TR-186

TECHNICAL REPORT

SEDIMENTS OF THE NORTHERN
ARABIAN SEA

Ocean Surveys Division

Authors:

R. A. Stewart
O. H. Pilkey

JANUARY 1966

U. S. NAVAL OCEANOGRAPHIC OFFICE
WASHINGTON, D. C. 20390
Price $1.00

ABSTRACT

Topographically the northern Arabian Sea can be divided into
two basins separated by the northeast-southwest trending
Murray Submarine Ridge. The northwest Gulf of Oman Basin
exhibits a more irregular topography, particularly along the con-
tinental margin, than does the southeast Arabian Sea Basin,
which is dominated by the large sediment cone of the Indus
River. Sediments with median grain sizes in the sand and silt
range are largely restricted to the continental shelves and up-
per continental slopes. Basin sediments are calcareous (17 to
51 percent calcium carbonate) and become more so to the
south. A band of relatively pure carbonate materials is present
on the outer Indian shelf. Detrital grains of dolomite and cal-
cite are present in small amounts in most samples, and frosted,
pitted quartz grains are common in the coarse fraction of sedi-
ments from the northwest basin. The non-carbonate coarse
fraction of the sediments contains much feldspar and an un-
stable heavy mineral suite of both metamorphic and igneous
origin. Dust is an important source of sediments over the entire
area. The dust contribution is relatively more important, and
the overall rate of sedimentation is lowest in the Gulf of Oman
<i

MBL/WHoy

AI

il

AN

UT

4)

0 0303 004433

FOREWORD

This technical report discusses the marine geology of the
Gulf of Oman and the northern Arabian Sea.

It is based mainly on the analysis results of bottom sedi-
ment samples collected (by NAVOCEANO Scientists) during
the USS REQUISITE 1961 Survey. Samples were analyzed
jointly by the University of Georgia Marine Institute and the
Geological Laboratory of the U.S. Naval Oceanographic

Office.

O.D. WATERS, JR.
Rear Admiral, U.S. Navy

Commander

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Page
[PINTRODUGIIOING meio tects) cic epee) Sete cure voice, berucpastees ]
Il. PROCEDURES
Pa oT SAG laud vc ch os Socata an eae Bearers. Toth! Seek sare I
Bis a bon ct on yammemeeny crt a oo sty ose vc nas oss) te Marites a tieiiee, Oey oat facets I
Ill. REGIONAL SETTING
IS Goastale Geograpinyac) ca aoa rhe ao eon Reet oaucd amis) cons 3
Bri Glimatesmrmer ric eect: tart te Vcr, sac tans Ren caer eine ee ei ccrale 4
Ge *RegionalaGeologye Moke titre sone teu cule: centuries ects 4
IV. MARINE ENVIRONMENT
IAPR GUrnenisn ee ee eee et cae foe ee he beara ken onto a veauwae rs)
Be lemperature ond Sallimiiy) <0. 3) --<gieiauled 0 tal sieew oe Nate: 6
Ge" BottemMopography cca .8 (a eu i ois fae: a het clin yo siemens 10
V. SEDIMENTS
Grain Zee eee cosets ecu ol ane WoW cl ale bec teuonn a beet taste 14
Beer Gal ciumm@anbonate Content: 10s. ¢) 4015 6). acl Grom 14
Gn Okeenic (etl) CGenianis © ds.5:5 6 oldisis 626 Gop o's 14
Dry Carbonate Conshitvemtsiu a )-i) ih et Peleus) uname ome 18
Emel (ightaMinencisieren nt owes cand cc oyetion. carey oo) ogre atch 18
Fe eeGV YaIMImencl site. Pearse aus nekventen oe 2) ea es) elem ser a cores 21
GP ClaysMineralogya ete rl sc. is cee ey lerks vont ous cies 21
fie Carbonate MiInenglogy, Wi ties c.f ces ose) ei enieuenmtcae 23
MillaeneD ISCUSSI@ Nigaane teaetnn tet es calcite! cto Shee Ma heoreer eye 23
REREREINGES as ok oh es -sicc aire pct clge) 1c "ase so co) 25 (hence Rear ea 27

TABLES

1. Light and Heavy Mineralogy of Eight Northern Arabian Sea Samples
(Bercenfibyacourit)ies va: <r stp teem cite Su ehies eet iret iol eye teat othe

2. Carbonate Mineralogy of Four Samples from the Indian Continental
Shelf of the Northern Arabian Sea... 1... 2.22 - ee ee ees

iii

FIGURES

. Northern Arabian Sea Showing Important Ports, Bathymetry, and

Bottom Sample Locations. (Depths in Fathoms)..........

. USS REQUISITE Oceanographic and Geologic Station Locations,

Northern;Arabian’ Sea) 5.0 tere rae tee cet oe oa ere ermeite

. Surface Water Temperature, Northern Arabian Sea, March 1961.
. Surface Salinity, Northern Arabian Sea, March 1961 ......
. Salinity Maximum, Northern Arabian Sea, March 1961 .....
. Bottom Salinity, Northern Arabian Sea, March 1961 ......
. Median Grain Size, Northern Arabian Sea Sediments ......
. Percent Calcium Carbonate, Northern Arabian Sea Sediments . .

. Percent Organic Carbon Content of Northern Arabian Sea

Sediments 25:2 erg ce ee ee tries fo ta ee Meee eee

. Percent Quartz in Sand-size Fraction of Northern Arabian Sea

Sediments hoy etree Orci tare eis ute Ney tre Nec ap Mega

. Clay Mineral Provinces of Northern Arabian Sea Sediments . . .

1. INTRODUCTION

During the first 3 months of 1961, personnel of the U.S. Naval Oceanographic
Office aboard USS REQUISITE, conducted an extensive survey of the waters of the
Persian Gulf, the Gulf of Oman, and the northern Arabian Sea. From the 5th of
January until the 19th of February, the ship operated in the Persian Gulf. The
Arabian Sea-Gulf of Oman phase of the cruise was begun off the coast of Bombay
on February 26th and concluded on March 3st.

In addition to the determination of water characteristics, the party collected
a number of bottom samples which are the subject of this report. These samples
were analyzed jointly by the Geological Laboratory of the Oceanographic Office
and by the University of Georgia Marine Institute. Information furnished by these
analyses, particularly those of size and general composition, has been supplemented
to some extent by other recorded bottom data from this area, principally the reports
of the John Murray Expedition of 1933-34 (StubbIngs, 1939; Wiseman and Bennett,
1940) and bottom chart notations (H. O. Charts 1587, 1588, 1589).

The writers (Richard A. Stewart, U. S. Naval Oceanographic Office, and
Orrin H. Pilkey, University of Georgia Marine Institute) wish to express their appre-
ciation for the efforts of Dr. Bruce Nelson, University of South Carolina, who performed
the clay mineral analyses, and Mr. Robert Giles, University of Georgia, who identified
the heavy minerals.

Il. PROCEDURES

A. Field

Fifty-two bottom samples were obtained on a grid pattern of stations occupying
the center of each one~degree square (Fig. 1). Slight deviation from this pattern
was made along coastal areas. Most samples were collected utilizing a Phleger-type
gravity corer. Three samples were obtained with an orange-peel grab sampler. The
cores and grab samples were sealed untreated.

B. Laboratory

After arrival at the Oceanographic Office, each core was split lengthwise,
described and logged; and representative fractions were taken for the determination
of size, chemistry, and mineralogy. Size analyses were performed using standard
techniques of sieving and pipetting as outlined by Krumbein and Pettijohn (1938) .
Carbonate content was determined by the EDTA (ethylenediamine tetraacetate)
titration method proposed by Tureklan (1956). The Allison method (Allison, 1935)
was employed In the determination of organic carbon content .

html

*o
S

BOTTOM SAMPLE LOCATIONS.

TOPOGRAPHY BASED ON CHARTS H.O. 1587, 1588, and 1589.

FIGURE 1. NORTHERN ARABIAN SEA SHOWING IMPORTANT PORTS, BATHYMETRY, AND
(DEPTHS IN FATHOMS).

The gross compositional character of the coarse fraction of each sample was
examined under the the binocular microscope, and the constituent particles were
identified and counted. Heavy mineral separations were made using tetrabromoethane
(S. G. 2.95), and heavy minerals were identified and counted under the petrographic
microscope. The light minerals were mounted, stalned with sodium cobaltinitrite to
distinguish the feldspars, and similarly counted. Clay mineralogy was determined
qualitatively using standard x-ray diffraction techniques. The carbonate mineralogy
also was determined on total samples by an x-ray diffraction technique. All samples
were visually scanned for dolomite after treatment with dilute acid and use of a
dolomite stain.

Ill. REGIONAL SETTING
A. Coastal Geography

The Arabian Sea is the northern arm of the Indian Ocean located between the
Indian and Arabian Peninsulas. The area of study is the northern portion of the
Arabian Sea bounded to the south by approximately 19® north latitude (Fig. 1).

The northern Arabian Sea is bordered by India, Pakistan, and Iran to the east and
north, and the Al Batina and Oman Coast to the west. Major seaport cities border-
Ing the area include Bombay, India, and Karachi, Pakistan.

The largest river in the area is the Indus; its modern delta is located south of
Karachi. This river drains a large portion of the Indo-Gangetic plain and extends
well into the Himalayas. The Narbada and Tapti rivers of India are smaller than the
Indus and empty into the Gulf of Cambay. These rivers drain the mountainous region
of central India, including the Vindhya and Satpura ranges. South of the Gulf of
Cambay, drainage is eastward, and no important streams reach the sea. Drainage of
the coasts of Iran and western Pakistan is accomplished by a few relatively small
rivers. The Arabian coast contributes virtually no significant drainage to the north=
ern Arabian Sea.

Physiographic provinces in this area are shown by Lobeck (1945) and are also
illustrated by Heezen and Tharp (1965b). Along the Indian coast, south of and in-
cluding part of the Gulf of Cambay, the area is bounded by the Western Ghats.
These mountains rise abruptly from the sea to an average elevation of 3,000 feet.
The Saurashtra, or Kathlawar, Peninsula is characterized by a relatively wide coast-
al lowland. The Indus River Delta area Is low and swampy. The remainder of the
Pakistan and Iran coast consists generally of a narrow coastal lowland which rises
quickly to a plateau averaging 2,000 feet In elevation with individual peaks ranging
up to 7,000 feet. The Arabian coast bordering the study area is generally rugged
and precipitous, but south of Ra's Al Hadd the rellef becomes more subdued .

B. Climate

This entire area lies under the influence of the two monsoonal seasons that
typify Southern and Eastern Asia. During the summer months, southwest monsoon
surface winds blow from the southwest parallel to the arid Arabian coast south of
Ra's Al Hadd and, consequently, contribute little or no moisture to this area. On
reaching the Gulf of Oman, there is some divergence with a southeast branch
blowing into the Gulf. Southwest winds reaching the northern Pakistan coast are
generally deflected eastward owing to the almost continuous presence of a series
of lows. These lows move east to west over the Indo-Gangetic plain and cause a
counter-clockwise circulation of air. Hot, dry continental air moving to these
lows across India rises above and stabilizes the warm moist air from the Arabian
Sea. This effect accounts for the extreme aridity of this northeastern region despite
the inflow of abundant moisture. From Bombay southward, abundant precipitation
occurs along the coastal margin due to the orographic effect of the Western Ghats.

The winter monsoon season is a time of variable northerly winds in the Gulf of
Oman with a high frequency of calms. The most frequent wind direction is from the
northwest although at times the northeast wind blows with exceptional force. These
northeast winds are often heavily laden with dust. Along the Pakistan coast and
southward, the northeast wind dominates during this season.

Spring and fall are the two transitional seasons during which northerly winds
give way to southerly and vice versa. In general, the southerly winds prevail for
the longer period of time .

As a consequence of topography and prevailing winds, there is little precip=
itation in the coastal regions of the study area, and during any season of the year,
desert conditions predominate. Dust storms are common, occurring with greatest
frequency during the summer months, especially along the Makran coast of Pakistan
and Iran. Dust in the Makran area has been reported to a height of 15,000 feet,
but it usually does not exceed 10,000 feet. Prevailing surface winds during this
season of maximum occurrence would tend to prevent this material from being dis-
tributed seaward, but in the vicinity of Gwadar, winds above 6,500 feet are al-
most entirely northerly during this season, providing a transporting agent out over
the sea.

C. Regional Geology

General reviews of the geology of the study area are presented by Wadia (1953)
and Pilgrim (1908). The southern portion along the Indian coast is dominated by the
Tertiary Deccan volcanics. These lavas are generally uniform augite basalts al=-
though locally more acidic and basic valcanics occur. Also exposed in the area
roughly between the Aravalli and Vindhya Mountains are several complex systems

4

of Precambrian rocks, that have been metamorphosed to one degree or another .
Deccan basalt covers much of Kathiawar, but the peninsula is rimmed by a variety
of Cretaceous and Tertiary sediments. Exposed in the Kutch are similar sediments
including limestones, sandstones, and shales. Most of the area between the
Aravalli Mountains and the west side of the Indus basin is covered by Pleistocene
and Recent sediments. These sediments, which range up to thousands of feet in
thickness, are mainly deposits of rivers of the Indo-Gangetic system. Wide ex-
panses of windblown quartz sand are present. This sand contains varying amounts
of calcareous grains. West of the Indus basin to the Pakistan-lran border are ex-
posed thick sections of Tertiary sediments with Cretaceous sediments and minor
Eocene volcanics. Sandstones and shales dominate over limestones. The coast of
Iran is bounded by the Miocene Fars series consisting of marls, clays, and sand-
stones with some limestones and interbedded gypsum .

Outcropping rocks of the Arabian coast are largely sedimentary although
igneous and metamorphic rocks are present in significant amounts. The Carbo-
Triassic Oman series, consisting for the most part of limestone, makes up the back-
bone of the Jebel Akhthar Range. Along the coast are widespread Pleistocene and
Recent sediments consisting of various types of alluvial deposits and a distinctive
friable limestone. Some Jurassic basic sills, made up of gabbros and diorites which
are much metamorphosed, crop out in several areas along the coast. Precambrian
high-grade metamorphic rocks of the Hatat series crop out in a small area near

Ra's Al Hadd.

In summary, the regional geology from a standpoint of potential sediment
sources consists of volcanics, metamorphics, and minor amounts of sediments in
the southern portion of the study area in India. The remainder of the Indian,
Pakistan, and Iranian coasts are principally sedimentary rocks. The Arabian pe-
ninsula coast is also largely sedimentary in nature with some basic igneous and
and metamorphic rocks present .

IV. MARINE ENVIRONMENT

A. Currents

Detailed current data are sparse. No direct current measurements were made
on the Arabian Sea phase of this survey. Current plots in the Atlas of Surface
Currents of the Indian Ocean (H. O. Pub. 566) show a surface circulation gyre
paralleling the coast of Arabia, crossing from Ra's Al Hadd toward Karachi and
south along the Indian coast. For most of the year, this clockwise circulation is
present, but the flow becomes slightly disrupted in October, shows some reversal
in November, and is entirely counter-clockwise in December and January. In
February, reversal occurs and by March a clockwise circulation is again established,
while the northeast monsoon still blows. Barlow (1934) explained this apparent

phenomenon by noting that, during the northeast monsoon season, water at the
head of the Arabian Sea is cooled by the continental wind, producing a gradient
of the sea surface to the north. Water moving in response to this gradient is de-
flected eastward due to Coriolus effect and, consequently, is placed in a clock=-
wise motion apparently at odds with prevailing winds .

Surface current plots in the Gulf of Oman coincide with the dominant wind
direction in that area, flowing southeast in résponse to the northwest wind in winter,
and into the Gulf under the domination of the southeast divergence of the summer
monsoon .

B. Temperature and Salinity

A summary of oceanographic data collected during this cruise is given in TR-176.
Figure 2 shows the stations at which these observations were made during the Arabian
Sea phase. Surface water temperature for March is shown in Figure 3. Temperatures
range from 23 .8°C in the Strait of Hormuz and northwestern Gulf of Oman to 26.7°C
south of Ra's Al Hadd and 26.8°C along the eastern shore of the Gulf of Cambay.
Temperature changes are gradual. The isotherms show some relationship to current
patterns, for example, the tongue of warmer water protruding northward along the
Arabian coast and the southward deflection of the isotherms along the Indian coast .

The influence of colder river water runoff may be seen extending from the Gulf of
Cambay .

On shelf areas, bottom temperatures range from identical to those of surface
waters to a few degrees cooler. An exception is the Strait of Hormuz where bottom
temperatures actually exceed those of the surface due to the outflow at depth of
warm hypersaline Persian Gulf water. In deeper waters, bottom temperatures de-

crease rapidly with depth to values of less than 2°C at depths greater than 2,800
meters .

Surface salinity measurements for March 1961, range from 34.90% in the Gulf
of Cambay to 36.63%, in the Strait of Hormuz (Fig. 4). Low salinities in the Gulf
of Cambay can be attributed to fresh water runoff from the Narbada and Tapti Rivers.
Curiously the Indus River seems to exert little effect on the observed salinity distri=
bution. Possibly prevailing currents during this month confine this fresh water to a
narrow area along the coastline. High salinities in the Strait of Hormuz and Gulf
of Oman can be attributed to outflow of Persian Gulf water into the area. The
complex surface pattern in the eastern Arabian Sea may result from incomplete es=
tablishment of the summer clockwise surface current gyre. Movement of lower salinity
Indian Ocean water northward along the Arabian coast is shown by the 36 .4%p iso-
haline.

According to Emery (1956) most of the outflow of high salinity water from the
Persian Gulf is at depth and primarily along the southeastern side of the Hormuz Strait.

6

vas Nviavuv NdadHLION “SNOILV3O1 NOILVLS 3ID010439 GNV DIHdVYIDONVIIO JLISINOIY SSN ~2 IWNOI4

ood oO 89 2) ov 9 ocd 909 °8S
By a? ae
6S 09 19 S i
\ 4B
LA \ Ag
8s Sb oF Lv 8b 6b os i 4 ; IS zs es |” f
9S cS v& 1 €s r4 is os 6b 8Y Lb 9b Sb be
NS “
~ ‘
irs 92 29 ‘
e ce se : So be eee ss (MG
€ vE ce 9 d€ ge 6& Ip tp 86 ey
ie ‘
© J
68 1, 2 #t8 42 os G2 89 g9 9s
ze ie of Ge ee 12 92 ge v2
06 ss
eee ae ee ee 69 «#88 ; ,
9t------ ZI [:)} 61 (oy I2 ee ee s
SUZEWNN NOILVLS 91901039 eae Sse
. t mS
pf w 1 AS
ey eS ies 4 e 2 oa £9 <2 2 ts es
Gg SNOlL¥901 NOILVLS pM 6 8 d 9 s % cs
\ Sy a Se Ey ccoss eee 08 6s &b8d
SUJGWAN NOlLViS dIHdvY9ONV3SIO = Sec ne
Xt thd

SNOILVIO1 NOILVLS

196 HDYVW “VW4S NVIGVUW NYFHLYON “FUNLVYIdWIL YILVM JDVSINS “€ AUNOIS

mene

2! 2 IWAYSLNI YNOLNOD

(1961 HOYVW)

SuNnLvdsadWalL aJ3dvsaYyNS

1961 HOUWW ‘W43S NVIgVav NYdHLION “ALINITWS JDVaINS =“ INO!

Idd ‘0 = IWAMZLNI YNOLNOD

(1961 HOMVN)

ALINITVS J39vsYNS

Incoming water from the Gulf of Oman flows along the northeastern side of the
strait. Judging from the surface isohalines for March, there is a limited amount
of surface outflow from the Persian Gulf, and this occurs along both sides of the
strait, extending well into the Gulf of Oman. The portion of the split flow that
moves along the Arabian coast appears to be the larger, as would be expected
from Emery's study .

In an attempt to trace Persian Gulf water entering the Arabian Sea, isoha-
lines of the secondary salinity maximum were plotted (Fig. 5). This maximum oc-
curs between 100 and 300 meters at all deep water stations in the study area. It
appears to stabilize at about 300 meters upon reaching the Arabian Sea except in
areas of bottom topographic highs where the maximum is found at depths between
200 and 300 meters. Isohalines again show a forking of Persian Gulf water
near the Strait of Hormuz, and again the strongest outflow is along the Arabian
coast. Persian Gulf water can be clearly traced to about the mouth of the Gulf
of Oman. As previously stated, the secondary salinity maximum is affected by
bottom topography, and in fact, the isohalines outline the northern basin, moving
around high bottom features of the Murray Ridge .

Bottom salinity measurements range from 34.44%, off the Arabian coast in deep
water to 39.34% in the Strait of Hormuz (Fig. 6). In general, bottom water of the
Gulf of Oman and Arabian Sea basins does not exceed 35.00%. Surface and bottom
salinities on the continental shelf are similar because of mixing. The exception is
in the Strait of Hormuz where bottom salinities exceed those of the surface by sig-
nificant amounts .

C. Bottom Topography

The bottom topography of the northern Arabian Sea, as constructed from H.O.
Charts 1587, 1588, and 1589, is illustrated in Figure 1. The contour interval is
200 fathoms beginning at 100 fathoms. A clearer regional picture is presented in
the excellent physiographic diagram of the Indian Ocean by Heezen and Tharp
(1965 a, b).

The continental shelf is widest in the eastern portion of the area off India and
eastern Pakistan. Typically, the shelf here is 60 nautical miles wide and breaks at
depths ranging from 60 to 70 fathoms. Off the Gulf of Cambay it is over 150 miles
wide. Only one significant submarine canyon has been located in this area, the
"Swatch" near the mouth of the Indus. A report on the detailed sounding and delin-
eation of this feature has been made by Hayter (1960). The canyon is well devel-
oped to a depth of about 650 fathoms and is developed to a lesser extent to depths
of 900 fathoms .

L96L HDUVWW ‘W4S NVISVYV NY3HLION “WAWIXVW ALINITVS °S 3uNSl4

ddd 2°O =1VAY3SLNI YNOLNOD

(1961 HOV)
SU3L3W OOF 01 00)! -
WAWIXYN ALINTVS

1]

196L HDUYW ‘W4aS NVISVUV NYJHLYON ‘ALINITVS WOLLOG °9 3YNOIS |

ddd! = IVAYSLNI YNOLNOD

(1961 HOYVW)

ALINIIVS WOLLOS

The continental margin along the northern boundary of the study area differs
in several respects from the eastern margin. In general, the topography is more
irregular. Off western Pakistan, the continental shelf is usually less than 20 miles
wide and narrows to an average width of less than 10 miles off the Iranian coast.
The shelf breaks at about 70 fathoms. The continental slope is often broken by a
small marginal plateau or terrace at depths in the vicinity of 700 to 900 fathoms.
The marginal plateau or terrace ranges in width from about 10 to 35 miles, and the
degree or extent of development of this feature varies widely.

The shelf at the head of the Gulf of Oman is again quite broad. The depth of
the Strait of Hormuz is about 40 fathoms. Between the head of the Gulf and Ra's
Al Hadd, the continental shelf gradually narrows, reaching a minimum width of
about a mile. At several points between Masqat and Ra's Al Hadd, the shelf is
virtually absent. The continental slope here is quite steep. South of Ra's Al Hadd,
the shelf again broadens, the topography becomes generally smoother, and a conti-
nental rise is well-developed .

The deep-sea floor of the northern Arabian Sea consists of two separate and
reasonably distinct basins separated by the northeast-southwest trending Murray
Ridge. The Arabian Sea Basin, which is located southeast of the Murray Ridge, is
completely dominated by the Indus abyssal cone, a huge mass of sediment ultimately
derived from the Indus River. In general it is a smooth feature broken only by a
complex system of turbidity current distributaria. Heezen and Tharp (1964) note the
presence of large natural levees on the Indus cone, constructed to heights of over
400 fathoms. The area northwest of the Murray Ridge comprises the Gulf of Oman
Basin. Heezen and Tharp (1965 a, b) show two relatively small abyssal plains in
this portion of the study area. The larger of the two is called the Oman Abyssal
Plain and occupies the central floor of the Gulf. Another long narrow plain extends
southward from the Oman plain between the continental rise and the Murray Ridge .

The Murray Ridge consists of a linear series of seamounts, scarps, and small
basins which exhibit maximum reliefs ranging from 800 to 1,500 fathoms. Lineation
of some of the scarps, particularly at the northern end of this feature, strongly sug-
gest fault origin. The deepest spot in the study area is slightly over 2,300 fathoms
and is a depression in the ridge line to the southwest. The tops of the various topo-
graphic highs making up the ridge (some of which are flat) range between 200 and
500 fathoms in depth.

13

V. SEDIMENTS
A. Grain Size

Figure 7 shows the distribution of the median grain size of northern Arabian
Sea sediments. Extrapolation of the isopleths was aided by the recorded data and
chart notations previously mentioned.

Along the western and northern margins of the study area, sand=size material is
restricted to the inner shelf. To the east, a large area of sand is found on the inner
and outer shelf near the mouth of the Indus and also along the outer Indian shelf.
The sand-size material of the outer Indian shelf is largely carbonate whereas the
wedge of sand at the mouth of the Indus is largely non=carbonate .

The median grain size of sediments on the continental slope, rise, and adjacent
deep-sea floor is most commonly In the silt and clay range. In the samples observed
the sand-size fraction was never more than 5% by weight of the total sample.
Samples on the ridge are sometimes coarser than sediments of adjacent depths .

B. Calcium Carbonate Content

The areal distribution of the percent of calcium carbonate material in northern
Arabian Sea sediments is shown In Figure 8. Except for a band of calcium carbonate-
rich sediments (up to 86 percent) on the outer shelf, the Indian and eastern Pakistan
shelf sediments are remarkably uniform in carbonate content, ranging from 14 to 19
percent. No figures are available for shelf sediments along the northern and west=
ern margins of the study area. In deeper water, the amount of calcium carbonate
ranges from 17 to 51 percent, the lowest values being found in the Gulf of Oman
Basin where concentrations of less than 20 percent carbonate are often present. In
the Gulf of Oman, carbonate content ranges between 20 and 35 percent of the total
sediment. In general, the amount of calcium carbonate In deep-sea sediments in=
creases southward .

C. Organic Carbon Content

Figure 9 shows the percent organic carbon content of northern Arabian Sea
sediments. The organic carbon content ranges from less than | to about 6 percent.
In a gross way, the organic carbon content is related to grain size; fine sediments
contain the most. Further than this, however, the Gulf of Oman shelf and slope
sediments contain unusually high organic carbon values, and a large high is present
on the slope off the Indus River Delta.

14

SINIWIGIS W3S NVIGVav NY3aHIYON “3ZIS NIVYS Nvidaw °2 |aundI4

SUudJIIN b >
su0nin, 29 - »

suoDIN 29 <

3ZIS NIVYS NVIGSW

SLNAWIGAS V4S NVIGVaV NYJHLYON “ALVNO@IVD WNIDIVD IN3D¥3d “8 UNOIS |

es

% O02 = WAUYSLNI YNOLNOD

AVNOSYVD WNIDIVD LN30Y3d

SLNaWIGAS WaS NVISVUV NYaHLYON JO LNJINOD NO@YVD DINVOYO INIDV3Id “6 FUNDIS

%1= IWAYSLNI YNOLNOD

NOGYYD SINVOYNO LN39Y3d

D. Carbonate Constituents

The most important sand-size or larger constituents of the carbonate fraction
are foraminifera tests. Even in many of the continental shelf sediments, foraminifera
dominate the carbonate fraction. Next in abundance are calcareous chunks and
fragments which cannot be positively identified. Many appear to be fragments of
foraminifera tests; others are probably windblown grains of limestone or dolomite .
Mollusks are found in appreciable quantities only in continental shelf sediments .
Radiolaria vary considerably in importance, ranging from 0 to 40 percent of the total
coarse fraction. They are more abundant at depths below 1,000 fathoms, particularly
in the southeast basin. Abundant calcareous pellets were noted on the Indian outer
shelf in the aforementioned carbonate-rich band. These pellets are slightly phosphatic,
and range in size from fine to medium sand and in color from salmon to dark blue gray.
Some pellets strongly resemble phosphate grains.

E. Light Minerals

In the process of coarse fraction analysis, the quartz content of the material of
sand size was determined. More accurately, the "quartz" fraction includes all light-
colored non=carbonate minerals of which quartz is the most important constituent .
Plotting these percentages (Fig. 10) reveals an interesting pattern of areal distribu-
tion. Northwest of the Murray Ridge, except for the inner Gulf of Oman, the deep=
sea sediments contain much quartz (between 14 and 70 percent) in the coarse fraction .
The coarse fractions of the Arabian Sea Basin sediments contain between 0 and 4 per-
cent quartz; in fact, about one-half of the samples contained no sand=size quartz.
It is significant that this quartz occurs on the ridge as well as in abyssal plain sediments.

Inner continental shelf sediments generally contain significant amounts of sand=
size quartz; however, outer shelf sediments of the Indian and Pakistan coast contain
mainly calcium carbonate and generally less than 5 percent quartz of this size.

Most samples contain an insufficient amount of light mineral, non-carbonate
fraction of sand=size to justify quantitative mineral determinations. It was possible,
however, to determine the quartz and feldspar content of the non-carbonate sand
fraction of eight samples. The results of these determinations are shown in Table 1.
Indian shelf samples Nos. 45 and 46 are from the Gulf of Cambay, and sample No.
89 was collected near the Gulf of Kutch (Fig. 2). The remaining five samples are
deep-sea sediments from the southwestern corner of the study area near the Arabian
coast. In every sample, quartz is more abundant than both of the feldspars combined,
and plagioclase is more common than orthoclase. The two samples from the Gulf of
Cambay exhibit unusually high plagioclase contents, 35 and 36 percent, as compared
to values between 14 and 21 percent for the remaining samples. The orthoclase con-
tent is less variable and ranges between 5 and 12 percent for all samples.

18

SLNIWIGaS vas NVIGvayv NugHIYON JO NOILDVad AZIS-GNVS NI ZLYVNO LNIDYId “OL FNDIS

SUJD19 pesos

—s 1N39Y43d OI <

NOILOVYS 4ZIS GNVS
Ni ZiLYWNO .LNZONad

TABLE 1]

Light and Heavy Mineralogy of Eight Northern Arabian Sea Samples
(percent by count)

Sample Number
Light Minerals 45 46 51 52 BA 55 56 89
vartz 47 45 62 62 62 9 6 72
Orthoclase 1 7 11 10 9 5 12 8
Plagioclase 35 36 21 20 19 16 17 14
Rock fragment 0 0 0 0 ] 0 0 0
Other ue i® 46 8 9 18 3 6
100 _— i ea re cP

Heavy Minerals
Opaques
Hornblende
Tremolite-Actinolite
Biotite
Muscovite
Olivine
Garnet
Epidote
Rutile
Sphene
Green Tourmaline
Brown Tourmaline
Staurolite
Zircon

Others

Ww

—RFROON ]—]—]WOWRARN QO ON WO
— aw A)

WOON FOOWWH— WN OW
— =! at

—

i >)
W—_OQOO0ORW $=] = AN OOD ND
> — —

Nea VTnndnwnoaooaonaw

COCO COMOON

Uooun
ei ew! ast a=ail

=|=NOONNODNAUTON O
ouco

=—~N
SCOOCOOC00O=8N—w
COuUUWNY

SCuUUuUUUUS

on
SCOUUNCuUWS

SCOUUNDOUY

bo
=

AONOOUuUUUHUOY
ome,
ro)

oo

_ LS)
WOd0O—_—]—_-%00 =$WWDWON NWN

UAUAOUUOOUUUY
AOUUOUOe

noun
N=COO-COROUB MON

The sand=size quartz and feldspar grains in all samples in which they occur
were checked for surface frosting and pitting effects. Sand grains from the rela~
tively quartz-rich northwest basin are often strongly frosted, whereas frosting and
pitting is much less common on quartz grains found to the east of the ridge in the
southeast basin and on the Indian continental shelf. In Figure 10, samples in which
frosted grains were observed are designated by X's.

F. Heavy Minerals

The heavy mineralogy of the same eight samples analyzed for light minerals is
also shown in Table 1. Heavy mineral suites from the Arabian coast do not seem to
differ fundamentally from those of the Indian shelf. All suites are unstable and are
derived from both metamorphic and igneous rocks. Most of the mineral grains, in-
cluding mica, are fresh in appearance.

Biotite shows more sample to sample variation than any other mineral, ranging
from 0.5 to 74.0 percent. In two samples, Nos. 51 and 89, biotite is by far the
most common heavy mineral (74.0 and 63.5 percent, respectively). In all samples,
biotite is more abundant than muscovite, but it is possible that some muscovite is
too light to be completely separated by treatment with tetrabromoethane. In sample
No. 51, muscovite and biotite together make up to 85 percent of the heavy minerals.
Along the Arabian coast, the biotite content apparently increases with distance from
shore = probably a function of wind and/or water sorting processes on the flat mica
grains. ;

Epidote is also variable in concentration, ranging from 0 to 23 percent. The
average concentrations of the major heavy minerals of all eight northern Arabian
Sea samples observed are: opaques, 17.7%; hornblende, 9.1%; tremolite-actinolite,
13.0%; biotite, 23.6%; muscovite, 3.5%; olivine, 6.2%; garnet, 2.6%; epidote,
12.8%; rutile, 1.0%; sphene, 3.5%; tourmaline, 4.1%; and zircon, 1.4%.

G. Clay Mineralogy

The general distribution of clay minerals from sediments of the study area is
delineated in Figure 11. On the basis of the illite-chlorite-montmorillonite content,
three reasonably distinct clay mineral provinces can be distinguished: (1) a montmo-
rillonite-rich assemblage from sediments of the southeastern portion of the study area,
(2) an illite-chlorite-minor montmorillonite assemblage of the central area; and (3)
an illite=chlorite-no montmorillonite assemblage found in the Gulf of Oman Basin.

The montmorillonite province includes the continental shelf areas adjacent to

the Saurashtra Peninsula and the Gulf of Cambay, as well as nearby deep water
areas. IlIlite also is present in these sediments but In relatively small amounts.

21

SINAWIGAS VAS NVI8VaV NYdHLYON JO SJDNIAOdd TWYANIW AVID “IL FINDIS

as = ——

O Pess@,ep eO4Ul;ooH

04/4014 - O4NIII
OJlUO] OW LUOW JowW
04)40149 = 8911
©4}U0}}} 40WjUOW

SSINIAOUd IVYANIW

22

The illite-chlorite=minor montmorillonite province is largely, but not entirely,
restricted to the Arabian Sea Basin and nearby shelf areas of India and Pakistan to
the northeast. These are probably largely Indus River sediments .

The illite-chlorite-no montmorillonite assemblage is generally restricted to the
northwest basin, Including the Gulf of Oman. Kaolinite was observed as a minor
constituent in only five samples in the entire study region.

H. Carbonate Mineralogy

Quantitative analyses of the carbonate fraction mineralogy could be obtained
on only four samples by the techniques used (Table 2). All of the sediments repre-
sented in Table 2 are from the carbonate-rich band of the outer Indian shelf. With
one exception, mineral percentages of these samples are typical of continental shelf
non=reef carbonates wherein the unstable minerals, aragonite and high Mg calcite,
are dominant. The exception is sample No. 87 in which low Mg calcite makes up
51 percent of the carbonate fraction.

Semi-quantitative analysis of the carbonate fraction of the other Indian shelf
samples indicates that low Mg calcite is usually more abundant than high Mg calcite
and aragonite. Deep water sediments contain mostly low Mg calcite in the carbonate
fraction.

Dolomite is present in variable amounts in almost all samples. The presence of
dolomite was verified by both microscopic observation and x-ray diffraction analysis .
In general, dolomite is more abundant in the Arabian Sea Basin and particularly on
the Indian continental shelf. Dolomite is usually found in silt-size grades, but in
eight samples (Nos. 45, 47, 50, 51, 63, 85, 89, and 92) grains were noted in the
.062 to .125 mm. size fraction. The amount of dolomite was not quantitatively de-
termined, but for the most part, it is present in only trace amounts and probably never
makes up more than 5 or 10 percent of the carbonate fraction. Well-formed rhombs
are rare and many dolomite grains are rounded, a fact which rules out an authigenic
origin for this mineral .

VI. DISCUSSION

The northern Arabian Sea is an area of dominant terrigenous sedimentation, as
might be expected because of the close proximity of land on three sides and the ab-
sence of barriers or sediment traps near the continental margins.

Within the deep-sea basin, the Murray Ridge has a strong influence on sedi-
mentation. The most obvious effect of the ridge is Its role In damming or containing
the Indus cone, thus preventing deposition of Indus River materials in the Gulf of
Oman Basin. This effect Is demonstrated by the presence of the two abyssal plains

23

TABLE 2

Carbonate Mineralogy of Four Samples from the Indian Continental
Shelf of the Northern Arabian Sea

Sample No.
MINERAL 4) 47 87 91
Aragonite 67 82 33 54
High Mg Calcite 13 6 16 13
Low Mg Calcite 20 12 51 33
Dolomite tr tr tr tr
100

24

to the northwest of the ridge and by the change in sediment characteristics. The
influence of bottom turbidity currents appears quite obvious from topographic con-
siderations alone. The size, shape, and areal extent of the Indus cone, as well as
the presence of apparent distributaries and natural levees, point to a primary tur=
bidity current origin of this feature .

The close similarity of ridge and adjacent deep sediments is probable evidence
of the importance of wind and ocean currents in sediment distribution. Dust is un-
doubtedly an important source of sediment over the entire northern Arabian Sea and
particularly in the Gulf of Oman Basin. Sugden (1963) estimates that one-third of
the sediments being deposited in the adjacent Persian Gulf are wind-derived. In
the northern Arabian Sea area, the occurrence of wide-spread dust storms during the
monsoons is well documented. The extreme aridity of the bordering land masses and
the paucity of perennial streams, particularly around the Gulf of Oman Basin, in-
creases the relative importance of aeolian material. Frosted quartz grains noted in
ridge sediment are proof of the importance of wind in this area. Aeolian quartz is
very likely derived from desert sands south of Ra's Al Hadd and from the Makran
coast in the vicinity of Gwadar. Indirect evidence of the primary sediment source
wind direction is the increase in biotite with distance from the Arabian shore, which
may reflect wind sorting effects on the flat mica grains. Judging from available
water current data, this is not likely to be an aqueous sorting effect.

The few coarse fraction heavy and light mineral suites that were quantitatively
analyzed were highly unstable. This may reflect two factors: (1) pre-existing sed-
iments are not major contributions to the coarse fraction and (2) the regional aridity
inhibits extensive chemical weathering. Pre-existing sediments do contribute some
coarse material to the northern Arabian Sea, notably the rounded dolomite and cal-
cite grains and frosted quartz grains .

The clay mineral distribution strongly reflects source rocks. The high montmo-
rillonite province in the southeastern corner of the study area is adjacent to and
undoubtedly derived from the abundant basic rocks in the area (Deccan basalts) .
With increasing distance from these source rocks, the montmorillonite content of
the marine sediment decreases .

The Indian continental shelf exhibits the often observed sediment distribution
pattern of fine sediments near shore and coarser material on the central and outer
shelves. Very likely the nearshore material is recent while the remainder of the
shelf sediment is relict, having formed during lower sea level stands of the Pleisto-
cene. The area of sand=size sediment off the mouth of the Indus River reflects a
relatively high rate of sedimentation associated with the river. On the other hand,
the relatively coarse patches of sediment on the outer shelf south of the present
Indus River mouth are largely calcareous in composition and reflect very low rates
of present day terrigenous sedimentation .

25

Since 1962, the research vessels of several countries (Germany, France,
India, Pakistan, the U.S.S.R., and the United States) have been highly active
in this particular region. Unfortunately, the results of these investigations are
not yet available, but a wealth of additional information should soon be forthcoming.

26

REFERENCES

Allison, L. E., 1935, Organic soil carbon by reduction of chromic acid:
Soil Sci., v. 40, p. 311-320.

Barlow, E. W., 1934, Currents of the Arabian Sea and Bay of Bengal. A further
investigation into their seasonal variation: Marine Observer, v. 11, p.19=22.

Emery, K. O., 1956, Sediments and water of Persian Gulf: Amer. Assoc. Petrol .
Geol. Bull., v. 40, p. 2354-2383.

Hayter, P.J.D., 1960, The Ganges and Indus submarine canyons: Deep-Sea
Research, v. 6,p. 184-186.

Heezen, B. C., and Tharp, M., 1964, Physiographic diagram of the Indian Ocean:
Program, 1964 Geol. Soc. of America Annual Meeting, p. 88-89 (abstract) .

soseo= , and Tharp, M., 1965a, Physiographic diagram of the Indian Ocean:
Geol. Soc. of America.

saao-- , and Tharp, M., 1965b, Descriptive sheet to accompany physiographic
diagram of the Indian Ocean: Geol. Soc. of America.

Krumbein, W. C., and Pettijohn, F.J., 1938, Manual of Sedimentary Petrography,
Appleton-Century-Crofts, New York, 549 p.

Lobeck, A. K., 1945, Physiographic diagram of Asia: New York, Geog. Press.

Peery, K. B., 1965, Results of the Persian Gulf-Arabian Sea Oceanographic
Surveys, 1960-61: U.S. Naval Oceanographic Office TR-176, 239 p.

Pilgrim, G. E., 1908, The Geology of the Persian Gulf and the Adjoining Portions
of Persia and Arabia: India Geol. Survey Mem. 34, pt. 4, 177 p.

Stubbings, H. G., 1939, The marine deposits of the Arabian Sea: John Murray
Expedition, 1933-34, Sci. Repts., v. 3, no. 2, p. 31-158.

Sugden, W., 1963, Some aspects of sedimentation in the Persian Gulf: Jour. Sed.
Pet., v. 33, p. 355-364.

Turekian, K. K., 1956, Rapid technique for determination of carbonate content
of deep-sea cores: Amer. Assoc. Petrol. Geol. Bull., v. 40, p. 2507-2509.

27

REFERENCES (cont'd)

U.S. Navy Hydrographic Office, 1944, Atlas of Surface Currents - Indian Ocean:
H. O. Pub. 566, Washington.

Wadia, D. N., 1953, Geology of India: MacMillan and Co., Ltd., London, 531 p.
Wiseman, J.D.H., and Bennett, H., 1940, The distribution of organic carbon and

nitrogen in sediments from the Arabian Sea: John Murray Expedition, 1933-34,
Sci. Repts., v. 3, no. 4, p. 193-221.

28

Security Classification

DOCUMENT CONTROL DATA - R&D

(Security classification of title, body of abstract and indexing annotation must be entered when the overall! report is classified)

- ORIGINATING ACTIVITY (Corporate author) 2a. REPORT SECURITY ¢€ LASSIFICATION
U. S. Naval Oceanographic Office Unclassified
Oceanographic Surveys Department 2b GROUP :
Di me,

Ocean Surve iF
. REPORT TITLE

SEDIMENTS OF THE NORTHERN ARABIAN SEA

. DESCRIPTIVE NOTES (Type of report and inclusive dates)

Final Report 26 February to 31 March 1961

. AUTHOR(S) (Last name, first name, initial)
Stewart, Richard A.
Pilkey, Orrin H.

6. REPORT DATE Ja. TOTAL NO. OF PAGES 7b. NO. OF REFS _

January, 1966 28 17

8a. CONTRACT OR GRANT NO. 9a. ORIGINATOR’S REPORT NUMBER(S)

b. PROJECT NO. TR-186

9b. OTHER REPORT NO(S) (Any other numbers that may be assigned
this report)

none

10. AVAILABILITY/LIMITATION NOTICES

Qualified requesters may obtain copies of this report from DCD. Price$ 1.00

11. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES 12. SPONSORING MILITARY ACTIVITY

Navy

13. ABSTRACT

Topographically the northern Arabian Sea can be divided into two basins separated by the
northeast=southwest trending Murray Submarine Ridge. The northwest Gulf of Oman Basin
exhibits a more irregular topography, particularly along the continental margin, than does the
southeast Arabian Sea Basin, which is dominated by the large sediment cone of the Indus River .
Sediments with median grain sizes in the sand and silt range are largely restricted to the con=
tinental shelves and upper continental slopes. Basin sediments are calcareous (17 to 51 percent
calcium carbonate) and become more so to the south. A band of relatively pure carbonate
materials is present on the outer Indian shelf. Detrital grains of dolomite and calcite are
present in small amounts in most samples, and frosted, pitted quartz grains are common in the
coarse fraction of sediments from the northwest basin. The non-carbonate coarse fraction of
the sediments contains much feldspar and an unstable heavy mineral suite of both metamorphic
and igneous origin. Dust is an important source of sediments over the entire area. The dust
contribution is relatively more important, and the overall rate of sedimentation is lowest in
the Gulf of Oman Basin as compared to the Arabian Sea Basin.

DD 52". 1473

Security Classification

i

Security Security Classification

MMM ke Tomes,

Arabian Sea Oceanographic Survey
USS REQUISITE Oceanographic Survey

Arabian Sea Marine Sediments

INSTRUCTIONS

\. ORIGINATING ACTIVITY: Enter the name and address
of the contractor, subcontractor, grantee, Department of De-
fense activity or other organization (corporate author) issuing
the report.

2a. REPORT SECURITY CLASSIFICATION: Enter the over-
all security classification of the report. Indicate whether
‘Restricted Data’’ is included. Marking is to be in accord
ance with appropriate security regulations.

2b. GROUP: Automatic downgrading is specified in DoD Di-
rective 5200.10 and Armed Forces Industrial Manual. Enter
the group number. Also, when applicable, show that optional
markings have been used for Group 3 and Group 4 as author-
ized.

3. REPORT TITLE: Enter the complete report title in all
capital letters. Titles in all cases should be unclassified.
If a meaningful title cannot be selected without classifica-
tion, show title classification in all capitals in parenthesis
immediately following the title.

4. DESCRIPTIVE NOTES: If appropriate, enter the type of
report, e.g., interim, progress, Summary, annual, or final.
Give the inclusive dates when a specific reporting period is
covered.

5. AUTHOR(S): Enter the name(s) of author(s) as shown on
or in the report. Enter jast name, first name, middle initial.
If military, show rank and branch of service. The name of

the principal author is an ahsolute minimum requirement.

6. REPORT DATE: Enter the date of the report as day,
month, year; or month, year. If more than one date appears
on the report, use date of publication.

7a. TOTAL NUMBER OF PAGES: The total page count
should follow normal pagination procedures, i.e., enter the
number of pages containing information.

7b. NUMBER OF REFERENCES: Enter the total number of
references cited in the report.

8a. CONTRACT OR GRANT NUMBER: If appropriate, enter
the applicable number of the contract or grant under which
the report was written

8b, &, & 8d. PROJECT NUMBER: Enter the appropriate
military department identification, such as project number,
subproject number, system numbers, task number, etc.

9a. ORIGINATOR’S REPORT NUMBER(S): Enter the offi-
cial report number by which the document will be identified

and controlled by the originating activity. This number must
be unique to this report.

96. OTHER REPORT NUMBER(S): If the report has been
assigned any other report numbers (either by the originator

or by the sponsor), also enter this number(s).

10. AVAILABILITY/LIMITATION NOTICES: Enter any lim-
itations on further dissemination of the report, other than those

“ever, the suggested length is from 150 to 225 words.
14. KEY WORDS: Key words are technically meaningful term

imposed by security classification, using standard statements
such as:

(1) ‘‘Qualified requesters may obtain copies of this
report from DDC.’’

(2) ‘*Foreign announcement and dissemination of this
report by DDC is not authorized.”’

(3) ‘‘U. S. Government agencies may obtain copies of
this report directly from DDC. Other qualified DDC ©
users shall request through F

(4) ‘'U. §. military agencies may obtain’ copies of this —
report directly from DDC. Other qualified users
shall request through

(5) ‘‘All distribution of this report is controlled Qual-

ified DDC users shall request through

If the report has been furnished to the Office of Technic
Services, Department of Commerce, for sale to the public, i
cate this fact and enter the price, if known.

11, SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES: Use for additional explaneg
tory notes.

12. SPONSORING MILITARY ACTIVITY: Enter the name of
the departmental project office or laboratory sponsoring (pay
ing for) the research and development. Include address.

13. ABSTRACT: Enter an abstract giving a brief and factual
summary of the document indicative of the report, even thou
it may also appear elsewhere in the body of the technical re-
port. If additional space is required, a continuation sheet sh
be attached.

It-is highly desirable that the abstract of classified report
be unclassified. Each paragraph of the abstract shall end wi th
an indication of the military security classification of the in-
formation in the paragraph, represented as (TS), (S), (C), or (U)

There is no limitation on the length of the abstract. How-

or short phrases that characterize a report and may be used as
index entries for cataloging the report. Key words must be ~
selected so that no security classification is required. Identi
fiers, such as equipment model designation, trade name, mi
project code name, geographic location, may be used as key ©
words but will be followed by an indication of technical con- —
text. The assignment of links, rales, and weights is optional.

ud

Security Classifi>ation

981-Yl ~

Kax|!d “HH UL4O
JIDMA4S “W PADYD!y sssOYyINW * I!

pag UDIqDiy
UJ2YJJON) BY} JO sjUaUIp|G sa]}1) 1
JLISINOAY ssn - sdiys *y
S$JUBWIPas WOJJOg = JO 4jNd ‘UDO *¢
AydpiBounaso = jo jing fuDWGQ *Z
AydpsBounas0 = pas upiqniy *|

“OZI-UL U! paysi}qnd e1p pypq

98L-UL
Aarid “H UL4O
44DM34S ON PAbYys!y sSdOUINY P
pas uDIqniy

UsBYJONK] AYy JO sJUBWIp|S sai4ly +1

ILISINOAY ssn - sdiys *y

SJUBUIPas WOJJoq = JO 4jND /uDWO “¢E
AydpsBounas0 = jo jing fuDWQ *Z
AydpsBoun|90 = pas uDigniy *|

“OZL-YL U! pays!|qnd ein pyoq

*sa)qp4 ul usAI6 asp
sejduips juawipas jpsaAas yo ABojpsauiw Aavayy

*papnyou! aio uoljoD4y azis-pups u! z44onb
pup ‘uogind S1upB10 4a4puOgiD> WIN!9|D9 jo seBp
-juadJed pup ‘saoulAoid joieurw Anjo /az!s usos6

UDIpaw jo UO!{Ng!44sIp a4} BulMoys sein61y pup
‘paulpjdxe 21D seinpasoid saskjpup juawiipas A104
=DJOGD| pud pjaly ‘pajuaseid 91D paiD ayy yo juaw

-UOl!AUa aulJDW ayy puD Buljjas }oUCIBad ay)

“1961 Y240W puDd Asoniga4 Bulinp pag upiqniy

usayyiou ul Aadins 91ydosBoun|s0 34 |S|MOAY

SSN Bulinp peyoa|}02 Djyop juaWIpas WojJyoq puD
*Aylui|ps ‘ainyoiaduiay jo uo!ssndsip p sulpDjUO>

“(98L-¥1) “91924 Z

*s614 [| Buipnjour ‘"dgz 9961 Aspnuoe “W395
NVIGVaV NYFHLYON JHL JO SLNAWIGAS

891J4O 214dosBouDs9Q |DADNY “Ss "|

*$9]q04 Ul UdAIB aD
se|duins yuaulipas jpseaAas yo ABojosauiw AAvayy

*papnjou! aio uolyop4y azIs-pups ul ZJ410nb
pup ‘uogind d1upBio ’a4DU0gG4D5 wN!9|D> jo saBp
-jueoied pup ‘saoulAoid joiausw Anjo ‘azis usps6

UDIpaWl Jo UO!4{NgI4ysIp ayy BulMoys seinB1y pud
{peulpjdxe 21D seinpaco.id saskjpup juawipas Aloy
=DJoqp] pud pjaly ‘pejuaseid 91D pein ayy yo yuoW

-UOJ!AUa SUlJOW ayy puDd Buljyas joUCIBas ayy

*L96L youpw pup Aspnigay Bulinp pag upiqniy

usayjiou ut AvAins 914dosBouna20 31 |/5|NOAY

SSN Bulinp peyoe|;02 Dyop juawW!pas Wojjoq puD
*Ajtuijps ‘ainyosadwia4 jo uolssnosip p suipjuo5

(981-41) *S91924Z

“3614 [| Buypnjour “"dgz 9961 Aupnuop “W335
NVI@Vav NYaHLON JHL JO SLNaWIGaS

891J4O 214dosBoun|a90 |DADN “Ss *f)

981-Yl *
Kar! “H W441
44IDM9I1S ° VY Papysiy ssJOUINY *
pes UDIGDYy

UJBYPOK] BY} JO SjUBWIpeg <a]}I] “1

FLISINDAY SSN - sdiys “+

sJUBWIPas WOJJOG = JO 4/ND /uUDWE °
AydpsBounaco = 40 jJNd ‘uDWO *Z
AydpiBounas0 = pas uDiqDiy *|

“OZ1-YL UY! paysi|qnd ein vjoq

981-yl °
Ka>|!4 °H UO

44DM94S oN / Papyoly *SAOUINY Y

pas UDIGDIYy
UIBYJIOK] out jo sjUsWIpss soldi aL
JLISINOAY ssn - sdiys “yp
SJUBWIPAS WOJJOG = JO J]ND fuDWO *¢E
AydpsBounaco = jo 4jnd ‘uDWO *Z
AydpiBounaso = pag uDiqniy *|

“OZL-YL U! pays!|qnd ein ojyoq

*s8|qD4 ul UBAIB oD
se|duips yuawipas jDjieAas jo ABojpiauiw AADay

* papnjou! aD uoljoD4y azIs-pups u! zysonb
pup ‘uogin> 91uDB40 4aypUuOgJD> WNId|D9 jo saBo
-juaoled pup ‘saoulAoid joieusw Apjo ‘azis uloi6

UDIpaWi Jo UO!INg!4jsIp ayy Bulmoys seinBiy puod
{paulpjdxe aip sainpacoid sasAjpup juawipas Alo}
=DJoqp] pud pial} ‘pajuaseid ain pein ey} jo yuaw

-UoJJAUa aulJOW ay} pud Buljjas jouoC!Ba1 ay)

“L961 Yyo4DW pun Aspnige4 Bulinp pag uDiqniy

usaysiou ut Aadins 214doiBounas0 31 /S|NO3Y

SS/M Sulinp pejoe|}oo Djop jUsWipas Wojjoq puD
*Ayuljps ‘ainyosedwias yo uoIssnosip D suiDjUuO>

(981-41) *s219°4Z

‘*s614 || Burpnjouy “-dgz 996] Atonuor “yas
NVI8 Vay NYdHLIYON JHL SO SLN3WIG3S

891JJO D1Y4YdosBouDEedg |DADN “Ss “|

*s8]qQD} Ul UBAIB 31D
sajduips yuawipas jo1aAas jo ABojpsauiw AAvay

* papnjou! aip Uo!4j9DJj aZ!s-puDs ul zjJoNb
pub ‘uogip o1UuDB1o ’ajnUOgJD WNId|D9 jo saBp
-juacied pup ‘saoulAoid joseuiw Adj> ‘azis uloi6

UDIpaw jo UO!{Ngl4ysip ayy Buimoys sein61y puo
{paulpjdxe a4p sainpasoid sasXjpup juawipas A104
=DJOqD] pud pjalj ‘pajuaseid aio vaio ayy jo yUaW

=UoJJAUa aUlJOW ay} puDd Buljjas jouo!Ges ay]

“L961 Yyo4PW pup Aspnigqa4 Sulinp pag upigo.iy

usaysiou ul AaAins 214ydosBounes0 31 |S|NO3y

SS/N Sulinp pejoe|joo Djop yUaWIpas Wojjyog puod
*Ayuijps ‘ainyoJadwas yo Ud!ssNosip D sUIDJUOT

(981-41) S21924 Z

“si [| Buypnjour “"dgz 9961 Atenupp “w3s
NVIVUV NYJHLYON JH1 JO SLN3WIGaS

891jJO 214dosBounasQO |DADNY “Ss “fh

981-¥L
Kax|!d °H UO
JIDMa}S “VW pAbydiy ssioujny
bag uDIqDiy
UJBYJJON] BYY JO SJUBWIP|S :a]4I]

ILISINOAY ssn - sdiys “yp

SJUBWIPasS WOJJoq = Jo Jina /uDWO *¢
AydosBounas0 = jo jing fuDWO *Z
AydoiBounas0 = pag upiqniy *|

“OZI-YL U! pays!|qnd a0 jog

981-UL
A2A\!d “H ULO
JIDMAIS *W PADYS!Iy zsu0UinYy
peg UDIqDiy
UJBYJION] BUY JO sJUBWIPaS 9/41]

*sa|qp4 ul UaAIB aD
sejduins yuawipas jpJaAas yo ABojpsausw AAvayy

*papnjou! aio uoljop4y azis-pups u! ZJ4onb

pup ‘uogind S1uDBio ’ajDUOgJD9 WN!9|D9 jo sap

=juaoJed pup ‘seoulAoid jpsouiw Anjo ‘azis uips6

UDIpaw Jo UO!{NgI44sip a4, Bui Moys sesnB61y pud

{peulpjdxe ain seinpacoid saskjoup juawipas AJo4

=D1oqD] pud pja!} ‘pajuaseid ain pain ay} yo juaw
-UOsJAUa BUlJDW ayy puD Buljjas joUC!Be. ay)

“1961 Youpw pup Auoniqa4 Bulinp pas uoiqoiy

useyjiou ul AaAins 2!ydpsBounas0 91 |S|NOIY

SSN Sul.np pe49e||09 Dyop juawipas Wojjoq pud
‘Ajlui|Ds /aJnjosadwWa4 Jo UO!ssnosip b suIDjUO>

“(98L-Y1) *s919°4 Z

“S614 || Bupnjour “"dgz 9961 Apnupr ‘ys
NVISWa¥ NYJHIYON JHL JO SLNAWIGSS

991JJO 21YydosBouda9Q |PADNY “Ss *f|

*s8|qn4 ul UeAIB ap
se|duins juawipes jpsaAas yo ABojpsauiw AAvayy

*papnjou! aio uoljopsy az!s-pups u! zJ10nb

pub “uogund 91UDB10 ’a4pUuoqJp9 WN!5}09 jo sep

-juadsed pup ‘saoulAoid joiauiw Apjo ‘azis ulos6

UDIPEw Jo UO!\Ng!J4s!p ayy Bul Moys seinB1jy puo

fpeulpjdxe 9p seinpaso.d saskjpup yuawipas A104

=DJOqd| puD pjalj ‘pajuaseid 91D paip ayy Jo yuow
-Uod!AUS SUlJDW ayy pud Buljjas joUO!Bed ayy

“1961 YouDW pun Asoniga4 Bulinp pag uDiqniy
wsayjiou ul Addins 2!4ydpsBoun9|20 31 1S |MOAY

SSN Bulanp peyse|;05 pjyop juaWipas Wojyoq puD

98L-Yl ot!

Kax|!d “H UL4O

44DM34S “\/ PAbYyo!y PSIOUING . 1

bag uDIqDiy
UJBY PION] out jo sjusWipes Toys “ 1
JLISINDAY ssn - sdiys “yp
SJUBUIPAsS WOJJOG = JO JjNd /UDWQ *E
AydpsBounas0 = jo ying fuDWO *Z
Aydoi6ounac0 = pag uDigoiy * |

“9ZI-YL Ut paysiiqnd e140 o40q

98L-Yl °!
Aa} !4 °H ULO
JIDMA}S “YW PADYD!Y ssuoYyINW “1
pas UDIqDIy
UJAYYON OY} JO SJU@WIPaS saly] “1

*s9|qd} Ul UdAIB BJD
se|duips juawipas jpJeAas jo ABojosausw AAvayy

*papnjou! asp uoljop4j azis-pups Ul zJioNb
pup ‘uogip> 21uDBio ’aypuogJD2 wWn!9|D> jo sap
-juaosed pup ‘saoujAoid jpseuiw Anjo ‘azis uips6

UDIpaW 4o UOl{Ng!44jsip ayy Buimoys sain6iy puo
{paulpjdxe aio seinpasoid sash|puD juawipas Ajoy
=DJOqD| pud pial} ‘pajuasaid 31D Dai ayy jo yuaw

-UoJIAUa SaulJOW ayy pud Buljyas joUC!Bes ayy

“L961 Yyo4oW pun Aspnigay Bulinp pag upiqnsy

ujayyiou ul Aadins 214ydoiBouna50 31 |S|NOIY

SSN Bulsnp pajyoa}j09 Djyop juawWipes Wojjog puD
‘Ayiuijps /ainyosadwiay jo UOIssNosip D sUIDJUO>

(981-41) *S21924Z

“s61y 11 Buypnyour “"dgz 9961 Aupnuor ‘w3s
NVIGV8V NYJHLYON JHL JO SLN3WIGIS

291JjO 214ddsBoun|asGQ |DADNY “ss “fh

*s8|qo} ul UBAI6 21D
sa|duips juawipas jpJeAes yo ABojpsjau;w AAvay

*papnyjou! 4p Uo!joD1j azIs-puDs U! zy1oNb

pup ‘Uogipo o1UuDBio ‘a4oUO0gJOS WN!d|D9 jo seBp

—juaoied pup ‘saou!Aoid joiauiw Anjo ‘azis uloi6

UDIpaW Jo UO!{Ng!Jysip ayy Buimoys seinBiy puo

{paulpjdxe ap seinpaco.d sasXjpup yuawipas Ao}

=DJOqD| pud pjalj ‘pejuaseid ain pain ayy jo juaW
-UoJ!AUa aulioW a4} puDd Buljjas jouo!Bas ayy

“L961 Yyo4DW pud Aspniga4 Bulinp pag uDiqoiy
usayyiou ul Asasns 214ydoi6oune0 91 |S|NO3Y
SSN Sulinp pajyoa||o2 Djyop yuaWipas Wo}jog puD

“AyuUI|Ds ‘ainjosadway Jo UO!ssndsip D sUIDJUO>

“(981-U1) *s919>4Z

“*s614 [| Bupnjour “-dgz 9961 Atpnuoe ‘W335
NVIGWa¥ NYJHIYON FHL JO SLNaWIGaS

891J}O 91Ydo1B0uD990 |DADNY "Ss “7

JLISINOSY ssn - sdiys “py ‘Ayluijos ‘ainyosaduiay Jo UO!ssndsip D sulDJUO>
SJUBWIpas WOJJoq = JO Jina fuDWO *¢
AydosBounas0 = jo jing {uDWOQ *Z
Aydbi6ounas0 = pas upiqniy *|

ALISINDAY SSN - sdlys “py

sjUBWIpas WOJJOq = JO 4jNS /UDWO *¢
AydpsBounaco = jo ying fuDWO *Z
AydpsBounas0 = pag udiqoiy *|

“(98L-YL) $2194 Z

‘*s614 [| Buypnjour ““dgz 9961 Atonupr ‘Was
NVI€Vav NYSHIYON J3H1 4O SLN3SWIGSS

291jJO 214dosBoun9s9Q [DAD “Ss *

“9ZI-YL Ut peysiiqnd 210 Dyoq “OZL-UL U! peysi|qnd ein ojog

Ee SS Ns he ; ‘i i

‘