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ALVMNVS BOOK FVND

B10LOGY
LIBRARY

WITH A' 'PREFACE BY
CHARLES RODEN BUXTON
AND NINE MAPS 5 <$ 3 * ? 1

PRICE SIXPENCE.

?he National Labour Press, Limited, 30, Blackfriars Street,
[anchester. And at London.

PREFACE.

In view of the widespread misconceptions as to the nature
of the agreements concluded during the war between the Allied
Governments, I have collected in the following pages the actual
texts of the documents in which they are embodied, so far as these
documents have been published. The translations (for which
I am indebted to the courtesy of the proprietors of the Manchester
Guardian and the Cambridge Magazine) have been made from the
Russian text as published by the Izvestiya, the official organ of the
All-Russian Congress of Soviets, in November, 1917, and the
following months. The documents were there described as having
been found among the secret papers of the Russian Foreign Office,
and published by M. Trotzky, People's Commissioner for Foreign
Affairs.

All dates are given according to the new style, i.e., they
correspond with our own calendar.

How far the agreements are still in force, and whether the
series is or is not complete, are questions which we have at present
no means of answering.

The geographical details will be readily understood by reference

to the maps.

CHARLES RODBN BUXTON.

6, Erskine Hill, February, 1918.

Golder's Green, N.W.

686756

THE SECRET AGREEMENTS;'

I. THE LEFT BANK OF THE KHINE.

Note of the Russian Minister for Foreign Affairs of February 14,
1917, No. 26, addressed to the French Ambassador at
Petrograd: —

In your Note of to-day's date your Excellency ww good
anough to inform the Imperial Government that the Government

THE LEFT BANK OF
THE RHINE

A I ronDistilCr of Lorraine
B Coal dlstrti* of the Soar.

E R M A N V

BAVARIA

WURTEM
BURG

FRANCE

of the Eepublic was contemplating the inclusion in the terms of
peace to be offered to Germany the following demands and
guarantees of a territorial nature : —

(1) Alsace-Lorraine to be restored to France.

(2) The frontiers are to be extended at least up to the

limits of the. former principality of Lorraine, and are to bt
;**. drawi* y£ at; the discretion of the French Government so as

to provide for the strategical needs and for the inclusion in
.: .^Fretifch ttoiioryl of the entire iron district of Lorraine and of
• '• / :tiie enike* coal* district of the Saar valley.

(3) The rest of the territories situated on the left bank
of the Rhine which now form part of the German Empire are
to be entirely separated from Germany and freed from all
political and economic dependence upon her.

(4) The territories of the left bank of the Rhine outside
French territory are to be constituted an autonomous and
neutral State, and are to be occupied by French troops until
such time as the enemy States have completely satisfied all
the conditions and guarantees indicated in the treaty of peace.

Your Excellency stated that the Government of the Republic
would be happy to be able to rely upon the support of the Imperial
Government for the carrying out of its plans. By order of his
Imperial Majesty, my most august master, I have the honour, in
the name of the Russian Government, to inform your Excellency
by the present Note that the Government of the Republic may
rely upon the support of the Imperial Government for the carrying
out of its plans, as set out above.

— (Manchester Guardian, December 12, 1917.)

II. THE AGREEMENT WITH ITALY.

Memorandum laid before the Allies by the Italian Government on
the eve of Italy's entry into the war in 1915, together with the
Agreement signed by the representatives of Great Britain,
France, Russia, and Italy, on April 26, 1915.

ARTICLE 1. — A military convention is to be concluded without
delay between the General Staffs of France, Great Britain, Russia,
and Italy to determine the minimum number of troops which
Russia would have to throw against Austria-Hungary if the latter
should want to concentrate all her forces, against Italy. Russia
should decide mainly to attack Germany. Similarly the said
convention is to regulate the questions relating to armistices, in
so far as such armistices form an essential part of the competence
of the Supreme Army Command.

ARTICLE 2. — On her part Italy undertakes by all means at her
disposal to conduct the campaign in union with France, Great
Britain, and Russia against all the Powers at war with them.

8

ARTICLE 3. — The naval forces of France and Great Britain are
to render uninterrupted and active assistance to Italy until such
time as the navy of Austria has been destroyed or peace has been
concluded. A naval convention is to be concluded without delay
between France, Great Britain, and Italy.

ARTICLE 4. — By the future treaty of peace Italy is to receive
the district of Trentino ; the entire Southern Tyrol up to its natural
geographical frontier, which is the Brenner Pass; the city and
district of Trieste ; the county of Gorizia and Gradisca ; the entire
Istria up to the Quarnero, including Volosco and the Istrian islandi
of Cherso and Lussina, as well as the smaller islands of Plavnika,
Unia, Canidoli, Palazzuoli, S. Petri dei Nembi, Asinello, and
Gruica, with the neighbouring islets.

NOTE 1. — Here follow the details of the frontier delimitation.

ARTICLE 5. — Italy will likewise receive the province of
Dalmatia in its present frontiers, including Lisserica and Trebigne
[Trebanje], in the north, and all the country in the south up to
a line drawn from the coast, at the promontory of Planka, east-
wards along the watershed in such a way as to include in the
Italian possessions all the valleys of the rivers flowing into the
Sebenico — viz., Cikola, Kerka, and Buotisnica, with all their
affluents. Italy will likewise obtain all the islands situated to the
north and west of the coasts of Dalmatia, beginning with
Premuda, Selve, Ulbo, Skerda, Maoh, Pago, and Puntadura, and
further north, and down to Melada in the south, with the inclusion
of the islands of S. Andrea, Busi, Lissa, Lesina, Torcola, Curzola,
Cazza, and Lagosta, with all the adjacent rocks and islets, as well
as Pelagosa, but without the islands of Zirona Grande and Zirona
Piccola, Bua, Solta, and Brazza.

The following are to be neutralised: — (1) The entire coast
from Planka, in the north, to the southern extremity of the
Sabbioncello peninsula, including, this last-named peninsula in its
entirety ; (2) the part of the littoral from a point ten versts south
of the promontory of Eagusa Vecchia to the Viosa [Vojuzza]
Eiver, so as to include in the neutralised zone the entire gulf of
Cattaro, with its ports of Antivari, Dulcigno, San Giovanni di
Medua, and Durazzo; the rights of Montenegro, arising from the
declarations exchanged by the two contracting parties as far back
as April and May, 1909, remaining intact. Nevertheless, in view
of the fact that those rights were guaranteed to Montenegro within
her present frontiers, they are not to be extended to those
territories and ports which may eventually be given to Montenegro.
Thus, none of the ports of the littoral now belonging to Montenegro
is to be neutralised at any future time. On the other hand, the
disqualifications affecting Antivari, to which Montenegro herself

agreed in 1909, are to remain in force; (3) lastly, all the islands
which are not annexed to Italy.

NOTE 2. — The following territories on the Adriatic will be included
by the Powers of the Quadruple Entente in Croatia, Serbia, and
Montenegro : — In the north of the Adriatic, the entire coast from Volosco
Bay, on the border of Istria, to the northern frontier of Dalmatia, includ-
ing the entire coast now belonging to Hungary, and the entire coast of
Croatia, the port of Fiume, and the small ports of Novi and Carlopago,
and also the islands of Veglia, Perviccio, Gregorio, Coli, and Arbe ; and
in the south of the Adriatic, where Serbia and Montenegro have interests,
the entire coast from Planka up to the River Drin, with the chief porta
of Spalato, Ragusa, Cattaro, Antivari, Dulcigno, and San Giovanni di
Medua, with the islands of Zirona Grande, Zirona Piccola, Bua, Solta,
Brazza, Jaklian, and Calamotta.

The Port of Durazzo may be given to the independent Mohammedan
State of Albania.

ARTICLE 6. — Italy will receive in absolute property Valona,
the islands of Sasseno, and as much territory as would be required
to secure their military safety — approximately between the Eiver
Vojazza in the north and in the east down to the borders of the
Chimara district in the south.

ARTICLE 7. — Italy, having received Trentino and Istria in
accordance with article 4 and Dalmatia and the Adriatic islands
in accordance with article 5 and the Gulf of Valona, is not, in
case of the creation of a small autonomous and neutralised State
in Albania, to resist the possible desire of France, Great Britain,
and Russia to distribute among Montenegro, Serbia, and Greece
the northern and southern parts of Albania. The latter's southern
littoral from the frontier of the Italian district of Valona to Capo
Stylos is to be neutralised. Italy is to have the right to conduct
foreign relations with Albania; at any rate, Italy is to agree to the
inclusion in Albania of a territory large enough to allow her
frontiers to touch those of Greece and Serbia west of Ochrida Lake.

ARTICLE 8. — Italy will obtain all the Twelve Islands
[Dodekanese] now occupied by her, in full possession.*

ARTICLE 9. — France, Great Britain, and Russia admit in prin-
ciple the fact of Italy 's interest in the maintenance of the political
balance of power in the Mediterranean, and her rights, in case of
a partition of Turkey, to a share, equal to theirs, in the basin of
the Mediterranean — viz., in that part of it which adjoins the
province of Adalia, in which Italy has already acquired special
rights and interests denned in the Italo-British Convention. The
zone which is to be made Italy's property is to be more precisely
defined in due course in conformity with the vital interests of
France and Great Britain- Italy's interests will likewise be taken
into consideration in case the Powers should also maintain the

*NOTB. — For these and other places belonging to Turkey see map of
Turkey

10

territorial integrity of Asiatic Turkey for some future period of
time, and if they should only proceed to establish among them-
selves spheres of influence. In case France, Great Britain, and
Russia should, in the course of the present war, occupy any

MEDITERRANEAN

DESERT

..-../EGYPTJA]
; SUDAN.

f \SOMAIJ-

/ABYSSJNJA '--LAND.

CENTRA.L
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districts of Asiatic Turkey, the entire territory adjacent to Adalia
and defined more precisely below (?) is to be left to Italy, who
reserves her right to occupy it.

ARTICLE 10. — In Libya, Italy is to enjoy all those rights and
privileges which now belong to the Sultan in virtue of the Treaty
of Lausanne.

ARTICLE 11. — Italy is to get a share in the war indemnity
corresponding to the magnitude of her sacrifices and efforts.

ARTICLE 12. — Italy adheres to the declaration made by France,
England, and Russia about leaving Arabia and the holy Moslem
places in the hands of an independent Moslem Power.

ARTICLE 13. — Should France and Great Britain extend their
colonial possessions in Africa at the expense of Germany they will
admit in principle Italy's right to demand certain compensation

11

by way of an extension of her possessions in Erythrsea, Somaliland,
and Libya and the colonial areas adjoining French and British
colonies.

ARTICLE 14. — Great Britain undertakes to facilitate for Italy
the immediate flotation on the London market of a loan on advan-
tageous terms to the amount of not less than £50,000,000.

ARTICLE 15. — France, Great Britain, and Eussia pledge
themselves to support Italy in not allowing the representatives
of the Holy See to undertake any diplomatic steps having for their
object the conclusion of peace or the settlement of questions
connected with the present war.

ARTICLE 16. — The present treaty is, to be kept secret. As
regards Italy's adhesion to the Declaration of September 5, 1914,
this Declaration alone will be published immediately on the
declaration of war by, or against, Italy.

Having taken into consideration the present memorandum,
the representatives of France, Great Britain, and Russia, being
authorised thereto, agreed with the representative of Italy, like-
wise authorised thereto, as follows.: —

France, Great Britain, and Russia express their complete
agreement with the present memorandum submitted to them
by the Italian Government. In respect of Articles 1, 2, and 3 of
the present memorandum, regarding the co-ordination of the
military and naval operations of all the four Powers, Italy
declares that she will actively intervene at an earliest possible
date, and, at any rate, not later than one month after the
signature of the present document by the contracting parties.

The undersigned have confirmed by hand and seal the present
instrument in London in four copies. April 26, 1915.

(Signed) GREY, CAMBON, IMPERIALI, BENCKENDORF.
— (Manchester Guardian, January 18, 1918.)

III. THE AGREEMENT WITH ROUMANIA.

From a series of Russian diplomatic documents published in the
" Izvestiya " on February 4, 1918, and summarised by
the " Manchester Guardian's " Petrograd correspondent
(February 8).

On the same day [August 8, 1916] the text of an agreement
between the Allies and Roumania is prepared, giving satisfaction
to all Roumanian's claims to the Banat, Transylvania up to the

12

Theiss, and Bukovina up to the Pruth. M. Sturmer, in a
memorandum to the Tsar, however, raises the objection that
Boumania must not be regarded as on a footing with the Great
Powers, and the latter must not be bound to continue the war until
all Boumania 's territorial claims are realised, since this would
cause serious complications over the Constantinople straits. On

RUSSIA

GERMANY

A U S TRI A- HUNGARY

BAN AT f

/RUMANIA .

August 9 M. Poklefsky telegraphs that M. Bratiano is very
dissatisfied with clause 5 of the proposed treaty, providing that
the Allies should not guarantee territorial acquisition for
Boumania by force of arms, and threatens, if this point be not
conceded, to resign and leave the Government of Boumania to the
Germanophils. On August 12 M. Isvolsky telegraphs to M.
Sazonoff that M. Briand does not insist on the maintenance of
clause 5, because if the Allies are victorious they can carry out
their promises, but if only partially successful Boumania will be
forced to bow to circumstances. On August 12 the Tsar agrees
to all the Boumanian terms. The secret treaty was signed on
August 18, the Salonika advance to take place on August 20 and
the entrance of Boumania on August 28.

13

From a Note signed by General Polivanoff, dated November 20,
1916, forming one of a series of diplomatic documents
published by the " Izvestiya " on November 24, 1917.

v • • In August, 1916, there was signed a military -political
agreement with Italy giving her territorial extensions (in Bukovina,
Banat, and Transylvania) which were obviously out of proportion
with Roumania's share in the military operations.

IV. POLAND AND BUSSIA'S WESTERN FRONTIERS.

From a confidential telegram from M. Sazonoff (Russian Foreign
Minister) to the Russian Ambassador in Paris, March 9, 1916,

No. 948.

At the forthcoming Conference you may be guided by the
following general principles: — All suggestions for the future
delimination of Central Europe are at present premature, but in

Whrsavy'

\POLAND (

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Moscow

RUSSIA

14

general one must bear in mind that we are prepared to allow
France and England complete freedom in drawing up the western
frontiers of Germany, in the expectation that the Allies on their
part would allow us equal freedom in drawing up our frontiers
with Germany and Austria. It is particularly necessary to insist
on the exclusion of the Polish question from the subjects of inter-
national discussion and on the elimination of all attempts to place
the future of Poland under the guarantee and the control of the
Powers. — (Manchester Guardian, December 12, 1917.)

Telegram from the Russian Ambassador in Paris, March 11, 1917,

No. 168.

See my reply to telegram No. 167, No. 2. The Government
of the French Republic, anxious to confirm the importance of the
treaties concluded with the Russian Government in 1916 for the
settlement on the termination of the war of the question of
Constantinople and the Straits in accordance with Russia's
aspirations, anxious, on the other hand, to secure for its ally in
military and industrial respects, all the guarantees desirable for
the safety and the economic development of the Empire, recog-
nises Russia's complete liberty in establishing her western
frontiers. (Signed) ISVOLSKY

— (Manchester Guardian, December 12, 1917.)

V. CONSTANTINOPLE AND THE STRAITS-

From an undated Memorandum forming one of a series of Russian
diplomatic documents published by the " Izvestiya" on
November 23, 1917.

On March 4, 1915, a Memorandum was handed by the
Minister for Foreign Affairs to the French and British
Ambassadors, in which was set forth the desire for the annexation,
as a result of the present war, of the following territories: — The
town of Constantinople, the western shores of the Bosphorus, of
the Sea of Marmora, and of the Dardanelles, Southern Thrace up
to the line of Enos-Midia, the shores of Asia Minor between the
Bosphorus, the River Sakaria, and some point on the Gulf of
Izmid, which was reserved for closer definition, the Islands of the
Sea of Marmora, and the Islands of Imbros and Tenedos. The
special rights of France and England within the limits of these
territories were not to be infringed.

The British as well as the French Government declared their
consent to the fulfilment of our wishes, on the condition of a
successful conclusion of the war, and of the fulfilment of a series

15

of French and English claims, both within the limits of the
Ottoman Empire and elsewhere.

These claims, as far as they concern Turkey, may be
summarised as follows: — The recognition of Constantinople as
a free port for the transit of merchandise not coming from
Russia nor going into Russia, and the free transit of merchant
ships through the Straits.

BULGARIA

B LA OK
SEA

GREECE

V. TURKEY
TiHRACE

Izmi

/£GEAN
SEA

SEA
MARMOR,

TURKEY
IN ASIA

The recognition of certain rights of England and France in
Asiatic Turkey, which rights are reserved for more precise defini-
tion by means of a special agreement between France, England,
and Russia.

The placing of the sacred Mussulman places and Arabia under
an independent Mussulman rule.

The inclusion within the English sphere of influence of the
neutral zone of Persia (as established by the agreement between
England and Russia in 1907).

Recognising these demands in general, subject to satisfaction
(?), the Russian Government nevertheless made several reserves.

[There follow certain conditions regarding the future of the

16

sacred Mussulman places and Russian claims in Persia and
Afghanistan. ]

After Italy's entry into the war our desires were communi-
cated to the Italian Government, which on its side declared itd
agreement on condition of a victorious conclusion of the war, of
the fulfilment of Italy's claims in general and in the East in
particular, and of our giving to Italy rights similar to those given
to France and England in the territories conceded to us.

Confidential telegram of the Russian Minister for Foreign Affair*
to the Russian Ambassador in Paris, March 18, 1915, No.
1,226.

On March 8 the French Ambassador, on behalf of hid
Government, announced to me that France was prepared to take
up a most favourable attitude in the matter of realisation of our
desires as set out in my telegram to you, No. 937, -n respect of the
Straits and Constantinople, for which I charged you to tender
Delcasse' my gratitude.

In his conversations with you, Delcasse" had previously more
than once given his assurance that we could rely on the sympathy
of France, and only referred to the need of elucidating the question
of the attitude of England, from whom he feared some objections,
before he could give us a more definite assurance in the above
sense. Now the British Government has given its complete
consent in writing to the annexation by Russia of the Straits and
Constantinople within the limits indicated by us, and only
demanded security for economic interests and a similar benevolent
attitude on our part towards the political aspirations of England
in other parts.

For me, personally, filled as I am with most complete
confidence in Delcasse", the assurance received from him is quite
sufficient, but the Imperial Government would desire a more
definite pronouncement of France's assent to the complete satis-
faction of our desires, similar to that made by the British
Government. (Signed) SAZONOFF.

— (Manchester Guardian, December 12, 1917.)

From a confidential telegram of the Russian Minister for Foreign
Affairs to the Russian Ambassador in Paris ( ? London),
March 20, 1915, No. 1,265.

Referring to the memorandum of the British Government
(? Embassy) here of March 12, will you please express to Grey
the profound gratitude of the Imperial Government for the
complete and final assent of Great Britain to the solution of the

17

-question of the Straits and Constantinople, in accordance with
Russia's desires. The Imperial Government fully appreciates the
sentiments of the British Government and feels certain that a
sincere recognition of mutual interests will secure for ever the firm
friendship between Eussia and Great Britain.

Having already given its promise respecting the conditions
of trade in the Straits and Constantinople, the Imperial Govern-
ment sees no objection to confirming its assent to the establish-
ment of (1) free transit through Constantinople for all goods not
proceeding from or proceeding to Russia, and (2) free passage
through the Straits for merchant vessels. (Signed) SAZONOFF-
— (Manchetter Guardian, December 12, 1917.)

VI. TURKEY IN ASIA.

Memorandum (dated March 6, 1917) of an agreement arrived at
between Britain, France, and Rustia in the Spring of J916.

As a result of negotiations which took place in London and
Petrograd in the Spring of 1916, the Allied British, French, and
Russian Governments came to an agreement as regards the future
delimitation of their respective zones of influence and territorial
acquisitions in Asiatic Turkey, as well as the formaton in Arabia
of an independent Arab State, or a federation of Arab States. The
general principles of the agreement are as follows : —

Russia obtains the provinces of Erzerum, Trebizond, Van,
and Bitlis, as well as territory in the southern part of Kurdistan
along the line Mush-Sert-Ibn-Omar-Amadjie-Persian frontier. The
limit of Russian acquisitions on the Black Sea coast would be
fixed later on at a point lying west of Trebizond.

France obtains the coastal strip of Syria, the vilayet of Adana,
and a territory bounded on the south by a line Aintab-Mardin to
the future Russian frontier, and on the north by a line Ala-Dagh-
Zara-Egin-Kharput.

Great Britain obtains the southern part of Mesopotamia,
with Bagdad, and stipulates for herself in Syria the ports of Haifa
and Akka.

By agreement between France and England the zone between
the French and British territories forms a confederation cf Arab
States, or one independent Arab State, the zones of influence in
which are determined at the same time.

Alexandretta is proclaimed a free port.

With a view to securing the religious interests of the Entente
Powers, Palestine, with the holy places, is separated from Turkish

19

territory and subjected to a special regime to be determined by
agreement between Eussia, France, and England.

As a general rule the contracting Powers undertake mutually
to recognise the concessions and privileges existing in the territories
now acquired by them which have existed before the war.

They agree to assume such portions of the Ottoman Debt as
corresponds to their respective acquisitions.

— (Manchester Guardian, January 19, 1918.)

NOTE. — The following passage occurs in an undated Memorandum
forming one of a series of diplomatic documents published by the Izvestiya
on November 23, 1917, and referring to a Memorandum of March 4.
1915 :-

" The Russian Government, while, on the whole, agreeing to these
demands [placing of the sacred Mussulman places and Arabia under an
independent Mussulman rule, etc. — see above, under heading *' Con-
stantinople and the Straits"], nevertheless made certain stipulations for
the sake of defining our own wishes with regard to the sacred Mussulman
places. It is necessary, without delay, to establish whether these places
are to remain under the rule of Turkey, with the Sultan as Caliph, or it
is contemplated to form new independent States. In our opinion it would
be desirable to separate the Caliphate from Turkey. In any case, complete
freedom of pilgrimage must be secured."

NOTE also Article 12 of the Agreement with Italy.

VII. PERSIA.

From a confidential telegram of the Russian Minister for Foreign
Affairs to the Russian Ambassador in Paris ( ? London),
March 20, 1915, No- 1265.

The Imperial Government confirms its assent to the inclusion
of the neutral zone of Persia in the British sphere of influence.
At the same time, however, it regards it as just to stipulate that
the districts adjoining the cities of Ispahan and Yezd, forming
with them one inseparable whole, should be secured for Russia
in view of the Russian interests which have arisen there. The
neutral zone now forms a wedge between the Russian and Afghan
frontiers, and comes up to the very frontier line of Russia at
Sulfager. Hence a portion of this wedge will have to be annexed
to the Russian sphere of influence. Of essential importance to the
Imperial Government is the question of railway construction in the
neutral zone, which will require further amicable discussion.

The Imperial Government expects that in future its full
liberty of action will be recognised in the sphere of influence

•20

allotted to it, coupled in particular with the right of preferentially
developing in that sphere its financial and economic policies.

(Manchester Guardian, December 12, 1917.)

NOTE. — The same stipulations are contained in the undated
memorandum quoted above under the heading " Constantinople and th«
Straits."

Asterahad
TEHERAN

IA*N SP1

VIII. CHINA.

Treaty between Russia and Japan, signed by the Russian Foreign

Minister, M. Sazonoff, and the Japanese Ambassador at

Petrograd, July 3, 1916.

i

The Russian Imperial Government and the Japanese Imperial
Government have, with a view to the greater consolidation of
their close friendship, established between them by the secret
agreements, of July 30, 1907, July 4, 1910, and July 8, 1912,
agreed to supplement the above-mentioned secret agreements by
the following articles : —

ARTICLE 1. — The two high contracting parties acknowledge

21

that the vital interests of both require the safeguarding of China
against the political domination by any third Power entertaining
hostile designs towards Eussia or Japan, and therefore mutually
pledge themselves, each time when circumstances demand it, to
enter into frank relations based on complete mutual trust with
one another with a view to taking joint measures for the preven-

SIBERIA

ANCHURIA
•-V MONGOLIA . ">*>

tion of the possibility of the advent of such a state of affairs (in
China).

ARTICLE 2. — If as the result of the measures taken by mutual
agreement by Kussia and Japan, in virtue of the preceding article,
war should be declared by the third' Power referred to in Article
1 of the present Convention on either of the contracting parties,
the other party shall on the first demand of its ally come to its
assistance, and each of the high contracting parties pledges itself
hereby, in case such a situation should arise, not to conclude
peace with the common enemy without the previous consent of
its ally.

ARTICLE 3. — The terms on which each high contracting party
is to render armed assistance to the other in accordance with the
preceding Article, as well as the form in which this assistance is

22

to be rendered, shall be determined jointly by the respective
competent authorities of the two contracting parties.

ARTICLE 4. — Provided that neither high contracting party
shall regard itself bound by Article 2 of the present Convention in
respect of rendering armed assistance to its ally so long as it has
not been given guarantees by its allies that they, too, will render
such assistance to it as would correspond to the seriousness of the
impending conflict.

ARTICLE 5. The present Convention enters into force as
from the moment of its signature, and shall remain in force until
July 14, 1921. Should one of the high contracting parties not
deem it necessary, twelve months before the expiry of this term,
to give notice of its unwillingness to prolong the validity of the
present Convention, the latter shall remain in force for a period of
one year after it has been denounced by one or the other of the
high contracting parties.

ARTICLE 6. — The present Convention shall be kept in complete
secrecy from everybody except the two high contracting parties.

In witness whereof the undersigned have confirmed the
present instrument by hand and seal at Petrograd, July 3, 1918,
corresponding to the Japanese date of Thursday, seventh month
and fifth year in the reign of Taise.

(Signed) SAZONOFF, MOTONO.
— (Manchester Guardian, February 1, 1918.)

The Address of the Author is 6, Erskine Hill, Golder's Green, London, N.W.
Printed and Published by The National Labour Press, Ltd., 30, Blackfriars Street,
Manchester ; and at London. 25425

"It is excellent, and will, in my opinion, strike a
mortal blow at Secret Diplomacy "-^-Labour Candidate
for Parliament.

NOW READY.

The Secret Treaties

COLLECTED TEXTS.
With Commentary and Notes By

F. SEYMOUR COCKS.

Preface by

Charles Trevelyan, M.P.

Contains in a handy pocket volume
the texts of the Secret Treaties and
Agreements concluded by the Allies,
together with a number of other im-
portant diplomatic documents. The
texts are fully annotated and explained.
This is the fullest collection of the
Secret Treaties yet published. Every
reader of Mr. Ruxton's pamphlet should
read this book as well. Indispensable to
workers and speakers for the cause of
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