garzetta Little Egret 40
Com., res., £.num., breeds, REM. Seen usually singly in many swamps, on
Lake shore beaches, islands and shallow inland water.

Egretta intermedia brachyrhyncha Yellow-billed Egret 38
Com.-f.com., few, breeds, REM. Occurs usually singly in inland pools
and swamps, and sometimes on Lake shore beaches.

Gorsachius leuconotus White-backed Night Heron* 49
Recorded in the literature at Entebbe. Refs: Anon (1950); Eggling (1951a).

Nycticorax nycticorax nycticorax Night Heron 48
Sc., few, no breeding records. Has been recorded in the past at Entebbe,
Kaazi and Kampala. Recently recorded at the Kabaka's Lake in Kampala,

and there are records of night movements at Entebbe in February and March.
The origin of birds seen here is not clear. They could be either Palae-
arctic or East African breeders. A crepuscular species which inhabits
dense vegetation overhanging water. Refs: BNL 4, 26.

Family BALAENICIPITIDAE Shoebill

Balaeniceps rex Shoebill 54
F.com.,few, res., breeds, REM. Frequents papyrus and reed swamps,
especially on the Entebbe peninsula. Local but fairly regular, usually
Singly or in pairs, but up to 4 seen together, feeding on mudbanks and

in shallow water, or soaring overhead.

Family SCOPIDAE Hamerkop

Scopus umbretta umbretta Hamerkop S 53
V.com., f.num., res., breeds, REM. Widespread, and can turn up almost
anywhere there is water. Seen in quiet backwaters, pools, ditches and

at the Lake shore. After heavy rain it appears at roadside puddles,

and other flooded areas. Usually solitary, but occasionally several

birds will congretate at a favoured site.

Family CICONIIDAE Storks
Sub-family Ciconiinae

Anastomus lamelligerus lamelligerus Open-billed Stork SS)
V.com.-com., num.-f.num., prob.res. & partly mig., breeds, REM.

Frequents swamps and marshy areas, but increasingly found in urban areas,
especially near rubbish dumps. Usually seen singly or in small numbers,
but from December to March flocks of up to 30 birds are not uncommon.
There is a small colony, with Ardea melanocephala in suburban Kampala.

Ciconia abdimii Abdim's Stork 58
Com., num., intra-Afr.mig., pass.mig. g@ non-breeding visitor. Records

are from October to May, being especially common on passage from October/
early December, and February/early March when large flocks of several
hundred are often seen. Widespread, but its appearance is’ erratic. In
December 1965, December 1969, February 1971, 1972/73, 1978/79 and November
1982 very large flocks were present. In other years the numbers were few.
Found in open grassy areas with trees, from Kampala parks and gardens to
playing fields and the Lake shore. In the past it was said to be present

10

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45.

46.

47.

48.

49.

50.

pi.

ao,

at any time of the year, and to breed at Entebbe in April and May
Jackson. (1938). First date : 10 October; last date: 8 May.

Ciconia ciconia ciconia White Stork* . 55
Uncom., few, mainly P.mig., REM except January, August and October.

Most records are for single birds from May to July and in November.

It frequents open grassy areas, but is also seen overhead. Recorded

at Entebbe, Gayaza, Kampala, Kisubi and Namulonge. The large flocks
recorded in the past are no longer seen. Refs: BNL 10,12,14,18,

eee 22th Aig 29, 35, 34; Ash; pers. obs.

Ciconia episcopus microcelis Woolly-necked Stork 57
Sc., few, no breeding records. Seven records of stragglers in recent
years, and dated records are for January, February, July and September.
Usually occurs near water, and most records are for inland dams and
streams. Recorded at Entebbe, Namulonge, Nkokonjeru (near) and over-
head at Kampala. Refs: BNL 18, 23, 30; Ash; pers. obs.

Ciconia nigra Black Stork 56
P. WV. Two sight records only, one of an individual at Kajanai from

24 October to 2 November 1969, and another at Namulonge on 13 December
1971. Refs: BNL 3, 28.

Ephippiorhynchus senegalensis Saddle-billed Stork 60
F.com., few, prob.res. & breeds, but no definite breeding record, REM.
Recorded in small numbers in most of the swamps round the Lake shore,

seen on mudbanks, and at the water's edge. Birds have been seen carrying
nesting material in April, and young birds are often seen.

Leptoptilos crumeniferus Marabou 61
V.com., num., res. & loc.mig., breeds, REM. Old records indicate that

in the past this bird was rarely seen except in the presence of locust
swarms. In recent decades it has increased in numbers, and become an
urban scavenger at rubbish dumps. In Kampala the January population has
been estimated as 560 birds, the July population as 165 and the August
population as 105, Pomeroy (1975).

Sub-family Mycteriinae

Mycteria ibis Yellow-billed Stork 62
F.com., few, status uncertain, no breeding records, REM except June,

but most records are for October/November and for March. Young birds

have been seen in February, March, May and October. There are indications
that it may be becoming more common. Occurs by water in swamps and inland
pools.

Family THRESKIORNITHIDAE Ibises, Spoonbills
Sub-family Threskiornithinae

Bostrychia hagedash brevirostris Hadada 65a
V.com., num., res., breeds, REM. Widespread throughout in pairs and

small groups in short grass areas, ranging from the Lake side to
urban lawns.

Plegadis falcinellus falcinellus Glossy Ibis 68
Sc., P. or intra-Afr.mig. Two records of single birds in wetlands at
Namulonge (17 January 1971) and Mabamba (7 March 1981), and one of 3

birds at Mabamba (11 March 1981). Refs: BNL 17; Sheldon; pers. obs.

11

54.

55).

56.

oe

60.

oir

62.

Gie

69.

Threskiornis aethiopica aethiopica Sacred Ibis 63
F.com., few, loc.mig. or wan., no breeding records, REM except March,

June and August. Usually seen in small numbers in wet or flooded areas
especially during the rains i.e October/November and April.

Sub-family Plataleinae -

Platalea alba African Spoonbill 70
Sc., wan., no breeding records. One dated record of 3 birds in a muddy
channel in Kampala on 5 February 1969, and an undated record also for
Kampala. Refs: Hopkins (1946); Frankum.

Platalea leucorodia leucorodia Eurasian Spoonbill 69a
There are sight records of a single bird, presumably the same individual

at Kajansi on 4 July and 31 October 1982, throughout November and December
1982 up to 18 January 1983, also on 18 March 1983. Refs: Sheldon; pers.obs.

Family ANATIDAE Ducks, Geese
Sub-family Anserinae

Dendrocygna bicolor Fulvous Whistling Duck 95
F.com., num., loc.mig. & non-breeding visitor. Records for September

to April, and a single June record. Mostly in small flocks of 5-10, but
sometimes up to 100, in swamps and mudbanks round the Lake shore. Less
common than the next species, though often in company with it.

Dendrocygna viduata White-faced Whistling Duck 94
Com.-£.com., ab.-num., loc.mig., no breeding records: REM except Augusit.
Unpredictable, but records are mostly from September to April. Usually

in flocks of 30 or more; occasionally in excess of 100. Often associates
with the last species, and frequents quiet backwaters, reedy bays and mud-
banks round the Lake shore. Occasionally occurs inland.

Sub-family Anatinae

Alopochen aegyptiacus Egyptian Goose 99
Uncom., few, prob.res., breeds, REM except February, April and August.
Usually in pairs or small numbers in short grass near the Lake at

Entebbe Airport, Gaba, Lutembe and on off-shore islands. Appears to

have become more scarce in the last few decades. Refs: van Someren

(1911 and 1916); Eggling (1951a); BNL 15, 17; Nest Record; Ash; pers.obs.

Anas acuta acuta Pintail 92
Sc., P. WV. Recorded at Mabamba on 15 November 1981 (3 birds), and on

31 January 1982 (at least 70 birds). Also a single drake at Kajansi on

18 January, 24 January and 5 February 1983. Refs: Sheldon; pers.obs.

Anas hottentota Hottentot Teal 90
Sc., few, wan., no breeding records. Recorded from swamps, including
Mabamba in January, April and September, and an undated record for
Entebbe. Refs: Sharpe (1902); BNL 13; pers.obs.

Anas querquedula Garganey 88
Uncom., few, P. WV or pass.mig. The commonest Palaearctic duck recorded
here, though still uncommon. Most records are for Mabamba of single birds
in October and November. Also small flocks of 10-15 in January, February
and March, with up to 19 together on 11 March 1981. Found in quiet
shallow backwaters and reedy bays round the Lake shore. Also recorded
inland at Kajansi and Namulonge. Like A. acuta is perhaps becoming more
common. Refs: BNL 15; Sheldon; pers.obs.

12

26

Le

795

80.

82.

87.

Anas undulata undulata Yellow-billed Duck 83a
Com., £.num., prob.res., no breeding records, REM. Present usually in
small numbers in swampy bays round the Lake Shore; occasionally up. to
20 together. Sometimes on inland waters.

Nettapus auritus African Pygmy Goose 97
F.com., few, res., breeds, REM. Prefers bays with floating vegetation,
and reed and papyrus fringed shores. Has not been recorded inland.
Usually in pairs, or small family groups on the water; not seen on mud-
banks.

Plectopterus gambensis Spur-winged Goose 100
Com.-f.com., few, status unclear, perhaps res. & wan. or loc.mig.,

no breeding records, REM. The commonest goose here, though its

presence is unpredictable. Seen on mudbanks, in swamps and bays round ©
the Lake shore, and occasionally on inland waters. Usually in small
numbers, but up to 25 together.

Sarkidiornis melanotos melanotos Knob-billed Duck 98
F.com., few, status unclear, perhaps res. & wan. or loc.mig., no

breeding records, REM except April, September and November, but mostly
seen from January to March. Usually in small numbers round the Lake
shore, but sometimes up to 30; also recorded at inland pools and dams.

Thalassornis leuconotus leuconotus White-backed Duck 74
Sc., no breeding records. One recent record of 6 birds at Mabamba on

11 March 1981. May have been commoner in earlier decades when it was
recorded at Busi and Entebbe. Refs: Sheldon; pers.obs.

Family ACCIPITRIDAE Birds of Prey
Sub-family Aegypiinae

Gypohierax angolensis Palm-nut Vulture 161
V.com.-com., f.num., res., breeds, REM. Fairly regular in central
Kampala, and is widespread throughout in association with oil palms
(Elaeis sp.). Was unrecorded here as recently as 1950 (Pitman).

Gyps africanus African White-backed Vulture 107
Sc., few, wan. Recorded occasionally over Kampala, but is more

usually associated with open acacia country and game parks. There is

an old breeding record near Entebbe. Refs: Nest Record; Pearson.

Neophron monachus pileatus Hooded Vulture 111
V.com., ab., res., breeds, REM. The common urban vulture; widespread,
frequents rubbish dumps, dustbins and markets in Kampala and Entebbe,

as well as villages and rural areas throughout. Pomeroy (1975) gives

the population of Kampala as constant at just over 200.

Neophron percnopterus Egyptian Vulture 110
Sc., few, wan. Occasionally recorded over Kampala in November and

August, but more typically occurs in drier country away from the Lake.
Refs: Allen & Fripp (1964); Frankum; Pearson.

Trigonoceps occipitalis White-headed Vulture 109
Sc., few, wan. Occasional stragglers recorded over Kampala and Entebbe,
but more normally occurs in open plains with game animals. Ref: Pearson.

13

Sz.

WO
WW

94.

S5-

96.

of.

98.

100.

101.

Sub-family Circinae

Circus aeruginosus aeruginosus Eurasian Marsh Harrier 184a
F.com., few, P.WV & possible pass.mig. Records from September to April,
with more records in November and March. Usually seen flying low,

singly or in pairs, in low-lying grassy areas and swamps, both near the
Lake and away from it. First date : 9 September; last date : 18 April;

but Jackson (1938) mentions a May record.

Circus macrourus Pallid Harrier 183
Sc., few, P.WV. Recent dated records are for October, November and
January in open grassy areas at Entebbe and Namulonge. May have

become more scarce in the last few decades, as Jackson (1938) implies

that it was not uncommon by the Lake shore. Refs: Jackson (1914);

BNL 5, 15, 26.

Circus pygargus Montagu's Harrier 182
Recorded in the literature at Entebbe from November to March.

Circus ranivorus African Marsh Harrier 184b
Com., £.num.-few, prob.res. & breeds, REM. Widespread, and usually

seen singly or in pairs by the Lake shore, particularly over swamps.

Also recorded inland in damp low-lying areas.

Sub-family Polyboroidinae

Polyboroides radiatus typus Harrier Hawk 185
V.com.-com., £.num., breeds, res., REM. Has become more common and
widespread during the last 10 years. Often now seen near oil palms
(Elaeis sp.), where it feeds on the nuts, and is common in suburban
Kampala where these palms are present. Also seen near weaver colonies.

Sub-family Circaetinae

Circaetus cinerascens Banded Snake Eagle 157
Uncom.-sc., few, no breeding records, REM except January, October and
December. Few records of single birds in open Lake shore habitat,

with large trees at Entebbe, Kaazi, Lutembe and Mabamba. Refs: BNL 12,
13; Ash; Sheldon; pers.obs.

Circaetus cinereus Brown Snake Eagle 153
F.com., few, prob.res., no breeding records, REM. Fairly widespread

by the Lake shore and inland open grassy areas with tall trees.

Usually seen soaring overhead, singly or in pairs, sometimes even on

the outskirts of Kampala.

Circaetus gallicus pectoralis Black-chested Snake Eagle 154
Uncom.-sc., few, no breeding records. Recorded mostly from Lake shore
habitat at Dewe (February), Entebbe, Gaba (November), Kajansi (March,
May), Kampala, Kyetume and Lutembe (May, June, August).

Refs: van Someren (1932); BNL 7, 18; Ash; Pearson; Sheldon; pers.obs.

Terathopius ecaudatus Bateleur 158
Uncom., few, wan., no breeding records, REM except June and November.
Recorded occasionally at Busi, Kajansi, Kampala, Kisubi, Kyetema, Lubowa,
Lutembe, Mabamba, Mabira and Mukono. Refs: van Someren (1916); BNL 5,12
13,21,27,29,32; Ash; pers-obs.

14

102.

106.

£07.

109.

110.

iti.

nis.

116.

118.

120.

122.

Sub-family Accipitrinae

Accipiter badius sphenurus’ Shikra 176a
Com.-f.com., f.num., res., breeds, REM. Widespread throughout in-

gardens, open woodland and stands of trees. Usually keeps well hidden,

but occasionally perches on exposed branches, or on telegraph wires.

Accipiter melanoleucus melanoleucus Great Sparrowhawk 174
F.com.-uncom., few, prob.res. & breeds. Dated records are for October

to March and in May. Local, seen occasionally in open forest, woodland
and gardens with many trees. May be under-recorded.

Accipiter minullus minullus Little Sparrowhawk 170
Uncom.-sc., few, no breeding records. Dated records for March, June, August
and October. May be under-recorded. Local, and usually keeps well

hidden in the middle of dense foliage in clumps of medium-sized trees,

and woodland patches. Recorded at Kampala, Kisubi, Mukono and Namulonge.
Refs: Hopkins (1946); Allen & Fripp (1964); BNL 7,34; Pearson; pers.obs.

Accipiter ovampensis Ovampo Sparrowhawk 172
Two records for Kampala when specimens were obtained in December 1939.

In East Africa as a whole it is a rare bird, and possibly a migrant,

or wanderer. Ref: Hopkins (1946).

Accipiter rufiventris rufiventris Rufous Sparrowhawk 173a
One record in the literature for "near Kampala" on 8 February 1940;

and one sight record in June 1971 in Kampala. Refs: Hopkins (1946);

Mann (1971); Pearson.

Accipiter tachiro sparsimfasciatus African Goshawk 177b
Com., £.num., res., breeds, REM. Usually seen singly or in pairs. Widespre
in gardens with large and medium-sized trees, in patches of forest and

in woodland. Rarely seen circling overhead.

Aquila pomarina pomarina Lesser Spotted Eagle* 141
Sc., P.mig. Sight records at Namulonge in October, January and
February. Its presence requires confirmation. Refs: BNL 6, 17, 26.

Aquila rapax belisarius Tawny Eagle 139b
Sc., few, wan., no breeding records. Sight records at Namulonge in
January, March and October and Entebbe in October. Common in the drier
areas away from the Lake. Refs: BNL 17, 19, 26; Ash.

Aquila wahlbergi Wahlberg's Eagle 142
F.com., few, status uncertain, prob.res. & pass.mig, breeds, REM except
January and May, but most records are for March and October/November.
Fairly widespread in open woodland, and well wooded grassland. The

pale phase has been recorded here once. Migratory, and elsewhere in
Africa has been observed moving north between late January and early
March, and moving south again between mid-July and early September.

Buteo augur augur Augur Buzzard 167a
Sc., wan., no breeding records. Recorded in the literature for Entebbe,
and two recent sight records for Kikaya (September) and Kisubi

(February). Refs: BNL 13, 31.

Buteo buteo vulpinus Steppe Buzzard 163

Com., ab.-f.num., P.WV & autumn pass.mig. Most records are for October,
and all big flocks are for October and early November, mostly by the Lake
shore. Its presence is erratic; in 1967, 1971, 1974, 1975 and 1983 very
large flocks numbering hundreds or thousands were seen in October. In
other years smaller flocks were present, and it is widespread from Kampala

15

125.

126.

2i

128.

D298

130.

USisbe

134.

TS 5\

NS

to the Lake shore in small numbers from September to March. First
date : 21 September; last date : 22 March.

Hieraaetus africanus Cassin's Hawk Eagle
One sight record for Mabira. Ref: Hamel (1980)

Hieraaetus dubius Ayres' Hawk Eagle 144
Sc., few, no breeding records. Recorded at Entebbe (October, November),
Kampala (May, December), Kifu (July) and Namulonge (July). Usually a
resident of forest patches and adjacent open countryside. Refs: Hopkins
(1946); BNL 24, 35; Hamel (1980); Ash.

Hieraaetus pennatus pennatus Booted Eagle 145
Sc., P.WV. Dated sight records for Namulonge on 8 October 1971, at

Gaba on 21 December 1980 and 17 January 1982 and one at Entebbe on

17 October 1983, also one undated sight record for the outskirts of
Kampala. May be overlooked. Occurs in open grass country with
cultivation and tall trees. Refs: BNL 26; Sheldon; pers. obs.

Hieraaetus spilogaster African Hawk Eagle 143
Uncom., few, breeds. Recorded in the literature at Entebbe (September,
October) and Kampala. Recent sight records for Mabira (April), Entebbe
(July), Mukono (May) and Kampala and Kifu (undated). Refs: Allen &

Fripp (1964); BNL 21, 32; Hamel (1980); Nest Record; Ash.

Kaupifalco monogrammicus Lizard Buzzard 150
V.com.-com., f.num., res., breeds, REM. Widespread and found throughout
usually singly, from urban gardens to open woodland and bush. Keeps

well hidden usually, but occasionally perches on exposed branches or
telegraph poles.

Lophaetus occipitalis Long-crested Eagle 149
Com.,f.num., res., breeds, REM. Widespread and occurs in suburban
Kampala as well as in open woodland and cultivation. Usually seen

singly, but on occasions several individuals will congregate together.

Melierax gabar Gabar Goshawk* 178
Uncom., few, prob.res., breeds, REM except January, April, August and
October. Occurs Entebbe, Kampala, Katalemwa, Kikaya and Namulonge.

Local, typically occurs in tall trees among cultivation and open

country. There are a few records for the melanistic phase.

Refs: Allen & Fripp (1964); BNL 6,7,15,16,17,33,34,41,60; Nest Record;
Ash; pers.obs.

Polemaetus bellicosus Martial Eagle 146
Sc., breeds. Recorded in the literature "in fair numbers" at Entebbe

and Kyetema(May) and as nesting in Kyagwe in November. One recent sight
record of two birds on the Entebbe road on 22 February 1970.

Refs: van Someren (1916 & 1932); BNL 6.

Stephanoaetus coronatus Crowned Eagle 147
Sc., few, breeds. Frequents the larger forests, and recorded at Entebbe,
Kifu (March, July), Kyagwe (October), Mabamba (April), Mabira (April)

and Mukono (June). Refs: Sharpe (1902); BNL 3,23,31,32,34; Hamel (1980);
Forbes-Watson; pers.obs.

Sub-family Milvinae

Haliaeetus vocifer Fish Eagle 160
V.com., num., breeds, REM. Occurs singly or in pairs all round the
Lake shore. Widespread, but not found away from the Lake.

16

a ee

138. Milvus migrans migrans and parasitus. Black Kite 132a,c
V.com., ab., res., breeds, P & intra-Afr.mig., REM. The race parasitus
is both resident and an intra-African migrant. Common in every month,
but there is a noticeable increase from September to March. The nominate
Palaearctic race has been recorded occasionally during the Palaearctic
winter, with one February record of 40 to 50 birds (BNL 18). Widespread
and occurs throughout, including at urban rubbish dumps and markets.

Sub-family Perninae

139. Aviceda cuculoides verreauxii Cuckoo Hawk 130b
Sc., no breeding records. Not common anywhere in Africa, and the status
here is obscure. Sight records at Kifu and Namulonge (June, September).
Refs: BNL 9,10,24; Hamel (1980).

140. Pernis apivorus Honey Buzzard 135
Sc., P.mig. Dated sight records for Entebbe (13 December 1969),
Kampala (22 August 1970) and Mukono (10 March 1971). It may be over-
looked. Occurs in cultivation, woodland and forest edge. Refs: BNL 4,
116 I

Sub-family Elaninae

142. Elanus caeruleus caeruleus Black-shouldered Kite 133
Com., f£.num., res., breeds, REM, but more records for December to March.
Widespread singly or in pairs in open grassland and cultivation, often
near the Lake. Also occurs in Kampala suburbs.

Sub-family Macheiramphinae

143. Macheiramphus alcinus anderssoni Bat Hawk 134
Com., few., res., breeds, REM. Strictly crepuscular, and usually seen
singly in the immediate vicinity of bat roosts. Up to 4 seen together.
Although more often seen in urban Kampala, also occasionally recorded
in rural areas.

Family PANDIONIDAE Osprey

144. Pandion haliaetus haliaetus Osprey 186
F.com., few, P.WV & pass.mig., REM. Fairly regular from October to
April, when up to 3 birds seen together. Occasional single birds seen
in other months. Occurs mostly by the Lake shore. There is no proper
breeding record, but a photograph has been published of a nest on
Lake Victoria "attributed" to this species, Hale-Carpenter (1920).

Family FALCONIDAE Falcons

146. Falco amurensis Eastern Red-footed Falcon 120
One sight record for this passage migrant from the Eastern Palaearctic:
a female at Kampala in April 1965. Refs: Mann (1973, 1976).

147. Falco ardosiaceus Grey Kestrel 127
F.com., few, res., breeds, REM. Occurs singly in open country and
cultivation with tall trees, and sometimes in urban or suburban Kampala.
Crepuscular, and sometimes perches on telegraph poles.

150. Falco chicquera ruficollis Red-necked Falcon 122
Sc. A pair was resident in central Kampala from January to May 1972,
and October 1972 to May 1973. They nested in a Borassus palm in
January 1972 and 1973. Two birds were seen at the nest site in June

Li?

1974, but not subsequently. Other records for this area are for May
and November at Namulonge. Refs: BNL 9,10,15; Pitman; pers.obs.

152. Falco cuvieri African Hobby 116
Com., £.num., res., breeds, REM. Widespread and occurs particularly
in association with eucalyptus trees. In the evening single birds
are frequently seen overhead in Kampala suburbs. :

156. Falco naumanni' Lesser Kestrel 126
One sight record of this Palaearctic species: 5 to 7 birds at
Namulonge present for 2-3 weeks in March 1971. Ref: BNL 19.

158. Falco peregrinus minor and perhaps calidus Peregrine Falcon 112a,d
Uncom., few, wan. & poss.P.WV., no breeding records, REM except June,
with some increase in the winter months, which may be individuals of
the Palaearctic race calidus. Most records are for central Kampala
round tall buildings, but also recorded at Entebbe, Kajansi, Kakindu
and Namulonge. Refs: Allen & Fripp (1964); BNL 9,10,12,14,15,17,18,
26,45; Ash; Frankum; Pearson; Sheldon; pers.obs.

160. Falco subbuteo subbuteo Hobby P15
Uncom., few, pass.mig. & perhaps WV. Most records for March and April
but also occasionally in September, November and late December. Seen
at Bukasa, Entebbe, Kampala, Kikaya, Namulonge and Port Bell, Much
less common than F. cuvieri, but occurs in similar habitat, and occasion-
ally in company with it. First date : 19 September; last date: 24 March.
Refs: BNL 5,7,24,31; Ash; Frankum; Pearson; pers.obs.

161. Falco tinnunculus probably tinnunculus Kestrel 123a
Uncom.-sc., few, prob.P.WV & pass.mig. Records for October to April,
mostly in November and March/April, at Entebbe, Kabanyolo, Kampala,
Kyetema, Mabira and Namulonge. Refs: Jackson (1914); van Someren (1916);
BNL 3,15,19; Frankum; Pearson.

Family PHASIANIDAE Quails, Francolins

164. Coturnix chinensis adansonii Blue Quail 213
Sc., status uncertain, no breeding records. Recorded in the literature at
Entebbe, Kampala, Kyetema and Mpumu in January, February, May, June and
July. Two recent records at Entebbe in January and February.

Refs: Seth-Smith (1913); van Someren (1916); Ash; Pearson.

165. Coturnix coturnix probably erlangeri Quail 211b
Sc., no breeding records. Sight records for Kampala (June). Was
introduced on to the Entebbe peninsula between 1920 and 1923.

Refs: Allen & Fripp (1964); Frankum; Pitman.

166. Coturnix delegorguei delegorguei Harlequin Quail 212
Uncom.-sc., few, intra-Afr.mig., breeds. Elsewhere in East Africa it
is known to migrate in large numbers. Evidence of nocturnal movements
is provided here by single birds attracted to lighted windows in central
Kampala in September and November (twice). Also recorded at Entebbe in

January, March, April and December. Refs: Nest Record; Ash; Frankum;
Volrath; pers.obs.

167. Francolinus afer cranchii Red-necked Spur fowl 208h
Recorded in the past at Kyetema and Kyetume (breeding April.
Was introduced on to the Entebbe peninsula between 1920 and 1923. -
Refs: Nest Record; Pitman.

18

172.

174.

176.

178.

184.

188.

190.

192.

193.

194.

Francolinus icterorhynchus dybowskii Heuglin's Francolin 201b
Uncom.-sc., few, breeds. Recorded in the past at Entebbe, Kampala,
Kasaala, Kyetema and Mpumu. Recent sight records at Lutembe (May,

June) and Entebbe (April, May, October, November). Was introduced

on to the Entebbe peninsula between 1920 and 1923.

Refs: van Someren (1914 & 1916); BNL 21; Nest Record; Ash; Pitman;
pers.obs.

Francolinus lathami schubotzi Forest Francolin 189
Recorded in the literature at Mabira in January and October, breeds;

Kifu (unconfirmed). Refs: van Someren (1914; 1916; 1922); Hamel (1980) ;
Britton (ed) (1980).

Francolinus levaillantii kikuyuensis Red-winged Francolin 199
Recorded in the literature from near Entebbe, and at Kisubi and Mpumu;

no breeding records. Refs: Ogilvie-Grant (1910); Seth-Smith (1913);

van Someren (1914; 1916; 1922).

Francolinus nahani Nahan's Francolin 190
Recorded in the literature at Mabira in January and December; no breed-
ing records. Refs: van Someren (1916; 1922); Hamel (1980).

Francolinus squamatus schuetti Scaly Francolin 204a
Com., f£.num., res., breeds, REM. The only common francolin, it is
widespread, including the outer Kampala suburbs. Typically occurs

in overgrown cultivation, rough bush and open woodland.

Family NUMIDIDAE Guineafowls

Guttera edouardi sethsmithi Crested Guineafowl 27d
Sc., few. Recorded for Kifu and Mabira (breeds) in April, July and
October. May be more common than the few records suggest.

Refs: van Someren (1916 and 1922); BNL 14,23; Hamel (1980); Nest Record.

Numida meleagris major Helmeted Guineafowl 215-216
F.com., few, res., breeds, REM. Widespread in small numbers in areas

of bushed grassland. Most often on the rocky and grassy areas on the
Entebbe peninsula, and in grassy areas inland. At one time used to
occur in the Kampala suburbs.

Family TURNICIDAE Button Quails

Turnix hottentota nana Black-rumped Button Quail 366
Recorded in the literature for Entebbe (October, breeding), Kyetema
and Mpumu. Refs: Seth-Smith (1913); van Someren (1916).

Turnix sylvatica lepurana Button Quail 365
There is one sight record of two birds at Lutembe on 3 October 1983.
Ref: Ash.

Family GRUIDAE Cranes

Balearica pavonina gibbericeps Crowned Crane 245b
V.com.-com., f.num., res., breeds, REM. Widespread usually in pairs,
small groups, and occasionally in large numbers especially from

October to February. Frequents grassland and cultivation.

19

196.

OT

198.

199°

201.

202.

203.

204.

206.

Family RALLIDAE Rails, Crakes

There are few records for many members of this family, which may not
reflect their’ true status. They are almost certainly under recorded,
especially those in the genus Porzana and Sarothrura. The emphasis
in recent decades has moved away from collecting specimens, towards
Sight records. This poses particular difficulties with skulking
species inhabitating dense vegetation.

Sub-family Rallinae

Crex crex Corncrake 223
P.pass.mig. Recorded in the literature for the Entebbe area, in grass
and short scrub, in November, February, March and April.

Refs: Ogilvie-Grant (1910); Anon (1950).

Crex egregia African Crake 224
Sc., no breeding records. Recorded in the literature at Entebbe and
Kampala (January). There is also a specimen from Kampala dated

20 December 1961, and a recent sight record at Entebbe in December.
Refs: Zoology Museum; Ash.

Gallinula angulata Lesser Moorhen 240
Sc., status unclear, no breeding records. The only dated records are

for June at Busi and Namulonge, also recorded at Kajansi (March). Published
reports that it occurs throughout the year at Entebbe are unconfirmed.
Elsewhere in East Africa it is known to be an intra-African migrant.
Inhabits reed and papyrus swamps. Refs: BNL 22; Britton (ed.) (1980);

Ash; Pearson; Sheldon.

Gallinula chloropus meridionalis Common Moorhen 239b
Sc., few, prob.res., breeds. Dated records for January, March, April, May,
November and December at Busi, Entebbe and Namulonge. Almost certainly
under recorded. Inhabits reedy pools, small dams, quiet bays and swamps.
Refs: BNL 8,15,27; Nest Record; Ash.

Limnocorax flavirostra Black Crake 225
V.com., num., res., breeds, REM. Widespread throughout, usually

singly, or in pairs or small groups. Frequents open papyrus, reed

swamps and Lake shore bays, especially where there is floating
vegetation.

Porphyrio alleni Allen's Gallinule 238
Sc., few, breeds. Apparently not uncommon in the past, but few recent
records. Found in papyrus swamps and reeds at Busi, Entebbe, Gaba,

Kaazi and Mabira (September). Refs: van Someren (1916); Pearson.

Porphyrio porphyrio madagascariensis Purple Gallinule 237
Com.-f.com., few, res., breeds, REM except May, July, August and October.
Widespread in small numbers in swamps and bays with floating vegetation,
all round the Lake shore.

Porzana marginalis Striped Crake 226
Intra-Afr.mig., no breeding records. One sight record at Namulonge in
July. Published reports that it occurs from July to November are
unconfirmed. Occurs in swamps, dams and wet grass. Refs: BNL 11;
Britton (ed.) (1980). .

Porzana porzana Spotted Crake 227
P.mig. Recorded in the literature at Kampala from November to April.
Inhabits swamps and wet grasslands.

20

208. Rallus caerulescens African Water Rail eee
One sight record at Lutembe in February. Ref: BNL 6.

211. Sarothrura elegans Buff-spotted Pygmy Crake 236
Sc., status unclear, no breeding records, almost certainly under
recorded. Swampy forest dweller recorded in the past in Kyagwe and
Kyetema, and probably at Kifu in recent years, also Mabira (unconfirmed).
In other parts of East Africa it is known to be a migrant.
Refs: van Someren (1916); BNL 26,31,32; Britton (ed.) (1980); Hamel (1980).

213. Sarothrura pulchra centralis White-spotted Pygmy Crake 235
F.com., perhaps f.num., prob.res. & breeds, REM except February to
April. Inhabits swamp forest, and long swampy grass. Recorded at
Entebbe, Kajansi, Kifu, Kyetema, Mabira, Mpumu and Zike. Almost
certainly more common than these records suggest.

214. Sarothrura rufa rufa Red-chested Pygmy Crake 233
Recorded in the literature at Kampala, Kyagwe, Kyetema and Kyetume.
There is said to be a specimen in the British Museum from near Kampala.
Refs: van Someren (1916; 1922; 1932).

Family HELIORNITHIDAE Finfoots

216. Podica senegalensis senegalensis African Finfoot 243
Uncom.-sc., few, prob.res., no breeding records. Local secretive and
easily overlooked, but there are many sight records pre-1972. Found
on the Lake shore where there is dense cover coming down to the water,
at Busi, Entebbe, Gaba, Kaazi, Kisubi and Lutembe in January to April,
July, August and November. There are no records for the last ten years.
Refs: BNL 6,7,8,13,17,20,21,27,29,31,35; Frankum; Pearson; Pitman.

Family OTIDIDAE Bustards

218. Eupodotis melanogaster Black-bellied Bustard 258
Uncom., few, breeds. Recorded in grassy areas at Entebbe (January,
February, June, November), Lutembe (May, August), Mpumu and Namulonge
(April, October). Was apparently introduced on to the Entebbe peninsula
between 1920 and 1023. Refs: Ogilvie-Grant (1910); Seth-Smith (1913);
BNL 8,14; Ash; Pearson; Pitman; Sheldon.

Family JACANIDAE Jacanas

225. Actophilornis africanus Jacana 264
V.com., num., res., breeds, REM. Widespread in swamps, especially
where there is floating vegetation and plentiful cover. Also occurs
in suitable inland pools.

226. Microparra capensis Lesser Jacana 265
Com.-f.com., few, prob.res., no breeding records. Local, but now
fairly regular at Mabamba where there has been a gradual increase
in the floating water-lily. This is a habitat preferred by this species.
Dated records for January, April, May, June and November

Family ROSTRATULIDAE Painted Snipe

227. Rostratula benghalensis benghalensis Painted Snipe 297
Sc., few, no breeding records. An undated specimen from Port Bell and
sight records at the dam at Namulonge on 5 July 1970, and several times
during December 1970 constitute the only records. It inhabitats swamp
and wet grassland. Refs: BNL 11,17; Zoology Museum.

21

Family HAEMATOPODIDAE Oystercatchers

228. Haematopus ostralegus probably longipes Oystercatcher 294
One record in the literature for this Palaearctic migrant at Entebbe
on 20 March 1915. Ref: Meinertzhagen (1922).

Family CHARADRIIDAE Plovers

229. Charadrius alexandrinus alexandrinus Kentish Plover 269
One record in the literature of a single adult at Entebbe on 16 March
1950. Ref: Anon (1950).

230. Charadrius asiaticus Caspian Plover 274
Sc., few, P.pass.mig. Recorded in the past in small numbers from August
to November at Entebbe, Mabira and Mpumu. Recent records of single
birds at Namulonge on 29 November 1970 and 2 March 1971. Frequents
short grass, burnt grass and sometimes swampy areas. Refs: Jackson
(1913); van Someren (1916); Anon. (1950); Eggling (1951a); BNL 15,19.

231. Charadrius dubius curonicus Little Ringed Plover 267
Uncom.-sc., few, P.WV. Few records only at Entebbe, Kajansi and Mabamba
from November to March. On 4 December 1950 thirty-five birds were
present at Entebbe. Inhabits swamps, Lake shore beaches, mud-banks
and muddy inland pools. First date: 15 November; last date: 16 March.
Refs: Anon. (1950); Eggling (1951la); Frankum; Sheldon; pers.obs.

233. Charadrius hiaticula tundrae Ringed Plover 266
Com., £.num., P.WV. & pass.mig. Widespread singly, or in small numbers
from September to May, but larger numbers present in March. Recorded
from Lake Shore beaches, mudbanks and muddy inland pools.

First date: 1 September; last date: 9 May.

234. Charadrius leschenaultii Great Sandplover 275
One sight record of this Palaearctic migrant at Entebbe on 25 September
1966. Refs: Pearson, (1972a); Mann (1976).

235. Charadrius marginatus tenellus White-fronted Sandplover 268a
Sc. Records are for September and December at Entebbe, with up to 8
birds seen together. Refs: BNL 28; Pearson.

238. Charadrius pecuarius pecuaris Kittlitz's Sandplover 271
Sc., few, status uncertain, perhaps loc.mig., breeds. Recorded
occasionally in small numbers on open Lake shore beaches and mudbanks.
There are few recent dated records at Entebbe (June, July (3), October),
Kakindu (June) and Namiro (May). Was apparently commoner in the past
when present from May to November at Entebbe. Refs: Anon (1950);
Eggling (1951a); BNL 9,10,22; Nest Record; Ash; Pearson; pers.obs.

239. Charadrius tricollaris tricollaris MThree-banded Plover 272
Recorded in the literature at Entebbe. Frequents rocky and sandy shore.

241. Pluvialis squatarola Grey Plover* 279 @
There are sight records of this Palaearctic migrant of single birds at
Entebbe on 16 April 1966, 17 April 1966 and 20 August 1983 and at Kakindu
on 12 March 1983. Refs: Ash; Pearson; pers.obs.

245. Vanellus crassirostris crassirostris Long-toed Plover 293a
V.com., num., res., breeds, REM. Fairly widespread on mudbanks and
swamps, usually on the larger stretches of water where there is plenty
of fringing and floating vegetation. ;

22

| 248.

249.

250.

252.

REF

254.

25".

256.

Vanellus lugubris Senegal Plover 282
F.com., few, perhaps intra-Afr. or loc.mig., breeds., REM. Recorded

in small numbers with most records for March and September to December,
in short grass areas, especially on the Entebbe peninsula.

Vanellus senegallus lateralis Wattled Plover* 291b
Uncom., few, no breeding records, REM except February and March.
Occasional pairs are seen in short grass areas and swamp edge on the
Entebbe peninsula. Refs: Pearson; Sheldon; pers.obs.

Vanellus spinosus Spur-winged Plover 286
Sc., no breeding records. Recorded at the Lake shore and swamps. One
undated specimen from Kampala. Refs: Zoology Museum; Pearson.

Vanellus superciliosus Brown-chested Wattled Plover 288
A single specimen was collected at Kampala in either 1945 or 1946.
Ref: Pitman.

Family SCOLOPACIDAE Sandpipers, Snipes
Sub-family Tringinae

Actitis hypoleucos Common Sandpiper 312
V.com., f.num., P.WV & pass.mig. Recorded from July to May with a small
autumn and spring passage. Widespread from muddy Lake shore beaches,
Swamps and short grass to ditches and small inland pools. Usually singly
but sometimes in small numbers. It is of interest that there is a
breeding record not far from here at Buddu, when an incubating bird was
photographed in 1911. In this same paper it is implied that this was not
the only nest found in the area, and it states "Nesting season during
August and September". There have been no other breeding records.

First date: 16 July; last date: 9 May. Refs: van Someren & van Someren
(1911); van Someren (1916, 1932, 1936).

Numenius arquata arquata and orientalis Curlew 321a,b
Sc., P.mig. Three records of birds trapped at Entebbe in 1950 : two

of the race orientalis (August), and a single nominate bird in July

and August. There is a recent sight record of a single bird on 7 March
1970. In addition there is a record of a bird heard calling at night

in Kampala on 7 March 1968. Refs: Anon (1950); Eggling (1951a); BNL 7;
Frankum.

Numenius phaeopus phaeopus Whimbrel 322
Sc., P.WV., REM. Recorded in small numbers on rocky shores at Entebbe;
most records are from September to April. Was perhaps commoner in the
past. Refs: Jackson (1913); Anon (1950); Eggling (1951la); Ash; Pearson.

Tringa erythropus Spotted Redshank 316
Uncom., few, P.WV. Seen singly in swamps and bays round the Lake shore,
and in quiet inland pools including Kajansi, Mabamba, Nakawa and Port Bell.
All records are for January to March. First date: 16 January; last

date: 12 March. Refs: Mann (1971 & 1976); BNL 17,18,30; Frankum;
Pearson; pers.obs.

Tringa glareola Wood Sandpiper 314
V.com., num.-f.num., P.WV & possible pass.mig., REM. Probably the most
common and widespread Palaearctic wader recorded here. Occurs in most
of the swamps, on mudbanks and in small inland pools, usually singly

or in small numbers, but up to 12 together especially in September and
March. Most records are during the Palaearctic winter, but a few
individuals over-summer.

23

TS

258.

25975

261.

262.

263.

264.

267.

270%

Tringa nebularia Greenshank 318
Com., few, P.WV & pass.mig., REM. Widespread and usually seen singly

on muddy or sandy beaches round the Lake. Also in muddy swamps and
inland pools. There is evidence of an autumn passage in October, and

up to 6 birds have been seen together. Most records are between August
and May, with a few individuals over-summering.

Tringa ochropus Green Sandpiper 313
Com., few, P.WV & pass.mig. Usually seen singly from August to May.

Not usually seen on the open Lake shore, but prefers small inland pools,
ditches and sewage works. There are no over-summering records.

First date: 31 July; last date: 1 May.

Tringa stagnatilis Marsh Sandpiper Suh /
com., f.num., P.WV. Seen singly on exposed mud in Lake-side swamps,
beaches and in inland pools throughout, from August to April. There

are no over-summering records. First date: 31 August; last date: 30
April.

Xenus cinereus Terek Sandpiper 31
Sc., P.WV. Several individuals recorded at Entebbe from August to
December 1950 and Damba Island in January. Recent records at Entebbe

on 30 September 1976 and 1 October 1967. Refs: Anon. (1937); Anon.
(1950); Eggling (1951a); Pearson.

Sub-family Scolopacinae

Gallinago gallinago gallinago Common Snipe 298
Com.-f.com., num.-f.num., P.WV & pass.mig. Records from September to
April, usually of single birds, but sometimes parties of 10 or 15 are
present. Most records are for October and March/April. Found through-
out in swamps and especially short swampy grass. First date: 25 Sept-
ember; last date: 10 April.

Gallinago media Great Snipe 299
Sc., P.mig. Recorded in the literature at Entebbe (November). There

are recent sight records at Entebbe (December, April) and Lutembe
(January) Refs: BNL 6; Pearson.

‘Gallinago nigripennis aequatorialis African Snipe 300

Recorded in the literature at Entebbe. There are recent probable sight
records, and it may well be overlooked among the much more numerous
G. gallinago. Its status is uncertain. Ref: Ogilvie-Grant (1910).

Sub-family Caliditrinae

Calidris alba Sanderling 308
Sc., few, P.pass.mig. mainly in the autumn. Recorded singly, or in
pairs round the Lake shore, on beaches and swampy mudbanks from Sept-
ember to November and March at Entebbe, Kaazi and Mabamba.

Refs: Anon. (1950); BNL 14; Frankum; Pearson; pers.obs.

Calidris ferruginea Curlew Sandpiper 303
Com., num.-f.num., P.WV., REM except July. Seen singly or in small
parties in swamps and inland muddy pools as well as Lake shore beaches
throughout. On 27 June 1982 at Kakindu 10 birds were present in non-
breeding plumage, and on 9 June 1982 one bird in breeding plumage was
present at Lutembe. First date: 30 August; last date: 27 June.

24

272.

274.

Ba? .

278.

279.

281.

282.

287.

Calidris minuta Little Stint 305
V.com., num.-f.num., P.WV. Widespread, singly or in parties up to

30 birds, throughout on Lake shore beaches, swampy mudbanks and inland
pools. Also recorded on the off-shore islands. Occurs from August to
May; there is no evidence of passage, but one over-summering record of

‘a single bird at Kakindu on 27 June 1982. First date: 3 August;

last date: 9 May.

Calidris temminckii Temminck's Stint 306
Com.-f.com., num.-f.num., P.WV. There is evidence that this has

become much commoner in recent years. It is now recorded regularly

from October to May, often in company with C. minuta, though usually,

but not always in smaller numbers. Seen in similar habitat to

C. minuta though perhaps more often in the inland pools than on the

open mudbanks and beaches. Prefers slightly drier mud, and tends to
keep to the edges of the deeper mud. There are no over-summering
records. First date: 24 October; last date: 9 May.

Limosa lapponica lapponica Bar-tailed Godwit 320
Recorded in the literature at Entebbe on 29 October 1950.
Ref: Anon. (1950).

Limosa limosa limosa Black-tailed Godwit* 319
One record of this Palaearctic migrant, of a single bird at Mabamba
on 27 November 1975. Ref: Carswell (1977)

Philomachus pugnax Ruff 309
F.com., num.-few, P.WV & pass.mig. Recorded mostly singly, or in small
groups up to 8, but occasionally flocks of 50 - 100 burds are present.
Inhabits swampy mudbanks and beaches along the Lake shore, less often
inland pools. Occurs from August to April with a spring passage evident
in March. There are no over-summering records. First date: 6 August;
last date: 19 April.

Sub-family Arenariinae

Arenaria interpres interpres Turnstone 310
Sc., few, P.pass.mig. Records of single birds on Lake shore beaches

and off-shore islands at Entebbe and Mayinja Island in September and
October. Refs: Anon. (1950); Eggling (1951a); Ash; Pearson; Sheldon;
pers.obs.

Family RECURVIROSTRIDAE Stilts

Himantopus himantopus himantopus' Black-winged Stilt 296
V.com., num., prob.P.WV. Widespread throughout, usually in quiet

Swampy pools, and less often on the Lake shore. Records are from
October to May, and there is one record of two birds at Kakindu on

27 June 1982. Usually single, or in small groups of up to 5 birds.

A record of about 20 birds at Mayinja Island on 24 October 1982 is
exceptional. First date: 1 October; last date: 8 May.

Family BURHINIDAE Thicknees

Burhinus capensis presumed maculosus Spotted Thicknee 262b
One published sight record at Entebbe in October-November 1964 is
unconfirmed. Normally frequents much drier areas.

Ref: Britton (ed.) (1980).

25

290)

292%

295%

298.

Burhinus vermiculatus vermiculatus Water Thicknee 263a
V.com.- com., few, res., breeds, REM. Local, occurs mostly on the rocky
islands, but also on rocky and sandy Lake shore beaches. Not found
inland.

Family GLAREOLIDAE Coursers, Pratincoles
Sub-family Cursoriinae

Cursorius temminckii Temminck's Courser 326
Sc., few, wan., no breeding records. Few records in short grassland

and playing fields in April, June, September and October at Entebbe,
Kampala and Namulonge. Refs: Anon. (1950); Uganda Museum; BNL 17;
Frankum.

Rhinoptilus chalcopterus Violet-tipped Courser 329
Sc., status uncertain, no breeding records. Recorded in the literature
at Entebbe, and one sight record at Kaazi in November. Known to be a
partial migrant in some parts of East Africa. Ref: Pearson.

Sub-family Glareolinae

Glareola nuchalis nuchalis White-collared Pratincole 3335
F.com., few, res., breeds, REM. Probably more common on the rocky off-
shore islands than on the mainland Lake shore, where it is local and
seen in small numbers on rocky stretches.

Family LARIDAE Gulls, Terns

In recent years there has been a change in status of many members of this
family throughout East Africa. Several species have recently extended their
range. If this trend is continued it is likely that such species as Larus
ridibundus will become regular winter visitors to this area, and other species,
now making their appearance in Kenya, will be recorded here in the near future.

S05:

306.

307.

Sub-family Larinae

Larus argentatus heuglini or taimyrensis Herring Gull 339
Sc., P.pass.mig. Records for Entebbe when up to three birds (adult and
immature) were seen together on 8 different occasions in August, Sept-
ember, October and November 1950. One recent record of an adult bird

at Kakindu on 5 March 1972. In recent years this gull has become a
regular visitor to parts of East Africa, so it may be expected to occur
again in this area. Refs: Anon. (1950); BNL 31; Frankum (1972a); Mann
(L976):

Larus cirrocephalus Grey-headed Gull 342
V.com.-com., num.-few, perhaps local migrant, no breeding records, REM.
The common and widespread gull of the Lake shore, also sometimes in
inland swamps and wetlands. Occasionally in large flocks of 100's or
1000's on off-shore rocks and islands, but sometimes completely absent.
Most records, and all those of large flocks, are from August to March,
and it may be a non-breeding visitor to this area.

Larus fuscus fuscus Lesser Black-backed Gull 340
V.com.-com., num.-f.num., P.WV., REM, but most records for September to
May. Fairly widespread along the Lake shore, also occasionally recorded
in inland swamps and dams. One of the few birds to be seen swimming in
the open waters of the Lake. Has perhaps become commoner in recent
decades, although it has been recorded here for many years. Mostly singly
or in small numbers, but up to 70 recorded together, especially in late
March and April.

26

310.

314.

318.

3820.

p23.

325.

328.

o3t.

Larus ichthyaetus Great Black-headed Gull 343
One record of a first year bird at Entebbe from 16 April 1966 to -

25 September 1966. This was the first record in East Africa of this
Palaearctic gull, and it is still the only one for Uganda, though it

has been recorded subsequently elsewhere in East Africa.

Refs: Pearson (1971 & 1972a); Mann (1971 & 1976).

Larus ridibundus Black-headed Gull 345
In East Africa as a whole this gull has only become established as a
Palaearctic winter visitor in any numbers in recent years, the first
substantial records being in 1971. The first definite Uganda record

was of an adult in breeding plumage on 28 March 1971 at Kibanga Port.

(A previous record is published, but with no details.) Though still
scarce there are now records at Gaba on 17 March 1981, 17 January 1982,
24 January 1982 and at Entebbe on 10 December 1983.

Refs: Anon. (1971); Frankum (1972b); Mann (1976); BNL 19; Ash; Sheldon;
pers.obs.

Sub-family Sterninae

Chlidonias leucopterus White-winged Black Tern 361
V.com., ab.-f.num., P.WV & pass. mig., REM. The commonest and most wide-
spread tern recorded in wetlands throughout the area. Most records are
for November to June. From March to June huge flocks in full breeding
dress are often seen either passing overhead in a northerly or westerly
direction, or at such favoured sites as Entebbe Airport and the surround-
ing swamps. After the departure of these flocks the remaining birds
over-summer in small numbers round the Lake shore and in swamps.

Gelochelidon nilotica nilotica Gull-billed Tern 349
Com., num.-f.num., P.WV., REM. Usually singly or in small numbers, but
flocks of up to 100 recorded. Most records are for September to March;
sometimes seen in breeding dress in April and May. Fairly widespread

in swamps and round the Lake shore. Appears to have become commoner in
the last decade.

Sterna bengalensis par Lesser Crested Tern 355
There is a single sight record at Entebbe on 6 August 1950. Ref: Anon
(1950).

Sterna caspia Caspian Tern 350
There is an unconfirmed published record at Entebbe, and a sight record
of a single bird at Kakindu on 12 March 1983. Refs: Britton (ed.)
(1980); Ash; Sheldon; pers.obs.

Sterna hirundo or tibetana Common Tern 351
There are two sight records of this Palaearctic migrant at Lutembe on

25 April 1983 and at Entebbe on 2 June 1983. These constitute the first
records for Uganda. Ref: Ash (in prep.).

Family RYNCHOPIDAE Skimmers

Rynchops flavirostris African Skimmer 364
Recorded in the literature at Entebbe in October. Ref: Anon. (1950).

27

Sate

342.

344.

345.

346.

350.

Sai.

S52

355.

Family COLUMBIDAE Pigeons, Doves
Sub-family Columbinae

Aplopelia larvata jacksoni Lemon Dove 399
Recorded in the literature at Mabira; also more recently at Kifu.

No breeding records. Possibly overlooked as it is a ground feeding

dove confined to dense forest undergrowth. Ref: Hamel (1980).

Columba livia Feral Pigeon 376
V.com., ab., res., breeds, REM. Widespread in urban areas and the

larger villages. Almost certainly introduced as the wild form does

not occur near here. Barely mentioned in the literature, and omitted
from Jackson (1938) and Mackworth-Praed & Grant (1957). Possibly has
existed in Kampala for many years, but has been ignored.

Refs: Frankum (1972c); Mann (1976).

Columba unicincta Afep Pigeon 382
F.com., few., prob.res., no breeding records, dated records for January
to April and July/August. Seen or heard in most of the forests here,

but keeps well hidden in the tree tops. Sometimes leaves the forest to
feed.

Oena capensis capensis Namaqua Dove 393
Sc. Recorded in the literature at Entebbe and Kyetema, with recent
records at Entebbe in May and July. Refs: van Someren (1916); Ash.

Streptopelia capicola tropica Ring-necked Dove 388
F.com., few, wan. Typically occurs in drier acacia country away from

the Lake, and has been recorded most frequently here at Namulonge with
scattered records throughout the year. Nearer the Lake it is scarce,

but occasional wanderers recorded on the Entebbe peninsula. Feeds on

the ground and usually seen on roads.

Streptopelia semitorquata Red-eyed Dove 386
V.com., num., res., breeds, REM. Apart from Columba livia this is the
commonest and most widepread dove. Plentiful in open woodland and
forest edge, usually in ones and twos. Also common in central Kampala
parks and gardens, and feeds both on the ground and in trees.

Streptopelia senegalensis senegalensis lJaughing Dove 392
V.com., num., res., breeds, REM. Even more urban than the previous
species, and has adapted to central Kampala where it frequents car

parks and markets. Also common and widespread in rural areas, round
villages and cultivation. A tame species, usually seen feeding on

the ground singly, or in pairs, and does not form the large flocks
described elsewhere.

Streptopelia turtur possibly turtur and arenicola Turtle Dove 384
At least seven individuals were present at Entebbe between 9 October

and 8 November 1983. This constitutes the first Uganda record.

Refs: Ash (in prep.); Sheldon; pers.obs.

Turtur afer Blue-spotted Wood Dove 395
V.com., num., res., breeds, REM. Widespread in wooded gardens in
Kampala, in bushed and wooded grassland, cultivation, forest patches

and forest edge. Usually seen feeding in the open in pairs, and is

shy and wary.

28

357. Turtur tympanistria Tambourine Dove 394
Com., £.num., res., breeds, REM. Appears to need trees and forest
patches, and therefore not found in central Kampala, but reaches the
well-wooded suburbs. Usually found singly, or in pairs feeding on
the ground, but does not come out so readily into the open as does
the last species.

Sub-family Treroninae

358. Treron australis gibberifrons Green Pigeon 401b
Com., f.num., res., breeds, REM. Usually seen in small flocks feeding
in fruiting trees, and is not seen on the ground. Widespread and
apparent movements probably associated with food supply. Occurs from
Kampala suburbs to the Lake shore.

Family PSITTACIDAE Parrots, Lovebirds

363. Agapornis pullaria ugandae Red-headed Lovebird 452
V.com.-com., f.num., res., breeds, REM. Most records are from December
to March, with a peak in January, and also for July. These movements
may be associated with food supply. Widespread in bush and cultivation,
often by the Lake shore, in pairs or small flocks.

367. Poicephalus meyeri saturatus Brown Parrot 449c
F.com., few, perhaps loc.mig., no breeding records. Records are from
September to May. Perhaps subject to local movements in response to
food supply. Usually seen in pairs or small flocks in bush and cultiv-
ation, widespread from Kampala to the Lake shore.

370. Psittacula krameri krameri or borealis Rose-ringed Parakeet 450a
The only record refers to escapees which were observed in Kampala or ¢c
for a number of years. Ref: Allen & Fripp (1964).

371. Psittacus erithacus erithacus Grey Parrot 442
Com., £.num., res., breeds, REM. Occurs in small flocks or pairs and
is widespread usually near the Lake shore, or on the islands. Needs
forest or forest patches, and tall trees.

Family MUSOPHAGIDAE Turacos

372. Corythaeola cristata Great Blue Turaco 437
Com., few, res., breeds, REM. Widespread in suitable habitat with
forest, woodland and tall trees. Seen in pairs and less commonly in
small groups. Ranges from the Lake shore to the outer Kampala suburbs.

376. Crinifer zonurus Eastern Grey Plantain Eater 438
V.com., num., res., breeds, REM. Widespread in pairs or small groups
from woodland and cultivation to central Kampala parks and gardens.
Usually keeps to tree tops, but occasionally descends to feed in fruit-
ing bushes.

377. Musophaga rossae Ross's Turaco 436
Com., f.num., res., breeds, REM. Widespread, usually in pairs where-
ever there are tall trees, keeps to the tree tops. Occurs from rural
areas to central Kampala.

384. Tauraco schuetti emini Black-billed Turaco 430a
Uncom.-sc., few, status unclear, no breeding records. Has been recorded
occasionally in Kifu, Kituza, Mabira, Namanve and Mpumu, and may be
resident in most of the forests here. Dated records are for January,

23

385.

388.

88a.

BON:

39/27.

393i:

394.

SISI5}5

March, October and November. Refs: Seth-Smith (1913); van Someren
(1916 & 1922);. BNL 26; Hamel (1980); Pearson.

Family CUCULIDAE Cuckoos, Coucals
Sub-family Cuculinae

Cercococcyx mechowi Dusky Long-tailed Cuckoo 409
Uncom., few, no breeding records. A little recorded and local species

of dense forest, recorded here at Busi, Entebbe, Kasaala, Kifu, Kisubi,
Kyetema, Mabira, Mpumu, Sezibwa and Zika. Nothing is known of its
movements locally; dated records are for April, May, June, July and
September. Refs: Seth-Smith (1913); van Someren (1916 & 1922);
Friedmann (1966); Okia (1976); BNL 23,25; Hamel (1980); Pearson.

Chrysococcyx caprius Didric Cuckoo 417
V.com.-f.com., f.num.-few, prob.res. & loc.mig., breeds, REM. There are
more records of calling birds in October and November, and from January
to April. Widespread in open bush, garden, cultivation and Lake-side
habitat as well as Kampala suburbs, but not central Kampala.

Chrysococcyx cupreus cupreus Emerald Cuckoo 4i6a
Com., few, prob.loc.mig., breeds. Records of calling birds in this area
are from February to October, with a peak from March to June. Is possibly
present, but silent in other months. Widespread in open forest patches
and gardens, and ranges from Kampala suburbs to the Lake shore.

Frequents tall trees, just below the top-most branches.

Chrysococcyx klaas Klaas' Cuckoo 418
V.com.-f.com., £.num., perhaps res. & loc.mig., breeds, REM, with more
records of calling birds from January to March. Widespread from central
Kampala to the Lake shore in woodland, gardens and cultivation with tall
trees.

Clamator glandarius Great Spotted Cuckoo 413
Sc., few, no breeding records. A little known species of uncertain
status. There are sight records for November, December, January, March
and June mostly in Lake-side bush at Entebbe, Kaazi, Kibanga Port and
Kisubi, but also in cultivation inland at Namulonge. These birds may

be Uganda or Sudan breeders which move south in May or June after breed-
ing, and north again in February and March. Refs: BNL 9,10,19,28,29;
Sheldon; pers.obs.

Clamator jacobinus pica or serratus Black and White Cuckoo 415
Sc. Sight records for Kikaya (May), Entebbe (March, August), Gaba
(November) and Mabamba (January). Whether these are the East African
breeding race pica, or the non-breeding visitor serratus is not known.
Refs): BNE 9, 10; Ashi; pers, obs.

Clamator levaillantii Levaillant's Cuckoo 414
F.com., few, intra-Afr.mig., no breeding records, REM, but most records
are for April, and to a lesser extent for August. Fairly widespread and
occurs in gardens, cultivation, open bush and woodland both inland and by
the Lake shore.

Cuculus canorus Eurasian Cuckoo ; 404a
Sc., few, P.pass.mig. & possible occasional WV. Most records are from
late March to mid-April, with a few in October, December and May.

Recorded from Entebbe, Gaba, Kaazi, Kampala, Kyetema, Mabira and Namulonge
in bush, open woodland and well wooded gardens. First date: 24 October;
last date: 10 May. Refs: van Someren (1916); BNL 14,19,33; Ash; Frankum;
Pearson.

30

390%

398.

S93).

401.

403.

404.

406.

407.

409.

Cuculus clamosus clamosus and gabonensis Black Cuckoo 407, 408
F.com., few, status unclear, prob.res. & intra-Afr.mig. No breeding
records. Records of calling outside forests are probably of the nominate
race, which is an intra-African migrant, fairly widespread, and recorded
here from January to May especially in March in thick bush, gardens and
woodland. The western race gabonensis occurs in the forests of western
Uganda and records of calling birds in local forests probably belong here.
These records are scattered throughout the year, but mostly in February
and March.

Cuculus poliocephalus rochii Lesser Cuckoo 405b
Recorded in the literature at Entebbe (July) and Mabira (February) .
Ref: Hamel (1980).

Cuculus solitarius solitarius Red-chested Cuckoo 406
V.com.-com., f.num., perhaps res. & loc.mig., breeds, REM. There is an
increase in vocal activity from November to June, and numbers appear to
increase suddenly in November. Widespread and occurring in open country-
side, gardens including Kampala, bush and cultivation, particularly in
tall trees. It is sometimes heard calling at night, and these might be
migrating birds.

Sub-family Phoenicophaeinae

Ceuthmochares aereus aereus Yellowbill 424a
F.com., few, breeds, REM. Local, and its presence is unpredictable.

It is sometimes absent from its usual haunts. Elsewhere in East Africa

it is known to be a migrant. Occurs in thick bush, secondary forest and
forest patches. —

Sub-family Centropinae

Centropus grillii Black Coucal 420a
One sight record in a papyrus swamp at Lutembe on 6 June 1982.-. It is
confined to dense papyrus. Refs: Sheldon; pers.obs.

Centropus monachus fischeri Blue-headed Coucal 421b
F.com., few, prob.res., no breeding records. Dated records for June,
August and October, November and December. Local and confined to

papyrus and reed swamps both around the Lake shore and inland. Not often
seen as it keeps well hidden, but occasionally single birds are seen
perched on the papyrus.

Centropus superciliosus loandae White-browed Coucal 423c
V.com., f.num., res., breeds, REM. Widespread in thick cover, gardens
including central Kampala, bush, cultivation, forest patches and

elephant grass.

Family TYTONIDAE Barn Owls

Tyto alba affinis Barn Owl 528
Recorded in the literature’ for Entebbe and Kampala. There are no known
resident populations in Kampala today, but a bird was caught and killed
in Kampala in January 1984. Ref: Britton (ed.) (1980); Pomeroy.

Family STRIGIDAE Owls

Asio capensis capensis African Marsh Owl 532
Recorded as breeding in Kyetume in February. A live, captive bird was
seen in Kampala in November 1969, but its origin was not established.
Refs: BNL 3; Nest Record.

31

412. Bubo africanus probably cinerascens Spotted Eagle Owl* 543a or b
F.com., few, res., breeds, REM. The most frequently seen owl, and
although local, has been regular for many years in certain Kampala
suburbs. Fairly widespread, sometimes, but by no means always in the
vicinity of stone quarries. The birds here all appear to have dark
brown irises, and are therefore probably cinerascens.

Ref: Jackson (1938).

414. Bubo lacteus Verreaux's Eagle Owl 544
Uncom., few, breeds. Dated records are for March, June, July and
September to December. More common in acacia woodland away from the
Lake, and recorded occasionally at Entebbe, Kisubi and Namulonge, and in
the past in Kampala, Mpumu and Kyetema. Refs: Sharpe (1902); Seth-Smith
(1913); van Someren (1916); Allen & Fripp (1964); BNL 11,29; Ash;

Frankum; Pitman.

416. Ciccaba woodfordii nuchalis African Wood Owl 533b
F.com., few, prob.res., no breeding records, REM except June to August.
Its presence is unpredictable, and it is apparently absent, or silent
for months at a time. Occurs in woodland, open forest and well wooded
gardens in the outer Kampala suburbs.

422. Otus leucotis leucotis or granti White-faced Scops Owl 536a or
Two recently fledged young birds were found in Kampala in February 1984. b
Ref: Goodman & Pomeroy (1984).

424. Otus scops scops and perhaps senegalensis Scops Owl 534a,b
F.com., few, prob.res. & P.mig., no breeding records. The nominate
Palaearctic race has been recorded in the literature in January, February
and March. Other records for May to July probably refer to the race
senegalensis. Recorded from quite urban areas as long as there are
trees, also ranges to woodland and open forést.

Family CAPRIMULGIDAE Nightjars

Records of nightjars in the literature usually refer to specimens, whereas
recent records, being sight records, pose considerable problems of identi-
fication. Records in this paper tend to err on the side of caution, so
some species may in fact be commoner than indicated.

427. Caprimulgus clarus clarus Slender-tailed Nightjar* 565b
Sc., few, breeds. Recorded in the past in bush and woodland at Entebbe,
Kampala and Kyetema in March, April, July and September.

Refs: van Someren (1922); Nest Record.

428. Caprimulgus climacurus sclateri Long-tailed Nightjar 565a
Sc., few, loc.mig., no breeding records. A little recorded species
occurring in trees and open bush. Dated records are for October to
March on the Lake shore at Entebbe and Kaazi. Refs: Pearson; pers.obs.

430. Caprimulgus europaeus europaeus Eurasian Nightjar 547a
Recorded in the literature at Entebbe in October and November.
Refs: Jackson (1914); Anon. (1950).

431. Caprimulgus fossii welwitschii Gabon Nightjar 560
Sc., few, status uncertain. Recent records are from April to June. Old
records state that it was present from August to April and bred in the
area, but there is the possibility of confusion with clarus. Found in
open short grasslands at Kaazi, Kampala, Kyetema, Mukono and Namulonge.
Refs: van Someren (1916 & 1922); BNL 5,9,10,20,22,34.

32

433. Caprimulgus inornatus Plain Nightjar 556
Recorded in the literature at Mpumu. It is known to be an intra-African
migrant elsewhere. There is one recent sight record at Lutembe in July
1983. Ref: . Ash.

434. Caprimulgus natalensis natalensis White-tailed Nightjar B57
Uncom., few, prob.res., breeds. Few dated records at Entebbe, Kyetema,
Kyetume, Mpumu and Namulonge in February, March, May to August and
October, but it is probably under recorded. Frequents damp grassy areas
and swamp edges. Refs: Ogilvie-Grant (1910); Seth-Smith (1913);
van Someren (1916); BNL 30, 31; Zoology Museum; Nest Record; Pearson.

436. Caprimulgus pectoralis nigriscapularis Fiery-necked Nightjar 551ib
Com.-f.com., few, prob.res., breeds, REM except July and August. Nearly
all records are for birds calling on moonlit nights and such records are
from October to March. Probably present but silent in other months.

Occurs in woodland and forest patches.

440. Macrodipteryx longipennis Standard-winged Nightjar 563
One record of a bird found dead in Kampala which presumably refers to a
straggler from the north. Ref: Allen & Fripp (1964).

441. Macrodipteryx vexillarius Pennant-winged Nightjar 564
Com.-f.com., f.num., intra-Afr.non-breeding.mig. Nearly all records
are for males in breeding plumage during August, with a few in July
and September. These refer to birds on passage south to their breeding
grounds. The northward passage is less well documented, but there is
a specimen (with plumes) from Kampala dated February 1970. Ref: Zoo-
ology Museum.

Family APODIDAE Swifts, Spinetails
Sub-family Apodinae

443. Apus affinis aerobates Little Swift 643
V.com., ab., res., breeds, REM. The commonest and most widespread swift
in the area. Occurs in a variety of habitats from open grassland and
cultivation to central Kampala. This is one of the species that has
become more common in recent years, and has taken advantage of man-made
nesting sites. Jackson (1938) does not record it for Uganda.

444, Apus apus apus or pekinensis Eurasian Swift 636a or c
F.com., f.num., P.WV & pass.mig. Occurs from August to March, but
mainly on passage in September and October. Can turn up anywhere, and
is often seen in fairly large flocks, but also singly, or in small
numbers in association with other swifts. First date: 22 August;
last date: 13 March.

447. Apus caffer White-rumped Swift 644
V.com.-com., num., res., breeds, REM. Widespread from the outskirts of
Kampala to the villages, but rarely seen in central urban areas.

449. Apus melba possibly melba Alpine Swift 640a
Sc., few, wan., possible P.mig. Few records from January to March and
in September, at Kampala, Kikaya and Namulonge. Usually in small
numbers, but more than 30 birds recorded together in January 1984 at
Kampala. May be of the nominate Palaearctic race. Refs: BNL 17,19,41;
Pearson; pers.obs.

452. Cypsiurus parvus myochrous Palm Swift 646b
V.com., num., res., breeds, REM. Widespread in small numbers where there
are palm trees, from the centre of Kampala to rural areas.

33

456.

457.

459.

462.

464.

465.

466.

467.

468.

472.

Sub-family Chaeturinae

Rhaphidura sabini' Sabine's Spinetail 649
One sight record of eight birds over Mabira in April 1972.
Refs: BNL 32; Hamel (1980).

Telacanthura ussheri sharpei Mottle-throated Spinetail 647c
Sight records of two birds over Mabira in February 1971, and at least
one bird at Kajansi in October 1983. Refs: Mann (1971); Ash.

Family COLIIDAE Mousebirds

Colius striatus kiwuensis Speckled Mousebird 566i
V.com., num., res., breeds, REM. Widespread in small numbers in
gardens, bush and cultivation, from central Kampala to the Lake shore.

Family TROGONIDAE Trogons

Apaloderma narina narina Narina's Trogon 570a
Uncom., few, prob.res., no breeding records. Few records in thick forest
at Kampala, Kifu, Mabira, Mpanga, Mpumu and Namanve from January to
April and July to September. Refs: Seth-Smith (1913); van Someren
(1916); BNL 5,23,36; Hamel (1980); Pearson.

Family ALCEDINIDAE Kingfishers
Sub-family Cerylinae

Ceryle maxima Giant Kingfisher 466
F.com., few, res., breeds, REM. Sparsely distributed and local. Favours
open grassy Lake-side areas on rocky promontories and beaches, rather

than the papyrus-choked bays. Also occasionally at inland pools.

Ceryle rudis Pied Kingfisher 465
V.com., ab., res., breeds, REM & wan. with some seasonal variation in
numbers. Widespread round the Lake shore, particularly in the vicinity

of sandy cliffs. Also wanders to inland pools and dams.

Sub-family Alcedininae

Alcedo cristata Malachite Kingfisher 470
Com., f.num., res., & perhaps wan., breeds, REM. Fairly widespread
usually near water, mostly round the Lake shore, but also at inland pools.
Usually seen singly, or in pairs perched on the water side vegetation.
Occasionally individuals are seen far from water, and these are probably
wanderers.

Alcedo leucogaster leopoldi White-bellied Kingfisher

There is one record of a bird caught in a mist net at Kifu in July 1972.
Also an unconfirmed published report from Mabira. Refs: BNL 34;
Britton (ed.) (1980); Hamel (1980).

Alcedo quadribrachys guentheri Shining-blue Kingfisher 469
Sc., few, prob.res., breeds. Another forest species recorded from the
Swamps and streams in Entebbe (June, August, October), Kifu (May), Mabira,
Mpanga and Zika. Refs: van Someren (1922); Okia (1976); BNL 33; Hamel
(1980); Nest Record; Ash; Pearson.

Halcyon chelicuti chelicuti Striped Kingfisher 479
V.com.-com., num., res., breeds, REM. Widespread from outer Kampala
suburbs to the Lake shore. Occurs singly, or in pairs in open bush,
gardens and cultivation. Frequently perches on telegraph wires.

34

473. Halcyon leucocephala probably leucocephala Chestnut-bellied Kingfisher 477a
Uncom., few, intra-Afr.mig., no breeding records. Nearly all records
are for December and January, with a few in November and March. The
nominate race is known to migrate south from Ethiopia, and has been
recorded in East Africa from November to March. Birds seen here probably
belong to this race. Occurs singly in open bush, woodland and gardens,
not necessarily by water. Recorded from Entebbe, Kikaya, Mabira, Namulonge
and several of the outer Kampala suburbs. Refs: van Someren (1916 & 1922);
Allen & Fripp (1964); BNL 3,5,28,29,45,58; Pearson; pers.obs.

474, Halcyon malimbica malimbica Blue-breasted Kingfisher 475
Uncom., prob.f.num., breeds. Forest species with records from Kifu,
Mabira, Mpanga, Mpumu, Sezibwa and Zika. Records from Zika indicate
that it may be quite common there. Refs: Seth-Smith (1913); van Someren
(1916); Okia (1976); BNL 30,35,36; Hamel (1980); Nest Record; Pearson.

475. Halcyon senegalensis senegalensis Woodland Kingfisher 473a
V.com.-com., num., res., breeds, REM but with an increase in
numbers in October/November and May/June. Widespread and
conspicuous; perches on telegraph wires, trees and tall bushes.
Found from central Kampala parks and gardens to the Lake-side.

477. Ispidina lecontei Dwarf Kingfisher 472
Sc., few. Records from Kyagwe (February) and Mabira (April) where it
frequents forest streams. One record from forest edge at Lutembe in
March. Refs: van Someren (1916, 1921 & 1922); BNL 32; Hamel (1980);
Sheldon; pers.obs.

| 478. Ispidina picta picta and natalensis Pygmy Kingfisher 471a,b
i” Com., £.num., res. & prob.intra-Afr.mig., breeds, REM. The resident
nominate race is widespread in forest edge, bushed and wooded grassland
and gardens. It occurs alongside Alcedo cristata at many Lake-side
localities. From March to June individuals are sometimes seen in

unusual localities where they remain for a few days only. It is possible
that these belong to the south breeding race natalensis of which there

are 3 specimens from Kampala dated 20 May 1972 and 1 July 1972 (one
undated). Ref: Zoology Museum.

Family MEROPIDAE Bee-eaters

$479. Merops albicollis White-throated Bee-eater 486
V.com.-f.com., ab.-few, intra-Afr.mig., REM. The commonest and most
widespread bee-eater; occurs throughout in open areas from central
Kampala to the Lake shore. A non-breeding visitor which arrives in
August, having bred north of here. Particularly numerous on passage
during September and October, but present in fairly large numbers up

to May. From June to August occasional small flocks or single birds

are seen.

480. Merops apiaster Eurasian Bee-eater 481
F.com., few, P.WV & pass.mig. Recorded mainly from September to
November, and again in March and April, with a few records for December.
Its occurrence is irregular, and some years it is apparently absent.
Sometimes associates with M.,. albicollis, and is found in similar

habitat. First date: 13 September; last date: 29 April.

35

490.

491.

493.

494.

495.

496.

Merops persicus persicus Blue-cheeked Bee-eater 482b
V.com.-com., ab. -num., P.WV & pass.mig. Occurs from late October to
April, but most records are for February and March Widespread in swamps
and wetlands, and grassy areas by the Lake shore. Large flocks are some-
times seen, especially in February. Old records for July and September
probably refer to M. superciliosus. First date: 28 October; last date:

18 April.

Merops pusillus meridionalis Little Bee-eater 488c
F.com., £.num., prob.res. & loc.mig., breeds, REM except November and
December. Its presemce is unpredictable, and it appears to be subject

to irregular local movements. Usually in pairs, but up to 6 together

in areas of bush and long grass, both inland and on Lake-shore promontories.
Usually in rather drier areas than M. variegatus, but both species occur

at Entebbe, Gaba, Lutembe and Namulonge.

Merops superciliosus superciliosus Madagascar Bee-eater 48 2a
Com., ab.-num., intra-Afr.mig. A non-breeding visitor from south-east
Africa, recorded from May to September mostly by the Lake shore. Some-
times in large flocks, but also singly and in small numbers.

First date: 8 May; last date: 25 September.

Merops variegatus loringi Blue-breasted Bee-eater 490a
Com.-f.com., £.num., res., breeds, REM, but more records in February.
Usually seen in small numbers up to 10 in bushed grassland with tall

grass. Occurs alongside M. pusillus in some areas, but generally

prefers damper areas, and is often seen in swamps and Lake-edge veg-
etation.

Family CORACIIDAE Rollers

Coracias abyssinica Abyssinian Roller 458
A non-breeding migrant from the north, it is a straggler to Namulonge
where there are sight records for January and December. Usually occurs

in open bushed grassland. Ref: BNL 6.

Coracias caudata caudata Lilac-breasted Roller 460a
Sc. There is a specimen from Kampala (31 August 1940). That, and

- Sight records from Kabanyolo in September, December and January const-

497.

498.

500.

itute the only records. Refs: BNL 14; Zoology Museum.

Coracias garrulus garrulus Eurasian Roller 457 |
Uncom., few, P.pass.mig. and occasional WV. Most records are for October
to December with a peak in November. Few records for other months from
October to May. Usually occurs singly, but some small flocks have also
been observed. Recorded at Entebbe, Gaba, Kampala, Mabira, Mpumu and
Namulonge. First date: 24 October; last date: 9 May.

Refs: Jackson (1914); BNL 5,6,7,8,14,15,21; Ash; Pearson; pers.obs.

Coracias naevia naevia Rufous-crowned Roller 461
Sc., few, wan. Records mainly for October and November, with one in
July in surprisingly urban areas in the outer Kampala suburbs, and
school playing fields. Refs: BNL 3; Frankum; pers.obs.

Eurystomus glaucurus afer and perhaps glaucurus 46 3a ,D|
Broad-billed Roller (
Com., £.num., res. & perhaps pass.mig., breeds, REM. The only common
roller, usually seen in pairs in open country with tall trees, in bushed jf
and wooded grassland and cultivation. Records of flocks mostly from June jj
to September and in February and March may be migrating birds of the

36

501.

502.

503.

504.

508.

nominate Malagasy race, which is known to migrate to Zaire in February -
November.

Eurystomus gularis neglectus Blue-throated Roller 464
Sc., few, prob.res., no breeding records. Few records from forest at
Kifu (March, May, August) and Mabira. Refs: van Someren (1916); Mann
(1976); BNL 26,31,33,36; Hamel (1980).

Family UPUPIDAE Hoopoe

Upupa epops africana and waibeli Hoopoe 517b, 518
Sc., few, breeds. Recent records are for November, December and

January only in areas of short grass, and lawns. Apparently was

commoner in the past when the race africana was a regular non-breeding
visitor to Entebbe during November, and was subject to local movements,
often on a large scale. The race waibeli was recorded at Entebbe and
Kampala from January to March. Refs: Seth-Smith (1913); van Someren
(1916); Allen & Fripp (1964); BNL 5,6,17; Nest Record; Ash; Pearson.

Family PHOENICULIDAE Wood Hoopoes

Phoeniculus bollei jacksoni White-headed Wood Hoopoe 522
Recorded in the literature for Mabira (November) and the Kampala area.
Refs: van Someren (1916,1918 & 1922); Hamel (1980).

Phoeniculus castaneiceps brunneiceps Forest Wood Hoopoe 524
Sc., few, prob.res., no breeding records. Records for Kifu (March) and
undated records for Kasaala and Mabira. Refs: van Someren (1916); BNL
31; Hamel (1980).

Phoeniculus purpureus marwitzi Green Wood Hoopoe 519a
Common in the drier country to the north of here, but only a straggler

to this area with records from Lutembe (September) and Namulonge (Feb-
ruary). Refs: BNL 18; pers.obs.

Family BUCEROTIDAE Hornbills
Sub-family Bucerotinae

Bycanistes subcylindricus subquadratus Black and White Casqued 500
Hornbill

V.com., num., res., breeds, REM. Widespread throughout from central

Kampala to the Lake shore. Usually in pairs, but occasionally in small

flocks in fruiting trees. Found among tall trees, woodland and open

forest.

Tockus alboterminatus geloensis Crowned Hornbill 509b
F.com., few, prob.res., breeds, REM except October. Occurs in tall bush,
gardens, cultivation and open park-like country, usually in pairs or

small groups.

Tockus fasciatus fasciatus Pied Hornbill 510
Com., f.num., res., breeds, REM. Subject to movements associated with
food supply, with most records for February. Fairly widespread through-
out in forest, woodland and where there are tall trees; usually in pairs
or small parties.

Tockus nasutus nasutus Grey Hornbill 504a
Recorded in the literature at Kyetema. Ref: van Someren (1916).

37

52i7-.

5283

Zor.

53/3).

534.

SSD \

538.

539

540.

548.

549.

553r

Sub-family Bucoracinae

Bucorvus abyssinicus Abyssinian Ground Hornbill 516
Wan., few. Sight records only at Namulonge where recorded three times
between 1960 and 1970. Normally occurs in the semi-arid areas of
northern Uganda. Ref: BNL 14.

Bucorvus cafer Ground Hornbill 515
One unconfirmed published report from near Entebbe. Ref: Britton (ed.)
(1980).

Family CAPITONIDAE Barbets, Tinkerbirds
Buccanodon duchaillui duchaillui Yellow-spotted Barbet 590
F.com., few, prob.res., breeds. Dated records are for January, February,
July and September to November. Occurs in forests and in fruiting trees
in non-forest areas.
Gymnobucco bonapartei cinereiceps Grey-throated Barbet 586

F.com., few, prob.res., breeds. Dated records are for February to May
and September to December. Widespread in open forest, forest edge and-
woodlands. Also in stands of tall trees, and wanders to fruiting trees
away from forest areas, where up to 10 seen together; more commonly in
pairs. Ref: Volrath.

Lybius bidentatus aequatorialis Double-toothed Barbet* 573a
V.com., num., res., breeds, REM. The commonest barbet, widespread
throughout in gardens, woodland, forest edge and bushed and wooded
grassland and cultivation.

Lybius diadematus diadematus Red-fronted Barbet* 585a |
Recorded in the literature at Kyetema. Ref: van Someren (1916).

Lybius hirsutus ansorgii Hairy-breasted Barbet 582a |
F.com., few, prob.res., breeds, REM except February, August and December. |
Fairly widespread in open forest, forest patches and well-wooded country;
wanders to fruiting trees.

Lybius lacrymosus radcliffei Spotted-flanked Barbet 584b |
Recorded in the literature for Entebbe and Kampala, where at one time it r
was apparently common and bred. There are no recent records. It has
either been overlooked, or has undergone a change in status.

Ref: van Someren (1922).

Lybius leucocephalus leucocephalus White-headed Barbet* 5763,
F.com., prob.res., no breeding records, REM except May and August. }
Widespread, usually singly or in pairs, in tall trees in wooded

grassland, open woodland and cultivation.

Pogoniulus bilineatus mfumbiri Yellow-rumped Tinkerbird 596 |
V.com., £.num., res., breeds, REM. Widespread throughout in forest

edge, woodland, tall trees and occasionally tall bush.

Pogoniulus chrysoconus chrysoconus Yellow-fronted Tinkerbird 595)

V.com., £.num., res., breeds, REM. Widespread throughout from central
Kampala gardens to the Lake shore. Less of a forest bird than the
previous species, and is found in smaller trees and often in bushes.

Pogoniulus scolopaceus aloysii Speckled Tinkerbird 592)
F.com., few, prob.res., breeds, REM except February, June and August.
Fairly widespread in forest, forest edge and woodland.

38

555.

556.

561.

562.

563.

566.

569.

572.

576.

581.

Pogoniulus subsulphureus flavimentum Yellow-throated Tinkerbird 598
Uncom., few, prob.res., breeds. Recorded from forest and open wood-

land at Entebbe, Kaazi,Kifu, Kyetema, Mabira, Mpumu and Namanve in
January, May to July, September, November and December. Refs: Seth-
Smith (1913); van Someren (1916 & 1922); BNL 3,25,27,35; Hamel (1980).

Trachylaemus purpuratus elgonensis Yellow-billed Barbet 604
Uncom., few, prob.res. & breeds. Recorded occasionally in forests
including Busi, Entebbe, Kifu, Mabira, Mpanga and Mukono, in April

‘and July to September. Refs: van Someren (1916, 1918 & 1922); BNL

13,20,23,36; Hamel (1980); Pearson.

Family INDICATORIDAE Honeyguides

Indicator conirostris Thick-billed Honeyguide 609
One sight record for Entebbe in September 1971, and four individuals
netted in Zika between September 1970 and July 1972. Refs: Okia (1976);
BNL 25.

Indicator exilis pachyrhynchus Least Honeyguide 610a
Recorded in the literature in Kifu and Mabira. Refs: van Someren
(1916 & 1922); Hamel (1980).

Indicator indicator indicator Black-throated Honeyguide 605
Sc., few, no breeding records. Occasional records in wooded grassland
and tall bush, but its presence is erratic. It was present ina

Kampala suburb almost daily for twelve months from August 1971, and less
often subsequently up until February 1974. Also recorded at Gaba, Kikaya,
Kisubi and Namulonge. Most records are for September to February.

Refs: BNL 16,25,29; pers.obs.

Indicator minor minor Lesser Honeyguide* 608a
Uncom., few, prob.res., no breeding records. The commonest honeyguide

here with records for January, March, April and October to December.

Occurs in bushed and wooded grassland, cultivation and gardens, and has
been recorded at Gaba, Kampala and Namulonge. Refs: Hopkins (1946) ;

BNL 31,46; Pearson; pers.obs.

Indicator variegatus Scaly-throated Honeyguide 606
Recorded in the literature at Entebbe and Mabira.

Prodotiscus insignis insignis Cassin's Honeybird 613a
One sight record for Kifu in July 1971. Its presence here requires
confirmation. Ref: BNL 23.

Family PICIDAE Woodpeckers, Wrynecks
Sub-family Jynginae

Jynx torquilla tschusii Eurasian Wryneck 634b
P.mig. Recorded in the literature at Entebbe on 21 October 1915.
Ref: Meinertzhagen (1939).:

Sub-family Picinae

Campethera caroli Brown-eared Woodpecker 615
Sc., few, prob.res., no breeding records. Occurs in thick primary and
secondary forest, or even thick bush, with records for Gaba, Kifu
(January), Mabira, Mpanga (October) and Zika. Refs: van Someren (1921

& 1922); Okia (1976); BNL 14,29; Hamel (1980); Pearson.

39

Dez.

583

55).

S13)

590%

5927

598.

DIo.

601.

6i2e

621.

Campethera nivosa herberti Buff-spotted Woodpecker 616a
Sc., few, prob.res., no breeding records. Recorded occasionally in

forest and thick bush at Gaba, Kifu (July), Kyetema, Mabira and Zika.

Refs: van Someren (1916 & 1922); Okia (1976); BNL 35; Hamel (1980);
Zoology Museum; Pearson.

Campethera nubica nubica Nubian Woodpecker 619a
Com., few, res., breeds, REM. Widespread throughout from central

Kampala to the Lake shore. Usually in noisy pairs in gardens, bushed

and wooded grassland and cultivation.

Dendropicos fuscescens lepidus Cardinal Woodpecker 623b
F.com., few, prob.res. & breeds. Occurs in gardens, bush, cultivation

and open woodland. Dated records for March, June and September to
December.

Dendropicos poecilolaemus Uganda Spotted Woodpecker 626
F.com., few, prob.res., breeds. Dated records for January to March,

May, August, September and November. Frequents similar habitat to the
previous species.

Mesopicos goertae centralis Grey Woodpecker 630d
Com., few, res., breeds, REM. The commonest and most widespread
woodpecker. An adaptable species found throughout from central

Kampala parks and gardens to Lake shore woodland.

Mesopicos xantholophus Yellow-crested Woodpecker 632
F.com.-uncom., few, prob.res., no breeding records. Found in both
primary and secondary forest. Dated records for February, April,

July and December.

Family PITTIDAE Pittas

Pitta angolensis longipennis African Pitta | 652
Intra-Afr.mig. Occurs in Uganda from June to September as a non-breeding ~
visitor from the south. Recorded in the literature at Mabira.

Refs: van Someren (1922 & 1932); Burke (1969); Hamel (1980).

Pitta reichenowi Green-breasted Pitta 653
Recorded in the literature at Kyagwe. Ref: van Someren (1932).

Family ALAUDIDAE Larks

Calandrella cinerea saturatior Red-capped Lark* 6864 |
Recorded in the literature at Entebbe. Ref: van Someren (1922).

Mirafra africana tropicalis Rufous-naped Lark 659b|
V.com.-com., f.num., res., breeds, REM. The only common lark; widespread
singly or in pairs, in open areas of grass, scattered bush and cultivation,
especially on the grassy Lake shore promontories. |

Mirafra rufocinnamomea kavirondensis Flappet Lark 6604!
Uncom., no breeding records. Recorded in the literature at Entebbe and
Mpumu, and recent sight records from open grassy areas with scattered
bush near the Lake at Kisi (January) and Lutembe (March, May, July and
September to November). Refs: Seth-Smith (1913); van Someren (1922);
BNL 7,29; Ash.

40

Family HIRUNDINIDAE Swallows, Martins, Rough-wings

Delichon urbica urbica House Martin* 1074

623.

Uncom., few, P.pass.mig. Most records are for September, with a few in
October, January (3 times in 1978 only), and March. Usually seen singly
in the company of other hirundines, but up to three together. Recorded
in open grassy areas at Kaazi, Kiteezi, Lutembe and Mabamba, with several
records for the Kampala suburbs. Refs: Pearson (1972b); BNL 1,2,25;
Frankum; Pearson; pers.obs.

624. Hirundo abyssinica unitatis Striped Swallow 1065b
V.com., ab.-num., res., breeds, REM. Widespread from the outskirts of
town to cultivation, open bush and grassy areas by the Lake shore.

Seen with other hirundines, sometimes in flocks of a hundred or more,
near the Lake, but moreoften in pairs, or small numbers.

625. Hirundo aethiopica aethiopica Ethiopian Swallow 1057
There are two sight records: one of nesting birds at Entebbe on 9 May
1971; and of a single bird at Lutembe on 3 October 1982. Refs: Nest
Record; Sheldon; pers.obs.

627. Hirundo angolensis Angola Swallow 1055
V.com., ab., res., breeds, REM, but with an increase in numbers from
February to April. Occurs all round the Lake shore and is widespread
in cultivation, bush and. towns. Often in flocks of several hundred
with other hirundines.

628. Hirundo atrocaerulea Blue Swallow 1060
Uncom., few, intra-Afr.mig. g non-breeding visitor from the south.
Recorded from March to September, but with few precisely dated records.
Usually in the immediate vicinity of the Lake, and has been recorded
at Entebbe (March), Kibanga Port (12 June and 17 July 1971; 15 May
1976), Kyagwe, Mabamba (19 April 1978), Mabira (September), Mpumu (April,
June, September) and Port Bell (mid-July). Occurs singly, or in small
groups flying low over grassy areas, or swamp edge. First date: March;
last date: September. Refs: Seth-Smith (1913); BNL 22,23; Pearson; pers. ©
obs.

633. Hirundo griseopyga griseopyga Grey-rumped Swallow 1066
Com., few-num., loc.mig., breeds. Recorded from January to November,
with a peak from March to May when as many as 150 seen together. Smaller
flocks are commoner, but local, round the Lake shore in open grassy areas.
First date: 23 January; last date: 6 November.

634. Hirundo rustica rustica Eurasian Swallow* 1054a

V.com., ab., P.WV & pass.mig., but REM. The main arrival starts in
August, and it is common by the end of that month, and remains abundant
and widespread until April when most birds depart. The numbers are
augmented by a noticeable south passage in September, and especially in
October. In May, June and July occasional stragglers are recorded.
Frequents a wide variety of habitat including towns, and sometimes forms
enormous flocks by the Lake shore. Associates freely with other hirundines.

635. Hirundo semirufa gordoni Rufous-chested Swallow 1064

F.com.-uncom., few, prob.res., breeds, REM except September and December.
Recorded in open grassy areas, and swamps both inland and on the Lake
shore at Busi, Entebbe, Kibanga Port, Kikaya, Lutembe, Mabamba, Mabira
and Namulonge. Refs: Ansorge (1899); Ogilvie-Grant (1910); van Someren
(1922); BNL 18,20,23,24,27; Zoology Museum; pers.obs.

41

636.

633i

639.

641.

642.

643.

644.

644.

646.

Hirundo senegalensis saturatior Mosque Swallow 1063é
F.com., few, prob.res., breeds, REM except August. More common than

the previous species which it resembles. Occurs in open bush, cultivation
and grassy areas, often round habitation, including parts of Kampala.
Frequently perches on buildings, or bare branches, singly or in pairs.

Hirundo smithii smithii Wire-tailed Swallow 1061
Sc., status not clear., no breeding records. Few undated records by the
Lake shore at Entebbe and Gaba. In other parts of Uganda it occurs round
human habitation. Refs: van Someren (1922); Pearson.

Psalidoprocne albiceps albiceps White-headed Rough-wing 1080
V.com.-com., num.-f.num., res., breeds, REM, but with a possible increase
in numbers from November to April when small flocks are occasionally
present, particularly in April. Widespread, usually in pairs in open
grassy areas, cultivation, gardens and by the Lake shore.

Riparia cincta suahelica Banded Martin 1070b
F.com., few, perhaps res. or wan., breeds, REM. Very local, and occurs

in open grassy Lake-side areas, often on the promontories, but its

presence is unpredictable. Usually several birds are present, but some-
times seen singly.

Riparia paludicola ducis African Sand Martin 1069c
Sc., few, status unclear, no breeding records. Few dated records for
January to March, June, August, November and December. May be overlooked
among the much more numerous R. riparia. Occurs in damp areas round the
Lake shore at Entebbe and Gaba. Refs: Ash; Pearson; pers.obs.

Riparia riparia riparia Sand Martin* 1068a
V.com., ab., P.WV & pass.mig. Virtually confined to the Lake shore, but
occasionally small flocks are seen inland. Present from August to May
sometimes in flocks of thousands, especially at lake-fly swarms, and on
passage in September and October, and again in April and May. It is the
last migrant to leave the area. First date: 27 August; last date: 30 May.

Family DICRURIDAE Drongos

Dicrurus adsimilis probably adsimilis Drongo 1088a
F.com., few, uncertain status, perhaps res. or wan. or loc.mig., breeds.
Records are from August to April, with most records for March and October.
Found among tall trees in non-forest areas including gardens, and most
records are from suburban Kampala. Conspicuous and usually in pairs, or
small groups which perch on bare branches and telegraph wires.

Dicrurus adsimilis coracinus Velvet-mantled Drongo 1087
Uncom., few, prob.res., no breeding records. This forest-loving race

of D. adsimilis is recorded at Entebbe, Kifu, Mabira, Mpanga and Mukono,
with dated records for March, April, June and December. It may be under-
recorded, and has been observed hawking insects in forest glades.

Refs: Stoneham (1928); BNL 17,20,22,32; Hamel: (1980); Pearson.

Family ORIOLIDAE Orioles

Oriolus auratus auratus & perhaps notatus African Golden Oriole 1165a,b
F.com.-uncom., few, intra-Afr.mig. The nominate population is a non-
breeding visitor from the north. Jackson (1938) records this race at
Entebbe in July and August. The southern race notatus is a non-breeding
visitor recorded elsewhere in Uganda. Recent sight records (race not
specified) are for March to July, October and November. It has been seen

42

647.

649.

S51.

653.

654.

664.

666.

in open forest, woodland and tall trees in cultivation. Keeps well
hidden in the higher branches. Here it is most often seen singly, but
elsewhere it has been recorded in flocks.

Oriolus brachyrhynchus laetior Western Black-headed Oriole 1168
Uncom., few, prob.res., no breeding records, one dated record for March
and several undated records. It is probably under-recorded. Found in

the forests where it stays high in the canopy of forest trees, but
occasionally emerges into clearings and forest edge. Records from
Entebbe (unconfirmed), Kifu, Mabira, Mpanga, Mpumu and Sezibwa.

Refs: Seth-Smith (1913); van Someren (1916, 1922); Britton (ed.) (1980);
Hamel (1980); pers.obs.

Oriolus larvatus rolleti Black-headed Oriole 1167
V.com.-com., £.num., perhaps res. & breeds, REM but most records are

for January and February. Widespread in non-forest areas, cultivation,
bush and gardens. Always in the tallest trees, therefore often in
eucalyptus. Sometimes in forest edge. Difficult to see as it keeps

well hidden in the topmost foliage.

Oriolus oriolus oriolus Golden Oriole 1164
Uncom., few, P.pass.mig. Most records are in October and November,

with one in December, one in March and two in April. Found in areas of
tall trees, both near and away from the Lake such as Entebbe, Kaazi,
Kikaya, Kiteezi, Mpumu, Mukono and Namulonge. As with other orioles,

it keeps to the top of tall trees. First date: 13 October; last date:

7 April Refs: BNL 2,3,4,15,19,26; Ash; pers.obs.

Family CORVIDAE Crows

Corvus albicollis White-necked Raven 1175
Recorded in the literature at Entebbe, Kampala and Mpumu. Usually found
among rocky hillsides, but it is apparently a wanderer. Refs: Jackson
(1899); Seth-Smith (1913).

Corvus albus Pied Crow 1172
V.com., num., res., breeds, REM. Widespread in central urban areas at
rubbish dumps and markets, and in the surrounding countryside. Pomeroy
(1975) gives the total population of Kampala as varying between approx-
imately 600 birds to over 800 birds.

Family PARIDAE Tits

Parus funereus Dusky Tit 1157
Recorded in the literature in the tree tops at Mabira and Sezibwa.
Refs: van Someren (1916, 1922); Hamel (1980).

Parus leucomelas guineensis Black Tit 1154c
Uncom., few, perhaps loc.mig., breeds. Most dated records are for

January to March, with a few in April, May, July and November. Usually

in pairs or small groups in the mid-stratum of trees, foraging on the

bark of the trunks and larger branches. Recorded at Entebbe, Kaazi,
Kampala, Kasanje, Katalemwa, Mabira, Mpumu, Mukono and Namulonge.
Individuals here have a pale eye. Refs: Jackson (1899, 1906); Ogilvie-
Grant (1910); Seth-Smith (1913); BNL 15,17,21,31,33; Nest Record;

Pearson; pers.obs.

43

668.

674.

675).

SU's

681.

663°.

684.

688.

690.

Family REMIZIDAE Penduline Tits

Remiz caroli roccattii African Penduline Tit 1160c
Sc., few, breeds. Recorded in the literature at Entebbe, Kyetema,

Kyetume (April, May) and Sezibwa, and one recent sight record for

Kibanga Port on 27 November 1971. Usually in small parties searching
bushes and flowers. Refs: Ogilvie-Grant (1910); van Someren (1916 &
1922); BNL 7; Nest Record.

Family TIMALIIDAE Babblers

Trichastoma albipectus Scaly-breasted Illadopsis 13m
Recorded in the literature at Mabira. Refs: van Someren (1916 & 1922).

Trichastoma fulvescens ugandaé Brown Illadopsis 135
F.com., few, prob.res., no breeding records, dated records for January,
May, June and July. Widespread in most of the forests here. Secretive

in nature, and frequents dense undergrowth, therefore probably under-
recorded. Often in small parties low down, and sometimes on the forest
Floor in, Ehervicinitey Of lant thaws

Trichastoma rufipennis rufipennis Pale-breasted Illadopsis 736a
Uncom., few, prob.res., no breeding records. Another very secretive,
perhaps under-recorded forest species. Has been netted and seen
occasionally in Kifu (February and May), and there are old records for
Mabira where it was described as plentiful. Appears to keep low down

in the undergrowth and is sometimes seen in small parties.

Refs: van Someren (1916 & 1922); BNL 30,33; Hamel (1980).

Turdoides jardineii eminii Arrow-marked Babbler 725b
Sc., few, status unclear, no breeding records. Recorded occasionally in
parties in thick bush and open woodland at Kaazi (October) and Kikaya
(January). Refs: BNL 26,41; Pearson.

Turdoides melanops sharpei Black-lored Babbler 726a
F.com., few, prob.res., breeds, REM except March, August, September and
November. A very local species found in open bush and cultivation.

Like the next species its movements appear to be erratic, and it may be
absent for weeks or months from its usual haunts.

Turdoides plebejus cinereus Brown Babbler 723b
F.com., £.num.-few, prob.res., breeds, REM. Widespread in areas of
elephant grass and rank overgrown cultivation. Also occurs in gardens,
even in central Kampala. Its movements are not clear, and its presence

is unpredictable, as it is unaccountably absent for weeks or months.

Seen usually in noisy parties.

Family CAMPEPHAGIDAE Cuckoo Shrikes

Campephaga flava Black Cuckoo Shrike 1081
Sc., status uncertain, no breeding records. Recorded at Entebbe, Kaazi
(November) and Kampala (April and June). Inhabits gardens.and places
with small or medium trees. Some males in the area have yellow shoulders,
but the all black variety is probably commoner. Refs: BNL 3; Pearson;
pers.obs.

Campephaga phoenicea Red-shouldered Cuckoo Shrike 1083
V.com.-com., few, res., loc.mig., breeds, REM, but with a marked

increase in numbers between January and April. Widespread, usually

in pairs in the upper branches of trees.

44

691.

697

698.

B29.

701,

705.

706.

707.

708.

Campephaga quiscalina martini Purple-throated Cuckoo Shrike 1084a
Recorded in the literature at Mabira. Refs: van Someren (1916 & 1922);
Hamel (1980).

Family PYCNONOTIDAE Bulbuls
Andropadus curvirostris curvirostris Cameroon Sombre Greenbul 774
F.com.-uncom., few, prob.res., breeds. Occurs in the forests, including
Entebbe, Kifu, Kyagwe (April), Mabira, Mpumu, Sezibwa and Zika where it
is probably fairly common, but is under-recorded. Ranges while feeding
from the tops of medium sized trees to the undergrowth. Refs: Seth-
Smith (1913); van Someren (1916 & 1922); Okia (1976); Hamel (1980);
Nest Record; Pearson.
Andropadus gracilirostris congensis Slender-billed Greenbul TH1b,¢
Uncom., few, prob.res., no breeding records. Another little known, and
probably under-recorded bulbul with old records at Entebbe, Kyagwe,
Kyetema, Mabira, Mpumu and Sezibwa. There is a recent record for Kifu
(August). Occurs sometimes at the forest edge and undergrowth, but mostly
in the canopy of fruiting trees in the forest. Usually in pairs, or small
parties. Refs: Seth-Smith (1913); van Someren (1916); BNL 36; Hamel (1980).
Andropadus gracilis ugandae Little Grey Greenbul 772a
F.com., few, prob.res., no breeding records. Almost certainly under-
recorded, and is probably common in all the forests. Dated records are
for January. It frequents the upper foliage of fruiting trees.
Andropadus latirostris eugenius Yellow-whiskered Greenbul 776
Com., f£.num.-few, prob.res., breeds, dated records are for January, April,
May, July and November. Occurs in dense tall undergrowth and small trees
in secondary as well as primary forest, and is probably present in all the
forests here.
Andropadus virens holochlorus Little Greenbul 775a
Com., f.num., res., breeds, REM. Widespread in forest edge, thickets and
secondary bush. Appears to keep mostly to the undergrowth and thickets,
but also seen in the canopy of fruiting trees.
Baeopogon indicator indicator Honeyguide Greenbul T3A
Uncom., few, prob.res., no breeding records. Has been recorded in tall
trees at Bukasa (March, April), Entebbe, Kaazi, Kifu (August, September),
Mabira and Sezibwa. Refs: van Someren (1916, 1918 & 1922); BNL 2,25,36;
Hamel (1980).
Bleda eximia ugandae Green-tailed Bristlebill 747
Uncom., few, prob.res., no breeding records. Occurs in the forests
including Kifu (June), Kyagwe, Mabira (July) and Sezibwa, but there are
few recent records, and it appears to be local. Inhabits the undergrowth
and the lower reaches of the forest, and often near ant trails.
Refs: van Someren (1916, 1922 & 1932); BNL 34; Hamel (1980); Zoology
Museum.
Bleda syndactyla woosnami Bristlebill 746

F.com.-uncom., few, prob.res., breeds, dated records for March to May and
October to December. Commoner than the previous species with more recent
records. Found in forest undergrowth and dense bush at Bukasa, Gaba, Kifu
and Mabira. Refs: van Someren (1916); BNL 2,26; Hamel (1980); Zoology
Museum; Pearson.

45

709.

elie

714,

TUE

CNG.

718.

Wis).

VATS

128.

TS2ie

734.

Chlorocichla flavicollis pallidigula Yellow-throated Leaflove 749
V.com., num., res., breeds, REM. Widespread and often seen, or heard in
secondary growth, undergrowth, thick bush and gardens, and keeps well
hidden.

Chlorocichla laetissima Joyful Greenbul 770
Sc., few, status uncertain, no breeding records. Has been recorded in
thick bush at Bukasa (October), Entebbe, Kaazi (November) and Mabira.

Said to occur in small flocks in forest canopy. Refs: Williams (1967);
BNL 3; Britton (ed.) (1980); Hamel (1980).

Criniger calurus emini Red-tailed Greenbul 745
F.com., few, prob.res., no breeding records. It is probably under-
recorded and may be locally common. The only dated records are for

April. Occurs in small parties both in undergrowth and forest tree tops.

Ixonotus guttatus bugoma Spotted Greenbul 752
Sc., few, prob.res., no breeding records. Recent sight records at Bukasa
(March, April) and Kifu (January), Mpigi (unconfirmed). Occurs mostly in
the upper foliage in forests, but is also sometimes in low bushes.

Refs: BNL 2,29; Britton (ed.) (1980); Pearson.

Nicator chloris chloris Nicator 1148a
Com., few, res., breeds, dated records for March, April, July and November.
Widespread singly or in pairs in tall undergrowth, and the mid-stratum of
trees in thick bush and forest.

Phyllastrephus albigularis White-throated Greenbul 761
Com., £.num.-few, prob.res., no breeding records, REM except February,
April and September. Widespread in the undergrowth in primary forest

and secondary growth throughout.

Phyllastrephus baumanni hypochloris Toro Olive Greenbul 760
Sc., few, prob.res., no breeding records, no dated records. Found in

primary forest at Entebbe, Mabira and Mpanga. Usually in tangled under-
growth in pairs or small parties. Refs: van Someren (1922); Hamel (1980) 4
Pearson.

Phyllastrephus placidus sucosus Placid Greenbul 758c
Mostly a highland bird in other parts of Uganda. There are records in
the past for Mabira, and recent possible sight records at Namulonge.
Its presence here requires confirmation. Refs: van Someren (1932 &
1949); BNL 24. .

Phyllastrephus scandens orientalis lLeaflove 750
Sc., few, prob.res., no breeding records. Recorded in forests and wooded
areas such as Kifu (June, July), Mabira (June) and Mukono (July).
Frequents tree tops, thickets and dense tangled creepers. Refs: BNL 23,
34; Hamel (1980); pers.obs.

*

Pycnonotus barbatus tricolor Common Bulbul 742a
V.com., num., res., breeds, REM. Widespread in gardens, bush, forest edge, ©
cultivation as well as in central urban areas.

Family TURDIDAE Thrushes, Robins etc.

Alethe diademata woosnami Fire-crested Alethe 901
F.com., few, prob.res., no breeding records, dated records for January,
March-May and August. Widespread usually in pairs, or singly in thick
forest and forest edge. Has been recorded in most of the forests here.
Keeps low in the undergrowth, and is often seen on the ground at ant trails.

46

736.

743.

744.

750.

751..

72.

EEF

761.

764.

769.

Alethe poliocephala carruthersi Brown-chested Alethe 903a
Uncom., few, prob.res., no breeding records. Records in forest under-
growth at Entebbe, Kifu (July, September) and Mabira (June), probably
under-recorded. Usually seen on the forest floor, and is attracted to

ant trails. Refs: van Someren (1916); BNL 25,34,35; Hamel (1980);
Pearson.

Cercotrichas hartlaubi Brown-backed Scrub Robin 914
Com., £.num., prob.res., no breeding records, REM. Widespread in tall
grass, especially elephant grass, rank overgrown cultivation and tall
bush. Usually seen singly, and keeps well hidden.

Cercotrichas leucophrys zambesiana White-browed Scrub Robin 910a
Uncom., few, prob.res., no breeding records. Much less common than the
previous species, but occasionally seen in rather similar habitat.

Perhaps frequents rather drier areas, and is less dependent on long grass.
Recorded at Gaba (October), Kampala (August), Lutembe (June), Namulonge
(June) and Zika. Refs: Okia (1976); BNL 9,10; pers.obs.

Cossypha cyanocampter bartteloti Blue-shouldered Robin Chat 889
Sc., few, prob.res., no breeding records. A little known inhabitant of
some of the forests here. It has been recorded at Kifu (April,June,
August) and Mabira (June). Keeps to the undergrowth and forest floor,

and said to favour streams and swampy places in the forest.

Refs: van Someren (1916); BNL 32,34,36; Hamel (1980).

Cossypha heuglini heuglini White-browed Robin Chat 884a
V.com., num., res., breeds, REM. Widespread throughout from central
Kampala parks and gardens to dense bush and forest edge. Shy and

retiring, it usually keeps to bushes and thick cover, but sometimes

comes into the open to feed.

Cossypha natalensis intensa or hylophona Red-capped Robin Chat 890
Uncom., few, prob.res., breeds. Dated records are for January, April, May,
September and October. Found in some of the forests here including
Entebbe, Kifu, Mabira and Mpumu. Elsewhere in East Africa it has been
found to be migratory, but data here is too scanty to draw conclusions.
Refs: Seth-Smith (1913); van Someren (1916); BNL 22,26,29,33,37; Hamel
(1980).

Cossypha niveicapilla melanonota Snowy-headed Robin Chat 892
F.com., f.num., res., breeds, REM. Requires denser cover and thickets
than C. heuglini and does not venture into central Kampala. Inhabits
forest patches and forest edge as well as thickets.

Dryocichloides poliopterus poliopterus Grey-winged Ground Robin 887
Recorded in the past at Kyetema, Kyetume (June, breeding), Mabira, Mpumu
(June) where it was described as "rare", and Sezibwa. There are no
recent records, and Hamel (1980) suggests that is may have been replaced
locally by Cossypha cyanocampter. Refs: Seth-Smith (1913); van Someren
(1916,1922 & 1932); Hamel (1980); Nest Record.

Luscinia megarhynchos megarhynchos and hafizi Nightingale 921a,b
Sc., few, P.WV. Recorded on a very few occasions from November to January
in bush and forest edge at Entebbe and Mpumu. Keeps well hidden in dense
bush. First date: 2 November; last date: January. Refs: Pearson (1972b)
Pearson.

Monticola saxatilis Rock Thrush 850
Sc., few, P.WV. Recorded at Entebbe, Kampala and Namulonge in December and
January. It ts a noticeable bird where it occurs, perching on the tops of

47

UGAve

UiD\

UUIke

TSS

7isnhe

783.

784.

789.

790.

bushes, thickets and posts. Refs: BNL 17; Ash.

Myrmecocichla nigra Sooty Chat : 880
V.com., num., res., breeds, REM. Found in open grassy areas both by the
Lake shore, especially on the promontories, and inland. Associated

with termite mounds, and has been recorded in Kampala in suitable

habitat.

Oenanthe isabellina Isabelline Wheatear 855
Sc., few, P.WV. Recorded a few times in open short grass, and bare earth

areas from October to February at Entebbe, Lutembe and Mabira. First date:
31 October; last date: 20 February. Refs: Pearson (1972b); Ash; pers.obs.

Oenanthe oenanthe oenanthe Northern Wheatear 854a
F.com., few, P.WV or pass.mig. Seen much more often than the previous
species, but its abundance varies from year to year. Almost all records
are for October, November and December, with some in January, February

and March. It inhabits open grassy areas, being typically found near

the Lake. Most often recorded at Entebbe Airport. First date: 24 September;
last date: 16 March.

Oenanthe pleschanka pleschanka Pied Wheatear 859a
One sight record for this Palaearctic migrant at Namulonge on 13 December
1971. Normally occurs in drier areas to the north and east of here.

Ref: BNL 18.

Phoenicurus phoenicurus phoenicurus Redstart 917a
Sc., few, P.WV. Recorded in the past at Entebbe in February and March;
with one recent sight record at Kaazi in January 1967. Normally found

in tall bush, dry woodland and thickets, where it keeps well hidden.

Ref: Pearson (1972b).

Saxicola rubetra Whinchat 883
V.com., num., P.WV. Occurs from September to April, and is widespread

in open damp, grassy country, with scattered bushes, marshy areas and
swamp edges. There are more records for October and March, suggesting

a small passage. Usually seen singly, but sometimes several individuals
will congregate in a favoured spot. First date: 12 September; last

date: 16 April.

Saxicola torquata axillaris Stonechat 882d
Uncom., few, no breeding records. Surprisingly few records; mainly in
areas of open bush and grassland. May have been more common in the

past, and is common in the sugar estates to the east of this area.

Has been recorded at Entebbe, Kampala (May, September), Kasanje (April),
Kibanga Port (May, November), Kikaya (January), Mabira and Mpumu.

Usually seen perched on bushes and telegraph wires. Refs: Seth-Smith
(1913); van Someren (1922); BNL 20,27,41; Zoology Museum; Pearson; pers.
obs.

Stiphrornis erythrothorax xanthogaster Forest Robin ; 900 4
Uncom., few, prob.res., no breeding records. Inhabits dense, shady

forest undergrowth, and may be more common than the few records suggest.
Recorded at Kifu and Mabira in January and June to August.

Refs: van Someren (1916); Friedman & Williams (1969); BNL 29,35,37;
Hamel (1980); Zoology Museum.

Stizorhina fraseri vulpina Rufous Thrush 810
F.com., status unclear, prob.res., no breeding records. Most dated
records are for April (5), with one in March and two in June. Found in
most of the forests here where it frequents the canopy.

48

801. Turdus pelios centralis African Thrush 840c
V.com., num., res., breeds, REM. The common thrush here. Widespread
throughout from urban Kampala to forest edge.

Family SYLVIIDAE Warblers

805. Acrocephalus arundinaceus arundinaceus and zarudnyi Great Reed
Warbler 942a,b
F.com., few, P.WV. Recorded from late November to April in tall grass,
cultivation and bush. It is widespread and most common near the Lake
shore, but keeps well hidden in thick vegetation. First date: 17 November;
last date: 25 April.

806. Acrocephalus baeticatus cinnamomeus African Reed Warbler 946a
Uncom., few, no breeding records, prob.res. Recorded by the Lake shore
at Gaba and Lutembe in small numbers in dense bush. Dated records are
for March (2), April (2), May, September and December (4). Elsewhere
in East Africa there is evidence of migratory movements. It may be
under-recorded here. Retiring in habits and keeps well hidden.
Refs: Pearson (1972b); Ash; Pearson; pers.obs.

807. Acrocephalus gracilirostris jacksoni Lesser Swamp Warbler 957b
V.com.-com., f.num., res., breeds, REM. Found in papyrus swamp, reeds and
other Lake shore vegetation, but is probably commonest on the rocky off-
shore islands.

808. Acrocephalus griseldis Basra Reed Warbler 943
Sc., P.WV. Recorded twice at Gaba On 13 November 1966 and 25 November
1967. Refs: Pearson (1972a & 1972b); Mann (1976).

809. Acrocephalus palustris Marsh Warbler 945
Sc., P. autumn pass.mig. All records are the result of mist netting at
Gaba in thick bush, and are for November and early December only.

Refs: Pearson (1972a & 1972b); pers.obs.

810. Acrocephalus rufescens niloticus Greater Swamp Warbler 955b
Recorded only in the literature at Entebbe. Ref: Ogilvie-Grant (1910).

811. Acrocephalus schoenobaenus Sedge Warbler 947
V.com.-com., few, P.WV & pass.mig. Recorded from November to May in
dense Lake-side bush, and sometimes in papyrus. Although there is an
evident spring passage in late March and April the bird occurs in some
numbers from December to April, but abundance varies from year to year.
First date: 14 November; last date: 1 May.

812. Acrocephalus scirpaceus fuscus Reed Warbler 944b
V.com., f.num., P.WV. Present from September to May and is found in
dense bush and rank herbage. Although most numerous near the Lake’, it
is often seen away from water in suitable habitat, including gardens.
Forages in the mid-stratum of trees as well as low down in thickets.
First date: 25 September; last date: 1 May.

817. Apalis cinerea cinerea Grey Apalis 973
Recorded in the literature at Mpumu, where it is stated to be probably
"common" in the tops of the high forest trees. Refs: Seth-Smith
(1913); Hamel (1980).

818. Apalis flavida caniceps Yellow-breasted Apalis 980a
Com., £.num., prob.res., no breeding records, REM. Widespread in open
woodland, bush, gardens, secondary growth and medium sized trees.

49

819.

823.

826.

829).

834.

S377.

838.

841.

843.

Apalis jacksoni jacksoni Black-throated Apalis 982
Uncom., few, prob.res., breeds. Dated records are for March, April,

June and July. Occurs in primary forest and other areas of tall trees
including Busi, Entebbe, Kibanga Port, Kifu, Mabira, Mpumu and Mukono.
Usually in small groups high in the canopy, but also occasionally

forages in the undergrowth. Refs: Seth-Smith (1913); van Someren (1916);
BNL 19,20,23; Hamel (1980).

Apalis nigriceps collaris Black-capped Apalis 983
Recorded in the literature for Entebbe and Mabira. Refs: van Someren
(1916 & 1922); Hamel (1980).

Apalis rufogularis nigrescens Buff-throated Apalis 972,96
F.com., few, prob.res., no breeding records. Dated records are for

March, July and October. Usually seen singly or in pairs in primary

and secondary forest; also some records away from forest in thickets

and in groups of tall and medium sized trees.

Bathmocercus cerviniventris vulpinus Black-faced Rufous Warbler 1053
Sc. There is one sight record in Kifu on 9 July 1972. Another bird
was heard in Mabira on 8 April 1972. Refs: BNL 32,35; Hamel (1980).

Bradypterus carpalis White-winged Warbler 950
F.com., few, prob.res., no breeding records. This inhabitant of papyrus
swamps is certainly under-recorded, and is more common and widespread

than the few records suggest. It has been recorded frequently at
Namulonge in recent years, and there are old records in similar habitat
along the Sezibwa River.

Camaroptera brachyura tincta Grey-backed Camaroptera 1011b
V.com., num., res., breeds, REM. The grey-backed form which occurs here
is widespread in gardens, bush and forest edge, singly or in pairs.

Usually creeps about in the undergrowth, but occasionally feeds in low
trees.

Camaroptera chloronota toroensis Olive-green Camaroptera 1010
Uncom., few, prob.res., no breeding records. Records in primary forest
including Kifu (January, September) and Mabira (April, October, November)
where it may be not uncommon. Perhaps occurs in other forests too and is
under-recorded. Inhabits the undergrowth. Refs: van Someren (1916 & 1922);
BNL 25,29,32; Hamel (1980).

Camaroptera superciliaris Yellow-browed Camaroptera 1012
Sc., few, prob.res., no breeding records. Recorded in Kifu (October),
Mabira (January, April, November, December) and Mpanga. Inhabits low
trees and forest undergrowth, and dense tangled creepers.

Refs: van Someren (1922); BNL 26,32; Hamel (1980); Pearson.

Chloropeta natalensis massaica Yellow Warbler 805b
Sc., status uncertain, no breeding records. Recorded in the literature
from Entebbe and Mabira. There is a recent sight record from the Lake
shore at Gaba in open bush on 26 November 1978. Occurs in dense long
grass, bush and tangled herbage. Refs: Ogilvie-Grant (1910); van Someren
(1916); pers.obs.

50 a

CISTICOLAS : There are ten species of Cisticolas recorded here. Of these,
three: erythrops, galactotes and natalensis are very common. Seyen are
recorded occasionally, and may be overlooked: ayresii, brachyptera,
carruthersi, juncidis, lateralis, robusta and woosnami.

848.

850.

853.

857.

860.

862.

864.

866.

869.

573.

Cisticola ayresii entebbe Wing-snapping Cisticola 1019c
Uncom., few, prob.res., breeds. Dated records are for February to May.
Occurs in short tussocky grass at Entebbe. Refs: Friedmann & Loveridge
(1937) ; pers.obs.

Cisticola brachyptera brachyptera Siffling Cisticola 1037a

F.com., few, prob.res., no breeding records. Dated records are for
January, April and October to December. Probably under-recorded.

Occurs in bushed grassland at Entebbe, Kampala, Kyetema, Kyetume,

Mabira and Mpumu. Refs: Jackson (1901); Seth-Smith (1913); van Someren
(1922); Friedmann & Williams (1969); Ash; pers.obs.

Cisticola carruthersi Carruthers' Cisticola 1034
Uncom.-sc., few, prob.res., no breeding records. Recorded in the
literature at Entebbe and Sezibwa (March). Recent records are for Gaba
(April,May) and Entebbe (October,December). It is confined to papyrus
Swamp so is probably overlooked. Refs: van Someren (1922); Ash; pers.
obs.

Cisticola erythrops sylvia Red-faced Cisticola 1032b
V.com., num., res., breeds, REM. With C. galactotes this is the most
common cisticola here. Widespread in overgrown gardens, long grass,

bush, rank cultivation and elephant grass.

Cisticola galactotes amphilecta Winding Cisticola 1033e
V.com., num., res., breeds, REM One of the commonest cisticolas here,
with C. erythrops. Occurs in damper areas than erythrops, and is wide-
spread in long swampy grass throughout, including central Kampala in

quite small patches of damp elephant grass.

Cisticola juncidis uropygialis Zitting Cisticola 1016b
F.com., few, prob.res., breeds, REM except January, February and May.
Recorded in open grassy Lake-side areas at Entebbe and Lutembe

Cisticola lateralis antinorii Whistling Cisticola 1025
F.com., few, prob.res., no breeding records. Dated records are for
January, May, September, October and November. Recorded in the
literature at Entebbe, Kampala, Kisubi (where it is described as "very
plentiful"), Mabira and Mpumu (where it is described as "common").

Recent records are for Kisubi, Lutembe and Kibanga Port, but it may be
under-recorded. Found in short grass among bush and small trees, near
thickets and forest edges.

Cisticola natalensis strangei Croaking Cisticola 1036b
V.com., £.num., res., breeds, REM. Most records are for the Lake shore
in long damp grass with thickets and bush.

Cisticola robusta nuchalis Stout Cisticola 1035b
Uncom.-sc., few, prob.res., no breeding records. Few records in long

damp grasslands and sugar fields at Entebbe, Kajansi (August), Kyetema

and Mabira. Refs: van Someren (1916); BNL 12.

Cisticola woosnami woosnami Trilling Cisticola 1026a
Sc., breeds. Recorded in the literature at Entebbe, Kyetume (May) and
Mabira, and there is one recent record for Kibanga Port (November).

Refs: Jackson (1901); van Someren (1922); BNL 27; Nest Record.

51

875i

885.

888.

889.

Si) G

'S}S)5) 5

896.

901.

904.

9077

908.

Eminia lepida Grey-capped Warbler 993
V.com., num., res., breeds, REM. Widespread in gardens,. bush,
cultivation and forest edge. Keeps well hidden in dense thickets.

Hippolais icterina Icterine Warbler 935
Sc., few, P.WV & pass.mig. It has been known to winter in a Kampala
garden, but is mostly a passage migrant recorded in October, November

and March, April. Frequents areas of trees and open woodland.

First date: 3 October; last date 25 March. Refs: Pearson (1972b);

BNL 28,31; Pearson; Sheldon.

Hippolais pallida elaeica Olivaceous Warbler 938b
Sc., P.WV. Three records only at Gaba on 19 November, at Mukono on

29 December 1970 and at Lutembe on 17 December 1981. It occurs more
commonly in arid and semi-arid acacia country. Refs: BNL 17; Pearson
(1972b) ; Sheldon; pers.obs.

Hylia prasina prasina Green Hylia 1281
Com., few, prob.res., no breeding records. Dated records are for March,
April, September and October. Widespread in forest and thick bush, and
is seen both in tree tops and low in the undergrowth, usually singly, or
sometimes in pairs.

Hyliota flavigaster flavigaster Yellow-bellied Hyliota 813a
Recorded in the literature at Kyetume and Mabira. Refs: van Someren
(1916 & 1922); Hamel (1980).

Macrosphenus concolor Grey Longbill 1015
Recorded in the literature at Kyetume and Mabira. Refs: van Someren
(926), 1922, & 1932); sbancis a @980)e

Macrosphenus flavicans hypochondriacus Yellow Longbill 1014
Sc., few, prob.res., no breeding records. Dated records are for February,
August and September in Kifu and Mabira. Said to occur in pairs creeping
about in low dense, tangled herbage in the forest. Refs: van Someren
(1916 & 1922); BNL 25,30,36; Hamel (1980).

Pholidornis rushiae denti Tit Hylia 1282
Sc., no breeding records. A pair was collected in the past in Mabira,

and there is a recent sight record also in Mabira on 8 April 1972.

Said to inhabit tall forest trees. Refs: BNL 32; Hamel (1980).

Phylloscopus collybita abietinus Chiffchaff 960k
Sc., P.WV. There is a sight record in the literature for Entebbe, and
recent sight records at Kikaya (December, February), Kaazi (March) and
Entebbe (April). Other records for Uganda are from the east, and usually
in highland areas. Refs: BNL 6,7,16; Ash.

Phylloscopus sibilatrix Wood Warbler 961
Sc., P.WV. Recorded in the literature at Mpumu and recent sight records
at Mukono on 29 December 1971, Entebbe 27 March 1983 and 5 April 1983.

It inhabits open forest and woodland. Refs: Seth-Smith (1913); BNL 18;
Ash.

Phylloscopus trochilus acredula and yakutensis Willow Warbler 959]
V.com.-com., num., P.WV & pass.mig. The race yakutensis is estimated

at 7.5% of the total. Widespread in gardens and open bush, among trees
and tall thickets from mid-September to the end of April. There is a
marked autumn passage in October and November, and a smaller less
noticeable spring passage. During these times small parties of up to

15 or 20 birds are fairly commonly seen. Many winter here, and single

52

birds are seen in all winter months. Commonly forages in the mid-
stratum or canopy of trees, or in the very top of tall thickets. Only
rarely does it venture lower down. First date: 10 September; last
date: 1 May. Ref: Pearson (1972b).

911. Prinia leucopogon reichenowi White-chinned Prinia 1048
Com., few, res., breeds, REM. Widespread usually in pairs or small
parties which move restlessly among the bushes or low trees by the Lake-
side. There are records away from the Lake, but it appears to be
commoner among the Lake-side vegetation and cultivation.

913. Prinia subflava melanorhyncha Tawny-flanked Prinia 1045¢c
V.com., num., res., breeds, REM. Widespread in gardens, bush, elephant
grass and overgrown cultivation. Needs cover and favours rank vegetation.

914. Schoenicola platyura alexinae Fan-tailed Warbler 969b
Recorded in the literature at Entebbe and Mpumu. Refs: Seth-Smith
(1913); van Someren (1916 & 1922).

915. Sphenoeacus mentalis mentalis Moustached Warbler 1051ib
Com., £f.num., res., breeds, REM. Found in long grass, rank herbage and
cultivation. Usually keeps well hidden in low dense cover and is heard
more often than seen.

917. Sylvia atricapilla atricapilla or dammholzi_ Blackcap 926a,b
Sc., P.WV. Most records are from thick Lake-side bush at Gaba and
Entebbe, also Mukono. Dated records are for December, January and
February. It usually winters in highland areas. Refs: Jackson (1914);
Pearson (1972b); BNL 17; Pearson.

918. Sylvia borin woodwardi Garden Warbler 925
V.com.-com., f.num., P.WV & pass.mig. Recorded from September to May,
and there is a marked passage from late October to early December.
Widespread in bush, gardens and thickets, and sometimes forest edge.
Usually forages fairly low down. First date: 25 September; last date:
1 May.

NOTE: Of the three common Palaearctic migrant warblers in the area Sylvia borin
usually forages in thickets, Phylloscopus trochilus in the mid or top
strata of trees, and Acrocephalus scirpaceus both in thickets and in the
mid-stratum of trees.

919. Sylvia communis icterops & one poss. communis Whitethroat - 924a,b
Uncom., few, P.WV. Has been recorded occasionally in open bush, mostly
at the Lake-side from November to April at Entebbe, Gaba, Kampala and
Lutembe. Normally favours more arid areas. First date: November;
last date: 21 April. Refs: Pearson (1972b); BNL 28; Frankum; Pearson;
pers.obs.

920. Sylvia nisoria nisoria Barred Warbler 933
Uncom.-sc., few, P.WV & autumn pass.mig. Most records are for Lake-side
vegetation at Entebbe, Gaba and Lutembe from October to April, especially
October and November. Refs: Pearson (1972a & 1972b); Ash.

921. Sylvietta brachyura carnapi Northern Crombec 996c
Uncom., few, prob.res., no breeding records. Dated records are for
January and October at Gaba, Kampala, Mabira and Mpumu. Normally
inhabits dry bush country. Refs: Seth-Smith (1913); van Someren
(1916 & 1922); Frankum; Mann; Pearson; Pitman; pers.obs.

53

924. Sylvietta virens baraka Green Crombec 1001
F.com., few, prob.res., breeds. Dated records are for February, March,
April, May, September and November. This is probably the commonest
crombec, and it is seen in dense bush, undergrowth, thickets and forest
patches and forest edge. Many records are from the Lake-side. Usually
seen singly, and keeps well hidden.

925. Sylvietta whytii jacksoni Red-faced Crombec 997b
Uncom., few, prob.res., no breeding records. Occurs in more open habitat
than the previous species. It is seen in scattered bush, trees and
gardens, usually singly. Records are for Kaazi (August), Kampala (November)
and Kiteezi (October). Refs: van Someren (1922); BNL 2,3,36; Pearson.

Family MUSCICAPIDAE Flycatchers
Sub-family Muscicapinae

926. Artomyias fuliginosa Sooty Flycatcher 804
Sc., few, prob.res., no breeding records. The few records in the
literature imply that it was fairly common in Mabira in the past. There
is one recent sight record at Kifu on 28 August 1972. Perhaps overlooked
as it inhabits tree tops in forest. Refs: van Someren (1916,1922 & 1949);
BNL 36; Hamel (1980).

928. Bradornis pallidus murinus Pale Flycatcher 7926
Recorded in the literature at Entebbe and Kyetume. Refs: van Someren
(AQ ZL UODD)

930. Ficedula albicollis probably semitorquata Collared Flycatcher 779

Uncom.-sc., P.pass.mig. There are seven dated records, all for single
birds: Kaazi 29 September 1966 & 24 September 1968; Kampala adult male
26 June 1968, female (ringed) 7 September 1970, female 30 November 1977,
adult male 14 February 1982; Lutembe 8 October 1983. Occurs in bushed
and wooded grassland, and gardens with trees. Refs: BNL 13; Ash;
Frankum; Pearson; pers.obs.

934. Melaenornis edolioides lugubris Black Flycatcher 798a
V.com., num., res., breeds, REM. Widespread throughout in gardens,
including central Kampala, bush and cultivation with scattered trees.
Usually in pairs and often crepuscular.

936. Muscicapa adusta pumila Dusky Flycatcher 781ic
Com., £f.num., res., breeds, REM. Widespread, usually in pairs, from outer
suburban gardens in Kampala to open bush and woodland. Usually perches in
the lower branches of trees.

937. Muscicapa aquatica infulata Swamp Flycatcher 782b
Com., f.num., res., breeds, REM. Widespread round the Lake shore, singly
or in pairs in the restricted habitat of papyrus, or other Lake-side
vegetation, including trees. Also occasionally seen in inland swamps.

938. Muscicapa caerulescens brevicaudata Ashy Flycatcher 785a
Sc., few, prob.res., breeds. Few records in the literature for Entebbe,
Kyagwe, Kyetema, Mabira (September) and Mpumu (June), and recent sight
records at Kifu (September) and Entebbe (April). Inhabits open forest
and forest edge. Refs: Seth-Smith (1913); van Someren (1922); BNL 25;
Hamel (1980); Nest Record; Ash.

940. Muscicapa comitata Dusky Blue Flycatcher 803 :
Uncom., few, prob.res., no breeding records. Said in the literature to ‘
frequent open forest, and recorded at Mabira and Murchison Bay. Recent
records are from thick bush and secondary growth at Katalemwa, Kifu,

54

942.

945.

946.

949.

355.

Namulonge (January, August, September) and Zika. Refs: van Someren
(1916); Okia (1976); BNL 24,25,29; Hamel (1980); Pearson.

Muscicapa griseigularis Grey-throated Flycatcher 786
Uncom., few, prob.res., breeds. Found in primary forest including Kifu
(March, September), Mabira, Mpumu (March) and Zika. Said to occur near
water. Refs: Seth-Smith (1913); van Someren (1916); Okia (1976);

BNL 31,37; Hamel (1980).

Muscicapa striata neumanni and possibly striata Spotted Flycatcher 778a,
Com., few, P.pass.mig. & occasional WV. Recorded from September to April
with most records for October-November and March-April. Usually occurs
singly and is widespread in open bush, light woodland, cultivation and
gardens, sometimes even in central Kampala. First date: 22 September;

last date: 24 April.

Myioparus plumbeus plumbeus' Lead-coloured Flycatcher 788a
F.com., few, prob.res., breeds, REM except January, July to September

and December. Local, solitary, retiring and occurs in thick bush,
secondary growth and forest edge, mostly, but not only by the Lake shore.
Frequents the mid and lower strata of trees, and the tops of tall bushes.

Sub-family Platysteirinae

Batis minor erlangeri Black-headed Batis 820b
Uncom., few, prob.res., breeds. Recorded in pairs or small parties in
medium sized trees in open woodland and gardens at Buziranjovu (May),
Entebbe, Kampala, Kikaya (April, December), Kyetema, Kyetume (April),
Lutembe (September), Mabira, Mpumu and Sezibwa. Refs: Seth-Smith

(1913); van Someren (1922); Friedmann & Loveridge (1937); Allen & Fripp
(1964); BNL 4,20; Nest Record; Pearson; pers.obs.

Bias musicus musicus' Black and White Flycatcher 812a
V.com.-com., f.num., res., breeds, REM, but in most years they are more
noticeable between October and mid-March. One of the few species that
appears to have become more widespread and increased in numbers in recent
years. Described by Jackson (1938) as "nowhere very plentiful", but

since the 1970s there has been a gradual increase in numbers, particularly
in central Kampala where it has adapted to the gardens. Found in tall

bush and the top of medium sized trees.

956. Megabyas flammulata aequatorialis Shrike Flycatcher 811

B57.

958.

Uncom.-sc., few, prob.res., breeds. Local; occurs in forest including
Entebbe, Kaazi, Kifu (February, May, July, October), Mabira (April) and
Mpumu (April). Refs: Ogilvie-Grant (1910); Seth-Smith (1913);

van Someren (1916 & 1922); BNL 23,26,30,32,33; Hamel (1980).

Platysteira blissetti jamesoni Jameson's Wattle-eye 825
Sc., prob.res., no breeding records. Few records in the literature, and
Jackson (1938) describes it as "local" and "common" in Mabira where he
obtained 17 specimens. It occurs in the densest undergrowth, and has
probably been overlooked recently as there is only one single sight
record at Kifu on 12 June 1972. Refs: van Someren (1916); BNL 34; Hamel
(1980).

Platysteira castanea castanea Chestnut Wattle-eye 824
Com., few, prob.res., breeds. Dated records for January, April, May,
August to October. Usually in pairs, in forest throughout. Forages

in tall undergrowth, or lower branches of trees.

ao

960.

963.

JO.

968.

972.

SUS).

SS

Platysteira cyanea nyansae Wattle-eye : 822a
V.com., f.num., res., breeds, REM. Widespread, usually in pairs in open
bush and gardens, even in central Kampala. Inhabits small or medium

sized trees and bushes.

Sub-family Monarchinae

Erannornis longicauda teresita Blue Flycatcher 827a
V.com.-com., f.num., res., breeds, REM. Widespread, usually in pairs or
small parties in open bush, woodland, gardens and cultivation in medium
sized and thick foliaged trees. Keeps to the shade while foraging warbler-
like.

Terpsiphone rufiventer emini and somereni Red-bellied Paradise 835ay
Flycatcher* b
Com., £.num., res., breeds, REM. This is basically a forest species,
and the race somereni occurs in the true forests here. In the more open
areas of light bush, woodland gardens and fragmented forest the form emini
occurs. Emini individuals have much lighter rufous underparts than
somereni. Occasionally individuals are seen with underparts a mixture of
grey and rufous. These are possibly emini hybrids with T. viridis ferreti.
There is at least one recent breeding record when a single chick was
hatched, between a male with palish grey underparts and moderately elong-
ated tail feathers, and a female with very pale rufous underparts. This is
thought to be an example of continuing hybridization. Emini itself is
probably the result of hybridization between somereni and T. viridis.

Terpsiphone viridis ferreti and restricta Paradise Flycatcher* 832a,c
Com., £.num., res., breeds, REM. The commonest form here is rufous

above and rather pale grey below, with fairly elongated tail feathers in
the male. These individuals are probably ferreti, and some males with
white or partly white tails or wings are occasionally seen. The race
restricta occurs on the islands and possibly on the Lake shore. It is a
much darker race almost glossy black below shading to dark grey on the
belly. The upperparts are a rich deep rufous, and the tail long in the
male. There are commonly some white feathers in tail and wings. Both

T. viridis and fT. rufiventer inhabit similar sort of habitat, but viridis
favours a slightly more open area; however they occur alongside each other
in the same garden. See previous species (967) for an example of hybrid-
tZACVON.

Trochocercus nigromitratus Dusky Crested Flycatcher 831
Sc., few, prob.res., breeds. Records in the literature for Mabira (April),
and one sight record at Kifu on 8 January 1972. Inhabits dense primary
forest, and undergrowth. Refs: van Someren (1916 & 1932); BNL 29; Hamel
(1980); Nest Record.

Trochocercus nitens nitens Blue-headed Crested Flycatcher, 830
Recorded in the literature at Mabira. Refs: van Someren (1916 & 1922);
Hamel (1980).

Family MOTACILLIDAE Wagtails, Pipits, Longclaws

Anthus campestris campestris Tawny Pipit 702
There is a single record at Entebbe on 4 December 1966 which constitutes
the only record for Uganda. It is an inhabitant of short grass areas.
Refs: Pearson (1972a & 1972b); Mann (1976).

56

977. Anthus cervinus Red-throated Pipit 743
Uncom., few, P.WV. Recorded in small numbers from November to April in
damp grassland at the Lake shore at Entebbe, Gaba and Lutembe.

First date: 12 November; last date: 1 April. Refs. Pearson (1972b);
Ash; Sheldon; pers.obs.

978. Anthus leucophrys zenkeri Plain-backed Pipit 704b
Com., few, prob.res., breeds, REM except August. Sometimes absent from
its usual haunts. Seen in open short grass areas, with bare earth patches
and rocky outcrops, often on Lake shore promontories. It occurs alongside
the next species.

981. Anthus novaeseelandiae cinnamomeus Richard's Pipit 706b
Com., few, prob.res., breeds, REM. Inhabits grassy open areas, and is
sometimes found in longer grass than the previous species, though it also
occurs alongside it.

982. Anthus similis hallae Long-billed Pipit. 103
Sc., few, status uncertain, no breeding records. Records are for Entebbe,
Kaazi (March), Kampala and Kyetema. Its presence requires confirmation.
Refs: van Someren (1916 & 1932); Allen & Fripp (1964); BNL 19.

984. Anthus trivialis trivialis Tree Pipit 708
Uncom., few, P.WV. Early observers indicate that this used to be common,
or extremely common on migration. Recent records do not bear this out,
so it would seem that its status in this area has changed. Now recorded
occasionally in small numbers from October to April in open grassy areas
including Entebbe, Kajansi, Kampala, Kyetema, Mabira and Mpumu.

First date: 6 October; last date: 14 April. Refs: Seth-Smith (1913);
van Someren (1916); Allen & Fripp (1964); Pearson (1972b); Ash; Pearson;
pers.obs.

988. Macronyx croceus croceus Yellow-throated Longclaw 716
V. com., f.num., res., breeds, REM. Widespread in open bush and knee-
high grass. Usually in pairs and often alights on the tops of bushes.

991. Motacilla aguimp vidua African Pied Wagtail 691
V.com., f.num., res., breeds, REM. One of the really urban birds of the
area. Widespread round human habitation, from central Kampala to the
Lake shore. Often seen running on the ground on pavements and car parks,
bare earth areas and short grass near houses.

992. Motacilla alba alba White Wagtail 690a
Sc., P.WV. Recorded in the literature at Entebbe from November to January.
Three recent sight records, two for Kajansi (16 December 1969 & January
1970) and one for Namulonge (26 January 1972) all for single birds. Seen
in gardens, and short grassy areas, sometimes near water. Refs: Jackson
(1914); Anon (1950); BNL 5,29; Frankum.

993. Motacilla capensis wellsi Cape Wagtail 693
Uncom., status uncertain, no breeding records. Described in the literature
as "common" at Busi. Recent sight records for Entebbe (April), Lutembe
(April to July) and Mabamba (June). It is a shy bird inhabiting mudbanks,
swamp edge and floating vegetation, and is possibly overlooked. Refs: BNL
22; Ash; pers.obs.

994. Motacilla cinerea cinerea Grey Wagtail 694
P.mig. Recorded in the literature for near Kampala (October). Usually
near running water, and most birds winter in highland areas near forest
streams. One recent sight record for Entebbe 1 March 1983. Refs: Jackson
(1938); Ash.

57

996:

S93 Sr

1000.

LOOSF

Motacilla flava Yellow Wagtail 4

V.com., ab., P.WV. & pass.mig. Present from September to April in some
numbers. There is an autumn passage from late October to early December,
and also a spring passage from late March to early April. Occurs in short
grass near the Lake and inland, often in association with cattle, some-
times in flocks of several hundreds. Smaller numbers are seen in urban
parks and on lawns. Has been observed feeding in trees at the Lake shore
when the lake flies are swarming in the Lake-side vegetation.

First date: 18 September; last date: 29 April thunbergi.

M.f. beema Syke's Wagtail 695b
Pearson (1972b) mentions one or two possibles for the area. It usually
winters to the east of here.

M.f. feldegg Black-headed Yellow Wagtail 699
Does not arrive in the area until November, and is present in small

numbers until the third week in April. More often associated with water
than the other races. First date: 15 November; last date: third week

in April.

M.f. flava Blue-headed Yellow Wagtail 695a
With thunbergi the commonest race here. It arrives first and forms about
20% of all flocks, Pearson (1972b). Present from late September to early
April. First date: 18 September; last date: 11 April.

M.f. leucocephala White-headéed Yellow Wagtail 701
Pearson (1972b) mentions a possible individual of this race seen at
Entebbe on 4 April 1967.

M.f. lutea Eastern Yellow Wagtail 697a
There are a few records for this race, but it normally winters in drier
areas. Refs: van Someren (1922); Anon (1950); Pearson (1972b).

M.f. thunbergi Dark-headed Yellow Wagtail 698a_
With flava this is the commonest form found in the area. Pearson (1972b)
estimates that from 20-50% of flocks are of this race. Thunbergi arrives

a little later than flava, and stays longer, being present from October

to late April. Flava/thunbergi intermediates are very common and form

from 30-60% of the flocks. First date: 12 October; last date: 29 April.

M.f. cinereocapilla, M.f. dombrowski and M.f. flavissima

These forms are recorded in the literature, but there are no recent records,
and their presence is considered unlikely by Pearson. Refs: van Someren
(1922 & 1932); Pearson (1972b).

Family MALACONOTIDAE Bush Shrikes |
Dryoscopus angolensis nandensis Pink-footed Puffback 1132a |
Sc., no breeding records. Recorded in the literature for Mabira, and
with recent sight records for forest at Mukono in September.
Refs: van Someren (1922); BNL 13.

Dryoscopus gambensis malzacii Northern Puffback 113fa/
V.com.-com., few, res., breeds, REM. Widespread in gardens, scattered
bush, trees and open forest. Usually seen in pairs searching the canopy
of tall trees, but also sometimes forages in bushes. Inconspicuous birds
that keep well hidden, but their loud calls draw attention to them.

Laniarius barbarus erythrogaster Black-headed Gonolek 1119 |
V.com., £.num., res., breeds, REM. Widespread throughout in the parks
and gardens of central Kampala as well as the more rural areas. It is
usually in pairs and keeps well hidden in bushes and hedges, rather than
in trees.

58

1004.

1007.

1008.

1009.

1012.

1013.

z019.

1022.

1024.

1025.

Laniarius ferrugineus major Tropical Boubou 1125b
V.com.-com., few, res., breeds, REM. Fairly widespread, but does not
venture into the gardens of central Kampala. Confined to the well-
wooded outer suburbs, woodland and forest edge where it keeps to the

low and mid canopy of trees, rather than bushes. It appears to be more
common away from the Lake.

Laniarius leucorhynchus Sooty Boubou 1122
Uncom., few, prob.res., no breeding records. Described in the literature
as "plentiful in dense undergrowth" in Mabira. Also recorded at Kyetema,
Kyetume and Sezibwa in the past. Recently it has been recorded in thick
secondary forest and undergrowth at Bukasa (November), Kifu (March, April,
July) and Mabira (April), also at Entebbe (unconfirmed).

Refs: van Someren (1916 & 1922); BNL 15,23,31,32; Britton (ed.) (1980);
Hamel (1980); Pearson.

Laniarius luehderi luehderi Lihder's Bush Shrike 1127
Recorded in the literature for Mabira, and Kifu (unconfirmed).
Refs: Britton (ed.) (1980); Hamel (1980).

Laniarius mufumbiri Papyrus Gonolek 1120
Uncom., few, prob.res., no breeding records. Dated records are for
February, April, June and September. Confined to papyrus swamp, and
recorded at Entebbe, Gaba, Kampala, Namulonge and Sezibwa, and is

almost certainly under-recorded. Refs: van Someren (1922 & 1932);

BNL 22,25; Pearson; pers.obs.

Malaconotus blanchoti catharoxanthus Grey-headed Bush Shrike 1144b
Sc., status uncertain. Stated in the literature to be not uncommon near
Kampala, from where there is a specimen and a breeding record (September).
More often associated with acacia country, but there are two recent
records in April 1974 and 20 April 1981 when a single bird was seen and
heard in the top of a tree in a Kampala garden. There are suggestions

that it might be migratory. Refs: Stoneham (1928); Hopkins (1946);

Nest Record; pers.obs.

Malaconotus bocagei jacksoni Grey-green Bush Shrike 1141
F.com., few, prob.res., breeds, REM except January, February, June and
August. Fairly widespread in open bush, cultivation and forest edge
mostly, but not entirely, by the Lake-side.

Malaconotus sulfureopectus similis Sulphur-breasted Bush Shrike 1138
V.com.-com., £.num., prob.res., no breeding records, REM, but more

records for January to April. Occurs in open bush with trees, forest
patches and the outer gardens of Kampala. Usually singly or in pairs

at the top of tall trees.

Tchagra australis emini Brown-headed Tchagra 1134b
V.com.-com., f.num., prob.res., no breeding records, REM. More often
heard than seen as it keeps well hidden low down, or on the ground, in
thickets, undergrowth and hedges.

Tchagra minuta minuta Marsh Tchagra 1136a
F.com., few, prob.res., no breeding records, dated records are for April,
May, June, October and November. Seen occasionally in low, thick
vegetation in damp places, among elephant grass and reeds at swamp edge.

Tchagra senegala senegala Black-headed Tchagra 1133a
Uncom., few, no breeding records. Records for Entebbe (January, December),

near Kampala (May), Kyetume and Lutembe (June). Found in thick bush, but

59

HO 29%.

1030.

LOB 20

1034.

LOSS

1036.

1038.

1043.

1048.

in drier habitat than minuta. Refs: van Someren (1922); BNL 34; Ash;
Pearson.

Family LANIIDAE Shrikes

Lanius collaris smithi which intergrades with humeralis Fiscal 1104a,b
F.com., few, prob.res., no breeding records, REM. Widespread in open

bush and cultivation. Unlike excubitorius is not found in central

Kampala, but does occur in the outer suburbs. Usually seen singly or in
pairs perching on branches, bushes or telegraph wires.

Lanius collurio collurio and Kobylini Red-backed Shrike 1112
Com., few, P.pass.mig. & occasional WV. There is an autumn passage in
October and November. A few birds winter here, and there is a small
spring passage, mostly of single birds in April. First date: 14 October;
Vast; dates .-25 April:

Lanius excubitorius excubitorius Grey-backed Fiscal 1102a
V.com., num., res., breeds, REM. Widespread in small parties even in
central Kampala, also in bush and cultivation. Frequently perches on
telegraph wires.

Lanius isabellinus phoenicuroides Red-tailed Shrike 1114b
F.com., few, P.WV. Arrives in late November, and is present in small
numbers until mid-April. Like collurio it inhabits open bush and
cultivation. First date: 19 November; last date: 16 April.

Lanius mackinnoni Mackinnon's Shrike 1110
Recorded in the literature for Entebbe, Kampala, Mabira and Mpumu (June)
where it was described as "not at all common". Normally occurs in wood-
land and forest edge. Refs: Seth-Smith (1913); van Someren (1916 & 1922);
Allen & Fripp (1964); Hamel (1980).

Lanius minor Lesser Grey Shrike 1103
F.com., f£.num.-few, P.pass.mig. Nearly all records are for April, with
some in March and May. In autumn it is rare with few records for September,
October and November. The main southward passage is to the west of Uganda.
It is a noticeable bird usually seen singly, but occasionally in small
numbers in open bush, gardens and cultivation. Ref: Dowsett (1971).

Lanius senator niloticus Woodchat Shrike 1115
Sc., few, P.WV. Recorded in the literature for Mabira. There are sight
records at Kampala (3 December 1968), Namulonge (10 March 1970 and 5 April
1970) and Entebbe (almost daily in March 1983). Its normal range is to

the north of here. Refs: van Someren (1916); BNL 8; Ash; Frankum; pers.obs

Family PRIONOPIDAE Helmet Shrikes
Prionops plumata concinnata Helmet Shrike 1091b
Recorded in the literature for Kyagwe. Ref: van Someren (1922).
Family STURNIDAE Starlings, Oxpeckers
Sub-family Sturninae

Cinnyricinclus leucogaster verreauxi Violet-backed Starling 1184b |
F.com., num.-few, wan., no breeding records, REM. Most records are for
November and January to March. Usually in parties, sometimes singly or
in flocks of several hundred, feeding in tree-tops in forest and well-
wooded areas.

60

1052).

1056.

1058.

1059,

1060.

1061.

1063.

1077.

1078.

Creatophora cinerea Wattled Starling 1182
Sc., few, wan., no breeding records. Recorded at Entebbe (March, April,
September, October, December), Mabira and Namulonge (March, June) in open
bush and cultivation, usually in small numbers. Refs: BNL 7,9,10; Ash;
Pearson.

Lamprotornis chloropterus chloropterus Lesser Blue-eared Glossy

Starling i190a
Sc., few, wan., no breeding records. Recorded at Namulonge (July).
Normally occurs in acacia woodland to the north of here. Seen in small
parties in open woodland, and grassy areas with trees and bushes. Also
often on roadsides. Refs: van Someren (1922); BNL 11; Pearson.

Lamprotornis purpureiceps Purple-headed Glossy Starling 1193
F.com., few, prob.res. & wan., no breeding records. Dated records are

for February, March, July and December. A forest starling usually seen
in flocks in forest canopy, but also in open woodland and stands of tall
trees in bush and cultivation.

Lamprotornis purpureus amethystinus Purple Glossy Starling 1191
Uncom.-sc., few, wan., no breeding records. Recorded at Kikaya (April),
Namulonge and Lutembe (April, November). Normally occurs to the north

of here. Seen in flocks in bush, open woodland, cultivation and thickets.
Refs: BNL 7; Ash; pers.obs.

Lamprotornis purpuropterus Riippell's Long-tailed Glossy Starling 1196a
V.com., num., res., breeds, REM. The commonest starling, ranging widely
from central Kampala to light woodland and forest edge. There is some
evidence that it has become more common in recent decades. van Someren
(1922) and Jackson (1938) do not mention it for this area.

Lamprotornis splendidus splendidus Splendid Glossy Starling 1192
V.com.-com., num., res., breeds, REM. Increases in numbers in October
and November, and is plentiful until April when numbers decrease again.
Usually in pairs or small flocks, in tall trees, woodland and forest

edge. In the last ten years it has become commoner in central Kampala,
and is adapting to urban living provided there are tall trees present.

Onychognathus fulgidus hartlaubii Chestnut-winged Starling 1200
Sc., few, prob.res., no breeding records. A forest starling recorded at
Kifu (April), Mabira, Mpanga (unconfirmed) and Mukono (July). Usually

in small parties in the tree tops. Refs: van Someren (1932); BNL 23,32;
Britton (ed.) (1980); Hamel (1980); Pearson.

Sub-family Buphaginae

Buphagus africanus africanus Yellow-billed Oxpecker 1217
Sc., wan., no breeding records. Recorded at Kaazi (January) and Kampala
City abbatoirs (December). Usually in small flocks among local cattle,
but occasionally single birds are seen among groups of B. erythrorhynchus.
Refs: BNL 5; pers.obs.

Buphagus erythrorhynchus Red-billed Oxpecker 1218
Uncom.-sc., few, perhaps:‘res., breeds. Recorded at Entebbe (March,
September), Kaazi (January, August, September, December), Kampala
(October), Kyagwe and Kyetema. Always in association with cattle and

in small flocks. Refs: van Someren (1916); Allen & Fripp (1964);

BNL 4,5,17,25,36; Zoology Museum; Nest Record; Pearson; pers.obs.

61

1080.

1081.

1082.

1087.

1092.

1093.

1096.

1097.

1098.

i103.

Family NECTARINIIDAE Sunbirds

Anthreptes collaris gargquensis Collared Sunbird 1271id
Com., num., res., breeds, REM. Perhaps subject to local movements as in
some years, especially during February and March numbers increase erratic-
ally. Widespread in gardens, open woodland and bush, especially in
flowering trees and shrubs.

Anthreptes fraseri axillaris Grey-headed Sunbird 1280
Uncom., few, prob.res., no breeding records. A forest sunbird recorded
from undergrowth in Kifu (January, March, May, July, August), Kyetema,
Mabira, Mukono (July) and Sezibwa. May be under-recorded.

Refs: van Someren (1916 & 1922); BNL 23,29,31,33,36; Hamel (1980).

Anthreptes longuemarei ionguemarei Violet-backed Sunbird 1274a

Sc., few, wan., no breeding records. recorded in the past in bush and foresi

edge at Kyagwe, Kyetume and Mabira. There is one recent sight record for
outer Kampala (December). Refs: van Someren (1916 & 1922); BNL 16.

Anthreptes rectirostris tephrolaema Green Sunbird 1272
Sc., few, no breeding records. Another little recorded forest sunbird

of uncertain status. Found in forest canopy at Entebbe, Kifu, Mabira
(April), Mpumu and in the past in Kampala. Refs: Seth-Smith (1913);

van Someren (1916 & 1922); Williams (1967); BNL 32; Hamel (1980).

Nectarinia bifasciata microrhyncha Little Purple-banded Sunbird 1241

This species is included on the strength of two specimens in the Zoology

Museum, one from Kaazi (November 1974) and the other from Kampala (August
974). Refs: Allen & Fripp (1964); Zoology Museum.

Nectarinia bouvieri Orange-tufted Sunbird 1247
Sc., few, no breeding records. Recorded in the literature as "plentiful

in Entebbe Botanic Gardens in July, August and September". Recent records
are for open bush at Katalemwa (December to April), Kifu (March) and Mabira.
Refs: van Someren (1922); Friedmann (1966); Williams (1967); BNL 31;

Hamel (1980); Pearson.

Nectarinia chlioropygia orphogaster Olive-bellied Sunbird 1257a
Com., few, res., breeds, REM. Widespread in gardens, secondary forest,
forest edge and tall bush.

Nectarinia cuprea cuprea Copper Sunbird 1238
Com., few, res., breeds, REM. Occurs in small numbers from Kampala
gardens to the Lake shore. Often in flowering Erythrina.

Nectarinia cyanolaema octaviae Blue-throated Brown Sunbird 1268
Uncom., few, prob.res., breeds. Recorded in forest tree tops and
clearings at Entebbe (April, September), Kifu, Mabira (August), Mpumu
(September), Mukono (July) and Zika. Refs: Seth-Smith (1913);

van Someren (1916 & 1922); Williams (1967); Okia (1976); BNL 23; Hamel
(1980).
Nectarinia erythroceria Red-chested Sunbird 1232

V.com., mum., res., breeds, REM. All records are near water, and most
by the Lake. Within the last two years there have been records near
swimming pools in central Kampala gardens. The commonest sunbird of
Lake-side vegetation.

Nectarinia kilimensis kilimensis Bronze Sunbird 1230a
Com., few, res., breeds, REM. May be local migrant as most records are

for December to April. Local, frequents gardens, open bush especially
among flowering shrubs and trees.

62

-

1107.

1112.

2179.

1120.

ata.

21422.

L125.

1128.

1130.

2233.

Nectarinia mariquensis suahelica Mariqua Sunbird 1245a
Com., few, res., breeds, REM. Locally common, but its appearance is
erratic. Favours gardens with flowering shrubs, and open bush with
scattered trees.

Nectarinia olivacea ragazzii Olive Sunbird 1269i
F.com., few, res., breeds, REM except August and November. Occurs in
forests and forest patches from tree tops to undergrowth.

Nectarinia reichenowi reichenowi Golden-winged Sunbird 1235
Recorded in the literature at Entebbe, Kyagwe and Kyetema.
Refs: Sharpe (1902); van Someren (1916 & 1922).

Nectarinia rubescens rubescens Green-throated Sunbird 1262a
Uncom., few, status uncertain, perhaps res. or wan., breeds. Recorded

in forest and forest edge and areas of tall trees, including gardens at
Entebbe (August to November), Kaazi, Kampala (October), Kifu, Kisubi,
Kyagwe (June), Lutembe (April), Mabira and Mukono (March).

Refs: van Someren (1916 & 1922); Allen & Fripp (1964); Williams (1967);
BNL 20; Hamel (1980); Nest Record; Ash; Pearson; pers.obs.

Nectarinia seimundi traylori Little Green Sunbird 1277
Sc., few, no breeding records. Recorded in the literature at Entebbe
(March) and Sezibwa (December). There are recent sight records at Kifu
(January). Perhaps overlooked. Inhabits forest clearings, forest edge
and overgrown cultivation. Refs: van Someren (1949); BNL 9; Hamel (1980).

Nectarinia senegalensis lamperti Scarlet-chested Sunbird 1263d
V.com., num., res., breeds, REM. Probably the commonest sunbird; wide-
spread in a variety of habitats from central Kampala parks and gardens

to open woodland and forest edge.

Nectarinia superba buvuma Superb Sunbird 1237
F.com.-uncom., few, prob.res., breeds. Recorded at Bukasa (February,
March), Entebbe (March,April, May, July), Kaazi (February, November),
Kibanga Port (March), Kifu, Kyagwe, Lutembe (April, September, November),
Mabira (September) and Mpumu. Seen in bush, forest and forest patches.
Refs: Seth-Smith (1913); van Someren (1916, 1922 & 1932); Williams (1967);
BNL 3,6,7,19; Hamel (1980); Nest Record; Ash; Pearson; pers.obs.

Nectarinia venusta igneiventris Variable Sunbird 1251d
V.com., num., res., breeds, REM. This with N.senegalensis is the common
sunbird of Kampala gardens. Widespread in bush, woodland and secondary
growth

Nectarinia verticalis viridisplendens Green-headed Sunbird 1266
F.com., £.num., res., breeds, REM. Found in gardens and increasingly

in central Kampala, thick bush, forest edge and Lake-side vegetation.
Unobtrusive and keeps in thick cover.

Family ZOSTEROPIDAE White-eyes

Zosterops senegalensis stuhlmanni Yellow White-eye 1221a
V.com.-com., num., res., breeds, REM. Widespread from central Kampala

to the Lake shore. Often in small parties in bush, woodland and flowering
shrubs.

63

1134.

MTN SIS}

ah sie

1140.

1144.

1145.

1148.

UP ALISYS) 5

TSS

Family PLOCEIDAE Weavers etc.
Sub-family Ploceinae

Amblyospiza albifrons melanota Grosbeak Weaver 1358b
Com.-f.com., few, res. & wan., breeds, REM. Local, usually in damp Lake-
side vegetation and swamps. Also wanders to patches ef woodland and

thick bush.

Anaplectes rubriceps leuconotus Red-headed Weaver* 1359
Recorded in the literature for Entebbe. There are two sight records for
near Kampala on 7 November 1970 and 9 May 1971. It normally occurs in
drier areas, and its presence requires confirmation. Refs: Williams
(LI67)7; BNE R22

Euplectes ardens concolor and tropicus Red-collared Widowbird 1375a,b
Sc., few, status uncertain, breeds. Apparently used to be very common

in areas of long, damp grass, especially elephant grass. It seems to

have got gradually more scarce over the last few decades, with no records
for neariy ten years. Both races were present on the same ground and
occasional intergrades occurred. Recorded at Entebbe, Kajansi (October),
Kampala, Kikaya (March, June, August), Kisubi, Kyetema and Mpumu.

Refs: Jackson (1899); Seth-Smith (1913); van Someren (1916 & 1922);

BNL 1,2,12,31; pers.obs.

Euplectes axillaris phoeniceus Fan-tailed Widowbird 1370b
V.com., ab.-num., res., breeds, REM. Widespread in swampy areas of open
bush, long grass and elephant grass from Kampala to Lake-side swamp.
Perhaps subject to local movements as sometimes absent from its usual
haunts.

Euplectes gierowii ansorgei Black Bishop 1366b
F.com., f.num.-few, res. & perhaps wan., breeds, REM. Males in breeding
dress are seen mostly from January to June, but occasionally in November.
Local, almost always seen in elephant grass, but sometimes in cultivation,
even near the middle of Kampala. Is sometimes apparently absent.

Euplectes hartlaubi humeralis Marsh Widowbird 1374b
Sc., few, perhaps res., breeds. Old records indicate that it used to be
commoner in the past, and was recorded at Entebbe (May to August), Kampala,
Kyetema and Port Bell. Recent records are scanty, and for Entebbe and
Kibanga Port (26 September 1970, 11 May 1971), in long grass and swamp
edge. Refs: van Someren (1916); BNL 13,21; Nest Record; Pearson, Pitman.

Euplectes macrourus macrourus Yellow-mantled Widowbird 1371,1372am%
Sc., no breeding records. The yellow-mantled form is recorded in the |
literature for Kampala, and the yellow-shouldered form at Namulonge in
June and October 1970. Occurs in swampy grass and marshland.

Refs) Ansorge (1899); BNE) 9, lO; 15.

Malimbus rubricollis rubricollis Red-headed Malimbe 1356
F.com., few, prob.res., breeds. Dated records are for January, April,
May, July to September. Usually in small parties feeding high in the
canopy in forest trees.

Ploceus aurantius rex Orange Weaver 1334
Com., num., prob.res. & wan., breeds, REM except August. Confined to
swamps, Lake-side vegetation and papyrus. Sometimes missing from their
usual haunts.

64

2159.

1164.

1165.

i711.

P17

1174.

ei75

1176.

ei7v7.

£179.

1184.

1186.

Ploceus baglafecht stuhlmanni Stuhlmann's Weaver 1349a
V.com., £.num., res., breeds, REM. The commonest weaver in central
Kampala. Also widespread in cultivation, bush and forest patches.

Usually seen singly or in pairs, sometimes in small groups.

Ploceus castanops. Northern Brown-throated Weaver 1330
Com., £.num., res., breeds, REM. Most records are for the Lake shore,
and the off-shore islands, but occasionally also in gardens and woodland.

Ploceus cucullatus bohndorffi Black-headed Weaver 1312b
V.com., ab.-num., res., breeds, REM. Occurs throughout in cultivation,
bushed and wooded grassland and gardens. Most nesting colonies are near
human habitation.

Ploceus jacksoni Golden-backed Weaver 1326
Com., f.num., res., breeds, REM. Rather local, and associated with
elephant grass and long grass from Kampala outskirts to the Lake shore.

In pairs or small flocks, and does not form the large flocks described
elsewhere.

Ploceus melanocephalus fischeri Yellow-backed Weaver 1325a
V.com., ab.-num., res., breeds, REM. By the Lake shore this is the most
numerous weaver. Also widespread in other damp places with long grass

and elephant grass, and in open bush. Often in large flocks, but also
singly or in pairs and small numbers.

Ploceus melanogaster stephanophorus’ Black-billed Weaver 1346
Recorded in the literature for Mabira. Ref: Hamel (1980).
Ploceus nigerrimus nigerrimus Vieillot's Black Weaver 1344

Com., ab.-num., res., breeds, REM. Widespread around human habitation,
bush and cultivation from Kampala suburbs to the Lake shore, often breeds
in association with P. cucullatus.

Ploceus nigricollis nigricollis Black-necked Weaver 1336a
F.com., few, prob.res., breeds, REM, except February. Found singly or

in pairs in wooded gardens, patches of open forest and bush. Usually

keeps well hidden in the foliage of bushes and medium-sized trees.

Ploceus ocularis crocatus Spectacled Weaver 1337a
Com., few, res., breeds, ‘REM. Secretive, seen singly or in pairs in
trees and forest patches.

Ploceus pelzelni pelzelni Slender-billed Weaver 1343
V.com., num., res., breeds, REM. Nearly all records are from the Lake
shore, and it is confined to the vicinity of water. Forages both in tall
trees and low down in Lake-side vegetation, singly or in small numbers.

Ploceus superciliosus Compact Weaver 1350
F.com.-uncom., few, prob.res., breeds, REM except August. Occurs locally
mostly by the Lake shore in thickets and scattered bushes, singly or in
small numbers.

Ploceus tricolor interscapularis Yellow-mantled Weaver 1353
Uncom., few, prob.res., breeds. A forest weaver recorded at Bukasa (July),
Kifu (July), Kyetema, Kyetume (June), Lubowa (October), Mabira, Mpanga
(March) and Mpumu. Usually seen in high forest trees. Refs: Seth-Smith
(1913); van Someren (1916 & 1922); BNL 3,14,20,23; Hamel (1980); Nest
Record; Pearson.

65

1188.

aUS}) a

Opes

12

NS)

1206.

AL Aahal

1216.

Ploceus weynsi Weyns' Weaver 1345
V.com.-com., £.num.-num., perhaps loc.mig. or wan., no breeding records
(nest undescribed) , REM. Described in the literature as a forest weaver,
and with dated records at Mpumu in July and August. Recent records are
very local and predominately from the Lake shore at Entebbe, Gaba and
Kibanga Port where large noisy flocks of up to 200 birds are recorded.

The largest flocks are present in September when females and young birds
predominate. In March and April many males in fresh plumage are seen in
the flocks. The birds are apparently absent from the Lake shore between
June and early September. Birds are known to be in breeding condition in
July, and there is perhaps a movement from the Lake shore to the forest
in June, associated with breeding.

Ploceus xanthops Holub's Golden Weaver 1342
Uncom., few, prob.res., breeds, dated records are for January to May,

July and October to December. Usually in pairs or small groups in
elephant grass and overgrown cultivation, not always near water.

Recorded at Entebbe, Gaba, Kampala, Kibanga Port, Kikaya, Lutembe,

Mpumu and Namulonge. Refs: Seth-Smith (1913); BNL 19,26,27,29,31,44;
Nest Record; Pearson; pers.obs.

Quelea cardinalis cardinalis Cardinal Quelea 1362
F.com., £.num., no breeding records. Males in breeding plumage have been
recorded from December to May in flocks in tall grass both inland and by
the Lake shore.

Quelea erythrops Red-headed Quelea 1361
F.com., f.num., no breeding records. Males in breeding plumage are seen
between November and June. Occurs in much the same habitat as cardinalis
and also in small flocks.

Quelea quelea aethiopica Red-billed Quelea 1360
There are recent sight records at Entebbe for small numbers up to 10 in
September and October 1983. Ref: Ash.

Sub-family Passerinae

Passer griseus griseus Grey-headed Sparrow 1300
V.com., num., res., breeds, REM. An adaptable and widespread species
found round human habitation from central Kampala to the Lake shore;

also in a variety of bushed and wooded habitats.

Sub-family Viduinae

Hypochera chalybeata centralis Red-billed Firefinch Indigobird 1435
Uncom., few, status uncertain, no breeding records. Most dated records
are for January and March, with one in April, one in May and one in
October. Occurs in cultivation, rank vegetation and around houses at
Entebbe, Kampala, Kisubi, Mabira, Mpumu and Namulonge. Refs: van Someren
(1916 & 1922); BNL 6,7,29,31; Ash; Frankum; pers.obs.

Vidua macroura Pin-tailed Whydah 1441
Com., £.num-few, prob.res., no breeding records, REM. Widespread in
long grass, open bush, cultivation and occasionally gardens.

66

1219.

‘221.

1226.

1230.

£251.

1233.

1239.

1241.

1242.

1243.

Family ESTRILDIDAE Waxbills etc.
Sub-family Estrildinae

Amandava subflava subflava Zebra Waxbill 1421a
Sc., few, wan., status uncertain, no breeding records. Recorded in the
literature for Entebbe, Kampala and Kyetema. One recent sight record

at Namulonge (26 January 1972). Frequents long, damp grass, rank cultiv-
ation and swamp edge, usually in small parties. Refs: van Someren (1916);
BNL 29,

Clytospiza monteiri Brown Twinspot* 1389
Com., few, prob.res., no breeding records, REM except February and June.
Usually found in pairs low down in thickets and tangled vegetation in
scattered bush and forest patches from suburban Kampala to the Lake shore.

Estrilda astrild peasei Waxbill 1418c,d
Com., f.num., res., breeds, REM. Usually seen in small flocks in
cultivation, long grass and bush, often in damp areas. Sometimes in

mixed flocks with related species.

Estrilda nonnula nonnula Black-crowned Waxbill 1425
Com., f.num., res., breeds, REM. Fairly widespread in small flocks in
central Kampala parks and gardens, as well as in open bush and cultivation.
Usually keeps low in hedges, bushes and thickets.

Estrilda paludicola paludicola Fawn-breasted Waxbill 1422a
Com., f.num., prob.res. breeds REM except February, August, October and
November. Usually in small flocks, but in December and January bigger
flocks are seen. Occurs in damp and swampy grassland, open bush and
cultivation, often with FE. astrild. Most records are from near the Lake.

Estrilda rhodopyga centralis Crimson-rumped Waxbill 1420b
Sc., few, status uncertain, breeds. In 1973 and 1974 it was present in ©
rank cultivation in, outer Kampala, where it attempted to breed during
September 1973, and young birds were observed in June 1974. Since then
records at Entebbe and Kampala have been more spasmodic (February, April,
October, November). Apparently very local, but may be overlooked among
other waxbills. Refs: BNL 48; Ash; pers.obs.

Lagonosticta rubricata congica African Firefinch 1411b
Recorded occasionally both in the past and more recently at Entebbe,
Kampala, Mpumu, Mukono and Zika. Because of the possibility of confusion
with the next species its presence requires confirmation. Refs: Ogilvie-
Grant (1910); Seth-Smith (1913); Allen & Fripp (1964); Okia (1976); BNL 13.

Lagonosticta senegala ruberrima Red-billed Firefinch 1413d
V.com., f.num., res., breeds, REM. Widespread in towns, including central.
Kampala, villages and open bush. Usually in pairs in dry areas, short
grass and bare ground.

Mandingoa nitidula schlegeli Green-backed Twinspot 1407b
Uncom., few, prob.res., no breeding records. Occurs in forest under-
growth at Entebbe, Kifu (January, May, July, September, October), Mabira
(April) and Zika. May be under recorded. Refs: van Someren (1932);

Okia (1976); BNL 25,26,29,32; Hamel (1980); Zoology Museum.

Nesocharis ansorgei ansorgei White-collared Olive-back 1429
Uncom., few, prob.res. & breeds. Dated records are for February, April,
May, September, November and December at Gaba in Lake-side bush, thickets,
tangled swampy vegetation and long grass. Usually in pairs or small
numbers. Refs: Pearson; pers.obs.

67

1246.

1247.

1249.

P2505

1254.

1259.

1261.

1265):

1266.

1278.

Nigrita canicapilla schistacea Grey-headed Negrofinch 1386b
V.com., f.num., res., breeds, REM. Widespread singly or in pairs usually
in medium-sized trees in wooded gardens, open woodland, forest patches

and forest edge.

Nigrita fusconota fusconota White-breasted Negrofinch 1388
Uncom., few, prob.res., breeds. Much less common than the previous
species, and more of a forest bird. Recorded at Busi, Entebbe, Kibanga
Port (May), Kifu (January, March, July), Mabira, Mpumu (August, September)
and Sezibwa. Refs: Seth-Smith (1913); van Someren (1916 & 1922); BNL 21,
23,29,31; Pearson.

Ortygospiza atricollis atricollis Quailfinch 1403a
Recorded in the literature at Entebbe. Ref: van Someren (1922).

Ortygospiza gabonensis dorsostriata Black-chinned Quailfinch 1403d
Recorded in the literature at Entebbe and Mpumu. Ref: Jackson (1938).

Pyrenestes ostrinus ostrinus Black-bellied Seed-cracker 1393-1395
F.com., few, prob.res., breeds. Dated records are for March April and
June to October. Appears to be more common than the next species, or at
least observed more often as it occasionally comes out into the open.
Normally an inhabitant of dense bush and forest.

Spermophaga ruficapilla ruficapilla Red-headed Bluebill 1391a
Uncom., few, prob.res., breeds. A little recorded and secretive species
which occurs in dense forest undergrowth in Kifu (April), Kyetume (May),
Mabira (April), Mpumu (October) and Zika. Refs: Seth-Smith (1911 & 1913);
van Someren (1916); Okia (1976); BNL 32; Hamel (1980); Nest Record.

Uraeginthus bengalus bengalus Red-cheeked Cordon-bleu 1431b
Uncom., few, prob.res., breeds. Frequents scattered bush, cultivation

and long grass, and is sometimes associated with human habitation,
including the outskirts of Kampala (July, September, December). Also
recorded at Entebbe (April), Gaba, Kyetema, Lutembe and Namulonge (Nov-
ember). Usually in pairs or small flocks. Refs: van Someren (1916 &
1922); Allen & Fripp (1964); Zoology Museum; Frankum; Halstead; Pearson;
pers.obs.

Sub-family Amadinae

Lonchura bicolor poensis Black and White Mannikin 1380
V.com., num., res., breeds, REM. Widespread, but seems to require the
presence of forest patches, or many trees. In suitable habitat is often
in mixed flocks with L. cucullata

Lonchura cucullata cucullata Bronze Mannikin 1379a
V.com., ab., res., breeds, REM. Widespread from central Kampala to Lake-
side bush in areas of tall seeding grass.

Family FRINGILLIDAE Buntings, Canaries, Seed-eaters

Sub-family Emberizinae

Emberiza tahapisi tahapisi Cinnamon-breasted Rock Bunting 1476a
Two sight records, one of a pair at Lutembe among grass and the concrete
and rubble of destroyed buildings on 31 October 1982, and another at
Entebbe on 8 December 1983. Refs: Ash; Sheldon; pers.obs.

68

1280.

1283.

1287.

1290.

1293.

Sub-family Carduelinae

Serinus atrogularis somereni Yellow-rumped Seed-eater 1459¢
Recorded in the literature at Entebbe and Kampala. Ref: van Someren
(1922)".

Serinus citrinelloides frontalis African Citril 1464c
F.com., f.num., res., breeds, REM. Widespread in cultivation and open
bush, rather local. Usually in small flocks in seeding shrubs and flowers.

Serinus koliensis Papyrus Canary 1451b
Sc., few, no breeding records, may be under-recorded. Seen in or near
papyrus swamps and recorded at Gaba (April) and Entebbe (July, September).
Refs: Ash; Forbes-Watson; Pitman. '

Serinus mozambicus barbatus Yellow-fronted Canary 1448b
Com., £.num., res., breeds, REM. Widespread in gardens, bush and cultiv-
ation. Is common on the outskirts of Kampala, but rarely seen in central
areas. Usually in pairs, or small numbers.

Serinus sulphuratus sharpii Brimstone Canary 1450
Com., £.num., res., breeds, REM. Widespread in gardens, bush and
cultivation, also present in central Kampala. Usually in pairs.

APPENDIX A

The following species are recorded in the literature for this area, but, in the
absence of supporting detail, the records are unacceptable.

86.
148.
243.
463.
544,
580.

Gyps rueppellii Rippell's Vulture BNL 15
Falco biarmicus Lanner Falcon Allen & Fripp (1964)
Vanellus armatus Blacksmith Plover BNL 3
Apaloderma vittatum Bar-tailed Trogon Ogilvie-Grant (1910)
Lybius rolleti Black-breasted Barbet Allen & Fripp (1964)
Campethera cailliautii Little Spotted Woodpecker Hamel (1980)
Campethera tullbergi Fine-banded Woodpecker BNL 27; Hamel (1980)
Picoides obsoletus Brown-backed Woodpecker Allen & Fripp (1964)
Thripias namaquus Bearded Woodpecker BNL 3
Corvus capensis Cape Rook Stoneham (1928)
Phyllastrephus fulviventris Pale Olive Greenbul Hamel (1980)
Monticola rufocinerea Little Rock Thrush BNL 28
Pogonocichla stellata White-starred Forest Robin Sharpe (1902)
Chloropeta gracilirostris Papyrus Yellow Warbler Jackson (1938).
This species could possibly occur here.
Cisticola aberrans Rock-loving Cisticola Jackson (1901) This is
probably C. woosnami.
Eremomela pusilla Green-backed Eremomela BNL 15
Phylloscopus umbrovirens Brown Woodland Warbler BNL 33
Bradornis microrhynchus Grey Flycatcher Allen & Fripp (1964)
Trochocercus albiventris White-bellied Crested Flycatcher
Nest record, probably fT. nigromitratus.
Macronyx ameliae Rosy-breasted Longclaw Allen & Fripp (1964)
Dryoscopus cubla Black-backed Puffback BNL 35,41
Nectarinia pulchella Beautiful Sunbird Allen & Fripp (1964)
Euplectes hordeaceus Black-winged Red Bishop Williams (1967)

69

1169. Ploceus insignis Brown-capped Weaver Williams (1967); Hamel (1980)
1172. Ploceus luteolus Little Weaver van Someren (1922)

1267. Lonchura fringilloides Magpie Mannikin Allen & Fripp (1964)

1273. Emberiza flaviventris Golden-breasted Bunting Seth-Smith (1913)

APPENDIX B

Additions and corrections up to June 1984

39. Gorsachius leuconotus White-backed Night Heron
At Entebbe it was described as "Seen not infrequently". Three adults
and a juvenile were recorded on 31 July 1950. There have been no
records since then. Refs: Anon (1950); Eggling (1951a).

45. Ciconia ciconia White Stork
A bird ringed in Poland on 9 June 1937 was recovered in Kyadondo (00°28'N
32°30'E) on 17 January 1945. Ref: Eggling (1951ib).

115. Aquila pomarina Lesser Spotted Eagle
There is a further sight record of 2 or 3 birds at Entebbe on 9 October
1983. Ref: Ash.

131. Melierax gabar Gabar Goshawk
There is now a record for April. Ref: pers.ob.

241. Pluvialis squatarola Grey Plover
There is a further sight record of a single bird at Entebbe on 24 July
1983. Ref: Ash.

248. Vanellus senegallus Wattled Plover
There is now a record for February. Ref: Ash.

278. Limosa limosa Black-tailed Godwit
There is a further sight record at Entebbe on 5 January 1984.
Ref: Ash.

412. Bubo africanus Spotted Eagle Owl
In 1983 and 1984 this bird was seen fairly regularly near the main
Post Office in central Kampala. Refs: Volrath; pers.obs.

427. Caprimulgus clarus Slender-tailed Nightjar
There are further sight records at Entebbe (July) and Lutembe (June and
September). Ref: Ash.

534. Lybius bidentatus Double-toothed Barbet
See No.566.

535. Lybius diadematus Red-fronted Barbet
Also recorded in the literature at Kyetume. Ref: van Someren (1922).
566. Indicator minor Lesser Honeyguide
There is now a sight record at Entebbe for July (Ash). There is also
an almost certain breeding record at Kaazi on 24 February 1964.
Ref: Colebrook-Robjent, J.F.R. 1984. A nest of the Double-toothed
Barbet Lybius bidentatus parasitised by a honeyguide in Uganda.
Bulletin of the British Ornithologists Club 104: 123.

70

601.

623.

634.

643.

967.

968.

£135.

1221.

Calandrella cinerea Red-capped Lark
There are further sight records at Entebbe on 3 March 1983, 27 December
1983 and 6 January 1984. Ref: Ash.

Delichon urbica House Martin
There is a sight record of a hybrid Delichon urbica/Hirundo rustica at
Entebbe. Ref: Ash.

Hirundo rustica Eurasian Swallow

See No. 623. A bird ringed at Gaba on 30 October 1977 was recovered in
Turkey (41°17'N 41°0O7'E) in 1979. Ref: Backhurst, G.C. 1981.

East African Bird Ringing Report 1977-1981. Journal of the East Africa
Natural History Society and National Museum. 174: 1-19.

Riparia riparia Sand Martin

A bird ringed at Entebbe on 16 April 1967 was recovered in the USSR
(52°26'N 53°11'E) on 20 June 1969. Ref: Backhurst, G.C. 1970.
Bird Ringing Report 1968-1969. Journal of ‘the East Africa Natural
History Society. 28(119): 16-26.

Terpsiphone rufiventer Red-bellied Paradise Flycatcher
Ref: Carswell, M.J. 1984. Example of apparent hybridisation between
Terpsiphone rufiventer and Terpsiphone viridis. Scopus 8: 98-99.

Terpisophone viridis Paradise Flycatcher
See No. 967.

Anaplectes rubriceps Red-headed Weaver

There are sight records at Kampala in December 1982, April - June 1983,
December 1983, January 1984 and May - June 1984. These records confirm
its presence in this area. Refs: Pomeroy; pers.obs.

Clytospiza monteiri Brown Twinspot
There is now a record for June. Ref: pers.obs.

Species new to the area

151.

260.

347.

695.

Falco concolor Sooty Falcon
There is a sight record of a single bird at Entebbe on 14 April 1983.
Ref: Ash.

Tringa totanus Redshank
There is a sight record of a single bird at Kakindu on 12 March 1983.
Ref: Sheldon.

Streptopelia decipiens Mourning Dove
There is a sight record of a single bird in Kampala from 14 to 27 May
1984, and three birds present on 3 June 1984. Ref: pers.obs.

Coracina pectoralis White-breasted Cuckoo Shrike
There is a sight record at Lutembe on 25 April 1983. Ref: Ash.

71

GAZETTEER
Ba'hai = Kikaya
Buddu
Bukasa
Busi Island = Bussi
Buziranjovu Island
Chagwe = Kyagwe
Damba Island

Dewe

Entebbe - implies Entebbe peninsula not
just the township

Gaba

Gayaza

Kaazi
Kabanyolo
Kajansi
Kakindu Swamp
Kampala
Kanyamusanga Swamp
Kasaala Forest
Kasanje
Katalemwa
Kibanga Port
Kifu Forest
Kikaya

Kisi

Kisubi

Kiteezi

Kituza

Kyagwe

Kyetema
on Murchison Bay, but can
no longer be traced
Kyetume

Kyoga, Lake

Luala, Luwala, Luwele Lwala = Mabira Forest

Lubowa
Lutembe

72

Approximately -

OO S22 ENi-
OO2250S7
00°18'N,
00°02'N,
00°17'N,
OOL22EN,
00°00'S,
00°10'N,
00°04'N,

00°15'N,
00°27'N,
00°13'N,
00°28'N,
00°13'N,
00°09'N,
00°19'N,
00°03'N,
00°16'N,
00°09'N,
00°23'N,
00°12'N,
00°25'N,
00°22'N,
00°04'N,
00°06'N,
00°25'N,
00°16'N,
00°22'N,
00°13'N,

00°19'N,
01°30'N,
00°29'N,
00°15'N,
00°10'N,

S2ig55) 5
31°40'E
32°40'E
32°22-5
32°44'E
SZ, DOE
BZ 2450
32°34'E
32°28'E

3223905
8223 75
3223) 70E
BVA S TD
32-32"°5
32°34'E
32°30'E
32°26'E
32°48'E
32°24'E
5) SND
327525
32°44'E
822355
B2032 UE
32°34'E
32°334E
32°47'E
BASIS)
32° 43'E

32°46'E
33°00'E
32°59"
32°34'E
32°35 uE

Mabamba Swamp

Mabira Forest - includes adjacent
non-forest areas.

Masaka

-Mayinja Island

Gazetteer of Uganda 1971.

Mpanga Forest

Mpigi = Mpanga Forest
Mpumu

Mubango = Mabira Forest
Mukono

Murchison Bay

Muzima Point (islets)
Nakawa

Nakibega

Namanve Forest

Namware, Namwave = Namanve Forest
Namiro Swamp

Namulonge

Nazigo = Mukono
Nkokonjeru

Port Bell

Sezibwa River

Waiya Bay

Zika Forest

. REFERENCES

GROUP A - Works cited :

Allen, P.M.

& Fripp, P.J. 1964.

Uganda Journal 28: 55-60.

Anon. 1937
Entebbe:

Anon. 1950
Entebbe:

Anon. 1971
London:

Department of Lands and Surveys

00°04'N,
00°29'N,

00°20'S,
00°09'N,
90°13".N;
00°13'N,
00°14'N,
0) Oba AS Us
00:°22'"N;,
00°16'N,
00°O2'N,
00°20'N,
00°14'N,
OOP 2iVN,
00°21'N,
00°04'N,
00°32'N,
00°22'N,
00°14'N,
00°17'N,
00° 21'N,
00°O5'N,
00°08'N,

The birds of Makerere Hill.

32°20°E
32°59"

31°44'E
32°36'E
32°18'E
32°18'E
32°49'E
32°59"
32°45'E
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32°29"
32°3 PE
32°41'E
32°42'E
32°42'E
32°27'E
32°37'E
32°45'E
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32°52'E
32°26'E
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: Entebbe.

. Uganda Game and Fisheries Department, Annual Report.

Government Printer.

Government Printer.

Longmans, Green & Co.

rE

Uganda National Parks Handbook.

5th edition.

Uganda Game and Fisheries Department, Annual Report.

Ansorge, W.J. 1899. Under the African sun. Appendix by E. Hartert.
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Burke, V.E.M. 1969. The African Pitta. Journal of the East Africa Natural
History Society and National Museum 27: 233-234.

Carswell, M.J. 1971. The Black-tailed Godwit Limosa limosa in Uganda.
SCOPUSH Wy tes 492

Dowsett, R.J. 1971. The Lesser Grey Shrike Lanius minor in Africa.
Ostrich 42: 259-270.

Eggling, W.G. 195la. Ringing Palaearctic waders, and other birds on
hakeywictorial abs \.92):) 31 2—313

1951b. Ringed Birds recovered in Uganda. Uganda Journal
LS 1) a=) 50

Frankum, R. 1972a. Letter to the Editor. FANHS Bulletin 1972: 81-82.
1972b. Letter to the Editor. FEANHS Bulletin 1972: 112.
1972c. Letter to the Editor. FEANHS Bulletin 1972: 206-207.

Friedmann, H. 1966. A contribution to the ornithology of Uganda.
Bulletin of the Los Angeles County Museum of Natural History Science 3: 1-55.

& Loveridge, A. 1937. Notes on the ornithology of tropical
East Africa. Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard
81: 1-413.
& Williams, J.G. 1969. The birds of Sango Bay forests, Buddu
County, Masaka District, Uganda. Contributions in Science, Los Angeles
162: 1-48.
Goodman, J. & Pomeroy, D.E. 1984. White-faced Scops Owl Otus leucotis
breeding at Makerere, Uganda. Scopus 8: 27
Hale-Carpenter, G.D. 1920. A naturalist on Lake Victoria.
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Hamel, P. 1980. The avifauna of the Kifu and Mabira Forests, Uganda.
Proceedings of the Fourth Pan-African Ornithological Congress: 135-145.

South African Ornithological Society.
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Hopkins, G.H.E. 1946. Some recent Uganda bird records. Journal of the
East Africa Natural History Society 19: 103-106.

Jackson, F.J. List of birds obtained in British East Africa, with notes by |
R.B. Sharpe. 1899. Pt.1 Ibis 7(5): 587-640; 1901..— Pt.2 Fbis 8(1): ee

1902. Pt.3 Ibis 8(2): 611-643.
Jackson, F.d. 1906. Notes on a collection of birds by G. Archer in
the Ruwenzori. Ibis 8(6): 505-570.

1913. Bird migrants observed in Uganda.
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1914. Bird migrants. Journal of the East Africa and Uganda
Natural History Society 8: 147.

Journal of the East

Mann, C.F. 1971. Distributional notes on some Uganda birds.
Bulletin of the British Ornithologists ' Club 912) Vitt=ii3r

74

Mann, C.F. 1973. Some recent raptor records from East Africa.
EANHS Bulletin 1973: 96-98.

1976. Some recent changes in our knowledge of bird distribution
in East Africa. Journal of the East Africa Natural History Society and
National Museum 157: 1-24.

Meinertzhagen, R. 1922. Notes on some birds from the Near East, and from
tropical East Africa. Ibis 11(4): 1-74.

1939. Occurrence of the Corsican Wryneck in Uganda.
This °T4(3):° S567.

Nest Record. East Africa Nest Record Scheme: East Africa Natural History
Society, Nairobi.

Ogilvie-Grant, W.R. 1910. Ruwenzori Expedition reports 16, Aves.
Transactions of the Zoological Society, London 19: 235-480.

Okia, N. 1976. Birds of the understorey of the Lake shore forests on the
Entebbe peninsula, Uganda. Ibis 118: 1-13.

Pearson, D.J. 1971. The occurrence of the Great Black-headed Gull Larus
ichthyaetus in Uganda. Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club.
Ole! 171-172.

1972a. Some migrant bird records from the Kampala area, Ugandé
EANHS Bulletin 1972: 27-29.

1972b. Wintering and migration of the Palaearctic passerines
in Kampala. Ibis 114: 43-60.

Pomeroy, D.E. 1975. Birds as scavengers of refuse in Uganda. Ibis 117: 69-

Seth-Smith, L.M. 1911. Birds in Uganda.forests. Journal of the East Africa
and Uganda Natural History Society 3: 4-8.

1913. Notes on birds round Mpumu, Uganda. Ibis 10(4):
485-508.

Sharpe, R.B. 1902. On the collection of birds made by Sir Harry Johnston in

equatorial Africa. Ibis 8(2): 96-121.
a
Stoneham, H.F. Field notes on a collection of birds from Uganda.
Bees Pt.’ This 12(2): 26-91; 1928. Pt.2 Ibis 12(4): 252-285;

~ 1929. Pt.3 Ibis 12(5): 267-292; 1931 Pt.4 Ibis 13(1): 701-712.
‘Uganda Museum, Kampala. A collection of specimens.

van Someren, R.A.L. & van Someren, V.G.L. 1911. Studies of bird life in
Uganda. London: John Bale & Sons & Danielsson.

van Someren, V.G.L. 1914. Breeding of game birds. Journal of the
East Africa and Uganda Natural History Society 8: 152.

1916. A list of birds collected in Uganda and British
East Africa, with notes on nesting and other habits. Ibis 10(4):
193-252; 373-472.

1918. A further contribution to the ornithology of
Uganda (West Elgon and district). Novitates Zoologicae 25: 263-290.

1921. Descriptions of African birds. Bulletin of
the British Ornithologists’ Club 41: 102-106.

1922. Notes on the birds of East Africa. Novitates
Zoologicae 29: 1-246.

75

van Someren, V.G.L. 1932. Birds of Kenya and Uganda, addenda and corrigenda
to my previous paper of 1922. Novitates Zoologicae 37: 252-380.

1936. Birds of Kenya and Uganda vol.2 pt.5. Journal
of the East Africa and Uganda Natural History Society) l3en ume

& van Someren, G.R.C. 1949. The birds of Bwamba.
Special Supplement to the Uganda Journal 13.

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London: Collins.
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GROUP B - works consulted, but not cited

Britton, P.L. (ed.) 1980. Birds of East Africa. Nairobi: EANHS.

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Nairobi: EANHS.

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of the American Museum of Natural History 65, 75, 75A, 75B.

Department of Lands and Surveys. 1971. Gazetteer of Uganda. Entebbe:
Uganda Government.

Downer, E.R. (ed.) 1967. Atlas of Uganda 2nd edition. Entebbe: Department
of Lands and Surveys.

Hall, B.P. & Moreau, R.E. 1970. An atlas of speciation in African passerine
birds. London: British Museum (Natural History).

Jackson, F.J. 1938. The birds of Kenya Colony and the Uganda Protectorate
3 vols. London: Gurney & Jackson.

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Uganda. Entebbe: Government Printer.

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2nd. edition. London: Longmans, Green & Co.

Snow, D.W. (ed.) 1978. An atlas of speciation in African non-passerine birds.
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3 (24B): 399-430.

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swallows, wagtails and pipits. Lusaka: Government Printer.

1962a. A checklist of the Ethiopian Muscicapidae (Sylviinae) .
Parts 2 and 3. Occasional papers of the National Museums of Southern
Rhodesia 3 (26B): 653-738.

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babblers. Lusaka: Government Printer.

1963. A revised checklist of African flycatchers, tits, tree
creepers, sunbirds, white-eyes, honey eaters, buntings, finches, weavers
and waxbills. Lusaka: Government Printer.

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Lusaka: Government Printer.

76

INDEX OF SCIENTIFIC NAMES

Numbers refer to species, not pages

abdimii, Ciconia 44
aberrans, Cisticola 846 p.69
abyssinica, Coracius 495
abyssinica, Hirundo 624
abyssinica, Bucorvus 527
Accipiter 102

Acrocephalus 805

Actites 252

Actophilornis 225

acuta, Anas 62

adansoni, Coturnix chinensis 164
adsimilis, Dicrurus 644
adusta, Muscicapa 936
aegyptiacus, Alopochen 61
aereus, Ceuthmochares 401
aeruginosus, Circus 92
aethiopica, Hirundo 625
aethiopica, Threskiornis 54.
afer, Francolinus 167

afer, Turtur 355

affinis, Apus 443

africana, Mirafra 612
africanus, Actiphilornis 225
africanus, Bubo 412
africanus, Buphagus 1077
africanus, Gyps 85
africanus, Hieraaetus 126
africanus, Phalacrocorax 17
Agapornis 363

aguimp, Motacilla 991

alba, Caladris 267

alba, Egretta 34

alba, Motacilla 992

alba, Platalea

alba, Tyto 407

albiceps, Psalidoprocne 639
albicollis, Corvus 653
albicollis, Ficedula 930
albicollis, Merops 479
albifrons, Amblyospiza 1134 —
albigularis, Phyllastrephus 718
albipectus, Trichastoma 674
albiventris, Trochocercus 969
alboterminatus, Tockus 515
albus, Corvus 654

Alcedo 466

alcinus, Macheiramphus 143
Alethe 734

alexandrinus, Charadrius 229
alleni, Porphyrio 202

Alopochen 61

Amandava 1219

Amblyospiza 1134

ameliae, Macronyx 986 p.69
amurensis, Falco 146
Anaplectes 1135

Anas 62

Anastomus 43

Andropadus 697

angolensis, Dryoscopus 998
angolensis, Gypohierax 84
angolensis, Hirundo 627
angolensis, Pitta 598
angulata, Gallinula 198
Anhinga 19

ansorgei, Nesocharis 1243
Anthreptes 1080

Anthus 976

Apalis 817

Apaloderma 462

apiaster, Merops 480
Aplopelia 337

Apus 443

apus, Apus 444

apivorus, Pernis 140
aquatica, Muscicapa 937
Aquila 115

Ardea 25

ardens, Euplectes 1139
Ardeola 30

ardesiacus, Falco 147
Arenaria 281

argentatus, Larus 305
armatus, Vanellus 243 p.69
arquata, Numenius 253
Artomyias 926
arundinaceus, Acrocephalus 805
asiaticus, Charadrius 230
Asio 409

astrild, Estrilda 1226
atricapilla, Sylvia 917
atricollis, Ortygospiza 1249
atrocaerulea, Hirundo 628
atrogularis, Serinus 1280
augur, Buteo 120

auratus, Oriolus 646
aurantius, Ploceus 1158
auritus, Nettapus 77
australis, Tchagra 1022
australis, Treron 358

77

Aviceda 139
axillaris, Euplectes 1140
ayresii, Cisticola 848

badius, Accipiter 102
baeticatus, Acrocephalus 806
Balaeniceps 41

Balearica 194

barbarus, Laniarius 1003
barbatus, Pycnonotus 732
Bathmocercus 829

Batis 949

Baeopogon 706

baumanni, Phyllastrephus 719
beema, Motacilla flava 996
bellicosus, Polemaetus 134
bengalensis, Sterna 323
bengalus, Uraeginthus 1261
benghalensis, Rostratula 227
Bias 955

biarmicus, Falco 148 p.69
bicolor, Dendrocygna 59
bicolor, Lonchura 1265
bidentatus, Lybius 534
bifasciata, Nectarinia 1092
bilineatus, Pogoniulus 548
blanchoti, Malaconotus 1012
Bleda 707

blissetti, Malaconotus 1013
bollei, Phoeniculus 503
bonapartei, Gymnobucco 533
borin, Sylvia 918
Bostrychia 51

bouvieri, Nectarinia 1093
brachyptera, Cisticola 850
brachyura, Camaroptera 837
brachyura, Sylvietta 921
BEadornts 927 p OF
Bradypterus 834

Bubo 412

Bubulcus 32

Buccanodon 529

Bucorvus 527

Burhinus 287

Butorides 33

Buteo 120

buteo, Buteo 122

Burhinus 287

Bycanistes 513

caerulescens, Muscicapa 938
caerulescens, Rallus 208
caeruleus, Elanus 142

cafer, Bucorvus 528
caffer, Apus 447

cailliautii, Campethera 580 p.69

Calandrella 601

calurus, Criniger 714
Camaroptera 838

Campephaga 688

campestris, Anthus 976
Campethera 581

canorus, Cuculus 395
capensis, Asio 409
capensis, Burhinus 287
capensis, Corvus 655 p.69
capensis, Microparra 226
capensis, Motacilla 993
capensis, Oena 345
capicola, Streptopelia 346
Caprimulgus 427

caprius, Chrysococcyx 388
carbo, Phalacrocorax 18
cardinalis, Quelea 1191
caroli, Campethera 581
caroli, Remiz 668
carpalis, Bradypterus 834
carruthersi, Cisticola 853
caspia, Sterna 325
castanea, Platysteira 958
castaneiceps, Phoeniculus 504
castanops, Ploceus 1164
caudata, Coracias 496
Centropus 403

Cercococcyx 385
Cercotrichas 743

cervinus, Anthus 977
Ceryle 464

cerviniventris, Bathmocercus 829

Ceuthmochares 401
chalcopterus, Rhinoptilus 295
chalybeata, Hypochera 1211
Charadrius 229

chelicuti, Halcyon 472
chicquera, Falco 150
chinensis, Coturnix 164
Chlidonias 318

chloris, Nicator 716
Chlorocichla 709
chloronota, Camaroptera 838

chloropterus, Lamprotornis 1056

chloropus, Gallinula 199
chloropygia, Nectarinia 1094
Chrysococcyx 388
chrysoconus, Pogoniulus 549
Ciccaba 416

78

Ciconia 45

ciconia, Ciconia 45
cincta, Riparia 641
cinerascens, Circaetus 97
cinerea, Apalis 817
cinerea, Calandrella 601
cinerea, Creatophora 1052
cinerea, Motacilla 994

cinereocapilla, Motacilla flava 996

cinereus, Circaetus 98
cinereus, Xenus 261
Cinnyricinclus 1048
Circaetus 97

cirrocephalus, Larus 306
Cisticola 848
citrinelloides, Serinus 1283
Clamator 392

clamosus, Cuculus 396
clarus, Caprimulgus 427
climacurus, Caprimulgus 428
Clytospiza 1221

Colius 459

Columba 342

collaris, Anthreptes 1080
collaris, Lanius 1029
collurio, Lanius 1030
collybita, Phylloscopus 904
comitata, Muscicapa 940
communis, Sylvia 919
concolor, Falco 151 p.71
concolor, Macrosphenus 895
conirostris, Indicator 561
Coracias 496

Coracina 695

coronatus, Stephanoaetus 135
Corvus 653

Corythaeola 372

Cossypha 750

Coturnix 164

coturnix, Coturnix 165
crassirostris, Vanellus 245
Creatophora 1052

Crex 196

crex, Crex 196

Crinifer 376

Criniger 714

cristata, Corythaeola 372
croceus, Macronyx 988

crumeniferus, Leptoptilos 49

cubla, Dryoscopus 999 p.69
cuculoides, Aviceda 139
Cuculus 395

cucullata, Lonchura 1266
cuprea, Nectarinia 1096
cupreus, Chrysococcyx 389
Cursorius 292

cuvieri, Falco 152

cyanea, Platysteira 960
cyanocampter, Cossypha 750
cyanolaema, Nectarinia 1097
Cypsiurus 452

decipiens, Streptopelia 347
delegorguei, Coturnix 166
Delichon 623

Dendrocygna 59

diademata, Alethe 734
diadematus, Lybius 535
Dicrurus 644
Dryocichloides 761
Dryoscopus 998

dubius, Charadrius 231
dubius, Hieraaetus 126
Guchaillui, Buccanodon 529

ecaudatus, Terathopius 101
edolioides, Melaenornis 934
edouardi, Guttera 188
egregia, Crex 197

Egretta 34

Elanus 142

elegans, Sarathura 211
Emberiza 1278

Eminia 875

Ephippiorhynchus 48
episcopus, Ciconia 46

epops, Upupa 502

Erannornis 963

erithacus, Psittacus 371
erythroceria, Nectarinia 1098
erythrops, Cisticola 857
erythrops, Quelea 1192
erythropus, Tringa 255
erythrorhynchus, Buphagus 107
erythrothorax, Stiphrornis 78
Estrilda 1226

Euplectes 1140

Eupodotis 218

europaeus, Caprimulgus 430
Eurystomus 500

excubitorius, Lanius 1032
exilis, Indicator 562

eximia, Bleda 707

Falco 146

falcinellus, Plegadis 53
fasciatus, Tockus 519
feldegg, Motacilla flava 996
ferruginea, Calidris 270
ferrugineus, Laniarius 1004
Ficedula 930

flammulata, Megabyas 956

79

p.7t

8
9

flava, Campephaga 688

flava, Motacilla 996
flavicans, Macrosphenus 896
flavicollis, Chlorocichla 709
flavida, Apalis 818
flavigaster, Hyliota 891
flavirostra, Limnocorax 201
flavirostris, Rynchops 331
flaviventris, Emberiza 1273 p.70
fossii, Caprimulgus 431
Francolinus 167

fraseri, Anthreptes 1081
fraseri, Stizorhina 790

fringilloides, Lonchura 1267 p.70

fulgidus, Onychognathus 1063
fuliginosa, Artomyias 926
fulvescens, Trichastoma 675

fulviventris, Phyllastrephus p.69

funereus, Parus 664
fuscescens, Dendropicos 585
fusconota, Nigrita 1247
fuscus, Larus 307

gabar, Melierax 131
gabonensis, Ortygospiza 1250
galactotes, Cercotrichas 860
gallicus, Circaetus 100
Gallinago 262

gallinago, Gallinago 262
Gallinula 199

gambensis, Dryoscopus 1000
gambensis, Plectopterus 79
garrulus, Coracias 497
garzetta, Egreta 36
Gelochelidon 320

gierowii, Euplectes 1144
glandarius, Clamator 392
Glareola 298

glareola, Tringa 256
glaucurus, Eurystomus 500
goertae, Mesopicos 590
goliath, Ardea 26

Gorsachius 49
gracilirostris, Acrocephalus 807
gracilirostris, Andropadus 698
gracilirostris, Chloropeta 842
gracilis, Andropadus 699
grillii, Centropus 403
griseigularis, Muscicapa 942
griseldis, Acrocephalus 808
griseus, Passer 1206
griseopygia, Hirundo 633
gularis, Eurystomus 501
guttatus, Ixonotus 715
Guttera 188

Gymnobucco 533

Gyps 86 p.69

Haematopus 228

Halcyon 472

haliaetus, Pandion 144
Haliaeetus 137

hartlaubi, Cercotrichas 743
hartlaubi, Euplectes 1145
heuglini, Cossypha 951
hiaticula, Charadrius 233
Hieraaetus 125

Himantopus 282

himantopus, Himantopus 282
Hippolais 885

hirsutus, Lybius 538
Hirundo 624

hirundo, Sterna 328
hordeaceus, Euplectes 1146 p.69
hottentota, Anas 67
hottentota, Turnix 192
Hylia 889

Hypochera 1211
hypoleucos, Actitis 252

ibis, Bubulcus 32

ibis, Mycteria 50
ichthyaetus, Larus 310
icterina, Hippolais 885
icterorhynchus, Francolinus 172
indicator, S61

indicator, Baeopogon 706
indicator, Indicator 563
inornatus, Caprimulgus 433
insignis, Ploceus 1169 p.70
insignis, Prodotiscus 572
intermedia, Egretta 38
interpres, Arenaria 281
isabellina, Oenanthe 775
isabellinus, Lanius 1034
Ispidina 477

Ixobrychus 23

Ixonotus 715

jacksoni, Apalis 819
jacksoni, Ploceus 1171
jacobinus, Clamator 393
jardineii, Turdoides 681
juncidis, Cisticola 862
Jynx 576

Kaupifalco 129

kilimensis, Nectarinia 1103
klaas, Chrysococcyx 391
koliensis, Serinus 1287
krameri, Psittacula 370

80

lacrymosus, Lybius 539
lacteus, Bubo 414

laetissima, Chlorocichla 711
lamelligerus, Anastomus 43
Lamprotornis 1056

Laniarius 1007

Lanius 1029
lapponica, Limosa 277

Larus 305

larvata, Aplopelia 337
larvatus, Oriolus 649
lateralis, Cisticola 864
latirostris, Andropadus 701
lecontei, Ispidina 477
lepida, Eminia 875
Leptoptilos 49

leschenaultii, Charadrius 234
leucocephala, Halcyon 473
leucocephala, Lybius 540
leucocephala, Motacilla flava 996
leucogaster, Alcedo 467
leucogaster, Cinnyricinclus 1048
leucomelas, Parus 666
leuconotus, Gorsachius 39
leuconotus, Thalassornis 82
leucophrys, Cercotrichas 744
leucophrys, Anthus 978
leucopogon, Prinia 911
leucopterus, Chlidonias 318
leucorhynchus, Laniarius 1007
leucorodia, Platalea 56
leucotis, Otus 422

leuhderi, Laniarius 1008
levaillantii, Clamator 394
levaillantii, Francolinus 176
Limnocorax 201

Limosa 277

limosa, Limosa 278

livia, Columba 342

Lonchura 1267

longicauda, Erannornis 963
longipennis, Macrodipteryx 440
longuemarei, Anthreptes 1082
Lophaetus 130

lugubris, Vanellus 246
Luscinia 764

lutea, Motacilla 996
luteolus, Ploceus 1172 p.70
Lybius 534

Macheiramphus 143
mackinnoni, Lanius 1035
macroura, Vidua 1216
macrourus, Circus 93
macrourus, Euplectes 1148
Macrodipteryx 440

Macronyx 988

Macrosphenus 895
Malaconotus 1013

malimbica, Halcyon 474
Malimbus 1155

Mandingoa 1242

marginalis, Porzana 204
marginatus, Charadrius 235
mariquensis, Nectarinia 1107
maxima, Ceryle 464

mechowi, Cercococcyx 385
media, Gallinago 263
Megabyas 956

megarhynchos, Luscinia 764
Melaenornis 934
melanocephala, Ardea 27
melanocephalus, Ploceus 1173
melanogaster, Eupodotis 218
melanogaster, Ploceus 1173
melanoleucus, Accipiter 106
melanops, Turdoides 683
melanotos, Sarkidiornis 86
melba, Apus 449

meleagris, Numida i190
Melierax 131

mentalis, Sphenoeacus 915
Merops 479

Mesopicos 590

meyeri, Poicephalus 367
Microparra 226
microrhynchos, Bradornis 927
migrans, Milvus 138

Milvus 138

minor, Batis 949

_minor, Indicator 566

minor, Lanius 1036
minullus, Accipiter 107
minuta, Calidris 272
minuta, Tchagra 1024
minutus, Ixobrychus 23
Mirafra 612

monachus, Centropus 404
monachus, Neophron 87

monogrammicus, Kaupifalco 129

monteiri, Clytospiza 1221
Monticola 769

Motacilla 992

mozambicus, Serinus
mufumbiri, Laniarius 1009
Muscicapa 936

musicus, Bias 955
Musophaga 377

Mycteria 50

Myioparus 946
Myrmecocichla 771

81

p.69

naevia, Coracias 498
nahani, Francolinus 178
namaqua, Thripias 594 p.69
narina, Apaloderma 462
nasutus, Tockus 524
natalensis, Caprimulgus 434
natalensis, Chloropeta 843
natalensis, Cisticola 866
natalensis, Cossypha 752
naumanni, Falco 156
nebularia, Tringa 257
Nectarinia 1092

Neophron 87

Nesocharis 1243

Nettapus 77

nigerrimus, Ploceus 1175
Nicator 716

nigra, Ciconia 47

nigra, Myrmecocichla 771
nigriceps, Apalis 823
nigricollis, Ploceus 1176
nigripennis, Gallinago 264
Nigrita 1246

nigromitratus, Trochocercus 972
nilotica, Gelochelidon 320
nisoria, Sylvia 920

nitens, Trochocercus 973
nitidula, Mandingoa 1242
nonnula, Estrilda 1230
novaeseelandiae, Anthus 981
nubica, Campethera 583
nuchalis, Glareola 298
Numenius 253

Numida 190

Nycticorax 40

nycticorax, Nycticorax 40

obsoletus, Picoides 593 p.70
ocularis, Ploceus 1177
occipitalis, Lophaetus 130
occipitalis, Trigonoceps 90
Oena 345

Oenanthe 777

oenanthe, Oenanthe 777
ochropus, Tringa 258
olivacea, Nectarinia 1112
onocrotalus, Pelecanus 11
Onychognathus 1063

Oriolus 646

oriolus, Oriolus 651
Ortygospiza 1249
ostralegus, Haematopus 228
ostrinus, Pyrenestes 1254
ovampensis, Accipiter 109

pallida, Hippolais 888

pallidus, Bradornis 928
paludicola, Estrilda 1231
paludicola, Riparia 642
palustris, Acrocephalus 809
Pandion 144 ;
parasitus, Milvus migrans 138
Parus 664

parvus, Cypsiurus 452

Parus 664

Passer 1206

pavonina, Balearica 194
pectoralis, Charadrius 238
pectoralis, Coracina 695
Pelecanus i1

pelios, Turdus 801
pelzelni, Ploceus 1179
pennatus, Hieraaetus 127
percnopterus, Neophron 88
peregrinus, Falco 158
Pernis 140

persicus, Merops 490
phaeopus, Numenius 254
Phalacrocorax 17
Philomachus 279

Phoenicea, Campephaga 690
Phoeniculus 503

Phoenicurus 781
phoenicurus, Phoenicurus 781
Pholidornis 901
Phyllastrephus 718
Phylloscopus 907

picta, Ispidina 478

Pitta 598

placidus, Phyllastrephus 727
Platalea 55

Platysteira 957

platyura, Schoenicola 914
plebejus, Turdoides 684
Plectopterus 79

pleschanka, Oenanthe 779
Ploceus 1158

plumata, Prionops 1043
plumbeus, Myioparus 946
Pluvialis 241

Podica 216

poecilolaemus, Dendropicos 587
Pogonocichla 782 p.69
Pogoniulus 548

Poicephalus 367

Polemaetus 134
poliocephala, Alethe 736
poliocephalus, Cuculus 398
poliopterus, Dryocichloides 761
pomarina, Aquila 115
Porphyrio 202

porphyrio, Porphyrio 203

82

Porzana 204 rufa, Sarothrura 214

porzana, Porzana 206 rufescens, Acrocephalus 810
prasina, Hylia 889 rufescens, Pelecanus 12
Prinia 911 ruficapilla, Spermophaga 1259
Prionops 1043 ruficollis, Tachybaptus 4
Prodotiscus 572 rufipennis, Trichastoma 677
Psalidoprocne 639 rufiventer, Terpsiphone 967
Psittacula 370 rufiventris, Accipiter 110
Psittacus 371 rufiventris, Ardeola 31
pugnax, Philomachus 279 rufocinerea, Monticola 768 p.69
pulchella, Nectarinia 1116 p.69 rufocinnamomea, Mirafra 621
pulchra, Sarothrura 213 rufogularis, Apalis 826
pullaria, Agapornis 363 rushiae, Pholidornis 901
purpuratus, Trachylaemus 556 rustica, Hirundo 634
purpurea, Ardea 28
purpureiceps, Lamprotornis 1058 sabini, Rhaphidura 456
purpureus, Lamprotornis 1058 Sarkidiornis 80
purpureus, Phoeniculus 508 Sarothrura 211
purpuropterus, Lamprotornis 1060 saxatilis, Monticola 769
pusilla, Eremomela 879 p.69 Saxicola 783
pusillus, Merops 491 scandens, Phyllastrephus 728
pygargus, Circus 94 Schoenicola 914

schoenobaenus, Acrocephalus 811
quadribrachys, Alcedo 468 schuetti, Turaco 384
Quelea 1192 scirpaceus, Acrocephalus 812
quelea, Quelea 1193 scolopaceus, Pogoniulus 553
querquedula, Anas 69 scops, Otus 424
quiscalina, Campephaga 691 Scopus 42

seimundi, Nectarinia 1121
radiatus, Polyboroides 96 semirufa, Hirundo 635
Rallus 208 semitorquata, Streptopelia 350
ranivorous, Circus 95 senator, Lanius 1038
rapax, Aquila 116 senegala, Lagonosticta 1241
rectirostris, Anthreptes 1087 senegala, Tchagra 1025
reichenowi, Nectarinia 1119 senegalensis, Ephippiorhynchus 48
reichenowi, Pitta 599 senegalensis, Halcyon 475
Remiz 668 senegalensis, Hirundo 636
rex, Balaeniceps 41 senegalensis, Nectarinia 1122
Rhaphidura 456 © senegalensis, Podica 216
rhodopyga, Estrilda 1233 senegalensis, Streptopelia 351
Rhynchops 331 senegalensis, Zosterops 1133
ridibundus, Larus 314 senegallus, Vanellus 248
Riparia 642 Serinus 1280
Yiparia, Riparia 643 sibilatrix, Phylloscopus 907
robusta, Cisticola 869 similis, Anthus 982
rolleti, Lybius 544 p.69 smithii, Hirundo 637
rossae, Musophaga 377 solitarius, Cuculus 399
Rostratula 227 Spermophaga 1259
rubescens, Nectarinia 1120 Sphenoeacus 915
rubetra, Saxicola 783 spilogaster, Hieraaetus 128
rubricata, Lagonosticta 1239 spinosus, Vanellus 249
rubriceps, Anaplectes 1135 splendidus, Lamprotornis 1061
rubricollis, Malimbus 1155 squamatus, Francolinus 184
rudis, Ceryle 465 squatarola, Pluvialis 241
rueppellii, Gyps 86 p.69 stagnatilis, Tringa 259
rufa, Anhinga 19 stellata, Pogonocichla 782

83

Stephanoaetus 135

Stiphrornis 789

Stizorhina 790

Streptopelia 346

striata, Muscicapa 945
striatus, Butorides 33
striatus, Colius 459

subbuteo, Falco 160
subcylindricus, Bycanistes 513
subflava, Amandava 1219
subflava, Prinia 913
subsulphureus, Pogoniulus 555
sulfureopectus, Malaconotus 1019
sulphuratus, Serinus 1293
superba, Nectarinia 1125
superciliaris, Camaroptera 841
superciliosus, Centropus 406
superciliosus, Merops 493
superciliosus, Ploceus 1184
superciliosus, Vanellus 250
sylvatica, Turnix 193

Sylvia 917

Sylvietta 921

syndactyla, Bleda 708

tachiro, Accipiter 111
Tachybaptus 4

tahapisi, Emberiza 1278
Tauraco 384

Tchagra 1022

Telacanthura 457
temminckii, Calidris 274
temminckii, Cursorius 292
Terathopius 101
Terpsiphone 967
Thalassornis 82
Threskiornis 54

Thripias 594

thunbergi, Motacilla flava 996
tinnunculus, Falco 161
Tockus 515

torquata, Saxicola 784
torquila, Jynx 576
totanus, Tringa 260 p.71
Trachylaemus 556

Treron 401b

Trichastoma 674
tricollaris, Charadrius 239
tricolor, Ploceus 1186
Trigonoceps 90

Tringa 255

trivialis, Anthus 984
trochilus, Phylloscopus 908
Trochocercus 972
Turdoides 681

Turdus 801

84

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Tutu) S55

turtur, Streptopelia 352
tympanistria, Turtur 357
Tyto 407

umbrovirens, Phylloscopus 909

undulata, Anas 72
unicincta, Columba 344
Upupa 502

Uraeginthus 1261

urbica, Delichon 623
ussheri, Telacanthura 457

Vanellus 245

variegatus, Indicator 569
variegatus, Merops 494
venusta, Nectarinia 1128
vermiculatus, Burhinus 290
verticalis, Nectarinia 1130

vexillarius, Macrodipteryx 441

Vidua 1216

viduata, Dendrocygna 60
virens, Andropadus 705
virens, Sylvietta 924
viridis, Terpsiphone 968
vocifer, Haliaeetus 137

wahlbergi, Aquila 118
weynsi, Ploceus 188
whytii, Sylvietta 925
woodfordii, Ciccaba 416
woosnami, Cisticola 873

xantholophus, Mesopicos 592
xanthops, Ploceus 1189
Xenus 261

zonurus, Crinifer 376
Zosterops 1133

INDEX OF ENGLISH NAMES

Numbers refer to species, not pages

Alethe, Brown-chested 736 Papyrus 1287
Fire-crested 734 Yellow-fronted 1290
Apalis, Black-capped 823 Chat, Blue-shouldered Robin 750
Black-throated 819 Red-capped Robin 752
Buff-throated 826 . Snowy-headed Robin 753
Grey 817 Sooty 771
Yellow-breasted 818 White-browed Robin 751
Chiffchaff 904
Babbler, Arrow-marked 681 Cisticola, Carruthers' 853
Black-lored 683 Croaking 866
Brown 684 Red-faced 857
Barbet, Black-breasted 544 Rock-loving 846
Double-toothed 534 Siffling 850
Grey-throated 533 Stout 866
Hairy-breasted 538 Trilling 873
Red-fronted 835 Whistling 864
Spotted-flanked 539 Winding 860
White-headed 540 Wing-snapping 848
Yellow-billed 556 Zitting 862
Yellow-spotted 529 Citril, African 1283
Bateleur 101 Coucal, Black 403
Batis, Black-headed 949 Blue-headed404
Bee-eater, Blue-breasted 494 White-browed 406
Blue-cheeked 490 Courser, Temminck's 292
Eurasian 480 Violet-tipped 295
Little 491 Cordon-bleu, Red-cheeked 1261
Madagascar 493 Cormorant, Greater 18
White-throated 479 Long-tailed 17
Bishop, Black 1144 Corncrake 196
Black-winged Red 1146 p.69 Curlew 253
Bittern, Little 23 Crake, African 197
Blackcap 917 Black 201
Bluebill, Red-headed 1259 Buff-spotted Pygmy 211
Boubou, Sooty 1007 Red-chested Pygmy 214
Tropical 1004 Spotted 206
Bristlebill 708 Striped 204
Green-tailed 707 White-spotted 213
Bulbul, Common 732 Crane, Crowned 194
Bunting, Cinnamon-breasted Rock 1278 Crombec, Green 924
Golden-breasted 1273 p.70 Northern 921
Bustard, Black-bellied 218 Red-faced 925
Buzzard, Augur 120 Crow, Pied 654
Honey 140 ; Cuckoo, Black 396
Lizard 129 Black and White 393
Steppe 122 Didric 388
Dusky Long-tailed 385
Camaroptera, Grey-backed 837 Emerald 398
Olive-green 838 Eurasian 395
Yellow-browed 841 Great Spotted 392
Canary, Brimstone 1293 Klass' 391

85

Lesser 398

Levaillant's 394
Red-chested 399
Cuckoo Shrike, Black 688
Purple-throated 691
Red-shouldered 690
White-breasted 695 p.71

Darter 19
Dove, Blue-spotted Wood 355
Laughing 351

Lemon 337

Namaqua 345

Mourning 347 p.71
Red-eyed 350

Ring-necked 346
Tambourine 357

Turtle 352

Duck, Fulvous Whistling 59
Knob-billed 80
White-backed 82
White-faced Whistling 60
Yellow-billed 72
Drongo 644

Velvet-mantled 644

Eagle, African Hawk 128
Ayre's Hawk 126

Banded Snake 97
Black-chested Snake 100
Booted 127

Brown Snake 98

Cassin's Hawk 125
Crowned 135

Fish 137

Lesser Spotted 115
Long-crested 130
Martial 134

Tawny 116

Wahlberg's 118

Egret, Cattle 32

Great White 34

Little 36

Yellow-billed 38
Eremomela, Green-backed 879 p.69

Falcon, Eastern Red-footed 146
Lanner 148 p.69
Peregrine 158
Red-necked 150
SOOGY «lol (pet
Finfoot, African 216
Firefinch, African 1239
Red-billed 1241
Fiscal 1029
Grey-backed 1032

Flycatcher, Ashy 938
Black 934

Black and White 955
Blue 963

Blue-headed Crested 973
Collared 930

Dusky 936

Dusky Blue 940

Dusky Crested 972

Grey 927 p.69
Grey-throated 942
Lead-coloured 946

Pale 928

Paradise 968
Red-bellied Paradise 967
Shrike 956

Sooty 926

Spotted 945

Swamp 937

White-bellied Crested 969 p.69

Francolin, Forest 174
Heuglin's 172
Nahan's 178
Red-winged 176
Scaly 184

Gallinule, Allen's 202
Purple 203

Godwit, Bar-tailed 277
Black-tailed 278

Gonolek, Black-headed 1003
Papyrus 1009

Goose, African Pygmy 77
Egyptian 61

Spur-winged 79

Goshawk, African ii1

_ Gabar 131

Grebe, Little 4

Greenbul, Cameroon Sombre 697
Honeyguide 706
Joyful 711
Little 705
Little Grey 699
Pale Olive 768 p.69
Placid 727
Red-tailed 714
Slender-billed 698
Spotted 715
Toro Olive 719
White-throated 718
Yellow-whiskered 701

Greenshank 257

Guineafowl, Crested 188
Helmeted 190

Gull, Black-headed 314
Great Black-headed 310

86

Grey-headed 306
Herring 305
Lesser Black-backed 307

Hadada 51
Hamerkop 42
Harrier, African Marsh 95
Eurasian Marsh 92
Montagu's 94
Pallid 93
Hawk, Bat 143
Cuckoo 139
Harrier 96
Heron, Black 35
Black-headed 27
Goliath 26
Green-backed 33
Grey 25
Night 40 /
Purple 28
Rufous-bellied 31
Squacco 30
White-backed Night 39
Hobby 160
African 152
Honeybird, Cassin's 572
Honeyguide, Black-throated 563
Least 562
Lesser 566
Scaly-throated 569
Thick-billed 561
Hoopoe 502
Forest Wood 504
Green Wood 508
White-headed Wood 503
Hornbill, Abyssinian Ground 527
Black and White Casqued 513
Crowned 515
Grey 524
Ground 528
Pied 519
Hylia, Green 889
mite 901
Hyliota, Yellow-bellied 891

Ibis, Glossy 53

Sacred 54

Illadopsis, Brown 675

Pale-breasted 677

Scaly-breasted 674

Indigobird, Red-billed Firefinch 1211

Jacana 225
Lesser 226

Kestrel 161

Grey 147
Lesser 156

Kingfisher, Chestnut-bellied 473

Blue-breasted 474
Dwarf 477

Giant 464
Malachite 466
Pied 465

Pygmy 478

Shining Blue 468
Striped 472
White-bellied 467
Woodland 475
Kite, Black 138
Black-shouldered 142

Lark, Flappet 621

Red-capped 601

Rufous-naped 612

Leaflove 728

Yellow-throated 709
Longbill, Grey 895

Yellow 896

Longclaw, Yellow-throated 988
Rosy-breasted 986 p.69
Lovebird, Red-headed 363

Malimbe, Red-headed 1155

Mannikin, Black and White 1265
Bronze 1266

Martin, African Sand 642
Banded 641
House 623
Sand 643

Moorhen, Common 199
Lesser 198

Mousebird, Speckled 459

Negrofinch, Grey-headed 1246
White-breasted 1247
Nicator 716
Nightingale 764
Nightjar, Eurasian 430
Fiery-necked 436
Gabon 431
Long-tailed 428
Pennant-winged 441
Plain 433
Slender-tailed 427
Standard-winged 440
White-tailed 434

Olive-back, White-collared 1243

Oriole, African Golden
Black-headed 649
Golden 651

87

Western Black-headed 647
Osprey 144

Owl, African Marsh 409
African Wood 416

Barn 407

Scops 424

Spotted Eagle 412
Verreaux's Eagle 414
White-faced Scops 422
Oxpecker, Red-billed 1078
Yellow-billed 1077
Oystercatcher 228

Parakeet, Rose-ringed 370
Parrot, Brown 367

Grey 371

Pelican, Pink-backed 12
White i1

Pigeon, Afep 344

Feral 342

Green 358

Pintail 62
Pipit, Long-billed 982
Plain-backed 978
Red-throated 977

Richard's 981

Tawny 976

Tree 984
Pitta, African 598
Green-breasted 599
Plantain Eater, Eastern Grey 376
Plover, Blacksmith 243 p.69
Brown-chested Wattled 250
Caspian 230

Grey 241

Kentish 229

Little Ringed 231

Long-toed 245

Ringed 233

Senegal 246

Spur-winged 249
Three-banded 239

Wattled 248
Pratincole, White-collared 298
Prinia, Tawny-flanked 913
White-chinned 911

Puffback, Black-backed 999 p.69
Northern 1000

Pink-footed 998

Quail 165

Blue 164

Button 93

Black-rumped Button 192
Harlequin 166
Quailfinch 1249

Black-chinned 1250
Quelea, Cardinal 1191
Red-billed 1193
Red-headed 1192

Raven, White-necked 653
Redshank 260 p.71
Spotted 255
Redstart 781
Robin, Brown-backed Scrub 743
Forest 789
Grey-winged Ground 761
White-browed Scrub 744
White-starred Forest 782
Roller, Abyssinian 495
Blue-throated 501
Broad-billed 500
Eurasian 497
Lilac-breasted 496
Rufous-crowned 498
Rook, Cape 655 p.69
Rough-wing, White-headed 639
Ruff 279

Sanderling 267

Sandpiper, Common 252
Curlew 270

Green 258

Marsh 259

Terek 261

Wood 256

Sandplover, Great 234
KEEL eEzZvSs e233
White-fronted 235
Seed-cracker, Black-billed 1254
Seed-eater, Yellow-rumped 1280
Shikra 102
Shoebill 41
Shrike, Grey-green Bush 1013
Grey-headed Bush 1012
Helmet 1043

Lesser Grey 1036

Lihder's Bush 1008
Mackinnon's 1035
Red-backed 1030

Red-taoled 1034
Sulphur-breasted Bush 1019
Woodchat 1038

Skimmer, African 231
Snipe, African 264

Common 262

Great 263

Painted 227
Sparrow, Grey-headed 1206
Sparrowhawk, Great 106
Little 107

88

Ovampo 109 Lesser Crested 323

Rufous 110 White-winged Black 318
Spinetail, Mottle-throated 457 Thicknee, Spotted 287
Sabine's 456 Water 290
Spoonbill, African 55 - Thrush, African 801
Eurasian 56 Little Rock 768 p.69
Spurfowl, Red-necked 167 Rock 769
Starling, Chestnut-winged 1063 Rufous 790
Lesser Blue-eared Glossy 1190 Tinkerbird, Speckled 553
Purple Glossy 1059 Yellow-fronted 549
Purple-headed Glossy 1058 Yellow-rumped 548
Rtippell's Long-tailed Glossy 1060 Yellow-throated 555
Splendid Glossy 1061 Tit, African Penduline 668
Violet-backed 1048 Black 666
Wattled 1052 Dusky 664
Stilt, Black-winged 282 Trogon, Bar-tailed 463
Stint, Little 272 Narina's 462
Temminck's 274 Turaco, Black-billed 384
Stonechat 784 Great Blue 372
Stork, Abdim's 44 Ross's 377
Black 47 Turnstone 281
Marabou 49 Twinspot, Brown 1221
Open-billed 43 Green-backed 1242
Saddle-billed 48
White 45 Vulture, African White-backed 85
Woolly-necked 46 Egyptian 88
Yellow-billed 50 Hooded 87
Sunbird, Beautiful 1116 p.69 Palm-nut 84
Blue-throated Brown 1097 RUppell's 86 p.69
Bronze 1103
Collared 1080 Woodpecker, Bearded 594 p.69
Copper 1096 Brown-backed 593 p.69
Golden-winged 1119 Brown-eared 581
Green 1987 Buff-spotted 582
Green-headed 1130 Cardinal 585
Green-throated 1120 Fine-banded 584 p.69
Grey-headed 1081 Grey 590
Little Green 1221 Little Spotted 580 p.69
Little Purple-banded 1092 Nubian 583
Mariqua 1107 Uganda Spotted 587
Olive 1112 Yellow-crested 592
Olive-bellied 1094 Wryneck, Eurasian 576
Orange-tufted 1093
Red-chested 1098 Yellowbill 401

Scarlet-chested 1122
Superb 1125

Variable 1128
Violet-backed 1082
Tchagra, Black-headed 1025
Brown-headed 1022
Marsh 1024

Teal, Hottentot 67
Tern, Caspian 325
Common 328
Gull-billed 229

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