DS 485 B34G96
ifornia Dnal
THE LIBRARY
OF
THE UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA
LOS ANGELES
SELECTIONS PROM THE HISTORICAL RECORDS
OF THE
HEREDITARY MINISTER OF BARODA
SELECTIONS
FROM THE
HISTORICAL RECORDS
OF THE
HEREDITARY MINISTER OF BARODA
CONSISTING OF
LETTERS FROM BOMBAY, BARODA, POONA AND SATARA GOVERNMENTS
COLLECTED BY
RAI BAHADUR B. A. GTJPTE, F.Z.S., M.R.S.A.
MEMBER, INDIAN HISTORICAL RECORDS COMMISSION, ETC., LECTURER ON ANCIENT INDIAN HISTORY, AND ETHNOLOGY, CALCUTTA UNIVERSITY
PUBLISHED BY THE
UNIVERSITY OF CALCUTTA 1922
PRINTED BT ATULCHANDRA BHATTACHARYYA AT THE CALCUTTA UNIVERSITY PRESS, SENATE HOUSE, CALCUTTA
INTRODUCTION
I obtained these 54 original Marathi documents from the hereditary Ministers' family at Baroda. Of these 9 throw a sidelight on the transactions of the Hon'ble East India Company's Officers, 18 of them offer glimpses of the Baroda administration, 6 bespeak of the Poona politics in the last stage of the Maratha Empire, 13 of them are connected with the working of the almost nominal sway of the Raja of Satara, and 8 are chronicles of the times recorded by contemporary Hindi historians in the service of the Divan family. The last group, contained a few instances of local miracles and supernatural events. I have omitted them. They are also tainted with evident personal eulogies. The remaining 46 present official transactions and are but the records of actual facts specially important.
I have added annotations containing references *o the events recorded in these documents. They show con- temporary opinions published by other historians of the Marathas.
The reliable nature of the promises and assurances of the British Officers, the questionable practices of Nana Phadnavis and his colleagues at Poona, the waning influence of the real Raja of Satara, the efforts of British historians in obtaining historical chronicles from the daftars of eminent families through enlightened men like Gangadlrir Shastri, and the real source of Grant Duff's monumental History of the Marathas, are all in evidence in these pages.
1 670722
vi INTRODUCTION
It is hoped that these researches in the historical branch of the Council of Post- Graduate Studies of the Calcutta University will prove of some use to future students and historians.
B. A. GUPTE
CONTENTS
PAGE.
1. Document, chronicle ... ... ... 1
2. Pattesing Maharaja's letter ... ... 19
3. Satara Maharaja's letter ... ... 19
4. Peshva's letter ... ... ... 20
5. Chhatrapati's letter ... ... ... 22
6. ,, khalifa ... ... ... 24
7. Budget statement ... ... ... 25
8. Dowager Maharani's order ... ... 26
9. Peshva's letter ... ... ... 27
10. Peshva's order ... ... ... 27
11. Raja Shahu Chhatrapati's letter ... ... 28
12. „ „ „ ... ... 28
13. Peshva's letter ... ... ... 29
14. „ „ ... ... ... 29
15. Chhatrapati's order ... ... ... 31
16. „ „ ... ... ... 32
17. Balaji Narayan Kanhere's letter ... ... 33
18. Govindrav Moreshwar's letter ... ... 33
19. Chhatrapati Rajaram's Sanad ... ... 34
20. Jonathan Duncan's letter ... ... 35
21. Anandrav Gaikvad's letter ... ... 35
22. Ravji Appaji's letter ... 36
23. Minister Bhaskar Rav Vithal's chronicle ... 38
24. Anandrav Gaikvad's letter ... ... 43
25. „ „ „ ... ... 44
26. „ „ „ ... • ... 45
27. 45
viii CONTENTS
PAGE.
28. A memo. ... ... ... ... 46
29. A memorandum ... ... ... 49
30. Major Walker's letter ... ... ... 50
31. „ „ ... ... ... 60
32. „ „ ... ... ... 51
33. „ „ ... ... ... 53
34. Anandrav Gaikvad's letter ... ... 54
35. „ „ „ ... ... 55
36. Col. Alexander Walker's letter ... ... 56
37. Article 10 of Agreement with Major Walker ... 57
38. Col. Walker's letter ... ... ... 58
39. „ „ ,, ... ... ... 59
40. Anandrav Gaikvad's letter ... ... 60
41. Fattesing Gaikvad's memo, of questions ... 61
42. Mr. Elplrinstone's letter ... ... 62
43. A chronicle ... ... ... 63
44. Gangadhar Shastri's letter ... ... 65
45. A letter addressed to Major Walker ... 67
46. A memo. ... ... ... ... 67
47. Anandrav Gaikvad's letter ... ... 69
48. Sayajirao Gaikvad's letter ... ... 70
49. Notes on the Baroda Minister's family ... 71
50. Chronicle ... ... ... ... 73
51. Do. ... ... ... ... 74
52. Do. ... ... ... ... 75
53. Ravji Appaji's letter ... ... ... 83
54. A chronicle ... ... ... 85
Appendix ... ... ... 103
Index and Glossary ... Ill
LIST OE ILLUSTRATIONS
1. Auranjeb.
2. Babaji Appaji, Minister of Baroda.
3. Bajirav II, the last of the Peshvas. 4f. Bapu Gokhale.
5. Chhatrapati Shivaji.
6. Eattesing Gaikvad Sena Khaskel Samsher Bahadar.
7. General Sakharam Hari Gupte.
8. Hari Pant Eadake.
9. Madhaji Scinde.
10. Minister Ravji Appaji's Marble Cenotaph.
11. Nana Fadanavis.
12. Raghunath Rav Peshva (Raghoba Dada).
13. Ravji Appaji, Minister of Baroda.
14. Sahu Chhatrapati (Shivaji II).
15. Sena Khaskel Samsher Bahadar Ganpatrao Gaikwad
of Baroda.
16. Srimant Narayan Rav Peshva.
17. Shri. Savai Madhav Rav Peshva.
DOCUMENTS
FROM THE HEREDITARY MINISTERS' FAMILY AT B A ROD A
DOCUMENT No. 1.
(After compliments.) In the service of the Chhatra- pati, one Prayag Anant Eanase, was a very intelligent, capable, eloquent, brave and good penman at the head of the Mavali and Kokani soldiers. He was appointed Subhedar of Fort Satara and Port Parli (Shake, 1571). After the death of the Maharaja (King Shivaji), Aurangzeb went (to the Deccan) for invading Bijapur. At that time he went to Satara, and digging mines under the bastion, known as Manglai Buruj he filled it up with large leather jars (Budholin) with powder and blew it up. It rose high and fell down. Many people were crushed to death under it. The Emperor's battery began to work. A severe battle followed. Many were killed and many others wounded. Subhedar Prayagji fell down. He was buried under the debris. After night- fall, when the firing ceased, Karkuns and soldiers went to find out who were wounded and who had died. They discovered one end of the scarf Prayagji wore. On removing part of the debris, they heard Prayagji say that he was alive, and suggested that care bo taken in
2 HISTORICAL DOCUMENTS
removing heavy stones. When the slabs were removed, it was found that he was not (seriously) hurt. He was thereupon taken to the Maharaja. Rajaram Maharaja granted land at Chinchner and Degaum. It is still in the possession of the family. He (Prayagji) had two wives. The elder one gave birth to a son. He was named Joti Prayag, alias Appaji. He (Appaji) had four sons. The elder was Gangadhar "Appaji. He died without issue. The second was Chimnaji Appaji whose elder son was Sitaram and younger Sakharam. The third was Bhaskar alias (Appaji), whose son Avas the cele- brated Ravji Appaji. The fourth was Rakhmaji Appaji alias Babaji Appaji. All these were the sons of the first wife. Their descendants will be mentioned in due course. The second wife (of Prayagji) gave birth to four sons. The eldest was Baburav Prayag. The second Narayan Prayag, the third Malhar Prayag, and the fourth Madhavrav Prayag. Thus they were four. Such was the extent of his family by the two wives. While Appaji was carrying on the duties of the Subhedarship of Fort Satara, Chimnaji Appaji came to age. Kharsikar and Vangikar were employed as Shiledars with their own horses. They were both brave and had taken part in many an expedition. At that time (Shake, 1689; Samvat, 1824) Damaji Gaikwad died at Pattan. Eatte- sing Rav had gone to a neighbouring village. He returned as soon as he heard of the demise, and performed obsequies. Govind Rav (Gaikwad) was in his province. He heard of it. He asked Government (Sarkar) to confer on him the Khillat (of the post) while the eldest member of the family Sayaji Rav Gaikwad had prior claim. He was asked how he could expect it. After receiving this reply, he (Sayaji Rav; paid twenty-one lakhs of rupees as nazar anil obtained
HISTORICAL DOCUMENTS 3
the Khillat. When Fattesing Rav heard this, he deputed to Poona Balaji Yamaji to discuss his claim. He arranged for the proper administration of the province of Gujerat, and went personally to Poona In the mean- time Govindrav paid the nazar and distributed the mamlats among his own people. He paid rupees twenty lakhs out of the promised sum. The officers he had selected, received their sanads and went to Gujerat. (But) Fattesing had already arranged for the proper administration of that province. The new officers arrived. They were not allowed to take charge. The treasury stored by Damaji in the vestibule was removed by Govindrav with the help of an army of 10,000 strong. When Fattesing opened negotiations about the appoint- ment, he was told that as it had been already conferred (on another) it was not advisable to re-open the question. After many import unities Fattesing Rav was told, (with the object of keeping him contented) that one of the two, should carry on military duties, and the other should carry on the civil duties of the post. Such (he was told) should be the procedure introduced. On this, Damaji applied the kunkum (red powder) to the forehead of Gobindrav's mother. Damajis marriage was post- poned owing to some dispute. He married another (meanwhile ?). When Damaji's proposal was accepted, he was again married to that woman (?) The firstborn was Fattesing Rav. Govindrav was born after him. So each wife had her own son. In this manner, although Govindrav was younger, as his mother had received the honour of the red powder in the first instance, he claimed seniority, because his mother was the senior wife. He, therefore, got the khillat. He coveted the province. But he accepted the service, because he was afraid of losing his seniority. Fattesing
4, HISTORICAL DOCUMENTS
Kfiv accepted civil duties. Govindrav made arrangements for the expenses of the army, obtained permission of the Peshva and went to Baroda. It was settled that he should serve with 3,000 strong. Govindrav gave in writing to that effect. He was present with the Peshva during the Nijagal(?) and Beder expeditions." The officers he had sent to Gujerat could not receive charge from Fattesing Rav's Thanedars. There was a battle. In this battle Chimnaji Appaji, Anna Bhau and Vangikar were the officers employed under Kharsikar. In the action near Songad, he himself, Chimnaji Appaji and some of Vangikar's soldiers were killed. After this, Govindrav complained, through Mahadji Sinde, Maloji Ghorpade and Tambekar Naik, that by granting civil powers to Fattesing he was made to suffer. He, therefore, should have the entire control. He was told in reply by Bavsaheb Peshva, that there shall be no change in what the Sarkar had done. If he repeated the request, it would not be tolerated, and added,
" If you say that you have suffered loss, you should re-open the subject with my consent. You did not listen to this, extravagantly spent money, and created disturbance. The distribution of work was settled with your mutual consent. You and your brother should co-operate and serve the Sar&ar without any friction. Instead of that you bring disputes to the Sarkar. What is this ? "
There was then no help. Patil Bava (Mahadji Siudia)* started for Hindustan (N. India). Govindrav showed willingness to accompany him, Patil Bava said,
"You are in possession of Davadi and Nimbgav, and if you remain with me I shall grant villages yielding twenty to twenty-five thousand a year, as revenue." In reply (Govindrav) said " You have secured- for me the Khillat and the (ferdSrsfap) by recommending me to the Sar&ar. I accept them."
HISTORICAL DOCUMENTS 5
" In this speech I have lost all hope of the position; Govind or said, In my accompanying you and accepting your kind offer, I realize the influence of my Fate. It is better to die or to turn an ascetic. One has to do this or that, but you say that I should accept your offer." Patil Bava replied, " Have I spared myself in speaking about you ? I spoke strongly in the prescribed manner. But what can I do, when the Sarkar commands thus r After I know your wishes, I shall (again) speak in accordance with them and in a way acceptable to (the Sarkar)" He (Govindrav) said, " On your way to Hindustan pray take a turn and go through Gujerat for my sake. And establish my control. If so, I shall accompany you." Then he (Sindia) replied, " There is no objection to go with you. But Fattesing Rav is in power ; because he is the elder, he has obeyed Sorkar's orders, and you have accepted military service. He, instead of persisting in claiming the position of the elder, accepted the decision and obeyed orders. He is in possession of the whole estate. You are unable to do anything and therefore you say all this. You ought to have thought of this course before. That you did not do. "What is the use of speaking now 'r 1 did not desist from working for you. And, therefore, I suggested a way to reconciliation. If you do not like it, what is the remedy ?" After he said so, Govindrav replied, " What I did, was under instructions from you. In future also I shall follow your advice. Whatever you do, pray remember that I am your man. That is my prayer." When he said so, he was told, " You wish me to pass through Gujerat ! Very . well. The Sarkar should pass such an order. I shall ask the Sarkar and act accordingly."
Sliriuwnf (The Peshva) gave (Mahadji) permission to go to Hindusthan. When begging leave he asked for
6 HISTORICAL DOCUMENTS
permission to go through Gujerat and to pass through the Broach District via Payagad and Malva. " On my way I shall settle my dispute with Eattesing Rav Gaikvad about the Vaghod District. Govind Rav Gaikvad says that he would accompany me. I shall consult him on the subject and obey (your) orders." He was thereupon commanded to settle his own nia/ial (tract). Vaghod District had been handed over to him (Fattesing) on behalf of the Sarkar. Such was the order. Patil Bava then asked Govindrav to accompany him. Govindrav spoke of what thus happened (to Khando Avji) and added that he had to prepare himself to go. "Think of this," he (Khando Avji) said, "As you have to go to a very distant place, keep a suitable retinue. It should be in proportion to your reputation. You have already told him (Mahadji) that you will arrange for funds. What is to be done now ?" He (Govindrav) said, " I shall take Patil Bava to Gujerat. With his help I wish to establish my power. If I incur debts, I shall repay them. Do I wish to avoid repayment of anybody's dues ? You can arrange this. Then why ask me ?" After this, Khandoba sent for Ravji Appaji and spoke to him (about the matter). He said (Govindrav) wishes to go. He has a powerful ally. It is not nice to advise him (Govindrav) to ask him (Sindia) to advance the sum. If any financial difficulty arises on the way, the result will depend on what he pays. On reaching Gujerat, we reach our own mahals (tracts). We can borrow a few rupees, but this is a wretched state and, therefore, I cannot make up my mind to start. Arrange the matter as you conveniently can. I shall settle the payment through you — either here (at Poona) or there (in Gujerat). But this (business) must be accomplished." On this Ravba (Ravji Appaji) told some merchants that
HISTORICAL DOCUMENTS 7
Govindrav (Gaikwad) was going with Sindia (Mahadji). " Your business is to supply clothes and accoutrements. See if you can do this" (in this case). When he said so, the dealers immediately supplied it (all). When they asked for payment, they were told, " It would be done, when the usual amount is received from the Sarkar" Khandoba suggested that " After everything is ready, your work would be done through Balaji." On his saying so, the Naik promised to advance fifty thousand rupees.
When he (Khandoba) was asked for payment, he replied, " He (Govindrav) was going with Patil Bava through Gujerat, where he would establish his power. The Sarkar has decided that they should pass through Malva (as well). When they go there, we shall pay you." The Naik had already heard of the Patil Bava's depar- ture (such respectable people would not tell lies). He, therefore, promised to advance the sum, "but," he added, " Ravba should admit his responsibility. Then I shall pay." Patil Bava, therefore, took Ravba to him (Naik) and related what Patil Bava spoke to the Shrimant. He (Naik) said, ' If you stand security, I shall advance the amount." Ravba told (him) aside, " I have my say. They are Sardars, I am poor. What is the value of my credit in between ? You turn towards me (as trustworthy). How can I tell you to put obstacles, in their work ? You •are influential. You are (Naik) related to Sarkar. I cannot realize that your money will not be paid. After this (explanation) do as you please." Bhide (Naik) said, " I am not going to catch you (by the throat) Say — ' Yes ' — in their presence." After they (Ravji and Bhide) spoke in the presence of both (Patil Bava and Govindrav) and Ravba stood security. He then took a promissory note, but added that he did not quite rely on the docu- ment alone. " I shall have to recover the ampunt from
8 HISTORICAL DOCUMENTS
you. It' you agree I shall pay, if not, I shall not.'' Ravba thereupon looked at (the face of ) Khandoba. He (Khandoba) said, " Why are you afraid ? Say — yes ! When we have a master like Patil Bava, what is the value of this sum (against that) ? " At this time he (Ravba) said, "Yes, — Pay." The Naik then caused the amount to be paid. In this manner he (Ravba) influ- enced many merchants and dealers, and secured millions of rupees. Ravba used to go to Govindrav and speak to him on other subjects, but to monetary transactions Khandoba when alone refused to refer in his conversation. Ravba never spoke of it himself. After making these arrangements, it was decided, at the time of starting (on the expedition), that a karkun be engaged on behalf of the creditor. Govindrav (himself ) suggested, " As Ravba stands security, let him go with me. I shall then repay through him." It met with Bhide's approval. (Govin- drav) said " This (arrangement) will facilitate the settle- ment of my transactions and save your credit." Ravba replied, " Have I no elders at home ? If I go with you, who is to pay my expenses and to support the family ? I have been working here with the Darbar. If I go out and return after ;x long interval, I shall have to begin life again. What is the advantage ? Take a Karkun. It will be all right." On this, Babasaheb (Gaikwad) and the Naik (money-lender) decided that Ravba should himself go. They said, " We shall take care of you as suggested in your remark." When both of them pressed the point, Ravba had no alternative. At this time all creditors who had supplied articles also suggested that, if Ravba Avere to go, he would carefully arrange for the repayment. " We feel confident on this," Ravba replied, " you all wish me to go. It is all very well, but all pay- ments are to be made through Khandoba. If the
HISTORICAL DOCUMENTS 9
amounts are not paid, you will accuse me of mis- appropriation. I do not aspire to such a reputation." They said, " You take interest in our business and, there- fore, you will by all means recover the amount. If it is not realized, it would be our misfortune. We shall not blame you." In this manner all the creditors settled the deputation of Rayba. Govindrav repeated the offer. Khandoba also said the same thing. Ravba, therefore prepared to go. Ravba thereupon took Gopalrav Bhide Naik to Nana (Fadnavis) who said, " I have had transac- tions \vith the Sarkar. Kindly permit Ravba to go with him for a few days to facilitate repayment." Nana said, " If he is useful to you, I shall look after his duties here." Ravba bowed and said, "I spoke to the Naik in several ways but he insists on my going. I then told him, — I cannot go without Nana's permission. He has, therefore, brought me here to obtain that permission. When you order me to go I have no alternative. I am going, until this work is done in a few days. All this reflects the lustre of your self. If I am able to retain my fidelity, I shall be able to accomplish this work. Should I keep you informed of it ?" He (Nana) said, " No." Ravba thus accompanied Govindrav. He had access to Patil Bava and to all others (officers). Every- body liked him.
• At this stage, it was found very difficult to go via Nasik and through the Bassein District. When Fatte-
^ . - •
sing learnt that Patil Bava was going through Songad and Dharampur with Govindrav (Gaikwad) he collected all rajas, raises, metats, dacoits, Bhils, Kolis, Ranas, Thakurdas, gave them assurances (?), gave them enter- 'tainments, dresses, and told them in a respectful manner to defeat the enemy (Govindrav) so as to prevent their reaching Baroda. " There lies " (he added) " tlje test of 2
10 HISTORICAL DOCUMENTS
your valonr. This will be the recompense for the protec- tion we gave you. If not" (he added firmly) "I will take back from you every lane and alley. Be sure." When he said so people, who were naturally eager to do mischief were rather glad. It was a dangerous thing to travel alone. Horses laden with stores were likely to be lost. Unwary horsemen were likely to lose their ponies. Pedestrians lost their clothes. They were tied to trees. Whenever people halted (for rest) they lost their horses and belongings. Such was the trouble created. Sindia (Mahadji) was obliged to keep in all directions spies, guards, piquets and vanguards even two hours before sunset. He felt that he would not have suffered in this manner if he had not taken Govindrav with him " God's will be done" (he exclaimed). In this manner he any- how crossed the Narbada with great difficulty. Under fear of danger to life in going to Baroda, they left Cambay to the left and Petlavad to the right, and went to Payagad via Dakur. During these troubles Ravba was consulted and he tendered valuable advice. His lucky stars removed all obstacles. There was no one who could stand security for payments required in the army. Hundreds of men and animals had to be fed. Three or four times did Ravba remind Govindrav and Khandoba that they said (at Poona) that there would be no want of money as soon as they reached their territory (and added) " Make some arrangement for the repayment of the previous debt." Khandopant replied, " Ravba, you see all that happens. We are not speaking with you with reserve. What is the remedy to the question you raise ? If there were any neglect (on our part) in obtaining funds your remark would have been appropriate." Ravba replied, " They will ask me when they demand repay- ment, I have to keep them (creditors) informed. You
HISTORICAL DOCUMENTS 11
will also blame me for writing (to them) without your consent. Or they will accuse me of co-operation through corrupt motives. I am helpless as I have to obey both sides. I am therefore obliged to fit up matters in a suitable manner." On this Govindrav said, " Ravba, Khandoba told me the purport of your conversation. I see and hear myself (all that is happening). If we go to Gujerat to take possession of the mahah from him (Fattesing) we are not sure whether we shall reach our destination or (nobody knows) what may happen. If we declare open war with him, he has formed a treaty with the Sarkar. We have no permission to interfere with it (the treaty). If I were to threaten them (local officers), we have diverted our route through his fear. How can therefore we speak to them (the officers). Tell me. We ought not to have left Poona. But you have brought us out by helping the preparation. I shall not forget .your obligations. Your brother laid his life for me in' the battle of Songad. 1 know it. I am indebted to you in every way. May Hari (God) bring the day on which I shall be able to repay (these obligations). You alone can help to bring it about. Nobody else can do it. Do not be anxious about the repayment (of the debt). I will get the whole thing done through you. Be assured." He said so. When Sindia came to Payagad qn his way to Hindustan, somebody told Patil Bava " all Kolis, Mewats, Thakurs and Princes have been com- manded by Fattesing to annoy Patil Bava. Do not allow him to pass safely. Our own Mevats and Kolis are there- fore no longer ours. They will come in our way. The Gaikwad (Fattesing) is the master of the place. They will not disobey him. They will sacrifice their lives, in doing their duty. Such is the state (here). We should therefore start (from here) after making some arrangement
12 HISTORICAL DOCUMENTS
about this state of things." On enquiry, it was found to be too true. Being thus sure that his army will not be able to pass safely through this route, he (Patil Bava) sent for the Thakur of Baria and told him " We have to start (now). Make arrangements on our way and help us to go to Ujjain." He replied, " You are my master. I take up the responsibility of safe conduct through my tract. What can I say about further progress ?" His territory extended over 20 to 25 miles. He conducted the army safely. To prevent trouble with the Kolis, he distributed dresses and other presents among them and told them (Sindia and Gaikwad) to do the same as far as Kushalgad. They agreed. On reaching Dabod, the Thakur of Kushalgad was sent for and offering many assurances he was asked to conduct the army to Ujjain. He (the Thakur) said that the Raja was living in the fort and that he would go and give him this message. (He added) " After his visit we shall obey your orders and serve you." They then went to Kushalgad. On nearing Ujjain, Eavba said to Govindrav and Khando- pant, "It is now three or four months since I left (Poona). Pray give me permission to go back. I am going. You settle the payment of the debt in the best way you like. In Poona they will give me no rest. Kindly remember this and then do what you like." Khandopant replied, "You see and know everything here. What am I to add? You propose going back. I will consult the Maharaja and let you know." The Maharaja was there. He (turned to him) and asked him (what to do). The Maharaja (Gaikwad) said " Ravba ! I brought you because I trust you. Patil Bava could not help and therefore he was obliged to abandon the original route. Although you know this, you express your desire to go back. But stay for a few days and (let us see) if we can feel our way (out of this difficulty). Otherwise (it seems) our end
HISTORICAL DOCUMENTS 13
has approached. After getting out of this affair, that will be the real way which God Shri Hari will find out (for us). Ravba, you say you are going back. Does it become you (to say so) ? " He then passed his hand round Itavba's neck and added, "My own brother has made me go from door to door. You must have (in previous birth) been heavily indebted to me ( * * ). I have
no confidence in anybody else. You have already accom- plished a task which Khandoba could not. You have saved my credit. Khandoba gave me timely information (it is true). Still I am much indebted to you. May God relieve me out of this debt ( * * ) for which I am so much obliged to you. 1 am conscious of it." At this speech (Ravba) was obliged to change his mind and to stay with him (Govindrav). Where Khandoba could not help, Ravba accomplished his work. All men (in the camp) were inclined to listen to and act up to his advice. They were about to proceed to Gwalior, but the news of the death of Peshva Ravsaheb Madhavrav Ballal reached the camp. (He expired on San sattas Arbainal, Kartik.} Ramabai saheb went a Sati (burnt herself on his pyre). Everybody was sorry. His senior (elder) was Raghoba Dada and his heir was Narayanrav Ballal. He was taken to Satara. He took his khillat in Shake 1695. He con- ducted the duties for nine months.
On the day which was the combined 13th and 14th of the first half of Bhadrapad (Arba) Sumersing Garrti con- spired with Dadasaheb, accepted the offer of money, and received from him a written order. In the Wada situated in the Shanwar Peth, while they both (uncle and nephew) were living under the same roof (Sumersing) forced his way into it and killed Narayan Rav saheb. Subsequently Dadasaheb invaded the country of the Nizam with the army. Ihis was the information received l>y fatil Bava.
14 HISTORICAL DOCUMENTS
After this it was settled through Krishna Rav Ballal that Skjahagir of twenty lakhs (a year) be accepted from the Mongals, and Nawab Rukam Daula and Nizam-ul-Mulk went to see Dadasaheb. After some friendly negotiation the jahagir so accepted was returned. On hearing this Nana (Fadnis) informed Patil Bava that Narayan Rav Peshwa's wife Gangabai was in the family way. Dadasaheb will treacherously do her harm. " I am taking her to Fort Purandar. Because people will say that we brought some outsider (child) and declare it as Narayan Rav's. There should therefore be some witness at the accouche- ment. She should be an elderly (woman). That is why she is carried there (to Purandar). Come back imme- diately with your army." Such was the letter. Patil Bava therefore turned back. In the Desh, Shahaji Bhosle of Akalkot had raised a revolt. Dadasaheb thereat deputed Trimbakrav mama. The Nagpur Bhosle was mixed up (in the revolt). Nana induced him to be friendly. When the news of the birth of Narayan Rav's son was received, the Mongal, and the Mama, joined together and conspired against Dadasaheb with the consent of Sakharam Pant Bapu, Moroba Dada, Babuji Naik, and Krishnarav Ballal. When Dadasaheb learnt this, he directed his steps (to Poona), and attacked Mama and the Mongals. Mama was defeated. Dadasaheb captured him. The soldiers turned their backs. At this juncture Hari Pant Tatia. showed great rectitude, called all sardars, gave them assurances, mobilized them again, saw the Nawab at Shahajira, gave him encouragement, and secured diplo- macy.
Madhavrav Narayan was born on Monday the 7th1 of the first half of Vaishakh Shake 3696 (Jaya Stamvatsar).
1 It wis on the 18th of April, 1774 (Grant Daff Vol. II, p. 264).
HISTORICAL DOCUMENTS 15
People were delighted. They distributed sugar. Rejoic- ings were held in every house All sansthaniks, sardars, and foreign rulers and their Amirs learnt of it. They were delighted. Dadasaheb was taken to Purandar. He met Hari Pant Tatia and the Nawab. When they joined him he crossed the Narbada. To reconcile Dada- saheb, Sakharam Bapu and Nana followed him up to Verul. Dadasaheb grew suspicious, and turned towards Gujerat. On his way (his wife) Anandi Bai gave birth to a son at Dhar. Bajirav II was born with his face down (towards the earth).1 He stayed there for a few days and desired to go to Surat through Gujerat. Patil Bava went to Poona according to Nana's letter. Dadasaheb was accompanied by an army and some Jttankaris. He sent for Govind Khanderav Chitnis (of Satara) and asked him whether he had friendly relations with Nana. Govindrav Chitnis replied, " The Maharaja (of Satara) would not destroy what he himself had done." " If that is the case " (said Dadasaheb) *' how am I to induce the Huzur Mankaris and Scrddrs to join me ? " He replied, " I and all the servants of the Maharaja will never disobey his orders. They can be called together only on receiving letters from the Huzur. They will come at the sight of his letters. Ihere is no doubt about that."
At this suggestion, it was settled that such letters .should be written. Letters with proper titles recognized by the Maharaja, were addressed (as if written by his command) and Sadashiv Rav Lax man Chitnis was deputed (to Satara) to get them attested. He went to Satara, got the letters, completed (signed) by Shrhnant Rajaram Saheb Maharaja and handed them, over to the head of the messengers (Jasuds). They were despatched under
1 This is a bad omen.
16 HISTORICAL DOCUMENTS
the stringent orders of Nana. They went as far as Dhar, handed the letters over to the Samsthaniks, — officers of the Cavalry and Infantry. Those who got the letters, quietly started with their followers without consulting anybody else. In this manner all the people who were with Dadasaheb returned (to Poona). With him there remained his personal staff, bodyguards, two or three companies of State Cavalry, two or three thousand soldiers of the infantry and Sakharam Hari (Gupte) the head of the Karkuns of the t{ vegetable " Department. Subsequently he rose after the death of Narayan Eav. He was (for- merly) the manager of Anandi Bai. He was the Bakshi (a General in the Army). All left (Dhar). He was a favourite of (Dadasaheb) because he was doubly connected as an officer (of two Departments). He was a brave man (Talvar Bahaddar}. He proved his valour in two or three expeditions. A. soldier and a penman combined and a great administrator in addition. Dadasaheb wished to form an alliance with the British and to be the sole ruler (at Poona). At this juncture, the main army deserted him. He remained alone with four or five thousand soldiers. He (Dadasaheb) intended going to Cape Comorin at the head of the army he expected from Surat. On the other hand, while Patil Bava was going to Desh, Khando Avji of Tambegav was taken very ill. It was a rapid march. He (Khando) suffered much. When he found that his case was hopeless he said to Govindrav (Gaikwad), " I pulled on during the last ten or twelve years on the strength of Ravji's fidelity. Wherever there was any difficulty, I told him that he alone could get out of it, and did work at the risk of his life. His elder brother Chimnaji Appaji sacrificed his life at the battle of Songad. I have therefore promised to him that I will arrange for hereditary grants to him. He has similarly worked
HISTORICAL DOCUMENTS 17
loyally with you, preserving amiable relation with the Darakdars and with the ladies in your household. They always trusted him. He must be kept above want. He was given two or three important duties. They paid him for his expenses. The usual nazar and Darbar- charges were recovered from him. He is acquainted and is friendly with everybody. Everybody wants Ravba. He would do no harm to anybody. He was therefore a great favourite. You asked him to undertake all preparations for the expedition. Although you had no cash, he ob- tained it from Bhide. He also got materials (on credit) from the Boharas. cloth merchants, Gosavis, and Jingars, all worth lakhs of Rupees. The limit (of repayment) has expired. He accompanied you. What shall I tell him if he asks me (about provision for himself) ? When you gave orders, he never uttered a word (in hesitation). It is not possible to get such a man even after a great search. But there was a lucky coincidence like the proverb, " God sent water at the time of sacred ablutions." Thus were preparations for the expedition accomplished. I am dying. Had I lived, it was my intention to go to Gujerat and salute you seated on the masnad. But God does not like it. What to do ? Cannot survive. If Ravba gets into difficulties, do as you like and do not allow any troubles to overtake him. If he remains free (to act) he will save you in a thousand ways, and save himself (too). Nana (Fadnis), Haripant, Sakharam Bapu, Moroba Dada Panse, Khasgivale, and Ram Shastri are all friendly with him. I alone know how I induced him to accompany you. You also know it partly. Therefore if you take him as your right hand man, your Sardarship will be thoroughly organised by all means. No other man can do that. Be assured of this." Such is the way in which he spoke to Govindrav. He then became unconscious. He could not speak; Finding 3
18 HISTORICAL DOCUMENTS
him at the point of death, Govindrav left his bed-side. He was very sorry. He knew that he had to establish his Sardarship by alternate fasting and food-taking. He was sure of the confidence Ravba commanded. When he left Poona, the creditors hoped from day to day, to obtain refunds. But they waited in vain. On his reaching destination, they made a row. They surrounded Khandoba. For two or three days they remained round him. There was no payment. They therefore thought of surrounding Govindrav's tent. Khandoba got an inkling. He placed guards and piquets round the tent, and quietly arranged that no one was allowed to go inside (the tent). Some people rose to enter the tent. They were stopped. Khandoba said, " I am present on the spot. I do not refuse to repay. You will be paid in full. Why do you go to the Chief ? If you disrespect him in this manner you will get nothing. If you remain quiet, you will be the gainers." He said so. At this moment Ravba arrived. When he saw that Khando Avji was surrounded (by creditors and their agents) he walked towards Govind- rav's tent. There also he saw a crowd. Then
(This document seems to have been written by a close associate and left unfinished through death or otherwise.)
HISTORICAL DOCUMENTS 19
DOCUMENT No. 2.
To
Akhandit Laxmi Alankrit Raj many a Rajashri Antaji Prayag Namjad, Khalsa, Taluka, Kudal Medhe, District Parali.
After compliments. From Fattesing Bhosle.
Dated Suru san Asharir maya va allaf.
Kalambe, Taluka Parali, is a town, an inam granted to Prayagji Anant Subhedar of Eort Satara. Its annual Khalsa revenue amounts to Us. 240. Of these Us. 100 have been fixed as State revenue. Recover annually this sum of Rs. 100. The balance of Rs. 140 should be written off in the name of the said person. Do not demand the production of the sanad from year to year. Recover only the State Revenue according to agreement. The rest of the amount should be written off. Know this, 10th Moon of the Jilkad month.
(Seal.)
DOCUMENT No. 3.
(Seal.)
Ordered (addressed to) Rajashri Pant Pradhan in charge of town Kalambe, Taluka Parali on Suma, Saba Shitani va allaf.
Rajashri Joti Anant is being paid (in the place of Sardesh-mukhl) the sum of Rs. 30 a year for the worship
20 HISTORICAL DOCUMENTS
of Shri Yavateshvar of the said town. This is sanctioned. Therefore you should annually pay this sum. If last year's balance is still due, that also should be paid. Know this. 28th Moon (of the month of) Safar. True order. ...
(Seal.)
DOCUMENT No. 4.
(Seal.)
To
Rajashri Gangadhar Joti and Sitaram Chimnaji Yabin Joti Anant and Bhaskar Joti and Chimnaji Joti.
Erom
Madhavrav Narayan Pradhan (written on) Asiyasar Suma Araba Tisain, maya va allaf, Shake 1716, Samvatsar named Anand.
You came to Poona to Huzur (to me) and prayed that your grandfather Prayag Anant received from Shrimant late Shahu Maharaja Chhatrapati, the village of Kalambe of the Wai District, as an inam (freehold) including all sources of revenue of all legal rites and granted Royal sanads. These sanads were in your house but were burnt. Therefore you got fresh sanads from Shrimant Tarabai Saheb and Rajaram Maharaja Chhatrapati Sivami. But the District cess, and the five acres of land from Parashuram Pandit Pratinidhi have been granted (as inam) to Antaji Vasudev. And the Khalsa and Sardesh-mukhi cess are being credited
HISTORICAL DOCUMENTS 21
to the state. You are in the enjoyment of merely the mokasa cess. All the descendants of your great grandfather Prayagji Anant are not alive this day. To the survivors, (you beg) I should grant the zilla cess and the said land from the Pratinidhi. The annual revenue (of this land) amounts to Us. 350. He may be granted in exchange land of equal value, and the zilla cess and land revenue may be granted inam to you and fresh orders be issued for your enjoyment thereof. In consideration of this • request, and finding that the entire village of Kalambe of Taluka Parali District Wai has been registered in the inam grants of the state. But that you are in enjoyment of only the mokasa cess. The inam grant is not continued.
As you have been loyally serving the state for a long time, it is incumbent (on the state) to make sufficient provision for you, it has been decided as a favour, that excluding the khalsa and Sardeshmnkhi, and state garden, the District cess (be granted to you). The land belong- ing to Rajashri Parashuram Pandit Pratinidhi and given in inam to Anaji Vasudev yields Us. 350 a year. In exchange of Us. 350 out of village Sare, Taluka Haveli District Karad shall be granted to him. The District cess and the land and the one third inam cess are (hereby) granted to you. Including the entire Kidbabs and fCidkanm, present dues, future dues. Moreover you are appointed the rightful Kaluriti inamdar from this year by a new grant from the Sarkar. (You should) therefore consider the District cess and the land as inam unto you and your descendants. Enjoy it as an inam and be happy. Know this. Second Moon of the month of Sravan. Such is the order.
(Seal.)
22 HISTORICAL DOCUMENTS
DOCUMENT No. 5.
(May peace prevail)
Order of freehold (mampatra) granted to Majashri Joti Anant Prabhu by Shri Rajaram Chhatrapati Swami.
You came to the Huzur at Fort Satara near Shahunagar, and said that the Maharaja Swami granted to your grandfather Prayag Anant, the village of Kalambe taluka Parali, promt Satara, including the Swaraj and Monglai, rites, the one-third due of the inam, all taxes and all cesses, the present and future revenue, ownership over the water, grass, wood, stones and other minerals, etc. That he was made the hereditary rightful inamdar and was favoured with the necessary letters. After this your grandfather died and the late Maharaja granted the same village to your father Antaji Prayag with heredi- tary rites. While in the enjoyment of these grants in the said village, you had a house in which all the documents were kept. That house took fire which destroyed all the property, including the said documents. You informed the late Dowager Mother (Tarabai) of this (mishap.) She kindly granted again fresh documents on 29th Moon or Rajab Suru San Salas Khansani. That you have been enjoying those privileges. Your father , Antaji Prayag died and requested that fresh documents be granted and he showed (to the Huzur) the letters granted by the late Queen-Mother. Taking them into consideration and the fact that you are old loyal ' servants ' of the state, it is incumbent to support you. The Swami (king) was therefore graciously pleased to "rant to your grandfather Prayag Anant the sanad of the said village including Mongul and Swaraj (our
HISTORICAL DOCUMENTS 23
Government) dues on either side, including (khalsa) the grant of the one-third cess and local taxes including all customary taxes, balance of dues and future dues, (grant) ownership over the water, the trees, grass, wood, minerals, buried treasures and deposits. Papers (orders) were thus given. While in the enjoyment of the said grant, your grandfather died. After that, the late Maharaja granted similar papers (sanad) to your father Antaji Prayag. While still in the enjoyment of the said grant your hereditary wada (house) was destroyed by fire. In it, all papers and things were reduced to ashes. Among them were the papers (sanads). On that account the Queen-Mother gave you fresh sanads for hereditary enjoyment. You are in enjoyment in accordance therewith. Your father Antaji Prayag (also) died. Hereby the said village is (again) granted to you (on similar terms repeated) as a hereditary inam. You shoul$ therefore enjoy as a hereditary grant the said village of which boundary has been marked.
Compared I agree I agree I agree Summit Mantri Sarkar
(King)
Dated 22nd Jilkad Suma Arba Shitani mayatam va allaf.
HISTORICAL DOCUMENTS
DOCUMENT No. 6.
Order — (addressed to All Officers concerned from)
Rajeshri Pant Pradhan down to the officer in charge, Village Kalambe, Taluka Parali Prant Wai (dated) Suma Saba Maya va allaf. The Khalsa cess of the said village (granted to) Rajeshri Baburav Krishna as sub-grant of the Port of Satara, and (excluding Sardeshmukhi cess) the cash allot- ment assigned to Shri Yavateshwar, and the duty of collecting the revenue of the private garden (of the king) assigned to Rajeshri Navji Shankar Haibatrav. These have been (hereby) resumed and from this year forward they have been assigned to Rajeshri Joti Anant Subhedar, late Governor of the Port of Satara who has been enjoying a hereditary stipend from Satara. This order should therefore be registered and excluding the grant of Rs. 30 a year, the balance of the three items (taken together) should be regularly paid to him as a stipend in exchange. Know this. Dated llth Moon of Safar. Positive order.
' (Seal.)
REGISTERED.
Azam Bhaskar Rav Vithal wrote (for a copy) on the 10th Moon of Savant 1909. Bajaba Bapuji Karkun compared it with the original and it has been attested as a true copy on the 28th of April, 1853 at the Residency of Baroda.
(English signature.)
HISTORICAL DOCUMENTS 25
DOCUMENT No. 7.
(Seal.)
Budget of grants promised in lieu of the salaries of the old (infirm) and deceased Karkuiis of the late King of Satara — dated Snmsan Ihide ashar nwyatain i'a allaf.
Cash payment. Annual grants in Hows. Monthly grant.
1 1400 21 (To) Sitaram Bhaskar.
Snbhedar Gangadhar Joti has become old. He has no son. His brother Bhaskar Joti is dead, therefore his nephew gets a perpe- tual grant of 1800 Hons ; out of this a monthly grant B.S. 21. He is 35 years of age.
1 200 3 (To) Karkun Narayan Si-
taram.
Chimnaji Joti is dead, therefore in his place his grandson to be
• paid out of the per-
petual grant of 200 Hons cash allowance.
Total two persons. Among them the total annual allowance for employing retainers, Rs. 24 per month sanctioned from the beginning according to practice. Know this — 4th Moon Jamadilaval.
(Seal.)
26 HISTORICAL DOCUMENTS
Compared by Bajya Bapuji Karkun.
In order to obtain countersignature on this account Ajam Bhaskar Rav Vithal sent a letter dated 10th Moon of Chaitra Samvat 1909. Thereupon the original in exis- tence was compared with this one and a duly signed true copy is hereby granted on 28th April, 1853, from the Baroda Residency.
( English Officers signature.)
DOCUMENT No. 8.
(Seal.)
Shrimant Maharaj (Dowager) Mother granted an inam- patra (sanad) to Antaji Prayag Prabhu that you came to the Huzur at Satara, prayed that village Kalambe, Taluka Parali Prant Satara, was granted (as inam) to your father Prayagji Anant, that it included the rights enjoyed by the local as well as Moghal administrations
(terms similar to the former document are repeated here).
DOCUMENT No. 9.
To
Rajeshrl Gangadhar Joti and Sitaram Chimnaji bin Joti Anant and Bhaskar Joti and Rakhmaji Joti.
From
Madhavrav Narayan Pradhan (writes on) Asikhad Suma Arba tisain may a va allaf. Shake 1716, of the Anand Samvatsara.
You came to the Huzur at Poona and prayed that your great grand-father Anant, was favoured by the late Shrimant Shahu Maharaja Chhatrapati, with the inani of the village of Kalambe, etc., (repetition of the terms mentioned above) 2nd Moon Saval.
(Seal.)
DOCUMENT No. 10.
By order of the Pant Pradhan.
Written on Suma, saba, sabani, maya, va allaf. The Sardeshmukhi, etc., cess of the village of Kalambe is in the enjoyment of Bhavani Shankar Haibatrav. It should be discontinued and transferred to Joti Anant late Subhedar's account, etc.
llth Moon Safar.
(Seal.)
HISTORICAL DOCUMENTS
DOCUMENT No. 11.
(Chhatrapati
Raja Shahu's
Seal.)
To
Pant Pradhan and all officers concerned with the village of Kalambe (repetition) were in the enjoyment of the late Joti Anant Subhedar. After his death, the said village is hereby granted to his son Gangadhar Joti, etc. (repetition) 21st Moon Moharam.
(Seal.)
DOCUMENT No. 12.
(Chhatrapati
Raja Shahu's
Seal.)
To
Pant Pradhan and all officers concerned.
The village of Kalambe is in the possession and enjoyment of Gangadhar Joti Subhedar. He has become old, it is hereby transferred to Sitaram Bhaskar his nephew (repetitions of the detailed terms.) 4th Moon Rabiulaval.
(Seal.)
HISTORICAL DOCUMENTS 29
DOCUMENT No. 13.
To
A. L. A. R. E. Mahadji Keshav From
Madhavrav Narayan Pradhan
Written on Sunia Saba Sabain mat/a va allaf.
The grant of the sardeshmukhi cess of village Kalambe which has been withdrawn from you and has been granted to the late Subhedar of Satara — Joti Anant, from this year forward as a hereditary stipend — an item out of the Satara budget. In the face of these facts the H-uzur is informed that you do not straightforwardly pay him the amount. You are therefore hereby directed to pay unhesitatingly the said sum in accordance with the Sanad. You need not feel depressed, but there should in future be no complaint about this matter. Know this. 2nd Moon Rabilakhar. True order.
(Seal.)
DOCUMENT No, 14.
To
A. L. A. R. R. Gangadhar Joti. late Subhedar
Fort Satara From
Madhavrav Narayan Pradhan
Dated Suru, son, Khamas Tisain mai/a va allaf.
For your domestic expenses 25,000 bundles of grass have been granted out of village Akle, Taluka Satara in
30 HISTORICAL DOCUMENTS
accordance with the sanad, granted in the name of Krishnaji Anant.
Thus : — bundles about,
10,000 (to be supplied) on the 1st Moon of Saval,
san ihide Tisain 15,000 on the 27th Moon of Jamadilakhar san
arba Tisain
Total 25,000 bundles of grass have been granted to you Therefore a grass-land yielding the said 25,000 bundles has (hereby) been assigned to you (of which) the boun- daries are : —
To the east (lies) the piece of land granted to Krishnaji Jagannath of the Dhavadsi state as Chamharpenda, to the west (lies) the stone near the stream which runs down from the top of the Meruling hill. Below that, lies the fringe of cactus at the corner, below that (lies) the stream, below that (stands to the east of the stream) the diospyros tree (tembi). The jungle so described has (hereby) been granted to you. You should therefore get the grass- land guarded every year and cut the grass. Enquiry was made for two or three years about the yield of the said grass-land through a karkun specially deputed. (It is ascertained) that it amounts to less than 25,000 bundles. If it yields more, you should send it to the Sarkar. Know this. 7th Moon Rajjab (in the presence of the Huzur}. End. Registered.
HISTORICAL DOCUMENTS 31
DOCUMENT No. 15.
Rajaram Narapati Harshanidau Madhavrav Ballal Mukhya Pradhan
To
Pant Pradhan and all officers connected with village Kalambe Tdluka Parali.
Dated Sum san saba Shitain maya va allaf.
In the place of the Desmitkhi cess Rupees thirty are annually being paid to Hajeshri Joti Anant for feeding Brahmans at the temple of Yavateshwar. This (proce- dure) is hereby sanctioned. Therefore you should pay it to Mm from year to year. Last year's balance due should also be paid. Know this. 28th Moon. Order confirmed.
(Seal
Lekhan Sima the end.)
8-> HISTORICAL DOCUMENTS
DOCUMENT No. 16.
liajaram Narapati Harsh-nidan Balajirav Pradhan.
To
S.R.D.V.R.R. Balaji Pandit Pradhan and all officers concerned with Mauje village Kalambe, Taluka Parali.
Dated Suma Sitani may a va allaf.
The said village has been granted in (inam) freehold by Huzur to the late Rajeshri Joti Anant Subhedar of Port Satara, but last year it was resumed from him and granted to Rajeshri Govindrav Moreshwar as a Kamavis grant for collecting revenue, but the Huzur has done the favour as an act of kindness of giving it back to him (subhedar) and this sanad has been granted. You should therefore co-operate with him, and hand over the village and its revenue to him as before. Govindrav Moreshwar should be given the work of collecting Government Revenue. 14th Moharam. In the presence of Huzur
(Seal).
HISTORICAL DOCUMENTS 33
DOCUMENT No. 17.
From
Balaji Narayan Kanhere after compliments.
Appajirav Sttbhedar's annuity as a Gadkctri is in vogue as a hereditary grant, and you (the Peshva) have got an order from Sarkar to continue such hereditary grants. Therefore in this case the grant should be re- covered in the name of Rajashri Gangadhar Joti. Rajashri Babaji will apply about this. I enclose a letter to that effect. Therefore the usual grant with the name, assignment, and order by Government under counter- signature should be granted to him. (Submitted) for information.
DOCUMENT No. 18.
Govindrav Moreshwar Ever intent upon the feet of (God) Gajanan.
To
. Rajas/iire Goviudrav Moreshwar Dixit (under Pant Pradhan) and all officers concerned with village Lalhe iarf Parali.
Dated Sinna Shitain maya vet allaf.
The said village has been in the possession of Raj ash ri Joti Anant late Subhedar of the Fort of Satara, as an inam grant from Huzur. This year it had been attached by Government, but the attachment has been removed
84 HISTORICAL DOCUMENTS
hereby and it has been granted again under former condi- tions. You should therefore co-operate with him, and pay him the revenue without hitch. Know this, llth Moon Mohornni.
(Seal.)
DOCUMENT No. 19.
Shri Rajaram Narapati
the climax of joy Madhavrav Narayan Mukhya Pradhan.
To
The Miihkya Pradhan and all officers concerned with Kalambe, Taluka Parali, prant Wai.
Dated Suru san saba sabain may a va allaf.
The Khalsa cess, the Sardeshmukhi cess, and the pro- ceeds of the Royal garden were resumed from the Killedar and granted to Rajashri Joti Anant late siibhc'lar of Port Satara. Although from the year of the grants from the Satara budget, they were duly conferred on him,, it is reported to Huzur that the proceeds thereof are not being paid to him. It is therefore ordered hereby that the proceeds of the said three cesses should be paid to him without hitch. There must be no more complaint about the matter. Know this. 2nd Moon Rabllakhar. Order confirmed.
(Seal.)
HISTORICAL DOCUMENTS 35
DOCUMENT No. 20.
It is the wish of the Bombay Government, that the Dewanship of the Baroda state should remain always in the family of Ravjee Appajee from generation to genera- tion and that his son, brother, nephew, or relatives always be well taken care of by, and receive assistance in every respect, from the Government. Should His Highness the Gaikawar or anybody else raising false calumny against Ravjee Appajee do him harm while he is conducting his duties with justice, the Company's Government will personally inquire into and decide the matter. Being entrusted with, this day I have signed this paper and sealed it with the seal of the Bombay Government- settled at Khambayat this 8th day of June 1802.
(Sd.) JONATHAN DUNCAN.
. (Seal of the English Government.)
DOCUMENT No. 21.
To
A jam General Jonathan Duncan, Esquire, President Governor nisbat Company Angrez (sic)
From
Anandrav Gaikavad Sena Khaskhel, Samslier Bahadur.
(After compliments.) From the Company Bahadur we received, in our service an army of 2,000 strong with artillery, therefore their salaries shall be paid from the dav of the disbandment of our territorial
36 HISTORICAL DOCUMENTS
force. The total amount thus payable is Rs. 7,8^,000. On this account the villages of Pargaua Nadiyad yielding annually Rs. 50,000 have heen given on lease. The balance of Rs. 7,30,000 shall be paid in cash. On that account the balance available after meet- ing local expenses from Pargana Kadi and Bhavnagar, shall be paid annually. Rajashri Babaji Appaji and A jam Kamaluddin Husain Khan Bahadur stand securities (in this transaction). This agreement shall be fulfilled. Dated 5th Moon Safar Suma Salas Mayatain ca allaf. What more to write ? May our friendship and mutual good will continue.
KAMALUDDIN HUSAIN KHAN BAHADUR. (Seal.) (Seal.)
(Sd.) BABAJI APPAJI, (this document is in the handwriting of Ravji Appaji.)
No. 17.
(the end.)
DOCUMENT No. 22.
To
Shrimant Maharaj S^vami Chhatrapati,
From
Ravji Appaji (after obeisance.)
Dated llth Moon of Moharam.
I am as glad as if I have the good fortune of seeing Your Majesty's feet at the receipt of Your Majesty's
HISTORICAL DOCUMENTS 37
assuring reply to my letter. At present, agreements have been executed in all provinces of Your Majesty establishing annual payment of revenue. The tnauje. .; of Kalambe in the district of Parali has been granted to my ancestors by tlie late Maharaja. He 'my ancestor) was blown up in the bombardment of the fort, after fighting for six months with Emperor Aurangzeb. For that reason the entire village was granted to Prayagji and we are in the enjoyment thereof (up to date). Recently new taxes were imposed (in the province) but I showed the original documents to Rajashri Pant Pradhan and by the grace of Your Majesty set the matter right. Another village mauje Navani of the Koregav par y ana of the Wai Prant has been granted to Rajesltri Amritrav Avji Tambekar who is employed under our Sena Khaskhel (Gaikwad). Rajashri Andopant Rarkun writes that the orders for the collection of revenue from both the villages will be issued together. I therefore beg to sub- mit this letter (requesting) that such an order should not be passed. They are both (villages) in my possession. If they (orders) have been already issued they may be countermanded as a favour. Your Majesty (will I hope) not mind the fact that I have not been able to render anv
•
services direct. No attention be paid to any contrary information placed before (Your Majesty). I wish to pay .my respects to your feet. At that time I will render such services as I can. Do not distrust me. How to describe the miseries suffered during forty years after the demise of the late Maharaja. For twenty-five years I bore all troubles under the Gaikvad. During the last five years Your Majesty's own calf has to feed itself as a suckling of another man's cow. My father has not yet been able to repay the family debts. I have just com- menced building a house because even the milkbush
38 HISTORICAL DOCUMENTS
.(cactus) beams of my cottage have not yet been replaced. An enquiry will reveal the state of the finances here. The state of my household may also be graciously exa- mined. If I am writing falsehood, I swear by Shri Yavateshwar, my family god, and by Your Majesty's feet. In that locality (owing to the trouble the Rastes have been giving) Kalambe and Palgate have suffered much. Andopant was asked to send my family people to the Konkan but they are mere cripples. They will be better protected near your Highness' (capital) by employing (additional) guards and cavalry. They should not be sent away from the villages. These are rainy days. I have written so. (I beg) Your Majesty (my father and mother) will sanction the necessary arrangement for the protection (of the villages) and will write to me in reply. Thus I submit this letter to Your Majesty.
DOCUMENT No. 23.
Chronicle.
[Compiled by Vahivatdar Sadashiv Narayan Abhang dated 6th of the second half of Mary Shirsha, 1803 (Dliak era)].
Bhaskfir Edv Tithal says : —
Our ancestor Prayagji Anant loyally served at Fort Satara in war and peace the late Maharaja Shrimant
HISTORICAL DOCUMENTS 39
Shall u Chhatrapati for many years. He faithfully served as HavalcUir (commandant) and protected the fort. He had under him all the Gadkaris (guards at the fort). His Majesty graciously granted to him hy an hereditary grant of one Karkun, one orderly and the villages of Degav, Jaitajar, Nigdi, Augapur Taluka Vadan, Nagawane Shelekvadi, Sougav, Dervadital, June, Gaundi, Kamadi, Raigav, Kudal, and Bambli — together fifteen villages were granted in sanacls as inams. They are still in the possession of the family. After working at the fort for many years, he was transferred to the Peshvas at Poona. Outside the fort our ancestors and my father, and myself have all along rendered services. We had 500 yadkaris under us until 1860-61. Besides these villages, we received dresses of honour. Even after the establish- ment of the British Government, we were at the head of 500 gadkarts. I was at the head, and the Maharaja always respected our position in court. Since 1861-62 (A. D.) the Qaeeii-sarkar (direct Rule) discontinued all our active work and granted half the income of the said villages to perpetuity. This grant was made two years ago.
2. During the reign of the late Shahu Maharaj Chhatrapati, Emperor Aurangzeb besieged the fort of Satara. At that time our ancestor Prayagji Anant the chief subhedar of the fort, bravely fought at the head of his faithful army. The enemy was defeated and the Maharaja gained victory. In this battle Prayagji Anant was blown up during bombardment. He fell towards the Eastern bastion. Maharaja sent a search party, found him still alive, brought him back, showed him great favour, and finding him loyal and faithful, granted in perpetual iiiam the village of Kalarabe. Out of the revenue of his village the Sardeshmuklii cess and the
40 HISTORICAL DOCUMENTS
..khalsa cess and Royal garden were also granted (after the demise of Prayagji) to my grand-father Joti Anant, and to Gangadhar Joti and Bhaskar Joti and Rakhmaji Jeti, and Sitaram Chimnaji by the late Shrimant Rajashri, Madhavrav Narayan Pradhan. We therefore got the entire village. It is in our possession. This inam village was granted about 150 years ago. We possess all the documents of the grant.
3. My grand -uncle Ravji Appaji and grand-father Babaji Appaji served the Peshva Sarkar. Because the were the snbhedars of the fort of Satara, they were grant- ed a piece of grass land at mauje Akle t&twka Satara. We are in the enjoyment of the grant.
4. After the village of Kalambe was granted as man (free-hold), my great grand-uncle Ravji Appaji and my great grand-father Babaji Applji built houses for the rayyets and got some of them married at their cost. They supplied food and clothes to the poorest of them. They were religiously disposed and adored God and Brahmans. All the residents of these villages remained contented and happy. I have continued the same policy and have built large houses at Kalambe. They are as follows :—
(1) A mansion in the centre of the town. Built of
polished stone, teak blackwood, has four wings, three stories, a first class building, completed in Shake 1726 at a cost of three lakhs of Rupees. It has no equal (in the district) except in the Palace of Satara.
(2) The temple Shri Bhairav, of polished stone, has
a high dome and a terrace. Is surrounded by rest-houses and other temples. In its com- pound there is a temple devoted to Maruti . ^Hanuman) equally strong and good-looking.
HISTORICAL DOCUMENTS 41
Finished in Shake 1730 at a cost of about a lakh of rupees (Rs. 1,00,000). I repaired the rest houses in Shake 1797 to 1799 at a cost of Rupees 2,000.
(3) In the midst of the town an open-air public
masonry seat (par} built of polished stone, in shake 1733, cost Rs. 2,000.
(4) The temple of Shri Veneshvar on the banks of the
Vena river, of polished stone, strong and beauti- ful. Built in Shake 1755, cost Rs. 30,000.
(5) A bathing ghat, of stone and large enough to
accommodate 100 people. Cost Rs. 15,000. Has near it two small open-air raised masonry platforms under the adjoining sacred pipal (Ficus religiosa) tree. Cost Rs. 2,000.
(6) Another separate ghat to the west of the above.
Cost Rs. 5,000.
(7)« A paved street leading to the river. Cost Rs. 2,000. Shake 1734.
t"). Our family god Shri Yavateshwar has a large temple situated on a hill to the west of Satara. We feel hereditary devotion to that god and have arranged for his worship, his food offerings and for feeding Brahmans, the perpetual light in the temple and annual festivities held on the 30th Moon of Kdrtik and on the 14th Moon of Mayli. The first of these festive occasions has been arranged on a very large scale because our ancestor was in the habit of frequently visiting the hill for paying his respects on this date. Brahmans are fed on that day, kathas (dialogue on religious subjects) are held. The annual grant for these two festivities is Rs. 300. This sacred seat of the god is our property. Government have granted a piece of land at Kalambe, yielding Rs. 30 as annual revenue. The difference is paid by me. 6
42 HISTORICAL DOCUMENTS
6. During ray life, I planted an avenue of mango trees along the public road (leading to the hill). This happened eight years ago. These trees are still heing nurtured, they have commenced to give shade. T spent up to date about one thousand rupees on (this avenue) and the expenditure will continue.
7. In the Satara District I have village Kalambe as jahagir (free-hold). I have maintained there a Manager (vabiwatdar), karknns (clerks), peons, menial servants, horses, oxen, cows and buffaloes. In cases of disputes, I am represented in the British courts by my managers.
3. On the third Moon of the second half of the month of Magh, a fair is held in the temple of Shri Bhairav, god in our village, at our expense and we receive the usual honour.
9. We receive annually our share of the local imports such as ' thatching (karsai), merchandise (kena), grass, vat bigar (free labour), sugar cane, til, and raw sugar (tilgul), etc.' At present we get through the British Government a modified share of these dues and grant them a receipt.
10. The chief local (dues, due to a Jahayirdar) and to the temple are still paid to us, and the right of igniting the holi fire of the village belongs to us. We also receive the first share of the kadakane of the Navaratra holi- days and the mudis of mudi-t ull moon.
11. We meet all the expenses of the annual festivi- ties of Yavateshwar.
12. In our manor, there is a temple dedicated to Ganapati (Ganesh). The annual festive ceremonies due in Bhadrapad there were held by our ancestors Ravji Appaji Babaji Appaji and Vithal Rao Babaji on a very grand scale at the expense of Us. 2,000 a year, but now in
HISTORICAL DOCUMENTS 43
keeping with the times, they are held on a moderate scale.
13. We have three gardens at Kalambe and three well-built wells, an avenue of mango trees, and flower beds.
This is compiled by Mr. Abhang the Vahilvatdar of Kalambe and forwarded to Mr. G. R. Gupte, for Dewan Bhaskar Rav Vithal's approval.
DOCUMENT No. 24.
Shri Mhalsa Kant. (Seal.)
From
Anandrav Gaikwad Sena Khaskhel Samsher Bahadar,
•
To
Babaji Appaji.
Dated Sum San Mayatain va allaf.
You are the hereditary faithful dependant of the Sarkar, and now you have successfully carried on the expedition to Karli and have restored order, therefore the Sdrkar is pleased to appoint you to the Khasgi Darak. You should therefore manage the Khasgi Darak with integrity. Attached is the list of the Khasgi right and cesses. Enjoy these right and cesses (from generation to genera- tion). To ensure its safe enjoyment the English Company Bahadur have been offered as a security. Know this. 7th Moon Ramzan.
(Seal.)
44 HISTORICAL DOCUMENTS
For maintenance of these rights the English Company Bahadur accept the guarantee, Samvat 1863.
(JSnglish sign attire. )
(Seal).
DOCUMENT No. 25. Shri Mhalsa Kant.
(Seal.)
( 1807-8 A. I). ) Dated ]
( Samvat 1864. )
From
Friendly Anandrav Gaikwad Sena Khaskhel Samsher Bahadar,
To
R. K. Babaji Appaji Khasgivale.
Dated Suru San Saman mayatain va allaf.
The Sarkar-state got into heavy debt and was in financial difficulties. You, with the help of the Ajam English Company Bahadur, settled all account with Shiledars, SMba&cF*, and Artillery, got many sums written off and worked very loyally. In appreciation thereof you are hereby granted the freehold (inam) of :—
(1) Village Kamali, (revenue) Us. 5,000 (a year) ;
(2) Village SonevSdi pargana Ghanadevi (revenue)
Es. 5,000.
HISTORICAL DOCUMENTS 45
Thus two villages yielding Rs. 10,000 a year have been granted by the Sarkar. (This grant) includes all rights over water, trees, grass, wood, stone, as well as buried treasure. You can enjoy these villages, from year to year, and from generation to generation. Sarkar will continue these grants from generation to generation.
o o o
Know this. 9th Moon of Rabilakliar, duly sealed.
(Seal.)
DOCUMENT No. 26.
Shri Mhalsa Kant.
(Seal.) To
All the Kaniavisddrs, present and future.
•
Anandrav Gaikavad Sena Khaskhel Satnsher Bahadar (commands) that Rajashri Babaji Appaji Khasgivale loyally settled the accounts re the heavy debt against the Sarkar State, with the help of the English Sarkar (obtained under instructions). (He) got many sums written off. In appreciation of these services, he has been graciously granted inam by the Sarkar the villages of Sonevadi (yielding Bs. 5,000) and Berje (yielding Its. 5,000) from this year. Therefore, transfer to him these villages to perpetuity from generation to genera- tion. It has been entered among the grants (nenimik). No objection need be raised for the annual repetition of this order. Take a copy of this order and return the original to the said (Babaji Appaji) for enjoyment. Know this. Oth Moon of RaWakhar, duly sealed.
* (Seal.)
46 HISTORICAL DOCUMENTS
DOCUMENT No. 27.
Shri Mhalso Kant.
To
A. Kb. L.A.R.R. Babaji Appaji,
From
Sena Khaskhel, Samsher Bahadur Anandrav Gaikavad.
Dated Suru San Jhide Mayatain va Allaf.
You have been entrusted with the expedition of mulukhgiri in Kathiawar, Jhalawad, including ours as \vell as Pant-Pradhan's and Atahikatha-Pcilanpur tracts. You should therefore settle the sums due, recover them, or arrange through proper securities the recovery thereof from the Mewatis and pay the same into the Sarkar Treasury with honesty and integrity. You have been entrusted with this work for three years from the 17th Moon, in the month of Saban, Samvat 1865 to 18G7. Therefore perform your duties faithfully (the same day). (Sealed.)
Registered.
DOCUMENT No. 28. MEMO.
A Sanad has been granted to Babaji Appaji Khas- givale on the 17th Moon of Ramzan, appointing him
HISTORICAL DOCUMENTS 17
Khasgi Minister. It contains a list of Dalles (grants).'
He has to get them in accordance therewith from the
beginning of the Jast year San Saba Maiyatain. The following grants are to be hereditary granted on llth Moon
of Rabilaval of Snru San Samari Mayatain i'a allaf.
Pargana Baroda ... ... Rs. 1,001
„ Petlavad ... ... „ 750
„ Ahmedabad ... ... „ 750
Vijapur ... ... „ 220
„ Yisanagor ... ... „ 200
Pattan ... ... „ 700
Zilla Songad ... ... „ 200
Pargana Navasari ... ... „ 100
Valwad ... ... „ 100
„ Tembhe ... ... „ 200
„ Kase Athaval ... ... „ 100
Mohe ... ... „ 200
'„ Vadnauar ... ... „ 200
Molar ... ... „ 250
„ Sherior ... ... „ 300
Karle ... .. „ 200
„ Raj pirn pie ... ... „ 300
Modhe ... ... „ 125
Custom's duty at Savargola in Baroda „ 250
Kashe Umrat ... ... „ 30
„ Janej ... ... „ 25
Thana Padre „ 125
Pragane Kherali ... „ 100
Thana Chandod ... „ 25
Pragane Telakwad ... ... ,, 100
„ Savkhed ... „ 250
„ Kadi ... ... „ 575
„ Kalband ... „ 200
Thane Debegav ... ... „' 100
48 HISTORICAL DOCUMENTS
Pragane Nadiyad ... ... Rs. 300
„ Dhanalke ... ... „ 500
„ Kamrej ... .., „ 200
Varsai ... ... „ 200
Marali .... ... „ 200
Kadod ... ... „ 100
Teladi ... ... „ 350
Duty on the North hanks of Tapti ... „ 250
Pragane Vapor ... ... „ 250
„ Vaghode ... ... „ 75
„ Ghanadevi ... ... „ 250
„ Antapur-Vesanpur ... „ 100
„ Belsar ... ... „ 350
„ Variyav ... ... „ 100
Port Billiraor ... ... „ 100
Ramgar Ghat ... ... „ 50
Pragane Tadkeshwar Poli ... „ 50
Galhe ... ... „ 200
Mulakhgiri expedition ... ... „ 3,700
Pragane Kathiawar ... Rs. 2,500
Mahikallic ... „ 1,200
Rs. 3,700
Grand Total Rs. 15,001
Total fifteen thousand and one Rupees — Granted from generation to generation from the last year as D&yate, Mahal and Mulukhgiri. These grants would therefore recur from year to year and render loyal services. Know this, llth Moon Rabilakhar. (Granted at) Baroda. (Sealed.)
HISTORICAL DOCUMENTS 49
DOCUMENT No. 29. SHIII.
(Mhalsa Kant)
MEMORANDUM.
Rajashri Babaji Appaji Khasgivale has been entrusted since the last year with the duties of the hereditary office and a Sanad has been granted on the 17th Moon of the month of Ratnzan. A separate list of the grants (in con- nection therewith) has been given therein. In accordance therewith the following grants about the Shiledars and Pagedars and Shibandi have been made from the begin- ning of the last year San Sabba Mayatain. (Dated llth Moon of Rabilakhar Suru San Mayatain va allaf.}
(1) For each Siledar, Rupee one per year has been
promised. It may be received (by him). (1) The Huzmt Pdga and Pathaki Paga | Rupee
per each cavalry man (sawar). (1) The grants recorded by the " Master of the
Seal '* (Shikenavis may also be paid). In connection with the hereditary office, these are the grants sanctioned for Shiledar, Paga and Shibandi ; they may be paid. He may receive them and render loyal and faithful services to the Sarkar. Know this llth Moon Rabilakhar. Camp Baroda.
Registered. (Sealed).
50 HISTORICAL DOCUMENTS
DOCUMENT No. 30. To
Ajam, Babaji Saheb Jada Hu, Erom
Ajdil, Aikhalas, Major Walker Saheb, Salam bajad Salam.
After knowing the good news of this place (be so good as to) inform how do you do ?
Eurther, Ajam Rangram Bhavani Joshi (?) has been appointed as a representative (dbdar). This (letter) has been written to inform you of the fact. Whenever there- fore you will go to that (?) province, protect his forts and villages. You will not try to exact your usual dues on them. Do not' take notice of what untoward things his enemies may tell you. His manager Ajam Bhavanji Ramji Meheta will see you. He should be welcomed and treated well. Despatched on 31st Saffar 12th June, 1823. What more to write ? Be kind and friendly.
(English signature.}
DOCUMENT No. 31.
Samvat 1863.
Issued on the 13th Moon of Rajab, Thursday San Saba Maiyatain, Bhandrapad 4th of the first half (shttddh). Camp Kudal near fort Kadi.
To
Ajam Babaji Saheb Jada Mohabat Hu.
A friendly communication.
After compliments,—
Major Walker presents salam Bajat salam. After hearing news from here, ( please ) keep informed of your welfare.
HISTORICAL DOCUMENTS 51
Your letter No. 4 of Hajab to Ajam Bapu Mairal has been received and contents (thereof) have been known as interpreted by Gangadhar Shastri. You have shown many despondent thoughts. They all seem to deserve consideration. But the plan I have formed is unshakable. Bapu will tell you all its details. You will know. You should therefore entertain no doubt about it. I shall give you copies of the former and present state agreements. Do not delay your arrival. Dated 23rd September, 9th Moon 1806 A. D. What more to write? Entertain friendly feelings is the request ( of )
(English signature).
DOCUMENT No. 32.
To
Ajam Babaji Saheb Camp Lashkar (Jada Mohabat.)
(Saheb Mshfala Meherban Lasu Farman Dost.}
From
Meherban Major Walker. After compliments,—
You may have learnt all details after the visit of Bapu Mairal. Come soon in accordance therewith. Bapu Mairal wrote a letter to Gangadhar Shastri. In it, he said that the Gardis should be deputed to confront the Moghias. You need not be anxious about it in the least. Babaji Saheb, there is no difference between your life and honour, and my life and honour ( they are, identical).
52 HISTORICAL DOCUMENTS
.Be quite sure of this and come with full confidence. It will be well if you live here after the visit, if not, after obtaining the permit from Azam Maharaja Anandrav Gaikavad Senakhaskhel Samsher Bahadar, you will be allowed to go with honour. Come to your work. To assure you, a letter from the Governor General has been despatched yesterday and to-day this letter is being written. I and my Government are always ready to support all the people of the late Ravba Saheb. Among these you are equal to him in rank and are his brother. Therefore entertain no suspicion. You will on careful consideration realize the motive of my hard work.
Babaji Saheb ! this private letter is being addressed to you as an assurance. Azam Sitaram Ravji has already written to you. Write to him in reply that you are coming forthwith because he has written to you, but that you have written to Major Saheb for a letter from the Shrimant. Then write a letter to me that your nephew has written to you an urgent letter and therefore ( I ) should send you a Government letter and a letter from the Maharaja. Write (to me) like this. I shall then send a letter from my Government to tbe Maharaja. But do not delay. Come.
Dated 2oth August, 10th Moon Jamadilakhar 1806 A..D. What more to write|? Keep kind is the request of
MA JOE WALKER.
HISTORICAL DOCUMENTS 53
i
DOCUMENT No. 33.
To
A jam Babaji Saheb Jada Mohabat II u.
(After compliments.) After I left Baroda i received some letters from the Government of Bombay regarding some communications from the Governor-General about Baroda. In all these papers both the Governments mention your excellent work in faithfully serving the Gaikwad Sarkar and administering his state. On the successful termination of this arrangement, it will ensure the success of the proposal of your Chief, and Government will help you in the accomplishment of your wishes expressed.
Secondly, the Governor has sent a letter to Sitaram
Bapu with Bandhuji, containing reference to your work.
I would have written to you about it even if I were there,
but as I am not present there I give only a short purport.
Babaji Saheb ! on hearing that a letter came direct
with Bandhuji, there should be no other thought. The
letter contains general approval of your work. You
should therefore continue your work and bring it to
conclusion. The Governor thinks that the duty you have
been performing for your Chief so cleverly and laboriously,
should be an accomplished fact and that he should write
to you a complimentary letter about the successful
achievement of the scheme. Be assured therefore that
the Government does reserve its opinion and does not
express it. Not that they do not know it. Government
know for certain, that on the attainment of the success
of the Sarkar* s scheme, the Gaikwad will love you better.
That will happen and the Company's Government afford
their protection to you and yours, as regards their
54 HISTORICAL DOCUMENTS
happiness. Be informed. Dated 8th September, 1807 A. D. 5th Moon Hajjab. What more to write ?
(Signature of Major Walker.)
DOCUMENT No. 34.
(Seal.)
To
A jam Major Walker Saheb, etc., etc.,
From
Anandrav Gaikwad Sena Khaskhel Sawsher Bahadar.
(After compliments.) Bajeshri Babaji Appaji has been performing his duties to the state in an excellent manner. Now he has successfully carried out the Mulukhgiri Expedition of Kathiawar. On his return, he has been entrusted with the hereditary duties of the Khasgi Darak. Chiranjiv Sitaram Ravji has been instructed to issue the requisite sanads. I hope therefore that you will co-operate and ensure the guarantee of the Company Government to its perpetual continuity. Let the sanads be prepared as early as possible I must give him the dress of honour.
Sum San Saba Mayatain va allaf.
(Signature of Anandrav Gaikavad.) Do in accordance with this writing 12th Moon Saban.
Registered.
(Seal.) ,
HISTORICAL DOCUMENTS 55
]
DOCUMENT No. 35.
A.D. 1807 Samvat 1863
Shri Mhalsa Kant (Seal.)
To
A. L. A. K. R. Babaji Appaji,
From
Anandrav Gaikwad Sena Khaskhel Samsher Bahadar.
Dated Sum San Saba Mayatain va allaf.
You have all along been rendering honest and loyal services to the Sarkar. Now the diplomatic work about Kadi and the expedition to Kathiawar have been credit- ably accomplished. The work of the Khasgi Darak has therefore been entrusted to you. Do therefore faithfully carry on the duties of the Darak and enjoy hereditarily the grants made in connection therewith. The A jam English Company stand as a friendly guarantee. Know this 7th Moon Ramzan.
(Sealed.)
In accordance herewith the English Company Bahadur — stand in friendly guarantee.
(English signature.) (English Seal.)
56 HISTORICAL DOCUMENTS
DOCUMENT No. 36.
To
Ajam Babaji Saheb Jamedar Mahatal Hu,
From
Col. Alexander Walker, Resident.
(After compliments.) I am in haste to go to my country. Therefore before leaving this place I wish to write to you more or less.
You have rendered valuable services to the Gaikwad state. A letter has therefore been sent to Ajam Eattesing Rao Saheb. In it the description of your loyal services has not been omitted because (it is desired) that he should always be kind to you. Be assured of this. On my going to Bombay, the Governor in Council will be informed of your loyal services, and that will lead<to your prospects for ever.
I remember that your great achievements at Baroda proved less expensive than the amount you received from the State Treasury. That led to the reduction of the state debt.
Therefore Babaji Saheb ! It is not necessary to des- cribe these matters to you. You know them all. But the reason of recording them here is to draw your atten- tion to the perpetuation of the most important achieve- ments. You are aware of this fact also. It is an arrangement to the advantage of the Gaikwad and Government have the credit. They are therefore sure that the work will be continued under your mature guidance. It is not necessary ' to add more about your mature experience. I am sorry I have to part with you as a friend. May you fare well. May you be happy
57
and always write to me. Dated 21st Moon Jilkad 10th January 1809. What more to write ?
(English signature.) 26th Jilkad Paushya Vadya 12th San tisa M«yatain va allaf 1865.
DOCUMENT No. 37.
27thMoon
Ashadh month 3rd Treaty>
San 1858. j
ARTICLE 10. We agree to the articles discussed with Major Walker, to my state and lineal successors and Dewan Ravji Appaji and his sons, brothers, relations, friends and Madhavrao Gopal Mazumdar may be helped by | the ' Company Bahadur and none may be allowed to combine against another. On this Major Walker admits that your (Gaikwad's) state will remain under the regime of your family and that the Minister's (Divangi'i) post shall continue from generation to generation unto the family of the said (Ravji Appaji). The Company stand as a security and your (Gaikwad's) vakil will discuss (matters) in the presence of our (the British) vakil.
58 HISTORICAL DOCUMENTS
DOCUMENT No. 38.
To
Ajatn Akram Maharaj Anandrao Gaikavad Sena Khaskhel, Samsher Bahadar Jada Ekbal Hu,
Erom
Col. Alexander Walker, Resident.
(After compliments.) Received Maharaja's letter dated 29th Moon Eamjan. Considering the faithfulness of A jam Gangadhar Shastri the trusted Mamledar of the Honourable Company's Government. Maharaja, (it says), intends granting him a village in free-hold and asks permission to do so. We approve of the step in appreciation of his loyalty. He deserves it. The Com- pany's Government feel sure of it. The permission will therefore not be refused. I therefore have the pleasure to write that in order to attain success in this work, I have granted him leave to go. 26th Moon Saval, dated 15th December 1808. What more to write ? Keep friendly.
(English signature.) Tisa Sabain
Mayatain va allaf San 1865.
HISTORICAL DOCUMENTS 59
DOCUMENT No. 39.
To
A jam Akram Maharaj Anandrao Gaikav&d Sena Khaskhel Shamsher Bahadar Jada Ekbal Hu,
From
Col. Alexander Walker, Resident.
(After compliments.) Since I left you (I remember) our conversation in which you spoke about yourself and the Company's Government and that on being informed the Company should assist you in just ways. I have therefore written to Fattesing Rav Babasaheb Gaikavad and to Ajam Babaji Appaji Khasgivale giving my final opinion'. You too will (it is hoped) act in consultation with them both and do credit to the State. I shall be glad to hear in England of the increasing friendship between you and the Company's Government. 24th Moon Jilkad, dated 21st January, 1809. What more to write ? Be friendly.
26th Moon Jilkad, Paushya Vadya 12th
San Tisa Maytain va allaf 1865.
(English signature.)
60 HISTORICAL DOCUMENTS
DOCUMENT No. 40.
(Seal.)
To
Ajam General Jonathan Duncan, Esqr., (sic) President & Governor, Company Ingraj Bahadar Jada
Mohabat HU,
Prom
Anandrav Gaikavad Sena Khaskhel Samsher Bahadar.
(After compliments.) Company Ingraj Bahadur placed at the disposal of my State 2,000 soldiers besides artillery. The pay of this force will commence on the day of the disbandment of our sibandi force. It is there- fore not possible to pay the expenses of the first year. Therefore the total amount payable is Rs. 7,80,000 (Seven lakhs and eighty thousand) for twelve months. In part payment of this sum, villages yielding Us. 50,000, a year from Pargane Nadiad have been handed over. The balance of Rs. 7,30,000 (Seven lakhs and thirty thousand Rupees) shall be paid in cash. Deducting the expenses, the savings out of the fort and mahal of Kadi and the Bhavnagar boundary, and balance out of the year 1857-58 from Kathiawar and from other items, we shall repay these seven lakhs and thirty thousand with interest at the rate of As. 12 per cent. We shall pay. For securities we offer Bahadur .Rajeshri Babaji Appaji and Ajam Kamaluddin Husen Khan Bahadur. Payments will be made in accordance herewith. 5th Moon Suru San Salas Matyaain va allaf. What more to write ? Be kind and friendly.
(Seal.)
Babaji Appaji
Dastur Raoji Appaji)
Kamaluddin Husen Khan Bahadur.
HISTORICAL DOCUMENTS 61
DOCUMENT No. 41.
MEMO of questions raised by Ajara Fattesing Rao Gaikavad Suru ashar Mayatainva allaf.
Q. 1. The Modikhana is closed. It should always be kept working.
Reply. Rs. 3,00,000 (three lakhs] have been assigned for the Modikhana and Rs. 36,000 (thirty-six thousand) for Annachvhatra (free food). Thus three lakhs and thirty-six thousand Rupees may be expended every year. If this sum is not exceeded it will remain working for ever.
Q. I. The cavalry men are inconvenienced for want of payment.
Reply. There would have been no inconvenience, if the paga (cavalry) could have been managed in accordance with the provision in the budget. Expenditure has increased and no provision has been made for the outlay. I wish to exa- mine the accounts of the state and to regulate the outlay. Instead of that the expected in- crease of revenue in some Mahals, will be absorbed by increased expenditure. It will result in lo>s to the Sarkar and anxiety to me. I am in this doubt. But if the outlay is regulated in accordance with the budget, some arrangement will be made to meet the extra expenditure incurred at your pleasure.
Q. I. There is trouble in some Mahals.
Reply. The Pattan and Ahmedabad Mahals have not kept their promises and created confusion. Babaji has promised to adjust matters about Ahmedabad. If Pattan-matters be settled likewise, all troubles will soon cease.
62 HISTORICAL DOCUMENTS
" I agree to your proposals." Hearing these words of acceptance, I am sending this memorandum, which may be followed in practice.
" RECORD OF NOTES TAKEN " San 1866.
DOCUMENT No. 42. San 1866.
To
Raosaheb Mushfala Kadardan Lark Gustar Mukhli- sanal Anandrav Gaikvad Sena Khakhel Samsher BaMdar.
From
The Honourable Korva (?) Elphinstone Saheb Bahadur.
(After compliments.) Received letter from Meherban (you) dated 2nd Moon Safar sent through Bapu Maira and contents known. There will be no neglect on your friend's (my) part in doing the work of the Darbar. Know this. 16th Moon April. What more to write ? Be kind and friendly.
(English signature.)
HISTORICAL DOCUMENTS 63
DOCUMENT No. 43.
Notes.
Vithalrav Babaji : Babaji Saheb died in Samvat 1867. At that time he, (Vithalrav,) returned from Amedabad in the month of Kartik and administered the state con- jointly with Gangadhar Shastri, Vakil of the Company's Government under Fattesing E/av, who was a Mutalik (Deputy). Then Fattesing Rav and Gangadhar Shastri went to Kathiawar for the Nagar-expedition. After return, Gangadhar Shastri obtained the Khillat from the Gaikvad, and went to Poona as a Vakil. He engaged the services of Baba Marathe and Yeshvant Dada Godbole. They, and Vithalrav Babaji conjointly carried on the duties of the state. Then Yeshvantrav Dada was dis- missed, and Gangadhar Shastri died. Then with the consent of the Resident Colonel Saheb, Vithalrav Babaji carried on the duties. The Company Government decided that there should be another officer, and the Colonel Saheb brought Dhakji Dadaji from Bombay and employed him. Dhakji Dadaji took Umiashankar under him and worked with Vithalrav Babaji under Fattesingrav Baba- saheb in his palace. Then Fattesingrav Babasaheb died and Anandrav Maharaja appointed Sayajirav as his Mutalik (Deputy). At that time Vithalrav Babaji and Dhakji Dadaji attended office in the place of Sayajirav Maharaj. Then after the demise of Anandrav Gaikvad, Sayajirav Maharaj became the Gaikavad. At that time these two officers were the ministers. Then Elphinstone Saheb came to Baroda, and adjusted the administration of the state and appointed Vithalrav Babaji and Sayajirav as his chief helpers. After this, the officers of the Company were all dismissed. Sayaji Maharaja, however, retained the services of Vithalrav Devaji for his Khasgi Department.
64 HISTORICAL DOCUMENTS
After he began his work, some defalcations were discovered against Umiashankar. He was dismissed. Dhakji Dadaji was also dismissed. Then Vithalrav Babaji and Vithalrav Devaji worked together (as ministers). But the Sarkar relied on Vithalrav Devaji. However, Vithalrav Devaji commanded the respect of the Sarkar and continued to work.
Then on account of the diplomacy of the ' 7th year,' Sarkar lost confidence in Vithalrav Devaji and he was dismissed, and Veniram Aditram was deputed from Bombay to Calcutta. At this time, Vithalrav Babaji and Bhau Puranik were carrying on the duties (of the minister). Then Vithalrav Babaji was taken ill and lost consciousness, and Krishnarav Bhagwant was asked to work in the Khasgi Department. Krishnarav and Bhau Puranik worked together. Then Vithalrav Devaji mortgaged seven Mahals of the state to pay off its debt. At this time Vithalrav Babaji died, and Bhaskarrav Vtthal was adopted. Vithalrav Devaji went to Dabhai and thence to Kadi to administer the seven Mahals. The administration of the state was entrusted to Bhau Puranik and Krishnarav Bhagwant on behalf of Bhaskarrav Vithal. Bhaskarrav was at that time 12 years of age, and therefore these two officers were appointed by the Sarkar and Gopal Pant was working in the Khasgi Department on behalf of Veniram. But while in state-affairs Krishnarav Bhagwant and Bhau Puranik were working, the Sarkar appointed Gopal Pant as Sikenevis. The seven Mahals were at this time released. He began working with the attachments of properties in connection therewith. Our agents Krishnarav Bhagwant and Gopal Pant fell out, and Krishnarav was dismissed. Then Veniram Aditram returned to Bombay from Calcutta. When he came to Baroda from there, Gopal Pant was dismissed and Veniram Aditram assumed the
HISTORICAL DOCUMENTS 65
title of Himmat Bahadur, and worked (as Minister). He asked Bhaskarrav to pny him one per cent, as Vakil's Dasturi. Bhaskarrav refused. Veniram therefore became his enemy and stopped him from attending even the Darbar. Since then there is no one to work on behalf of Bhaskarrav and he does not attend. After some years he began attending the Darbar. (This is already known.) Shravan Vadya 2nd Tuesday Samvat 1910 Shak 1776.
DOCUMENT No. 44.
Camp, Kudal near Fort Kadi. 13th Moon Rajjab, Bhadrapad sudh 14th (Thursday) San Saba Mayatain.
To
R. R. R. Babaji Saheb, From
Gangadhar Shastri Patvardhan.
(After blessings.) I am quite well at Baroda up to the 9th Moon of Raj jab. I saw the letters you sent to Rajeshri Bapu on the 4th Moon, and learnt their con- tents. You wrote to Bapu in a despondent tone and prevented him from going to Kadi and asked him to live in Bombay after rendering accounts. I learn all this. Babasaheb ! when you come to Dakore I and the Colonel Saheb will both see you. You and he will learn all details. Had I taken this step I should have been guilty of ruining your family. I cannot give details here. Bapu will explain (details). I also will explain. Then you will realize the whole affair. As you have placed 9
66 HISTORICAL DOCUMENTS
your head on my thigh, come at once. If on your arrival any changes be affected in the former arrangements, no one will blame (you). But that will be the climax of confidence, and you will realize that in this mortal world people are born of one set of parents only. I have asked Bapu to go ahead to bring you. Do not be angry with him. Let me know the day of your arrival at Dakore. The Colonel Saheb is coming and arrangement must be made for his guards, baggage, etc. I am also very sorry to see that letter, so was the Colonel Saheb. You will know all from the letter addressed to you. That letter has been forwarded to the officer of our Govern- ment who lives at Kadi. It has been sent through that place to ensure confidential despatch.
Babasaheb ! if in accordance with the writing (I) have to go to Bombay, Benares is also in the possession of the Company, and it is nearer. As you are the senior and have the authority of a guru (teacher) and as I and Bapu are your pupils, we shall live by begging. We swear that we have no other wish. Be assured. Let Bapu have audience as soon as possible. That will remove all misunderstanding from your mind.
Bhadrapad suddh llth Tuesday, at 2 ghatikas. May you be informed. This letter has been included in the English letters and has therefore not been sealed. The seal will increase the size of the envelope. Compli- ments.
6?
DOCUMENT No. 45. To
Elphinstone Major (sic) Walker Saheb, Baroda.
Under instructions from the General Saheb of Bombay, Grant Saheb wrote that Ravji Appaji the influential intelligent Minister of the Gaikavad State died, therefore you should inform Shrimant Rajeshri Anandrav Gaikavad Sena Khaskhel Samsher Bahadur, and Shri Sitaram Ravji the adopted son of the deceased, and Babaji Appaji his brother ; and all the (first class) members of the family that the Government of Bombay and its Ministers are very sorry. The assistance rendered by the Company Government to the deceased, his position, and to his relations shall be continued on similar lines. During the career of the deceased Divan, the State of Baroda was protected owing to the friendship (alliance) he formed between them. You all remained true to your salt, and trustingly administered the State and the Gujerat Prant They may be assured that the State and the Rayois of Gujerat will continue to be kept safe. (Dated) Shravan Shuddh 7th.
DOCUMENT No. 46. Shri Mhalsa Kant.
MEMO, of grants conferred in appreciation of the services of the late R&vji Appaji the father of Rajeshri Sitaram Ravji, under the late Govindrav Maharaja. In order to make suitable provision the Sarkar has graciously
68 HISTORICAL DOCUMENTS
been pleased (to sanction) these grants on Suru San Sabain Ashar Maiyatain va allaf:— Amount Rupees :—
23,000 Mauje Sadhali Pragane Senor and Mauje Botane Pragane Ahmedabad — the total Revenue of both the villages. 6,000 for Saliana to Huzur equipage. 11,000 Cash to be paid through the Potdar every
year.
The Garden. In Mavje Mate Pragane Chanraish and the grant from the English Bahadur — Rs. 20,000. In this manner the annual errant amounting to
O O
Rs. 40,000 (forty thousand) and Rs. 20,000 (twenty thousand) from the Ajam Company's Sarkar, total sixty thousand Rupees to be paid from san tisa Mayatain, Samvat 1868. Some creditors have been sittin™ in dharna
*j
at his door. To conciliate them Rs. 1,10,000 (one lakh and ten thousand) have been advanced through Parakhs Samal Buhar and Mangal Sukhidas and Hari Bhakti and Mairal Narayan and Kushal Chand Ambaidasj Parakh. For writing off old debts Rs. 30,000 (thirty thousand) have been assigned out of these grants. The balance of Rupees left is thirty thousand. He (Sitaram) should live happily with this income. Know this 9th Moon Ramzan. Camp Baroda (sealed). A sealed copy has been carried to the Bungalow by Babaji Vithal of the Muzumdar's establishment on the same day.
HISTORICAL DOCUMENTS 69
DOCUMENT No. 47.
Shri Mhalsa Kant.
(SEAL.) To
Chiranjiv Rajeshri Sitaram Ravji,
From
Anandrav Gaikavad Sena KhasJchel Sumsher Bahadur.
(After blessings.) Your late father Ravji Appaji's Divanship has been conferred on you. Do perform (the duties) in the manner your father did by ensuring friend- ship with the English Bahadur, and in such a way as to increase that relation and to prevent all disturbances in my state as you have been doing heretofore, and arrange for the perpetuity of my state, demolish all enemies of the state by ensuring the perpetual observance of the mutual agreements between this stnte and the English Bahadur. Nobody should be allowed to override the other. In case any of my descendants will not behave well and will do harm to the state or disturb our friendly relation and will behave unjustly, if you and the English Bahadur are satisfied, you can select from my descendants one who is just and fit to rule, and brave, and instal him and carry on the duties and protect the state. The sacred promises between the Lite Govindrav Maharaj and you as regards the perpetuity of our Raj and your Divanship shall be observed for ever. My descendants shall not interfere with you and your descendant's rights, and therefore the administration and authority of the state is entrusted to you. Therefore maintain friendly relation with the English Bahadur and protect the state and protect the ryots of this territory. All these affairs are entrusted to you. Your descendants and my descendants should trust one another. 17th Moon Rabilakhar, Sum San arba Maiyatain va allaf. What more to write? Blessings. (Seal.)
70 HISTORICAL DOCUMENTS
DOCUMENT No. 48.
Shri Mhalsa Kant.
(SEAL.) To
Chiranjiv Rajeshri Bhaskarrav Vithal Khasgi vale, From
SayajiravGaikavad Sena Khaskhel, Samsher Bahadur.. Dated Sum San Tisa Asharin Maiyatain va allaf.
(After blessings.) Your father Vithalrav Babaji Khasgivale was taken ill and was on the point of death. At that time under instructions from the Sarkar he religiously adopted you as his son. Then he expired, and therefore this Sanad is being granted to you. In accordance with document dated 7th Moon Jilkad "containing seven items, your father Vithalrav Babaji received a sanad in Ihide ashar Maiyatain with the guarantee of the Company Bahadur. In the same manner you are appointed (hereby) to carryon the duties of the Khasgi Darak. You should therefore manage the Khasgi Darak as stated in the memoranda separately granted. Those grants will be continued to you. You should enjoy them from generation to genera- tion and serve the Sarkar honestly and loyally. No un- toward thing will take place regarding you and your rela- tions. The Company Bahadur stand guarantee in the just way. Know this. 6th Moon Safar. Blessings.
[Copy.]
(Seal.) (English Seal.)
(English signature.)
HISTORICAL DOCUMENTS 71
DOCUMENT No. 49.
Notes.
1. Ravji Appaji came from Poona in Samvat 1850. He worked (as minister) for 9 years.
1. Sitaram Rilvji and Sakharam .Chimnaji worked (as Karbhari] up to 1862 for about 3 years.
1. Babaji Appuji worked (as minister) from Samvat 1863 to the month of Kartik Samvat 1867.
1. Vithalrav Babaji and Gangadhar Shastri (as long as he was at Baroda) worked amicably together. When Gangadhar Shastri went to Poona in Sam- vat 1870, the duties were carried on in consulta- tion with Baba Marathe and Yashvantrav Dada God bole. After Gangadhar Shastri's death, Yash- vantrav Godbole was under the displeasure of the Sarkar and he was dismissed. Baba Marathe was working. Then Ajam Colonel Saheb Bahadur brought Dhakji Dadaji from Bombay. Vithalrav Babaji was working through him. After the demise of Anandrav Maharaja, Maharaja Sayajirav succeeded him to the gadi, then Vithalrav Babaji and Dhakji Dadaji were working together. Umia Shankar was under them. Dhakji Dadaji went to
ti *i
Bombay, and Uraia Shankar was dismissed. It was then decided that Vithalrav Dewaji be brought from Kathiawar. He (Vithalrav Babaji) worked until then.
1. Vithal Dewaji the Karkun of the Khasgivale's family was employed to do the work (of the minis- ter). He worked in co-operation with Vithalrav Babaji until Samvat 1883. He (Vithalrav Devaji) then went to Kabani Mahal.
1. In Samvat 1884 Vithalrav Babaji was taken ill, and therefore while Krishnarav Bhagwant and Bhau
72 HISTORICAL DOCUMENTS
Purlnik were conjointly carrying on his duties Vithalrav Bfibaji died. Bhaskarrav Vithal was a minor, and therefore Krishnarav Bhagwant carried on the duties until Samvat 1885.
1. In Samvat 1880, Veniram Aditram kept Gopal Pant at Bavoda and went to Bombay. Gopalrav carried on the duties until the end of Samvat 1888.
1. In 1889, Veniram Aditram returned from Bombay, removed Gopal Pant, and worked until 1893. He was hostile to the Bahadarivallas (guarantee holders). He ran away to Calcutta. At this time Ganesh Pant Bhau Oze, a subordinate of the Phad- nis family, worked (as minister) until the death of Sayaji Rav Maharaja and thereafter Raghu- nathrav Dhayabar, Govindrav Pandurang Rode and Ganesh Bhau Oze carried on the duties, until the end of Samvat 1905.
1. Since the Ashadh of Samvat 1906, Govindrav Pandurang Rode, Raghunathrav Dhayabar, and Vithal Khanderav Tambekar were carrying on the duties (of the minister). In Samvat 1907, the others did the same without consulting Raghu- n/ithrav Dhayabar. When Govindrav Rode return- ed from Bombay he resigned (or was dismissed) and Vithal Khanderav Tambekar carried on the duties.
HISTORICAL DOCUMENTS 73
DOCUMENT No. 50. Chronicle.
Notes. — Govindrav Gaikavad got the khillat of Sena
Khaskhel on Bhadrapad Shudh 7th. 1. Govindrav Gaikavad Sena Khaskhel Samsher
Bahadur died on the 2nd Moon of the first half of
Ashvin, Samvat 1856-1857. 1. The senior Fattesing Gaikavad Sena Khaskhel
Samsher Bahadur received the dress of honour of
"Sena Khaskhel Samsher Bahadur." He died
in Shak 1712 $a,uvat 1817. 1. When Fattesing Gaikawad died, after he was
cremated, Manaji Gaikavad took charge of Baroda
after Yadav Bhaskar. He declared himself the
Sa>dar, but received no dress; died in Samvat 1856. 1. .Fattesing Gaikavad, Karbhari Mutalik, Samsher
Bahadur, Samvat 1874-1877. Died on the 6th
Moon of the bright half of Jeshth. 1 . Anandrav Gaikavad Sena Khaskhel Samsher
Bahadur, (from) Jeshtha Samvat 1874 to 1876.
On the 15th Moon of the fir^t half of Ashvin, 1876
he died at Bhavnagar. 1. On the 7th Moon of the dark half of Marga-
shirsha, Sena Khaskhel Samsher Bahadur Sayajirav
Gaikavad died. 1. On Tuesday the 7th Moon of the dark half of
Kartikt Ganpatrav Gaikavad Sena Khaskhel Sam- sher Bahadur died. 1. On Monday the 6th Moon of the bright half of
Margashirsha Khanderav Maharaj died at Makar-
pura.
10
DOCUMENT No. 51.
Chronicle.
Notes on old history : —
1. In Samvat 1249 Shak 1714 Govindrav Mah&raj was installed. He came to Gujerat in Samvat 1850.
2. In Samvat 1851 Ravba Baba met (him) at Nasik and came to Gujerat.
3. In Samvat 1853 Babaji Appaji got the dress (appointment) of Mahikatha.
4. In Samvat 1855 he got the dress (appointment) of Ahmedabad.
5. In Samvat 1856 Malhar Rav carried on the expedition.
6. In Samvat 1856 assistance of the English was obtained and Ravba Baba received the Bahadari.
7. In Samvat 1858 Ravba Baba died.
8. In Samvat 1863 Babaji Appaji got the appoint- ment of the Khasgi Darak. Received Bahadari ; he got four appointments created synchronously.
9. In the Kartik of Samvat 1865 Babaji Appaji died.
10. In Samvat 1866 Bapu Mairal was sent to Poona as a vakil, then it was recorded that Ravji Malhar had no share in it (the appointment).
11. In Samvat 1874 Bajirav Peshva ran away and the English became the masters.
12. In Samvat 1867 Fattesingrav Gaikavad died.
13. In Samvat 1878 Dadasaheb Gaikavad died and Sayaji Maharaja succeeded him. The following are the names of the Karbharis of his regime :
1. Vithalrav Babaji Khasgivale.
1. Vithalrav Devaji Devanji.
1, Bhau Puranik (Kushaba Mama).
HISTORICAL DOCUMENTS 75
1. Gopal Krishna Devdhar.
1. Veniram Bhai.
1. Gopalrav Mairal.
1. Ganesh Pant Bhau of the Fadnis' establish- ment.
14. In Samvat 1904 Sayajirav Maharaja died and Ganapadrav Maharaja succeeded him. His Karbharie were:
1. Ganesh Pant Bhau. 1. Bhau Tambekar. 2
15. In Samvat 1904 Ganpatrav Maharaja received the reins. He died in Samvat 1913 and was succeeded by Khanderav Maharaja.
16. On the 6th Moon of the bright half of Marga- shirsha of 1927 Khanderav Maharaja died.
DOCUMENT No. 52.
Chronicle.
SUMMARY of historical notes on the conquest of Gujerat by Sena Khaskhel Samsher Bahadur the Gaikavad of Baroda collected by Raghunath Laxman Chitnis at the request of Gangadhar Shastri who wanted them for submission to the Peshva Sarkar and to the Company Sarkar.
Pilajirav Gaikavad was the Patel of Bhor. He was pressed hard for some debt due to the Sarkar. He migrated to the banks of the Godavari and Bhima. One night, he reached the house of his sister. A Subha of the Bijapur state reached the same village the next day on his way from Delhi. His army was marching
76 HISTORICAL DOCUMENTS
at midday, and rested under the trees. Among the retinue there were horses, caparisoned with gold and silver ornaments, and covered with gold embroidered cloths. Some were sleeping and some went to buy stimulants, tobaccos, pipes, etc. Pilaji selected a fine horse. Its syce was snoring. The others left the place. When Pilaji saw that the syce near whom he was sitting was fast asleep, he mounted the horse and started with the army. When he reached an adjoining river, he halted with the excuse of allowing the horse to drink water and then began to go away in a different direction. Some one saw, and threatened him. Pilaji gave a blow and the man fell wounded from his horse. He continued his career through the mountainous country. On the third or fourth day he reached Visarvada where the Bande Sardar had a large stable for stallions. One of Pilaji's relations was employed there as the keeper of the grains. He fed the horse, got it groomed, and found accommodation for it. Pilaji related his short adventure to the grain keeper. Both of them decided to go to Sangad the following day. Sardar Bande was there with his army. Finding Pilaji an active and clever man, he was employed (with his new horse) at Us. 2 per day. He quickly rose by good hard work carrying messages, settling disputes, and arresting runaways.
Pilajirav's eldest son was Sayajirav, second Anandrav and the third Malharrav. He had four more sons besides 16 born of remarriages. He added five to twenty-five horses of his own and engaged a hundred or two belonging to Shiledars. Deciding the boundary cases in Maval, arranging mutual settlements in local disputes, and collecting a few rupees from every " customer," was his good luck. Those who attacked him were defeated in pitched battles. Their heads were sever- ed. He therefore achieved success in all directions. He
HISTORICAL DOCUMENTS 77
wished to invade Surat. He went to Surat. He looted the town, captured the sawkars. In negotiating their release the Sarkar accepted Pilaji's guarantee for lakhs of rupees and people willingly trusted him.
When the Peshva came (to that place ?) the Dabhade proposed that he should not be allowed to do so. He advanced to Dabhai and fought a battle with Dadasaheb (Raghunathrav Peshva). Dabhade was killed on the battle-field. Pilaji would not yield. Dadasaheb there- fore bestowed the title Samsher Bahadur en him, and formed an alliance with him. He then went to Gujerat and from thence returned home (to Poona).
The demands issued from Satara on the Senapati remained overdue in spite of repeated expediters. As it was rumoured that the Sarkar intended effecting changes in the office of the Subha, the Senapati sent all the (Sarkar) messengers to Bande. Bande therefore besieged Surat with great determination, to gain either the takht or to die. Pilaji Baba carried it successfully and Bande expended the proceeds partly in repaying the debt and partly on personal matters. The real balance due from the Mahal, was transferred to the men who came (from Satara) with the demands. Two or three lakhs of .Rupees were thus paid up. There was further no balance in hand, he (Bande) promised payment but no cash was forthcoming. The varatvalas (agents of Satara) began giving trouble. It was therefore decided that Pilajirav be deputed with hundis worth ten lakhs on the Sardar of Talegav and the Sarkar be requested to write off the balance. At this juncture Pilaji died of high fever. The Varatvalas remained quiet considering the calamity. Damaji Gaikvad was already in service. He had carried on expeditions and successfully achieved some negotia- tions. Seeing that he was a wise man and a man of action, Bande conferred the (vacant) post on him and
78 HISTORICAL DOCUMENTS
sent him to Dabhade (the Senapati). He explained matters, but that made no impression on Dabhade. As the debt amounted to two crores and the cash offered after a long interval did not exceed 10 to 15 lakhs, he would not accept the terms. Then Damaji replied, " Agents have to carry out the orders of their masters. I therefore beg you will accept this compromise. If not, the men remain dunning for payment already with my master (Bande). He will pay in proportion to his income. If this be not acceptable let the Sarkar please itself." He repeated the same answer for a month or two. There was no alternative. When Dabhade saw this, he advised him ( Damaji ) to go to Satara and speak to the Sarkar (the Maharaja) and to settle the matter direct. He earnestly begged the favour of not being handed over to the Sarkar. "The Balance against us does not amount to 2 crores. It may come up to 60 or 70 lakhs of Rupees. Our objections may be considered, and a settlement arrived at. That is a better course. It does not seem (to me) to be the correct way to settle the matter — if I were to pay all demands put forward." After scrutiny, a memo, was drawn, show- ing about 1 crore of Rupees as the actual balance due. Damaji replied that having no territory in his charge he was helpless at seeing such a balance shown. Fifty to sixty lakhs seemed to be the real balance due. Even out of that sum deductions would have to be made for insol- vent debtors and for the reduced revenue of the Mahal. Then the balance could be recovered by instalments. On this, he was again told to go to Satara. He said he was willing to repay as proposed by him, and asked for a letter of introduction, adding that he would there repeat his re quest (for compromise). He was then despatched with the dunners (tagade) and hujras (personal staff). -Damaji (with the connivance of the hujras) saw the agents
HISTORICAL DOCUMENTS 79
of Dabhade at Satara. He explained the position to them. The Sarkar replied that when the amount due from Dabhade exceeds 2J or 3 crores how could His Majesty consent to (such a) settlement ? The Sarkar was requested to do justice. " We shall not demur." The Sarkar imposed a fine on Damaji. Damaji took the help of Yamaji Pant and (through him) saw Shripatrav Pratinidhi. He explained matters to him (Shripatrav). He showed that including all items such as Mahal-proceeds and expeditions the total amounted only to 85 lakhs of Rupees. It was not fair to throw the whole burden on Bande.
At last all the Karbharis decided in consultation, that if Dabhade accepted a lower sum he would not brook alteration of the figure. They therefore proposed a gene- ral settlement. Maharaja was ill at that time. Noticing the scarcity of cash, he (Maharaja) said that they could accept fhe terms they thought reasonable. The whole responsibility was therefore thrown on Damaji's head. Damaji replied that he was a mere agent (vakil). " His Highness' dunners have seen what amount can be paid on behalf of Bande. If approved of, the matter may be settled as they (the Karbharis) decided. I shall submit my request, beyond that I have no power." Then Yamaji Pant said "The debt amounts to 2£ or 3 crores and you say that there was no realizations. If each item were to be checked, it would involve loss of time. The Sarkar has waited for five or six years. I therefore agree to write off fifty lakhs of rupees. If there were no rea- lizations how are you going to pay off B-upees two and half crores?" Damaji (Gaikavad) replied, "Dabhade is the master. You are taking no steps to recover the amount from him and throw the whole burden on my head. I am but a servant of Bande. I am not responsible for the whole affair." On their deciding what amount
80 HISTORICAL DOCUMENTS
is due from him direct, Rupees one crore were deducted on his (Dabhade's) behalf. He was asked to pay off 1J crores the balance then left. Damaji replied that the " real balance against him would be sixty lakhs of rupees. Say what you will write off, out of that sum, and accept the balance. I lay this request before the Senapati as well as the Sarkar" It was then settled with the ap- proval of the Pant, that Damaji should be appointed to the Subha and be made Sena Khaskhel. Damaji should be held responsible for the debt. All the Karbharis agreed to this proposal and the order was passed. Damaji accept- ed the terms and tendered sureties for Rupees forty lakhs. The balance was to be paid by instalments. Damaji received the dress (of appointment) and went to Gujerat. Yamaji Pant's and Damaji Baba's proposals succeeded. The Maharaja then died. Rajaram Saheb was adopted. There was trouble among the Karbharis. The Peshva and Govindrav Chitnis formed one party and the A'i Saheb (Queen Dowager) and Yamaji formed the ether. But the Peshva had an army under his command. It was decided that the Queen mother and Yamaji should carry on the administration and punish the i'eshva. As an army was necessary, Damaji was asked to come with his army. There was a battle between him and Nana Peshva. The names of the principals were suppressed. The Peshva asked Visaji Pant the Subha of Bassein to take possession of the Gaikavad's territory. He took the fort of Parnel. When Balaji Basvant's brother heard of this, he collected all his sardars and held a consultation and decided that if he were to neglect, the Peshva would take his territory. He would not then be able to defend himself. He there- fore decided that the Peshva's army should be punished. He then organized the defence of Songad and Navasari ; gave battle to the Subha of Bassein and defeated him. Basavant looted the equipage. The Subhedar ran away
HISTORICAL DOCUMENTS 81
to save, his life. On the other band Nana Peghva trea- cherously arrested Damaji in spite of his own promise. He arrested Ramchandra Yasvant the Karbhari, and sent him to Lohagad. Fattesing and Govindrav Gaikavad were both taken prisoners. They were handed over to Chitnis on his standing security. Damaji was a prisoner for three years. Ramchandra Basvant promised that he would escape, collect an army, and relieve Damaji, but he ran away to meet Balaji.
Both the brothers combined, collected an army, and conjointly carried on an expedition. They captured the Mahal officers of the Peshvas, Sindes, and Holkers, im- prisoned them, and collected ransoms. The news reached the Peshvas and Damaji's brother came down to Malva. Basvant created trouble in Baglan, Malhar Rav did the same in Gujerat. There was trouble on all sides. The Peshvas became ^restless. Such was the time. (The' Peshvas.) therefore brought about alliance with Damllji. He was promised half of the territory he might conquer. He was asked to attend himself on the Peshvas at Poona with 5,000 strong. Even if he were to bring more men he was promised expenses. He was made Sena Khaskhel Sam*her Bahadur and the Subha of Gujerat. He gained success, conquered the Mevasis and established order. He gave a document announcing the release of Dabhai but Kedarji Gaikavad did not accept it. Therefore Balaji Ramchandrd Basvant went there and took the fort and distributed the commands of the Thanas. They worked together in this way. Dabhade's connection had already been severed, and an alliance formed between the Peshvas and the Gaikavad.
Damaji became covetous and began, studying al- chemy. Damaji therefore . lived in an obscure village. He was afraid that (his enemies) would take away, his wealth and his family would have to beg. One Moslem 11
8£ HISTORICAL DOCUMENTS
Fakir used to make gold. Damaji heard of it, and called the man to him. He was fed and offered a small room for his alchemic experiments. They manufactured gold on three or four occasions and got 5 to 10 tolas of it on each occasion. Seeing that, Damaji got a big furnace and bought mercury, arsenic, etc., and personally worked the bellows. As soon as smoke rose out of the furnace, the fakir left under the pretext of going to W. C. Damaji closed the door from inside and was suffocated to death. On the next morning people looked and saw that he had breathed his last. His younger son performed his obsequies. Fattesing arrived subsequently. Govindrav was away in his native place. Sayajirav was at Baroda. Things happened in this way. Govindrav wanted to secure the seniority. He saw the Srimant, borrowed money from Tambekar and Vanavale, collected an army, appointed Tambekar his Karbhari, took Khando Avaji with him, and came to Gujerat. Murarav Gaikavad and Kanhoji Gaikavad remained at Baroda with Sayaji Gaikavad.
Fattesing did not allow Govindrav to establish him- self. There was a battle. Sinde (Patelbava) passed through Kolvan, but they could not do so through the Gaikavad territory. Sinde was thus put under fear. Khando Avaji went to Gwalior, to Gokul, to Vrindavan and then went to his native land. As there was no opportunity to speak to Sinde, Govindrav went to Poona and stayed there. Nana Phadnis held out false hopes, accepted bribe from Fattesing, and created trouble. Khando Avaji died. . Govindrav found Ravji Appaji a very honest man, borrowed money through him from the Gosain money-lenders and conducted the duties of the Sardarship. After Fattesing's death, Manaji arrested Yadav Bhaskar and carried on the duties himself but he suffered from syphilis and died within ten months.
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Then Naro Shripat an'd Govind Vishvanath went to negotiate debt in their own names. They met Ravji Appaji. He promised faithful transactions, took him to Govindrav, and swore by the bel bhandar. He got hundis, and began negotiations through Haripant Phadke and showed that the financial arrangement was reliable. Nana said that " the Marathas (by caste) are dishonest and selfish. The estate has relapsed to Sarkar but I have to return it for your sake. You are the keeper and administrator thereof. V After due assurances, it was decided that (Govindrav) should be offered the office, and the dress was given in the fair half of the month of Bhadrapad. For two years he was exempted from ser- vice and the Peshvas were to help him in establishing his control. The expenses of his help should be repaid within specified time. A document to this effect was drawn up and then was the dress given. Govindrav left for Baroda. As soon as Manaji died, Kanhoji Gaikavad undertook the management and remained at Baroda.
DOCUMENT No. 53.
To
R. R. Andora Anna,
From
Ravji Appaji.
Dated 18th Moon Mohoram (?)
(After compliments.) I am well at Poona and receiv- ed the letters you sent addressed to Savant and Raghoji Patel. I sent Chilo Patel and two peons with a letter
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to the Chhatrapati Maharaja before yours (under reply) reached me. They~must have reached now. After the receipt of your letter Narayan Jasud and one Kanada peon have been despatched on Saturday with letters to Shrimant Maharaja and Rajeshri Lingapa. Tliey also must have reached, and handed over the letters to Lingapa. He must have written the reply he may have received. If not, please write.
At present Shrimant Daulatrav Sinde has written a letter to the Maharaja about me. I also have written a letter to the Maharaja. Both the letters have been placed in one envelope and (I have) added a letter to Lingapa. That has been enclosed in the envelope of the letter addressed to you. As soon as you get that letter and the one addressed to the Maharaja, go to Satara with Raghoji Patel, see Lingapa, give him his letter, and sub- mit the one addressed to the Maharaja through him. Repeat the request you communicated to me. " I have no money, and I am neither a thief nor an ungrateful man. And yet, Maharaja may take all that I possess. But His Highness will see who suffers in reputation. (I have) rendered humble services for forty years. To what extent 1 have suffered may be considered. Now the self-illuminating sun has risen in the shape of Your Highness. It should destroy the darkness of my poverty." That is left aside and instead (of it) Maha- raja demands money from me ! But in his house there is no balance standing against me. His Highness is by nature extravagant and luxurious and is therefore in debt to the extent of lakhs of Rupees. That is true. I will swear as to its truth by any sacred thing (Maha- raja names). Submit a clear request like this.
Andoba ! Maharaja has, under displeasure, harassed all people. May that please him. He is the father and mother (of us all). ' Tell Lingapa that I will not pay a
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single rupee as fine. Let him do what he thinks just and fair. Bapu Bhatt has been detained because he has incurred some debt at Wai and wants more money for the hoifoe. Money has not yet been obtained. Within a day or two I shall try to get one or two thousand and despatch the sum to him. Savant and Raghoji Patel belong to the Shiledar's family. I keep you informed of it.
Andoba Anna ! You write as if you are afraid. But I cannot help it. Bapu Bhatt will explain matters. What more to write ? Be kind is my request.
Despatched on the 20th of Mohoram.
DOCUMENT No. 54. Chronicle.
Under Shrimant Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj, was employed Prayag Anant Phanse resident of Panvel. He was wise, clever, a good writer and a good speaker. He was at the head of the Konkanes and Mavals. The Maharaja was pleased to appoint him Subhedar of forts
Satara and Parali (Shak 1607).
* ' * * *
Prayag Bava was given the command of the fort of Satara and installed as the head of the Gadakaris (guards of the fort). Prayagji Bava was present at four or five battles fought against the Moghals. He was successful.
He married twice. The elder wife had four sons. Of these Antaji Prayag was the eldest. The second wife had also four sons. Their names will be given in due course. Antaji Prayag had four sons. The
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eldest was Jyoti Anant, the second was Laxman Anant, the third Kashirav Anant and the fourth Mahipatrav. Jyoti Anant had four sons. The eldest was Gangadhar Jyoti, the second, Chimnaji Jyoti, the third, Bhaskar Jyoti alias Ravji Appaji, tlie fourth was Rakhmaji Jyoti alias Babaji Appaji.
In Shak 1608 Emperor Aurangzeb came from Delhi. He captured Sambhaji Maharaja. Everything was in confusion. Kajaram Saheb was thinking of going to Chandi. At this time the Manglai bastion of the fort was blown up by the Emperor after placing explosives under its foundation. The siege was in full force. The bastion was blown up. It rose like a kite to about 150 or 200 feet. Soldiers guarding the bastion were thrown out by the force and killed on the spot. Some were wounded. The Subhedar was also blown up and lay buried in the debris. But he was not much hurt. The siege lasted until the evening. Tired soldiers returned to their quarters. At night, Karkuns and soldiers were despatched with torches to investigate the loss. On the third morning a portion of the dress of the Subhedar attracted attention. On hallooing, it was found that he was still alive. He was taken out (by the grace of God). Maharaja was pleased to find him alive. He was asked to name a reward. He said that villages may be granted him in the vicinity of the temple he had built. Mauje Kalambe was granted as a perpetual gift. Some land was also granted at Chinchner-Dehegav. They are still in the enjoyment of the family. Prayacrji acquired a great reputation in this manner. After some years Nanasaheb Peshva began administer- ing the State. He was succeeded by Madhavrav Ballal. With him there were Sakharam Bapu Bokil and Baburav Phadnis. During that time Bhaskar Jyoti alias Ravji Appaji was entrusted with the duty of negotiations, as he
HISTORICAL DOCUMENTS 8?
was liked by all and was acquainted with many raises and ryots. Whenever any disputed cases came befoie the Sarkar, Ravba was selected for the reconciliation of the disputants as he was a straightforward and honest man. Every year he had to deal with five or six such compli- cated cases. After due enquiry Ravba used to report the case to the Sarkar and carry out the orders (of the Sarkar ) and recover fines. He thus added a few rupees to the income of the State. Officers were pleased with him. In this manner Ravba became a favourite of the Darbar.
Men who were employed to negotiate on behalf of Govindrav Gaikavad could not succeed; and although he was the senior, he could not get the orders and dress of the office (of Gaikavad) because Manajirav, Fattesing Rav and Sayaji Baba had not offered substantial Nazars and tribute. There was no decision and they had no intel- ligent and influential agent at the Darbar. Their father Damaji Rav Gaikavad had died at Pattan. At that time, Govindrav Baba was on duty at Poona. When he heard of it, he offered the usual Nazar to the S«rkar, received the dress, recovered the Nazars^nd rasads,du.Q from the Mamie- dars of his state, paid 20,00,000 (twenty lakhs of rupees) into the state treasury. He took his cavalry and army, estab- lished his power by despatching Mamledars in accordance with the custom. He captured Fort Songad. Before he could proceed, Fattesing Baba came to Poona and opened negotiations through Gopal Naik Tambekar and got two sanads, one in his own name, and another in Govindrav 's name. One of them was for the office of the Senakhas- khel, and the other for Samasher Bahadur. It wasrdecided that the acceptance of the duty of each section be left to their choice. Govindrav Bava accepted the Samsher- sardarship. The Sena khas-khelship was given to Fatte- sing. He accepted it and left for Gujerat. Amin
3$ HISTORICAL DOCUMENTS
\o
Saheb's(?) father Hamid Miyya was there (?). with his army. Govindrav Baba's army carne to that pjace (?) from Songad. They fought a battle. In that battle Chirri- naii Jvoti of Kalambe was killed. Ravba Baba went there and performed his obsequies. Fattesing arrived there with power to administer the state. Govindrav 's army was sent back.
After this, Govindrav Bava used to see the Shrimant (Peshva), with Mahadji Sinde and Maloji Raje Ghorpade, and tell them that as Fattesing Bava was entrusted with the internal administration of the state, Govindrav Baba was obliged to remain at Poona on (Military) duty. Fattesing Rav had been making no arrangement for his expenses and the MarrJedars he (Govindrav) had deputed to the Mahal to recover the Bazar paid by him, had been sent back (by Fattesing). How was he to maintain him- self ? (The Peshva) said " The district belonged to (trouble- some) Mewasis, they will pay later on. If he (Fattesing) takes time, what is the use of quarrelling? That is not proper." He (Peshva) told Gopal Naik to refund the amount (of the Nazar) paid (by Govindrav ) and get the orders back. The Shrimant (Peshva) went to Karnatak in Samvat 1828. Govindrav accompanied him, and so did Dadasaheb Peshva. They invaded the territory of the Moghal, and Govindrav proved useful with his army of 10,000 strong. Dadasaheb therefore found him a brave man and was favourably impressed. Dadasaheb was imprisoned by Ravsaheb (Madhavrav) Peshva. In Shak 1694, Samvat 1828 Ravsaheb died. Narayanrav became Peshva, Dadasaheb went out on an expedition .against the Moghals. He conquered a territory yielding 20 lakhs a year. Then Narayanrav got into trouble. That history about Sumersing Gardi has already been recorded in the chronicle about the Peshvas. Then Dadasaheb went to Dhar. At that place Shrimant
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Bajirav was born with the face towards the earth ! Then Govindrav went to Gujerat with Patel Bava, Sinde. The Mamledars returned to Gujerat with the army. They came hack and sat dharna on Khando Avaji to represent Gabaji and the Karbhari. They would not allow him to leave his place. When he went to the tent, no one was allowed to enter it or to come out of it. At that time Ravji Appaji went to enquire after his health, but there was a disturbance and he could not see him (Khando). He (Ravji) enquired and escaping the notice of the guard entered the tent. He asked Govind- rav " What would happen if the news of this disturbance about debt reaches the Shrimant ? " After protesting in this manner in several ways, he came out (of the tent) and threatened the agents of the creditors and said " What will you get by enforcing such a dunning ? When the master is installed on his gadi, arrange- ments will be made for the payment." He explained matters in different ways. In this manner Ravba saved Govindrav from a critical position involving death. Govindrav (Gaikavad) felt much indebted and always remembered it.
Govindrav Gaikavad tried through Patil Bava and the Darharis to get charge of Gujerat. Madhavrav Peshva was applied to, but he asserted that he would not change what he had once said. On that, Govindrav went to Hindustan with Patil Bava (Sinde). At that time Khando Avaji requested Ravba to help him with money and assured him that he (Govindrav) would not succeed in raising a loan without his (Ravba's; help. Ravba said " On what grounds shall I stand security for him ? " Khando Avaji said " Sardar Govindrav is your master because your brother Chimnaji Jyoti is his servant. You are therefore his servant in a way. And, besides, he is your friend. You have helped him several 12
90 , HISTORICAL DOCUMENTS
times, now he is helpless as regards the loan. This cannot be managed without you." Ravba replied " I am not a monied man. I am doing my best. You know it. Nobody would work without money. Why do you try me in this way ? " Then Tambekar added " I have three or four times opened the subject with the Naik. He consented if a security be offered. He asked us to find out a security. On this it was settled that Bhide should advance Rupees fifty thousand to one lakh. The document was tendered and the amount received. It was promised that the amount would be refunded on his (Govindrav's) going te Gujerat and Bhide added that Ravba should accompany him (Govindrav) to Gujerat and remit the amount as stipulated. The ques- tion of appointing Khandopant was under consideration, but this was a better arrangement as it emanated from Bhide. Pant was glad. Babasaheb was informed of these facts and told how the matter was settled:1 After that, hearing that Dadasaheb was coming (to Poona) with the help of the English, Sinde and Haripant went out to meet them. They met near Navasari on the banks of the Narbada. Dadasaheb went to Surat as soon as the battle began. In obedience to orders from Calcutta a European army of four regiments went to Talegav through Borghat. There was a battle. The chief commandant was Istur Phakda. He was killed. The English army returned to Bombay. Eight villages out of the Salsette group were given away to Dadasaheb and peace was concluded. The villages were handed over to Dadasaheb. They (the army ?) were kept at Koregav.
Ravji Appaji was a favourite of the Shrimant (Pesh- va) and of the Karbharis. He was kindly treated, was given job-work. He was thus enabled to earn his liveli- hood. Ravba on the other hand worked very scrupulously, and maintained the supremacy of the Peshvas. At this
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time Chimnaji Jyoti came there with Govindrav Qaikavad. After receiving the dress of honour of the Sardarship, he recovered money — the amount recorded by the Mamledars as " District charges. " To establish his reign he sent portions of his army with the Mamledars. When he (Ravba) prepared to go to Gujerat, he was asked (by Chimnaji) " Why are you going ? We shall live in peace with half the bread left to us by our ancestors." Govindrav told him " This we should consider as our family work. You and I are not separate. Do not be anxious. I am yours in all respects. Let him go." At such a homely request, he consented. He (Ravba) was sent. Fattesingrav then came (to Poona) and got his " Mulki Com- mand." A battle took place near Songad and a few men were killed. Chimnaji Jyoti was also killed, on the battlefield. When Ravba heard of this he was very sorry. 'Govindrav tried to console him in many ways. When Ravba returned to Gujerat after working with Sinde and Dadasaheb, and gaining their good opinion, Govindrav went forward to receive him and informed him of what had happened. On moving the Saheb at Surat through Dadasaheb, permission was received to invade Baroda. The Saheb was to take Princess Varabai the daughter of Fattesingrav as a hostage and to establish order at Baroda. But Sinde and Holkar marched with their artillery against Dadasaheb. That produced great disturbance and the Saheb took hostages. Fattesing paid some money and formed alliance with the English. It was stipulated that they (the English) should not side with Govindrav. After that, Haripant was entertained. Govindrav went to Poona. Even Patil Bava found it difficult to negotiate matters with Madhavrav Narayan the Peshva and Nana and Haripant the Jtarbharis. Ravba had free access to the Darbar. Govindrav
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therefore secured his frieodship and through him swore alliance with Patil Bava. Keeping that in mind, he used to repeat the assurance hut Ravba had to work in con- formity with the wishes of the Darbar. He therefore pulled on well. Nilkanthrav Page (Commandant of the Cavalry) Maloji Ghorpade and Manaji Eakde interested themselves (in this case) and spoke to the Peshva. On the other hand, the Patil of Deccan-Hyderabad spoke on behalf of Govindrav. He was friendly with the Saheb-lok. He therefore used to tell them the purport. Govindrav spoke to Nana and Haripant about this matter many a time. He was told that Ravba should not trouble them on this subject, because on account of his partisanship of Dadasaheb, there was some prejudice against him. That is why no definite ' reply was given (by the Peshva). He should understand this and keep quiet. After that, Eattesingrav died in Suru San tissa Samanin. Manaji became the chief. From that moment Ravba again commenced speaking to Nana on this matter. Nana was very kind to Ravba. He there- fore did not give an unfavourable decision, but only said " Why are you anxious ? You will get some good ap- pointment from the Sarkar" This state continued for a long time. At last Ravba said that Govindrav was living at Poona for a long time at daily expense. " My brother died fighting for him. On that account he (Govindrav) came to me. He has been eating and fasting on alternate days. When he comes to my house, there is no alternative but that of relieving him. Whenever he is annoyed by his creditors, he sends for me and gets me entangled in the affair, and the creditors kindly listen to me and go back. « On this account I am much involved. It is hoped that the Sarkar will make him the master of Gujerat to relieve me from my promise. If I (Ravba) am
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entrusted with Sarkar-service, I shall take Govindrav (Gaikavad) to Baroda, and will arrange for the repayment of the balance due from him. I will show that I can render valuable services. But do confer on him this favour," Ravba further learnt that the news of the demise of Manaji had reached that Sarkar. At this time Govind Vishvariath wrote to Nana that "the Sardarship (of Gujerat) has no master and Sarkar has to recover heavy dues. It may therefore be resumed and handed over to him for administration. I shall pay such and such amount as Nazar." But before that, Naro Shripati had submitted a proposal on behalf of Manaji Rav. When the agent (of Naro Shripati) was going to a middle-man with hundis, a friend of Ravba read them. Ravba asked him to show him these papers and ascertained that they referred to the dress announcing the appointment. He told them to accompany him. He took them to Govindrav and (in his presence) explained the day of the demise of Manaji. He assured them of the fact, took them thence to Haripant Tatia and proposed that Govindrav be (now) offered the dress. Tatia replied, '* Yes, you have been speaking about this proposal for a long time. It is true. I remember it, but how to succeed without money ? What to do for that ? This is the opportunity. Manaji is dead. You can now speak on the subject." He (Ravba) promised to pay in proportion, to tbe best of his power and added that it' he (Tatia) interests himself there was hope of success. ** You will (I hope) interest yourself." Tatia replied " When was 1 not interested ? You have been arranging for (the money) ever since Fattesing's death. When proposals about Manaji were opened, he was told (to produce cash). He died before he could do so. Your proposal is still under considera- tion." Ravba replied '* If you tell me to-day that you will interest yourself and obtain the desired decision, I
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will arrange for the payment. I will not leave your house until I do so on the spot." Tatia replied " In, what way will you arrange for the cash ?" Ravba replied " If you mention a modest sum I can pay at this moment and it' you wish to refuse there is no help." Then Tatia replied, " Pay one year's income as a nazar in addition to the Darbar Kharch (payments to Darbar officers). Tell me how you propose repaying the balance." Ravba replied, " Settle the amount of the year's income, and the payments to the Darbaris, and then I will speak about the balance. Do what you think proper, in consideration of the loss suffered during the last twenty years. We have no support except yourself." He replied " Ravba ! You are mine and I am yours, but the debt is due to the Sarkar, unless it is paid how am I to speak to the Sarkar ? Unless therefore the ' personal ' terms with Tatia were settled and the Darbar' 's expenses are fixed in consultation with Nana he (Tatia) would not speak. He was shown a bill of exchange for sixty lakhs of rupees. He was asked to come back in the evening to accompany him to Nana's house to settle that day all final details. Then he (Ravba) was introduced to Gopalji Gundo the Khijamatgar (A.D.C.) of Nana. He informed Nana. Nana replied, " Why does Ravba work in such matters ? Sarkar wishes to employ him as Nya- yadhish (Chief Justice). What is the surety of the promises of the Marathas by caste (meaning the Gaikavad's tribe). He trusts them and gets himself involved. This is not good." On this Gopalji Gundo said " Ravji Appaji has been pulling on under your protection during these twenty years. He works in obedience to your advice. He never accepts any bribe in doing that work. It is not because his family people have been complaining (of want of support). They say " Why do you get yourself into trouble over Govindrav's affairs. We shall live
95
on our own income. If there were any additional income from outside, there would have been no objection. That you do not get and waste your time." Such is the way in which his brothers speak to him. I heard it. All that Ravba could earn and get on credit has been devoted to Govindrav. He will not give up that 'monomania,' all the days of his life until he is weaned from that affair, that is, his connection with Govindrav as contracted in some preceding birth. He must have owed him (Govindrav) some heavy debt in a former birth. As somebody will have to be deputed to the Gaikavad to arrange for the recovery of the debt due, he (Ravba) may be told oft' to do that duty — after ascertaining how he arranges for the securities of the repayment. If he does not do so satisfactorily he may not be employed." Nana heard all this and remained silent.
Then about 8 o'clock at night Haripant Tatia took Ravba with him and went to Nana's house. He opened the subject. He said, " Ravba waited so long, because he did not want to create trouble while matters were running smooth, and Fattesing and Manaji were working on the spot. They were well informed, they had the land in their possession. There was no profit to the Government if they were made to spend money in establishing order. Now they are both dead and have left no heirs. Govind- rav has a son there (in Gujerat) and therefore our state 'should be handed over to us. The dress of honour of the Sardarship may now be kindly presented again and we may be sent there on behalf of the Sarkar." After this Nana discussed one or two more points regarding the pro- posal to resume and to hold the land direct. Tatia said "that it would be difficult to resume the state. That was not a good proposal. We must arrange for some scheme in which the state can be handed over to Govindrav.'*
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Nana replied, " No services were rendered to the state, although such a service formed the condition, and the fixed amount of ransom has not been paid. There is still standing a heavy balance. Govindrav will not be able to bear the weight of these responsibilities and no appoint- ment can be made until the balance is paid. Then tell me in what way do you propose to proceed? Your pro- posals will then receive consideration." Tatia asked, " To whom was the first payment about the dress made ? To Govindrav or to Fattesing? Look at the accounts, strike a balance and we shall submit proposals for its settle- ment." Account papers were obtained from the Guruji. On examining them it wras found that there was a heavy balance. Then Haripant Tatia said, " We cannot settle the whole affair to-day. Let the work be done depart- mentally. (I think) We should accept one year's income as Nazar and depute Huzras to recover the balance." A memo, was drawn up in accordance. Haripant undertook to guarantee the payment of instalments and it was settled that the dress of honour announcing the appointment be given the next day. They were working with this scheme until midnight. Then they returned under the protection of the guard, who controlled traffic at night in conform- ity with the regulations of the " Curfew " Bell-like gun.
The dress was to be given the next day, but 14 Mahals of the 28 constituting the Surat province were handed over to the Nabab. Out of the remaining 14, seven were to be resumed by the Peshvas and only seven to be handed, over to the Gaikavad. When it was given out that the 7 Mahals were to be resumed, Ravba could not undertake to convey the news, because he was the Minister-elect and he would suffer in the estimation of his chief. When therefore Manaji Gaikavad was alive one Svarupram Munshi was employed as a spy to watch and report what Govindrav was doing. He was now employed at the Bet
HISTORICAL DOCUMENTS 97
under Mallet Saheb. After Manaji's demise he lived with Govindrav as a flatterer. He said, that there existed an agreement in which the British undertook to help the Gaikavad if the Peshva or any other power interfered with his dominion. He asserted that he knew it for certain. He suggested that if this matter were referred to Mallet Saheb, the Karbharis (of Poona) would not have to say anything. He went to Mallet Saheb and informed him that " after deciding that Govindrav be appointed Gaika- vad, the (Peshva) now says that he will be given the ' requisite dress only if he hand over Navsari Mahals. You (Mallet Saheb] have agreed to help if there be any dispute about land. There is a Bahadaii (guarantee) to that effect and suggested that he should say " There is nothing to be said if it is really handed over willingly. If it be resumed forcibly that will not do."
(He added) " You say that, and he (Govindrav) will be given the dress. Unless you speak in an assertive tone, this thing will not be done." On hearing this he (Mr. Mallet) consented, went to the Peshva and asked "Has the question of the Gaikavad of Gujerat been settled or not ? " Nana asked him in return "Why do you put such a question? " He replied " There is an agreement between us (the British) and the Gaikavad and we have undertaken to help him. That we shall not allow any power to inter- fere with his territory." He (Mr. Mallet) then added "that the question be settled and he be allowed to go. This was a friendly request."
On account of this speech, the proposal of resuming Navasari was dropped. Payment to Haripant (Phadke) was settled through Krishnambhat Patvardhan, his family priests. Nana's affair (payment) was settled by Tatia (Haripant Phadke) and he arranged for the ceremony of giving the dress in a Darbar. When Govindrav started (in procession) to receive the dress, 13
i>8 HISTORICAL DOCUMENTS
he was supplied with retainers by Nilkanthrav Page (Commandant). They consisted of horses duly caparisoned and adorned with gold and silver orna- ments, camel sawars and elephant cavalry. Maloji Raje Ghorpade supplied mounted guards. About seven or eight hundred attendants were thus supplied. Govindrav had two elephants of his own. With these and with his own horses, drum bearers and flags, Govindrav was escorted to the wada (Peshva's house) and was received by Nana and Haripant. He was offered a seat near the gadi (masnad).
All those who were friendly to Govindrav were speak- ing to the Sarkar. Seeing that he was in financial difficulty they urged that he should be helped. Among them Patil Bava was very earnest. He was an intimate friend of Haripant (Phadke). When therefore Haripant referred to Dadasaheb's treason he (Sinde) replied that Govindrav only spoke about the Sardarskip. " He has done no harm to the Sarkar ^and added) that he knew it well. For the sake of the ' belly ' one may serve anybody." This was done at Ravba's suggestion and Sinde spoke to Nana accordingly. Nana therefore said that he did not entertain any unfavourable opinion on that account. When they stopped speaking the Vakil of the Mongals said " Nimbalkar was asked to look into the question of the loss his master's territory had to suffer and when you have no Sardar in Gujerat, how is it that Govindrav goes about styling himself a Raja. Why does the Sarkar not take notice of that ? He was told that at the time the treaty was framed it was proposed that the " Surat Aththavisi " province should be handed over to the Sarkar. But from the saheblok-side it was arranged that if any- body were to interfere with the treaty so arranged with Pattesing they would help him. A message was received from them (saheblok) that " if any proposals were made
HISTORICAL DOCUMENTS 99
in contravention of that treaty they would be forced to help him (the Gaikavad). There are written documents extant on the subject." At this reply Nana felt con- strained, and it was decided that Govindrav be offered the appointment. He was thereafter given the dress of honour of the Sardarship.
When he offered the dress of the Divanship to Ravba, Nana said to Govindrav that " Ravji was a hereditary servant of the Sarkar. I transfer him to you because he worked hard for you with the Sarkar. Administer your state under his counsel. Repay the debt you owe to the Sarkar. Sarkar-huzras will be told off to do that work." The dress was ceremoniously given after such remarks. After receipt of the dress Govindrav returned home and distributed alms among Brahmans and fed them with sweets. The usual reception was held and clothes pre- sented as usual. When it was known that Govindrav received ,the khillat for Baroda, many people came to see him. Some were Govindrav's friends and some were Ravba's friends or friends' friends. Many wanted to go to Baroda and many were the recommendations received. Direct refusal would have produced discontent and it was not advisable to give an opportunity to people to grumble — while living in the capital. Everyone was therefore courteously told that " he (Govindrav) has suffer- ed great loss during the recent interval. All know it well. After reaching Baroda and establishing himself, he would consider the claims of every applicant. It was not possible to arrange for their departure, because there was no cash in hand." Those therefore who wanted to 2:0
^
forthwith were asked to finance their own expenses and told that they should not reopen the question until he (Govindrav) reached his capital. After everything was settled, arrangement was to be made in accordance with demand for men and the income of the state. In this
100 HISTORICAL DOCUMENTS
manner Ravba managed the affair and informed Babasaheb (Govindrav) of what he did. Govindrav remarked that the whole state was at Ravba's disposal. " I will eat only what you would give me. You need not take my permission to manage these affairs. Still in due deference as a servant, he kept him (Govindrav) daily informed of what he was doing. They started with Madhavrav Gopal Karandikar, Krishnarav Bhat Patvardhan, Nawab Mir Kamaluddin, Maloji Raje Ghorpade's mistress, Mohan Rani, and her son, including seven or eight officers entitled to palanquins. There were besides many respectable Brahmans Sawkars, Bhats, JBhikshuks, Marathas (by caste) and Prabhus — among the latter figured Balvantrav Kashi Phanse, Vithal Yashvant Potnis, Sadashiv Laxman, Chitnis Govindrav, Bhai ' Jevlia,' Hari Rav, Mukund Jagoba Dada, Nilkanthrav Page's nephew his brother Bhikoba. There were besides many Maratha shiledars and Konknes.
When Govindrav parted from Patil Bava, Khando Avji died on the way. Govindrav was very sorry. He embraced Ravba and said " Up to this time you and Khandopant were working conjointly for me. But now I have no faithful adherent except yourself. You are my sole support, mother, sister, father, brother, kith and kin. I will submit even if you cut my throat. I and my descendants will never neglect you and your descendants. I swear (to that effect) by my father, mother and family gods."
There are many letters on record to the same effect. While Patil Bava was with them, Ravba managed to gain his good opinion, informed him of Babasaheb's difficulties and got permission to leave him. He carried on the daily expenses and refunded some part of the amount due to Bhide.
Ravba then went to Poona. Govindrav went to Baroda and raised a siege, Shake 1693.
HISTORICAL DOCUMENTS 101
After that Dadasaheb (Raghunathrav Peshva) came from Dhar. He met (Govindrav) at Harnai near Baroda. Govindrav went (in advance) to see him. Then came the British regiments and Dadasaheb returned to Surat.
On reaching Barod, Govindrav found that there was an excess of Arabs in the army. Nothing could be done without them. They ill-treated many people. If a man accidentally stumbled (on any of the Arabs) he was in- stantly killed. There was no remedy, no complaint and no appeal ! Holkor's army and Sinda's army looted (parts of the territory). There was such an anarchy in the state. The troubles caused by the chief of Bhuj (Kachch) and Nagar (Jamnagar) interfered with the recovery of the revenue of Kathiavad. People were harassed. The Peshva had promised that if there was trouble in the Baroda territory he would settle the matter. He would send an army. Yet Ravba was recalled to Poona by Rajirav II, to arrange for the repayment of the old balance due. He informed (the Peshva) of the state of affairs at Baroda but was told that "when there was trouble in Poona itself how could the Gaikavad be assisted ? You had better manage the state in the best way you yourself can." Receiving such orders, Ravba went to Banal who had influ< nee with the Sahebs. From there lie got armies from Mir Kamaluddin and Nawab saheb, and Gopalrav and removed Malh&rrdv from Kadi to Nadiad. He brought the province of Ahmedabad under control with the co-operation of the sahebs.
Then the sahebs took Cam bay and made a treaty. It was found difficult to repay the debt because the Arabs had ruined the state. The sahebs complained. They were told that "the Baroda state counted on the perpetual friendship of the Honourable Company. The Sena Khaskhel and his successors and your (English) successors
102 HISTORICAL DOCUMENTS
will live in close friendship. What a gain will it be ! " B&bftji, Sitaramji, Sakharam Divanji and Gopalrav were deputed to carry this message. Such was the friendship and such i,s now the state.
APPENDIX.
Govind Bav Gaikawad.
" Govind Rao Gaikwar was sent by his father Dummajee to support Rughonath Rao, against Mahdoo Rao, in the rebellion of 1768. Shortly after its suppression Dummajee died leaving four sons, Syajee, Govind Rao, Manikjee and Ftitih Sing. The two last were the youngest and full brothers by the third wife. Syajee was the eldest son, but by Dummajee's second wife. Govind Rao was his second son, but by the first married wife. * Govind Rao was at Poona at the
time of his father's death, a * prisoner at large ' in con- sequence of having supported Rughonath Rao. His claim to the succession, and to his father's rank of Sena Khas- kheyel, does riot in the first instance appear to have been disputed. Upon his paying a fine of upwards of twenty- three lacks of rupees, for his late delinquency, a nuzur of twenty-one lacks, and other exactions amounting in all to upwards of fifty lacks and a half, and having also agreed to pay a tribute of seven lacks and seventy-nine thousand rupees annually, to keep three thousand horse constantly in the service at Poona, and four thousand when the Peishwa was at war, the title and possessions of his father were conferred upon Govind Rao " (Grant Duff.)
" Govind Rao presented a petition to the minister, praying to be acknowledged by the Peishwa as regent of the Gaekwar possessions. His claim was just, but Mannajee Rao, was by paying a Nuzur * * confirmed in his usurpation. Mahadajee Sindia, however, espoused the cause of Govind Rao and procured a repeal of Mannajee's appointment, upon which Mannajee applied
104 APPENDIX
to the Bombay Government, claiming its protection on the terms of the treaty conducted with General Goddard by Tulip Sing. As the treaty in question was superseded by that of Salbye, the English declined all interference on that ground, * ' but they were induced to recommend, through Mr. Malet, that some friendly compromise should be accepted. ' Nana Eurnuwees concurred in this opinion, but Mahadajee Sindia and the partizans of Govind Rao, objected to any compromise. The question was, however, at once set at rest by the death of Mannajee about 1st August 1793. Still Govind Rao found it difficult to obtain permission to quit the Peishwa's capital. The ministers, without any regard to the exorbitant exactions already imposed on himself and his family, obliged Govind Rao to si^n an agreement confirming the
O ^J ^—' O
former stipulations, and ceding to the Peishwa the Gaekwar's share of the districts south of the Taptee, formerly included in the cessions to the Company in 1780 together with his proportion of the customs of Surat ; but there being no service performed by the Peishwa, towards the Gaekwar, beyond the mere confirmation of his rights as regent, the British Government objected to the cession as a dismemberment of the Baroda territory, contrary to the stipulations of the treaty of Salbye. The validity of this objection was immediately admitted by Nana Eurnu- wees, the instrument of cession was restored, and Govind Rao at last set out to assume his office, as undisputed regent at Baroda, on the 19th December, 1793. >M
Khando Ballal Chitnis.
" Khando Ballal was present at the council of the principal people assembled at Raigad, and declared Raja- Ram as the regent, after Sambhaji's death.
1 Grant Duff, Vol. Ill, pp. 94-U5.
APPENDIX 105
" He took a very active part in protecting Rajaram during his flight to Ginjee in disguise. On one occasion the slight circumstance of having Rajaram's feet washed by a servant at first attracted attention. The wary observation of Khando Ballal discovered that there was a plan for arresting the whole party, and to disappoint the scheme, Khando Ballal with the majority of the party remained cooking their victuals, while Raja- Ram and some others went off and escaped. Khando Ballal (Chitnis) and his companions were taken, as had been foreseen : they were examined, confined and beaten to extort con- fession but on their firmly persisting in a preconcerted story and denying all knowledge of any fugitives from Maharashtra, they were released, and finally joined Rajaram, who with others, had reached Ginjee in safety."1 Such was the fidelity of Khando Ballal, that he was held in great esteem.
Prayagji Prabhu.
" The fort which occupies the summit of a very steep hill of moderate height, the defence consisting of a sheer scrap of over forty feet topped by a stone wall, was defended by Prayagji Prabhu Havildar, who had been reared in the service of Shivaji. He vigorously opposed the Moghals and disputed every foot of ground as they pushed forward their advanced posts. As soon as they began to gain any part of the hill, he withdrew his troops into the fort and rolled huge stones from the rock above, which did great execution, and, until they threw up cover, were as destructive as artillery. In spite of Prayag- ji's efforts the blockade was completed ! "
" Prayagji, the Maratha commandant, was buried in the ruins caused by the first explosion close to a temple dedicated to the goddess Bhavani, but was afterwards
1 Grant Duff, Vol. I, p. 365. * Grant Duff, Vol. I, pp. 306, 369.
14
lOb APPENDIX
dug out alive. His escape was considered a lucky omen and under other circumstances might have done much to inspirit the garrison to prolong the defence."1
Raoji Appaji, Babaji Appaji, Sitaram Raoji, Vithalrav Babaji and Bhaskarrav Vithal the descendants of Prayagji were Ministers of Baroda. The present scion is Shrimat Dada Saheb alias Ramchandra Vithalrav Phanse, Khasgivale, the hereditary Talukdar of Vithalgad in Kathiawad.
Rajaram Maharaja.
" Ascends the throne, but some of the Marathas, jeal- ous of the right of the elder branch, do not admit that Rajaram ever sat on the throne. They say that he sat on the gadi, or cushion, merely as regent, holding the powers of the State in trust for his nephew Shahu (Shao) then a prisoner in the Moghul camp."2
Ravji Appaji.
(Spelt Rowjee Appajee in Grant Duff' s History.) " He (the rebel Kanhojee Rao) was deposed by a party headed by Rowjee Appajee, a Purvoe (Prabhu) who was the principal minister of the late Govind-Rao. Rowjee the minister in power and Kanhojee (the deposed authority) made offers to the Bombay Government. Rowjee was supported by his brother Babajee. Rowjee's party was the strongest in Baroda. * * * The minister immediately proposed to the Bombay Government to subsidize five battalions. Major Alexander Walker, who was sent as the officer in command of the detachment, was instructed to settle the disturbance by amicable mediation, if possible ; otherwise, he was to act with Babajee in suppressing the rebellion of Mulhar Rao. * * * Although Rowjee Appajee
1 Bombay Gazetteer, Vol. XIX, p. 251. » Grant Duff, Vol. I, p. 371.
APPENDIX 107
was anxious for power, and jealous of authority (of the State), he gladly solicited support when insurrections were to be suppressed, the Government to be strengthened, its expenses to be reduced, money to be raised, and debt to be reduced."
" The ministry was chiefly composed of a set of Purvoes, (Prabhus) a cast (sic) frequently remarkable for great fidelity and bravery, and when poor, they are often frugal to parsimony, but it may be observed of the Purvoes (Prabhus) that wherever they attain power, and can command wealth they are lavish and improvident. The head of this ministry was Kowjee Appajee who died in July, 1803."1
Sakharam Bapu.
" Sukaram Bhugwunt Bhokeel, Koolkurnee of Hewra, and the descendant of Puntojee Gopinath, who betrayed Afzool Khan into the hands of Sivajee, was the principal minister at the period when the British Government first took an active part in the politics of the Poona Dar- bar, and is best known by his familiar name Sakaram Bappoo."
" It is necessary to state that Sukaram Bappoo was ori- ginally concerned in Ragoba's conspiracy against the liberty, though not the life, of Narrain-Rao. After the murder, as it was deemed by the ministers generally, a measure of prudence to affect a disbelief of K/ugonath's participation, of course Sukaram Bappoo had stronger reasons than any of them, for professing that opinion."
'* But Sukaram's death scene was not closed in Pertab- gurh, the cautious jealousy of jSana Furnuwees removed him secretly from one place to another to prevent rescue or insurrection, and once great Sukaram Bappoo perished miserably in Raigurh."2
Grant Duff, Vol. III. » Grant Duff, Vol. II, p. 397.
108 APPENDIX
Sakharam Hari.
" His friend (Raghunathrav Peshva's) Sakharam Hari (Sukaram Hurry) who fought by his side, enabled him to defend himself until rescued by his nephew."1
(2) " A body of Arabs, whom he had lately entertain- ed, refused to fight without pay, Manajee Phakray and Sakharam Hari, two of his best officers, were wounded in the commencement."2
(3) " The unshaken constancy of Sakharam Hari to his master Raghoba deserved a better fate. He was chained in irons so heavy that, although a very powerful man, he could scarcely lift them ; his food and water were insuffi- cient to allay his hunger or to quench his thirst ; but he survived fourteen months ; and when so emaciated that he could not rise, — " My strength is gone and my life is going," said the dying enthusiast, " but when voice and breath fail, my flesh and bones shall still shout Raghunath-Rav ! Raghunath-Rav ! "
" Sakharam Hari was a Prabhu and is not a singular instance of the unshaken fidelity of that class in the history of Maharashtra."3
Satara.
The fort of Satara occupies the summit of a hill of moderate height, but very steep ; its defences consist of a scrap of upwards of forty feet in perpendicular black rock, on the top of which there is a stone wall. It was defended by Pryagjee Purvoe (Prayagji Prabhu), Havildar, who had been reared in the service of Shivajee. He vigorous- ly opposed the Moghuls and disputed every foot of ground as they pushed forward their advanced posts. As soon as they began to gain any part of the hill, he withdrew
1 Grant Duff, Vol. II, p. 175. s Grant Duff, Vol. II, p. 287.
1 Grant Duff, Vol. II, p. 353.
APPENDIX 109
his troops into the fort, and rolled down huge stones from the rock above, which did great execution, and until they could throw up cover, were as destructive as artillery. The blockade, however, was complete, no com- munication could be held with the country, and as the small stock of grain in the garrison was soon exhausted, the besieged must have been compelled to surrender ; * * * The divisions on the west and south faces erected batteries, but a grand attack was directed against the North-East angle which assumes nearly the shape of a tower and is one of the strongest points, the rock being forty-two feet high, and the bastion, now on the top of it, consists of twenty-five feet of masonry, making a total height of sixty-seven feet. Turbeeut Khan under- took to mine this ansrle and at the end of four months
\.j
and a half had completed two mines. So confident were the Moghuls of success that the storming party was ready formed but concealed, as much as possible, under the brow of the hill from the view of the garrison. Aurungzebe was invited to view the spectacle, and a stratagem was formed to draw all the garrison towards the bastion, by the Emperor's moving off from that side in grand procession, so that when the match was ready to be applied, hundreds of Mahrattas, attracted by his splendid retinue, crowded to the rampart, among others Prayagjee the commandant. The first mine was fired, it burst several fissures in the rock, and occasioned so violent a concussion, that a great part of the masonry was thrown inwards, and crushed many of the garrison in its ruins. The stor £«iing party, in their eagerness, advanced nearer, the match was applied to the train of the second and larger mine, but being improperly constructed, it burst outwards with a dreadful explosion and upwards of two thousand of the Moghuls are said to have been destroyed on the spot. Prayagji, the Mahratta commandant, wi
110 APPENDIX
buried in the ruins by the first explosion, close to a temple dedicated to the goddess Bhowanee, but was afterwards dug out alive. His escape was considered a happy omen and under other circumstances might have been of much consequence in animating the Hindu garrison to prolong the defence. * * Satara surrendered about the middle of April, 1700."1
Sindia.
"The result left Sindia all-powerful in Hindoostan,but he was conscious of his unpopularity in the Deccan, and strove to overcome it. With this view he had, on his arrival at Poona, espoused the cause of Govind Rao Gaekwar in a manner which will be hereafter ex- plained."2
Sitaram Ravji.
"Having previously adopted his nephew Seetaram Rowjee as his son, he was, with the consent of the resi- dent, appointed successor (to Rowji Appaji)."3
Grant Duff, Vol. I, pp. 393-4. * Grant Dnff, Vol. I, p. 84.
s Grant Duff, Vol. Ill, p. 367.
INDEX AND GLOSSARY.
A PAGE.
Abhang ... ... ... ... 43
Ahmedabad ... ... ... 63, 68, 101
Ajam — It is equivalent to " Mr."
Akalkot ... ... ... ... 14-
Athandit Laxmi Alankrit — Favoured of the Goddess of
Wealth (an official form for addressing letters). Akle ... ... ... ... 29,40
Ambaidas Parakh ... ... ... ... 68
Amritrav Avji Tambekar ... ... ... 37
Anaji Vasudev ... ... ... ... 21
Anandibai — The wife of Raghunath Rav Peshva who caused
her nephew Narayan Rav to be murdered by Sumer Singh 15, 16 A nandrav Maharaja ... ... 35, 43, 44-, 45, 46, 52, 55, 63,
67, 71, 73, 76 Anant ... ... ... ... 27
Andoba Anna — alias Andopant ... ... 37, 83, 84, 85
Andopant ... ... ... ... 37
Angapur ... ... ... ... 89
Anna Bhau ... ... ... ... 4
Antaji Prayag ... ... ... 22, 23, 26, 85
Antaji Vasudev .... ... ... ... 20, 21
Appaji — The father of Ravji Appaji — the Minister of
Baroda ... ... ... ... 2
Appajirav ... ... ... ... S3
Arabs ... ... ... ... 101
Aurangzeb ... ... ... 1,37,39,86
Avji ... ... ... ... 87
B
Baba Marathe ... ... ... ... 63, 71
Babaji Naik ... ... ... ... 14
11$ INDEX AND GLOSSARY
PAGE.
Babaji Saheb— alias Babaii Appaii 2. 8. 33. 36. 40. 42. 43. 44, 45,
46, 49, 50, 51, 52, 53, 54, 55,
56, 63, 65, 66, 67, 71, 74, 90, 100, 102
Babaji Vi thai ... ... ... ... 68
Babasaheb — alias Govindrav Gaikavad.
Baburav Krishna ... ... ... ... 24
Baburav Phadnis ... ... ... ... 86
Baburav Prayag ... ... ... ... 2
Baglan ... ... ... ... 81
Bahadari — (guarantee) ... ... ... 74
Bahadarivallas (people who received British guarantees) ... 72 Bai — a respectful suffix for ladies.
Bajaba Bapuji — a Kdrkunov clerk of the Minister's family... 24, 26 Bajirav Peshva ... ... ... 15,74,89,101
BaksJii — a general or commander-in-chief.
Balaji ..." .. ... ... 7,81
Balaji Narayan Kanhere ... ... ... 33
Balaji Ramchandra Basvant ... ... ... 81
Balaji Yamaji ... ... ... ... 3
Balvantrav Kashi ... ... ... ... 100
Bambli ... ... ... ... 39
Bande ... ... ... 76, 77, 78, 79
Bandhuji ... ... ... ... 53
Bapu ... ... 51,65,66,74
Bapu Bhau ... ... ... 85
Bapu Mairal ... ... ... ... 51
Baria .. ... ... ... 12
Baroda ... 9,10,35,53,56,65,67,68,71,91,93,101
Bassein ... ... ... ... 9
Basvant ... ... ... ... 81
Beder ... ... ... ... 4
Bel-bhandar — The trifoliate leaf of bel (JEgle marmelos) and powdered turmeric held in hand while swearing. It is
considered very sacred, a firmly binding form ... 83
Benares ... ... ... ... 66
Berje ... ... ... 45
Bhadrapad — sixth month of the Hindu calendar.
INDEX AND GLOSSARY 113
PAGE.
Bhai .Tivba ... ... ... ... 100
Bhairav ... ... ... ... 40,42
Bhaskar Appaji ... ... ... ... 2
Bhaskar Chimnaji ... ... ... ... 2
Bhaskar Jyoti ... ... ... 20,27,40,86
Bhaskarrav Vithal ... ... 24, 26, 38, 43, 64, 65, 70, 72
v Mats ... ... ... "... 100
Bhau Puranik ... ... ... 64,71,74
Bhau Tambekar ... ... ... ... 75
Bhavanji Ramji Meheta ... ... ... 50
Bhavani Shankar Haibatrav ... ... ... 27
Bhavnagar ... ... ... ... 36
Bhide ... ... ... 7,9,17,90
Bhikoba ... ... ... ... 100
£Aiks/nih — Begging Brahmans ... ... ... 100
Bhils ... ... ... ... 9
Bhima ... ... ... ... 75
Bhor ... ... ... . ... 75
Bhuj ... .. ... ... 101
Bijapur ... ... ... ... 1, 75
Bin — son of, indicates that in A bin B ; A is the son of B.
Boharis — merchants ... ... ... ... 17
Bombay ... ... 63, 64, 65, 66, 71, 72, 90
Bombay Government ... ... ... ... 35, 67
Borghat ... ... ... ... 90-
Botane ... ... ... ... 68
British 16
•
Broach ... ... ... ... 5
Budhalen — A vessel made of leather to hold oil or ghi. It has no;v become nearly obsolete owing to the introduc- tion of tin-cases like those containing kerosine oil. In olden days the leather vessels were so large as to hold a man in a sitting posture, as in the story of AH Bal>a and Forty thieves.
Calcutta ... ... ... ... ... 64
Cambay ... ... ... ... 10,101
15
114 INDEX AND GLOSSARY
PAGE.
Chaitra — First month of the Hindu calendar.
Chamharpenda — A tax in kind.
CJiandi — Gram-food for horses ... ... 86
Chanraish ... ... ... gg
CkJiatrapati — Literally, Lord of the Umbrella, King.
Chilo Patel ... ... ... 83
Chimnaji Appaji ... ... ... 2, 4, 16
Chimnaji Jyoti ... ... 20,25,86,89,91
Chinchner ... ... ... 2 86
Chitnis — Secretary.
Colonel Saheb ... . ... 65 66 71
Comorin, Cape ... ... ... jg
Company— (the East India) ... 35, 63, 66, 67, 68, 70, 75
D
Dabhade ... ... ... 77j 78> 79
Dabhai ... ... ... 64 77
Dabod i n
... >•
Dadasaheb Gaikwad . 74
• • • IT?
Dadasaheb Peshwa— alias Raghunathrav ... 13,14, 15, 16, 77,90,
91, 92, 98, 101 Daftars — Records.
Dskor -. ... ... 10, 65, 66
Damaji Gaikavad ... ... 2, 3, 77, 78, 79, 81, 82, 87
Darak — here, it means Private Minister's office ... 7Q
Darakdar — Holder of hereditary rites.
Darbar — The court of assembly of rulers in the state.
Darlaris ... ... ... gg
Dasturi — bribe — (literally ' usual payment ') ... 55
Daulatrav Sinde c/t
• • • OT?
Davadi ... ... ... 4
Layale—a, tax in kind.
Deccan ... ... ... j
Dehegao or Degaum ... ... ... ...2,39,86
Delhi - ... ... 75,86
Dervadital «Q
•• • • • • Oa
Desh.
INDEX AND GLOSSARY 1'15
PAGE. Dhakji DSdaji ... ... .. 63,64,71
Dhar ... ... ... ... 15
Dharna (Men employed for sitting in front of debtors for the recovery of the amount due. Socially it is con- sidered a sign of " lowering " the position of the gentle- man who is thus pestered) ... ... ... 89
Dhavadsi ... ... ... ... 30
Divanship (Ministership) ... ... ... 69
Duncan, Jonathan ... ... ... ... 35
£
Elphinstone ... ... ... ... 63, 67
English Bahadur ... ... 43, 44, 45, 55, 68, 69, 74, 90
F
Fadnavis — A public officer, the Keeper of the Registers, etc. By him were issued all grants, sanads, and orders, and to him were rendered all accounts from the other departments. Fattesing Bhosle ... ... ... ... 19
Fattesingrav ... ... 2, P, 4, 5, 6, 9, 11, 56, 63, 73,
74, 81, 82, 87, 91, 92, 95, 96
G
Gadakaris — Guards of the forts ... 33 39 35 Gadi — musnud, throne.
Gaikavad ... 12, 37, 53, 56, 63, 94, 95, 97, 99
Ganapati — Ganesh ... ... .., 4,3
Ganesh ... ... 39
Ganesh Pant Bhau Oze ... 72 75
Gangabai 1 4.
• • •
Gangadhar Appaji ... ... ... 2
Gangadhar Jyoti ... ... 20,27, 28, 29, 40, 86
Gangadhar Shastri ... ... ,y, 51, 63,65,71,75
Ganpatrav Gaikwad ... ... ... 73 75
116 INDEX AND GLOSSARY
PAGK.
Gardi — guards.
Gaunde ... ... ... ... 39
General Saheb ... ... ... ... 67
Ghanadevi ... ... ... ... 44
Ghat ... ... ... ... 41
Godavari ... ... ... ... 75
Gokul ... ... ... 82
Gopal Krishna Devdhar ... ... ... 75
Gopal Pant ... ... ... 64,72,87
Gopalrav Mairal ... ... ... "... 75
Gosavis ... ... ... ... 17
Governor-General ... ... ... ... 52, 53
Govind Khanderav Chitnis — a member of the family of
Balaji Avaji, the Secretary of Shivaji ... ... 15
Govindrav Gaikwad — "After Narrain Rao's (Narayan Rav's) murder and Rugoba's (Raghoba's) accession to the office of Peishwa (Peshva) Govind Rao's claim was again recognised and Govind Rao was invested as Sena Khaskhel and immediately set off for Guzerat in order to endeavour to wrest the gevernment from Futeh Sing (Fattesing). From that time the two brothers had been in a state of constant warfare." Grant Duff.
Govindrav died in September, 1800—2, 3, 4, 5, 7,9, 10, 11, 12,
13, 16, 17, 18, 67, 69, 73, 74, 81, 82, S3, 87, 89, 91,
92, 93, «5, 96, 97, 99, 100, 101.
Govindrav Moreshwar ... ... ... 33
Govindrav Pandurang Rode ... ... ... 72
Govind Vishvanath ... ... ... 83, 93
Grant Duff ... ... ... ... M, 2
Grant Saheb ... ... ... ... 67
Gujerat ... ... 3,4, 5, 7, 11, 15, 17,
67,75, 77,81,87,89, 95, 97.
Gupte, G. R. ... .. ... ... 43
Guru — Teacher ... ... ... ... 66
Gwalior ... ... ... ... 13,82
INDEX AND GLOSSARY 117
H
PAGE.
Hari Bhakti ... ... ... ... 68
Haripant Phadke ... 14,15,17,83,90,91,92,93,96,98
Hari Rav ... ... ... ... 100
Harnai ... ... ... ... 101
Harshanidhan — Acme of delight (a term of respectability
applied to high personages).
Havaldar ... ... ... ... 39
Haveli ,. ... ... ... 21
Himmat Bahadur — literally, the courageous ... ... 65
Hindustan ... ... ... ... 4, 5, 11
Holkar ... ... ... . ... 81,91
Ron — a particular gold coin,
Jfujras — menials serving in palaces and under hi^h officers 78
Hundis ... ... ... .... ... 83
Huzur — His Majesty; the Government; the Court.
I
Inam — freehold.
Inamdar — owner of a freehold.
Inampatra — the document granting a freehold.
Istur Phakda ... ... ... ... 90
J Jagoba Dada ... ... ... ... 100
Jahagir — A grant of land from Government; a free-hold.
•iaitajar ... ... ... ... 89
Jamnagar ... ... ... ... 101
Jasuds — a messenger ; courier runner.
Jhalawad ... ... ... ... 46
Jingars — artisans working in saddlery, etc. ... ... 17
Jyoti Anant ... 19,20,22,24,27,28,31,33,34,40,86
Jyoti Prayag — the father of Ravji Appaji and Babaji
Appaji — the Ministers of Baroda ... ... 2
Kabani Mahal ... ... .... ... 71
Kachch 101
118 INDEX AND GLOSSARY
PAGE.
Kadakane — cakes made of a mixture of certain flours ... 42
Kadi ... ... ... 36, 64, 65, 66, 101
Kalambe ... 19, 20, 21, 22, 24, 26, 27, 28, 29,
31, 34, 37, 38, 39, 40, 41, 42, 43
Kamadi ... ... ... ... 39
Kamali ... ... ... ... 44
Kamaluddin Husain .. ... ... ... 36
Kamavis — The business of collecting the revenue (2) the
amount ; the revenue.
Kamavisdar — Revenue collector ... ... ... 45
Kanhoji Gaikavad ... ... ... ... 82
Karad ... ... ... ... 21
Karbhari — Manager ... ... ... 71, 79, 89
Karkun — writer.
Karli ... ... ... ... 43
Kashirav Anant ... ... ... ... 86
Kathas — religious recitations and discourse ... ... 41
Kathiawar ... ... ... ... 46, 101
Kedarji GaikavSd ... ... ... ... 81
K/ialsa — Land held immediately from Government or of
which the State is the sole proprietor.
Khambayat — Cambay ... ... ... 35
Khanderav Maharaja ... ... ... 73, 75
Khando Avji or Khaudoba 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 16, 18, 82, 89,
90, 100.
Khandopant — alias Khando Avji.
Kharsikar ... ... ... ... 2, 4
Khasgi Darak — Private ministership ... ... 74
Khasgivale ... ... ... 1,17,70,71
Khillat — dress of honour, or of appointment ... ... 2, 3, 4
Kolis — a forest tribe .. ... ... ... 9,12
Kolvan ... ... ... ... 82
Konkan ... ... ... ... 38
Konkani — Residents of the Konkan ... ... 100
Koregav ... ... ... ... 37; 90
Krishna ji Anant ... .. ... ... 30
Krishnaji Jagannath ... ... ... ... 30
Krishnambhat Patvardhan ... ... 97
INDEX AND GLOSSARY 119
PAGE.
Krishnarav Ballal ... ... ... ... 14
Krishnarav Bhagvant ... ... 64,71,72
Kudal ... ... ... .. 39,65
Kullab — Revenue collections of all sorts. failkariii — Village accountant.
Kimkum — A powder prepared from turmeric coloured with
lime, applied by women to the forehead as a sign of happy life — either as a married or unmarried individual. Widows are not allowed to do so.
Kushal Chand ... ... ... ... 68
Kushalgad ... ... ... ... 12
L
LaM — one hundred thousand (1,00,000).
Lalhe ... ... ... ... 33
Laxman Anant ... ... ... ... 86
Lingapa ... ... ... ... 84
Lohagad ... ... ... 81
M
Madhavrav Ballal ... ... ... 86
Madhavrav Gopal Karmarkar ... ... 100
Madhavrav Narayan Peshva ... 14, 20, 27, 29, 84, 40, 91
Madhavrav I. Peshva ... ... ... 89
Madhavrav Prayag ... ... 2
Mahadji Keshav ... ... ... 29
Mahadji Sinde — the founder of the Gwalior State, the
conqueror of Delhi ... ... 4, 5, 6, 7, 10, 13
Mahal — District or Subdivision.
Mahikatha ... ... 46 74
Mahipatrav ... ... ... 86
Mairal Narayan ... ... 68
Makarpura ... ... 73
Malhar Prayag ... ... 2
Malhar Rav ... ... ... 74 76
Mallet Saheb ... ... ..t 97
Maloji Ghorpade ... ... .-.-; 4,92,98,100
120 INDEX AND GLOSSARY
PAGE. Malva ... ... ... ... 67,81
Mama — maternal uncle. Here it is used as a synonym
for Trimbakrav — who was the maternal uncle of the
Peshva.
Mamlat — An employment under Government especially for the collection of revenues and the government of the district or a subdivision,
Mamledar ... ... ... ... 87,91
Manaji Gaikavad ... ... ... 73,87,93,96,97
Manaji Plrakde ... ... ... ... 92
Mangal Sukhidas ... ... ... ... 68
Manglai ... ... ... ... 1, 86
ManTtari — The person entitled to certain honours and pre- sents rendered at courts, councils, festivals, village assemblies, etc.
Mantri — A king's counsellor or minister : A counsellor or adviser in general. One of the eight ministers attendant, upon a king.
Marathas by caste ... ... ... ... 83
Maruti ... ... ... ... 40
Masnad — Throne.
Mate ... ... ... ... 68
Mauje — At or in the village of, prefixed in notes, etc., to the
name of any village mentioned. Example Mauje
Kalambe.
Mavali ... ... ... ... ... 1
Mavats ... ... ... ... ... 9,85
Mavales — Residents of the valley known as Mavals — or the
valleys of the Sahyadri Mountains
Mevasis or Mawaties ... ... ... ... 46,81
Mevat — An individual of a tribe inhabiting the province of
Me vat. They are or were robbers.
Mewatis ... ... ... ... 46
Mir Kamaluddin ... ... ... ... 100
Moghals ... ... ... 14,85,98
Moghias ... ... ... ... 51
Mohan Ram 100
INDEX AND GLOSSARY 121
Mokasa — Villages or lands or a shore, the rule over them, and revenue arising from them, granted on condition of military
service or in inam (free-hold) (2) The share of the State or
Government in the rule over a village and in the revenue arising from it : also a village or the portion of it ruled by the State, and yielding its revenue to it.
Monglai — The Government of the Mongals or the dues thereof.
Moroba Dad a ... ... ... ... 14
Mudi (Cakes of sort) ... ... ... 42
Mukhya Pradhan — Chief minister.
Mulkf (civil) ... ... ... ... 91
Mnlukhgiri
Murir Rav Gaikavad . . . ... ... ... 82
Mntalik — Deputy ... ... ... ... 63
Muzumdar ... ... ... .... 68
N
Nadiad ... ... ... ... 36, 101
Nagar Expedition ... ... ... ... 63,87
Nagawane ... ... ... ... 39
Nagdi ... ... ... ... 39
Nagpur ... ... 14
Nagpur Bhosle
Naik ... ... ... 7,8,9,90
Namjad — Honourable ; celebrated.
Nana ... ... 91,92,94,95,97,98,99
Nana Peshva ... ... ... ... 81, 86
Nana Phadnis ... ... ... 9, 14, 15, 16, 17, 82
Narapali — King.
Narayan Ballal ... ... 13, 14, 16
Narayan Jasud ... 84
Narayan Prayag ... ... ... ... 2
Narayan Sitaram .... ... ... ... 25
Narbada ... .... ...10,15,90
NaroShripat ... ... ... ... 83,93
Nasik ... ... ... ... 9,74
Navani ... ... ... ... ... 37
Navasari ... ... ... ... 90,97
Navji Shankar Haibatrav ... ... ... 24
16
122 INDEX AND GLOSSARY
Nawab of Shahajira
Nawab Rukam Daula
Naravane ... ... ... ... 39
Nazar — Present offered to the king or Ruler, in cash
or kin^. Nemnnk — Cash allowance ... ... ... 45
Nigdi ... ... ... ... ... 39
Nijagal ...
Nilkanthrav Page — 'Neelkunta Rao' (Nilkanthrav) Prabhu and 'Mallojee Ghorepuray' (Malloji Ghorpade) two chiefs of their party (Nana's) had a few minutes to prepare for defence ; they repulsed the troops sent to apprehend them, and at the head of a few followers, made good their retreat from Poona to the strong range of hills south of the Nelra (Nira) (Grant Duff, Vol. Ill, p. 140) 92, 98, 100
Nimbakrav ... ... ... ... 98
Nimbgav ... ... ... ... 4
Nizam ... ... ... ... ... 13,14
P
Paga — Cavalry ... ... ... ... 49
Palgate ... ... ... ... ... 38
Pant — A prefix of honour before each of the designations of the eight ministers of Shivaji — such as Pant Pradhan, Pant Amatya, Pant Pratinidhi, etc. (2) An affix to the name of a Brahman or sometimes a Prabhu, who not having studied the shastras employs himself in accounts and writing. Pant Pradhan ... ... ... 27
Panvel ... ... ... ... ... 87
Parali ... ... ... ... 1,19,21,22,24,26
31, 33, 34, 37, 85. Parasnis ... ... ... ... ... 68
Parashuram Pandit Pratinidhi ... ... ... 20,21
Patil — The chief Officer of a village.
Patil Bava (Mahadji Sindia) 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 11, 12, 13,
14, 15, 16, 89, 91, 98, 100 Pattan 87
INDEX AND GLOSSARY 123
Payagad ... ... ... ... 5, 10, 11
Peshva — The head minister of the Maratha Empire, who •
subsequently usurped the powers of his sovereign 4, 5, 13, 33, 39,
40, 75, 77, 81, 86, 90: 92, 97, 101 Petlavad ... ... ... ... 10
Phadnis ... ... ... ... 72
Phanse ... ... ... ..." 85
Pilajirav GaikavatT ... ... ... ... 75,76
Poona ... 3, 6, 10, 11, 12, 16, 20, 27, 39, 63,
71, 74, 77,81, 82, 90, 92, 100 Potdar — Cashier .. ... ... ... 68
Prabhus — A caste of literary and administrative officers 100
Pranl — A district.
Prayag Bava (Annant) ... 1,2,19,20,22,26,37,38,39,
40, 85, 86 Purandar ... ... ... ... 14, 15
Q
Queen Sarkar ... ... ... 39
R
Raghoba Dada — the Peshva known also as Raghunath Rao.
Raghoji Patil ... ... ... ...83,84,85
Raghunath Laxman ... ... ... 75
Raghunathrav Dhayabar ... ... ... 72
Raghunathrav Peshva ... ... ... 13, 77
Raigav ... ... ... ... 39
Raises — Respectable people.
Raja — Ruler — King.
Rajaram Saheb ... ... 2, 15, 20, 22, 31, 34, 86
Rajas/tri — A term of courtesy for a person, generally used in
letters and notes. Rajmanya — Worthy to be revered or honoured by kings ;
excellent, exalted, eminent. This word is much used in
letters, as an epithet of honour to the person addressed
or mentioned.
124
Rakhmaji Appaji — alias Babaji Appaji
Rakamaji Jyoti ... ... ... ...27,40,86
Ramabai Saheb — The wife of iMadhav Rav I, Poshva. She
burnt herself on her husband's pyre ... ... ]3
Ramchandra Basvant... ... ... 81
Ramchandra Yashvant ... ... 81
Ram Shastri ... ... ... ... 17
Ranas ... ... ... ... ... 9
Easgram Bhavani Joshi ... ... ... 50
Rastes ... ... ... .. ... 38
Ravji Appaji (Ravba) 2, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 17, 18, 35, 36,
40, 42, 52, 67, 69, 71, 74, 82, 83, 86, 87, 89, 90, 91, 92, 94, 95, 99, 100
Ravji Malhar ... ... ... ... 74
Ravsaheb Peshva ... ... ... ... 4
Residency of Baroda ... ... ... ... 24
Resident ... ... ... ... ... 63
Rukhum Daula 14
Sadashiv Laxman ... ... ... ... 100
Sadashiv Narayan Abhang
Sadashiv Rav Laxman Chitnis ... ... ... 15
Sadhali ... ... ... ... ... 68
Saheblok (Europeans) ... ... ... 92,98,101
Sakharam Bapu Bokil... 14, 15, 17, 86
Sakharam Chimnaji ... ... ... ... 2, 71
Sakharam Divanji ... ... ... ... 102
Sakharam Hari Gupte ... ... ... 16
Samal Buhar ... ... ... ... 68
Sambhaji Maharaja ... ... ... ... 86
Sfimsthanili — One that enjoys a royal city or town mad« over
to him for his maintenance. Samvat — The era of Vikramaditya.
Sanad — A sealed paper of authority commanding, autho- rizing, appointing or granting free-holds.
Saidarship — The office or duty of a Sardar, chiefship, rule, etc. Sardeshmukhi — A levy from tne Rayyets of ten rupees for every hundred levied by the Government.
INDEX AND GLOSSARY 125
Sarkar— Government ... ... 2, 64, 70, 78, 79, 87
Satara ... ... ...1,2,15,22,24,25,26,
2'-), 33, 34, 39, 40, 41, 42, 77, 78, 85 Sati — A wife burning herself on the pyre of her husband.
A virtuous wife, one of unimpeachable chastity. Savant ... ... ... ... ... 83, 85
Sawkars — Rich merchants; money lenders ... ... 77
Sayajirav... ... ... ... 63, 70, 71, 72, 73,
75, 76, 82, 87 Sayajirav Maharaja ... ... ... ... 2. 63
Renapati — Commander-in-Chief ... ... ... 77, 78
Senor ... ... ... ... ... 68
Shahaji Bhosle ... ... ... ... 14
Shahajira... ... ... ... ... 19
Shahu Maharaja ... ... ... 20,27,28,22
Shahunagar ... ... ... ... 2
Shake — The era of Shalivahan. •
Shlbandi — Civil guards ... ... ... 36, 44
Skhnavis — Keeper of the Roya1 Seal ... . . 49
Shiledar — A horse-soldier who provides his own horse to the cavalry as opposed to Bargir or one who serves on a charger supplied by another. Bargir is the origin of the word borgi in Bengal, men who were the terror of part of this province. Whose baigir are you ? means, whose sawar are you. The man would say Bhonsla's, Holkar's or Sindia's as the case. Shilekvadi ... ... ... 39
Shivaji Maharaja .. ... ... ... 1, 8">
Shri Hari — God Hari.
S/trimant — Literally, of fortune and illustrious station that possesses wealth and greatness, opulent, honourable, noble, etc., applied to the Peshvas in the last stage of the Maratha Empire after their usurpation of the powers of the Maharaja of Satara. Shripatrav ... ... ... ... 79
Sinde ... ... ...; ... 5,6,7,10,11,12,
81, 82, 90, 98 Sitaram Bhaskar ... ... ... ... 25, 28
126 INDEX AND GLOSSARY
Sitaram Chimnaji ... ... ... 20,27,4-0,102
Sitaram Ravji 2, 33, 44, 52, 54, 67, 68, 69, 71
Sonevadi ... ... ... ... 44,45
Songad 11, 16, 39, 87
Sravan — Fifth month of the Hindu calendar.
Stewart ... ... ... ... 90
Subhedar — Commandant in charge of a division of horse
composed of 625 men (Grant Duff, Vol. I, p. 227). Sumant — One of the eight ministers of Shivaji. Sumersing ... ... ... ... 13
Surat ... ... ... 77,90,98
Svarupram Munshi ... ... ... ... 96
$wami — Master, lord, king ; like Prabhu in the west of
India, Babn in Bengal, Lala in U. P., Shet in Gujerat,
and Saheb in British India. Swaraj — Shivaji's original conquest. His own Government.
T
Tagade — Dunners ... .... 78
Takht— Throne ... ... ... 77
Talegav ... 77,90 Talwar Bahadar — Brave (from talvar, a sword).
Tambegav ... 16,37
Tambekar ... ... ... 4, 82, QO
Tarabai Saheb ... 20,22
Tatia ... 93,94 Tembi — Diosjperos, a fruit tree.
Thakurdas ... ... ... ... 9
Thakur Bava.
Thakur of Kushalgar.
Thanedar — An officer in charge of a post or station,
usually under the civil authority.
Trimbakrav Mama ... ... ... ... 14
U
Ujjain ... 12
Umiashankar ... ... ... ...63, 64, 71
INDEX AND GLOSSARY 127
Vadan ... ... ... ... ... 39
Vaghob ... ... ... ... ... 6
Vaghod District
Vakil — Agent
Vanavale... ... ... ... ... 82
Vangikar >.. ... ... ... 2, 4
Varabai ... ... ... ... ... 91
Faratvalas — People who carry bills of demand due from
debtors ... ... ... 77
Vena ... ... ... ... ... 40
Veneshvar ... ... ... ... 41
Veniram Adit ram ... ... ... ...64,72,75
Verul ... ... ... ... ... 15
Visarvada ... ... ... ... 76
Vithal Khanderav Tambekar ... ... ... 72
VithalravBabaji ... 42,63,64,70,71,72,74
Vithalrav Devaji ... ... ... 63,64,71,74
Vitbal Yashvant ... ... ... ... 100
Vrindavan ... ... ... ... 82
W
Wada — Stately large mansion, a palace.
Wai ... ... ... ... 21, 24 37, 85
Walker SaJieb ... ... ...50,51,52,54,56,67
Yabin, — The son of.
Yadav Bhaskar ... ... ... ... 73,82
Yamaji Pant ... ... ... "... 79
Yavateshwar ... ... ... 20,24,31,38,41
Yeshwant Dada Godbole S3, '1
.,4!!'
Auranjoh.
S. Press, Poona.
BABAJI APPAJI, MINISTER OF BAKODA (Conqueror of Kathiawar).
I [.-the last of the Peshvas.
0. S.
Bapu
C. S. Press, Poona.
Chhatntpati Shivaji.
FATTENING GAIKVAD SENA KHASKEL SAMSHER BAHADAR.
GKNERAL SAKHARAM HARI GUPTE,
H.-mpaut
C. S. Press, Foona.
MADHAJI SCINDE (Conqueror of Delhi).
MINISTER RAVJI APPAJI'S MARBLK CKNOTAPH
0, S. Pr«fc8, Poouti,
RaghuDathrav Peshva ( Haghuba Dad*. )
U. S. Trews 1'uonu,
KAVJI APPAJI — MINISTER or BAKODA.
Shahu Chhabrapati ( Shivaji II. )
C, S. Press, Poona.
Shrimn.nli
GAXPATRAO GAIKWAD OK BARODA,
•
Shri.
lUadliavrav 1'oshva.
C. S, Fresa, Poona.
'/
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