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T. CLEVE INTRODUCTION The distribution of the Atlantic plankton organisms has hitherto been examined by some expeditions, such as the Challenger and National Expeditions and others. These however, only crossed the Atlantic during certain seasons for a relatively short time, and in different years. As the plankton follows the ocean currents and its distribution is subject to continual changes, it is evident that the knowledge thus obtained must be very fragmentary. In order to get more complete information about this matter Professor O. Prr- TeRSSON, Mr Gustrar Exman and the present author planned a systematical investigation of the waters of the Atlantic during the space of at least one year, as far as temperature, salinity and surface-plankton were concerned. To assist us in carrying out this programme, we communicated with a number of ocean-liners and other vessels and it affords us pleasure to state that the officers were very willing to assist us in procuring samples for scientific examination. Samples were taken once a day at least, in some cases several times, with simultaneous observation of the temperature of the water. The plankton was obtained by pumping water for 10 to 15 minutes at a time through a fine silk net, the small resi- duum being then transferred to a bottle containing alcohol. The samples thus obtained were in most cases very small, but usually sufficiently large to characterize the water. In some cases the number of different species was astonishingly large. Furthermore we tried to get samples collected regularly at certain fixed stations, as at Westmannadé (S. Iceland), the Firées and the Azores. To defray the expenses connected with these researches the sum of 7,000 kronor was obtained from the fund »Lars Hiertas minne», and for the publishing of the results by the »Gé6teborgs Vetenskaps- och Vitterhets-samfund» Mr Auaust Réuss contributed the sum of 3,000 kronor, which we here thankfully acknowledge. INTRODUCTION th All the samples of plankton have been examined by me, both for animals and plants. The observations were registered month by month, and the results brought together so as to show for each month the area of distribution for all Atlantic plankton organisms. In order to rénder these observations more complete I also made use of a number of data published by OstTENFELD, by GEORGE Murray & F. G. Wuaittine and by Auvrivitutius*. For every species I have calculated the mean temperature and salinity and indicated the maxima and minima. In calculating these averages for species that occur gregariously I have only used, as a rule, such samples as contained the species in question abundantly. In spite of the great number of observations obtained, the survey of the plankton of the Atlantic is by no means to be considered as a complete one, as samples were not collected from all parts of the ocean every month. In order to show to what extent the survey has been carried out it will be necessary to state what parts of the ocean have been examined each month. I therefore prepared the following List of routes and stations, where samples have been collected: 1897 December: Dutch Steamer » Prins Frederik Hendrik»: 19" 40 31, from 45° N.. 13° W.‘to-12° 2.50?) Ws = Number vor samples 13. 1898 January: Dutch Steamer » Prins Willem V>: 17™ to 30°, from 48° N. 6° W. to 11° N. 52° W. Dutch Steamer » Prins Fre- dertk Hendriks: 1" to; 30%. “from “7°” N22 539 Wo tova7- aN. 73° W. French Steamer »Les Alpes»: 15 to 28", from 34° N. 14° W. to 17° 8. 38° W. — Number of samples 41. February: Swedish Corvette » Freya»: 22% to 28", from 6° S. 12° E. to 5° S. 0° W. French Steamers »La Gascogne»: 27" and 28", from 50° N. 7° W. to 49° N. 17° W. and »La Cham- * OSTENFELD: lagttagelser over overfladvandets temperatur, saltholdighed og plankton paa islandske og grénlandske skibsrouter i 1898, foretagne under ledelse af C. F. WaANDEL, Copenh. 1899. G. Murray & Wuirrine: New Peridiniacea from the Atlantic. Trans. Linn. Soc. of London 2nd Ser. Botany. Vol. V. Part. 9, 1899. AuriviLutius: Kongl. Svenska Vetenskaps-Akademiens Handlingar. Vol. XXXII, No 6, 1899. INTRODUCTION 5 pagne>: 12" to 17", from 50° N. 10° W. to 45° N. 49° W. Dutch Steamers »Prins Frederik Hendrik»: 6" to 20", from 0 1G N.« 74. UW. tot 13? N70? W. and »Prins, Willem. V»: 19% to 26, from 15° N. 71° W. to 34° N. 74° W. — Number of samples 22. March: British Steamer »Lake Huron» 28" to 31", from 55° N. 12° W. to 49° N. 33° W. Dutch Steamers »Oranje Nassau»: 5 to 24" from 46° N. 12° W. to 9° N. 59° W., » Prins Willem V>: 8 to 16", from 28° N. 74° W. to 32° N. 74° W., »Prins Frederik Hendrik»: 7" to 23", from 7° N. 55° W.. to 48° N. 6° W. French Sicamers shes’ alpes»: 3° to: 12", fromy.0° S: to 30° N...13°: W., »La Bourgogne»: 20" to 26", from 50° N. 11° W. to 41° N. 66° W., »La Gascogne»: 1" to 6", from 48° N. 27° W. to 40° N. 72° W. and 10 to 18" from 40° N. 68° W. to 49° N. 2° W., »La Nawarre»: 13" to 20", from 49° N. ‘9° W. to 40° N. 68° Wee and 22-0 ai", from 40° N. 64° W. to 50° N. 9° W. — Swedish Corvette » Freya»: 1° to 30", from 6° S. 4° W. to 41° N. 23° W. The vessels » Capella»: He to 10% from: 607: N- 4° Eecto: /71°.N.-1° W.,. » Gimle»: 23% to. 26%, romans: NioG° i. to;62°.N.\1°..W. Station: Nalséfjord (Férées) the 224. — Number of samples 120. April: British Steamer »Lake Huron»: 1" to 3°, from 47° N. 40° W. to 43° N. 50° W. Dutch Steamers »Oranje Nassau»: 34 to 26" from 14° .N. 70° .W...to’' 23° N. 72° W.,. »Prins. Willem’ V»: 5 to 19", from 7° N. 54° W. to 47° N. 10° W. French Steamers MLanBourgogne> - 1™ to, .6"; from); 41° N. 57° W. .ta 50° N. 9°. W, and 25 to 29", from 49° N. 23° W. to 42° N..61° W., »La Gas- cogne>: 3° to 10", from 50° N. 10° W. to 40° N. 60° W. and 17" to 24°. from 40° N. 67° W. to 50° N. 3° W. Swedish Corvette wHreya»: 1” to 13”, from: 41° N» 19° W., to 48° N..5° W. | The vessels »Capella»: 26" to 28", from 73° N. 5° W. to 75° N. 9° W., »Gimle»: 6" to 24", from 63° N. 18° W., to 58° N. 2° W., » Vic toria:= 26" to 27. . 62° N. 2°°E. to 60° N: 1° W:: . Stations:::Vest- manna6, one sample; Fardées, one sample. — Number of samples 72. May: Dutch Steamer »Oranje Nassau»: 5" to 31", from 16° N. 71° W. to 6° N. 55° W. and from 7° N. 54° W. to 32° N. 36° W. French Steamers »La Bourgogne»: 9 to 14", from 41° N. 59° W. to: 50° .N. 12° W. and 23° to 27" from 49° N. 23° W. to 42° N. 61° W., »La Gascogne»: 8" to 15", from 50° N. 11° W. to 40° N. 72° W. and 22° to 29", from 40° N. 68° W. to 50° N. 7° W., 6 INTRODUCTION WSt- “Simons = 21" to%3i™@ from. 43° Nov 1° We toh2o2 (N. 602° WwW. Swedish Expedition to Spitsbergen under A. G. Nathorst. — The vessels »Capella»: 7" to 31", from 77° N. 2° W. to 67° N. 25° W., »Sdnderjiilland»: 19" to 22°, from 61° N. 1° W. to 58° N. 4° B., » Victoria»: 24 to 7, from 62° N. 2° E. to 60° N. 8° E. Stations: Vestmannaéd, 3 samples, Fiirédes, 6 samples. — Number of samples 105. June: Dutch Steamers » Oranje Nassau»: 1* to 6", from 34° N. 38° W: to’ 46° \N. 11° W:, » Prins! Willem I 2-24" to 30°, from 29° N. 36° W. to 10° N. 53° W. — French Steamers »La Bour- goones; .6°°'to, 41>: fronm4t? Net :b9? We tot DOr Nate Wikia Se Simon» > 20% sto. 30%.* frome 9? ON: 63° OW for4ee Ney 2 OW Collection of Mr K. Boutin: 13" to 24!) from 48° N. 6° W. to 35° N. 21° W. — The Swedish Expedition to Spitabergen under A. G. Nathorst. —- »Capella»: 1" to 30", from 66° N. 26° W. to 68° N. 13°5 W), » Victorias 2.9" “to 16", (at 62°" NN.» 2°-E., + Fishing -yaeht: 29 to 25'", from 58° N. 2° W. to 61° N. 1° W. Stations: Vestmannadé, 2 samples, Fiirdes, 3 samples, Azores, 3 samples (collected by Mr K. Bontiy). — Number of samples 99. July: Dutch Steamer »Prins Willem II>; 19" to 27°, from 15° N. 71° W. to 38° N. 74° W. — French Steamers »La Gascogne> : eto. 23% from SO? Ny, 10°"W. to 2402 N:. (66° VW. andre L4G Ne 67° W., »St Simon»: 1" and 2%, 48°°N.. 14°° W.-to 50° "N.8° W., »La Touraine»: 24" to 30", from 50° N. 11° W. to 40° N. 69° W.., »La Ville de Marseille»: 22° to 30%, from 41° N. 17° W. to 21° N. 58° W. — The Swedish Expedition to Spitsbergen under A. G. Nathorst. — The vessels »Capella»: 1™ to 7, from 68° N. 8° W. to 60° N. 0° E., »Gimle»: 10" to 27", from 67° N. 22° W. to 59° N. 2° W., »Sénderjiilland»: 1™ to 8, from 59° N. 2° BE. to 61° N. 4° W., » Victoria»: 17" and 25", at 62° N. 0° W. Stations: Vest- manno, 2 samples, Fiardées, 2 samples, Azores 4 samples. — Number of samples 68. August: British Steamer »Lake Superior»: 22° to 28", from 56° N. 13° W. to 52° N. 55° W. — Dutch Steamer Prins Willem ID: 6° to 19", from 38° N. 74° W. to 14° N. 70° W..— French Steamers »La Gascogne»: 1 to 6", from 40° N. 59° W. to 49° N. 14° W., 4 : 7" to 12", from, 42° N»?) 65> -W: ‘to. 49°. (N: 20° ""W.. "Oto 27% fromm: Ne INTRODUCTION 7 12° W. to 44° N. 72° W. — Swedish Expedition to Spitzbergen under A. G. Nathorst. The vessels »Sdénderjiilland»; 11" at 59° N. 2° W., »Gimle»: 11% to 14, from 60° N. 3° W. to 66° N. 18° W., » Victoria»: 19" to 21%, at 61° N. 4° E. ‘Stations: Vestmannaé, 2 samples, Farées, 1 samples, Azores 4 samples. — Number of samples 100. September: British Steamer »Lake Superior»: 11 to 16", from).53? (N. 50°) W.ito. 56°:.N., 12° W..and: 26" to30%, from 57° N. 14° W. to 55° N. 43° W. — Dutch Steamers » Prins Frederik Hendrik» : 18 sto? 27", from::15°-N. 471° W.. to 38° N.- 74° W., » Prins Willem IT»: 6" to 21", from 9° N. 53° W. to 49° N. 3° W. — French Stea- mers »La Gascogne»: 1" to 34, from 47° N. 33° W. to 50° N. HeaW sand 1s") to.424) from) (50°) Ni 1d? Meteo vat? N65? Wwe »La Touraine»>: 4" to 10", from 41° N. 66° W. to 50° N. 9° W. Swedish Expedition to Spitzbergen. The vessels »Sigyn»: 2% to 19", from oac0N= 26° W. to 8% N.825° Ws sGimles >>14-to 17", from 66° N. 18° W. to 61° N. 2° W., »Sdnderjiilland>: 4" to 7%, from 62° N. 6° W. to 60° N. 2° W. Stations: Vestmannaé, 3 samples, Farées, 1 sample, Azores, 5 samples. — Number of samples 99. October: British Steamer »Lake Superior»: 1" 53° N. 51° W. and: 16" to) 31", from '53° Nz. 52° W. to: 56° N..12° W. —: Duteh Steamer »Prins Frederik Hendrik»: 6" to 19", from 38° N. 74° W. to 16° N. 70° W. — French Steamers »Canada»: 29" to 31", from 42> IN. 415° -W? to 37° N:- 27° @W., “wiLa» Gascogne> : (3° to 8", from 40° N. 59° W. to 50°. N. 14° W., 30 and 31%, from 50° N. 10° W. to 50° N. 20° W., »La Touraine»: 23% to 29", from 50° N. 10° W. to 41° N. 67° W. Swedish vessel »Sigyn»: 5, at 21° S. 36° W. Stations: Vestmannaéd, 2 samples, Fiirées, 3 samples, Azores, 5 samples. — Number of samples 44. November: British Steamers »Lake Superior»: 1% to 7, from DOse IN LU ave tO Oo TAN DOUMW..ande Bit to. 27), from! 48°. Ne 49° W. to 55° N. 14° W., »Tucoman»: 15" to 29", from 45° N. 7° W. to 9° S. 34° W. — French Steamers » Canada»: 1" to 6", from 34° N:. 33° W. to 19° .N. 58° W., »La Gascogne>: 1™ to 5%, from 49° N. 28° W. to 42° N. 64° W., 13 to 19", from 40° N. 67° W. to 49° N. 12° W. and 27" to 30", from 50° N. 10° W. to 48° N. 41° W., »La Touraine»: 6 to 12, from 41° N. 66° W. to 50° N. 11° W. and 20" to 26", from 50° N. 10° W. to 41° N. 69° W. — The Swedish Corvette » /reya»; 14", at 31° N. 18° W. — The Swedish 8 INTRODUCTION vessel »Sigyn»: 5" to 18", from Rio Janeiro to 18° S. 31° W. Stations: Vestmanna6é, 2 samples, Farées, 2 samples, Azores, 4 samples. — Number of samples 78. December: British Steamer » Tucoman»: 1" to 15", from 14° S. 36° W. to 29° S. 49° W. — French Steamers »Canada»: 2% to 12", from 19° N. 58° W. to 44° N. 10° W., »La Gascogne»: 1" to 3%, from. 46°" N: 50° Weito. 42°" N. GBSAWeE 1 to. 17 tromsad> NN: 66° W to 50° N. 9° W. and 25" to 31", from 50° N. 12° W. to 43° N. 61° W., »La Touraine»: 4" to 10", from 41° N. 66° W. to 50° N. 18° W. — The Swedish Corvette » Freya»: 21" to 31", from 28° N. 17° W. to 29° N. 14° W. — The vessel » Sigyn»: 20™, at 18° N. 67° W. Stations: Vestmannaé, 2 samples, Fardées, 2 samples, Azores, — 3 samples. — Number of samples 55. 1899 January: French Steamer »La Gascogne>: 1" to 13", from 41° N. 69° W. to 50° N, 20° W. Swedish Corvette »freya»: 22to° 10", ‘from i31°. Ne 6° Wy tov297° Ny 16° W. “Stations: Viest- mannaé, 5 samples, Farées, 2 samples. — Number of samples 22. February: Swedish vessel »Sigyn»: 19 to 224, from 32° N. 47° W. to 34° N. 40° W. — Stations: Fiarées, 2 samples. — Number of samples 5. March: Dutch steamer »Oranje Nassau»: 18 to 29", from 48° N. 6° W. to 18° N. 45° W. — The Swedish Corvette » Freya»: 12", at 35° N. 16° W. The vessels »Sigyn»: 11™ to 18", from 47° N. 8° W. foe? N. HOW ehyras > OP to. 29%) drome: 62° IN. Fe We iG 6b; ON! 24° OW2)0 > Capellax: *8 tolh12", from) 62° iN. dete 71° N. 4° W. — Stations: Fiarées, 1 sample. —- Number of samples 36. April: Dutch Steamer »Oranje Nassau»: 8 to 27", from 9° N. 59° W. to 36° N. 74° W. — The Swedish Corvette » Freya»: 1 to 11", from 37° N. 9° W. to 50° N. 6° W. — The vessel » Capella»: 27" to 29", from 73° N. 9° E. to 74° N. 8° E. — Stations: Vestmannaé, 2 samples, Fardes, 2 samples. — Number of samples 25. May: British Steamer »Lake Superior»: 20" to 27%, from 47° N. 57° W. to 51° N. 14° W. — Dutch Frigate »Atjeh»: 24 to 31%, from 33° 8. 16° E. to 24° S. 7° E., Steamer »Oranje Nassau»: 6" to 7, from 38° N. 74° W. to 35° N. 75° W. Swedish Ezpe- dition to Greenland under A. G. Natuorst: 26" to 31%, from 58° N. 9° E. to 61° N. 1° E. The vessels »Capella»: 5" to 30", from 78 ON. 5° “W.te70° Ne O° OW. siCeress: 15° to. 30%; fromemacr oN: GP: to '66° IN. 24° We, 5! Victoriay > 16" to. 138 at (62292 ie INTRODUCTION Q Stations: Vestmannaé, 2 samples, Fiirées, 3 samples. — Number of samples 71. June: Dutch Frigate »Atjeh>: 1 to 30", from 24° 5. 6° E. to 9° N. 25° W., Steamer »Oranje Nassau»: 5 to 11%, from 12 N. 52° W. to 36° N. 30° W. Swedish Expedition to Greenland (Antarctic): 1" to 30", from 62° N. 1° E. to Fok N. 15° W. The vessel » Capella»: 2° to 27", from 71° N. 6° Ur to 74° N. 24° E. Steamer >Rurik>: 18" to 28, from 64° N. 7° E. to 78° N. 12° E. Yacht SMicormdass of a0.a7", ‘at 62° N. =e E. Stations: Vestmannad, 1 sample. — Number of samples 93. July: British Steamer »Lake Superior»: 10" to 17, from Bonen, 15° Weta D2" N. 54° W.,. 30" to 31". from 51° N. 47° W. to 53° N. 42° W. — Dutch Frigate »Atjeh»: 1" to 31™, from 11° N. 26° W. to 48° N. 23° W. — Swedish Expedition to Greenland (Antarctic): 2° to 29", from 75° N. 18° W. to 71° N. 21° W. » Capella»: 4" to 10%, from 71° N. 32° E. to 79° N. 58° E. »Furik»: 1® to 17, from 78° N. 11° E. to 80° N. 16° E. » Victoria»: 11” to 22°, at 61° N. 0° W. — Number of samples 60. August: British Steamer »Lake Superior»: 1" to 4", from 54° N. 34° W. to 55° N. 9° W. and 14™ to 19", from 56° N. 14° W. to 52° N. 53° W. — Dutch Frigate »Atjeh»: 34 to 8", from 48° N. 20° W. to 49° N. 9° W. Swedish Expedition to Greenland (An- tarctic): 7" to 31", from 71° N. 23° W. to 72° N. 16° W. The vessels » Capella»: 4" to 16", from 80° N. 51° E. to 72° N. 26° E., » Victoria»: 13 and 29", 60° N. 3° E. to 61° N. O°? W. — Number of samples 36. September: British Steamer »Lake Superior»: 2° to 7, from AION a? UW: t0°56° N.. 27°. Wicand! 18™ to 25, from 55°.N/.9° W. to 538° N. 51° W. Swedish Expedition to Greenland (Antarctic): 1" to 9 from 72° N. 16° W. to 60° N. 3° E. »Rurik»: 3° to 17", from 80° N. 16° E. to 57° N. 7° E. — Number of samples 47. October: British Steamer »Lake Superior»: 8" to 13™, from 53° N. 52° W. to 56° N. 15° W. and 26 to 30%, from 52° N. 14° W. to 53° N. 37° W. — Number of samples 11. November: British Steamer »Lake Superior: 1" to 2°, from 53° N. 43° W. to 52° N. 48° W. and 14" to 20", from 47° N. 51° W. to 51° N. 13° W. — Number of samples 9. The total number of samples from the surface of the Atlantic thus amounts to 1,331, of which 861 were from 1898 (December 1897 included) and 415 from 1899. 10 PLANKTON-TYPES. TRICHO-PLANKTON PLANKTON-TYPES. In the following report on the seasonal distribution of the Atlantic plankton organisms I again use the signs C, D, S, 7, which denote, as in my previous papers on this matter, Cheeto-, Desmo-, Styli- and Tricho-plankton, Nm, Ns and Ng, Southern, Northern and Arctic neritic plankton. The new sign Nt denotes Tropical neritic plankton. The Sira-plankton in my former publi- cations may be disregarded for the Atlantic, as this type corresponds partly to JT and partly to Ng. The Sira-plankton which appears in the Skagerak, as a rule in February and March, contains neritic arctic species intermingled with boreal species and some forms, which belong to the Tricho-plankton. As this kind of plankton is very characteristic for the Skagerak, it may be useful to keep the name for the said plankton in the Skagerak. In the following lists the letters B, 1, M, P, R and W denote the Baltic, Indian Ocean, Mediterranean, Pacific, Red Sea and White Sea. I. Tricho-plankton. I have arranged most species of this type thus: Tricho-plankton (Arctic oceanic species) 7. Limits Mean Moan Distribution Lat. Ni tem- Salinity outside perature the Atlantic Fritillaria borealis ............. eee 0 7.4 34.00 Antarctic. Soreophausia inermis............ 78°—63° 3.40 “BD.09 Nyctiphanes norvegicus......... 75°—61°(42) O66 35.10 Thysanoessa longicaudata...... 85°—48° 6.0 34.84 Euthemisto libellula ............ 85° —40° 2.0 34.36 Parathemisto oblivia ............ 85°— 45° 2.9 84.15 Calanus finmarchicus............ 85°—30° 7.3 3430 Antarct.M.P.I. Gu hy perboreus, Saerae es 85°—58° 20 34.98 Chiridius arnmatuss si 2. 08 85°—65° Oo 34.81 EKucheta norvegica ............... 85°—58° 237), dD.ae Metridia ‘longal quakes. 85°—58° O11 34.94 Onera)-coniferd:. 208). . age. Te 02" 0.7 34.98 A Pd Ee at OP mmnute. 0. ae ee 78°38" 5.0) »SD.oe MM. PLANKTON-TYPES, TRICHO-PLANKTON 11 Limits Mean Mean Distribution Lat. N. BLEee | agitate ae ss ae perature the Atlantic Conchoecia borealis............... 85°—d8° 4:3 3D.06 C. elegans.............. San, aol 80°—38° f3 3B. Krohnia bamata:.e9oesc.000-054). 80°—b4° 10.5 34.50 Antarctic. Sasiita vaneticay, se) 6.5)... 81°—42° 7,8) © 9@D.88 BOLOE GCUCUDMS .2055.00.1).02.... 78°—40° 1.5 33.63 Circumpolar? Pleurobrachia pileus ............ 82°—50°(32) — -— Bolina septentrionalis............ 79°—40° —- — Circumpolar? Mertensia ovum...................:. 80°—42° — — Circumpolar. Codonium princeps............... 80°— 64° — — Gyanea) arctica qth ae..0s oe 74°— 41° -— — Circumpolar. Pectyllisi arctica: i762. ark... 82°—51° -- -~ Aglantha digitale .................. 18° —42° 9.1 35D.4s Cireumpolar. Cyttarocylis denticulata......... 80°—37° 8.3 34.74 Bering Sea. Cotmorveswer | > otk. a kic. 81°—40° 5.6 34.22 Pivchoeylis acutacs ict 78°—40° 90 3451 Tintinnus acuminatus............ 80°—37° 9.3 34.03 Actinomma boreale............... 80°—48> 94 395.29 Anthocyrtium anthemis......... 63° 67» 3540 North-P? Aulacantha leevissima.. ......... 78°— 60° — ~— erocta melo. yA. To, — o= Botryopyle setosa... .............. 78°—45> — — Challengeria Harstonil ......... 80°—76° _- -- North P. OES eT C0 a ia eet a 80°—52° ~ — Challengeron Channeri... ..... 48° —- — North P. RemNaiiorstin es. Lions te. 80°—)6° — - Dictyophimus gracilipes......... 80°— 45° — — North P. Euphysetta Lucani ............... 45° — — Euscenium tricolpium............ 78° —43> — — Pp. Hexadoras borealis ............... 80°— 63° — —~ Plectophora arachnoides ...... 78°— 40° _ ~- Theoealyptra corunta............ 80°—41° - — North P. Cerattum ‘arcticum:): 2) 5501. 80°—40°(34) 83 33.61 North P. Cerlonepest s/t A" ee. 79°—39° 8.5 34.02 Bering Sea. Dinophysis Michaélis ............ 80°— 40° 7.3 34.44 De Vamhotenit i/..2).. ee 81°—52° 5.9 3435 North P. Peridinium depressum ......... 81°—36° 8.2 34.33 Bering Sea. PP owatuimee eg oN ii oes 80°—40° 6.4 34.06 12 PLANKTON-TYPES. TRICHO-PLANKTON Limits Mean ean Distribution Lat. N. tem- eatinitey outside perature the Atlantic Pcp ab WO x eee 2s. ee 79°—51° 8.5 34.87 Py pellucidum, serene. 81°—40° 51 3482 Pheeocystis Pouchetii............ 81°-—40° 5s 34.84 Asteromphalus Hookeri......... 80°—40° 5.0 34.49 Antarctic. Cheetoceros atlanticus............ 81°—37° 5.1 34.69 Bering Sea, Antarc. Ce bOredis- 2a ace tak taace te 80°—39° 4.3 34.36 Antarctic. Var BrightwWelliy sc... ccd 76°—41° 8.6 35.00 Ceneninmhilstic 2) 08 ote tcs, 80°— 40°(23) 6.2 34.23 Antarctic. CGE CIPIONS: sat 2.7 isan ates 81°—40°(82) 7.6 34.50 North P. Cor U BERS MR Nsued ccc dh iwn Se 81°—42° Dison) aaeds Coscinodiscus oculus iridis... 80°—40°(6) 6.7 34.40 Bering Sea. Leptocylindrus danicus......... 81°—58°(44) 7.0 34.62 M. Nitzschia seriata .................. 81°—40° 8.8 isabaaceMe Rhizosolenia hebetata............ 77°—45° 7.3 34.83 Bering Sea. Fee OMWUSA. oo cna bere geet ie Set 80°— 41° 6.2 34.95 RK. Semispina ic Aweee eee: 80°—33° 7.0 = 34.97 Thalassiosira gravida............ 80°—40° 2.1 34.08 Thalassiothrix longissima...... ice ale 96 34.48 Bering Sea. It appears from this list, that most of the species have been found as far north as 80°, several also, by the Nansen Expedition, at 85° in the Polar Basin. Some of these species are circumpolar, i. e. have been found in the Bering Sea and in the N. Pacific. It thus seems as if the Northern Atlantic occasionally receives some currents from the Polar Basin and ultimately from the Northern Pacific. The currents may vary in different years, at least the following facts point to such a conclusion. Fhizosolenia hebetata was found in the Northern Atlantic in 1898, but not in 1899. This species occurs in the Bering Sea. A number of Radiolaria, not noted in the warmer Atlantic but certainly from the Pacific, were also found in 1898, but not in 1899, in the Northern Atlantic | and W. of Norway. The copepod Onccea conifera, which occurs in the Pacific, was collected by Nansen at the New Siberian Islands, in hauls from 50 metre. The same animal occurred in many samples, collected in 1899 by the Nathorst Expedition to Greenland, but | have seen it but once in the temperate Atlantic at the Azores, and then very sparingly. It was on the other hand not found in any PLANKTON-TYPES. TRIGHO-PLANKTON 13 of the numerous samples collected in 1898 by the Naruorsr Expe- dition to Spitzbergen. This species is »arctic» in the Atlantic only. The temperature of the water containing Tricho-plankton varied from O° to 10° and the salinity varied as a rule between 34 and 35 p. m. The route taken by the Tricho-plankton at the surface is from the entrance to the Polar Basin, between Spitzbergen and Greenland, along the east coast of Greenland towards Iceland. There it forks, one branch going to E. Greenland, where it follows the current round Cape Farewell, thence continuing along the western coast to Disco. The same kind of plankton prevails in the Labrador current and follows the east coast of N. Atmerica to about New York. The other branch goes from Iceland above the submarine ridge to the Fardes, the Shetlands and Western Norway. The bulk of the arctic plankton that appears regularly in February in the Skagerak probably gets there through the Norwegian depression and by means of an undercurrent . 2252) 80°—40° 74 34.53 North P. PLANKTON-TYPES. NORTHERN NERITIC PLANKTON it) It is remarkable that many of these species are also Baltic and not a few circumpolar. I distinguish as a particular class a number of plankton forms which are not strictly arctic, but boreal, and occur off Iceland and the Fardes, in the Irminger Sea and in the E. Greenland Current. The mean temperature of the water in which these forms occur is as a rule higher than for the strictly arctic species. A number of these forms constitute what | have called Northern neritic plankton, others fall under the Sira-plankton. It is remarkable that such a considerable percentage of these forms occur in the northern Pacific. There are also among these forms some baltic species. The following list contains such boreal forms: Boreal species. Ns. Mean Limits eee Mean Outside Lat. N. ee salinity the Atlantic Limacina retroversa.................. 71°—41° 7. 3D) ‘Antarctic. Arachnactis albida:t.ji) 2.2.0... 62°—d6° 12.1 35.37 Anomalocera Patersonii............ 73°—50° fis 34.17 Centropages hamatus ............... 70°—50° Oi 4.33.55 4b: Metridia hibernica....:................ 69°— 42° iNav 35.25 Temora longicornis .................. 70°-—40° 10:3 3416 B. Amphorella subulata ............... 65°— 40° 15.0 M. B. W Codonella ventricosa ............... 66°—36° $43.) loose Vl, Tintinnopsis beroidea............... 63°—34° 16.5 34.07 DPT EY SIS AGUILAS oot os cause casee 73° —42° 9.5 ~,- «85.08 2 North P- Gonyaulax spinifera.................. 65°—34° 8.5 34.80 M.? Hexasterias problematica ......... 66°-—51° 7.4 34.84 Asterionella japonica ............... 63°—50° 8.6 34.69 North P., Ant. Biddulphiia aurita i cca...4 4. 75°—52° 4.4 34.55 North P., Ant. Cheetoceros cinetus A ee ON 65; —-b0- 9.4 35.09 North P. ie GOMSECIGNIS eres! a Kea 63390" 8.6 34.02 North P. CAGES ES a ne 74°—4.0° 7.6 34.65 North P. Me EVCTRIONTS: cpl a Revtheet ence 16°—45° 8.4 33.95 “NOT 1 i i ae rr ae 10° —43° 8.1 33.27 North P. SORDLOM EOLA ica. cccucesscbivee 66°—40° (21°) 9.5 34.66 North P., Ant. Coscinodiscus concinnus ......... 69°—40° (7°) 7.4 d4.70 Pe MCCTIITOUS. 0c)... seceic-cecastoxs 64°—32° (21°) 9.9 35.33 16 PLANKTON-TYPES. NORTHERN NERITIG PLANKTON. STYLI-PLANKTON Limits ee Mean Outside Lat. N. salinity the Atlantic perature Ce polvchordiasg? Mater tke 72°—50° 5.1 34.25 Getrndiatas (ty Ab Pe er eee, 74°20 7.4 34.34 Nitzschia delicatissima ............ 65°57" 8.6 34.93 Antarctic. Skeletonema costatum............... 6337 11.8 34.10 NorthP.B. Thalassiosira gelatinosa............ 69°—50° To 2641 “North: P: Thalassiothrix Frauenfeldii ..... Gora 10.1 34.24 Il. Styli-plankton. This kind constitutes the plankton of the water with 35 p. m. salinity, or the »Gulf-stream water» of the hydrographers. The range of distribution of this kind is West of S. Africa, or the Benguela current, the Gulf of Guinea, the Cape Verde region and the space between the Canaries, the Azores and the mouth of the English Channel. From March to May this area expands westwards, across the whole Atlantic, between 40° and 50° N., so it seems as if the water containing this kind of plankton ascended from deeper layers to the surface. Many of the species of the Styli-plankton also occur more or less intermingled with Desmo- plankton in the western Atlantic, so that the Styli-plankton surrounds the region of the Sargasso Sea in the form of an irregular ring. The water between 40° and 50° N., containing Styli-plankton advances northwards towards Iceland and the Fér6e Channel and finally moves towards Spitzbergen. During the summer, especially in August, the water between 40° and 50° N., that contains Styli- plankton, becomes covered by a sheet of water containing Desmo- plankton. ‘This is particularly the case in the western regions, along the American coast and above the Newfoundland Banks. Some specimens of the Desmo-plankton, more or less intermingled with the Styli-plankton, drift towards Iceland and the Farde Channel, but in November the water with Desmo-plankton disappears from the area between 40° and 50° N., and then a number of Styli-plankton forms reappear, more or less intermingled with Tricho-plankton. The Styli-plankton is very rich in species. I give the fol- lowing list of the more important ones: PLANKTON-TYPES. STYLI-PLANKTON, Styli-plankton. (Temperate oceanic species.) 7. Limits Evadne Nordmannii......... 0° S.—73°N. BrP MMIMAL A Wea ath sheds 2, 35° S.—59° N. BUST P ESTA | occas. os 83 sco 6°N,—29°N. Peariva ClaUSit) so..c cm sacsn 38°N.—73° N. BE UNE Fees tact Ne og 34°N.—49° N. Centropages typicus ...... 6°5.—63°N. Clausocalanus arcuicornis 33° 5.—add°N. Coryczeus rostratus ......... 33° 5.—48°N. Eucalanus elongatus......... 36°N.—60°N. ° Euchirella rostrata ......... 32°N.—44°N. Mecynocera Clausii ........ 30° S.—5d0° N. Microsetella atlantica ...... 31°S.—79°N. Oithona similis... ....2..... 33° S.—81°N. Oncea subtilis ............... 32° S.—47°N. Paracalanus parvus.. ...... 32°S.—61°N. Pleuromma abdominale... 16°N.—d0O°N. | 00 20) ee 33° N.—5O° N. Rhinocalanus nasutus ... 21°N.—60°N. Sagitta bipunctata ......... 35° S.—60° N. Amphorella amphora ...... 20° S.—60° N. A. ganymedes.................. 20° S.—50° N. A. Steenstrupii ............... 20° S.—72°N. Codonella ampulla ......... 25° S.—b1°N. CRO Tt CR ee ae 40°N.—51°N. Cyttarocylis Trefortii ...... 25° S.—d6° N. Dictyocysta elegans ......... 25° S.—63°N. MPM yee cot ath va 20° S.—b53°N. Tintinnus Fraknoi............ 26° S.—50° N. i MBUS UNO. 6:5... 2. Sears: 45°N,—63° N. Undella caudata............... 15° S.—63°N. BOR OS teocey. vege Sven rans 30°N.—51°N. 2K «rr 34°N.—40° N. We UP CREOLE. o.5cacs sn. ssseene? 45°N.—57° N. Acanthochiasmafusiforme 5°S.—66°N. perature 1) Oo oO tex — — — ee hd ot oa ~- © or) — — SI 7 OU NT On re m& oN 2 16.2 Mean salinity 34,49 35.39 36.05 mie —~ oo oo Ww Ww = ou S Or Ol Gr cor) Outside the B. E. M. M. i = Atlantic Sellar: Oc eae a Fe . Bering Sea. ow I. L: re 18 PLANKTON-TYPES, STYLI-PLANKTON. Mean rec tem- Limits perature Salinity the Atlantic Acanthochiasma Krohnii 17°5.—56°72°)N.18.6 33.7.0 M. I. P. Acanthometron quadri- Mean Outside ROTMUGIAS, Se atk ee on as 25° S.—78° N. 14.3 35.20 M. A. pellucidum (incl. A. CIASUICUIN).icact ceebue sce. 26°S.—b0°(67°)N. 21.1 35.5 M. I. P. Acanthonia cuspidata...... 33° S.—57°N. 20m." 3D.89 SNL; P. Ae AMCiera cs Siete ye ih 5° S.—76°N. 12 oh BD .s7Nl Challengeria xiphodon ... 15°N.—66°N. 1: Ee ais Fo er Collozoum inerme .......... 21° S.—72°N. 16.7 3.74 Litholophus ligurinus...... 21°S.—79°N. 1603: 639.600. ee P Globigerina bulloides ...... 25°S.—81°N. Per somes Halospheera viridis ......... 26° S.—67° N. bE Sea gee Ui Ree Ceratium arietinum......... 4°N.—d6°N. 19c0.nieaose.7 PB Ciubucephalum ..2i. 720" 7°N.—76°N. 15%. 939.60 Geaumea) |. 2 Aas ae eee 29°'S 7/6" Ni oa ao ae er Dak: CECUISUSY (<1. cae 26°S.—77°N. 10.9 34.64 Gohineatunaiy cee pea si: 26° S.—77°N. (Ofer Boas Mob Ps Ci AIMaACrOCErOS arse Oc 25° S.—77°N. 12.3 34.18 Ceplat vcontieniae ens :. 34°N.—b)6°N. 14.3 36.19 Cesreticulaiim eas... ee. .. -. 21°S.—50(62°)N. 19.4 36.45 M. I CeaLr iO ster. “mht vse ae: 35° S.—78° N. 114 34.99 Dinophysis hastata ......... 11°S —62°N. WBS: peeavo uty te Dy vihommumeu Ws e782... 35° S.— 63° N. 1.570 SO:54 oss Ee Diplopsalis lenticula ...... 11°S.—63°N. 1Gs91 4 /O0e7 on iemguint Gonyaulax polygramma... 26°5.—61°N. dijea’ esate are leaik. Oxytoxum scolopax......... 20° S.—50° N. LS.t.- e600 Mccall sues: Peridinium divergens ...... 20°S.—78°N. iSeries Vy MITE Et a? | bors (0 oy tT eee ene 15° 5.—65° N. 2036) tao ines & be Pie aes tent k at 20° S.—80° N. 1Ois s8ai66 P. oceanicum ..... ea Se 7°N.—65°N. 120 saOvag. vikaraels P. pedunculatum ............ 23°N.—60° N. 14.2 35.42 M. Asteromphalus heptactis 26°S.—63°N. 13.6 35.35 Bacteriastrum delicatulum 17°N.—65)°N. 14., 35.22 R. B= clongatumiaewee. © 7°N.—623°N. 16.3 34.9: M. I. Cheetoceros furea ........... 6°N.—49°N. 18ers Mires Ce Lorenzianus 2.7. 6°N.—50° N. 10 aa Sara. NT ere CReKeLLOn |. ie eee res. 1°S.—65°N. LO eoO.ek We PLANKTON-TYPES. STYLI-PLANKTON. DIDYMUS-PLANKTON. 19 Mean Outside Limits tempe- Mean the rature salinity Atlantic Cheetoceros volans ......... 4°S.—77° N. 14.1 35.09 Corethron hystrix............ 7°N.—76° N. 10.4 35.12 North P. Coscinodiseus sol............ 32°S.—)b7°N. t5s6= coo.60. wh he P: Dactyliosolen antarcticus 35° N.—62° N. 11.1 35.87; Antarctic. WF Hvala, Sper sgt... 32°N.—47°N. 14.4 35.00 Hemidiscus cuneiformis... 29° S.—66° N. 20s ~35.56. MI Navicula membranacea... 21°N.—43° N. tbs pba he Le: Rhizosolenia alata ......... 30° S.—66° N: Teor bigs fo ee Fees CORPINOM AY soe. 4.020.422: 5° S.—64°N. ty Boee.” North F. Reestyliformisye., 72.2303... 26° S.—80° N. 12.0 34.79 M. P. It will be seen that many have a very wide range of distribu- tion, several from the Cape of Good Hope to Spitzbergen. Many occur in the Mediterranean, some in the Pacific, and some in the Indian Ocean. Among these species there is also one Baltic species, Evadne Nordmannii, wich 1 should have placed among the boreal species, had it not, according to Hansen’s statement, been found in the Gulf of Guinea. A certain number of species, which occur usually in the coast- regions of the temperate Atlantic, form a kind of plankton that is related to the Styli-plankton in the same way as the arctic neritic plankton to the Tricho-plankton. They constitute the plankton-type I have called Didymus-plankton or Southern neritic plankton. The following list contains such forms as belong to this type. Didymus-plankton. (Temperate neritic species.) Nm. Mean Outside Teigits tempe- Mean the rature Salinity Atlantic Podon intermedius .......... 40°N.—70O°N. 12s. ob PB: Aeartia. bifilosa -b.2.5 920... 6° 5.—63°N. — a a Es Euterpe acutifrons ......... 40° $.—51°N. _- — MI. Cyttarocylis serrata ...... 33° S.—58°N. — — Tintinnopsis campanula. . 9° N.—58° N. ~ — BB. M. Bacteriastrum varians ... 7° N.—58°N. — — Biddulphia mobilensis .... 21° N.—62°N. 14.4 34.94 Cerataulina Bergonii ...... 7° N.—80°N. 11.3 34838 M. 20 PLANKTON-TYPES. DIDYMUS-PLANKTON. DESMO-PLANKTON. Mean Outside ai tempe- Mean the rature Salinity Atlantic Cheetoceros curvisetus ... 11° N.— 66° N. 14.71 34.94 Ae AGUNG. Wate csc ee tee 217 N.— bs" N: 15.0 — B.NorthP. (SeerGeyTSUiGenn, ier, tenes 12° N.—6O7 NE los Yopuse Me Cpe NTC hg cra naa ee 20° N= 6 ie 12.5. 35.25 M.NorthP. Co Sehuiiis cw 8 woos Ne Oem ee 11s BacosrNortin IP: Ditylum Brightwellii ...... 23° N.—60° N. 10.5 34.85 North P. Eucampia zodiacus ........ 34° N.—60°N. 145 35.49 North P. Guinardia flaccida ......... 16° N63" N. 12.3 34.72 M. Lauderia annulata ......... 21°(7)N.—62°N. 13.3); opvas NYA SPs Lithodesmium undulatum 40° N.—55°N. 14.5 33.21 Rhizosolenia calcar avis... 5° N.—48°(58)N. 19.4 34.77. M. pew ACUMATIMA, |. ooo seucothe 4° S.—80°N. 144 34.73 R. rpeSCUIS ORE, .c:.7 yaaa 7° N.—41°N. _ — Re mr UbSOlel i... -teceees 18° N.—64°N. 12.6, oD:04, eves Peel: Ree SLOllertOLhnie eee 10° N.—64° N. 14.3 35.06 North. P. Stephanopyxis turgida .. 5° $.—51°N. 13.7 34.83 Streptotheca thamesis .. 45° N.—58°N. 10.2 35.52 Some of these species go very far to the south, even to the Gulf of Guinea. They enter the plankton above the 200 metre plateau, west of the European Continent, and arrive in the spring and the summer through the English Channel into the south part of the North Sea. The same kind of plankton also moves west of the British Islands towards Scotland. There are some few Baltic forms among these species. lll. Desmo-plankton. This kind is the prevailing one in the whole of the tropical Atlantic, in the southern hemisphere between Africa and 5S. America and in the Equatorial Current. The average space it occupied in the northern hemisphere was to the left of a line drawn from Cape Verde to the Newfoundland Banks, but the extension of this area was very different at different seasons. In the winter the northern limit was at about 35° N., but in May it had advanced beyond 40°, nearly to 45° N. In November the limit had retired below 40° N., but the region had moved eastwards, so that Desmo-plankton was found in November 1898 off the Canaries and Gibraltar. PLANKTON-TYPES., DESMO-PLANKTON., 21 The Desmo-plankton is very rich in species, as will be seen from the following list. Desmo-plankton. Lucifer Reynaudii Acartia negligens ............ Calanus minor Ores (MUN AETS 2 et ok xh Calocalanus pavo............ Candace ethiopica Centropages violaceus ... Clausocalanus furcatus ... Copilia’ mirabilis ......... Coryexus longicaudis C., SVE GHBSIIS foe oo on sonss- Eucheta marina Miracia efferata Oithona plumifera .. ...... Oncwea media ................. Paracalanus aculeatus ... Pontellina plumata Sapphirina gemma Scolecithrix Danie ......... Setella gracilis ............... Velella spirans ..... Codonella cassis [Ag E73) 1170 2 he ee a Cyttarocylis acuminata ... Ree ATU A ool seth oat 2 Ca E111 a Gay SOR aie. «sie eek, Undella Claparedii ......... Acrospheera spinosa Amphilonche belonoides. Pi COG seh a a OMIA Jaret. 2 26s. sty (Tropical oceanic species.) D. 26° 33° 20° 25° 6° 26° 25° 6° 25° 30° 26° “Ae 33° ao 12 35° 36° 18° are 0° 21° 20° 29° 19° Mean Limits tempe- rature 5.—33° N. 24.6 S.—36°N. 22.6 S.—40°N. 20.5 5.—40° N. 24.4 S.—40°(56)N. 22.2 3° N.—40° N. 22.7 S.—44°N. 22.1 S.—40°N. 23.9 S.—36° N. 24.3 S.—45°N. 25.3 S —40°(50)N. 243 5.—30°(50)N. 24.6 5.—42° N.. 24.6 S. —40°(66)N. 21.s S.—47°N. 22.2 S.—41°N. 23.9 S.—38°N. 25.8 S.—11°N. 26.2 S.—34°N. 25.6 5.—47°N. 24.5 5S.—61°N. S.—45°(50)N. 19.86 S.--52°(60)N. 20.27 5S. —5O° N. 22.6 5.—d0° N 23.3 S.—48°N 21.2 5.—56° N 19.3 5.—b0°N. 20.73 S.—40°(50)N. 215 S.—57°N. 19.5 > N.—44°N, 24.7 S.—40°(50)N. 21.6 Mean salinity 39.70 36.19 36.00 39.69 36.09 O utside the Atlantic I, M ww Fs Bh fae a ae A. tetraptera Callimitra Emme............ Collosphera Huxley) ...... Diploconus fasces Eucyrtidium tropezianum Hexalaspis heliodiscus ... Hymeniastrum Euclidis... Lithostrobus botryocystis Lychnaspis Giltschii ...... Pterocanium preetextum. Quadrilonche crux Siphonosphera cyathina. RUMSOC TALIS ag. cok rc ye tee ues Stylodictya arachnia ...... Tessaraspis arachnoides . Theoconus zancleus ...... Theopilium tricostatum... Pulvinulina Menard. ...... Amphisolenia palmata ... BAC SUSI ER: Mere en ete cc: Ceratium arcuatum ........ C. eandelabrum............... PMC OMCOTEUMM, cogs coat MICIIEVAGOIMNG 05.2 ;2 2% 5. uUSUS Veo eXteNSA /.:...... . flagelliferum ............... Shy 2d 2 OCC) 01 00 Nn iol IU aUUTI Dassen em . ranipes PEN OPUS ad TA een scr aon PiU UCP Ee atrenpe castes 202° Ceratocorys horrida Cladopyxis brachiolata ... Goniodoma acuminatum. Gonyaulax Jolliffei Histioneis magnifica ...... Peridinium elegans......... QP PRE OTe tease’ PLANKTON-TYPES. Limits 24° S.— 40° (56)N. 14° S.—83°N. 26° S.—5O°N. 29° S.— 35°N. 921° S,—45°N.. 24° S,—39°N. 21° S.—41°N, 91° S.— BOON. 91° S,—41°N. 91° S.—384°(47)N. 26° S.—36°N. 21° S.—41°N. 21° S,—43°N. 21° SBN. 26° S.—36°N. 7° N.—-49° N. 21° S-56° N, 38° S.—11°N. 19° S.—42°N, 91° S.—32°N. 35° S —5O°N. 35° S.—5O°N. 26° S.—44°N. 26° §.—45°N. 19° S.—BO°N. 29° S.—45°N. 26° S.—49° N. 17° S.—36°N. 10° N.—49° N. 26° S.—44°N. 91° S—45°N, 21° S —45°(50)N. 18° S.—5O°N. 35° S.—60°N. 26° S.—43°N. 29° S,—_ 44°N, 21° S_47°N, DESMO-PLANKTON, Mean tempe- rature IY aa.2 26.3 22.3 23.2 23.5 22.8 24..9 18.3 24.7 25.2 25.4 22.8 DD) igeovas 20.9 24.4 24:.9 Bel 23.00 24.4 22.5 20.4 O22 25.6 21.6 PA 22.9 22.4 20.9 21.2 21.9 24.4 23'5 22.7 Pape e 23.2 22.8 23.8 Mean salinity 35.89 36.42 35.96 36.29 36.13 36.45 35.75 ai vey 36.06 36 20 36.40 36.68 36.38 36.56 36.19 39.88 3)D.87 35.52 36.22 36.41 BD 5s 35.69 35.69 3)D.77 36.01 36.00 35.99 36.21 36.11 36.19 35.60 3D 78 3D.94 35.98 36.17 36 12 35.84 Outside the Atlantic MevEy PLANKTON-TYPES. DESMO-PLANKTON, PE Mean Outside Limits tempe- Mean the rature Salinity Atlantic Phalcroma cuneus ......... 3° S.—40° N. 22g. oO.ao, Me I. Pe) dorypnorumy ...3.5.......5 0 LS.—D7ON. 22.0 35.06 M. R. I. Po Hindmarehit..:2...:....... 9° N.—34°N. 24.2 36.27 READE 2oGoet eid viecsceee sss. 20° S.—42° N. 213° 35.80 South P. P. operculatum........0...... 17° $:—47°N. 22a 36.28 M. KR. 1 Podolampas bipes............. 16° S.—53°N. oo ~ oone Mo Ra Pe P. palmipes... Hu... 20°5.—68°N. 19s « 25.40 MSR. LP: Pyrophacus Remon, 20° S.—66°N. 23.5 35.79 M. I. P. steiniella mitra.:.. <....-2: 7° N.— 42°N. 22.2 3582 M. Pyrocystis fusiformis ..... 29° S.—44°N. 21.5 35.40 P. pseudonoctiluca ......... 25° S.— 40°(60)N. 23.388 35.03 R. I. P. Asterolampra marylandica 9° N.—36°N. 24.4 3619 R. I. JF 120711 be Rie a ae 2 i= 39° N: PAT | Wes | OF ae (e Cheetoceros peruvianus... 21° 8.—48°N. 216 360 M.R.I.P. C.coarcratuse: ©... 425. 25° S.—47° N. 254, pana yl: C. tetrastichon ............... 10° N.—46° N. 23.1 36.16 M. Climacodium biconcavum 26° §.—42°N. 24.5 30.01 M. R. C. Frauenfeldianum...... 12°05 :-—42° N. 2D.4.> DOs Ea lee Hemiaulus Hauckiil......... 24° 5.—4b° N. 23.4%. dOs5ue Me bP Es -HOMDERON oe. 02s agate 6° IN. — 26° N. 24.3 36.01. -Mi RoE P: Rhizosolenia acuminata... 35° S.—40°N. 2a.6) 0,18. Minis Re Castracanel’........s. 35° S.—48°N. 20tiee lapee7, MM. leichedeaminn Thiebeultii 26°. S:—b92N: 24.5 abe M.-L It appears from the above list that the animal plankton is re- presented by a considerable number of copepoda, tintinnodea and radiolaria. The phytoplankton is poor in diatoms, in respect to both the number of species and the number of individuals, the bulk of it being represented by Trichodesmium, Pyrocystis and various dino- flagellates. Most of the species of the Desmo-plankton go far to the south and as a rule to 40° or 50° N. Nevertheless, some species may occasionally and as rare specimens drift together with the Styli- lankton still farther northwards, or to about 60° N. Most of thed species of the Desmo-plankton occur besides in the Mediterranean, many of them also in the Pacific and the Indian Ocean. Ne aS PLANKTON-TYPES, TROPICAL NERITIC PLANKTON. The temperature of the water that contains Desmo-plankton is high, above 20°, and the salinity 36 p. m. or more. The coast regions of the tropical Atlantic are characterized by a number of more or less brackish species, of which I give the following list: Tropical neritic plankton. J. Mean Outside Taare tempe- Mean the rature Salinity Atlantic ‘Temora stylifera ............. 37° 5.—42°N. 22.6 34.93 M. I. Ae CUMbiatae yer ois. tee. to: 6° S.—18° N. 21.00 . ZO20 P: Asterionella notata ......... 18° N.—40°N. 22.8 . 00.57 M. Biddulphia chinensis ... .. 7° N.—10°N. B70: yoebasod we Sas Cheetoceros (didym. v.) lONSICPUTIS) 600.4 oe eee aN: LT ree 3 Yo) es 2 ea Ce eCIVerSUS,. ico. ise eee 29° S.—40°N. PAS enlist [eae Be Ce ROVE =). 053... ae. 7° N.—12°N. 26 5 Coscinodiscus nobilis ... .. 5° S$ —6° S. 26.8 27.11 Dityinm, Sol: eee 10°N. ye ais 05 ae (oe Nitzschia pungens ......... 7° N.—10°N. ZO bie SOs0t 7 lacks Rhizosolenia cylindrus ... 3° N.—42°N. 25.3 34.95 RR: COU Usa Manette oS. SOIN, ilo etdcon te Ma ge Skeletonema tropicum .. 29° S.—10°N. 2).8 . 3027 I call the kind of plankton constituted by these species Tropical neritic plankton (Sign. Nt.) Some of the species falling under that kind have a very wide range of distribution, i. e. have been found off Australia, in the Malay Archipelago ete. bo or APPENDICULARIA—FRITILLARIA Appendicularia. In many samples appendicularia occured, but their bad state of preservation and the difficulty of examining them induced me to give up attempting to identify them, with the exception of the easily recognized Fritillaria borealis. FRITILLARIA BOREALIS Loum. (Ergebnisse d. Plankton Expedition, D. Appendicularien pag. 49). 1898 May: Farées. July: 78° N. 3° W. (deep sea haul. Auriv.) August: Spitzbergen; Beeren Island; area between 76° N. 12° E., 78° N. 10°—33° E. and 81° N. 23° E. (Auriv.) September: 74°—76° N. 19°—13° E. (Auriv.) 1899 March and April: Fiarées. May: Fiarées to 59° N. 2° E.; 50° N. 33° W.; off Newfoundland. sanes. Ot, Ns th... to. 727 N.i18> EB. PL pil, N. Sa0-Hs: 74°. Ne 21s. W: September: 74°—77° N. 18°—14° E. Temperature: 3.5 to 9.9, exceptionally 22. Salinity: about 34, max. 35.46, min. 32.27. Plankton-type. Noted from the Strait of Magellan (Loxm.), Smiths Sound, Davis’s Strait, Newfoundland, Irminger Sea, North Sea, Skagerak, Kiel (Aurtvintius). Gulf of Finland (LevAnperR) — 7. 26 PTEROPODA—CLIO, CLIONE, LIMACINA Pteropoda. CLIO (CRESEIS) CONICA Escu. (Pelseneer: Rep. Challeng. Pteropoda pag. 50, Pl. Il f. 1.) 1898 March: 3° N. 16° W. common. Temperature: 28.2. Salinity: 34s. Plankton-type. Found in the Pacific, Mediterranean, and off Brazil. — D. or Nt. CLIONE LIMACINA Puirps.! (G. O. Sars: Mollusca regionis arctice Norvegie pag. 332, Pl. XXIX fig. 4. Clio borealis Vanhéffen. Grén]. Exp. Fauna u. Flora Pl. Il. fig. 6.) 1898 July: 58° N. 36° W. August: N. of Spitzbergen. September: 74° N. 19° E. 1899 June: 74° N. 14° W. July: 71°—72° N. 21°—22° W. August: 71° N. 23° W. Temperature: 3.s, mean of 3 obs., max. 9.8, min. —-0.5. Salinity: 31.07, mean of 3 obs., max. 35.14, min. 28.01. Plankton-type. This species is found in the Bering Sea (Krause), off W. Greenland, from Labrador to Massachusetts Bay and in the area between Lofoten—Spitzbergen and Novaja Semlja, in the White Sea and Kara Sea, off Scotland and in the Skagerak. — Ng. LIMACINA HELICINA Puirprs.' (G. O. Sars Mollusca region. arct. Norvegize 1878 pag. 328, Pl. XXIX fig. 1.) 1898 July: 58° N. 44° W.; 78° N. 3° W.; Spitzbergen. August: N. of Spitzbergen. 1899 June: 74° N. 14° W. (haul from 25 metres). ' Ostenfeld’s data used. PTEROPODA—LIMACINA. 27 July: 71°—74° N. 22°—18° W., rare. August: 71°—72° N. 23°—16° W., rare to common. c ? September: 71° N. 15° W., very common. Temperature: 4.2, mean of 3 obs., max. 7.1, min. 1.1. Salinity: 29.00 to 31.51. Plankton-type. This arctic species has been found off Alaska and the Aleutian Islands, in Baffins Bay from 78° N., off Labrador, at Jan Mayen, from Spitzbergen to Northern Norway and in the White Sea. The most southern points where it has been found are, according to H. Munrue (Bih. till K. Sv. Vet. Akad. Handl. Vol. XIil. 4. no 2 pag. 5), 38° N. 72° W. and 35° N. 43° W. — WNoq. LIMACINA RETROVERSA (FLem.)! (Spirialis balea: G. O. Sars. Moll. reg. arct. Norvegie pag. 329 Pl. XXIX fig. 2, 3.) 1898 1899 February: 45° N. 49° W. April: 59° N. 33° W. to Cape Farewell and thence to 62° N. HOPS Wiv43° N. 50° W. ‘to 49° N. 31° W. May: area between 58° N. 45° W., 61° N. 20° W., 59° N. 16° W. and 57° N. 34° W. June: 57° N. 38° W.; Westmanna 6; 60° N. 3° W. July: area between the Fardes, 5S. Iceland, 57° N. 47° W. and 5O- N23 Wis’ 3a NP 74 W. August: area between the Shetlands, S.E. Iceland and 62° N. 18° W.; 66°—62° N. 56° W. September: area between the Shetlands, the Fiarées, 65° N. 36° W. and 60° N. 26° W.; 59° N. 50° W. to 60° N. 55° W. and thence to 66° N. 55 W.; 71° N. 20° E. October: area between the Shetlands, 64° N. 21° W. and 59° No21° Wis..b7°. N.. 27° W. to 57°_N.-42°, W. and: thence-to G2>N: 568 We November: 63° N. 19° W. to 62° N. 8° W. December: 64° N. 21° W. to 61° N. 6° W.; 46° N. 50° W. January: 41° N. 69° W. September: 56° N. 30° W. common. ' Ostenfeld’s data for Spirialis used. 28 PTEROPODA—LIMACINA Temperature: 7.0, mean of 48 obs., max. 14, min. 0, excep- tionally 27. Salinity: 35.12, mean of 40 obs., max. 35.94, min. 32.01. Plankton-type. The principal area of distribution is between Greenland, Iceland and the Shetlands, whence it spreads into the Skagerak and follows the coast of Norway to Finmark. It also enters Davis’s Strait and follows the southward current along the Newfoundland Banks to Massachusetts Bay. It has, according to Aurivitiius, been noted S. of Ireland, in the Bay of Biscay and at the Azores, but these statements are, according to PELSENEER, erroneous or doubtful. It also occurs in the southern hemisphere, round Cape Horn (H. Muntue) — T.- MACRURA—LUCIFER, PONTOPHILUS. 29 Maerura. LUCIFER REYNAUDII M. Epw. (Bate: Rep. on the macroura collect. by H. M. 8. »Challenger> 1888 pag. 466 Pl. LXXXIV.) 1898 January: 35° N. 74° W. February: 5° 8. 4°—8° E. March: 3° N. 16° W. June: 33° N. 48° W. ~ September: 33° N. 16° W. November: 26° S. 30° W. Temperature: 24.6, mean of 7 obs., max. 28.2, min. 20.9. Salinity: 35.70, mean of 5 obs., max. 36.80, min. 34. Plankton-type. Found in the Indian and Pacific, the S. and N. Equatorial current, Guinea current, Florida current and the Sar- gasso Sea -— D. PONTOPHILUS NORVEGICUS M. Sars. (Determination by G. O. Sars.) 1899 September: 61° N. 1° E., haul from 50 metre. Temperature: 9.9. Salinity: 35.45. Plankton-type. This species belongs only in its young state to the oceanic plankton and occurs off the east coast of N. America, off the Norwegian coasts and in the area between Finmark and Beeren Island — Ns.? 30 SCHIZOPODA—BOREOPHAUSIA, CYNTHILIA, EUPHAUSIA Schizopoda. BOREOPHAUSIA INERMIS (Kroéyer). (Determination by G. O. Sars.) 1898 July: 78° N. 1° E.—3° W. (deep sea hauls. Auriv.) August: 78° N. 10° E. (deep sea hauls. Auriv.) September: 76° N. 15° E. (deep sea haul. Auriv.) 1899 July: 72° N. 22° W.; 71° N. 21° W., haul from 225 metres. September: 67° N. 3° W., hauls from 300 and 167 metres; 63° N. 1° E., haul from 50 metres. Temperature: 3.14, mean of 3 obs., max. 8.8, min. —O.s. Salinity: 35.00, mean of 3 obs., max. 35.46, min. 34.71. Plankton-type. [ound along the E. coast of North America, off Greenland, Spitzbergen and Finmark (G. O. Sars) — 7. CYNTHILIA THOMPSONII (M. Kpw.) (Determination by G. O. Sars.) 1899 June: 24° S. 6° E. Temperature: 19.6. Salinity: 35.7. Plankton-type. Found in the N. and 8. Atlantic, Pacific (G. O. Sars) — S. or D. EUPHAUSIA GRACILIS Dana. (Determination by G. O. Sars.) 1898 March: 3° 30' N. 16° W. Temperature: 28.2. Salinity: 34.s6. Plankton-type. Found in the tropical Atlantic and the Paci- fic — Nt?, D?. SCHIZOPODA—EUPHAUSIA, NYCTIPHANES, THYSANOESSA. ’ od EUPHAUSIA PELLUCIDA Dana. (Determination by G. O. Sars.) 1898 Oktober: 37°—39° N. 27°—21° W. 1899 May: 25° S. 7° E. Temperature: 17.9, mean of 3 obs., max. 20, min. 14.6. Salinity: 36.0;, mean of 3 obs., max. 36.26, min. 39.77. Plankton-type. According to G. O. Sars this species is »cos- mopolitan» — S? NYCTIPHANES NORVEGICUS (M. Sars.) (Determination by G. O. Sars.) 1899 September: 67° N. 3° W.; 62° N. 1° E. (deep sea hauls from 500 and 50 metres); 61° N. 1° E., hauls from 50 and 100 metres. Temperature: («. Salinity: 35.10. Plankton-type. Found in Massachusetts bay, off Ireland, Scotland, the Shetlands, Norway, SW. of Spitzbergen, Jan Mayen (836 metre), in the Bay of Biscay and off the coast of Portugal (AuRIviLLivs). — 7. THYSANOESSA GREGARIA G. O. Sars. (Determination by G. O. Sars.) 1899 October: 56° N. 23° W. Temperature: 12. Salinity: 35.14. Plankton-type. This species has a very wide range of distri- bution. It is known to exist in the N. Atlantic, S. and E. of Buenos Ayres, in the region between Patagonia and the Falklands Is- lands, 5. of the Cape of Good Hope, 8. Pacific, N. Pacific to Japan and in the Mediterranean. —? THYSANOESSA LONGICAUDATA Kroyer. (Determination by G. O. Sars. 1898 February: 48° N. 41° W., common. March: 51° N. 27° W., common. April: 43° N. 50° W., common. October : 56° N. 29° W. 32 SCHIZOPODA—-THYSANOESSA, THYSANOPODA. 1899 March: 66° N. 22° W. May: 67° N. 16° W. June: 64° N. 0° E. and 67° N. 3° W., deep sea hauls, from 200 metres. July: 53° N. 42° W. August: 56° N. 23° W.; 52° N. 53° W. September: 67° N. 3° W. (haul from 500 metres); 62° N. 1°E. (hauls from 50 and 25 metres); 56° N. 24° W.; 53° N. 51° W. October: area. between 56° N. 23° W., 51° N. 34° W. and 54° N. 45° W. November: 51° N. 34° W. Temperature: 6.0, mean of 5 obs, max. 10.2, min. O.s. Salinity: 34.31, mean of 5 obs., max. 35.46, min. 34.24. Plankton-type. Found off Finmark and Greenland (G. O. Sars). Nansen collected it in the Polar Basin, 80°—85° N. 134° to 11° E. — 7. THYSANOPODA TRICUSPIDATA M. Epw. (Determination by G. O. Sars ) 1897 December: 12° N. 50° W. 1898 March: 3° 30' N. 16° W. Temperature: 26.5 and 28... Salinity: 34.s6 (one obs.). Plankton-type. Found in the tropical Atlantic and the Paci- fic (G. O. Sars) — Nt? D? 1898 1899 AMPHIPODA—-EUTHEMISTO, PARATIMISTO 33 Am phipoda. EUTHEMISTO LIBELLULA (Manpr). (G. O. Sars: Crustacea af Norway, Amphipoda pag. 13). June: 78° N. 7° E.; 72° --76° N. 22°— 26° E. July: 78° N. 1° E.—3° W. (deep sea hauls, Auriv.) August: 76°—79° N. 10°—12° E. (deep sea hauls, Auriv.) September: 56° N. 36° W. November: 40° N. 67° W. May: Ta” No 3 W.. June: 66°—68° N. 2° 30'/—11° W., common; 76° N. 9° E. July 72 N. 22° W.5 73°" N, 36°. Eh. August: 73° N. 24° W., rare; 52° N..53° W., rare. September : ‘70° N. 13° W.; 80° N. 13° E. Temperature: 2.9, mean of 11 obs., max. 182, min. —1.s. Salinity: 34,s6, mean of 8 obs., max. 35.12 min. 34.41, excep- tionally 29.5; Plankton-type. Found in the Siberian Polar Sea, off Spitz bergen, Jan Mayen, Greenland. Nansen collected it at 80° N. 134° E. and at 85° N. 25°—11° E. — 7. PARATHEMISTO OBLIVIA (Kr6yeEr). (G. O. Sars: Crustacea of Norway, Amphipoda pag. 10). 1898 February: 45° N. 50° W. June: 69° N. 15° W. July: 78° N. 1° E. (deep sea haul). August: 54° N. 47° W.; 77°—79° N. 12°—10° E. (deep sea hauls). September: 76° N. 13° E.; 72° N. 19° E. (deep sea haul). yes oe 34 AMPHIPODE—PSEUDALIBROTES November: 50° N. 44° W.; 47° N. 41° W.; 40° N. 67° W. December: 45° N. 53° W. 1899: June: 67° Ni 10° Be GOle Ne 132 oW: ie es ORe We July = TAM AO! OW 745 IN. 21° W5 aa Ao WY, September: 69° N. 13° W.; 56° N. 23°—24° W.; 53° N. 51° W. October: 56° N. 30° W. to 54° N. 45° W. November: 51° N. 28° W. Temperature: — 0.s to 6.1 (exceptionally 18). Salinity: 34.15, mean of 8 obs., max. 34.38, min. 32.01. Plankton-type. Nansen collected this species in the Polar Basin, between 80° N. 134° E. and 84° N. 11° E., at 85° N. 76° E. in the surface. It occurs along the coast of Norway, usually in deep water, in the Skagerak and in the Murman Sea, 8. and W. of Green- land. — T. Ng. PSEUDALIBROTES LITTORALIS (Kroyer). (Determination by G. O. Sars.) 1899 August: 73° N. 24° W., rare. Temperature: 2.1. Salinity: 29.57. Plankton-type. Found off Finmarken, Spitzbergen and Franz Josef Land, in the Kara Sea, Siberian polar Sea, off Greenland, Jan Mayen (G. O. Sars Crustacea of Norway 1890—95). — Ng. CLADOCERA—EVADNE 35 Cladocera. EVADNE NORDMANNI Loven.’ (Kongl. Sv. Vetensk. Akad. Handl. 1835 pag. 1, Pl. I, IL.) 1898 April: 50° N. 3° E. May: 48° N. 26° W.; English Channel; Faroes, common ; Shet- lands to Norway, 58°—60° N. 3°—5d° E. June: 48° N. 17° W.; S. of Iceland; Farées; Scotland to the Shetlands and to Norway (62° N. 2° 30! E.). July: W. and S. of Iceland; 59°—62° N. 23°—0° W. August: S. of Iceland; between Iceland and the Fardes; Shet- lands to the E. of Scotland. September: Fiarées; N. of Scotland; between Ireland and Rockall; 72° N. 19° E. 1899 May: 51° N. 14° W., very rare; 60° N. 3° W. to 58° N. 9° E. as a rule very common. June: 51° N. 20° W., rare; 62° N. 2° E., common. July: 62° N. O° W., not common. August: 72°—73° N. 26°—31° E.; 56° N. 23° W. to 55° N. 9° W., not rare. September: 68° N. 6° W.; 56° N. 17 W., common. Temperature: 9.7, mean of 8 obs., max. 12.s, min. 8 (only such samples considered as contained this species abundantly). Salinity: 34.49, mean of 7 obs., max. 35.47, min, 31.ss. Plankton-type. Found in the Gulf of Guinea, the Farde Chan- nel and on the Newfoundland Banks (Hansen, Ergebn. d. Plankton Exp. G. d. pag. 9), in the North Sea and the whole Baltic (AurtviL- tus). It seems to have the same distribution in the Eastern and Northern Atlantic as other forms of the Styli-type, advances to Ice- land and through the Firée Channel into the North Sea and towards 1 Ostenfeld’s data used. 36 CLADOCERA—EVADNE the coast of Norway, whence rare specimens may drift at least to 73° N. in the Murman Sea. — S. EVADNE SPINIFERA P. KE. Mit. (Naturh. Tidskr. 3:dje Rekke Vol. V, 1868, Pl. VI, fig. 11—13.) 1898 April: 28° N. 47° W. May: 26° N. 42° W. to 31° N. 36° W. June: 29° N. 36° W.; 31°—32° N. 50°—48° W.; 31° N. 17° W; 35° N. 20° W.; Azores;. 44° N. 9° W. July: Azores; 39° IN: 2" i. August: Azores; 49° N. 12°—14° W; 59° N. 2° W. to 58° N. a ve September: 18° N. 25° W.; Azores, common; 48° N. 23° W., common; 57° N. 14° W. rare. November: Rio Janeiro; 24° S. 29° W. to 18° S. 31° W. December: 18° N. 67° W. rare. 1899 June: Azores; 24° N. 42° W. October: 52° N. 14° W., rare. Temperature: 20.7, mean of 35 obs., max. 25, min. 10.7. Salinity: 35,30, mean of 26 obs., max. 37.31, min. 30.60. Plankton-type. [Found in the Mediterranean and on the west coast of Australia (HANsEN) in the North Sea, the Skagerak and the Baltic. — S. (D.) EVADNE TERGESTINA Craus. (Determination by W. LILLJEBORG.) 1898 March: 7°—11° N. 15°—19° W.; 7° N. 55° W... common. May: 6°—7° N. 56°—54° W.; 29° N. 39° W. Temperature: 22.2 to 27.s. Salinity: 35.25 to 36.85, exceptionally 32. Plankton-type. This species has been found off Sydney, Auckland, the west coast of Australia, in the Indian Ocean, the Adri- atic and in the Atlantic, in the N. Equatorial Current, the Sargasso Sea and Florida Current. (Hansen: Ergebn. d. Plankton Exp. G, d. pag. 11.) — D. Nt. CLADOCERA—PODON 37 PODON INTERMEDIUS Lities,' (P. E. MiLu. Naturh. Tidskr. 3:dje Rekke, Vol. V 1868, Pl. 5 fig. 22, VI fig. 1— 4.) 1898 April: 50° N. 3° W. July: 59° N. 13° W. August: 56° N. 13° We 61. N..8" W. to 60° N. 3° W.; West- mannado. September : 56°—57° N. 12°--14° W.; 60° N. 4°—3° W.; 70° N. 21° KE. (Auriv.) 1899 August: 54° N. 18° W., not rare. September : 56° N. 17° W., not rare. Temperature: 12.;, mean of 13 obs., max. 14.4, min. 10.2. (According to Aurivitiius 14.) Salinity: in the Atlantic 35.12, mean of 11 obs. max. 35.55, min. 33.80 (in the Skagerak 21, AuRIvILLIus). Plankton-type. This species is found in the Adriatic and Mediterranean, on the west coast of France, off the British Islands, the coast of Norway, in the North Sea, the Skagerak, the Baltic, at least to 63° N. (Hansen, Aurivitiius). Evidently a neritic form of the eastern temperate Atlantic. — Nm. PODON POLYPHEMOIDES Leuckx. (P. minutus de GUERNE. Bull soc. zoo]. de France vol. XII 1887.) 1898 December: 46° N. 50° W. Temperature: 13—14 (AuRIVILLIUs). Salinity: 21 (AurivILuivs). Plankton-type. Found off Auckland, in the Gulf of Guinea, the Mediterranean and Black Sea, off the west coast of France, in the southern North Sea, the Skagerak, the Baltic to 66° N., off Norway to Lofoten (HANsEN, AuriviLLius). Evidently a neritic form living on the eastern coasts of the warmer Atlantic. -— Nm. ’ Ostenfeld’s data used. 38 OSTRACODA—CONCHOECETTA, CONCHOECIA Ostracoda. CONCHOECETTA ACUMINATA Crats. (CLaus: Die Halocypriden des atlant. Oceans und Mittelmeeres. 1891. P. 67. Pl. XII, XIV. Determination by J. GUNNAR ANDERSSON). 1898 March: 42° N. 42° W. Temperature: 16°. Salinity: 36.11. Plankton-type. Found off the Canaries (surface) and Cape Finisterre (depth 1,000 metres). SS CONCHOECIA BISPINOSA C aus. (Ctaus: Die Halocypriden des atlant. Oceans und Mittelmeeres. 1891. P. 59. Pl. V. Determination by J. GuNNAR ANDERSSON). 1898 March: 42° N. 42° W. Temperature: 16°. Salinity: 36.11. Plankton-type. Found off Madeira (surface) and at 38° N. 14° W., depth 1,500 metres. — S. . CONCHOECIA BOREALIS G. O. Sars. (Brapby and Norman. A. Monograph of the marine and freshwater Ostracoda. Part. I. 1896. P. 685—686. Pl. LXI. F. 1—8. C. maxima. F. 9—19. C. borealis. C. maxima Brady & Norman included. Determination by J. GuNNaR ANDERSSON). 1898 July: 78° N. 1° E., haul from 500 metres, not rare; 78° N. 3° W., hauls from 500 metres, not rare, from 2,600 metres, common. August: 77° N. 12° E.; haul from 500 mietres, rare; 80° aN: 10° E., haul from 500 metres, very rare. OSTRACODA—CONCHOECIA, MICROCONCHOECIA 39 1899 June: 67° N. 3° W., haul from 200 metres, rare, from 500 metres not rare. July: 71° N. 21° W., haul from 200 metres, very rare. Temperature: 1 to 2.5. Salinity: 35.05. Plankton-type. Found in deep water at 63° N. 5° E—5° W., along the coast of Norway and at Spitzbergen. Nansen collected it in the Polar basin, between 78° N. 136° E. and 84° N. 11° E., and at 85° N. 76° E. at the surface. — T? CONCHOECIA ELEGANS G. O. Sars. (Brapy and Norman. A. Monograph of the marine and freshwater Ostracoda. Part. Il, 1896 pag. 684. Pl. LXV, fig. 11—22. Determination by J. GuNNAR ANDERSSON). 1898 July: 78° N. 3° W., rare in hauls from 2,600 and 500 metres. August: 77° N. 12° E., very rare in a haul from 500 metres; 80° N. 10° E., rare in a haul from 400 metres. 1899 June: 67° N. 3° W., haul from 500 metres. July: 74° N. 18° W., haul from 250 metres. September: 67° N. 3° W., haul from 500 metres. Temperature: O.« to 1». Salinity: 35.10 to 35.12. Plankton-type. Found in deep water in Drébakfjord, off Lofoten, in Loch Etive (W. Scotland) and at 38° N. 14° W. (Aurivitutus). — T. MICROCONCHOECIA CLAUSII G. O. Sars. (CLaus. Die Halocypriden des atlant. Oceans und Mittelmeeres 1891 pag. 73. Pl. XX- Determination by J. GUNNAR ANDERSSON). 1898 March: 42° N. 42° W. 1899 April: 40° N. 16° W. Temperature: 16° to 15°. Salinity: 56.11 to 36.01. Flankton-type. Found in the Mediterranean and off the Canaries (450—500 metres). — S. 40 OSTRACODA—PARACONCHOECIA PARACONCHOECIA OBLONGA Cats. (CLaus: Die Halocypriden des atlant. Oceans und Mittelmeeres, 1891, pag. 63. Pl. VIII, F. 10—11. Pl. IX. Determination by J. GuNNAR ANDERSSON). 1898 March: 42° N. 42° W. July: 38° N. 74° W. Temperature: 24.6 to 16. Salinity: 36.11 to 34.07. Plankton-type. Found between Madeira and Portugal. — S. COPEPODA—ACARTIA 41 Copepoda. ' ACARTIA BIFILOSA Giessr. 1898 February: 6° 5. 12° E (mouth of the Congo), common. Temperature: 26.2. Salinity: 20.29. Plankton-type. Noted from the North Sea, the Skagerak (salinity 30.34, temp. 1.s6) and the Baltic (salinity 4). — Nm (and Nt)? ACARTIA CLAUSII Gressr. 1898 March: Azores; 60° to 63° N. 4° to 2° E. April: Azores to 49° N. 18° W. and 50° N. 3° W.; 58° N. 2° W. May: 49° N. 14° W.; Farées to Norway, 58°—64° N. 6° E. June: Azores to 46° N. 24° W.; coast of Portugal to Cape Finisterre; Firées to Norway, 62° N. 2° 30' E. to 67° N. 10° 30’ E. July: Azores; SW. of Ireland, 50° N. 10°—11° W.; Faroes, Shetlands. August: 49° N. 20° W. to 56° N. 13°—28° W.; round Scotland to 60° N. 3° E.; S. of Iceland. September: 30° N. 34° W.; Engl. Channel; 56° N. 28°—12° W., N. of Iceland; between Scotland and the Shetlands; 71° N. 20° E. October: 56° N. 10°—31° W.; Fiarées. November: Engl. Channel; 55°—56° N. 14°—30° W., Fires. December: Firées. 1899 January: Faroes. Anrit: ar N: 9° W: 1 The only literature used, when not stated otherwise, is W. GIESBRECHT Systematik und Faunistik der pelagischen Copepoden des Golfes von Neapel- Berlin 1892. 4:0. 42 COPEPODA—ACARTIA May: 58°—59° N. 2° W.; 57°—58° N. 3°—9° KE. June: 64° N. 7° W., 62° .N. 2° E. July: 62° N20" W. to 58° N. 6° E.; 56° N. 15° W. common. August: 55° N. 9° W. to 55° N 26° W., very common. September: 72° N. 19° E.; 56° N. 12°—24° W., very common. October; 56° N. 15° W., very common; 52° N. 14° W., rare. November: 51° N. 13° W., rare. Temperature: 11.1, mean of 27 obs., max. 172, min. 8. (Only such samples considered as contained this species abundantly). Salinity: 35.20, mean of 27 obs., max. 36.58, min. 31.62. Plankton-type. Noted from the Mediterranean. The area of distribution is between the Azores, Gibraltar the Fiérdes and about 56°.N. 30° W. Thence it drifts into the North Sea and follows the coast of Norway to about 70° or 74° N. (Aurivitiits). On the other hand it advances to Iceland (July), goes round that Island and was found in September at the north side. — S. ACARTIA DANZ Giespr. 1898 March: 39° N. 29° W.; 43° N. 41° W. May: 38° N. 21° W. June: 39° N. 39° W. October: Azores. November: Azores, 34° N: 10° W., 49° N. 28° W. 1899 January: 34° N. 12° W. Nags 30° S; 11° KE. Temperature: 17.6, mean of 10 obs., max. 24, min. 12. Salinity: 35.97, mean of 9 obs., max. 36.61, min. 39.32 Plankton-type. Noted from the Pacific and the Cape Verde Islands. In the northern hemisphere the distribution is essentially eastern, 34°—49° N. 12°—14° W. It occurs in the Benguela cur- rent. — S. ACARTIA LONGIREMIS (LIises.) 1898 May: Farées; 58° N. 6° E. to 64°. N. 6° E. June and July: Faroes. August: Fardes; 58° N. 5° E. — we COPEPODA—ACARTIA September: Fiirées; 62° N. 6° W. October to December: Fiirées. 1899 January and February: Fires. March: 66° N. 20° W. May: 66° N. 22°—24° W.; round the Faroes; 58° N. 3°--9° E. June: Q2> (NN, /1°..E. Temperature: 7.3, mean of 16 obs., max. 12, min. 1.5. Salinity: 33.09, mean of 15 obs., max. 35.27, min. 30.62. Plankton-type. This species occurs in the spring N. of Iceland, towards E. Greenland, the whole year at the Fiardes, along the coast of Norway, at Spitzbergen, in the North Sea, the Skagerak and in the Baltic to Aland. It was found by Nansen at 78° N. 136° E. The above numbers for the temperature and salinity relate to the Atlantic only. It occurs in the Baltic in water of 6 p. m. salinity. iat Ns . ACARTIA MACROPUS (C1. (K. Vetensk..Akad. Handl. Vol. XXXIV nso 1, pag. 3. Pl. 1, fig. 1—7). 1898 August and September: Azores, rare. Temperature: 21.2 to 21.4. Salinity: 36.25 to 36.28. Plankton-type. — DL? ACARTIA NEGLIGENS Dana. 1898: March: 25° N.. 41° W.; 26° N. 39° W, April: 27> N,, 75°. W.; 36°: N. 74°°W. Mint be DO° We 26° N. be? W.532° NN. 37-—ab" W,. June: 19° N. 63° W. to 36° N. 44° W.; Azores. July and August: Azores. September: 15° N. 49°’ W:; 17°-N.:48° -W:; 20° N. 45 W.; 35° N. 30° W. October: 26° N. 76° W.; Azores. November: 19° N. 58° W.; 22° N. 53° W.; Azores. December: 19° N. 58° W. #999 Miay>39°).5x, 163, E))\ to, 25°, (S.- 72. B.;:.35°, N.. 73° “W. Wimes 19° Sv O° Wi. 16° N2<50? VW. — te COPEPODA—ACARTIA, ANOMALOCERA, CALANUS Temperature: 22.6, mean of 35 obs., max. 28, min. 17.1. Salinity: 36.19, mean of 29 obs., max. 36.98, min. 35.22. Plankton-type. ‘This species is found in the Pacific and the Mediterranean. In the southern hemisphere it occurs west of S. Africa and in the northern from the Azores, across the Sargsso Sea, to the north of South America and in the Antilles» and Florida currents. — D. ACARTIA TONSA Dana. 1898 March: 7° N. 55° W., rare. Temperature: 26.6. Salinity: 31.s2. Plankton-type. Noted from Australia (Port Jackson) and the west coast of South America, between Valparaiso and Callao. — Nr. ANOMALOCERA PATERSONII Temptr. 1898 Wage ole Netw. July: 59° N. 2° E. September: 70°—73° N. 21°—19° E. (Aurivituius). 1899) July: G2° N. 0° E. to 58° N. 6°-E. Temperature: 11.5, mean of 12 obs., max. 16, min. 7.9. Salinity: 34.17, mean of 12 obs., max. 35.49, min. 29.64. Plankton-type. This species is not oceanic, but belongs to the coasts of the temperate Atlantic, the Engl. Channel, Scotland, the North Sea and the Skagerak, where it enters the Tripos-plankton. — Nm. Tp. CALANUS BREVICORNIS Lussock. 1898 March: 14°—18° N. 18° W. Temperature: 20 to 22. Plankton-type. Noted from the Indian Ocean (east of Africa) west of the Cape of Good Hope, Gulf of Guinea and Gibraltar, and besides at Rio Janeiro. — S? Nt? COPEPODA—CALANUS 40 CALANUS FINMARCHICUS (Guyvy.) 1898 February: 45° N. 50° W., very common; 50° N. 0° W. March: round Ieeland; Denmarks Sound; between — Ice- land and the Firées; Fiardes; 59° N. 1° E.; 44° N. 45° W. to 40° N. 70° W., very abundant on the whole route; N. and S. of the cra April: 74° N. 5° W., rare; S. of Iceland to the Farées; N. of Scotland; me N. 31° Se. tor ooo’ NS 748 Wer N: of the Azores to the Engl, Channel and 8. of Ireland. May: 71° N. 15° W. to 68° N. 17° W., rare; Vestmannaé, common; Fir6ées, very common; Shetlands, not abundant; coast of Norway from 58° N. 6° E. to 65° N. 9° E., rare to common; 50° N. 7° W., Fs. rare; 49° N. 11° W.; 48° N. > 'W.; 46° i 38° W. to 40° N. 72° W., on the whole very common. June: Denmarks Sound; Fiarées, common; Shetlands, rare to common; 62° N. 2° 30' E.; along the coast of Norway, from 60° N. to Tromsée and E.: of Spitzbergen (77° N. 27° E,), very common from 66° to 77° N.; 47° N. 33° W.; 45° N. 23° W.; 45° N. 41° W. July: N. and E. of Iceland, common; 8. of Iceland, rare; Farées, rare; 62° N. O°—1° W., not rare to common; 57°— 58° N. 1°—6° E., not rare; 48° N. 6° W.; 48° N. 14° W., not rare. August: N..E. and S. of Iceland, common; Fiirdes, not rare NW. of the Hebrides; E. a W. of Spitzbergen, rare to common; 56° N. 34° W. to 54° N. 47° W., more or less scarce. September: N. E. and S. of fens common; N. of the Fiardées, common; Firées, not rare; between Tromsde and Spitz- bergen, not common; 56° N. 28° W. to 53° N. 49° W., as a rule common or very common. October: Vestmanna6é, rare; 59° N. 1° W., not rare; 50° N. 10° W.; 53° N. 51° W., very common. November: Farées, not common; 60° N. 1° W., rare; 51° N. 20° W., not rare; 34°.N. 10° W., SRY rare; 29° N. 19° W., very rare; 48° N. 40° W. to 40° N. 67° W., not rare or common. December: Firées, not rare; Azores, not rare; 47° N. 45° W. to 42° N. 63° W., as a rule common. 46 COPEPODA—CALANUS 1899 January: Firées, rare; 45° N. 49° W. to 43° N. 57° W., more or less common. March: N. and N.E. of Iceland, more or less common; from E. Iceland to the Farées, rare; 44° N. 16° W., very rare; 37° N. 26° W., not rare. April: Vestmannaé, very abundant; Firdes, rare; 37° N. 9° W., rare. May: 66° N. 22° W., rare; 64° N. 12° W., very abundant; Fiirées, very abundant; 60° N. 3° W., very abundant, thence common to 56° N. 1° W.; 58° N. 2° E., not common; 58° Nob? .Eaevery” commons? 51?) Ny 20") and)267 W.,. are: 50° N. 34° W. to 47° N. 50° W., extremely abundant; 41°— 44° N. 17°—15° W. to 39° N. 16° W., more or less rare. June: 75° N. 15° W., not rare at the surface; 74° N. 14° W., very common in a haul from 25 metres; 66°—67° N. 2°— 3° W., rare at the surface; 65°—67° N. 1°—3° W., extremely abundant in hauls from 550 and 500 metres; 62°—60° N. O°—1° E., rare to common and 62° N. 2° E., extremely abundant in the surface; 64°—62° N. O°—1° E., extremely abundant in hauls from 100 and 450 metres; 67° N. 11° E., rare; 70° N. 20° E., not rare. July: 74° N. 18° W., very common in a haul from 280 metres; 72° N. 22° W., very common in a haul from 180 metres; 71° N. 21° W., common in a haul from 260 metres; 62° N. O° W., rare> (79° N. 53°) Ei, rare; 56° N. 15° Wssniot com- mon; 56° N. 38° W. to 51° N. 47° W. (very common at 53°—54° N. 42°—45° W.) August: 73°—72° N. 27°—20° W., common; 80° N. 51° E., not rare; 55° N. 26° W., rare; 54° N. 46° W., rare; 52° N. 53° W., not rare. September: 69°—70° N. 13° W., rare; 69° N. 10° W. to 65° N. 2° W., very common; 65°—62° N. 1° W.—1° E., rare; 63° N. 1° E., very common; 61° N. 1° E., common in a haul from 100 metres; 60° N. 3° E., not rare; 56° N. 12° W. to 54°N. 48° W., rare; 53° N. 51° W. to 52° N. 55° W., common. October: 56° N. 38° W. to 53° N. 48° W., rare. 1 It is worthy of note that it was rare above the western slope of the Wyville-ride, close to the band from Iceland to E. Scotland, where it was so. extremely abundant. COPEPODA—CALANUS 47 November: 51° N. 13° W., rare; 53° N. 43° W. (rare) to 48° N. 46° W. (common) and 47° N. 51° W., (rare). Temperature: 7.;, mean of 50 obs., max. 22, min. 0.2. (Only such samples considered as contained this species abundantly). Solinity: 34.30, mean of 50 obs., max. 33.44, min. 32.19. Plankton-type. This species has a very wide range of distri- bution, according to the compilation of Aurtvitiius (Kongl. Vetensk.- Akad. Handl. Vol. XXX n. 3 pag. 69) in the northern Pacific, off Japan and along the coast of Asia to N. China, in the southern Pacific, 37°—38° S. 133°—149° E. and along the west coast of South America; in the Jndian Ocean, at 35° S. 45° E. In the Atlantic it has been seen in the northern hemisphere as far south as the Canaries. It is besides found in the Mediterranean. {t was collected by Nansen in the Polar Basin between 78° N. 136° E., 85° N. 79° E. and 84° N. 11° E. According to the above statements this species is a characteristic inhabitant of the artic regions, along the coast-banks of Greenland, Iceland, North America etc., from where it drifts by (under-) currents across the Atlantic to the coasts of Europe. In the winter the plankton of these cur- rents comes to the surface. — T. CALANUS GRACILIS Dana. 1898 September: 32° N. 33° W., very rare. Temperature: 25». Salinity: 36.71. Plankton-type. Noted from the Gulf of Guinea, the Canaries, the Mediterranean and central Atlantic; also from Australia and the Philippines. — D. CALANUS HYPERBOREUS Kroyer. 1898 June: 71°—72° N. 21°—23° E. (Auriv.) July: 78° N. 1° E.—3° W. (deep sea hauls, Auriv.) August: 79° N. 10° E. (deep sea hau Auriv.) September: 74° N. 19° E. (Auriv.) 48 COPEPODA—CGALANUS 1899 June: 71°—7b5° N. 8°—15° W., surface, rare; 74° N. 14° W., haul from 25 metres, common; 67° N. 3° W., common be- tween 500 to 100 metres; 65° N. 1° W., 550—500 metres, not rare; 64° N. 0° E., 450 to 100 metres, more or Jees rare. July: 74° N. 18° W., haul from 280 metres, common; 72° N. 92° W., haul from 1!80 metres, common; 71° N. 21° W., common between 260 and 200 metres. Temperature: 2, mean of 11 obs., max. 4, min. —1. Salinity: 34.98, mean of 11 obs., max. 35.03, min. 34.59. Plankton-type. Noted from Baffin’s Bay, Greenland, Jan Mayen, Spitzbergen, Norway and the Skagarak. It was collected by Nansen in the Polar Basin, between 78° N. 136° E., 85° N. 79° E. and 84° N. 11° E.; also at the surface at 84° N. 76° EK. — T. CALANUS MINOR (Craus). 1898 February: Do 5.°9° E.; 26° N. 74° W. March: 14° N. ie Wie 9?” No 59 OW. 407, IN. b625 We May=:6° N. 56° W.; 41° N. 56° W. June; 24°—27° N. 58°—5b°? W.; 36° N. 44° W. August and September: Azores. October: Azores: 38° N. 74° W. November: 26° S. 30° W.; Cape Verde Islands; 26° N. 48° W.; Azores; 48° N. 29° W.; 42° N. 64° W. December: 34° N. 38° W.; Azores. 1899 March: Azores. April: 28°—36° N. 75°—74° W. Mage (32°03. 132) Hi "SbeRN Ob? We June: 24° N. 42° W. Temperature: 205, mean of 39 obs., max. 27.7, min. 11. Salinity: 36.00, mean of 26 obs., max. 37.63, min. 33.11. Plankton-type. This species is found in the Mediterranean, the Indian and Pacific. It occurs in the whole tropical Atlantic from 26° S. in the eastern and 32° S. in the western Atlantic to about 40° (exceptionally 48°) N — DP. COPOPODA—CALANUS 49 CALANUS TENUICORNIS Dana. 1898 November: area between 22° N. 53° W., 26° N. 48° W. and Jon Neaos ve: December: 28° N. 47° W.; 34° N. 28° W. 1899 March: 30° N. 35° W. Temperature: 20.3, mean of 6 obs., max. 25.4, min. 18.5. Salinity: 36.01, mean of 6 obs., max. 37.43, min. 36.59. Plankton-type. Noted from the Pacific, Mediterranean and Gibraltar. — D. CALANUS VULGARIS (Dana). 1898 February: 5° 5. 0° W,; Caribbean Sea. March: 5° S. 4° W. to 23° N. 28° W.; Azores; 7° N. 55° W. Aprils 18° N17? W. May : 20°—23° N. 60°—56° W.; 41° N. 65° W. to 46° N. 38° W. June: 10°-N. 53° W.; 22° N. 60° W. July :, 29°—38° N. 74° W. August: Carribean Sea; 21°—34° N. 74°—73° W.; 41° N 57°58. W. September: 8° N. 25°: W.;, 9° N., 53°, W. to 27° N. 36° W. October: Caribbean Sea; Bahamas; 38° N. 74° W. November: Rio Janeiro; 0°—8° N. 31°—28° W.; Cape Verde Islands; 19°—22° N. 58°—53° W.; 32° N. 38° W. December: 18° N. 67° W. 1899 March: 21° N. 43° W. April: 32°—36° N. 75°—74° W. Sune dN. 23° W.: 12° Nb2> W.; 13°-N..47° W. Temperature: 24.4, mean of 56 obs., max. 28.2, min. 9. Salinity: 35.69, mean of 51. obs., max. 37.51, min. 33.81. Plankton-type. Noted from the whole Pacific, between 8° 5. and 20° N. According to the above statements it occurs over the whole tropical Atlantic to about 40° N., beyond which degree it goes in May — D. 50 COPOPODA—CALOCALANUS, CANDACE CALOCALANUS PAVO (Dana). 1898 Maych: (6° 8.40 W. to. d4° No 20° “Wier2o° No Zon We. ao. N. 28° W.. Azores: 14°17" -N.. 50 —47> WW . "Carrmbean Beas 2 Ne eee Ve Aprils ole an 7a NV: May: area between 11° N. 54° W. and 23° N. 45°—56° W. June: area between 19° N. 63°—35° W. and 25° N. 56° W. July: 24°—26° N. 54°—48° W.; 33° N. 74° W. August: 22°—25° N. 74° W.; 40° N. 66° W. to 44° N. 58° W. September: 23° N. 42° He 20°—29° N. 74° W.; 40° N. 65° Wis: oO? INI35%, Wes wAwores: 5671 Nie T2 aw. October: Azores. November: 8° “N. 282 Wie to A3° Nive. Wis 22 Ne 53° -Weto 26° N. 48° (W.-'32° N: 38° W.; Azores: 56°-N. 26° W: December: 22° N. 56° W.; Azores. 1899 January: Canaries. March: AS WN 45> Wi: 30° N; 35° WeewAzores: April: 36° N. 74° W. SUC aN eae WV: Temperature: 22.3, mean of 61 obs. max. 28, min. 10. Salinity: 36.09, mean of 52 obs., max. 37.51, min. 33.93. Plankton-type. Noted from the Mediterranean and the Pacific. This species occurs in the Gulf of Guinea, follows the Equatorial current into the Caribbean Sea and the Sargasso Sea, the Florida current and goes thence to the Azores and the Canaries. It pro- cedes in August and September beyond 40° N., and rare specimens had in September and November drifted to about 56° N. — D. CANDACE BISPINOSA CLaus. 1898 July and August: 38° N. 74° W. September: 20° N. 45° W. December: 25° N. 52° W.; 34° N. 38° W. Temperature: 23.7, mean of 5 obs., max. 26.4, min. 19.2. Salinity: 35.61, mean of 5 obs., max. 37.17, min. 33.46.. Plankton-type. Noted from the Pacific and the Mediter- ranean | — 97): COPOPODA—CANDACE 51 CANDACE ETHIOPICA Dana. 1897 December and 1898 January: 12° N. 50° W.; 32° N. 33° W.; Azores. March: 3° N. 16° W. to Cape Verde Islands; 9° N. 59° W. to 15° N. 49° W.; 25° N. 41° W. April: Caribbean Sea. June: 10° N. 53° W. August: 34° N. 73° W.; Azores. September: Azores. December: 28°-N. 47° W.; 36°°.N. 34° W. to 40° N. 23° W. 1899 January: 33° N. 15° W. February: 34° N. 40° W. March: Azores. Temperature: 22.;, mean of 24 obs., max. 28.2, min. 14. Salinity: 3606, mean of 18 obs, max. 37.12, min. 34.86. Plankton-type. Noted from the Pacific and the Mediterranean. It occurs in the Atlantic in the Equatorial current, the Caribbean Sea, the Florida current and the Sargasso Sea to the Azores (August to January), in March south of the Cape Verde Islands. — D. CANDACE PACHYDACTYLA Dana. 1898 July: 38° N. 74° W. November: 19° N. 58° W.; 18° N. 25° W. Temperature: 25.3, mean of 3 obs., max. 27.5, min. 24.6. Salinity: 35.02, mean of 3 obs., max. 35.77, min. 34.07. Plankton-type. Noted from the Pacific and the Mediterranean. It occurs in the Atlantic between 18° N. and 18° S. — D. CANDACE PECTINATA Brapy. 1898 May: 50° N. 11° W. September: Azores. 1899 March: 33° N. 32° W. . Temperature: 17.3, mean of 3 obs., max. 21.9, min. 17.4. Salinity: 36.06, mean of 3 obs., max. 36.54, min. 35.4. Plankton-type. This species is noted from the Mediterranean, the Scilly Islands and Scotland. It occurs very rarely, in the North Sea. — S. 52 COPOPODA—CENTROPAGES CENTROPAGES CHIERCHIZ Giess. 1898 May: 41° N. 16° W.; 43° N. 11° W.; 48° N. 25° W. 1899 April: 38° N. 10° W. Temperature: 15, mean of 4 obs., max. 16.4, min. 13.8 Salinity: 35.s1, mean of 4 obs., max. 36.32, min. 35.47. Plankton-type. Noted from Gibraltar. According to the above statements it occurs between the Azores and Portugal. S. CENTROPAGES FURCATUS (Dana). 1898 February: 5° S. 4° E. to 6° S. 12° W. April: 102°N. 52° . We June: 10°" N: 537 We November: Rio Janeiro, abundant. 1899 April: 9° N. 59° W. Temperature: 25.9, mean of 7 obs., max. 27.3, min. 22. Salinity: 31.69, mean of 7 obs., max. 36.01, min. 20.29. Plankton-type. Noted from Banka Straits, E. and N. Australia, the Philippines and the west of 5. America, between 10° N. and 10° S. (Giesbr.) New to the Atlantic. According to the above state- ments it occurs in the Tropical Atlantic, both along the African and American coasts. The low salinity proves it to be a neritic form — Mt. CENTROPAGES HAMATUS (Litues.) 1898 March: 41° N. 70° W. May: 62° N. 2° E. Julg- oo” Ne ae August: Westmannad. November: 51° N. 1° W. 1899 Januari: Fires. May: 66° N. 24° W.; 58° N. 2° W.—4° E. July: 58° N. O°—6° E. Temperature: 9.7, mean of 10 obs., max. 16, min. 4.4. Salinity: 33.5s, mean of 10 obs., max. 35.27, min. 29.64. COPOPODA— CENTROPAGES 53 Plankton-type. ‘This species is found on the coasts all around the British Islands, the Engl. Channel, the North Sea and the Skage- rak, the Baltic (at least to the N. of Gotland and the Gulf of Fin- land) and the coasts of Norway to 70° N. (Aurtv.). It is essentially a northern neritic form, and the above means for the temperature and the salinity relate to the Atlantic only. Aurivitiius gives the numbers 1°—20° for the temperature and 12,3 to 35,2 for the salinity — Ns. CENTROPAGES TYPICUS Kroyer. 1898 January: 21° N. 17° W. February: 6° 8: 12° E. Marchi: "2IGIN, PSs “WS to: 27° N. 16 Wie42°N. 42° W. to 40° N. 64° W. April: 41° °N: 19° We;-b0°"N2 3° W. May: area between 40° N. 16° W., Cape Finisterre, the Engl. Channel and 48° N. 26° W.; 41° N. 54° W. to 40° N 65° W. June: area between 44° N. 16° W. (common), 48° N. 17° W. and the Engl. Channel; 60° N. 1° W.; 62° N. 2° 30! E. July: 49° N. 22°—11° W.; 59° N. 2° E.; 40° N. 69° W. (com- mon) to 38° N. 74° W. August: Azores, rare; 49° N. 20°—11° W.; 56° N. 20° W.; So Ne one WW Oo Ge NS oh td NS ye. W... to: Be- Ne 74° W., common. September: Azores; 48° N. 24° W.; Engl. Channel; N. of Ice- land: 60°-—61°> N. 2°— 2” W., common: October: 50° N. 10° W.; 38° N. 74° W., common. November; Engl. Channel; 48° N. 41° W. to 41° N. 69° W. (common). December: 44° N. 57° W. 1899 January: 41° N. 69° W., rare. April: 37° N. 9° W., rare. May: 57° N. 6° E., rare; 38° N. 74° W., very abundant. June: 62° N. 2° E., very rare. July: 62° N. O° W. to 58° N. 6° E., rare to common. August: 60° N. 3° E., common; 5b° N. 9° W. rare; 56° N. 14° W., very common. September: 56° N. 12° W., common; 56° N. 16° W., rare. 54 COPOPODA—CENTROPAGES October: 56° N. 23°" Ws 53° IN 25° WS commun. 52°". 14° W., not rare. November: 51° N. 13° W., not rare. Temperature: 15.7, mean of 18 obs., max. 21.4, min. 7. Salinity: 34.21, mean of 18 obs., max. 36.25, min. 31.0... (Only such samples as contained this species abundantly considered). Plankton-type. Noted from the Mediterranean, Cape Finisterre, the Engl. Channel, the British Islands, the North Sea, the Skagerak and the coast of Norway, at least to 63° N. According to the above statements it goes along the west coast af Africa, towards the Azores and occurs in the summer between these Islands and the coast of Kurope, from where it spreads to the Engl. Channel and advances towards Iceland and the Fiarée Channel. In September it reached the N. of Iceland. From the Fiarée Channel it procedes to the west of Norway (but seems not to advance there far beyond 62° N.) and into the Skagerak. It occurs abundantly, almost the whole year above the coast-banks from Newfoundland towards New York. Centro- pages typicus seems not to be a neritic form, and the low mean salinity is to be accounted for by the fact that a number of the calculated samples are taken from the region of the Newfoundland Banks. — S. CENTROPAGES VIOLACEUS (Craus). 1898 -March:- 6° 5S. 4° E.3 7° No 17? Wi; dase NabO> WV April: 34° N. 74° W. May: 41° N. 16° W.;.25°.N. 52° W.; 43° N. 43° (W. June: 36° N. 44° W. Julg> 33° JN. ‘74° W. August: Azores; 44° N. 42° W.; 34°—838° N. 73°—74° W. September: 33° N. 16° W.; 41° N. 65° W. October: Azores. November: 26° S. 30° W.; Azores. December: Azores. Temperature: 22.1, mean of 22 obs., max. 27.s, min. 15. Salinity: 35.2, mean of 18 obs., max. 36.80, min, 33.46. Plankton-type. Noted from the Pacific and the Mediterranean. It occurs in the tropical Atlantic, in May and August somewhat north of 40° — D. cr COPOPODA—CHIRIDIUS, CLAUSOCALANUS He CHIRIDIUS ARMATUS (Borck.) G. O. Sars. {Eucheta armata Boeck. Determination by means of specimens kindly sent by Prof G. O. Sars). 1899 June: 65° N. 1° W. (500 metres) July: 71° N. 21° W. (between 260 and 225 metres) 74° N. 18° W. (haul from 280 metres). 550 metres); 67° N. 3° W. (500 Temperature: 0.5 to —0.s. Salinity: 34.71 to 35.01. Plankton type. It occurs, according to G. O. Sars, on the Norwegian coasts, below 300 m. Nansen collected it in the Polar Basin, between 80° N. 134° E., 85° N. 76° E. and 84° N. 11° E., at 85° N. 76° E. at the stitaets — 7. CLAUSOCALANUS ARCUICORNIS (Dawa). 1898. January: 33° N. 31° W. to 48° N. 6° W. February: 6°--5° S. 12°—9° E ; 48° N. 41° W. March: area between 32° N. 31° W., 48° N. 18° W. and 40° N. 56° W. April: area between the Azores, 47° N. 8° W., 50° N. 12° W. and 49° N. 22° W. May: area between 38° N. 21° W., 43° N. 11° W., 49° N. 14° W., 50° 'N. 20° W.. and. 41° N. 60° W. June: area petmreen Madeira, 44° N. 16° W., 47° N. 41° W. and 34° N. 33° W. July: Azores; 49° N. 22° W.; 44° N. 39° W. to 40° N. 67° W. August: Azores; 49° N. 20° W. 41° N. 68° W. September: 33° N. 31° W.; Nae 41° N. 20° W. to 47° N. OPW 3 482 IN (29% OW. to: % 2 aN. D6: “NY. October: Madeira; 37° N. ibe a et to 42° N. 15° W.: 56° N. 31° W.; 48° N. 38° W. November: 20° N. 23° W.; 34° N: 10° W.; 36° N: 14° W.: Azores; 45° ‘ 7° W.; area between 51° N. 20° W.. 55° N. 36> IW53° Ni SOC OW. and 40° N. 67° W. December: 30° ce 16° W.: Azores: 25° N. 51° W-: 34° N. go W.; 38° N: 39° W:; 50° N. 20° W. N HN HS 56 COPOPODA — CLAUSOCALANUS 1899 January: 32° N. 16° W. to 35° N. 9° W.. February: 32° N. 46° W.; 34° N. 40° W March: 30° N: 35° W. to 47° N. (8° W.,, Fare: April: area between 37° N. 10° W., 43° N. 15° W. and 41° N. 18° W., very common; 48° N. 9° W., rare. May: 50° N. 33° W., rare; 33° S. 16° E. (common) to 25° S. 7° E. (rather rare) June: 207.52.2° Eh. to 1421S.7 ae eame. October: 53° N..31° W:; 49° N240° W.,.rare. November: 51° N. 28° W., not rare. Temperature: 17.5, mean of 20 obs., max. 22.9, min. 8. (Only such samples considered as contained this species abundantly). Salinity: 35.s9, mean of 20 obs., max. 36.80, min. 33.ss. Plankton-type. ‘This species is noted from the Pacific, along the west coast of S. America to 53° S. and from the Mediterranean. The total distribution in the Atlantic is, according to the above state- ments, from the west of S. Africa (Benguela current) to the Gulf of Guinea, Cape Verde, the Canaries towards Gibraltar and the Azores, between the Azores, the mouth of the English Channel and to the east of New York. The area of distribution was in March and April chiefly eastern, but in May it had advanced considerably towards the west. In October and November this area had greatly advanced to the north, above 55° N. In December and February this copepod was seen rarely on some isolated spots in the Sar- gasso Sea. CLAUSOCALANUS FURCATUS (Brapy). 1897 December and 1898 January: Azores to 7° N. 52° W.; Caribbean Sea; 25°—35° N. 74° W. February: 5° 8. 9° E.; Caribbean Sea to 34° N. 73° W. March: 6° 8. 4° W. to the Cape Verde Islands and the Azores, thence to 7°—9° N. 55°—59° W.; Caribbean Sea to 28° N. 74° W. April: 7°—12° N. 55°—51° W.; Caribbean Sea to 27° N. 75° W. May: area between 32° N. 36° W., 6° N. 56° W. and 20° N. 60°. W.; Caribbean Sea; 41° N. 65°. W. to 41° N. 51° W. 1899 COPEPODA—CLAUSOCALANUS, CLYTEMNESTRA 57 June: 10° .N. 53° W.; 24° N. 58° W. to 42° N. 33° W.; 23° N. fe, WW. July: 26° N. 48° W. to 21° N. 58° W.; Caribbean Sea; 25°— 38° N. 74°. W.; 41° N. 58° W.; Azores. August: Caribbean Sea; 21° N. 58° W. to 38° N. 74° W.; 40° N. 66° W. to 42° N. 50° W. September: 9°—12° N. 538°—51° W.; Caribbean Sea; 33°—38° N. 74° W.; 41° N. 65° W.; 46° N. 11° W. to 26° .N. 39° W.; Madeira; Cape Verde Islands. October: 21° S. 36° W.; Caribbean Sea; Bahamas; 30°—38° N. fa oO NN eta oN AD, We 10, O20 Nate OW. November: area between Rio Janeiro, 18° S. 31° W., 24° S. 29° W. and 26° S. 30° W.; 8° N. 28° W. to the Cape Verde Islands; 19° N. 58° W.; 29°—32° N. 43°—38° W., Azores; 36° N. 14° W. December: 19° N. 58° W. to 28° N. 47° W.; Azores, Canaries. January: Canaries to 34° N. 12° W. February: 34° N. 42° W. March: 18° N. 45° W. to 24° N. 40° W. April: 9° N. 59° W.; 32°—36° N. 75°—74° W.; 41° N. 17° W. May: 33 -.N, 75> We GUN. el aco Lee 10,0 EN. DCW Lo ON? D2 Wi to 27 N: 39° W.; Azores. wutgs dl Ns 267. W. Temperature: 23.9, mean of 69 obs., max. 28.2, min. 13.s. Salinity: 35.31, mean of 66 obs., max. 37.63, min. 33.20. Plankton-type. Noted from the Pacific and the Mediterranean. It occurs in the whole tropical Atlantic, between 25° S. and 40° N., beyond which degree of latitude it procedes from May to August. It is one type. of the most common and characteristic forms of the Desmo- adh). CLYTEMNESTRA ROSTRATA (bBrapy). 1898 March: 10° N. 20° W. August: 42° N. 48° W. Temperature: 2245 to 26. Salinity: 32.96 (at the south-east of the Newfoundland Banks, probably anomalous) 58 COPEPODA—COPILIA, CORYCAUS Plankton-type. ‘Ther species has been found in the Medi- terranean, in the Atlantic at 5° S. 18° W., 27° S. 28° W., and 43°S. 56° W., in the Pacific, west of S. America, 3° S. 99° W., and in the Indian: Ocean, 27°84 87° ‘R. -)-D COPILIA DENTICULATA Craus. 1898 December: Azores. Temperature: 18.; Plankton-type, This species is found in the Mediterranean. It was seen at the Azores in Styli- and Desmo-plankton intermingled. — S$? D? COPILIA MIRABILIS Dana. 1898 February: 21° N. 74° W. March: 6° S42 Wie 3° oN. AC°OW) tec23° UN) 28° Wis 36 Nt 29°) Wi leeeN 50" W.. 1899 April: 9° N. 59° W.; 36° N. 74° W. June: 15° N. 50° W. Temperature: 24.3; mean of 11 obs., max. 27.3, min. 17.s. Salinity: 55.90, mean of 10 obs., max. 36.91, min. 35 20. Plankton-type. Noted from the Indian and Pacific Oceans. — D. COPILIA QUADRATA Dana. 1898 April: 31° N. 75° W. Temperature: 22.1. Salinity: 36.01. Plankton-type. Noted from the Mediterraneum and the tro- pical Pacific: — S. or D. CORYCAUS ELONGATUS Curaus. 1898 November: Canaries; Azores; 34° N. 10° W. December: Azores. Temperature: 18.6, mean of 5 obs., max. 21.5, min. 17.6. Salinity: 36.40 to 36.97. COPEPODA—CORYCAEUS 59 the S. of Rio Janeiro and the Plankton-type. Noted from in which I found this species, Mediterranean. The Atlantic samples, contained both Desmo- and Styli-plankton. — D: or S&S: CORYCAUS FLACCUS (irss. 1899 April: 40° N. 16° W. ((one female only). Temperature: 10. Salinity: 36.01. Plankton-type. Pacific. — S. Noted from the Mediterranean and the tropical CORYCUS LONGICAUDIS Dana. 1898 January: 1° S.—7° N. 22° W.; 11° No 522 We to. 18" Ny 40 W.; eee N. 74° W. February: 5° 5. 0°_9° E.: Caribbean Sea; 21°—380° N. 74°.W. March: 7° S. 17° Wy to, 31% N. 299/W., thence to 9°. N. 59 W., the Caribbean Sea and 28° N. 74° W.; 41° N. 60° W. April: between 7° N. om se oe N. 51° W. and 11° N. 53° W.; nares 2a Dit 75° W. May: 6° N. 56° W. to 39° N. 39° W.: 44° N. 63° W. to 41 N. se or June: area 52° W. between (de N:. 53° °W., »L9°. N. G38) W.,, 30° N. and 29° N. 36° W. July: 24° N. 54° W.; Caribbean Sea; 29°38 N. 74° W. August: Caribbean Sea; 99° N. 749° W. to 34° N. 73° W.; 41° N. 58° W. to 45° N. 43° W. September: Cape Verde Islands to 8° N. 25 ooo NO Bo! Was Oe i¢ oF c aribbean W.: 26° N. 40° W. Sea: 23—38 No 72°. W.: 40° NO GW - > N. PW October: 21° SS. 36- W:; oe 26° 34° N. 74° W.; Azores. November: 26°—24° 8. 30°—29° 93° W.: 32° N: 38° W. to 19° N. Canaries. S eo We - 1149257, 36° W.; 58° W., 34° N. 38° W., Canaries. A EUROS WW. .2/ OC¢S Con? Azores; December: 26° area between 19° N. and 16° N. 48° W.; Azores; 58° W.; 42 Azores. N. 76° W160 W. to 20° N. N. 64° W.; Caribbean Sea; 29° N. 36° W. 60 COPEPODA—CORYCAUS 1899 January: Canaries. February: 32° N: 47° W. March: 21°—24° N. 43°—40° W.; Azores. April: 28°—36° N. 75°—74° W. June: 17 oS: 2° OW tOnGenN 1244p ielieemNe De Wito 24° N. 42° W.; Azores. July: 11° N. 26° W. to 20° N. 34° W. Temperature: 25.3. mean of 59 obs., max. 28.1, min. 19. Salinity: 35.93, mean of 54 obs., max. 37.63, min. 34.05. Plankton-type. Noted from the tropical Pacific, west of S. America. It occurs in the whole tropical Atlantic between 25° S. and 45° N. and is one of the most common and characteristic con- stituents of the Desmo-plankton. — D. CORYCAUS OBTUSUS Dana. 1898 February: Caribbean Sea. March 72 ONG Dar OW 7? N17 We June: 30° N. 52° W. July: 38° N. 74° W. September: Azores. October: 21° 5S. 36° W. November: Rio Janeiro; 20° N. 23° W. December: Azores. 1899 June: 24° N. 42° W. Temperature: 23.7, mean of 11 obs., max. 27.8, min. 17.2. Salinity: 35.47, mean of 9 obs., max. 37.63, min. 31.s2. Plankton-type. Noted from the tropical Pacific and the Medi- terranean. — D. CORYCAUS OVALIS Craus. 1898 January: 18° N. 46° W. March: 6° 3°4°-W.. to 3° Nei6° Ws 7° N. 55°. W..Azores= 32° N32 WwW Aprils MO aN eo Wes 23. ON 727° Wist4oeaN 4d AW Mat 72 1 N: DACRW .; 41° N. 65°50? W: Sune ;22 Ne COD” W-. August: 42° N. 63° W. COPEPODA—CORYCAUS 61 September: 12° N. 27° W..; 25° N. 74° W. Octoberis.21° | Sres62oIwWos. B7r—3E° No 279219 |W. 34° \N. 74° W. Wapembers,0°-S. al ow. 6 N. 28° Wc. (17° N. 25°° Ww. 32° N. 38° W.;: Azores. December: 28° N. 47° W.;. Azores. 1899 March: Azores. April: 32°—36° N. 75°—74° W. Temperature: 21.6, mean of 35 obs., max. 28, min. 9. Salinity: 35.43, mean of 28 obs., max. 37.21, min. 28.10. Plankton-type. Noted from the Mediterranean. — D. CORYCAUS ROSTRATUS Cuaus. 1898 March: Azores, common; 40° N. 56° W. June: Azores; 35° N. 21° W. July: round the Azores. August: Azores; 40° N. 66° W. to 45° N. 40° W. September: Cape Verde Islands; Madeira, common; Azores, common; 46° N. 39° W. October: round the Azores, common; 39° N. 21° W. November: Azores, common; 48° N. 29°—41° W.; 34°—36° N. 10°—14° W., common; 18° S. 31° W. December: Canaries; 34° N. 38° W. to 42° .N. 16° W. (common at the Azores); 44° N.-57° W. 1899 January: Canaries; Madeira; Gibraltar. February: 34° N. 40° W. March: 36° N. 29° W. to 44° N. 16° W., common ‘to rare. April: 41° N. 15°—18° W. May: 33°'5.-16° E. (common) to 29° S. 9° E. (rare). Sine 20° So Ee ao" N, 30° WW, Temperature: 19.6, mean of:18 obs., max. 28, min. 13.1. Salinity: 35.93, mean of 18 obs.,: max. 36.80, min. 34.33, (only such samples considered as contained this species more or less abundantly). Plankton-type. Noted from the Mediterranean. According to the above statements. this. species.. enters the Atlantic west of, the Cape of Good Hope, appears near St. Helena, the Cape Verde Islands 62 COPEPODA—CORYCAUS and the Canaries. The principal area of distribution in the northern Atlantic is the area between the Canaries, Gibraltar and the Azores, whence it extends, north of 40°, towards the east of New York. — S. CORYCAEUS SPECIOSUS Dana. 1897 December and 1898 January: 7° N. 22° W.; 7° N. 53° W. to 16° N. 48° W.; BZN. 33° W. February: 5° 8. 4 E.—9° W.; Caribbean Sea. March: area between 6S. 4 W., 1° 5S. 15° W. cand 11° N. 23° W.; area between 6° N. 55° W., 10° N. 53° W. and 14° N. 50° W.; Caribbean Sea; 28° N. 74° W. April: TF NAOOD WE te WAN. OT We 2 N. 73 W. to-31” N. iD OW. May: area between 6° N. 56° W., 20° N. 60° W., 26° N..52° W- and 11° N. 52° W.; 41° N. 59°—56° W. June: %0° N. 53° W.; 19° IN. “63° W. July: 24 N. 54° W.; 25°—33° N. 74° W. August: 22°—38° N. 74° W.; 42° N. 62°—50° W. September: ‘8 N. 25° W. to 18° .N. 25° W.; 15° N 49° W. to 27° N. 36° W.; Caribbean Sea; 42° N. 57° W. October: Caribbean Sea; 26° N. 76° W. November: 26° S. 80° W.; 8..N..28° W. to 13°.N. 27° W.; 99° N. 53° W. to 29° N. 43° W.; 40° N. 67° W.; 51° N. 20° W. December: Canaries; Azores to 25° N. 52° W.; 29° N. 74° .W. 1899 January: 33° N. 15° W. April: 32°.N. 74 W. Mays 33 3.16" E. Tune: AD? 8.98" IW ito Ao S...24° OW. + 12° Nv 5B WW. iho 36° N- 30" -W. Temperature: 24.3, mean of 86 obs, max. 28.4, min. 13.s. Salinity: 35.95, mean of 64 obs., max. 37.63, min. 33.20. Plankton-type. Noted from the tropical Pacific, between 10° 8S. and 20° N., west of S. America to 137° E. It occurs in the Atlantic from about 30° S. to 40° N., but advances in May to November north of the last degrée, and rare specimens may drift beyond 50° N. (November). — D. COPEPODA—CORYCAUS, EUCALANUS 65 CORYCAUS VENUSTUS Dana. 1898 January: 21° N. 17 W. February: 5° 5. 4—9° E.; 30° N. 74° W. March: 4S. 10° W.; 7 N. 17° W.; Azores; 40° N. 56° W. October: Azores. November: 42° N. 64° W. December: Azores. 1899 January: Canaries. May: 30° S. 11° E: Temperature: 20.6, mean of 12 obs., max. 27.s, min. 11. Salinity: 35.26. mean of 8 obs., max. 36.52, min. 33.93. Plankton-type. Noted from the Mediterranean and the Pacific. — S. or D. EUCALANUS ELONGATUS (Dana). 1899 April: 33° N. 32° W., very rare. Temperature: 17.1. Salinity: 36.54. Plankton-type. Noted from the Pacific, Gibraltar, the Medi- terranean (GresBrR.), 60° N. 7° W. in August (TH. Scorr) and the Skagerak in February (Aurtivituius). — S. EUCALANUS SUBCRASSUS Girssr. 1898 February: 5° S. 8° E. March: 11° N. 20° W. Temperature: 24.6 to 27.3. Salinity: 35.20 to 33.93. Plankton-type. Noted from the Pacific, W. of S. America 3 S—10° N., Hongkong, Amoy, the Red Sea. — D. (N¢t?). EUCALANUS SUBTENUIS Girssr. 1898 February: 6° S. 15° E., very rare. Temperature: 26.2. Salinity: 20.29. Plankton-type. Noted from the western Pacific and the Cape Verde Islands. — S? 64 COPOPODA—EUCH ETA EUCHATA MARINA (PresTANpREA). 1898 January: 7—12° N. 50°—53° W.; Caribbean Sea; 30° N. 34° W. February: Caribbean Sea. March: 1° 5S. 15° W. to the Cape Verde Islands; area between LO? N. 53" Wewlfeg. 47> Weeds Ne (DO ieee, N: 74 W. April: 7 No 55° W.; 12° N._5i5 W.; Caribbean. Sea. May: 13° N. 51° W.; 26° N. 52° W.; Caribbean Sea. June: tO) oN; 53° W., 19° Nebo AW. August: Caribbean Sea. September: 8°—12° N. 25°—27° W.; 26° N. 36°—39° W. iWNooember 26°", “BO Weed UN. 28, W.. 2a Naa. We. 29°—32° N. 43°—38° W.; 51° N. 20° W: December: Canaries; 19° N. 58° W. to 34° N. 38° W. 1899 March: 33° N. 32° W. April: 32°—36°N."75°—74" W. May: 38° N. 74 W. June: TF Sele Westo 1 Sv 21 We? UNGea Wars 12° IN: 52° W. July:.11° N. 26°. W. Temperature: 24.6, mean of 52 obs., max. 28.4, min. 9. Salinity: 35.95, mean of 39 obs., max. 37.34, min. 33.28. Plankton-type. Noted from the Pacific and the Mediterranean. It occurs in the Atlantic from 26° S. (38° 5S. Brady) to somewhat north of 30° N., but rare specimens may drift beyond 50° N. (No- vember). — D.- EUCHATA NORVEGICA Boeck. 1898. July: 78° N. 1° E.—3° W. (deep sea hauls, Auriv:) August: 77°—78° N. 12°—10° E. (deep sea hauls, Auriv.) September: 72° N. 19° E. (deep sea haul, Auriv.) 1899 June: 67° N. 3° W., not.rare between 500 and 200 metres; 75° N. 1° W., rare between 550 and 500 metres; 64° N. 0° E., haul from 200 metres, rare; 62° N. 1° E., haul from 150 metres, rare. ; July: 74° N. 18° W., haul from 280 metres, rare;'72° N. 21° W., haul from 260 metres, rare; 71° N. 21°. W., haul from 180 metres, rare. ia COPEPODA—-EUCHA'TA, EURICHELLA, EUTERPE 65 September: 67° N. 3° W., between 500 and 100 metres, not rare. Temperature: 2.3, mean of 8 obs., max. 6, min. O,1. Salinity: 35.12, mean of 8 obs., max. 35.29, min. 34.97. Plankton-type. Noted from deep water in Baffin’s Bay, the area between Greenland, Norway and Iceland, the Fiarée Channel and the Skagerak. Nansen collected it in the Polar Basin, between 78 N: 136° E. and 84° N. 11° E., at 85° N. 76° FE. at the surface. — T. EUCHATA SPINOSA ((Giessr ) 1898 May: 46° N. 38° W.; 41° N. 51° W. November: 42° N. 64° W. Temperature: 16.1, mean of 3 obs., max. 19, min. 14. Salinity: 35.63 to 36.01. Plankton-type. Noted from the Maditerranean. — S. ? EURICHELLA ROSTRATA (Crats). 1898 March: 45° N. 36° W.; 42° N. 42° W.; 46° N. 34° W. to 40° N. 64° W. October: 44° N. 43° W: December: 32° N. 16° W. 1899 April: 39°—40° N. 15°—16° W. Temperature: 16.2, mean of 7 obs., max. 20, min. 13. Salinity: 35.03, mean of 8 obs., max. 36.74, min. 35.36. Plankton-type. Noted from the Mediterranean. — S. EUTERPE ACUTIFRONS (Dana). 1895 January: 17° N. 21° W.; 6° N. 55° W. February: 6° S. 12° E. March: 7° N. 25° W. 21° N. 17° W.;, 49° N. 14° W.; 40° N. 56° W. June: 40°—42° N. 10°—9° W.; 19° N. 63° W. August: 41° N. 57° W. September: 49° N. 3° W.; 41° November: 51° N. 1° W ; 42° 1899 January: 29° N. 16° W. April 9° N. 59°. W. or 66 COPEPODA—LABIDOCERA, LEUCKARTIA Temperature: 19.1, mean of 18 obs., max. 28, min. 11. Salinity: 36.52 to 20.29. Plankton-type. Noted from the Mediterreanan, the North Sea and the mouth of the Rio Negro (40° S.). Itis a neretic form of very wide distribution, from the mouth of the Congo to the southern North Sea and from the Rio Negro to the 8. of the Newfoundland Banks: — Nt, Nm. LABIDOCERA ACUTIFRONS (Dana). 1898 March: 11° N. 20° W.; 16° N. 18° W. Temperature: 20 to 246. Salinity : 35.20. Plankton-type. Noted from the tropical Pacific, western Me- terranean and the Atlantic, 23° S. to 18° N. — S. (or N¢?) LABIDOCERA NERII (Kroyer). 1898. March: 6°_N 22° W.; 7° N. 17°. W. Temperature: 22 to 27.s. Salinity: 35.25. Plankton-type. Noted from the eastern Atlantic 2°-—8° N. 19°—25° W., and from Cape Finisterre. -—— S. (N¢?). LEUCKARTIA FLAVICORNIS (Cxaus). 1898 March: 32° N. 32° W.; Azores; 45° N. 36° W.; 40° N. 56° W. July: Azores. August: 22° N. 74° W. September : 30° N. 35° W. November: 34° N. 10° W. December: 33° N. 38° W. Temperature: 19.1, mean of 8 obs., max. 27.8, min. 11. Salinity: 36.12, mean of 8 obs., max. 36.59, min. 34.40. Plankton-type. Noted from the Canaries, the Mediterranean and the Tropical Pacific, west of America. — S. (D7?) COPEPODA—-LUBBOCKIA, MECYNOCERA LUBBOCKIA SQUILLIMANA (Craus). 1898 March: 29° N. 35° W. Temperature: 19.4. Salinity: 36.85. Plankton-type. Noted from the tropical Pacific, Mediterranean and the region of Ascension. — S.? MECYNOCERA CLAUSII (J. C. Tuomps). 1897 December and 1898 January: 34° N. 30° W. to 46° N. 11° W.; 23° N. 42 16° N. 48° W.; 32° N. 74° W. W:.: February: 48°—50° N. 40°—31° W.; 16° N. 71° W. to 34° N.. 74° W. March: area between 23° N. 28° W., 28° N. 38° W. and the Azores; area between the Azores, 48° N. 6° W. and 49° N. 33° W.; 49° N. 33° W. to 40° N. 64° W.; 9° N. 53°—59° W.; 15° N. 49° W.; 32° N. 74° 'W. Apres ai Ne, 19 We -45> N. 16° W.; 47° N. 29° Was 47° 39° W. May: 38° N. 21 Wi; 44° N.16°. W.; 40° N. 43° W-.; 45° W. June: Azores; 39° N.. 39° W.; 45° 'N. 41° W.. 48° N. 33° July and August: Azores. September: 46° N. 39° W.; 43° N. 48° W. November: 33° N. 10° W.; Azores; area between 51° N. W., 50° N. 31° W., 40° N..67° W. and 47° N. 41° W. December: Azores; 49° N. 30° W.; 42°—43° N. 62°—57° 1899 January: 33° N. 15° W. March: 30° N. 34° W. to the Azores; 46° N. 11° W. April: 35° N. 74° W. April: 25°—30° S, 7°—11° E. Temperature: 16:8, mean of 79 obs., max. 28, min. 10. Salinity: 35.77, mean of 49 obs., max. 37.05, min. 32.s7. 20° W. Plankton-type. ‘This species is noted from the tropical Paci- fic, the Mediterranean and the Canaries. The distribution of this It is arkremable that it was so abundant in 1898 and scarce in 1899. species in the Atlantic is very interesting in several respects. 68 COPEPODA—METRIDIA From the occurence in April 1899 it appears that it enters the Atlantic west of the Cape of Good Hope. In December 1897 to February 1898 it occurred both from the Azores to the European coast, in the Caribbean Sea and in the Florida Current. In March it appeared suddenly over a very wide area round the Sargasso Sea and across the whole Atlantic, from the Engl. Channel to the east of New York. Later it decreased in abundance, but in November it reappeared over the wide area between 40° and 50° N. from 20° W. towards New York. As it is impossible to account for these sudden changes in the distribution by surface currents, the most acceptable explanation seems to be that water, containing this species (or Styli- plankton) arrived in the spring by a vertical movement to the sur- face, but in April and May was covered by another kind of water, that remained between 40° and 50° N. to November. That other kind of water cannot be any other than water containing Desmo- plankton and arrived as a surface-current from the Florida Current and the Sargasso Sea. — S. METRIDIA HIBERNICA (Brapy & Roserts) 1898 February: 50° N. 31° W.; 48° N. 41° W. March .47°,N: 27° W..to. 50° .N. 9° -W. May: 42° N. 61° W. June: 40° N. 41° W. November: 52° N. 38° W.; 56° N. 26° W. December: 50° N. 20°—9° W. 1899 March: 62° N. 8° W. June: 62° N. 0° 37' E., below 100 metres. July s.56° N. 15°: Wz,=rare. September: 62° N. 0° 40'—1° E. Temperature: 11.1, mean of 11 obs., max. 16.3, min. 6. Salinity: 35.25, mean of 10 obs., max. 36.02, min. 32.96. Plankton-type. Noted from Iceland, the Fiarée Channel, the North Sea, the Skagerak and the west coast of Norway, at least to 71° N. It occurs in the Atlantic usually associated with Tricho- plankton. — (7.) Ns. COPEPODA— METRIDIA, MICROSETELLA 69 METRIDIA LONGA Lusspock. 1898 June: 77° N. 27° E. (deep sea haul Auriv.) July: 78° N. 1° E.—3° W. (deep sea hauls Auriv.) August: 77°—79° N. 12°—10° E. (deep sea hauls Auriv.) 1899 June: 67° N. 3° W., from 500 to 200 metres, common; 65° N. 1° W., between 500 and 550 metres, rare; 64° N. O° E., haul from 450 metres, rare. July: 74° N. 18° W., haul from 280 metres, common, i: ON, 22° W., haul from 180 metres, common; 71° N. 21° W., not rare between 260 and 200 metres. September: 67° E. 3° W., rare between 500 and 167 metres; 65° N. 1° W., surface rare. Temperature: 0.7, mean of 8 obs., max. 2.5, min. —L. Salinity: 34.91, mean of 8 obs., max. 35.10, min. 34.59. Plankton-type. Noted from Baffin’s Bay, Spitzbergen, the Fiirée Channel, Norway and the Skagerak. Nansen collected it in the Polar Basin, between 78° N. 136° EK. and 84° N. 11° E., at 85° N. 76° E. at the surface — T. MICROSETELLA ATLANTICA Brapy & Roperts.' tos sanuary: 12°, S. 34° @V.,to 21° NS 17° We; 7° N. 03" We; Caribbean Sea: 29°—35° N. 74°—75° W. February: Caribbean Sea; Bahamas to 34 N. 74 W.; : 9° E. March: 6° S. 4° W. to 23° N. 27° W. and to 25° N. 16° W.; 7° N. 54° W. to the English Channel and thence to 40° N. 56° W. (or, practically the whole Atlantic from 5° 5. to DON.) April: 7° N. 55° W.; Carribean Sea to 31° N. 75° W.; 49° N. 12° W. to 48° N. 5° W.; 60° N.'4°—19° W. to 63° N..17° W. May: area between 7° N. 54° W., 16° N. 71° W. and 28° N. 74° W.; SE. of the Azores; 41° N. 65° W.; 41° N. 53° W. to 50° N. 7° W.; 59° N. 16° W. to 60° N. 4° E.; 64° N. 7° KE. ¥ / a t ' Ostenfeld’s data used. 70 1899 COPEPODA—MICROSETELLA June: area between 19° N. 63° W., 23° N. 42° W. and 36° N. 44° W.: 45°°N, 41° W.: Azores; 48°-N.:17° W..to 50° N. 12° W.; Scotland to 8S. Iceland. July: 24° N. 58° W: tov26° N. 49° W.; 33° N.\742°W.; 41° 58° W.: Azores; area between 58° N. 36° W., 8. Iceland and 62° N. 0° E, (maximum at 60° N. 21° W.) August: 25° N. 74° W.; 40° N. 66° W. to 48° N. 31° W.; 56°-N. 34° W.; 49° N. 16° W; area between 62° N. 18° W., 61°N. 6° W., 62° N. 10° W. and S. Iceland, thence to Denmarks Sound and EK. Greenland (65° N.); S. of Spitzbergen. September: 8° N; 28° WimL2° NN. 27°° W.. 15° No 49" Wto 27° N. 36° W.; 83° N. 74° W.; Canaries; 5. of the Azores; 49° N. 57° W.; 46° N. 14° W.; 47° N. 9° W.; area between 56° N. 27° W., 65° N. 36° W., N. Iceland and 60° N. 6° W.; 7O°2N 3202" Eton 74a N. be7o AK: Ottaber: 31° RS- BoUeWw 26° NOT" WAY aad NIDSP WW Azores” 855-256" PNSE39°-231 OW BEDS N eee Wy 9S 08r Iceland to 60° N. 10° W. November: 8° N. 28° W. to the Cape Verde Islands; 34° N. 10° W.; Azores; Cape Finisterre; 45° N. 7° W.; 49° N. 12° W.; along the south coast of Iceland to the Faroées; 19° N. 58° W. to 26° N. 48° W.; 40° N. 67° W. to 42° N. 64° W.; 56° N. 36° W. December: Azores; 50° N. 9° W.; 8S. Iceland to the Faréde Channel; Caribbean Sea; 19° N. 58° W. to 34° N. 28° W.; Ase IN. 610" W: January: Canaries; Madeira; 41° N. 69° W.; 45° N. 49° W.; Fares. February: 34° N. 40° W. Warci 44°— 46° No Wipe at 1 We 62> NS Wino OO LIN: 20° W. April; 28°—36° N. 75°—74° W. June: 42 SAS? We Gs Neb We haw Na 52a .We uta 21> IN. 45° W.; 62°—65° N. 1° E—1° W., rare in deep sea hauls from 550—200 metres; 67° N. 11° E. July: 23° N. 36° W.,. verymare; 57° oN..23° AW. ato 56" <8, W.; 71°—72° N. 21°—-22° W., very rare in deep sea hauls from 225 and 550 metres; 71° N. 3°-E.. rare: COPEPODA—MIRACIA 71 August: 56° N. 23° W. to 56° N. 38° W., rare to common; 12°—74° N: 26°—31° E., rare. September: 56° N. 24° W. to 53° N. 48° W., rare; 68° N. 6° W., not rare; 66° N. 3° W. rare between 300 and 167 metres; 61° N. 1° E., rare in a haul from 100 metres; ta —/o N: 19° E., tare. October: 52° N. 14° W. to 56° N. 38° W., midway common. " November: 51° N. 21°—28° W.; 47° N. 51° W.., rare. Temperature: 19.0, mean of 192 obs., max. 27.6, min. O.s. Salinity: 35.50, mean of 153 obs., max. 37.63, min. 31.96. Plankton-type. Noted from the tropical Pacific (108° W. Equ. GiEsBR.), the Mediterranean, the North Sea and the Skagerak. This species has of all copepods the widest distribution in the Atlantic, or from 31° S. to 74° N., entering in Desmo-, Styli- and Tricho- plankton, but from the general distribution and the mean tempera- ture it is apparent that it belongs essentially to the Styli-plankton. — It is worthy of note that this copepod was by far more abun- dant in 1898 than in 1899. In March 1898 it scarcely reached north of 50° but it appeared in April at Iceland, in August at Spitzbergen. In the last month it crossed the Denmarks Sound for E. Greenland and was in September seen N. of Iceland. — S. (D. T)) MIRACIA EFFERATA Dana. 1897. December and (sus Jenuary: 7° “N./ 22° W.; 12° No.50° Ws; 18° N-"46° W.;: 32° N?*3a> W. March: area between 1° S. 15° W., 10° N. 20° W., 14° N. 24° W. and 6° N. 22° W.; 14°—17° N. 50°—47° W.; Carib- bean Sea. mprits U2 Ne b1~ Wey 27° \N.- 75° NV: May: 11°—13° N. 52°—51° W. July: 41° N. 60° W. September: 8° N. 25° W.; 27° N. 36° W. October: 32° N. 74° W. November: 19° N. 58° W.; 42° N. 64° W. 1899 June: 12° N. 52° W. Temperature: 24.6, mean of 23 obs., max. 28, min. 16.2. Salinity: 35.37, mean of 14 obs., max. 36.50, min. 35. Find COPEPODA——-MONOPS, OITHONA Plankton-type. Noted from the southern Pacific (40° 8. 133° W.). It follows in the Atlantic the Equatorial Current from Africa to the north of S. America, enters the Caribbean Sea and the Flo- rida Current. hike many other species of the desmo-type it advan- ces in July beyond 40° N. in the western Atlantic. — D. MONOPS BREVIS Girssr 1898 November: Rio Janeiro, very rare, (Q ©). Temperature: 22. Salinity: 33.81. Plankton-type. Noted from W. Australia only. — WN. MONOPS PERSPICAX (Dana.) 1898 March: 10° N. 20° W. August: 25° N. 74° W. September: 12° N. 51° W. Temperature: 27.1, mean of 3 obs., max. 28, min. 26. Salinity: 36.21 and 36.33. Plankton-type. Noted from the eastern equatorial Atlantic. From the above statements it is apparent that this species follows the Equatorial Current from Africa to 8. America and enters the Antilles Current. — D. OITHONA BREVICORNIS Giespr. 1898 February: 6° S. 12° E., mouth of Congo River. Temperature: 26.2. Salinity: 20.29. Plankton-type. Noted from Hongkong only. — Nv. OITHONA PLUMIFERA Bairp. 1898 January: 7° N. 53° W.; 25°—35° N. 74°—75° W.; 21° N. 17 Februargsi13° aN. 70°. W.+to. 30° (NA745 Wregid> (Sit ae 1899 COPEPODA—OITHONA io March 215°: 83.42 W. to 312). N), 24°: W.- 149219 (Ni: 20°—18° W.; 12° N. 51° W. to 43° N. 17° W.; Caribbean Sea; 28° N. EP AW i 40° NE. DEI W. 7 nG22 Ni 2°) Ei. Brees ON 553° Whee coe OTE Wee BIN Ya? OW! May: area between 32° N. 37° W., 6° N. 56° W. and 23° N. 56° W. dunes 19° N: 65° W..'to 25° Nee 57° W.; 29°. N: 34° W.: 33° N. A ee LN ed Be, July: Caribbean Sea; 21° N. 58° W.; 33° N. 74° W.; 58° N. OPO. S612. Nea OW. August: 14° N. 70° W. to 33° N. 74° W.; Azores; 41° N. 7? OW: September: round Cape Verde Islands, common; rare at the following points: 17° N. 48° W.; 31° N. 33° W.; Azores; bo? Nw B0t iW. and 41° N.A65°) W. October: 21°" 8: 36° W.; Caribbean Sea; ‘Azores: 39° N. 21° Wz "56°" N: SLoWw. November: 22°. N.. 58°. W.;, 292N 43° W.; 32° No 38° W.- Azores; area between 29° N. 19° W., 36° N. 14° W. and 34> N. 10° W.. 42° N.632. W.: area, 53° N. 50°. W2-522 N. 38° W. and 56° N. 36° W:; 55° N. 14° W. December: Caribbean Sea; 25° N. 52° W.; 28° N. 47° W.; Azores: Canaries; Gibraltar. Januarygs 29 Ne 16% W.. to Sp" “N29? WV, Marehse2is Nav4oroW = 73020 No pad: W35400 "N.S AW: 62" NaS nVieocsOOe tNas ae, WV. Apribe ad. UN 7D. OW. 365 UN. 74° WW. Mog 55... WO topos. 7 Bog Or Nes3ar0W.; 30° Nj 75° W.: 61° N. 1° E., haul from 100 metres, rare. JUNE WO 1D. 13° -W.' to 6° SS: 16° W.; 9? N.. 25° W.;. 12°—15 Nendo —)b0° W.; 61° N. 1° E..to 67° N.-3° -W.,. deep sea hauls, very rare July? D6 N, oo, W. 71 N. 21> W.., very rare. September: 56° N. 23°—30° W. to 53° N. 31°—37° W., rare. November: 51° N. 31° W., rare. Temperature: 21.s, mean of 123 obs., max. 28.2, min. Os. Salinity: 36041, mean of 88 obs., max. 37.28, min. 33.46. ~l eS COPEPODA—OITHONA Plankton-type. Noted from the Mediterranean, Indian and Pacific. It has in the Atlantic a very wide range of distribution, both in Desmo- and Styli-plankton, from 33° S. to 66° N., but it occurs only very sparingly north of 40° N. Say: OITHONA SIMILIS Craus. 1898. January: 16° NS V8 yw); 43-9 eee OW.; 37° Novia: W. February cya4” «N. 40° W: S07 Ne 10° W. to. 50: IN. 230° We thence to 45° N. 50° W.; 34° N. 74° W. March: area between the Azores, the English Channel, the Shetlands and 49° N. 33° W.; 43° N. 49° W. to 41° N. 70° Wits ING= Dy Eom G Bre (Ne 2° OB. April: area between the Azores, the English Channel and 39° NwW742>W.+ Faroe t@hannel;v63°) N. 7% OW. a73°oNeib? W. May: area between the Azores, Cape Finisterre, the English Channel and 41° N. 58° W.; Far6es; Shetlands; 62° N. 2° Ee tobe? Hs: 66° N. 9° Ee6CouN cel ew ato ZN dy AVeeiige MN Ae. WE: June: 31° N. 17° W.; area between the Azores, Cape Fini- sterre, the English Channel, S.W. of Ireland and 45° N. 26° We SSN. 52. NV. .t0, B2,.Ne 2 euore N40: aK beeren Island; 67°—68° N. 24°—.23° W, duly sagores: DO” Nu TS. Wi. tol 40) Ne ae Woe eee Oi, W. to 40° N. 69° W.; area between Westmannad, 59° N. 2° Kes and. 670 No 4 W..- thence tovor: Ne 22> We vevon JN: Ora —a he August: Azores; area between 49° N. 14° W., 56° N. 13° W., 56° N. 28° W. and 48° N. 24° W.; 44° N. 48° W. to 41° N. 65° W.; area between Westmann6, the Hebrides, 60° N. 3° E. and N. Iceland; 72° N. 26° E.; Beeren Island; round Spitzbergen. September: Azores; 43° N. 16° W. to the English Channel and Ireland; area between 48° N. 30° W. and 56° N. 20°—35° W.; 43° N. 48° W.; Farodes; Shetlands; Westmannaéd, com- mon; N. of Iceland; 71° N. 20° E.; Beeren Island to Spitz- bergen. October: Azores; area between 48° N. 24° W., the Hebrides and 54° N. 45° W.; 42° N. 50° W.; Fardes, not rare. COPEPODA—OITHONA 75D November: many spots on the area between 51° N. 20° W., 40° N. 67° W571? ND) We June: 44° N. 9° W. July: 65° N. 1°—6° E.; 78° N. 1° E.—3° W. (deep sea hauls Auriv.) August: 41° N. 57° W.; 60° N. 3° W.; 76°—78° N. 12°—11° E. 81° N. 23° E. (deep sea haul Auriv.) 78 COPEPODA—ONC AA September: 72°—73° N. 19° E.; 76° N. 15° E. (deep sea haul Auriv.) November: Azores; 56° N. 23° December: Azores. 1899 March: aed BAL NG 16° Wiis Gore TBF Wi May: 61°—64° N. 6°—9° W. June: oo °_67° N. 1° E.—3°W.,; hauls from: 550 metres. July: 72° N. 22° W., haul from 260 metres. September: 66° N. 3° W., hauls from 500 and 200 metres. October: between: «52° “N: 24 Wo" 53° NY 25° Wee and 67 N. 23° W., not rare. November: 51° N. 21°—834° W., rare; 49° N. 40° W., rare. 30° W.; 42° N. 63° W: Temperature: @) in the northern Atlantic 5, mean of 35 obs., max. 12, min. — 0.5, 5) in the temperate Atlantic 16.3, mean of 7 obs., maxi; 22; min. 11. Salinity: @) in the northern Atlantic 35.02, mean of 36 obs., max. 35.41, min. 33.66, 6) in the temperate Atlantic 35.s2, mean of 5 obs., max. 36.69, min. 34.01. Plankton-type. Noted from the Mediterranean. This species occurs only rarely in the temperate Atlantic, in the region of the Azores and there associated with arctic forms. In the northern Atlantic it is much more frequent and has been seen as far as 72° N. on the west and 78° N. on the east. There is thus more probability that it is an arctic than a temperate form. The occurrence near the. Azores and in the Mediterranean must then be accounted for by arctic currents to these regions. Still, the salinity is higher than for Tricho-plankton as a rule. On the other hand this species occurs frequently in the northern Atlantic among masses of Calanus fin-~ marchicus.,— 2 ONCZEA SUBTILIS Giespr. 1898 April: 39° N. 24° W., common. June: i N. 11° W., common. September: 45°—47° N. 14°—9°, scare. 1899 March: 46° N. 11° W., common. May: 32° 8S. 13° E., rare. August: 48°—49° N. 13°—14° W. October: 52° N. 14° W., rare. COPEPODA—ONCAZA, PARACALANUS 79 Temperature: 13, max. 20, min. 12. Salinity: 35.41 to 35.92. Plankton-type. Noted from the Mediterranean. Its range of distribution in the Atlantic is eastern, from 32° S. to 52° N. — S. ONCZEA VENUSTA Puittirrt! 1898 May: 6° N. 56° W. July: 33° N. 74° W. August: Azores: 41° N. 57°—58° W. September: 18° N. 25° W. October: Azores. November: Azores; Rio Janeiro. December: Azores. 1899 March: Azores to 21° N. 43° W. May: 33° Se 167 1K: Temperature: 15.7; to 238. Salinity: 35.29 to 37.28. Plankton-type. Noted from the tropical Pacific, the Medi- terranean and the Atlantic between 5° N.—20° S. 24°—38 W. - LI GGS 2) PARACALANUS ACULEATUS (Girspr. 1898 January: 6° N. 55° W.; 12° N. 50° W. February: 26° N. 74° W. March? 17) 8. to°awe'> 46° Ne 56°), Wi: May:''6°' N. 56° W.; 41° -N. 56° W. August: 41° N. 57°—58° W. November: 17° N. 25° W.; 19° N. 58° W. December: 19° N. 58° W. 1899 April: 9° N. 59°. W. June: 7° N. 25° W. Temperature: 23.9, mean of 14 obs., max. 28, min. 11. Salinity: 35.37, mean of 11 obs., max. 36.33, min. 34.ss. " This species is probably not rare in the tropical Atlantic, but as I fear I have frequently confounded this species with the nearly allied O mediterranea and 0. media, 1 do not publish my older determinations. 80 COPEPODA—PARACALANUS Plankton-type.. Noted from the Pacific, Indian Ocean and Red Sea. According to GresprecHT it occurs in the Atlantic between 3°—8° N. 24°--26° W., thus in the eastern tropical Atlantic. Accor- ding to the above data it follows the Equatorial and Florida Currents and advances in the western Atlantic, during March—August, beyond 40° N. — D. PARACALANUS PARVUS Craus. 1898 January: 12° N. 19°) Wie ced. 17> TW 36M. Bowe February: 5°—6° 8. 4°—12° E.; Caribbean Sea. March: 4° 8. 10° W. to 3°—6° N. 16°—22° W., thence along the African coast to 27° N.; Azores to 46° N. 34° W.; 7° N. 55° W.; Caribbean Sea; 42° N. 42° W. to 40° N. 56° W. April: 42° N. 19° W.41to. 50° N: 10°=3° Wise 62a Niabb? a; Caribbean Sea; 45° N. 40° W. May: 41° N. 16° W. to 49° N. 11°—7° W.; 49° N. 23° W. to 41° Nes 62 96° ON. 562 W. June: area between the Azores, 42° N. 9° W., the English Channel: and 48° N. 35° W.; 19° N. 63° W. July: Azores; 39° N. 23° W.; 48°—50° N. 11°—22° W.; 40°N. 69° W. August: area between 48° N. 23° W., the English Channel and HOteN 20° — 287 Wi) "OB ee Ne ‘bo We 602 NN. 235K: September: area between 46° N. 11° W., the English Channel, 56° N. 27° W. and 48° N. 24° W. October: 42° N. 15° W.; 50° N. 20°—10° W.; 38° N. 74° W. November: Rio Janeiro, abundant; 34° N. 10° W.; Azores; ADIN oF? Wes de NIG2O AA WV 6 NG 936° Ws ea 7 IN 42° W.; 42° N. 64° W. December: 29° S. 49° W.; 44° N. 57° W. 1899 January: 29° N. 16° W.; Fardes, common. March: :33°—37° N. 32°—26° .W.; 48° N. 6° W. April 437 GeN 0° SW. eee oN. 9° WW toy DOl NL! AN O° aN 59° W. May: 32°==29° 'S. 13°—9° Ee; .b7° N.-6° E.5 38° IN: 74° W- July: B62 NAO W. toeb 700 N. 4° GIS AN OS Wie 2, ab August: 55° N. 9°—26° W., rare; 60° N. 3° E. September: 56° N. 24°—33° W., not common. COPEPODA—PLEUROMMA 81 October: 52° N. 14° W. (not rare) to 56° N. 25° W. (common). November: 51° N. 21° W., rare. Temperature: 15.0, mean of 30 obs., max. 28.2, min. 8. (Only ‘such samples considered as contained this species in any abundance). Salinity: 34.88, mean of 30 obs., max. 36.52, min. 31.01. Plankton-type. Noted from the Indian, Pacific and Mediterra- nean. It occurs in the Atlantic both in the eastern and western part. In the east it goes west of the Cape of Good Hope, in the Gulf of Guinea to Cape Verde, the Azores, the English Channel, the Faroe Channel and the North Sea at least to 61° N. In the west it has been seen at Rio Janeiro, along the north coast of 5. America and in the Caribbean Sea, besides above the Newfoundland Banks. — S. - PLEUROMMA ABDOMINALE (Luss). 1898 January: 16° N. 18° W. February: 48° N. 41° W.; 50° N. 31° W. March: 40° N. 56° W. 1899 November: 49° N. 40° W., rare. Temperature: 13.7, mean of 4 obs., max. 20, min. 11. Salinity: 35.17 (one observation). Plankton-type. Noted from the Mediterranean, Indian and Pacific, in the Atlantic from the Canaries. — S. PLEUROMMA GRACILE Craus 1898 February: 48°-—50° N. 41°—31° W. March: 47° N. 27° W. to 40° N. 64° W.; Azores. May: 48° N. 30° W to 41° N. 54° W. June: 48° N. 33° W. July: 48° N. 30° W. September: 33° N. 31° W.; 35° N. 30° W.; 44 N. 16° W. November: 48°—49° N. 29°—28° W. 1899 January: 48° N. 39° W. November: 49° N. 40° W. Temperature: 156, mean of 18 obs., max. 25.s, min. 11. Salinity: 35,69, mean of 16 obs., max. 36.49, min. 34 16. 82 COPEPODA—PONTELLINA, PSEUDOCALANUS Plankton-type. Noted from the Mediterranean, Indian and Pacific. According to the above statements the area of distribution in the Atlantic is from the 8. of the Azores to 40°—50° N. 16°—64° W., thus across the whole Atlantic. It appeares there, midway be- tween Europe and America, in the winter and spreads westwards, so that already in March, it reached nearly to the coast of N. America. It soon became rare in this region, but reappeared in September SW. and NE. of the Azores, in November midway be- tween the Engl. Channel and New York. — S. PONTELLINA PLUMATA Dana. 1898 February: 5° S. 4 E. Marehncs2” Neo 2b) Wade iNest 7 > Wy lle oN. BO] AVE September: Azores. Temperature: 25.3, mean of 5 obs., max. 28, min. 21.7. Salinity: 35.22, mean of 4 obs., max. 36.33, min. 34.12. Plankton-type. Noted from the Cape of Good Hope, Cape Verde, 5° N. 24°—44° W., the Mediterranean and the Pacfic. — D? (Ne... 2). PSEUDOCALANUS ELONGATUS (borcx.) 1898 February: 50° N. 10° W.; 45° N. 50° W. March: Fiaroées; 41°—40° N. 60°—68° W. April: 48° N. 5° W.; 50° N. 10°—3° W.; Shetlands; Farées. May: 50° N. 11° W.; Farées; Shetlands; 62°-—58° N. 4° E.; 40° N. 68° W. Jone. Paroes: Shetlands: 582 INV 22 W 2975 NaZO-MKe 775 Ny 27° E. (deep sea haul. Auriv.) July: Farées; Shetlands; 78° N. 1° E.—3° W.; (deep sea haul. Auriv.) August: Westmannaé; Farées; 60° N. 3° E.; 80° N. 10° E. September: Firées; Rockall (57° N. 14° W.); 74° N. 19° E.; 76° N. 15° E. (deep sea haul. Auriv.) October: Farées; 59° N. 1° W.; 40° N. 67° W. November: 51° N. 2° W.: S. Iceland; Fardes; 45° N. 50° W: December: Firées; 43° N. 61° W. to 47° N. 45° W. 1899 January: Firées, common; 41°—40° N. 69°—66° W. February: Farées, common. COPEPODA—RHINOCALANUS 83 March: aoa N. 20°—23° W., abundant; Faroes. April: 50° N. 6° W.; Farées, abundant. May: N. and s. of Iceland, Fiarées; 60° —61° N. 1° E.; 57° N. 3° E:; 58° N. 3°=—9 °E: June: “GSPN 41° Wi'67° N. 3° W-; 65° N. 1° W.; 64°—62 N. 0°—2° E. julio ae Ne 18. W.; G2 or NO: W.-2° E 0° W.—6° E. August: 56° N. 14° W., not rare; 60° N. 3° E.; 76° N. 41° E. September: 52° N. 55° W., not rare; 69° N. 13° W.; 67° N. Bo Wieroied Nad Es: 74° NOTE EK: } November: 47° N. 51° W., not rare. 56 —58~ Ni Temperature: 8.0, mean of 57 obs., max. 182, min. QO. Salinity: 34.53, mean of 53 obs., max. 35.60, min. 31.77. (The above figures relate to the Atlantic only; it occurs in the Baltic in water with 6 salinity). Plankton-type. Noted from Baffin’s Bay, 76° a 64° W., Davis's Strait, 70° N. 54° W., W. of Spitzbergen, 79° N. 6° W., the Baltic (to Aland) and the Gulf of Finland. Nansen ei it at 78° N. 136° E. — Ng (Ns, T-) RHINOCALANUS CORNUTUS Dana. 1898 March: 42° > Bal W. May: 43° N. 45° W.; 20° N. 60° W. December: ae) Funes: 12° °N»b2° W. Temperature: 20.1, mean of 5 obs., max. 27.1, min. 16. Salinity: 36.21, mean of 5 obs., max. 36.45, min. 36.09. Plankton-type. Noted from the Gulf of Guinea, the Canaries and the Pacific — D. (and S?). RHINOCALANUS NASUTUS Girssr. 1898 January: 21° N. 17° W. March: 6° N. 22° W.: 21° N. 18° W.; Azores; 46° N. 34° W.; 43° N. 41° W.: 40° N. 56° W. 84 COPEPODA—SAPPHIRINA April'47° Ni-31o Ws; 39° Ne 75° Ww: May: 48° N. 30° W.; 41° N. 54° W. Temperature: 15.5, mean of 12 obs., max. 22, min. 11. Salinity: 35.61, mean of 9 obs., max. 36.59, min. 34.16. Plankton-type. Noted from the west of Magellan Straits to 6° N., off Gibraltar, in the Mediterranean and off Scotland. — S. SAPPHIRINA GEMMA Dana. 1898 March: 7°—11° N. 17°—20° W. Temperature: 24.6 to 27.s. Salinity: 35.20 to 35.25. Plankton-type. This species has been found south of the Cape of Good Hope, in the Mediterranean and the Pacific. The plankton in which I found the above specimens was Desmo-plank- ton. — D. SAPPHIRINA NIGROMACULATA Cxraus. 1898 February: 5°-—6° S. 9°—12° W. Mareh: 3° N. 16° W.: 36° N. 29° W. June. 25> Ne 57° We August: 49° N. 23° W.; 44° N. 42° W.; 41° N. 58° W. October: Azores. Temperature: 23.9, mean of 9 obs., max. 282, min. 17.s. Salinity: 33.52, mean of 8 obs., max. 36.59, min. 20.29. Plankton-type. Noted from the Mediterranean and the Paci- fic. According to the above data it has the distribution of the Desmo-plankton, but seems to keep more to the coasts than to the open sea. It follows the other Desmo-species in August to the area between 40°—50° N. — D. SAPPHIRINA OPALINA Dana. 1898 August: 14° N. 70° W., very rare. Temperature: 27.5. Salinity: 34.72. COPEPODA—SAPPHIRINA, SCOLECITHRIX 85 Plankton-type. Noted from the Pacific, Gulf of Panama and the Mediterranean. — D. SAPPHIRINA OVATOLANCEOLATA Dawa. 1899 April: 15° S. 5° W., very rare. Temperature: 23. Salinity: 36.61. Plankton-type. Noted from Rio Janeiro, 18°—20 38° W. and the Mediterranean. — JD. ise SAPPHIRINA SINUICAUDA Brapy. 1898 March, September and October: Azores. Temperature: 17.3 to 21... Salinity : 36.28 to 36.59. Plankton-type. Noted from the Pacific. — S? SAPPHIRINA STELLATA Girspr. 1898 March: 16° N. 47° W. April: 31° N. 75° W. May: 20° N. 60° W. Temperature: 24.1 to 27.1 Salinity: 36.01 to 36.45. Plankton-type. Noted from the west of Australia and the Pacific. My specimens occured in the Antilles and Florida Cur- rents, — J). SCOLECITHRIX DANZ (Lussocx.) 1898 February: 5° S. 9° E. Maeche 3° N. A162 Wet N. 17 W. November: 17° N. 25° W. December: 34° N. 38° W. Temperature: 25.6, mean of 5 obs., max. 28.2, min. 1%... Salinity: 35.28, mean of 5 obs., max. 36.59, min. 33.9s. 86 COPEPODA—SETELLA Plankton-type. Noted from the Pacific, the Mediterranean and Atlantic, 18° $.—18° N. 38°—24° W. According to the above data it occurs west of Africa between 5° S. and 17° N. and SW. of the Azores. — D. SETELLA GRACILIS Dana. 1897 December and 1898. January: 12° 5. 84° W.; cee N,.39° W.t0) 12a Neo@? We: Caribbean Sea; 25°—29° N. 74° W.; 15° N. 16°: W. February: 5° 8. 8°—4° E.; Caribbean Sea; 26°—30° N. 74° W. Morch: area between a> 7s, 27°—15° W. and 10° Ne 20° We Azores; 28° N. 38° W..to 9° N. 53°—59° W.; Caribbean Sea. April: area between 7° N. 54° W., 10° N. 52° W. and 12°N, 51° W.; Caribbean Sea; 31° N. 75° W. May: area between 6° N. 56° W.; 17° N. 50° W., 26° N- 52° W. and 202 3N-602 W241° Ni ote June: area between 10° N. 53° W., 23° N. 42° W., 30° N. 52° W. and 24° N. 58° W. July: 24°—26° N. 54°—-48° W.; Caribbean Sea; 33°—38° N. (Age Ween ON. (67- > Wo to 442 0N, 208) W, August: Caribbean Sea; 42° N. 62° W. to 42° N. 48° W. September: 15°—17° N. 49°—48° W.; Carribean Sea; 41° N. 65° W. to 46° N. 39° W.; Canaries; Cape Verde Islands. October: Caribbean Sea; Bahamas; 34° N. 74° W.; 41° N. 59° W. November: area between 18° S. 31° W., 9° S. 34° W. and 8° N.. 28° W.; Cape Verde Islands; 22° N. 53°..W. to 29° N@=43° W.; 42° N-63°°Ws 47° ON 41? Woe BGO ING 14° AN December: 29° S. 49° W.; 19° N. 58° W. to 28° N. 47° W. 1899. March: 21°—24° N. 40°—43°? Ws April: 32° NE 75° Ww. June: 12°—15° N, 52°—50° W. Temperature: 24.5, mean of 92 obs., max. 28.4, min. 16. Salinity: 35.69, mean of 66 obs., max. 38.54, min. 28.10. Plankton-type. Noted from the Mediterranean and the Pacific. This species occurs in the warmest part of the Atlantic, between Africa and 8. America. It occured in the Sargasso Sea in January COPEPODA—TEMORA 87 to June to about 30° N., then it decreased considerably, but reap- peared in November. It occured in the Florida Current, during January and April, to about 30°, in July north of 40° N. to 58° W., in August to 48 W., in September to 39° W. In the last named month it appeared at the Canaries and the Cape Verde Islands. — D. TEMORA LONGICORNIS (0. F. Mit.) 1898 March: 42°—43° N. 42°—41° W.; 40°—41° N. 68°—70° W. April: 48°—50° N. 5°—3° W. May: 49° N. 23° W.; S. Iceland; area between 58°—59° N. 6°—5° E.; 62° N. 5°——-2° E. and’ 64°-N. 6° E.; 43° N. 43° W. June: 40°—44° N. 10°—9° W.; S. Iceland; Firées. July: 5. Iceland; Fiarées; Shetlands; 59° N. 2° E.; 40° N. 69° W. August: 5S. Iceland; Farées; 58° N. 2° W.—O0° E.; 41. N. 72° W. September: N., S. and E. of Iceland; Fiarées; Shetlands; English Channel. October: Farées, abundant; 41° N. 59° W. November; Fiarées. December: 42° N. 49° W. 1899 May: area between 63° N. 7° W., 60° N. 1° E. and 57° N. OE. June: Westmannaé; 63° N. 1° E. . July: area between 57°—60° N. 1° E. and 58° N. 6° E. September: 72° N. 19° E.; 60°—61° N. 3°—1° E. Temperature: 10.s, mean of 46 obs., max. 21, min. 5.5 Salinity: 54.16, mean of 42° obs., max. 36.21, min. 31.01. Plankton-type. This species occurs from Iceland to the Fardes, the Shetlands, the British Islands, the English Channel, the North Sea and the Skagerak, the Baltic to Aland and the whole coast of Norway to 70° N. 20° E.; in the west above the Newfound- land Banks .along the east coast of N. America. In the winter it may occur §. of 50° N. and in the spring along the Spanish Peninsula. — Ns. (T). 8& COPEPODA—TEMORA TEMORA STYLIFERA (Dana). 1898 January: Azores; 16° N. 18° W. February: 5° 8. 4°—9° E.; Caribbean Sea. March: 4° S. 10° W. to the Cape Verde Islands and 21° N. 18° W., thence to the Azores; 17° N. 47° W.; 7°—9° N. 55°—59° W.; 40° N. 56° W.; 42° N. 42° W. April: 10° N. 52° W. May: 6° N. 56° W.; 17° N. 50° W.; 41° N. 63°—56° W. une LO” iN. 3°. W. July: 33°—38° N. 74° W.; 41° N. 58° W. August: Caribbean Sea; 21° N. 74° W.; 38° N. 74° W.; 41° N. 58° W. to 42° N. 48° W. September: 17° N. 48° W.; 42° N. 57° W. November: Rio Janeiro; Cape Verde Islands; 34° N. 10° W.; 42° N. 64° W. December: 34° N. 38° W. Temperature: 22.6, mean of 40 obs., max. 28.1, min. 11. Salinity: 34.93, mean of 34 obs., max. 36.76, min. 28.10. Plankton-type. Noted from the Mediterranean. It occurs, acording to the above statements, along the coasts of the tropical and subtropical Atlantic, for which reason I have considered this species as belonging to the Styli-plankton of the tropical Atlantic, but the low mean salinity and its absence from the area between the Canaries and the Newfoundland Banks make it more probable that is a tropical, neritic form. — Mt. TEMORA TURBINATA (Dana). 1898 January: 12°—16° N. 19°—18° W. February: 6° S. 12° E. March: 18° N. 18° W. Temperature: 20—22. Salinity: 20.29, (one obs. only). Plankton-type. This species is noted from the Sulu Sea, Hongkong and Amoy. — Jz. COPEPODA—THALESTRIS 89 THALESTRIS KROHNII (Kroyer), G. O. Sars. (Determination by G. O. Sars. 1898 March: 63° N. 2° E., very rare. Temperature: 6.7. Salinity: 35.10. Plankton-type. Noted from the west coast of Norway, espe- cially off Finmark (G. O. Sars). My specimens occured in a very scanty plankton, containing typical Tricho- and Styli-species. — 7? 90 CHETOGNATA—KROHNIA, SAGITTA Chetognata.' KROHNIA HAMATA (Moes.) (STRODTMANN: D. Systematik d. Chztognaten, Berl. 1892, pag. 20). 1898 July: 72° N. 1° E. and 78° N. 1° E.—3° W.; (deep sea hauls. Auriv.) August: 54° N. 47° W.; 77°—80° N. 12°—10° E., (deep sea hauls. Auriv.). September: 56° N. 27°—36° W. 1899 June: 67° N. 3° W., rare; 62°—67° N..0° 37' E.—2° 52' W. from strata below 100 metres. July: 71°—74° N. 21°—18° W., hauls from 280 metres; 53° N. 42° W., rare. September: 62°—67° N. O° 37! E—2° 55! W., (below 50 met- res and a haul from 500 to 25 metres). Temperature: 10° to 11°. Salinity: 34° to 35°. Plankton-type. Noted from 51° S. 9° E. (depth 70 m.), the S. Equatorial and Guinea Currents, the Sargasso Sea and Florida Currents (deep water), Irminger sea and Baffin’s Bay (Chun: D. Bezie- hungen zwischen dem arctischen und antarct. Plankton. Stuttg. 1807) nT SAGITTA ARCTICA Avriv. (Plankton d. Baffins Bay u. Davis’s Strait. Upsala 1896, pag. 188). 1898 July: Spitzbergen; 78° N. 1° E.—3° W. (deep sea haul. Auriv.) August: 81° N. 23° E. (deep sea haul. Auriv.) September: 76° N. 15° E. (deep sea haul. Auriv.) November: 60° N. 1° W. 1899 March: 62° N. 7° W. June: 65°—67° N. 1°—3° W..,. haul from 500 to 200 metres. ' See Steinhaus, D. Verbr. d. Chatognoten Kiel 1896 8°, a paper, with which ] became acquainted first when the above was in the press. CHATOGNATA SAGITTA 9] July: 71°—74° N. 21°—18° W., deep sea haul. September: 67° N. 3° W, haul from 500 metres. Temperature: 5.¢ to 10 (43 to 6.7 Auriv.) Salinity: 35.22 to 35.31 (33.13 to 34.96 Auriv.) Plankton-type. Noted from Batffin’s Bay, Davis's Strait and the Skagerak (surface in February, in deeper water at other periods). — 7. SAGITTA BIPUNCTATA Quoi & Gaim. (STRODTMANN: D. Systematik d. Chetognaten, Berlin 1892, pag. 14). 1898 January: 12°—21° N. 19°—17° W.; 36° N. 27° W. to 46° N. ie We 4G. IN. 255° OW. February: 5°—6° 8. 9°—12° E. March: 6° 8S. 4° W.; 7° N. 17° W. to Cape Verde Islands and 21° N. 18° W.; 36° N. 29° W. to 45°. N. 13° W.:, 49° N. 33° W.; FarGes. April: Caribbean See; 34° N. 74° W.; 41° N. 19° W. iMayerae- N. ok. WW. t034d IN Ad Wi: 58° No 4° Bee 91? (N, Do Wis star NDE? OWis2 442 Ny .639 Wi June: 33° N. 48° W.: Azores. Aitly© BO? JN 2°, Kis w21e Nib8e. Wt 88° N.74°. Wi August: Azores; S. iceland; Farées; 61° N. 4° E. September: 8° N. 25° W.; Azores; 56° N. 21° W., abundant; Fiairdes. October: Azores to 42° N. 15° W.; 57° N. 18° W.: Farées: 34° N: 74° W. : November: area between Rio Janeiro, 26° S. 30° W. and 18° ». d1° W.; 34° N. 10° W.; Azores: 56° N: 17° W.: Fardes. December: Azores; Farées, common. 1899 January: Fiirdes. March: Azores; 44° N. 16° W. June: 17°—19° 8: 2=—0° W. August: 55°—56° N. 23°—26° W. September: 56° N. 24°—30° W. October: 53° N. 37° W. November: 51° N. 21° W.: 49° N. 40° W. Temperature: 19.1, mean of 66 obs., max. 27.5, min 10.2 Salinity: 35.02, mean of 44 obs., max. 37.3, min. 32.70. 92 CHETOGNATA—SAGITTA Plankton-type. This species appeared in June 1899 near St. Helena and was seen in November 1898 off Rio Janeiro. In the northern hemisphere it follows the coasts of both Africa and Ame- rica, but occurs chiefly between the Azores and the Bay of Biscay. Its northern limit seems to be 8S. Iceland, the Fardées and western Norway. It occurs abundantly in the North Sea and the Skagerak. — S. (Nm.). SAGITTA ENFLATA (Grass1.) (STRODTMANN: D. Systematik d. Chzetognaten, Berlin 1892, pag 18). 1898 March: 3° 30' N. 16° W. to 11° N. 20° W., abundant. Temperature: 24.6 to 28.2. Salinity: 34.s6 to 35.25. Plankton-type. Noted from Madeira and the Mediterranean. Evidently a neritic form. — Nt. SAGITTA SERRATO-DENTATA (Kony). (STRODTMANN: D. Systematik d. Cheetognaten, Berlin 1892, pag. 17 fig. 2). 1898 January: 15° N. 18° W. March: 6° 'S. 4° W..-to 23°° Ni 28° -W: * September: 12° N. 27° W. November: 19° N. 58° W. Temperature: 24.2, mean of 8 obs., max. 27.5, min. 20. Salinity: 35.99, mean of 7 obs., max. 36.91, min. 34.s86. Plankton-type. Noted from the Mediterranean. — D. CTENOPHORA-— BEROE 93 Ctenophora. BEROE CUCUMIS Fasr. ({M. Sars: Beskr. og Iakttagelser. Bergen 1835, pag. 30—32. PI. VI, fig.15 a—d.) 1898 July: Spitzbergen; 78° N. 1° E. (deep sea haul, Auriv.) September: Westmannad. 1899 June: Jan Mayen; 74° N. 14° W. July 20° N. 18° W. Temperature: 1,5, mean of 6 obs., max. 8.9, min. —0O.9. Salinity: 35.63, mean of 6 obs. max. 34.94, min. 32.65. Plankton-type. This species is noted from Baffins’ Bay, 78° N., St. Lawrence Gulf, Bay of Massachusetts, the Shetlands, Scotland, Holland, Heligoland and the Skagerak (Aurivitiius). — T. Nog. leo) HN SIPHONOPHORA— VELELLA Siphonophora. VELELLA SPIRANS Forskat. (Chun. Ergebnisse d. Plankton Exp. Siphonophoren, pag. 93). 1899 August (29): 60° bb’ N: O° 20! W: Temperature: 12.6. Salinity: 35.41. Plankton-type. Found by the Plankton-Expedition (Brandt Reisebeschr. Pl. VII) in September in the Guinea current, W. of Africa, and in the S. Equatorial Current near S. America. Occurs in the Mediterranean and probably in the Pacific. — D. ACRASPEDA—CYANEA 95 Acraspeda. CYANEA ARCTICA Per. & Les. (Hkl. Syst. d. Medusen pag. 530.) 1899 July: 74° N. 18° W. (fide J. Anwinsson). Plankton-type. Noted from Spitzbergen, Greenland and the Atlantic coast of North America to New York. — 7. (Ns). 96 CRASPEDOTA—AGLANTHA, CODONIUM Craspedota. AGLANTHA DIGITALE (0. F. Miuxt.)' (Hkl. Syst. d. Medusen pag. 272, Pl. XVI, fig. 5, 6.) 1898 May:.57° N. 25° W. to 60° N. 7° W., rare to common. June: 60° N. 8°--9° W.; 60° N. 14° W. July: 78° N. 3° W. (deep sea haul). August: 65° N33 W., not rare; 62° Nu 18° W.; rare: 1899 June: 64° N, O° E. (deep sea haul); 67° N. 3° W. (deep sea haul). July: 74° N. 18° W. (deep sea haul). September; ol N. 1° H:, not rare; 63° N. 1°, rare; 67-9N 3° W. (deep sea haul). Temperature: 9.7, mean of 7 obs. Salinity: 35.43, mean of 7 obs., max. 35.57, min. 35.24. Plankton-type. This species seems to occur in the Northern Pacific (A. Kamtschatica Branpt). It is noted from Baffin’s Bay, Davis’s Strait, Newfoundland to about 42° N., from the Shetlands and Norway. — 7° CODONIUM PRINCEPS Hkt. (System de Medusen I p. 13 PI. I fig. 1, 2, 1879.) 1898 August: 78°—80° N. 27°—11° E. (Aurtvit.tus). 1899 June: 64° N. O° E. (fide J. Arwipsson). September: 74° N. 18° E. Temperature: 1 to 3.5. Salinity: 32.96 to 34.53. Plankton-type. — 7: ' Ostenfeld’s data used. CRASPEDOTA—PECTYLLIS, STEENSTRUPIA, TIARA 97 PECTYLLIS ARCTICA HackeEt. (Syst. d. Medusen I pag. 266). 1898 July: 78° N. 19° E. (Aurtvitivs). 1899 July: 75°—72° N. 17°-—22° W. (hauls from 180 and 350 metres). August: 71°—74° N. 22°—25° W. (hauls from 70 and 125 metres). Plankton-type. Noted from Greenland (72° N. 51°—55° W. Auriv.) and Halifax (haul from 2,500 m.) Remark. ‘The above data for 1899 have been communicated by J. Arwipsson. STEENSTRUPIA GALANTHUS Hk. (Syst. d. Medusen pag. 31.) 1898 June: Fires. July and August: Westmannad. Temperature: 7.6 to 10.2. Salinity: 34.05 to 35.05. Plankton-type. Noted from the British coasts, east’and west, the Shetlands and Heligoland. — WNs. TIARA PILEATA L. Aaass. (H&cKEL. Syst. d. Medusen pag. 58 Pl. III fig. 6—8.) 1898 September: 61° N. 1° E. (haul from 100 and 25 metres). Plankton-type. Noted from the Mediterranean and the Atlan- tic coasts of France, Gt. Britain and Norway. — S. (Nm.) “J 98 ZOANTHARIA—ARACHNACTIS Zoanthapia. ARACHNACTIS ALBIDA M. Sars. (Vanhiffen: Biblioth. zool. 1895 XX PI. 1.) 1898 August: 60° N 4° W.; 61° N. O° W., common. September : 60° .N. 6° W.;, 60° N. 3° W., not rare. 1899 September: 62° N. 1° E., rare. | Temperature: 12.1, mean of 4 obs., max. 13, min. 10.u. Salinity: 35.37, mean of 4 obs., max. 35.47, min. 35.24. Plankton-type. This species is only known to exist from about 56° N. 20° W. to 61° 50' N. 5° 20’ E. -The mean temperature and salinity agree with the numbers for Styli-plankton, but as long as the distribution is not better known, the plankton-type may be undecided. 1 Ostenfeld’s data used. CILIATA—-AMPHORELLA 99 Ciliata. AMPHORELLA AMPHORA (Crap. & LAcum.) Enrz.! (v. Dapay Mitth. zool. stat. Neapel. Vol. VII. 1887, pag. 535. Pl. XVIII fig. 4. JORGENSEN Bergens Mus. Aarbog 1899, pag. 12) 1897 December: 34° N. 30° W.; 39° N: 24° W.; 12° N: 50° W. 1898 February: 34° N. 73° W. March: 32° N. 74° W. April: 42° N. 47° W. June: 37° N. 25° W. te 50° N: 12° W. August: S. of Iceland; 44° N. 42° W.; 40° N. 66° W. September: 46° N. 11° W.; N. and SW. of Iceland; 41° N. 65° W. October: 57° N. 27° W. to the Fiirée Channel. November: 34° N. 10° W.; 56° N. 23° W:: 48° 'N. 29° W.: 47°— 48° N. 41° W.; Faroe Channel. December: 49° N. 30°—35b° W. 1899 January: 31° N. 16° W. March: 372 Ns 26°: W. April: 44° N. 17°—18° W. dunes 2OP2S5 1°) Bil tor 42) |S. .19° W.. July: 45°—48° N. 31°—25° W. November : 51° N. 28° W. Temperature: 16.3, mean of 36 obs., max. 26.7, min. 7. Salinity: 35.50, mean of 30 obs., max. 36.59, min. 33.78. Plankton-type. Noted from the Mediterranean. Its distribu- tion in the Atlantic is on the whole an eastern one, from the W. of S. Africa to Iceland; but it has nevertheless been seen, although very seldom, in the western area. — S. ‘ Ostenfeld’s data for Tintinnus quadrilineatus included. 100 CILIATA—AMPHORELLA AMPHORELLA GANYMEDES Envz. (Tintinnus gan. Entz. Mitth. Zool. Stat. Neapel. Vol. V. 1884, pag. 409, Pl. XXIV fig. 17, 18. Amph. gan. v. Dad. |. c. Vol. VII pag. 589. Pl. XVIII fig. 18) 1898 March: 41° N. 21° W.;.45° N.. 13°. W. Aprit:) 41" WN. V9" Ws) 48" Ne ao ray May: 50° N. 14° W. to 42° N: 61° W. June: 50° N. 12° W.; 44° N. 9° W. August: 49° N. 14° W. to 48° N. 24° W. September: Azores to the Engl. Channel; 50° N. 11° W. November: 45°—49° N. 7°—12° W.; 48° N. 41° W. to 43° N. 61° W. December: 50° N. 20° W. to 41° N. 66° W. 1899 March: 30° N. 35° W. April: 42°) N.13° W..30° N.. 74° WW: May: 30° N. 35° W. June; LO pao to 4a. LO" Wo July: 48° N. 23° W. to 45° N. 31° W. Temperature: 16.01, mean of 41 obs., max. 221, min. 10 (ex- ceptional cases 26.7 and 5). Salinity: 35.35, mean of 35 obs., max. 36.85, min. 32.01. Plankton-type. Noted from the Mediterranean. The distribu- tion in the Atlantic is on the whole eastern, from the W. of 8. Africa to the Azores, the Bay of Biscay and the mouth of the Engl. Channel, thence (from May to December) across the Atlantic towards New York. Not seen N. of 50° N. — S. AMPHORELLA STEENSTRUPII (Crap. & Lacum.) (JORGENSEN Bergens Mus. Aarbog 1899 N:o 2, pag. 12 Pl. I fig. 3.) 1898 March: 41°: N. 21° W.; 32° N. 74° W. April: 44° N. 45° W.; 42° N. 47° W. May: 50°. N. 14° W. to 48° N. 33° W.; 42°°N. 61° W June: 50° N. 12° W.; 48°—45° N. 338°—41° W. July: 49° N. 22° W.; 41° N. 58° W. to 40° N. 69° °W. August: 49° N. 13° W.; 48° N. 37° W. to 41° N. 65° W. September: 48° N. 7° W.; 48°—47° N. 24°—33° W. CILIATA—AMPHORELLA 101 November: 45° N. 72 .W.; 40°—48° N. 31°—41° W.; 43°—42° 61°— 64° W. December : 48°—49° N. 40°—30° W.; 43° N. 61° W. 1899 January: 35° N. 9° W.; 40° N. 66° W. March: 44° N. 16° W.; 37 N. 26° W. April: 44° N. 15° W. May : 50° N. 33° W. June 20 7S 1° Ee 3° S23 Ww. July: 45°—40° N. 31°—38° W.; 48° N. 23° W. September: 59° N. 5° E. November: 51° N. 13° W. to 56° N24? Ww. Temperature: 16.99, mean of 47 obs., max. 27.2, min. 8. Salinity: 35.11, mean of 43 obs., max. 36.47, min. 31.s4. Plankton-type. Noted from the Mediterranean. It has been found, once, in the Florida Current, and, once, S E. of St. Helena. Its principal area of distribution is between 40° and 50° N, across the -Atlantic. — S. AMPHORELLA SUBULATA (Exp.) (v. Dapay Mitth. Zool. St. Neapel Vol. VII 1887 p. 536 PI. XVIII fig. 7.) 1898 June: 40° N. 10° W. September: 5Oes NOS Wee 402" Ne oo WW! Temperature: 11.s to 17.2. Salinity: 35.37 to 3546 (evidently anomalous). Plankton-type. ‘This species is found in the black Sea, the Mediterranean, the White Sea and the Baltic, (from Kiel to the Gulf of Finland and Kopparstenarna). Its rare occurrence in the ocean and its geographical distribution prove it to be a neritic form. — Ns and Nm. AMPHORELLA VITREA (Branp7). (Tintinnus vitreus Brandt Bibl. Zool. 1896 p. 54 Pl. HI f. 8, 9.) 1899 August: 80° N. 16° E. Temperature: — 0.s. Salinity: 25.36. Plankton-type. Noted from W. Greenland. — Ng. 102 CILIATA—CODONELLA CODONELLA AMPULLA Fot. (Petalotricha amp. v. Dad. Mitth. Zool. Stat. Neapel Vol. VII, 1887, pag. 573 Pl. XXI fig. 7—12, 14, 17, 18). 1897 December: 45°—43° N. 13°—18° W. 1898 February: 34° N. 74° W. March: 32° N: 32° W.: 12° N> Si? WF 982° oN. 72> We May: 43° N. 43° W. July and September: Azores. November: 50° N. 31° W. to 47° N. 41° W. December: area between 34° N. 38° W., 44° N. 10° W., 50° IN-9"" W. “and “50° (Ne 202 "Wi 43° N. 57° W. 1899 January: 48° N. 39° W. May: 25° §. 7° E. sune: 17°°'S. 2° We November: 49° N. 40° W.: 51° N. 34° W. Temperature: 16.39, mean of 19 obs., max. 25.3, min. 10. Salinity: 35.83, mean of 14 obs., max. 36.59, min. 34.04. Plankton-type. Noted from the Mediterranean. Its distri- bution in the Atlantic is essentially eastern, from the west of 5S. Africa to 50° N., but it has been found, although rarely, N. of S. America and in the Florida Current. — S. CODONELLA CASSIS (Hkt.) (Cyttarocylis cassis Fol. Arch. sc. phys. nat. 3 ser. Vol. V. pag. 22, 1881 Pl. I fig. 6 — v. Dapay Mitth. Zool. Stat. Neapel Vol. VII, 1887, pag. 580 Pl. XXI fig. 3). 1898 January: 35° N. 74 W. February: 26°—30° N. 74° W. March: area between the Canaries, 41° N. 21°—23° W., 28° Ne 88>Wiiwand: 22° No29o Wee The oN “40a April: 44° N: 19°. W.. T2 oe bt Wer No gO” OW: May: 26° N. 42° W.; 46°. N. 35° W. to 41° N. 51° W. July: da N. 74°" W, October: Azores; 21° S. 36° W. November: 51° N. 20° W.; area between the Canaries, 36° N. 14° W. and 26° N. 48° W.- 18°—19° S.°3i" We December: Azores to 25° N. 51° W. CILIATA—CODONELLA 108 1899 February: 32° N. 47° W. March: 36°—37° N. 29°=-26°. W. May: 35° N. 75° W. June: 14°°$.°79° W. Temperature: 19.s6, mean of 45 obs., max. 25.9, min. 11.7. Salinity: 36.51, mean of 34 obs., max. 37.413, min. 35.00. Plankton-type. This species is found in the Mediterranean and occurs also in the Indian Ocean. It occurs in the Atlantic, more frequently in the eastern than in the western area, and especially between the Canaries, the Azores and the middle of the Sargasso Sea. Its northern limit is (in May) about 40°—45°, ex- ceptionally 50°. — D. (S.). CODONELLA LAGENULA (Cxiar & Lacuy). (Entz. Mitth. Zool. Stat. Neapel. Vol. V. 1884 pag. 413 Pl. XXIV fig. 11, 15, 16 C. galea Hkl. Dictyocysta polymorpha Entz? Codonella perforata Entz?) 1897 December and 1898 January: 46° N. 11° W. to 7° N. 53° W.; -32°.N. 74° W. February: 26°—34° N. 73°—74° W. March: Canaries; 41° N. 20° W..to 17°. N. 47° W.; 28° N. 74° W. April: 10°—15° N. 538°—49° W. May: area between 17° N. 50° W., 21° N. 48° W. and 28° N. AT W:: 48° N. 25° W. to 41° N. 56° W. June: area between the Azores, 47° N. 32° W. and 30° N. 36°—52° W. July: area between 49° N. 22° W., 41° N. 17° W. and 26°N. 48° W.; 40° N. 67° W. August: mouth of the English Channel to the Newfoundland Banks; 40° N. 66° W. September: area between the Azores, 46° N. 11° W. and 49° N. 21° W. October: 48° N. 38° W. November: Cape Verde Islands to the Canaries; area between the Azores, 26° N. 48° W. and 48° N. 29°—41° W. December: Canaries; Azores; 50° N. 20° W. 104 CILIATA—-CODONELLA 1899 January: Canaries; 48° N. 39° W. February: 32°—34° N. 47°—40° W. March: round the Azores; 24° N. 40° W. April: 38" Neder ow.: 42° N. 18 oo Wot SNe 7 oe We June AS? NOC W210 30° IN. 297 Wee: Sook 20° -W. October: 52°. N; 21°. W. November: .51° N. 21° W. Temperature: 20.27, mean of 94 obs., max. 28, min. 11. Salinity: 35.24, mean of 60 obs., max. 37.50, min. 33.20. Plankton-type. This species occurs in the Mediterranean and in the Indian Ocean. It is more frequent in the eastern than in the western Atlantic. Rare specimens may drift as far north as 3ergen (JORGENSEN). — D. S. \ CODONELLA MORCHELLA (C1. (Ofvers. af Kong]. Sv. Vetensk. Akad. Férhand. 1899 n. 10 pag. 969). 1898, February: 13> N. (70° WwW. August: 41° N. 57° W. September: 41° N. 65° W. November: 36° N. 14° W. Temperature: 17.5 to 26.1. Salinity: 34.33 to 36.54. Plankton-type. This species occurs in the Red Sea and Spe bl Indian Ocean. CODONELLA ORTHOCERAS Hk. (v. Dapay: Mitth. Zool. Stat. Neapel Vol. VI, 1886, pag. 494, Pl. XXV. fig. 12. Codonella annulata v. Dad. 1. c. Vol. VIL pag. 571 Pl. XX. fig. 21). 1897 December: 12° N. 50° W. 1898 January: Vi N. 20° W152 N.. 74° W. February: Caribbean Sea; 21° N. 74° W.. to 34° N. 73° W. March: Canaries; Caribbean Sea. August: 41°—42° N. 50°—51° W. October: 42° N. 50° W.: 40° "N.- 67° W: SILIATA—CODONELLA 105 November: °36° N. 14° W.; 48°—50° N. 29°—20° W.; 42° N. 64° W. December: Azores; 34° N. 38° W. 1899 January: Canaries. June: 19° 8S. 1° W. Temperature: 20.08, mean of 21 obs., max. 26.3, min. 16.s. Salinity: 35.26, mean of 10 obs., max. 36.59, min. 32.51. Plankton-type. Noted from the Canaries and the Mediterranean. | have found it in a collection from Aden. It enters the Atlantic W. of S. Africa and occurs in the northern hemisphere round the Sargasso Sea. Its northern limit is about 50° N. — S. CODONELLA PUSILLA CL. (Ofvers. af Kongl. Sv. Vetensk. Akad. Férh. 1899 n. 10 pag. 970). 1898 October: 41° N. 67° W. November. ‘43° N. 61° W.; 51° N.,20°.W. to 50° N. 31° W. December: 45° N. 51° W. to 42° N. 63° W. 1899 January: 40° N. 66° W. April: 46°'N. 13°° W. November: 51° N. 21°. W. Temperature: 9 to 14 (exceptionally 5). Salinity: 35 to 35.75 (eastern Atlantic) or 32.01 to 33.ss (western Atlantic). Plankton-type. — \S. CODONELLA VENTRICOSA (Cxiapv. & Lacum.)! (Tintinnus ventricosa Entz. Mitth. Zool. Stat. Neapel Vol. V, 1884, pag. 413, Pl. XXIV fig. 24), 1898 June: 40° N. 10° W.; 60° N. 8° W. August: 50°—54° N. 10°—5° W.; 60° N. 2°—3° W.; Firées; 40° N. 67° W. September: 49°—50° N. 3°—10° W.; SW. of Iceland. October: 49° N. 10°—20° W. November: 51° N. 1°—10° W.; 36° N.. 14° W. December: 41° N. 66° W. ' Ostenfeld’s data used. 106 CILIATA—CYTTAROCYLIS 1899 March: 49° N. 9°. W.; 66° N. 19° W. to 65° N. 24° W. April: 50° NivGo W Temperature: 11.3, mean of 24 obs., max. 24, min. —1.z. Salinity: 35.15, mean of 24 obs., max. 36.54, min. 34.16 (common). Plankton-type. Noted from the Mediterranean. It occurs in the Atlantic from Gibraltar and the coast of Portugal to the Engl. Channel, Scotland and Iceland (passing round this island) as well as in the North Sea, the White Sea and the western Baltic. If occurs also E. of New York: — Nm. Ns. CYTTAROCYLIS ACUMINATA v. Dap. (Mitth. Zool. Stat. Neapel. Vol. VII, 1887. pag. 578 Pl. XII, fig. 33.) 1898 Janary: 24° N. 40° W. to 7° N. 53° W. February: Caribbean Sea; 13° N. 70° W. to 30° N. 74° W. March: 28° N. 74° W.; Azores’to 7° N. 55° W.; 23°—26° N. 28°—29° W. April: 10° N..58° Ws 27° N. 7oR Wi May: area between 29° N. 39° W., 6° N. 56° W. and 23° N. Do” We. 43...N.,45° W..to 429 Nisei Wi: June: Canaries; area between the Azores, 36° N. 44° W., 22° N. 60° W. and 23° N. 42° W.; 42° N. 50° W. July: Azores; 25° N. 48° W. to 31° N. 39° W.; 41° N. 48° W. to 40° N. 67° W. August: Azores; 48° N. 24° W. to 41° N. 65° W. September: area between 31° N. 33° W., 50° N. 11° W. and 46° N. 39° W. October: Azores; 21° S. 36° W. November: 24°—26° 'S: "29°--30" “W.; 5° S. 33° W. to the Canaries; Azores; 26° N. 48° W.; 48° N. 29° W. to 42° N. 64° W. December: S. of Rio Janeiro; Canaries; Azores; 34° N. 38° W.; Carribean Sea. 1899 January: Canaries. May: 29° St SE: to. Fash 7P is. June: 24° 8. 6° E. to, 10° S...41° We at Ne aaeow. July: 25° NAAT? Ws 4° Neal? WN, CILIATA—-CYTTAROCYLIS 107 ee, a 22.6, mean of 101 obs., max. 27.2, min. 9.7. Salinity: 35.95, mean of 78 obs., max. 37.43, min. 33 20. Plankton-type. ‘This species occurs in the Mediterranean and the Indian ocean. Its range of distribution in the Atlantic is bet- ween 29° S. and (in May to November) 40°—50° N. It is stationary at the Azores. — D. S. CYTTAROCYLIS AMOR C1. (Ofvers. K. Sv. Vetensk. Akad. Férh. 1899 n. 10, pag. 970.) 1897 December and 1898 Januari: 7° N. 53° W. to 18° N. 46° W.; 26°—35° N. 74° W.. oo Ne DO Februarg: Carribean Sea; Antilles Current. March: Carribean Sea; 41° N. 21° W. April: 7°—10° N. 55°—51° W. May: 27° N. 48° W.; 32° N. 36° W.; 45° N. 42° W. June: the Canaries and the Azores to 42° N. 50° W.; 50° N. 12° Wis 30° N,. 522M. July: 29°—26° N. 44°—48° W.; 40° N. 67° W. August: 40° N. 59°—66° W. September: 33°—35° N. 31°—30° W; 17°—20° N. 48°—-45° W.; Bahamas; 42° N. 57° W. October: Azores; 41°—42° N. 59°-—50° W. November : anette to BP Sy 33h Ww. December: Canaries; Carribean Sea. 1899 April: 32°—36° N. 75°—74° W. June: 12°--21° N.| 52°—46° W.. 3° S.; 20° W. to 19° S. 1° W. July: S.W. of the Cape Verde Islands. Temperature: 23.3, mean of 65 obs., max. 28, min. 13.4, ex- ceptionally 11.7. Salinity: 36.09, mean of 43 obs., max. 37.05, min. 34.38, excep- tionally 32.51. Plankton-type. ‘This species occurs in the Indian Ocean. — D. 108 CILIATA—CYTTAROCYLIS CYTTAROCYLIS (?) CALYPTRA Cu. (Tintinnus? Cr. Kongl. Sv. Vetensk. Akad. Handl. Vol. XXXII n. 3, pag. 24. Er Lae. ay 1898, August:\\76>,. Nx 41° KE. Temperature: 5.1. Salinity: 35.03. Plankton-type. ‘This species was found very sparingly among Styli-plankton. — S.? CYTTAROCYLIS DENTICULATA (Ess.).' (C. denticulata, C. media, C. gigantea, C. edentata Branpr Bibl. Zool. H. 20 Lfg. 2, 1896. C. elegans, C. obtusangula Ostenf. Zool. Anzeiger Vol. XXII n. 601 pag. 437 C. d. v. obtusa Auriv. Conf. JORGENSEN: ‘Bergens Museums Aarbog 1899.) 1898 January and February: 37° N. 73° W. March: 61° °N. 11°=-26° W. April: NW. and 8S. of Iceland; Fairée Channel; Shetlands; N. of Rockall; 59° N. 22°—28° W.; 57°—58° N. 43°—50° W.; 42° N. 47° W. to 43° N. 50 W. May: between Jan Mayen and Greenland; 8. of Iceland; Fir- des; 58° N. 2°—5° E. to 66° N. 9° E.; area between: Scot- land, 63° N. 38° W. and 57° N. 28° ‘W.; 42° N. 50° W. to 40° N. 72° -W. e June: N. and 8. of Iceland; Farées to- 62° N. 2° E.; N. Scot- land to the north of Rockall; 67° N. 10° E to Tromsée; Beeren Island; 8. and 8.E. of Spitzbergen; 57° N. 34°—38° W.; 5. of Cape Farewell to Disco. July: 77°-—78° N. O° W.—7° E.; round Iceland; Iceland to the Farées; Farée Channel to the Shetlands and to 59° N. 21° W.; Irminger Sea; 57° N. 47° W. August: round Iceland; Iceland to the Fiirdes and the Shetlands ; Irish Channel; E. of Greenland (70° to 66° N.); Denmarks Sound; Davis’s Strait to Disco; 42° N. 48° W. to 52° N. 55° W. September: round Iceland, thence to the Firdes and Scotland ; 71°==76-aN:~ 20°—0° Ee Denmarks, Sound: 55° "N- 35. We W. Greenland from 65° N. to Disco; Davis's Strait. ’ Ostenfeld’s data used. CILIATA—-CYTTAROCYLIS 109 October: Ieeland to the Fiirées and Scotland; 57°-—58° N. 27 —32° W. to Greenland and Davis’s Strait; 42° N..50° W. to 41° N. 67° W. November: S. Iceland to the Firédes, the Shetlands and Scot- land;: 51° N. 20°: W.; common; 60° N. 34° W.; 55° N. 36 W. to 40° N. 67° W. December: N. of Scotland; 48° N. 40° W. to 43° N. 61° W:! 1899 January: Firées, rare; 40° N. 66° W. to 41° N. 69° W. March: 64° N. 10° W. May: 60° N.,4° W. to 64° N. 10° W.,. rare to common; 66 N. 24° We-rare-> 27°" N. 57° We June: Jan Mayen and 70° N. 13° W., not common; 67° N. 3° W. (rare).to 63° N. 1° E. (very common); 62° N. 2° E., very common; 64°—66° N. 7°—10° E.; 70° N. 20° E. to Beeren Island;.78° N. 12° E. Fulge ts. Niwot. WW. care, OO) N. 14° Ko rare: 7 Ne oo" Eh; BT Neel. We. August: 73° N. 22°—24° W., rare; 72° N. 26° E. to 76° N. 41° E.; 80° N. 51° 30! E., rare; 54° N. 46° W.; 52° N. 53° W. September: 80° N. 16° E. to 79° N. 10° E. and thence to 72 N. {9° E., as a rule common; 56° N 38° W. to 52° N. 55 W., more or less rare. October: 54° N. 45° W., not rare. November: 53° N. 43° W. to 47° N. 51° W., rare. Temperature: 8.3, mean of 63 obs., max. 14, min. 2.7 (only such samples as contained this species abundantly have been con- sidered). Salinity: 34.71, mean of 63 obs., max. 35.59, min. 31.96. Plankton-type. ‘This species occurs in the Bering Sea. The somewhat high salinity indicates that this species occurs both in ‘Tricho- and Chveto-plankton. — 7° (C.) ‘ Misprint in my paper: Ofvers. 1899 p. 796, where 33° N. is given. 110 CILIATA—-CYTTAROCYLIS CYTTAROCYLIS HEBE Ct. (Ofvers. Kong]. Vet. Akad. Férh. 1899 n. 10 pag. 971). 1898 January: 32°—35° N. 74° W. February: 26°—30° N. 74° W. March: eae N. 74° W. g% W. May: 28°— 29° “on 7°—39° W.; 43° N. 43°—44° W. Sune: 23> ON. 42° W.. 99° N. 36° W.; Azores; 48° N. 33° W. Julyz.,.20°. N. 43° Whoto,the Azores; 41° Ni DigpW.; 48° N. 30° W.; 42° N. 48° W. to 40° N. 67° W. August: Azores; 50° N. 10°. W.; 44° N. 42° W. to 40° N. 67° W. September: 27°) N. 36" W. to 48° 'N. 7° .W.; 48° No 30° W.; AGo NetBOo We 42° Nevo) Wisi ale (Ne Gao We October: 41°—42° N. 59°—50° W. INoveniperse ce — 24 45.329 —a0., W.- SoS. oa oWeteao Ne 61° W.; 42° N. 64° W.; 47°—48° N. 41°—29° W.; Canaries; 24r Neoolo Ww. December: 22° N. 56° W. 1899 March: 24° N. 40° W.; 35° N. 16° W. April: pe NA wo” OW: May 2242 S. 7° Ke SD -ONE for. WW. June: B48 S00" oe 21°—24° N. 45°—42° W.; Azores. tuly: 30° WN. BI W.to 40> IN. '29" W. November: 51° N. 21° W., rare. Temperature: 21.2, mean of 88 obs., max. 28, min. 10. Salinity: 35.53, mean of 71 obs., max. 37.63, min. 32.51. Plankton-type. This species occurs in the Red Sea and in the Indian Ocean. In the Atlantic it occurred in the tropical and subtropical region, in the winter and spring (June) to about 35°—40° N. In July—September it had advanced beyond 40° N. towards Nova Scotia and Newfoundland, in August—September towards the English Channel. In November it was seen in the region of the Canaries. — D. CYTTAROCYLIS 111 CILIATA CYTTAROCYLIS HEBE VAR. APOPHYSATA (CL. (Ofvers. af Kongl. Sv. Vetensk. Akad. Férh. 1899 n. 10 pag. 971): 1897 December and 1898 January : 17°—-15°: S.. 389-37, W.; 7°: N. 22° W.;111° N. 52° W. to 32° N. 33° W.; Caribbean Sea; 32°—35° N. 74° W.«. February: Caribbean Sea; Bahamas. March: 3°—6° N. 24°--22° 'W.; 9°+10° N. 53°—59°. W. to 22° N. 43° W. April: 7°—12° N. 55°-—51° W.; Caribbean Sea. May: area between ‘11°'N. 52° W., 26° N. 42° W. and 26° N. 52° W.; 42° N. 61° W. to 45° N. 42° W.; 48° N. 26°— 30° W. June: Madeira; Azores; 20° N. 52° W. July: 25°—38° N. 74° W.; 40° N. 67° W.; Azores. 38° N. 74°°'W.- 40° 'N. 66° W: to 42° 'N? 56° W.; August: 22° Azores. September: 8°—18° N. 25° W.; 9° N. 53° W.; 41° N. 69° W.; Azores; 44°—46° N. 16°—14° W. October: Caribbean Sea; 26°—30° N. 76°—74° W.; 41° N. 59° W. November: 9° S. 34° W.; 4° N. 30° W.; 17°. N. 25° W.; 19 N. 58° W. December: 26° S. 45° W.: 14° S. 26° W.; Caribbean Sea; 28° N. 47° W. ‘ 1899 March: 18°—21° N. 45°—43° W. June 4e2= 11% Ss t6r 10°" Ws) 128 oe Na a9", W. July~ 23° Ni.36° We; 38° N. 39% W. 15° NW. 52° 50r Wes Temperature: 23.;, mean of 84 obs., max. 28.2, min. 9,7. Salinity: 35.03, mean of 62 obs., max. 38.51, min. 52.96. Plankton-type: J). 142 CILIATA—CYTTATROCYLIS CYTTAROCYLIS NORVEGICA (v. Dan.).' (JORGENSEN: Bergens Museums Aarbog 1899 n. 11 pag. 28 PI. I fig. 10). 1898 April:-43° N.50° W.; 63° N. 18° W.;°66°° N: 24°° WwW. May ::43°0N 0 2° (Wa B82 N. QAP u NW. 638 Ni 17% We June: Sit. leeland ‘to Scotland; 622 IN; 2°30" Eo; 57° Ne 34° W. to S.W. of Greenland; Davis’s Strait to Disco. July: 5. Iceland to the Far6es and 61° N. 4° W.; 60° N. 428° -W.; 57°.N. 47° W. August: round Spitzbergen; S. Iceland to the Shetlands; E. Greenland. September: Spitzbergen to Beeren Island; 58° N. 39° W. to 5.W. of Greenland; W. Greenland to Disco. October: \G1°-—62RiNe 3 i We: 572) N27? We bee NE 48) W. November: 48°—42° N. 49°—64° W. December: 43°. N. 61° W. to 42° N. 49° W. and to 45° N. baw W.. 1899 January: 40°—41° N. 66°—69° W. March: 65° N. 24° W. May: 61° N. 5°—6° and 20° W. June: 72° 7p NYSP —17° KE. July 7D° Ny 14° Ey; 74° Ny 208 W.;.52° N. 54° W. September: 73°—78° N. 19°—12° E.; 54° N. 48° W.‘ 47° N. 51° W. a! e — Oo Temperature: 56, mean of 45 obs., max. 16, min. Ov. Salinity: 34.22, mean of 44 obs., max. 35.37, min. 31.96, exceptionally 26.51. Plankton-type. Arctic species. — 7. (Ns. Ng.). CYTTAROCYLIS SERRATA (Mors.) (JORGENSEN: Bergens Museums Aarbog 1899 N. 2. Pl. I fig. 11-12. Ptychocylis Ehrenbergii Cl. Kong]. Vet. Akad. Handl. Vol. XXXII n. 8 pag. 16). 1898 January: 12° N. 19° W. June: 40°—42° N. 10°—9° W. August: 58°.N. 7° W. 1899 May: 83° 5. 16° E. ' Ostenfeld’s data used. CILIATA—CYTTAROCYLIS 113 Temperature: 16.4, mean of 5 obs., max. 22, min. 12. Salinity: 34.88 to 35.51. Plankton-type. The rare occurrence of this species in the ocean, where it is always to be seen near the coasts, indicates that it is a neritic form. The above statements show that it occurs along the eastern coasts, from the Cape of Good Hope to Scotland. — Nm. CYTTAROCYLIS SIMPLEX C1. (Ofvers. af Kongl. Sv. Vet. Akad. Férh. 1899 n. 10 pag. 972). 1897 December: 19° N. 45° W.; 32° N. 33° W. 1898 April: 31° N. 75° W. June: 37° N. age ° W., SO? N. 52°: Wise O7 Na bara July: 33° N. 74° W. August: 42° N. 62° W. September: 56° N. 12° W.; 41° N. 65° W. October: 41° N. 67° 'W. November: 56° N. 23° W.; 50° N. 31° W.; 41°—43° N. 69° —61° W. 1899' June: 20° S:'1° E. Temperature: 19.3, mean of 16 obs., max. 27.2, min. 10.s. Salinity: 35.22, mean of 14 obs., max. 36.71, min. 32.20. Plankton-type. JW. CYTTAROCYLIS TREFORTI v. Dap.' (Mitth. Zool. Stat. Neapel Vol. VII 1887 pag. 579 Pl. XXI fig. 1). 1897 December: 32° Nudes Wa to) 40. Ne Io WwW. 1898, January: 27° N. 37° W.; 46° N. 11° W.; 25°—32° N. 74° W. February: 26 °—30° N. 74° W. March: 25° N. 41° W.; 28° N. 74° W.; 43°—45° N. 48°— 36° W. May: 43° N. 11° W.; 50° N. 14° W.; 41° N. 56° W June: 44° N. 9° W. July: 48° N. 30° W.; 26° N. 48° W.; 21° N. 58° W. August: Azores; 48° N. 24° W.; 56° N. 20° W.; 40° N. 66° W. 1 The Atlantic from differs from the Mediterranean in the absence of the apophysis on the apical spine. 114 CILIATA—DICTYOCYSTA September: 50° N. 9° ‘W. to 56° N. 14° W.; 38° N. 74° W. October: 56° N. 25° W.; 42° N. 50° W:; 44° N. 59° 'W. November: 45° N. 7° 'W:; 48° N. 29° W.: 47°—-48° N. 41° W.: 43° N. 61° W. December: Azores; 38° N. 29° W.; 41° N. 66° W. 1899 March: 47° N. 8° W. April: 44° N, 15° W.; 32° N. 75° W. May: 51° (N02? We, FB5™ Soa: September: 56° N. 24° W.; 57° N. 16° W. (very abundant). October: 56° N. 15° W. (rare). November: 51° N. 21° W. Temperature: 17.45, mean of 47 obs., max. 27.5, min. 8. Salinity: 35.45, mean of 31 obs., max. 37.04, min. 32.51. Plankton-type, Noted from the Mediterranean. As this spe- cies has been seen W. of S. Africa, it probably enters the Atlantic W. of the Cape of Good Hope. In the northern hemisphere it has been only rarely mit with in the Sargasso Sea. The principal areas of distribution are the Antilles and Florida Currents and from 40° N. 65° W. to the Azores and the European coast to about 50° N. Beyond this limit rare specimens may drift to 60° N. The abundant occurrence in September 1899 at 57° is therefore a remarkable ex- ception. — S. (D.) DICTYOCYSTA ELEGANS Enzs.' (Morsius: Fiinfte Ber. der Komm. z. Wissensch. Unters. ad. Deutschen, Meere PI VII fig. 28. D. mitra Entz. Mitth. d. Zool. Stat. zu Neapel Vol. VI, 1886, PI. XIV fig. 22. D. templum Entz. 1. c. Pl. XIV fig. 18—21, 23; v. Dapay Mitth. d. Zool. Stat. zu Neapel Vol. VII, 1887, Pl. XXI fig. 8, 9.) 1898 Janudry:. 41° JN. )21° We to 46° N. 11° W.; 6L°.N, 8° W., very rare; 32°—35° N. 74° W. February: 63° N. 17° W.; 30°—34° N. 74°—73° W. March: 28° N. 38° W. to 48° N. 6° W.; 49° N. 33° W.; 62° N./2° 4k. April: area between the Azores, the Engl. Channel and 45° N. 43° W. ' Ostenfeld’s data used. 1899 such CILIATA—DICTYOCYSTA 115 May: area between 40° N. 16° W., 50° N. 7° W. and 42° N. 61° W.; 60° N. 10° W.; S. of Iceland. June: 39° N. 39° W.; 44° N. 16° W.; 50° N. 12° w. July: 48° N. 30° W.; 49° N. 22° W.; 59° N. 23° W.; 42° N. 48° W. to 40° N. 69° W. August: 50° N. 12° W. to 49° N. 20° W.; 56° N. 20° W.; Farde Channel; SW. of the Firées; W., SW. and S. of Ice- land; 44° N. 48° W. to 40° N. 67° W. September: area betweeen 47° N. 7°—9° W., 48° N. 24° w.. 56° N. 36° W., 60° N. 26° W., the Shetlands and 57° N. 12° W.; S. and N. of Iceland. October: area between 58° N. 35° W., SW. Iceland, N. Scot- land, NW. Iceland and 56° N. 31° W. (maximum at 57°— 60° N. 27°—21° W.); 41° N. 59° W. November: Cape Verde Islands; area between 55°—56° N. 21°—23° W., 49° N. 31° W., 53° N. 49° W. and 47° N. 41° W.; S. Iceland towards the Shetlands, rare; 42° N. 61° W. to 41° N. 69° W. December: 48° N. 19° W. to 45°—41° N. 66° W. January: area between the Canaries, Madeira and Gibraltar; at some few points between 50° N. 20° W. and 41° N. 69° W. March: 30° N. 35° W.; 35° N. 16° W.; 46° N. 11° W., every- where rare. April: area between 41° N. 17° W., 47° N. 8° W. and 42° N. 18° W. ; May: 25° S. 7° E.; 30° N. 35° W.; 50° N: 33° W.;:51° N. 14° W. dune: 20° 5S. 2°. E.. to.4°<§. 19° W. July: 12°—14° N. 27°—28° W. September: 57° N. 16° W. to 56° N. 30° W., rare. October: area between 52°—56° N. 14°—15° W. and 53° N. 37° W., rare. November: 51° N. 13° rare. 28° W., not rare; 52° N. 43°—48° W.., Temperature: 13.2, mean of 16 obs., max. 22, min. 7.2 (only samples considered as contained this species to any amount), Salinity: 35.ss, mean of 16 obs., max. 36.47, min. 34.56. 116 CILIATA—DICTYOCYSTA Plankton-type. ‘This species occurs in the Mediterranean the Red Sea and Indian Ocean. It enters the Atlantic west of S. Africa and has been seen to the region of Ascension, Cape Verde, Canaries and the Azores. In April (1898) it reached 45° N., in May it touched S. Iceland. It was seen in September N. of Iceland. — S. DICTYOCYSTA MITRA Hk. (v. Dapay: Mitth. d. zool. Stat. Neapel Vol. VI, 1886, Pl. XXV fig. 16). 1897 December and 1898 January: 32° N. 33° W. to 43° N: 18° W. March: area between 45° N. 36° W., 44° N. 17° W., the Ca- naries and 30° N. 35° W. April: 48° N. 29° W. May: area between 43° N. 45° W., 49° N. 17° W. and 38° Nigel Pane June: i438" N33" Ws 37°" NYY 26° Wi July: 38° N. 25°—26° W. August: Azores; 40° N. 66° W. September: 48° N. 24° W.; 42° N. 57° W. to 41° N.* 65° W. October: 41° N. 59° W. November: 34° N. 10° W.; 48° N. 29° W. to 42° N. 64° W. December: 49° N. 30° W. to 41° N. 66° W. 1899 January: 45° N. 49° W. March? 33° Nioe We Mays 35° iN: TDI ES BORO age Junes 20° "S, 2° Mato ss 4S. toe Ww October: 53° N. 37° W., rare: November: 51° N. 34° W., rare. Temperature: 17.76, mean of 50 obs., max. 23, min 8. Salinity: 35.51, mean of 36 obs., max. 36.68, min. 33.93. Plankton-type. This species occurs in the Benguela Current, W. of S. Africa, and its principal area of distribution in the northern hemisphere is between the Canaries, the Azores, S.W. of Ireland and the Newfoundland Banks. — S. CILIATA—FUNGELLA, LEPROTINTINNUS, PORELLA, PTYCHOCYLIS 117 FUNGELLA ARCTICA CL. (Kongl. Sv. Vetensk. Akad: Handl. Vol. XXXII n. 3 pag. 22, Pl. I, fig. I. Vanhoffen: Fauna und Flora Grénlands. Pl. VI, fig. 1—2 »Statoblast»). 1898 August: 80° N. 17° E. Temperature: 3.5. Salinity: 33.59. Plankton-type. This organism has been found by Vanhdéffen in Karajakfjord (West Greenland), and by me on the coasts of Den- mark, Holland and England. — Ng? LEPROTINTINNUS BRANDTII (Norpoursr). (CL. Ofvers. af Kongl. Sv. Vet. Akad. Férh. 1899 :o 10, pag. 973). 1898 March: 7° N. 55° W., abundant. Temperature: 25.9 Plankton-type. This species occurs in the Baltic, where Norpoguist found it in the Bay of Bothnia to 61° 8’ N. and in the Gulf of Finland (September, October), and Aurivitiius at Sydost- brotten (September). Most Baltic species are of arctic origin, and the occurrence of this species N. of South America is thus very remar- kable. It is therefore questionable to what type this species belongs, but in any case it is a neritic form. PORELLA APICULATA (C1. (Ofvers. Kongl. Vetensk. Akad. Férh. 1899 n. 10, pag. 973). 1899, June: 20°..S.. 2° EK. Temperature: 20.;. Salinity: 36.01. Plankton-type: S?7 PTYCHOCYLIS ACUTA Branpr'. (Biblioth. zool. Heft 20, 1896, pag. 59, Pl. III fig. 16. Pt. urnula car. minor. Jérgens. . Bergens Museums aarbog. 1899, n. 2. PI. I fig. 9). 1898 March: 58° N. 6° E. iMag 60° N. 31° W. 1 Ostenfeld’s data for P. urnula used. 118 CILIATA——-PTYCHOCYLIS June: S. and S.E. of Ieeland; 67° N. 10° E.; 57° N. 42° W. July: along the S. coast of Iceland to the Fiarées; 60° N. £7°. NP. to STSN ATP Wi: August: S.W. and S. of Iceland; Farées to 61° N. 4° W.; 54° N. 5° W.; W. of Spitzbergen; 60° N. 53° W. September: N. of Iceland; 65° N. 36° W. to the 5. of Iceland; 56° N. 26° W.; between Spitzbergen and Norway. October: along the S. coast of Iceland to the Fiirées and 61° N. 5° W.; area between 58° N. 32° W., 57° N. 42° W. ‘and 54° N.) 4b? W.; 44° N. ogee. November: S. Iceland to the Farées; Far6e Channel; 51° N. 20° W.; area between 53° N. 31°—49° W., 56° N. 36° W. and 46° N. 46° W., very common; 42° N. 64° W. to 41° N. 69° W. December: Fir6bes; 48° N. 40° W. to 51° N. 66° W. 1899 January: 40°—41° N. 66°—69° W. AT SE NN August: 55° N. 26° W., rare. September: 72° N. 19° E., very rare; 56° N. 30° W. to 53° N. 51° W., rare to common. October: 53°—56° N. 37°—38° W., common; 54° N. 45° W., not rare. November: 49° N. 40° W. to 52° N. 48° W., as a rule, rare. Temperature: 9, mean of 68 obs., max. 18.2, min 5.5. Salinity: 34.51, mean of 64 obs., max. 35.43, min. 31.96. Plankton-type. The principal area of distribution is the area between Iceland, Scotland and Greenland, whence it spreads to the North Sea and the Scandinavian coasts as well as to the Newfound- land Banks. It is then to be considered a boreal, although not strictly an arctic form. — Ns (T). PTYCHOCYLIS. ARCTICA Branpr. (Biblioth. zool. Heft. 20, 1896, pag. 61, Pl. III, fig. 17). 1898 January: 37° N. 73° W. November: 48° N. 49° W. 1899 July: 75° N..49° E. August: 71° N. 23° W. CILIATA—PTYCHOCYLIS 119 Temperature: 2.6 to Yu. Salinity: 325s, one obs. Plankton-type: .V. PTYCHOCYLIS OBTUSA Branpr'. (Bib). zool. Heft. 20, 1896, pag. 59, PI. III, fig. 15. P. DRYGALSKII BRANDT l. c. fig. 14). 1898 April: 73° 'N2'5° W.; 57° N. 43° W.; 62° N. 50° W.; 43° N. 50° W. May: 71° N. 14° W. June: area between 74° N. 23° E., 77° N. 17° E. and 77° N. i uaa WE August: round Spitzbergen. September: Beeren Island; N. of Iceland; Disco. November: 51° N. 20° W.; 49° N. 22° W.; 52° N. 37°. W. to 45° N. 52° W. December: 42° N. 49°—63° W. -—— > 1899 January: 45° N. 49° W. to 43° N. 57° W. March: 66° N. 24° W. June: 69°—70° N. 13° W.; Tromsée to the west of Spitz- bergen. July : 74° N.°20° W.; 79°—80° N. 10°=-14° E. August: 72° N. 26° E. to 78° N. 47° E. September: 81° N. 16° E. to 79° N. 10° E., thence to 73° N. 18° Eo; 52°-N.- 55°: Wi, rare. Temperature: 3.5, mean of 19 obs., max. 11.0; min. — 0. Salinity: 33.:9, mean of 19 obs., max. 35.03, min. 32.01. Plankton-type. This species is decidedly arctic, and the low mean salinity indicates that it is essentially a neritic form. It is therefore very remarkable that it was found in November as far south in the eastern Atlantic as 50° N. 20°—22° W. — Ng. 1 Ostenfeld’s data used. 120 CILIATA—TINTINNOPSIS TINTINNOPSIS BEROIDEA Srein'. (JORGENSEN: Bergens museums aarbog 1899 n. 2, Pl. I, fig. 5. T. beroidea car. acuminata v. Dad., Auriv., Cl.) 1898 January: 6° N. 55° W. February: 34° N. 73° W. May: 60° N. 10° W. July: 60° N. 3° W. August: 47° N. 39° W.; 48° N. 30° W.;°55° N. 5° W.; 64°.N, Bie We 40° WN... 67° W. October: Vestmannaé to 63° N. 12° W.; 59°. N. 3° W.; 44°N. 45° W. to. 44° Ns 59Pu We November: N. of Scotland; 56° N. 26° W. 1899 March: 49° N. 9° W. April: 49° N. 7° W. Temperature: 8 to 25. Salinity: 32.50 to 35.65. Plankton-type. This species is evidently a neritic form of wide distribution — Ns, in the northern Atlantic. TINTINNOPSIS CAMPANULA (Eus.) (Tintinnus camp. Clap. & Lachm. Etudes sur les infus. pag. 207, Pl. VIII, fig. 9. Tintinnopsis cincta v. Daday Mitth. d. Zool. Stat. zu Neapel, Vol. VII, 1887, Pl. XX, fig. 6—8). 1898 August: 54° N. 5° W. September: 9° N. 53° W. November: 51° -N. 1° W. Temperature: 13.5 to 28. Salinity: 34.05 to 34.55. Plankton-type. This species is found in the Mediterranean and Adriatic, southern North Sea, southwestern Baltic and the Ber- mudas (Plankt. Exp.). It scarcely occurs in the open ocean and therefore belongs to the neritic plankton. — Nm (N?). ' Ostenfeld’s data used. CILIATA—TINTINNOPSIS, TINTINNUS 121 TINTINNOPSIS KARAJACENSIS Brawnopr. (Bibl. zool. Heft. 20, 1896, Pl. III, fig. 5). 1898 September: 69° N. 53° W. (Ostenfeld). 1899 September: 81° N. 16° E., not rare. Temperature: 2.7 (Ostenf.). Salinity: 32.45 (Ostenf.). Plankton-type. Ng. TINTINNUS ACUMINATUS Crap & Lacum.! (7. Mobi Brandt. 7. secatus Brandt, Bibl. zool. 1896, pag. 51, fig. 12. JORGENSEN, Bergens Mus. aarbog 1899, n. 2, pag. 8). 1898 March: 37° N. 74° W. Apri: og ON. 22 W.; 0a IN. 2°° K. May: 58° N. 21° W. June: 60° N. 4° W. July: S. of Iceland to 63° N. 14° W.; Shetlands. August: Denmarks Sound; S.E. of Iceland; Fiarée Channel; Wz. and N. of Spitzbergen. September: W. of Iceland to Greenland; 65° N. 55° W.; Fiirée Channel ;,, 76° Niy139 Ke October: area between S. Iceland, 56° N. 12° W. and 58° N. 32° W. November: S. Iceland to 60° N. 4° W.; 56° N. 23°—36° W.: 47° N. 41° W. to 41° N. 69° W. December: 42° N. 49° W. and 46° N. 50° W. to 41° N. 66° W. 1899 January: 45° N. 50° W. to 41° N. 69° W. March: 62° N. 8° W. September: 73° N. 18° E.; 80° N. 13° E. Temperature: 9.s, mean of 28 obs., max. 14.1, min. 3.34, ex- ceptionally 25. Salinity: 34.03, mean of 27 obs., max. 35.42, min. 31.69. Plankton-type. This species is a boreal, but not strictly an arctic form. Its principal area of distribution is the Irminger Sea. —. T @N3). ’ Ostenfeld’s data for 7. Mébii and J. secatus used. 122 CILIATA—TINTINNUS TINTINNUS FRAKNOI v. Danay. (Mitth. d. zool. Stat. zu Neapel, Vol. VII, 1887, pag. 528, Pl. XVIII, fig. 1). 1897 December and 1898 January: 7° N. 53° W.; Caribbean Sea; 22° N. 42° W.; 43°— 45° N, 18°—18° W. February: Caribbean Sea; Bahamas. March: area between 3° N. 24° W., Cape Verde and Cape Verde Islands; Canaries; Azores to 45° N. 13° W.; 23° N. 42° W. to 14° N. 50° W.; Caribbean Sea; 28°—32° N. 74° W. Aprile TovNab5° W.. toh BOPTINA Bae We ; 22 NE aS W.; 41° N. 19° W.; 47° N. 40° W. May: area between the Azores, 41° N. 16° W., 49° N. 23° W. and?43°)N. "33° Wee 41° WN. 51° WW. June: Canaries; Azores; Cape Finisterre; 42°—45° N. 50°— 41° W.; 23° N. 42° W. to 30°—33° N. 51°—48° W. July: area between de Azores, 41° N. 17° W., 49° N. 22° W. and 40° N. 67° W.; 25° N. 48° W.; Caribbean Sea. August: Azores; abundantly across the whole Atlantic from the English Channel to 40° N. 66° W.; Shetlands, very rare. September: Madeira; Azores; 46° N. 11° W.; 48° N. 24° W., common; 56° N. 12° W.; 66° N. 18° W., rare; 41° N. 65° W.; 25°—29° N. 74° W. October; Azores; 56° N. 10°—24° W.; 41° N. 59° W. November: 24° 8S. 29° W. to 4° N. 30° W.; Cape Verde Islands to the Canaries and Cape Finisterre; Azores; 56° N. 22° W.; 48° N. 29° W.; 47°—48° N. 41° W.; 40°—42° N. 67°—64° W.; 19° N. 57° W. to 29° N. 43° Wi December: 26° S. 44° W. to 14° S. 36° W.; 19°—25° N. 58°—~ 52° W. 1899 February: 32° N. 47° W. March: 21° N. 43°. W. Juger Varies. SW, 8 Si tPoW.s 120) N. BaP Wes do ohBt N. 47° W. July: 12° N. 27° W.; 28°—85° N. 40° W.; 44° N. 31°—33° W.; 48° N, 23°—25° W. August: 48° N. 20° W. November: 51° N. 13° W., rare. CILIATA—TINTINNUS 123 Temperature: 20.;, mean of 138 obs., max. 27.5 min. 7. Salinity: 35.s2, mean of 108 obs., max. 38.54, min. 32.s4. Plankton-type. ‘This species occurs in the Mediterranean, the Red Sea and the Indian Ocean. It is common in the tropical and and subtropical Atlantic, at least from 26° S. to 50° N., and rare specimens may drift towards Scotland and Iceland, even north of Iceland (September 1898). Its principal area of distribution is between Cape Verde, the Eng. Channel and New York. In July and August 1898 it was seen between 40°—50° N. across the whole Atlantic. — S (D). TINTINNUS LUSUS UNDA Envz". (v. Dapay: Mitth. d. zool. Stat. zu Neapel Vol. VII, 1887, PI. XVIII fig. 3, 14. T. tubulosus Ostf. Zool. Anzeiger 1899, pag. 437. — Scarcely distinct from 7. Fraknoi). 1898 March: 45° N. 13° W. June: 50° N: 12° W. August: 61° N. 6° W.; 63° N. 21°—23° W. September: Farée Channel; round the Shetlands. October: between Rockall and the Hebrides; Fiirde Channel; Shetlands. November: 45° N. 50° W. to 40° N. 69° W. December: 48° N. 40° W. to 42° N. 63° W. 1899 November: 51° N. 28° W., rare. Temperature: 11, max. 13.5, min. 5. Salinity: 35.33, max. 35.46, min. 32.01. Plankton-type. Noted from the Mediterranean. — S. TINTINNUS PELLUCIDUS CL°. (Kongl. Sv. Vet. Akad. Hand]. Vol. XXXII n. 3, pag. 24, Pl. I, fig. 4). 1898 August: 80°—81° N. 10°—23° E. 1899 August and September: W. and N. of Spitzbergen; 74° N. 18? B,, to, 75° INLigSe EB. Temperature: 2.;, mean of 7 obs., max. 4.6, min. 0.7. Salinity: 33.ss, mean of 7 obs., max. 34.53, min. 32.s1. Plankton-type. Ny. ' Ostenfeld’s data used. * Since the above was written I have been convinced that this species is the same as 7. bottnicus Nordg., or Leprotintinnus bottnicus Jérgens., but without foreign agglutinated bodies. The genus Leprotintinnus is thus inad- missible. 124 CILIATA—-UNDELLA UNDELLA CAUDATA (Ostr).! (Tintinnus caudatus Ostf. Zool. Anzeig. Vol. XXII, 1899, pag. 487. Undella pellucida, JORGENS. Bergens Museums aarbog 1899, n. 2, Pl. I, fig. 7—8). 1897 December: 43° N. 18° W. 1898 March: 41° N. 21° W.;,4a° N. 13° W.; 49° N: 33° W. April: 39° N. 24° W.; 41° N.. 19° W.; 49° N. 22° .W. May: 50° N. 14°—22° W.; 41° N. 59° W.; 42° N. 61° W. June: 42° N. 50° W. August: 48°—49° N. 20°—30° W. October: 57°—d8° N. 25°—32° W. November: 0° S. 31° W.; area between 45° N. 7° W., 49° N. 32° \W. and 58? NvG20S WIG VY NAMOPAW. to 62° N. 8° W. December: 30° N. 16° W.; 49° N. 20°—35° W.; W. of the Farées; 44° N. 57° W. 1899 January: 33° N. 15° W.; 49° N. 20° W. to 45° N. 49° W. April: 46° N. 13° W. June: 14°—15° 8. 6°—d° W. October: 56°—53° N. 31° W. November: 51° N. 21° and 28° W. Temperature: 14.7, mean of 38 obs., max. 26.2, min. 10. Salinity: 35.18, mean of 32 obs., max. 36.68, min. 32.72. Plankton-type. This species has been seen in the southern hemisphere near St. Helena and Fernando Nona. In the northern hemisphere its area of distribution is eastern, from the Canaries and Azores towards Iceland and the Farée Channel; from there rare specimens may drift to Norway, where JOérGENsEN has found this species at Bergen (Jufe, August, November) — 'S. UNDELLA CLAPAREDII (Envz.). (Tint. Clap. Entz. Mitth. d. zool. Stat zu Neapel. Vol. VI, 1886, pag. 202 Pl. XIV, fig. 10—11). 1897 December and 1898 January: Azores to 7° N. 53° W.; 25° N. 74° W. February: 13° N. 70° W. to 30° N. 74° W. March: Caribbean Sea; 32° N. 74° W.;, 10° N. 20° W.; Azores; 49° N. 33° W. April: 10° N. 53° W; 50° N. 9° W.; 47° N..40° W. May: 27° N. 48°: W.; 48° N. 25° W. to 42° N. 45° W. ’ Ostenfeld’s data used. CILIATA—-UNDELLA 125 November: 48°—50° N. 41°—31° N. to 36°°N. 14° W.; 5° S. 33° W. December: Canaries; Azores; 49° N. 27°—-35° W.; Caribbean Sea. 1899 January: Canaries to 35° N. 9° W.; 48°—45° N. 39°—49° W. February: 34° N. 40° W. March: 43° N. 16° W. to 36° N. 29° W.; 18° N. 45° W. April: 40°—44° N. 16°—15° W. June: 20° S. 1° Eto. 4s? SH199 Ws Zl N. 45° W. to 12° N. 51° W. July: 11°—15°_N.. 26°—29° W.;,25°—28° N. 37°—40° \W. Temperature: 20.;3, mean of 68 obs., max. 27.s, min. 10.s. Salinity: 35.01, mean of 51 obs., max. 37.40, min. 3438s. Plankton-type. This species occurs in the Mediterranean and in the Red Sea. It belongs to the tropical and subtropical Atlantic, from at least 20° S. to about 50° N. (November, December). — S. and D. UNDELLA HEROS (C1. (Ofvers. Kongl. Vetensk. Akad. Férh. 1899 n. 10, pag. 974). 1898 February: 30° N. 74° W. May: 41° N. 51° W. November: 42° N. 64° W.; 51° N. 20° W. December: 34° N. 38° W. 1899 November: 49° N. 40° W. HN Temperature: 17.0, mean of 5 obs., max. 21.3, min. 14. Salinity: 35.s6, mean of 3 obs., max. 36.59, min. 5d. Plankton-type. J. or S. UNDELLA HYALINA v. Danay. (Mitth. d. Zool. Stat. Neapel, Vol. VII, 1887, pag. 564, Pi. XVIII, fig. ye 1898 October: Azores. November: Azores; Canaries; 34°—36° N. 10°—14° W. December: Azores. 1899 January: Canaries. March: Azores. 126 CILIATA—UNDELLA Temperature: 18.15, mean of 13 obs., max. 21.5, min. 16.4. Salinity: 36.4:, mean of 7 obs., max. 36.91, min. 36.09. Plankton-type. This species occurs in the area between the Canaries, the Azores and Gibraltar as well as in the Mediterranean. —— we: UNDELLA PARADOXA (C1. (Ofvers. Kongl. Vetensk. Akad. Férh. 1899, n. 10, pag. 974). 1898 February: 34° N. 73° W. 1899 January: 33° N. 15° W. Temperature: 18.6 to 20. Salinity: 36.34." Plankton-type. WU. or S. UNDELLA (?) URCEOLATA (Ostr.) (Tintinnus urc. Ostenf. Zio: Anzeiger, Vol. XXII, n. 601 1899, pag. 437). 1898 March: 45° N. 15° W. October: 57° N. 27° W. 1899 November: 51° N. 21° 34° W., rare. Temperature: 11.9. Salinity: 35.19. Plankton-type. S. 1898 1899 RADIOLARIA—ACANTHOCHIASMA 127 Radiolaria. ACANTHOCHIASMA FUSIFORME Hx. (Mon. Pl. XIX, fig. 8). January: 27° N. 37° W. February: 26° N. 74° W. March: 23° N. 28° W.; round the Azores; area between 45° N. 36° W., 49° N. 33° W. and 49° N. 18° W.; 41° N. 56° W.; G22 Newt? We April: 47° N. 40° W. May: 38° N. 21° W. June: 44° N. 9° W. October: Azores; 57° N. 18° W. November: 29° N. 43° W.; Azores; 52° N. 38° W.; 55° N. 1:2o" W¥to. 56° N.- 23° W. December: Azores; 47° N. 45° W. January: 33° N..37° W.; 45° N. 49° W.; 48° N. 39° W. February: 34° N. 40° W. arena tN. 35 W289" NGO WES (642 Ne 12° VE S662 N; 14° W. Jupe 5°" S. 47° W. September: 66° N. 2° W. October: 56° N. 23° W. November: 51° N. 21°—28° W. Temperature: 14.3, mean of 37 obs., max. 27.2, min. 6, ex- ceptionally 0.65. Salinity: 35.72, mean of 27 obs., max. 37.05, min. 33.69. Plankton-type. The principal area of distribution is between the Azores, the Newfoundland Banks and the Fiirde Channel, (No- vember to March). Found in the Mediterranean and the Pacific. — S. 128 RADIOLARIA—ACGANTHOCHIASMA ACANTHOCHIASMA KROHNII Hk. (Monogr. Pl. XIX, fig. 7). 1897 December and 1898 January: 27°-—29° N. 37°-—36° W.; 44°—46° N. 17°—11° W.; 7° Nis ba? OW. 20° 35° ON. 7A February: 5°—6° 8. 12°—4° E.; 26° N. 74° W. March: 6°--4° 3. 4°—10° W.; area between 23° N. 28° W., the Azores, 55°" N."12>"' We and 46° N. 12° W.; 12° N. 51° W. 40° N. 56° W. April: 41° N. 19° W.; 47° (Ni°34° °W.; 7° N. 55° W. May: area between 38° N. 21° W., 41° N. 16° W. and 46°N. 30° W.; 21°—23° N. 48°—4b° W. June: 36° N. 43° W. July 26° NP 48° Way 34° N. 33° W:; 40° ‘Ne GOP WE September: 20°—33° N. 74° W.; 72° N. 19° E., deep sea haul from 250 metres. October: 56 aNG 12. W.; 26°) N. 763 W: November: 33° N. 10° W.; Azores; area between 50° N. 31° W., 56° N. 22°—30° W. and 53°. N. 50° -W. December: Azores. 1899 January: 29° N. 16° W. March: 46° N11" W. April; 32° N.. 75° W. Mupeealsasey 2 WO ON, 47 Ww. September: 63° N. 1° E.; 56° N. 24° W. November: 49° N. 40° W. Temperature: 18.6, mean of 54 obs., max. 28.s, min. 7.2. Salinity: 35.70, mean of 39 obs., max. 37.14, min. 31’s4, ex. ceptionally 20.29. Plankton-type. Noted from the Mediterranean, Indian and Pacific. This species occurred in the Gulf of Guinea and in March from Cape Verde to about 55° N. Later it become rarer in this region, but reappeared in November at several spots between 50° and 56° N. It occurs, as a rule very scantily, in the Sargasso Sea, the Caribbean Sea and Florida current. — S (D). RADIOLARIA—ACANTHOCORYS, ACANTHOMETRON 129 ACANTHOCORYS UMBELLIFERA Hk-. Monogr. PI. VI, fig. 12). 1898 March: 49° N. 18° W.; 58° N. 20° W. August: 76°-—80° N. 15°—10° E., in deep sea hauls from 400 DOO m. ' September: 66° N. 18° W.; 72°—76° N. 19°—15° E., in deep- sea hauls from 230—325 m. Temperature: 8.:—1I1. . Salinity: 35.49 to 35.65. Plankton-type. [Hackrt mentions this species from the Medi- terranean and the Azores. — S. ACANTHOMETRON CATERVATUM IHIku. Chall. pag. 745. Aeanthonia quadrifolia (AKL?) Auriv. Acanthometra pallida Clap & Lacbm. I include under the above name all Acanthometra with thin, needle-shaped spines of equal or nearly equal breadth and with a basal leaf-cross, either all are of the same leneth or four larger than the others). 1898 February: 5° S. 9°—4° E., common. March: 4°—6° S. 10°—4° W.; area between the Azores, 43° N. aA Pa So SNP MURA Fandy497 Ne PTeo AW: 62°—63° N- 24 DR April: 41°°N: 19°°W. May: 46°—48° N. 31°—26° W.; 41° N. 51°—56° W.; 62° N. ie be July: 40°—41° N. 69°—65° W.; 49° N. 17° W.; 62° N. 0 a OW. 18° NN. 1 Ee haul: from “500 i August: 48°—49° N. 6°—20° W.; 56° N. 20°—28° W.; 60° N. a WwW. September: Azores; area between 56° N. 27° W., S. Iceland, 60°°N. 2° BE: and 56° N212°"W::* N°’ of Iceland: ‘70° N. 21° E. to 76° N. 15° E., common on some spots. October: Azores; 56° N. 10°—12° and 31° W. November: Azores, very common; 35° N. 14° W.; area be- tween 51° N. 20° W., ‘56° N. 26° W. and the Shetlands: area between 53° N. 50° W., 47° N. 41° W. and: 45° N. 49" W.- 44° ND 55° W. to 40° N. 67° W. December: Azores; 42° N. 63° W. ACANTHOMETRON 130 RADIOLARIA 1899 June: 29 Ae Saat Wey G22uNe 2s ok. July: 45° N31" Weg be" aN, 0% We August: 55° N. 9°26" W.; 60° N. 3°: September: 56° N.. 12°—24° W., as a rule rare, 67° N. 3° W. to; GOP .a.B° ak: October: 56? Ne 153 1 OW .. “rare: November: 51° N. 24° W., rare. Tepper ye 14.3, mean of 79 obs., max. 28, min. 8.1. Salinity: 35.2, mean of 69 obs, max. 36.59, min. 31.ss. Plait of 2eype: Typical Styli-plankton form with essentially eastern distribution, ranging from 25° 5S. to Spitzbergen. — S. ACANTHOMETRON DOLICHOSCION Ik . Monoser. Pl. XVIII, fig. 3a. b.). 1898 June: 23° N. 42° W. Temperature: 25. Salinity: 36.02. Plankton-type. J). ACANTHOMETRON PELLUCIDUM J. Mic. 1. elasticum Hertw. Org. d. Radiol. Pl. I, fig. 2. I include under the above name all Acanthometra with thin, needle-shaped spines of equal or nearly equal thickness and without a basal leaf-cross. The above name may thus comprise Acanthometra fusca and A pellucida Jou, MULLER and .\ eclasticum Hk. 1898 January: 17°—1d° 5. 38°—37- W. 2 W.- 7° N, 29° W.- ces N. 53°—52° W. tthe it nea; ier: N. 17> > W. Fe Re uary: 6°—d° 8. 12°—4° E.; Caribbean a 26° N. 74° W. March 60-4" oS. 46 = 05 We dS 24 W. to 23° N. iv W.; area between the ae Las Nw 172 We and 27> M27 We Be IN. | Wiener 1° Wi. to GP Nee bge Ve: Pee N a Sea; 28° Ey Ne ae 40° N. 64° W., Apritey 7? eit. 55° We tobe ON. 49? Wika IND WW ape eMn. 58°. Weak N° Wing b° Nae Wie ee NEO We May: area between 6° N. 56° W., 32° N. 37° W. and 20° N. 60° W.- BBP ON, 21° UW ss) 440 NosiGe We 48° Na 33° We: Fiirdes. ‘a RADIOLARIA—ACAN'THONIA 131 June: area between 10° N. 58 W., 19° N. 63° W.. | 45° N. 26° W. and the Azores; 40°—44° N. 10% 9 Were Chee Ine aaa . Stily: 24°— 26° N. 54°—48° W.: | 33° 39° N74 W.; 41° N. 60° W.; area between 31° N. 39° W.. 42° N. 36° W. and Oe NEN 2OR Wy. August > "22° N2-74° W. to'34° N) 78° W.- ~41°'N. 5@° W. to 42° N. 48° W.; Azores: 76° N. 11° E. September? 9° N. 53° W.: 20°—29° N. 74 W.; area between a0” N. 35° W., 47° N. 9° W ‘and’ 48°N“ 99° Wit 2022. 4a? W. October: 26° N- 76° W.; Azores: 55° N. 39° W. November: 19° S. 31° W.- 42 N. 305 W.3°°24° NN. 21° -W.- ae NT TOPO WE AON, 72°W!? BOON, TNE Fiirdes; 29° N. LS W479 NO 41° W.?>53° N. 50° W. December; 26° S. 45° W.- 19°—25 N. 58°—5d2° W.; Canaries: Azores; Fiirées. 1899 January: Fiirées. February: 34° N. 40° W.: Firées. Mune? DO 1 1 oe pte Wt September: 67° N. 3° W.: 56° N. 28° and 30° W. November: 51°' N. 13° and 21° W. Temperature: 21.1, mean of 165 obs., max. 28.3. min. 4c. Salinity: 35.85, mean of 118 obs., max. 37.17, min. 32.81. ex- ceptionally 20.29. Plankton-type. Noted from the Mediterranean, Indian and Pacific. According to the above statements it occurs at least from 26° 5. to 45° N., rare between that degree and 50° N. Beyond the last named limit rare specimens only were carried to the Fiiries, western Norway and Spitzbergen. — S. and J). ACANTHONIA CUSPIDATA Hkx. (Monogr. pag. 383, Pl. XVIII, fig. 11. Under this name I include all Acanthometra with four-winged spines and basal leaf-cross. 1898 January: 44° N. 17° W.; 32° N. 74° W. February: 5° S, 9°—4° E.: 15° N. 71° W. Re bo RADIOLARIA—ACANTHONIA March: 6°—4° S. 4°5—10° W.; 11° N. 20° W. to 23° N, 28° W.; 1899 area between the Azores, 49° N. 18° W., 43° N. 17° W.-and Bb° N28? Wis So NY 59°W 2 28P No 74° W. April: area between 41° N. 19° W., 50° N. 12° W. and 49°. N. DO Ve ees Ns GD? Vis sete SIN eis NM» Tee Peng 2d) 9 WA Be ie — 75° W. May: 36° N.. Da? WE EL IN ali Wie DOF New a e 4G° Ne 38° W. to 41° N. 51° W.; area between 26° N. 42° W., 26° Nop. Mn. au 20° N. 60° W.; Caribbean Sea. June: 45° N. 26° W.; area between 33° N. 48° W., N37 IZ Wi and oy Neo 26 Wieaza uN ae Weld 6: : July: 34°—37-° N. 33°—25 ay 49° N. 22 Wi; 40° N. 42° °W': Ate Node We y2l- GN oss OW.: 3d —o6r4N ae August: Azores; rare at some points Boren bO? WN. 12° OW, and 41° N. 58° W; 56° N. 20° W.; Caribbean Sea; Bahamas. September: Cape Verde Islands; Azores; area between 48° N. W..2 467 NeW... = 48° N. 23° Wo abr NN. 2 ao Wee came Bree Nie Wie 33°—38° N. 74° W. October: area between 56° N. 10°—20° W. and 57. N. 18° W.; area between the Azores, 42° N. 15° W. and 50° N. 20° W.; DAP SS pao") Wo, Caribbean, Sea. Nabember: Vo40 Se 29P) Wie. 22 UN SOR -W . Mion 3° N. 27°" We: oo GN Bod PNW ean Ne ox W: N. 38° W.; Azores; 34° INS OPW: 472-48? Nv 4a W: 66" Ne ese a December: 26° S. 45° W.; Porto Rico; 25° N. 52° W.; 42° N. 17° W.; Azores; HS Yondanry 29° (Nr Wie S42 NeW April: 32°—36° N. 75° wpe W. May: 33 EES OG MBE une: 2a? 'S. 7° BE GAs! LOe OW a2 aN eee September: 56° N. 23° W. October 56° N. 23° (Weeb2 UN. ZI OW 2c bora D VW November: 51° N. 28° and 34° W. A Si — ¢ — SS Temperature: 20.1, mean of 121 obs., max. 28.2, min. 10.s. Salinity: 35.52, mean of 103 obs., max. 37.40, min. 33.20. Plankton-type. Noted from the Mediterranean and the Pacific. S; ane ie: ~~ ~~ RADIOLARIA—ACANTHONIA 13% ACANTHONIA MULLERI Hx. (Monogr. pag. 379 Pl. XV fig. 3; XVIII fig. 9). 1898 February: 5° 5. 9° E. March: Azores; 41° N. 23° W.; 49° N. 18° W. April: 41° N. 19° W.; 47° N. 40° W.; 50° N. 10° W. May: 48° N. 30° W.; 50° N. 14° W.; 61°—62° N. 1° W.—2° E. August: 49° N. 14° W. September: 56° —57° N. 21°,—14° W.; 60° N. 3°. W.; 72°—76° N. 19°—16 October: 56° N. 12° W. November: 52° N. 38° W.; 56° N. 17°—23° W. December: Azores; 44° N. 57° W. 1899 January: Canaries; 48° N. 39° W. March: 49° N. 9° W., common. April: 49° N..7° W.., rare. dune: 62° N. 1° E. August: 56° N. 14° W., rare. September: 56°—57° N. 17°—16° W., more or less rare#*56° N. 23°| Weirare; 3° N2bP iW ..crare. November: 51° N. 28° W., rare. , t 5 Temperature: 12.9, mean of 28 obs., max. 27.3, min. 5.5. Salinity: 35.37, mean of 27 obs., max. 36.59, min. 32.72. Plankton-type. Noted from the Mediterranean. Its range of distribution is essentially eastern, from 5° S. to the north of Nor- way. — S. ACANTHONIA MULTISPINA J. Mice. (Abh. 1858 Pl. VII, fig. 6—9.) 1898 March: 45° N. 40° W. lA Temperature: 14. Salinity: 55.63. Plankton-type. Mirer found this species at Messina. HascKen mentions it from 3° N. 15° W. — Probaby S. —n, aye aS —s RADIOLARIA——-ACANTHOSPHIALRA ACANTHOSPHAERA ACUFERA Iikr (Monogr. pag. 366 | 1898 March: 40° N. 56° W. April: 41°;N, A9° W. 1. XIV fig. 1). Temperature: 11° to 15.; Salinity: 35.1; Plankton-type. Hecker mentions this species from the Medi terranean and from 33° N. 36° W. plankton. — S. [> J = to dD.so. My specimen occurred in Styli ANCANTHOSPHARA CASTANEA Ik: (Chall. pag. 211. Pl. XXVI fig. 3.) 1899 January: 45° N. 49° W., very rare. Temperature: 12. Salinity : BOi5A Plankton-type. [Lecken mentions this Pacific — ? species from the N. ACANTHOSPHARA TENUISSIMA Hki (Monogr. pag. 351 Pl. IX fig. 2.) 1898 February: 26° N. 74° W. May :: Azores; 50° N.) 14° W. July: 25° N. 74° Wiz 41° N’60° W November: Azores; 47° N. 41° W 1899 March: Azores. Tempe ayares 19.3, mean of 8 obs S:, Max: 2/46, ) mim, 1 Sas. Salinity: 35.9, mean of 5 obs., max. 36.30 PiAniORPide, Noted ries. According to the , min. 3D.37. from the Mediterranean and the Cana- above data it occurs rarely in the Styli- plankton of the eastern and western warmer Atlantic. — S. RADIOLARIA—-ACANTHOSPH_-URA 135 ACANTHOSPHAERA TRICHOPHORA (. (K, Sy.. V. Akad. Hand oV.ol XXXIV mn. Iop..15 Pl. V_ fig. .3. 1898 November: 50° N. 31° W. Temperature: 14. Salinity : 35.42. Plankton-type: ‘S. ° ACROSPHAERA INFLATA IIx. (Chall. pag. 101 Pl. V fig. 7.) 1898 November; 26° 8. 45° W. Temperature: 24.2. Salinity: 37.41. Plankton-type. Hacker. mentions this species from 56° N. 50° W. — D. ACROSPHZERA SPINOSA Hku. (Monogr. pag. 536 Pl. XXXIV fig. 12, 13.) 1898 February: 26°—35° N. 74°—73° W. March: 30° N. 35° W. April: 45° N. 41° W.; 50° N...12°, W. May: 21° N.. 48° W.; 32° N37 W..to 38° N. 21° W. June: area between 24° N. 58° W., 39° N. 39° W., 42° N. 20 W., the Canaries and 23° N. 42° W. July: 39°—36° N. 23°—28° W.; 33° N. 74° W. August: Azores. September: 20° N. 45° W.; ‘26° Ni 39% W.; 35° N. 30° W. October: 21° S. 36° W.; Azores. November: 24° N. 29° W.; Cape Verde Islands; 22°—29° N. ho — 43° W 50? No 12° Ww. December: 41° N. 66° W. 1899 February: 32° N. 47° W. July: 40° N. 38° W. Temperature: 21.15, mean of 41 obs., max. 27.1, min, 12. Salinity: 36.41. mean of 32 obs., max. 37.51, min, 34.60. 1356 RADIOLARIA—ACTINOMMA Plankton-type. Noted from the Mediterranean and the Cana- ries. From the above data it appears that this species occurs in the whole tropical Atlantic, at least from 21° S, to 40° N., beyond which limit rare specimens may be conveyed to the SW. of Ireland (50° N.) — D. ACTINOMMA ORCADOPHORUM IIx. (Chall. pag. 255 Pl. XXIX fig. 7; 8.) 1898 December: 25° N. 52°. W. Temperature: 24.2. Salinity : 37.17. Plankton-type. Noted from the central Pacific — 1). ACTINOMMA BOREALE (1. (Kongl. Sv. Vet. Akad. Handl. Vol. XXXII, 3, pag. 16 Pl. I fig. 5.) 1898 March: 62° N. 2° E. July: 78° N. 3° W., deep sea haul. August: 77°—80° N. 12°—10° E., deep sea haul. September: 72°—76° N. 19°—-15° E., deep sea haul. November: 56° N. 36° W., surface. 1899 January: 48° N. 39° W., surface. September: 67° N. 3° E., deep sea haul. Temperature (surface): 7.s to 11. Salinity (surface) : SD 00r LO 3BD.58e Plankton-type. ° ACTINOMMA SOL (1.! (K. Sv. Vet. Akad: Handi. Vol XXXIV no lp. 5 Pl. V fies 2.) 1899 January: 45° N. 49° W. Temperature: 12. Salinity: 35.51. Plankton-type: ‘. ° 1 Since the above was written, T found this form to be the same as Croniy- omma villosum HK. RADIOLARIA——-AMPHIHYMENIUM, AMPHILONCHE T57 AMPHIHYMENIUM ELEGANS (1. K. Sv. Vet. Akad. Vol. XXXIV n. 1 pag. 6 PI.V fig. 1.) 1898 December: 25° N. 52° W. Temperature: 24... Salinity: 37.17. Plankton-type. /). AMPHILONCHE BELONOIDES Hk . (Monogr. pag. 392 Pl. XVI fig. 6; XVIII fig. 21 — A. concreta WWkt. Chall. pag. 787 Pl. CXXXII fig. 4.) 1897 December and 1898 January: 43°—46° N. 18°—11° W.; 7 Westar 7- Nba. We; 25° 32% N74 February: 5° S. 4° E.; Caribbean Sea, 21° N. 74° W. : Marche? N--21% W= 23° N; 28° We 25° Ni 116? Wa:\86° N. ao” W. to 41° N: 23° W.: 12° N. 51° W. to 9° N: 59° W.- Caribbean Sea; 32° N. 74° W. April: 41° N. 19° W.; 45° N: 41°°W. May: area between the Azores, 46° N. 31° W., 43° N. 43° W. and 26° N. 42° W. June: Azores: 28°—30°. Ni 52°: Ww: July: Azores; 41° N. 60° W. to 42° N. 48° W. August: Azores; 41° N. 65° W. to 44 September: 43° N. 48° W.; 46° N. 39° W. Oevober: b70, WN. 18° Ww. November: 18°—19° S. 31 W.; area between 40° N. 67° W.; HG, Ne 36... W. and 51° N. 20°, W: December: 29° S. 49° W.: 438° N. 61° W. to 4 49° N. 35° W. 1899 January : Canaries® February : 32° N: 472 WW, Mare: 30°—o0° Ne. to — 20° W. April: 28° N. 73° W. Sanes'A0?’ St Bis Tee Se 189 WH B78 Ne 39° W. September: 56° N. 30° W. October: 53° N. 31° W. November: 49°—52° N. 40°—-48° W. — N.. 57° W:- 138 RADIOLARIA— AMPHILONCHE Temperature: 1.5, mean of 88 obs., max. 28, min. 8. Salinity: 55.13, mean of 58 obs., max. 38.08, min. 32.48. Plankton-type. This species belongs to the tropical Atlantic and occured in March 8. of 40° N. In May it advanced in the cen- tral Atlantic beyond 45° N. In July to December (maximum in No-. vember) it occured from the E. of New York, between 40° and 55°, towards the Irminger Sea. Rare specimens were in October drifted nearly to Rockall. It is found in the Mediterranean and the Pacilic. — JD. AMPHILONCHE DIODON IHix-. Chall. pag. 783 Pl. CXXXII fig. 3). 1898 January: 44° N. 17° -W. March: 9° N.jib9° SW A12PeN. 1°. W. April: 7. Ne sda We Mayr tat Nb 52o We Sunes 19° NN. G3" September: 25°—29° N. 74° W. Octobers 16> N. 70° INV. WNowember:/A7°UIN. 325° UW. December: 18° N. 67° W. 1899 April: 28°—36° N. 75°—74° W. Sunes l2” NR bes Wi. Temperature: 2%.;, mean of 15 obs., max. 28.2, min. 14.2. Salinity: 35.01, mean of 12 obs., max. 36.42, min. 34.8». Plankton-type. ‘The principal area of distribution is off the north coast of S. America, the Caribbean Sea and Florida Current to 36° N. It is rarer on the east, where it occurs in the winter. HacKkeL mentions it from 11° N. 18° W. (April) — D. & AMPHILONCHE ELONGATA (Mi t.). (iki. Monogr. pag. 392 Pl. XVIII fig. 22.) 1897 Decembens 12° Ne 50° Wii tot 43° Ni 18°. W. 1898 January: 17° 8. 38° W.; 7°—18° N. 538°—46° W.; Caribbean Sea: 29° 35° N. 74° W.2. 7°. N#22tAN e 4ee, Neadng aw. Februari: Caribbean Sea; 26°—34° N, 74°-—73° W. RADIOLARIA—AMPHILON CHE 134 March: 6° S. 4° W. to 1°. S. 15° W.; Cape Verde. Islands; 26 N. 29° W.: 41° N. 23° W. to 9° N. 53°—d9° W.; Caribbean Seg: IB° N. 74° Wis 41° N. 56° W.; 457 N...40° -W..; 149° N. ts? W. AppityclOl N. 43° W.; api 44° (W.; 24 Ne foo .W47° N. 4O?. W. May: 23° N; 45° and 56°, W.; 20° N. 60° W. 45° NN: .26°. W: July: Azores. August: Azores; 40° N. 66° W. September: Cape Verde Islands; Azores. October: Azores; 54° N. 45° W. November: 26°—19° S. 30°—31° W.; Cape Verde Islands; Nv 102. Ws, Azores: 42° N. 64° W. December :,, 26° S. 45° W.; Canaries; Azores; 18° N. 67° W. 1899 March: 35° N. 16° W. April: 28°—32° N. 74° W. May: 35° N. 74° W. Jue. 20. 2 be aowe 8. 16° Wy; 15, N, dO, WW. July ; 45°—48° N. 31°—25° W. September, 56> N.. 317, W. Sune: — — Temperature: 21.;, mean of 78 obs., max. 28, min. 11. Salinity: 35.7. mean of 38 obs., max., 37.41, min. 34.71. Temperature: This species occurs, according to [Lecker, in the Mediterranean, the Indian and Pacific Oceans. It occurs, according to the above data over the whole tropical Atlantic to about 40° N., sparingly beyond this degree nearly to 50° N. — p): AMPHILONCHE OVATA Mic.) (Abh. d. Berl. Akad. 1858 pag. 47 Pl. VII fig. 10; IX fig. 4 The above name may include 1. conieo Hki. or comprises such forms as have relatively little different, not winged or angular, spines with a basal leaf-cross. They seem to me to be very nearly akin to Acanthometron siculum, which differs in having spines of equal length. February: 13° N:.17?; Wx. ; March: 6°.S: 4° W.; 12° .N..50° Wa,;to.9° N.. 59° .W,;,Carib- bean Sea; 30° N. 28° W. 1898 January: 12°—11° N. 50°—-52° W. 140 1899 and RADIOLARIA—AMPHILONCHE Aiprih:! 25°" oN a2 Wal te Ne OD”) Wit oo aN ere Wrote ae N. 74° W. May: area between 20° N. 60° W., 30° N. 42°—36° W. and 21° N. 48° W. June: off Madeira; 10° N. 53° W.; area between 22° N: 60° W., 37° N. 44° (Wi 29° No 36°°We andh23? Nive 42" Ww: July: Azores; 29° N. 44° W. to 21° N. 58° W.; Caribbean Sea; 23°—33° N. 74° W.; 41° N. 58° W.; 44° °N. 39° W:, August: Caribbean Sea; 22°—25° N. 74° W.; 40° N. 66° W. to 45 N. 43° W. September: Caribbean Sea; 25°—33° N. 7 30° N. 34° W. to the Azores::4b° N. 145 October: 26° N.°76° W.' 42° N: fo? “W. Nopember: “OCUNS (312) We to 20° -N/ 28" Wer 22" Ne boos We ZOO NY 48° Wloee Neoo We: 3o° Nae Wer ot NS Ue December 26° UN 445° Ws 14° N: 36° We 190 N. D8" Wo 2a" N.” 52° W. January: 32 N. 16° W.. March: 21° N. 43° W. May 25°83. 7 i. June 20° Sat Ee. to 3° Ss 20" We 2T? N. 45° WW; Jtily:Al°? N. 26°. W. November: 51° N. 34°, W. Temperature: 242, mean of 97 obs., max. 28.3, min. 14. Salinity: 36.17, mean of 84 obs., max. 37.43, min. 33.ss. Plankton-type. (Occurs in the Mediterranean and Pacific (Hk) according to the above data over the whole tropical Atlantic. to about 40° N., in July to September, rarely later, between 40° and HO? ON: DD. 1898 AMPHILONCHE TENUIS IIkv. (Monogr. pag. 389 Pl. XVI fig. 1, XVIII fig. 16.) Marche WOF WN. 347 WES WN. 39° WW. Aprils Nas W May: 29 Nae W.; 38° NOQIe Ws: Zale Neo W. June» 19° Ni. 632 Ww: Attly 26° NVeSarwWs 10° NOT RADIOLARIA—AMPHILONCHE 141 August: 44° N. 42° W. Oneogr AZ ONE 1899 April: N., 75? W: Temperature: 23.7, mean of 12 obs. max. 28, min. 17.2. Salinity: 36.10, mean of 10 obs. max 37.01, min. 35.55 Plankton-type. Hacker mentions this species from the Medi- terranean, the Canaries and the Azores. According to the above data this species occurs principally north of S Sea, rarer in the eastern Atlantic. hy America, in the Caribbean AMPHILONCHE TETRAPTERA IIkv.' ‘Monogr. one dele pag. XVI fig. 5; XVIII fig. 20.) 1897 December and [R98 SanUOLY nlf, SeB8.0 Wij) 4 5 9-29) V5, 0 Wal 2a suit 5B° W.. to, 32°. N. 38% W.: 45° .N. 13°, W.;, 32° N. 74° W. February: Caribbean Sea and Florida current to 34° N. 73° W. March: area between 6° S. 4 W., 39° N. 25° W. and 9° N. AO Wee, ASN «il4y Wand IN, LW. April: Ne 55 OEW ito 057, Ne 49°. Ws) 31° N: 25, W. May: area between 20° N. 60° W., 26° N. 52° W. N. 96° W. and 23° N. 45° W.: Caribbean Sea; 31° N. 75° W.; 112 N. 59°—31° W.- 0” N. 14° W.: Azores. June: area between 19° N. 63° W., 23° N. 42° W. and 33 °N\. 48° W.: Azores; Madeira. July: from the Azores to the Caribbean Sea; 40°—i1” N, 69°—60° W. August: Caribbean Sea; 40° N. 66° W. to 44° N. 42° W.; 48 N. 24° W.:; Azores. September: 12° N.. 27 W.: 30° N. 35° W.; 17° N. 48° W.; Caribbean Sea; 25°—3S° oe Wi) 42° N. 57 W.: area between the Azores, 46° N 2 W.. and 56° N. 21°—12° W; 66° N. 18° W. 1 Under this name I include all forms of Aniphilonehe which have four- winged large spines, not having in most cases examined, whether the spines have a basal leaf-cross or not; thus the above name may comprise also +1. heter acantha HkKi and perhaps Amphibelone anomala WKt.. XN 142 RADIOLARIA—ANTHOCYRTIDIUM, ANTHOCYRTIUM October: 26° N. 76° W.; 56° N., 29°—10° W.; ‘Azores. November: 0° S. BL, We to 20° Ni 23> ye ate ee Wo 96° Nii 482% Wie 40P GN? G7? Ws: PINE” eee We oa Neo ee Azores: B6°UN...147_ iW: December: some points between Porto Rico and the Azores. 1399: January: 433,4N. Loy W.2i8D- Naa March: Azores. April: 46° N.,.9°. W.;.28°—86°, N. 75° June:-S:t Helena, ito 3fyS: -2OSa Wie tbo VN... 40° Wy September: 56° N. 26° W. Temperature: 22.21, mean of 155 obs., max. 28.1, ‘min. 7. Salinity: 35.39, mean of 101 obs., max. 37.43, min. 31.ss. Plankton-type. According to HLncxren uA. fetraptera occurs in the Mediterranean, off Sierra Leone, at the Canaries and the Azores, A. heteracantha in the Mediterranean and the Pacific. — It appears from the above statements that the four-winged Amphilonche -forms occur in the Desmo-plankton of the Atlantic to about 40° N. From May to September (maximum in August) they advanced beyond that degree, and rare specimens were carried in September to No- vember towards the Engl. Channel and Rockall, in November to January to the Bay of Biscay, Gibraltar and the Canaries. — D. ANTHOCYRTIDIUM CINERARIA Hxv. (Chall. pag. 1278 Pl, LNII fig. 16.) 1898 December: 25° N. a2° W. Temperature: 24.2. Salinity: 37.17 Plankton-type. Noted from the central Pacific. — D. ANTHOCYRTIUM ANTHEMIS Ilkv. Chall. pag. 1237. Cl. K. Sv. Vet. Akad. Handl. Vol. XXXIV n..4 PL IU f. 12 1898 March: 63° N. 2° E. Temperature: 6%. Salinity: 59.10. Plankton-type. Noted from the north Pacific, 35° N. 170° E.- abysmal. — I found one specimen only in a very poor sample con, taining Tricho-plankton. — ? RADIOLARIA -ARACHNOCORYs, ARCHICIRCUS, ASTROLONCHE, AULACANTHA 143 ARACHNOCORYS POLYPTERA Ilk:. (Chall. pag. 1267.) 1898 February: 21° N: 74° W. Temperature: 25.:. Plankton-type. Noted from the 8. Pacific. — )). ARCHICIRCUS PRIMORALIDIS Hiv. (Chall. pag. 942 Pl. LXXXLI fig. 1.) 1898 December; 18° N. 67° W. Temperature: 26.s. Salinity: 54-xs. Plankton-type. Noted from the central Pacific (abysmal). jaar ASTROLONCHE SERRATA IIkv. (Niphacantha serrata HkKt. Mongr. Pl. XVIII fig. 3; XVII fig. 14.) 1898 March: 39° N. 29° W. Temperature: 15.5. Salinity: 35.95. Plankton-type. Occurs in the Mediterranean, Atlantic and Pacific, My specimens were found in Styli-plankton. — S., AULACANTHA LAVISSIMA IIx. Cl. Kongl. Sv. Vet. Akad. Handl. Vol. XXXII n. 3 pag. 27 Pl. I fig. 72 [898 August: 78° N. 3° W. (deep sea haul). Plankton-type. Found in the Fiir6e Channel. — S. ? AULACANTHA SCOLYMANTHA IiIkv. Monogr. pag. 263 Pl. Il fig. 1, 2; IV fig. 1—4. 1898 “November: £9° N. 12°0W.5-50° N. 31° W, December: 5) N. D7 W. 144 RADIOLARIA AULODENDRON, AULOSCENA, AULOSP.ERA, BELONOZOUM 1899 April: 41° N: 17> W: October: 52° N. 21° W. Temperature: 15.s, mean of 4 obs., max. 14.s, min. 13. Salinity: 3510, mean of 3 obs., max. 33.85, min. 34.04. Plankton-type. According to Hacker the most common of all Auwlacanthida, occuring outside the Atlantie in the Mediterranean, Indian and Pacific Oceans. It is remarkable that I have found it so rarely, always in Styli-plankton. — S. AULODENDRON ANTARCTICUM Hxkv. (Chall. pag. 1589 Pl.’ CV fig. 5.) 1898 July: 78° N. 3° W. (deep sea haul). Plankton-type. Noted from Kerguelen. — ? AULOSCENA SPECTABILIS Hi. (Chall... pag. 1628 P]. CX fig. 8, 9.) 1398 July: 73- sN uo, WW. (deep. sea. haul). 1899 June: 67° N. 3° W. (deep sea haul). Plankton-type. Noted from the Antarctic Ocean. — ? AULOSPHARA CRUCIATA Iikt. (Chall. pag. 1624 Pl. CIX fig. 10.) 1899 Januari; 45° N. 49° W. Temperature: 12. Salinity: 35.51. Plankton-type. Noted from the Mediterranean, the Canaries and the Garibbean Sea. — S?. 2D ?. BELONOZOUM ATLANTICUM Ilkv. (Chall. pag. 40.) 1898 October and November: Azores. Temperature: 19.7; to 20. Plankton-type. [lacxri mentions this species from 3° N. 15° W. (April). — Probably S. RADIOLARIA—BEROETTA, BOTRYOPYLE, CALLIMITRA, CERIASPIS 145 BEROETTA MELO C1. Kongl. Sv. Vet. Akad. Handl. Vol. XXXII n. 3 pag. 27 Pl. 1 fig. 8.) 1898 July: 78° N. 3° W. (deep sea haul). Plankton-type: ”. BOTRYOPYLE SETOSA (1. (K. Sv. Vet. Akad. Handl. Vol. XXXII n. 3 pag. 27 Pl. 1 fig. 10.) 1898 August and September: 76°-—78° N. 15° E.—3° W. (deep sea hauls from 325 m. and more). 1899 January: 45° N. 49° W. (temperature 12, salinity 35.51) July: 71°—72° N. 21°—22° W. (hauls from 180 m. and more). Plankton-type. ” CALLIMITRA EMMA Hx. (Chall pag. 1218 P}. LXIII fig. 3, 4.) 1897 December and 1898 January: 12° N. 50° W.; 32° N. 74° W. Februarg: Caribbean Sea; 21°—30° N. 74° W. March: Caribbean Sea; 15° N. 49° W.; 18° N. 46° W. May: 23° N. 56° W. September: 33° N 74° W. November : 22° N. 53° W. December: 14° S. 36° W.; 18°-N. 67° W. Temperature: 26.3, mean of 12 obs., max. 26.s, min. 19.5. Salinity: 36.12, mean of 5 obs., max. 36.98, min. 34.ss. Plankton-type. Found in the abysmal central Pacific. Ac- cording to the above data this species oceurs east of tropical America. — JD. CERIASPIS FAVOSA Hku. Chall. pag. 821 Pl. CXXXVIII fig. 6.) 1898 March: 4° S. 10° W. December: 18° N. 67° W. 10 146 RADIOLARIA—CHALLENGERIA 1899 April: 36° N. 74° W. Temperature: 22:1 to 26s. Salinity: 34.88 to 3621. Plankton-type: J)? ~ CHALLENGERIA HARSTONII J. Murray. (Chall. Report. Norrative I pag. 226 A. fig. 14 a.) 1898 July: 78° N. 3° W. (deep sea haul). August: 80° N. 10° E. (deep sea haul). September: 76° N. 15° E. Plankton-type. Noted from the east of Japan, abysmal. CHALLENGERIA TRIDENS Hkt. (Moebius Fiinfte Ber. d. Kieler Comm. PI. VIII fig. 43—44.) 1898 July: 78° N. 3° W. (deep sea haul). August: 163° AN fou Wi (78? NY) 1 2eaiee 80° N. 10° E.. (deep sea haul). September: 65° N. 36° W; 76° N. 13° E.; 72°—76° N. 195— 15° E. (deep sea hauls). October: 64° N. 21° W. November: 63° N. 16° W.: 56° N. 30° and 36° W. 1899 November: 52° N. 48° W. Temperature: 7.6, mean of 6 obs., max. 10.3 min. 6. Salinity: 35.07, mean of 6 obs., max. 35.34, min. 34.59. Plankton-type. Noted from the Fiirde Channel. The area of distribution is, according to the above statements, essentially nor- thern, from 52° to 80° N. The mean salinity is higher than for Tricho-plankton. — ? CHALLENGERIA XIPHODON Hk. (Moebius: Fiinfte Ber. d. Kieler Commiss., 1887, Pl. VIII fig. 41—42.) 1897 December and 1898 January: Cape Verde Islands; Canaries; 34° N. 30° W. to 41° N: 227 Wie 1X99 to N. 1898 1899 January, 4 — a | RADIOLARIA — CHALLEHGERON 14 March: Cape Verde Islands; 32° N. 32° W. April: 41° N. 19° W. July: 62° N. 0° W. September: 66° N. 18° W. November: 34° N 10° W.; many points in the area between Dr hebeE. WW. 41-Ne 40 ow. oo N. 23° W. and 5d? ‘N: 14° -W. December: Azores; 42° N. 16° W. 5° N. 49° W. February: 32° N. 47° W.; 34° N. 40° W. March: 36°—37- N.-29°—26° W. November: 51° N. 28° W.; 49° N. 40° W. Temperature: 14.19, mean of 29 obs., max. 19.s, min. 7. Salinity: 55.61, mean of 20 obs., max. 36.49, min. 33.7. Plankton-type. The distribution is eastern, from Cape Verde Iceland. — S. CHALLENGERON BREVISPINA (C. (K. Sv. Vet. Akad. Handl. Vol. XXXIV n. 1 Pl. III fig. 14, 15.) March: 63° N. 2° E: Temperature: 6.;. Salinity: 595.10. Plankton-type: 7: ? CHALLENGERON CHANNERI J. Murray. Chall. Report. Narrative I pag. 226 Pl. A. fig. 12. January: 48° N. 42° W., very rare. Temperature: 12. Salinity: 35.55. Plankton-type. Noted from the E. of Japan (abysmal). 148 RADIOLARIA—CHALLENGERON, CHOENICOSPHAZRA, CLATHROCYCLAS CHALLENGERON NATHORSTII A. (Kongl. Sv. Vet. Akad. Handl. Vol. XXXII n. 3 pag. 28 Pl. I fig. 9.) 1898 August and September: 80°—72° N. 10°—19° E. (deep sea hauls from 230 m. and more). November: 56° N. 30° W. 1899 March: 64° N. 12° W. Temperature: 6.s to 6. Salinity: 3D.03 to 3.29. Plankton-type: CHOENICOSPHAERA MURRAYANA Hxv. (Chall. pag. 102 Pl. VIII fig. 4. 1898 November:. 29° -N..19° W.; 56° N. 17° W. 1899 November: 51°. N. 21° W. Temperature: 11.6 to 21.5 Salinity: 35.27 to 36.97. Plankton-type. Noted from the Farde Channel. — S. CLATHROCYCLAS COSCINODISCUS IIkx. > Bs (Chall. pag. 1389 Pl. LVIII fig. 3, 4. 1898 November: 53°—56° N. 50°—36° W. Temperature: 7.2 to 7.s. Salinity: 34.59 to 35.00. Plankton-type. Found in the central Pacific, abysmal. specimens occurred in Styli- and Tricho-plankton intermingled. My CLATHROCYCLAS DANAES Hk. (Chall. pag. 1388 Pl. LIX fig. 13, 14.) 1898 November: 56° N. 30° W. Temperature: 9.. Salinity: 55.03. Plankton-type. Noted from the Canaries. curred in Styli-plankton. My specimens 0oc- RADIOLARIA—CENOSPH-_ERA, CLADOCOCCUS CENOSPHAERA INERMIS IIkv. Heliosph. in, Monogr pag. 351 Pl. IX fig. 1.) 52” 8 We 1898 January: 11° N. N. 74° W. September : 30° Temperature: 25 to 26,1. Salinity: 56.25. Plankton-type. found eile, — “D. ? in the Mediterranean, Indian and Pa- CLADOCOCCUS ARBORESCENS Mit. (Abh. d. Berl. Akad. 1858 pag. 31 Pl. I fig. 2. 1898 March: Cape Verde Islands. Temperature: 25. Salinity: 55.is. Plankton-type. Noten from the Canaries and the Mediterranean. - My specimen was found in Styli-plankton. CLADOCOCCUS BIFURCUS Hk. Monogr. pag. 368 Pl- NITE fig. 7, 8. 1898 March ; 43° N. 17° W.; 49° N. 18° W. Temperature: 11 to 12.s. Salinity: 35.65 to 35.76. Plankton-type. Noted from and the Azores. — S., with eastern distribution. the Mediterranean, the Canaries CLADOCOCCUS VIMINALIS Hx. Monogr. pag. 369 Pl. XIV fig. 2, 3. 1898 April: 47° N. 32° W: May: 26° N. 42° W. Temperature: 15 to 25.1. Salinity: 35.70 to 37.16. Plankton-type. [ound in the Mediterranean. — S. J). 2. 150 RADIOL.—CLATHROCANIUM, COELODASEA, COELODENDRUM, COLLOSPHARA CLATHROCANIUM MINUTUM (1. (K. Sv. Vet. Akad. Handl: Vol. XXXIV n. 1 Pl. IV fig. 9.) 1898 October: 21°:S. 36° W. Temperature: 22. Salinity: 37.21. Plankton-type. J). COELODASEA SPONGIOSA Hk. (Chall. pag. 1739.) 1898 March: 49° N. 18° W. Temperature: 11. Salinity: 55.65. Plankton-type. Noted from the equatorial Atlantic, abysmal. - My specimen was found in Styli- and Tricho-plankton intermingled. COELODENDRUM RAMOSISSIMUM Hk. (Monogr. pag. 363 Pl. XIII fig. 1—3.) 1898 January: 47° N. 11° W. March: 41° N. 60°. W. Mioniley 44° N99 We ABS Noe 8o WW DOO UN de aN November: 50° N. 31° W. December: 47° N. 45° W. ye Temperature: 12.2, mean of 7 obs., max. 14, min. 6. Salinity: 35.55, mean of 5 obs., max. 35.81, min. 39.34. Plankton-type. Occurs in the Mediterranean, Indian and Pa- cific. According to the above data it belongs to Styliplankton with eastern distribution. —— S. COLLOSPHARA HUXLEYI |. Mot. (Hkt Monogr. pag. 534 Pl. XXXIV fig. 1, 2 —- C. globularis and C. tuberosa included.) 1898 January: 36> N. 27° W.; 32° N. 74°. W. February: 21° .N. 74° W. to 34° N. 73° W. RADIOLARIA —COLLOZOUM 151 March: 14° N. 50° W.; Cape Verde Islands; 26° N. 39° W., 30° N. 35° W.; Azores. May: 23° N. 45°-—56° W.; 26° N. 42° W. June: area between 16° N. 48° W., 27° N. 55° W. and 40° N. reed WN July: 26° N. 48° W.; 33° N. 74° W.; 40° N.-67° W. August: 40° N. 67° W. to 50° N. 10° W. September: 26° N. 39° W.; 41° N. 65° W.; 48°—50° N. 29°— 11° W. October: 21°..S. 36°. W. November: 26° S. 30° W. to 5° S. 33° -W.; 50° N. 21° W. December: 22°—25° N. 56°—52° W.; Caribbean Sea; 41° N. 66° W. 1899 February: 32°—34 N. 47°—40° W. May: 50° N. 33° W. June: Azores. Temperature: 22.;, mean of 47 obs., max. 28, min. 14. Salinity: 35.96, mean of 43 obs., max. 37.31, min. 32.92. Plankton-type. Tropical Atlantic to 40° N., between 40°— 50° N. from New York to the Engl. Channel in July—September (max. Aug.) — D. COLLOZOUM INERME (J. Mit.) Hk. Monogr. pag. 522 Pl. XXXV — C. ellipsoides HKv. included.) 1898 January: 33° N. 31° W. March: Azores; 48° N. 6° W. April: 45° N. 16° Wist48° No 8° Wi; "50° "N12 W- May: 41° N. 51° W. June: Azores; 71°—72° N. 21°—23° E. July: Azores; 72° N. 3° W. (Auriv. August: 60° N. 4° W. September: Cape Verde Islands; Azores; Madeira; 56° N. 12° W.; 60° N. 2°—11° W. Ogtober: 21° S. 36° W.; Azores; 42° N. 15> W. November: Azores. December: Azores. 152 RADIOLARIA—COROCALYPTRA. GROMYOMMA, CYPHONIUM 1899 February: 32° N. 47° W. April: 46°—48° N. 13°—9° W. May: 50°—51° N. 33°—26° W. June: 65°—67° N. 1°—3 W. Silesia Ne Ooi W cod Nod NV, September :, 86° N. 24° W.; 61° .N. 1°-E.; 68° N..8° W. Temperature: 16.7, mean of 33 obs., max. 25.6, min. 6.1. Salinity: 35.71, mean of 24 obs., max. 37.21, min. 34,8s. Plankton-type. According to HacKerL, cosmopolitan. It appe- ars from the above data that it belongs to the Styli-plankton of the eastern Atlantic. — S. COROCALYPTRA ELISABETH Hku. (Chall. Pl. LIX fig. 10.) —~ 1898 February: 21° N. 74° W. November: 56° N. 23° W. Temperature: 25.1. and 10.s. Salinity: 35.22. Plankton-type. Noted from W. — D. the tropical Atlantic, O° S. 14° CROMYOMMA ZONASTER (kuz.) (Acanthosphara zon. Ens. Abh. d. Berl. Akad. 1872 pag. 285 Pl. Il fig. 2.) 1898 September: 73° N. 19° E. (deep sea haul). Plankton-type. Noted from Greenland ¥ CYPHONIUM CERATOSPYRIS Hk. (Monogr. pag. 445 Pl. XXII pag. 14—16.) 1898 February: 16° N. 71° W. Temperature: 20.7. Plankton-type. Noted from nean — §. ? D.? the Canaries and the Mediterra- (Ommatospyris prof. Kus. Abh- d. Berl. Akad. 1872 Pl. VIL fig. 5; X fig. 5.) RADIOLARIA—-GYPHONIUM, GYRTOCALVPIS 153 CYPHONIUM PROFUNDUM IIkv. 1898 January: 7° N. 22° W.; 7° N. 53° W.;-42° N..74° W. March: 6° S. 4° W.: 9° N. 53°—hO0° W.; .12°--14° N. 51°— 50°: W. May: 23° N. 56° W.;. 29° N. 39° W.; 98° _N. 47° W.; 41° N. 59° W. June 22° N. 60° W.’ to 30° N. 52°) W; July: 21° N. 58° W.;.26° N. 48°, W.; 295—33° N..74° W. August: 25° N. 74° W. September: 23° N. 42° W.; 33° N. 34° W.; 33°. N. 74°, W. October: 21° 5. 36° W.; 26° N..762,.W. November: 4° N. 30° W.: 36° N. 14° W.; 19° N. 58° W. December: 25° N..52° W. Temperature: 25.0, mean of 32 obs., max. 28, min. 17.5. Salinity: 36.ss, mean of 25 obs., max. 37.51, min. 3413. Plankton-type: /). z CYRTOCALPIS AMPHORA Ilku. ‘Monogr. pag. 286 Pl. V fig. 2, ©. obliqua and C. oculum, which | do not consider 1898 1899 as distinct species, included.) February: 26°-—34° N. 74°—73° W. May: 41° N. 51° W, July: B1°-N.<39° W. November: 26° N: 48° W. December: 18° N. 67° W. February: 32° N. 47° W. Temperature: 23.;, mean of 6 obs., max. 26.s, min. 1%:s. Salinity: 36.39, max. 37.43, min, 54.ss. Plankton-type. Found in the Mediterranean, Atlantic and Pacific. — D. ' Seems to me to be nothing but the interior shells of Punarfus, Peripa nrartus ete. 154 RADIOLARIA—DICTYOCEPHALUS, DICTYOCERAS, DICTYOCHA DICTYOCEPHALUS CYLINDRICUS (C1. (K. Sv. Vet. Akad. Handl. Vol. XXXIV n. 1 Pl. IV fig. 10. 1898 Februari: 15° N.71° W. 1898 1898 Temperature: 27. Plankton-tvpe. — VD. DICTYOCERAS NEGLECTUM (1. (K. Sv. Vet. Akad. Handl. Vol. XXXIV n. 1 Pl. IV fig. 5. Janwanye VAC OINY ba W SES ON. 70° W. March: 32° N. 32° W.; 12°—17°°N. 51°—47° W. May: 26°°N. 42° W.'29° N. 30° W. June: 30°—31° N. 52—50° W. September: "9° N' 5a" W); "33° N74" W. October: 15° N. 7ORaW St 26° N76" W.. November: 19°.N. 58° W. December: 19°—22° N. 58—5d6° W. Temperature: 25.1 mean of 16 obs,, max. 28.2, min. 1 8.2 Salinity: 36,01, mean of 14 obs., max., 37.16, min. 34.05. Plankton-type: 1). DICTYOCHA STAPEDIA Hkt.' (Chall. pag. 1561 Pl. Cl fig. 11—12.) January: 32° N. 74°)W. February: 34° N. 74° W. March: 7°—12° N. 55°—5O0° W.; 41° N» 21°—238° W. Neda Ws April: 49° N. 22° W. July 00" N..23° WW: September: 49° N.. 3° W; 56°—57>, N.28°—14" W.; 3°— 4° WW. 60° N. October: 5s6°°N2292 AW) “to 762" N° FW. and 60°ON: “3” We N November: 40° N. 68° W.. 45 Wee aer-eNe 2 WW. NDOT We HO" Nooo and. woe 1 Ostenfeld’s data for D. fibula used. Questionable whether a radiolaria or a silicoflagellate. ~ RADIOLARIA—-DICTYOPHIMUS, DIPLOGONUS 155 December: 45° N..50° W. 5° N. 49° W. February: 32°. N. 47° W. 14° N.. 15° Wi; 48° N. 9° W. July 57° N: 31° W. Temperature: 14.6, mean of 26 obs., max. 26, min. 7s. Salinity: 35.01, mean of 19 obs., max. 36.49, min. 32.20. Plankton-type: [Found in the Indian and Pacific Oceans. S. ? DICTYOPHIMUS GRACILIPES Bat. (CLEvE Kongl. Sv. Vet. Akad. Hand] Vol. XXXII n. 3 pag. 29 PI. Il fig. 2.) 1898 August (July—September): 76° N. 15° E to 80° N. 10° E. and 78° N. 3° W (deep sea hauls from 525 m. and more.) November: 56° N. 23°—36° W. 1899 January: 45°—48° N. 49°—-39° W. July: 71° N. 21° W. (deep sea haul from 225 m.) September: 67° N. 3° W. (deep sea haul from 500 m. November: 51° N. 21° W. Temperature: 10.2, mean of 5 obs., max. 12, min. 7.3 (sur- face). Salinity: 35.2. mean of 5 obs., max. 35.58, min. 39.00. Plankton type. Noted from the north Pacific and Kamt- schatka. — ? DIPLOCONUS FASCES IIx. (Monogr. pag. 405 Pl. XX fig. 7, 8.) 1898 January: 7° N53" W. “to 14 N49 We 32° N. 74° W. February: 5° 8. 9° E.; 26°—30° N. 74° W. March: 4° S. 10° W.. Canaries; 30 9° N. 59° W.; 28 N. 74° W. Aprins WON, ba Weta" N. 49° W.. May: 28° N. 47° W. to 29° N. 39° W. July: 19° N.:63° W,.t0 21° N.,58?..W.; 29° .N. 44° Wigto 34 N. 33° W. August: 34° N. 73° W. 156 RADIOLARIA—-DIPLOSPH-ERA, DORATASPIS, ELAPHOCOCCUS September: 12° N. 27° W.; Madeira; Azores; 33° N. 74° W. October: Azores; 34° N. 74° W. November: 4°.N. 30° W..) 22°°N.' 53° We 'to ‘89° N. 43° W.: Azores. December's 20° S.. 49° W.; 18° N. 672 Wee 30° Ne ot W: 1898 January: 35° oe OF EW. March: 30° N., 35° W. Aprit: 32° <. TOO; May: 25. i, 7° &: June: 14°.8. 6° W. to 4°. S278" W.; 21° N. 45° W. July: 11°—12° N. 26°27° W. Temperature: 23.2, mean of 53 obs., max. 28, min. 16. Salinity: 36.2, mean of 38 obs., max. 37.43, min. 33.9s. Plankton-type. [ound in the Mediterranean. — J). DIPLOSPHAERA DICTYOTA Hkt. (Chall. pag. 247.) 1898 December: Azores. Plankton-type. Noted from the Canaries. — S. ? DORATASPIS. Specimens of Dorataspis have been found in many samples from the tropical Atlantic, but as | am not convinced of the correct- ness of the determinations, | prefer to leave out all my notes about this genus. ELAPHOCOCCUS CERVICORNIS Hx. (Monogr. pag. 370 Pl. NIV fig. 4— 1898 February: 30° N. 74° W. November: Azores Temperature: 18.3 to 20.1. Plankton-type. According to HmcKket cosmopolitan, Mediter- ranean, Indian, Pacific. My specimens were found in Desmo- and Stvli-plankton intermingled. 1898 RADIOLARIA—EUCHITONIA EUCHITONIA ECHINATA Hxkv. (Chall. pag. 5386 Pl. XLII fig. 11. vonuary: ©. N: 53° Wie ON. 225) Wi December: 18° N. 67° W. Temperature: 26.1 to 23. Salinity: 34.88. Plankton-type. Hacker, mentions this species from 38 146° W., abysmal. 1897 L898 1898 1899 EUCHITONIA ELEGANS (Kiie.) (Pteractis eleqg. Eun. Abh. d. Berl. Akad. 1872 Pl. VIII fig. 3.) December: 12° N. 50° W. November: 19° N. 58° W. Temperature: 26.5 to 27.5. Salinity: 35.22. Plankton-type. ound in the Philippine Sea. — D. EUCHITONIA MULLERI Hx. (Monogr. pag. 508 Pl. XXX fig. 5—10.) January: 7°—12° N. 53°—50° W. March: 49° N. 16° W.; 41° N. 23° W. May: 41° N. 51°—54° W. September: 9° -N 53° W. October: 26° N. 76° W.: November: 19° N. 58° W. December: 18°—19° N. 67°—58° W.; 34° N. 38° W.;. 49 30° W. March: 47° N. 8° W. Temperature: 20.5, mean of 14 obs., max. 28, min 11. Salinity: 35.42, mean of 12 obs., max. 36.59, min. 34.05. Plankton-type. Occurs »in all Seas» Hkv. D). 157 15s RADIOLARIA—EUCHITONIA, EUCYRTIDIUM EUCHITONIA TRIANGULUM (Eup.) (Stylactis Ens. Abh. d. Berl. Akad. 1872. Pl. VIII fig. 9.) 1898 October: 21° S. 36° W. 1899 January: 45° N. 49° W. June: AAC WS. GP Wi. Temperature: 19, mean of 3 obs., max. 23, min. 12. Salinity: 36.4; N., mean of 3 obs., max. 37.21, min. 35.54. Plankton-type. Noted from the Pacific and the Azores. — 1). ? EUCHITONIA YPSILOIDES Hkt. (Chall. pag. 536.) 1898 December: 18° N. 67° W. Temperature: 26.s. Salinity: 34.ss. Plankton-type. Noted from the Mediterranean and the Ca- naries. — My specimen was found in Styli- and Desmo-plankton intermingled. EUCYRTIDIUM CIENKOWSKII Hkxt. (Chall. pag. 1495 Pl. LXXX fig. 9.) 1898 February: 16° N. 71° W. March: 8°—9° N. 59° -W. December: 19° N. 58° W. Temperature: 26.3, max. 27, min. 26. Salinity: 39,30 to 35.58. Plankton-type. [Found in the South Pacific, abysmal. — D. EUCYRTIDIUM SCALARINUM Hku. (Chall. pag. 1494.) 1897 December: 12° N. 50° Wi32 N33, WwW. 1898 February: 26° N. 74° W. September? SUN. 53° Ws 1b°eN: 71° OW: December: 18° N. 67° W. RADIOLARIA—EUCYRTIDIUM, EUCORONIS 159 Temperature: 249, mean of 6 obs., max. 28. min. 19.6. Salinity: 34.63, mean of 3 obs., max. 34.96, min. 34.04. Plankton-type: Found in the N. Atlantic, 36° N. 50° W. EUCYRTIDIUM TROPEZIANUM (J. Mic.) Lithocampe trop. Mtr, Abh. d. Berl. Akad. 1858 pag. 42. Pl. VI fig. 4—6.) 1897 December and 1898 January: 7° N. 53° W.; 25°—32° N. 74° W.; 43° N. 17° W.: 32 N= 38) Ws 29° N: 36° W. March: 32° N. 32°. W.; 41° N. 23° W.; 45° N. 13° W. May: 26° N. 52° W.; 41° N. 59° W.; 32° N. 36° W. June: 22° N. 60° W.-25° N. 57° W. July: 21° N. 58° W.; 24° N. 54° W.; 26° N. 48° W.- 31° N. 39° W. August: 22°-—25° N. 74° W. September: 15° N. 71° W.; 20° N. 74° W. October: 21° S. 36° W.; Azores. November: 19° N. 58° W.; 22° N. 53° W.; 29° N. 43° w. December: 18° N. 67° W.; 19° N. 58° W.; 25° N. 52° W.: 41° N. 66° W. Temperature: 23.5, mean of 31 obs., max. 28.1. min. 11.9. Salinity: 36.13, mean of 24 obs., max. 37.17, min. 34.43. Plankton-type. Noted from the Mediterranean. — D. EUCORONIS CHALLENGERI Hxx. (Chall. pag. 978 Pl. LXXXII fig, 4 1898 January: 7° N. 53° W. February: 16° N. 71° W. July: 21° N., 58° .W. September: 15° N. 70° W. December: 41° N. 66° W. Temperature: 23, mean of 5 obs., max. 28.4. min. 12. Salinity: 34.s0 and 3496 (doubtless anomalous). Plankton-type. Occurs in the Pacific and Indian Oceans. My specimens are all from the western tropical Atlantic. — D. 160 RADIOLARIA—EUCORONIS, EUPHYSETTA EUCORONIS NEPHROSPYRIS Hk. (Chall. pag. 977 Pl. LXXNXII fig. 5. 1898 November: 19° N. 58° W. December: 18° N. 67° W. Temperature: 26.s. Salinity: 34.88 to 3D.22. Plankton-type. Occurs in Ocean. -— D. the Mediterranean and Indian EUPHYSETTA LUCANI borcerr. Ergebn. d. Plankton-Expedition A. Pl. VI fig. 8. 1899 January: 45° N. 49° W., very rare c >) J Temperature: 12. Salinity: 35.51. Plankton-type. The sample in which this species was found, contained chiefly Tricho-plankton and some Styli-plankton. EUPHYSETTA NATHORSTII Cx. (Kongl. Sv. Vet. Akad. Handl. Vol. XXXII n. 3 pag. 29 Pl. Il fig. 3.) 1898 July: 78° N. 3° W. (deep sea haul). Plankton-type: ” EUPHYSETTA PUSILLA CL. (K. Sv. Vet. Akad. Handl. Vol. XXXIV n. 1 PI. III fig. 16. 1899 January: 45° N. 49° W. Temperature: 12. Salinity: 35.54. Plankton-type °? —" RADIOLARIA—EUSCENIUM, GAZELLETTA, HALIOMMA 161 EUSCENIUM TRICOLPIUM Ik. (Chall. pag. 1147 Pl. LIII fie. 12.) 1898 March: 62° N. 2° E.: July: 78° N. 3° W. (deep sea haul from 2,600 m.). November: 53° N. 32° and 50° W.. 56° N. 36°. 30° and: 23° W December: 43° N. 57° W. 1899 March: 64° N. 12° W. November: 51° N. 21°°M Temperature: 9.1, mean of 5 obs., max. 13, min. 6.s. Salinity: 34.92, mean of 5 obs.,max. 35.39, min. 34.04. Plankton-type. According to. Hacker. this species has been found in the central Pacific, abysmal; according to the above data it occurs in the Northern Atlantic in most cases associated with Stvli-plankton, but it seams nevertheless not to be a true Styli- plankton-form. To judge from its non occurrence in the Atlantic, S. of 40°, it seems as if it derived from the Polar Basin or N. Pacific, as 1s probably the case also with many other radiolaria of the Northern Atlantic. GAZELLETTA HEXANEMA Ilkv. Chall. pag. 1671 Pl. GXX fig. 5.) 1898 March: 49° N. 18° W. Temperature: 11. Salinity: 35.65. Plankton-type. Found in the Atlantic, Mediterranean, Indian and Pacific. My specimens were found in Styli- and Tricho-plankton intermingled. — S, ? HALIOMMA ECHINOSPHZAERA (1. (K. Sv. Vet. Akad. Handl. Vol. XXXIV n. 1 Pl. V fig. 5.) 1899 January: 45° N. 49° W. Temperature: 12. Salinity: 35.52. Plankton-type: ? 162 RADIOLARIA—-HALIOMMA, HELIOSPHAERA HALIOMMA IRREGULARE (1. K. Sv. Vet. Akad. Handi. Vol. XXXIV n. 1 PL V fig. 4.) 1899 January: 45° N. 49° W. Temperature: 12. Salinity: 35.51. Plankton-type. ” HALIOMMA SPINULOSUM J. Mice. Abh. der Berl. Akademie 1858 pag. 39 Pl. IV fig. 6.) 1897 December: 12° N. 50° W. 1898 February: 13°—16° N. 70°—71° W.; 21° N. 74° W. March: Me No b6o) Woe eo ON. 3b WW, yune: LO. IN. bar awe duly: hd? N. Ww; NOG IVY August: er a Dy W. September: 9° N. 38° W;;.15° N. 71° Ws Azores; .56° N.:21° W. October: 16° N. 70° W. November: = 15 oN, 28-—27° WW: eae December: 18° N: 67° W- 41° Ny 66°°W. 4A N. aT? OW. 1899 November: 51° N. 13° W, Temperature: 22.3, mean of 22 obs., max. 28.2, min. 10. Salinity: 54.06, mean of 16 obs., max. 36.25, min. 32.99. Plankton-type. Noted from the Mediterranean and the central Pacific. — D. ? HELIOSPHARA ACTINOTA IIx. Monogr. pag. 352 Pl. IX, fig. 3). 1898 March: 17° N. 47° W. May: 21° N. 48°) W; JuUlyivde oN. 3- W. (deep sea haul). October: 26° N. 76° W, December: 30° N. 16° W. 1899 January: 29% N. 16° W. Temperature. 22.1, max. 26.1, min 16.s. Salinity: 36.19, max. 36.73, min 36.13. RADIOLARIA—HELIOSPH-ERA, HEXACONTIUM 163 Plankton-type. Noted from the Mediterranean, the Atlantic, and the Canaries. 1). HELIOSPHARA MINUTA (‘1. (K. Sv. Vet. Akad. Hand]. Vol. XXXIV n. 1 Pl. VI fig. 2. 1898 March: 41° N. 21°—23° W.; 49° N. 18° W.; 62° N. 11° W. August: 17°. N. 71°. W. Temperature: 11.7, mean of 4 obs., max. 14.9, min. 8, excep- tionally 27.2. Salinity: 35.63, mean of 3 obs., max. 33.87, min. 39.37. Plankton-type: ‘S. ? HEXACONTIUM ARMATUM (.. K. Sv. Vet. Akad. Handl. Vol. XXXIV n. 1 Pl. VI fig. 5. 1898 November: 56° N. 17° W. Temperature: 11... Salinity: 35.27. Plankton-type: S. HEXACONTIUM ASTERACANTHION IIx. Monogr. pag. 44L Pl. XNIII fig. 5—6. The fig. 22 Pl. VI in VaANHOFFEN’s D. > Fauna u. Flora Grénlands, which has erroneously been named Hevralonche hexa cantha, probably represents this species.) 1898 March: 62° N. 2° E. 1899 November: 51° N. 21° and 28° W. Temperature: 7.1 (one obs.). Salinity: 55.12 (one obs.). Plankton-type. [Found in the Atlantic, Mediterranean and Pacific. My specimens were found in Styli-plankton. Sek 164 RADIOLARIA—HEXACONTIUM, HEXADORAS, HEXALASPIS HEXACONTIUM HOSTILE C1. (K. Sv. Vet. Akad. Handl. Vol. XXXIV n. 1 Pl. VI fig. 4.) 1898 November: 56° N. 23° W. Temperature: 10s. Salinity: 35.39. Plankton-type: ‘S. HEXACONTIUM SETOSUM Hx. Chall. pag. 198.) 1899 January: 45° N. 49° W. Temperature: 12. Salinity: 55.51. Plankton-type. Found in the Mediterranean, the Atlantic and the Pacifie. > HEXADORAS BOREALIS (C1. (Cu. K. Sv. Vet. Akad. Handl. Vol. XXXII n. 3 pag. 30 PI. Il fig. 4. — Ihézo- plegma sp. Aurrv..1. ¢. Vol. XXXII n: 6. pag. 28.) 1898 March: 63° N. 2° E. July: 77°. N. 12°\ EY (deep ‘seachaul). August: 80° N. 10° E. (deep sea haul). September: 72° N. 19° E. (deep sea haul). Plankton-type. ” HEXALASPIS HELIODISCUS Hk. Chall. pag. 875 Pl. CXXXIX fig. 2.) 1898 January: 11° N. 52° W. Mag: 29° IN@BOP\ Ws: (267 NIMER? WW, June: 2A Ne D8? W. -olN ela, Wea iN oo Wee Ba Wee Juby:\ 1° ON D8 IW 5°26" Nines ey, RADIOLARIA—-HEXALONCHE 165 October: 39° NS Zin PW November: 24° S. 29° W.; 22°°N.. 58°: W.:) 269° Misee° W.- 36% N.. 14° W: December: 18° N. 67° W.3 25° N. 52° W.; 28° N. 17°. W: 1899 May: 25° S:' 7° E. fune: 1a Bo 6° Wo 5°? Sei Ww. Temperature: 22.3, mean of 19 obs., max. 27.5, min. 14.5. Salinity: 36.45. mean of 16 obs., max. 37.48, min. 34.ss. Plankton-type. [ound in the central Pacific. — D. HEXALONCHE AMPHISIPHON Hx. Chall. pag: 182 Pl. XXV fig. 2) 1898 Juric: 22°'N 60° W.-) 23° N.: 42° W. September : 17> Ni 48° "Ww. Notember: 19° S. 31° W. Temperature: 25.5, mean of 4 obs., max. 27.2, min. 25. Salinity: 36.83; mean of 4 obs., max. 37.26, min. 36.5. Plankton-type. Found in the central Pacifie. -— J). HEXALONCHE HEXACANTHA (J. Mice.) (Hatiomma her, MLLER Abh. d. Berl. Akad. 1858 pag. 38. Pl. IV fig. d. 1898 January: 46° N. 11° W. March: 49° N. 18° W. November: 56° N. 23° W. Temperature: 11.5, mean of 3 obs., max. 12.8, min. 10.s. Salinity: 35.32 to 3d.65. Plankton-type. [ound in the Mediterranean. — S. HEXALONCHE OCTAHEDRA IIku. Chall. pag. 181 Pl. XXIL fig.) 1898 November: 56° N. 30° and 17° W. December: 18° N. 67> W. 1899 October: 56° N. 15° W. 166 RADIOLARIA—HAXALONCHE, HEXASTYLUS Temperature: 26.8; 11.6; 9.6. Salinity: 34.ss; 35.08; 35.27. Plankton-type. Found in the central pe WDA Pacific, abysmal. HEXALONCHE PHILOSOPHICA IIku. (Chall. pag. 186 Pl. XXII fig. 4. 1898: March: 46° N. 11° Wi: (Gao. 2 Nobember: bo" NY 14° Wee Sor N. 17° “and 30° W. 1899 March: 64° N. 11° W. Temperature: {).1, mean of 5 obs., max. 11.6, min. 6.7. Salinity: 35.2;., mean of 5 obs., Plankton-type. Noted from the Fiirée Iceland. — S. max. 35.42, min. 3D.0s. Channel and = from HEXASTYLUS NOBILIS C1. (K. Sv. Vet. Akad. Hand]. Vol. XXXIV n. 1 Pl. VI fig. 1) 1898 November: 19° N. 60° W. Temperature: 27.;. Salinity : 35.22. Plankton-type: J). ° HEXASTYLUS PHAENAXONIUS Hk. (Chall. pag. 171 Pl. XXI fig. 3.) 1898 November: 19° N. 57° W. Temperature: 27.5. Salinity: 35.22. Plankton-type. Found in the central Pacific, abysmal. — 1). RADIOLARIA—HYMENIASTRUM, HYSTRICHASPIS 167 HYMENIASTRUM EUCLIDIS Hic. (Chall. pag. 531 Pl. XLII fig. 13.) 1898 January: 7° N. 53° W.; 12° N. W. March: 4°.N. 10° W.; 9° N. 59 He duly: 21°.N. 58° W.; 41° N. 58°? W. August: 41° N. 57° W.; Azores. September: ilemeeaO. W 2) Oe aN ore November: 19° N. 58° W.; 22° N. 53° W. December: 18° N. 67° W.: 34° N. 38° W. 899 April: 36° N. 74° W. dune: 14: ssog—7- W=-3° N, 20°°W: » Temperature: 24.9, mean of 16 obs., max. 28, min 13.1. Salinity: 35.75, mean of 14 obs., max. 37.21, min. 34.05. Plankton-type, [ound in the central Pacific. — D. HYMENIASTRUM LEYDIGII Hc. (Monogr. Pl. XXXI fig. 4, 5. — Small specimen, central dise O.os mm.; arms 0.05 m. m. Patagium with 2 rows of cellulie.) 1899 January: 43° N. 49° W. Temperature: 12. Salinity: 35.51. Plankton-type. [ound in the Pacific, the Atlantic and the Mediterranean. HYSTRICHASPIS DORSATA IIku. Chall. pag. 823. Pl. CNXVIII fig. 10.) 1898 “November: 37° N. 27° W. Temperature: 20. Salinity: 36.21, Plankton-type. Jl*ound in the central Pacific. — JD. ? S. : 168 RADIOLARIA—-HYSTRICHASPIS, IGOSASPIS HYSTRICHASPIS PECTINATA IHIkt. (Chall. pag. 822 Pl. CXXXVIII fig. 8.) 1898 March: 4° 8. 10°°Ws).3" WN. db W. October: Azores. December: 18° N. 67° W. 1899 February: 32° N. 47° W, June: ao. AT” OW: Temperature: 24.s, mean of 6 obs., max. 28, min. 19s. Salinity: 35.51, mean of 6 obs., max. 36.49, min. 34.s. Plankton-type. Noted from the region of Sierra Leone. — 1). ICOSASPIS ELEGANS Hk. bis (Chall. pag. 844 Pl. CXXXVI fig. 4.) eN~ _ == 1898 February: 5° 5. 4 April: 14° Ne 70° Ww. May: 32° N: at? Ws Temperature: 21.1 to 28. Salinity: 34.12 to 36.ss. Plankton-type. |ound from Ascencion to the Canaries. — S.? ICOSASPIS TABULATA Hk . (Chall. pag. 843 Pl. CXXXVI fig. 2. 1898 October: 36° N. 10° W. Temperature: 12. Salinity: 55.46. Plankton-type. Found in the north Pacific, between Japan and San Francisco, abysmal. — S. ? ICOSASPIS TETRAGONOPA IIkx. Haliommatidium Monogr. Pl. XXII fig. 18.) 1898 March: 23° N. 28°, W. Temperature: 20. Salinity: 36.01. Plankton-type. [Found in the Mediterranean. — S. ? RADIOLARIA—LAMPROCYCLAS, LAMPROMITRA, LITHARACHNIUM = 169 LAMPROCYCLAS AEGLES (Fun. (Podocyrtis -Eqles Fun. Microg. Pl. XXXV B. B. IV fig. 18.) 1898 March: 62° N. 2° E. Temperature: 7.:. Salinity: 35.12. Plankton-type. Found in the bottom-mud of the northern Atlantic. Dee LAMPROMITRA CORONATA IIkt. (Chall. pag. 1214 Pl. LX fig. 7.) 1898 January: 32° N. 74° W. Temperature: 19.5. Plankton-type. Found in the central Pacific, abysmal. LAMPROMITRA EROSA CL. K. Sv. Vet. Akad. Handl. Vol. XXXIV n. 1 Pl. IV fig. 2, 3.) 1899 January: 40° N. 49° W. Temperature: 12. Salinity: 35.51. Plankton-type: ” LITHARACHNIUM (TENTORIUM Iku.) Sp. (The determination is not trustworthy, and my specimens may belong, at least in part, to L. arachnodicus or L. epeira, if these really be distinct species. I have published my notes, because the distribution of these forms seems to be of inte rest, especially as one specimen was found W. of Norway. 1898 March: 32° N. 74° W.: 62° N. 2° E, April: 48° N 29° W. Temperature: 7.1 to 13.s. Salinity: 39.12 to 3D.75. Plankton-type. /itharachnium tentorium occurs in the Me- diterranean, L. epeira has been found in the central Pacific and L. 170 RADIOLARIA—LITHELIUS, LITHOLOPHUS arachnodiscus in bottom-mud from Greenland. The specimen found at 62° N. 2° KE. occurred together with a number of other radiola- ria, Which seem to derive from the northern Pacific. LITHELIUS ARBORESCENS Hx. (Chall. pag. 695.) 1898 November: 40° N..67° W. Temperature: 18.2. Plankton-type. Noted from the Fiirée Channel. My specimen occurred in Styli- and Tricho-plankton intermingled. LITHOLOPHUS LIGURINUS Iku. Chall. pag. 736 — L. arcticus Auriv. and L. decimalis HKL. included.) 1898" Sulye BO” IN: ASP OLS IN. 4° Wao ON. Te Be We ale 3 W. (deep sea hauls Auriv.). August: 56°. Na TSreOwe 767 S77 SNL Ad © E.: °79° No 102 sk: (deep sea haul Auriv.). : eptember: W2° N.i27° W Azores; 56> N. 27> We bO? Ne 3 W.; 71°—74° N. 19° E. October: 21° 5S. 36° W.; 56° N. 10° W.; Westmannao. November: 4° N. 30° W.; 34° N. 33° W.; 34—36° N,,10%-—14° Wis o2°2 Ne Bee Wa Dae DN Ca AW 4@p6 72 Novae December: 26° S. 45° W.; Azores. 1899: January: 29° N. 16° W. February: 32° N. 47° W. Aprils B25N. Fd We 87> AN 26° Wes! 445 NE 1S awe Mag B0°RN33°S359° Wes O26 NA Be Ws JUNC A — 7 Sa NO Woe NE to OD: ae ine duly Tl Ns 21 Wo tong 4: INaZOr = WwW. August: 55°—d6° N. 26°—23° W. September: 65° N. 2° W. October: DOAN. 230 Weta WN. ol oo ae November: oi, (N. 13° and 21° W. Temperature: 16.2, mean of 31 obs., max. 27.2, min. 5.s4. Salinity: 35.69, mean of 26 obs., max. 37.41, min. 34.21. RADIOLARIA—-LITHOLOPHUS, LITHOMELISSA 171 Planktontype. /. /igurinus is found the Mediterranean and central Pacific, 1. decimalis also in the Atlantic and Indian Ocean, L. arcticus from Davis's Strait. If they, as | belive, represent one species only, this species belongs principally to the east Atlantic and spreads thence to the northern and arctic Atlantic, being one of the most eurythermous forms of the Sfyl-plankton. LITHOLOPHUS RHIPIDIUM Ixz.' (Monogr. pag. 402 Pl. XIX fig. 6. — L. decapristis Hk. included. 1898 September: 15° N. 71° W.; 29° N. 74° W. October: Azores. November: 4° N. 30° W.; 45° N. 7° W. December: Canary Islands; Azores. 1899 March: 36° N. 29° W. April: 48° N. 9° W. June: 6° S. 16° W.; 4° S. 19° W. Temperature: 21.5, mean of 12 obs., max. 28.4, min. 12.4. Salinity: 35.53, mean of 10 obs., max. 36.76, min. 34.96. Plankton-type. [ound in the region W. of Sierra Leone and in the Mediterranean. — S. JD. LITHOMELISSA THORACITES Ilxkv.* (Monogr. pag. 301 Pl. VI fig. 2—8.) 1898 January: 7° N. 53° W. February: 16° N. 71° W. to 30° N. 74° (W. May: 41° N. 51° W. September: 9° N. 53° November: 56° N. 23° W. December: 18° N. 67° W. 1899 January: 45° N. 49° W. Temperature: 20.:, mean of 9 obs., max.28. min. 10.s. * All observations before September 1898 excluded as not trustworthy. * Lithomelissa thoracites Auriv. (Kongl. Sv. Vet. Akad. Handl. Vol. XXXIL n. 6 pag. 28) from the Arctic Sea is another species, or Peridiun 2? minuttum Cu. 172 RADIOLARIA—LITHOMITRA, LITHOPERA, LITHOPHYLLIUM Salinity: 35.16, mean of 5 obs.,max. 36.01, min. 34.05. Plankton-type. Found in the Atlantic, Mediterranean, Indian, Pacitie se. :Se 2p ake LITHOMITRA LINEATA Ens. (Ci. Kongl. Sv. Vet. Akad. Handl. Vol. XXXII n. 3 pag. 30 Pl. II fig. 7.) 1898 July: 78° N. 3° W. (deep sea haul). August: 80° N. 10° E. (deep sea haul). September: 72° N. 19° E. (deep sea haul). Plankton-type. [ound in the Atlantic, Mediterranean, Indian and Pacific. — ? LITHOPERA BACCA Ens. Abh. d. Berl. Akad. 1872 Pl. VIII fig. 1.) 1898 Sune 23 ON. ee” We 337) Ni 48° OW. August: 22° N. 74° W. October? 21°"s. oo WW. Temperature: 24.;, mean of 4 obs., max. 27.8, min. 22. Salinity: 36.63, mean of 4 obs., max. 37.21, min. 36.25. Plankton-type. Found in the tropical, central Pacific. — D. LITHOPHYLLIUM FOLIOSUM J. Mtct. (Abh. d. Berl. Akad. 1858 pag. 52 Pl. XI fig. 6—10.) 1898 June: 34° N. 33° W. July: 49° N. 22° W. December: 29° S. 49° W. Temperature: 21.0, mean of 4 obs., max. 23.s, min 19. Salinity: 35.18, mean of 4 obs., max. 36.30, min. 34.53. Plankton-type. [ound in the Mediterranean. — 5. ? 1898 L898 L898 1899 1898 and =1 wo RADIOLARIA—LITHOPHYLLIUM, LITHOPTERA 1 LITHOPHYLLIUM GLADIATUM IIkv. Chall. pag. 754 Pl. CXXX fig. 3: May: 26° N. 42° W. September : By. 3) N. 51 —=-4() W. Temperature: 25.1 to 25s. Salinity: 36.33; to Plankton-type. [ound in the north Pacific. PD: Q- O/.16. LITHOPTERA DARWINII IIkv. (Chall. Rep. Narrative pag. 222 fig. 90. December: 25° N. 52° W. Temperature: 24.2. Salinity: 37.17. Plankton-type. Noted from the region west of Patagonia. — 1) LITHOPTERA MULLERI Hx. (Monogr. pag. 398 Pl. XX fig. 1, 2. October: Azores. Apri: de-N: 75°, W: Temperature: 21.1 to 21.s. Salinity: 36.23 to 36.2s. Plankton type. [ound in the Mediterranean. Shae LITHOPTERA TETRAPTERA Hk. (Chall. pag. 779 Pl. CXXXI fig. 9.) October: Azores. November: Azores; 32° N. 38° W. December: Azores. Temperature: 19.;, mean of 5 obs., max. 22, min. 18.s. Salinity : 536.21 to 36.69. Plankton-type. Noted from the region between Sierra Leone Ascension. — S. ? a ~I KN RADIOLARIA——-LITHOSTROBUS, LYCHNASPIS LITHOSTROBUS BOTRYOCYRTIS Hkt. (Chall. pag. 1475 Pl. LXNXIX fig. 18, 19.) 1897 December: 12° N. 50° W. 1898 February: 16° _N. 717 W. March: 9° N-x59°r We iG? N! 7ORIWee4b? N. 13° W. September: 9° N. 53° W. October 21°" 5.536" Ws November: 22° “N. D HO aN. sO and 23° |W. "'N... 49° W. 1899 January: 45 Temperature: 18.3, mean of 15 obs., max. 28, min. 6. Salinity: 35.51, mean of 9 obs., max. 37.21, min. 34.72. Plankton-type. [ound in the central Pacilic, abysmal. — D. LYCHNASPIS GILTSCHII xv. (Chall. pag..839 P). XCV fig. 3.) 1898 February: 26° N. 74° W. Marche 42> Sao? Wee 23° IN... 28° Ws Go N59? We Wage 23> Neo O> Wi? 28°) Ne agen WR Maar ON. OO" Wino Ne Ae Wacwoc, JIN. 37. W.. June: 19° IN. 63° W.; 27° N...5d5° We July: 21° N. 58° W.; 26° N. 48° W.; 41° N.. 58° W. seprember: 9° N. &3° WW. Woo IN WTA October: 260°. N.. 76°" W. INODCHOEr ao IN So Wer DCM EN ey PN ee a SNe ae Azores. Temperature: 24.;, mean of 21 obs., max. 28.4, min. 17.5. Salinity: 36.06, mean of 19 obs., max. 37.01, min. 33.ss. Plankton-type. Noted from 21° S. 14° W. to 3°. N. 15° W. — J. LYCHNASPIS UNDULATA Hk. (Chall. pag. 841 Pl. CXXXV fig. 2.) 1898 December: Azores. Temperature: 18.:. Plankton-type. Noted from Ascension. — S. ? D. ? RADIOLARIA—PANARTUS, PANTCIUM PANARTUS DIPLOCONUS Ilkv. (Chall. pag. 379 Pl. XL fig. 1. 1898 October: 21° S. 36° W. ‘)-) Temperature: 22>. Salinity: $7.21. Plankton-type. [ound in the central Pacific, abysmal. My specimen was found in Styli- and Desmo-plankton intermingled PANARTUS SPINOSUS Hxv. Chall. pag. 381. 1898 December: 16° N. 67° W. Temperature: 26.s. Salinity: 34.ss. Plankton-type. Found in the north Pacific. — D. ? S. ? PANARTUS TETRATHALAMUS IIkv. (Chall. 378 Pl. XL fig. 3.) 1898 March: 12° N. 51° W: November: 19° N. 58 Temperature: 25.3 to 27.5. Salinity: 55.22. Plankton-type. [Found in the Atlantic, Mediterranean and Pa- - D. cific. My specimens were found in Desmo-plankton. PANICIUM CORONATUM Ilkx. Chall. pag. 386 Pl. XL fig. 4. 1898 November: 19° N. 58° W. Temperature: 27.5. Salinity: 35.72. Plankton-type. 1). Found in the central Pacific, abysmal. - 176 RADIOLARIA—-PERIDIUM, PERIPANARTUS PERIDIUM (?) INTRICATUM (1. Kongl. Sv. Vet. Akad. Handl.. Vol. XXXII n. 3 pag. 31 Pl. Il fig. 8.) 1898 July: 78° N. 3° W. (deep sea haul). Plankton-type: ” PERIDIUM (?) LAXUM (1. (Kongl. Sv. Vet. Akad. Handl. Vol. XXXII n. 3 pag. 31 Pl. II fig. 9.) 1898 September: 72° N. 19° E. (deep sea haul). Plankton-type: ° PERIDIUM (?) MINUTUM (C1. (Kongl. Sv. Vet. Akad. Handl. Vol. XXXII n. 3 pag. 31 Pl. III fig. 1. — Lithomie- lissa thoracites Auriy. non Hk.) 1898 July: 78° N. 3°W. (deep.sea_haul). August: 72° N. 10° E. (deep sea haul). November: 55° N. 44° W. Temperature: 6. Salinity: 54.72. Plankton-type: ” PERIPANARTUS AMPHICONUS Ix. (Chall. pag. 383 Pl. XL fig. 5.) 1398 July: -2l- N. 58” W: Temperature: 27.5. Salinity: 56.37. Plankton-type. Found in the central Pacific, abysmal. — D. ? RADIOLARIA—PERIPANIGIUM, PHATNASPIS, PHORTICIUM 177 PERIPANICIUM AMPHICORONA Hik:. Chall. pag. 387 Pl. XL fig. 8,) 1898 March: 9° N. 59° W. December: 18° N. 67 W. Temperature: 26.: to 26... Salinity: "34.88 to 3D.ss. Plankton-type. Found in the central Pacific. abysmal, — J). PHATNASPIS CRISTATA IIkv. (Chall. pag. 869 Pl. CXXXVI fig. 6.) 1898 March: 6° S. 4° W.: 23° N. 28° W. Temperature: 20.5 to 26.s. Salinity : 35.95 to 36.91. Plankton-type. Found in the north Pacific. — J). PHATNASPIS LACUNARIA IHlx:. (Chall. pag. 869 PJ. CXXXVI fig. 9). L898 Nocenber: Azores. Temperature: Is.;. Plankton-type. Found in the central Pacific. PHORTICIUM PYLONIUM Hxi.. Chall. pag. 709 Pl. XLIN fig. 10. — Cl. Kongl. Sv. Vet. Akad. Handl. Vol. XNNII n: 3) pag. 5) Pl. ID fis, 2!) IS98 July: 78° N. 3B W. (deep sea haul). August: 77-—80° XN. 12°—10° FE. (deep sea haul). September: 72°—76° N. 19°—15° E. (deep sea haul). October: 21° S. 36> W. 78 RADIOLARIA——-PHRACTASPIS a6” N. 44°— November: 40° N.“67"' Wz 50° NIST Web 30° W. December: 41° N. 66° W. 1899 January: 45° N. 49° °W. February: 32° N. 47° W. y { Temperature: 13.5, mean of 9 obs., max. 22, min. 6. Salinity: 35.50, max. 37.21, min. 34.60. Plankton-type. Found .in the Mediterranean, Atlantic and ‘Pacific. S92 DF? PHRACTASPIS BIPENNIS IIkv. (Dorataspis bip. UK. Monogr. pag. 413 Pl. XXII fig. 1, 2.) 1898 January: 27- N. 37° W: July: 42° N. 48° W. December: Azores. Temperature: 19.7, mean of 3 obs., max. 22, min. 17.2 Salinity : 35.63 (one obs.). Plankton-type. Noted from nean. — JD. ? the Canaries and the Mediterra- PHRACTASPIS CATAPHRACTA (J. Mitt.) Acanthometra cataph. J. Mtunt. Abh. d. Berl. Acad. 1858 pag. 49 Pl. X fig. 7,8) 1893 Jonwary yf Ns 22u Wee 1deeN AO Woe Nei oW, February: 1b” NeW W. March. 10° N53" PW 2s Ne 38> Wi. July: 33>. N74 MG Temperature: 24s, mean of 7 obs., max. 28, min. 19.5. Salinity: 35.91 (one obs.). Plankton-type. Noted from iO the Canaries and the Mediterra- nean. ]). RADLOLARIA—PHRACTASPIS, PLAGIACANTHA, PLECTANIUM, PLEGTOPHORA 179 PHRACTASPIS PROTOTYPUS Ilku. (Chall. pag. 809 PI. CXNXNVITI fig. 2.) 1898 February: 5° 8. 4° FE. Junes 19° N: 63° W. uly 39° W.23° W. September— November: Azores. Temperature: 22.:, mean of 7 obs., max. 28, min. 18.5. Salinity: 35.77, mean of 5 obs., max. 36.33, min. 34.12. Plankton-type. [ound in the eastern tropical Atlantic, the Mediterranean, Indian and Pacific. — S. ? PLAGIACANTHA ABIETINA li. Hlerrw. Organ. d. Radiol. Pl. VII fig. 6—6 b.) 1898 November: 53° N. 50° W.; 95° N. 44° W. Temperature: 6 to 7.2. Salinity: 34.59 to ; Plankton-type. [Found in the Mediterranean. My specimens occurred in Styli- and Tricho-plankton intermingled. ) lA } ea baie PLECTANIUM SIMPLEX (1. Kongl. Sv. Vet. Akad. Handl. Vol. NNXIE n. 3 pag. 32 PI. IIL fig. 3.) 1898 July: 78° N. 3° W. (deep sea haul). November: 56° N. 36° W. Temperature: 7... Salinity: 30. Plankton-type. ” PLECTOPHORA ARACHNOIDES (Crar. & Lacum.).’ Plagiacantha ar. tudes surles inf. pag. 462 PI. NNII fig. 9. E898 March: 45° N. 13° Was 40° N. .72°"W. April: 43° N* 507 We ' Ostenfeld’s data used. 180 RADIOLARIA—POLYPETTA, PORQDISCUS May: Farées; 62°)'N. 2° 8. June: 'S. Iceland; 71, ,N. 22°, E. July: 61° N. 4° W. August: Fardes; 76°—78° N. 12°—8° E. September: 64° N. 31° W.; Fardes; 60° N. 2° W.; between Norway and Spitzbergen. October: 5. of Iceland; Fares; 59° 'N. 16° “W)"57° N."27> W..; DS 2. ae.. W. DO_UN, OL. We November: 56% .N.,30°-—3a6> W.., 53° N. 327: Waa O2e0N: e350 W:; 45° N., 52° W.;. 42°.N. 64° W.; 402_N., 675. M-. December: % 45° UW. to, 42°..N. 65° ..W. 1899 January: 45° N. 49° W.; 41° N. 69° W. June: 62° N. 1° E. (deep sea haul). July : 56°—57° N. 38°—31° W. October: 53°, NN. Bt OW iNewember= DIY NO2ZE W. ~1 Ae Temperature: 8.s, mean of 36 obs.. max. 18.2, min. 5. Salinity: 34.s6, mean of 35 obs., max. 35.29, min. 31.96. Plankton-type. 7. and ©. POLYPETTA HOLOSTOMA C.. (Kongl. Sv. Vet. Akad. Hand). Vol. XXXII n. 3) pag. 32 Pl. Ll fig. 4.) 1898 July: 78° N. 3° W. (deep sea haul). Plankton-type. ” PORODISCUS FLUSTRELLA [lku. (Chall. pag. 491 Pl. XII fig. 1. 1898 August: 41° N. 50° W. 1899 January: 45° N. 49° W.; 48° -N. 39 W. Temperature: | to 21.1. Salinity : 34.29 to 3D.5s. Plankton-type. Found in the Atlantic and Pacilic. S. RADIOLARIA—PORODISCUS, PSILOMELISSA, PTEROCANIUM 1s] PORODISCUS HETEROCYCLUS Iikv. (Monogr. pag. 493 Pl. NNIN fig. 3. 1898 May: 61° N. 1° W. Temperature: 7.». Salinity: 39.10. Plankton-type. Found in the Mediterranes Pacitie. — S. n, Atlantic and pa) PSILOMELISSA GALEATA [nu. (Ens. Abh. d. Berl. Akad. 1872 Pl. VII fig. 25 lo oS 1898 February: 15° Nei 71°. W. March: 15° N. 49° W. May: 41° N. a1°. W. July: 42° N. 48° W. Temperature: 24, mean of 3 obs. max. 27, min. 1%. Salinity : 35.05 te Plankton-type. Found in the western tropical Pacilic. 1). » 36.01. PSILOMELISSA LONGISPINA (Cu. Kongl. Sv. Vet. Akad. Handi. Vol. NNNIV n. t PL IV fig. 4. 1898 January: 32° N. 74 W. May: 41° N. 51° W. December: 18° N. 67° W. Temperature: 21.s, mean of 3 obs., max. 26.s, min. 14. Salinity: 34.38 to 50.01. Plankton-type: J). PTEROCANIUM PRATEXTUM [nu Lychnocanium pr. Kus. Abh. d. Berl. Akad. 1872 Pl. X fig. 2. — P. trieolpum Hk. ineluded. 1398, Jaguary: 12°, N:) 50°)W.; 15° N.) 70° W.; 20 Nint4y Wi February: 21° N. 74° W. March: 12° N. 31°° W. 182 RADIOLARIA—PTEROCORYS Aprit; 12° INO RUWN: June: WO’ Nb Ws Jug: 20°°N OS We Cano IN. 7a Vee Be 74 Woaetas a 74° W. August: 22° N74? WE 2d NO 74 WW 54. as : Septentoer: O°" N.-bab° We 1b? INFO? W... 33°) Nae Oeta ber? 2 yeaa We oo” ena Ws November: 22° -N. "53° W732? N. 38° W.: B40 N. SBen Wa; AG AINE Bee NN, December: 18° N. 67° W. 139 Janvaryed IN. O38 W.. Jurie: VASES SBT SIA Ni? ay ef WSC NGO? Wee 22 IN: 45° W. Temperature: 25.2, mean of 27 obs., max. 28, min. 16. Salinity: 36.20, mean of 20 obs., max. 37.21, min. 34.05. Plankton-type. Noted from Zanzibar and Ceylon. 2. (ricol- pum, which seems to me not to differ specifically, is found in the Atlantic and Pacific. — According to the above data this species occurs in the tropical, western Atlantic, in November in the region of the Newfoundland Banks. — 1. PTEROCORYS CAMPANULA IIx. (Chall. pag. d3t6 Pl LX tig: 3.) 1897 December and Laos January: 12° N. 50° We5 ula” Ni°70> W- Feoruary: To: NO AW. March: 9° N. 59° W.; 15°. N: 49°°W. Seprember: 9° N. 68> Ws ab” IN. 70" Ws See Noo, November: 19° N. 58° W. December: 18° N. 67° W. Temperature: 26.s, mean of 8 obs., max. 28, min. 26.1. Salinity: 35.05, mean of 5 obs., max. 35.58, min. 34.05. Plankton-type. Found in the central Pacific. — According to the above data this species occurs in the tropical western Atlantic and advances in September beyond 41° N. — D. RADIOLARIA—PTEROCGORYS, PTEROSCENIUM, QUADRILONCHE 185 PTEROCORYS IRREGULARIS (11. Konel. Sv. Vet. Akad. Handl. Vol. XNXIL n. 3 pag. 32 PI. [V fic. 1. 1898 March: 62° N. 2° E. July: 78° N. 3° W. (deep sea haul). November: 56° N. 23° W. Temperature: 10... Salinity: 3D.32. Plankton-type. ». ° PTEROSCENIUM ARCUATUM IIku. Chall. pag. 1152 Pl. XCVIIE fig. 4. 1898 January: 43°-—44° N. 17° W.; 46° N. 11° W. 1899 November: 51° N. 21° W. Temperature: 12.s to 14.2. Plankton-type. [Found i the central Pacilic, abysmal. My specimens were found in Styli- and Tricho-plankton intermingled. QUADRILONCHE CRUX (1. (Kongl. Sv. Vet. Akad. Handl. Vol, XXXIV n. 1 PI. IV fig. 1.) 1898 January: 4 35. 29° Wi. 29° N. 74° W. Februari: 15° N. 71° W.; 26° N. 74° W. March: 10° N. 53°,.W.;,9°-N.. 59°. W. June: 19° N. 63° W. duly? AD IN TLS OW 24° NSS We November: 26° N. 48° W. December: 26° S. 4° W.; 18 N. 67° W. 1899 April: 36° N. 74° W. Temperature: 25.1, mean of 15 obs.. max. 28, min. 21.7. Salinity: 36.10, mean of 8 obs., max. 37.43, min. D4.ss. Plankton-type. This species occurs in the western tropical Atlantic. — D. [S4. RADLOLAKTA RHAPHIDOZOULM, SAGENOSCENA, SEMANTIS, SETHOCONUS RHAPHIDOZOUM PATAGONICUM Hx. (Chall. pag. 48.) Sos: Marche 7° N. AT Wi. Temperature: 27.:. Salinity: 55.25. Plankton-type: /). SAGENOSCENA PENICILLATA IIkv. Chall. pag. 1611 Pl. CVILM fic. 10.) 1898 July: 78° N. 3° W. (deep sea haul). Plankton-type. [ound in the Antarctic Ocean, abysmal. SEMANTIS DISTEPHANUS Hk. Chall. pag. 957 Pl. LXNNIIE fig. 3.) 1897 Decenrtber: 12° N. DO? W. 1898 January: 7 N. 5: : November: 56° N. 23° W. Temperature: 21.2, mean of 3 obs., max. 26.5, min. 10.s. Salinity: 35.:2 (one obs.). Plankton-type. Noted from the north of Ascencion. — 1). SETHOCONUS CRINITUS Cr. Kongl. Sv. Vet. Akad. Handl. Vol. XXXIV Pl. UL fig, 13.) 1898 January: 7° N.b3° W. March: 8° N. 59° W. May: 23° N. 56° W. SRBC MH) INS DAs We LON 63. > W. July: 41° N. 58°. W. August, 22. IN. 14°. WV. September: 3a N. 74° W. 1399. Aprils 20° Nero NN). Temperature: 25.5, mean of 8 obs., max, 28, min. 22.1. RADIOLARIA—SETHOCONUS, SETHOGYRTIS, SEPHONOSPH ERA [S85 Salinity: 35.02, mean of 7 obs., max. Sb6.56, MIN. 53.ss. Plankton-type. [Belongs to the western tropical Atlantic. 1). SETHOCONUS GALEA (1. (Kongl. Sv. Vet. Akad. Handl. Vol. XXXII n. 3 pag. 28 Pl. IV fig. 3.) [SOs July: 78° N. 3° W. (deep sea haul). Plankton-type: ” SETHOCONUS ORTHOCERAS Iku. (Chall. pag. 1294 Pl. LIV fig. 11. 1899 January: 40° N. 49° W. Temperature: 12. Salinity: 30.51. Plankton-type. ‘he only specimen seen was found in Styli- 31° Se aa) we Ss: ‘vicho-plankton intermingled. Noted from = 37 + an SETHOCYRTIS PYRUM (. (Kongl. Sv. Vet. Akad. Handl. Vol. XXXIV n. 1 PI. IV fig. 6. 1899 January: 409 N. 49° W. Temperature: 12. Salinity: 55.51. Plankton-type: ° SIPHONOSPHZAERA CYATHINA Hk. (Chall. pag. 105 Pl. VI fig. LO.) 1898 February: 30° N. 74° °W. March: area between 26° N. 29°—39° W., 28> N. 38 W. and aGoING BOM Wi. May: 29° N. 39° -W.; 30° N. 42° W. June* area between 23° N. 42° W., 24° N. 58° W. and 31° N 50° W.; 41° N. 34° W. 186 RADIOLARIA—SIPHONOSPELERA | 1899 June: 21° N. 45° W. July: 35° N. 40° W: Temperature: 28.s, mean of 16 obs., max. 27, min. 17.s. Salinity: 36.6s, mean of 13 obs., max. 37.2, min. 38,91. Plankton-type. Noted from the west af tropical Africa. — D. SIPHONOSPH/AERA SOCIALIS IIx. (Chall. pag. 106 Pl. VI fig. 1, 2. 1897 December and 18938 January: 16° ON eed W029" ONS) 36" Ww. February: 13° N.70>, W. Marches 22 232 3.4 43° A2° W,: 28°_ N28) Wie oe oe 4P—_ 95° = May: 26° N. 42° W. Juanes or) N. 759° We toe, 43°E N. A29F OWE August:; 41° N.. 50° W.; Azores. September: 26° N. 39° W. Ociober 21° 5. 36>. W. November: 19° N. 58° W.. 24° N. 21° W. December: 34° N. 38° W. 1899 March: 24° N. 40° W. 37° N. 26° W. JUNC or Oo) al et a: De ON RO Huibye V1” IN, 26° W: Temperature: 22.5, mean of 26 obs., max. 27.5, min. 14. oy Salinity: 363s, mean of 20 obs., max. 37.34, min 34.209. Plankton-type. Found in the tropical and sub-tropical eastern Atlantic. Aceording to the above data it occurs in the Sargasso Sea ) the Caribbean Sea and to 43° N. — D. RADIOLARIA—-SPERMATOGONIA, SPH-EROZOUM 1s7 SPERMATOGONIA ANTIQUA Levp-lorrn, Diatomées de Ja Malaisie, Ann. du Jardin botanique de Buitenzorg. Vol XI fig. 8. Ci; K. Sv. Vet. Akad: Handi. Vol. XXXIV n. 1 pag. 11.) 1897 December and 1898 January: 12° N. 50° W.; 35° N. 74° W. February: 21° N. 74°. W. March: 44° N> 23° 'W. Maye TO Noe W. July: 33°—38° N. 74° W.; 40°—41° N. 67°—60" W. MOON ce OWS ae ne ee 4D i August: 22°—3 September :°9°" N.’ 53° “W); 15° NooF 41° N. 65° W.; 42° N. 57° W October: 30° N. 74° W November: Rio Janeiro: 56° N. 30°—23° W. December: 18° N. 67° W.: 29° N. 49° W. Temperature: 24.5, mean of 26 obs., max. 28.4, min. 9.6. ) Salinity: 55.39, mean of 25 obs., max. 36.10, min. 33.92. Plankton-type. Noted from the Malay Archipilago. — 1). SPHAEROZOUM PUNCTATUM J. Micv. (Hk. Monogr. pag. 528 Pl. XNNNIL fig. 7—9. 1898 January: 21° N. 43° W. February: 26° N. 7 March: 15° N. 49° W.; 36° N. 29° W. April: 41° °N APO WS 45° Ni GPW. 47> NN 32° (W. May: 34°—36° N. 32°—27° W.; 46° N. 38° W. June: 44° N. 16° W. July: Azores. November: .26-—=24" 5. 30°—29° W.; 26° N. 48° W. Temperature: 19.1, mean of 15 obs., max. 23.5, min. 13.0. Salinity: 36.22, mean of 11 obs., max. 37.13, min. 3d.6s. Plankton-type. [ound in the Mediterranean, Atlantic, Indian and Pacific. — S. and D. 18s RADLOLARIA——-SPIROCYRTIS, SPONGASTER. SPONGODISCUS SPIROCYRTIS SCALARIS Hk. (Chall. pag. 1509 Pl. LXXVI fig. 14. 1898 December: 18°N. 67° W. Temperature: 26.s. Salinity : 34.ss. Plankton-type. specimen was found in Sftyli- and Desmo-plankton intermingled, Found in the central Pacific, abysmal. My SPONGASTER TETRAS [us. (Ens. Abh. d. Berl, Akad. 1872 Pl. VI 3. fig. 8.) 1898 February: 15° N. 71° W. September: 24° N. 74° W. Se Wat Oo UN: DSW see Ne oe ve a ~I November: OF N. 41° W. (899 April: 28°—34° N. 75°—74° W. dunes. 19 SS. Oe we tO oO 955 20. W Temperature: 24.5, mean of 13 obs., max. 28, min. 16. Salinity: 36.05, mean of 11° obs., Plankton-type. [ound in the Atlantic, Indian and Pacific. — JD. max. 36.61, min. 39.92. SPONGODISCUS MEDITERRANEUS IHkv. Monogr. pag. 461 Pl. XU fig. 14, 14.) 1898 Yanuwary: 15° "N. 71> WW: August: 40° N. 67° W. December: 25° N. 52° W. Temperature: 2% to 27. Salinity: 34.18 to Sali. ps Found in the Mediterranean. — Plankton-type. SPONGOSPHARA POLYACANTHA J. MéLu. (Abh. d. Ber]. Akad. 1858 pag.. 32 Pl. IV fig. 1—4.) [S98 November: Azores. Temperature: 13.5. Plankton-type. Noted from the Mediterranean and the Cana- ries, Se. RADIOLARIA—SPONGOSPHLERA, SPONGOTROCHUS, STAURACANTHA SPONGOSPHAERA STREPTACANTHA Hix. Monogr. pag. 405 PI. NXVI fig. 1—3. 1897 December: 45° N. 13° W. 1898 February: 5° S. 4°—9° E. March: 43 August: 17 October = 21905. <36° . W. December: Azores. 1899 January: 45° N. 49° W. Temperature: 20.2, mean of 8 obs., max. 28, min. 12. Salinity: 35,12, mean of 5 obs., max. 37.21, min 33.93. Plankton-type. »Common in all warmer seas» (H«Kc.} (and D. °). SPONGOTROCHUS LONGISPINUS Hx. (Monogr. pag. 463 Pl. NXVITL fig. 2, 3.) 1898 February: 15° N. 71° W. March: 49° N. 18° W. April: 49° N. 22° W.; 50° N...9° W. September : thy Ne Fier WwW Temperature: 19.5, mean of 4 obs., max. 28.14, min. 11.2. Salinity: 35.25, mean of 4 obs., max. 35.65, min. 34.96. Plankton-type. [ound in the Mediterranean. — S. ° STAURACANTHA MURRAYANA Hix. Niphacantha Murr. Chall. Report Narrative | pag. 222 fig. 89 1898 March: 14° N. 50° W. Temperature: 25.2. Salinity: 36.21. Plankton-type. Noted from 37° 5. 28) W. — J). 1s 190 RADIOLARIA—STAURAGANTHA, STICHOPILIUM STAURACANTHA ORTHOSTAURA Hix. (Challe pac. 762 Pl. CN XA heya) 898 Febriaryg:,2 os 9 HE. Temperature: 27.3. Salinity: 35.9; (anomalous). Plankton-type. Noted from the south Pacific. My specimen was found in Desmo- and Styli-plankton intermingled. — LD. ? STAURACANTHA QUADRIFURCA Hix.’ (Chall. pag. 764 Pl. CXNN fig. 4. 1898 January: 11° N. 52° -W. February: 26° N74) W. April: 45° N. 16° W. June: 33° N. 48° W. August; 40° N. 66° W. November: Azores. 1899 Janes 2b° Ss. 7-. E. Temperature: 205, mean of 8 obs., max. 25, min. 13. Salinity: 35.23, mean of 4 obs., max. 36.35, min. 33.93. Plankton-type. Noted from 37° 8. 46° W. and 38° 5. 33° W. DEP S52 STICHOPILIUM DAVISIANUM (iuu.) (Gn. K Sv. Vet. Akad. Handi, Vol. XXXIT nm. 3.pag. 33 Pl IV fig. (6. 1898 July: 78° N. 3° W. (deep sea haul). September: 76° N. 15° E. (deep sea haul). Plankton-type. Found in bottom-mud from Greenland. — ° ' Very doubtful as species and searcely different from S. stamrsaspis. Dot probably the young state of some 7essaraspis. RADIOLARIA—STYLODICTYA 191 STYLODICTYA ARACHNIA (J. Mice.) Stylocyclia ar. Mtu.. Abh. d. Berl. Akad. 1858 pag. 41 Pl. 1 fig. 8, 9. 1898 ° January: 7° N.- 53° "W.; "30? N." 34° W. February: 15° N. 71° W.; 30°. N. 74° W. March: 41° N. 23° W.; 49° N. 18° W. May: 26° N. 42° W. September : 23 N October: 2) S.36° W.; 26° No 76-. W. November: 19° N December: 25° N. 52° W.; 28° N. 47° W. 29° N..14° W. 1899 January : 33° N. 15°W. December: 3: . 2 March: 27° N. : Temperature: 20.5, mean of 21 obs., max. 27.5, min. 10.s. Salinity: 35.56, mean of 17 obs., max. 37.51, min. 35.22. Plankton-type. [ound in the Atlantic, Mediterranean, Indian and Pacific. — D. STYLODICTYA GRACILIS kun. (Abh. d. Berl. Akad. 1875 Pl. XXIII fig. 3.) 1898. December: 31°. N. 43° W.;, 40° N. 23° W. Temperature: 17 to 20. Salinity: 36.30 to 30.49. Plankton-type. [ound in the Atlantic and Pacific. — D. STYLODICTYA HELIOSPIRA Ilku. Chall. pag. 512 Pl. XLI fig. 8.) 1899 January: 40° N. 49° W. Temperature: 12. Salinity: 59.51. Plankton-type. [ound in the Mediterranean. S: 192 RADIOLARIA——-STYLODICTYA, TESSARASPIS STYLODICTYA MULTISPINA Hk. (Monogr. pag. 496 Pl. NNIX fig. 3. 1898 February: 13° N. 70° W. Marchs 41° IN? 21° W.; 49° N. 18° W. October: 20°. 8.36" W. 1899 January: 45° N. 49° W. March: 47° N. 8°, W. Temperature: 17.1. mean of 5 obs.. max. 26.4, min. 11. Salinity: 36.19, mean of 3 obs., max. 37.21, min. 35.65. Plankton-type. found in the Atlantic, Mediterranean, Indian, Paces TS. 2 Drie) TESSARASPIS ARACHNOIDES Hx... (Chall. pag. 836 Pl. CXXXVL fig. 1. 1898 January: 7-—11° N. 53°—d2> W. Marche 42 SoG Wie a3? NY USP BBo N. 29° W= 9°oN: BOP) Weel? o IN. Ag? MW. Aptitcvsio.N. 7 Moye 21 N. > 48> Woo: SN. Low hes AN abe Tyas. Vb ome 52° We 20° Nz 60° W. June: 19° N. 63° W.: 23° N, 42° Wire 24° Noi eo September: 20° N. 74° W. October: Azores. Nooember- Va" N26" Wee B34 NPA OP OWE. 36° N. 14e We 22° UN 33°. Wa; tS? UN 582 We (322. N.. 38° a: December: 26° S. 45° W.. 19° N. 58° W. Temperature: 24.1, mean of 22 obs.. max. 28.3, min. 17.5. Salinity: 56.19, mean of 19 obs., max. 37.41, min. 34.s6. Plankton-type. found in the tropical Atlantic, west of Africa. 1). RADIOLARIA—TETRAPYLE, THEOCALYPTRA 193 TETRAPYLE QUADRILOBA Eup. (Schizsomma quadr. Kus. Abh. d. Berl. Akad. 1872 Pl. X fig. 12—14.) tees fanuery: 7 WN. 53° W.; Th? Ny 70> W. February: 21° N. 74° W. March: 10° N. 55° W. November: 19° N. 58° W. December: 25° N. 54° W. 1899 June: 12° S. 9°. W. Temperature: 25.5, mean of 7 obs., max. 27.5, min. 22. Salinity: 36.s6, mean of 3 obs., max. 37.17, min, 35.22. Plankton-type. [Found in the Atlantic, Mediterranean, Indian and Pacific. — D. THEOCALYPTRA CORNUTA (bait..) (Carpocanium calyptra Ens. Abh. d. Berl. Akad. 1872 pag. 287 Pl. II fig. 9. 1898: March: 63° No rQboR.2 ios Nes 8) Wa July: 78° N. 3° W. (deep sea haul). August: 80° N. 10° E. (deep sea haul). September: 76° N. 15° E. (deep sea haul). November: area between 56° N. 26° W.; 52° N. 38° W. and 55° N. 44° W. December: 41° N. 66° W. 1889 March: 65° N. 13° W. October 7 53° N. 31° W. November: 51° N. 21° and 34° W. Temperature: 7.7, mean of 9 obs., max. 22, min. 2.s Salinity: 30.02, mean of 9 obs., max. 33.36, min. 34,72 Plankton-type. Found in bottom-mud from Kamtchatka and Greenland. The non occurrence of this species in the southern Atlantic and its occurrence at Kamtchatka, as well as the low tem- perature, point to the conclusion that this species arrived ultimately from the northern Pacific through the Polar basin. 13 194 RADIOLARIA—THEOCAPSA, THEOCONUS THEOCAPSA DEMOCRITI Hkt. (Chall pag. 1427 Pl. LXVI fig. 8.) 1899. June 6a. 16 ae Temperature: 26.:. Salinity: 35,15. Plankton-type. Found in the central Pacific, abysmal. —- D. THEOCONUS JUNONIS Hit. ? (Kongl. Sv. Vet. Akad. Handl. Vol. XXXIV n. 1 Pl. IV fig. 8.) March: 62° N. 2° EB. Temperature: /.1. Salinity: 35.12. Plankton-type. My specimen was found in Tricho-plankton (very poor). — ? THEOCONUS ZANCLEUS (J. Mitt.). (Eucyrtid. zancl. Muti. Abh. d. Berl. Akad. 1858 pag. 41 Pl..VI fig. 1—3.) 1897 December and 1898:-Sanuaryg: 7° N: b3o,Wigs 1eriN. SORW Ss 15° Net OR awe Hebruari: 15° Ni 712 We 26° Nx F4o 1 We Mar ch:= 9° NN, 59° W- 39—41° Ne 25°22323W i April: 12° N: S1SVW, 1 NS Bo WG. Maye 16° N27 W, July: 31°°N. 39°. W.; 26°°N. 48° Wer 21°%ANe 58° We 2b—33- N. 74° W. August: 22°—25° September: 9° N. N. 74°. W. — N. 74° W. 83° We Te NBS? Ws 5 INSEE (332 October: 26° N. 76° W. November: 22° N. 53° W. December: 49° N: 30° W:: 19° N. 58° W:: 43° N. 57° W: 1899 February: 32° N: 47° W. June: 15° Nags We RADIOLARIA—THEOCORYS, THEOCYRTIS 195 Temperature: 24.2, mean of 29 obs., max. 28.4, min. 13. Salinity: 35.ss, mean of 22 obs., max. 37.04, min. 34.05. Plankton-type. [Found in the Mediterranean. — J. THEOCORYS BOREALIS (1. (K. Sv. Vet. Akad. Handl. Vol. XXXII n..3 pag: 33 PI. II] fig. .5.) 1898 July: 78° N. 3° W. (deep sea haul). August: 80° N. 10° E. (deep sea haul). September: 76° N. 15° E. (deep sea haul). January: 45° N. 49° W. Temperature: 12 (one obs.). Salinity: 35.54 ( Plankton-type. My only specimen from the surface was found in Styli- and Tricho-plankton intermingled. one obs.). THEOCYRTIS ACULEATA (CL. (K. Sv. Vet. Akad. Hand]. Vol. XXXIV n. 1 Pl. IV fig. 11) 1898 November: 56° N. 17° and 23° W.; 48° N. 29° W. Temperature: 125, mean of 3 obs., max. 15, min. 10.s. Salinity: 35.31, mean of 3 obs., max. 30.44, min. 39,27. Plankton-type. S.? 7. ? THEOCYRTIS TURRIS C1. (K. Sv. Vet. Akad. Handl: Vol: XXXIV n. 1 PI. IV fig. 7.) 1899 January: 45° N. 49° W, Temperature: 12. Salinity: 59.51. 196 RADIOLARIA—THEOPILIUM, THOLOSPIRA, TROCGHODISCUS THEOPILIUM TRICOSTATUM Hk. (Chall. pag. 1322 Pl. LXX fig. 6 Lamprodiscus tricostatus HkKL. included. 1897 December: 12° N. 50° W. 1898 February: 13°—16° N. 70°—71° W. March: 9° N. 59° W.; 45°, N.» 13°. W.;: 48° N. 6° W. April: 7° N. 54° W. May: 41° N. 59° W. July: 26° N. 48° W. August: 25° N. 74° W. September: 15° Ni 70". Wee 3a N-74°° W419 N65" W.; 23° N. 42°W.: 32°°N. 30° OW. October 21°" S36" W.; -26" N: 76° WON: Ae We November: 56° N. 23°—30° W. December: 18° N. 67° W. Temperature: 22.1, mean of 19 obs., max. 28, min. 9.6. Salinity: 35.37, mean of 11 obs., max. 37.51, min. 34.43. Plankton-type. [ound in the central Pacific. — D. THOLOSPIRA CERVICORNIS Hk. (Chall. pag. 700 Pl. XLIX fig. 4, 5.) 1898 March: 44° N. 17° W. November: 56° N. 17° W. Temperature: 11.6 to 12.4. Salinity: 35.25. Plankton-type. Found in the central Pacific. — S.? TROCHODISCUS ECHINIDISCUS Hkt. (Ci. K. Sv. Vet. Akad. Handl. Vol. XXXII n. 3 pag. 34 Pl. IV fig. 4.) 1898 July: 78° N. 3° W. (deep sea haul). Plankton-type. Found in the Fiirée Channel. RADIOLARIA—TROCHODISCUS, TRYPANOSPH-ERA, XANTIOSPHARA 197 TROCHODISCUS HELIOIDES C1. (K. Sv. Vet. Akad. Hand]. Vol. XXXII n. 3 pag. 34 PI. IV fig. 5. 1897 December: 12° N. 50° W. 1898 February: 15° N. 70°—71° W. March: 9° N. 59° W. July: 79° N. 10° E. (deep sea haul). November: 5d° N. 44° W. Temperature: 21.4, mean of 4 obs., max. 27, min. 6. Salinity: 34.7 to 35.5. Plankton-type: J). ? TRYPANOSPHARA BRACHYSIPHON (1. tk. Sv’ Vet? Akad: Handly Vol: XXXIV n. 1 Pl. VI fie®3:) 1898 November: 56° N. 17° W. December: 41° N. 66° W. Temperature: 11.5 to 12. Salinity: 34.60 to 3).25. Plankton-type. ” XANTHIOSPH/RA LAPPACEA Hkt. (Chall. pag. 120 Pl. VIII fig. 10, 11.) 1899 June: 33° N. 48° W. December: 41° N. 66° W. 1899 April: 28° N. 75° W. 24 min. 12. ) Temperature: 19.5, mean of 3 obs., max. Salinity: 34.75, mean of 3 obs., max. 36.42, min. 34.60. P| Plankton-type. [ound in the central Pacific. Se 198 RADIOLARIA—-XIPHACANTHA, ZYGACANTHA XIPHACANTHA CILIATA Hxkt. (Chall. pag. 761 Pl. CXXIV fig. 4, 5.) 1898 March: 4° 8. 10° W. Temperature: 26.s. Salinity: 3D.39. Plankton-type. Noted from the eastern tropical Atlantic, be- tween 10° S. 14° W and 11° N. 18° W. My specimens were found -among Desmo-plankton. — J). XIPHACANTHA PLATYPTERA Ilkt. (Chall. pag. 761.) 1898 January: 10° N. 52° W. March: V5 N./242 W5523° N. 28° W.; 41° N. 23° W. April: 41> N. 19° Ww: Temperature: 19.1, mean of 5 obs., max. 25, min. 13. Salinity: 36.10, mean of 4 obs., max. 36.91, min. 35.7. Plankton-type. Found in the Pacific. — S. ? XIPHACANTHA QUADRIDENTATA (J. Mict.) (HkL. Monogr. pag. 387 Pl. XVIII fig. 15 a, b.) 1897 December: 16° N. 48° W. Temperature: 25.s. Plankton-type. Found in the Mediterranean, west of Africa and ‘the™Avores: *=S, 2A gD? ZYGACANTHA LANCEOLATA (J. Mit.) (Acanthometra /. Mii. Abh. d. Berl. Akad. 1858 pag. 48 Pl. XI fig. 12.) 1898 February: 5° 8. 9° E. Temperature: 27.3. Salinity: 33.9; (anomalous). Plankton-type. Noted from the Canaries and the Mediterran- eins —a isa 2 RADIOLARIA—ZYGOCIRCUS, ZYGOSTAURUS 199 ZYGOCIRCUS PRODUCTUS (R. Herrwta. Lithocircus prod. Herrw. Organism. d. Radiol. Pl. VII fig. 4. 1898 February: 34° N. 73° W. March, 12° N. 51° W. May: 41° N. 51° W. September: 25°—33° N. 74° W. October: 26° N. 76° W. Temperature: 24.;, mean of 6 obs., max. 28, min. 19. A Salinity: 36.13, mean of 4 obs., max. 36.30, min. 36.01. Plankton-type. Found in the Atlantic, Mediterranean and Pacific. — D. ZYGOCIRCUS RHOMBICUS Hx. (Chall. pag. 946, 1898 February: 16° N. 71° W. Temperature: 20.:. Plankton-type. [ound in the south Atlantic. — ). ? S. ZYGOCIRCUS TRIQUETRUS Hku. (Chall. pag. 947 Pl. 81 fig. 3.) 1898 February: 16 °N. 71° W. Temperature: 20.:. Plankton-type. [ound in the Atlantic, Mediterranean and Pa- eine. ==) 2S. ? ZYGOSTAURUS SAGITTALIS Hkt. (Chall. pag. 775 Pl. CXXXI fig. 8. 1897 December: 12° N. 50° W. February: 26° N. 74° W. March: 23° N. 28° W. Temperature: 23.;, mean of 3 obs., max. 26.5, min. 20.9. Salinity: 36.9: (one obs.). Plankton-type. Found in the central Pacific. LD). 200 RHIZOPODA—GLOBIGERINA Rhizopoda. GLOBIGERINA BULLOIDES p'Orz.' (Brapy: Challenger Reports, Foraminifera pag. 593 Pl. LXXVIH, LXXIX fig. 3—7, G. pachyderma included.) 1898 January: 21° N. 17° W. to 4° 5. 29° W.; 7°—11° N. 53°— 52° W.; Caribbean Sea to 37° N. 74° W.; 41° N. 21° W. to AG? IN 11° OW. February: 5° 5. 4°—9° W.; Caribbean Sea to 34° N. 73° W. March: area between 4° S. 10° W., 1° S. 27° W. and Cape Verde; area between 9° N. 53°—59° W. and 25° N. 41° W.; area between 36° N. 29° W., 45° N. 13° W., 51° N.27°% W- and (42° Nest: “We April: Caribbean Sea to 31° N. Engl. Channel, 59° N. 22°—33° W 7) W.; area between the . and 42° N. 61° W. May: some spots in the Sargasso Sea, between 32° N. 37° W., 13° N. 51° W. and 20° N. 60° W.; area between the Azores, Cape Finisterre, Rockall, the Shetlands, 61° N. 23°—28° W. and, 41° N.. 56° .W. June: 19° N. 63° W» to,2b° N. 57° W.; Caribbean Sea; Sar- gasso Sea at some points between 19° N. 63° W., 33° N. 48° W.; 29° N. 36° W. and 23° N. 42° W.; area between Maderia, Cape Finisterre, 48° N. 17° W. and 37° N. 41° W.; 57° N. 28°—34° W.; 72° N. 22° E. (Aurtv.) ; July: 21° N. 58° W.;. 26° N. 48° W.; 40° N. 69° W:;)-Azores ; 58° N. 23°—40° W., as a rule common; 61° .N. 4° W.; 62° N20°S We 164° N. 3° Wa 78° N. 1° E.—3" W.. (deep. sea hauls, Aurtv.) ' Ostenfeld’s data, signed « and +, used. 189 Q t RHIZOPODA——CLOBEGERINA 201 August: Caribbean Sea; Azores; 47 N. 39° W.; 54° N. 47° W. to (56° N. 98°) Whe? We. 13° WW: 63° N18? W. to 61 Bae Ws! 76) NT. LPS. 79° NSPE. “SEN, 28° ER. (Amery); 76°) N: "127 AE ote “SOF ON. 10° E. (deep sea hauls, AURIV.) September: Caribbean Sea; 33°—38° N. 74° W.; 41° N. 65° W.; Azores: 47° N, 14° W.: 46° N. 39° W.; 53° N. 50° W.; area between the Shetlands, N. Iceland, E. Greenland (65° N. 36° W.), 58° N. 39° W. and 56° N. 12°—35° W.; between Nor- way and Beeren Island. October: Caribbean Sea; 34° N. 74° W.; 32° N. 33° W.; Azo- res; 56° N. 10° N. of Scotland; Fiirde Channel; S. of Iceland; 58° N. 48° W. November: 34°--36° N. 10°—14° W.; area ee Doe IN: 50°. W.., ioe N. 64° W. and 52° N. 38° W.; 56° N. 17°— 23° W.: S. of Iceland to the Fiirdes and the sfliiitte December: Gannrien: 44° N. 56° W.; S. of Iceland; N. of Scot- land. January. 33° 7 14° BW Vito BD" rN. (O° «W. April: 48° N. 9° W.; 44° N. 15° W. May: 50° N. ee Wi27603 Natok. June: 25° S.7° E:: 6° $.:16° W..to..3° 8. 20° W.; 66°—672 N. 3° W. to 69° N. 13° W.; 64° N. 0° E., common in the depth of 450—200 metres, var. pachyderma; 72° N. 18° E. July: rare in the deeper strata E. of Greenland, 71°—72° N. 91°—22° W. (var. pachyderma); 56° N. 38° W. August: 55° N. 9° W. to 54° N 46° W., sparingly. September: 56° N. 12°—33° W., not rare; 65° N. 2° W. to 68 N. 8° W, on the whole rare. October 53° —56° N. 37°—=38° W. to 5b6° N.-31- W., rare. November: 53° N. 43°—48° W. to 48° N. 46° W., rare. Temperature: 17.5, mean of 157 obs., max. 28.4, min. 5.s. Salinity: 35.61., mean of 114 obs., max. 37.01, min. 32.87. Plankton-type. Globigerina was found 1899 in June west of Africa (25° S.) and appeared again in the region of Aseencion. follows the Eqvatorial current to the north coast of 5. America, enters the Caribbean Sea and follows the Florida current, whence it spreads into the Sargasso Sea, but occurs there on the whole 202 RHIZOPODA—PULVINULINA rarely. On the other hand it follows the African coast to Cape Verde and the Azores. In March and May it occurred across the whole Atlantic between 35° and 50° N., from the English Channel to New York. In May it was not rare along 60° N. from 30° W. to the Shetlands, had in August reached Spitzbergen and Iceland. In September it was not rare in the whole Irminger Sea and was seen also N. of Iceland. It still remained, in October and November, be- tween Iceland and the Shetlands, but was in December remarkably rare in the whole Atlantic. — S. (exceptionally D.) PULVINULINA MENARDI (0 Ors.) (Brapy: Rep. Challenger Foraminifera pag. 690 Pl. CIII fig. 1, 2.) 1808 January :ad-N. OB° aN. Mache ACS A 1S RNG 1899; Ways (207.5 1. Me SUMC’ AO 0 MEed@ Fes pas ved | We Temperature: 19° to 27. Salinity: 35.27 to 36.68. Plankton-type. Found throughout the whole Pacific. It was collected during the Challenger cruise at 37°-—38° S. 44°-—40° W., from 24° S. 14° W. to 11° N. 18° W. and at 1°—2° N. 28°—-24° W. It has been found in soundings from 52° S. to 55° N. — DP. CHLOROPHYLLACEA!——HALOSPH.ERA 203 Chlorophyllaceez. HALOSPHAERA VIRIDIS Scumirz.! (Mitth. zool. Stat. Neapel. Vol. I, 1877, pag. 67—92 Pl. IIL. H. minor Ostenf. and H. cir, car, gracilis Lemmermann not distinguished. 1897 December and 1898 January: 9°—10° N. 26°—25° W; area between 12° N. 50 W., 21° N: 43° W.- and 25° N. 50° W.; Caribbean Sea: Bahamas; Azores to the Engl. Channel. February: 26° N. 74°. W. to 34° N. 73° W.; 50° N. 10° W. March: 22° N. 43° W. to 33° N. 32° W.; Caribbean Sea; 28° N. 74° W.; 40° N. 68°—70° W.; 42° N. 51° W.; 45° N. 13e Wi bb? NN. 12° W: April: 10° N. 53° W.; Caribbean Sea; 34° N. 74° W.; 41° N. 19°" W. -to 48°—50° NE 8°10° W.; 58° -N. 2° W. ‘to. 61° N. 6° W. May: 26° N. 42° W.; 32° N. 37° W.; 40° N. 68°—72° W.; 41 Nee We a0 Naot Wew oe: | NEO to '59°"'N. 16° W. June: area between Madeira, the Azores, 45° N. 26° W. and 46° N. 11° W.; N. Scotland. July: Azores; 41° N. 58° W. August: Azores; 40°—41° N. 59°—57° W.; area between 58 N. 7° Wy 62° N: 10°" W- ‘and’ 61° NY 4°" E: September: Azores; mouth of the Engl. Channel; area between 56°—57° N. 12°—i4° W., 59° N. 2° W., the Fiirdes and 60° N. if. W.; (N.- ce ieeland: 70°. N: 21° EV to 73° N. 19°°E: October: 21° S. 36° W.: Azores; area between 56° N. 10°— 12° W., 59° N. 16° W., the Farées and 60° N. 3° W. ‘Murray's & Whitting’s and Ostenfeld’s data used. 204 CHLOROPHYLLACEA2—HALOSPH-ERA Noventber: 26° Sao Wee2F ON, 43> Wee ON tha OW et 19° N. 58° W.; Azores; area between 42° N. 64° W., 53° N. 50° W. and 50? N? 2OP°W = 63°" Nee We O26" Nera round the Firées. Decenibers, M4? S: 367 W «25° (NEoe PW 342 Ne a6 WW to 36° N. 34° W.; Canaries;-Azores; 47° N. 45° W. to 42° N. 63° W.; round the Fir6ées, thence to Seotland. 1899: January : 342 N99 We to mBageN 152°W.; 43° N. 57° Fiirdes, common. February: Farées. Marek: 35° 2N.. 16° We April: 41° NI16°" Westo- DON: 6 W- May: 48° N. 45° W.; 57°—60° N. 2°—1° E. vunec 19° 5.7.16 —1 Wee oN. ds Wi July: 20° N. 34° W.; 40° N. 38° W. to 48°°N. 25° W. August: 60° N:° 3° E. September: 56° N. 17° W., common; 72 N: 19° E.; 67° N. 3° W. to 63° N. 1° E. October: 52° N. 14° W., common; 52°—56° N. 21° | = = 2. EW rare. November: 751° \N;. 18°—21°W.- 49° 'N.° 40°. W:: 47° N. 51° W., nowhere common. f Temperature: 14.56, mean of 185 obs., max. 28, min. 4.6. Salinity: 35.7s, mean of 149 obs., max. 37.41, min. 31.96. Plankton type. Occurs in the Mediterranean and the Indian Ocean. The principal area of distribution in the Atlantic is from the Cape Verde Islands to the Azores and thence, between 40°—50°, both west of Europe (March to October) and east of America (maxi- mum in November—December). Another important area is near the Kirée Channel (August to February). /Za/osphcera was seen in Sep- tember N. of Iceland and N. of Norway. — S. ()). DINOFLAGELLAT4A:—AMPHIDOMA, AMPHISOLENIA 205 Dinoflagellatz. AMPHIDOMA NUCULA Sve y.' D. Org. d. infusionth. Pl. IV fig. 21—24.) 1897 December: Caribbean Sea; 23°—25° N. 51°—50° W. 1898 January: Azores. February: 34°—32° N. 31°—34° W.; 28°—27° N. 39°—41° W.; Caribbean Sea. March: 42° N. 22° W.; 30° N. 45° W. May: 43°—44 N. 23°—20° W.;. 31° N. 43 WW: 1G) N16 58° W.; Caribbean Sea. Temperature: 23, mean of 25 obs., max. 27.7, min. 15.6. Plankton-type: 1). AMPHISOLENIA PALMATA Srein.~ (D. Org. d. infus. Pl. XXI fig. 11—15.) 1897 December: 32° N. 32° W.; 23° N. 48° W. 1898 January: Azores to 24° N. 40° W.; 32° N. 74 W. February: 31° N. 35° W. to 25° N. 44° W.; Caribbean Sea; Ope ake We 7 es Ws Oe oe 0 March: 4° S. 10° W.; 11° N. 19° W. to 18° N. 25° W.; area between 39° N. 32° W., 29° N. 45° W., 15° N. 49° W. and 37° N. 24° W.; Caribbean Sea. ‘ Murray's & Whitting’s data only. » used. 206 DINOFLAGELLATA!—AMPHISOLENIA Aprils’ 29°. .N: 38° OW. to. 167- NE bows anda” Ne te Wie Caribbean Sea. May: 28° N. 45°—47 = 16°—20° N. 58°—54° W.; Carib- bean Sea; 74140N. b1-oW July: Caribbean Sea; a N. 67° W. August: 30° N. 74°. W.; 40° N..67° W.; 42° N. 50° W. Nooember: 19° S. 31°. W.:4e-N. 30° Wire te Ny BGS Azores; 36° Nr) 24° (W: December: Canaries; Azores to 34° N. 41° W.; 22° N. 56° W. 1899 January: Canaries to Gibraltar. February: 32° N. 46° W. June 19" Sele Ww: Temperature: 24.45, mean of 65 obs., max. 28.2, min. 16.4. Salinity: 36.22, mean of 34 obs., max. 37.37, min. 33.20. Plankton-type: Occurs in the Red Sea, Indian Ocean and Pacific. It belongs to the tropical Atlantic. It occurs in the Sar- gasso Sea (December to June), in the Caribbean Sea and the Florida current, in August to 42° N., and in December between the Azores and the Canaries. — JD. AMPHISOLENIA THRINAX Scuirr.' (Pflanzenleben der Hochsee pag. 271 fig. 81.) 1898 January: 32° N. 74° W. February: 13 5° N. 70°—71° W.; 27°—20d° N. 41°—44° W. March: 14° N. 50° W.; 29° 45°—AD° W. September: 40° N. 65° W. ; October ::21° S367 WwW? December: 30° N. 16° W. Temperature: 22.5, mean of 8 obs., max. 27, min. 19.4. Salinity: 36.41, mean of 4 obs., max. 37.21, min. 3).s1. Plankton-type. [Found in the Pacific and Indian Ocean. It rarely oceurs in the tropical Atlantic, east and west, the Sargasso Sea, the Caribbean Sea and the Florida current, where, in Septem- ber, it reaches 40° N. — D. ' Murray’s & Whitting’s data used. DINOFLAGELLATA:—CERATIUM 207 CERATIUM ARCTICUM (Kus.).' (Ens. Microg. Pl. XXXV A fig. A. C. tripos var. labradorica Schiitt Pflanzenleb. der Hochsee pag. 308. Cer. labradoricum Vanhéffen Grénl. Exp. Il Pl. V fig. 8. C. trip. c. arctica Ci. Fifteenth annual report of the Fishery Board for Scotland, for 1896, fig. 3.) 1898 February; 50 10 us 45° N. 50° W. March: 71° N. Ww. N= ter 30 ES 682 i VIGO FW... 40° —— 42° N. 72°— April: Ci ie N. 4°—9° W.; 43° N. 51° W. to 42° N. 61° W. May: TAS N. 162° Ws to’ 78° N. 2° 30! Wi; '48°°N:. 33° W.; 45 Ni 41° W.; 45° N. 45° W: to 40° N.72°°W.; 41° N. 52° W. June: 69° N. 54°.W.; 45° N. 41° W., common; 41° N. 59° W., common; 27a Ne2'E:, rare;© '77°°YN. 27° Be rare; 62° N.- 2°.30' -E., Pare: July: 67° N. 21°—22° W., rare; 64° N. 3° W., very abundant; 42° N. 48° W.; 36° N. 28° W. (Azores) very rare; 64° N. 3° K., very rare; Spitzbergen, 78° N. O°—7° 30! E., rare. August: 66° N. 18° W.;:65° N. 12° W., common; 63° N. W., common: 66° N, 557. W.: to.69° N. 53° Wo: 42° oN. W. to 52° N. 55° W., very common; round Spitzbergen, common to rare. September: between Spitzbergen and Beeren Island; 60° N. 5b° W. to 69° N. 5a? W... very.common; .53°.N., 50° W., rare. October: Davis’s Strait; 53° N.. 52° W. to 46° N. 47° W., very common. November: area between 42° N. 64° W., 53° N. 50° W., 54 N. 25° W.. and 49° N. 28° W. (very common between 47 N. 41° W., 45°: N. 50° W. and 48° N. 49° W., outside this area decreasing in freqvecency); 50° N. 9° W., rare and dead; 34° N. 10° W., one specimen only. December: 47° N. 45° W., very common; 42° N. 49° W., very common; 45° N. 53° W., not rare; 427 N. 63° 1899 January: 49° N., 20° W., not rare; 49° N. 30° W., common, 48° N. 39° W.. dead specimens common; 45° N. 49° W., very common; 43° N. 57° W., very common. * 1 Ostenfeld’s data for. C. trip. v. labradorica used. 208 DINOFLAGELLATA:— CERATIUM March 6b° iN. 13° WW. erare. May: 38° N. 74° W. to 50° N. 39° W., very common between 45° and 57° Ne fo IN. 2° Re Pare: June: 66°—69° N:. 3°—13°. W., not common; 62° N. 1° E. to 65° N. 1° W. (rare in deep sea hauls from 200—O metres); 12° Neds? b.=te. YS? NA too Ee rare: July: 79° N. 107 Esiweryirare p79 N20 E. toy@O Noa. (common at 73°—75° N. 41°—48° E.); 51° N. 47° W. to 52° N. 54° W., common. August: 71°; N. 20° °'W..tor 73°. N° 24 -W., usually rare, but commonvat 72° (Ne 28° Wee802-N.151° E.,rare; FBR7N. 47° E, common, thence rarer to 74° N. 31° -E., 56° N. 31° W., 54° N. 46° W., rare; 52° N. 53° W., very abundant. September: 71° N.. 15° W., rare, to 68° N. 8° W., common; 67° N, -4°uWi rare’ 792 NS 11O UR. tao? Nea £.. more or less-rare;,56° N:o33° W., rare;\52°4253° N2 55°=-52° W.. very abundant. October: 56° N. 38° W., rare. November: 53° N. 48° W., rare. Temperature: 8.3, mean of 36 obs., max. 22, min. 0.! Salinity: 33.61, mean of 36 obs., max. 36.33, min. 30.9s. Plankton-type. This species is a very characteristic arctic form, which, to judge from the low mean salinity, belongs to the coast regions of Spitzbergen, Greenland and the Newfoundland Banks, whence it spreads by under currents across the ocean towards Eu- rope. It oceurs in the northern Pacific (Lemmermann). — Ng (7). CERATIUM TRIPOS VAR. ARCUATA Gourrer. (Ann. Musée d’hist. nat. de Marseille. Zool. Vol. I 1883 n. 8 pag. 20 Pl, II fig.42.) 1898 March: 6° S..4° We3°aN. 16° W: June: 23° N. 42° W.; 29° N. 36° W.; Azores to Madeira. July: Caribbean Sea; 21° N. 58° W.; 29° N. 74° W.; area be- tween 41° N. 60° W., 44° N. 40° W., the Azores and 31 °N. 39° W. 1 Only such samples as contained this species in abundance have been con- sidered. 1899 1897 1898 DINOFLAGELLAT A!—CERATIUM 209 August: Bahamas; 34° N. 73° W.; 40° N. 66° W. to 46° N. 33° W.; Azores; 50° N. 12° W.., rare. September: 8° N. 25° W. to Cape Verde Islands; 38° N. 74 W.. 42°°N. 57° W.;. 479° N. 33° W..to 48° N..29° W.; 46 Nii? W.- Azores: 33° Na 3k W: October: 21° S. 36° W.; Caribbean Sea; Bahamas to 38° N. 74° W.; 41° N. 59° W.; Azores. oes : Rio Janeiro; 26°—24° 8. 30°—29° W.; 22° N. 53° W.; 26° N. 48° W.; 56° N. 36° W., common; area between 36° .Ni 14? W., (34° N..10° W.. .and\ 298° N:.. 19° W.s113° N. 26° W.; 8° N. 28° W. December: 29°—26° S. 49°— 45° W.; Porto Rico; 22° N. 56 W.; .25° N. 52° W.; 34° N. 38° W.; Azores; Canaries; Gibraltar. January: 32° N. 16° W. March: 3b°° N: 16% W.:° 18° N. 45° W. April: 41° N. 17° W.; 28° and 36° N. 74° W. May: 35° N. 75° W. June s19°"S. 1? We. 6° S$. 16° W..7° N. 25° W-2 15eN, 50° W, Sully. 11> N: 26° W.; 35° N. 20° W. to 45° N. 32° W. Temperature: 23:1, mean of 94 obs., max. 28.2, min. 7.s. Salinity: 35.55, mean of 87 obs., max. 37.41, min. 32.81. Plankton-type: /). CERATIUM (TRIPOS VAR.) ARIETINUM C1. (Kongl. Sv. Vet. Akad. Handl. Vol. XXXIV n. 1 PI. VII fig. 3.) December: 40° N. 22° W.; 41° N. 18° W. January: 14° N. 51° W.; 7° N. 53° W. February: 34° N. 74° W. March: Azores to 45° N. 13° W April: 39° N. 24° W.; 48° N. 8° W. May: area between 40° N. 16° W., 50° N. 14° W. and 42° Ni 61° W. sume: 10° N. 52° W.; 22° N; 60° W.< 40° | N:- 10° aWes 307 WN: 42° -W.; 48° N. 33° W. August: Caribbean Sea; Azores. September, October: Azores. 14 210 DINOFLAGELLATA:—CERATIUM November: 4° N.: 28° W-. 29° N: 43° W.; 45° N, 36° W.; Azores. December: Azores. 1899 January: 33°—36° N. 15°—9° W. February: 32° N. 47° W. March: Azores to the Engl. Channel. April: area between 40° N. 15°—16° W.; 46° N. 13° W. and 42° N. 18° W. June: 15° N. 50° W., rare. August and September: 56° N.. 23° W..,. very rare. October? 53° N. 25°31 W. te. b6° (N. 31° Weirare: November: 51° N. 13° and 34° W., rare. Temperature: 19, mean of 55 obs., max. 27.2, min. 9.s. Salinity: 35.35, mean of 41 obs., max. 37.05, min. 32.96. Plankton-type. This form occurs in the Indian Ocean. Its principal area of distribution in the Atlantic is the eastern, tempe- rate part. Nevertheless it has been found, although rarely, in the Equatorial Current, Caribbean Sea and the Antilles Current. In March and April it occurs from the Azores towards the Engl. Chan- nel, but in May it spreads across the whole Atlantic, between 40° and 50° N., but later in the year it has been found there only rarely. — S. CERATIUM (TRIPOS VAR.) AZORICUM Ct. (Kongl. Sv. Vet. Akad. Handl. Vol. XXXIV n. 1 PI. VII fig. 6, 7.) 1898 April: Azores. 1899 January: 34° N, 12° W. March: 36°—37° N. 29°—26° W.; 46° N. 11° W. April: 40° N 16°—18° W. to 44° N. 15° W. May:.25° 5. 7° Ei, Temperature: 12°-—19° Salinity: 35.70 to 36.s:. Plankton-type: ‘S DINOFLAGELLATAS—CERATIUM 211 CERATIUM BELONE (Cx. K. Sv. Vet. Akad. Handl. Vol. XXXIV n. 1 Pl. VII fig. 13.) 1898 April: 10° N. 53° W. 1899 January: 33°—34° N. 15°—12° W. Temperature: 17.s to 22. Salinity: 36.34 to 36.61. Plankton-type: J). CERATIUM (TRIPOS VAR.) BUCEPHALUM (CL. (Fifteenth annual report of the Fishery Board for Scotland, for 1896, pag. 302 fig? 5: C. arcuatum Vanhéffen Grénl. Exp. II Pl. V fig. 13.) 1898 January: 14° N. 70° W. February: 34° N. 73° W. March: 7° N. 17°21 MW); Canaries: 44° N:"17° W: 48° N- 6° W.; 41° N. 60° W. April: 41° N. 19° W.; 48° N. 8° W.; 39°N. 74° W. May: . 46° N. . 38° W. to 48° N. 26° W. (common); 61° N. 20° W., very rare (Ostenfeld); 40° N. 72°—68° W. June: Azores; 44° N. 9° W. September: 38° .N. 74° W.;71°—76° N. 15°—19° E. (Auriv. November: 41° N. 69°—66° W. December: 41° N. 66° W. 1899 January: 40°—41° N. 66°—69° W. March: 44° N. 16° W.; 46° N. 11° W. May: BOY N. 43°—S30". We t57o Ny 2804 oR 85°— 38° N. 75 —714° W. June: 15° N. 49° W.: 62°: N. 2°-E. August: 72° N. 26° E. September: 56° N. 38° W., rare. Temperature: 15.3, mean of 3% obs., max. 27.s, min. 6. Salinity: «a. Western Atlantic: 33.90, mean of 12 obs., max. 36.40, min. 32.20; 6. Eastern Atlantic: 35.60, mean of 14 obs., max. 36.25, mins 34.83. Plankton-type. This principal area of distribution is between the Azores and, along 50° N., from the Engl. Channel to 40° W., 212 DINOFLAGELLATA:—CERATIUM but also along the N.' American coast, from New York to 41° N. 60° W. In May and June it crosses the Fiirée Channel and enters the North Sea. Rare specimens may drift to the north of Norway and to Beeren Island. —- S. CERATIUM CANDELABRUM Eup. (Stein D. Org. d. Infus. Pl. XV fig. 15—16.) 1897 «December? 43° N: 18° °W.; 12°-—25° N. 50°—5b1> W.; Carib= bean Sea. 1898 January: 7° N. 53° W.. to, 21° N. 43°. W.;. Caribbean Sea; Bahamas; Florida Current to 35° N. 74° W.; Azores. Pebrigny.” 28° NGO Wee PONT (OO? Warton laerNe 7o> ys, Bahamas; Florida Current to 34° N. 73° W.; Gulf of Guinea, eS. /6. Ke Canaries! March: «42°85, 10° W.. «Canaries; Azonéss)1 27 eeu aW to 30° N. 35°—45° W.; Caribbean Sea. April: area between 7° N. 55° W., 32° N. 34° W. and 16° N. 56° W.; Caribbean Sea; 31° N. 75° W. May: area between 34° N. 40° W., 27° N. 48° W. and 29° N. 39° W.; 16° N. 54°—58° W.; area between 49° N. 23° W., 43° N. 45° W. and 41° N. 64° W. June: 24° 'N. 58° W. to 33° N.. 48° W.; 42° N. 50° W.; 48° N oe WW . July: 26° N. 48° W.; Caribbean Sea; Bahamas; 40°—41° N° 69°—58" W. August: Caribbean Sea; Bahamas; Florida Current to 25° N. 74°, W.; area between 38° N. 74° W., 44° N. 42° W. and 40° N. 48° W.; 49° N. 20° W. September: Caribbean Sea; Bahamas; 41° N. 65° W. to 43° N. 48° W.; 8°—12° N. 25°—27° W.; Madeira. Ogiober: 38° Nia" Wowee Sy Boe; November: ,40°—42° N. 67°—64° W.; 0° S. 30° W. to 9° S. BAW 18° Si 31° WW? to 1267) 5.302 Ws HRie® Janeiro. December: Canaries; off Gibraltar; 25° N. 52° W.; Caribbean Sea. 1899 January :’29° No 6° We ito 34° 4N. 12° WW * Murray’s & Whitting’s data used. DINOFLAGELLATA:—CERATIUM 213 March: 35° N. 16° W. April: 28°—36° N. 75°—74°. W. Juries “27° N: 39° Wir OSI Ne 4° Wi. 20° 8: 15 Wis to10° SS: 1° WW: July: 11°—12° N. 26°—27° October: 56° N. 23° W. ~l ¢ —_ — 4 tho oS we = > 'W.; 45° N. 31° W. Temperature: 22.4, mean of 103 obs., max. 28.4, min. 9. Salinity: 35.69, mean of 78 obs., max. 38.13, min. 32.ss. Plankton-type. ‘This species is noted from the Mediterranean and Indian ocean. It occurs in the tropical Atlantic between 35° S. and 50° N., more abundantly in the western than the eastern parts, in the Sargasso Sea from December to June, in the west, between 40° and 50° N., from May to September, rarely later, from the Me- diterranean to the Canaries in the winter. — JD. CERATIUM CONTORTUM (Gourret. C. gibberum var. cont. Ann. du Musée d'Hist. nat. de Marseille Zool. Vol. Ln. 8. 1883 Pl. Il fig. 33. — Scutirr Pflanzenleben d. Hochsee pag. 268. VII b. no name.) 1898 January: 23° N. 42° W. to 11° N. 52° W.;. Caribbean Sea; Bahamas. February: Caribbean Sea; Bahamas. March: 10° N. 20° W.; area between 23° N. 28° W., 25° N. 41° W. and 9°—10° N. 53°—59° W. April: 12°—7° N. 51°—55° Wi; 31° N. 75° ‘W. May: 21° N. 48° W. to 11° N. 52° W.; Caribbean Sea. June: area between 36° N. 44° W., 16° N. 48° W. and 22° N. 60° W. July: 33° N. 74° W. to 38° N. 74° W., thence to 41° N. 58° W. August: 34° N. 73° W.; 40° N. 67° W. to 44° N. 42° W., common, September: 15° N. 49° W. to 9° N. 53° W.; 20°—33° N. 74° W. 41° Ny 65° W.;-22°8N. .57°° W. October: 38° N. 74° W. November: 26°—18° S. 30°—31° W.; S. of Cape Verde Is- lands; 26° N. 48° W. December: 26° S. 45° W.; 22° N. 55° W. 21% DINOFLAGELLATA:-—CERATIUM 1899 April: 32°—36° N. 75°—74° W. June: - —OS 414 = 1a Wes 1 eee July: 11° N. 26° -W. Temperature: 25.6, mean of 68 obs., max. 28.3, min 17.5. Salinity: 35.69, mean of 51 obs., max. 37.43, min. 32.96. Plankton-type. [Found in the Mediterranean, Indian and Paci- fic. It occurs in the southern hemisphere both W. of Africa and E. of 5. America. In the northern hemisphere it is confined to the western part, or W. of a line drawn from the Cape Verde Islands to the Newfoundland banks. It occurs in the Sargasso Sea chiefly from winter to June. In July to September (maximum in August) it occurs between 40° and 45° N. — D. CERATIUM CURVICORNE vy. Dap. (C. trip. var. curcicornis v. Dap, Termeszetrajzi fiizetek, a Mus. nat. hung. Buda- pest vulgata 1887—88 PI, III fig. 4, 8, 12, 14, 17. — Scutirr Ptlanzenleben d. Hochsee pag. 268. Fig. VII a, without name.) 1897 December:: 339° N. 24° W. to. 32° N. 33° W:: 12°N. 50? We 1898 January: O°—1° S. 26°—27° W.; 29°—3b° N. 74° W. February: 5° S. 4° E.; Caribbean Sea; Bahamas. March: area between 1° S. 27° W., 3° N. 16°.W. and 11° N. 20°..W.: Azores to, 23nhN. 42° Wes dtli2eciN. 50x WaAnAaT oN, 74° W. April: 7° N. 55° W.; Caribbean Sea; 27°—34° N. 74° W. May: 21° N. 48° W. to 28°—29° N. 47°—39° W.; 45° N. 43° W. June: 29° N. 36° W. July: 29° N. 44°, W.; 33° N. 74° W.; 40° N. 67° W. to 42° N. 48° W. Agoust: 225 (Ni) TAR Wx toe 30° Nien 74° We. ZOGIN.. G6AR, We to 45° N. 43° W. and 44° N. 42° W. September: 8°—18° N. 25° W.; Caribbean Sea; 41° N. 65° W. to: 42°0N: 57° OW. October: Bahamas; 34° N. 74° W. November: 13° —19° S. 30°23 W076 Set Wikatows: Ne DAN : December: 14° §. 36° W.; 26°°S. 45° W.; 34°-N. 38° W. to 19° N. 58° W.: Porto Rico: Canaries: Gibraltar; Azores. DINOFLAGELLATA:—CERATIUM 215 1899 January: Canaries to 33° N. 15° W. February: 32° N. 47° W. March: 21° N. 43° W. April: 28°—36° N. 74°—75° W. June: 1975: 1° W:: a? 53 20 Wie fo) 72S. b> Wi85 N..25 W.;.21° N. 45° W. July: 28° N. 40° W.; 40° N. 38° W. Temperature: 21.4, mean of 101 obs., max. 28.4, min. 9.s. Salinity: 35.77, mean of 71 obs., max. 37.40, min. 33.20. Plankton-type. Occurs in the Mediterranean, the Red Sea and Indian Ocean, in the Atlantic in the S. Equatorial and Brazil Currents. It follows the Equatorial Current along the N. coast of S. America into the Caribbean Sea, thence the Antilles and Florida Currents to the south of the Newfoundland Banks, between 40° and 45° N., where it occurs abundantly from July to September, thence, in the winter, to the space between the Azores, Gibraltar and the Canaries. It occurs in the Sargasso Sea not rarely from December to May, more rarely later. — D. CERATIUM DIGITATUM Scuivrr. (D. Peridinéen d. Plankton-exp. Pl. XII fig. 42. 1898 February: Caribbean Sea. March: 7° N. 55° W. April: Caribbean Sea. vA Temperature: 24.s, mean of 4 obs., max. 26.65, min. 20.7. CERATIUM (FUSUS VAR.) EXTENSUM Gourret. (Ceratium fusus ScutTr Pfl. d. Hochsee pag. 271 fig. 80. ©. fusus car extensum GourRRET Ann. du Musée d’ hist. nat. de Marseille, zool. Vol. I n. 8 pag. 52 PI. IV fig. 56. C. fusus var. longiseta Ci. K. Sv. Vet. Akad. Handl. Vol. XXXII n. 3. pag. 3, nomen nudum.) 1898 January: 1° 5S. 26°—27° W.; 11° N. 52° W.; 18° N. 46° W. to 45° N. 13° W.; Caribbean Sea; 26°—32° N. 74° W.; 7—8 N. 22°—21° W.; 44°—46° N. 17°—11° W. Kebruary: 5° S. 9°. By 16 N: 71° W. to 30° N. 74° W. 216 DINOFLAGELLATA:—CERATIUM March: 4°—1° 8. 10°—15° W.; 11°—18° N. 19°—25° W.; 15°: N.. 49° W. to 43° N. 17° We; *Caribbeam=Sea; 32° N: 74° W.; 40° N. 56° “(W.; 45° Ny 36° W.3/49°UN. 18° W. April: 41° N. 19° W.; 48° N; 29° °Wes 15° N. “49° W.:.Carib- bean Sea; 31° N. 75° W. May: Azores; area between 46° N. = - W. and 48° N. 30°—26° W.; 23° N. 45°—46° W.; 26° N.. 52° W. June: 22° N. 60° W. to 33° N. 48° W. July: 24° N. 54° Ne Caribbean Sea; 25° and 38° N. 74° W.; “te Ne 60 W. 34-——3le Nuos so” W., August: 22° N. 74° sii to 34° N. 73° W.; 42° N. 62° W.; 47° Nooo Wa 20 N 20° NW. to BO° NN: 199 W.; Azores. September: 9° N. 53° W.; Caribbean Sea; 90° _28° N. 74° W.; 46° N. 11° W.; Azores. October: Caribbean Sea; 30° N. 74° W.; Azores. November: 8° N. 28° W.; 13° N. 27° W.; Azores. December: 29°—30°, N:,. 14°—16°. W.; Azores. 1999 January 33 "No 15> W. to 35°) N.- 92 W March: Azores. April: 41°—44° N, 18°— 15° W. Janes, 19? So dos tole: ) Fo alsin LOAN, 492 Wise 24) NE 42° W. JSiailgesso- Net40°° W,; 48° N. 25° W.. August: 48° N. 13°—17° W. Temperature: 211, mean of 121 obs., max. 28.4, min. 8. Salinity: 56.01, mean of 80 obs., max. 37.63, min. 33.92. Plankton-type. [ound in the Mediterranean and the Pacific. In the Atlantic it follows the south Equatorial Current to the north of South America, enters the Caribbean Sea, the Florida Current and the Sargasso Sea. In May and August it occurs between 45° and 50° N., which seems to be the northern limit. It occurs during the whole year at the Azores. — D. (S.) DINOFLAGELLAT.Z—CERATIUM 217 CERATIUM FLAGELLIFERUM CL. (C. trip. var. flagellifera Cu. K. Sv. Vet. Akad. Handl. Vol. XXXII. n. 3 1899 pag. 1, nomen nudum. —- Scuirr Pflanzenl. d. Hochsee pag. 267 fig. 77 V. b. (no name). — C. trip. var. inflerum Gourrer Ann. du Musée d’hist. nat. de Marseille, zool., Vol. I n. 8 pag. 29 PI. III fig. 44?) 1897 December and 1898 January: 16° S. 37° W. to 8° 5S. 31° W.; 7—11° N.:22°—20" We te 12° N53" 50? We om eab NN... 74° W.; 4a. 99° Ws 27 3Neyok) W.,to,.18° N.46> W. February: 5° S. 4°—9° E.; Caribbean Sea; 21°—30 N. 74° W. March: 6° S. 4 W.; 7°—11° N. 17°—19° W.; area between 93° N. 28° W., the Azores and 9° N. 59° W.; 28°—32°. N. 74° W. April: 10° N. 52°—53° W.; 12° N. 51° W.; Caribbean Sea; al Neko” «We May: area between 11° N. 52° W., 32° N. 36° W. and 23 WN. 56 W.:. 41° N. 51° W.; Azores: June: 10° N. 55° W.; area between 24° N. 58° W., 40° N. 37 W.. 30° N. 36° W. and 23° N. 42° W.; Madeira. July: 34° N. 33° W.; Azores; Caribbean 5ea; o-oo, Ne W.; 42° N. 48° W. August: 40° N. 66° W. to 45° N. 40° W.; Azores. ee 17° N. 48° W.. 20°— 25° N. 74° W.: 44° N65: W.; 42° N. 57 W.; Azores; Madeira. October: 21° S. 36° W.; 30°—34° N. 74° W.; Azores. * November: 18°—19° S. 31° W.; 34°—36° N. 10°—14° W.,; Azores; 42° N. 64° W. December: 29°—14° S. 49°—36° W.; area between the Cana- ries, Gibraltar, the Azores and 34° N. 38° W.; Porto Rico. 1899 January: 29° N. 16° W. to 33° N. 15° W. and 35° N. 9° W. February: 32°—34° N. 47°—40 W. March: Azores; 18° N. 45° W. April: 9° N. 59° W.; 32°—36° N. 75°—74° W. June: (Oo —20- St fon tb> No 40° W. diye tl WN. She We 207 N. Sao W.32S° N. al” W. ~l iN Temperature: 22.9, mean of 139 obs., max. 28.3, min. 15.5. Salinity: 36.00, mean of 96 obs., max. 37.41, min. 28.10. 218 DINOFLAGELLATA.—CERATIUM Plankton-type. ‘The area of distribution is the whole tropical and subtropical Atlantic, between Africa and South America. It has been seen in 1898 May and July only very rarely north of 40° N., but in August it passed beyond that limit to at least 45° N. In September to January it occurred between the Azores, Gibraltar and the Canaries. — D. CERATIUM FURCA Dus.' (STEIN: D. Org. d. Infusionsth. Pl. XV fi. 7—14.) 1897 December and 1898- January: 12°—21° N. 19°—17° W.; 4° N. 30° W. to 13° 8S. 35° W.: ‘Caribbean ‘Sea; 25° N. 50°? W. February: 21°—27° N. 41°—51° W.; Caribbean Sea. Marchv4> S. 10° OV 3° O No 16° W., 14°--252Ns 17> — 18> Ws 29° N. 42° W.; 7° N. 55° W.; Caribbean Sea. April: 39° N. 24° W.; 59° N. 22° W.; north of Scotland, May: 16°—24° N. 58°-—5d1° W.; area between 44° N. 19° W., 48° N. 29° W. and 50° N. 12° W.; 59°—57° N. 28°—25° W. to the Farée Channel; Shetlands to 58° N. 5° E. and 66° NOE. June: 34° N. 46° W. and 57° N. 34° W., rare; area between 40° N. 10° W., 42° N. 33° W. and 47° N. 17° W., maximum at 45° N. 23° W.; N. of Scotland (common on some spots) to SE. Iceland to the west coast of Norway, from 61° to 68° N. July: common at 39° N. 23° W., more or less rare at 49° N. 22°—10° W.; common on the area between the Fiarédes, Scot- land and the Shetlands, thence less common to 58° N. 32° W. and sparingly to 59° N. 2° E. August: 49° N. 24°—12° W.; 56° N. 34°—28° W.; 40°—41° N. 59°. W.; Irish Sea and the Clyde area; common from the Shetlands to the Férées and thence with decreasing abun- dancy to Iceland and round that island; 60° N. 3° E., rare. September: 45°—49° N. 14° W. to 49° N. 3°. W.; SW. and N. of Rockall, 56° N. 19° W. and 57° N. 14° W.; common N. Ostenfeld’s, Murray’s & Whitting’s data used. DINOFLAGELLAT A‘—CERATIUM 219 of Iceland, 66° N. 18° W.; 64° N. 31° W. to the south of the Shetlands. — N. of Norway, 70° N. 21° E. to 73° N. 19° E. Octobér: SOP N: TOP Wieib6?.N.9:32° W.: to: 59° N. 3° W.., maximum in the Fiiréde Channel; S. of Iceland, rare. Nopenvoer:b° 5S. .33° W.: die N,. 25° W.; to 20°: N, 23% W.; 49° N. 12° W.; 56° N. .23°—30° W.; Iceland to the Shetlands, rare. December: 29° S.,. 49°, W. to 222.5. 41° W.;. 18° N..67° W.; 50° N. 9° W., rare; Firdes rare; 43° N. 58° W. 1899 January: 33° N. 12°—15° W. March: 47° N. 8° W. April. 375 Nv .9°\W., to. 42° N.,.18° W.,and. thence to: the mouth of the Engl. Channel; 9° N. 59° W. May: 51° N. 14°—26° W.; 60° N. 4° W.—1° E.; 58° N. 2° W. to 57° N. 3°—6° E. ple. eWay, dai ee a bo. Wi: to. 2? Neeoae, W- 9? Ne 25 WieerOle Og (Neda titesbor, Nu 2B: to O7s, IN. hi Ee. July: 11° N. 26° W.; 48° N. 23°—25° W., common; 56°— iN te os oe NO. W..2not rare, August: 48° N. 13°—20° W., more or less rare; 60° N. 3° E.; Do, Nod; and. 2o., Weerares,/2~. N. 26° .E. September: area betweeen’ 51° N. 21°—28° W. and _ 56° N. 17 W. rare: 72° N. 192 E. to: 76> N. 16° E. November: 51° N. 13° W., rare. Temperature: 13.:, ean of 46 obs., max. 21, min. 6. (Samples containing this species sparingly not considered.) Salinity: 35.12, mean of 44 obs., max. 36.13, min. 31.ss. Plankton-type. [ound in the Pacific, the Indian Ocean and the Red Sea. In the Atlantic it follows the south Equatorial Current, west of Africa towards S. America, enters the Brazil Current and sparingly the northern Equatorial Current into the Caribbean Sea and the Florida Current. Very rare in the Sargasso Sea. It appeared very abandantly on the west coast af Africa towards the Azores, in the English Channel, off Iceland and in the Farde Channel, sweeping in August—September round Iceland. From the Faroe Channel it enters the North Sea and follows the west coast of Norway to 76 N. — S. 220 DINOFLAGELLAT.Z—CERATIUM CERATIUM FUSUS Duvs.' (STEIN: D. Organ. d. Infusionsth. Pl. XV fig. 1—6.) 1897 December and 1898 January: 41°—43° N. 22°—18° W:; 6° N.° 55° W.; 37° N. Zo. WV: February: 34°-—38° N. 73°—74° W. March: along the west coast of Africa, from 11° N. 19° W. to. SES NS 12°. W.: 36° Ne 29 Wis tou4ao JN. 6° Werrand 955 Ne 12° Wi: 61° UN... 11 and.23- W.. tare: "40° No Go. ow April: 41° N. 19° W.; the whole Englih Channel; 63° N. 10° Worand G0? Ne -t9?W "062° N.-2° K..“rare=“39° Nere We 42° N. 47° W.; 47° N. 40° W.; 57° N. 49° W., rare every- where. May: Azores, rare; 50° N. 22° W. to the English Channel ; area between 58° N. 23° W., 59° N. 28° W. and the Shet- lands, thence into the North Sea to the west coast of Nor- way; 40° N. 72° W. to 46° N. 35° W., on many points. June: area between 40° N. 10° W., 34° N. 46° Ww: A ANG 59° W. and 50° N. 12° W.; 57° N. 34°—38° W.; S. Iceland tome Scotland and “62° No °2°' H.. 69° NS 15. oe July: area between the Azores, 49° N. 22° W. and 40° N. 60° W.; round Iceland, more or less common; area between Iceland, 58° N. 33° W. (common) and 59° N. 2° EK. (rare, but common E. of the Faroes). August: Azores; 49° N. 20° W: (common) to 41° N. 72° W.; area between Rockall, Scotland, the Shetlands, E. ani S. Iee- land, more or less common. September: 48° N. 24° and 7° W.; area between 56° N. 19° W., 65° N. 33° W.. and 59° N. 1° W., more'or less com- mon: N: of Iceland. ‘common: 970° °N:-21" Eo to 73a Ny UF Ei 43? N. 61°" W:: “rare: October: 56°—57° N. 25°—18° W., not rare; S. Iceland to 59° Nive Prares 4c IN: Ov Ws rare November: 56° N. 23° W., not rare; S, Iceland to the Férées, rare; 47° N. 40° W. to 42° N. 58° W., rare to common. ' Ostenfeld’s data used. Murray’s & Whitting’s not used. DINOFLAGELLATA:—CERATIUM 221 ~ December: S. Iceland to Scotland, rare; 48° N. 40° W. to 42 N. 63° W., rare to common; 26° S. 45° W., rare. 1899 January: Firées, rare; 40°—41° N. 66°—69° W. March: 66° N. 14° W., very rare. April: 41°, N. 18° W.;. 40° N’ 36° W.; 49° N..7° W., rare everywhere. May: along 50° N. from 39° to 14° W., rare; W. of Scotland to 60° N. 4° W., rare; 60° N.-1° E. to 58° N. 9° E., varying from rare to common. June. 20° S22. E:; 62°. N. 19—2°-E., to, 67°, N.,.117-E., asa rule rare. July: 40°. N. 38° W. to 48° N. 23° W., more or less rare; bie Nufae WVe: 62s N.. 0° W:, not,;rare; 71, Ny 3227 E., very rare. August: 55° N. 9° and 26° W., rare; 54° N. 46° W., rare. September: 56° N. 17° W., common; 60° N. 3° E. to 67° N. 3° W., as a rule rare, but common at 63° N. 1° E.; 72° N. 19°: to 77° N, 14°; E: October: 56° N. 15° W., not rare. November: 51° N. 28° W., rare; 47° N. 51° W., not. rare. _ Temperature: 10., mean of 26 obs., max. 18, min. 5. Salinity: 34.61, mean of 23 obs., max. 35.58, min. 31.96. (Only samples containing this species is abundance have been taken into calculation. ) Plankton-type. This common species occurs along the west coast of Africa and spreads, between the Azores and the English Channel, towards Iceland and the Farée Channel, goes round Iceland and follows the Norwegian coast towards Beeren Island. In May if Y occured arcoss the whole Atlantic between 40°—60° N. — S. CERATIUM GENICULATUM Lemmenrm. (Cer. fuss car. genic. LEMMERMANN Abh. d. Naturw. Ver. Bremen Bd. XVI H. 2. Pl. I fig. 17.) 1898 February: 26° N. 74° W., very rare. Temperature: 23.9. Plankton-type. Found in the South Equatorial Current, 1475. 27° W. — D. 222 DINOFLAGELLAT—CERATIUM CERATIUM GRAVIDUM Gournret.! (Scutrr: D. Peridinéen d. Plankton-exp. Pl. XI. fig. 81.) 1897 December: between 25° N. 50° W., 23° N: 51° W. and 23° N, 42° W.; Caribbean Sea; Azores. 1898 January: Caribbean Sea; Florida Current to 35° N. 74° W.; 40° No 2OC OW 224" (N21 7> AV: SAgOres. February: 5° 8. 0°—9° E.; 27°—28° N. 41°—389° W.; 21° N. 5O° W. to’ 18° N: 76° W.: “whole Caribbean Sea: N2 of the Bahamas. March: -4°°5.: 10° | W-""23" =N. 28° W:: ‘Caribbean Sea: 29° Bo IN 4 42" WBN at? WT UNS 287 WwW, April: 19°—16° N. 52°—56° W.; Caribbean Sea; 31° N. 75° W. Jane: AO? N° 52° We 42 48° WW, September: 40° N. 65° W. to 46° N. 39° W. October: Azores. November: Azores; 22° N. 53° W. December: 26° S. 45° W.; 25° N. 52° ‘W.: Caribbean’ Sea; Azores. 1899 February: 32° N. 47° W. March: Azores. April: 32° N. 75° W. dune: 12° Sas> W: November: 49° N. 5O° W. Temperature: 22.4, mean of 34 obs., max. 27.3, min. 12. Salinity: 35.009, mean of 21 obs., max. 37.41, min. 33.93. Plankton-type. This species occurs in the Mediterranean and the Indian Ocean. In the Atlantic it follows the Equatorial Current into the Caribbean Sea and thence the Florida Current. It occurs in September between. 40° and 45° N. in the western Atlantic and from December to March at the Azores and in the Sargasso Sea. — P. ' Murray's & Whitting’s data used. 1898 1899 DINOFLAGELLATA:— CERATIUM 223 CERATIUM (?) HYPERBOREUM (1..' (Kongl. Sv. Vet. Akad. Handl. Vol. XXXIV n. 1 Pl. VINE fig. 14.) August: 81° N, 19° E. August: 80° N. 16° E. Temperature: —0.s0 and +2.12. Salinity: 25.36 to 33.93. Plankton-type: Vy. CERATIUM LIMULUS Govurrert.” Scuitrr: D. Peridineen d. Plankton-exp. Pl. IX fig. 32.) December: area between 29° N. 36° W., 24°—25° N. a1°— 50° W. and 12° N. 50° W.; Caribbean Sea. January: 9 TAG a 25; W,; ibe S. 37° Wa2 Ns WW; Azores to 32° N. oy We February: 31° N. 35° W. to 25° N. 44° W.; Caribbean Sea; 30° N. 74° W. to 34° N. 73°. W. March: area between the Azores, 30° N. 35° W., 29° N. 40 W. and 28° N. 38° W.; 10° N. 53° W.; Caribbean Sea. April: 41° N. 20° W. to 16° N. 56° W.; Caribbean Sea. May: 16°—24° N. 58°—51° W.; 30°—32° N, 44°. 42° W. June: Azores. July: Azores; Caribbean Sea; 41° N. 48° W. August: Azores; 34° N. 73° W. September: Azores; Madeira; Bahamas. October: Azores. November: Azores; 36° N. 14° W.; 0° S. 31° W.: December: Canaries; Azores; 34° N. 38° W.; Porto Rico. 1899 January: Canaries to Gibraltar. February: 32° N. 46° W. March: 24° N. 40° W.; Azores to the Engl. Channel. April: 41° N.. 16° W.; 45° N, 13° W.; 28°—36° N. 74° W. June: 36° N. 30°. 'W. July: 29° N. 40° W.;, 12°—14° N. 27°—28° W. ' According to a letter from JoRGENSEN the same as his Gonyaulax ? (ria- cantha. JORGENSEN’s paper was not published when the above was written. * Murray's & Whitting’s data used. 224. DINOFLAGELLATA:—CERATIUM Temperature: 20.9, mean of 64 obs., max. 27.s, min. 14. Salinity: 36.21. mean of 39 obs., max. 36.92, min. 33.88. Plankton-type. ‘This species follows the Equatorial Current into the Caribbean Sea, thence the Florida Current, only exceptio- nally beyond 35° N. It occurs in the Sargasso Sea to the Azores and Gibraltar. In March 1899 rare specimens drifted towards the Engl. Channel. — D. CERATIUM LINEATUM Ksu.' (Cer. furca car. baltica Mobb. in Scutrr D. Peridineen d. Plankton-expedition Pl. IX fig. 36. 1897 December: 32°—34° N. 33°—30° W.. area’ between 24° N, 50° W., 19° N. 45° W. and 16° N. 48° W.; Caribbean Sea. 1898, January: 10 ~—16° 8.37 "W.;' 1°"S.-27- -W., 1 NEW Caribbean Sea; 25° N. 74° W. February: 34° N. 31° W. to 25° N. 44° W.; ‘Caribbean Sea; ae SNE es ve Marche Osea Ne 22°21? Weito 1G: aNe tS PW area che; tween 15° N. 49° W., 7° N. 5b? W. and 14° N» 64° W.; 33 2-37 Nad4, W.: 25°°N>’ 41° W. to 2D° NS 1a ew: April: 7° N. 54° W. to 14° N. 58° W.; Caribbean Sea; 31° N. 75° W.; Azores to 48° N. 8° W. May: area between 11° N. 52° W., 57° N. 38° W., 60°—61° N. 20°—10° W. and 50° N. 14° W. June: area between Cape Finisterre, the Canaries, 31° N. 50° W. and 48” N. 33° -W. July: Azores to 29° N. 44° W.; 41°—40° N. 58°—67° W.; area _. between, 58° N...32° Ws 159? 'N. 62° W. and 63°" N. 21°) WW" August: 40° N. 66° W. to 45° N. 40° W., common; Azores; 48° N. 24° W.; Irish Channel; Shetlands to 57° N. 7° W.; S. of Iceland, across Denmark’s Sound to EK. Greenland. September: Azores; 46° N. 11° W.; 41°—42° N. 65°—57° W.; Shetlands to 60° N. 6° W.; S. of Iceland to E. Greenland; 62° IN 21° We f01G5° Nevo Wise 72 Ne nod a, ' Ostenfeld’s data used. MEIN. «a DINOFLAGELLAT A:—CERATIUM Gade October: Azores; 42° N.»64°-—50° W.; 48° °N. 29° W.; 57° — 59? -Ni027°—21° W.: 60? N» '4°-— 6° W: November: 26°—24°.S. -30°—29° W.; 5°—0° N. 33°—31° W.: Azores; 41°—43° N. 69°—61° W.; 48°—50° N. 29°—31° W.. 49° N. 12° W. December: 26° S. 45° W.; Azores; Canaries; 43° N. 61°— 57° W. 1899 February: 32° N. 47° W. March: 24° N. 70° W.; 36° N. 29° W.: 35° N. 16° W. April: 41°—42° N. 15°—18° W.; 49° N. 7° W. 4 Maj +'135°. NeiG62-W.;.) 50°51. N.\338°—20° W.;.60°+6 1°: N. 4°—5° W.; 58°N. 5° E. ; June: 20° 3, 2° EB. to 3? S::20° W.;¥62%N-- 02) Et July: 20° N. 34° W.; area between 33° N. 41° W., 45° N. 31° W. and 48° N. 35° W. September: 77° N. 14° E. Temperature: 19.3, mean of 168 obs., max. 28, min. 47s. Salinity: 35.13, mean of 106 obs., max. 37.40, min. 31.96. Plankton-type. ‘This species occurs in the Red Sea, the In- dian Ocean and the Bering Sea. In the Atlantic it has a very wide range of distribution between America and Africa—Europe, at least from 26° §$., occurs from the winter to June in the Sargasso Sea and the Florida Current, and in the western Atlantic between 40° and 45° N., where it reaches its maximum in August. It occurs at the Azores the whole year, spreads thence, in May, northwards, at least to 50° N., in July to 60° N. It reaches in August S. Iceland and goes thence across Denmark’s Sound to E. Greenland. — S. (1).) CERATIUM TRIPOS VAR. LONGIPES Baiz..' (Ci. Fifteenth annual report of the Fishery Board for Scotland, for 1896, pag. 302 fig. 2 inclusive var. horrida Ci. |. ¢. fig. 4 C. trip. vc. tergestina Scutrr. C. tripos var. arctica AURIV. p. p.) 1898 March: Azores, very rare; 64° N. 25° W., very rare; 62° N. a Ee BS Nea 1B aOoYN. FLOW! April: SW. and 8. of Iceland; Fiirées; Fiirée Channel; 59° N. 28° W.; 60°—62° N. 2°—9° W.: 39° N. 74° W., common. 1 Ostenfeld’s data used. 15 1899 such s DINOFLAGELLATA!—CERATIUM May: 5. and E. of Iceland to the Farées and Scotland, com- mon at some points; 62° N. 2° E., rare; along the coast of Norway, from 58° to 66° N.;. 40° N. 72° W. to 41° N. 59° W., as a rule common. June: Iceland to the Fiarées and Scotland; 58° N. 2° W., rare 62° N. 2° E., common; along the coast of Norway sn 67° 72° N.; SE. of Spitzbergen. July: NE. and 5. of Iceland, common, thence to the Fiirées, Scotland’ and to/59°.N./2°UR.:, 65° -N. 5° Ws notware; SW. of Cape Farewell; 40° N. 69° W., common. August: N. of Iceland; along the S. coast of Iceland to the Firédes; E. of Scotland; round Spitsbergen; W. of Green- land, 61°—62° N. 53°—56° W. September: NE. and 5. of Iceland, common to rare; 58. of the Fiirdes; between Norway and Spitzbergen; land; 58°—60° N. 39°—6b° W.; 48°)(N. 729° Wi: October: along 8. Iceland and thence to the Fiirées; SE. of Cape Farewell; 42° N. 50° W. November: S. of Ieeland, rare; Fiirées. December: 47° N. 45° W. to 41° N. 66° W. January: Firoées, rare; 48° N. 39° W., common; 40°—41° N. 66°—69° W., very common to rare. Marche, 04 N. 12° W., rare: 62° N. 7 W: May: 64° N. 10° E., rare; 61: N. 2 EY toi8"4N 63:82) com- mon to very common, less cormmon to 58° N. 8° E.; 38° N. 74° W., not rare. June: 67° N. 3° W., rare: 62° N. 1° E.. rare to common; 64° New fk, tov67>: N.adal° Ge ery, common;iroa, N'°-24 Exito 7S aN: 12° He Rare: Jug: A T4e WN OA OW es ware, G2 a NSaOn 8We, thoberare > Wl Same: New32°—36°2K. tnotwares 56% NSss W. August: 72°—74° N. 26°—31° E., more or less common; 54° N. 46° W., rare. September: 74° N. 17° W. to 65° N. 2° W., rare to common, abundantly at 67°—68° N. 4°--6 W.; 72° N.. 19° E. to 79° N. 11° E., more or less searce, but very common at 76°— 77° Ne 16°44 ES Alo No bie Ws rare: Temperature: 8.5, mean of 58 obs., max. 21, min. 4.1 samples as contained this species abundantly considered). W S. of Green- (only DINOFLAGELLATA:—CERATIUM 227 Salinity: 34.02, mean of 58 obs., max. 35.58, min. 351.ss. Plankton-type. This species belongs to the arctic and Nor- thern Atlantic. I have met with it in a sample from the Bering Sea. It has been seen in the west as far north as 74 N. From there it follows the E. Greenland Current to Iceland, where it occurs from April to November. From Iceland it goes round 8. Greenland and con- tinues with the southward current along America, at least to 38° N. In the other direction it spreads to the Firées, Scotland, into the North Sea and to the W. coast of Norway, which it follows, and continues round Spitzbergen and into the Murman Sea. In the E. it scarcely goes south of 58° N., but very rare specimens may drift as far as the Azores. — 7. and Ns. CERATIUM MACROCEROS Eun. (Ci. Fifteenth annual report of the Fishery Board for Scotland, for 1896, pag. 301 fig. 6.) 1898 January: 33° N..31° W. February : 30°—34° N. 74°—73° W. March: "O° S7 4 Wie 7 N55 Wr '12° N51° WW. area: be- tween the Azores, 45° N. 13° W. and 41° N. 66° W.; 62° We 2°" E3600" NY 4° Ee April: 10° N. 52° W.; 44°—47° N. 45°—40° W.; Azores; Engl. Channel. May: Azores; 41° N. 65° W. to 49° N. 23° W., common to rane nN. to WDB Ne EB to pe. By 6° ER. June: area between the Canaries, the Azores and Cape Fini- sterre; 42° N. 50° W.; 40° N. 37° W.; 48° N. 33° W.; area between the Azores, 38° N. 41° W., 25° N. 57° W. and 23° N. 42° W. July: Azores; 38° N. 74° W. to 40° N. 60° W.; 63° N. 1° W. to’ 59° N. /2°\E.. common. August: Azores; 48° N. 30° W. to 40° N. 67° W.; 60° N. 3° EK., common; d8° N. 0°—d° E., common. September: Azores; 46°—47° N. 11°—9° W.; 70°—73° N. 21° —19° E., common. October: Azores; 42° N. 50° W. 228 DINOFLAGELLATA:—CERATIUM November: 18° S. 36° W.; Azores; 41° N. 66° W. to 47° N. B12 We DL Nes208 WS BET Any Ae December: Canaries; Azores; 41° N. 66° W. to 49° N. 35° W., at some points common. 1899 January: 34° N. 12° W., rare; 41°—40° N. 69°—66° W. March: Azores; 46° N. 11° W.; 47° N. 8° W., everywhere rare. April: 41° .N. 17° W.; 46° N.,13° W.; rare. May: 25° 8. 7°.E.; 49°—50° N. 39°--33° W.; 57° N. 3°—9° E., rare to parnmons 59° N. 2° E., very rare. June: 7°—9° N. 25° W.; 24° N. 42° W.; 64°—67° N. 7°— 11° E.. common to rare. July: 12° N. 27° W.; 35°—38° N. 40° W.; 44°—49° N. 33°— 23° W.,| rare 62° N02 We -rare. August: 48° N. 17° W., rare; 60° N. 3° E., common; 72° .N. 26° E., very rare. September: 56° N. 33° W., rare; 60° N. oy EF, Stos62° Naa> ie, very common, thence rare to 67° N. 4° W.; 72° N. 19° E. (very common) to 77° N. 14° E. ae October: 56° N. 23° (rare) and 31° W. (not rare). Temperature: 12.s, mean of 20 obs., max. 24.2, min. 7.9 (only such samples as contained this species abundantly considered). Salinity: 34.1s, mean of 19 obs., max. 35.35, min. 30.62. Plankton-type. The principel area of distribution is in the spring between the Azores, New York and the British {slands. It enters the North Sea, north of Scotland, and follows the Scandina- vian coast into the Skagerak and to the north of Norway. In June 1898 it was seen scattered in several parts of the tropical Atlantic. It occurs in the Indian Ocean. — S. CERATIUM PARADOXIDES C1. (K. Sv. Vet. Akad. Handl. Vol. XXXIV n. 1 Pl. VII fig. 14) 1898 March: 37° N. 24° W. September: 46° N. 39° W. 1899 January: 33 N. 15° W. Temperature: 17.3, mean of 3 obs., max. 18.4, min. 17. > DINOFLAGELLAT.2—CERATIUM Salinity: 36.3, mean of 3 obs... max. 36.66, min. 33.90. Plankton-type: ‘. ‘ CERATIUM PLATYCORNE v. apay. (Termézetrajzi Fiizetek Vol. XI part 2, 1887—88 a Mus. nat. hungarica Budapest- inensi vulgato pag. 101. — ©. tripos var. aurita Cr. 1897, 1898 January: 44°—46° N. 17°—11° W. March: Azores to the Engl. Channel. April: Azores to the Engl. Channel; 40° N. 41° W. May: 41° N. 16° W.; 48° N. 28° W. to 41° N. 60° W. September: Engl. Channel. October: 57° N. 27° W. November: area between 50° N. 21° W., 56° N. 23°—30° W. and 50° N. 10° W. December: Canaries; area between 42° N. 16° W., Cape Fini- sterre and 50° N. 9° W. 1899 February:.34° N. 40° W. March: area between 44° N. 16° W., 46° N. 11° W. and 47 N. 8° W. April: area between 40° N. 16° W., 46° N: 13° W. and 42° N. 18° W. October: 56° N. 31° W. November: 51° N. 13° and 21° W. Temperature: 14.:, mean of 37 obs., max. 20.6, min. ‘hs. Salinity: 36.19, mean of 29 obs., max. 36.71, min. 35.0s. Plankton-type, This species is confined to the eastern Atlan- tic, between the Azores and the English Channel, but in May the area of distribution expands between 40° and 50° N. towards the Newfoundland Banks, and rare specimens drift in October nearly to 60° N. — S. 230 DINOFLAGELLATA.—CERATIUM CERATIUM RANIPES (1, (K. Vet. Akad. Handl. Vol. XXXIV n. 1 PI. VID fig. 1). 1897 December:.19°: .N, 45° W.: 32° N.33° W: 1898 January: 25° N. 74° W. February: 13° N. 69° W.; 26°—34° March AG Ne a3" W302 Nea: Aprd? 10" N53? We; 12° INE Lee! May: 16° ON. 507. W. October: 26° N. 76° W. December: 49° N. 35° W.; Azores. ved = 7 a | =e al =< Temperature: 21.2, mean of 14 obs., max. 26.9, min. 14. Salinity: 36.11, mean of 3 obs., max. 36.52, min. 35.63. Plankton-type. ‘This species follows the Equatorial, Antilles- and Florida Currents, and towards the winter is conveyed to the Azores — D. CERATIUM REFLEXUM (C1, (K. Vet. Akad. Hand]. Vol. XXXIV n. 1 Pl. VII fig. 8, 9 E 1898 November: 19° S. 31° W., very rare. Temperature: 25.: Salinity: 37.26. Plankton-type. Noted from 38° N. 47> W. (June 1892 E. LONNBERG) — 2) CERATIUM RETICULATUM (Poucuer).' (C. hexacanthum car. contortum Lem. Abh. Nat. Ver. Bremen Vol. XVI H. 2 Pl. Il f. 20, 21 -—-Scutrr Pflanzenl. d. Hochsee pag. 268 VII C, without name). 1898 January: 12° N. 19° W. hebruary: 5° 5S. 9° W.; Caribbean Sea and the Antilles Current (To° IN. "FO" OW to" 26: Ne 74° W.). March: AS; dO? W. to 18° N. 18° Ww. 20° Ne BO Wao. N20 Wee Nh OgeWar ol” AN. ore Ws April: 41—46° N. 19—16° W.; 34° N. TE We ' Ostenfeld’s data used. 1899 July: 41° N. 48° W.; 48°— DINOFLAGELLAT-E—CERATIUM 231 May: 27°. (Nz 48% W SICiN. (56° /WIS8° ON. 20! OW; 42° ON. 16° W:: along 49° N. from 14° to 26° W.; 41°:N. 51° W. June?! 10° .N. 53° W509? NY 63° W.; 23° Ne 42° Ws 34° N. 46° W.; 35° N. 21° W.,:44°°N. 16° W. 49°, Ny 21°%—32° W.; 62° N. O° W., very rare. August: Azores; 48° N. 23° W. to 50° N. 12° W.; 41° N. -5B7°—58° W. September: 9° N. 53° W.; 46° N. 11° W. to 48 N. 24°—7 A 49° N. 21° W.; 56° N. 21° W. (rare dead); 38° N. 74° W. to:41° N:/ 65°" W. October: 21° S. 36° W.; 57°—5S8° N. 27°—25° W. November: 0°S.' 31° W.; 36° N. 14° W.s 45° N..7° W.; 42° N. 64° W.; 47° N. 44° W. December: 30° N. 16° W.; Azores. January: 35° N. 9° W., March: #357 N. 16% Wi 479 NN. 8° W219 /Ne 48° -Wi> 30° -N. 35° W.; 36° N. 29° W. April: 41° N. 17° W. to 149° N.7° W. Vurne® WAP Sh OAV W.Y74ES: 49° OW .3-9° Ni25° WW. ;. 2A Nedib? W. September: 56° N. 23° W.; very rare. November: 51° N. 28°. W., very rare. Temperature: 19.1, mean of 77 obs., max. 28, min. 6. Salinity: 36.45, mean of 53 obs., max. 37.28, min. 33.20. Plankton-type. This species occurs in the Mediterranean and the Indian Ocean. In the Atlantic it follows the south Equatorial Cur- rent along S. Africa and to the north coast of S. America, enters the Ca- ribbean Sea and the Florida Current. On the east side it spreads to the Canaries, the Azores and the West of Europa, where very rare specimens drift as far as 62° N. — S. (D). CERATIUM TRIPOS Dvy.' (Ci. Fifteenth annual report of the Fishery Board for Scotland, for 1896, pag. 301 fig. 1.) 1898 January: 8° N. 21° W.; 20°—21° N. 18°—17° W.; 83° N. 31° W.; 74° 30°—37° N. 73° W. (common). ' Ostenfeld’s, but not Murray's & Whitting’s data used. 232 DINOFLAGELLAT.&—CERATIUM February ; sa pias N. 74° W. March: 6° S. 4° W.; area between 3° N. 16° W., Cape Verde Islands te » ° N. 17° W.; Canaries; ‘33° N. 39° W. to 48° N. 6° Wi 10°F NA. Be” WV: to 15° NG 49° W.; 32° Ni. 74° W. 37° N. 74° W.; 40° N. 68° W.; to 41° N. 60° W. April: 10° N. 52° W.; 39° N. 74° W. to 40° N. 70° W., common. 39° N. 24° W.; 59° N, 22° W. to 62° N. 2° E., on the whole rare. May: across the whole Atlantic, from 41° N. 63° W., where very common, to the mouth of the Engl. Channel (common between 50° N. 7° W. and 48° N. 25° W.). area between 59° -N. 19° W., 63° N. 10° W. and 61° N. 1° W.. common at the Fiirées, but not abundant elsewhere; 58° N. 3° E., common; common along the coast of Norway, from 58° to 64° N. June: 40° N. 10° W. to 43° N. 9° W., not rare; 44°—46° N. 16°—11° W.; 42°'N. 50° W.; 60° N. 9°—3° W., common at 4° and 8° W.; 62° N. 3 E.; 67° N..10° Ej common; 69° N. 15° E., rare: 72-NS Gee Eysrare. duly > 0° IN: BOY, Wo; BOSUN. 22° W.37488 Ne S0P Wawel? N. 49° W. to 40° a W., where very common; area between 58° N. 33° W., 63° N. 1° W. and 59° N. 2° E., on the whole very common; a N. 12, E.: (r, deep sea: haul): August: 56° N. 28°—34° W., common; 56° N. 13° and 20° W., not rare; E. of Iceland, common; W. of Scotland, more or less rare; area between 62° N. 16°—18° W., 60° N. 3° E. and o8° N. 1° E., common from the Fiirdes to Norway; 38°—40° N. 74°—72° W., very common; 40°—41° N. 67°—58° W., not common. September: Engl. Channel, rare; 56° N. 35°—12° W., not com- mon; area between 60° N. 26° W., 63° N. 27° W., Farées, 60° N: 3° E. and) 560,N..13°),W.., asa rule very common; N. of Iceland, common; Tromsée to Beeren Island, not common. October: area between 56° N. 31° W., 58° N. 35° W., 8S. Ice- land and 59° N. 1° W. as a rule very common; 41° N: 67°-—59° W., not common, November: Rio Janerio, not rare; 6° S. 33° W., rare; 51° N. 20° W., not rare; 56° N. 26°—30° W., common; 8. Iceland DINOFLAGELLATA7—CERATIUM 235 , (not common) to 60° N. 1° W., as a rule common; 41° N. 66°—69° W., common to rare. December: 26° S. 45° W., not rare; 18° N. 67° not rare; 62° N. 10° W., not rare; 63°°N. '21°—18° a rare; 47° N. 44° W. to 41° N. 66° W., common. 1899 January; Fiiroes, rare; 40° N. 66° W., common. April: 9° N. 59° W., rare. May: 51° N. 14° W., rare; 60° N. 5° W. to 58° N. 2° E., com- mon, and thece to Skagerak common; 50° N. 39° W.; 35°—38° N. 75°—74° W., more or less common. June: 20° 8S. 2° E., rare; 62° N. 0°? W.—2° E., common; 64° N. 7° E., (common) to 67° N. 11° E., (rare). July: 48° N. 25° W., not rare; 53° N. 42° N, rare; 62° N. QO- W., common. August: 48° N. 13° W., rare; 55° N. 9° W. to 54° N. 46° W., rare; 60° N. 3° E., not rare; 72° N. 26° E., very rare. September: 57° N. 16° W. to 56° N. 38° W., rare to common; 607—62° Ni. 3°\ der 143. vcommon to\rare? 72°—-737.NW19° BS more or less common. October: 52° N. 14° W. to 53° N. 37° W., rare to very com- mon. November: 51° N. 13° (rare) and 28° (not rare) W. Temperature: 11.4, mean of 99 obs., max. 28.2 min. 6.5 (only such samples as contained this species abundantly have been consi- dered). Salinity: 34.92, mean of 95 obs., max. 35.s2, min. 30.62. Plankton-type. (eratium tripos has the same distribution as otber species of the Styli-plankton and is much more abundant in the east than in the west Atlantic. In May its area extends across the whole Atlantic, between 40° and 50° N. Later it advances towards Iceland and the» Fiarée Channel, enters the North Sea and follows the Scandinavian coasts, nearly to Beeren Island — \S. CERATIUM (TRIPOS VAR.) VOLANS (1. (K. Vet. Akad. Handl. Vol. XXXIV n. L Pl. VII fig. 4). 1898 January: 16°—21° N. 18°—17° W.; 41°—44° N. 21°—17° W.; 11°—14° N. 52°—49° W. 234 1899 1897 1898 DINOFLAGELLATA!—CERATIUM February: Caribbean Sea; 30° N. 74° W, March: area between 18° N. 18° W., Cape Verde Islands and B62 WW. 20° AV. April: 41° N.'19°0W.732°)N.0 75° Wi May: 7°N. 54° W.; area between 23° N. 56° W. and 26°—30° N. 42° W.; 44° N.. 51° W. June: 28°—30° N. 53° July: Caribbean Sea. August: 41° N. 57° W. to 44° N. 42° W.; Azores. September: 42° N. 57° W.; Azores. October: 38° N. 74°’ W. November: 19°.S. 31° W.;8° N. 28° W. to 13° N. 27° °W.; area between the Mrdtiee: Madeira and 34° N. 10° W.; 42° N. 642° RW = 22 aN 32 be December: 26° S. 45° : Porto..Rico; i257 Ne S2aaWiai34° IN, 38° W.; Azores: mae es January: 32°—34° N. 16°—15° W March: 18° N. 45° W.; 36° N. 29° W. April: 9° iN. 59° W.; 28° N.: 7402 June A 9°uS. 19) Wi: 27" N N. 39° W. ily MOEN 253° GW 5330 NN, 41° OW. to42° oN. Temperature: 21.9, mean of 66 obs., max. 28, min. 13. Salinity: 36.19, mean of 50 obs., max. 37.63, min. 32.62. Plankton-type: J CERATIUM (TRIPOS VAR.) VULTUR CL. (K. Vet. Akad. Hand}. Vol. XXXIV n. 1 Pl. VII fig. 5). December: and January: 7° N. 53° W. to 19° N..45° W.; 25° N.. 74° W, February: Caribbean Sea; Bahamas; area between 12° N. BP Wate) WN: se and OPN. W. to 41° N. OL OW. August: 40° N. 66° W. 44° N. 42° W.; 56° N. 34° W.; 61° N. 8° W. September: 60° N. 6 W. Nocember: 60° N. 4° W. December: 62° N. 10° W. 1899 March: 47° N. 8° W. tine. fe oe tO; Wwe to 19°}. 1 WW. Juig: 23° N. 30° W532 N. 41° W. Temperature: 17.6, mean of 18 obs., max. 25.1, min. 7.0. Salinity: 35.71, mean of 18 obs., max. 37.36, min. 33.93. Plankton-type: This species occurs in the Indian Ocean. It ranges in the Atlantic at least fromr 19° S. to 62° N. and has, essen- tially, an eastern distribution. — S. / DINOPHYSIS HOMUNCULUS Svein.' D. Org. d. Infus Pl. XXI fig. 1—8.) Looe vanuarg TO?! N° 20°" Ws 21UN O17? Wee She NY 36="W.;. Car aed ha if 2 ers, ONO Soe 2 le February: 34° N. 31° W:; 32° N. 34° W.; Caribbean Sea; 34 N.'73° W. March: 18°—21° N. 18° W.; area between 35° N. 28° W., 29 N. 45° W. and 45° N. 19° W.; 43° N. 48° W. April: area between 29° N. 38° W., 43° N. 50° W. and 50° N. 9° W.; 31°—34° N. 75°—74° W. REG LR H2P PR O° NN! 44? Wey 32° N36 OW aan, 40° W.; area between 38° N. 21° W., 50° N. 7° W. and * Ostenfeld’s and Murray's & Whitting’s data used. 240 DINOFLAGELLAT DINOPHYSIS 41° N. 56° W.; area between 60° N. 10° W., 59° N. 16° W. and 61° N. 19° W. June; area between the Canaries, Portugal and Cape Finisterre ; 60° 'N. 4° W2;"50° (N.922° "Wis 42° N. SO W 35° N. 4e° Ww. July: area between 34° N. 33° W., 49° N. 22° W. and 44° N. 30° We AON. 67° W. to 41° Nas” WW.) Seo Np 27° We BS” NIB? We August: area between the Azores, New York and 49° N. 23° W.; FiirGes. September: Azores; 47° N. 33° W. October: 41° N. 59° W. November: Rio Janeiro; 40° N. 67° W., 50° N. 30° W.; Azores; Madeira. December: Azores. 1899 January: Madeira; 48° N. 39° W.; 41° N. 69° W. March: 36° N. 16° W.; Azores. April: 44° N. 15° W. Mage a0 Ne sor oo OW OO UN. oe SVN Julg: 38 NSS IW to 46° NN) 23° Wil nat warde a “Name W., common. September: 55° N. 44° W. to 53° N. 51° W., ‘rare. October: 54° N. 45° W., not rare. November: 51° N. 28° W. to 52° N. 48° W., rare. Temperature: 18.5, mean of 100 obs., max. 27,2, min. 6. Salinity: 35.51, mean of 77 obs., max. 36.54, min. 31.01. Plankton-type. This species has been found in the Mediter- ranean, Indian and Pacific. It occurs both in the western and eastern Atlantic. In the west it was found rarely at Rio Janeiro, sparingly in the North Equatorial Current, Caribbean Sea and Florida Current, reached in July the latitude of New York and approched the Newfoundland Banks. Rarely seen in the Sargasso Sea. In the east it occurs along the African coast in the Cape Verde region and round the Azores, where it is stationary during the whole year. In April it spreads towards the English Channel and to the South of the Newfoundland Banks. In May and June it had advanced to the Firde Channel. In July and August in reached its maximum and was found across the whole Atlantic between 40°—45° N., later it became more scarce. — S. (D.) bo ess ae DINOFLAGELLATA.—DINOPHYSIS DINOPHYSIS MICHAELIS (Kpu.2) Avriv.! (D. levis Crap. & Lacum. D. levis BERGH? D. rofundata Crare. & DAacum.? Scutrr D, Peridin. Pl. I fig. 5. D. rotundata Sreix. Phalacroma operculvides Ci. K. Sv. Vet. Akad. Handl. Vol. XXXII n. 3 pag. 40 non Scniirr. 1898 March: 58° N. 6° E. April: 61°.N. 6°, W. May: 63° N. 10°—17° W., not rare; 62° N. 2° E., rare: 59 —60° N. 10° W., rare; 59° N. 16° W., not rare: 59° N. 28 W., very rare. June: S. Iceland to 60° N. 4° W., rare; 57° N. 34°—38° W.. rare; 63° N. 56° W., very rare; N. of Iceland, 67° N. 24° We: GSN. 1s. 40" N. 10° W. July: round Iceland to 60° N. 4° W.; 58°—59° N. 27°—22° Ww. August: area between 63° N. 25° W., 60° N. 3° W. and 66 N. 15°. W.;)) 767 80% IN} 14°. E:->78°) N. \26°—98°_E.-, 66° N. af, ~W.;. 62°—69° N.. 56°—53° W.; 41° N. 72° W. September: N. of Iceland; area between 60° N. 4° W.. 65° N. 36° W. and 57° N. 42° W., as a rule rare: 57° N. 42° W-- 59° N. 50° W.; 60° N. 55° W.: Disco: 73° N. 19° E. October: S. Iceland to the Shetlands, rare; 58° N. 32° W., rare; 07° N. 42°-W.., rare. November: 60° N. 4° W., very rare; 41° N. 69° W., rare. 1899 May: 64°—66° N. 10°—14° W. wune. OG IN 10° 70° Ne 20> Eto 78> 12° EB rare: August: 72° N. 26° E. September: 73°—-80° N. 19°—13° E., rare. Temperature: 7.3, mean of 39 obs., max. 21, min. 12. Salinity: 34.11, mean of 38 obs., max. 35.66, min. BOs. Plankton-type: Vs, 7: * Ostenfeld’s data used. 16 lo > bho DINOFLAGELLATAi*—DINOPHYSIS DINOPHYSIS OVUM Scuirr. (D. Peridineen d. Plankton-exp. Pl. I fig. 6.) 1898 August: 41° N. 58° and 72° W. October: 41° N. 59° W. 1899 January: 35° N. 9° W. Marth son Nolo We37> NN. 26° Wve Temperature: 19.1, mean of 6 obs., max. 25.5, min. 15.6. Salinity: 34.62, mean of 5 obs., max. 36.47, min. 31.01. Plankton-type: ‘. ? DINOPHYSIS SACCULUS Sreuy. (Org. d. Infusionsth. PI. XX fig. 10—12.) 1898 June: 40°—42° N. 10°—9° W. Temperature: 14.3s—15.s. Plankton-type. Found in the Mediterranean. My specimens occurred in Styli-plankton, and as no specimens were found in the open Atlantic, this species may be considered as neritic. — in. DINOPHYSIS VANHOFFENI Ostenr. (D. granulata Cu. K. Sv. Vet. Akad. Handl. Vol. XXXII n. 3 pag. 39 Pl. IV fig. 7 a small form). 1D. ovata VANHOFFEN Gr6nl.-Exp. Il Pl. V. fig. 7. D. Vanhoffenr OsTENr. lakttagelser etc. 1898 pag. 59.) 1898 May: area between 57° N. 28° W., 61° N. 23° W. and 60° N. 10° W., rare: June: Westmannad to 60° N. common at 63° N. 10° W.; rare; Disco, rare. July: 63°—65° N. 14°—24° W., rare; 58° N. 44°°W.,. rare; 78° N. O° W.—d° E. August:64° (Ne i21° Wes 60°.N2.3°-Wi3G62)N. 137 WoW On Greenland 66°—69° N. 55°-—53° W., everywhere rare; 80° —81° N. 19°—30° E., rare. 4°— 8° W.. as a-rule rare, but 57oON: 34°—42° Wo “as! arule ' Ostenfeld’s data used. DINOFLAGELLAT.2.—DINOPHYXIS a4 September: 65°—68° N. 55°—53° W., rare. 1899 May: 56° N. 1° W.*to59° UN. 2% W: June: Westmanna6é, common to rare; 62° N. 1° E.; 65° N. 10 feo NN. te i. July: 52° N. 54° W., not rare. September: 72° .N. 19° E. to :81° N..16° E,, as a rule rare, but common at 78° N. 12°.E.; 52° N: 55° W., not rare. Temperature: 3.9, mean of 21 obs., max. 9.3, min. — Ov». Salinity: 34.35, mean of 21 obs., max. 35.11, min. 32.03. Plankton-type. [| found this species in a sample from Jedo Bay, Japan. It is difficult to decide to what plankton-type this spe- cies belongs. It occurs at Spitzbergen among drift-ice and together with arctic forms, but on the other hand it has not been seen, as true arctic species, north of Iceland along east Greenland. — Ns? 7. ? DINOPYXIS COMPRESSA (bat.) (Eaucrella marina Scutrr D. Peridineen d. Plankton-exp. Pl. I fig. 1.) 1898 January: 7° N. 53°. W. March: 6° S.' 4°. W. July: / 31° No 3 aW. September: Azores; 56° N. 12° W.; 57° N. 14° W.; 60° N. 4° WW. October: Azores; 37° N. 27° W. November: 47° N. 41° W. 1899 April: 46° N. 13° W. Juney 152. S. 5° W.: 9° iN: 25°; Wez 27? Ne i25°.. W. Jtily: 12° N.. 2% We 38° oN. . 36° W.; ,30°--36°.,N. 40° We; 40° — 41° -N. 38°-=37° Wi: 48° N: 23°—-26?P Ww. August: 48° N. 17°-—20° W. Temperature: 20.6, mean of 26 obs., max. 27, min, 9. Salinity: 36.10, mean of 22 obs., max. 37.50, min. 39,19. Plankton-type: S. bo a aS 1899 1899 DINOFLAGELLAT A‘—DIPLOPSALIS DIPLOPSALIS LENTICULA Berau.' (Scuttr: D. Peridineen d. Plankton-exp. Pl. XV fig. 50. January: 16°—21° N. 18°—17° W.; 35° N. 74° W. February: Caribbean Sea; 34° N. 74° W. March: 16° N. 18° W.; 27° N. 16°°W.; 9°: N. 59° W.: Carib- bean Sea; 43° N. 48° W. April: 7°—10° N. 55°—53° W.; 40° N. 41° W. to 48° N. 29 WMO aac 2) aN May: 28° N. 45°—47° W.; 20° N. 60° W.; 41° N. 60° W. to 50° N. 14° W. June: 22° N. 60° W-: -area between 37°.N. 41° W., 48°_N. 33° W. and the Engl. Channel. July: 31° N. 38° W.; 41° N. 58° W.; Azores; Engl. Channel; 59° AN; S°RW Oto SoS > SNE 36> W. lA ye August: Caribbean Sea; Azores; 44° N. 43° W. to 40° NN 66° W.: 56° N, 28°—34° W.; -S. of Iceland; Far6ées; Shet- lands. September: 9° N. W. 25> UNE 42 We 26s oe Ws Azores; 40° N. 59° W. to 41° N: 65° W.; 50° N.'11° W. to 49° N. 3° W.: area between 56° N.''36° W., ‘57° N. 14° and the Shetlands; Farées; 63° N. 27° W. October: 41° N.‘67°—=592 W.: 55°— 56° 'N. 39°29" W'- S. of leeland to N. of Seotland. W. November: 22° N. 53° W.: 22° N. 43° W.- 41° N. 69° W. to 43° IN. DBo Wi SON. B62 177 We Sor tceland to othe Shetlands. December: 18°: Ni 67°" W= 19° N.<58° W.;" 25° N: Azores; 41° N. 66) WE: 62° NETO OW. January: '29°N- 16" W. to” 34° N.42° (WwW. February: 34° N. 40° W. March: 35° N. 16° W. April: 9° N. 59° W.; 32°—36° N. 75°—74° W. June ATS LO OW ee 1 aN AVG OZ GRIN RE Jiily dN Mal. IW. (G2 3N OR aE: August: 56° N.. 31° W. ' Ostenfeld’s data used. 52 WES ho —~ t DINOFLAGELLATA!—-GONIODOMA September: 56° N. 38° W. October: 56° N. 38° W. Temperature: 16.9, mean of 159 obs., max. 28, min. 4. Salinity: 35.67, mean of 137 obs., max. 37.14, min. 32.20. Plankton-type. Occurs in the Mediterranean the Pacific and Indian Ocean. It is rare in the Atlantic on the whole S. of 40° N. It occurs between 40° and 50°, across the Atlantic, from May to August, rarely later; between 55° and 60° in July to August, rarely later, and between 60° and 65° from August to November — S. GONIODOMA ACUMINATUM Svreiv.! (Scutrr D. Peridineen d. Plankton-exped. Pl. VIII fig. 30. — The var. armata Scutrr. not distinguished), 1898 January: 13° S. 35° W. to Cape Verde Islands; 7° N. 53° W. tO 48°..N, 6° W.;725°—3hb° Nz 74° Ww. February: 19°—21° N. 52°—50° W.; 30°-31° Nv.37°—35° W.; Caribbean Sea; 21° N. 74° W. to 34° N. 73° W. March: 3° N. 16° W.: 7° N.. 34° W.- 21° \N.- 209 Wissatea bet- ween 10° N. 53° W.; 45° N. 13° W.; 29° N. 45° W.; Carib- bean Sea; 28° N. 74° W. April: area between 10° N. 53° W., 14° N. 48° W., 41° N. 20° W. and 30° N. 24° W.: Caribbean Sea; 23°°N. 72° W. tO 27> N75? W.- 48° N= 30? WwW. May: area between 11° N. 52° W., 16° N. 58° W., 34° N. 40° W. and 32° N. 36° W.: Caribbean Sea; area between a2 N. 36° W.; 41° N. 54° W. ‘and’ 50° N. 14° W.: 60° N. 10° W. June: area between Porto Rico, 37° N. 41° W., 29° N. 36° W. and 23° N. 42° W.: Azores; 60° N. 8° W. July: 21° N. 18° W.; area between 26° N. 48° W., 44° N. 39° W. and 41° N. 17° W.: Caribbean Sea; 25°—33° N. 74° W.; ot Ne OU Wwe oo NN. 2Io——13> W. August: Caribbean Sea; 25°—34° N. 74°—73° W.; Azores; 40° N. 66° W. to 49° N. 14° W. September: 8°—12° N.. 25°—27° W.; 9° N. 53° W. to 17° N. * Ostenfeld’s and Murray's & Whitting’s data used. 24.6 DINOFLAGELLATA:—GONIODOMA 48° W.; Caribbean Sea; 20°+-37°:Ny.749. Ws 42° Ni57° W..: area between Madeira, the Azores and: 26° N. 30° Wis 46°— die NS de ae October? 21° 5, (360°. Wi, 30 32" “Nagar We ares 97 DRWNS Ovi—eor W.. November: area between Rio Janeiro, 24° N. 29° W and 9° S. 34° W.; Cape Verde Islands; 19° N. 58° W.; 26°—29° N. 48° = ey NNN We - D5 W.. 47° N. 41° W.. Azores. December: 14° 8. 36° W.; Cape. Verde Islands; ‘Canaries; Ca- ribbean Sea; ee N. 58° W. to 28° N. 47° W.: 34° N. 38° W. 1899 Januarys) 29> N: 16° Ws) to S52 4N.19> W.. Februar y: 32° N. 47°. W. March: 24° N. 40° W.; 35° N. 16° W. rid 419 ON BOS 15 Wee Noo WW to 30> NL 740 WW June: 19° = 12 Wi. to 9" 8. 2? WW: AlN OB AW Cto.SRaNn, 25° IW sh 18? Nal47PrWaytor 27°. N. 39° W.: 36°. No s0e we July: 11° ns N. 26°- 28° Wi 23°eN,.36° WW! Aor88° N. 39° W.: 32° Ny 41° W. August: 48° N, 11°—20° W. November: 51° 'N. 13° W: Temperature: 22.4, mean of 171 obs., max. 28.4, min. 11. Salinity: 35.08, mean of 136 obs., max. 37.63, min. 32.87. Plankton-type. | have seen this species in samples from the hed Sea and the Indian Ocean. ScuroperR mentions it from Naples. It occurs in the whole Atlantic, from 35° S. to 60° N. It appears between 40° and 50° N., in the eastern Atlantic, from the winter to September, in the western Atlantic from May to September (maxi- mum in August, when its area of distribution crosses the Atlantic from west to east). It reaches nearly 60° N. from May to October — D, S. GONIODOMA SPHARICUM Mcrr. & Wuirt.' (Trans Linn. Soc. 2 ser. Bot. Vol: V. part. 9 1899 Pl. XXVII f. 3.) 1897 August: 33° N. 35°—43° ee 1898 January: 35°—34° N. 30°—31° W. ' Murray’s and Whitting’s data used. DINOFLAGELLATA2—GONYAULAX February: 28°—25° N. 39°—44° W. March: 29°—31° N. 45°—42° W. August: 48° N. 24° W. Temperature: 19.1. (one observation), Salinity: 35.6; (one observation), Plankton-type: /). GONYAULAX GLYPTORHYNCHUS Murr. & Wuirr.' (Trans. Linn. Soc. 2 ser. Bot. Vol. V part 9. 1899 PI. XXVIII f. 3). 1897 April: 21°—18° N. 49°—53° W. December: 24°—25°N. 50°—ad1° W. 1898 January: 34°—32° N. 31°—34° W. February: 30° N. 74° W. March: 14°—16° N. 64°—68° W. and 29 30° N. 45°—-42° W. Temperature: 16.65 to 26.10. Plankton-type: J). GONYAULAX JOLLIFFEI (. Murray & WuittiNG.* Trans. Linn. Soc. London. 2 Ser. Bot. Vol. V part 9. p. 324 Pl. XXVIILF. 1. 1898 January: 32° N. 74° W. February: 28°—27° N. 29°—41° W.; Caribbean Sea. March: 12° N.'51° W. to 9° N. 58° W.; Caribbean Sea; area between 28° N. 38° W., 29° N. 45° W. and 39° N. 32° W. Mar aN 20 Ws to NE > We May: 30°—32° N. 44°—42° W.; 36°—38° N. 27°—21! W.; wo NASI W. June. 25° °N, D7 We do N. 48° "W. July: Caribbean Sea; 26° N. 48° W.; Azores. August: Caribbean Sea; Azores. September: Caribbean Sea; 42° N. 57° W.; Azores. October: 21° 5. 36° "W: December: 26° S. 45° W.; 14° S. 26° W.; Caribbean Sea. ‘ Murray's and Whilting’s data used. * Murray's & Whitting’s data used. 248 L899 1898 1899 DINOFLAGELLAT Ai —GON YAULAX ai ang 32° N. 46° W. March: 21°—24° April: 36° N. a W. June: 19°—7° 8. 1°—14° W.; 36° N. 30° W. July: 28° N. 40° W.; 43° N. 35° W. Temperature: 25.2, mean of 33 obs., max. 28.4, min. 17.2. Salinity: 36.17, mean of 28 obs., max. 37.41, min. 34.72. Plankton-type. Occurs at Naples (ScurépErR) — JD. GONYAULAX POLYGRAMMA Svrein.' (Scutrr. D. Peridineen d. Plankton-exped. Pl. VIII fig. 33). January: 9°—10° N. 26° Saas W.; Azores. February: 26°—34° N. 74°73? W. March: 25° N. 41° W.; 29° = 45° W. to 44° N. 19°-—17° W. April: Caribbean Sea; 19° N. 56° W. to the Azores; 50° N 12-8 aW.. May: Caribbean Sea; 22°—24° 30° -N. 44° W., 34° N. 40° between 44° N. 19° W., 4 60° N. 10° W. June: 25°—28° N.57°—5b3° Ws °47° NN. 17°—33°: W.' to'50°'N. 120 We GOP ON: 4° We July: Azores; 40° N. 57° W. 49° N. 27° W.; area. between 58° N. 36°—27° W. and 63°—64° N. 10° 23° W. August: Azores; 42° N. 62° W.; 48°—49° N. 23°—14° W.; 60° N. 3° W. tep64Ne 8™ IW. September: 32° N. 33° W.; Azores; 46°—47° N. 11°—9° W.; Shetlands; N. of Iceland, October: 57° N. 27°°W ito 59°uN; 242 W= GO°UN. 62. W. November: Azores; 60° N. 4° W. December: 26° S. 45° W. March: neares, April: 41° N: 18° W.; 44° N. 15°) W. May: 51° N., 26° Mee June: 9° N. 25° W.; 2 N. 39° W. D1° W.: area between W. and 34° N. 46° W.: area 5° ON. 43°. W., and 50? N- 14° W.: ' Murray's & Whitting’s and Ostenfeld’s data used. DINOFLAGELLATA!——GON YAULAX 249 a9 (W..5° 89°! N- bo ws July: 29° N. 41° W.; 45°—48° N. 31° and 31° W. August: 48° N. 17° w. Temperature: 17.14, mean of 57 obs., max. 27.1, min. 7. Salinity: 35.70, mean of 47 obs., max. 37.41, min. 33.7. Plankton-type. (Occurs in the Mediterranean, Pacific and Indian Ocean. — S (and J/).) GONYAULAX SPINIFERA (Crap & Lacuw.).! (Sremn: D. Org. d. Infus. P]. LV fig. 10—14). 1898 January: 37° N. 73° W. February: 34° N. ] March: 51> + 25° W. April: 59° N. 22° W. May: 57°- a N. 13°—36° W.; FirGes: June: S. and SE. of Iceland; between Iceland and the Fiirées: N. of Scotland; 57° N. 34°—38° W.; 40°—44° N. 9°—10° W.. 44° N. 16° W. July: 5S. of Iceland; between Iceland and the Fiirées; 58° N. 2736" 1 W.. August: S. coast of Iceland; Fiirée Channel ; S07 No 12 ie 48° N. 23° W.; 55° N. 41° W.; 54° N. 47° W.; 42° N. 62° W.; E. Greenland at 65° N.; W. ecntinad ieee: common. September: SW. of Iceland; Denmark’s Sound to E. Greenland at 65° N.; Farde Channel; 59° N. 1° W.; area between 53° N. 49° W., 56° N. 35° W. and 59° N. 34° W. October: area between 58° N. 35°—48° W. and 54°—5d° N. 49°-—39-W.; Fiirébe Channel. November: 53° N. 32° W.; 55°—50° N. 44° W. December: 47° N. 44° W.; 41° N. 66° W. ‘O° N. 69°—66° W. “We 2'6GOPAN. 4° Wis 58? N. 9° E: — 1899 January: May: 56° N June: 64° N, i. July: 57° N. 31° W.; 53° N. 42° W., common. ' Ostenfeld’s data used. 250 DINOFLAGELLAT4Z—GYMNASTER, HISTIONEIS August:,54° N. 34° (rare) to 48° W. (common). September: 56° N. 38° W. (rare) to 53° N./51°°W: (common). October: 54° N. 45° W., rare. November: 51° N. 28° W., not rare; 52° N. 48° W., not rare. Temperature: 8.5, mean of 15 obs., max. 12, min. 6. Salinity: 34.s0, mean of 15 obs., max. 35,63, min, 32.90. Plankton-type. The principal area of distribution is. between Scotland, Ieeland and the Newfoundland Banks. Scur6pER mentions it from Naples — WN’. GYMNASTER PENTASTERIAS (Kus.). (Scutrr: D. Peridinéen d. Plankton-exped. Pl. XXVII. fig. 100. 1898 November: 56° N. 35° W. 1899 January: 45° N. 49° W. Temperature: 7.s to 12. Salinity: 39.00 tO 3D.54: Plankton-type: S °. HISTIONEIS MAGNIFICA (Srery).' (Ornithocercus magnificus Svein D. Org. d. Infus. Pl. XXIIT fig. 6). 1897. December: and 1898 January: area between 12° 5. 34° W., 20° N. 18° W., the Azores and 10° N.. 83° ‘W.; 29°—35b° N. 74° W. February: 31° N. 35° W. to 19° N. 52° W.; whole Caribbean Sea; Bahamas to 34° N. 73° W. March: area between 6° S. 4° W., 41° N. 22° W. and 9° N. 59° W.;.Caribbean Sea; 28°—32° N. 74° -W. April: 41° N. 20° W. to 7°.N. 55° W. and’ 14°-N.-58° W.; Caribbean. Sea; 31° N. 75° W. May: 43°—44° N. .23°—27° W.; Azores; 42° N. 45° W. to 41° N. 65° W.; area between 32°--33°.N. 36°—40° W., 29°__93°.N.)'53°—45° W. and 11° N. 53° W.; Caribbean Sea; ' Murray’s and Whitting’s data used. re ‘ DINOFLAGELLAT A—HISTIONEIS DH June: area between 10° N. 52° W., Madeira, 40° N. 37° W. and Porto Rico. July: area between the Azores; 41° N.-58° W., 33° N. Wivrand sid? “N.. 24° WV, August: 14° N. 70° W. to 34° N: 73° W.; 40° N. 59° W. to 45° N. 43° W.: Azores. ; September: 5. af Cape Verde. Islands; sparingly from 9, N. 58° W. to the Azores; 20°—88° N. 74° «W. October: 21° S. 36° W.;Caribbean Sea; 34° N. 74° W.; Azores. November: 26°—24° S. 30°—29° W.; 13° S. 27° W. to 0° S. oa Wee TG ANS D7” Wi Ae Nn Od ® Water cia ieee We Azores to 34° N. 10° W. oo December: 26° S. 45° W.; 18° N. 67° W.:.to 25° N...52° W.; 34° N. 38° W.; area between the Azores, Gibraltar and the Canaries. 1899 January: area between the Canaries, Madeira and Gibraltar. March: 21°—24°. N. 43°—40° W.; 35° N. 16° W. April: 32°—a36° N. 7a°—74°-W, May; 20°—25° 5. 97°" 36° NL 75°. W. June: WIP Ss. 22 W.. tam G2iiNet25° (Wi; 24° Ne 41% Wee 28 Ne 39° W. July: 11°—12° N. 26°—-27° W); 32° °N. 41° W. ‘to’ 40° 'N. 38° W. ~I — Temperature: 22.s, mean of 150 obs., max. 28, min. 17. Salinity: 36.12, mean of 120 obs., max. 37.63, min. 33.20. Plankton-type. ‘This species is one of the most characte- ristic organisms of the Desmo-plankton. ‘It occurs outside the Atlantic in the Adriatic, Mediterranean, Red Sea, Indian and Pacific. In the Atlantic the area ‘of distribution is the tropical and subtropical region, between Africa and America, at least from 29° 8. to the Azores, where it occurs the whole: year. The northern limit in the west is during the the winter about 35° N. The northern’ limit advanced in May beyond 40° N. nearly to 45°, but in September it had retired below 40°, but on the other hand the area of distribution moved November—January towards the Canaries and Gibraltar. — D. 2d2 DINOFLAGELLATA:—HISTIONEIS HISTIONEIS PARA Murr. & Wuirt.! (Frans. Linn. Soc. 2 Ser. Bot. V. part. 9. 1899 Pl. XXXII fig. 4.) 1897 December: 24° N. 50°—d1° W. 1898 January: 32°—33° N. 34°—31° W. February: 25°—27° N. 44°—41° W. March: ‘24° N: 41° W. to 29°—31° N- 45°—42° W, * Temperature: 21.5 (one obs.). Salinity: 37.22 (one obs.). Plankton-type: 1). HISTIONEIS SPLENDIDUS (Scuirr).' (Ornithocercus spendidus Scutrr D, Peridineen d. Plankton-exped. Pl. V. fig. 23.) 1898 Februar y: at N. 30° (We tod Oo ols 52° We March: . 45°—42° W. April: 97° ce 745 W. | May: 41° .N. 51° W. July: 41° N. 58° W. September: 41° N, 65° W. October; 21°. S...36° W. November: 4° N. 30° W.; 34° December: Canaries; 22°—25° N. 56 1899 January: 35° ‘N. bit aw February: 32 > N. 47°—40° W. May: 355 iN; ae - 36° N. 10°—14° W.; Azores. 52° iW Ba aN. 382 We, Temperature: 21.5, mean of 24 obs., max. 27.2, min. 16.s. Salinity: 36.21, mean of 16 obs., max. 37.21, min. 33.38. Plankton-type: J). ' Murray’s & Whitting’s data used. DINOFLAGELLAT A’—OXYTOXUM 25: OXYTOXUM CONSTRICTUM (Sreiy).' (Pyrgidium constr. Sreix. D. Org. d. Infus. Pl. V. fig. 15—18.) 1898 January: 36° N. 30° W. February: 34° N. 31° W. to 27° N. 41° W. March: 30° N. 44° W.; 44 é April: 29° N. 38° W. to 22 N: 56° W. May: 44° N. 20° W. to 33° N. 42° W. 1899 July: 28° N. 40° W., very rare. £72 Wis 199 NN: 52S We to. 16 Temperature: 21.3, mean of 22 obs., max. 27.2, min. 12.2 (Murray's and Whitting’s data). Salinity: 37.10 (one obs. only). Plankton-type. Noted from the Mediterranean. — 1). OXYTOXUM CRIBROSUM Svreiy. D. Org. d. Infus. Pl. V fig. 4. 1898 August: Azores, very rare. Temperature: 21.2. Salinity: 36.25. Plankton-type: J). ” ¢OXYTOXUM DIPLOCONUS Svein.” (Scutrr: D. Peridineen d. Plankton-exp. Pl. XVIL fig. 54. 1898 February: 27°-—28° N. 41°—39° W. March: 34°—39° 'N. 39°—32°" W. September: 47° N. 9° W. October: 57° N. 27° W. and 61° N. 6& W. November: 36° N: 14° W: and 49° N. 12° W. December: 50° N. 9° W. ' Murray’s & Whitting’s data used. * Ostenfeld’s and Murray's & Whitting’s data used. 2d4 1899 1898 1898 DINOFLAGELLATA!—OX¥TOXUM, April: 46° N., 13° W.-and+32°:N:, 75° W. July: 41° N. 37° W. November: 51° N. 13° W., very rare. Tempenehare: 16.6, mean of 14 obs., max. 24.4, min. 9.5. Salinity: 3578s, mean of 9 obs., max. 36.54, min 35.11. Fianieniints S. OXYTOXUM SCEPTRUM (Srein.)! (Pyrgidium se. D. Org. d. Infus. Pl. V fig. 19—21.) April: 36°—32° N. 28°—-34° W.;' 26°—27° N. 43°-=47° WwW.’ May: 44°-—47° N. 19°—13° W. June: 34° (N.''46° W. Temperature: 18.s, mean of 4 obs., max. 23.2, min. 13.6. Salinity: 36.1s (one obs.). Plankton-type. Noted from the Mediterranean. — D. OXYTOXUM SCOLOPAX (Steiy).! (Scutrr: D. Peridineen d. Plankton-exp. Pl. XVIII fig. 58.) January: 32° N. 34° W.; Azores. February: 19°—21° N. 52°—d0° W.; Caribbean Sea; 27°—31° N, 41°—35° W. March: Caribbean Seay 29° N. 45° W. <41°—45° N. 21°— 19° W. Aprile 41° Ne 20% W.-te ee N. 66 W. May: Caribbean Sea; 16° WetorA7o Ne 138° Wis 45° N. we OW: 50° . 14° W. June: B40 N./AT° W.; B7° N, 26° W489 N- B30. W550? N. 18° W. | | , July: round the Azores; 48° N. 31° W.; 42° N. 51° W. August: across the Atlantic, between 40° and 50° N., from 49° \N.- 14% W. to 42° N. 62° W. ' Murray's & Whitting’s data used. 1899 DINOFLAGELLAT.E+—OXYTOXUM 2d) September: 47° N. 9° W. April:.41° N. 17° W.,to, 46° .N. 13° W. dune: 20° S. 1° E. to 14°85, 6 W. July ;.15% N. 29° W.; 438° N.:35 W:, 48° N. 23° W. November: 51° N. 34° W. Temperature: 18.;, mean of 31 obs., max. 26.1, min, 10.s. Salinity: 35.69, mean of 26 obs., max. 36.68, min. 52.96. Plankton-type. This species occurs in the Mediterranean, Pa- cific and Indian Ocean. To judge from my own obstervations, it is a typical Styli-plankton-form, but Murray's and Wuirtina’s data point more to the conclusion that it belongs to the Desmo-plankton. It occurs in the Atlantic at least from 20° S., but scarcely passes beyond 50° N. — S. (JD. ?.) 1897 1898 1899 OXYTOXUM TESSELATUM (Sre1y).' (Scutrr: D. Peridineen d. Plankton-exp. Pl. XVII fig. 52.) September: 30° N. 39° W. October: 28°—31° N.: 45°—42° W. November: 24° N. 45° W. December: 15°—16° N. 78°—77° W. January: 38° N. 25° W. to 32° N. 34° W. February: 27°—25° N. 41°—44° W. and 21°—19° N. 50° 52° W. . March: 29°—31° N. 43°—42° W.. and 34°—39° N. 39°--32° W. August: 49° N.. 20° W. March: 46° N. 11° W. July: 48° N. 25° W. Temperature: 15.5 to 27.20 (exceptionally 12). Salinity: 55.17 to 39.71. Plankton-type. Occurs in the Mediterranean and Indian Ocean, ‘ Murray's & Whitting’s data used. 256 DINOFLAGELLATA.— PERIDINIUM PERIDINIUM BLACKMANI Murr. & Wauirt.! (Trans. Linn. Soc. London. 2 Ser. Bot. Vol. V part. 9. Pl. XXIX fig. 6, 1899.) 1897 December: Caribbean Sea. 1898 January: 7° N. 54° W. April: 16°—22° N. 55°—47° W. JUG 42a Ae WV, Jtilie. 153. TAGs Wi: October: 30° N. 74° W. December; 18° N. 67° W. Temperature: 25 to 27.2. Salinity: 35.70 to 36.92 (exceptionally 34.ss). Plankton-type. This species occurs at all seasons in the western tropical Atlantic, in the Equatorial Current N. of S. America, in the Caribbean Sea and the Antilles Current, from 7° to 30° N. — J. PERIDINIUM CATENATUM Levanner. (Acta Soc. p. Fauna & Flora Fennica IX n. 10 1894.) 1899 walye* 80° 2N, 16° K, September : 73°—80° N. 18°—13° E. Temperature: — 0.30 to 6.s0. Salinity: 34.22—34.ss (exceptionally 25.36). Plankton-type. This small and characteristic species occurs in the Baltic (Bay of Finland and at Roslagen). Poucuer (Journ. de lanatom. et de physiolog. Vol. XIX, 1883. pag. 441 fig. 36) has re- presented a form the French coast, that seems to be the same as P. catenatum, which thus probably occurs so far south. VANHOFFEN found /?. catenatum in Davis's Strait (May and September 1893). — Ng. * Murray’s and Whitting’s data used. DINOFLAGELLAT.E—PERIDINIUM 257 PERIDINIUM DEPRESSUM Batr.' (Smiths. Contrib. 1853 Vol. VIL pag. 12 fig. 33, 34. — Perid. div. v. obliqua Aur. March: XN. of Scotland; S. of Iceland; W. of Norway, 58° N. 6° E.; 41° N. 60° W. April: W..and S. of Iceland; Firée Channel; 59° N.. 28°— 0" Weed IN. D2”. WW, May: 5. Iceland to Rockall (maximum at 59°—61°N.), to the Shetlands and E. Scotland; 57°—61° N. 20°—49° W.; 58 R 5- Eto. 60° N. 8° E.; 42° Nu 40° We. tor40? Nov Zee wee Sune: SW. and S$. of Iceland to the Fiirées (not rare) and the Shetlands; 62° Ne: 2% E:ctow69% Ni 45% E.; 71°—72° N —23° E.; 57° N. 34—46° W.; 63°—69° N. 55° W.; 40 N. 9° W. July: vound Iceland to the Fiirées (common), the Shetlands, 62° N. 3° W. and 59° N. 2° E.;//699 N. 1372-149 BS160° WN. 17° W. to the south of Greenland, where abundant. August: N., S. and E. of Iceland to the Fiirées and the S. of the Shetlands (maximum); 62° N. 53° W. to Diseo; 80°— Sli Ne 102192 EE September: N. and 8S. of Iceland; Fiirées; Fiirée Channel; S. of the Shetlands; between Norway and Spitzbergen; E. Greenland (65° N.); 58° N. 39° W.; SW. of Cape Farewell (maximum) to Disco, along 55° W. October: 5S. Iceland to the Fiirées; 58° N. 47° W. to 62° N. D6° W. November: S. Iceland; Fiirées; 47° N. 41° W. to 40° N. 67° W. December: Fiirées;, 48° N. 40° W. to 43° .N. 61° W. 1899 January: 48° N. 39° W.; 43° N. 57° W.; 40° N. 66° W. March: 66° N. 14° W. April: 36° N. 74° W. May: Fiarées, rare; 60° N; 2°—3° W.; 62° N. 2° E.. to\56° N. 1° E., as a rule common; 48° N. 45° W. (rare) to’ 47° N. a7- W. (common). June: along the coast of Norway, from 62° N. 2° E. to 70° N, 20° E., thence to Beeren Island, more or less searee. . 21° 44 ‘ Ostenfeld’s data used. 258 DINOFLAGELLAT.--—PERIDINIUM villas TT a2 K. to-78" N:.'\b3" El common iat 7a° N. 49° E.; Dt? 47° W. to 52° N: 54° W., rare. August: 72° N. 26° Ey to, 78°, No 4700. asa rule not rare: September: 79° N. 11° E. to 73° N. 18° E., rare to common; 67°-N/ 3", Wit ton61°..N. (1° _E.,. rare 53° N.. 52° Waiirare, November: 52° N. 48° W., rare. Temperature: 8.2, mean of 15 obs., max. 12, min. 3. (only such samples calculated as contained this species abundantly). Salinity: 34.33, mean of 15 obs., max. 35.36, min. 32.27. Plankton-type. Occurs in the Bering Sea. — 7. and Ng. PERIDINIUM DIABOLUS (x. (K. Sv. Vet. Akad. Hand]. Vol. XXXIV n. 1 Pl. VII fig. 19, 20. Se. 1898 January: 11°—16° N. 20°—18° W. March: 21° N. 18° W. May: 41° N. 51° W. June : 40°—44° N! 9°—10° W. September: Azores. May» 35° N75. W. Temperature: 14.5 to 24. Salinity: 36 to 36.40. Plankton-type. This species occurs in the Indian Ocean. It belongs in the Atlantic to the Styli-plankton of the eastern tropical or subtropical region. — S, PERIDINIUM DIVERGENS Eue.' (Scutrr: D. Peridineen d. Plankton-exp. Pl. XIII fig. 43.) 1898 -January: 8° N. 21° W. to 12° N. 19° W.;.24°'N. 40° W. February: Caribbean Sea; 21°—26° N. 74° W. March’? '2° N.. 24° W. to. 182 NO 19° OW! 8 729N- 55° W.:.. Ca- ribbean Sea:-33° N. 232°) W. April: 47° NS 40° W.; °89°'N. 22°° Wi; 60° Ni 4° Wis 64° N. 23°) "W. ' Ostenfeld’s, but not Murray’s & Whitting’s data used. DINOFLAGELLAT.&—PERIDINIUM 259 May: 60° N. 4° W. to 59° N. 23° W:; 63° N. 10° W. to 64 N. 23° W.; 66° N. 9° E. June: 29° N. 36° W.; 44° N. 16° W.; 40°—44° N. 10°—9° W.; 57° N. 38° W.: 63° N. 19°. W.. to 60° N. 4° W. July: Azores; 31° N. 39° W. to 21° N. 58° W.,, sparingly ; 95°- -38°.N. 74° W.: 41° N. 58° W.; area between 58° N. 33° W., S. Iceland and N. Scotland. August: 30°—38° N. 74°—73° W.; 40°—41° N. 66°—d7° W.; area between the Azores, 56° N, 13° W., 45° N. 40° W. and d6° N. 33° W.; area between the Shetlands, 63° N. 10 W....and ..63°.N:,.21° W.; E: Greenland at.65° N:; 78°.N: 12° September: 8° N. 25° W.; Azores to 26° N. 39° W., sparingly ; 46°.N. 11° W.; 47° N. 9° W. to 49° N. 3° W.; area between D6° N. 36° W.. S. Ieeland, the Shetlands and 56° N. 13° W.; ho> NL 271. to Goo Ny 36°. W.s) 70? 22 nto: 73- Ne 19° K. October: Azores: area between 58° N. 32° W., 59° N. 3° W. and 63° N. 16° W. November: 18° S. 31° W.. 29° N. 43° W.; 41° N. 68° W. to 42° N. 64° W.- 56° N. 36°—17° W.; S. Iceland to the Shet- lands. December: Caribbean Sea: 19° N. 58° W.; 25° N. 52° W.; 34° N. 38° W.: Azores; Canaries; 41°—43° N. 66°—ad7° W.,; G2°eN. 10° W. 1899 January: 32° N, 16° W., 35° N. 9" W. March: 10° N. 20° W.. 14° N. 50° W.; 24° N. 40° W.; Azores; Bo” No Le” W- April: area between 37° N. 9° W., 41° N. 17° W. and 46° N. Pew - 32°"N; Fo" W. May: 57° N. 3° E. Jae 20? Si Es 67 5. 16°) W.F 20 N- W.: Azores: 62° N. 2° E. to 67° N. 11 July: 11°—12° N. 26°—27° W.; 38 N 23° W., August: 48° N. 20° W. ‘to 49°. N. 11° Wy, 55°.N..95-W. to g6° N.i:31°.. We September: 72° N. 19° E.; 56° N. 17e5=SS W. 260 DINOFLAGELLAT At‘—PERIDINIUM October: 52° N. 21° W;, November: 51° N. 13 and 28° W. Temperature: 15.4, mean of .77 obs., max. 28, min. 6.5. Salinity: 35.37, mean of 73 obs., max. 37.50, min. 31,69. Plankton-type. ‘The typical Perid. divergens occurs in the Mediterranean, the Red Sea, Indian Ocean and in the whole tropical! and temperate Atlantic, but is rather rare in the Sargasso Sea and Florida Current. Its principal area of distribution is between the Azores and Iceland to Scotland, whence it enters the North Sea and the Skagerak and follows the coasts of Norway towards Spitz- bergen, thus from 20° 5. to 78° N. It enters, as a constant, but scarce constituent, the Tripos-plankton of the North Sea. — S. (1). PERIDINIUM (DIVERGENS VAR.) ELEGANS (1. (K. Vet. Akad. Hand]. Vol. XXXIV n. 1 Pl. VII fig. 15, 16.) 1898 January: 12°.N. 50° W.; 32°.N. 74° W. March: 4° S. 10° W.:°7° N. 17°. Wey OuN. 59% Wi May: area betweeen 23° N. 40° W., 29° N..39° W. and 28° N. 47° W. Jumer 19°. N: 63° W:: ot N. 20 Weo20" ON. CS6 cova July: 21° N. 58° W.; 33° N.. 74° W.; 41°—42° N. 58°—48° W. August: ( Caribbean eae a4 'N. 73- W.; 40° N. 66° W.. to 44° N. 42° W. September: 9° N..)3°. W.; 20° N..,74° W.; 41° N. 65° W Octoper: 217 3S. Bby. W526 Ne 7G Was aan Ogee 2 WL, Noteniber: 8° N. 28° W:, 26° N. 48° Wie 422°°.N. 647° We to 7° N. 41° W.:) 36° N. 14° -W.-; Canaries. December: 18°°N. 67° W. 1899 January: 34° N. 12° W. March: 21° N. 43 April: ao No 74° WW: May: 3p° N. 70° W, July: 11°—12° N. 26°—27° W. LS oo ts) Temperature: 23.s, mean of 45 obs., max. 28.:, min. 10. Salinity: 35.s1, mean of 40 obs., max. 37.28, min. 32.87. Plankton-type. Occurs in the Indian Ocean. — JD. DINOFLAGELLATA&—PERIDINTIUM 261 PERIDINIUM EXIGUUM (. ‘Kongl. Vet. Akad. Handl. Vol. XXXIV n. 1 Pl. VIII fig. 5.) 1299 cAwgust: Azores, very rare. Temperature: 21.2. Salinity: 56.25. Plankton-type. My specimens were found in Styli-plankton, contamineted by some Desmo-plankton. PERIDINIUM GLOBULUS Svrin.' Scutrr: D. Peridineen d. Plankton-exp. Pl. XV fig. 48.) 1898 January: 11° N. 20° W. to 21° N. 17°-W. and the Azores.; 14° N.49°° We: 299--35° N. 74° W. February: 21°—19° N. 50°—52° W.; Caribbean Sea; 21°— 34° N.74°—73° W. March: 11°—16° N. 19°—17° W.; Azores to 45° N. 19° W. and tg)297 - NP 5OCW UO? Ne 3") W yO OW April: area between 10° N: 53° W., 19° N. 52° W. and 16° N. 56° W.- Caribbean Sea‘ 29° N. 38° W. to 41° N. 20° W. May: 6° N. 56° W.; Caribbean Sea; 20° N. 60° W. to 22°- BAO NL. 53°—51° IW.31.31°=-34°. Ni 44°-_40° W3> “area het ween. 382 -N. 221° Wain 47° WN. 13° W.1'49° N. 22° W. and ats D1 Wags 7" NS 28 WW. June: 48° N, 33° W.; 60° N. 4° W. July: 31° N. 39° W.; Azores; 41 42° N. 58°—48° W.- d8° N. 367.W ./tos60° N, 23°. W. and 59° N, 13° W. August: Azores; 49° N. 20° W.; SW. of. Iceland; 40°—41° N. 59°—p0" -W, September: Azores; 46° N. 11° W.; area between 60° N. 4°— 21° W. and 63° N. 25° W., thence across Denmark’s Sound to E. Greenland, at 65° N. 36° W. October: 59° N. 3° W. to 58° N. 32° W.: S. of Iceland. Navember: 5° S. 84° W.: 13° N. 27° W.: 50° N. 20° W.: . Caribbean Sea; 32° N. | * Murray s & Whitting’s and Ostenfeld’s data used. 262 DINOFLAGELLATA— PERIDINIUM 40° IN 67°. Wis 480 NBT IAW 46" UN el WY Se Sor ee land to the Fiirées and 60° N. 4 W. 1899 January: off Gibraltar; Canaries. February: 32° N. 46° W. March: Azores. April: 42°—44° N. 18°—1a° W. June Ath? Gs: Te b aw. July: 11° N. 26° W. to 23° N. 36° W.; area between, 38°— 4()° «N. 39°38" "W.rand 4457 N. 31° Ww. September: 56° N. 33° W. : October: 56° N. 38° W. Temperature: 20.s, mean of 69 obs., max. 27.3, min. 8.1. Salinity: 35.53, mean of 50 obs., max. 38.54, min. 33.ss. Plankton-type. I have found this species in samples from the Red Sea. It enters the Atlantic W. of 5S.. Africa, occurs rarely in the Brazil current, in the spring N. of S. America, in the Carib- bean Sea and the Florida Current, but is less abundant in the western than in the eastern Atlantic, where it spreads from the Cape Verde Islands towards the Azores. In May—July it occurred be- tween 40° and 50° N., extended in July to 60° N., in August to Ice- land and in September to E. Greenland. It has been seen only SS. rarely in the northern and southern parts of the Sargasso Sea PERIDINIUM HINDMARCHII Murr. & Wuirt.! Trans Linn. Soc. London 2:nd. Ser. Bot. Vol. V part. 9 Pl. XXIX fig. 1.) 1897 December: 29° N. 36° W:, very rare; ‘24°: N. 50°—51° W.; Caribbean Sea. 1898 March: 34°-—39° N. 39°—32° W.: Caribbean Sea. April: 22°—19° N. 47°—60° W.; 19°—16° N. 50°—d6° W. Temperature: 25.1, mean of 12 obs., max. 27.2, min. 15.6. Plankton-type: /J/). * Murray’s & Whitting’s data used. 1898 January: DINOFLAGELLAT-2—PERIDINIUM 265 PERIDINIUM MICHAELIS Hun.' ‘Scnorr: D. Peridineen d. Plankton-exp. Pl. XIV fig. 46, 15°—-21° N. .48°-=17° W., 44°°N. 17 We. February: 27°.N. 41° W. to 34 N. 31° W. (Murr. & Whitt.). March: 7° N. 3d° W.; Caribbean Sea; 34° N, 39 W. to 34° N. Roo Wea DION SW. tor eceune 16. Ws 2a; Q: 21° W. April: 10° N. 53° W.; Caribbean Sea; Azores to 41° N. 21° W.; 442 N. 45° W. to 48° N. 30° W.; area between 29° N. 829 W. 16° N. 56° W. and 26° N. 49° W. (Murr. & Whitt.). May: 41° N. 65° W. to 50 Ny 219) Wi63° Ni Ase Woe iG: 90° N. 58°—54° W. (Murr. & Whitt.); 33°—34° N,, 42°— 40° W. (Murr. & Whitt.). Toneasic. Ne 17° W.: }42° N. 9°..W,; Azores; 44. N. 26° W.; 48° N, 33° W.; 60° N. 4° W.; 62° N. 14° W.; Westmanna b. July: Azores; 49° N. 22° W.; 40 N. "69°60" W3 DS" She 39° W.: 60° N. 23° W.; Firées; Shetlands. 48° N. 23° W.: 41° N. 50° W.; Disco, abun- ») oO oy oo August: Azores; 4 dantly; 60° N. 23°\ i September: Azores, 4: 95° W.; W. Greenland (65°—69 N. 55 V.. 66° N. 17° W.; Shetlands. 1° N. 58° W.. 46° N. 11° W.; Shetlands; Fiirjes; 63° N. ~— 53° W’.). October: Azores; Shetlands, November: 9° S. 34° W.;' 4 N.. 80° W.: 13° N. 27° W.; Ca- naries: Azores: Shetlands; 48° N. 41° W. December: Azores. 1899 January: Canaries; 35” N. 66> W. March: Azores, April: area between 41°—-42 TSO May: 50° N. 39°--33° W.; 58 N. 9° Win 61° N.: 52M Funes 20°%S. 1° Bie 5°°S: 17° We; 1°.N hs July: 12°—15° N. 27°—29 W.: 38° N. 39° W. ito 48° N. 25°) W. August: 48°—49° N. 20°—11°, W. 9° Wiz 48° N. 39° W.5'40° N. Ny 178-218? We rand, 467) N.- ! Murray's & Whitting’s and Ostenfeld’s data used. 264 DINOFLAGELLAT.E PERIDINIUM September: 73° N. 19° E. to Bereen Island and the W, of Spitzbergen to 80° N. 13° E. November: 51° N. 13° W.; 52° N. 48° W. Temperature: 16.:, mean of 14 obs., max. 22.2, min. 6.3 (no data relating to a rare occurrence of this species used). Salinity : 35.59, mean of 12 obs., max. 36.47, min. 32.90. Plankton-type. According to my notes and OstrENFreLp’s data this species is a typical Styliplankton-form with essentially eastern distribution. It has been seen only rarely along the N. coast of 5. America and not in the Florida Current. It enters the Atlantic west of S. Africa, spreads from the Cape Verde Islands to the Azores and occurs in May across the Atlantic between 40° and 50° N. It was seen in June between the Shetlands and Iceland, in August at W. Greenland and in September (1899) W. of Spitzbergen. | have never found it in any collection from the Sargasso Sea, but Murray & Wuittinc mention it from that region. — S. PERIDINIUM OCEANICUM Vanu6rren. (D. Flora u. Fauna Grénlands Pl. V. fig. 2. 1897. P. divergens car oblique AuRI. 1898 P. diverqens var. Scutrr D. Peridineen d. Plankton-expedition Pl. NII fig. 44.) 1898: January: 7° N. 53° \W.;..21° No V7° OW. March: 18° N. 18° W. to 25° N. 16° W.; Azores 41°—43° N. 56°—48°W pri: 41° N. 190° WE SOP NL O°OW | 42% dae Niki Farées: 58°—59° N, 22°-——50° W.- 62° N. 50°. Ww: May: Azores to 41° N. 16° W.; across the whole Atlantic, between 40°—50° N., from 42° N. 61° W. to 50° N. 14° W.; b8onN. 45°. Werte: GO? 'N.31° W.; "G1S).N. 20% W. June: 19° N. 63° W.: area between the Azores, Lissabon, Cape Finisterre and 45° N. 26° W.; 42° N. 50°? W.; 48° N. Bo LW July: Azores; 42° N. 48° W.; 49° N. 22° W.: 58° Ne 44° W. to-60° N.. 27° Ws 63°" N14 OW. 45° W.; 1 Ostenfeld’s data used. DINOFLAGELLAT.E—PERIDINIU M 265 August: Azores; 41° N. 50° W.; 50°—49° N. 10°—14° W.- 55 —b4° N. 41°—47° W.;..60° N.,.3°. W..to.63° N. 15° W. September: Azores; 56° N. 28° W. to 55° N. 43° W.: area between the Shetlands, 60° N. 10° W. and 63° N. 7° W:: 62° N.. 21° W.; 65° N. 36° W.; 59° N. .34°..W.. to) 58°. N. 39° W.: 60°.N..55° W. October: Shetlands to 63° N. 14° W. and. 60°. N. 10° W.: a9°N. 21° W. to. 58° .N. 48° W. November: Shetlands to 63° N. 13° W.; 56° N. 22°—29° W.: d27/N.., 385.W.;, 53° N.. 5Q° W,: 42° .N. 64°. .W. to.40° N. Ga iy December: . 22° N.. 56° W.; Azores (common); 41° N. 66° W. to, 62° N. 10° W. (very rare). 1899 January: 41° N. 69° W. February: 32° N. 47° W. March: 46°—37° N. 29°—26° W.; 64° N. 12° W. April: 32° N. 75° W,. May: 50° N. 33°—39° W.; 35° N. 75° W. June: 21°. N, 45° W. Sig) DB 23°, Wes ba Ny 31° W. August; 5a> N.. 26° W256 N, 38° -W. September: 56° N. 30° W. to 54° N. 40° W., as a rule common. October: area between 56° N. 23°—38° W. and 53° N, 25° — 37- W., common in the west. November: 51°.N. 28°. W., not. rare. Temperature: 12.9, mean of 32 obs., max. 22, min. 3. (no ob- servations relating to a rare occurence considered). Salinity: 35.45, mean of 28 obs., max. 36.25, min. 34.16. Plankton-type, This species occurs in the Red Sea and the Indian Ocean. It is a typical Styliplankton-form, with essentially eastern distribution, occurring only rarely North of S. America, in the Caribbean Sea and the Florida Current. The principal area of distribution is from the Azores northwards, in May between 40° and 50° N., across the whole Atlantic, in July round the S. end of Green- land, in October from the Shetlands across the Irminger Sea and into Davis’s Strait. It appeared in November north and south of the Newfoundland Banks — S. 266 DINOFLAGELLAT.2—DERIDINIUM PERIDINIUM OVATUM (Poucuer).' (Scutrr. D, Peridineen d. Plankton-exped. Pl. XVI). 1898 April: 39° N.'74° W. May: 72° N. 13° W.; 5. of Iceland; Farée*Channel; N. of Scotland; Shetlands to Norway; 62° N. 4° E. to 66° N. 9° E.: S. of Iceland and N. of Rockall to 28° W.; SW. of Green- land* 0° )AN, 22° W: June: N. and S. of Iceland; 57° N. 34°—38° W:; W. of Green- land, 63°—66° N. 56°—5d5° W.; 67°—68° N. 10°—13° E.; SW. of Spitzbergen; W. of Portugal; 40°—42° N. 10°—9° W. July: N. and 8. of Iceland; N. of the Firées; S. of the Shet- Jands; 59° N. 21° W. towards Cape Farewell; 78° N. 1° E. 3° W. (deep sea hauls Auriy.). August: SW. and 5. of Iceland; Fiirée Channel; Irish Channel; SW. and N. of Spitzbergen; E. of Greenland (65° N.); 52° N. ba? W: September: N. and 8. of Iceland; between Iceland, the Fiarées and Rockall: "S. of the Fardes: 65°=-66° N. 36°==31° W.: a6° N. 3d° W.; from Cape Farewell to Disco; Beeren Is- land; Spitzbergen. October: S. Iceland to the-Fiirées; SW. of Cape Farewell. November: S. of Iceland: 51° N7 20" W 477 No at W2it0 45° N. 52° W. December: 63° N. “19°21? "W.) "42° N.Y aGe OW 'to "43° YN, Ol W: 1899 January :'45°°N. 49° W.; 40° N. 66° "W. April: 46° N.-13s W. May: N. and S. of Iceland; between Iceland and the Firoées; 62° No 7° W. (rare) “to O9"° UN. 2° “Ws (common) thence. to D6" N. 1° W. (very common). June: Westmanna 6, rare; 62° N. 1°—2° E., rare; 64° N. 7° E. to 72° N. 19° E. (common to rare), thence to Spitzbergen, 78° N. 12° E., at several points common. July: 78°—80° N. 11°—14° E., more or less common; 71° N. Sei rare: Tere iN eet aoe” We rare oy ere ee ' Ostenfeld’s data used. DINOFLAGELLAT.7: PERIDINIUM August; 71°, N, ,20°—23° W,,, rare; 73° N.. 31°. E. 41° KE, September: 61° N. 1° E., rare (haul from 100 m.); 78° N. 12 K. to 74° N. 18° E.. rare to common: 51° N. 28° W.. rare. Temperature: 6.1, mean of 12 obs., max. 14.8, min. 2.1 (only such samples as contained this species abundantly have been consi- dered). Salinity: 34.06, mean of 11 obs., max. 34.383, min. 32.25. Plankton-type: 7. (Vs). PERIDINIUM PALLIDUM Osvr.! (lakttagelser over overfladsvandets temperatur, saltholdighet og plankton paa islandske og grénlandske skibsrouter i 1898 pag. 60 K. Sy. Vet. Akad. Handl. Vol. AAV we of PY. VIL fig. 21, 22.) 1898 April: S. of Iceland; 59° N. 10° W. to 59° N. 22° W.; 39° N. 74° W., not rare. May: 5S. of Iceland; 59°—61° N. June-S. 2° == 28° W. Iceland to Scotland and to the Fiirées and the Shet- lands; 57° N. 34°—38° W.; 63°—66° N. 56°—5d5° W. July: S. Iceland to the Fiirées and Scotland; 60° N. 17° W. to S. of Cape Farewell. August: round Iceland; Iceland to Scotland and to E. Green- land (65° N.); 62°—66° N. 56°—5b° W.; 48° N. 24° W. September: N, and 8. - the Farées; 59°. N. 1° W.; S. Iceland to E. Greenland; 39 0 dO” W. to Disco. October: S. of oa . of the Far6es; 62° N. 56° W. 1899 June: 62°: N. 2°—1° E., rare; 74°.N. 24° E., rare. July: 71° N. 32° E. to 78° N. 53° E., more or less scarce: 51° N. 47° W. to 52° N. 54° W., not rare. August: 71° N. 20° W., rare; 72° N. 26° E., rare; 75° N. 38 E., rare. September: 407 NN: W., rare: 56° N. 33° 'W., rare. October: 53° N. 37° W..; rare. ' Ostenfeld’s data used. 268 1898 1899 1898 Temperature: 8.5, mean of / DINOFLAGELLATA!—VPERIDINIUM 45 obs., max. 19.4, min. 0. Salinity: 34.87, mean of 45 obs., max. 35.07, min. 32.18. Plankton-type. Arctic species. — 7. (Ns). PERIDINIUM PEDUNCULATUM Scuirr.' D. Peridineen d. Plankton-exp. PI. XV fig. 48.) May: 58° Ns 21° W. June: 60° Ni 4° W. July: 31°—34° N. 39°—33° W.; 41° N. 58° W.; 58° N. 27° W.; 63° N. 14° W.; 60° N. 4° W. August: Azores; 62° N. 18° W. September: 60° N. 26°—4° W. October> b7° "N.. 272, Wate 60" N. 4° W. November: 45°°.N. 7° Wee dB? .N.,. 232 We 047° INee4.1° AW 40° N. 67° W.; FirGes. coe ABO N57! Wi. Ns Ni 2520s July: 2 a 36° -W.; 40° N: 38° "W. 'to'48° N! 2° W- prea Bi UNE 2a? WE Temperature: 14.2, mean of 38 obs., max. 25.5, min 7. Salinity: 35.12, mean of 36 obs., Plankton-type. Noted from Naples (Scuréper). — S. PERIDINIUM PELLUCIDUM (Brran).' Scuttvr: D. Peridineen d. Plankton-exp. Pl. XIV fig. 45.) April: 43° N. 50° W., common. May: 58° 60° N. a June: Iceland to Scotland: 57° N. 34°—42° W..; 59° N. 51” W. to Disco; SE. of Spitzbergen. July: S. Iceland; between Iceland and the Fiardes to Scotland ; 59° N. 21° W. to S. of Cape Farewell; 78° N.. 7°—3° W. 1 Ostenfeld’s data used. max. 37.36, min. 33.ss. DINOFLAGELLAT-&——PERIDINIUM 269 August: SW. and S. of Ieeland; Fiirées; Shetlands; E. Green- land (65°—66- N.); round Spitzbergen, more or less abun- dant. September: SW. and 8. of Iceland; 60° N. 4°—26° W.; Disco ; S. of Spitzbergen. October: S. Iceland to NE. Scotland; SW. of Cape Farewell; 44° N. 67° (W. November: S. Iceland to Scotland; 67° W.. December: 47° N. 45° W. to 43° Ny 61° W.; 29° N, 14° W. 1899 January; 40° N. 66° W.; 43° N. 57° W. March: 46° N. 11° W. June: 41° N. 17° W. to 46° Ni/13°; Wy rare. May: N. of Iceland, 66° N. 20°--24° W.; Faroes, rare, to 56 Ne 1% we common; 58° N. 9° W.; 50° N. 33° W., common. June: 64° N. toade IN. 18° E..- not wares (i. Is: fe 80> . 16 16 ee July: 74°—70° N. 20°—21° W., rare; 72° N. 22° W., com- mon; 79° N. 10° E.. to 75° N. 48° E., not rare to common; 48° N. 25° W.; common; 53° N. 51° W); not -rare, 71° N. 20° W., very rare; 75°—76° N. 38°—41° E., iS 8° N. 49° W. to 40° N. August: rare. September: 74° N. 18° E. to 81° N. 16° E., asa rule rare; 52° N. 5dD° W.. rare. November: 51° N. 28° W., rare. Temperature: 5.1, mean of 12 obs., max, 18.6, min. —0O.s (only such samples as contained this species abundantly considered). Salinity: 34.32, mean of 12 obs., max. 35.63, min. 32.s4. Plankton-type. Arctic species; its occurrence at Naples (ScHRO- DER) is therefore very strange. — 7. (N's). ' Ostenfeld’s data used. 270 1898 DINOFLAGELLATA!—PHALATROMA PHALACROMA CUNEUS Scuitrv. l). Peridineen d, Plankton-exp. Pl. Il fig. 14.) February: 21° N. 74° W. March: Caribbean Sea; 25° N. 41° W.; 37° N.:24° N. 20° W. April: Caribbean Sea. May: A” IN; DLS Ww. June: 34° N. 32° W. July: 20° N. 58° W.;' 26° N. 48° W. August: Azores. September: 83? NJBIl Wee sor °N: 72° Wi October: Azores. November .138°'N. 27° W. .26° Neo 48? Ow, 929" Ne January: Cf N. 26° W; 16° N: 48° W.; 35° N° 74° W: W.; 40° 19° and 43° W. esas » 28°—29° No 17° — 148 Wp 2B IN 47 WS L809 Janudizy : 80. N. OrAW,; 184" N.. 12° W June: 3° 2 20° W. July: 28° N. 40° W. Temperature: 22.;, mean of 28 obs., max. 27.5, min. 13.s. Salinity: 36.19, mean of 22 obs., max, 37.43, min. 39.6s. Plankton-type. (Occurs in the Mediterranean and the Indian Ocean. — JD. PHALACROMA DORYPHORUM Svrein.' (Scutrr: D. Perideneen d. Plankton-exp. Pl. IV fig. 19.) 1897 December: O° N. 31° W. and 9° N. ay W.; Caribbean Sea; 1898 January: 9°—10° N. 26°—25° W.; 7° N. 53° W.; 29°—32 93°95?" N.. .b1°2 2809 Ws 2 39eN neo FW; e20eNe Azores. hi A 14° W.: Azores to 32° N. 34° W. 36° W.; February: 19° N. 52° W. to 31° N. 35° W.; Caribbean Sea. March: 10° N..20° W.: 10° N. 53° W.- Caribbean Sea; 29°N; £5° W.. tora4 IN. ae” Wok ae coe a We ‘ Murray's & Whitting’s data used. DINOFLAGELLAT.AE-——PHALACGROMA a71 April: 12° N. 51° W.; Caribbean Sea; 16°/N.' 56°: W.° to 26 mw. 45> W.. 390° N. 2a°eW “to 41° (Me 20F Wi. May: Caribbean Sea;. 16° N. 56° W. to 32° N. 42° W.; 38 Ni 24°) W. to 41°: N. 16°, W) June: 31° N. 17° W.; 19° N. 63° W.;) 48% N:) 33° Wi July: Caribbean Sea; 29° N. 74° W.; 41° N. 58° W.; 26° N 48° W. to 36° N. 28° W.; 41° N. 58° W. August : 22°—30° N. 74° W.; 40° N. 67° W. to 40° N. 58° W. Azores. September: Azores; 41° N. 65° W.; 57° N. 14° W. October: Azores; 42° N. 57° W. Noavanvber-c8 eh 28". W.:' 13° Ne Zee We 29? N. 19° W.: z N. 10° W.; Azores; 48° N. 29° W. December: Azores. 1899 January: Canaries; Madeira to 35° N. 9° W. March: Azores. dane 12 Se SOW 98 Ne 25° W..., 27° N. BOS BNe July: 11°—12° N. 26°—27° W. ~~ oid Temperature: 22, mean of 55 obs., max. 28.2, min. 44. Salinity: 35.96, mean of 41 obs., max. 38.48, min. 33.ss. Plankton-type. This species occurs in the Mediterranean, the Red Sea, the Indian Ocean and the Pacific. — D. PHALACROMA HINDMARCHII Murr. & Wuirt. (Trans. Linn. Soc. Lond. 2:nd Ser. Bot. Vol. V part. 9 Pl. XXXI fig. 5.") 1897 December: 29° N. 36° W. 1898 February : 25°—28° N. 44°—39° W. March: 14°—16°. N. 64°—68° W. April: 19°—22° N. 52°—47° W. July: 24° N. 54°°W.; 29°N. 74° W. August: 25° N. 74° October: 34° N. 74 November: 22°) N. 53° W.; 26° N. 48° W. December. 18° N. 67° W. ' The punctation of the membrane is much to coarse on the figure quoted. ae. DINOFLAGELLATA:—PHALACROMA 1899 tAprid:):28°/N.)75° WwW. Jaume: 9° Ni 258 We Temperature: 24.2, mean of 16 obs., max. 28, min. 21.1. Salinity: 36.27, mean of 10 obs., max. 37.43, min. 34.3». Plankton-type: 1). PHALACROMA JOURDANI (Gourrer). Scntrr: D. Peridineen d. Plankton-exp. Pl. IV fig. 20.) 1898 June: 24° N. 58° W. August: 40° N. 67° W. to 44° September: 43° N. 18° W.; 47°.N. 9° W.; 41°, N,. 65° W. December: 25° N. 52° W, 1899 January: 345, N. 12°. W., Marthe 30° NO 16° Wee aN, 43° We Temperature: 25.6, mean of 8 obs., max. 28, min. 15.6. Salinity: 35.77, mean of 7 obs., max. 37.283, min. 34:3s, Plankton-type. Occurs in the Mediterrenean. — S? JD? PHALACROMA MINUTUM Cu. (K. Vet. Akad. Handl. Vol. XXXIV n. 1 Pl. VIII fig. 10, 11.) 1899 July: 41° N. 57° W. August: 44° N. 62°) MW; , Temperature: 22 to 24.1. Salinity : 33.ss to 36.13. Plankton-type: /) ?. PHALACROMA OPERCULATUM Svrein.! (D. Org. d. Infusionsth. Pl. XVHI fig. 7—10. 1897 December and 1898 January: 15° iS. 37° WW.) 45 \N'N29? Wk, 120) NeasoOA WwW 5. Ca- ribbean Seas! 23°—-25°UN. - 51°—=b004 Wes, 199.Ni9457. W . to the Azores. * Murray’s & Whitting’s data used. 1898 DINOFLAGELLATA!— PHALACROMA aia January: 15°—17° S$. 37°—88° W.; 9°—10° N. 26°—25° W:; 16 N. 18° W.; 25°—35° N. 74° W.: 32° N. 34° iW. to the Azores. February: 19° N. 52° W. to 28° N. 39° W.; Caribbean Sea; 30° N. 74° W. March: Caribbean Sea; 18° N. 46° W.; 29° N. 45° W. to 42° N. 22° W. April: area between 10° N. 53° W., 26° N. 43° W. and 19° N. 58° W.; Caribbean Sea; area between 30° N. 22° W.., 32° N. 34° W. and 41° N. 20° W. May: Caribbean Sea; 24°—26° N. 51°—52° W. to the Azores and thence to 47° N. 13° W., 41° N. 56° W. June: 27°—30° N. 55°—53° W.; Azores; 31° N..17° W. July: 26°—29° N. 48°—44° W.; Azores; 41° N. 67° W. August: Azores; 43° N. 53° W. to 44° N. 42° W, September: 33° N. 31° W.; Azores; 29° N. 74° W.; 41°—42° Ni 65°57? W. October: Azores. November: 36° N. 14° W.: Azores. December: 19° N: 58° W.;° 24° N. 52° W.: 34° N. 38° W:: Azores. 1899 January: 29° N. 16° W.; 34° N. 12° W.; 35° N. 9° W. March: 21° N. 43° W. ADL. 257 N. 10>, We June: D° S..17° W.; 24°.N, 42°..W.;.27°.N. 39° W. July 20. N. 27° WW. Temperature: 22.1, mean of 60 obs., max. 28, min. 16.s. Salinity: 36.23, mean of 42 obs., max. 37.63, min. 32.92. Plankton-type. Occurs in the Mediterranean, the Red Sea and the Indian Ocean. — D. PHALACROMA RAPA Svrein.' (D. Org. d. Infus. Pl. XIX fig. 5—8. P. mitra Scutrr D. Peridineen d. Plankton- 1897 exp. PJ. IV fig. 18. December: 12° N. 50° W.: Caribbean Sea: 23° N. 51° W. to P5° N. 50° W.: Azores. * Murray's & Whitting’s data for P. mitra used. Ls 274 1898 1899 1897 1898 DINOFLAGELLATA!—PODOLAMPAS January: 17° 'S. 38? Wo 8°°N.0 24° Wes Azores*to 37 UN: a1° WwW. February: Caribbean Sea; 21° N. 74° W. March: 11° N. 19° W.; 12°.N.51° W.; Caribbean Sea; 29° N. 45° W. to 34° N. 39° W.; Azores. April: 15° N. 67° W. to 22° N. 47° W. May: Azores; 22° N. 53° W. to 32° N. 42° W.; Caribbean Sea. June: Canaries; 42° N. 50° W. July: 34° N: 33° W. August: 23° N. 74° °W. September: Azores; 41° N. 65° W.; 42° N. 57° W. October: Azores. November: 13° N. 27° W.; 34° N. 10° W.; Azores. December: Porto Rico; Azores. January: 34°—35° N. 12°—9° W. March: 35° N. 16° W.: Azores. April: .41°—42° N. 17°—18° W.; 36° N. 74° W. Sune: 20S. 1° Hiesto ASI S:57° Wa 24eeNoMees Wh July: 28° N. 40° W. Temperature: 21.1, mean of 39 obs., max. 27.8, min. 13.1. Salinity: 35.30, mean of 28 obs., max. 37.63, min. 33.44. Plankton-type. Found in the Pacific. — D. PODOLAMPAS BIPES Srrin.' (Scuttr: D. Peridmeen d. Plankton-exp. Pl. XIX fig. 19.) December: 39° -N.3242. W.to A2%, N...50° W023 257 UN. 51° —d0° W.; Caribbean Sea. January: 8°—10° N, 21°—25° W.; 14° N. 49° W.; 25°—32° N. 74°. W.; Azores to 32° N. 34°. W. February: Caribbean Sea; 21°—34° N. 74°—73° W.; 31° N. 35° WW to. 19°" None ay, March: MO? 1620 Ne OP 188 We: OS IN OOlaWastalbe: MOA: W.:; Caribbean Sea: 32° N. 74° W.; 30° N. 43° W. April: 7°.N. 55° W.; Caribbean Sea; 31° N. 75° W.; 40°..N. 20° ‘W.'to the Azores; 32° N. 34° W. to 17°.N. 72° W. ‘ Murray's & Whitting’s data used. 1899 dian least Sifie: (10° UN. 83° W.; July: Caribbean Sea; 40° N. 67° W. to 42° N. 48° W.; Azores: DINOFLAGELLATA!?—PODOLAMPAS 275 May: Caribbean Sea; 16°—20° N. 58°—60° W. to 32° N. £2° W. 19° N. 63° W. 26° N. 48° W. August: Caribbean Sea; 25° N. 74° W.; 40° N. 67° W. 44° N. 42° W.; 48° N. 24° W. September: 8°—9° N. 25°—24. iy, Weed N65": W. to 42 October: 42° N. 15° W. November 4° N. 30° W. to 24° .N: 21° W.; 34°—36° N. 10 —14°-W.; 45° N. 7° W.; 42° f December: Caribbean Sea; Canaries; 43° N. 57° W. January: 33°—34° N. 15°—12° W. February: 32° N. 47° W. March: 24° N. 40° W.; 35° N. 16° W. April: area between 41° N. 17° W., 42° N. 18° W. and L4° N. 15° W. Mgt 3D a.Nea fon, W. June: WO” Se at WV toy9> MN. 25° W.. 27° N.-38%°Ww,. Julg: 1tP "Ne: 26° We 25° N = W: 40° N. 38° W. to 48° N. 25" W. September: 51° N. 13° W.; 53° /N..43° W. — bean bo co ew) SA a Temperature: 23, mean of 82 obs., max. 28, min. 13. Salinity: 55.714, mean of 64 obs., max. 37.50, min 33.20. Plankton-type. Occurs in the Mediterranean, the Red Sea, the In- Ocean and the Pacific. It belongs to the tropical Atlantic, at from 16° 5., and advances from July to September (maximum in August) beyond 40° N. (isolated specimens beyond 50° N.), in November to the Bay of Biscay. — D. PODOLAMPAS PALMIPES Svreiv.' (Scutrr D. Peridinéen d. Plankton-expedition Pl. XVIII fig. 48). 1897 December: and L898 January: OF Nei We to 26° —F 10 Nui17°—18°?. W,- 34 — ae 30°—31° W.; Sargasso Sea; Caribbean Sea. " Murray’s & Whitting’s and Ostenfeld’s data used. 276 1899 DINOFLAGELLATA!—PODOLAMPAS February: 27° N. 41° W. to 31° N. 38° W.; whole Caribbean Sea; 30° N. 74° W. March: Ganhbeun Sea; 32° N. 74° W.; 29° 'N. 45° W)\to the Azores; 49° N. 33° W. April: Caribbean Sea; 15°—16° N. 49°—56° W.; 26° N. 43 °W. to the Azores. May: Caribbean Sea; 27° N. 49° W. to 34° N. 40° W.; area between the Azores, 45° N. 43° W. and 49° N. 23° W. June: Canaries. July: 31° N. 38° W.; Azores. August: 40° N. 66° W. to 42° N. 48° W.; 48°—49° N, 24°— 145, W.; 68°4N.. 8% W. 60° UNE 30°30! OW. September: 46° N. 11°°W:; 57°°N. 14° W.; 60° N. 26° W. October: 57° N. :27°-W. to 59° N. 21° W.; 60° N.»4°=-6° W. November: 49° N. 12° W.; 56° N. 17°—30° W:; 53° N. 50° W. December: 25° N. 52° W. January: 3D°-N. 9° W.; 48° N. 39°. W. March: 37° if 26° OW. April: 41°—44° N. 17° June: 20° 5.4 MBL ALOUD S. 17> Wie OG? Nie 2a” Wve July: area between 12° N. 27° W., 43° N. 35° W. and 33° N. 41° W. September: 54° N. 48° W. November: 51° N. 21° W, Temperature: 19.2, mean of 51 obs., max. 27.2, min, 7... Salinity: 35.69, mean of 37 obs., max. 37.40, min. 32.96. Plankton-type. ‘This species belongs both to the Styli- and Desmo-plankton. When in May the water with Desmo-plankton expands to the north and becomes mixed with water containing styli- the plankton, the species of the Desmo-plankton, which can stand lowering of the salinity and the temperature, follow the Styli- plankton towards Iceland and the Fiirée Channel, where this species arrives in August and September. This species occurs in the Medi- terranean, the Red Sea, Indian and Pacific — J. S. ~ a DINOFLAGELLAT.E—-PROTOGERATIUM, PYROPHACUS 277 PROTOCERATIUM RETICULATUM Crap. & Lacum.' (Scutrr D. Peridineen d. Plankton-exped. Pl. VII fig. 28.) 1898 January: 35° N. 74° W. February: 26°—34° N. 74° W. August: 69° N. 53° W., common. September: 60° N. 4° W., rare. October: 57° N, 27° W. to 60° N. 6° W., rare. November: 42° N. 64° W.; 60°—63° N. 4°—16° W. Temperature: at Disco (where common) 6.3, in the Irminger Sea (where rare) 10.1, mean of 7 obs., max. 11.9. min. 6.5; in the NW. of N. America (rare) 18.9, mean of 4 obs., max. 21°, min. 16.2. Salinity: 32.0, (Disco); 35.36 (Irminger Sea, max. 39.48, min. 39.19). Plankton-type. The absence of this species in the tropical and temperate Atlantic, its abundance off the W. Greenland and its scarcity in the Irminger Sea point to the conclusion that it is an arctic or northern neritic species, that drifts with the southward Ame- rican Current and into the Irminger Sea. — ScurépeR mentions it from Naples. — Ns. PYROPHACUS HOROLOGIUM Svrein.° (D. Org. d. Infus. P]. XXIV, XXV fig. 1.) 1897 December and 1898 January: 20° N. 18° W. to 16° S. 37° W.; 12°—16™N. 50 ~L 48° W, February: 6°—5° S. 10°—0° E.; Caribbean Sea; 21° N. 74° W. arcs: Ge. So. 4 Weetor 7° N. 17°—22° W.: 23°. No 262 95° N. 16° W.; 10° N. 53° W. to 18° N. 46° W.; Carib- bean Sea. April: area between 10° N. 53° W., Barbados, 22° N. 47° W. and 18° N. 46° W.; Azores. May: 11° N. 52° W. to 29° N. 39° W.; Azores; 48° N. 33° W. ’ Ostenfeld’s data used. * Ostenfeld’s and Murray's & Whitting’s data used. 278 DINOFLAGELLATA:—STEINIELLA June: area between 10° N. 53° W., 19° N. 63° W., 33° N. 48° W. and 29° N, 36° W.; 42° N. 50° W.; 48° N. 33° W.: 60° N. 4° W. July: Caribbean Sea; 25°—38° N. 74° W.; 41° N. 60° W., 44 NA SIPE IW: ol No 392 OW August: 22° N. 74° W. to 34° N. 78° Ws 40° N. 67° W. to 42° N. 5O° W.; Azores;:61° N. ‘8° W. Séptentber : “12° N6°27°°- Wir GPU NS-538° We Seon 74° OW: BT? N88? Wi tAzores20 59° NL 22 W... "to. GOAN)! 6°. We 66°) N. 18° W. October: 34° N. 74° W.;' 58° N. 32° W. to 60° N. 3°: W November: 8° N: 28° W.; Cape Verde Islands; 22° N. 53° W:; ATO UN YALA WEC60°226 18 aNG 1P225° Ww! December: Caribbean Sea; Canaries. [899 May? 35> Ne 7b W, SUAC? QO°-SSAd2 EM GO4OeSiaah O° Wee 1o8GN ?-OPaMEETO1°8 N: 45° W. July: 11° N. 26° Wi; 40° .N. 38°°W. Temperature: 235.5, mean of 77 obs., max. 28.2, min. 7. Salinity: 35.79, mean of 57 obs., max. 37.05, min. 33.20 (excep- tionally 20.27). Plankton-type. Occurs in the Red Sea, the Indian Ocean and the Pacific. It enters the Atlantic W. of S. Africa, advances towards the Cape Verde Islands, follows the Equatorial Current into the Caribbean Sea, the Florida Current and spreads into the Sar- gasso Sea. It goes in July—August beyond 40° N. and advances thence - towards Iceland and the Fiir6e Channel as well as towards the Azores and the Canaries. In the North Sea it enters the Tripos- plankton. — D. (S). STEINIELLA FRAGILIS Scuirv. (D. Peridineen d. Plankton-expedition Pl. VI fig. 26. L898 July: au Nae So We DINOFLAGELLATA!—STEINIELLA 279 September: 472 Na 93 Why 1899 January: 29° N. 16° W. Temperature: 16.5 to 21.0. Salinity: 35.75 to 36.52 Plankton-type. [ound at Naples (Scurdper) S. STEINIELLA MITRA Scuirr. (D. Peridineen d. Plankton-exped. Pl. VIL. fig. 27). 1897 December: 12°—16° N. 50°—48° W. 1898 January: 29° N. 74° W. February: 26°—34° N. 74° W. Wipes ti Neal toni. 7°—-9° N. 55°99 Wes 30°37 ae 74 W. April: 12° N. 51° W. May: 11°—13° N. 52°—51° W.; 26° N. 52° W. July: aa N- 25° W.; 3a. N. 74° W.- August: 42° N. 50° W. September: Azores; 38° N. 74° W. November: 29° N. 43° W.; 36° N. 14° W. December: 18° N. 67° W.; Azores. 1899 January: 29° N. 16° W.3:33° N: 15° W. February: 34° N. 40° W. June: 18° -N. 47° W. Temperature: 22.2, mean of 27 obs., max. 27, min. 9.1. Salinity: 35.s2, max. 37.05, min. 33.20. Plankton-type. This species appears rarely in the Cape Verde region, follows the Equatorial Current to the north of 5. America, enters the Caribbean Sea and the Florida Current, in July to about 40° N., spreads thence towards the Azores and —August It occurs in the Mediterranean. reaches the Canaries in the winter. 2059) 280 DINOFLAGELLATA!—STEINIELLA STEINIELLA PUNCTATA (CL. Kongl. Vet. Akad. Hand]. Vol. XXXIV n, 1 PI. VIII fig. 4.) 1898 August: 48° N. 24° W. Temperature: 19.1. Salinity: 35.63. Plankton-type: ‘. DIATOMACEA2—ACHNANTHES, AMPHIPRORA 281 Diatomaceze. ACHNANTHES TZAENIATA (Giren.! CL. & Grun. Arct. Diatom. Pl. I fig. 5.) 1898 May: 60° N. 4° W. to 57° N. 44° W. (sparingly). June: 5. of Iceland, very rare. 1899 June: 75° N. 20° E. Temperature: — 0.s. Salinity: 34.29 (evidently too high). Plankton-type. Noted from Hudson Bay and the shores of the Arctic Seas, the Baltic (at Bornholm, in the Bay of Finland and at Aland, always in the spring). — Vg. AMPHIPRORA HYPERBOREA (run. (A. paludosa v.? hyp. Grux. Ci. & Grun. Aret. Diat. Pl. IV f. 85. VANHOFFEN Grénl.-Expedition 1891—93. PI. III fig. 18.) 1899 June: 75°. 20°. K. July: 74° —75° N. 20°—18° W. Temperature: — 0.1, mean of 3 obs., max. —0.:s, min. — Ou. Salinity: 32.35, mean of 3 obs., max. 34.29, min. 29.95. Plankton-type. Noted from E. and W. Greenland, Spitzbergen an Kara Sea. — Nog. ! Ostenfeld’s data used. 282 DIATOMACEA!——ASTERIONELLA, ASTEROLAMPRA ASTERIONELLA JAPONICA (1.! (A. spathulifera Cu. Ofvers. af K. Sv. Vet. Akad. Férhl. 1897 n. 3 pag. 101. 1. glacialis Castrac.) 1898 April to July: more or less abundant along the south coast of Iceland and at Westmannao. 1899 May to June: Westmannad. Temperature: 8.«, mean of 16 obs., max. 10.3, min. 5. Salinity: 34,69, mean of 16 obs., max. 35.41, min 33.99, excep- tionally 26.51. Plankton-type. Noted from the Antarctic regions (A. glacialis Castr.), from Japan, the Hebrides, western and southern North Sea, Plymouth. — Ws. ASTERIONELLA NOTATA Groen. (VAN Heurck Syn. Pl. LI fig. 3.) 1898 June to August: Azores. December: 18° N. 67°, W, Temperature. 22.3, mean of 4 obs., max. 26.8, min. 19.4. Salinity: 34.ss and 36.25. Plankton-type. (inunow mentions this species from Honduras. Barbados and the Adriatic, Scuréper from Naples. Seems to be a neritic form of the tropical Atlantic. — Nr. ASTEROLAMPRA MARYLANDICA kus. (Grev. Trans. M. Soc. Vol. VIII 1860 Pl. IIT fig: 2—4.) 1898 February: 15°—16° N. 71° W.; 21° N. 74° .W. Marche 10> N. 53° OW. May: 29° N. 39° W:, June: AOP N.-538° W: August: ‘22° N. 74° W. September: 9° N. 53° W. November: 26° N. 48° W. ' Ostenfeld’s data used. DIATOMACEA:—ASTEROLAMPRA 285 December: 18° N. 67°) W.; 34° N. 38°" W. 1899 March: 18° N. 45° W. April: 36° N. 74° W: June: 18° N. 47 Temperature. 24.1, mean of 15 obs., max. 28, min. 19.2. Salinity: 36.19, mean of 11 obs., max. 37.43, min. 34.04. Plankton-type. This species is confined to the tropical At- lantic, west of 38° W., northern limit 36° N. It occurs in the Red Sea and the Indian Ocean. — JD. ASTEROLAMPRA ROTULA (Grey. (Trans. Mic. Soc. Vol. VIII 1860 Pl. III fig. 5.) 1897 December and 1898 January: 39° N.~24°°W. to 34° N.' 30° W.; 12°''N. 50° W:; 25°—35° N. 74° W. February: 13°—16° N. 70°—71° W.; 21°—34° N. 74°—73° W. Warch: 33° .N.3208 WizstO> Ni. 53° {W.: 32° N. 74° W. May: area. between, 17° N. 50° W., 20° N. 60° W.,, 28° N. 45° W. and 29° N. 39° W, June: 28°—30° N. 53°—52° W. Julye. 2b>. Ns 48° -Wispael> Nps W,; 1b? N. 712 W.F 207 74° W. August: 22°—25° N. 74° W. September : 310). October: 21° S. 36° W.: 26° N..76° W. NWavember: 19° S. 31° "W.;, 32° Nw 38S, Weseed No 43" W. December": 14° S, 36°. W..18" N. G2, Wa 25- N. 52°. WK. Temperature: 27.0, mean of 34 obs., max. 28, min. 16.5. Salinity: 36.58, mean of 22 obs., max. 37.41, min. 34.ss. Plankton-type. Occurs chiefly in the tropical, western Atlantic; northern limit 33°-—34- N. Outside the Atlantic in the Indian Ocean. — P). 284 DIATOMACEA!—-ASTEOMPHALUS ASTEROMPHALUS HOOKERI Ens. (A. atlanticus Ci. Kongl. Sv. Vet. Akad. Hand]. Vol. XXXIV n. 1 pag. 19 Pl. VIII fig. 7—9.) 1898 February: 60°—61° N. 3°—5d° W. June: 6d°-N. 31% W: July: 78° N. 3° W. (deep sea haul). Temperature: 5.0, mean of 8 obs., max. 7.5, min. 3.0. Salinity: 34.19, mean of 7 obs., max. 35.53, min. 33.47. Plankton-type. Noted from the northern Atlantic, usually in Tricho- or Cheeto-plankton. It was not very rare in 1896 west of Spitzbergen, but extremely rare in 1898 and 1899. — 7. Remark. This species occurs abundantly in the southern At- lantic and southern Indian Ocean. It is perhaps a variety of AA. Brookei (Grev. T. Mic. Soe. Vol. VIII 1860 Pl. IV fig. 18), which has been found in soundings from Kamtschatka. ASTEROMPHALUS HEPTACTIS fatrs.' (A. Schm. Atl. Pl. XXXVI fig. 5—8.) 1898 March: area between 44° N. 17° W., 49° N. 18° W., 55° N. 122IW Sand 45> No oA3° W.: 63° ON. 2° April: area between 39° N. 24° W., 50° N. 9° W. and 49° MEN232 TW ce ERIN. 25 UB: May: 50° N. 22° W. July: 40° N. 58° and 67° W. August: 60° N. 3° W. September: 59° N. 2° W. October: 59° N. 1° W. November: area between 56° N. 36° W., 30° N. 21° W. and DO Nee. Wisk Ogee WN. December: 26°.S. 45° W. 1899 April: 46° N. 13° W. November; 51° N. 13° W. teed Temperature: 13., mean of 21 obs., max. 28, Mins. 7s. Salinity: 35.35, mean of 19 obs, max. 37.41, min. 33.38. Plankton-type: %. 1 Ostenfeld’s data not used. DIATOMACEA‘S—BACTERIASTRUM 28) BACTERIASTRUM DELICATULUM (1..' (Fifteenth annual report of the Fishery Board for Scotland, for the year 15%6, pag. 298 fig. 15.) 1898 January: 35° N. 74° W. February: Caribbean Sea; 34° N. 73° W. March: area between the co 45° N. W. and 45° N. 40° W.; 41° 66° W. April: 39° N. 24° W. to the 4 “el: Channel and thence along IN; top 29° Wi; 42° N. 47° W. May: 50? N.i.14° —47° N. 8° — iP? W: April: 44°—46° N. 15°—13° W.; 32° N. 75° W. October: 53° N. 31° W. Temperature: %.6 to 28. Salinity: 32.62 to 36.33. Plankton-type. Noted from the coasts of warmer seas, from the southern coast of the North Sea and the Engl. Channel. — Ni. BIDDULPHIA AURITA (lyNan.) (VAN HeurcK Syn. Pl. XCVUI fig. +—9.) 1898 March: 52° N. 6° E.; Firées. April: 63° N. 18° W.; Westmannad. May: Westmannaé; 72° N. 16° W. 1899 February: Fiiroes. March: Fir6ées; 65° N. 24° W.; 66° N. 20°—24° W. April: Firdes; Westmannad. Jume: 15°°N.-20° E. Temperature: 4.1, mean of 16 obs., max. 9.s, min. — foe. Salinity: 34.55, mean of 15 obs., max. 35.56, min. 33.416; excep- tionally 26.5. Plankton-type. Decidedly arctic species. It occurs in Hud- son Bay and, according to LeMMeRMANN, in the northern Pacific. Eo Ws: 288 DIATOMACEA—BIDDULPHIA, CERATAULINA BIDDULPHIA CHINENSIS Grey. T: Micr. Soc. Vol. XIV, 1866 Pl. IX fig. 16.) 1898 March: 7°°N. 55° W. June: 10° Ne b8"aiWi Temperature: 26.5 to 27.2. Salinity: 36.01. Plankton-type. Occurs in the Gulf of Bengal, at Java, Hongkong, Jedo Bay (Japan). Tropical neritic form — Nr. BIDDULPHIA MOBILENSIS (bait). (VAN HeuRCK Syn. Pl. CI fig. 4—6. 1898 January: 21° N. 17° W.; 48° N. 6° W. Marchy AS? ING 25 WE G2? Ne 208. April: 60° N. 4°—2° W. August: Azores;:55° N. 5° W. October: Azores; 42° N. 50° W. November: 60° N. 4° W. 1899 April: 49° N. 7° W. Temperature: 14.1, mean of 9 obs., max. 23.7, min. 6. Salinity: 34.91, mean of 7 obs., max. 36.25, min. 32.51. Plankton-type. This species is evidently a neritic form, which occurs only exceptionally in the oceans. It abounds round the British Islands. Scuréper mentions it from Naples. — Ni. CERATAULINA BERGONII H. Preracorzo.! (Diatomiste Pl. XIII fig. 15, 16. — Cu. Bih. Kongl. Sv. Vetensk. Akad. Handl. Vol. », ©. > Maple pylon atx 6) 1898 January: 7° N. 53° W. March:6foN.. dB° Wz 86°. Ne 29%. W.; 45° Ne36P Wied? iM. 49° W. April: 47°—48° N. 40°—a33° W. a — = _ ' Ostenfeld’s data used. DIATOMACEA— CHATOCEROS 289 May: area between 58° N. 21° W., 61° N. 28> W., Westman- nad, Fiirées and the Shetlands. June 62° \N.. 2°. 30" BE. July: 64° N: 4°) W, August: Azores; 62°—61° N. 6°—10° W.; 63°—64° N. 2: a EW September: 63° N. 25° W. . October: between 61° N. 5° W. and 63° N. 12° W. November: 45° N. 50° W.; 42° N. 64° W. 1899 February: 34° N. 40° W.; Faroes. April: Fiar6es. May 38° '™. 2a Ww"; 58° N. ow: September: W. of Spitzbergen, from BOF NVAS? Eisto 75° ON: te Ei Temperature: 11.s, mean of 28 obs., max. 26.4, min. 3.4. Salinity: 34.ss, mean of 24 obs., max. 36,35, min. 32.5s. Plankton-type. Noted from the Mediterranean. S (or Nm). CHAETOCEROS ATLANTICUS (1..' (Bih. Kongl. Sv. Vetensk. Akad. Handl. Vol. In. 13 Pl. II fig. 1896 Jonuary + 34~N: 73° W.; 63° N. 19° W. February : 38° N.. 73°; W.; 507 N.. 10° W.; 60° N. 3°.W. March: 43° N:45° Wto 40° N. 71° W.;.49° N. 18° W.; W. and §. of Iceland (64° N. 25°..W.;.61° N..23° W.); W. of the Fiarées to the Shetlands. Mai: 430.eN. 50° W. to 40° N. 48° N. 8° W. — Abundant at 75 less abundant to 73° N. 5° W. May: 59° N. 49° W.; very abundant from 77° N. 2° W. to 70° N. 5° W 68° N. 17° W.; 'Fardes to 59° 'N-°10° W.; 98° N. 23°—-35° W. June: 63° N. 56° W.; 66° N. 55° W.; 68° N. 13° E.| 74° N. 93° E.: Denmark’s Sound: NW. and S. of Iceland; SW. of TOs. We. 62° N- 5OF Vie —74.° N, 9°—5° W.: thence ' Ostenfeld’s data used. 290) DIATOMACEA?— CHASTOCERAS the Firées; W. of the Shetlands to 62° N. 2° 30! E.; 57° N. 34° W. July: 63° N. 14° W.; 61° N. 8° W.; Far6des; 60° N. 23° W. August: 69° N. 53° W.; 65° N. 33° W.; Farées; Farde Channel; 77° N.. 9° E.' to 78° N. 12° E., everywhere’ rare. September: 59° N. 50° W. to 65° N. 55° W.; round Iceland; from the Fiirées to the Shetlands; between Spitzbergen and Beeren Island, everywhere rare. October: S. of Jeeland; Firées; N. of Seotland; SW. of the Shetlands; N.N.W. of Rockall. November: S. of Iceland to the Fiir6ées and the Shetlands; 45°. Nx bOY Wie 56°.N. B07 Wess 1° N. 20° -W, December: Fiirées; rare between 41° N. 66° W. and 47° N. 45° W. 1899 January: 43° N. 57° W. to 41°.N. 69° W.; FiarGes. February: Fires. Morch= 66° No2pe Wi 65° IN; 13° W.. to "6272N3 We April; Westmannaé; Fiirées. May: Firoes;, Shetlands; 62° N.2° E.; 58° N. 8° E.; 51° N. 20° WW 2 48° ON 4b? W. to 47° UN, o7- ow. June: 13° N. 4°—6° W.; Jan Mayen; from 67° N. 3° W. to 62) No ae a 645 ON. oon ieonde Ns: LO tae tone eae 14° EK. Fuly: 74° N. 20° We; 279° N. WO° RS 474°. Vanes Oe IN: Bie W.; 529° N. DAD WOT SIN AT aw. August: 75° N, 38°". Temperature: 51, mean of 35 obs., max. 16, min. — 1. Only such samples considered as contained this species abun- dantly. Salinity: 34.69, mean of 35 obs., max. 35.46, min. 32.01. Plankton-type. Occurs in the Bering Sea. — 7. 1899 DIATOMACKE2-—CH.ETOCEROS. 291 CHATOCEROS BOREALIS [bait.! (Ci. A Treatise on the Phyto-plankton Pl. I fig. 2.) March: 47° N. 27° W.; 42° N. 42 W.; 41° N. 66 W. to 40 N. Oo” W.; 60° N. 2° Wiz -435 N, 50° W..jtas40° NL 70° W.; 39° N. 24° W. May: 73° N. 10°—13° W.; area between the Firdes, 59° N. 1° W. and 62° N. 2° E.; 48°—49° N. 30°—23° W. June. /4 WN. 2s E.: 62° N. 2° E.; Fardeés. July: Farées;°59° N. 2° W. August: round Spitzbergen: 77° N. 12° E., 80° N. 11° E. to 81° N. 24° E., 79° N. 33°—34° E.; Farées; 59° N. 2° W. sepiember: 00 -Ne dae B.: fD" N. 17? E.; 66° N. 18° W.; 60 N. 2° W. November: Fiirées. March: 62° N. 8° W. Mag: 58> N).3°7H. to ot* Ni 1°) BE: June: 73° N. 18° E. to 72° N. 19° E.; area between 67° N. 3 W., 62° N. 1° E. and 64° N. 7°: E. (very abundant). July: 79°—80° N. 10°—14° E.; 70°—74° N. 21°—20° W.; 62 Ne OP W252) Nba W August: 73° N. 25° W. September: 77° N. 14° E. October) 43- N. 31>) W. Temperature: 4.3, mean of 19 obs., max. 9.9, min. —O.». Salinity: 34.36, mean of 19 obs., max. 35.54 min. 32.84." Plankton-type: typical arctic form. Nevertheless it occurs, according to Scuréper, at Naples. — 7. ’ Ostenfeld’s data not used. ° The above means relate to samples in which this species was common or at least not rare. 292 DIATOMACEKA.—CHETOCEROS CHATOCEROS BOTTNICUS (1. (Bih. Kongl. Sv. Vetensk. Akad, Handl. Vol. XXI, 4. n. 8 pag. 14 Pl. 1) 1898 May: 72° N. 13° W. 1899 May: 757°N.. 2° 30" E, July: 74° N. 20° W. Temperature: —0O.1 to —1. Salinity: 29.95 to 34.93, Plankton-type. This species is evidently an arctic neritic form, only occasionally occurring in the oceans. It is common in_ the whole Baltic. — .Ng. CHAETOCEROS (BOREALIS VAR.) BRIGHTWELLII Cv. (Er. a Treatise on the Phyto-plankton Pl. [ fig. 2.) 1898 March: 58> Nace By; 41" IN. 66" W. April: 4a Ne 58" se Wi, june: GB> IN) dy ME bp. N. 29° We September: 73 N. 19? BH. to 76% Ni 18°: 1899 May:;.617\ Nati E. June: 62° N. 2° E.: 72°—73° N..19°—18° E. July: 74°—71° N. 20°—21 August: 4a IN. 25° W: Temperature: 8.«, mean of 12 obs., max. 16, min. 5.64. Salinity: 35.00, mean af 12 obs., max. 35.54, min. 34.ss. Plankton-type. ‘This species occurs usually associated with Tricho- and Cheeto-plankton, but was remarkably scarce in 1898 and 1899. ScuropeR mentions it from Naples. — 7. CHATOCEROS CINCTUS Gran.! (Den Norske Nordhavsexped. 1876-78 Diat. ete. Pl. II fig. 23—27.) 1898 May: Shetlands; Orkneys. June: 60° N. 4°—8° W., very rare; 63° N. 13°. W., rare; 63° N. 18° W., not rare; S. of Iceland, common. ' Ostenfeld’s data used. DIATOMAGE.E—CH.ETOCEROS 293 July: S, of Iceland, common. August: SW. of Iceland; 65° N. 36° W., common; 60° N. 3° W, Septeniber: 63° N. 25° W., rare. Temperature: %.1, mean of 17 obs., max. Its, min. 22 (common). Salinity: 35.09, mean of 17 obs., max. 35.91, min. 31.s0 (common). Plankton-type. This species seems to be an inhabitant of the fjords in the south Iceland, from where if becomes drifted towards the Orkneys and the Shetlands and on the other side towards Greenland. I have noted this species in samples from Puget's Sound. eS. CHATOCEROS CONSTRICTUS (inan.' (Den Norske Nordhavs Exped. 1876—78, Diat. Pl. I fig. 11—13 PI. II fig. 42. 1898 March: 41° N. 60°—70° W. (common); 58° N. 6° E. (common). April: 40° N. 70° W.; 39° N. 24° W. May: 59° N. 9° W. to the Shetlands (not rare); 61° N. O° 47 —1° 30' W. (common); Fiirées (rare). June: S. of Iceland (rare); Fir6ées (rare). July: Westmannaé (not rare); Fiirées (rare). August: Firées (rare); N. of the Orkneys (not rare). September: Westmannad (very rare). October: Fiirées (rare). November: 45° N. 52° W. (not rare), December: 42° N. 49° W. to 41° N. 66° W. (not rare). 1899 April: Firées. May: Farées; 61° N. 6° W.; 58° N. 7° E. (very common). June Ok Wel: Ey Temperature: 8.6, mean of 15 obs., max, 12, min. 09. Salinity: 34.02, mean of 15 obs., max. 35.94, min. 32 Bo (common). ' Ostenfeld’s data used. 294. DIATOMACE#—CH A TOCEROS Plankton-type. I have found this species in plankton from Jedo Bay, Japan. It seems to inhabit the fjords on the south side of Iceland and the region of the Newfoundland Banks. It occurs only occasionally in the ocean. Common in the Skagerak (winter). — Ns. CHAETOCEROS CONTORTUS Scuiirr. (Ber. d. Deutsch. Bot. Gesellsch. Vol. XIII, 1895. Pag. 42. 1898 March: 58° N. 6° E. (common); 7° N. 55° W. Aprile BIN oss WW, May: 49° N. 26° W. Jane: 64°. SN 222 OW to O38" NA 3o We) ONS 2557 awe (abundant). July: 65° N. 14° W. August: Fiiroées. September: Azores. November: 45° N. 50° W. (not rare). December: 45° N. 52° W. (not rare) to 42° N. 63° W. (rare). 1899 April: 48° N. 9° W. (common); 46° N. 13° W. (rare). May: Westmannaé; Firées (rare); 58° N. 4°—7° E. June: Westmannad (rare). September: 75° N, 18° E. Temperature: 9.2, mean of 16 obs., max. 11, min. 4.3 (for the northern Atlantic only). Salinity: 34.18, mean of 15 obs., max. 35.75, min 32.52, (for the northern Atlantic only). Plankton-type. This species seems to be a neritic form, occurring both in boreal and tropical regions. — Ns (N¢?). DIATOMACE.A— CHA TOCEROS CHAETOCEROS CRIOPHILUS Casrn. (Ci. A Treatise on the Phyto-plankton PI. I fig. 6.) 1898 March: 23° N..17° W.; 40° N. 69° W. April: 49° N. 19° W.; 40°—41° N., 70° and 58° W. May: 42°.N. 45° W.; 70°—72° N. 14°—16° W.; 67°—68° N. 25°—21° W.; 62° N. 2° W, June: 66 N. 26° W. to 67° N. 29° W. and thence to 69° N. 152. W.:(common); 68° N. 13°: 7327 N: “237+! July. 62° N.:O0° W. August: Pardes; 76°—80° N. 12°—11° E.; 81° N. 24° E. September: 60° N. 3° W.; Azores; 75°—76° N. .17°—13° October: Azores. November: 45°—48° N. 52°—49° W. December: 45° N. 51° W. to 41° N. 66° W. 500 Mag: 65 Nis Wrto G7" N. “16° W. June: 68° N. 3° W. to 70° N. 13° W. (everywhere common), 71° N. 10° W. to 73° N. 4° W. (at some spots common). August; 73° N. 22°—24° W. (rare). September: 72° N. 16° W. (rare). Temperature: 6.2, mean of 46 obs., max. 20.2, min. —1.s. Salinity : 34.23, mean of 45 obs., max. 36.25, min. 31.9s. Plankton-type. Decidedly arctic, pelagic species. — 7. CHATOCEROS CURVISETUS CL. GRAN D. Norske Nordhay-Expedition 1876—78 Protophyta. PI. III fig. 43). 1898 January: 11° N.. 20° W. to 20° N. 18° W. March: 240s, N°: 182. Ws. 23° Ni cL Wie da? N: 6° E.- 55° W.; 33° N. 48° W. June: 42° N. 9° W. August: 58° N. 2° W.; 60° N. 2°—3° W. (rare). September: 59°—60° N. 2° W.; 66° N. 18° W. Temperature: 14.7. mean of 12 obs., max. 25.9, min. 6. Salinity: 34.91, mean of 6 obs., max. 35,47, min. 33,7. f) r Plankton-type. Neritic form of the temperate Atlantic, occur- ring only occasionally in the ocean. — Ni. 296 - DIATOMACEAi—CH&:TOCEROS CHAETOCEROS DANICUS (Cx. (Diatoms of Finland. PI. II fig. 18, 19). 1898 March: 21° N. 18° W:; 41° N.. 21° W. 1899 May: 58° N. 4°—7° E. (very common). Temperature: 14.9—15. Plankton-type. ‘This species is evidently no oceanic form and occurs along the coasts of the temperate eastern Atlantic. Found in Puget’s Sound. — Nm. CHATOCEROS DEBILIS (1. (GRAN D. Norske Nordhavs-Expedition, Protophyta Pl. Il fig, 14, 15). 1898 March: 58° N. 6° EK. (common); Farées (rare); 63° .N. 18° W. (not rare); 41° N. 60° W. (common) to 40° N. 69° W. (not rare). April: abundant along the south coast of Iceland and at the Firées; 42° N. 47° W. to 40° N. 70° W. (common). May: a9 N. 49° W., common; Westmannaéd, common; Fires; not common. June: 66° N. 24° W. (rare); South of ee Bo UaNh ely 22° W., very common; Farées, rare; 42° N. 9° W. (rare July: Westmannaéd, very common; ‘Firdes, rare; shales very common. August: E. Greenland, 65° N. 35° 33’ W., common; W. Green- land, 69° N. 53° W. not rare; SW. and S. of Iceland, com- mon; Fiirées, common; Shetlands, rare; 54° N. 5° W. rare September: E. Greenland, 65° N. 36° W. hae rare’. WV. ee land, 69° N. 53° W., rare; Westmanna6é, common; 60° N. W. (not rare).? ' Ostenfeld’s data used. > In my paper in Ofvers. Kongl. Sv. Vet. Akad. Férh. 1899 n. 8 the Engl. Channel has been erroneously indicated. a DIATOMACEAS—CH.BTOCEROS 297 October: vave off S. Iceland and off the Shetlands. Nocember: rare from the S. of Iceland to the Fiarées, where common; 48° N. 49° W. to 45° N. 50° W. (more or less rare). December: Ieeland, rare; 45° N. 51° W. to 41° N. 66° W. (not common). 1899 January: Fiirées, rare; 41° N. 69° W., not rare. March: 66° N. 24° W., rare. April: Westmannad, not rare; Fiardes very common. May: Westmannaé and Fiirées, very common, 61° N. 1” W., rare; 62° N. 2° E., very common. June: Westmannad, not rare. September: 74° N. 18° E., rare; 52° N, 55° W., rare. Temperature: 7.«, mean of 3% obs., max. 16, min. 2.2.1 p Salinity: 3465, mean of 33 obs., max. 35.56, min. 31.80; excep- tionally 26.51. Plankton-type. | have seen this species in samples from Puget's Sound. Schrdder mentions it from Naples. — 7, Ns. CHATOCEROS DECIPIENS (.° (Gran. D. Norske Nordhavs-Exped. 1876—78. Protophyta Pl. 1, fig. 2, Pl. III fig. 34). 1897 December and 1898 January: 32° N. 33° W. (rare); 62 N. 8° W. (rare). February: 61° N. 3° W. (very rare). March: 41° N. 23° W. (not rare); 47° N. 27° W. (common); 48° N. 6° W. (common); 58° N. 6° E. (common); 59° N. 1 E. to 62° N. 11° W. (rare); Firées (rare); 63° N. 18° W. to 64° N. 25° W. (not rare); 41° N. 60° W. to 40° N. 72° W. (common). April: area between 39° N. 24 p0° N. 9° W. and 49° N. 23° W. (on the whole rare); 43° N. 52° W. to 42 N. 61° W. common): 73° N. 5° W.; 66° N. 24° w.; 61° N. 50° W. — >) a 4 1 For the means only such samples have been used as contained this species abundantly. > Ostenfeld’s data used. 298 DIATOMACEA?——-CHASTOCEROS (not rare); 63°°N. '23° W.' to 63° N. 17° W. (not rare); 60° N. 19° W.; Farées and Firée Channel (rare); Shetlands (common); 58° N. 2° 'W. (not rare); 62° N. 2° E. (not rare). May: 70° N. 15° W. to 72° N. 13°—14° W. (rare); south of Ice- land, the Fiirdes, the Shetlands and 62° N. 2° E., very com- mon everywhere, but rare at 59° N. 1°—2° W. and in the Fir6e Channel; not rare at 63° N. a a more or less rare between 61° N. 6° W. and)58° N. 23° W.; 59° N. 49° W. (not rare); 63° N..54° W. mia 45° N. 41° W. to 41° N. 53° W. (common). June: 44° N. 9° W.-(very rare); 68° N. 19° W. to 66° N. 27° (not rare); Davis's Strait, 63° N. 56° W. (not rare) and 66° N. 55° W. (commons S. of Iceland (rare); Fiirdes and Shet- lands (common but more or less rare in the Farde Channel) ; 62° N. 2° 30' E. (very common); between Finmarken and Beeren Island, common at 74° N. 23° E.; not rare east of Spitzbergen (76°—77° N. 26°—27° E.). July: more or less sparingly W.5.W. of Iceland, common at Westmannadé and at the Fiirées; rare in the Fiarde Channel and round the Shetlands, rare at 67° N. 7° W.; rare at 60° N. 17° and 23° W.: not rare at 59° N. 2° W. and west of Spitzbergen, 78° N. 3° W.—4° E, August: 54° 31' N. 5° 12'/W. (rare); Shetlands (rare); Fardes (common); Westmannad (common); from SW. Iceland to E,. Greenland (64° N. 21° W. to 65° N. 36° W.) rare; E.. of Spitzbergen, 77°- abundant. September: W estmannad canal rare south of Denmark's Sound ; Fiirées rare; Shetlands, rare; south of Beeren Island, rare. October: rare at Westmannad; the Fiirdes to the Shetlands. November: as a rule rare from the south of Iceland to the Fiirées; not rare on the Newfoundland Banks and along the American coast, 48° N- 40° W. to 40° N. 68° W.; 48° N. 29° W. (rare); 56° N. 23° W. (rare); 51° N. 20° W. (not rare). December: S. Iceland to Scotland (rare); 47° N. 45° W. to 41° N. 68° W. (rare to common). 1899 January: Firées, rare; 45° N. 49° W. to 41° N. 69° W., asa rule rare. February: Fiirées, rare. March: rare from 62° N. 8° W. to 65° N. 24° W. DIATOMACEAE—CHATOCEROS 2YOY April: 44° N. 15° W., rare; 48° N. 9° W., rare, Faroes, com- mon; Westmanné, common. May: as a rule rare from 61° N. 1° E. to the Shetlands ane the Fiirées, where not rare; rare between the Fiarées and Iceland: common at Westmannaé; 50° N. 39° W. and 48 N. 45° W., rare; 47° N. 50° W., common. June: Westmannad, common; 62° N. 1° E. to 67° N. 3 W., very common; more or less rare round Jan Mayen, Ff el 9° W. to 73° N. 4° W. as a rule rare; between Norway and Beeren Island not rare; SW. and S. of Spitzbergen, rare. July: NW. of Spitzbergen, rare; 78 N. 53° E., rare; 75° N. 18° W. to 71° N. 21° W., rare to common; 52°—53” N. 54°—51° Ws, not rare. August; 80° N. 51° E. and 76° N. 41° E., rare: ‘70° -50' N. 99° 33! W.. eommon; 71°—73° N. 20°—27° W., more or less rare. September: 81° N. 16° E. to 73° N. 19 E., common to rare; GO° Ni 43° W.. care:-53° N. 52° W., rare. October: 53° N. 31° W., rare. Temperature: 7.5, mean of 47 obs." max. 18.5, min. O.s. Salinity : 34.50, mean of 47 obs., max. 35.91, min. 30.9s. Plankton-type. [ have found this species in a collection from Puget’s Sound. The mean temperature and salinity prove that this species is an arctic form, which however spreads by currents far to the south and propagates in water of so high a salinity as C. T. (C. in 35 p. m. T. in 34 p. m: salinity.) aonp. WL. - CHZETOCEROS DENSUS (1. ld (C. borealis car, dens. Ci. A Treatise on the Phyto-plankton Pl. [ fig. 3, 1898 January: 12° N. 19 W.; 16° N. 18° W. (common). March: 25° N. 16° W.; 49° N. 18° W.; 49° N./2° W.; 40° N. 36° and 40° W. (rare); 41° N. 49° W. April: 50° N. 3° W.; 47° N. 40° W. 1 The means are calculated from such samples only as contained this species abundantly. 300 May: 50° N. 7°: W, June: 42°—44° N. 9° W. “oust: 54° Nab? he 58°—a9° N. 2° W. Septenvber:, 49% N. 3? W.5:59° .N. 22 IW. rare; )60°. N...2° “W., common. November ; 40°—41° N. 66°—67° W. (rare). December: Azores; 41° N.. 69° W. (rare). 1899 January: 45° N. 49° W. February: 34° N. 40° W. March: 47° N. 8° W., rare November: 52° N. 48° W., rare Temperature: 13.s, mean of 27 obs., max. 22, min..8. Salinity: 35.13, mean of 20 obs., max. 36.35, min. 32.20. Plankton-type. Scurdper mentions this species from Naples. — S. Nim. CHAETOCEROS DIADEMA Enz.' (C. yronlandicus Ci. Bih. Kongl.. Sv. Vetensk. Akad. Handl. Vol. XXII 3 n. 5 fig, 12.) 1898 January: 6° N. 55° W., rare. March: 48° N. 6° .W,; 41° N 60° W.. to 40° .N. 70° W. common, April: W. and S of Iceland, very common; Firées, rare; 43° N. 50° W. to 40° N. 70° W., very common. May: W. of Greenland, 59° N. 49° W. to 63° N. 54° W. June: W. of Greenland; b9°°N’ 51° ‘W."'to 69° N. 54° W. rare. August: between Greenland and 5S. Iceland, common at 65° N, 36° W.; Firdes, rare; N. of Spitzbergen, rare. September: rare near Beeren Island; W. of Greenland, 69° N. aa. |W. eee November: 5A° N. oH W. (rare); 45° N. 50° W. (rare). December: 45° N. > W. (common) to 42° N. 63° W. (rare). ' Ostenfeld’s data used. DIATOMACEA‘— CHAZSTOCEROS DIATOMACE.L—CH.ETOGCEROS 3O1 1899 April: 48° N. 9° W., rare; Faroes, not rare. May: 61° N. 6° W. (very rare); Firoes. 72°. N. 9° W. and’ 73° N. 6° W. (rare). June: 72 September: 75° N.'18°° Eto’ 80? No 13° Ee and"81° 'N.'16° W. ‘not rare). Temperature: 6.0, mean of 15 obs.', . Plankton-type. ‘The low temperature and salinity prove that this species is to be considered as an arctic neritic form. Its occurence al South America in January 1898 is then of the Ns and Ng. max. 16, min. lis. the north coast. of greatest interest. Noted from Jedo Bay, Japan. CHATOCEROS DIDYMUS (Kus). (Ci. Bih. Kongl. Sv. Vetensk. Akad. Handl. Vol. XXII; 3 n. 2 Pl. I fig. 3, 1898 January: 20° N. 18° W. March: 21° N:; .18° W.; -48° N. 6° W.; 38°. Ne -6°y 43°— 41° N. 41°—49° W. May: 48° N. 33° W., rare. September: 60° N: 2° W., rare. y max. 18, min. 6. Temperature: 12.5, mean of 7 obs., Salinity: 35.25, mean of 5 obs., max. 35.61, min. 354,59. Plankton-type. This species is evidently a neritic form, only occasionally occuring in the ocean, and then among Styli-plankton. Occurs in Jedo Bay, Japan, and in Puget’s Sound. ScuropdER men- tions it from Naples. — Ni. CHATOCEROS (DIDYMUS VAR.) LONGICRURIS CL. (A Treatise on the Phyto-plankton PI. I fig. 11, 17. 1898 March: 21° N. 18° W.; 41° N. 21° W.; 42° N. 48° W. April: 42° i May: 49° August: Azores. December: 29° S. 49° W., very common. ' Only such samples considered as contained this species abundantly. 302 DIATOMACEA — CHASTOCEROS Temperature: 17.;, mean of 6 obs., max. 23.s, min. 13. Salinity: 35.2;, mean of 4 obs., max. 36.19, min. 34.53 (common). Plankton-type. This species enters the Styli-plankton, but its rare occurrence in the ocean indicates that it is a neritic form. Oceurs in the Mediterranean, the Red Sea and the Gulf of Bengal. Nini, nVG CHAETOCEROS DIVERSUS Ct. (C, dic. var. tenuis Cu. A Treatise on the Phyto-planklon PJ]. II fig. 2.) January: 7 jN. a3" ow: 1898 February: 16° N. 71° W. March: 7° NN. bo? Wis 102 Nobo WW dune: 10° N. d3°: W. August: 40° N. 66° W. December: 29° 'S...49> Wey ie Ns 67 Wi Temperature: 25.1, mean of 8 obs., max. 27.2, min. 20.7. Salinity: 34.s1, max. 36.01, min. 33.9. Plankton-type. ‘This species occurs along the coast of South America and follows the Equatorial Current into the Caribbean Sea, continuing with the Florida Current to 40° N., which latitude it reaches, as Desmo-plankton usually does, in August. The occurence along the coasts and the low salinity indicate it as a neritic form. Noted from the Mediterranean, Red Sea, Indian Ocean and Java. Nt. CHAETOCEROS (ATLANTICUS VAR.) EXIGUA C1. (A Treatise on the Phyto-plankton Pl. I fig. 9.) (898- January 37° Neos Wi 44 No AT OW) March: 30° N. 35° W. to. 45°: N. 18° W., 49° N: 18° W. April: 49° N.. 19° Wi; 48° oN, 29° -W.t0 50° N. 9° W: JUNC 48° NAT! W: August: Azores. November: Azores: 56° N. 23° W. 1899 January: 33° N. 15° W. March: 34° N. 40° W. April: 46° N. 13°) W. DIATOMAGE.4.—CHATOCEROS 503 Temperature: 15.1, mean of 17 obs., max, 26.4, min. 10.8. Salinity: 35.0c, mean of 11 obs., max. 36.85, min. 30.17. Plankton-type. (©. neapolitanus Scurdper represents this form, whieh thus oceurs also in the Mediterranean. — ‘. CHAETOCEROS FEMUR Scuirr. (Ber. d. Deutschen Bot. Gesells. 1895 Vol. XIII pag. 45). 1897 December: 12° N. 50° W., very rare. 1898 January: 7° N. 53° W., rare. Temperature: 26.1 to 26.5. Plankton-type: J). (or V7). CHETOCEROS FURCA (1. A Treatise on the Phyto-plankton PI. I fig. 10). 1898 January: 6-—7° N. 55°—53° W. Febuary ld) Noto NW, March: 28° N. 38° W.; 36° N. 29° W. to 41° N. 21°—23° W.; 41° N. 56° W. to 43° N. 48° W. April: 49° N. 22° W. May: 41° N. 51° W. December: 18° N. 677 W. 1899 March: Azores. May: 35° N. 75° W. 9) Temperature: 18.1, mean of 16 obs., max. 27, min. 11. Salinity: 35.73, mean of 10 obs.. max. 36.40, min. 34.s8s. Plankton-type. This species occurs in the region round the Sargasso Sea and belongs to the tropical or subtropical Styli-plankton. It has not been seen beyond 50° N. Found in the Indian Ocean, the Mediterianean and the Red Sea. — S. 304: DIATOMACE.Ww—CHATOGEROS CHATOCEROS FURCELLATUS Bair. (Cu. Bih. Kongl. Sv. Vetensk. Akad. Handl. Vol. XXII; 3 n. 4 Pl. Il fig. 7. Gran Biblioth. botan. Heft. 42 Pl. I fig. 15, 16.) 1898 May: 72° N. 14° W. 67° N. 22° W.; Westmannad, common; 59° N. 49° W., common. June 67°. ON. 240-29" OW. DOS NASW tos Or aN aris kK. of Beeren Island; 5S. of. Spitzbergen. July: Westmannad, common; 78° N. 3° W., rare. August: Westmannaéd, very common; 8O° N. 11° FE. (not rare). September: 69° N. 53° W.; rare. 1899 A/ay: Westmannad, rare. June: Westmannad, rare. July: 71°—72° N. 21°—22° W., rare; 74° N. 80° N. 12° E, rare. Foe ING Or mia Care. 20° W., common; September: 74° v Temperature: 4.5, mean of 21 obs., max. 10.2, min. —1-s. Salinity: 34.03, mean of 22 obs., max. 34.71, min. 28.01. Plankton-type. Arctic neritic form. It is noted from Kamt- schatka. — Ng. CHATOCEROS GRANII (1. (CL. Kongl. Sv. Vet. Akad. Handl. Vol. XXXII n. 8 pag. 28). 1899 June: 72°—73° N. 18°—19° E. aug. Tl N. 2t° Wi Temperature: | to & 36. Salinity: 31.32 to 3).19. Plankton-type: Vy? CHATOCEROS HIEMALIS (.! C. didymus car. Cr. A Treatise on the Phyto plankton Pl. [ fig. 18.) 1898 March: 58° N. 6° E. July: Westmannad, rare. September: 76° N. 13° E., rare. 1 Since the above was written I have been convinced, that this species is the same as ©. breris Scubrr, which name has the priority. L899 DIATOMACEA.—CHATOCEROS 305 November: 45° N. 50° W., rare. May: 58° N. 4°—-8° E. (common). Temperature: 8.1, mean of 4 obs., max. 11, min. 6. Salinity: 33.95, mean of 4 obs., max. 35.18, min. 32.58; excep- tionally 23.52. 1898 Plankton-type: .\s. CHAETOCEROS LACINIOSUS Scairr.' (Gran. Den Norske Nordhavs-Expedition Pl. 1 fig. 4—7). April: 66° N. 24° W., rare. July: Westmannad, common. August: Westmannad, rare. September: Disco, not rare. November: 63° N. 13°—16° W., very rare. December: 46° N. 50° W. to 43° N. 61° W., rare to common. 1899 May: Westmanna6, rare; 60° N. 4° W., rare. June: Westmannad, rare. Temperature: 8.1, mean of 12 obs., max. 10.2, min. 2.7. Salinity: 33,27, mean of 12 obs., max. 35.32, min. 31.96. Plankton-type. Occurs in the northern Pacific (Lemmermann). — Ns. CHATOCEROS LONGISETUS CL. (Kongl Sv. Vetensk. Akad. Handl. Vol. XXXIV n. 1 Pl. VU fig. 25—29). 1898 March: 7° N. 5DdD° W. Temperature: 25.. Plankton-type: .\7v. ‘ QOstenfeld’s data for (. laciniosus Schiitt, but not for »(. Jac. aff, used. 20 506 DIATOMACEA:—CHATOCEROS CHAETOCEROS LORENZIANUS Grav. Ci. A Treatise on the Phyto-plankton PI. I fig. 18—15). 1897 December and 1898 January: 12°—20° N. 18° W.; Azores; 44° N. 17° W.; 6° N. 55? OW. “to. 19° ON. 45° OW: G@aribbean ‘Sea: 25°35? rie 14° W. Hebruary 13° N. 705° W. to 34° N74? Ww" March 29°35) Ne ch PoP Gan Weewzores ; j4120N. 91°2"98? W..: 49° N.. 18° ‘and. 33°° W277 —— 10° | N. 65°53" W-Carib- bean Sea; 28° N. 74° W.; 40° N. 64° W. Aprils. Azores; 49° "Noe W.. ta. Bl? ON GS Wie 72) sane 5b°—53° W.; Caribbean Sea; 42° N. 47° W. May: Caribbean Sea; 20° N. 60° W. July: Caribbean Sea. August and September: Azores; Caribbean Sea. October: Caribbean Sea; 42° N. 64° W. November: Azores. December: Azores; 18° N. 67° W. 1899 January: 33° N. 15° W; February: 32°—34° N. 47°—40° W. March: 47°—49° N. 8°—9° W. pra: -46° (N. W3° OW stor 49 Ne Te Wi Ne 7D WW: Temperature: 19.4, mean of 43 obs., max. 28.4, min. 11. Salinity: 35.72, mean of 29 obs., max. 36.96, min. 34.79. Plankton-type. ‘This species occurs in the tropical and tempe- rate Atlantic, round the Sargasso Sea, has in the spring the same distribution as the Styli-plankton in general, but reaches scarcely beyond 50° N. Although of frequent occurrence in the Desmo- plankton of the western Atlantic, it must be considered as belonging to the Styli-plankton. Occurs in the Mediterranean, Red Sea and Indian Ocean. — S. DIATOMACEA!—CHA:TOCEROS 307 CHATOCEROS OSTENFELDII (‘1.' (K. Vet. Akad. Handl. Vol. XXXIV n. 1 PI. VIIL fig. 19). 1898 April: 49°—48° N. 19°—29° W., abundantly; Farée Channel; S. of Iceland; 59° N. 28°—22° W., everywhere rare. May: The area between the Orkneys, 5S. Iceland and 57 N. 34° W., more or less abundant along 60° N. from 10 to 34° W June: 57° N. 46° W. rare. July: 63°—64° N. 14°—23° W., rare. August: 63°—65° N. 25°—33° W., more or less common. September: 64° N. 32° W. to 62° N. 21° W., more or less rare. Temperature: 8 to 135.s. Salinity: 35.50 (extremes 33 and 35.57). Plankton-type: ‘. CHATOCEROS PERUVIANUS brw. Cx. Fifteenth annual report of the Fishery Board for Scotland, for 1896, pag. 299 fig. 7). 1897 December and 1898 January: 12°—20° N: 19°—18° W.; 36° N. 27° W. to 44° N. bagels INC OU WwW. ton NS: 0s ° W February: 13°—16° N. 70°—71° W. March: 33°—36°, N.. 32°—29° W.; 1° .S. 287 W.; 3° N. 24° We: LO°1N...53° W. April; 48°. N. 29° W.; 15° N. 49° W. June: B1°' N. 48° W. August: Azores; 41° N. 57° W. September: Azores. Oatober:2t-, 5: 36°, W. 1899 Febrary: 34° N. 40° W. April: 44°—46° N. 15°—13° W:; June: 3°—4° §. 20°—19° W. IV "A, ~ ew @ — = ' Ostenfeld’s data for »C. /aciniosus aff.» used. 3508 DIATOMACEA:— CHAS TOCEROS Temperature: 21.6, mean of 28 obs., max. 28, min. 13.5. Salinity: 56.05, mean of 12 obs., max. 37.21, min. 34.33 Plankton-type. Noted from the Mediterranean, the Red Sea, the Indian Ocean and the Pacific. — S. (2). CHAETOCEROS RUDIS (1.! (C. borealis var. rudis Cu. A Treatise of the Phyto-plankton, Pl. I fig. 5) 1897 December and 1898 January: 32° N: 33% Wi 7° Nees AW «te 12° SN, “0? Wes IND OP AW #252 eae February: 5° S: 9°—4° Bs’ 6° S: 12° W.; 13°16 N. 70° — TOWN GG Nae Ae WN March: 65.42, Wes We 8, 27° Ws dO°UN. 20s BOO Nie38:— 8d" W597 IN. 59° Wer 28° N74 Wwe Aor il MAAN... FOR WW Pao uN 7 4 NV May: 28° N. 45°—47° W.; Azores. June: Azores. July: Von Ne Al Wo 38° IN. 74°) Wis A> ON 60F 58> We AUGUSE: IT. INA’ Wo 22° IN. 74° NNW OPIN oa he 42° N. 48° W. Bepsemben a) Ne 27S; dl Negtil Wien Oran 45! Ws BS TIN, 7AO IWS 42° NESTS NE October: 21° 3. 36° W.; 38° N. 74° W.; 41°—42° N. 59°— 5O° W. November: 40°—42° N. 67°—64° W.;. 44° N. 55° W.; 47° N. 41° W. 1309; April: 9° .N. 592 W. Wig 25° S072 E, Temperature: 23.1, mean of 58 obs., max. 28.s, min. 10. Salinity : 35.01, mean of 36 obs, max. 37.21, min. 32.84, excep- tionally 20.29. Plankton-type. Occurs in the eastern and western tropical Atlantic, not far from the coasts, which together with the low mean salinity indicates that this species is essentially a neritic form. — Nt and D. ' Since the above was written, | found this form to be the some as C. coarctauius Lauder. The above name must then be abolished. tn DIATOMACE.2—CHATOCEROS 309 CHAETOCEROS SALTANS C1. A Treatise on the Phyto-plankton PI. I fig. 8). {898 Apri: 10° N.- 53° W. Temperature: 22. Plankton-type. Noted from 38—36° N. 4&8 and 63° W. — I)? CHAETOCEROS SCHUTTII (x. Gran. Den Norske Nordhavs-Expedition Pl. IT fig. 19, 20). 1898 March: 45° N. 13° W. April: 39° N. 24° W.; 48° N. W. May: 45° N. 43° W.; 49° N. 99° bie 60° N. 1° W., common. June: Westmanna6, rare; 62° N. 2° 30' E., not rare. November: 53° .N.,32°.W., rare; 60° N. 1° W., rare; 63° N. 13° W., rare; 45°. N, 50° W., not rare; 45° N. 52° W., very common. December: 45° N: 51°—53° W.,,common. 1899 mga T oN ling Nike Gaby 220? Ni 11° 9° WW, April: 45 eS 13° W., rare; 48° N. 9° W., very common. May: | 51° N. ues oe rare; 60°—61° N. 4°—6° W., common. October: a3B° N. W., not rare. PSURs 51° ie 28 W., rare. Temperature: 11.5, mean of 21 obs., max. 22, min. 5. Salinity: 34.95, mean of 21 obs., max. 38.05, min 32.01. Plankton-type. [| have found this species in collections from Jedo Bay (Japan) and Puget’s Sound The salinity of some of the richest Atlantic collections was only 32.39 and 32.63, which indicates that this species is neritic, occurring only occasionally drifting in the ocean. — Nin. CHAETOCEROS SCOLOPENDRA UC. (Bih. Kongl. Sv. Vetensk. Akad. Hand]. Vol. XXII 3 n. 4 fig. 4, 5). 1898 March: 21° N. 18° W.: 41° N. 60° W.: 40° N. 68° W. April: 66° N. 24° W. 310 DIATOMACE.A.—CHA:TOCEROS July: 64° N. 23° W., not rare. 1899° Weg: 62° Ne 250s 615 Neve Bearares Gain 1° W.. are: Temperature: 9.5, mean of 6 obs., max. 15, min. 5. Salinity: 34.66, mean of 5 obs., max. 35.54, min. 32.56. Plankton-type. This species is not oceanic. The occurrence west of the tropical Africa is very remarkable, as it else occurs north and south of Iceland and in the winter plankton of the Skagerak. LEMMERMANN mentions it from the northern Pacific. —~ Ns. CHAETOCEROS SKELETON Scuitr.' (CL. A Treatise on the Phyto-plankton PI. IL fig. 3.) 1898 January: 44°-—46° N. 17°—11° W.; 7° N. 53° W. March: 1° 8S. 15° W.; area between the Azores, 45° N. 13° W. and 49° N. 18° W. April: 48°—50° N. 29°—8° W.; 10° N. 53° W. May: 48° N. 25°°'W)s' 50° N: 14° Ws 57° N. 28° Wr to 59° N: 1a" Wi Sune POON, Ae W. TulyE OO NBS OW Stor Ob) NEEBS AF. August: Azores; 63° N’'25° ‘W. to 65° N. 33° W. ‘September: Azores; Denmark’s Sound. October: 59° N..16° W. and, 60° N. 4° (W. Temperature: 15.4, mean of 24 obs., max. 26.2, min 11. Salinity: 35.61, mean of 19 obs., max. 36.28, min. 35.17. Plankton-type. The salinity and temperature prove that this species is an oceanic form of the Styli-type. It occurs chiefly in the eastern Atlantic, having once only been seen in the west, north of South America. In March and April it occurred between the Azores and the Engl. Channel, had is May advanced north of Rockall, in June to the south coast af Iceland, whence it in August drifted towards Greenland and the Shetlands. It occurs in the Indian Ocean. — S. ' Ostenfeld’s data used. DIATOMAGEALS—CHATOCEROS CHAETOCEROS SOCIALIS Lauper. (Ci. Bih. K. Sv. Vet, Akad. Handl. Vol. XXU 3 n. 4 Pl. Il fig. %.) 1898 April: Firoes. June: S. of leeland, common. July: W. of Iceland. 1899 July: 74° N. 20° W., common. Temperature: 0.: to %. Salinity: 31.22 to 35.44. Plankton-type. ‘This species is an arctic, neritic form, noted from Baffin’s Bay. Sound. Noted also from Hongkong. dantly in the Skagerak. — .\4q. [ have met with it in a collection from Puget’s It occurs, in the winter, abun- CHAETOCEROS (BOREALIS VAR.) SOLITARIA (x. (Fifteenth annual report of the Fishery Board for Scotland, for 1896 pag. 298.) 1898 March: 40°—41° N. 69°—70° W. dune: 65° N- 31° W. July: 61°—62°N. 4° W. Atigust: 65° No 12° W.; 76° N. V1" -E.- Temperature: 75, mean of 8 obs., max. Ll aties oa Salinity : 34.35, mean of 8 obs., max. 35.s4, min. Der. al Plankton-type. ‘lhe observations are too few for deciding the plankton-type to which this form really belongs. It has been found both i Stvli-, Tricho- and Cheeto-plankton. CHATOCEROS TERES (.' (Bih. Sv. Vet. Akad. Handl. Vol. XXII: 3 n. 4 fig. i 1898 March: S. of Iceland; Fiarées; W. of Norway, 58° N. 6° E. April: S. of Iceland; 43° N. 50° W. May: Farées; 61° N. 1° W. June: Fiarées; 58° N. 2° W.; 74° N. 23° E. Yew te 1 Qstenfeld’s data used. 512 DIATOMACE.2—CHA:TOCEROS August: Fiirées; 78°—80° N. 11°—12> E. September: W. Greenland, Disco, rare. December : 42° N. 39° W. to 45° N. 50° W., rare. 1899 March: 66° N. 19° W. April: 49° N. 7° W. May: 61° N. 1° E., rare; Fardes, not rare; Westmanna6, com- mon. June: 65° N. 1° W., rare. Jugs TiO ON, 21° W., rare; 79°—80° N. 10°—14° E. September: 74° N. 18° e to S.C lp Eh net rare: November: 52° N. 55° W., very rare. Temperature: 5.s, mean of 35 obs., max. 11.s, min. 0.7 Salinity: 34.41;, mean of 36 obs., max. 35.60, min. 32.12, eXx- ceptionally 26.51. Plankton-type: 7°, Ns. CHAETOCEROS TETRASTICHON (C1. (A Treatise on the Phyto-plankton PI. I fig. 7.) 1897 December and 1898 January: 32° N. 33° W.;.41° N.: 21° W.; 44°ON. 172 W5 46° N. 11°. W. February: 16° N. 71° W.; 26° N. 74° °W. Morch :<42° Noi? We tor iNns 2QtoWo: 22" Noo” AV ea: Neobr Ws 32° IN Ta, Wo aon Ne 13 OW, April MOON, (Oo NV a > 2a. ON 5 her ae Nl May: 23° N. 56° W.; 28° N. 47° W. JuneaO° N.b320Wee22eON MGOr Waa" Nob “We 30 IN: De? WW). Tala: Ma? N71? OWE 26° ON. M8 Wea? NE BO? Ws: aoa Ne 74° W. August: 22° N. 74° W.:-34° N. 73° W.; Azores; 41° N. 57° W. September: 25° N. 74° W.; Azores. December: 18° N. 67° WW: Azores. Temperature: 23.1, mean of 33 obs., max. 28, min. 11.9. Salinity: 36.16, mean of 19 obs., max. 37.04, min. 34.33. Plankton-type. This species occurred thus from March to DIATOMACEA2—CH-ETOCEROS 51 Os July in the Sargasso Sea and the Florida Current, advanced in August beyond 40° N. and appeared round the Azores from August to the end of the year. Scuroéper mentions it from Naples. — D. CHAETOCEROS VOLANS Scuitrr. C. currens Cu. Fifteenth annual report of the Fishery Board for Scotland, for 1896, pag. 298, fig. 8.) 1897 December 1898 January: 16° N. 18° W.; 41° N. 22° W. to 43° N18" W.; 46) N. 119 Ws 4° 5. 29° -W.; '80° N. 74° W. February: ‘Torre 7° W March: area: between 36° N. 29° W., 48° N. 6° W., 49° N. 33° W. and 43° N: 50° W.: 64° 'N. 25° W.; 9° Ni 59? W. April: area between 39° N. 24° W., 41° N. 19° W., 50° N. 9° W. and 48° N. 29° W. May: 45° N. 43° W.; 41° N. 51° W. June: Azores; 44° N. 9° W.; 10° N. 53° W-. July: 62° N. 0°—4° W.; 77° N. 7° E. (abundant); 4{)P—_41° N. 69°—d8° W. August: Azores; 77° N. 8°—12° E. (very common); 17° N. 71 W.; 40°—41° N. 66°—62° W. September: 59° N. 2° W.; 66° N. 18° W. (rare). October: Azores; 57° N. 18° W. (rare). November: 48° N. 29° W.; 55° N. 21° a (rare). December: 41° N. 66° W.; 47° N. 45° ust 1899 September: 65° N. 3° W. (very tee 65° N. 2° W. (rare). November: 51° N. 13° W., rare: Temperature: 14.1, mean of 52 obs., max. 27.2, min. 9.31. Salinity: 35.09, mean of 41 obs., max. 361s, min. 351,ss. Plankton-type. This form, which perhaps is a variety of ©. peruvianus, occurred in the spring, March and April, on the wide area between the Azores, the Engl. Channel, and the Newfoundland Banks and also south of Iceland, in July in the Far6ée Channel, in July and August abundantly at Spitzbergen; later it was seen only rarely. — S. ‘adh ag ~~ — —s DIATOMACEAt— CLIMACODIUM CLIMACODIUM BICONCAVUM (i. (A Treatise on the Phyto-plankton Pl. Il fig. 16, 17.) 1897 December and 1898 January: 19° N. 45° W. to 12° N. 50° W.; 25°—3b° N. 74° W. February: 16° N. 71° W. Mapeie: 32°" N. 43° W. to 1b? oN. 2a Wt IN. 707, Wie ase N. 74°_W. April: 10°—7° N. 53°—5b° W.; 14° N. 70° May: 16° N..71° W.; 28° N. 45° W. dunes: 10) Near War 10° Nv iG379 Wie 22° Ni GOS MW, dlys LO. AN. Ae W.; 25° N. 74° W.; 41° N. 58°—60° W. August: 28°—25° N. 74° W.; 42° N. 62°—50° W. September: 17° N. 48° W.; 20° N. 45° W. November: 42°-N. 64° W. enh, 26°°'S. 45°» Wi. 1399) Aprils 36° Ns 74° ING May: 35 > N, 1D, Ws dane: 1° N. 2a? We Temperature: 24.5, mean of 33 obs., max. 28, min. 16. Salinity: 35.81, mean of 21 obs., max. 37.41, min. 33.20. Plankton-type. (Occurs in the Mediterranean and the Red sea. —- J). CLIMACODIUM FRAUENFELDIANUM Gruv. (C. Jacobi Cu. A Treatise on the Phyto-plankton PI. II fig. 18.) 1897 December and 1898 January: 11° NJ: 20° W.; 12°°S. 34° W.; 97° No S3""W.. to 12° N. 50° W. February: Caribbean Sea. March: 3° N. 24° W.; 11° N. 19° W.; 9°--10° N. 59°—53° W. April: 14° N. 70°. W. May: 13° N. 51° W. Tuly Ase Nagi Weeails NESS? Wi August: 40° N. 66° W. to 41°. N. 57° W- September: 38° N. 74° W. DIATOMAGEA:— CORETHRON 315 November: 9° S. 34° W. 4° N. 30° W08° N. 28° w.: 40° +269" Ni, 68°-+64° Wi. 1899 June: 40° N. 38° W.; 12° N. 52° W. Temperature: 25.1, mean of 27 obs., max. 28, min. 182. Salinity: 55.2:, mean of 16 obs., max. 38.54, min. 33.11. Plankton-type: Occurs in the Red Sea, the Indian and Pacific Ocean. — J). CORETHRON HYSTRIX Hensey.! ‘Ci. Fifteenth annual report of the Fishery Board for Scotland, for 1896, pag. 299 fig, 15. Taos March sit? N, 16° W.; 25° N. 16° W.s 41° WNW 20 Wie 44° N. 17° W. and 48°. N. 6° W; 7° N. 5d°_ W. April: Azores; 48° N. 29° W.; 50° N. 9°) W. Wag: 7) Nig21 °° fo, '60° N.. 10°. Ws 602 Nu 285. Sir June: area between 60° N. 9° W., 63° N. 12° W. and 62° N. Doe Ke.> BINS tO, July: 63° N. 13° W.; Firée Channel; 62° N. 4° W. August: 5S. W. of Iceland to E. Greenland (65° N. 36° W.); S. of Iceland to the Fiir6es and the Shetlands; S. W. of Spitz- bergen, 76°—78° N. 11° E. September: Denmark’s Sound; 8. W. of Iceland; Fiirée Channel; TOR Nei2 19 os" to'768, NJ 13R4E. October: 63° N. 10° W. to 60° N. 4° W.; 41 November: 50° N. 10° W.; 41° N. 69° W. to December: 50° N. 9° W.. 41° N. 66° W. 1899 January: 41° N. 69° W.; 40° N. 66° W. June. 61° -N)°3° WW, September: 72° N. 19° E. to 73° N. 18° E.; 55° N. 44 W., WN. 67°) { very rare. Temperature: 10.1, mean of 58 obs., max. 182, min. 2.2 ex- ceptionally 25.9. Salinity: 35.12. mean of 50 obs., max. 35.58, min, 32.20. ' Ostenfeld’s data used: 516 DIATOMACE a2—COSCINODISCUS Plankton-type. This species belongs almost exclusively to the eastern Atlantic, having only once been seen north of South America. It was found in the spring west of Africa and in the area between the Azores and the E. Channel, had in May advanced to the north of Rockall, in June to the Firée Channel, reached Iceland in July and drifted thence in August towards EK. Greenland. In the winter it was seen in the region of the Newfoundland Banks. Lem- MERMANN mentions this species from the northern Pacific. — S. COSCINODISCUS ANGUSTE-LINEATUS A. Scum. Atlas der Diat. Kunde Pl. LIX fig. 34. 1899 July: 57° N. 23° W., common. Temperature: 15. Salinity: 35.44 Plankton-type: ‘. COSCINODISCUS BENGALENSIS (ron. (VAN Heurck Synopsis Pl. CXXXII fig. 9.) 1898 August, September, October: Azores. Temperature: 19.5, mean of 4 obs., max. 21.2, min. 18.5. Salinity: 36.2;, mean of 3 obs., max. 36.25, min, 36.18. Plankton-type. Noted from Elephant Point, Bengale. I have seen this species in plankton from the Red Sea. Probably a neritic form. —.N¢. COSCINODISCUS BIOCULATUS Grun. D. Diat. von Franz Josef-Land 1884 PI. III f. 30.) 1893 May.) 42, INI. OW. Temperature: — 0.1. Salinity: 34.26. Plankton-type. Noted from the North Siberian Sea and the coasts of Greenland — Ng. DIATOMACEA—COSCINODISCUS — — ~! COSCINODISCUS CONCINNUS W. 5m! (Roper Micr. Journ. Vol. VI, 1858 Pl. TIL fig. 12.) 1898 March: 7° N. 55° W., common; 49° N. 2° W., not rare; 41° N. 60° W. to 40° N. 70° W., as a rule rare. April: 60° N. 4° W., not rare; 50° N. 3° W., rare. May: 7 N. 54° W., common; 60° N. 7°—10° W., rare. June; Firdes, rare; 69° N. 54° W., rare. July: 59° N. 2° E. and 2° W..,. rare. Augus.: oO: N. 4°: W., very rare;.61° N.. 8° W., very rare; 59° N. 2° W., not rare. September; 60° N. 2°—6° W., more or less rare;.69° N. 53° W.., not rare. October: 63° N. 12° W., not rare; Farées, not rare; 60° N. 4 We-and 62° We-7- W., not rare; November: 63° N. 13° W., not rare; Firdes, common; 60°-— 61° N. 4°—5°. W., not rare; 41° N. 66°. W.,: rare. December: ¥Yirées, very common; 41° N. 61° W., common; 41° N. 66° W. 1899 January: Firées, common; 45° N. 49° W., rare; 41° N. 69° W. not rare. February, March and April: Firdes, common. May: Firées, common; 57° N. 3° E., not rare; 47° N. 57° W., not rare. Temperature: 7.4, mean of 35 obs., max. 11.s, min. 2.; — (North of S. America 26.6—26.7). Salinity: 34.70, mean of 35 obs., max. 35.55, min. 3l.s2. — (North of S. America: 31.s2—32.62). Plankton-type. This species occurs most abundantly in the region of the Fiirées, round the British Islands and along the E. coast of N. America. Its occurrence N. of S. America is very inter- esting. — Ns. 1 Ostenfeld’s data used. 318 DIATOMACEAI—COSCINODISCUS COSCINODISCUS EXCENTRICUS Enu.! A, Schmidt Atlas Pl. LVII fig. 46—49.) 1898 January: 48° N. 6° W.; 32° N. 74° W. March Aol Nz 18? Ww. April: 60°—61° N. 4°—7° W. May: 00" Nw We to. 58" Nic 1 2 is JuUntes we No Vane NN. August: 60° N. 4° W. September: 60° N. 4° W.; 60° N. 21° W.; 63° N. 25° W. October: rare from the Shetlands to 63° N. 12° W. and to GOP NS 27— W. November: 60° N. 4° W. to 62° N. 8° W. 1899 February: 60° N, 1° W. Morch: 62N 7° WW: 64 oN. t4° MW. April: 49° Ne 7° OW. Temperature: %).9, varying from 5.60 to 19. Salinity: 35.33, varying from 34.81 to 395.60. Plankton-type. ‘This species is widely distributed along the coasts and occurs only exceptionally in the oceans. As dead shells scarcely can be distinguished from those of C. so/, it is hardly pos- sible to indicate its distribution. — Ns ?. COSCINODISCUS NOBILIS (run. R. Micros. Soc. Journ. 1879 Pl. I fig. 1. Cose. gigas Janisch Gazelle Exp. Pl. TI La Ss fig. 4.) 1898 February: 5°—6° 8. 9°—12° E. Temperature: 26.2 to 27.s. Salinity: 20.29 to 33.93. Plankton-type: .\‘. ' Ostenfeld’s data used. DIATOMACE-E—COSCINODISCUS 319 COSCINODISCUS OCULUS IRIDIS Eun.’ (C. asteromphalus car. hybrida Grex. D, Franz Josef Land. Pl. II fig. %. 1898 January: 6 N. 5d° W., abundant. February: 13° N. 69° W.; 5.W. of Iceland; 50 WN. S04 WW. 34° N. 74° W.. abundant; 45° N. 50° W. to 49° N. 31° W. March: 71° N. 1° 30° W.; S. and 8.W. of Iceland; Faroe Channel; Denmark’s Sound; Davis’s Strait; 7 N. 54 W.; 63° N. 1° 36' E., common; 61° 33' N. 2° E.; 42° N. 12 WE 10 40 N.. 71° W.? Apit: 127 NY 5" W.; W. and 5. of Ieeland; SW. of the Fiir- des: 62° N. 2° E., rare; 44° N. 41° W. to 40° N. 70° W. gg. TN SE W578 N. 2° 30" W. to 68° No TT OW, abundant S.W. of Jan Mayen: S. of Iceland; N. of the Shet- lands; 45° N. 41° W. to 40° N. 7 d3-—ab6 W. June: North of Iceland (68° N. 19° W.) and thence into Den- mark’s Sound, 65° N. 31° W., very abundant at 66° N. 27° W.; E. of Spitzbergen, common; 45° N. 41° W. July: 64° N. 3° W. to 63° N. 1° W.; very rare at 49° N. 22° W., 30° N. 38° W. and 40° N. 67° W. August: rave at the Shetlands and KE. of Spitzbergen. September: rare N. of Iceland, W. of the Shetlands, at 56° N. 36° W. and 53° N. 49° W. October: very rare at 56° N. 31° W.; Faroes not rare. November: Westmannaé, common; 56° N. 30° W. (common) to 53° N. 49° W. (rare). December: 48° N. 40° W. to 41° N. 66° W. (abundant). 1899 January: 48° N. 39° W.; 43° N. 57° W., common; 41° N. 69° W. February: Faroes, common. March: 642 N. 11° W., 66° N. 20° W. and 65° N. 24° W., everywhere rare. 2° W., very common at April: Westmannadé, rare; Fiaroes, not rare. ' Ostenfeld’s data not used. 2 There is a misprint in my paper in Ofvers. Kongl. Sv. Vet. Akad. Forh. 1800 pag. 792, where stated 31° W. in stead of 71° W. 320 DIA TOMAGEA!—COSCINODISGUS May: Firoes, very common; 64° N. 12° W. to 61° N. 1° W., more or. less’ rare: 48> No 45 SW ose ie wy common. June: 71° N. 9°—10° W. and 69° N. 13° W., rare; Westman- nad, rare: “62° N. 2° E. not rare: between 67° N. 11° E., ZO INS 220° ai. and Oy INE (OPE, Aosta July: along the east coast of Greenland, between 71° and 75 N., usually rare, but in some spots common; 80° N. 140 0 7 5o ON. 40? H to 29" a es? i... nok are WoO ie 38° W. to 52° N. 44° W., in some spots very common. August: along the east coast of Greenland, 71°—73° N., rare; 16 IN. 412 E. rare: 80° IN: o4- EL. very common, senuember: Wd, AN. 44° KH Sto7o- NU 72 E.. nane. October: 56” N;, 81°, W.,. Fare. Temperature: for the northern Atlantic 6.7, mean of 34 obs., max. 19.3, min. — 1.5.1 — North of South America 25.1 to 26.7. Salinity: for the northern Atlantic 34.40, mean of 35 obs., max. 36.33, min. 30.98, exceptionally 26.51. North of South Ame- rica 32.62. Plankton-type. ‘This species is a decided arctic species, occurring most abundantly along the coasts and entering the Tricho- plankton. Its occurrence north of S. America is therefore extremely interesting, especially as I could not find any. difference between the tropical and arctic form. Occurs in Bering Sea. — T, Ns, Nog. COSCINODISCUS POLYCHORDUS Gray. (Den Norske Nordhavs-Expedition, 1876—1878, Protophyta pag. 30 Ph. IL fig, 33, PIP AW fis. 56) 1898 March: 58° N. 6° E. May: 72° N16" W. July: 5. of Iceland. October: Fiirées. 1899 April andMay: Farées. ' Only such samples considered as contained this species abundantly. that 1898 1899 lagic to DIATOMACEA‘—-COSCINODISCUS Bt Temperature: 5.1, mean of 6 obs., max. 7.7, min. — 0.» Salinity: 3%.s5, mean of 6 obs., max. 3556, min. 34.10. Plankton-type. The rare occurrence in the ocean indicates, this species is of neritic habitat. — Ng, Ns, exceptionally 7. COSCINODISCUS RADIATUS Eus. (A. Schmidt Atlas Pl. LX fig. 9.) January: 20° IN. 18° W., common; 48° N. 6° W.;, 37° N. hee WV March: 21° N. 18°. W.; 49° N. 22° W. April: Farées to 58° N. 1° W. May: Farées, common; 60°—61° NN. 1° Wis 41° (N- SG we rare. June: 60° N. 1° W., rare. July: Firdées not rare; 59° N. 2° W. August: Firées, rare. September: 59° N. 1° W., rare. October. Farées, not rare; 59° N. 1° W. November: Westmannaé, not rare; Fiirées, not rare; 60° N, {1° W., rare: 51° N. 20° W., rare. December: Fiirées, common; 43° N. 61° W., common. January: Fiirées, common; 47° N. 8° W., not rare; 45° N. 49° W. to 41° N. 69° W., more or less rare. February: Firées, common. March: NE. of Iceland, from 66° N. 20° W. to 63° N. 9 W., varying from rare to common; Firoes, common. May: 41° N. 56° W., rare. June: 66° N. 10° W., rare. June: 70° N. 13° W., not rare; 66°—67° N. 3°—10° W., rare; G27 No 1° ok. rare: July: 74° N. 17° W., rare. Temperature: 7.1, mean of 26 obs., max, 18, min, 0.7. Salinity: 34.81, mean of 25 obs., max. 59.69, min. 31.96 (common). Plankton-type. This form is evidently more neritic than pe- and occurs in the Arctic Sea, abundantly at the Fiirdes, round Iceland and round Scotland. — Ny and Ws. 21 522 DIATOMACE.E—COSCINODISCUS COSCINODISCUS (PLANKTONIELLA) SOL. Wa tticu. (A. Schm. Atl. Pl. LVIII fig. 43). 1898 January: OP 5. FOP Wie Or gar 18 Weel. ON. ol a ete 46° N. 11° °W 2072S aN @ OS" IWS N. 74° We March 1° ~S:; 15; —26° AW, varea nay the Azores, the E. Channel and EOE! Nei gor Wee voor WN, ea) area between the Azores, the Engl. Channel and 47° N. ON as ke BIN aN Vee vey area between Carte Finisterre, 41° N. 16° W., 43° N. 45° W. and 50° N. 14° W. (most common north of 45° N.); {f° N- 59? W? Tunes rab. —50° INV 12S Ween tare, October: 57° N. 18° W., rare November: O° S. 31° W.; area between 48° N.. 29°—41° W. and). D910 Newer 2 WV 1899 January: 33° N. 15° W.; 48°—ds0° N. and 39°—20° W., rare. March: 46° N. 11° W. April: area between 41°—44° N. 15° W. and 42° N. 18° W. May 132° 3. go) kk. JURC2e i sls. Be 1O.oL be Sa ae October: 52° N. 14° W.: 56°. N. 23°. W.. rare. November: 51° N. 13° W., rare Temperature: 15.5, mean of 72 obs., max. 27, min. 9%. yA Salinity: 35.so, mean of 56 obs, max. 36.61, min. 34.43; excep- tionally 20.39 and 22.51 Plankton-type. Noted from the Indian, Pacific, Mediterranean and Red Sea. It occurs in the Atlantic along the west coast of Africa, in March and April between the Azores and the E. Channel; advances in May beyond 45° N. From May rare or absent in that region. In September rare specimens had drifted towards Rockall. In November it reappeared between 48° N. and 56° N. It has been rarely seen in the western Atlantic, in the Florida current. — S. DIATOMACEA!— DACTYLIOSOLON ve nN aye es DACTYLIOSOLEN ANTARCTICUS (Casrr.' Challenger Exp. Diat. Pl. IX fig. 7). February: 60° N. 3° W., very rare. March: 41° N. 21°—23° W. to 49° N, 18°.W. April: area between 39 se OW. May: 48°—49° N. 29°—14° W.; area between 58° N. 2: the Fairéde Channel and 61° N. 1° 30! W. Janes GO>N-787 iW. to: G2° N. 2% 30% -. July: from 60° N. 23° W. along 59°—62° N. to U° 20’ W. August: 56° N. 34° W.; N. and 8S. of Iceland to the’ N. and S. of the Fiirées and to the Shetlands. September: 56° N. 28° W. to:d7° N. 14° W.; N. and S. of Iceland to the Fiirdes, the Shetlands and the Orkneys. October: S. of Iceland to 59° N. 3° W. and thence to d8° N. 32° W. and 56° N. 29° W. November: S. of leeland to the Fiirées and the Shetlands; 56° IN. 23° —36"_ W. 1899 March: 35° N. 16° W.,; rare; 47° N. 8° W, rare. April: 46°.N. 13° W.and, 48° N. 9° W., rare. November: 51° N. 13° W., rare. IN aol << Temperature: !1.7, mean of 40 obs., max. 15.5, min Salinity: 35.37, mean of 3% obs., max. 35.91, min. 33.7. Plankton-type. This species is very characteristic for the Styli-plankton of the eastern and northern Atlantic. It occurs abundantly the Antarctic Ocean (Castrac ). — S. i. DACTYLIOSOLEN HYALINUS (C1. K. Vet. Akad. Handl. Vol. XXXIV n. 1 Pl. VII fig. 33. [898 January: 34° N. 73 February: 34° N. 74 W. March: 41° N. 66° W. to 45° N. 36° W. ’ Ostenfeld’s data used. N. 24° W., 49° N. 9° W. and 47° N. —_ DIATOMACEA!— DACTYLIOSOLEN we to N We : June: 42° N. 50° W. to 45° N.° 41° W. October: 40° N. 67° W. November: 42°—43° N. 64°—61° W., not rare to common; A] ABO! IN xe. 41° Wore: or lessarares ol, Noes Wee common. December: 1°—42° N. 66°—63° W.. more or less rare. 1899 febp wary: : Ss il 3 Ya 9 ea Temperature: 14.1, mean of 52 obs., max. 20, min. 38. Salinity: 35, mean of 27 obs., max. 36.49, max. 32.62. Plankton-type. This species occurred as a rule associated with Styli-plankton. It appeared from February to June above the Newfoundland Banks, where it reappeared in November, as had the water, which contained this species, been covered by a sheet of an- other kind of water, that disappeared in November. — S. DACTYLIOSOLEN MEDITERRANEUS H. PreraGato. (Le Diatomiste Pl. XIII fig. 8—9, the variety fenu/s Cui. included), 1898 April: 49° N. 23° W., rare August: ee 60° N. 9° W. (very rare)°to (61° Nie10° W. (not rare); 63° N. 8° W.; 63°—64° N. 25°—27° W.., rare. September: 56° N. 28° W orare:*'59° Nut? IW.e 60°) N. 4° and 10° W., very rare; FarGes, rare. October: 57° N: 27° W.'‘to'- 58° N. 35° Wt rare: 602 'N. 4°62 W., rare. November: Azores. 1899 February: 34° pe 40° W , rare. Marsch: 47° N. 8° W., rare » Temperature: 15.7, mean of 10 obs, max. 21.4, min. 9s. Salinity: 35.53, mean of 10 obs., max. 36.85, min. 34.72. Plankton-type. Noted from the Gulf of Bengal, Mediterranean and the ‘(Red ‘Sea® —:S: bo Cyt DIATOMACEAJ3—DITYLUM; ETHMODISCUS BS ee DITYLUM BRIGHTWELLII West. Van Heurck Syn. Pl. CXIV fig. 4—9). 1898 March: 23° N. 17° W.; 48° N. 6° W. April: 44° N. 15° W.; 48° N. 5° W. August. 55 N.- 5° W- January: 41° N. 69° W. 1899 May: 60° N. 4° W. Temperature: 1.5, mean of 7 obs., max. 17, min. 6. Salinity: 34.85, mean af 4 obs.. max. 35.s2, min, 34.16. Plankton-type. This species is very common in the English Channel, the North Sea and the Skagerak. Its rare occurrence in the Atlantic and the low salinity prove that it is a neritic form. Oceurs in Puget’s Sound. — Ni. DITYLUM SOL. Trice. Sol. A. Scumiprs Atlas d. Diat. K. Pl. CLII fig. 4, 5, 7—9). 1898 June: 10° N. 53° W. Temperature: 27.2. Salinity: 56.01. Plankton-type. Noted from the Gulf of Bengal, Java, Hong- kong. — Nt. »>ETHMODISCUS SP.» Casrr. (Challenger Exp. Diat. Pl. XIV fig. 4). 1897 December : ao Nweao WW. 1898 February: 13°—16° N. 70°—71> W. March: 33° N. 32° W. May: 30° N. 42° W. October: 21° S. 36° W. 1899 January: 55° N. 49° W. April: 28° N. 75° W. Temperature: 21.;, mean of 7 obs., max. 27, min. 12. Salinity: 36.10, mean of 4 obs., max. 37.21, min. 39.54. Plankton-type. Fragments only have been found of this species, remarkable for its fine and characteristic structure. — 1). 326 DIATOMACEA.—EUCAMPIA. EUCAMPIA CORNUTA Ct. var.?! (Molleria cornuta Ci. Bih. K. Sv. Vet. Akad. Handl. 1 n. 11 PI. I fig. 6.) 1898 March: 21°—23°> N. 18°—17° W.;. 36°° N, 39° W.; 41° N. 66° W. August: Azores. Temperature: 17.5, mean of 4 obs, max. 23.7, min. 15. Salinity: 35.51 (one obs.) Plankton-type: The tvpe occurs in the Red Sea and at Java. S. EUCAMPIA GRONLANDICA (1. (Bih. Kongl. Sv. Vet. Ak. Handl. XXII. 3 N:o 4 Pl. II fig. 10) 1898 May: 67° N. 22° W. 1899 July: 78 UN, 53° Bae IN 20" WW. Temperature: —0.: Salinity: 29.95 to 34.26. Plankton-type. Occurs in Baffin’s Bay and, very rarely, in he fjords of W. Scotland and Scandinavia. — Nq. EUCAMPIA ZODIACUS Ein. (VAN Heurck Syn. Pl. XCV bis. fig. 1—4. 1898 March: 49° N. 33° W. to 41° N. 60° W., in some spots common. Apr so. NO 29° WN: to Oo ONY aun = BU No Mages, N.S > Wise Need NN June: 44° N. 9° W., rare. August: 41° N. 65° W., very rare. September: 59°—60° N. 2° W., rare; 41° N.-65° W., very rare. ‘ Atlantic specimens are much smaller than specimens from Java, ex- ceedingly delicate, so they can scarcely be seen if not mounted dry. The diaphragms are more close than in the type. Longitudinal axis 0.03 to O.os sagittal 0.02, transy- axis 0.01 to 0.2 m. m. Perhaps a new species. DIATOMAGEA!—FRAGILARIA 327 November: 43° N. 61° W. to 41° N. 68° W., as a rule rare. 1899 February: 34° N. 40° W.,.very rare. May: 50° N. 39° W., very rare. Temperature: 14.5, mean of 21 obs., max. 26, min. 10.s. Salinity: 35.19, mean af 17 obs., max. 36.35, min. 32.20. Plankton-type. This species is of neritic habitat and occurs in the ocean only occasionally, as a rule in Styli-plankton. [ have seen it in plankton from Jedo Bay, Japan, and from Puget’s Sound. eI Te Ce FRAGILARIA OCEANICA (.' (Bih. Kong]. Sv. Vetensk. Akad. Handl. 1 n. 13 Pl. XIV fig. 25). 1898 May: T0°—72° N. 13°—16° W.; 67°—68° N. 24°—17° W.; 63° N. 54° W.; 59° N. 49° W. June: 69° N. 54° W., very rare; 65° N. 31° W. to 66° N. 21 W;, 1899 May: 75° N. 2° E. June: 80° N. 14° E., . to. 742 N+20°VE. July: 74°—75° N. 17°=20° W., very common; 70°—72° N, 21° W., not rare; 80° N. 12° (common) and 16° E. (rare). Temperature: U.s, mean of 25 obs., max. 6.4, min. —1,3. , Salinity: 33.91, mean of 18 obs., max. 34.9; min, 31.98, excep- tionally 25.36. Plankton-type. ‘vpical arctic, neritic form. It occurs in the Hudson Bay. — Ng. FRAGILARIA STRIATULA l.yyan. (VAN HeurcK Syn. Pl. XLIV fig. 12). 1899 May—June: 66° N. 22° W. Temperature: 5.10. Salinity: 34.10. Plankton-type: .\s. ' Ostenfeld’s data used. 328 DIA TOMACEA!—GOSSLERIELLA, GUINARDIA GOSSLERIELLA TROPICA Scuirv. (Van HeurcK Treatise on the Diatomacée pag. 513). 1897 December: and 1898 January: 32°—34° N. 33°—30° W.; 35° N. 74° W., rare. February: 34° N. 73° W., rare. December: Azores, rare. March: 37° N. 26° W., very rare. Temperature: 18.s, mean of 6 obs., max. 20.9, min. 10.7. Plankton-type. My specimens were found in Styli- and Des- mo-plankton intermingled. — S? 1)? GUINARDIA FLACCIDA (Castr.)! or H. PERAGALLO Le Diatomiste PI. XIII fig. 3—d) [898 January: 16°— 21 N. 18°—20° W. March: 21° web 18° Ws 41° Ni 60° W. to 42° N, 42°°W-. April: 47°—48° N. 40°—33° W. May: 42° a 61° W.; 48° N. 33° W. August: 63° N. 8° W. (very rare) to 58° N. 2° W. (common at COP N.S We) September: 59° N. 2° W. (rare); 60° N. 2 W. (common). October: 41° N. 67° W., not rare. November 51° N. 20° AN common; 42 N. 64° W. to 47° N. 41° W., not rare, December: 18° N. 68° W., rare; 41° N. 66° W. to 43° N. D8° W. 1899 January: 41° N. 69 W., not rare; 45° N. 49° W. Temperature: 12.s, mean of 25 obs., max. 26.s, min. 6. Salinity: 34.72, mean of 22 obs., max. 36.11, min. 31.96 (very common, when salinity 32.99). Plankton-type. Occurs in the Mediterranean, the North Sea and the Skagerak. — Nv. ' Ostenfeld’s data used. DIATOMACEAS—HEMIAULUS D2 HEMIAULUS HAUCKII (run. (VAN Heurck Synopsis Pl, CIll fig. 10. {897 December: and 1898 January: 17°—13° 8. 38°—% Bn Wi TOON. DS” W. to Ze AN. 36° W. February: Caribbean Sea. March: 15° sh 49° W.: 22° N. 43° W.; 7° N. 55° W.; Caribbean Sea; 32°- ON. 74° W. April: 10° x. 5B W. 15° N. 49° W.; Caribbean Sea. May: 17° N. 50° W.;, 26° N. 52° W. June: 10° N. 53° w.; 22° N. 60° W.; 30°—33° N. 52°—48" Ws 41° N. 60° W. July: 26° N. 48° W. to’ 31° N. 39° W.; Azores. clugust: a a September: 33° N. 74° W.: Azores. October: 21> 2 36° W. Nooember: /18°—24° S. 31°—29° W.; 26° N. 48° Wa 42 WN. 63° W.; 46 7N a7. December: 14° S. 36° W.; 18 N. 67 W. 1899. January: 33°-—34° N, 15°—12° W. March : 35 ; 16° W. April: 32° N. 75° W. June: 21° N. 4 } July: 25° N. 36° W. — =~ ~ Temperature: 23.1, mean of 48 obs., max. 28, min. ‘ds. Salinity: 36.55, mean of 28 obs., max. 37.43, min. 54.ss. Plankton-type. Occurs in the Mediterranean, Pacific and Indian Ocean. — J). HEMIAULUS HEIBERGII (1. Bih. K. Sv. Vet. Akad. Handl. Vol. I n. 11 Pl. 1 fig. 7.) 1898 January: 6° N. 55 W.; 25° N. 74° W. February: 26° N. 74 330 DIATOMACEAS—HEMIDISCUS Marth: 7° N. 55° W. June. 10° N;,..53- WwW. Temperature: 24.s, mean of 5 obs., max. 27.2, min. 210.0. Salinity: 36.01 (one obs). Plankton-type. Noted from the Gulf of Guinea, the Mediter- ranean, the Red Sea, Gulf of Bengal, Java and Japan. — N¢, D. HEMIDISCUS CUNEIFORMIS Watricu. (Microsc. Journ. Vol. VIL, 1860 Pl. Il fig. 3—4. Euodia arceuata SCHHMODER.) 1897 December and 1898 January: 46° N. 11° W. to the Azores; 12° N. 50° W. February: Caribbean Sea; 34° N. 74° W. March: 36° N. 29° W.; Caribbean Sea. April: Caribbean Sea. May: 48° N. 25° W.; 43° N. 11° Wi Azores: 237 NAS6> W Jute: 248°CN W338 4W ) NWO lye ate bd Ne Ade NV, December: 62° N. 10° W. ' Ostenfeld’s data used. ~~ — — DIATOMACE.A:——RHIZOSOLENIA Temperature: 15.;, mean of 26 obs., max. 27.3, min. 7. Salinity: 35.26, mean of 24 obs., max. 36.33, min. 32.96. Plankton-type. Qecurs in plankton from Jedo Bay, Japan. — S. RHIZOSOLENIA CYLINDRUS (1.' (A Treatise on the Phyto-plankton PI. II fig. 12). 1897 December: and 1898 January: 12° N. 50° W.; Caribbean Sea; 25° N. February: Caribbean Sea. March: 3° N. 24° W. april: 10% IN, oa.) W. May: Caribbean Sea; 41° N. 56° W, July: 24° N. 54° W.; 40° N. 67°—58° W. August: 40° N. 66° W. to 42° N. 50° W. September: 9° N. 53° W.; Caribbean Sea. October: Caribbean Sea; 34° N. 74° W. December: Caribbean Sea. ~! + a <= Temperature: 25.;, mean of 20 obs., max. 28.1, min. 19.s. Salinity: 34.95, mean of 13 obs., max. 36.38, min. 33.20. Plankton-type. This species has been seen once in the Guinea Current: else’ it seems confined to the sea along the north coast of South America, the Caribbean Sea and Florida Current. In July, August it follows the Desmo-plankton between 67°-—50° W. beyond ‘O° N. The low mean salinity indicates it as a more neritic than oceanic form. ScHropER mentions it from Naples. — Nr (of the western Atlantic). RHIZOSOLENIA DELICATULA (1. (Kongl. Sv. Vet. Akad. Hand]. Vol. XXXII n. 8 pag. 28). {898 March: 58° N. 6° E. August: Azores. Temperature: 6 to 25.7. 1 Ostenfeld’s data not used. 342 DIATOMACEA:—RHIZOSOLENIA Salinity: 34.5». Plankton-type. ‘This species appeared in the Engl. Channel in April and November, in the southern North Sea in August and September, also in the Skagerak. — Ni. RHIZOSOLANIA (ALAFA VAR.) GRACILLIMA Cx.' (PERAGALLO: Le Diatomiste 1892 Pl. XVII fig. 12.) 1897 December: and 1895 January: 7° N. 53° W.;-25° (N. 72a W 2. 30 N. 275 Wo to 4oo Nido We February: 5° 5..4°_E.; Caribbean Sea; 34° N. 73 March: 4°—6° 8. 10°—4° W.; 7—10° N. 55°—53° W.; 36° N. 74° to 41° N. 66° W.; area between 33° N. 32° W., 43° N. 41° W. and 49° N.-18°. W. Aprils], iN. D> Wooster oN. AOS WAG OO maN ick wee May: 42° N. 60° W. to 45° N. 42° W. (common); 34° N. : WOU SBN ie Wea U™ Ni Fo, June: 10°’ N:-83°- WS 33% N. 48° Wi; Azores; 42°¢NISO° W., rare; 48 N. 6° W. very abundant; 45° N. 42° W. July: Azores; 48° N. 14° W.; 77° N. 7° E., common; 40° N. 67° W.; rare. : August: Azores; 59°—61° N. 3° W.—Sd° E.; 58° N. 5° E.. very common; 76° N. 9° E. (common) to 80° N. 11° E. and 81° NN.) 24°: September: 50° N. 9°- “141° W., common; 60° N.'11°—2° W:: Mg Ne OT OWE. tare: October: 38° N. 73° W., common, November: 47° N. 41° W. (rare). December: 62° N. 10° W., common. 1899 Kebruary: 34° N. 40° W., rare. May: 50° N: 39° W., rare; 58° N. 3°_E., “not ‘common: June: 68° N42? W.,i rare, 7 150N 6° rare: July: 62° N. O° W., very common. August: 60°—61° N. 3°—O0° W., common. we bo ' Ostenfeld’s data used. DIATOMACEA2—RHIZOSOLENIA Ay September: 62° N. 1° E., very common; 65° N.: 1° W., very common (deep sea haul from 100—O m., maximum at 50 m.) 66°-—67° N. 2°—3° W., not common or rare. Temperature: 14.1, mean. of 16 obs., max. 21.4, min. 5.x (only such observations considered as relate to samples containing this form abundantly). Salinity: 34.78, mean of 14 obs., max. 36.25, min. BOs. Plankton-type. [| have found this form in samples from the Red Sea. It occurs more or less sparingly in the Equatorial, An- tilles and Florida Currents. Its principal area of distribution is the area between the Azores, the west coast of Europe and the Fiirée Channel. I never found it @#bundantly in the North Sea, but in the Skagerak and along the Seandinavian coast it occurs during the summer in great abundance. As it occurred in September 1899 very abundantly in the deeper water-layers at 62°—65° N. 1° E. — 1° W., there is reason to believe that it arrives into the Skagerak through the »Norske Rende». It seems thus to follow the 200 metre plateau round the French and British coasts. In some years it pro- cedes so far as off Beeren Island, where it was found abundantly in September 1896. — Nim, S. RHIZOSOLENIA GRACILIS H. 1. Siri?! (PERAGALLO: Le Diatomiste 1892 Pl. XVI fig. 17.) 1898 August and November: Azores, abundant. Temperature: 138.5. RHIZOSOLENIA HEBETATA Bat. PERAGALLO: le Diatomiste 1892 Pl. XVII fig. 10). 1898 March: 61° N. 5° W. April: 50° N. 10° W. * Seems to be a dwarf-form of R. setigeru. SU — HS DIATOMACEAL RHIZOSOLENIA August: 77°—76° N. 12°—8° E., in some spots common. September : 76" _ 13° Beto .75% Nel 7h not rare: November: 45° N. 52° W.; 52° N.. 38° W.: 53° N. 50° W. December: 50° . 9° W.; 48° N. 40° W. 1899 March: 49° N. 9° W. —_ Temperature: 7.s, mean of 17 obs., max. 12, min. d.si. Salinity: 34.ss, mean of 17 obs., max. 35.65, min. 32.63. Plankton-type. The distribution is very remarkable, first for the by no means rare occurrence in the arctic and northern Atlantic in 1898 and its total absence there in 1899, secondly for its absence in the temperate Atlantic. It is found in the Tricho-plankton of the bering Sea. There is thus reason to believe that it derives ultimately from the northern Pacific. — 7. RHIZOSOLENIA OBTUSA Hensen.! Ge. alata car, truncate GRAN. D. Norske Nordhavs-Expedition, 1876—78, Proto- ° phyta Pl. V fig. 41). 1808 Marchi:158°% NOGA = 21° N. 602 April: bd—N. ie W.; ao N. 24° W., not rare. May: 70°—72° N. 13°14 W.; Farées rare to very common; Shetlands, rare; 60°—62° N. 2°—33° E., not rare; 61° N. 11° W., very ‘rare; 57° N. 25° W.., rare; »58°—60° N.°35°— 38° W., 59° N. 49° W. and 63° N, 54° W. June: 69° N. 15° W.: Denmark’s Sound; 62° N ° 'W..; Fiirées, very common; 62° N. 2° E.; SE. of Beeren Ree July: Firées, rare; 78° N. 5° K. August: 77°—78° N. 11°—12° E., rare to common. September: Farées, common; d9° N. 50°. W. and 69° N. By = W.. srare>0'7Or iN Awl: whe December: 41° N. 66° W. -1899 March: 49° N. 9° W., rare. April: Westmannaé, rare. May: 61°—62° N. 1°—2° E., rare. ' Ostenfeld’s data used. DIATOMACE-—RHIZOSOLENIA 5345 June: 63° N. 1° W. to 69° N. 13° W.. at some spots common: 72> 'N. 9° Wi; rare; 73° N. 4° W., rare; 77° N. 14° E. and 62° N. 2° B., rare. September: 80° N, 13° E., very rare. se Temperature: 6.2, mean of 43 obs., max. 13.5, min. —1.s. Salinity: 34.95, mean of 42 obs., max. 35.65, min. 31.9s, excep- tionally 26.51. Plankton-type. Scuréper mentions it from Naples. — 7. RHIZOSOLENIA ROBUSTA Norn. PERAGALLO: le Diatomiste Pl. XIV fig. 1). 1898 January: 12° N. 19° W.; 21° N. 17° W. February: 5 5. 9° K.; 13° .N. 70° W. Margene as ) SN. 16%-Wis 21° N. 18° W.;23°.N. 17° Wisse Ne. Bo, WV. April: 50° N. 3°: W. 1899 April: 9° N. 59° W. June: 4° 8. 19° W. Temperature: 21, mean of 11 obs., max. 27,3, min. 12. Salinity: 34.93, mean of 3 obs., max. 35.60, min. 33.9s. Plankton-type. Noted from the Mediterranean, Java and the Pacific. It occurs in the tropical Atlantic, both west of Africa and north of South America and seens to be of neritic habitat. — .V¢. RHIZOSOLENIA SEMISPINA Hensen.! (Fiinfte Ber. Komm. in Kiel fiir 1882—86 Pl. V fig 39). 1898 January: 33° N. 31° W., rare; 48° N. 6° W., rare. March « 48° N. 18°. W.; 53° N. 20° W.; 48° N. 6° W.+to 44 N. 21° W.; 43° N. 45° W. to 40° N. 71° W. April: 73° N. 5° W., not rare; Firée Channel, not rare; 60 N. 19° W. to 59° N. 30° W.; rare at the south end of Green- land; 44° N. 40° W. to 40° N. 70° W. ’ Ostenfeld’s data used. 46 1899 such DIATOMACEA!——RHIZOSOLENIA May: 78° N. 2° 30! W. to” 68?) Nv 17°—=215" W.,) more, ‘or less rare; from S. leeland to Scotland, not common; Shetlands, abundant; 61° N. 23° W. to the S. of Greenland, common; 63° N. 54° W., not common; 38° N. 21° W.; 49° N. 23° W. N. 54° W. : June: 69° N. 15° W. to 65° N. 31° W., not common; 8S. Iceland to Scotland; 62° N. 2° 30' E.; from Cape Farewell (common) to 66° IN '5b7 OW) \@are)s! 4n ING a eye alle iN ergy 2 Savy July: Ol ON. Oo W., rare; oT ON; 42 WV ., sco rman. August: Azores, rare; Irish Channel, rare; Firée Channel; Spitzbergen, 77° N. 12°—23° E., common; SW. of Iceland, rare; K.° Greenland, 65° N. 35°—36° W. September: very sparingly SW. of Cape Farewell and W. of Greenland: 66° N? 55° Wi" 59° No 1. Ws not) rare: October: S. of Iceland. November and pace ye Azores, rare. March: ne N. 24° W., rare; 49° N. 9. W., common. LON aye a common; 48° N, 9° W., rare nea i N. 5° W., rare; Westmannad, not common; 61° N. 6°. Wet not. rare G1? N21 1° “Exirare: 2582 Ne 47 aie Barer te N. .26°> (Wy marer’'50° (N. 39° Wo, are-"ae" NF a W. and 47° N. 50° W., very common; 47° N.:57°.W.,.rare;,79° N 2. has June: carea. between,/6°) .N..9° W.,..69° -N...13° .. Wiw Baer Ne 6? W. and 68° N. 3° W. varying from rare to common; 62° Ne deo? es, sane 70 ok Now Ui pel Ou aia Negahae wit rmmm@nres or less rare. July: 79° N. 40° :E. tov80°..N. 14° K. avery rare) 73 UN.Ob la August: 76° N..41° E. common. September: Beeren Island, rare to common. Temperature: 7, mean of 38 obs., max. 16, min. —1l.2 (only samples considered as contained this species abundantly). Salinity: 34.77, mean of 39 obs., max. 35.94, min. 31.77. Plankton-type: | have found this species in samples from Hudson Bay. — 7. we ~! DIATOMACGKE.L—RHIZOSOLENIA RHIZOSOLENIA SETIGERA Irw. (Ci... Fifteenth annual report of the Fishery Board for Scotland, for 1896, pay. 301 fig. 12). 1898 March: 7° N. 55° -W., common; 41°. N. 21° W. June 10°. N: 53° Wi. , Temperature: 25.5, to 27.2 (tropical Atlantic); [4.5 (temperate Atlantic). Salinity: 51,2 (tropical Atlantic). Plankton-type. The almost complete absence of this species in the ocean proves that it is neritic form; its occurence north of South America, as well as in the spring in the Skagerak, proves that this species is a very eurythermous form. Scurodper mentions it form Nap- les. — Nt, Nm, Ns. RHIZOSOLENIA SHRUBSOLEI (.' (PERAGALLO: Le Diatomiste 1892 Pl. XVII fig. 8, 9). 1898 January: 20° N. 18° W. February: 34° N, 73° W. March. 18°—21° N.20°—18°W.: Azores; 41° N.:20° ‘W.: 49° N. 20° W.; 44°°N. 48° W.; 41° °N. 60° W. April: Azores; 49° N. 12° and 19° W_; 60° N. 4° W. May: 57° N. 25° W. to 60° N. 9° W., more or less rare. Jule: area between 64° N. 22° W. and 60° N. 4°—9 W., rare; 57° N. 34° W., rare. July: area between 58° N. 32° W., 60° N. 23° W. (common), 60° N. 4° W. and 58° N. 23° W., on the whole rare. August: Azores; area between 58° N. 7° W., 60° N. 2 ang GO- N: (10°: W:, rare: "63° N. 25° W. to 64° N. 32 rare. W.; W., September: Fiarées, common; 60° N. 2> W. October: 63° N. 12° November: 63° N. 13° W.. rare: Fiir6ées, rare. 13° W., rare: Fiirées, rare. ' Ostenfeld’s data used. 348 DIATOMACEA2—RHIZOSOLENIA 1899 January: Farodes, rare. Mag: 58° -N.,.37) Hy anarer November: 51° N: 13° W., rare. Temperature: 12.6, mean of 24 obs., max. 20.4, min. 7.s. Salinity: 35.01, mean of 17 obs., max. 35.54, min. 33.35. Plankton-type. This form has been found in the Mediterra- nean, the Indian Ocean and at Jedo Bay (Japan). It occurs in the Atlantic rarely or in scattered specimens only, but during the spring and summer gregariously in the Engl. Channel and southern North Sea. It is thus a neritic form, which belongs to the eastern coasts, as it has been seen once only in the Florida Current. As many other species of the southern bank-water it was in the winter seen in the Cape Verde region and in the spring between the Azores and the Engl. Channel. — Nim. RHIZOSOLENIA STOLTERFOTHII Peracatcvo.! ‘Le Diatomiste 1892 Pl. XIII fig. 17—18). 1898. Janwarg: 12° °N. 19° W.; 20° .N. as" WW. March: 21> Nis? W3.41° N.+66°,.W: fio, 40° NSW April: Azores; 48° N. 8° W.; Engl. Channel; 47° N..40° W. May: 59°—6G6° N. 15°.—13° W.; 40° N. 43° W.; 42° N. 61°— 65° W., everywhere rare. June: 10° .N. 53° W., rare. July: 59°—62° N. 6°—O° W., rare. August: 60° N. 2°—3° W.; 64° N. 27° W. September: Shetlands, common. October: Orkneys and. Shetlands, rare; 41° N. 59°—67° W., not common. November: 47°, N.. 41° W.; 43° N. 61°) W,, 42°N. 64° W., everywhere rare. December: 18° N. 67° W., rare. 1899 March: 47° N. 8° W... rare. May’: 59° N,. 29 KE... yery rare: Ostenfeld’s data used. DIATOMACEA!—RHIZOSOLENIA 3B4Y Y) Temperature: 14.5, mean of 27 obs., max. 27.2, min. 8. Salinity: 35.06, mean of 21 obs., max. 36.11, min. 32.60. Plankton-type. This species occurs along the continental -coasts from Cape Verde to the English Channel and west of the british Islands to the Shetlands. Rare specimens drift to the south of Iceland. It occurs also along the North American coast from the Newfoundland Banks at least to 677 W. It has only once been ob- served north of South America. [t is very common in the summer in the English Channel and in the southern North Sea. According to LEMMERMANN it occurs in the Mediterranean, the Pacific and the China Sea. I have seen it in plankton from Jedo Bay. — Nm. RHIZOSOLENIA STYLIFORMIS brrw.'! ‘Van Hewurck Syn. Pl. LXXVIII fig. 1—d. — 1898 January: 0° N. 26° W..to 21° N. 17° W.; Azores to 46° N. Pi Wee 7639 Ne 20> AW is 7° NN. 58° 'W.-toit4a Wx 49° Wie Caribbean Sea; 25°-—32° N. 74° W. February: 50° N. 10° W.; 63° N. 17° W.; Caribbean Sea; Ba- hamas; 26° N. 74° W. March: 4°--1° S. 10°—15° W.; 18° N. 18° W.; 25° N. 16° W.; 33° N. 32° W. to the Engl. Channel; from 40° N. 68°—72 W. to 51° N. 27° W. and the Engl. Channel; 15° N. 49° W. and 25°-N. 41° W., rare; Caribbean Sea: 28°—32° N. 74° W. April: area between 34° N. 75° W., 40° N. 70° W., the Engl. Channel and 41° N..19° W.; 58° N: 38° W. to 59° N. 22 W. and at 60° N. 4° W., rare. May: Azores to Cape Finisterre; from New York to the mouth of the Engl. Channel; area between 57° N. 38° W., 61° N. 28> W., 60°..N.,9°.W. and 57° N...25° W.; Davis's Strait, 63 N. 54° W., very rare; area between 11° N. 52° W., 16° N. Ai We iand, 23° N.56° W. June: area between 45° N. 26° W., 42° N. 9° W. and 48° N. 17° W.; area between 8S. Iceland, the Fiirdes and 60° N. 9 Wig 197.637, tovdl? oN: 50? W.; 41° IN. o9° Wistb” 41° W. ' Ostenfeld’s data used. 3d0 DIA TOMACE.E— RHIZOSOLENIA July: Azores; 48°—50° N. 14°—11° W. (common at 50° N. 11 W.); area between 58° N. 36° W.; 62° N. 0° W. and Iceland (common at the Fiirées and 62° N. O° W.;) 40° N. 69° W. to 42° N. 48° W.; 25° N. 48° W.; Caribbean Sea; 21°! ND 68° Wis 2b? Ni 74° WW, August: Azores; 49° N. 14° W.; 635° N. 35° W. to. 60° N. 3° E., maximum 8. of Ieeland; S.W. of Spitzbergen, 77°-—78~ Ni 99 2OP 4 7OON. 399 Wioto 4k NivGb° Wo T4= NOY7O? W. to 38° N. 74° W. September: 30° N. 35° W. to the Azores, rare; 56° N. 28° W.., - common; 60°—63° N. 27°—26° W. to-59°°N. 1° W., maxi- mum W. of the Farde Channel and 5S. of the Shetlands; N. of Teeland:” rare at be@-.N. 39° W.. 59° N.- 50" Wo and 65° N. 36° W: Beeren “Island, 76> N. 16° 'E.; 9° N. 53° W.: Caribbean Sea; Bahamas; 33° N. 74° W.; 46° N. 48° W. October: Azores, rare; area between 57° N. 42° W., S. Ice- land and the Shetlands (maximum N.W. of Rockall); Davis's Strait, 66°—69° N. 54°—dd° W., very rare; N. of Newfound- land, 53° N. 52° W. and at 41° N. 58° W., rare; Caribbean Sea; 34° N. 74° W., rare. November: 56° N. 36° W.. to. 56° N.. 17° 'W.,.more or less rare; between Iceland and the Fiar6es, common, thence rarer to the S.W. of Iceland and to the Shetlands; common at 45° N. 50° W., but rare at 53° N. 49° W. and 40° N. 67° W. December: S. of Ieeland and at the FirGdes, rare; 46° N. 50° W. to 41°.N. 66° W., not rare; Brazil Current, 18°—26° 5S. 38°—45° W., more or less rare; Porto Rico. 1899 January: Farées, rare; 45° No 49° W. and 41° N. 69° W., February: Farées, rare. March: Azores; 41° N. 21° W. to 49° N.. 9° W. April: Azores to 48° N. 9° W., more or less rare; Firoes, rare; 32° N. 75° W., rare. May: 47° N. 50° W. to 51° N. 14°.W., common at 51° N. 26° W.. -and ' 47°—48° Ni 50°—45° W °F ares, “rate; 57> N. 3° E. to? 61° N17 5K... “rare: June: 4° 81° NU 19°-223° OW. .morevor-less"rare;, 49 Ny 31° W., very rare; 62° N. 1°—2° E. to 66° Ni 3” W. July: 62° N. 0° W., common; 56° N. 38° W., common; 57 N. 31° Werare. DIATOMACE.E—SKELETONEMA 351 August: 72° N. 26°, BS rare;,.55° N.. 26° W.-to 56° N. 38° W., very common. September: 68°—69° N. 8°—10° W., rare; 74° N. 18” E. to 80 N. 13° E., rare to common: 56° N: 23° W.°to.53°.\N.. 51 W., common at 33°—40° W. October: 56° N. 23° W., rare;. 53° N..34° W., not. rare. November: 52°—48° N. 48°—46° W., rare. Temperature: 12, mean of 38 obs.; max. 26, min. 5.5 (only such samples considered as contained this species abundantly). Salinity: 34.79, mean of 38 obs., max. 36.57, min. 32.s2. Plankton-type: This species is found in the Pacific and in the Mediterranean. It appeared in January 1898 in the S. Equatorial Current and followed it to the N. of S. America and into the Carib- bean Sea. It was seen in December in the Brazil Current. In the east Atlantic it follows the African coast to the Canaries and the Azores, whence it continues towards the Engl. Channel. In April and May its area of distribution extended across the whole Atlantic be- tween 40° and 50° N. It had, already in May, advanced beyond 60° and reached Iceland in June. From S. Iceland it went towards E. Greenland and was in October seen in Davis's Strait. On the other hand it went from S. Iceland towards the Shetlands. It was seen in September N. of Iceland and, already in August, at Spitz- bergen. — S. SKELETONEMA COSTATUM ((Grey.).’ Van Heurck Syn. Pl. XCI fig. 4—6). 1898 March: 37° N. 74° W. August: rare in the Irish Channel, at the Shetlands and at Westmannad. Temperature: 10.2—135.s. Salinity: 34.05 to 34.16. Plankton-type. Found in Jedo Bay, Japan, and in the Gulf of Bengal. It is apparent from the above data, that this species, so abundant near the coasts, is a neritic form. As it occurs in the North Sea and Skagerak together with northern species it is to be considered as belonging to .\s. ! Ostenfeld’s data used. OD ~ on ho 1898 1898 1899 DIATOMACEA!—SKELETONEMA, STEPHANOPYXI1S SKELETONEMA TROPICUM Cx. (K. Sv. Vet. Akad. Handl. Vol. XXXIV n. 1 Pl. VII fig. 30, 31.) January: "6" SIN aD NV. March Tor aa Wy June; 10° N. 53° W., very common. December: 29° S. 49° W. Temperature: 25.3 mean of 5 obs., max. 27.2, min. 23.s. Salinity: 34.53 and 36.01. Plankton-type: .\/. STEPHANOPYXIS TURGIDA (Grey. (Cressicellia t. Grey. Micr. Journ. Vol. VII, 1859, Pl. VIEL fig. 14. January: 21° N. 17° W. February: 6°—5d° S$. 12°—9° E. Mareh: 79° No AZ We 2t? N218° W.;. 407 N.. 7022 Ws ito 47°oNe 27° W., common at 41° and 45° W. April: 40° N. 70° W., rare; area between 40° N. 41° W., 47° N. 40° W. (common) and 48° N. 33° W; 50° N. 3° W, May: 48° N. 30° W., rare and dead. : June: 44° N. 9° W., very rare. October: 41° N. ‘67° W., not rare. November: 41° N. 66°—69° W., more or less rare; 51° N. 20° W., not rare. December: 41° N. 66° W., very rare. January: Canaries, rare; 41° N. 69° W., rare. February: 34° N. 40° W., common. Temperature: 13.;, mean of 35 obs., max. 27.3 min. 6. Salinity: 54.33, mean of 30 obs., max. 36.52, min. 32.20 excep- tionally 20.29. nity, Plankton-type. This species is, as is seen from the low sali- a neritic form, occurring along the coast of Africa. . In March and April it appeared suddenly between 40°—50° N., from Newyork to the north of the Azores and simultaneously in the English Channel. After May it had almost completely disappeand from the Atlantic, but in November it appeared again south of Nova Scotia — Nm. DIATOMACEAZ—STREPTOTHEGA, THALASSIOSIRA ~~ ~ we STREPTOTHECA THAMESIS Survuss. (Cl. A Treatise on the Phyto-plankton PI. IL fig. 19.) 1898 January: 48° N. 6 W. March: 45° N. 36° W. April; 58° N: 2° W. 1899 March: 48° N. 6° W. April: 50° N. 6° W. Temperature: 10.2, mean of 5 obs., max. 13 min. 8. Salinity: 35.52. Plankton-type. This species occurs in the southern North Sea, in the mouth of the river Thames, at the coasts of Scotland. but in the Atlantic only occasionally. The above mean salinity it therefore to be considered as anomalous. — Ni. THALASSIOSIRA GELATINOSA (Hrnsey). (A. Schm. Nord Sea Diat. Pl. XXXVIII fig. 3. 1898 April: 63° N. 18° W., common. 1899 June: 69° N. 13° W.;.65° N. 1° W. (deep sea haul from 200 to: © m:). Temperature: 7. Salinity: 26.51. Plankton-type. Found in the Arctic Sea, the North Sea and the Skagerak. It occurs also in the northern Pacific (between Vancover Island and British Columbia, Lemmermann). — Ng. THALASSIOSIRA GRAVIDA (1. ! (Bih. Kong]. Sv. Vetensk. Akad. Handl. Vol. XXII 3 n. 4 Pl. II fig. 14—16, - D. Norske Nordhavs Exped. 1876—78 Protophyta Pl. IV fig. 57—S8. GRAN, 1898 March: 74° N. 5° W., rare; 58° N. 6° E; Firées, rare; 40° N. 68°—69° W. April: 66° N. 24° W., common; S. of Iceland, not rare; Fiir- oes, rare; W. of the Shetlands, rare; 42° N. 47° W. and 40° N: 68° W., rare. ' Ostenfeld’s data used. 3)4 DIATOMACEA2—THALASSIOSIRA May: 73° N. 10°( Wotan’; 7220 N. MS? PW. tos 70> IN 4° oe very common; 68° N. 17° W., rare; Fairdes. rare; 68° N. 21° W. to 67° N. 25° W., common; SW. of Greenland, rare; from ee Farewell to 63° N. 54° W:, common. : June: 73° N. 5° W., very common; 66° N. 28° W-: to 67° N. 29° W., very common; Westmannad, rare; Fiirées, rare; 6a— UN, 56", W.-to (097 N... 54 Wie 59° Neo W common: July: Fiirées, common. August: 66° N. 55° W.; 65°—66° N. 36°—37° W.; Farées; N. and W. of Spitzbergen, rare. September: Fiarées, rare; 69° N. 53° W., common; 65° N. 55° W.., rare. October: Fiirées, rare. 1899 March: 66° N. 20°—24° W., rare; 65° N. 24° W., not rare. April: Fiirées, common. May: N., 5. and E. of Iceland, more or less rare; Fiirées, rare. ol Ne “We weonmron: 75 Ne 2 oO” bs. June: 13 IN,..AOr Ws rare i6So UNG Wile not rarer. 76> aNe 20° Ee rare: July: 71°—74° N. 17°—22° W., more or less rare; 80° N. 12° -14° K., very common to rare; ‘78° N. 53° E., rare. September: 75 ° N. 18° E., not rare; 80° N. 13° E., rare: Temperature: 2.7, mean of 22 obs., max. 7.s, min. — 1s. Only such samples considered as contained this species abundantly. Salinity: 54.03, mean of 21 obs., 35.18, min. 31.9s. Plankton-type. Arctic form. I have seen it in samples from Hudson Bay. — 7. (Ng, Ns). THALASSIOSIRA HYALINA Grun.! (T. Creve: Gran. Norske Nordhavs Expedition 1876-—78, Protophyta PI. IV fig. 60—62.) 1898 April: 66° N. 24° W., not rare. May:.72° N. (18° W., common; 67° N. 22° W., not rare; 63° N: 04° W., not rare. June: 66° N. 55°° W., very rare; 63° N.\ 56° W.; rare. Ostenfeld’s data used. DIATOMACEA2—THALASSIOSIRA 395 August: 65° N. 36° W., rare. 1899 May: 66° N. 22° W., not rare; 75° N. 2° 30! E., rare. Temperature: 1.s, mean of 4 obs., max. 5 min. — 1. Salinity: 54.59, mean of 4 obs., max. 34.93, min. Plankton-type. Noted from the E. No (7): OF O4.96. and W. Greenland. — THALASSIOSIRA NORDENSKIOLDII (x. (Van Heurck Syn. Pl. LXXXIII fig. 9) 1898 March; 40 N. 69° W., rare: 40° N. 68° W., common; 42° N. yl Veto. 42° IN 49° i W., common; 58° N. 6° E., rare. Apri/: S. and W. of Iceland, not rare; Fiirées, rare. ¢ , 4. May: 72° N. 14° W. to 70° N. 15° W., not rare; N. of Iceland common; Westmanna6d, not rare: Fiirées, common; 59 N. 49° W. (common) to 63° N. 54° W., not rare. June: 67° N. 24° W. to 65° N. 29°—31° W., common; West- mannad; Cape Farewell to 69° N. 54° W.. Fiirées, rare. lugust: Farées, rare; 65° N. 36° W., rare. September: 69° N. 53° W., rare. Apri. Fiirées, rare to common. May: Westmannaé, rare; Firées, not rare; 61° N, common; 60° N. 2° 30! E., rare; 75 N. 2° 30! E., June: 75°—78° N. 20°—12° E 1899 July: 80° N. 14° E., rare. September: SO) N: 13° BE. rare. ay, Cae. Temperature: 7.1 max. 16, min. 1.5. sidered as contained this species abundantly. Salinity: 34.53, mean of 11 obs. max. 36.41 min. 31.9. Plankton-type. Typical arctic species. Its occurrence on the driftice at Cape Vankarema seems to proves that it occurs in the Only such samples con- Polar Basin whence in drifts along the coasts in the Arctic regions. | have seen it in samples from Hudson Bay and from the northern ’ Ostenfeld’s data used. 3BD6 DIATOMACGEA:—THALASSIOTHRIX Pacific, at Puget’s Sound. LEMMERMANN mentions it from Bara Island, between Vancouver Island and the British Columbia. In the years 1871—-75 it was exceedingly abundant in the arctic regions not only along the coasts, but in the open sea. In the years 1896 —99 it had not that important part in the arctic plankton. — Ng. THALASSIOTHRIX FAUENFELDIT Grov.' (VAN Heurck Syn. Pl. XXXVII fig. 11--12). 1898 March: 21° N. 18° W., rare; 61° N. 11° W., common: 58° N: 6 ky April:' 39° Ni 24°°W.;"S~ of Iceland; 59°—60° N: °4°-=39° W. May: 60° N. 9 W. to 57° N. 28° W., common N. and W. of Rockall. dune: bo N19" Wo to- 60> N: '7° We rare. July: S. and W. of Iceland; 60 N. 17° W. September: 60° N. 11° W. October: 61° N. 5 “W. to 57° N. 327° W. more or less rare: November: S. Iceland to the Shetlands, more or less rare. December: 61° N. 6° W., rare: 62° N: 10° W. not rare. 1899 April: 48° N. 9° W., rare. May: 58° N. 4°—7° E.; common. Temperature: 10.1, mean of 11 obs., max. 15, min. 6. Salinity: 34.214, mean of 8 obs., max. 35.55, min. 26.51. Plankton-type. Noted from Japan. — Ns. Remark. Most of the above data are from Ostenfeld. I have found this form only very rarely in the ocean, but very abundantly during the winter and spring in the plankton of the Skagerak. It may be possible that at least some of Ostenfeld’s data relate to the variety Jacanica, ’ Ostenfeld’s data used. DIATOMACEA:— THALASSIOTHRIX THALASSIOTHRIX (FAUENFELDII VAR.) JAVANICA (nun. Van Hecrck: Synopsis Pl. XXXVII fig. 15. 1898 April: 49° N. 12° and 23° W. May: 49° N. 17° and 23° W. November: 56° N. 26° and 36° W. 1899 May: 51° N. 26° W. October: 53° N. 31° W.,-not rare. Temperature: 13.2, mean of 5 obs., max. 23, min. 7.s. Salinity: 35,30, mean of 7 obs., max. 35.56, min. 39.00, Plankton-type: ‘. THALASSIOTHRIX LONGISSIMA CL. & Grun.! (Synedra Thalassiothix Cu. Bih. Kongl. Sv. Vetensk. Akad. Handl. 1 n. 13 pag. 22). {897 December: and 1898 January: 21° WN: 18° W., rare; 32° N. 33” W., rare; 41° N: PW ste4e aNs-O Wie, of N73" We February: 38° N. 74° W., rare. March: 71 N. 1° 30' W, rare; 68° N. 26° W., rare; Azores to the English Channel (more or less abundant), thence along 48° 49° -N. to 33° W.: 23° N. 17° W., rare; 43° N. 45 W. to 40 N71 April: 74°—75° N. 5°—9° W., more or less rare; 58°—60° N. 4°-—28° W., common at 22° W., else rare; 40°—S0° N., 7 —70° W., varying from rare to common; Azores to the Engl. Channel; 59° N. 47° W., rare. May: 77° N. 2° 30' W. to 70° N, 15° W.; from the Faroes to Greenland, along 57°-—)9°, not common; 63° N. 54 W., rare; 49°—47° N. 22°—32° W. | June: 63° N. > W. to 60° N. 9 W.; Firées, rare; Denmark’s Sound, 635°—66° N. 29°—31° W., more or less rare; 37 N. 34 W. (very common) to 57° N. 46° W., rare; 41° N- 58° W. s) » July: 65° N. 5° W., common; 64° N. 3° W., rare; 62° N. (ha —(° W.,. rarer 60° N. 17° W. to o7°N. 470° W.;00 the whole not rare. ' Ostenfeld’s data used. S)8 DIATOMACEA THALASSIOTHRIX August: S. of Iceland, rare; Davis’s Strait, 62 N. 53°—56° W., very rare; Fardes, rare; 58° N. 2° W., rare; AzoréS, very rare. September: 66° N. 18 W., common; Fiirées, not rare; 59° N. i” W., to 60° N. 10 W., more or less ‘rare: 63° N. 25° W. to 65° N. 36° W., rare: 59° N. 49°°W. and 69° N. 53° We. rare. October: Farées to 57° N. 27° W. and 58° N: 32 W., rare: 48° N. 38° W., rare; 41° N. 59° W.,. rare. November: \eeland to the Fiirées, rare; 50° N. 10° W. to 47° N. 42 W., on the whole rare, but common at 51° N. 20 W.: 43~ N. 61° W. to 42° N. 64 W., rare. December; 50° N. 9 ue rare; 43° N.. 10° W., rare; 49° _N. 30° W. to 41° N. 66° W., rare to common. 1899 January: 43° N. 57° el rare. February: 34° N. 40° W., very rare. March: Farées, rare; 49° N..9° W,, not rare; 47° N. 7°. W., rare; Azores, rare. April: 49° N. 7° W., rare; 44° N. 15 W., not. rare. May: Farées, rare; 58° N. 4° E., rare; 51° N. 20° W., rare; 5O® N. 39° W., rare; 47°—48° N. 5O°—45° W June: 66> N.1 35 W.'to. FOPUN.: 13° OW... rare. Judge: NY 38. IW to. 53° Neb Ie Wee asica Pulenrare.- but very common at 45° W. September: 73° N. 19° E., not rare. October: 56°)N131° W.,. rare: November: 51 N. 13° W.., rare. -, COMMON. Temperature: %.«, mean of 19 obs., max. 14, min. 4. (Only such samples considered as contained this species abundantly) Salinity : 34.48. mean of 21 obs., max. 35.87, min. 32.32 SHC Stay This species was found by the Vega Expe- dition abundantly in the Bering Sea. It is represented in the An- tarctic seas by a much coarser form, which was found there by the Challenger Expedition in great abundaney. It is a typical arctic form, that has about the same geographical distribution as Calanis Jinmarchicus. —_ T. MURRACGYTA, GYST4A[S—HEXASTERIAS, HYALOPHYSA, PYROCYSTIS 3)9 Murracytz, Cystez. HEXASTERIAS PROBLEMATICA (x. 22 (Kongl. Sv. Vetensk. Akad. Handl. Vol. XXXII m. 8 pag. 22. 1898 July: Fiirdes. October: Westmannad. November: 56° N. 23° W.; 51° Nv 2° W. 1899 May: 66° N. 22° W.; 62° N. 7° W. Temperature: 7.1, mean of 5 obs., max. 10.5, min. 3.4. Salinity: 34.81, mean of 5 obs., max. 35.32, min. 34.21. Plankton-type. This species belongs evidently to the arctic and boreal regions. — 7° HYALOPHYSA DELICATULA (. (Kongl. Vet. Akad. Handl. Vol. XXXIV n. 1, Pl. VIII fig. 1, 2.) 1898 August to December: Azores, common. 1899 January: 33° N. 15° W. Temperature: 17.2 to 21.2. Salinity: 56.25 to 56.34. Plankton-type: S ? PYROCYSTIS FUSIFORMIS J. Mornay.’ (Porceed Roy. Soc. London Vol. XXIV, 1876, pag. 21.) 1898 January: 15° S. 36° W.; 9°—10° N. 26°—25° W.; Azores to 32° N. 34° W. ‘ Murray's & Whitting’s data used. 360 MURRACYT, CYSTA—PYROCYSTIS February: 31° N. 35° W. to 19° N. 52° W.; Caribbean Sea. March, 4°.8.. 10° W. to 17° N. 47° W.:: Caribbean Sea: 28° 230° N,V We 404 Naa en April: 22° N. 47° W.'to 29° N. 38° W.; Caribbean Sea. May: 13° .N. 54° Ws 41° Nobl> W August: 40°—41° N. 66°—as7° W. September: 41°—42° N. 65°—d7° W. November: 9° 8, 34 he ; December: 29° 5S. 49° W. 1899 April: 36° N. 74°. W. Temperature: 21.5, mean of 27 obs., max. 28, min. 12. Salinity: 35.40, mean of 12 obs., max. 38.54, min. 32.87. Plankton-type: 1). PYROCYSTIS HAMULUS (C1. K. Vetensk. Akad. Handl. Vol. XXXIV n. 1 Pl. VII fig. 23). 1897 December and 1898 sanuary: 12° N.vBO> W.5°29° Ne 4" WwW. February: 167 N. ai W. Marone 115 Ne 0 498 We Junge: 2i Nowa. WWE July: 26° N. 48° W. Ocieber:..30° N. 74° W. 1899 February: 32° N. 47° W. Temperature: 21.22, mean of 9 obs., max. 27, min. 1%.s. Salinity: 3652, mean of 7 obs., max. 37,014, min. 36.21. Plankton-type. Occurs in the Indian Ocean. It belongs to the western trepical Atlantic (12°—32° N.). — D. PYROCYSTIS LANCEOLATA Scuroper. (Mitth. zool. stat. Neapel Vol. XIV, 1900 pag. 13 fig. 11.) 1899 March: 37° N: 26°: W: Temperature: 195.7. Salinity: 356.30. Plankton-type: ‘S °. [897 [898 S99 MURRACYTA, CYSTAZ—PYROGYSTIS 361 PYROCYSTIS PSEUDONOCTILUCA J. Murray’. Proceed Roy Soc. London Vol. XXIV, 1876, pag. 532 Pl. XXI.) December and January: 15°—13° S. 37°—35° W.; O°—2° N. 81°—32°,W.; 7°—11° N. 53°—52° W.; Caribbean Sea to 35° N. 74° W.; area between 9°—10° N. 26°—25° W., 23°—24° N. 51°— BO Wand 33° N. 32° W. February: 5°°S. 9°—4° E.; 20° N. 51° W. to 30° N. 37° W.; Caribbean Sea to 26° N. 74° W. March: area between 1° S. 15° W., 36° N. 29° W. and 9° N. 53°—59° W.; Caribbean Sea to 32° N. 74° W. April: area between 25° N. 43° W., 16° N. 58° W. and 10° N. 53° W.; Caribbean Sea to 31° N. 75° W. May; area between 36° N. 27° W., 17° N. 50° W. and 20° N. GO” W.:- 41° N, 51°—63° W. June: 31° N. 17° W.; area between 29° N. 36° W., 10° N. Joo uWe 22 -INe 60> \W..ang 27° N., 55° WW 60° Wio4e aa (not rare, Ostenfeld). July: 26° N. 48° W. to 21° N. 58, W.; Caribbean Sea; 29 —38° N. 74° W.;. 41° N. 60° W. to 42° N. 48° W.s 58° N. Bae WN: August: Azores; Caribbean Sea to 34° N. 74° W.; 40° N. 66° W. to 47° N. 39° W. September: 12° N. 27° W.; 23° N. 42° W.; Madeira; Azores; 20°—33° N. 74° -W.> 41° N. 65° W. ‘to 42° N. 57° W.; 60° N. 6° W. (rare). October: 21° S. 30° W.; Caribbean Sea; 34° N. 7 50° W.: Azores; 60°—61° N. 4°—5° W. November: 24° S. 30° W.; 9° S. 34° W.; 4° N. 30° W.; 19° N. 58° W. to 29° N. 43° W.; Azores; 24° N. 21° W.; 42° N. 64° W.; 47° N. 41° W. December: 14° S. 26° W.;~€aribbean Sea; 22° N. 56° W.; 25° N. 52° W.; Azores; Canaries. March; 21° N. 43° W.; 36° N.. 74°, W. W.; 42° N. 5 ' Ostenfeld’s, Murray’s & Whitting’s data used. 362 MURRACYTA, CYSTZ—XANTHIDIUM Aprib:.32° N. Too W. Moy 35° N. 74° WwW June: 11° S210 Wiss? WHE We tors aie a W: July: 28° N. 40° W. Temperature: 23.ss, mean of 130 obs., max. 28.33, min. 14.6. Salinity: 35.93, mean of 97 obs., max. 38.54, min. 32.51. Plankton-type. Noted from Red Sea and the Indian, Pacific Oceans. It occurs in the whole tropical Atlantic, from 25° S. to somewhat north of 40° N., exceptionally to the Fiirée Channel. Not found between the Azores and the European coast. — J. XANTHIDIUM HYSTRIX CL. (Kongl. Sv. Vetensk. Akad. Handl. Vol. XXXII n. 8 pag. 21.) 1898 March: 21°. N. 18° W. October: 57° N. 18° “W. November: 56° N. 17° W. December: 44° N. 57° W. Wovember: 51° Ne13 and 28° -W. Temperature: 12, mean of 4 obs., max. 15, min. 11. Salinity: 34.13, mean of 3 obs., max. 35.44, min. 32.72. Plankton-type. ‘This form occurs sparingly, but frequently, in the Tripos-plankton of the North Sea. — S. XANTHIDIUM MULTISPINOSUM Moers. (Fiinfte Ber. d. Kommiss. zu Kiel pag. 124 Pl. VIII fig. 62—65. 1898 July 62° N. O° W. August: 60° N.. 3° E. September : 61°: Be MWe November: 56° N. 23° W. 1899 September: 56° N. 23° W. October 56° “NN. 23° WW. Temperature: 10.s to 11.5. Salinity: 35 to 35.22. Plankton-type: S. MURRACYTA, CYSTA‘— XANTHIDIUM XANTHIDIUM PAUCISPINOSUM (x. (K. Sv. Vetensk. Akad. Handl. Vol. XXXIV n. 1 Pl. VII fig. : 198 October and November: Azores. 1899 April: 9° N. 59 W. Temperature: 18.5 to 25.4. Salinity : 35.60 to 36.18. Plankton-type: ‘S ”. 564 SILICOFLAGELLATA—DiISTEPHANUS Silicoflagellatz. DISTEPHANUS SPECULUM Ene.' Iietyocha spec. Kus. Microgeol. Pl. XVIII fig. 57 ete.) 1898 March: 44° N. 17° W.; 45° N. 13° W. AVEO: SO. INE AS WV A OP SNe = 23° Ae May: 58°--59° N. 21°—15° W.; 63° N. 54° W. and 17°—10° W. June: 40°—42° N. 10°—9° W. PULgeOUeINY 2a7 Wi ewolceN. SW: PUGUSL OO Nao n Na too ° IN. b3-. Wie fo yiNpoeld seb September: 57 Nia W. 60° N.- 11° W762 No dss: October D859 aN 2 116° "We 60° No We 62> Naa WVovember.:. 562 N..23°—36° W.;. 45° N. 50°—52° (W.- 41> Ni MOS Ns OB, a) Wee 69° W. December: 45° N. 50° W. to 42 1899 January: 48° N. 39° W.; 41° N. 69° W April: 48° N. 9° W. Temperature: 10.41, mean of 23 obs., max. 15.s, min. 5. Salinity: 34.05, mean of 19 obs., max. 35.60, min. 31.96. Common in the southern Atlantic. thei 4 Oeceurs Plankton-type. in Puget’s Sound. — * Ostenfeld’s data used. — Dietyocha fibula, see Radiolaria. FLAGELLATA!:—DINOBRYUM, PHAOCYSTIS Flagellate. DINOBRYUM PELLUCIDUM Lervanper.'! 3H) (Acta Soc. p. Fauna u. Flora Fennica Vol. XII 2. 1894, pag. 31 Pl. IL fig. 1.) 1898 1899 1898 March: May: 72° N. 14° W., rare. June: 68° N, 23° W. August: N. and N.E. of Spitzbergen; Disco. September: Disco. dune: 12 N>i8> E:.to 78? N. 12° E. July: N.W. and N. of Spitzbergen; 73° N. 36° E.; 78°—79° N. D3° E.; 71° N.. 21°—22° W. August: 76°—78° N. 41°—47° E.; 71°—72° N. 20° W. September: Beeren Island. Temperature: 1.9, mean of 24 obs., max. 7.s, min. —l1.s. Salinity: 32.01, mean of 20 obs., max. 35.03, min. 28.01. Plankton-type: Vy. PHAOCYSTIS POUCHETII (Hartor).' (LAGERHEIM: Ofvers. Kong]. Sv. Vet. Akad. Férh, 1896 n. 4 pag. 277, O° N. 69° W. April: 5 59° N. 43°—49° W., very common. May: Firées, very common; W. of the Shetlands. 4 7 June: 66° N. 55° W. (rare) to 57° N. 42° W. (common); N. 23° E. to 77° N. 26° E., more or less common. ' Ostenfeld’s data used. ~l we 366 1899 such cles FLAGELLATA?— PHAOCYSTIS July: S. of Greenland; along the S. coast of Iceland; 68° N. 8° W., common; 78° N. 3° W., common. August: N. of Spitzbergen, not rare. September: Westmannad, very common. May: area between 62° N. 2° E., 60° N. 1° E. and 58° N. 3° E., very common. June: 71° N. 8°—10° W. to 69° N. 13° W., as a rule very common; 66° N. 2° E., very common; 71°—75° N. 6°—20° K., not common. July: 74° N. 20° W., rare. august: 80° AN el E., common: September: 76°—74° N. 16°—18° E., rare. Temperature: 5.s, mean of 25 obs., max. 9.5, min. —1. (Only samples considered as contained this species in abundance). Salinity: 34.54, mean of 24 obs., max. 35.39, min. 33.20. Plankton-type. According to the above statements this spe- is to be considered as arctic with its southern limit at about 57° N., but other vears this limit goes so far down as to about 50° Ne = Te. PHY COCHROMACE.%— TRICHODESMIUM 5607 Phycochromacee. TRICHODESMIUM ERYTHRAUM Eun. (GoMONT: Ann. Sc. nat. 7 ser., Bot. Vol. XVI pag. 196 PI. V. fig. 27—30.) 1898 December: 28° S! 42° W.; exceedingly abundant. TRICHODESMIUM THIEBAULTII Gomonv. (Ann. Sc. nat. 7 ser. Bot. Vol. XVI pag. 197 Pl. VI fig. 2—4. Heliotrichum radians Ville: Ergebn. d. Plankt. Exp. 1 pag. 278 fig. 87, 88.) 1897 December: and [eoananuaniyse IN. ofa, Wate O° N: 26° W.: 13°—15° S, 35° = 372 W.; 31° N. 31° W. to 11 N. 52° W.: Caribbean Sea; 25°— February: 5° 5. 4°—9° E.; 4° S. 10° W.; Caribbean Sea; 21° —34° N. 74°—7;i March: 0° 30! S. 15°—26° W, to 31° N. 29° W. and thence to 9° N. 53°—ad9° W.; 41° N. 23° W.: Caribbean Sea; 28 —32° N. 74° April: 15° N. 49° W. to 10° N. 53° W.; Caribbean Sea; PoeuNgowa- ow, to as Ny 75° W. May: area between 26° N. 42° W., 28° N. 47° W., 16° N. fice aoe te Noo aw. 41° Nb OW. June: area between 19° N. 63° W., 31° N. 50° W. and 19 N. 63° W. July: 26° N. 48° W. to 15° N. 72° W.; 29° N. 74° W. to 38 N. 74° W. and thence to 42° N. 48° W. August: 17° N. 71° W. to 38° N. 74° W. and thence to 47 N. 39° W. S68 PHY COCHROMACGEA—TRIGHODESMIUM Septenber: Cape Verde Islands; Madeira; 26° N. 39° W. to OPN. 53° W.; 20° N. 73° Wi) to 38° N. 742 W. and -“hence fog? SNS Woy ay October: 16° N. 70° W. to 34° N. 74° W.; 57°—59° N. 27°— 21° We rare. November: 9° 8S. 34° W. to the Canaries: Azores to 19° N. 58° W. December: 26° S,. 45° W. to 44 S,.39° We. Canaries; 25° N. W. to 19° N. 58° W.: Caribbean Sea. 1899 January: 3: cyte N.1b°—12° W. February: cay: March: Ss 24° NJ 45°40" W. April: 28°—32° N. 75° W. June: 5° ae N. 24° 2b? We 15° N. 50° W. to 24° Nee Ww, July: 23°—28° N..36°—40° W. 5 6 a2 S SN ay = tA Temperature: 24.5, mean of 154 obs., max. 28.4, min. 13. Salinity: 35.16, mean of 120 obs., max. 38.54, min. 33.20. Plankton-type. Occurs in the Mediterranean (ScurOpER). The area of distribution is the whole tropical and subtropical Atlantic, - on the Northern hemisphere to the left of a line drawn from the Canaries to Newfoundland. It occurs the whole year in the warm current north of 5. America and in the Sargasso Sea, appears, although sparingly, in May north of 40° N., but reaches in August a maximum between 40°—45° N., where it remains sparingly in October. In the last named month some rare specimens had drifted nearly to 60° N. — D. = eee p. CORRIGENDA. - 1 for TZ read S. 13 from foot for 72° N. read 59° N. 3 from foot for thed read the. . 1 from foot for arkremable read remarkable. 4. from foot for become read became. 8 from foot for arcoss read across. ae et a oe 14 7 ’ ¥ hn hava AM Ai, wean a ie) i +t AA ; wae ams hg fy at hire GW "| ) Vi MB ae mig Mis “le i NU