m&M

UNIVERSITY OF B.C. LIBRARY

m :Gatt!.e'

3 9424 00126 2028

ALVIN' H. SANDERS

STCKAGE HEM
PFCCESSlNG-CNb

Lpl-F19G

U.B.C. LIBRARY

.C4A-c<rv>k

'->

\J

/ "^ 0 :. At J

/Cfv<

L

Supf u^(>v^ U''^

Digitized by the Internet Archive

in 2010 with funding from

University of British Columbia Library

http://www.archive.org/details/shorthorncattlOOsand

^3Brjfi*.-

<

> be

W q

»; r

c «

a - .•

P £ «

T3 •" S

« ji I

a: !£

^ jt^^. I U.B.C. Library

CAT. »>KD. ^^111- ^(l- -S X

SHORT-HO^N CATTLE

ACC. NO. 7^3 7-^

, _ ^^ '

A SERIES OF

Historical Sketches, Memoirs and
Records

Breed and its Development

UNITED STATES AND CANADA.

By ALVIN H. SANDERS,
Managing Editor of "The Breeder's Gazette.'

CHICAGO :

Sanders Publishing Co.
1900.

« •*

y^V

copyright, 1900.

BY ALVIX H. SANDERS

All rigbts reserved

" The history of what man has accomplished in this world
is, at bottom, the history of the great men who have worked
here. They were the leaders of men, these great ones ; the
modelers, patterns, and, in a wide sense, creators of whatso-
ever the general mass of men contrived to do or to attain." —
Thomas Carlyle.

TABLE OF CONTENTS.

CHAPTER I— THE OLD SHORT-HORN COUNTRY AND
ITS CATTLE.

Some Short-horn shrines —A farmer's cow --Grass a prime factor
in cattle-growing — Birthplace and origin of the breed — Ear-
liest known breeders — Some foundation stock 9-24

CHAPTER II-DEVELOPMENT OF THE IMPROVED TYPE.

Faults of the old Teeswater stock — The Bakewell experiments —
Ketton and Barmpton — The original Duchess cow — "The Beau-
tiful Lady Maynard"— The bull Hubback — Foljambe and in-
breeding—Favorite (25-2) an extraordinary sire— "The Durham
Ox" — "The White Heifer That Traveled "—The "alloy" blood

— As to Robert Colling — "The American Cow" — The Ketton
Dispersion — The Barmpton sales — Pre-eminence of the Coll-
ings. 25-51

CHAPTER III— FOUNDATIONS OP THE BOOTH HERDS.

The elder Booth — The Fairholme experiment — Some foundation
sires — The Halnaby or Strawberry tribe — The Bracelets —
Richard Booth at Studley — The Isabellas — John Booth at Kil-
lerby 55-<57

CHAPTER IV— THOMAS BATES AND THE DUCHESSES.

Early studies in cattle-breeding — Original investments The
Duchess blood — Student, experimenter and exhibitor — Bulls
first used on the Duchesses — From Halton to Ridley Hall —Re-
moval to Kirklevington — Belvedere (170()) of the Princess blood

— The cross of Whitaker's Norfolk — TheMatchemcowand the
Oxfords — A show-yard disappointment — The Oxford Royal of
1839 — Prizes at Cambridge — A "brush" with the Booths —
Duke of Northumberland (1040) — Importance of tabulated ped-
igrees—The Waterloos — Wild Eyes Tribe— The Cambridge
(Red) Roses — Foggathorpe family — Blanche or Roan Duchess
sort —The Secrets — So-called Bell-Bates tribes — Last appeixr-
ance in show-yard — Dispersion of the herd — Sixty-four Duch-
ess females— Individual character of the cattle ti!>-116

^5)

VI TABLE OF CONTENTS.

CHAPTER V— PALMY DAYS AT KILLEKBY AND WAR-

LABY

Bracelet and Necklace — Buckingham — John Booth's sale — Wiir-
laby and Its show-yard wonders— Faith, Hope and Charity —
Crown Prince (10ft*7» —Isabella Buc-kinKhiim and other celeb-
rities The Blossoms and Windsor ( »OI3i - Brido, Brides-
maid and Bride Elect Thequartetteof "Queens "-Vivandlcro,
Campfollower and Soldier's Bride Death i>f Richard n.n>th

— The Booth method of breeding. 1 1 T- 1 1.:

CHAPTER VI-OTHER EMINENT ENGLISH BREEDERS.

Lord Althorpe (Earl Spencer) - Jonas Whltaker Wcthercll, the
"Nestor" of the trade — Wiley of Brandsby -The Knijjhtley
"FUlpails" — Fawkcs of l'arn!<v Hull William Torr The
long roll of honor. n:wira

CHAPTER VH-FUiST LMPORTATIONS TO AMERICA.

Character of the Gouph & Miller cattle— Kentucky and the Patton
stock • An early New York imjxirtation The Cox importation
The first pediprced bulls The "Seventeens" Massachu-
setts importations - Early New York importations — Col. Pow-
ers purchases Ancestress of the Louans Walter Dun's im-
portations. 1IW-1R8

CHAPTER VIII— DEVELOPMENT OF OHIO VALLEY
HERDS

Feedinv: for seaboard markets Ohio Importing Company - Felix
Renick and confreres in England Whitaker's selections of
18B.-> and !!<;$($ -Sale of Oct. >•«, iKiti- Final sale in IKH — Tho.s.
Bates to Felix Renick Mr. Clay's importations to Kentucky —
Dr. Martin's Importation of \KV\ R. Hutchcraft's importation

— Fayette County Importing Co.- Importations into Tennessee
William Neff's importation— Wait and other importations -

First Bates bull for Kentucky 180-224

CHAPTER IX— EASTERN IMPORTATIONS— 1830 to 1850.

New York importations - Vail's purchases of Bates cattle Whit-
aker's shipments to America- Introduction of F»rlncess blood

— Miscellaneous importations 2i>-237

CHAPTER X-SECOND PERIOD OP ACTIVITY IN
AMERICA.
The first " Duke " for America Morris and Becar - The Earl Ducie
sale in England — Thorndale and the Duchesses — Revival of in-
terest in the West Scioto Valley Importing Co.— Madison Ca

TABLE OF CONTENTS. Vll

(0.; Co.— Northern Kentucky Association — Scott Ck). (Ky.) Im-
porting Co.— Clinton Co. (O.) Association — Clark Co. (O.) Co.—
R. A. Alexander of Woodburn — First of the Airdrie Duchesses

- The Alexander importation of July, 18.i3— Subsequent ship-
ments to Woodburn Farm Importations by the Shakers —
James S. Matson (Kentucky) -Wilson & Seawright (O.) —
Mason and Bracken (Kentucky) Association — Livingston Co.
(N. Y.) Association — Thomas Richardson (New York) — Dr.
H. Wendell (New York) — J. O. Sheldon (New York) — R. F.
Nichols (Louisiana) — First importations into Indiana — An
early importation to Wisconsin — The Illinois Importing Co.—
Founding of the American Herd Book 238-286

CHAPTER XI— SOME HISTORIC KENTUCKY STOCK.

Anew era dawns — Duke of Airdrie (12730)— George M. Bedford's
lease of ' ' The Duke ' ' — Jere Duncan and Duke of Airdrie 2743 —
Abram Renick and Airdrie 2478 — Airdrie a bull-breeder — In-
breeding of the Rose of Sharons — The Vanmeters — Young
Phyllis — Young Mary — The Warfields — Renick 903 — Musca-
toon 7057— The Loudon Duchesses — Adoption of Bates type
and methods 287-332

CHAPTER XII— PROGRESS IN THE CENTRAL WEST.

First Illinois herds — Early Indiana breeders — Pioneer breeders
of Michigan — First Short-horns west of the Mississippi — Foun-
dation stock in Iowa - Early Wisconsin herds — Activity in
the show-yard— Wm. R. Duncan and Minister 6363 — J. M. Hill's
sale — J. H. Pickrell — Sweepstakes 6230 — Gen. Grant 4825 —
Baron Booth of Lancaster 333-376

CHAPTER Xm— THE BIRTH OF A "BOOM."
" Royal " honors for Bates cattle — Duchesses exported to England

— The Grand Duchesses — Havering Park sale — Sheldon of Ge-
neva—Geneva cattle abroad — Walcott & Campbell — First
Hillhurst importations -Gibson buys Booths for New York
Mills — Sensational transfer of the Sheldon herd- "Duke"
bulls in demand The McMillan sale — Col. William S. King —
The Lyndale show herd — Tycoon 7:5.39 — King's victory at St
Louis — W. R.Duncan's sale — The beginning of live-stock jour-
nalism 377-417

CHAPTER XrV^— AN ERA OF EXPANSION.

Hillhurst and Lyndale operations Exportations to England —
Clark Co. (Ky;) Importing Co.— High prices in Illinois— The
great trade of 1872 Oakland Favorite I05t6and Loudon Duke
6th KW99 — The first National convention — Opposition to pre-
vailing " fashions " developed 418-433

Vlll TABLE OF CONTENTS.

CHAPTER XV— THE SENSATION OF SEVENTY-THREE.

Sprinpr sales of 1873 Dunmore's big deal Summer sales New
York Mills dispersion Kello's mistake Sources of deteriora-
tion—4th Duke of Geneva -English sales of 1HT3 434-458

CHAPTER XVI— A GOLDEN AGE.

Spring sales of 1 874 — Lyndale sale at Dexter Park — Other Western
events Kentucky summer sales Closing events of 1874 The
sales of 1H7.1 Glen Flora dispersion Kissinger's sale Elliott
& Kent Spears and the Nelly Blys Pickrell's great sale —
Jacobs' sale at West Liberty Dexter Park auctions The
Avery & Murphy sale Long prices at Meredith's Airdrie
Duchesses at $18,00o each Big sales in the Blue Grass Push-
ing the Princesses The Trans-Mississippi trade $:<,rT(Kt for a
Scotch heifer Groom importations and sale Other important
transactions All records broken at Dunmore Torr's Triumph

— Additional importations— Another Rcniek exportation —
North Elkhorn ( Ky. ) importation Closing events of 187:i. . . 459-609

CHAPTER XVII— THE TURN OF THE TIDE.

Hon. George Brown and Bow Park 4th Duke of Clarence Opening
sales of 1X70 Potts buys imp. Duke of Richmond Col. Hol-
loway's big average Albert Crane pays |2:i,6(>ti for an Airdrie
Duchess -$17,9n0 for Uth Duke of Thorndale Closing events
of 187ij Pickrell & Klssenger Spring sales of 1S77 Cochrane

at Windermere Sale summary for 1877 A falling market
Top prices in England for 1S78 Dark days of 1H79 The rally
of 1880— The Vaile and Rumsey importations Sales of I&hi a

new era at hand Injudicious breeding Evils of speculation

— The spur of opposition - Scotch cattle to the fore. . 510-548

CHAPTER XVIII— SCOTLAND'S SEARCHING TEST.

"Caledonia stern and wild" -Science, "roots" and Short-horns —
Feed-lot considerations paramount Crossing the border —
Robertson of Ladykirk Rennie of Phantassie Barclay of
Ury -Hutcheson of Monyruy- Grant Duff of Eden — Brawith
Bud — Simpson and Buchan Hero — Hay of Shethin 549-575

CHAPTER XIX— AMOS CRUICKSHANK OF SITTYTON.

A new type sought — The brothers Cruickshank — The farm at Sit-
ty ton — General plan pursued — The first of the Violets — Venus
tribe — The family of Mimulus Picotee and her progeny — The
Matchless sort — The Broadhooks Origin of the Lady tribe —
The Nonpareils — Sitty ton Butterflys — Orange Blossoms - Ad-
mah, Kilmeny 3d, and Eliza by Brutus — Clipper tribe — The

TABLE OF CONTENTS. IX

Victorias — The Lancasters — The Brawith Buds — Duchesses of
Gloster — The Secrets — The Cicely sort — Avalanche — Violette

— The Lovelys -Barmpton Roses — The Spicys — The Laven-
ders—First Sittyton bulls — Fairfax Royal (6987)— Hudson
(9:228), Report (10704) and Velvet Jacket (10998)— Matadore
(11800) — Flantagenet (11906) —Doctor Buckingham (14405) —The
Baron (i:!833)— Lord Bathurst (15173)— Master Butterfly 2d
(14.n8)— John Bull (11618)— Lord Raglan (13244) — The Czar
(20947) — Lancaster Comet (11663) — Champion of England
(17526) —Windsor Augustus (19157) —Forth (17866) —Lord Privy
Seal (16444) —Prince Alfred (27107) —Other outside hulls — Con-
centration of the Champion of England blood — Scotland's Pride
and Pride of the Isles — Ceesar Augustus — Royal Duke of Glos-
ter—Roan Gauntlet— Barmpton — Cumberland 576-64 1

CHAPTER XX— OTHER NORTH COUNTRY HERDS.

Douglas of Athelstaneford — Campbell of Kinellar— The Nonpa-
reils, Miss Ramsdens and Golden Drops — Early Kinellar sires

— Booth cross disappointing — Marr of Uppermill — The Maudes

— The Missies — The Princess Royals — The Alexandrinas — The
Roan or Red Ladys — The Bessies — The Claras — The Emmas —
The Goldies — Sittyton sorts — Early sires at Uppermill — Heir
of Englishman (24122) — Cherub 4th (83359) — Athabasca (47359)

— William of Orange (50694) —Later Sittyton sires at Uppermill

— Lethenty — Collynie .. 645-670

CHAPTER XXI-RISE OF SCOTCH POWER IN AMERICA.

Early importations into Ontario — First Sittyton cattle in Canada

— The Athelstane blood — Cruickshank cattle at the shows —
Violet's Forth — The Golden Drops - Thompson's other impor-
tations-John Miller's first shipment -James L Davidson —
Hon. John Dryden — Arthur Johnston — Miscellaneous Canadian
importations — The lies importation into Illinois — Robt. Milne
of Kelvin Grove — Lowman and Smiths' importation — Scotch
success at the shows — Potts and the Duke of Richmond — The
Fanny Airdrie " nick " — Frederick William and " the twins " -
A line of Cruickshank sires — Twenty years in the show-yard —

The Wilhoit herd 671-711

CHAPTER XXII— CLOSING EVENTS OF THE CENTURY.

Sale of the Hillhurst Duchesses — Richard Gibson's sale of 1882 —
Woodburn sale of 1882 The Huston-Gibson sale — Palmer's
sale of Scotch cattle - Kentucky Importing Co. of 1883 — Sale of
Pickrell, Thomas & Smith -Kentucky summer sales of 1883 -
Sale of the Holford Duc'nesses The Hamiltons Col. W. A.
Harris of Linwood Success of Baron Victor — The Linwood
Golden Drops — Baron Lavender 2d— Imp. Craven Knight A

X TABLE OF CONTENTS.

search for sires — Princess Alice — Linwood's salutary Influence

— J. J. Hill of North Oaks — Hope's show herds of 1887 and 1889

— Luther Adams' importations -The shipment of 1887— Cup-
bearer bought — West Liberty sale — The memorable purchase
of 1887 — Lakeside's show herd of 1888 Third and last lot —
Last successful Duchess sale Sale of the Sittyton herd — The
Cruickshank cows at CoUynie Field Marshal and Mario —
Scottish Archer and Count Lavender — Argentine and the sham-
bles—Summary of Sittyton sales — Moberley and Young Ab-
bottsburn — Mary Abbottsburn 7th— Forest Grove sale -Wood-
burn dispersion — Columbian Exposition awards — Recent im-
portations — Herd-book consolidation. . .. 71 •.'-798

CHAPTER XXIII— A DUAL-PURPOSE BREED.

Universal adaptability- Feed-lot favorites "Prime Scots" —
Smithfleld Club American Fat-Stock Show On the range —
Dairy capacity State fair tests The Columbian records -
The Wisconsin experiment Official records in Iowa — Fig-
ures from New York Polled Durhams 800-838

CHAPTER XXIV— THE LAMP OF EXPERIENCE.
What constitutes success? — Inbreeding — Herd-book registration

— Color — Handling quality —Constitution, character and con-
formation Primary points in management - Does showing
payv_ Selling the surplus -About animal portraiture— Tribal
designation — Dignity of the breeders calling - The future. . . 839-872

LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS.

The 8th (red) axd 10th (roan) Duchess of Gei?
Charles and Robert Colling.

Ketton Hall

"White Heifer That Travelled.'

Comet (155)

Thomas Booth

Thomas Bates

Duchess by Daisy Bull (186).

Ketton 1st (709j

Belvedere (1706)

Cleveland Lad (3407)

Norfolk (2377)

"Pet" Duchess 34th

Duke of Northumberland (1940 i.
Duchess 42d and Duchess 43d. . .

Warlaby House.

Necklace

Bracelet.

Birthday.

Vivandibre.

Commander-in-Chief (21451). ..

Lady Fragrant.

At the Gates of Woodburn.

Felix Renick

Capt. James N. Brown

Gen. Sol Meredith

Thomas Wilhoit

Abram Renick

B. F. Vanmeter

George M. Bedford

"William Warfield.

Imp. Duke of Airdrie (12730).

Loudon Duchess 2d and Daughtei

J. H. Pickrell

Col. William S. King

(11)

EVA. Frontispiece.
FACING page 25
.. 30
41
.. 49
55
.. 68
74
.. 74
84
.. 90
90
96
101
. 108
117
.. 120
120
.. 126
126
.. 137
142
•23S

2S7
287
387
287
301
322
:^33
333

Xll

LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS.

J. H. Kissinger.

J. H. Spears.

Bakon Booth of Lancaster 7535.
Col. William S. King's Prize Herd.

Simon Beattie

Richard Gibson

John R. Page.

John Thornton

14Tn DcKE of Thorndale (38459).

4th Duke of Geneva (30958)

George W. Rcst

Hon. T. C. Jones. . .
Col. Ja.mes W. Jcdy. . .

Lewis F. Allen

William Torr

T. C. Booth.

Highland Flower

10th Duchess of Airdrie.

Imp. Majd of Honor.

Hon. H. M. Cochrane's Sale.

Amos Critickshank

SiTTTTON HOISE

J. H. Potts & Son's Show Herd.

Young Abbottsbukn 110679.

Col. W. a. Harris.

T. S. Moberley.

William Miller.

J. H. Potts. . .

Royal Hero 113611.

James I. Davidson.

John Dryden.

Hon. M. H. Cochrane.

John Hope.

William Duthie.

J. Deane Willis.

S. Campbell.

W. S. Marr.

New Year's Gift (57796).

Field Marshal (47S70).

Elvira of Brownd.\xe 3d and Calf.

St. Valentine 121014

Imp. Baron Cruickshank 106297.

833
333
369
409
434
434
434
434
459
459
467
467
467
467
497
497
503
510
510
527
576
644
671
712
r27
727
727
727
742
748
748
748
748
752
752
752
752
759
772
792
795
795

LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS.

Xlll

RUBERTA AND RoSE O'GraDT

Wild Queen 2d.
Whiskers. . .
John D. Gillett.
Dowager 3d.
Molly Millicent

Jewel 2d

KiTTT Clay 4th.

Schooler

College Moore.
College Belle 2d.
Miss Belladrum 6th.
Barton Pearl.

Cicely

Breed Types shown by Photography
Show Herd of George Harrison

798
800
800
809
822
822
824
829
829
832
832
839
848
848
858
863

CHAPTER L

THE OLD SHORT-HORN COUNTRY AND
ITS CATTLE.

One bright morning in the month of June a
few years since the writer was a passenger in
a vehicle that emerged from the environs of
the comfortable little city of Darlington, Eng-
land— once the Short-horn capital — into the
open country so familiar a century ago to those
rare old worthies who gave to the world the
breed that forms the subject of our story.
Rural England at this season of the year will
stir the blood of any human being who has
any capacity whatever for the appreciation of
pastoral panoramas. When to the natural
beauty of the landscape is added the charm of
historic association and congenial companion-
ship it is indeed not difficult for a lover of Short-
horns to while away a summer holiday in the
peaceful valley of the river Tees and contigu-
ous territory in York and Durham, the ances-
tral home of the l)reed.

Some Short-horn shrines. — Here are the
grassy lanes of Hurworth, where the dam of

(3)

10 A HISTORY OF SHORT-HORN CATTLE,

Hubback grazed; there the farms once occu-
pied by Charles and Robert Colling; yonder
Yarm with its quaint old market-place and
Black Bull Inn. This cluster of cottages, nest-
ling amidst sheltering vines and flowering
laburnums, holds the unpretentious roof of
Thomas Bates, and marks also the historic
little church-yard of Kirklevington with the
tomb of the man to w^hom Short-horn history
is primarily indebted for the most dramatic
event ever registered in the annals of agricul-
ture." We try to recall the figure of the keen
old bachelor, but we seek in vain through the
now-deserted fields for Belvedere, the Duke of
Nortliumberland or Duchess 34th. That typi-
cal English hamlet of ye olden time — Great
Smeaton — shows the house where Coates, the
father of Short-horn pedigree records, com-
piled his earliest notes. Away over the hills
is Eryholme, with its memories of "the beau-
tiful Lady Maynard," and nearing the Tees at
Croft a portrait of the $5,000 Comet still greets
the eye on the sign-board of a wayside inn;
while over the way is Stapleton, the farm
where the famous old bull was buried.

Passing from the train at Northallerton and
mounting a trap in waiting we are soon on a
perfect English roadway bound for one of the

* The International contest for the possession of tne Bates Duchesses at
New York Mills in 1873. when 198 head of Short-horn cattle sold tor the
astonishing total of l38C,i90.

THE OLD SHORT-HORN COUNTRY. H

most celebrated seats of Short-horn power.
Wending our way between vine-clad walls and
hawthorn hedges we traverse a gently-rolling
Yorkshire landscape having for a l)ackground
the distant Cleveland hills. Lost in admira-
tion at the moving picture, not wholly unlike
the fairest portions of the Blue-Grass region
of Central Kentucky, we presently sight "red,
white and roans" in all their glory, up to their
knees in richest grass, on a sod that represents
the growth of centuries. A Short-horn enthu-
siast's heart beats high as he here approaches
Warlaby and passing through a velvety lawn
stands at the threshold so sacred to the house
of Booth. There is a word to conjure with !
Redolent with its recollections of Crown
Pnnce, Queen of the May, Nectarine Blossom,
Bride Elect and other names that hold a place
in the great galaxy of Short-horn '•immortals"!
'•'Many a valuable cup and hard-won medal
may there be seen. The portrait of many a
prize-taker decorates its rooms; and many a
pleasant hour has been spent and ancient story
told m this quiet Short-horn home, while the
genuine old squire ' refilled his pipe and showed
how fields were won.' "

Away in the l)leaker Northland, far beyond
those beauteous English scenes bounded by
^"Tweed's fair river, broad and deep," is a Calo-
'donian cottage hid away in one of the pretties!

12 A HISTORY OF SHORT-HORN CATTLE.

little gardens fancy can portray. So cosily
does it seem ensconced that the wintry blasts
from the neighboring German ocean surely
lose a part of their hyperborean rigor before
they reach that quiet fireside. We are in far-
off Aberdeen. A white-haired octogenarian,
Amos Cruickshank, there awaited the peaceful
ending of a life that proved eminently useful
to his fellow men, pure and elevating in its
character, and fruitful of results to the Short-
horn world. Modestly the Nestor of North
Country cattle-breeding told us something of
his life and work. We left him, the sage of
Sittyton, standing there amidst the greenery
of his shrubs and flowers, and as we looked
around upon the fields and paddocks that once
held Champion of England. Pride of the Isles,
Roan Gauntlet and Royal Northern, and High-
land winners by the score, we felt the spell of
a wondrous story brooding over those silent
Scottish "braes."

What have these men, their colleagues and
their followers, accomplished? What is the na-
ture of their legacy? Let us first turn for par-
tial answer to the world's greatest exhibition
of live stock and agricultural products. We
are under the medieval walls of Castle War-
wick. The flower of British Short-horn herds
is assembled in the park. The meeting of,
the Royal Agricultural Society of England is

THE OLD SHORT-HORN COUNTRY. 13

in progress. The ripe fruit of generations of
careful breeding is before us. We note the
size and excellence of the various classes as
they came forward upon that occasion to be
judged; the "bloom" and the wealth of flesh
and hair! We turn to our catalogue. All
trace at last to that same little valley of the
Tees; some through Kirklevington, some
through Warlaby, some through Sittyton, and
some through other channels found in the
broad-flowing currents of the breed. The
crowds throng about the arena, where prince
and peasant, great land-owners and tenant
farmers and visitors from every clime meet to
do honor to England's most widely-dissemi-
nated race of domesticated animals, and, indi-
rectly, to bear testimony to the noble service
rendered to the cause of agriculture by the
builders of this breed.

A farmer's cow. — The average farmer, as
distinguished from the dairyman and profes-
sional feeder, maintaining cattle as an inci-
dental, albeit necessary, feature of a well-
ordered system of mixed husbandry, requires
not only milk, cream and butter in good sup-
ply for domestic consumption, but the cows
that provide him with those products are also
expected to raise a calf each year that can be
profitably utilized in consuming the grass and
"roughness" of the farm; so that the males

14 A. HISTORY OF SHORT-HORN CATTLE.

will command a fair price as yearlings and
two-year-olds for feeding purposes and the
heifers possess the requisite size and quality
fitting them for retention in the breeding herd.
Hence the necessity for a combined beef-and-
milk-producing breed for general farm pur-
poses.

It is claimed by those who support its con-
tentions that the Short-horn blood produces
"the farmer's cow" j)ar cxceUcncc of the world.
The females often reach in full tlesh 1,800 lbs.
in weight, occasionally making 2,000 lbs., and
with good farm keep at maturity should aver-
age say 1,400 lbs. in working condition. Aged
bulls in high flesh occasionally weigh up to
2,800 lbs., but experienced breeders prefer sires
that average from 2.000 lbs. to 2,400 lbs., ex-
treme weights not oeing generally favored. In
color they are red. roan, red with white mark-'
ings or white. In Great Britain, the home of
the breed, the roans predominate. This is
indeed the one distinctive Short-horn color,
never produced except by the presence of the
blood of this breed. In America reds have
been in special demand for some years past
purely as a matter of fancy, although the other
colors— save perhaps the pure whites— are also
seen in nearly every herd. Good Short-horn
cows should yield a fair flow of milk as well
as fatten readily when dry. The steers possess

THE OLD SHORT-HORN COUNTRY. 15

smooth, level frames, mature quickly on the
ordinary foods of the farm and are in great
demand for feeding purposes. The bulls
"cross" well upon cows of other types, being
especially valued for leveling and refining
the form of stock lacking size, finish and
quality.

Grass a prime factor in cattle-growing. —
England, the home of the Short-horn, with its
moist, equable climate, is a veritable paradise
for herbivorous animals. During those trying
months when American pastures lie brown and
bare under a fierce midsummer sun those of
England still afford green feed. Our blue-grass
fields in June are luxuriant beyond compare,
and in late autumnal days usually regain for a
time much of their earlier splendor, but the
season of uninterrupted grazing in England is
longer and the pastures carry a greater variety
of plants. While John Bull, therefore, owes
much of his fame as a producer of the flesh-
bearing breeds to the persistency of the island
verdure it has remained, nevertheless, for an
American to furnish agricultural literature
with a fitting tribute to ''tlie universal benefi-
cence of grass." Not in the midst of the peer-
less pastures of old England, but on the rolling
prairies of our own breezy "Sunflower State"
of Kansas Senator Ingalls found his inspiration.
"It yields no fruit in earth or air, yet should its

16 A HISTORY OF SHORT-HORN CATTLE.

harvest fail for a single year famine would de-
populate the woi'ld.''*

From time immemorial it has been the mis-
sion of the herd and flock to convert this rich
fruitage of the earth to the use of man. and one
of the crowning triumphs of modern agriculture
is found in the perfection to which domestic ani-
mals especially adapted to this end have been
brought. England has easily taken the lead of
all other nations in this fascinating and emi-

• Readers of The Breeder's Gazette have often expressed the wish
that this rhetorical pem mlp-ht be g'lven permanent setting- In some form.
It was orlgrlnally a part of a magazine article written by Mr. Ingalls many
years ago. The much-admired passage is accordingly given a place here:

"Next In importance to the divine profusion of water, light and air,
those three physical facts which render existence possible, may be reck-
oned the universal beneficence of grass. Lying in the sunshine among the
buttercups and dandelions of May. scarcely higher in Intelligence than
those minute tenants of that mimic wilderness, our earliest recollections
are of grass; and %vhen the fitful fever Is ended, and the foolish wrangle cf
the market and the forum is closed, grass heals over the scar which our
descent into the bosom of the earth has made, and the carpet of the infant
becomes the blanket of the dead.

"Grass is the forgiveness of Nature— her constant benediction. Fields
trampled with battle, saturated with blood, torn with the ruts of cannon,
grow preen again with grass, and carnage is forgotten. Streets abandoned
by traffic become grass grown, like rural lanes, and are obliterated. For-
ests decay, harvests perish, flowers vanish, but grass is immortal. Be-
leagured by the sullen hosts of winter it withdraws into the impregnable
fortress of its subterranean vitality and emerges upon the solicitation ol
spring. Sown by the winds, by wandering birds, propagated by the subtle
horticulture of the elements which are its ministers and servants, it
softens the rude outlines of the world. It evades the solitude of deserts,
climbs the Inaccessible slopes and pinnacles of moimtains, and modifies
the history, character and destiny of nations. Unobtrusive and patient, it
has immortal vigor and aggression. Banished from the thoroughfare and
fields, it bides its time to return, and when vigilance is relaxed or the
djmasty has perished it silently resumes the throne from which It has been
expelled but which it never abdicates. It bears no blazonry of bloom to
charm the senses with fragrance or splendor, but its homely hue is more
enchanting than the lily or the rose. It yields no fruit in earth or air, yet
should its harvest fall for a single year famine would depopulate the
world."

THE OLD SHORT-HORN COUNTRY. 17

nently practical pursuit, and in the Short-horn
breed of cattle has given to the world a vari-
ety of farm stock that has probably been more
widely distributed than any other known type.
It has not only received by reason of its dual-
purpose character more attention at the hands
of the tenant farmers and landed proprietors
of Great Britain and Ireland than any other
British breed, but has a firm hold upon the affec-
tions of the farmers of the United States and
Canada under varying environments. It has
been extensively introduced into Australia and
Argentina and has a foothold in the grazing
regions about the South African Cape. Conti-
nental Europe with all its conservatism has
drawn frequently upon British Short-horn
herds — France in particular maintaining good
collections of registered stock. It has peculiar
claims, therefore, to the title sometimes be-
stowed upon it as being " the one great cosmo-
politan breed."

Birthplace and origin of the breed. — The
Short-horn — or "Durham" as formerly called
by many farmers in the United States — is of
composite origin, representing the result of
generations of skillful blending of various ab-
original types. While its long period of incu-
bation is shrouded in more or less uncertainty
there is no question either as to its original
habitat or its ancient lineage. Traditions, as

2

18 A HISTORY OF SHORT-HORN CATTLE.

well as authentic records, recognized the pro-
genitors of the modern type in the Counties of
Northumberland, Durham, York and Lincoln
for several centuries prior to the final crystal-
lization of the breed in and about the Tees-
water Valley. So much of a speculative char-
acter has been published relating to the grad-
ual evolution in Northeastern England of the
established type of which we write that it is
not essential, nor would it be of any special
profit, for us to undertake to travel extensively
over that uncertain ground in this volume.
For centuries it is said that Northern England
was the home of a horned black breed, and
black cattle predominated in Yorkshire and
adjacent counties until the seventeenth cen-
tury. At this date two other well-known types
existed in England, the "pied" cattle of Lin-
colnshire, with "more white than other colors,"
and the red stock of Somerset and Gloucester-
shire. By the middle of the eighteenth cen-
tury, although the Yorkshire cattle were still
largely black, mixed colors began to make
their appearance. "But of all the cows in
England," wrote William Ellis in 1744, "I think
none comes up to the Holderness breed for
their wide bags, short horns and large bodies,
which render them (whether black or red) the
most profitable beasts for the dairyman, grazier
and butcher. Some of them have yielded two

THE OLD SHORT-HORN COUNTRY. 19

or three gallons at a meal." This type took its
name from the district of Holderness in South-
eastern Yorkshire, About this time cattle were
imported from continental Europe into the
Eastern counties. These consisted chiefly of
large white Dutch or Flanders cows. It is also
said that bulls were brought in from Holland
and used on some of the herds of York and
Durham. These Dutch cattle should not, how-
ever, be confused with the modern Holstein-
Friesians. It is said that Michael Dobinson
and Sir William St. Quintin— both of whom
were among the earliest possessors of old-time
short-horned herds— imported and used Dutch
bulls. These various types were all of a very
crude, sort when contrasted with the breed
finally evolved from them, and as we are more
interested in the result than in speculation as
to the remote origin of the race we need not
dwell upon them.

Earliest known breeders.— It is claimed that
a short-horned type of cattle existed on the
Yorkshire estates of the Earls and Dukes of
Northumberland for a period of two hundred
years prior to 1780. Herds of short-horned
stock had also been in the possession of the
Smithsons of Stanwick as early as the middle
of the seventeenth century. The Aislahies of
Studloy Royal and Rlackotts of Newby were
likewise fond of good cattle and paid great at-

20 A HISTORY OP SHORT-HORN CATTLE.

tention to the quality of their herds about this
same period. Other prominent breeders prior
to the year 1780 were Sir William St. Quiiitin.
Sir James Pennyman* and Mr. Milbank of
Baruingham. The latter secured some of his
cattle from the Blacketts, but his reputation
rests largely upon his use of the famous red-
and-white Studley Bull (626), calved in 1737,
that became the progenitor of many celebrated
animals. Between the years 1730 and 1780
many eminent breeders gave their attention to
the improvement of their cattle, among them,
besides those already mentioned, being Sharter,
Pickering, Steplienson, Wetherell, Maynard,
Dobinson, Charge, Wright, Hutchinson, Robson,
Snowdon, Waistell, Richard and William Bar-
ker, Brown, Hall, Hill, Best, Watson, Baker,
Thompson, Jackson, Smith, Jolly, Masterman,
Wallace and Robertson. These names we find
as breeders of the earliest cattle whose names
and pedigrees are recorded in the first volume
of the English Herd Book. It may be well to
know that as this herd book was not published
until the year 1822 — some thirty or forty years

» To induce his tenants to pay more attention to the quality of their
stock Sir James is said to have frequently made small wag-ers as to whose
oxen would -weigh the most and bring' the best prices. Cadwaliader Bates
says: "The farm accounts commencing- from 1745 regularly recorded the
sales of Pennymau Short-horns, with their weight and proof in tallow, for
they were very often sold by weight. As the soil there is a strong clay no
turnips were grown, and the cattle were kept in winter on only hay and
8tra\7. Notwithstanding- this, the five-year-old steers generally averaged
about 1,960 lbs."

THE OLD SHORT-HORN COUNTRY. 21

after the decease of many of those we have
mentioned— tradition, and the memory of men
then living, as well as the written records of
their predecessors, were the authorities on
which the lineage of the earlier animals were
r admitted to record.

f Some foundation stock.— The Studley Bull
(626), dropped in 1737, was one of the first great
stock-getters of the breed of which there is
record. The herd book furnishes no particu-
lars concerning him, but he is described by
competent contemporary authority as having
been a red-and- white '• possessed of wonderful
girth and depth of forequarters, very short,
neat frame and light offal." One of his sons,'
"Mr.. Lakeland's bull," said to have attained
great size and to have carried a good back,
begot William Barker's Bull (51), that acquired
reputation as the sire of another one of the
breed-founders known as "James Brown's Red
Bull (97)." This noted bull was bred by John

r Thompson of Girlington Hall. At this date it
was not customary to preserve the name or
even a description of the cows from which
sires in service were descended. The pedigree
was traced through the bull line exclusively.
Hence there is no record as to the maternal
ancestry of these foundation sires. Mr. Coates,
who collected the material for the first volume
of the herd book, which still bears his name.

22 A HISTORY OF SHORT-HORN CATTLE.

had intended that a description of the most
noted animals should appear in the public reg-
istry. Although this plan was not adopted in
the final revision of the book his notes on many
of the earlier sires have nevertheless been pre-
served. From these it appears that " J. Brown's
old red bull" had "good fore quarters and
handle,* huggins and rumps not good, strong
thighs, excellent getter." The progeny of this
bull was apparently held in great esteem, and
some of his daughters subsequently attained
much reputation, one becoming the ancestress
of the afterwards celebrated Bates Duchess
tribe, and another was the ancestral dam of
Robert Colling's old Red Rose sort.

The most famous of all the foundation bulls,
however, was Hubback (819), his influence hav-
ing been so great as to require special comment
in these pages further on. Many bulls are re-
corded in the first volume of the English Herd
Book that lived anterior to the year 1780. but
aside from their names and that of a sire, and
sometimes a grandsire, little or nothing seems
to have been recorded of their ancestry, and
nothing beyond can now be known of them.
Among these, in addition to those already
named, are Ralph Alcock's Bull (19), Allison's
Gray Bull (261 J. Brown's White Bull (98), Hol-
lon's Bull (313), Jolly's Bull (337), Kitt (857),

• This refers evidently to his " touch," aa the handling- qualities of breed-
ing stock were enrefully regarded by the original improvers of the breed.

THE OLD SHORT-HORN COUNTRY. 23

Mastertaan's Bull (422j, Paddock's Bull (477).
William liob.son's Bull (538j, Sir James Fenny-
man's Bull (GOl), Jacob Smith's Bull (508), T.
Smith's Bull (609), Snowdon's Bull (612j, sire of
Hubback (819); Studley White Bull (627). got
by Studley Bull (626j; W^aistell's Bull (669), the
same as Robson's Bull (558); and Walker's Bull
(670), the same as Masterman's Bull (422), by
Studley Bull (626).

Of the cows contemporary with the bulls we
have named few, if any, are recorded in either
the hrst or subsequent volumes. We can,
therefore, only infer that the cows were equally
as well and carefully bred as the bulls. Cattle
fairs (not shows in the sense of our modern ex-
hibitions), where beasts were taken to market
for sale, were then, as now, common in Eng-
land, and probably many well-bred cows and
heifers were brought there for sale by their
breeders and owners. These were doulitless
taken by breeders of good cattle when the blood
and quality were considered satisfactoiy and
bred to the best bulls. From such market
cows descended the more immediate ancestoi-s
of many celebrated Short-horns. It is no dis-
paragement to those nameless cows that such
is the fact, as very few pedigrees can now be
traced by name on the female side lieyoud the
year 1780, and but comparatively few bevond
the year 1800.

24 A HISTORY OF SHORT-HORN CATTLE.

The earliest recorded pedigree in tlie female
line known to Short-horn records is that which
has long been referred to in England and
America as the Princess family, tracing to the
cow Tripes, bought by Thomas Hall in 1760,

CHAPTER II,

DEVELOPMENT OF THE BIPROVED TYPE.

The attention given by the sturdy tenantry
of the Teeswater country to the production of
a superior grade of beef at this early date, as
indicated by the roster of names set forth in
the preceding chapter, was the response of
the farmers of that district to the demands of
Anglo-Saxon taste. On the opposite or conti-
nental shore of the German Ocean dairy prod-
ucts were esteemed an especial delicacy; and
so the low countries gradually became the
home of what subsequently developed into the
Holstein-Friesian breed. But the fox-hunting
Yorkshire '"squires," and the hon vivanfs of
" merrie England " generally, demanded some-
thing more substantial at their banquet boards.
Rich '"barons" of well-marbled beef appealed
particularly to the palates of the hearty Brit-
ons, and right royally did the stock-growers of
the Island meet the call. Widespread interest
in the breeding of tine cattle developed. At
Darlington. Durham Yarm and other central
points mai'ket fairs, the f(^rerunners of oui'

(25)

26 A HISTORY OF SHORT-HORN CATTLE.

modern shows, had begun to attract all the
progressive farmers, feeders and graziers of the
country-side both far and near. Each of those
who took pride in cattle vied w4th the other in
the exhibition of good specimens of the Tees-
water type; and we can easily imagine with
what absorbing interest these breed-builders
compared the relative merits of their stock
and with what satisfaction they noted the prog-
ress being made. Herd books were not in ex-
istence. Blood lines were known only by word
of mouth or by sundry traditions; but they
were a superior class of men. these pioneers in
the study of the Jaws of heredity as applied to
animal life, and their local fairs were at once a
forum and a market-place. Short-horn " par-
liaments," far-reaching in their infiuence, as-
sembled upon these occasions, frequently with
some favorite bull or heifer as the storm cen-
ter of debate. Then, as now, men differed as
to the form of animals and methods of breed-
ing to be pursued. There were few if any
servile imitators. There was no established
type or fashion to rule the hour. It was the
formative stage in the evolution of the Short-
horn as known to the succeeding generation,
and each individual sought results largely after
the dictates of his own personal judgment.
Would that some of this same independence of
thought and action might be brought to bear

DEVELOPMENT OF THE IMPROVED TYPE. 27

in the settlement of problems facing those
who are endeavoring to perpetuate Short-horn
characteristics at the present time!

Faults of the old Teeswater stock. — The
Short-horn of that day was not only lacking in
uniformity in some essential points but as a
breed possessed serious faults calling for radi-
cal treatment. Possibly as accurate a state-
ment as has been handed down bearing upon
the character of the old Teeswater stock, which
formed the basis of "the improved Short-hom,"
is that of William Carr, the historian of the
afterward-celebrated herds of the Messrs.
Booth. He says that the best specimens of
the breed at that time were " generally wide-
backed^ well-framed cows, deep in their fore
quarters, soft and mellow in their hair and
' handling ' and possessing, with average milk-
ing qualities, a remarkable disposition to fat-
,ten. Their horns were rather longer than
those of their descendants of the present day
and inclining upward. The defects were those
of an undue prominence of the hip and shoul-
der point, a want of length in the hind quar-
ters, of width in the floor of the chest, of
fullness generally before and behind the shoul-
ders, as well as of flesh upon the shoulder
itself. They had a somewhat disproportionate
abdomen, were too long in the legs and showed
a want of substance, indicative of delicacy, in

28 A HISTORY OF SHORT-HORN CATTLE.

the hide. They failed also in the essential
requisite of taking on their flesh evenly and
lirmly over the whole frame, which frequently
gave them an unlevel appearance. There was,
moreover, a general want of compactness in
their conformation."

The Bakewell Experiments. — Robert Bake-
well of Dishley, a Leicestershire farmer, worked
out about this period a system of stock-breed-
ing that was destined to play henceforth a
prominent part, not only in the development
of the Short-horn but in the evolution of nearly
all our other improved breeds as w^ell. What-
ever may have been the practice of the ancients
in respect to the coupling of animals closelj^
related it remained for Bakewell to demon-
strate to the stock-breeders of the last century
that in the concentration of the blood of
animals possessing desired characteristics a
method was provided whereby results could be
quickly and definitely attained.- This idea was
diametrically opposed to the principles and
practice governing the operations of Bakewell's
contemporaries. Incestuous breeding of ani-
mals was held in abhorrence, and when Bake-
well began breeding long-wooled sheep, Lan-
cashire Long-horned cattle and cart horses from
close affinities his neighbors gave him credit for
being somewhat daft. He was a man of con-
siderable means at the beginning of his experi-

DEVELOPMENT OF THE IMPROVED TYPE. 29

ments, and brought more or less scientific
knowledge to bear upon his work. His system
contemplated first the selection of foundation
stock approximating in form and character as
closely as possible the type he sought to estab-
lish. With these as a basis their immediate
descendants were interbred in such a way as to
give a strong concentration of the blood of the
original selections. The idea was of course the
creation of a family likeness or type — a group
of animals homogeneous in blood and uniform
in characteristics. Resort to fresh blood was
only had when an animal was found elsewhere
that possessed in marked degree as an individ-
ual the particular points desired. The plan
soon began to reveal marvelous results, and
orders for breeding stock began to come frorc
all parts of the island. King George III him-
self made personal inquiries as to " the new dis-
covery " in stock-breeding, and about the time
the early Short-horn breeders became specially
interested in their work the Bake well system
was arousing much curiosity, even among those
conservatives who had stoutly opposed the
theory.

Bakewell did not use Short-horns in his ex-
periments. He kept a few of the old sort, it is
said, merely to show by contrast the superior-
ity of his new breed of Long-horns. AVliilo ho
achieved a permanent success with his sheep

30 A HISTORY OF SHORT-HORN CATTLE.

the Long-horns were not destined to general
popularity. The method employed in tixing
the type, however, was soon seized upon by
some of the younger element in the Short-horn
breeding ranks, and \Adth wonderful effect, as
we Avill now proceed to note.

Ketton and Barmpton.— About three miles
northeast of Darlington, in the county of Dur-
ham, overlooking a little stream that flows into
the Tees at Croft, is the farm of Barmpton, and
about a mile beyond is Ketton. Upon these
two farms the modern Short-horn may be said
to have had its origin. Charles Colling Sr.,
father of Charles and Robert, the flrst great
improvers of the breed, had laid the founda-
tion for a Short-horn herd at Ketton Farm by
the purchase of a cow called Cheriy at Yarm
Fair, but finding farming unprofitable at this
time he gave up the property to his son Charles.
The brothers set about breeding Short-horns at
a time when values of farm products in Eng-
land were much depressed. The American
Revolution had just been terminated, and, in
common with all other farm property in great
Britain, cattle were still feeling the demoraliz-
ing eifects of war.

The original Duchess cow.— Charles Colling
had heard of Bakewell and his work and in
1783 made a prolonged study, at Dishley, of
the theory and practice of in-and-in or "close"

DEVELOPMENT OF THE IMPROVED TYPE. 31

breeding. In June of the following year he
bought in Darlington market a cow which he
named Duchess that gave rise to the family
that afterward became the subject of the wild-
est cattle speculation known in all the annals
ot JLngli«h or American agriculture. She was
bought from Thomas Appleby, a tenant farmer
on the Stanwick estate of Sir Hugh Smithson,
afterward created Duke of Northumberland
As already stated, the Stanwick herds had been
celebrated locally from a very ancient period.
Ihis primal Duchess was described as ''a mas-
sive, short-legged animal of a beautiful yellow-
red flecked color; her breast was near the
ground and her back wide. She was, too. a
gi;eat grower. Mr. Colling considered her han-
cllmg very superior, and no one was a better
judge. He even went so far as to sav that he
considered her the best cow he ever had or ever
saw, and confessed that he could never breed
as good a one from her, even from his best
bulls which improved all his other cattle"
1 us hne cow cost but thirteen pounds steriin-
About the same date diaries Colling hought a
cow named Daisy said to have been descended
from Masterman's Hull and belonging to a fam-
ily of cows noted for iheir milking, properties
^Forrover, it was sai.l that she wa^ "verv neat
lu shape and vovy i„,.liu:,])le fo make fat "
**The Beautiful Lady Maynard." hi 17^0

32 A HISTORY OF SHORT-HORN CATTLE.

Gabriel Thornton, who had lived with Mr. May-
nard of Eryholme as bailiff for some ten years,
entered Charles Colling s service. The quality
of the Eryholme cattle naturally came under
consideration, and in September of that year
Mr. and Mrs. Charles Colling rode over to Mr.
Maynard's to inspect the herd.* Their atten-
tion was at once claimed by a handsome seven-
year-old cow then called Favorite " that Miss
Maynard was milking.'' This cow was a roan
possessing the long horns of the old Teeswater
type and came from a well-established tribe.
She was bought for twenty-eight guineas, and
Mr. Colling agreed also to take her heifer calf —
that received the name of Young Strawberry
and was sired by Dalton Duke (188) — at ten
guineas. At the time of this purchase the
cow was again in calf to Dalton Duke and gave
birth to a bull to that service at Ketton in 1787.
The name of this cow, the most celebrated of
all the early matrons of the breed, was changed
by Mr. Colling to Lady Maynard. She became
the ancestress of several famous families and
of the bulls that fairly created " the improved
Short-horn."

The Bull Hubback.— While Charles Colling
was making these purchases of foundation
stock his brother Robert was not idle. The

* It is said that Mrs. Collingr was quite as much interested in cattle-
breeding as lier husband, and liaviuf up children sUe had leisure to in^wlg?
tier love for tlie stock.

DEVELOPMENT OF THE IMPROVED TYPE. 33

author of one of the latest English contribu-
tions to Short-horn literature* asserts that
in Duchess, Cherry, Daisy and Lady Maynard
Charles Colling was possessed of ''the four best
short-horned cows in existence." Robert Col-
ling had bought with judgment from such good
herds as those of Messrs. Milbank, Hill, Watson,
Wright, Sir William St. Quintin and Best, all
of whom were known to possess fine cattle, and
in the case of the selection and use of the cele-
brated bull Hubback Robert seems to have
shown rather more discernment than Charles.
There is nd gainsaying the far-reaching influ-
ence of the blood of this bull as a factor in the
improvement of the breed. Indeed some credit
him with being the one real fountain head of
modern Short-horn excellence. The testimony
of Thomas Bates (one of the most distinguished
of all those who followed Colling, and of whom
we shall speak more at length later on) was
particularly radical upon this proposition. He
said:

"It was the opinion of all pood judges in my early days that
had it not been for the bull Hubback and his descendants the old,
valuable breed of Short-horns would have been entirely lost, and
that where Hubback's blood was wanting they had no real merit,
and no stock oupht to have been put in any herd book of Short-
horns which had not Hubback's blood in their veins. Had this
been done, then the Herd Book of Short-horns would have been a
valuable record ; as it is, it is undeserving of notice, and oupht no
longer to be continued as a book of reference, as ninety-nine ani-
mals out of a hundred in Coates Herd Book should never have
been entered there."

•Cadwallader Jolm Bjites of Lan^rley Castle, NorthumlMrlaDCl.
8

I

-<r

34 A HISTORY OF SHORT-HORN CATTLE.

Mr. Bates may be called a prejudiced wit-
ness. He was a man of very decided convic-
tions; dogmatic to the last degree. While it is
not probable that Hubback held, Atlas-like, in
his day the w^hole future of the breed upon his
shoulders there is no doubt that he imparted
a quality and refinement of chaTacter that had
been compamtively rare prior to his appear-
ance.

Short-horn history abounds in cases where
outstanding merit has failed of adequate ap-
preciation, but the story of Hul)back, summar-
ized below, probalily surpasses all others of
its class.* He was thus described by Coates:
" Head good, horns small and fine, neck fine,
breast well formed and fine to the touch, shoul-

• John Hunter, the breeder of Hubback, was a brick-layer and lived at
Hurworth. He had once been a tenant farmer and bred Short-horn cattle
which, when leaving' hia farm to live at Hurworth, he Bold all ofiE,
excepting one choice little cow he took with him, and as he had no pasture
of his own for her to graze in she ran in the lanes of the town. While
there she was put to "George Snowdon's Bull," also in Hurworth. From
him the cow dropped a bull calf. Soon afterward the cow and calf were
driven to Darlington market and there sold to a Mr. Bassnett, a timber
merchant. Bassnett retained the cow but sold the calf to a blacksmith at
Hornby, five miles out from Darlington. The dam of the calf taking on
flesh readily would not again breed and after some months was fattened
and slaughtered. Growing to a useful age, the young bull in 1783 was found,
at six years old, in the hands of a Mr. Fawcett, living at Haughton Hill,
not far from Darlington.

Mr. Wright (a noted Short-horn breeder) says that Charles Colling,
going into Darlington market weekly, used to notice some excellent veal,
and upon inquiry ascertained that the calves were got by a bull belonging
to Mr. Fawcett of Haughton Hill. This bull, then known as Fawcetfs Bull,
and some years afterwards called Hubback, was at the time serving cows
at a shilling each (about twenty-five cents). Charles Colling, however, as
the merits of the beast were talked over between himself and others, did
not appear particularly impressed with them. But Robert Colling and liiB
neighbor, Mr. Waistell of Ali-hill, who had also seen the bull, thought bet.
ter of htm and more accurately measured his value. The two, soon after

DEVELOPMENT OF THE IMPROVED TYPE. 85

clers rather upright, girth good, loins, belly and
sides fair, rump and hips extraordinary, flank
and twist wonderful." He was a yellow-red
with some white, calved in 1777. He was got
by Snowdon's Bull (612), he by Waistell's Bull
(558), he by Masterman's Bull (422), son of
Studley Bull ((526). His dam was out of a cow
bred by Mr. Stephenson of Ketton "fi-om a
tribe in his possession forty years." It was at
one time alleged that there was Kyloe (West
Highland) blood in Hubback's veins on his
dam's side, but this is not substantiated. Rob-
ert Colling used Hubback for a time and then
sold him to his brother Charles, who kept him
in service two seasons, after which he was sold,
at ten years of age, to Mr. Hubback, in whose
hands he remained up to his death at the age
of fourteen years. It appears that neither
Waistell nor either of the Collings truly appre-
ciated the merits of Hubback until after they
had parted with him and saw the excellence of
his stock as they grew up and developed. He
was a small bull— his dam was small for a

Good Friday. In April. 1783. bought hliu of Mr. Fawcett for ten pulneas
(about ¥,')()) and took him home, where ho was jointly owned and used to
their separate herds. Colliiip liavinpr seventeen and Waistell eleven cows
served by hlni during: the season. In the followlnp Noveml>er (1783) Charles
Colllngr, h.ivlng chanped his opinion of the merits of the bull, offered his
ownt^rs elpht piilneas (about $41)^ for him, and tliey sold him.

Charles Colling- kept the bull two y.>ar8. uatnp him freely In his herd,
and then sold hlni late In I'.So. at ten years old. to a Mr. Huhb.ick. at North
Sctou, In Northumberland. The bull had no name when Colling- sold lilm.
Mr. Huhback used hlni (the bull then lielnir calkMl Hnblvicks nnin until the
year IVSU. when ho was fourtetn \ .-.irs old. and he was vlporous to the last.

36 A HISTORY OF SHORT-HORN CATTLE.

Short-horn, but a very handsome cow, of fine
symmetry, with a nice touch and fine, long,
mossy hair. All these choice qualities Hub-
back took from her. As size was a meritorious
point in Short-horns at that time it is highly
probable that the Collings discarded him for
that deficiency more than any other. Yet the
subsequent reputation of Iiul)back among the
breeders was higher than that of any other
bull of his time, and it was considered a great
merit in any Short-horn which could trace its
pedigree back nito his blood, which no doubt
could be easily done, as he was, both before
and after the Collings owned him, open to the
public at a cheap rate of service. It is said
that his stock had capacious chests, prominent
bosoms, thick, mossy coats, mellow skins, with
a great deal of fine fiesh spread evenly over
the whole carcass. Mr. Bates stated that Hub-
back had " clean, waxy horns, mild, bright eyes,
a pleasing countenance and was one of the
most remarkably quick feeders ever known.
He retained his soft and downy coat long into
the summer. His handling was superior to
that of any bull of the day."

Foljambe and inbreeding. — Among other
good heifers left at Ketton by Hubback was
one called Haughton, said to have been "fine
and neat." Mr. Colling had apparently not a
high enough opinion of Hubback at that time,

DEVELOPMENT OF THE IMPROVED TYPE. 37

however, to go to the extreme of Bakewell's
system and breed her l)ack to her sire, for he
sent her to be bred to Richard Barker's Bull
(52), "a large, well-shaped, but coarse, wiry-
haired beast with a black nose." The produce
was the noted bull Foljambe (263), a white with
a few red spots, that seems to have combined
some of the good points af both sire and dam.
He was a big, wide-backed, "thick beast of
great substance," inheriting scale and constitu-
tion from his sire and some. of Hubback's good
handling quality from his dam. Although sold
as a young bull at fifty guineas Foljambe was
used upon some of Colling's best cows, among
others the rich red-roan Lady Mayuard, the
produce being a heifer called Phcenix. To the
cover of Foljambe Lady Maynard's Dalton
Duke heifer Young Strawberry dropped the
bull Bolingbroke (86). called by Coates the
best bull he ever saw. It is at this point that
the BakewelJ system was first tried. The Lady
Maynard heifer Phoenix (by Foljambe) was
bred to the Young Strawberry (daughter of
Lady Maynard) bull Bolingbroke (by Foljambe),
the produce of this close breeding being the
celebrated bull Favorite (252). It is claimed
by historians of the Bates Herd that this
mating was not directed as a well-matured
scheme. Pha-uix had previously been bred to
Robert Colling's Ben (70). According to Bell

38 A HISTORY OF SHORT-HORN CATTLE.

the cow was not bred back to Ben again be-
cause a coolness had arisen between the two
brothers, and was only served by Bolingbroke
simply in order that "she might have a calf of
some sort." This may or may not be true, but
the fact remains nevertheless that Favorite,
with his double infusion of the blood of Fol-
jambe and Lady Maynard, represented the first
fruit of the application of the policy of in-and-
in breeding to Short-horn cattle. Colling sold
Boliugbroke when eight years old to Mr. Job-
ling for seventy guineas. Vigorous to the last
the old bull was killed at Newcastle in 1800,
being sold at one shilling per pound. It is said
that his stock had, as a rule, red bodies with
some white on their faces, thus resembling
somewhat in their markings the modern Here-
ford.

Favorite (252) an extraordinary sire. — This
greatest of all old-time sires was "a large, mas-
sive bull of good constitution, with a fine, bold
eye, remarkably good loins and long, level hind
quarters. His shoulder points stood wide and
were somewhat coarse; they protruded into
the neck. His horns were long and strong."
Coates called him "low in the back." Wais-
tell said he was "a grand beast * "■•' * with
a good coat and as good a handler as ever was
felt." It is said that he resembled his dam,
Phoenix, rather than his sire, Boliugbroke.

DEVELOPMENT OF THE IMPROVED TYPE. 39

Favorite was a light roan, dropped in 1793.
and died in 1809. So nearly did he meet Mr.
Colling's views as to what a Short-horn bull
should be that he now began a most extraordi-
nary course of inbreeding. For years the bull
was used indiscriminately upon his own off-
spring, often to the third and in one or two
instances to the fifth and sixth generations.
His get were not only the most celebrated
Short-horns of their day, but his immediate
descendants constitute a large percentage of
the entire foundation stock upon which the
herd-book records stand. He was bred back to
his own dam, the produce being a heifer, Young
Phoenix. To still farther test the Bakewell
system this heifer was then bred to her own
sire, the issue of that doubly-incestuous union
being the bull Comet (155), the pride of his
time and the first Short-horn to sell for $5,0U0.
The first calf got by Favorite was dropped by
the Duchess cow, and the second was a bull
that was afterward steered and acquired celeb-
rity as

"The Durham Ox." — It must be borne in
mind tluit at this time the Short-lioi-ns were a
local breed of cattle, contined chietiy to the
counties of ancient North umbria, and the best
of them were to be found in and about the Val-
ley of the Tees. The Collings, in the exercise
of their usual foresight and sagacity, deter-

40 A HISTORY OF 8H0RT-H0RN CATTLE.

mined to give their cattle a wide reputation
through the kingdom, and for that purpose
Charles prepared the Durham Ox for public ex-
hibition. As this ox achieved a wide reputation
and successfully drew the merits of the Short-
horns to the attention of the cattle-breeding
public, although it has been frequently pub-
lished, a full account of him will be repeated.
He was among the earliest calves got by Fa-
vorite (252), *'bred in the year 1796, and out of
a common black-and-white cow, bought for
Charles Colling by John Simpson, at Durham
Fair, for £14 ($70).^' Although the dam of the
Durham Ox was said to have been "a common
cow," yet from the price which Colling paid for
her, and the marvelous excellence of the steer
descended from her, it is altogether probable
she possessed much of the "common" Short-
horn blood of the vicinity. Judging from her
color she was probably not highly bred, but it
is certain that she had much quality. This
steer Colling fed up to his greatest flesh-taking
capacity until nearly five years old, when he
had attained a reputed weight of 3,024 lbs.
He was then purchased to be exhibited by Mr.
Bulmer of Harmby, in February, 1801, for £140
(^700). Bulmer had a traveling carriage made
to carry him through the country, and after
traveling and exhibiting him five weeks sold
the carriage and ox at Rotherham to John Day

I— I

J
o
o

H

a
cq
o

DEVELOPMENT OF THE IMPROVED TYPE. 41

for £250 (11,250). On the 14th of May ensuing
Mr. Day could have sold him for £525 ($2,625j;
on the 13th of June for £1,000 ($5,000), and on
the 8th of July for £2,000 (110,000), but he re-
fused all these offers, which were strong proofs
of the excellence of the ox, as well as his exhib-
ition value. Mr. Day traveled with him nearly
six years through the principal parts of England
and Scotland, till at Oxford, on the 19th of Feb-
ruary, the ox dislocated his hip bone, and con-
tinued in that state till the 15th of April, when
he was killed, and notwithstanding he must
have lost considerable flesh during these eight
weeks of illness, yet his dead weight was: Four
quarters, 2,322 lbs.; tallow. 156 lbs.; hide, 142
lbs.; total, 2,620 lbs. This was at the age of
eleven years, under all the disadvantages of six
years traveling in a jolting carriage and eight
weeks of painful lameness. At ten years old
Mr. Day stated his live weight to have been
nearly 3,400 lbs.

"The White Heifer That Traveled."— About
the year 1806 Robert Colling reared a purely-
bred heifer, afterward called the "White Heifer
That Traveled," which he sent out through the
principal agricultural counties for exhibition.
The date of her birth is not given in the hrst
volume E. H. B., where her pedigree is recorded.
She was also got by Favorite (252) from a
dam called ''Favorite Cow," bred by R. Colling.

42 A HISTORY OF SHORT-HORN CATTLE.

The name of *' Favorite Cow's" sire is not given.
Her granclam, '"Yellow Cow," was by Punch
(531), and her great-grandam was by Anthony
Reed's Bull (538), and bred by Mr. Best of Man-
field. The " White Heifer" being twinned with
a bull, and herself not breeding, she was fed up
to her greatest flesh-taking capacity and exten-
sively exhibited. Her age when slaughtered
is not given, but the account states that her
live weight could not have been less than
2,300 lbs., and her dead weight was estimated
at 1,820 lbs.

There were other extraordinary, large and
heavy cattle bred and fed by the Short- horn
breeders contemporary with the CoUings, whose
recorded weights we might give, but as they all
run in about the same scale it is not important
to record them here. It is sufficient to say that
the great rei^utation which the Collings and
their animals acquired was through the wider
knowledge which the public abroad obtained
of them by these public exhibitions. Thus the
Collings became conspicuously known, and were
considered by those not intimately acquainted
with the other breeders around them as, if not
the founders, at least the great improvers of
the newly-advertised and meritorious breed.

The "alloy" blood.— In the year 1791, after
Charles Colling had been ten years a Short-horn
breeder and had his choicest Short-horn fami-

DEVELOPiMENT OF THE IMPROVED TYPE. 43

♦.

lies well established, one of his neighbors, Col.
O'Callaghan, purchased two Scotch Galloway
hornless heifers and brought to his farm. He
agreed with Colling to have the heifers served
by his bull Bolingbroke (86), with the under-
standing that if the calves were bulls Colling
was to have them ; if heifers, O'Callaghan was
to retain them. One of these heifers, red in
color, dropped a red-and-white roan bull calf
in the year 1792. which immediately became
the property of Colling. The other calf was a
heifer, which was kept by O'Callaghan. Colling
had an aged Short-horn cow, " Old Johanna."
bred by himself, of moderate quality, got by
"Lame Bull" (358), bred by Robert Colling.
That is all which is given of her pedigree, no
dam being mentioned. Yet Lame Bull had two
crosses of Hubback (319) in him, and his great-
grandam was by James Brown's Red Bull (97).
so far giving him an excellent pedigree. Old
Johanna not having bred a calf for two years
was put to this Son of Bolingbroke (from the
Calloway heifer), when a yearling, and he got
her in calf. The produce was another bull calf,
in 1794, Grandson of Bolingbroke (280). red and
white in color, which Colling also kept, being
three-fouvtlis Short-horn and one-fourth Gallo-
way lilood. Colliug's cow Plkvnix. tlie dam of
Favorite (252), had become somewhat aged, and
not having had a calf since the birth of Favorite.

44 A HISTORY OF SHORT-HORN CATTLE.

although put to good bails, as a last resort she
was coupled to this Grandson of Bolingbroke,
when a yearling, in 1795, and by him she had a
red-and-white heifer calf in the year 1796. This
calf Colling called " Lady." She had one-eighth
part Galloway blood. Proving a very good one,
Colling reared this heifer, and at maturity bred
her successively to his bulls Favorite (252), her
half-brother; Cupid (177), otherwise closely re-
lated to her; and to Comet (155), still more
closely related. She produced the heifers Coun-
tess, one-sixteenth Galloway, by Cupid; and
Laura, also one-sixteenth Galloway, by Favorite,
both of which proved fine cows. Her bull
calves were Washington (674), one-sixteenth
Galloway, by Favorite; also Major (397), one-
sixteenth; George (276), one-sixteenth; and Sir
Charles (592), one-sixteenth Galloway; the three
last ones by Comet (155). The two "alloy"
bulls, "O'Callaghan's Son of Bolingbroke"
(469), and "Grandson of Bolingbroke" (280), as
well as the cows Lady and her daughters Coun-
tess and Laura and some of their descendants,
were recorded in Vol. I, E. H. B., many years
after Colling had sold them, with their Gallo-
way cross distinctly stated.

Although very little of this blood remained
in the descendants of these so-called "alloy"
cattle at the time of the Ketton sale of 1810 —
the outcross having been buried fathoms deep

DEVELOPMENT OF THE IMPROVED TYPE. 45

by pure Short-horn blood — there was an effort
subsequently made to discredit them, but hap-
pily the controversy once waged over them no
longer interests practical breeders.

As to Robert Colling. — In his youth Robert
had been apprenticed to a grocer, but his health
declining he embraced farming. He had oftou
visited Mr. Culley, a noted farmer, stock-
breeder and agricultural writer, and took les-
sons from him in farming, turnip-growing and
stock-feeding. He had obtained Leicester sheep
from Bake well, and for many years bred and
sold them with great success, simultaneous with
his pursuit of cattle-breeding. His annual ram-
lettings were extensive and profitable.

Some of his earliest stock he obtained from
Mr. Milbank of Barningham. They were con-
sidered as among the best of the Teeswater
cattle, and noted for their excellent grazing
properties. He also selected the best cows to
be obtained from other breeders, and having
the bull Hubback (319), as previously stated, in
the year 1783, by which he had seventeen cows
served, it may well be supposed that he made
a ready and sure start through the best blood
and the best animals he could obtain in the
foundation of his herd. He bred with skill and
jutlgment, and founded several different fami-
lies, among the rest the Wildair. the Red
Rose, the Princess, the Bright Eyes, and oth-

46 A HISTORY OF SHORT-HORN CATTLE.

ers, which became in future hands, as well
as his own. widely noted as the basis of supe-
rior herds. He also bred many noted bulls.
Amon^ the earliest of them were Broken-horn
(95), by Hubback (319); Punch (513), by
Broken-horn; Ben (70). and Twin Brother to
Ben (660), by Punch; Colling's (Robert) White
Bull (151), by Favorite' (252); Marske (418), by
Favorite [his dam and grandam also by Favor-
ite; great-grandam by Hubback (319) — that
became a very noted bull, useful thirteen
years, and died at fifteen years old]; North
Star (459), by Favorite [and full brother to
the "White Heifer That Traveled"]; Phenom-
enon (491), by Favorite, and Styford (629) by
Favorite.

"The American Cow." — Among the cows
bred by Robert Colling was one which has ob-
tained celebrity, through her descendants, as
"The American Cow"; and it was a subject
of inquiry for many years, both in England
and America, why a cow so ancient in line-
age should have been called by a name so for-
eign to her birthplace, and after a country
where the Short-horns at that time were almost
unknown. We first find her name in the pedi-
gree of Red Rose, in first edition of Vol. I, p.
457, E. H. B, as follows: *'Red, calved in 1811,
bred by Mr. Hustler, property of Mr. T. Bates;
got by Yarborough (705), dam (bred by R. Col-

DEVELOPMENT OF THE IMPROVED TYPE. 47

ling and called The American Cow) by Favorite
(252), grandam by Punch (531), great-grandam
by Foljambe (263), great-great-grandam by
Hubback (319)."

In the above pedigree The American Cow is
originally identified. In Vol. II, p. 497, first
edition E. H. B., the same Red Rose is again re-
corded as Red Rose 1st, her dam being "The
American Cow," as before. In a conversation
with the late L. F. Allen, Mr. John Thornton
of London, who visited this country in the
winter of 1870-71, remarked that he had never
learned why the American Coio was so called,
although he had made diligent inquiries in
England for the reason.

The American history of the cow, as we have
been informed on authority which we deem
good, is this: In some year, not long after 1801,
a son of Mr. Hustler, who was a Short-horn
cattle-breeder in Yorkshire, emigrated to New
York, and brought with him some Short-horn
cattle, among which was this nameless cow, or
then heifer, afterward dam of the Red Rose 1st,
which his father bought of Robeit Colling.
The younger Hustler went into business in New
York city, and put his cattle into the adjoining
county of Westchester. After a few years' stay
in America he returned to England, and not
finding his Short-horns appreciated on this side
the ocean (as we find no record of tlioni or

48 A HISTORY OF ^HORT-HORN CATTLE.

their produce in this country) Mr. Hustler
took this cow back with him, as she was a re-
markably good beast, and put her into his
father's herd. Then, on being put to Yarbor-
ough, she became the dam of Red Rose, after-
ward purchased by Mr. Bates, he calling her
Red Rose 1st, which, in his hands, was the
ancestress of the tribe of Red Rose, from whom
many excellent animals have descended. The
only English account we have of The American
Cow, aside from her pedigree, which we have
quoted, is that "she was sent to America, and
taken back to England."

It is hardly necessary to follow Robert Col-
ling through the various particulars of his
breeding. The brothers bred much in concert,
followed the same system of blood concentra-
tion, and in fact were almost identical in their
practice. To sum up the results of their joint
action, it may be said that they^ in the midst of
older and more experienced breeders, combated
the rooted prejudices of the day, and through
the Bakewell system established a neiv school
of breeding.

The Ketton Dispersion. — Enjoying the pres-
tige of success and reputation, in the month of
October, 1810, Charles Colling made a public
sale of his herd at Ketton and retired from
breeding. It was then the heyday of agricul-
tural prosperity in the British Islands. Eng-

u

W

DEVELOPMENT OF THE IMPROVED TYPE. 49

land had engaged in the continental wars of
Europe against the first Napoleon; specie pay-
ments had been many years suspended by her
banks and at the national treasury; prices of
agricultural produce were highly inflated, and
so far as pounds, shillings and pence then rated
— probably quite double to what they were ten
years afterward — the sums which were bid for
his cattle were both unprecedented and enor-
mous. The sale was well advertised, and its
results marked an era in Short-horn history.
Twenty-nine cows and heifers fetched £4,066
13s., an average of £140 4s. 7d.; eighteen bulls
and bull calves brought £8,049 4s., an average
oi £169 8s., the forty -seven head selling for
£7,115 17s., an average of £151 8s. Three-
fourths of the cattle were got by the bulls
Favorite (252) and his son Comet (155), and the
remaining fourth by bulls of their get. Fur-
thermore, a large proportion of the cows were
in calf to Comet. This bull brought 1.000
guineas. The highest-priced female was one
of his daughters, the three-year-old Lily, that
brought 410 guineas. The "alloy" cow Count-
ess, "undoubtedly the finest cow in the sale/'
brought 400 guineas.*

• We quote relative to the sale from Thornton's Circular of April. 1S69.
a8 follows:

" The siile was on a fine October day, and early In the morninir people

rode and drove to Kotton, leavlu»r the'.r horsoa and pl<ra at the n<l;otnlng

'.irms; all the straw-yartia were full, ami tho throiip at the sali> timnt»use:

evi rytluntf was eaten up, so that breatl had to be sent for Into OarUiurtoa

4

50 A HISTORY OF SHORT-HORN CATTLE.

The Barmpton sales. — Eight years after the
sale of the Ketton herd Robert Colling, in the
5'ear 1818. made a partial sale of his stock, and

Mr. Kingston, the auctioneer, sold the cattle by the sand-g'lass, and in ac-
cordance with the custom of the time received about five g-iiineas for the
business, the work of the sale falling more ou the owner than the auction-
eer. The cattle were not fed up for the sale, but kept naturally, and sold
when they were in great condition from natural keep.

" The Ketton stock at this time is described by Mr. Wright as of great
size and substance, with fine, long hind quarters ; the space from the hip to
the rib was long and counteracted by a broad back and high, round ribs.
The shoulders of the males were upright, and the knuckles, or shoulder
points, large and coarse— a defect not so apparent in the females. The gen-
eral contour, or side view, was stately and imposing, but their great superi-
ority consisted in their extraordinary inclination to fatten. On handling
the skin was loose and pliant, and the feel under it remarkably mellow and
kind. The color was greatly varied, red. red-and-white, roan, and also
white being found in the same kindred, while in all cases of close affinity
there was a tendency to white, with red ears and spots.

"Many of the cows were excellent milkers, giving twelve full quarts at
a meal. Cherry, the first lot. was one of them, a plain cow in color, red and
a little white, whose descendants are now in existence in the neighborhood
Of Stockton-on-Tees and Malton, Yorks. Countess [alloy] was undoubtedly
the finest cow Ln the sale, but she wanted hair and milk; in character she
came nearest to Mason's style, and her b.ick and bell.v formed parallel
lines. She produced three heifers and the bull Constellation (U;3), in Maj.
Rudd's possession, and died in 1816. Selina [alloy] had the style of her
dam, Countess, but not her magnificent appearance; she bred ten calves at
Denton Park, and her descendants in the ninth and tenth generations are
still in existence at Siddington, Gloucestershire. Lady lacked elegance,
but had great substance and good hair: in color she was red-and-white.

•'Lil,v. pure bred, sold to Maj. Rudd for 4H0 guineas ($2,152), a splendid
white cow, was the highest-priced female, but did nothing In Maj. Budd's
possession. Daisy, a small roan cow. but a grand milker, was most fruit-
ful with Maj. Bower: nor dam. Old Daisy, who gave thirty-two quarts of
milk a day, had been sold to Mr. Hustler, who bred Fairy from her. the an-
cestress of Rev. J. D. JefEerson's Lady Abbesses. This Fairy was after-
ward bought by Mr. Bates, who reckoned ber to be the finest specimen of
quality imaginable: she tad a long, thick, downy coat, with a superb fles'h
tmderneath. which to a superficial observer appeared hard, the cow being
in a rapidly advancing condition. Cora [alloy], out of the 400-gulneas
cow Countess, had a pretty red frame, but ugly cock horns, and was re-
sold to Maj. Bower, who bred ten calves from her. Magdalene was a little
red cow. with a large bag and belly and short quarters; although the dam
of the celebrated red-and-white bull Blyth Comet (85). her only produce t>e-
Bides Ossian (470), she was not first rate, and wanted hair, yet when dry
had a great propensity to feed.

" The only cow that Charles Colling reserved was Magdalena [by Comet,
dam by Cupid], a great favorite and an extraordinary milker, giving six-

DEVELOPMENT OF THE IMPROVED TYPE. 51

in 1820 the closing sale, which finished his
career as a breeder. At the time of his first
sale, in 1818, he had been before the public as
a leading and prominent breeder thirty-eight
years, and at his final sale, in 1820, forty years.

teen quarts twice a day. Mr. Whltaker prevailed upon Charles Colling to
let him have her; the numerous and well-known ■ Chaff ' tribe is descended
from this cow.

" Comet (155) was the great attraction of the sale, and his close breeding
[by Favorite (252). dam by Favorite (252), out of Favorites (252) dam], did
not detract from his value or appearance. Charles Colling declared him to
be the best bull he ever bred or saw. He was a beautiful light roan, dark
[red] neck, with a fine masculine head, broad and deep breast, shoulders
well Inid back, crops and loins good, hind quarters long, straight, and well
packed, thighs thick, twist full and well let down, with nice straight hocks
and hind legs. He had f.iir-sizcd horns, ears large and hairy, and a gran-
deur of style and carriage thai was indescribable. It was admitted that no
bull 80 good had ever before been seen, and eminent breeders have since
said that they never again saw his equal. In one point, however, opinions
differed. Some few objected to his shoulders as not being good, or a little
too strong in the knuckles: others asserted that he was there, as in every
other point, faultless. The near shoulder was slightly shrunk in, appar-
ently diseased, which may have arisen from a violent sprain that he re-
ceived when a calf. When brought into the ring he was put up at 600
guineas. Thomas Newton, a small dairyman at Bishop Auckland, bid 850
guineas, and Mr. John Wright, standing beside him, asked why he bid? 'To
take in cows at a good prolit." said hi\ and while talking the glass run out
at 1,000 guineas ($5,000). Mr John Button of Marske, who was unable to get
to the sale, bid l.tJOO guineas for him, as well as Sir H. Vane Tempest, who
was delayed, and drove up just as the sale was finishing. Comet was
located at Cleasby, three miles from Darlington, and was kept in a small
paddock, with a loo.se bo.x in the corner. The condition of purchase was
that the four buyers should send twelve cows each annually to him, and
Mr. Wright was to have or e extra for his keep. Mr. Wright died in the
meantime, and Comet gradually sank, his body breaking out into sores,
liemus (550) is supposed to have been his last calf. Miss Wright kept a
man expressly to attend to Comet, and when the bull died he was buruHl In
the center of tho paddock, and a chestnut tree planted on his grave. The
paddock is known as -Comets garth' [enclosure] to this d.ny. Mr. Thorn-
ton of Stapleton purchased this field, and the tree having crown to an enor-
mous size was grutilied up on tlu^ M of February. IStVi. and Conu^fs skeleton
laid bare; his rib bone imasured two feet one inch, and th<> leg bone, knee
to ankle joint, nine Indies to tive inches circumference. Many of tho other
bones W(^re quite perfect, and the whole are preserved In a glass case as a
curiosity at Stapleton, near llarllnirton.

"North St.ir (4,')8). own brother to Comet, and a year younger, was nsed
and died at Gen. Simpson's in Flfeahire: he was a little lighter in color but

52 A HISTORY OF SHORT-HORN CATTLE.

Duringf all that time, like his brother Charles,
he had been a large seller of stock as well as a
considerable purchaser. He sold his surplus
animals to other breeders, through which the
blood of many of his best animals was im-
parted to their herds, since become famous.
Like his brother Charles, whenever he had
found a well-bred female whose superior good
qualities pleased him, if it were possible he
also availed himself, by purchase, of her merits.
As with the sale of Charles in 1810, the widely
advertised first sale of Robert in 1818, with a
greater number of animals, brought a large
attendance of the most spirited breeders of Eng-
land. It took place on the 29th and 30th days
of September. Sixty-one cattle were sold for
£7,852 19s., an average of £128 14s. 9d. The
top price was 621 guineas for the four-year-old

fully as fine in quality, or perhaps rather thicker, though not such a per.
fectly elegant animal as Comet. Young Phoenix, their dam, only produced
one other calf, a heifer, that died young.

•Major (397), a nice bull, but not particularly handsome, and of a red-
and-white color, begot much good stock in Lincolnshire for many years.
He was hired by Mr. John Charge, who bred Western Comet (089) by him,
out of Gentle Kitty. Western Comet was acknowledged to be the best bull
and finest stock-getter ever brought into Cumberland. He was used to his
daughters and granddaughters, and from this close alliance came the
Wharfdale tribe, recently so successful in Ireland. Petrarch (188) was a
splendid-looking bull, but wanted hair, whilst Northumberland (464), who
had big knuckles, was used, like Ossian (476) in Westmoreland, for several
seasons, both becoming celebrated sires. Ketton (346) also showed strong
knuckles and eventually went into NottinghamFhire. Albion (14) is said to
have done more good than any other bull used at Killerby [Thomas
Booth's]. Young Duchess, known afterward as Duchess 1st [bought by
Thomas Bates], was a fine red heifer and developed into a large, handsome
cow, with a good deal of the elegance and style of her sire. Comet. She
was never quite so splendid an animal as her graudam, the Duchess, by the
Daisy Bull (186)."

DEVELOPMENT OF THE IMPROVED TYPE. 53

bull Lancaster (360). Mr. Booth of Killerby
paid 270 guineas for the bull calf Pilot (496).
The final closing-out sale of the herd oc-
curred Oct. 3, 1820, and like that of 1818 at-
tracted wide attention. The forty-six head
brought £2,278 15s. 6d., an average of £49 8s.
7d., the highest price paid being 350 guineas by
Sir C. Loraine for the five-year-old bull Baro-
net (62). The total of the two sales was
£10,126 14s. 6d. Commenting upon these prices
Mr. John Thornton, than whom there is no
higher authority in England, says: " Although
the average of the Barmpton sale, 1818, was
under that of Ketton, 181-0, there is every
reason to believe that it was a better sale. In
1810 things were at war price and everything
high, w^iilst in 1818 there was i)eace and a gen-
eral depression upon agriculture. The "alloy*
blood, too, in the Ketton stock tended to pro-
mote competition for the purer strains at
Barmpton. The bulls are said by Mr. Wether-
ell to have l^een the finest lot he ever saw at
one sale. They doubled the average of the
cows, and, taking the highest-priced family
at Ketton against the highest-priced one at
Barmpton, we have the following result in favor
of the Barmi)t()n stock: At Ketton the Phoe-
nix tribe, sixteen (including Comet, 1.000 gui-
neas), averaged £221 ^Is.; at Barmpton the Ked
Rose tribe, eleven (including Lancaster, 621

54 A HISTORY OF SHORT-HORN CATTLE.

guineas), averaged £269 3s. 6d., and the thirteen
favorite Wildairs averaged £142 17s. 6d."

Pre-eminence of the Ceilings. — While the
Short-horn history of this particular period
must deal mainly v»dth the operations of the
brothers Colling, it v^rill of course be understood
that they had many intelligent contemporaries.
Whether the Collings really earned the right to
be called the first great improvers of the mod-
ern Short-horn, or whether they gained their
fame mainly by reason of the novelty of their
methods and their superior enterprise as adver-
tisers, the fact remains that more pedigrees in
the Short-horn herd books of England and
America trace to the Colling herds than to any
other dozen herds of the same period combined.
Manifestly there was some good reason for the
general adoi^tion of Colling blood. That the
breeders of that day conceded leadership to the
breeder of Foljambe, Favorite and Comet is in-
dicated by a testimonial tendered Charles Col-
ling on his retirement from breeding in 1810 —
a valuable piece of plate bearing the following
inscription:

PRESENTED TO

MR. CHARLES COLLING,

THE GREAT IMPROVER OP THE SHORT-HORXED BREED OF CATTLE,
BY THE BREEDERS

( Up ivarde of fifty') ,

WHOSE XAJIES ARE AXXEXED,

4S A TOKEN OP GRATITUDE DUE FOR THE BENEFIT THEY HATE DEBITED

FROM HIS JUDGMENT, AND ALSO AS A TESTUIONY OP

THEIR ESTEEM FOB HIM AS A MAN.

1810.

^Fr

THOS. BOOTH, OF KILLERBY.

' photoaniph of pointing, yt'pioduiid by lOiirtcsy of Riclutid JiooOi, Esi/..
W'ar/al'y. \p)/Ii AII,ytoii. Eii^/aiiJ.)

CHAPTER III.

FOUNDATIONS OF THE BOOTH HERDS.

Free ase of the Colling blood was made in
every herd of any imi^ortance in the Short-
horn breeding districts, but of all those who
availed themselves directly of the improve-
ment wrought at Ketton and Barrapton the
names of the elder (Thomas) Booth, Thomas
Bates, Christopher Mason, Earl Spencer and
Jonas Whitaker are among the most conspic-
uous. Indeed, one of the first things learned
by those who take up the study of the Short-
horn is the fact that for upward of half a cen-
tury the main question in the minds of a large
proportion of the breeders on both sides the
Atlantic seemed to have been whether to adopt
the Bates or the Booth line of breeding. As a
matter of fact, the cattle bequeathed originally
by the Messrs. Booth and. Thomas Bates were
unquestionably of the highest order of merit,
the former representing a type distinguished
especially for substance and flesh and the latter
a class of cattle of the dual-purpose sort, pos-
sessing much refinement of character and un-
doubted quality. In each case the stock repre-

(55)

56 A HISTORY OF SHORT-HORN CATTLE.

sented a remarkable concentration of blood,
possessed a singular uniformity in general
characteristics and displayed remarkable pre-
potency when crossed upon cattle of mixed or
miscellaneous breeding. In the "craze" that
set in for stock of one or the other of these
two great rival types both naturally suffered
from the very popularity that gave them prom-
inence. Speculators, as distinguished from
constructive breeders, appeared upon the scene
and a traflSc in "fashionable pedigrees" sprang
up which finally ended in disaster both to the
breed and to those who recklessly persisted in
their mad career of in-and-in or "line" breed-
ing, with its inevitable dangers intensified by
the retention for breeding purposes of all ani-
mals, good, bad and indifferent, that could trace
descent direct from Bates or Booth sources.
Particularly was this true of the Bates Short-
horns. The story of the rise and extension of
the Booth and Bates power forms one of the
most important parts of the Short-horn history
of the nineteenth century; and a knowledge
of the main facts connected therewith is as
essential as it may be useful to those who are
now engaged in the l^reeding of Short-horn
cattle. We therefore ^ext take up the narra-
tive of the origin of these two dominant vari-
eties, with incidental references to the work of
other early breed-builders.

FOUNDATIONS OF THE BOOTH HERDS. 57

The elder Booth.— Thos. Booth, the founder
of the group of tribes that still bear his name,
was the owner of the beautiful Yorkshire estate
of Killerby in the fertile valley of the Swale
and of Warlaby in the vale of the Wiske. He
began his work with Short-horns at Killerby
prior to the year 1790. In common with the
Col lings and nearly all of his other contempo-
raries, Mr. Booth endeavored to solve the prob-
lem of how to refine the old Teesw^ater stock.
He realized the faults of the prevailing type
and was among the first to concede that
through Hubback (319) and the Bakewell sys-
tem the Collings had probably hit upon the
long-sought line of progression. Unlike Mr.
Bates and many other breeders of the time, he
did not deem it essential, however, to go to
Ketton and Barmpton for females to carry on
his experiments. He had an idea that by cross-
ing moderate-sized, strongly-bred Colling bulls
upon large-framed, roomy cows showing great
constitution and an aptitude to fatten he could
improve even upon the work of the Collings.
To this extent, therefore, he must be credited
with greater originality than some of his broth-
er breeders. Moreover, the outcome revealed
that he possessed quite as much skill as he had
independence of character.

The first of the '•im])roved" or Colling bulls
selected for this purpose were Twin Brother to

58 A HISTORY OF SHORT-HORN CATTIifi.

Ben (660) and one of his sons, both bred by
Robert Colling. This brought in a strong in-
fusion of the blood of Hnbback, through Punch
(531) and Foljambe (263), in addition to which
the grand am of Twin Brother to Ben went to
Hubback direct.

The Fairholme experiment. — Among Mr.
Booth's earlier selections were five heifer calves
from a set of cows owned by a Mr. Broader of
Fairholme, a dairy farmer and tenant of Lord
Harewood in the parish of Ainderby; one of
which — Fairholme by name— became the an-
cestress of several illustrious families. The
dams of these calves were described as "fine
cattle; good dairy cows and great grazers when
dry; somewhat incompact in frame and steer-
ish in appearance, but of very robust constitu-
tion." Mr. Booth evidently put substance
ahead of points of less practical importance,
and from the very first regarded flesh-making
capacity and breadth of back and loin of more
value than persistent flow of milk. While
there were some cows of marked dairy capacity
in his original herd, they soon acquired a dis-
position to ''dry off" quickly and put on great
wealth of flesh, a trait which ever afterward
distinguished the best of the Booth cattle.

The result of the use of the Colling bulls
upon the Fairholme heifers fulfilled all expect-
ations. From this "nick" descended the Fair-

FOUNDATIONS OF THE BOOTH HERDS. 59

holme or Blossom tribe, the old Booth Red
Hose tribe and the Ariadne or Bright Eyes
tribe, from which group canje some of the best
of the Killerby and Warlaby cattle, among
others the noted Twin cow (by Albion), her
son Navigator and a score of great show cat-
tle, including such celebrities as Bloom, Plum
Blossom, Nectarine Blossom, Venus Victrix,
Baron Warlaby and Windsor.

Some foundation sires. — The first Colling
bulls were reinforced by the purchase of Su-
worrow (636), also of Barmpton breeding, and
full of the blood of Hubback and Favorite; and
the work of crossing these bulls upon carefully
selected cows of different origin was continued.
At Charles Colling's sale in 1810 the light roan
bull calf Albion (14) was purchased for sixty
guineas, and it is said that he effected even
greater improvement in the herd than the Ben
bulls or Suworrow. His get were uniformly
round-ribbed and stood near to the ground. He
was intensely bred in the Favorite blood, al-
though carrying also a cross of the so-called
"alloy" through Washington (674). Another
of the early sires was Pilot (496), of Robert
Colling's breeding, purchased at the Barmpton
sale of 1818 for 270 guineas; also overflowing
with the blood of Favorite (252). Still more of
the same blood was secured through Marshall
Beresford (415), bred by Maj. Bower, a brother-

60 A HISTORY OF SHORT-HORN CATTLE.

in-law of Mr. Booth's, from Comet (155) and
Charles Ceiling's Daisy.

Great care was taken in mating the animals
to try and breed out defects and establish de-
sired characteristics; and having, by a judicious
course of selection and the use of strongly-bred
Colling bulls, acquired a good degree of uni-
formity in essential points, the Bakewell idea
of breeding from close affinities was success-
fully adopted. No sooner had the successful
issue of the cross of the first Colling bulls upon
the Fairholme and other cows become apparent
than Mr. Booth began concentrating the blood
of their progeny. Sir Henry (597) and his son
Lame Bull (359) and Young Albion (15) were
among the earlier sires representing the fruits
of Mr. Booth's first inbreeding.

The Halnaby or Strawberry tribe. — An-
other foundation dam was a yellow-red and
white cow that appealed to Mr. Booth's prac-
ticed eye in the Darlington market about 1797.
She was bought and crossed with Colling blood,
and became the matron of a celebrated family.
The first named cow in the maternal line was
Halnaby, by Lame Bull (359). Bred to Albion
(14) she produced the noted stock-getter Young
Albion (15), the first of the Booth-bred bulls to
be let out on hire,* a practice which afterward

* Young Albion, accordingr to Carr, "went to Mr. Scroope's of Danby
Hall, near Mlddleham, who had a fine, large, robust herd of cattle, related
through some of the bulls used to the Collliig blood. In 1812 the Satiire of

FOUNDATIONS OF THE BOOTH HERDS. 61

became a settled policy in the management of
the Booth herds, and had much to commend it
for it enabled the owners to avail themselves
of the services of many bulls that developed
into great sires that would otherwise have been
lost to them in the ordinary course of selling.
From the Halnabys also came the bulls Rock-
ingham and Priam, the latter sire of the re-
nowned show "twins" Necklace and Bracelet.
To this same foundation also trace the Bianca
and Bride Elect sort. The famous cow White
Strawberry, the dam of the excellent stock bull
Leonard (4210), was the ancestress of Monk
Medora, Red Rose, and her "queenly" quar-
tette of daughters— Queen of the May, Queen
Mab, Queen of the Vale and Queen of the Ocean
—all by Crown Prince. Young Matchem (44-^-^)
descended from White Rose, an own sister to
Young Albion, and the same family gave
Young Rachel, the dam of Mr. Ambler's cele-
brated Grand Turk (12969). Indeed page,
might be filled with the triumphs in show-
yards and breeding herds of animals going
back to the yellow-red cow picked up bv
Thomas Booth at Darlington market

The Bracelets.-This familv was derived
fn^m one of the heifers sired by Suworrow.

n::::S':T::ft!^l:'^r^ ^°°'^ '^^ Bhow.-romunpanddozen-c.he
l^Muilu'^^^u'^'''''':'''' ""'"^^ '^""'^■'- ^^' '"-wn. the match ,o be

62 A HISTORY OF SHORT-HORN CATTLE.

Nothing is known of the cow from which she
was bred, but the Suworrow heifer became the
ancestress of a fine cow, Countess, dropped in
1812 to the cover of Albion, from whence de-
scended Toy, the dam of Necklace and Brace-
let, those twin tributes to the greatness and
genius of the Booths as cattle-breeders. From
the same source also came Col. Towneley's
Pearly and Mr. Ton-'s Young Bracelet family.

The earlier representatives of these Fair-
holme, Halnaby and Bracelet tribes constituted
Thomas Booth's breeding herd at Killerby up
to the year 1814, by which time he had acquired
a reputation as a skillful improver second to
none. At that early date the modern system
of high-feeding for the show-yards had not yet
come into vogue.* The breeding cows at Kil-
lerby were on pasture the greater portion of
the year, and were wintered mainly on hay.
Heifers were put to breeding at an early age —
generally calving as two-year-olds.

Richard Booth at Studley. — In the year
1814 Richard, son of Thomas Booth, leased the
farm of Studley, some fifteen miles south of
Killerby, near Ripon, and began breeding Short-
horns on his own account. He had been a close
student of his father's methods, and at Studley
carried the Booth stock to even greater perfec-

» Carr says that Mr. Crofton was the first to introduce the Idea of "train-
ing" Short-horns for show — '•'house-feeding' cows and heifers In summer
months."

FOUNDATIONS OF THE BOOTH HERDS. 63

tion than it had yet attained at Killerl)y. He
purchased from his father the cow Bright Eyes,
by Lame Bull, and her two heifers by Albion-
Ariadne and Agnes. Ariadne became at Stud-
ley the dam of the famous Anna by Pilot.*

The Isabellas,- - This great Studley tribe was
bred from another one of those Darlington
market cows— a roan of untraced breeding, ex-
cept that she was got by "Mr. Burrell's Bull of
Burden." Her color and her quality consti-
tuted her passport into Richard Booth's good
judgment. She is said to have possessed "a
remarkably ample development of fore quar-
ters," and Mr. Bruere, who afterward bred a
noted herd of Booth cattle, remarks that as a
schoolboy at Ripon he '• well remembered the
brimming pails of milk she gave.'' Bred to
Agamemnon (9), of the Killerby Bright Eyes
blood, she produced the " White Cow," which,
mated with Pilot, dropped '"the matchless Isa-
bella, so long remembered in show-field annals
and to this day quoted as a perfect specimen of
her race."t

•Anna was one of the beat show cows of ht-r liay. and In 1824 walked
from Studloy to Manchestor Show, -grahiliig first prize there, walking back
and produflng within a fortnlglu You.i^- A.nia." Anna is said to have borne
a close rcsor.iblaiico to Queeu of the Ocean. She also Rave birth to Ade-
lahle. tlio hi^'hest-pricod fc.nalo sold at tlio Studley sale in 18»«. and w.is the
errandain of Mr. Store: -s Princess Julia. From Amia. thromrh licr daujrhter

Youii!,' Anna, wore descended two of Mr. Torrs families: a-.' •■ • - ,.3

daut'hter of Bright Eyes, came Mr. Pawkes' Verbena ami h. is

Agamemnon, an own brother of Arl.idne. was "a bull of extr ~ ii>

sfince.frood hind duartors. heavy Hanks, deep twist and well-cover^ii nips-

tSpeakluK of l,s;ibt>ll;i. Mr. Oarr s.iys: -P.-deatrians crossing the fields

to the ruins of Fouuuin Abbey might pcnorally see her and Anna, perhaps

64 A HISTORY OF SHORT-HORN CATTLE.

It is said that " Isabella and her descendants
brought the massive yet exquisitely molded
fore quarters into the herd, and also the
straight underline of the belly, for which the
Warlaby animals are so remarkable," and the
same authority, Mr. Carr, adds: "That such a
cow should have had but three crosses of blood
is striking evidence of the impressive eflBcacy
of these early bulls, and confirms Mr. R. Booth's
opinion that four crosses of really first-rate
buUs of sterling blood upon a good market cow
of the ordinary Short-horn breed should suflB.ce
for the production of an animal with all the
characteristics of the high-caste Short-horn."
Isabella produced among other celebrities the
Royal prize- winning Isabella Buckingham; and
of all the cows owned by Richard Booth at the

the two best cows of their day, with a bloomingr bevy of fair heifers,
attended by Young- Albion; and many a traveler lingered on his way to
admire their buxom forms, picturing to himself, perhaps, how the monks
of the old abbey would have gloried in such beeves. Isabella was the Rev.
Henry Berry's beau ideal of a Short-horn. In 1823, Sir Cliarles Morgan hav-
ing offered a premium to promote a trial of merit between Herefords and
Short-horns, Mr. Berry wrote to the editor of the Farmers' Journal request-
ing him to give publicity to the following' offer: 'I will produce as a com-
petitor for Sir Charles Morgran's premium at Christmas next a Short-homed
eow, then nine yenrs old, expecting to drop her eighth living calf (at sepa-
rate births) In June now nest ensuing', against any Hereford in England
seven or nine years old having had calves for years in the same proportion.
I will also, on the same occasion, produce a Short-horn heifer three years
old, having had a living calf, allowing to the Herefords the same ample
scope — all England— for the production of a competitor. It will be obvious
to your readers that in thus pitting two individuals against so numerous a
tribe as the Herefords I must entertain considerable confidence in their
merits, and it will be as easy to draw a correct conclusion should my offer
not be accepted." The cow and heifer which, by permission of the owners,
Mr. Berry pioposed bringing into competition with the Herefords were Mr.
Whitaker's eow Moss Rose and Mr. Booth's heifer Isabella, by Pilot. The
challenge was not taken up."

FOUNDATIONS OF THE BOOTH HERDS. 65

time of the Stndley sale of 1834 she (Isabella)
alone was retained and transferred to Warlaby,
where she produced in her eighteenth year the
heifer Isabella Matchem, that proved a prolific
breeder. The entire family was noted for its
tendency to lay on flesh rapidly on grass.

"White Cow," by Agamemnon, produced be-
sides Isabella Lady Sarah and "'Own Sister to
Isabella," and was then sold to Mr. Paley. The
"Own Sister" became the dam of Blossom,
whose daughter Medora — sold to Mr. Fawkes— -
proved an extraordinary breeder.*

A Marshal Beresford cow, Madame, taken
from Killerby to Studley, became the matron
of a tribe that made up an important propor-
tion of the stock sold at the dispersion of 1834.
They were good milkers and ripened quickly
when not nursing calves. They were largely
descended through a cow called Miss Foote,
that was f lom Fair Maid, a daughter of Madame.

Probably the two best bulls used at Studley
were Pilot (496), hired from Killerby, and Julius
Caesar(1143).thelatterason of Young Albion (15)
out of one of the Killerby Red Roses by Albion

•A writer In B«/r« AfMSfnorr. probably Mr. William Housman Bjjeaklnp
of this cow. said: •■ A piMitlonian who has been conversant with the herds
of Groat Hritaln. for at least a Quarter of a century doclart^s that one of the
most Intcrcstiiifr slfrlits ho ever saw at an acrlcultural exhibition was on
the show prouiul at Dtloy some years ag-o. when, after the juilfrintr. the
fantouH Booth cow Meilora. V\v Anjbo. was led around the rlnjr. followed by
her six danphters. all of iheni. as well as the mother, decoratetl with prlte
favors. Thi> daujrhtors wore Guliiare, Halitee and ZuhMk.i (by Norfolk);
Victoria and F;ilr Maid of AtlnMia (by Sir Thomas Fairfax V and a heifer
named M.vrrba. by Rocklutrbam (.2660)."

66 A HISTORY OF SHORT-HORN CATTLE.

(14). This was called a very evenly-built bull,
and he proved exceedingly prepotent, a fact
which is not surprising in view of his strong
breeding. He traced six times to Thos. Booth's
Twin Brother to Ben. Pilot proved a great
stock bull in all three of the Booth herds. As
already stated, he was also very closely bred.
He was let for a time to Mr. Rennie, but his
stock developed such extraordinary merit that
he was recalled and freely used. He was a
small, compact bull, much inclined to put on
flesh.

As already .noted, the herd at Studley was
closed out in 1834. This step was greatly re-
gretted in later years by Mr. Richard Booth, but
Mrs. Lawrence, the proprietress ot Studley, re-
quired some of the best pastures for other pur-
poses, and there seemed no other course open
but a sale of the herd. Mr. Booth then retired
to Sharrow, near Ripon, until the following
year, when he succeeded to his father's herd at
Warlaby.

John Booth at Killerby. — In 1819, upon the
occasion of the marriage of his son John (brother
to Richard), Mr. Thomas Booth gave up Kil-
lerby and a portion of the herd to the former,
and removed to his other farm, Warlaby, near
Northallerton, taking with him to that place
a draft from the Fairholme (or Blossom) and

FOUNDATIONS OF THE BOOTH HERDS. 67

the old Red Rose tribes. The Bracelets were
all left for the son at Killerby."^

The period extending from 1820 down to
about 1835 was not characterized by the same
widespread interest in Shoii-liorn breeding
that had prevailed for twenty-five years pre-
vious, and we are without special particulars
concerning the Killerby and Warlaby stocks
during those years. Fox-hunting seemed of
more importance to a goodly section of the
Yorkshire farmers than the development of
their herds of cattle. Still there were some
who remained steadfastly by the work under
adverse circumstances, and among these the
Messrs. Booth and Mr. Bates were distinguislied
for their pertinacity and skill. As what may be
termed the more modern history of the Booths
may be said, therefore, to begin late in the
" thirties," we will leave tne story of the oper-
ations at Killerby and Warlaby at this point to
bring down to a similar date (1835) the work
undertaken by Thomas Bates and some of his
contemporaries.

• 'Killerby is one of the pleaaanteat of the pleasant homes of England.
It Is a substantial square mauor-hou3o. picturesquely sltuat»ed on a penile
eminence to the south of the river Swale, and two miles from Catterlck, the
site of the onoo Important Roman camp and city of Cataractonluin. The
house occupies the site of the ancient castle of KHlerby. once a stronfrhold
of great mafirnltude, founded in the reign of Edwani I. by Sir Brian Fltz.ilan.
Earl of Arundel. It Is approachetl by a ro;itl wlndlufr through verdant pas-
tures tlirown together hi the form of a park. a(iorni>d here and ilien' with
noble elm and walnut trees. The estat-^ eousisted of ;ibout fiOO acres of
arable and pasture land."'— Carr*!! Hiatoru-

CHAPTER IV.

THOMAS BATES AND THE DUCHESSES.

"A wonderful, wonderful man! He might
become anything — even Prime Minister — if he
would not talk so much." Such was Earl Spen-
cer's jocular but nevertheless close-fitting char-
acterization of Thomas Bates. Conspicuous
among all those who exercised powerful indi-
vidual influence upon the fortunes of the breed
after the dawn of the nineteenth century; par-
tially contemporary in time with tiie Collings,
although much younger in years, the unique
and interesting personality of Mr. Bates was
first projected into the field of Short-horn cat-
tle-breeding about the year 1800. From the
date of his death in 1849 for a period of about
a quarter of a century cattle bearing the Bates
blood were one of the great factors in the
Short-horn trade not only of England but of
the United States as well. During that period
so great was the demand for animals descend-
ing from his favorite Duchess tribe that a
range of speculative values unheard of before
or since was for a time established, the climax

(68)

THUS. I?ATKS. OF KI KK LK V INi; TON.

{liif'i 0>lii, ,\i hy r,'tir/,xf o/ C<iif:fii//ii,/,r y,t/tn /.\>/,v, l.,uiglfv CmsI!,-.
yorthnmhfrlainl, EiigtuHJ.)

THOMAS BATES AND THE DUCHESSES. 00

being reached at New York Mills, near Utica,
N. Y., in 1873, when the fabulous sum of
$40,600 was bid for a single specimen of that
family.

" Duke " bulls for years held the balance of
power in the American Shori-horn breeding
world, fashioning the type of cattle bred in hun-
dreds of herds. On account, therefore, of the
far-reaching influence exerted by them upon the
fortunes of the breed we must devote considei-
able space to the story of Thomas Bates and
how he conceived and carried out his pet plan
for the preservation of what he believed to
be the best of all the early Short-horn lilood.
Injudicious in-and-in breeding, the retention
for breeding purposes of all animals dropped
within the charmed circle of the Kirklevington
tril^es, regardless of individual character, and
the evil influence of certain reckless spec-
ulators, long since undermined the work of
Thomas Bates; but the main facts connected
with his career and the world-wide popularity
attained after his death by stock derived from
the Kirklevington herd must ever possess a fas-
cination for the student of Shori-horn history.
Moreover, they are not without a lesson to pos-
terity.

Early studies in cattle-breeding. — B«>ni at
Aydon Castle, >^'orthuml>erland, in 1775, at the
age of twenty-five bates leased the extensive

70 A HISTORY OF SHORT-HORN CATTLE. .

farm and estate of Halton Castle, a few miles,
distant from his birthplace. This was in the
Tyneside country, just west of Newcastle.
First adopting West Highland cattle for graz-
ing and fattening purposes he, like many other
intelligent farmers of that day, was deeply im-
pressed by the exhibition of fat Short-horn
stock of the Colling blood. It appears that the
young man had gained a considerable knowl-
edge of the Teeswater cattle before making his
first investments in them. After the fashion
of the time he was in the habit of visiting Dar-
lington on market or " fair " days, and there
met many of the most prominent Short-horn
breeders of the period. These markets were
held on Mondays and provided an admirable
opportunity for study and comparison. One
can readily appreciate the value to a beginner
in breeding of such a school as was provided by
these Yarm and Darlington fairs. Mr. Mason
of Chilton, the Joblings, the CoUings, Maynard
of Eryholme, the elder Booth, and many other
experienced men were in the throng of those
who constituted the Short-horn ''Senate" at
the King's Head and the Black Bull Inn.
Those market fairs of a hundred years ago,
from whence sprang the Royal and Smithfield
Shows, as well as our American State fairs, fur-
nished the first great stimulus to Short-horn
improvement and were the means of enlisting

THOMAS BATES AND THE DUCHESSES. 71

the interest of the farmers of all England in
tne breed, a fact which serves to emphasize the
far-reaching importance of such events and the
necessity of supporting them heartily at all
times.

Bates was a keen observer at the time he
began frequenting these market-places. The
heterogeneous mixture that had up to this time
constituted the old Tees water breed was rapidly
being fused into something like a homogeneous
type. The tires about the refining crucible were
burning brightly — especially at Ketton, where
appeal had been made to Bakewell's magic
power. Thomas Bates watched the workmen
at their task; visited among them, and finally
seized upon what he regarded as the best mate-
rial then in the hands of the master-spirits in
the business. He became quite intimate with
Charles Colling, and usually stayed at Ketton,
or with Mason of Chilton, from Saturday night
to Monday, on the occasion of his attending
Darlington market. It was at the great "fair"
held at this place on the first Monday in ^larch
in 17U9 that "'the wonderful Durham Ox" was
exhibited; but while the great Colling steer was
astounding the gaping crowd the thoughts of
the bright young Northumberland farmer were
othenvise engaged. Another beast of KettiMi
breeding was claiming his close attention. He
was meditating the selection of foundation

72 A HISTORY OF SHORT-HORN CATTLE..

stock for a breeding herd, and had been espe-
cially attracted by a roan heifer of the Duchess
blood shown upon this occasion by Charles Col-
ling. He doubtless knew by hearsay of the ex-
cellence of the original Stan wick cow of that
name already referred to, and his good opinion
of this particular roan heifer was heightened
by the fact that he "thrice met Mr. Thompson,
a well-known judge of stock from Northum-
berland," by her side during the day.

The Durham Ox was got by Favorite (252)
out of a common black-and-white cow bought
at Durham Fair; but^ like his sire, the steer was
roan, a fact of interest, in connection with the
bullock's wonderful character, as foreshadow-
ing the prepotency of sires representing a
strong concentration of blood. Among other
remarks heard by Mr. Bates from those who
were discussing the great steer was one to the
effect that the most perfect animals likely to be
bred in the ensuing years would be those sired
by Favorite out of Hubback cows. This thought,
it is said, took deep root in the young man's
mind and governed him largely in his subse-
quent choice of breeding stock.

Original investments. — On May day, 1800,
•Bates took possession of the Halton Castle Farm.
In March of that year he had bought his first
Short-horn. It does not appear, however, as if
he had at that time made up his mind fully as

THOMAS BATES AND THE DUCHESSES. 73

to which was the best Colling blood; for this
initial purchase was a heifer sired by lien out
of a cow called Venus, that was an own sister
to the roan two-year-old heifer Mary which
Colling sold to Gen. Simson of Fifeshire, Scot-
land, in 1806 for 300 guineas. Subsequently
Bates changed his mind about tne blood of Ben
and expressed great aversion for it. This would
indicate that the heifer for some reason did not
do well at Halton. The great price (for 1800)
of 100 guineas was paid for her. the largest sum
Colling had up to that time received for a cow.
Mr. Bates and his friends claimed that the pay-
ment of this fancy figure was a prime factor in
giving the Ketton stock prestige over the other
herds of that period.

In the fall of 1800 Mr. Bates bought from
Robeit Colling some young steers sired by Fa-
vorite (252) for feeding purposes. He hired
Daisy Bull (186) from Charies Colling, and aft-
erward bought him for thirty guineas. In 1803
he hired Styford (629) from Robert Colling.
Both were by Favorite (252). Some West
Highland heifers had meantime l)eeu acquired,
as Mr. Bates at that time believed that by cross-
ing them with good Short-horn bulls feeding
stock could be obtained that would be superior
to any but the l)est types of the Shoit-horns of
that period. The Colling bulls named were
therefoie obtained mainly for crossing piu-

74 A HISTORY OF SHORT-HORN CATTLE.

poses. Both Daisy Bull and Styford are sakl to
have revealed clearly the Hubback character in
their hair and handling.

The Duchess blood. — About this time a very
substantial legacy was received from an aunt,
and this enabled Mr. Bates to go on with his
Short-horn breeding. For 100 guineas he
bought from Charles Colling: in 1804 the cow
Duchess, by Daisy Bull (186), then four years
old and in calf to Favorite. A heifer from her
was also bargained for at sixty guineas, but at
Mrs. Colling's request was given up and returned
to Ketton. In this cow Bates claimed to have
secured not only the best cow in England but
the only one then living running direct from
Hubback to Favorite. He was very anxious to
breed her to Mr. Charles Colling's Duke (224),
by Favorite, then going . out on hire to a Mr.
Gibson, and although promised the service was
unable to secure it— a fact which led to bad
blood between Bates and Colling. In 1805
Duchess, by Daisy Bull, produced a bull calf,
Ketton (709), by Favorite (252), which was re-
tained for subsequent service. She dropped
one heifer, Baroness, by St. John (572), but be-
coming a "shy" breeder was reluctantly sold
to Mr. Donkin of Sandhoe, and as she did not
in his possession settle down to bulls of desired
form and quality her other calves (all bulls) did
not carry the blood Mr. Bates sought. She was

t-A:

DlJCHKSvS. by DAISY lUILL (186): Bred by Chas. Collin;,'-.

KETTON Ist (709); Bred by Chas. CoIIiiik:.

THOMAS BATES AND THE DUCHESSES. 75

always a deep, rich milker, making as high as
14 lbs. of butter per week, and when fed off at
seventeen years of age she is said to have made
an excellent carcass of beef.

Bates had made up his mind that this Duch-
ess blood was the most valuable strain in the
entire breed and resolved to persevere in his
eifoits at acquirir.g it.* At the Ketton disper-
sion in 1810 he bought Young Duchess, a gi-and-
daughter of Duchess by Daisy Bull, sired by
the 1,000-guinea bull Comet (155), at 183 guin-
eas. She was evidently not one of the best
individuals in that memorable sale. Indeed
slie was pronounced "shabby"' by the whole
neighborhood about Halton, Mr. Bates Sr.,
in particular, ridiculing his sou's purchase.
Thomas relied upon her breeding and her qual-
ity, however, and bided his time. Under the
name of Duchess 1st she proved the ancestress

'In a letter written to Mr. Bailey In 1810 Bates said: -A heifer of this
Duchess breed, beinp the first calf got by old Favorite, weighed when little
more than thn-oyears old within six pounds of 100 stone, fourteen pounds
to the stone, and was allowed to be a preater curiosity than the Ketton ox
of the same are when shown with him at Darlington li, the sprint' of IT-w
The DtKllgr,.e of Vounf. Duchess as I received It from Mr. and Mrs. OolUng
is thus: By Conu-t. dam by F.-,vorlte: prandam by Daisy (a son or Favoi-
Ite); gr,-at-grand,im by Favorite: great-pnat-prandam bv Hubbaek: great-
jreat-great-graud.im by Mr. Browns famous old bull of AldbnM>ph And
what adds to the v.alue of this petllgr.-e is that the cow by Mr. Browns old
bull was as good as any of the tribe since, without her of course b^-lng Im-
proved by those bulls which have so much ben.-fltrd the other tribes of
Short-horns. Mrs. Colling .as.sured me that this tribe h.as always U-cn the
b.>s milking tribe. This Dueh.vss tribe Is the only Inst.tnce now r,Mnalnlng
of the produce of Hubb.ieklx-lng put to Favorite without eomeothor bull
Mfrvenlng. which elr<.umsf.ince. added to their lK>lnp a great mllk-and.
butler tribe, gives them a pi-o-eininence over any other tribe of Short
horns. •

)

76 A HISTORY OP SHORT-HORN CATTLE.

of the far-famed Duchess family, which ulti-
mately became the highest-priced and most-
widely-sought tribe known in Short-horn his-
tory. He immediately began asserting with
characteristic assurance the extreme value of
this heifer on account of her descent, and an-
nounced that lie would not take £1,000 for his
bargain ! Such was the beginning of the Duch-
ess "boom.''

Student, experimenter and exhibitor. — In
1810, at the age of thirty-five years, this ambi-
tious Northumberland tenant farmer became a
student at Edinburgh University — a fact which
should not be without its lesson to those who
at the present day are wrestling with the prob-
lems presented by our modern agriculture. His
course of lectures embraced not only practical
agriculture but mental and moral science. He
took copious notes which have been preserved,
from which it is clear he made good use of his
time. After his return to Halton we find him
busy with various farming and feeding opera-
tions and experiments in the handling and stor-
ing of forage crops. It took, in his opinion, a
working capital of five times the amount of
one's rent to farm profitably. At Halton he
employed a capital of £7,500, one-half of which
he had expended under his twenty-one-year
lease in permanent improvements, of which he
only had the benefit during the unexpired term

THOMA.S BATES AND THE DUCHESSES. 77

of the lease. Not satisfied with this sort of a
situation he bought a portion (1,000 acres) of
the manor of Kirklevington, near Yarm, in
Yorkshire, for £30,000, of which £20,000 was
paid in cash. This property, then as now, pre-
sented no very flattering prospect to a good
farmer. The land is a cold clay, fairly good for
grass, but requiring careful management for
tillage.

Mr. Bates always had regard for the milking
trait in his cattle, and conducted extended ex-
periments to determine the relation betw^een
quantity and ((utility of milk and butter. It is
related that the cow Duchess, by Daisy Bull,
"gave on grass alone without other food in the
summer of 1807 at Halton fourteen quarts of
milk twice a day. Each quart of milk, when
set up and churned separatel}', yielded one and
one-half ounces of butter or forty-tw'O ounces
a day. The butter was made up for the New-
castle market in ten and one-half-ounce pack-
ages, which were sold at one shilling each. The
skim-milk was bought by the laborei-s at a penny
a quart, and allowing two shillings for the sub-
traction of the cream tliis made 14s. 4(1. a week.
Altogther. therefore, the cow brought in more
than two guineas a week.'' He insisted that
many breeders were nuikiug ii mistake in dis-
regarding the dairy tjualities of their cattle.* a

•"On a oortain occasion Mason of Chilton oalloil to brt^akfont at Hallon
Barbara QIIch, tbu housukeoix-r, had Ju»t put the week's butter In rtvMllnoss

78 A HISTORY OF SHORT-HORN CATTLE.

point which is not without its practical appli-
cation at the present time. He was also an
earnest student of feeding problems, and two
of his steers, "the brindled ox" of 1808 and
"white ox" of 1810, attracted much attention
and attested his skill in that direction. He ex-
perimented carefully upon the relative merits
of the systems of soiling and grazing, and in a
memorable address to the Boards of Agriculture
of the United Kingdom made a strenuous plea
for extended experimentation as to the various
breeds of live stock. It thus appears that
Thomas Bates was wide-awake to the necessi-
ties of his time in relation to successful farm-
ing, and in some respects at least a long way in
advance of his contemporaries.
Bates was an exhibitor of cattle at the Tyne-

for the Newcastle market on the Saturday, and Bates told him that however
ready he was for breakfast he should have none until he had counted the
butter. There were 300 half-pounds to go to the market, besides what was
used in the house and sold at home. There were then thirty cows which
had calved, and the butter sold for above one shilling' the half pound. This
left more than ten shillings for each cow In butter alone, besides the value
of the milk otherwise sold, while all the calves were reared by the pail
and none allowed to suck. Had all the milk been creamed and made into
butter there would have been twice the number of pats. Mason, thrown
off his guard at this display of dairy produce, confessed to Bates: "you.
can go on breeding Short-horns because they pay you in milk, butter and
beef, but we cannot do so unless we sell them at high prices to breeders.''
Mason, as Bates plainly told him, was keeping at the time three sets of
cows, one to breed calves and then get dry (which was no hard matter) in.
order to attract notice by their high condition, a second as wet nurses to
rear the calves, and a third to supply his family with milk and butter.
"This," Bates added many years afterward, " Is a system that would ruin
any man if he had the land rent free and no outgoings to pay, yet many con-
tinue to pursue this reckless course in order to gain premiums, attract pub-
lic attention and gratify their vanity at the cost of their pockets."'— JViTTner's
Magazine,

THOMAS BATES AND THE DUCHESSES. 79

side shows, held sometimes thrice a year, from
their inception in 1804, and was successful at
every show until that of 1812, when he consid-
ered himself shabbily treated by the judges.
So incensed was he at the decisions here that
he never afterward entered the show-yard as a
competitor until the York meeting of 1838.

Bulls first used on the Duchesses. — As
already mentioned. Duchess- by -Daisy Bull,
claimed as the best Short-honi cow of her time,
dropped to the co\ er of Favorite (252) a bull
which was named Ketton in honor of his Col-
ling derivation. This was the first bull of the
Duchess blood owned and used l)y ]\Ir. Bates,
and in spite of his "close" breeding was a
beast of strong constitution and possessed of
the refinement and character so earnestly
sought.* He was undoubtedly a good bull, al-
though his portrait — drawn in 1814 — would in-
dicate some prominence of hip and lightness of
flank. He was red-aud-white and remained

*More than sixty years afterward Mr. William Cliarlton. who h-id Ilveil
near Bates and nUiniati'ly Hettleil at Siition in Essex, wrote: "I tliink I can
see the trranci olil animal standln? in tlie bull park with his flue head and
placid countenance, liia beautifiillj--arched neck, his deep and roomy chest.
Ills short and widi'-spread le^rs, his handsome shoulders and full crops, his
long, straijrht and level back, his heavy flank and deep ribs, his well-
formed, beautiful quarters and heavy thi^'hs. and his tall so nicely sot na to
pivo symmt'try to lil.s wliolo frame. How oft on my youthful mind was
impressed tlie idea that I shoultl never see his like a?aiu! His inmpe was
so Imprinted upon my memory tliat whenever I betran to ex.'" "• ■ '"-(.'o
bull Ki'Jton canjo full in view, and tlien many defects were Si''
Still, aUl'.OMirh Mr. Hates us»>d Ki'tton for so many years, .•» D... r

or bullock could easily be picked out of lila herd. Tlieiv w.as st^uittli.n: In
their very countetianee and in tlielr prominent jrait. and, above all, In their
8upi>rlor touch like none else. In that last quality they had no equalti."

80 A HISTORY OF SHORT-HORN CATTLE.

seven years in service. This is the bull of which
"Tommy" Thompson, the cowman, said, "he
never got a middling calf" — all were regarded
as above the average.

From 1816 to 1820 the bulls Ketton 2d (710)
and Ketton 3d (349) (the former a son and the
latter a grandson of Ketton 1st) were used, but
their get were not equal to the progeny of the
son of the old Duchess cow. Ketton 2d was
out of an unnamed cow by a grandson of Fa-
vorite; second dam by J. Brown's Red Bull, but
Ketton 3d was a Duchess, sired by Ketton 2d
out of Duchess 3d by Ketton 1st; second dam
Duchess 1st by Comet. The earnestness with
which Mr. Bates adopted the Bakewell scheme
of in-and-in breeding is here apparent. He nev-
ertheless tried the experiment of breeding to
Marske (418), then thirteen years old, a roan of
Colling blood that Maynard had bought at the
Barmpton sale. This brought in a dash of good
fresh blood. Although Marske was a son of
Favorite (252) his dam was Robert Colling's
noted cow Old Bright Eyes, that gave fifteen
quarts of milk twice per day. Bates had owned
a sister to Marske for some years, and regarded
the family as one of the best of the day — al-
ways of course excepting his favorite Duch-
esses. The Marske cows, however, did not
fully meet his expectations, and he sent Duch-
ess 3d, by Ketton 1st, to Donkin's to be bred to

THOMAS BATES AND THE DUCHESSES. 81

Duke (226), the Duchess bull by Favorite. This
was getting back direct to the highly-prized
blood, and Bates spoke to Lord Althoi-pe of this
mating as ''the only hope of the Short-horns."*
When we recall the fact that the fruits of a
long period of careful breeding were at that
time in the hands of contemporary breeders we
have m this remark a characteristic illustration
of the arrogant position Mr. Bates was wont
to assume in reference to his own cattle.
So persistently did he assert their superiority
that his claims, together with the admitted
merit of his stock, at length began to make
an impression.f Lord Althorpe became one of
his patrons, hiring the young Duchess bull His
Grace (311) for service at Wiseton. Mr. Whit-

•"! will plve you fifty ^lineas for thechance. calf or no calf." said Lord
Altnorpe. " I would not take 200 pulneas for the chance." was Bates' reply
In response to Lord Althorpe's InvltaUon Bates stayetl at Wlseton for the
Doncaster meeting of 182(1. As the party were leaving the dining-room after
dessert Lord Althorpe. tiirnlnfr to one of his friends, said of Bates- '• Won-
derful man: Wond.-rf iil man ! He might become an.vthlng. even Prime Blln-
ister, if he would not Uilk so much."

t James Pawcett of Soaleby Castle gave this description of the Duchesses
about this dat.-: -The character of the Duchesses at this time wa« that of
good and liandsome wldo-spn-ad cows, with broad backs, projecting loins
and ribs, short legs and prominent bosoms. The he.Td was g.-neniUy In-
cliued nith.r to IH- short and wide than long and narrow, with full clear
eyes and muzzl... tl„. o.-.rs r.uh.r long and hairy, the horns of considerable
length but of fp.e. waxy qu.Hlty. They were goo,l tullk.-rs. and had for the
most part a rotn.sl. h.-althy app..aranoe. Tlulr col.-r was almost unlformh-
eu, with. In many of th.ni. a tindency to whit.- about the flank Thov hiA
also generally wha» Mr. Bates called the Duchess spot of white above the
nostril. A strange .inomalyoccurn^l in th.> case of Duchess 6th I r,x-ol-
Icct h,.r being cilv-.l. .Si,., was very handsome and of the most ortbo,1ox
color, but will, .-, round spot of s,>v..n.l Inches on th.. flank, of the deein-at
black. W h..th,r this ln<llcate<l a harkln,: back to soni,. ancestral Hlghl.ijd
alloy or a freak of the cow's ImaglnaUou Is a curious . v.esUon."

e

82 A HISTORY OF SHORT-HORN CATTLE.

a,ker had hired Ketton 3d and subsequently ex-
changed him to Lord Althorpe for His Grace.

From Halton to Ridley Hall. — Although the
Kirklevington property had been bought in
1811, the lease of Halton did not expire until
1821, and Mr. Bates continued in possession
there until that date. Either because he was
loath to leave Northumberland, or because his
Kirklevington land had not yet been brought
into the desired state of fertility, he purchased
Ridley Hall on the South Tyne. to which he
removed from Halton in May, 1821. In a let-
ter written to Jonas Whitakcr in 1822 Bates
said:

"I have now two bulls (The Elarl and Duke 2d) by Duke out of
Duchess 3d, the dam of Ketton 3d, aad a heifer by Marske (Duch-
ess 7th) out of the same cow and bulled by Tne Earl, and for the
three I would not take 3,000 guineas, bad as times are for farmers.
Old Ketton's stock were the up-making of me, and now that I
have again got the blood pure of other mixtures I shall never again
part with it for any other tribe of Short-horns I have ever seen."

The ''hope of the Short-horns" proved to be
a bull which was named The Earl (646) and
used extensively for four or five years at Ridley
Hall. He was succeeded by his son 2d Hub-
back (1423). This bull was bred from a cow
called Acklam Red Rose (or Red Rose 1st), of
Colling derivation, that Bates had bought from
a Mr. Hustler, and he ^rew into what is said to
have been the best of all the earlier bulls used
in the herd. His dam (from whom the Cam-
bridge Roses and the American Rose of Shar-

THOMAS BATES AND THE DUCHESSES. 83

ons descended) possessed old Hubback's hand-
ling quality. He was a light-red bull said to
have been remarkably perfect in his points
and evenly and smoothly fleshed. His stock
were uniform in shaj)e, color, hair and handling,
" as well as in countenance." His heifers all
proved good milkers. We have in his case
another illustration of the fact that strongly-
bred sires very often get their l^est stock from
cows not bred "in line." Certain it is that The
Earl's best calf was 2d Hubback from a Red
Rose dam^ none of the bull calves from the
Duchesses equaling him.*

It is said that while at Ridley Hall Bates took
no steps to bring his herd before the public.
He rarely let any bulls and kept no bull calves
except those he thought he might require for
himself or which his friends desired for their
own herds. He used the knife freely and fed
off his steers, as well as such cows and heifers
as did not settle down to breeding at an early
age. Many a good female was undoubtedly
thus sacrificed. He never had calves born dur-
ing the three summer months. He very seldom
sent any fat cattle to the market. The princi-

•2d HubbacU'8 measurements at eight years old have been handed down
as follows: Girth at crops. 8 feet; elrth at ribs, 9 foet3 Inches; plrth hooks
over tliiok of tlaiik. S feel 4 liiches: brt>ailth of hooks. 2 feet 6 luolies plumb;
leiiK-tli from breast plumb to tall. 0 feet; lenpth of rumps. 2 fei't; len^h
from breast to crops. 2 feet; li>iurth from crops to hooks. 2 feet; (rtrth of
fore le^ below the kueu, 8 Inches; girth of horn at root next the hnad, 8
Inches.

84 A HISTORY OF SHORT-HOEN CATTLE.

pal butchers in Newcastle and Shields came to
buy his stock at home.

Removal to Kirklevington.— May 1, 1830,
Mr. Bates transferred his residence and breed-
ing operations from Ridley Hall — which he had
sold — to Kirklevington; included in the herd,
which was driven across country, being "fifty
cows and heifers by 2d Hubback, all as alike as
beans and leaving a great impression wherever
they passed." 2d Hubback was let the following
year to Whitaker, and, disappointed in the de-
velopment of a yearling bull from Duchess 22d
that he had intended to use, Bates bought from
Whitaker for 100 guineas the bull Gambler
(2046) by Bertram (1716), a bull of Colling's Old
Daisy tribe that had just been sold to Col.
Powell for shipment to America. Gambler's
dam was of the Western Comet or Gentle
Kitty blood. Gambler did not satisfy Bates as
a stock-getter, and hearing of Mr. Stephenson's
roan bull of the old Princess blood he went to
see him.

Belvedere (1706) of the Princess blood.— In
the accepted accounts of the purchase of this
bull we have a striking example of Mr. Bates'
supreme self-confidence. He believed in the
Hubback and Duchess blood above everything
else. He claimed he had founded his herd
upon the best cow of the breed in her day.
Re had been successful with Ketton 1st and The

THOMAS BATES AND THE DUCHESSES. 85

Earl, both Duchess bulls, and with 2d Hubback,
son of a Duchess bull, but had little luck with
sires tried from other sources. The tribe was
now very closely bred and he seemed at a loss
to know how to proceed. He had up to 1831
bred but thirty-two Duchess cows in as many
years. In brief the tribe had not been prolific,
and whenever cows passed over a year or two
he fed them off. He would not admit that
other contemporary bloods were worthy of
being crossed upon his Duchesses. He had
spoken his mind freely concerning the breed-
ing of nearly all the other herds of the district
and had awakened many antagonisms. He
would not use anything that carried the so-
called ''alloy" blood. In short he was seri-
ously hampered in his search for sires by rea-
son of the fact that he had "blacklisted" nearly
all the available material. At the same time
he now required fresh blood.

He had long held in respect the old Robert
Colling Princess strain. The original cow of
that name carried a double cross of Favorite
on top of Hubback. This was a combination
which in his radical opinion constituted a
prime source of Short-horn excellence. He
was not aware that any bull descending direct
from this base without admixture of (to him)
objectionable blood was at that late date ob-
tainable. 13y chance, however, he learned that

86 A HISTORY OF SHORT-HORN CATTLE.

John Stephenson of Wolviston had a roan bull
SO descended, and he lost no time in looking
him up. His purchase of Duchess 1st at the
Ketton sale on account of her breeding rather
than her individual merit illustrated his unfal-
tering faith in the doctrine that "blood will
tell." With this case in mind it is reasonably
certain, in view of the trouble he was now in
with his Duchesses, that Bates went over to
Wolviston prepared to buy this precious Prin-
cess bull — "the last of a long race of well-de-
scended Short-horns" — fairly regardless of the
appearance of the animal himself. At any rate
we are told that on passing by the bull-barn
the head of Belvedere (1706) — for such was his
name and herd-book number — was visible, and
that the moment Bates caught sight of it he
expressed a positive determination to secure
the bull. Not every man will buy a breeding
bull solely for the blood that flows in his veins.
Still less would the average man be likely to
settle so important a matter by a mere glimpse
of a bull's countenance. Bates had his own
peculiar ideas about breeding, however. He
was not governed by the ordinary rules observed
by his contemporaries, and his swift decision
to buy at any price this roan bull at Wolviston
— evidently made as soon as Stephenson had
told him how Belvedere was bred, and before
he had seen the bull at all — may be cited as

THOMAS BATES AND THE DUCHESSES. 87

one of the instances where he manifested real
gemus as a cattle- (Dreeder. Belvedere's sire,
Waterloo (2816), and dam, Angelina 2d, were
own brother and sister; the pedigree therefore
represented an extraordinary concentration of
the blood of old Princess* and Favorite (252).

There was really something of a bull went
with that head and pedigree. Belvedere was
six years old at the time Bates bought him.
Stephenson was allowed to name his own price
and was modest enough to place it at £50. This
occurred June 22, 1831. The next day the bull
was driven to Kirklevington. Xo sooner had
Bates got him than he announced that he would
by the union of the Princess and Duchess blood
produce ''Sliort-hornssuch as the world has never
seen," and in the opinion of some capable judges
he very nearly made good his boast. The bull
with which he boldly proclaimed he would make
the "hit" of his life as a ])reotler was a l^ig one,
possessing extreme length and heavy shoulders,

• The Princess cow had been bought orlplnally from Robert ColUngr by
Sir Honry Vane Tempest at the reputed frreat price of 7W) pulneas. Sir
Henry's widow, tlio Countess of Antrim, had the cow bonpht at the Wyn-
yard sale In 18ia. and sent her to Bannpton to lx> bretl to the bull Wellington
(080), a son of Comet (IS.'i). ColUnp told her a^ent that he •• never allow^xl
any poiitleiuan's cows " to be served by his bull, and so could not comply
with Lady Aiilrlms reiiucst. The apent of the Countess 8iart«^>d to return
to Wynyard. when Colllnp's servant came runidntr after him to say that ho
had told his master tliat Princess was ijot a jrentleman'8 cow but a lndy'8,
and that CoUlnfr was so amusetl at the sly Intercession that he at once
walve<l his rule \ipon the point of plvluR his bxills 8ervlc«>s to other bn^xl-
ers and would permit Princess to be bri^l. Thi> thrifty Yorkshln- man.
howev(>r. (lid not p.Tmlt his pallantry to iire\ent Ills charp-lnir her l.idyship
ten pood pidneas for the service. The produce of this coupUn* was the
bull Youug Wyui-ar^l. slro of Waterloo t2S10).

/

88 A HISTORY OF SHORT-HORN CATTLE.

but was a yellow-roan, evidently full of quality;
'soft as a mole to the touch." He had the
"hot-blood temper" of his sire Waterloo, and
it took three men to get him safely started off
down Sandy Lane the morning he left Ste-
phenson's to begin the work of regenerating
the Duchesses.

The breeding of bulls to their own dams or
daughters was a common occurrence at Kirk-
levington prior to the time of Belvedere. None
but inbred Duchess bulls had been used upon
cows of this favorite family except Marske
(418), of the Bright Eyes blood, and 2d Hub-
back, by the Duchess bull The Earl (646) out
of Hustler's Red Rose. The cross of Belvedere
upon the Duchess and other tribes which Mr.
Bates had meantime acquired proved the sound-
ness of his judgment. The Princess bull was
used extensively until twelve years old and
then slaughtered. This was in 1837. He did
much for the herd, siring, among other noted
animals, the famous Duchess 34th, which, bred
back to her own sire, gave Mr. Bates his great-
est bull— Duke of Northumberland (1940). The
Duke was but two years old at the time Belve=
dere was sent off, so that an elder son of Bel-
vedere—Short Tail (2621), from Duchess 29th
(and said to have been a better bull than his
sire) — was placed in service. His dam, Duchess
29th, was got by 2d Hubback out of one of

THOMAS BATES AND THE DUCHESSES. 89

that bull's own daughters, Duchess 19th. ^o
that the practice of breeding from close affini-
ties went steadily on.

The cross of Whitaker's Norfolk. In lSo4
Felix Renick and his colleagues, representing
the Ohio Importing Co., visited England to bu}'
Short-horns. Bates showed them every atten-
tion and offered them some of his best cows
and heifers, including Duchess 34th. He seems
to have indulged his loquacity to its fullest
extent upon his American visitors, tendering
advice freely as to the other English herds of
that period. Among otliei- characteristic "point-
ers" given was one to the effect that Belve-
dere's sire, Waterloo (2816). then in his six-
teenth year, and Norfolk (2877) were "the only
two bulls besides Belvedere that were in the
least likely to get good stock." What the
Americans bought on this memorable visit will
be dealt witli in a sul)sequent chapter.

Norfolk (2877), a handsome roan Imll was
then but two years old. Ho had been lued l)y
Mr. Whitakerand sold to Mi". F. H. Fawkes of
Farnley Hall. His sire was Mr. Bates' 2d Hiib-
])ack, and Ins dam Noujiareil l\v Magnet (224(1),
running down thi'ongh the Colling blood to a
Hubback cow at tiie base, 'i'hat I>ates was sin-
cere in his advice to tlu^ Americans cannot
be doubted, for siiortly afterward lie sent live
of his own l)est cows to be bulled by Norfolk.

90 A HISTORY OF SHORT-HORN CATTLE,

But three of these stood to the service — to- wit.:
Duchess 33d, Waterloo and Blanche — which
circumstance was regarded by Mr. Bates at the
time as fortunate, the immediate result not
proving satisfactory. This paralleled the sub-
sequent experience of John Booth in breeding
Bracelet to Mussulman ; but, as in the case of
Booth's Buckingham, when the percentage of
fresh blood was reduced so that it was quite
subordinated to the main current, its stimulat-
ing effect became apparent. The heifer Duchess
38th, dropped by Duchess 33d to Norfolk, gave
rise to the entire Thorndale. Geneva and Oneida
Duchess groups; and the Norfolk-Waterloo
heifer founded a family that has occupied a
prominent place in the progress of the breed.
Norfolk was individually one of the great bulls
of his time, and as he was a son of 2d Hubback
his character supplied striking proof of the
value of Bates bulls for service in other herds.
He kad substance, flesh and a heavy coat of
hair, showing greater thickness and compact-
ness of conformation than Belvedere.

The Matchem Cow and the Oxfords. — In
April, 1831, Mr. Bates had attended a sale of
"improved" Short-horn cattle, held by a Mr.
John Brown of Nuustainton, near Chilton, in
the County of Durham, and bought seventeen
cows and heifers at an average of £9 5s. A mong
these was a white four-year-old by Matchem

Mk. Baths' CLEVELAND LAD i34()7i. at Fivk
Ykaks Old.

■

M

K^

1^^^^^

m

1

1

P

m

M

^

1

1

r

•%

li

1^*?!^^^^

-I

V

-

• o*^

Whiiakik's X(>Kl^>LK .2.%77^.ai Kiv i Ykaks Old.

THOMAS BATES AND THE DUCHESSES. 91

(2281), for which he paid £15 10s. Bates called
her Matchem Cow. Her sire was the same
Mason-bred bull whose blood had been previ-
ously introduced into the Booth herd, at Kil-
lerby. Her dam was by the Princess bull Young
Wynyard (2859j. Her breeding back of this
has not been traced, but she must have shown
conclusive evidence of pure Short-horn de-
scent; for, as has been well said of Mr. Bates,
"he trusted very much to the evidence of his
eye, which, considering the subsequent excel-
lence of his stock and the great impulse of de-
cided improvement they have given to all cattle
with which they have come to be paired, must
have had within it the light of decided genius."
At nine years of age Matchem Cow produced at
Kirklevington a bull by Short Tail (2G21), and
in 1838 another by the same sire. These two
roan bulls, recorded as Cleveland Lad (3407)
and Cleveland Lad 2d (3408), were used in the
herd and constituted the Oxford outcross upon
the Duchesses. Bates had always denounced
the Mason blood, with which the Matchem Cow
was doubtless well filled, but the progeny of the
cow by his own bulls satisfied him nevertheless,
and the Cleveland Lads were not only used as
stock bulls, but her daughters, Oxford Premium
Cow and Oxford 2d, were retained and became
the ancestresses of the tribe since known as the

92 A HISTORY OF SHORT-HORN CATTLE.

Oxfords. The line of the former has now been
extinct for many years.

A show-yard disappointment. — Mr. Bates
sent seven head of cattle to the newly-estab-
lished Yorkshire Show in 1838, headed by the
two-year-old double-Belvedere Duchess bull
Duke of Northumberland (1940), and including
a pair of two-year-old Duchess heifers, Duch-
esses 41st and 42d, both by Belvedere; a year-
ling Duchess heifer. Duchess 43d, also with a
doul)le dip of Belvedere; the roan four-year-old
cow Red Kose 13th, by Belvedere; the white
three-year-old cow Short-horns 4th, by Belve-
dere, and a three-year-old from the Matchem
Cow, got by Duke of Cleveland (1937), a bull
that had been dropped by Duchess 26th to a
service by Mr. Whitaker's Bertram (1716). The
Duke of Northumberland received first in his
class against eight competitors, but was passed
over entirely in the bull championship contest;
first prize in a ring of fifteen entries going
to Earl Spencer's Hecatomb (2102), of Mason
blood, and second to Mr. \Yiley's Carcase (3285),
afterward imported to America. This v^as a
hard blow, and it was contended by Mr. Bates
that Mr. John Grey, the judge, was improperly
influenced by being beholden to Earl Spencer
for substantial business favors. With his fe-
males, however, Mr. Bates was more successful.
In the aged-cow class (entries to be in calf or

THOMAS BATES AND THE DUCHESSES. 93

in milk) Red Rose 13th was passed over, the
ribbon going to John CoUing's Rosanne. In
the three-year-old ring (also in calf or in milk)
vShort-horns 4th — a fine dairy cow — was first
and the Matchem heifer second in a class of
six. In a class of ten tw-o-year-old heifers
Duchess 41st won, and in yearling heifers
(eight) Duchess 42d was second. These ratings
did not satisfy Mr. Bates. He felt that his
three best animals, "The Duke," Red Rose 13th
and Duchess 43d, had been rejected unfairly.
He therefore determined to show at

The Oxford Royal of 1839.— When the time
came Red Rose 13th was not in a fit condition
to travel, so Duke of Northumberland and
Duchess 43d were started along with Duchess
42d and the ]\ratchem hoifer. They were
shipped by steamer from Middlesl)rough to
London.'*^

This was the first meeting of the English
National Show. The exhibition was held upon
the farm of Mr. John Pinfold, and the entries
were not numerous. The Kirklevington cattle
were the center of attraction in the Short-horn
class, and ^Ir. Bates had the pleasure of seeing

♦ " BatoB wont with tlioin lu the same steamship from Middlesbrough to
Lonclou ami lilmsoU saw to their treatinout. In landing at London Duke of
Nortliumliorland Hllppod and lay across thi< »rantfway. Datos patted him
on tho lioad, oalUnt; lilni "poor tM\v, poor hoy, and the hnK'<' animal re-
nialnod perfectly v>a8alvo xintll ho was rcscned. Portnnatoly The Duke ro-
cctvcd no injury. Tlio fonr Short-horns prootHHltnl from London in a
frcU-lit hd.it tiy the Ayleshury branch of tho Grand J n notion Canal. '— Ciod-
walUuUr Hate*.

94 A HISTORY OF SHORT-HORN CATTLE.

Duke of Northumberland head a list of seven
bulls; the Matchem Cow's daughter a class of
four; Duchess 42d a class of three two-year-
olds, and Duchess 43d a class of nine yearlings.
That these were a beautiful lot of Short-horns
is amply attested. Mr. George Drewry, the late
veteran herd manager of the Duke of Devon-
shire at Holker Hall, writing after a lapse of
fifty years, said: "The two things that I re-
member best at Oxford were the Duke of North-
umberland and Duchess 43d. These I still
think were the best two Short-horns I ever
saw." In honor of the young Matchem Cow's
victory upon this occasion _^she was dubbed the
"Oxford Premium Cow" — hence the tribal name.
At a dinner given in the quadrangle of Queen's
College during this show Daniel Webster, who
was a visitor at the exhibition, said, in a speech
which held closely the attention of the audi-
ence:

" In the country to which I belong societies like this exist on a
small scale in many parts, and they have been found to be very
highly beneficial and advantageous. They give rewards for speci-
mens of fine animals and the improvement of implements of hus-
bandry which may tend to facilitate the art of agriculture, and
which were not before known. They turn their attention to every-
thing which tends to improve the state of the farmer, and, I may
add, among other means of advancing his condition, that they have
imported largely to America from the best breeds of animals in
England, and from the gentleman who has been so fortunate as to
take so many prizes to-day. From his stock, on the banks of the
Ohio and its tributary streams, I have seen fine animals raised
which have been supplied from his farms in Yorkshire and North-
umberland."

THOMAS BATES AND THE DUCHESSES. 95

Prizes at Cambridge. — Having, as he thought,
vindicated the honor of his Duchesses at Ox-
ford, Mr. Bates decided not to risk fitting and
showing any of them the foHowing year. Still
smarting under the defeat of Red Rose 13th at
York, he sent her to the Royal at Cambridge,
along with Cleveland Lad (3407) and a young
Waterloo bull calf by Duke of Noithumber-
land. Red Rose here had her revenge, winning
first in a class of six cows, Iler name was then
changed to Cambridge Premium Cow. The
Waterloo calf also won, but Cleveland Lad was
turned down, the jDiize falling to Hero (4021), a
roan owned in Norfolk; a bull which Cadwal-
lader Bates asserts was "never heard of before
nor since."* His picture may be found in
Coates' Herd Book, Vol. TV. Cleveland Lad
had not been specially fitted for show; and fat.
then as now, was a i)rime necessity. The priz«'s
won by the Kirklevington cattle at the two
great university cities led to many inquiries
foi* tlie l)h)od.

A "brush" with the Booths. In IStl Chne-
laml liad was s(Mit to the Liverjiool Iioyal al(>nt\
he being the only nn^nber of the show herds
left without "vindication"; and he was there
placed ]\y the judges at tlie head of the bulls

• Ii 1h ifliitiMl that "H ci'iitloiiian i-amo tip to Batos In iho Bhow-y.ir\l and
Haul. Mail 1 tx'on l>Uiitlfi>Ulii(l 1 omiil hav<> tolil all of your cati1i« by the
fi<cl (if my tiniriTH.' 'Ah tin- Rti«wai^l« of ih<> yar<l hoar your ivinarks. I
hope In tho fiiinr*' tho Jiultros will lii> hllmUoldod." was Dates' rcpli."

96 A HISTORY OF SHORT-HORN CATTLE.

on exhibition. That same season Mr. Bates
sent Oxford Premium Cow to the Highland at
Berwick, but she was beaten by John Booth's
Necklace on the ground that the Bates cow
was "deficient in girth and gaudy behind."
He also showed at the Yorkshire of 1841,
receiving the bull championship on Cleveland
Lad. Duke of Cambridge — the Waterloo calf
shown in 1840 — here won first as a yearling
over a young bull from Killerby and others.
The honors of the three-year-old cow class
were divided between Duchesses 42d and 43d.
It is stated that the jovial John Booth ban-
tered his esteemed contemporary the belligerent
Bates upon this occasion about his backward-
ness about exhibiting longer at leading shows,
and inferentially challenged him to show a cow
at the next j^ear's Royal. These two men were
clearly at the head of their profession at the
time, but desxDite their rivalries were good
friends. The meeting took place at York in
1842, and to the infinite satisfaction of the
great champion of the Duchesses a cow of that
line in her tenth year had the extraordinary
honor of beating Killerby's . great Necklace.
The story of this memorable contest is told by
Mr. Bates' people in the following language:

"There was ia milk at Kirklevington a ten-year-old unregen-
erate dairy cow, which had never been shown nor had ever been
intended to be. When about twelve months old she had broken
her leg, and as Bates would not employ a veterinary Thomas Bell

Y'

THOMAS BATES AXD THE DUCHESSES. 97

set it with the help of the journeyman miller. For some years she
had scarcely ever tasted a turnip in the winter months. Since
May Day she had been going in the ordinary cow pasture and
was as Ignorant as any Northern farmer of what a honne hrmche
meant. Without any preparatory training at aU old Brokenleg
(Duchess 34th) walked by road about forty miles to York, in the
company of her son, Duke of Northumberland (VMO). The judges
ordered the fifteen cows entered to parade twice round the ring
and then told old 'Tommy Myers,' the Kirklerington cowman, U>
stand on one side with Brokenleg. A murmur of indignation
broke from the people present, who imagined she was being ex-
cluded from the prize list.

^ " Myers remained for half an hour or so thinking, as he said,
they were gannm' to use me very badly,^ while the judges kept
disputing over Necklace and one of Mr. xMason Hoppers cows.
'They could not rightly judge of stars in the presence of the sun.'
Myers, who had supposed they were determining which was to be
first and which second, was greatly reUeved when they sent
Brokenleg 'the white rose' and placed Necklace behind her
When the crowning trophy was placed on Duchess 34th"s head
there was a burst of applause. She was as like the first Duchc:s
as two animals could be, in color and in that grandeur of style and
appearance, such as no animal ever had except a Duchess.

" Bates had good reason to be satisfied with the resuic of the
tug-of-war when KiUerby met Kirklevington. It was the only
chaUenge he ever accepted. That the decision was perfectly just
was confirmed by Mr. Eastwood, a breeder who had as much ad-
miration for one Une of stock as for the other, so long as the ani-
mal was a good one, but who thought that a little weight should
be aUowed to fashion. Mr. John Booth asked him why it was that
Brokenleg beat Necklace. ' Well. ' he replied, • I think. Mr. Booth
you are fairly beaten; if I had been one of the judges I should
have done the same.' ' Then.' said Booth, • I am satisfied.' Bates
came up shortly afterward and asked Eastwood the same ques-
tion. ' I think you won fairly. Mr. Bates.' ' I am pleased to hear
you say that.' •! told Mr. Booth so.' 'Then.' said Bates. > I am
more pleased stUl,' and the great rival breeders remained the best
of friends."

This was indeed one of the most remarkable
old-time show-yard events of whicii any record
lias been handed down from the la^tgeueru-

98 A HISTORY OF SHORT-HORN CATTLE.

tion, and proves the genuine merit of the Bates
cattle of the early daj's. This cow, Duchess
34th, was the dam of

Duke of Northumberland (1940). — The pro-
duction of this famous bull has alwaj^s been
considered the crowning triumph of Thomas
Bates' career as a cattle-breeder. He was
the acknowledged champion bull of Eng-
land in 1842. Bates, writing of him in 1839,
had said: "I can state from measurements I
took of the celebrated Comet (155) that The
Duke was nearly double his weight both at ten
months and at two j'^ears old," adding, in allu-
sion to his well-known affection for the Duch-
ess famil}^: "I selected this tribe of Short-
horns as superior to all other cattle, not only
as small consumers of food but as great grow-
ers and quick grazers, with the finest quality of
beef, and also giving a great quantiUj of very
rich milk.'" The live weight of The Duke at
three years and eight months was 2,520 lbs.

Mr. Bates has left the following statement
concerning him and his family, which will be
of interest in this connection. It was ad-
dressed to a i^ublishing house about to produce
portraits of "The Duke" and his dam:

" I named this bull Duke of Northumberland to perpetuate the
commemoration that it is to the judgment and attention of the an-
cestors of the present Duke of Noi-thumberland that this country
and the world are indebted for a tribe of cattle which Mr. Charles
CJolilng repeatedly assured me was the best he ever had or ever

THOMAS BATES AM) THE DUCHESSES. ^M)

saw. As a proof that they have improved under my care 1 may
mention that the Duke of Northumberland's dam consumes one-
third less food than my first Duchess, purchased in 1804, and that
her milk yields one-third more butter for each quart of milk,
while there is also a greater growth of carcass and an increased
aptitude to fatten.

"It is now above sixty years since I became impressed with
the imjtortance of selecting the very best animals to breed from.
For twenty-five years afterward I lost no opportunity of ascer-
taining the merits of the various tribes of Short-horns. It was
only then that this could be done. There is scarce a vestige now
remaining of the many excellent cattle then in existence. Since
I became possessed of the tribe I have never used any bulls that
had not Duchess blood— except Belvedere (1706), and he was the
last bull of a long race of well-descended Short-horns — without
perceiving immediately the error.

"As the post hour draws near I must conclude in order to en-
able jou to print this letter in the same paper with the portraits
of 'The Duke' and his dam. I do not expect any artist can do
them justice. They must bo seen, and the more they are exam-
ined the more their excellence will appear to a true connoisseur,
but there are few good judyen — a hundred men may he found to make a
Prime Minister ^> oin fit (<i jui\\ji: of (hi- i rnl in< r Its ../ Shurt-honi."."

Importance of tabulated pedigrees. If ^Ir.
Bates had submitted for pul>lication along with
this eulojjy of the Duchess family the subjoined
tabulation of the Duke of Xorthuniberland's
pedigree the propriet}' of sul>stitutiiig an ac-
count of the merits of the Princess for that of
the Duchess line might have been suggested.

Blot out the J'rinct\-<s blood and the dashes of
lied Kose and Marske from this pedigree and
there remains ])ut a ''thin red line" to preach a
Duchess s(M-mon from. 'The l)e>t Inill of his
time,"thebest l)ull the keen-witted lairdof Kirk-
levington ever bred, the bull for which nhuost
any sum ( ouhl h;i\ r hren had. w ;i.^ indeed a »redit

100

A HISTORY OF SHORT-HORN CATTLE.

to the skill aud judgment of Thomas Bates,
but he carried only 25 per cent of Duchess

DtTKE OF NORTHTJMBERLANX) (1940)

63

!_, ii»-|_i (5 CC3 (D cca B tcS

S^ ^

!1 ^3

OS Oi^ >»xj OO >^ *tis) oij ixj<i nj*^ 0*1] oi^ iTdO hd-^ Ci) o>^ hdo
Is |» is- It il 5-£ ^2 5-?: £-3 ^5 ^5 SS B'^ ^5 «3 23

•s^s«|§ s^ w§ il

to*: w-^ "m «.="• Sr'S - o
cS p-'^ 0*2. »•

^ si o

c-o c3 (tj2. 0-2. 0-3. w ^ c: 2. cH c3 S^

o t;2 - o - ^ tD_ 1^^ o-S " ^ W^ 1^^ c-S

Cg '^c; =§ "<- "^S PS SS ' ^"

" ^ It]55 C5^ '^5 "^^

.<= 3

ri-lS Xi5 o^ "^

£■*; pO o*; f.-o P
Pij^ O w o o

p

CD O ^

M ?r 3.

•^

blood. Moreover his dam, the prize cow Duch-
ess 34th — 50 per cent Princess blood — was a

THOMAS I5ATEH AM) THE DUCHESSES, lUl

better beast than either Duchess 2yth or -JOth.
It is apparent, therefore, that Princess on Duch-
ess resulted, as Bates had predicted, in produc-
ing Short-horns superior even to the original
Duchesses.

We need ))ut print the same Duke of North-
umberland i)edigree in the reguhition Short-
horn ]le]-d Book and Short-hom cataloi'ue
style to show how a miscarriage of justice
in estimating family credits has been bred and
fostered by a pernicious system of pedigree
registration; a system that so palpaldy exag-
gerates the relative importance of a certain
portion of the maternal ancestry that it seems
strange that it should still be tolerated.

Duke of Nohthcmbeuland, roan, calved Oct. 15, 1835; bred by
T. Bates ; got by Belvedere (1706) . dam Duchess 84th by Belvedere
(170C); second dam Duchess 2i)th by 2d Hubback; third dam
Duchess 2Gth by The Earl (1511) ; fourth dam Duchess 8th by
Marske (418) ; fifth dam Duchess 2d by Kctton 1st (700) ; sixth dam
Duchess 1st by Comet (155) ; seventh dam Duchess by Daisy Bull
(186) ; eighth dam by Favorite (252), etc.

Clearly one would say this is a Duchess bull.
He was not, however, so far as Idood elements
are concerned, entitled to such appellation at
all, as we have already shown. Just how much
the Stan wick Cow, or "my first Duchess," or
the ''ancestors of the ])resent Duke of Nor-
thumberland" had to do with the merit of this
great bull must ho self-evident from our tab-
ulation, -lusjicc I't.mpels the i)lacing of tlio
Uurel wreath rather upon Thonuis Bates aud

102 A HISTORY OF SHORT-HORN CATTLE.

his great ''find" at Wolviston, the Princess bull
Belvedere. The merit of the earlier Duch-
esses had been largely lost through excessive
inbreeding. The Princess-and-Oxford crossed
stock that acquired fame under the Duchess
name in the Short-horn world were in truth
Bates cattle, but had only a small percentage
of the old Duchess blood.

The responsibility for the existing scheme of
Short-horn tribal nomenclature and prevailing
methods of herd-book registration does not rest
entirely upon Mr. Bates. We only use this case
as an illustration of the fact that the system
is calculated to befog rather than enlighten
those w4io seek to fathom the depths of Short-
horn pedigree records. One has but to tran-
scribe to a tabulated blank the pedigree of any
animal recorded in the Short-horn Herd Books
of Great Britain and America to see at a glance
what an absurdly small proportion of the an-
cestry is presented. Those who have all the
herd books at their command can under the
present system, it is true, ferret out the facts as
to the blood lines of their cattle, but until the
tabulation method is adopted for catalogues
and transfer certificates the average buyer will
possess but the mere shadow of a pedigree.

The Waterloos. — During the same year that
Mr. Bates bought Belvedere and the Matchem
Cow he had purchased from Thomas Parkin of

THOMAS BATES AND THE DUCHESSES. 103

Thorpe, in the County of Durham, "a short-
leggecl, wide, rod cow, with the kjok of a pure
Short-horn." She carried a double cross of the
Princess bull Waterloo (2816), and was doubt-
less descended all around fi-om a well-bi-ed an-
cestry. That she was a cow of marked individ-
ual merit seems clear from the fact that s^ e
was one of the five "top" females chosen to be
sent to be bred to Norfolk (2877). A heifer
(Waterloo 3d) resulted from that service, and
she became the ancestress of a fine family of
cattle still bearing her name. The Waterloos
were for years distinguished for their thick,
mellow flesh and furry coats, and during the
days when Short-horn fanciers were paying all
sorts of extravagant prices the tribe steadily
maintained its outstanding merit. Indeed it is '
doubtful if any other one of the Bates families
held its character so persistently for so many
years under the stress of continued line breed-
ing. Further evidence of the original excel-
lence of the Waterloos is afforded by the fact
that Waterloos 12th and 13th were the only
females bought at the Bates disjiersion by two
shrewd Scottish breeders in attendance, viz.,
Amos Cruickshank of Sittyton and W. Hay of
Sht^thin.

Wild Eyes Tribe. -'jliis family traces de-
scent from a roau hoUov calf bought at a sale
made by Mr. Parriugton at .Middlesbrough iu

104 A HISTORY OF SHORT-HORN CATTLE.

April, 1832, for £3. She had seven crosses of
registered bulls on a foundation laid in the
herd of Mr. Dobinson. Bates claimed that
through this heifer (Wild Eyes) he got "the
only good blood (Dobinson's) that the Colling
herds did not contain." Her sire, Emperor
(1974), was sold to the Russian Government.
At the date of the Kirklevington dispersion
sale this was the most numerous sort in the
herd.

The Cambridge (Red) Roses.— Of this strain
was 2d Hubback and Red Rose 13th — the Cam-
bridge prize cow previously mentioned. It
came into the herd early through Red Rose
1st of Mr. Hustler's breeding (by Yarborough),
daughter of the American Cow, whose history
is given in a preceding cha^Dter. Red Rose 5th
of this family produced to Belvedere Rose of
Sharon, imported by the Ohio Company, and
ancestress of the American. tribe of that name.
Under the name of Cambridge and Heydon
Roses and Rose of Sharons the descendants of
the Cambridge premium cow subsequently be-
came the subject of extensive speculations on
both sides the Atlantic.

Foggathorpe family. — The original Fogga-
thorpe cow cost Mr. Bates £ll3 at Mr. Henry
Edward's sale at Castle Howard in 1839. She
was a roan, nearly ten years old at the time of
the purchase. She was thought to resemble

THOMAS BATES AND TIIP: DUCHESSES. 105

old Princess in character and to carry the blood
of Charles Collin^^'s White Bull (151)— which
Mr. Bates prized highly. Her descendants,
however, did not acquire as much celebrity as
tlio other Kirklevin<,'ton sorts.

Blanche or Roan Duchess sort. — Another
noted tribe resting upon a Kirklevington base
was that of Blanche, derived from the fine
old stock of Mr. Hutchinson of Grassy Nook.
Bates bred them for some time, and Blanche
5th, by the Duke of Northumberland, produced
in Mr. Towneley's hands Roan Duchess, dam
of the famous Royal prize-winning Roan Duch-
ess 2d by Frederick (11489).

The Secrets. — This tribe derives rank as "a
Bates sort-' from the fact that the maternal
ancestresses were cows bred and owned by Mr
Bates. The foundation cow, old White Rose,
was a half-sister to the dam of Belvedere, both
being daughters of the Princess bull Young
Wynyard. When ten years old she was bred
to Whitaker's Gambier (204()). This was in
1S32. The produce, the roan White Rose 1st,
to the cover of Short Tail, gave birth in 1S:^7
to Secret, sold in LS4-4 to C. W. Harvey. The
family derives its name from this cow, and sub-
sequently attained reputation in two directions,
to-wit.: liates-<'rosscd in the hands of English
brooders and Scotch-crossed by Mr. Cruickshank
of Sittyton. No representatives of this (nor of

106 ^A HISTORY OF SHORT-HORN CATTLE.

the Blanche) family were contained in the herd
at the date of its dispersion.

So-called Bell-Bates tribes. — Several fami-
lies of Short-horns built up under Kirkleving-
ton's wing by Mr. Bates' tenants — the Messrs.
Bell — subsequently shared in the great wave of
popularity that finally set in toward the Bates
blood. Among these were the Barringtons,
Kirklevingtons, Acombs, Darlingtons, Fletchers
(or Filberts), Places, Harts, Georgianas and
Hudsons. The Messrs. Bell had the use of Kirk-
levington bulls, and Mr. Bates himself selected
some of the foundation dams.

Last appearance in show-yard. — For years
Mr. Bates argued in favor of prizes at shows for
family groups, and in 1847, at the urgent re-
quest of the Secretary of the Yorkshire Society,
he sent the roan Oxford 2d, then eight years
old, along with the four youngest of her progeny
— two bulls and two heifers — and also one of
her grandsons to the Scarborough meeting.
The roan bull 2d Duke of Oxford (9046), then
three years old, was included in the lot, and
defeated the noted Capt. Shafto (6833), that had
been bought by Mr. Parkinson for 325 guineas
and was champion bull at the Northampton
Royal a few weeks previous. All six of the
group sent to Scarborough gained prizes.

At York in 1848 Bates again exhibited, but
without success, receiving but one prize, a sec-

THOMAS BATES AND THE DUCHESSES. l07

ond on 2d Duke of Oxford. It is insisted, how-
over, that the decisions gave universal dissatis-
faction. This was his last appearance in the
show-yard. He had bitterl}^ opposed the whole
system of training cattle for show,* and was
wont to ridicule the claims of most of the
winners.

Dispersion of the herd. — On the 20th of July,
1849, at the age of seventy-four years, after a
half acentury's work with Short-horns, Th(^mas
Bates passed to his rest, and was buried in
tlie little church-yard at Kirklevington. " The
Druid '' tells us that "his heai't was with horn
and hoof to the last. Those who strolled with
iiim in his pastures recalled how the cows and
even the young heifers would lick his hand and
seem to listen to every gentle word and keen
comment as if they penetrated its import; and
even when the last struggle was nigh and he
could wander among them no more he reclined
on some straw in the cow-house that his eye
might not lack its solace."

Of the five nephews of Mr. Bates but one,

♦ '• nates was dlafnintod at the amoiint of fulsome nonsense written
about tlio ' InvliK'lble HflU-vUle (HmS), which won the champion prize, and
consUltTe^l It lilsiUity to warn forelifners atralnst supposlnp tliat iliocl«vl-
Htona at the Royal Shows, plvi-n by JiuU'os who wore UuUn <-lly liit«'rt>}*t<><t
In tilt' BuccrSH of the prize animals, wore any (fiiaranto«.> of their nsi'fulnoss
an bro'dlntr stock. • • • On one occasion ho drovoa frlond ovit fri>m
Klrklcvliijrion to see Belli'vlllc at Mr. J. Mason Hopprr's, at Ncwhatn
Uranire, a few nulcs off. They met Hopiior on the road. Bjites irm>tc<l him
with: 'I .'im brlntrlnjr my friend to 8et> your bull. I have told lilm thai ho
Is very fat and very <inlet. Hopjier, who was rather a rou»rh diamond, n*-
plted. • If ili.ifs all you can tell l\lni, F.Mur K'lck; ye ni>ed cao no farther '
—Thoma$ Uatf» utid thf KirklfriUf/ton Short-homt.

108 A HISTORY OF SHORT-HORN CATTLE,

Edward Bates, had received a training in agri-
culture, and he was living abroad. There was
no member of the family, therefore, to cany on

KIRKLEVINGTON, NEAR YARM, YORKSHIRE.
A CATALOGUE

OF THE

ENTIRE AND FAR-FAMED HERD

OF PUKE

SHORT- HORNED CATTLE,

HRED BY

THE LATE THOMAS BATE3, ESQ.
WHICH WILL BE SOLD BY AUCTION,

WITHOUT RESERVE,
BY MR. H. STRAFFORD,

AT KIRKLEVINGTON, NEAR YARM,

ON THURSDAY, THE 9th DAY OF MAY, 1850

SALE TO COMMENCE AT ONE O'CLOCK.

KlRKl,EVT>-GTOX is two miles from Yarm, twelve miles from Dar-
ling-ton and twelve miles from Northallerton, from which places there
is railway conveyance to all parts of the Kingdom.

Catalog-ues may be had on application to Mr. Strafford, 3, Camden
Villas, Camden Town, London.

LONDON :
PRINTED AT '"THE MARK LANE EXPRESS"' OFFICE,

21, XOKFOLK STREET, STRAXl).

the herd, and it was accordingly put up at auc-
tion at Kirklevington May 9, 1850. The title-

THOMAS BATES AND TIIK DUCHESSES. 109

page of the Ccitalogue is herewith repj-oduced
fromacopy— now yellow with age— in the pos-
session of the author.

But five fam il ies- Duchesses, Oxfords, Water-
loos, Wild Eyes and Foggathorpes— were in-
cluded in the hei-d at date of sale. Kothing of
an historical or descriptive nature was given in
the catalogue, either in the shape of foot-notes
or introductory matter. No illustrations were
attempted, and the peculiar form of printing
pedigrees, to which British breeders still cling,
was used as follows:

ForuTU Dike of Youk n0167), roan, calved December 22, 1840;

got by Second Duko of Oxford (IttWO) ,
dam (Duchess 51st) by Cleveland Lad (:i407),
g. d. (.Duchess 41st) by Belvedere (1700),
gr. g. d. (Duchess 32d) by 2d Hubback (1423),
gr. gr. g. d. (Duchess 19th) by 2d Hubback (1423),
gr. gr. gr. g. d. (Duchess >2th) by The Earl ((>4G),
gr, gr. gr. gr. g. d. (Duchess 4th) by Ketton 2d (710),
gr. gr. gr. gr. gr. g. d. (Duchess 1st) by Comet (155),
gr. gr. gr. gr. gr. gr. g. d. by Favorite (252),
gr, gr. gr. gr. gr. gr. gr. g. d. by Daisy Bull (186),
gr. gr. gr. gr. gr. gr. gr. gr. g. d. by Favorite (252),
gr. gr. gr. gr. gr. gr. gr. gr. gr. g. d. by Hubback (319>.— by J.

Brown's Red Bull (07).

A darker hour for the placing of a fine herd
of cattle uj)on the market could scarcely have
been chosen. At the Oxford lioyal, a decade
previous, Uv. Bates had been offered 400 guin-
eas each for his prize animals, and at that
]><MMO(l he could doubtless have named his own
I'lice for i\\o. Duke of Northumberland, Init
times had meaiiliu'.^ undergone a serious

110 A HISTORY OF SHORT-HORN CATTLE.

change. British agriculture was now pro-
foundly depressed. Average prices at Smith-
field market at Christmas, 1S50, ranged from
3s. to 3s. lOd. per stone of eight pounds. It
seemed fairly probable that the Kirklevington
Short-horns, representing the life-work of one
of the most entliusiastic breeders England has
ever known, would simply be led to a sacrifice.
Mr. Bates had often said that his cattle would
never be appreciated at their full value during
his own lifetime. He believed that his own
estimate of them would some day be accepted,
and, in later years this indeed came to pass.

The attendance was phenomenal in point of
numbers, being estimated at five thousand.
America was represented by bids from Col. L.
G. Morris and N. J. Becar. Curiosity attracted
many. Some, who had felt the lash of Bates'
free criticism during his lifetime, -were present
to exult in what they doubtless hoped would
prove a Waterloo for the Kirklevington cattle.
As the first lots passed through, and the sand in
the auctioneer's glass ran out at about twenty
guineas each, these small-minded individuals
broke into ironical cheers, but presently the
spirited bidding of Mr. Anthony Maynard
pulled values out of the mire and some good
prices for the times were registered. The roan
4th Duke of York, then three years old, was
conceded to be the outstanding bull of the lot,

THOMAS BATES AND THE DUCHESSES. Ill

and had l)een valued by Mr. Bates at £1,000.
When Earl Ducie started him at £200, how-
ever— having previously made known his in-
tention to buy the bull at any cost — competi-
tion for him was silenced, and the Duke went
to His Lordship at what was considered a " bar-
gain-counter" price. The sale list in detail,
as respects the Duchesses and Oxfords, is here-
with presented:

DCCHESSES. £ g

Duchess 51st, roan, calved Aug. 18, 1842— S. E. Bolden G3

Duchess 54th, red, calved Oct. 30, 1844— Mr. Eastwood 94 10

Duchess 55th, red, calved Oct. 31, 1844— Earl Ducie 110 5

Duches3 50th,red-and-white, calved Nov. 3, 1844 — Mr. Ambler 54 12

Duchess 59th, roan, calved Nov. 21, 1847— Earl Ducie 210

Duchess 61st, red roan, calved Aug. 19, 1848 — Lord Fever-
sham 106

Duchess 62d, red-and-white, calved Oct. 10, :848— Mr. Cham-
pion 126

Duchess G4th, red, calved Aug. 10, 1849— Earl Ducie 162 15

Grand Duke (10284), red, calved February, 1848— Mr. Hay. . .215
4th Duke of York (10107), roan, calved December, 1846— Earl

Ducie 210

Duke of Richmond (799G). roan, calved August, 1844 — A. L.

Maynard 126

3d Duke of York (10166) , red, calved October, 1845— G. D.

Trotter 74 11

Duke of Athol (10150), red, calved September, 1849— Mr.

Parker 42

6thDukoofYork(l01(JSKwhitc, calved October, 184&— R.Bell 33 12
14 head sold for tl r.27 10s . ;in averago of £116 5s

OXFOKDS. £ 5

Oxford 2d, roan, ralvcil April 20. IfsSO Manjuis of Kxetor.. 54 12
Oxford 4tli, red-and-white, calved Aug. 8. 1843- E. James... 28 7
Oxford 5th, roan, oalvod Nov. 24, 1844— Col. L. G. Morris

(U. S. A.) 74 U

Oxford tUh, rod, oah<><l Nov. 6. 1846- Karl Duoie ISl 6

Oxford 0th, roan, calved Oct. 27, 184^- A. L. Maynard 4S

112 A HISTORY OF SHORT-HORN CATTLE.

Oxford 10th, red-and-white, calved Dec. 30, 1848— Col. Morris 53 11

Oxford 11th, roan, calved Aug. 25. 1849— Earl Ducie 131 5

Oxford 12th, roan, calved Aug. 27, 1849— Lord Feversham. . . 85 1
Oxford 13th, roan, calved Jan. 7, 1850--N. J. Becar (U. S. A.) 63 3

Oxford 14th, roan, calved March 1. 1850— Mr. Downes 21

2d Duke of Oxford (9046), roan, calved August, ^1843— Earl

Howe 110 5

3d Duke of Oxford (9047) , roan, calved October, 1845— Mr.

Robinson 64 1

Beverley (9664), red-and-white, calved October, 1848— Mr.

Townshend 32 11

13 head sold for £894 12s., an average of £68 I63

WILD ETES.

25 head sold for £1,203 6s., an average of £48 2s

WATEKLOOS.

6 head sold for £357, an average of £59 10s

CAMBRIDGE ROSES.

3 head sold for £147, an average of £49

FOGGATHORPES.

7 head sold for .£328 13s., an average of £46 19s

GENERAL AVERAGES.

68 head sold for £4,558, an average of £67

15 bulls sold for £1,309 7s. , an average of £87 5s

5 bull calves sold for £201 12s., an average of £40

22 cows sold for £1,103 8s., an average of £52 17s

16 heifers sold for £1,221 3s., an average of £76 6s

10 heifer calves sold for £062 lis., an average of £66 5s

Sixty-four Duchess females. — The following
tabulation showing the record of Duchess fe-
males in the hands of Mr. Bates — for which the
author is indebted to Mr. Richard Gibson — is
worthy of being incorporated here for purposes
of reference.

It will be seen that there were but sixty-
four Duchesses all told. Of these, the last
(Duchess 64th) was calved after Mr. Bates'

THOMAS BATES AND THE DUCHESSES.

113

death. The one calf of Duchess 58th was
Duchess 65th, that probably died young, as
Lord Ducie recorded the 1850 calf of Duchess
55th also as Duchess 65th. Of the fifty-eight
Duchesses old enough to breed previous to
Mr. Bates' death, which number includes all
that lived long enough to have numbers as-
signed them, two (13th and 57th) are recorded
as having died young; one (53d) was a twin
with a bull, and twenty-four others (so far as
the Herd Book records inform us) never pro-
duced calves. A cross from the prolific Wild
Eyes tribe might have materially increased
Duchess fertility during the "forties."

Name.

Duchess
Duc-he.sB
Diiclie88
Duohesa
Duflicss
Diiclit'ss
Duohess
Duchess
Ducliess
Duchess
Duchess
Duchess
Duchess
Ducliess
Duchess
Ducliess
Duchess
Duchess
Ducliess
Duchess
Duchess
Duchess
Ducliess
Duchess
Duchi'ss
Duohesa

1812
1815
1810
1817
181'J
18-,'0
1820
1821
182-
1322
12 j 1822
IS 1323

14 1 1823

15 1824
It; 1824
lr,1825

18 1825

19 1825
20,1825

21 1825

22 18',>(;
2;< 182(1
24 182(;
2,-,; 182(1
2,1 1820

r. & w,
r. & w,
r. & w
r. & \v,
r. & vv
r. &\v.
r. &\v
r. & w
r. & \v
r. &\v
r. & vv
red.

r. & vv

y.& vv,
r. & vv

y. r.
r. & vv ,
r. & v\-
r. & v\-
r. & vv,
I-. & v\- ,
V. & \v
r. & \v .

Sire.

Comet

Ketton

Ketton

Ketton 2d

Ketton 2d

Ketton 3d

M;u'ske

Marske

Miirske

Clevehuid

Yoiuifr Miirske.

TheE;irl

The Earl

The Earl

The Earl

The Earl

M[ Earl

2<1 Hubback . ..
2.1 Hubback....

2(1 Earl

.'(I Earl

.'(1 Hubback...

M Earl

-M Hubback.. .

2.1 Hubback ....

1 Hubback ...

Calves produceA.
Male. I Female.

toi I g

1
1

1

4

k

2l-

4 .

5 .
4 .
9 .

6 .
8

3
11 .

8 ..
3 ..

9 ..
11 .

6 ..

8 ..
3

1 .

114 A HISTORY OF SHORT-HORN CATTLfi.

to

1827
1827
1829
1830
1830
1831
1832
1832
1833
1834
1834
1835
1835
1S35

1

Sire.

r

Calves produced.

Name.

Male.

a so

Female.

IT

r. & w.
r. & w.
r. & w.
r. & w.
r. & w .
r. & w.
roan,
r. & w.
red.
r &w.
r. & w.
roan,
roan,
roan,
roan,
roan,
red.
r. & w.
r. & w.
r. &w.
rod.
r. & w.
r. & w.
white,
roan,
r. & w.
roan,
red.
red.
r. & w.
roan,
red.

roan.

red.

roan.

r. & w.

roan.

red.

16
6

20
21)
26
19
19
29
19
19
30
33
30
19
32
30
34
37
30
34
37
30

1

Duchess 29

2d Hubhack

'"'3

1

6
...

I

Duchess 80

2dHuhback

2d Hubback

1 ....

Duchesa 83

4

1

Duchesa 37

Belvedere

1

1

2

2
2

Duchess 38
Duchess 39

Norfolk

Duchess 40

Duchess 41

2

"i

"i
1

2

DClchess 42 1837

Duchess 43 1837

Belvedere

Duchess 44 1838

Short Tail

Duchesa 4.') 1838

Short Tall

1

Short Tall

Short Tail

18;»

1839
18:!9
1839
1840
1841
1,S42
1844
1844
1844
1845
1846

1847
1847
1848
1848
1848
1849

Short T'ail

Duchess 49

Short Tail

30

1

1
1
2

Duchess 50
Duchess 51

Duke of Northumberland

Cleveland Lad

38
41
38
41

49
38
51
60
54

1

8

"i

Holkar

Duke of Northumberland ...

2d Cleveland Lad

4th Duke of Northumberland.
2d Duke of Northumberland.

2d Cleveland Lad

Lord Barrington

Total ••

Duchess 54
Duchesa 55
Duchess 5t>

1
1
1

3
1
2

Duchess 58

29

16

1
63

2

Duchess 59

2d Duke of Oxford

5(;

, Born previous

Duchess 60

2d Duke of Oxford

Vv to tne aeatn or
T^ 1 Mr. Bates, July

Duchess 61

2d Duke of Oxford

Duchess 62

2d Duke of Oxford

?,. y 2.5,1849, and at

Duchess 63

2d Duke of Oxford.. ;

V,' i that date not

Duchess 64

2d Duke of Oxford

lit

ive 1

jrou

uce.

Individual character of the cattle. — It may

be of interest to American breeders to know
that, although the prevailing color of the old
Duchesses had been red and white, thirty-eight
of the herd of sixty-eight head sold in 1850
were roan and five pure white in color; fifteen
being red-and-white and twelve red. The con-

THOMAS BATES AND THE DUCHESSES. 115

centration of the blood of the light-colored
Belvedere and of the white Matchem cow's sons
■ — the Cleveland Lads — modified the original
Duchess color as well as elevated the general
excellence of the herd. A contemporary re-
port of the sale in the Farmfr's Mafjazine com-
mended tlie character of the cattle in the fol-
lowing laudatory language:

"In a combinatioa of those qualities which constitute excel-
lence in the Short-horn variety of cattle it may be asserted with
confidence that the Kirklevington Herd at the time of its disper-
sion was unequaled by any other in existence. Ma^ificent size,
straight and broad back, arched and well-spread ribs, wide bosom,
snug shoulder, clean neck, light feet, small head, prominent and
bright but placid ej-e, were features of usefulness and beauty
which distinguished this herd in the very highest degree. While
the hide is sufBciently thick to indicate an excellent constitution,
its elasticity when felt between the fingers and thumb, and its
floating under the hand upon the cellular texture beneath, together
with the soft and furry texture of the coat, CTinced in an extraor-
dinary degree throughout the herd excellent quality of flesh and
disposition to rapid taking on fat. In the sixty-eight head of cattle
not one could be characterized as inferior or even as mediocre, all
ranking as first-class animals; and when an idea of inferiority
arose it was only in reference to a comparison with others of this
splendid herd, which, from their most extraordinary excellence,
demanded special notice."

Thus passed into other hands a herd that was
destined to receive recognition in the subse-
quent progress of the In-eed beyond even the
wildest dreams of its founder. At his grave
stands a sul)stantial monument.''' erocte<l largely
through the otTurts of Mr. William Ilousman.

•Tlio exact clato ot Mr. nates" doatli w.ia July 2.'. as alro.ndy matol
Through some Inadvertency the inscription on the mouMinont rvads • Julj
2(ith."

116

A HISTORY OF SHORT-HORN CATTLE.

one of the most entertaining of all English
writers upon Short-horn cattle. It bears this
simple inscription:

THIS MEMOKIAL
OF

THOMAS BATES,

OF KIRKXEVTNGTON,

OXE OF THE MOST DISTINGUISHED BRBEDBBS OF

SHOHT-HOBX CATTLE,

IS RAISED BT A FEW FRIEXDS WHO APPBECIATB

HIS LABOrBS FOR THE liCPROVEMENT OF

BRITISH STOCS,

AND RESPECT HIS CHARACTER.

BoRX 21ST June, 1776.
Died 26th July, 1849.

Drawn from Photograph by the Author, 1892.

CHAPTER V

PALMY DAYS AT KTLLERBY AND WAR-
LA13Y.

The establishment of the Yorkshire and
Royal Shows (1888-9) proved the means of
attracting largely-increased attention to the
breed, not only throughout Great Britain but
in foreign lands as well. Mr. Bates was quick
to see the advertising advantages presented,
and had carried off high honors at the initial
meetings of the National Show at Oxford and
Cambridge. His contemporary, John Booth of
Killerby, soon followed suit and began a career
of conquest — in which his brother Richard soon
joined — that gave the Booth cattle for a long
series of years reputation as a heavy flesh-
carrying type unequaled by any other in the
Kingdom. Prior to that time the Booth herds
had been kept mainly for dairy and grazing
purposes, most of the males being steered.
Their quick-feeding quality rendered tlitMii
easily susceptible to "training" for show.

W'c Ikivo already detiiibMl the division of the
Killerby Herd that occiincd in 1814, at the

(117)

118 A HISTORY OF SHORT-HORN CATTLE.

time when Richard Booth began breeding at
Studley. To take the place at Killerby of some
of the cows sent to Studley Thomas Booth
bought others, which when crossed with his
strongly-bred bulls gave rise to three very
prominent families — the Farewells, the Brough-
tons, and the Dairymaids or Moss Roses. The
matron of the Farew^ell tribe^ like so many
other good ones that proved successful breed-
ers, was simply a good market cow, showing
Short-horn breeding and quality, purchased at
Darlington. Among her descendants were the
famous trio — Faith, Hope and Charity. The
first Broughton cow came, like the Fairholme
heifers, from a good dairy farmer, and of her
line was Bliss, Blythe and Bonnet. The origi-
nal Dairymaid came from a good stock of cat-
tle near the village of Scorton. To her the
prolific Vivandiere, Campfollower and Soldier's
Bride traced in the maternal line. To these
families w^ere added the Gaudy (or Lady Betty)
sort, bred from a cow bought from Mr. Tay-
lor of Catterick; the Mantalinis, derived from
the purchase of Sylph, by Remus, from Mrs.
Booth's sister, Miss Wright of Cleasby, and the
Belindas, that originated from the stock of
Miss Wright and Mr. Charge. The descend-
ants of these cows, a portion of the Halnaby
and Fairholme tribes, and the Bracelets consti-
tuted the herd that graced " the quiet meadows

KILLERBY AND WARLABY. 119

of old Killerby," from whence John Booth se-
lected the celebrated show animals sent to the
early meetings of the Royal Agiicultural So-
ciety of England. The sensation created Ijy
their appearance laid the foundation for the
wide demand that subsequently set in for
Booth blood. In five years four first prizes for
the best Short-horn cows at the Royal were
won by animals of Kill('i-})y l)reedin<z.

Bracelet and Necklace. — In 1S40 Killerl)y
entered the lists at the Yorkshire Show at
Northallerton and won first i)rize with the roan
three-year-old Bracelet, ))y Priam (2452) — lie a
son of Isabella by Rilot— and second on the
yearling heifer Mantalini. In 1S41 Mr. Booth
ventured into deeper water, showing at the
Royal at Liverpool and the Highland at Ber-
wick, as well as at the Yorkshire Show. Brace-
let won first as cow at both of the national
shows, and Mantalini first as two -year- old
heifer. In 1842 Bracelet and lior twin sister.
Necklace, swept all Ix^fore ihou\ at York, and
Necklace was first at the Hrislol Royal. Carr
says: "To this day it is a mooted question
among those who remember the world-
renowned twins to which of them could l)e
most justly awarded ilu» palm of beauty.
Necklace is said to liave liad nt^ater fore quar-
ters and to ha\e l)een ratlwM" l)etter tille«i up
behind the shoulders. Bracelet had fuller,

120 A HISTORY OF SHORT-HORN CATTLE.

longer and more level hind quarters." Writing
in 1880 John Thornton said: "Many old breed-
ers still maintain that as Duke of Northumber-
land was one of the finest bulls so Bracelet was
the finest cow in their recollection." In 1843
Necklace overcame all opposition at Doncaster.
These famous cows together brought home as
trophies of show-yard war some thirty-five class
and championship prizes and medals; Necklace
finishing her career by winning a gold medal
against thirty-seven competitors at the Smith-
field Fat-Stock Show at London in 1846.

Buckingham. — Bracelet was not only a
reigning show-yard queen, but proved a grand
breeder, producing the fine white show cow
Birthday, by Lord Stanley (4269), the prize bull
Hamlet, by Leonard, and that extraordinary
sire Buckingham (3239), the latter the result of
mating wnth Col. Cradock's Mussulman (4525).
Buckingham was sold to Richard Booth, who
had in the meantime succeeded to his father's
estate of Warlaby, and in his hands proved a
uniform getter of broad-backed, round-ribbed
stock, with shapely fore quarters and well-filled
flanks. He was subsequently let to Mr. Barnes,
who established a noted herd of Booth-bred
cattle at Westland, Ireland, but the bull was
unfortunately lost by the burning of the chan-
nel steamer that was conveying him to the Em-
erald Isle. Buckingham introduced the Old

NPX'KLACE AT Six Yiaks Old.

IJKACKLKT Ai I 1. Yi AK>. u. ...
John HooTifs Fam.ms Kovai Pk./, .Winninv. Twin-

KILLERBT AND WARLABY. 121

Cherry blood into the Booth herds, and illuF^-
trated the vivifying effect of a judicious out-
cross upon tribes that had been interbred
for generations. No further proof of this is
needed than the mere mention of the fact that
Buckingham left at Warlal)y, among other val-
uable progeny, the celebrated Charity, Plum
Blossom, Bloom, Medora, Vivandiere, Isabella
Buckingham, Vanguard, Hopewell, Benedict
and Baron Warlaby. Bracelet's famous daugh-
ter. Birthday, in turn produced the prize-win-
ning heifer Gem (which Dixon says was Mr.
Booth's model as respects compactness, beauti-
ful hair and fine, even quality of flesh) and the
white bull Lord George (10489), the sire of the
2d Duke of Athol (1187f»), in the pedigrees of
Mr. Alexander's American Duchesses of Airdrie.
Another daughter of Bracelet was Pearl, gmn-
dam of Pearly, bought by Col. Towneley at the
Killerby sale, that became the dam of the orM")-
guinea Kinglet. Bracelet was also the dam of
the red bull Morning Star (6223), that was sold
in 1S44 as a two-year-old to Louis Phillippe of
France. Before crossing tlie Channel, how-
ever, he begot Ves])er, the ancestn^ss of the
noted family of that nanio in tln^ B(Kith-bred
herd of Mr. I\. S. Bruere. Necklace produced
Jewel, the d:ini of JinvoUer. used in tlu^
Towneley InM-d, th(^ sir(> of the C(deltratcd
H;irinpi(»n b'ose cow MulfiM-tlv. Mantalini. the

122 A HISTORY OF SHORT-HORN CATTLE.

show -yard companion of tlie twins, had a
daughter, Pelerine, from whence came those
"three graces," Rose of Autumn, Rose of Sum-
mer and Rose of Athelstane, in the herd of Mr.
Douglas of Athelstaneford.

John Booth's sale. — After playing a promi-
nent part in the show-yard for a number of
years and demonstrating beyond all (jlispute
the flesh- making qualities and prepotent char-
acter of his cattle "the Squire of Killerby"
sold his herd at auction in July, 1852, the sale
being attended by breeders from all parts of
the Kingdom. The depression prevailing at
the time of the Bates sale still continued, and
some of the animals were a few years later re-
sold for three times the price paid at the sale.
The forty-four lots averaged £48 12s. Bloom
brought 110 guineas from Mr. Ambler, and
Birthright 105 guineas from Mr. Douglas.
After the dispersion John Booth did not again
engage extensively in cattle-breeding.* His

*Mr Booth was a very fine-looking- man, upward of six feet and fifteen
stone, witli rare hands and a fine eya to hounds. This was the sport ho
loved best, and when ho was on Jack o' Lantern or Rob Roy few men could
cross the Bedale country with him. * « * He was full of joviality and
good stories as well as the neatest of practical jokes. His friend Weth-
erell g-euerally had his g-uard up, but when he received a letter, apparently
from the Earl of Taukcrviile, saying- that he was to lot and sell the wild
White cattle of Chilixngham, he puzzled for minutes as to how on earth His
Lordship ever intended to catch them and bring: them into the ring: before
he guessed the joke and its author, * * » Booth judg-ed a g-reat deal in
England, and never went for great size either in a bull o r a cow. As a man
of fine, steady judgment in a cattle-ring lie has perhaps never had an equal.
He died in 1357, after a weary twelve months illness, in his seventieth year,
at Killerby, and a memorial window at Catteriek, where he rests, was put
up by his friends and neighbors and the Short-horn world as -welV— Saddle
and Sirloin.

KILLKRBY AND WAIil.AT.Y.

123

brother Richard had purchased Venus Victrix
at tlie top price of the sale (175 guiiifas) and
aftervvai-d presented lier to her former owner.
She was successfully exhibited at leading shows
from 1S52 to 185(), and also produced the two
bulls King Arthur and King Alfred, both by
Crown I'lince, l)esides two choice heifers, Vic-
trix and Venus de Medicis. The latter was sold
to Mr. Douglas for 300 guineas and shown at
the Taris Exposition. At Mr. Booth's death in
1857 his sons inherited this Venus Victrix tril)e,
as well as the descendants of Hecuba, by Hope-
well; among the latter being the noted Forest
Queen and (^ueen of Trumps. Hecuba was of
the real rent-paying sort — a heavy milker and
quick feeder. Another grand cow in the herd
at this time was Soldier's Dream, of the old
]\Ioss Hose sort. Her dam had been presented
to John Booth's sons by their uncle Richard.

Warlaby and its show-yard wonders. — We
now ap[)roach the zenilh of liootli fame — the
later achievements of that Achilles of Bi-itish
show-yaid wai-. b'ichard llooth (late of Stud-
ley), who succeeded to his father's estate of
Warkiby. in the grassy valley of the Wisko, in
1835. ]n his lat(n- years 'I'homas Booth liad not
endeavored to gi\(^ the herd at Wailaby any
special j)i-ominrn(r. lb* had devoted fifty
years of iiis useful Iif(^ to the. interests of tlu^
breed, and lunl lived to set» the type created by

124 A HISTORY OF SHOUT-HORN CATTLE..

his skill and genius recognized as one of the
chief sources of Short-horn excellence. He was
content, therefore, to leave to younger men the
active " pushing " of their favorites. It is said
that Richard on his entrance at Warlaby did
not at first contemplate any special effort in
the line of Short-horn breeding. Unlike his
brother John — who had the traditional York-
shire love for the excitements of the race-
course and the hunting field — Richard had
never been given to active pursuits, and " was
only a quiet gig-man" from the early days.
Happily for the breed, however, he changed
his mind in relation to cattle-breeding and de-
voted the remainder of his days to the upbuild-
ing of what was beyond all question the most
remarkable herd of its time and one of the
greatest known in Short-horn history.

Thomas Booth had left at Warlaby cows of
of the Halnaby (Strawberry), Farewell, Blos-
som, Broughton, Dairymaid and Christon fami-
lies. To this collection Richard added old Isa-
bella, by Pilot, then in her sixteenth year but
still breeding. Killerby was at this date and
for some years afterward in the ascendant so
far as public notoriety was concerned. The
victories of Bracelet and Necklace, of Manta-
lini, Ladythorne, Birthday and Hamlet had
drawn all eyes upon the work of John Booth,
but Richard of Warlaby was meantime buck-

KILLKRJJY AND WARLABY. 125

ling on his armor. He bought Brnrclet's son
Buckingham, bearing 50 per cent of Old CheiTy
))lo()(l, from his brother Jolm; having already
sent his own grand cow, White Strawberry, to
be bulled by Lord Lieutenant (42G0), of Mr.
Kaine's breeding. White Strawberry was prob-
ably the best cow at Warlaljy at that time.
She was bred in every direction from the closest
affinities of blood, her ancestors, male and fe-
male, being filled by repeated crosses with the
blood of Albion and Pilot. Slie was a magnifi-
cent broad-backed, wide-breasted animal, quite
equal in merit to those buxom nuitrons, the red
Anna and the roan Isabella l)y Pilot, the two
best cows that either of the herds had pre-
vious to 1835 produced. Tbe white bull Leon-
ard (4210) was the result of this Booth-Raine
union. In those days color did not condemn
good cattle to destruction. Leonard was called
a "little" bull, but the Booths were never par-
tial to big ones, ^[oreover, he had great hnns
and widely-spread ribs. Ho was also rather
heavy in the horn, l)ut the laird of Warlaby had
confidence in his value as a sire and placed liim
in service. His blood, blended with that of
Buckingham llirough the vimus of that grand
galaxy of Boolh-briMl cowv, Isabella. White
Strawberry, ibac(det and Charity, ultimately
found issu(^ in tlunvorhl-rcnowiu^d Crown Prince
(10087), the bull of all Booth bulls; the bull tiiat

126 A HISTORY OF SHORT-HORN CATTLE:

was to Warlaby what Duke of Northumberland
was to Kirklevington or Champion of England
to Sittyton.

Faith, Hope and Charity. — It was not until
1846 that Warlaby closed in earnest with the
ruling ring-side powers of the United Kingdom.
John Booth was out with a strong herd, includ-
ing Necklace, Birthday, Mantalini, Gem and
Hamlet — the latter regarded by John Booth as
the best bull ho ever bred„ It was a significant
fact that one of Richard's earliest ventures in
the show-field had been made with a roan cow
called Faith, of the Farewell family. She was
a large and excellent cow, but somewhat mas-
culine, and could only get a second against
Necklace at the Yorkshire meeting, but her
name represented the foundation upon which
Warlaby built for the future — implicit confi-
dence in the value of the blood combinations
there at work. From Faith sprang Hope in
the form of a roan daughter of that name — got
by the white bull Leonard — that went to the
Yorkshire Show in 1845 as a two-year-old and
there became one of the first of a long and
truly regal line of Warlaby winners.

In 1846 Richard Booth made his bow at the
Royal, held that year in the Tyneside Country,
near Newcastle. Bracelet and Necklace were
there, but fortunately had graduated into the
class for ''extra stock." Leonard's daughter

John Booth's BIRTHDAY at Folk Yf.aks Or.n.

Thk Booth Cow VIVANDIERE at Fivk Ykars.

/iV<-./ />y ./oAh Ontkii'.iit,, /uUHffsf. IWtskir*. EmglomJ.

KILLERBY AND WARLABY. 127

Hope, then three years old, defeated all other
cows of her age in the yard, repeating the per-
formance at the Yorkshire at AV akefield. Not
only did the handsome Hope accomplish this in
1846, but what was even more to the point dur-
ing that same year she produced to the cover
of Buckingham the red heifer Charity, that sub-
sequently attained imperishable renown as the
motlier of

Crown Prince (10087). — This extraordinary
breeding bull was a roan, dropped l»y Charity
May 10, 1841), to a service by the white Fitz
Leonard (7010). Mr. Carr says: "Of Charity,
who so long graced the Warlaby pastures, it is
sufficient to sa}^ that she was the personitica-
tion of all that is beautiful in Short-horn shape.
Such was her regularity of form that a straight
wand laid along her side longitudinally from
the lower flank to the forearm and from the
hips to the up[)er part of the shoulder blades
touched at almost every point: her quarters
were so broad, her crops and shoulders so full,
her ribs so boldly projected, and the space l)e-
tween tlioni and the W(dl-cushioued hips so
arched over with fl«\'^h as to form a continuous
line. It was dillicult for the most hypercritical
eye to detect a failing ])oiiit in this ]ierfectly-
molded jniimal. and it was in consrt|n(Mu*e of
Mr. Booth's high ai»prtn'iatiou of Ikm* merits and
those of her son that he made such free use of

128 A HISTORY OF SHORT-HORN CATTLE,

Crown Prince. Charity won every prize for
which she was shown save one, when she was
beaten as a calf by another of the same herd,
after which her career was one of unvaried
success. She was thrice decked with the white
rosette at the Royal and thrice at the Yorkshire
meetings."

The Prince proved probably the greatest
stock-getter of all the many celebrated bulls ever
used at Warlaby. He was never shown, so val-
uable were his services in the breeding herd;
his capacity in that respect was attested not
only by such champion show cattle as Necta-
rine Blossom and the four peerless "Queens,"
but his bulls — for one of which, the champion
Windsor, Mr. Booth refused £1,000 — were in
demand from all parts of the Kingdom. But
one of his sons, Duke of Buckingham, was ever
sold, Mr. Booth preferring to retain the owner-
ship of all. They were let and used with re-
markable results on some of the best herds of
their time. Mr. Carr, the accomplished histo-
rian of the Booths, said of Crown Prince: "To
the visitor at Warlaby I would say, ^Si monii-
mentum requiris, circumspice!''''^ If you ask
where is his monument, look around you.

Isabella Buckingham and other celebrities.
— Isabella, by Pilot, had produced nine calves
before her transfer to Warlaby, but she there
gave birth at the extreme age of eighteen years

KILLERBY AND WARLABY. 120

to the white heifer Isabella (Vol. VI, page 405,
Coates' Herd Book), by Young Matchem (4422),
that .subsequently produced tlie white Fitz
Leonard (7010), sire of Crown Prince (100^57);
the" big, broad-backed, heavy-loined roan sire
and show bull Vanguard (10094), that accpiired
fame in the great I>ooth-bred herd of Mr. Torr,
and the roan heifers innocence and Isabella
Buckingham. Innocence in turn produced the
white Leonidas (10414), that sired tlie famous
Monk (11S24) — also white — one of the best of
the Warlaby bulls. Carr says that the hair of
Leonidas was so long that it fairly *• waved in
the wind, like the wool on a sheep's back."
Isabella Buckingham, "a superb cow of great
substance," was a roan, dro})ped March 29,
1S45, and as her name implies was a daughter
of Bracelet's son Buckingliam. Slip thus joined
the l)lood of one of the greatest of all Killerby
cows to that of the queenly Isabella. The "im-
posing grandeur" of the Warlai)y Isabellas was
a theme upon which admirers of the herd ever
loved to dwell, and Isabella Buckingliam of
that line, like Charity, reajied a rich haiTest of
ribl)()ns and ros(^ttes.

Indeed after Ls4() Warlaby's [dace in the Na-
tional shows was for many years uiKpiestitmed.
At the Xortham[)ton IJoyal of ]^il Cherry Blos-
som (by Buckingham), a noble cow "with m;i:>-
sive foie quarters and of stutt^ly presence." was

9

130 A HISTORY OF SHORT-HORN CATTLE.

first; Isabella Buckingham was first-prize two-
year-old, and Charity the first-prize yearling.
At the same show held at York in 1848 Hope,
(Charity and Isabella were all winners. At the
Norwich Royal of 1849 Charity was first and
Isabella second, Cherry Blossom heading the
post-graduate class, and at the Highland iShow
at Glasgow they repeated in Scotland what
they had accomplished "South o' Tweed."

Meantime Hope had produced to Buckingham
the roan bull Hopew^ell (10332), that early dem-
onstrated his mettle by winning first as a year-
ling at Leeds in 1849. Hopewell became a sire
of great renown, Mr. Booth receiving for his
services while on hire in various herds the great
sum of £1,000. To the cover of Cherry Blos-
som's owQ brother. Baron Warlaby (7813), Hope
gave birth to the short-legged, thrifty roan bull
Harbinger (10297), that won as a yearling at
the Exeter Royal of 1850, and afterward proved
a wonderful stock-getter, siring the prize cow
BridesQiaid and Red Rose, the dam of the w^on-
derful "Queens" to be mentioned further on.
He also became known on this side of the At-
lantic as the sire of Mr. Alexander's imp. Ma-
zurka, ancestress of a very noted American
tribe. Isabella Buckingham was first-prize cow
at same show.

Windsor (14013) and the Blossoms. — We have
already noted the appearance of the first of this

KILLERBY AND WARLABY. 131

family, CheiTy Blossom, in the show-yard. In 1851
the rojui four-year-old cow Plum Bhjssom, by
Buckingham," in calf to Crown Brince, won the
first prize at the Windsor Boyal, and in Octo-
ber following she gave birth to a white bull
calf that afterward carried all before him at
the National and Northern county shows. In
honor of his mothers victory at the Koyal he
wasdubbo(l Windsor. The calf began his win-
nings at Shettiold the following summer. That
wame year another of this family, liose Blossom,
gained first as a two-year-old at the R<jy;il.

Windsor made ten shows and won nine hrst
prizes, being the " bull card" of the Warlaby
exhibit from 1852 to 1855. He was spoken of
as "the Comet of modern times. A very sym-
meti-ical aniiuiil, of extiaordinary length, with
a good masculine head and hoi-u, a well-formed
neck, a very deep and promin'^nt breast, and
well-covered, obliquely-laid shoulders; his l)ack
was admii'ably formed — h'l-m and level — an<l
his ribs were finely arched up to the shoulders,
forming a cylindrical shape throughout; his

•Pliim BIdsaom. aocortllnp to Carr. was "a level, lengthy, 9hor!-l<»er»»<1
cow of k'ri>at siilmtaiifc. She had .'ibuiulane*' of hair, of n rich !■
a vrry Hwoei heail aiul lil>rh-bre<l ai>pear;»iu'e. While «illl Iv. • i

hi'lfiTifor Phini IMimHom w:iy» no hut-houMe imrHllmr. hut .t wi
lli'Uls from liiT blrih) Mr. Kastwowl. vlsltltiif Warlaby with ;
Itooth. li;ul till- ?*airaelty to fort'si-e the jierfi-etlon to which «h'-
tiire. He iiiatle teiiiptluK' overtiireH to cuiiiivtHS her tr.nnsfer to Tv>w !■
which he (lattere<l himself the latter dltl not »e«<m <ll«»lnellniMl to ent<'r- .
but on i-evlvlinr the siibjeet after dinner Mr. Koolh dashi><l his lioiies by p
tlm.'itini: that he could not allow him to ' put In his thiiuib and i>\ill o\it thlit
plum.' '

132 A HISTORY OF SHORT-HORN CATTLE.

quarters were very long and flat, his thighs,
flank and twist remarkably deep and full, and
his legs short and fine below the knee. From
the top of his shoulder to the tip of his brisket
he measured four feet ten inches." After win-
ning at the Carlisle Royal in 1855 an Australian
breeder oifered £l.000 for him, which proposi-
tion Mr. Booth declined. Windsor was sire of
the great show cow Soldier's Bride, presently
to be mentioned.

A few years later the big, ail -conquering
Nectarine Blossom, by Crown Prince, appeared.
In 1857 she was the first-prize cow at York. In

1858 she was first at the Royal, first at the
Yorkshire and winner of the lOO-gninea cup at
Durham Show as best animal in the yard. In

1859 she was again first among cows at the
Royal. Of this tribe also was that broad, thick-
fleshed prize cow Venus Victrix, shown by John
Booth, as already noticed.

Bride, Bridesmaid and Bride Elect. — A
branch of Mr. Booth's favorite old Halnaby
tribe threw out a blooming bevy of show-yard
favorites between the years 1847 and 1857, be-
ginning with Bagatelle by Buckingham, and
including Bride by Hopewell, Bridesmaid by
Harbinger, and the extraordinary white cow
Bride Elect by Vanguard (10994). The latter
was regarded as the wonder of her day in re-
spect to her astonishing development of bosom

KIIJ-KliHY AM) W'AIil.AHV. lo')

and fore quarters, and al.so carried a beautiful
head and horn. Siie was a lead inj^ winner in
the Warhihy show hci-'ls fi-()in iSo-l to 1^58,

The quartette of " Queens." — The same llal-
naby or Strawberry tribe that gave Warlaby
tliese liridcs apptNircd a^ain in full flower just
as Bride Elect Ijegan to lose her blo(jni;'^ Kcrl
Rose, by Harbinger, producing to the cover of
Crown Prince that remarkable group of heifers
Queen of the .May, Queen Mai), Queen of the
Vale, and finally the noble Queen of the Ocean.
It is related that a bhink clie<k tendered by
Rev. J. Bolden for Red Rose — the dam of these
celebrities — when she was a heifer was refused.
Mr. Booth's vision as to her future usefulness
was in this case prophetic, as he was afterward
offered l.oOO guineas forQue(Mi of tln^ May. the
Hrst of the daughters to enter the show-yard.
This heifer began winning as a yearling at the
Chelmsford Royal of LSoB. Queen Mai), "the
Orecdv beauty," entered the prize list as a year-
ling at the sauK^ society's show at Shrewsbury
in 1857. Queen of the Vale came forward in
1858. Que(Mi of the Oc«\in was presented as a
cow at the Battersea b'oyal of 1SIV2. receiving
tirst in her class and gold medal as best fi^nale
in the yanl. That same year ^lu> won the 1<MU

•Old rutl«ly. lonir-tlini< tionlnm.in for Mr BcHith. vroiiW iwiy: " Ajro' jron'ii
poor an III HrliU> KUhI. Dlil yo i-vor b<'«' ««|o an a bn-am and bJo Ict^irht Um.
horn? Y:in wad wonder how «li- tvino oonid l»<»ar wao niuoklo 0»N»f. l><v<k at
hi>r rvinu>H and iIiIcIih. and lolnn. and alKHni a', ihai brca«t: Why ihorv bo
an alHi plonlv for twa iH'aHls' '

134 A HISTORY OF SHORT-HORN CATTLE.

guinea cup championship at Durham County
Show. In 1863, shown with Soldier's Bride,
she was one of the first-prize pair of cows at
the Worcester Roj^al, and first at the York-
shire, Northumberland, North Lancashire, Cra-
ven, Halifax and Keighley Shows.

Queen of the May has been described as al-
most a model. Her loins and chine were broad
and deeply covered, her head sweetly feminine
and her shoulders, girth and neck veins fault-
less. Her quarters were long and level; her
only weakness being at the thigh. She was
unfortunately permanently injured on a rail-
way journey. Queen of the Yale and Queen
Mab were described in the Journal of the High-
land Agricultural Society, after winning first
and second respectively at Perth, in the follow-
ing language:

"Queen of the Vale is a cow of faultless proportions, a perfect
parallelogram in form, with well-fleshed, obliquely-laid shoulders,
a good head and a verj"- sweet neck and bosom, sweeping finely,
into the shoulders, the points of which are completely hidden by
the full neck vein. Queen Mab is, if possible, still more remarka-
ble than her sister for her broad, thick, level loins, depth of twist
and armful of flank ; but she is now perhaps less faultless, as her
hind quarters are becoming plain and patchy from fat. She is,
however, equal, if not superior, to Queen of the Vale in her mar-
velous capacity of girth, fore rib and bosom. Like her sister, she
maintains her cylindrical proportions wonderfully throughout,
the ribs retaining their circular form up to the shoulders, with
which they blend without any depression either at the crops or
behind the elbow, and from thence the fore quarters taper beauti-
fully to the head."

The massive Queen of the Ocean was a royal
specimen of her race, with the traditional

KlLLERIiV AND WAJiLABY.

I3rj

Booth wealth of flesh, shortness of h.'g iiiifl
perfect fore quartors. The Battersea judges
called her "all that a cow should Ije." She
became the dam of the Imll i'liixeof Batter-
sea, that won a lot of pi'izos as a calf and
yearling but died from the effect of overheat-
ing at the Newcastle Koyal of 1S04. The gr^it
price of 800 guineas had been refused for him.
Queen of the Vale had a heifer, Queen of tlic
May 2d, that also became a great winner.
Three of the victories of Queen Mab. Nectarine
Blossom and Queen of the May reduced to Mr.
Booth's possession the Durham Society's KM)-
guinea challenge cup, which thereafter became
an heirloom of the house of Warlaby.

Vivandiere, Campfollower and Soldier's
Bride. — One of the most remarkable of the
Warlaby matrons was the prolific Vivandiere,
by Buckingham. Her description indicates
that she was what the Scotch herdsmen call
"a lady coo," or what is in common cattle-
breeding parlance a "breedy" cow. Mr. Can-
incidentally gives us Kicluird BootlTs testi-
mony to be added to that of nearly all other
eminent breeders to the effect that good breed-
ing cows usually have good heads. He says:
"The modest Vivandiere. with her beautiful
head, was frequently uiiobsc^rved. exce[»t by the
admiriM's of a. well-tilltMl udder, unless brougiit
into notice by \\\o (juii^t observation from her

136 A HISTORY OF SHORT-HORN CATTLE,

owner 'Look at that head and hair!'" She
had ten calves, among them being tlie prize-
winning Prince Alfred, Prince Arthur, Wel-
come, Vivacity, Verity, Soldier's Nurse, and the
great cow Campfollower. Prince Alfred gained
many prizes in 1864 and 1865, was used at
Windsor, was let one year to the Emperor Na-
poleon III for the French Government Experi-
mental Farm and afterward spent two years at
Lady Pigot's; Her Ladyship being an enthusi-
astic breeder of Booth Short-horns, and produc-
ing among other celebrities Rosedale, by Va-
lasco. Mr. Booth did not make a practice of
showing his stock bulls, but Dixon says that
"old Prince Alfred after making a perfect
Ulysses of himself in the home farms of
princes, emperors and baronets came out and
was first in the bull class in the eleventh year
of his age."

One of the most valuable cows ever produced
at Warlaby was Vivandiere's daughter Camp-
follower, by Crown Prince. She was described
as "a truly noble cow, with queenly gait."
Moreover, she would have been a profitable
cow in any working dairy. Lideed, she died at
last from milk fever, after giving birth to the
heifer Soldier's Nurse, that was presented by
Richard Booth to his nephews at Killerby. Li
the hands of the lacter the "Nurse" produced
Soldier's Dream and the thick, heavy-fleshed

KIl.J.KIil'.y AND WAIJI.AMV. 137

bull Hiigadc Mmjoi-, by Valasco. rjiiripfollowpr
l)rob:ibly contributed as much to the ultimate
fame of Warlaby as any other member of the
herd, lired to Windsor (14018) she produced
ill 1S51) the celebrated white show cow Soldier's
Ihide. As a yearling the latter grew into an
astonishing specimen of early maturity, and
later on became one of the most magniticent
cows of her time, her grandly-aiched ribs,
l)eautiful bosom and gi'eat heart-gii-th marking
her as one of the outstanding Short-horns of
her day and generation. She traveled the cir-
cuit for several years with her renowned stable
companion Que(Mi of the Ocean, had the honor
of defeating that extraordinary cow upon sev-
eral occasions, and in ISff") became the dam of
the roan heifer Jbide of the \'ale. sold to Wal-
cott& Camplndl of New York f or S.").( K K"). In the
spring of 1S64 ('ami)fcdlower ilropi)ed the roan
bull Commandei--in-('hief CiUol ). by Vahisco
(15448), in reference to which the xcnri-able
Mr. Wetherell said: •■lie is the best bull 1
have seen since the days of Comet. ' In the
hands of Mr. T. ( '. Hooth. who snccj^cded t(» tln^
possession of Wiulaby Herd. Connnander-in-
Chief :i((|nitrd international fame.

Death of Richard Booth. On the 8 1st of
October. iSCd. •full of years and honoi^s." Kitdi-
ard Hooth died at the age of .seventy-six.
Shortly before his deiith he liad refusi^d an

138 A HISTORY OF SHORT-HORN CATTLE.

offer of £15,000 for his herd^ which, while at
that time reduced to some thirty head, included,
amoug other "future-great" individuals, Lady
Blithe's sensational yearling heifer Lady Fra-
grant and Campfollower's baby bull Com-
mander-in-Chief— a pair destined to add, in
other hands, fresh laurels to the house of
Booth. The delightful "Boswell" of this re-
markable family of Short-horn breeders (Wil-
liam Carr) takes leave of Richard Booth, "the
good old man," in the following characteristic
language :

"He sleeps in peace beneath the shade of the old grey tower
of Ainderby, that looks down upon the scene of his useful and
quiet labors. But Warlaby is there still, and his kith and kin
retain its hall and herd. And it may be added — for it is a circum-
stance too well known to savor at all of flattery— that his nephew
and successor, Mr. T. C. Booth, is no unworthy or unskillful heir,
while his amiable wife lends a new charm to the old place; and
his rising family gives the promise of the continuance of the long-
continued Warlaby herd for generations yet to come."

The Booth method of breeding. — The Messrs.

Booth always adhered to the proposition that
they secured their best results by interbreed-
ing their own established tribes. At the same
time they were aw^are of the fact that inbreed-
ing the cattle in their possession was quite a
different proposition from, and was probably
attended by more dangers than, inbreeding as
practiced by the Collings. In the latter case
the cattle that were incestuously bred had no
prior relationships. With the Booth stock as

KILLERBY AND WARLABY. 139

it existed at Wai-laby inbreeding meaiit the
mating of close affinities, as nearly all ran back
originally to llubback and Favorite through a
hundred dilferent channels. So we find thorn
introducing at a comparatively early period the
Mason blood of Matchem — to which Bates also
resorted later — and Lord Stanley (4269), of the
Earl of Carlisle's breeding. The oreeding of
John Booth's Bracelet to Col. Cradock's Mus-
sulman, and of Richard Booth's White Straw-
berry to Lord Lieutenant, of Raine's blood,
proved to be wise procedure. Neither Buck-
ingham nor Leonard, the two bulls secured
from those outside services, were extraordi-
nary individuals. In fact the former was
called "shal)by." But when the fresh blood
(50 per cent) carried by these bulls was re-
duced to 25 per cent, as found in their prog-
eny, the result, as must appear from the fore-
going recital, was all that could be desired.
Indeed, in the case of the matchless sire Crown
Prince both of these fresh currents met in di-
luted form. Lord Stanley, bred to Bracelet,
gave John Booth's noted shon cow Birthday.
Two later attempts at (nitcrossing were
made, one through the bull Kxquisite (S048)
and the other through WatiM* King (1 1024). but
both wore considered at the time as having
l)een unsucc(v-^sful. N(^v<M-tholess Isal^olla Buck-
ingham's (hiiighter vSaui[)lt\ 1>\ Kxijuisito, was

140 A HISTORY OF SHORT-HORN CATTLJE.

bred to Crown Prince, and the product of that
union — a heifer called Specimen — was (con-
trary to Mr. Booth's usual practice) bred back
to her own sire (Crown Prince); the double
cross of that bull upon the outcrossed cow pro-
ducing the prize-winning Lady Grace, that was
first at the Cleveland Show^ at Yarm in 1861.
In her the true Booth type w^as completely re-
gained, and her daughter Graceful was one of
a pair of prize heifers at Worcester Royal.
Carr states that both of these animals were of
robust constitution, with abundance of hair.
Exquisite was bought by Messrs. Booth and
Torr at the Wiseton sale at thirteen months
old for 370 guineas. He is said to have had
plenty of substance and " a profusion of beau-
tiful hair," and combined Mason's and Earl
Spencer's blood.

Water King was a roan, bred by Mr. Torr
from Baron Warlaby (7813) out of the Bates
Waterloo cow Water Witch by 4th Duke of
Northumberland (3649). While Mr. Booth did
not fancy his calves, yet one of his daughters —
Peach Blossom — was good enough to go into
the show herd in 1852, and won second to
Bridesmaid at the Royal at Gloucester. A
Water King heifer — Welcome, from Campfol-
lower— was called "homely." but her daughter
Welcome Hope, by Hopewell, was good. Old
Cuddy said of her; "Aye, Hopewell has putten

KILf.ERBY AND WARLABY. 141

in some ^uda work when he gat that heifer.
She wad make up a slashin' cow, though she
have a touch o' I3ate.s bluid in Iht; but then,
ye ken, Hopow^oll wad mak' up a' deficiencies."

The fecundity of the Booth cattle was un-
favorably affected by high feeding for show.
They had not been as intensely bred as the
Bates Duchesses. The limited number of the
latter produced during a i)eriod of nearly fifty
years by Mr. Bates- as shown by the table
printed on jnige 118 was unquestionably due
to incestuous mating. The complete extinc-
tion, in the female line, of some of the best
Warlaby tribes — such as the Blossoms and
Charities — was laid at the door of the exacting
requiromcnts of the Royal and otlier show-
yai'ds.

We may conclude this reference to the work
of John and Richard Booth bv the folldwiim
quotation from Saddle (uitj Sirloin:

"A more remarkable contrast than these two celebrated broth-
ei-s, both in form and tem|)crament, is seldom met with in prac-
tice. John, the elder, was, like Kobert Collinp, i>erhaps the more
ori^rinal thinker of the two, but not the same steady worker. He
was more the man of the world, fond of a p-allop with the Bedale
and always ripe and ready for a little fnn; while Richard was
much more of the diirnilied recluse and thoufrht 'no place like
home.' .lohn delijrhtcd to po off on judtrin;; expeditions, while
Kichard never donntnl the ermine and only caret! for a pood lodp-
inp or his ' ease at mine inn ' durinp a preat show, that he mipht
see a few select staiiiiajil-lKMrers, who would share his winninp
pleasure or sympathize with him if he were In^aten. John was an
apt and ready s|H«akcr and never .sat down without .some ()uaint.
racy sentiment which set the table in a roar; Richard merely rose

142 A HISTORY OF SHORT-HORN CATTLE.

and bowed to the Chairman and Vice in turn and let himself down
again, with a simple word of thanks to the company. One was
more off-handed and hardly valued his herd enough ; the other was
the man of business who appraised it to a nicety."

The Warlaby bulls were for years in such
demand that it was with difficulty customers
could be supplied. Ireland's Sliort-horn herds
were fairly dominated by them, while in Eng-
land such distinguished breeders as Lady Pigot,
Messrs. Torr, Bruere, Outhwaite, Peel, Pawlett
and others, by their intelligent manipulation of
Booth blood, assisted materially in giving it
that high renown which it has so Jong enjoyed.

CHAPTER VI.

OTHER EMINENT ENGLTSTT P^TIEEDERS.

The earlier volumes of the English Herd
Book contain the ilanies of many successful
breeders, but the operations of most of them
were more or less obscured by the brilliant
achievements at Ketton, Barmpton. Killerby,
Kirklevington and Warlaby. It must not be
supposed, however, that all early knowledge of
the art of Short-horn-breeding began and ended
with the eminent breeders mentioned in the
foregoing pages. The cai-eers of these Naj)©-
leons of the trade necessarily occupy our atten-
tion somewhat to the disadvantage of other
worthy workers in the cause of improvement,
but no survey of the foundntion upon which
our American Short-horn-i)ree<ling rests would
be com])h'te without some reference at this
point to a few other herds tiiat existed prior to.
or cojit(Mnporaneous with, the period when onr
leading pioneer l)uy(»rs entered tlu^ English
market.

Mason of Chilton. About midway betwe«Mi
the cities of hurliain and Hai'lington Mr. Cliris-

144 A HISTORY OF SHORT-HORN CATTLE!

topher Mason of Chilton established a herd from
which Kirklevington, Killerby, Warlaby, Ury,
Sittyton and various American herds derived
undoubted elements of strength — various de-
tractors to the contrary notwithstanding. Mr.
Wetherell always insisted that "Mason got rid
of the open shoulders and improved the fore
quarters generally." The foundation of the
herd was drawn largely from the stock of Mr.
Maynard of Eryholme, One section of it de-
scended through Miss Lax, by Dalton Duke
(188), a daughter of "the beautiful Lady May-
nard," bought by Charles Colling, as detailed in
a preceding chapter. From this cow and her
white heifer, Lily by Favorite (252), descended
the great family of Victorias afterward so pop-
ular on both sides the Atlantic. From Lily's
family also came Earl Spencer's Hecatomb
(2102), that defeated Mr. Bates' renowned Duke
of Northumberland (1940) at York in 1838.
From Lily also descended Great Mogul (14661),
first-prize bull calf at Salisbury Royal; like-
wise Exquisite (8048), for w^iich Messrs. Booth
and Torr paid $1,850 as a yearling; and also
the Royal prize-winning roan Bolivar (25649),
sold to Mr. Brierley.

Another section of the Chilton herd de-
scended from the cow Fortune, bred by Charles
Colling, and running through Bolingbroke (86),
Foljambe (263) and Hubback (319) to a cow

OTHER EMINENT ENGLISH BREEDERS. 1 \')

bred l)y Mr. Maynard. She proved very pro-
lific, giving Mr. Mason ten calves (of which six
were bulls) between 1796 and 1807. America
is indebted to Fortime, as foundation dam,
for the Woodburn Miss W'ileys and the fa-
mous Bedford and Warfield Loudon Duch-
esses. Also for tlie Baroness family, ten of
which sold at E. (l. Bedford's sale in 1874 for
an average of $000 each. Our Lady Chester-
fords claim a similar origin; and of this tribe
was Dodona, a noted English cow that, after
having been sold to Earl Spencer as barren,
in the skillful hands of Mr. Jonas Webb had
190 descendants within a period of twenty-five
years. Matchem (2281), sire of the Matchem
cow that gave j\lr. Bates his Oxford tiibe. was
bred by Mason from a Fortune foundation.
The Matchem blood also went into the Booth
herds. Usurer (97(t8), used l)y Lord Ducie upon
the Bates Du(diesses, came from C'assandia,
daughter of Mr. Mason's No. 25; and of simi-
lar extraction was iln^ cow Goodness — ances-
tress of the American family of that nanu'
that sold at auction in Kentucky for i^2.(i25.

Mr. Mason made a memoral)le closing-out
sale in 1829, which was largely attended by
leading l)r<MMlers, Earl Si)eucer being om^ of tlie
heaviest buyers. At this sale the highest-
priced lot was tlie t]ireo-year-(dd roan heifor
Lady Sai-ah. l»y Sat('llil(> tll2<>). i.un-hastnl l>y

10

<

146 A HISTORY OF SHORT-HORN CATTLE.

Capt. Barclay of Ury, along with several other
females, and taken to Scotland. Her dam was
the famous Portia. At Ury Lady Sarah was
bred back to her own son, Monarch (4495), the
produce being the great breeding bull Mahomed
(6170), sire of The Pacha (7612) and other ani-
mals from whence many of Scotland's greatest
cattle have descended. From this same Mason
sale also came Mary Ann (by Sillery), ances-
tress of a noted Scottish family. From Mr.
Holmes' purchases at this sale (taken to Ire-
land) Mr. Amos Cruickshank afterward ob-
tained the foundation dam of the Sittyton Vic-
torias; and last, but by no means least, we may
pass some credit to Mason of Chilton for the
ancestral dam of the now-celebrated Cruick-
shank bull-breeding Clipper tribe.

Lord Althorpe (Earl Spencer). — The nobility
displayed interest in the breed in the early
days as now. One of the first to engage in the
business was Lord Althorpe, afterwards Earl
Spencer, of Wiseton, near Doncaster. He was
prominent in politics for many years and on
that account unable to devote as much atten-
tion to the work as tenant farmers could give to
it, but he nevertheless managed to inform him-
self thoroughly and finally accumulated proba-
bly the largest herd of the day in England.*

*Earl Spencer was at one time Chancellor of the Exchequer. Still he
had a much greater passion for Short-horns than for politics. John Grey of

OTIIKR EMINENT ENGJ.ISII liUEEDEKS. 147

Bates early acquirerl an influence over liirn, as-
sisted him in some of his selections of breeding
stock, was frequently his guest at Wiseton, and
let for his use one or two of the earlier Duchess
bulls, but subsequently their relations became
strained, owing, it is said, to His Lordship's
endeavoring to hire away from Bates Robert
Bell, whom he desired to put in charge of the
Wiseton Short-horns.

At Robert CoUing's sale Lord Althorpe pur-
chased the five-year-old cow Nonpareil at 370
guineas, the four-year-old Rosette at 300 guin-
eas, the three-year-old bull Regent (544) — all
by Wellington — at 145 guineas, and Diana, 1)}'
Favorite, at 78 guineas. Mr. Bates warned him
that in his judgment these were not of desira-
ble breeding on account of the large infusion
of the blood of Bon (70). He also advan«'ed the
superior claims of his Duchesses, and induced
Althorpe to send the high-priced Rosette to be
bred to Duke (22()), after which the Duke bull
His Grace (311) was hired from Bates. At the
Mason sale His Lordship bought sixteen fe-
males and a bull, paying up to 145 guineas.

DllBton, a man who nttaliuMt hljrh honor In connoctlon with Norih-ConntiTr
airrlc\ilturo, HHiially oall.-*! on His Lortlslilp at tho Qovernni<<nt i>m.-o8 whon
In London. " I'ou'w come about cowi, tir," obaorred the .tttoudant, 'to yt'H no'
have lono tn iralt."

In his younK'or days Oir-y wan a Hchoohnato of John ami Rlcharrl nt>oth
at Rl<<hniond. Ho was a »n-at lovrrof cattle ami w:m wont to bihmkI lile
vacations with tho rollings, rhariro and Maynanl. Pr. Tal«» onco anKfxl
him wliat ho fonnil to talk abotit dnrlnir thoso visits, (o whli-h tho yonth
ropUcU lu duo claHSle phraso: "Coniot tt <d tftnus omtu.'—SaddU and StrUMi^

148 A HISTORY OF SHORT-HORN CATTLE.

The Earl was more or less of a speculator in
cattle, but was credited with having done much
toward making Short-horns "fashionable''
among the great landed proprietors. He is
said to have been the first to command an ex-
tensive bull trade, and has been called a "cow
jobber." His herd was of mixed origin and
composition, and it is said was crossed in-and-
in, in imitation of the Collings, until constitu-
tion was sacrificed. This fault seems to have
been corrected, however, for at the time of
Earl Spencer's death in the "forties" the herd
numbered about 150 head, and his legatee, a
Mr. Hall, soon afterward disposed of them at
public sale at high prices, one bull bringing 400
guineas, another 370 guineas, and some of the
cows 200 guineas each.

Jonas Whitaker. — Near the great manufac-
turing city of Leeds, in Southwestern York-
shire, Mr. Jonas Whitaker, a Quaker cotton-
spinner, built up at Otley one of the largest
and best herds of its time; a herd in which
some of the greatest of the old-time bulls were
used, and from which our early importers
drew some of their most valuable material.
Whitaker had more cattle recorded in the first
three volumes of cows in Coates' Herd Book
than any breeder in England, Earl Spencer not
excepted. In fact it was due to his personal
efforts that Coates was enabled to issue the

OTHER P:MINENT ENGLISH P>KEEDKKH. 141)

first volume of the herd book at Otley in
1822. He was proiul of the dairy capacity
of his stock, payin<^ as much attention to the
udder as to any other point in the conforma-
tion of his cows and heifers. Among his most
celebrated bulls were Frederick (lOGO) and his
sons Bertram (1710) and Fairfax (1023). Fred-
erick was intensely bred in the blood of Favor-
ite and Comet. Mr. Bates' Enchanter (244),
Ketton 3d (349) and 2d Hubback (14-J3) were
also in service. From Mason he had His High-
ness (2125); from Col. Trotter's came Plato
(505) and from Robert Colling s Harold (201).
Sir Charles Tempest's Dan O'Connell (3557)
also appears in the Whitaker pedigrees.

When the agents of the Ohio Importing Co.
visited England in 1S34 they wore much im-
pressed by the excellence of Mr. Whitakei's
herd and })ought some of their best cattle from
him, including the cow Josephine, by Norfolk,
and bull Duko of York (1941), by Frederick.
From this herd also came (ieorge Kenick's
Prince Charles (24()1), by Norfolk. The Renicks
used Whitaker blood freely in th«» Rose of
Sharons. Mr. Rotch and Col. Powell- Ameri-
can importers of a still earlier date — had also
bought of WliitaktM'. ;is will be detailed further
oil.

\\ liilaUcr drew his foundation stock from
the best of the old-established herds, and iiad

150 A HISTORY OF SHORT-HORN CATTLE.

such sound old blood as that of Charles Col-
ling's Old Daisy and Magdalena; Robert Col-
ling's Bright Eyes and Golden Pippin; Mason's
Portia; Maj. Eudd's Daisys; Mr. Charge's Pret-
tymaid and Venus; John Booth's Moss Roses
and Bracelets; Wetherell's Rosanne, a Red
Rose through the American Cow's line; Col.
Trotter's Georgiana, the Feldom tribe, from
whence came the celebrated progeny of Fair
Frances; Miss Fairfax, dam of the Bristol Royal
winner Sir Thomas Fairfax; the prolific Moss
Rose, and Nonpareil, the dam of the great bull
Norfolk (2377), sold to Mr. Fawkes and resorted
to by Thomas Bates. In fact Bates bought
Nonpareil at Mr. Whitaker's dispersion sale of
1833 for 102 guineas, besides breeding some of
his best cows to her son.

Wetherell, the "Nestor" of the trade. — As
a mere lad Wetherell listened to the lively
bidding under the lime trees at Ketton in 1810,
and like many others had an enthusiasm for
the "red, white and roan " kindled in his breast
that day which lasted throughout a long
and useful life. At the Barmpton sale eight
years later he bought Lady Anne at 100 guin-
eas and Cleopatra at 133 guineas, and before
night had them lodged at Holm House, where
he proceeded to build up his first herd. Here
was bred the famous Rosanna and the bulls
Magnet (2240) and St. Leger (1414), the latter

OTHER EMINENT ENGLISH BREEDERS. 101

sold to Mr. Keniiif for 250 guineas. The herd
was closed out iu 1828 and another founded
near Durham by the purchase at strong prices
of good cattle from contempoi-ary breeders.
He gave 250 guineas for Emperoi- flS:]0)and
100 guineas for liis darn lilossoin at Mr. II ut-
ton's sale. Emperor was shown at the New-
castle Royal in 1846 and won over a field of
twenty-four competitors. He had in this herd
also the celebrated IJai-mpton Rose, and after
breeding Princess Royal from her she was sold to
Henry Watson. She was carrying at that time
Buttercup, that became the dam of Butterfly,
which when crossed with Frederick produced at
Towneley the never-beaten ${),(m Master But-
terfly. It was from Mi-. Wetherell's third herd
at Kirkbridge that Eastwood got Blanche 5th
by Duke of Noi-tliuml)erland and Roan Duchess.
From these came Towneley's great Uoan Duch-
ess 2d and tlio sliow heifer Blanche Oth. An
outbreak of ])leuro-[)neuinonia nearly destroyed
the Kirkl)ridge Herd and the farm had to be
given up, but notliing daunted a fourth lierd
was established at Aldboro. Uow lie had in
cliargo of his devoted herdsman, John Ward,
such good ones as the roan Moss Rose, that
stood next to Warlaby's Nectarine Blossom in
many a hard-fought battle: the beautiful Stan-
ley Rose "with Ikm- gay little head an.l Bride
Elect bosom": tiu> stately i)i-oad-backed Lady

152 A HISTORY OF SHORT-HORN CATTLE.

Scarboro and the fine bull Statesman, measur-
ing twenty-six inches from "hooks " to tail. At
Aldboro the roan Rosette was also bred (1856)
and sold to Mr. Eastwood, who declared her the
"best calf" he ever saw and afterward "the
sweetest cow." She was winner of many Royal
and other prizes and challenge cups. This herd
was at length dispersed at a memorable auction
sale which was well attended, and averaged
about seventy-three guineas for forty-eight lots.
Stanley Rose topped the sale amid great cheer-
ing at 300 guineas from Lady Pigot.

In the course of his long and active connec-
tion with the trade Mr. Wetherell acquired a
great fund of "cattle lore," and he was never
happier than when in the company of kindred
spirits with whom he could hold discourse on
the "red, white and roan." That delightful
"gossip" of days "lang syne," the late H. H.
Dixon, who under the nam de plume of " The
Druid" has fairly thrown a glamour of romance
about the lives and characters of the leading
British breeders and sportsmen of the olden
times, writing of Wetherell, his home and his
friends, says:

"'Nestor's' little home at Aldboroiigh has many a herd me-
mento on its walls. There is the cow bred by Mr. Thomas Booth
which he sold at two years old to Mr. Carter of Theakstone and
then bought back at beef price and put to Comus (1861). She had
three heifers, and Mr. Rennie Sr. of Phantassie bid him 500 guin-
eas for them and ended by buying the oldest out of the pasture
for 250 guineas. The second went to Mr. Whitaker. Three I'oans

OTHER P:MINENT ENViLlsiI HKEEDERS. 153

are there from Herring's hand and painted in Memnon'3 year,
when he was a struf,%'liug coachman-artist in Sprinfr Gardens,
Doncaster. Comet (155) is said to bo the only one by Weaver in
existence. Mr. Wetherell always thoufjht Comet too long, but
still a more elegant bull than Duke of Northumberland, who had
also to struggle against rather upright shoulders. Comet's kith
and kin are there in St. John and Gaudy, by Favorite, bred by
Mason, who always loved good hair.

'"Bid me discourse' is an invitation Mr. Wetherell never
shrank from; and, with the brothers Colling, Mr. Thomas Booth'
Sir Tatton Sykes, Capt. Barclay and Mr. Wiley on his walls, it
--vould be strange if he did not sit by the hour in his ea.sy chair
and tell of old times and Short-horn doings wlien they were all in
the flesh. At times the gig comes for the Chief Baron to go over
and spend a few days at Killerby and Warlaby. He presides
there in great state at those 'high-private trials ' of Short-horns
under the trees in the home garth and cites the Charity prece-
dents. Mr. John Outhwaite frerjuently assists, and, adopting a
mode of practice quite unknown to the Westminster law courts,
that learned Baron generally backs his opinion from the bench for
one, if not two, new hats.

" ' Great constitution ' is Mr. Wetherell's leading tenet, but
'great size ' never was; and if he does illustrate it ho goes to Col.
Cradock, who gloried in it, and whose '• Magnum Tinnum uas lOit the
Great Eastern.'' He always considers that Earl Spencer began the
bull trade and made Short-horns, so to speak, fashionable with
the landlords. It was the thing to go to Wiseton— more especially
about the St. Leger time— and if visitors liked a cow they bar^
gained to give £50 for the produce. The Earl crossed in till he
sacrificed constitution— they had tliin fore quarters and no breasts
—and it was then that Mason, a very clever, first-rate judge, a
hater of ' fool's fat ' and oi>en shoulders, and most decided about
fore quarters and a good nock vein, came to the Earl's aid. Whit-
aker was a groat keeper, and all for the milk-bag, and Bates' mel-
low, light-Heshed sort grew less and less robust— they would pet
fat, but they would not swell and thicken like the B.x)ths. which
will stand any amount of hi^jh i)rcssuro. Such is a mere fragTueut
of his confession of Short liorn faith."

From W(Mher(>irs hovd ciuuo some of the
best of flie early AintMican iiii]MU'tatious into
New I'Ji^^laiid.

Wiley of Brandsby. S;iinii.'l U iley lesided

154 A HISTORY OF SHORT-HORN CATTLE.

in the East Riding of Yorkshire; "his long,
low-pitched house, with the dark-green Cotoni-
astus creeping over it and peeping with its red
flowrets in at every lattice," being " quite the
realization of a snug Yorkshire home." He
was a great lover of Leicester sheep and Short-
horns, and in 1814 began cattle-breeding by
hiring from Wright of Cleasby a son of the
$5,000 Comet. Adonis, another Comet bull,
did him much good service, and was followed
by an ow^n brother, Jupiter (343), the succession
being maintained by North Star (459) and Har-
old (291), which were returned to Robert Col-
ling before the Barmpton sale of 1818. At that
event he bought the ten-year-old bull Midas
(435), after a bit of warm work with Sir Wil-
liam Cooke, at 270 guineas. From Midas he
bred his great Grazier (1085), that was used by
Sir John Johnstone, Lord Feversham, Smith of
West Rasen and others until fourteen years of
age. One of his best sons was Ganthorpe (2049),
bred at Castle Howard. Whitaker blood was
introduced by Mr. Wiley through His Highness
(2125), an own brother to the 210-guinea High-
flyer at the Mason sale. Sultan (1485), a de-
scendant of Gen. Simson's 300-guinea purchase,
Mary, at C. Colling's sale, was also used after
having proved his worth by siring in Northum-
berland a class of cattle that the border breed-
ers for many years fondly styled "the good old

OTHER EMINENT ENGLISH BREEDERS. 1 .");">

Jobson sort." Sultan got during bis one year's
service at Brandsby tbe cow Sultana, from
wbicb to the cover of Belshazzar, that bad been
hired from Castle Howard, was bred tbe famous
bull Carcase (3285), that as a yearling stood
second to Hecatomb at York in 1838 in the bull
championship class, defeating Mr. Bates' Duke
of Northumberland, and was soon afterward
sold for 200 guineas.

Another prize bull of Wiley's breeding was
Van Dunck (10992), champion at the Yorkshire,
first-prize two-year-old at the Highland, and
after being placed second in the bull champion-
ship at same show to Maynard's Crusade sold
for 125 guineas to an Aberdeenshire man. The
Wiley cattle were not much shown for a num-
ber of years after these victories, but prizes
were not infrequently won on Brandsby bul-
locks at York Fat-Stock Shows. As late as 1869
Mr. Wiley reappeared with show cattle at the
Royal at Manchester, where he won first in a
ring of two dozen bulls with Earl of Derby, and
at the Yorkshire the same bull was second to
Warlal)y's gi*eat Commander-in-Chief.

The Knightley " Fillpails."— Sir Charles
Knightl(\v of KmwsIov I'ark. Diiventry. after giv-
ing up liounds, about iSlS, founded a herd in
the Midlands that ac([uired a celebrity for itvS
output of milk, cream, luitter and l)oef even
more famous than that attained l)v Whitaker.

156 A HISTORY OF SHORT-HORN CATTLE.

Indeed, the "Fawsley Fillpails," with their
"beautiful fore quarters, gay carriage, general
elegance and strong family likeness," were long
recognized on both sides of the Atlantic as
constituting a type within the breed almost as
distinct as those to which Bates and the Booths
gave their names. A marked uniformity was
attained by the interbreeding of several differ-
ent tribes. The Rosys sprang from a cow of
that name, bred by Mr. Barker of Richmond:
the Rubys were obtpaned from a cow of Hon.
C. Arbuthnot's breeding; the Primroses came
from the old Charge stock; the Quickleys from
a cow called Valuable, bought from Maj. Bower,
and the Walnuts from a Booth foundation.
After a dash of Booth — through the bulls Argus
(759) and Swing (2721) — and a cross from Rob-
ertson, of Ladykirk through Caliph (1774), the
process of crossing the descendants of these
foundation dams was begun ; among the Faws-
ley-bred sires used in this concentration being
the noted Ruby bulls Grey Friar (9172) and
Little John (4232). A new element came in
through the Arbuthnot cow Sylph (ancestress
of the celebrated Charmer and Sweetheart
families), bought especially to breed a bull
from. To a service by Little John she pro-
duced Fawsley (6004), a sire that was exten-
sively used. The successful inbreeding of these
strains was followed by a well-considered cross

OTHER EMINENT ENGLISH BREEDERS. 157

of Princess blood through the noted Earl of
Dublin (1017.S), a white bull bred by J. Ste-
f)henson of Wolviston, tracing to Angelina by
Phenomenon, the mother of the dam of Belve-
dere (1706). John Thornton says: "Sir Charles
took a great fancy to the Earl of Dublin, but
the only opinion that could be obtained from
him was that 'any bull was big enough if he
were good enough.' "

At a memorable sale held at Fawsley in I806
the celebrated white cow^ Cold Cream, by Earl
of Dublin, was bought for the Koyal herd at
Windsor at 100 guineas, a great price for the
times. A granddaughter of this fine dairy cow.
Lady Knightley 2d, was first-prize winner at
the Royal as a yearling, and was sold for 50<J
guineas to Walcott & Campbell of Xew York
Mills, at whose sale she brought $3,100 and her
two daughters $5,000 and $4,000 respectively.
Bosquet, a bull whose name is often met with
in North Country pedigrees, bought by Hay of
Shethin at the Fa'wsley sale of 185G for 200
guineas, was of this same branch (Furbelow) of
the Quickley tribe. At this same great sale
Mr. Th(n'ne of Xew York l)ouLrht four I\osvs at
an average of about $5tHJ each. The Kiiight-
leys seemed to nick paiiicularly well with
Bates-bred sires in the hands of certain leading
Englisli l>rocd(n*s, :\nd were for many years
classed among the best Short-horns of their
time.

158 A HISTORY OP SHORT-HORN CATTLE.

Fawkes of Farnley Hall. — ' The vale of the
Wharfe is adorned with elegant mansions, and
the views obtained from the neighboring eleva-
tions are at once noble and inspiring." So runs
a paragraph in an old Yorkshire chronicle. It
was here that Whitaker had his cattle, and
hard by the little market town of Otley was
established also the fine old herd of Mr. F. H.
Fawkes of Farnley Hall. Whitaker's Norfolk
(2377), the grand roan bull for which the Ohio
Co. offered $2,000 in vain, was the first bull
purchase, and in 1834 Verbena and Medora
were bought at Richard Booth's Studley sale.
They were only "babies" at the time, but Me-
dora developed into a noble cow and produced
nine calves. It seems that after Whitaker dis-
posed of his herd in 1833 he bought some three
dozen well-bred Short-horn cows for the use of
the help at the Burley Mills. Mr. Fawkes was
so favorably impressed with this useful set of
cows that he arranged to have a number of
them — to be chosen by himself — bred to Nor-
folk. He was to pay ten guineas for each calf
at a week old, provided it "did not have a black
nose and had no symptoms of unsoundness."
Some sixty head were thus transferred to Faws-
ley, and the first ten bull calves by Norfolk av-
eraged 100 guineas each. One of these was out
of a half-sister to the cow Young Phyllis, an-
cestress of the American family of that name,

1

OTHER EMINENT ENGLISH BREEDERS. 1 5H

and grew up to fame under the title Sir Thomas
Fairfax (5196), a Koyal and Yorkshire winner.
He was sold at four years to B. Wilson of Bra-
with for 250 guineas. These Whitaker cows
and others, mainly of Booth, Bueeleuch and
Brawith breeding, constituted a herd that sup-
plied many prize bulls and heifers at the Eng-
lish shows, among them being the white Lord
Marquis (10459), by the 200-guinea bull Lauda-
ble (9282). The dam of the Maniuis was out
of Zuleika, a daughter of Norfolk's, out of the
Booth-bred Medora.

John Thornton tells us that tlie herd was
made up largely of *' full roans," and that // was
the owner^s practice to use /ig/tf-colored bulls o?i
dark-colm'cd coirs as being more productire of
good colors. Mr. Fawkes took a keen delight in
his cattle, and loved to entertain appreciative
visitors not only with the roans in his pastures
but among the wondrous '^ Turners'' that hung
in the picture gallery at "the Hall."

William Terr. — One of the most remarkable
characters of his time was Torr of l\il)y and
Aylesby, Lincolnshire. A conteinporary of John
and Richard Booth and Thomas Bates; a man
of indomitable energy and extraordinary re-
sources, holding thousands of acres uiuler
lease, he a('((uired fume as a successful teniint
farmer second to none in Knglish iiistory. \.o\-
cester sheep and Short-horns were liis favorite

160 A HISTORY OF SHORT-HORN CATTLE.

' rent-payers." The latter he bred along inde-
pendent lines for some twenty years, but in
1844 he took the oath of allegiance to the house
of Booth, beginning with two years' service
from the white Lord Lieutenant-White Straw-
berry bull Leonard (4210). Vanguard (10994),
by Buckingham out of Young Isabella, came
for six years and left a grand set of cows, pos-
sessing great scale, deep flesh and rare coats.
He was exchanged for one year for Crown
Prince, and left altogether some 200 calves.
Baron Warlaby (7813) — by Buckingham — Hope-
well, British Prince, Fitzclarence, Royal Bride-
groom, Prince of Warlaby, Leonidas, Monk,
Lord Blithe and Mountain Chief w^ere all hired
from Richard Booth, and from Barnes of Ire-
land came Dr. McHale and The Druid. From
his own Booth-bred stock were derived such
sires as Booth Royal, Breastplate, Killerby
Monk and Blinkhoolie.

Torr s herd became in its latter days one of
the most celebrated in England, and its disper-
sion was marked by most extraordinary prices.
As this did not occur, however, until 1875 we
will reserve further details for a subsequent
chapter.

The long roll of honor. — To undertake in-
dividual comment upon the work of all who
are specially deserving by reason of their suc-
cess in breeding, from the days of the Collings

OTHER EMINENT ENGLISH BREEDERS. 101

down to the great lise of the Bates and Booth
power, is indeed a hopeless task. The records
of Coates' Herd Book and of the English sale-
rings and show-yards abound in evidence of the
fact that hundreds of strong, sturdy characters
in various parts of the United Kingdom were en-
gaged in the upbuilding of the breed. We can-
not indeed begin to mention in this connection
even the names of all who have earned the
gratitude of posterity for their intelligent de-
votion to the work of Short-horn improvement.
We have only given place in this chapter to the
foregoing personal references by way of em-
phasizing the fact that the breed did not lack
intelligent champions outside of the recognized
leaders in the work. Those named were per-
haps not more worthy than many of their con-
temporaries, but to particularize further would
burden our work too heavily with foundation
facts.

We would feign dwell here upon what was
done by such men as the Jobsons, Charge of
Dai'lington, Lawson of Stapleton. Cattley of
Brandsby, Col. Cradock, B. Thornton, Messrs.
Crof ton, George Coates, the Wrights of Cleasby.
Sir C.R. Tempest, Champion of Blyth. Unthank
of Penrith, SinHh of West Bason'. A. L. and J-
C. Maynard, Maj. Bower, Hon. J. Sin^json, Col.
Trotter, W. 1^'. Paley, Rev. H. Berry, Lax of
Uavensworth, Maj. Budd. IJaiiK', B. Wilson of

162 A HISTORY OF SHORT-HORN CATTLE.

Brawith, Wilkinson of Leuton, Capt. Barclay of
Ury, Amos Cruickshank, Rennie of Phantassie,
Robertson of Ladykirk, Grant Duff of Eden, and
point out the distinguished service rendered to
the breed in its earlier years by such noblemen as
the Earl of Carlisle of Castle Howard, Yorkshire;
the Marquis of Exeter, Stamford; the Dukes
of Leeds and of Buccleuch, Earl Brownlow and
other great landed proprietors. We are tempted
here also to go into the operations of Earl Du-
cie of Tortworth, Bowly of Siddington, Bruere
of Braithwaite, Peel of Knowlmere, Col. Towne-
ley and others who carried the colors of the
reds, whites and roans to such great heights at
a little later period, but we have now reached
the point where we must begin our account of
the breed in the New World, m the course of
which we shall have occasion to revert not only
to some of these but to the herds of Scotland.

The visitor in Britain will find many memo-
rials of Wellington and Nelson. The heroes
of Waterloo and Trafalgar England has indeed
not forgotten. Her parks and public places
are decorated by captured cannon. Deep down
in their hearts, however, the English people
have an equal pride in what has been accom-
plished in their pastures and paddocks. The
paths of peace have indeed yielded to them
''victories no less renowned than those of war."
The wealth, the brains, the persistence of the

OTHER EMINENT ENGLISH BREEDEfiS. 163

British nation have joined with Nature in de-
veloping an agriculture that has proved fruit-
ful beyond compare in the production of im-
proved varieties of flesh-bearing animals. No
National memorial is needed to commemorate
the triumphs of men like those whose names
liave been enumei'ated in tliis and preceding
chapters. They have won their way into the
memories and affectionate regard of the Anglo-
Saxon world in a manner at once peaceful,
practical and patriotic. Every man, woman or
child who sets tooth in savoiy sirloin or rich
roast "rib of beef" pays involuntary tribute to
the genius of those who led the early line of
progress in cattle-breeding in the historic con-
fines of York and Durham.

CHAPTER VII.

FIRST IMPORTATIONS TO AMERICA.

From the green pastures of Old England to
the Western shores of the stormy North At-
lantic was indeed "a far cry" to those enter-
prising pioneers who first conceived the idea of
transplanting Short-horns from these ancestral
herds to the virgin soil of the United States.
Ocean cables and fast "liners " were not at their
command. Three thousand miles of watery
waste had to be traversed by vessels sailing at
the mercy of Jilolus, and the god of the winds
was not always in a propitious mood. How-
ever, this did not operate as a bar upon the
aspirations of those who, knowing the merit
of the newly-established Short-horn breed, de-
termined to introduce the blood in the seaboard
States. Unfortunately we have no verified rec-
ords as to earliest shipments.

Virginia in the Van. — The Republic is in-
debted to the Old Dominion for the primal im-
portation of Short-horn cattle. No sooner had
the war of the Revolution reached a trium-
phant termination under the masterly guidance
of the great Virginian than the work of pro-

(164)

FIRST IMPORTATIONS TO AMEKK A. IC-i

vidin^ the ways nud means for a more diversi-
fied system of agriculture was taken up Ijy the
farmers and planters of that section. Some-
thing more than tobacco was wanted. The
historic "valley" was really well adapted to
the requirements of live-stock husbandry. As
nearly as can be ascertained at this late day it
was in 1783 that the first improved cattle were
purchased in England for Virginia. A Mr. Mil-
ler of that State, in connection with Mr. (Jough
of Baltimore, must be given credit for the ini-
tial shipment. As to the number purchased no
record has been preserved. As to their charac-
ter we only know that they represented two
distinct types — one known locally as the milk
l>i-e<Ml aixl the otlin- ;is i\\o huf biccd.

Character of the Gough & Miller cattle. —
The "milk breed" was descrilu'cl as having short
liorns and heavy and compact carcasses, the
cows displaying marked dairy propensities. In
color they were red, red-and-white and roan —
[)roof positive that they were of Short-horn
origin. The stock of tlie "beef breed" were
loiigci'-horned and "rangier" in conformation.
They la<'k('(l the sniootli, even lines of the so-
called '*niilk IiiimmI " and were slower in com-
ing to maturiiy. They attaim^l large size and
made lu'jivy carcasses (»f beef when fully grown
and tinislied. It seems ei|u;dly certain, thero-
I'oie. that they represented one of \hc oKier

166 A HISTORY OF SHORT-HORN CATTLE.

types of the breed, probably the sort bred in
the Holderness district of Yorkshire. This im-
portation, it will be noted, antedates the Col-
ling improvement. About two years later, or
somewhere between 1790 and 1795, one or both
of these same pioneer importers made a further
shipment of cattle of similar types from Eng-
land. That good use was made of this blood
in the valley of the South branch of the Poto-
mac and adjacent territorj^ cannot be doubted.
Then, as now^ the "first families" of the Do-
minion were proud of their country estates,
possessing the real English fondness for rural
pursuits and the finer types of domestic ani-
mals.

Kentucky and the Patton stock. — The mak-
ing of the Ohio Valley States soon followed.
Over the w^all of the Alleghenies, lured by the
golden promise of the fair and fruitful lands
beyond the Blue Ridge, the Virginians entered
into the priceless heritage of the blue-grass
regions of Ohio and Kentucky. The former
grazing-grounds of the bison were dedicated to
lowing herds, showing in man}^ instances traces
of the magic touch of roan. In the first intro-
duction of the Gough & Miller blood into
Central Kentucky we find, therefore, the germ
of the gigantic American cattle trade of the
present day. The conjunction of Short-horn
blood with the rich grains and grasses of the

FIRST IMJ'OliTATlONS TO AMERICA. 107

Ohio Valley (tailed into being an industry that
has not yet received its full credit in connec-
tion with "the winning of the West." Lewis
F. Allen tells the story of how the Pattons laid
the foundation for nearly all that follows in
this volume relating to the extension of Short-
horn blood throughout the great agricultural
States in the following language:

"Two years after the first importation, in the year 1785, two sons
and a son-in-law (Mr. Gay) of Mr. Matthew Patton, then a resi-
dent of Virginia, took into Clark Co., Ky., one of its fine blue-
grass localities, a youncr bull and several heifers, half blooded (and
they could only have been calves or less than yearlings), of their
then-called 'English' cattle. These animals were said to have
been purchased of Mr. Gough. It is not necessary to further note
these animals, as they were but gradcx, only to show the spirit of
enterprise among some of the early cattle-breeders of the State
in obtaining better stock than Kentucky then afforded for their
improvement.

" In 17'J0 the elder Mr. Patton removed from Virginia to Clark
County, in Kentucky, and took with him a bull and cow directly
descended from the Gough & Miller imiwrtation of the ' milk '
breed, also some half-blooded cows of both the 'milk' and 'beef
breeds. The 'beef breed were 'long-haired, largo, coarse,
slowly coming to maturity and fattening badly until fully grown,
yet tolerable milkers.' The 'milk' breed (of which the bull
and cow first named were of pure descent) were short-homed,
coming early to maturity and fattening kindly. Their milking
(lualities were extraordinar}-. It was not at all uncommon for
cows of this breed to give thirty-two quarts of milk daily. The
Short-horn bull, red in color, with white face, rather heavy horns
yet smooth and round in form, was called Mars. Ho is reconUxl
by number K")!). American Hon! Bonk. The cow was called Venus,
white in color, with red ears, small short horns turning down. She
bred two bull calves to Mars and soon afterward diinl. Mars gitt
many calves on the native cows in Kentucky, which wore sviid by
tho old brooders to bo both oxcoUont milkers and go<Hl fattening
animals. Mars remained with Mr Patton until the death of the
latter, in 1S0;<, when the bull was .sold to a Mr. Poeplos. in Mont-
gomery Co., Ky., in whoso possession ho died in 1806. Of the two

168 A HISTORY OF SHORT-HORN CATTL:^:.

bulls descended from Mars and Venus one was taken to Jessamine
Co., Ky., the other to Ohio, probably the Scioto Valley; but as all
this breed or breeds, in tlieir various intermixtures after their
introduction in Kentucky, were called 'Patton stock,' they became
commingled, the shorter-horned and refined ones with the longer-
horned and coarser ones, and were, for many years afterward,
universally known by ohat name only.

"In the year 1803 Mr. Daniel Harrison, James Patton and
James Gay, of Clark Co., Ky., bought of Mr. Miller, the importer,
living in Virginia, a two-year-old bull, descended from a bull and
cow of his importation. This bull was called Pluto (825 A. H. B.)
and said to be of the ' milk ' breed. He is described as ' dark-roan
or red in color, large in size, with small head and neck, light,
short horns, small-boned and heavily fleshed.' He was bred
mostly to ' Patton' cows and produced some fine milkers. He was
taken to Ohio about the year 1813 and died soon afterward.

" In the year 1810 Capt. William Smith of Fayette Co., Ky., pur-
chased of the before-mentioned Mr. Miller of Virginia and brought
to Kentucky a bull called Buzzard 304 (3251). He was coarser,
larger, and taller than Pluto, but not so heavy. He was bred in
different herds many j^ears, and also used by the Society of Shak-
ers at Pleasant Hill, Mercer Co., Ky., in 1821 and for some years
afterward.

"In the year 1811 the bull Shaker (3193 A. H. B.) was bought
of Mr. Miller aforesaid, and used some years both by the Pleasant
Hill, Ky., and Union Village, O., Societies of Shakers. They
afterward sold him to Messrs. Welton and Hutchcraft of Ken-
tucky. He was of the ' milk,' or Short-horn breed. This account
we have from Messrs. Micajah Burnett of the Pleasant Hill and
Peter Boyd of the Union Village Societies, and although they each
differ in some non-essential items the identity of the bull is fully
recognized. These four bulls, viz., Mars, Pluto, Buzzard and
Shaker, appear to have been purely bred from the Gough & Mil-
ler importations previous to the yaar 1810. From these bulls, but
not on equally pure-bred cows of those impoi'tations, descended many
animals whose pedigrees have been recognized and recorded as
Short-horns in the earlier volumes of the English Herd Book, and
of consequence since in the American Herd Book, as the latter is
founded on the English publication as standard authority in all
matters of Short-horn genealogy.

"During the years above mentioned several otlier bulls from
the Gough & Miller Virginia stock were brought into Kentucky
and Ohio — ^some with names and some without names other than
those of their owners — as 'Inskip's Bull," ■ Peeples' Bull' (Mars,

FIRST IMPORTATIONS TO AMERICA. 109

probably.), ' Withcrsi)oon's Bull,' ' Bluff,' and othcr.s. .Some pedi-
ffrees in the herd lxjok.s run back into several of those bulls,
which, as many pure-bred crosses have since been made upon
their descendants and been recorded in the English Herd Book,
must be classed in the family of Short-horns.

"From the above accounts it is understood where and how the
' Patton stock ' orit^inated. There can be no doubt that some of
the oriRinal importations of Goufrh & Miller were weli-bred cat-
tle of the Short-horn or Tceswater breed (which were identical in
original blood), but without podif^ees; also that others of them
may have been of the Holderncss variety— coarser and less im-
proved—of the same race. From the various accounts which we
have gathered from different quarters in Ohio and Kentucky
some of thom were rouprh animals, tardy in arriving at maturity;
others fine both in fifrure and quality, and most of the cows de-
scended from them proved excellent milkers. Their colors were
more or less red, white and roan, which are true Short-horn
colors.

''These accounts are about as accurate and as much to the
point as the English traditions relating to the ancient Short-
horns or Tceswaters in their native land, and may be received as
a fair basis on which to found the genealDgy of all the pedigrees
which trace back into the 'Patton ' blood and are found recorded
in both the Entrli'^h and American Herd Books."'

An early New York importation. Tiudi-
tion is authority for the statement tliat about
the year 1791 a Mr. Heatoii, wlio liad eniiirrated
from Kiifjjlainl to New York in 1 77") and followed
for some years the occupation of a hutcher.
returned to England and hrought l>;ick witli
him sevcriil Shoi't-horn catth^ from the licrtl of
(ieorgo C'uUey of NorthumhiMland. W hat he-
came of tliese cattle neither tnulition nor writ-
l(Mi histoi'v of tli(^ day rtM'oi-d<. In 17'M) it is
furlher stated that .Mi'. Ilcattm rt'turiu^d to
England an<l hrought out a hull and cow whicli
he had ixuight from one of the brothel's Colling

170 A HISTORY OF SHORT-HORN CATTLE.

and took them to his farm in Westchester Co ,
N. Y., where he then resided. It is surmised
that the Short-horns which he had previously
imported had also been taken to that place, but
as to this there is no verified account. What
finally became of the Heaton cattle and their
descendants nothing definite is known, except
that some superior cattle were for many years
grown in Westchester Co.,N. Y., after the pres-
ent century came in, but no pedigrees of them
have been traced except in one or two instances
through " Brisbane's bull," which was purchased
of Mr. Heaton by the late Mr. James Brisbane
of Batavia, N. Y,, in the early years of this cen-
tury. The bull left much valuable stock in the
vicinity of Batavia and- was supposed to be a
pure-bred Short-horn. Of the Heaton stock
retained in the vicinity of New York nothing
further is known. It is altogether probable
that the people of that vicinity, knowing little
of any breed in those days, let the stock " run
out," and that the blood was finally lost in the
common herds of the country.*

The Cox importation. — While the Virginians
were settling upon the virgin fields of Ken-
tucky, and helping to occupy the rich coun-
try to the north of the broad stream of the
Ohio, enterprising men were seeking to intro-

, In this connection see also the story of the importation and return of
" The American Cow," pag'e 46.

FIRST IMPORTATIONS TO AMERICA. 171

diice advanced ideas in agriculture throughout
the territory once dominated by the Iroquois.
"Squaw-farming" had not caused the lands of
the Empire State to Ijlossom as the rose, and
the white pioneers had made little progress in
the line of live-stock improvement.

Immediately after the close of the war of
1812 with the mother country Mr. Cox, an Eng-
lishman, brought into Rensselaer County, near
Albany, N. Y., a Short-horn bull and two cows
that were placed upon the farm of Mr. Cadwal-
lader Colden. This was before Coates and Whit-
aker had brought the English Herd Book even
to its manuscript stage. No pedigrees came
with the cattle. From this trio a numerous
progeny resulted, known in Short-horn par-
lance as "Cox Importation Cattle." The de-
descendants of the Cox cows were subsequently
crossed by the bulls Comet (or Cornet) 2649
(158) and Nelson 11)14, imported in Juno. 1823,
l)y Messrs. Cox ic Wayne. Some of the cows
thus descended passed into the possession of a
Mr. Matthew Bullock of Albany County, and
their ])rogeny ar(|uired loral reputation under
the name of "Uullock stork." Tiic}' were de-
scribed as "largo, robust animals, good, al-
though not remarkal>ly Hue in (luality, but of
tiuo Short-horn type." Comet, or Cornet, was
a re(l-and-whit(^ (s])otted) bull. ])red l>y Sir H. C.
Ibbetson of Denton Park. (Hley. and was got

172 A HISTORY OF SHORT-HORN CATTLE.

by Meteor (432) — of the elder Booth's breeding
— a son of Albion (14) out of a cow by C. Col-
ling's Windsor (698). Nelson was a red-and-
white bull by Nelson (449), a roan bred by
Simpson of Babworth and got by Colling's
Ketton (346), he by the $5,000 Comet, going
back on the dam's side to Charles Colling's
herd.

The first pedigreed bulls. — According to
Allen the lirst pedigreed Short-horn bulls to
set hoof on American soil were Marquis (408)
and Moscow (9413), imported into the Genesee
Valley of New York, in 1817, by Samuel M.
Hopkins of Moscow. Mr. Warfield lists this
importation as "supposed." The very cream
of the Charles Colling blood is represented in
the breeding of Marquis (from Mr. Jonas Whit-
aker's), as he had for dam the far-famed Mag-
dalena, by Comet, and his sire was Wellington
(679), intensely bred in the blood of Favorite
(252) on the Old Cherry foundation. Moscow
(9413) was likewise deep in the richest Short-
horn blood of his time. He was a roan of Sir
Henry Vane Tempest's breeding, of the Prin-
cess blood, sired by Wynyard (703) out of El-
vira by Phenomenon (491); second dam Prin-
cess by Favorite (252). Along with this well-
bred pair of bulls Allen says there came a cow
called Princess that was said to be descended
from a Robert Colling ancestry. It is said that

FIRST IMPORTATIONS TO AMERICA. 173

descendtints of these cattle, crossed by bulls
from Col. Powers herd, presently to be men-
tioned, were purchased by the Holland Land
Co. for the benefit of the settlers upon that
corporation's lands near Batavia, in Western
New York, and were carefully bred for many
years.

The "Seventeens." — The first direct impor-
tation fi'om England into the territory west of
the Alleghenies was made l)y Col. Lewis San-
ders of Kentucky, "a gentleman of character
and position," who was at this time actively
engaged in manufacturing, merchandising and
farming. He resided latterly in Gallatin Coun-
ty not far from where the Kentucky River
flows into the Ohio, a short distance below Cin-
cinnati. The following statement as to the
cattle purchased on his order in 1817 is in Col.
Sanders' own language :

"I was induced to send the order for the cattle (in the fall of
1816) by sccins an account of Charles CoUing's preat sale m 1>^10.
At this sale enormous i)rices were paid- 1,(XX) puineas for the bull
Comet. This induced mo to think tlioro was a value unknown to
us in these cattle, and as I then had the control of mean deter-
mined to procure some of this breed. For some years previous I
was in the repular receipt of Enplish publications on apricultnral
improvements and improvements in the various descriptions of
stock. From the reported surveys of counties I was pretty well
posted as to the localities of the most esteemed breeds of cattle.
My mind was made up, fixinp on the Short-horns as most suitable
for us. I had frcciuent c<uiversations on this matter with my
friend and neiphbor (.\ipt. William Smith, then an eminent breetior
of cattle. lie was thonmphly impressed in favor of the old I^^np-
horn breed. To pratify liim and to j>lease some old South Hrat^ch
foedurs 1 ordered u pair of Lt.>np-horus, and was more willii^; to do

174 A HISTORY OF SHORT-HORN CATTLE;

so from the fact that this was the breed selected by the distin-
guished Mr. Bakeweil for his experimental, yet most successful
improvements. I forwarded to the house of Buchanan, Smith &
Co. of Liverpool $1,500 to make the purchase, expecting to get
three pair only, with instructions to procure a competent judge
and suitable agent to go into the cattle district and make the se-
lection, the animals not to be over two years old, and no restric-
tion as to price. At the time the Holderness breed was in highest
repute for milkers. I directed that the agent should be sent to
Yorkshire to procure a pair of that breed, then to the river Tees,
in Durham County, for a pair of Short-horn Durhams, then to the
County of Westmoreland for a pair of the Long-horns, etc.

"The agent sent from Liverpool, J. C. Etches, a celebrated
butcher of that place, went as directed and purchased six pair in-
stead of three. It being soon after the war all kinds of produce
had much cheapened and the stock sold lower than was expected.

"After the cattle were shipped from Liverpool on the vessel
Mohawk, bound to Baltimore, Md., where the cattle afterward
landed, I sold one-third interest in them to Capt. William Smith
and another third to Dr. Tegarden of Kentucky."

Of the twelve animals bought, eight (four
bulls and four heifers) were Short-horns and
four (two bulls and two heifers) were Long-
horns The importation was made five years
prior to the publication of Vol. I of the Eng-
lish Herd Book, at a time when comparatively
few of the old-country breeders gave that strict
attention to their private records that after-
ward became imperative. The only informa-
tion furnished in the invoice as to the Short-
horns is indicated below:

"'No. 1. Bull from Mr. Clement Winston, on the river Tees,
got by Mr. Constable's bull, brother to Comet,' afterward (155)
E H. B. The name of this bull was San Martin, afterward
(2599) in E. H. B.

" ' No. 3. Bull, Holderness breed, from Mr. Scott, out of a cow
which gave thirty- four quarts of milk per day.' The name of this
bull was Tecumseh, afterward (5409) E. H. B.

" ' No. 3. Bull from Mr. Reed, Westholme, of his own old

FIRST IMPORTATIONS TO AMERICA. 170

breed.' This bull is probably the one called Comet, afterward
i;S83 A. H. B. Said to have been got by either Comet (155) or his
brother North Star (4.'>8) E. H. B.

"'No. 4. Bull, Holdemess breed, from Mr. Humphreys, got
by Mr. Mason's bull of Islington.' No herd-book record appears
to have since been made of this bull, and wo know not what be-
came of him. Mr. Clay states that one of the bulls • was sold to
Capt. Fowler, who afterward sold him to Gen. Fletcher, and was
taken to Bath Co., Ky., where he died.'

" Of the females the invoice states that

" ' No. 7 was a heifer from Mr. Wilson, Staindrop, Durham
breed.'

" ' Nos. 8, 9, 10 were heifers from Mr. Shipman, on the river
Tees, of his own breed.'

" ' In the division of the Short-horns above named Col. Sanders
became owner of the bulls San Martin and Tecumseh.' Col. San-
ders states that Comet became the property of Dr. Te^arden.

" ' Of the Shipman heifers No. 7 became the property of Capt.
Smith and was called the " Durham Cow." '

" ' Of the three remaining two were retained by Col Sanders,
one of which was called "Mrs. Motte" and the other named the
"Teesvvater.Cow." '

"The fourth heifer died in Maryland, never having reached
Kentucky."

Tlie descendants of the three heifers Mi-s.
Motte, the Durham Cow and the Teeswater
Cow are to this day known as "The Sevon-
teens," so caUed from tlie date of the original
importation. Mrs. Motte* produced the four red

• In view of tho l.-irire number of descendants of Mrs. Motte throuirhout
tht> country the following e.\i-erpt from a lottor wrliton to tho .-mtluir by Mr.
William VVarflold und.T dato of F.-b 21. IKR). may b«> of Int.-n-st: Uiwn
tho ocoaHlon of Col. Sandor.s' last visit to my fathor In the flftlos I hoard him
Stat.' tho facts as to tho nam(ng of Mrs. Motto. At Tharloston. S C, durlor
til.' liovolutlonary War. Uv.sl Maj. Mott.' of tho Unlt.Hl SiatoB army and his
family. Mrs Motto N-lnir a vory croat iiatrlot was much concTniHl In the
(l.Hiructlonof acortaln f..rt which lntorfon-<l vorynuich with ihoriHlnctlon
ofthoclty. Sho loaruod thai (hodostrvictlon of a vory fine r ' ' ■.

was her owu proix-rty— and which w.is alroady In tho i
onomy— would r»>niovo tho difficulty of rtxiuclr.p this fori -
tho ti.<slo^ors with ft Qulvor of African arrows to b.« um«d for th.it pnrpono
Sk.wors ariiio<l with combi-stiblo materials wen- also used with tnowi
olToci. • In conunomoratlon of this twtrlotlc sacriaco lol. S,-uidors guvo iho
oanio of Mrs. Motte to his Importol cow.

176 A HISTORY OF SHORT-HORN CATTLE.

heifers Lady Munday. Miss Motte and Sylvia
to San Martin, and Lady Alice by Tecumseh,
besides five bulls. The Durham Cow was also
prolific, dropping eleven calves — five heifers
and six bulls — her last four being sired by her
own son Napoleon 1899, by San Martin. The
Teeswater Cow gave birth to four heifers and
two bulls. The leading Kentucky and Ohio
farmers of that period availed themselves
largely of this opportunity for improving their
herds, among those who purchased progeny
from the three Sanders cows being Gen. Gar-
rard, Dr. S. D. Martin, Maj. Gano, Dr. Warfield,
Judge Haggin, Walter Dun, T. P. Dudley and
the Ohio Shakers. Mrs. Motto's daughters
Lady Kate, Lady Munday and Sylvia inherited
the fecundity of their dam, producing in the
aggregate thirty calves, more than one-half of
them through Lady Munday and Sylvia, the
property of Gen. Garrard. The Durham Cow's
daughter Lady Durham left five heifers and
three bulls, two of the former going into the
hands of Benjamin Warfield. It thus appears
that the importation of 1817 became an im-
portant element in the breeding operations of
those enterprising men who laid the founda-
tion for the subsequent popularity of the breed
in the States bordering upon the Ohio River;
and the cattle derived from that source were

FIRST IMPORTATIONS TO AMERICA. \ (1

for a long series of years among the veiy best
Short-horns known in the United States.

Notwithstanding the marked excellence of
the so-called "Seventeens" there sprang up,
after the era of herd books and "fashion" in
blood lines asserted powerful influence upon
the breed, a prejudice against them which prac-
tical men were unfortunately unable to wholly
overcome. Parties who were breeding from cat-
tle draw^n from the later and fully-pedigreed
importations began casting aspersions upon
the "purity" of the blood of the Sanders stock
because the foundation dams had no extended
pedigrees. In regard to this much nonsense
has been written. For instance, the "cock-
an(l-])uir- story of the late Amljrose Stevens,
as published in Vol. II of the American Short-
horn Herd Book and repeated in Allen's •"His-
tory of the Short-horns'' (page IGfi), fitting
Mrs. Motte out with a long pedigree running
back to Lady May luird, alleged to have been sup-
plied by Thos. Bates. This had no basis what-
ever in fact. Tlie simple truth is that the cat-
tle bought by the butcher, ]\Ir. Etches, were
doubtless good ones indivi<lually, although not
bred by nuMi who had preserved records of tlieir
breeding or a('(|nir«Hl reputations. Tiie animals
clearly belonged to the same class of market
stock from whenc(^ Thomas Boofli drew the an-
cestral (lams of a number of those families

u

178 A HISTORY OF SHORT-HORN CATTLE.

that afterward acquired international fame at
Killerby and Warlaby, as detailed in preceding
chapters. In the hands of such men as Gar-
rard, Clay, Warfield, Bedford, the Renicks,
Trimble, Harrold and other breeders of sound
judgment a class of cattle sprang from this
foundation that would have compared favora-
bly with the best results attained by their
English contemporaries, the Messrs. Booth and
others, whose cattle — similarly descended —
became ''fashionable." In vain was this fact
pointed out by thoughtful and disinterested
men. Vain w^ere all the winnings of the de-
scendants of the importation of 1817 at the
great shows of the West. The fiat of fashion
went out against them in the later years, and
whole herds of valuable cattle carrying but a
mere drop of the original " Seventeen " blood
were practically lost to the breed because of
the unreasoning prejudice created against
them.*

The imported Long-horns were sold by Col.
Sanders to Capt. Smith and Dr. Tegarden, in
whose hands they did not prove popular. Some

*The late Judg-e T. C. Jones of Delaware, O., one of the closest students
of American Short-horn breeding-, once said: "We have a great many
Short-liorns of liigh, and even fashionable rank, the origin of vehose llneafje
is quite as obscure as that of the Short-horns of Col. Sanders— at a period
much less remote than the date of that importation. » » * A large class
of valuable cattle, with well-established characteristics, has been s.acri-
ficed. Following- the whims and fancies of speculators in pedigrees. In
some instances, thick-fleshed and quicli-feeding cattle of this and other im-
fashionable strains of blood have been discarded to make way for light-
fleshed and unthrifty animals of the fancy sorts."

FIRST IMPORTATIONS TO AMERICA. 179

experimental crosses between cattle carrying
Short-horn blood and the Long-horns were
made in Kentucky, Virginia and Ohio,'' but the
judgment of the best breeders of the day was
not favorable and the Long-horns presently dis-
appeared.

In 1818 Mr. James Prentice of Lexington,
Ky., imported the two bulls Prince Regent 877
and John Bull 508-^, both certified to be of pure
Short-horn blood but not supplied with pedi-
grees. John Bull was described as a deep red,
of fine size and good form, with small down-
curving horns. Prince Regent was "pied.''
white with some red spots. As indicating the
enterpiise of the Kentucky breeders of that
day in the work of improving their cattle it
may be stated that these bulls wore ])urcliasod
by Nathaniel Hart of Woodford County and

♦Gcorpo R<>nlck of Ohio was among: those who tried the cross and dis-
carded the Loufr-horn bloud. Wrltlntr upon this subJL-ct Mr. Brutus J. Clay ,
of Bourbon Co., Ky., said: "Wo recolli-ct In 1821, when Just ver».'luir Into '.
manhooil. takintr a horsi-back journey from Columbus to Clrclevllle. O., In «
tho vicinity of which latter town tlu> Kenlck brothers owned larve landed
estates. We saw a herd of a dozen or more lonjr-horned cattle ^razloK in a ^ v
field by tho side of the road. Their singular avuK-nrance, prazln/r on the
rlcli blue Rrass or lyluK' lunler the nhadi' of tho m.ijestlc trees, attracted our
attention. W(> rode up tn the feuci', hltelx^ o>ir horse and went Into the
Held to view them. They h;i(l every appearance of bein^r t-lther purt^-bred
or hlch jrrades of the Louir-horn bn-eil, with loiip. drooplnjr horns )>ushlujr
forwanl beyond their noses or falllniir below their Jaws, lljrht brlndle In
color, with white stripes »lon? tln-lr baeUs, as we now ««><• thi-lr iHirtr.alts
in the books. They wero lonp-bodhnl, a little 8wiiy«>d in the Ivick. not very
compact in shape, but withal Imi'oslnir animals til the rye, W
qulrles about tliemjit tin- time, .'isw knew little of brii-<lt< <if ,■ , •>

years afterwattl, beliip at'aln at Clrch'vlUe, and havliijr ,i l>i<tu ; _-o

Of breeds, on Inqiilry for cattle of that ch;iraoti>r we couUl find no traco nor
eveD a reoollootlou of them iuuouv tho older funuors of the vicinity."

180 A HISTORY OF SHORT-HORN CATTLE.

John Hart of Fayette County for $1,500, and
they are said to have left good stock. It thus
appears that the foundation of the Short-horn
breeding interest in Kentucky and Ohio was
laid mainly in the Gough & Miller (Patton) and
the Sanders bloods, which were more or less
intermingled for a long series of years.

Massachusetts importations. — In Novem-
ber, 1817, Samuel Williams of Massachusetts, a
merchant, at that time residing in London,
purchased of Mr. Wetherell and sent out to his
brother Stephen Williams of Northboro, Mass.,
the bull Young Denton (963). He was a roan,
sixteen months old at the time of importation,
and was used in Massachusetts for about ten
years, after which he was taken to the State of
Maine, where he died in 1830. He was consid-
ered a very choice specimen of the breed. In
1818 Mr. Cornelius Coolidge of Boston imported
the bull Coelebs 349 and the cow Flora, both
bred by Mason of Chilton and both sired by
sons of Comet (155). Mr. Williams sent out in
1822 the roan yearling heifer Arabella, by North
Star (460) out of Aurora by Comet (155)^ which
was also of Mr. Wetherell's breeding. Her de-
scendants, like nearly all other Short-horns
tracing to the earlier importations into New
York and New England, were distinguished for
their excellent dairy qualities. The Arabellas
were at one time a large and valuable family.

FIRST IMPORTATIONS TO AMERICA. ISl

During the same year several other cows were
imported into Massachusetts by Messrs. Lee.
Orr, Monson, and perhaps others, most of them
being purchased from the Wetherell herd.
Among these were Tuberose, by North Star
(460), and Harriet, by Denton (198), a son of
Comet, ^riie latter was described as a very
fine cow, nearly white in color. In 1823 and
1824 Admii-al Sir Isaac Coffin of the British
Navy, who was liorn in the State of Massachu-
setts, sent out to the Massachusetts Agricul-
tural Society the roan bull Admiral (If)OS) and
the red-and-white cow Annabella, by Major
(398), also from the Wetherell herd. A numer-
ous progeny claim descent from these animals.
In another shipment he sent the white cow
Blanchv), by a son of Comet : Snowdi-op. by
Fitz Favorite (1042), and the heifer Fmma, by
Wellington (()83).

Reference is made* in the American Herd
Book to a l)ull called Fortunatus, or Holder-
ness, as having been i)red by (ieorge Faulkner
and imported by Grorliam Parsons, Bnghton,
Mass., in 1818. We cannot identify him.

In 1828 Mr. Francis K'otcli of New York, who
was then in iMighmd, shii»ped to his brother-in-
law Benjamin Kodniaii. New Bedford, Mass..
the bull Devonshire ('.)(»(>) and the cows Ade-
liza, Dnlcib(dla and (ialatea, all fr.tm tlie lierd
of Mr. Win taker, all roans, all possessing good

182 A HISTORY OF SHORT-HORN CATTLE.

pedigrees, and all sired by the famous Freder-
ick (1060). The cows gave rise to families bear-
ing their respective names, which, like the Pan-
sies and Arabellas, acquired wide repute for
their excellence at the pail. Devonshire was
bought by Lewis F. Allen, founder of the
American Short-horn Herd Book, in 1834 and
died at eleven years of age. He was a bull of
good scale and fine points. Adeliza and Dulci-
bella were good cows, prolific breeders, excel-
lent milkers, and lived to be aged animals.* In
1831-32 the young white cow Roxanne, by
Frederick, and her white heifer Mary Whitaker
were added to Mr. Rodman's holdings by pur-
chase from Jonas Whitaker.

In 1830 Mr. Enoch Silsby of Boston imported
the cow Agatha, by Sir Charles (1440), and the
yearling bull Boston (1735), both roans from
the herd of Mr. Curry of Northumberland.
They proved excellent breeders, and Agatha's
descendants subsequently became widely and
favorably known.

Early New York importations. — Gen. Ste-
phen Van Rensselaer of Albany, N. Y., brought

* Speaking of the purchase of these Whitaker cattle Mr. Rotch said : "I
arrived at Otley just in time to attend an exhibition of stock, which was
then the great and leading show of the North for Short-horns. My sudden
arrival as an American created much interest and kindly feeling-, which
showed itself in the strong wish that I should not go away without obtain-
ing the animals I selected, though they were not Intended for sale." Mr.
Rotch w^as a fine type of that intelligent body of men seeking in the early
days the improvement of American live stock. He lived to a green old age
at his country home in Otsego Co., New York, and retained a great interest
in Short horns to the last.

FIRST IMPORTATIONS TO AMERICA. 183

out in 1823 from the herd of Mr. Champion the
bull Washington (15G6)* and the cows Conquest
and Pansy by Blaize (76). Conquest failed to
breed, but Pansy had several daughters by
Washington that gave rise to a very noted
family of dairy Short-horns, afterward popular
throughout New England and the West.

In 1821 Humphrey Hollis, an Englishman
who emigrated to New Yoik, brought out two
cows called Hart and Nudd, said to be sired by
CoUings' Wellington. Their descendants w^ere
at one time to be found in New York and Penn-
sylvania hei'ds. In 1S23 George M. Tibbetts of
Troy brought out a red bull called Young Comet
2419. In 1828 a Mr. Green of New York im-
ported the bull Banquo 1226 and sent him to
the State of Maine. About the same date Abi-
jah Hammond of Westchester County brought
out the cow Old Willey, unpedigreed, several of
w^iose descendants are recorded in the first vol-
ume of the American Herd Book.

In 1822 and succeeding years ^Iv. Charles
Henry Hall, a New York merchant who had
previously lived and done business in various
European countries, imported a numlx^r of
Short-horns selected from good English herds,
among them the cows Princess, by Lancaster
(360), that was bred in 1S16 by Rol>ert Colling:

•Lowts F. Allen Ifiula bta naiiio to the siatomoiit that Wasliiiifrton lived
to bo uluctoon yeura old, iloliiw Horvlco lu his clKhU'tMitli yt«ar.

184 A HISTORY OF SHORT-HORN CATTLE.

Canada, by Sir Peter (606); Primrose, by George;
and bulls Regent 899, Young Hector and Comet.
A few of Mr. Hall's cattle bred from these im-
portations were kept on a small farm near Har-
lem, but the major portion were taken to Green-
bush, near Albany, where they were kept and
bred for some years. It seems that Mr. Hall
was not careful to preserve accurately the
breeding records of his stock, and through this
inattention the correct lineage of many of his
cattle was lost. Largely through the influence
of these purchases several other New York
business men imported Short-horns and bred
them on Long Island and in Westchester
County, but the pedigrees of these were neg-
lected also.

Col. Powel's purchases. — Between the years
1822 and 1881 Col. John H. Powel of Powelton,
near Philadelphia, imported about twenty-four
head of cows and heifers and seven bulls, a
majority of which were of Mr. Whitaker's
breeding. Included among these were the
bulls Bertram (1716), Bolivar (804), Gloucester
(1074) and Memnon (1223)— all by Frederick
(1060); and the cows Belina by Barmpton (54),
Desdemona by Frederick (1060), Cleopatra (of
Richard Booth's breeding) by Pilot (496), Ruby
by Young Dimple (971) and Mandane by Rich-
mond (1380) — all of which founded good fam-
ilies of dual-purpose cattle. Belina was indeed

FIRST IMPORTATIONS TO AMERICA. 185

one of the great dairy cows of her time. Iiav-
ing a well -authenticated butter record of 20-J
lbs. ])er week. Cleopatra was the first Booth-
bred cow imported to America and was sold
by Col. Powel to David Sutton of Kentucky in
1833. She was called "a grand cow."*

The bull Bertram not only had the endorse-
ment of Thomas Batesf but was recognized by
American breeders as one of the best Short-
horn bulls that had been imported up to that
period. He was a compactly-fashioned, short-
legged red of Colling's Old Daisy sort, possess-
ing a fine touch, good hair and an impressive
individuality. Allen says: " The cows struck
us as being of excellent quality, with indica-
tions of giving large quantities of milk; were
good in form, long in body, straight on back,
broad in the hips, with fine heads and horns,
excellent coats of hair and well-shaped udders.''

Ancestress of the Loiians. — In 1821 a Mr.
Law of Baltimore, Md., imported the roan cow
Rosemary (of J. C. Curwen's breeding), by Flash
(261), and her white heifer Virginia, by General
(272), that afterward passed into the possession

•See Preface A. H. R., Vol XIV.

t"I think the bull Bertram whli-h you have boug-ht of Mr. Whltaker of
Grooiiliolim- Is tlv^ "r vt t\i'A I know of at present to lay the foumlatlon of a
good stock of Slurt-horns In anyountry. He Is desoendixl from one of
the beat-inllklnp ami qulckest-irraz'.ntr trU)«>8. and one which yielded meat
of the bi>8t qtiallty, and, as I found by oxiUTlnuMita, left the most for the
foo<l consumed. I ustnl the Daisy bull, brother of the irreat-prand'\m of
Bertram abovi- thirty yi'.u-H aiTii. • • • I consider Bertram a much stipo-
rlor b\in ti>('.)trel, which hull I saw Hold for I.Oim B-ulnea.s at public sale,
aud atlorward i'1.500 was ofifcrod for him. -T/ioiium Botft to Col. l\»c<l, ISiL

1S6 A HISTORY OP SHORT-HORN CATTLE.

of Col. Powel and became the ancestress of the
family so noted in Kentucky and other West-
ern States under the name of Louans. From
the Curwen herd Mr. Law also bought the bull
Bishop (73) and the cow Assurance.

During the same year there was imported
into Maryland the roan bull Champion (864),
the white heifer White Rose, by Warrior (673),
and the red-and-white heifer Shepherdess, by
Magnet (392) — all of Mr. Champion's breeding.
White Rose was in calf to Blaize (76) — sire of
imp. Pansy previously mentioned — ^and was
sold to Gov. Lloyd of Maryland. She produced
to this English service the bull Wye Comet
(1591). Shepherdess and Wye Comet were sold
to Col. Powel. Mr, Allen credits this importa-
tion to Col. John S. Skinner, and Mr. Warfield
to a Mr. Oliver.

Walter Dun's importations.— In 1833 Mr.
Walter Dun, a Scotchman living near Lexing-
ton, Ky., sent an order to a friend, one William
Douglas, residing in the South of Scotland, to
go into Yorkshire and buy several head of
Short-horns to be shipped out to America.
Ample funds were supplied, and the animals
were to be chosen with reference to quality
rather than to price or pedigree. Six head
were bought and shipped from Liverpool Sept.
5, 1833, arriving safely in Kentucky on Nov. 26
following. Tills shipment proved of much value

FIRST IMPORTATIONS TO AMERICA. 1 S7

in capable hands on both sides of the Ohio River,
some of the best cattle of succeeding years tra-
cing descent to it. The imported cows were
Caroline (red), by Dashwood; Red Rose (red-
and- white), by Erncsty; White Rose (white),
by Publicola; Multiflora (roan), by Walter;
Daisy (red-and-white), by Wild, and Premium
(roan), by Maximus, which were accompanied
by the two-year-old bull Symmetrj^ (58S2).
Some of the bulls appearing in certain of these
pedigrees were not at that time recorded in
England, on account of which effoiis to dis-
credit their descendants were su])sequently
made; and, as in the case of the ''Seventeens."
Pattons and Cox cattle, such efforts were at-
tended with more or less success.

In 1836, in connection w^ith Mr. Samuel
Smith, My. Dun sent another order to Mr.
Douglas, which was filled l)v the shipment of
the roan bull Comet (1854), the red-and-white
George (2051)), and the cows Mary Ann (roan),
by Middlesl)oro; Adelaide (roan), by Magnum
Bon urn (224?»), and Jewess. The liitt<M- proved
barren. Adcdaide was in calf to Brutus (1752),
and gave birth to the heifer Beauty of Wharf-
dale. Mary Ann had l)een served in England
by Norfolk, and gave birth to the man bull calf
Otley (4()32). 'I'o tliesecows the Aincrican .\de-
laid<» and Maiv Aim families trace. In 183S
Ml'. \h\\\ iinpDrtci] two bulls fnmi I*remium. I>y

188 A HISTORY OF SHORT-HORN CATTLE.

Maximus, and Young Charlotte, by Thorp, re-
corded as Otho 794 and Tarik 1022.

Meantime the Ohio Co. had begun its memo-
rable importations, and the desire for good
Short-horns among the better class of farmers
was universal. Messrs. Dun and Smith both
died shortly after these latter importations, and
at an auction sale held by their executors Sept.
11, 1838, the prices made revealed the fact that
the breeders of that period v^ere both prosper-
ous and enterprising. Imp. Adelaide brought
$1,375 from Messrs. Dillard & Ferguson, and
her daughter $755 from F. S. Head. The cow
Adeline brought $1,030, and her daughter $440.
Imp. Mary Ann and her Norfolk bull calf, then
but ten dsbjs old, fetched $2,100 from Messrs.
R. G. Jackson and B. P. Gra^'^, and Allen states
that Messrs. Wesson and Shropshire afterward
gave that amount for Otley alone. At this
same sale R. T. Dillard and C. R. Ferguson gave
$1,235 for the cow Ellen, C. C. Morgan $1,230
for the cow Cleopatra and W. S. Hume $1,000
for the bull calf Oliver Keen — all the property
of Mr. Smith's estate. The bull Comet had
meantime become the individual property of
Mr. John G. Dun, and for him the great price
of $3,000 was offered by Mr. Gray, one of the
buyers of imp. Mary Ann, He was bred by Mr.
Crofton from a Mason foundation. Otley was
supposed to have been bred by Mr. Fawkes.

CHAPTER VIII.

DEVELOPMENT OF OHIO VALLEY HERDS.

In a general way it may be said that during
the first period following the early introduc-
tion of Sliort-horn ])l()od into Anierica the type
developed greatest favor among the holders of
the rich lands of Central Kentucky and South-
ern Central Ohio. In New England and New
York it had been chietly in the hands of gen-
tlemen of wealth and leisure, and the farm-
ers of that section, who kept cattle mainly for
the dairy and the yoke, were rather inclined to
regard the breed as a mere "fancy" type, not
specially adapted to their comparatively thin
soils and rigorous climate. Still the merit of
Short-horn cows as dairy cattle was recoguizetl.
and the blood was freely used by those who saw.
particularly in the Wetherell and Whitaker
stock, a valual)le "general-purpose" type.

In Ohio and Kentucky the Short-horns foinid
a most congenial houic, and ([uickly acquired
favor among practical men in close toucli with
the Haltimoi'c and riiiladrlpliia market»s — men
who hail found in the(inugli\- Miller an«l San-
ders cattle a class of stock that made wouder-

190 A HISTORY OF SHORT-HORN CATTLE.

ful responses to good keep. Their's was a veri-
table land of plenty — a country teeming with
corn and blue grass. York and Durham were
fairly distanced in comparison, so far as unlim-
ited feed supplies were concerned. Hundreds
of prime Short-horn bullocks were matured and
driven across the mountains to the seaboard
markets. It was in the course of this trade
that the Ohio Valley drovers and graziers, liv-
ing remote from the great centers of popula-
tion, learned of the establishment of the Powel
herd, and in spite of the distance and obstacles
to be overcome they invested in fresh blood
from that source and introduced it upon their
"Pattons" and "Seventeens." When we con-
sider the length of the journey from Cincin-
nati to Philadelphia before the days of rail-
roads one can but admire the pluck and enter-
prise displayed by the sturdy pioneers engaged
in this trans-Allegheny cattle traffic. Those
who had been fortunate enough in the first
rush of the tide of emigration to secure large
holdings in Kentucky and Ohio found that
Short-horn blood enabled them to reap a rich
harvest from their grain and pasture lands.
Never has there been a more complete demon-
stration of the value of good blood in farming
operations than was afforded by the history of
the introduction of the Short-horn into the
Ohio Valley States. To them the hoof of the

DEVELOPMENT OF OHIO VALLKY HERDS. UH

"red, white and roan" was indeed golden, and
to this day no other type of cattle has found
equal favor among those enjoying the fruits of
the Short-horn's peaceful invasion of the an-
cestral acres.

Feeding for seaboard markets. — Virginians
from tlie valley of tiie Soutli liranch of the
Potomac were the most influential of the pio-
neers who settled in Southern Central Ohio and
Kentucky early in the nineteenth century.
They had been accustomed to breedin«,' cattle
for grazing and feeding purposes and originated
the system of fattening steers in large num-
bers by feeding '"shock" corn in the open fields
during the winter months. Among the earliest
of these emigrants were the brothers George
and Felix Renick, fiom Hardy Co., \'a., who
found their way over the mountains on horse-
back, with the aid of a compass,* and selected
large tracts of land in the valley of the Scioto
River, near the present site of Chillicothe. O.
Other members of the Honick family followecl
them, but (Jeorge and Felix by their enterprise
in cattle-growing gained the right to recogni-
tion as the most distinguished of those who
laid the foundation for Short-horn breeding in
the State of their adoption.

George Henick lirst conceivetl the idea of

*Hon. T. C. Joiii'H' iul(ln<HH N'fi)n> \\\v Iow;» Shorthorn Brecdor*' A?«".>
ctllUuii III IS84.

192 A HISTORY OF SHORT-HORN CATTLE.

driving fat cattle from the Scioto to Baltimore,
and although his Virginia friends scouted the
plan as impracticable, he nevertheless put it to
the test, and in 1805 successfully drove sixty-
eight head through in good condition and dis-
posed of them at a round profit. The problem
of a market was solved, and the industry de-
veloped with amazing rapidity. In 1817 Felix
Renick drove 100 head of prime fat Short-horn
steers through to Philadelphia, receiving for
them in that market $134 per head! In 1818
George Renick sent a drove through to New
York — the first Western cattle ever seen there
^that sold for $69 per head.* These cattle
were descended from the Gough & Miller stock,
the roan bull Pluto 825 being one of the sources
from whence that blood was derived. Felix
Renick became the leading feeder of "top"
cattle in his State, and aside from the Messrs.
Goff of Kentucky was probably the most ex-
tensive breeder and feeder of well-bred bul-
locks in the United States in his day. George
Renick also fed largely for nearly fifty years.

Other successful Ohio breeders and feeders of
the early days were Gov. Allen Trimble, John
I. Van Meter, James Vanse, John Grouse, Wil-
liam, Jonathan and Thomas Renick, Messrs.
Huston, M. L. Sullivant and R. R. Seymour.
The latter fed from 100 to 700 head annually,

•Related by the late William Renick of Circieville, O.

ijkvki/)I'mp:xt of oiiio vai.lkv hkkds. 193

and in 1841 drovo S40 lir-iul llirough to i'liihi-
delphia.* The Shakers of Warren County also
gave their attention to tlie improvement of
their cattle by the use of the Piitton and "Sev-
enteen" blood. Cattle-feeding was thoroughly
estal)lish(Hl as a profitable industry by the time
the Walter Dun importations were made, and
the rivalry tliat developed between tiie breed-
ers and feeders on either side of the Ohio River
was like unto that which existed in Britain
''twixt North o' Tweed and South o' Tweed."
The owners of the Dun cattle were loud in
their claims as to the superiority of their stock
over the other Sliort-horns of that period. The
bull Coniet was their trump card and was hav-
ing quite his own way at the cattle shows.f
KcMitncky was for the time lieing "on top."
MtMi of similai- blood and with ecpial pride in
their herds dwelt across the river, however, and
they did not propose to permit their friends,
relatives and competitors in Fayette, Houriion.
Clark and adjacent (Kentucky) counties to jiold
tlu' whip IkukI. Th(\v had tli«' land, tlu^ feed,
I lie brains and t lie capital to defend their own

• Mr. Seymour romovo<l fmm VInrlnia to Ohio In IfOO. Ho says that when
ho left V'lrirlnla .ill thi> prliielp.il onttlomon in lhoS<>" ' i:r.„. i, v> .- .1
Hti)ck of tliK Kn»:llBh ULmkI. olthi>r of tho Uotiirh \ N
thi< Lonir-honm, and In hodio liiHt.-tncon thoy hsui a ni. \

.'iH wiiN niHo tho (■»»<> to Hon><< <<xt<>nt in Konturliy ami l)li;.>. T!...h ^^voi.i.:*
for tho f;iot that .•»Ih>uI fifty yi>ari« .ik-o II w.ia not nncommun to h«\»r p«x>plo
Bp«<ak (if •• Lonir-hom DwrhainH. " Thia mlxturt>, howovor. prorcd rrry f CO*
i<riilly iin|H>|)iil»r.

t WlUiiini Warflolil. In Hrrnifr $ OitrfVt. \\\e 1**'
13

194 A HISTORY OF SHORT-HORN CATTLE.

position ill the cattle trade, and they were men
of action. They had indeed already taken steps
to protect and promote their own interests by
the formation of the memorable

Ohio Importing Company. — Felix Renick, a
man deserving high rank in American Short-
horn history as one of the most intelligent of all
those who helped to place the "infant industry "
squarely upon its feet, was the prime mover in
a proposition looking to the formation of ^a
joint stock company to be made up of the lead-
ing contemporary cattle-growers of the Scioto
Valley and contiguous Ohio territory for the
purchase of English .cattle. Nov. 2, 1833, ex-
Governors Allen Trimble and Duncan McAr-
tlmr, with the Messrs. Renick and others,
formed a company ''for the purpose of promot-
ing the interests of agriculture and of intro-
ducing an improved breed of cattle," and they,
together with the subscribers mentioned below,
contributed the amount of money necessary
"to import from England some of the best im-
proved cattle of that country."

There were in all about fifty shareholders,
but two of whom resided out of the State.
These were Isaac Cunningham of Kentucky
and W. H. Cunningham of Virginia. The fol-
lowing is a list of the other subscribers from
the several counties represented in this asso-
ciation: Ross — Ex-Go V. Duncan McArthur, Fe-

DEVKr.OPMENT OF OHIO VAI.LEY HEKDS. 105

lix Keiiictk, George Renick, James Vanse, R. R.
Seymour, E. J. Ilaniess, Arthur Watts, S. Mc-
Neil, John McNeil, Wesley Claypool John T.
Webb, Robert Stewart, Archibahl Stewart, Jas.
G. White, John Pancake, John Foster, John
Crouse, Presley Mori-is, John L. Taylor, H. J.
Davis and Charles Davis. The subscribers in
IMckaway County were: William Renick, S. S,
Denney, Thomas Huston, Elias Florence, Josiah
Renick, Harness Renick, Tliomas Renick, Wil-
liam Renick Jr., Jonathan Renick, Elias Pratt,
John lioggs Sr., J. M. Alkire, Francis CampljcU,
Evan Stevenson, Ashel Renick anJ George Rad-
cliff. From Fi-anklin County wore: M. L. Sul-
livant, Lyne Sterling and E. W. Gwynne. Fay-
ette— Batteal Harrison, A. Hagler and M. Pat-
terson. Highland — Ex-Gov. Allen Trimlde and
H. 1*. Gallaway. Pike — John I. \'anmeter.

The stockholders appointed Felix Renick as
their agent to proceed to England and select
the cattle. That his experience was such as to
((ualify him admirably for the work must ap-
pear tVom wliat has already ]>een stated con-
cerning his coininanding position in reference
to l)unock-br(M'diMg. Edwin J. Harness and
.losiali ivrnick were designated to art as assist-
ants. 'i'lu\v were not limited to the pu?-(diase
of Sliorl-hoi-ns. tho idea bjMiiL: to entrust tlie
ti'io with p](Miai-y jiowcrs. .\bMnb««rs of the
company were willing to exptMiim'ul with other

196 A HISTORY OF SHORT-HORN CATTLE.

breeds if thought advisable, and in a letter writ-
ten by Henry Clay to Gov. Trimble, dated Wash-
ington, D. C, Dec. 13, 1833, the great Kentuckian
advised the purchase of typical specimens of the
"Durham," Hereford and Devon breeds. He
thought the Devons might do well, as being
specially adapted for contending with the hard-
ships of the long journey from the West to the
Eastern markets. That Mr. Renick was not
averse to studying this proposition is shown by
the fact that wdiile at Baltimore en route to Eng-
land he and his colleagues visited a herd of
Devons belonging to Mr. Patterson of that city
and they w^ere well pleased with the "rubies."
Proceeding to Philadelphia they called upon
Col. Powel, examined his Short-horn herd, and
received many useful hints from him in refer-
ence to the purchasing and shipping of stock
across the Atlantic. It is of interest in this
connection as showing the changes in popular
taste in respect to color that Felix Renick spoke
of the Powel cattle as "white, red-and- white
pied and the fashionable roan." They had set
out from Ohio upon their long journey on Jan.
29, 1834, and it is needless to say that they ar-
rived in England free from prejudice not only
as between the different breeds but also as be-
tween the rival breeders of Short-horns, con-
cerning whom they had doubtless heard some-
thing from Col. Powel before embarking for the
other side.

DEVELOPMENT OF OHIO VALLEY IfKIMJS. 1 '>7

Felix Renick and confreres in England. —
Tho Ohio Co.'s agents lauded at Liverpool March
24, 18o4, and imniodiatel y addressed themselves
to the l)usiness in hand. As the visit was an
historic one, by reason of its far-reaching effects
upon American Short-horn breeding, some de-
tails will be of interest.

After examining a few herds about Liverpool
they journeyed towai-d ^'orkshire, stopping at
Leeds to see the heid of Mr. W. F. Paley.
Finding his stock of excellent breeding and
ifuality they secured options on a few animals.
They next attended the Ripley show, after
which they proceeded to Stud ley to see Rich-
ard Booth's herd. With the Studley cattle Mr.
Renick was well pleased, but as they were then
announced to be sold at a later date at auction
none could be priced. The heids of J. Wood-
house, A. L. Mnynard, J. Clark and the elder
Rooth (at Killeiby) were next seen. Arriving
at Darlington the Americans fell in with Thos.
Rates. They were at once invited to Kirklev-
ington. Mr. Hates insisting that they make his
house their headquarters whih^ in that vicin-
ity.'*= Mr. luMiick writing of this said: •"Mi-.

•Tills Inciaont It* thus rclatwl by ('.ulwnll.idor »»i«>». 'Oil E.<i8U>r Mon-
day. 1834, Hat«'8 wiiH !i« usual :\l Darllnjriou iiiarKot Somo Anicrloatm ntny-
liiK' at till- Kliitr's Hoiul i-ani<< up anil N|H>k<' to liliu. • • • In tl.-
tlio ooiivcrHatlon Hat«>« hooii fi>\mtl that thi-y |><<.hm<<s(io<I .1 irrtsnt '.
upon thi«sul>J»vt of Shorthorns. • • • lie iravo thfui full «li i....^ ^-i ,,..,
fXiiorliMuv. ti'lllnir Ihi-ni. anionir olhor thtnjrs. th.it nilv.><ltr«<'» »lro. Wwtor-
loo t'.'Sli;), thi«n In hlH Hl.\;ti>«>nth yrar. and Norfolk i2w7) wrro Uio only two
Inills l>,Mlili>8 llflv.Hlir- ,1 ir!) thit\v.n> In hi.- opinion tho lo.ist likoly to
Kutyood stock."— rk<;m<M liaUi and tM Kirkltvini/tim 5Jkort-*«m«, ' poftW.

198 A HISTORY OF SHORT-HORN CATTLE.

Bates is a wealthy bachelor, owns a fine farm
of 1,000 acres, all under best cultivation. He
keeps a dairj^ of forty or fifty cows, generally
of the best Short-horn blood, from which he
raises some very fine stock, and had then on
hand some young bulls and heifers better than
any we have seen elsewhere." Bates was evi-
dently flattered by the compliments bestowed
by these intelligent foreign visitors — the more
so, doubtless, as they had already been at Stud-
ley and Killerby — and to the surprise of his
friends he oilered to sell them six^ of his best
females. The Americans were not yet ready
to buy, however, and. continued their investi-
gations. Bates furnished them with horses
and rode with his guests for several days among
the herds of the Valley of the Tees; "but,"
says Felix Renick, "from our own observa-
tions, as well as the judgment of Mr. Bates,
their stock [that of the neighboring breeders]
is generally ' going back.'" He expressed dis-
appointment at the character of many of the
herds visited. They then turned Southward,
"Mr. Bates going with us." Evidently the
sage of Kirklevington was determined that his
guests should not "go wrong" in their buying
— from his standpoint — if he could prevent it.
Hi company with Bates they called on Jonas
Whitaker, who had dispersed his herd the pre-
vious autumn.

DEVELOPMENT OF OHIO VALLEY HERDS. lO'J

At this point in their inquiries it was ar-
ranged for Messrs. Harness and Josiah Renick
to go to London and thence into Hereford and
Devonshire as per Henry Clay's suggestion. H*
pleased with those breeds Felix Kenick was to
join them and decide as to what should be done.
The impression made upon these gentlemen was
evidently not favorable as against the Short-
horns as no purchases were made. Meantime
Felix Renick w ent with Mr. Whitaker and Mr.
Paley to Lord Althorpe's, and with Bates to
Lord Feversham's. Mr. Fawkes, Col. Cradock
and Mr. Raine were also visited. It thus ap-
pears that a very thorough examination of the
English herds of that date was made, and in a
letter to his friend, S. S. Denney of Ohio. Felix
Renick gave his impressions of the cattle as
follows:

" From the appearance of many of the old bulls and cows we
have seen, which are now from twelve to twenty years of a^e, it is
very evident to mc that their stocks here have been rather on the
decline for some years back owinp to several causes, the principal
of which I believe to bo the unbounded prejudices generallj* pre-
vailing among the breeders, each one thinking his own the best
and consequently breedinp in-and-in too much, to the prcat injury
of their stock, although some of them are now partially convinced
of their eri-or and in some measure changing their practice.

" We have done the best wo could and procured some that are
at least as good as the country affords, for which we have paid all
sorts of prices, from 80 guineas up to 175 guineas, such is the
disparity of prices. Tho value depends almost entirely upon the
purity of blood and high pedigree. Ha breeder here goes to pur-
chase an animal for his own use to breed fmm he will not have It
at all if he cannot trace it back some r>0 or \00 years and have it
descended from the famous bull Comet, that sold for 1,000 guineas,

200 A HISTORY OF SHORT-HORN CATTLE.

or some other equally as good ; and on the side of the dam it must
also have descended from Old Daisy, for whom some hundred
guineas were refused, or some other equal in their estimation.
Thus you see the situation we are placed in. We must either take
cattle without pedigree or much of anything else to recommend
them or take those that have at least pedigrees, with more excel-
lence of form and size, at a high price. The latter was in our
judgment the better of the two alternatives and the one we have
so far pursued, and shall continue to pursue, and take fewer in
number."

Having looked the ground over to his satis-
faction Mr. Renick selected and bought nine-
teen head of cattle — seven bulls and twelve
females. Norfolk he had been unable to secure
from Mr. Fawkes at an alleged offer of 400 guin-
eas. Mr. Bates had priced his "pet beauty,"
Duchess 33d, at 150 guineas, Duchess 34th at 100
guineas, and the Matchem Cow at 15 guineas,
but neither of those noted animals was bought.
It is alleged that the influence of Mr. Whitaker
was strenuously exerted against the purchase
of these two Duchesses, but as the former (bred
to Norfolk) became the ancestress of the costly
New York Mills cattle and the other produced
the Duke of Northumberland it was probably
well for Bates interests that the Americans did
not take them. Mr. Renick was particularly
pleased with the young stock by Belvedere and
took four of his get — two bulls and two heifers.
The cattle were shipped during the summer of
1834 to Philadelphia, w^hence they w^ere driven
over the mountains through to Chillicothe and
placed upon Mr. Renick's farm. The judgment

DEVELOPMENT OF OHIO VAJ.LKV HERDS. 201

of the stockholders and contemporary breeders
was that Mr. Kenick had discharged his difficult
task in an eminently satisfactory manner. The
bulls were put out in service among the share-
holders and the company instructed Mr. Kenick
to arrange for further shipments.

Two of the heifers included in this importa-
tion of 1834 gave rise to families of Short-horns
which are at the present day among the most
numerous to be found in the leading Short-horn
breeding States. These were the roan heifers
Rose of Sharon, bred by Mr. Bates and sired by
Belvedere, and Young Mary, bred by J. Clark
and sired by Jupiter. Young Mary was taken to
Kentucky and is said to have produced no less
than fourteen heifer calves, besides one or two
bulls — possibly the most extraordinary case on
record. She lived to be twenty-one years old.
The red cow Blossom, by Fitz Favorite, and the
heifer Matilda, l^y Imperial, also left numerous
descendants. Among the bulls of this first im-
portation were the. three-year-old roan Re-
former (25(15), of Rjiine brooding; the yearling
Duke of York (l'.)41), of Wiiitaker's lu-eeding.
and Rantipole (2478), bred bv Mr. Paley, main-
ly of Bootli descent.

Whitaker's selections of 1835 and 1836.—
Mr. luMiick d(>omO(l it safe to risk t ln^ judgiuont
of Mr. Whitakor for sucli ad<litioiial stock as
might 1)0 wanted, imd wioto liim as follows:

202 A HISTORY OF SHORT-HORN CATTLE.

"I am authorized by the company to make another small impor
tation in the spring, which I beg the favor of doing through you.
The calf of your old cow Minna by Norfolk I shall expect, pro-
vided he still continues to do well and proves, when the time
arrives for starting him, to be first rate in form, size, handling,
etc. This will be left entirely to your own judgment and deci-
sion. But we wish, if possible, to have something a little supe-
rior to anything that has yet been imported. If you do not con-
sider him so at that time we do not wish him sent. We also wish
you to procure us two young cows with calves by Norfolk or other
good bull. * * * The prices we were asked for year-old bull
calves by Lord Althorpe and Mr. Bates were fifty guineas. From
others we could have purchased them, perhaps equally good, from
that price down to thirty guineas. We want none without fair
pedigrees, but form and size they must have or they will not be
well received here. You will, of course, not forget the handling
and quality."

The importation of 1835 was a small one and
included several animals sent out on individ-
ual account. It was upon this occasion that
Mr. Bates shipped to America the Skipton
Bridge Bull (5208) and the heifer Hon. Miss
Barrington as a present to the Bishop of Ohio
at Kenyon College. In 1836 a large shipment
was forwarded, including many splendid spec-
imens of the breed. These lots came via New
York, being shipped from Albany to Buffalo by
the Erie Canal, by lake from Buffalo to Cleve-
land, and thence driven "overland" to Chilli-
cothe. Great care and judgment were evidently
used in making these selections. Whitaker
had the assistance of Mr. Paley and Mr. Fawkes
and wrote to Mr. Henick shortly before the cat-
tle were forwarded as follows:

" Mr. Fawkes and I returned last night from our tour of inspec-
tion among all the principal breeders from Ripon to the Bishop of

DEVELOPMENT OF OHIO VALLEY HERDS. 208

Durham's ; thence to Mr. Bates', Mr. Maynard's, Mr. Wiley's, Mr.
Harrison's in the East Riding, Castle Howard, and, in conclusion,
the Earl of Spencer's at Wiseton. We were at it early and late
for seven days. Booth had nothing to sell. Col. Cradock will
sell or let Magnum Bonum in the autumn, and intends writing to
Gen. Garrard, who, he says, offered him 4()0 guineas for him, and,
the Colonel refusing to sell, he asked if another hundred would
induce him. John Colling said the General offered him 300 guineas
for two heifers. Mr. Colling has now fixed to sell his entii-e herd
in the autumn of 1837, John Maynard his in the autumn of this
year. * * * i attempted to buy something of Mr. Bates, but he
soared so high I could not grapple with him. For a bull calf five
months old, by Belvedere, dam by Belvedere, grandam Duchess
34th, he had the modesty to ask 400 guineas. I could have bought
two young bulls, but they were not good enough to send. Mr
Paley has bought three females, but I have not seen any of them
but Sherwood's. I have finished my purchases within one beast
but have not time to give you particulars — in fact, cannot, not
having received authenticated pedigrees of several animals. I
shall have exceeded your limits, but could not avoid it.''

The shipments of 1835 and 1836 embraced
forty-two tinim'cils, l)riiigiiig the total number
of cattle imported by the Ohio Co. up to sixty-
one head, a complete record of which may be
found in the valuable list of imported cows
compiled by IMr. William AVarfield and pui»-
lished by the American Short-horn Breeders'
Association. Space will not permit us to enu-
merate all in this connection. It should be
stated, however, that amon«r the selections
made by ^li. Whitaker were the afterward-
celebi-ated cows Josephine, by Norfolk (2377);
Young Phyllis, by Fairfax (1023): Illustrious,
by Emperor (1971). and Harriet, by Young
Waterloo (2S17). WIkmi :\Ir. Felix Kenick was
at Mr. Whitaker's in 1S:M ho fell cpiite in love

204 A HISTORY OF SHORT-HORN CATTLE.

with the cow Minna, by Frederick, mentioned
in his letter already quoted. It seems that this
cow was also a special favorite with Mrs. Whit-
aker, and she promised Mr. Renick that the
next heifer calf produced by Minna should be
reserved for him. The cow was bred to Nor-
folk^ and the progeny — the red-aud-white Jo-
sephine, dropped in November, 1835 — was sent
out as a calf to Mr. Renick according to prom-
ise. She developed into a cow of outstanding
excellence, and her descendants for many years
constituted one of the best families of Short-
horns known in the Western States. Young
Phyllis was a roan, dropped Sept. 11, 1831, bred
by the Earl of Carlisle and imported for Mr.
E. J. Harness. This cow had a very distin-
guished career as a breeder in Kentucky, and
her descendants are now to be found in many
first-class herds. One of her daughters, Cath-
erine Turley, by Goldfinder (2066), lived to be
eighteen years old. Illustrious was also a roan,
dropped March, 1835, and bred by Mr, Crofton.
A high price was paid for her. Mr. Whitaker
wrote : "I consider her dear, but being a beau-
tiful calf and from one of the best herds in the
country I was obliged to give more than I
thought she was worth. As you wished some-
thing superlative I could not leave her." De-
scendants of Illustrious attained high rank as
show and breeding stock in various Western

DEVELOPMENT OF OHIO VALLEY HERDS. 205

herds. Harriet was a red-roan oi Mardi, 1835.
She was imported for Mr. James Keiiick of
Kentucky, a son-in-hiw of Mr. Felix Kenick.
and her blood, as well as that of Josephine
and Illustrious, was afterward used by the late
Abram Renick in crossing upon his Rose of
Sharon family.

Among the sixteen bulls imported in 1835
and 1836 one of the most noted was Comet
Halley (1855), a light roan bred by John May-
nard, sired ]jy Matcliem (2281), dam Ijv Freder-
ick (1000), ti-acing to Robert Colling's (JolchMi
Pippin. After Reformer became inetlicient
this bull seems to have been more generally
used upon the best cows of the company than
any oihov except the Duke of York. He had
no dilliculty in defeating in the show-yard the
bull Comet of the Dun importation which we
have previously mentioned. Goldfinder (2tK)()).
a roan of 1S:)5, had a veiy successful career as
a breeder, fully coiitirnung the hopes ^Ir. Whit-
aker expressed regarding him at the time he
was selected as a calf. I'lincc Charh^s (2401).
another roan, calved in 1834, bred by Mr. Whit-
aker and siiM^l ])y Norfolk, was imported spe-
cially for ]\lr. (!(M). luMiick and ranked among
the very best of all th»^ i)ulls brought out in
the course of the o^xM-ations of the Ohio Co.
and its individual members. The r<ian l>ull
Nimrod (2:i71). hv Norfolk, matured into a

206 A HISTORY OF SHORT-HORN CATTLE.

grand animal, but he developed what appeared
to be a tumor before the company's sale, and
but for that would have doubtless brought a
very long price, as Abrani Renick favored pur-
chasing him instead of Matchem (2283), but
his associates did not agree with him in this.
Nimrod was bought by Col. Florence and used
on grades. A few pure-bred cows were sent to
him, however, by Harness Renick and others,
the produce being cattle of extraordinary merit.
Sale of Oct. 29, 1836.— The object of the
company — the transfer from England of a val-
uable stock of breeding cattle to Ohio soil —
having now been accomplished, it was decided
to close up the financial affairs of the "syn-
dicate" by means of auction sales, at which
stockholders and outsiders alike would have
the privilege of bidding. The first of these —
which was the earliest important event of the
kind in America — was held upon Felix Renick's
Indian Creek Farm, in Ross County, in the au-
tumn of 1836. The cattle were in fine condi-
tion, the attendance was large and high prices
were realized, as will appear from the subjoined
report:

cows AND HEIFERS.

Teeswater, roan, calved Oct. 22, 1832; bred by Bates, of
Princess blood, and heifer calf Cometess, by Comet Hal-
ley— John I. Vanmeter, Pike Co., O .$2,225

Young Mary, roan four-year-old, by Jupiter, and roan heifer
calf Pocahontas, by Comet Halley— Edwin J. Harness,
Ross County 1,500

DEVELOPMENT OF OHIO VALLEY HERDS. 207

Flora, roan four-y oar-old, by son of Yountr Albion (730), and
bull calf Powhatan 828>^, by Comet Ilalley— George
Renick, Ross County 1,206

Moss Rose, roan two-year-old heifer, by Stapleton (2fi98) —

Jonathan Renick, Pickaway County 1.200

Malina, rcd-aiid-wliite two-year-old, bred by Whitaker—

Isaac Cunningham, Kentucky 1,006

Blossom, red six-year-old, by Fitz Favorite (1042) — R. R.

Seymour, Ross County 1,000

Matilda, red-and-white, five years old, by Imperial (2151)—

Arthur Watts, Ross County 1,000

Gaudy, red-and-white, five years old, bred by A. L. Maynard

James M. Trimble, Hifrhland County 985

Lily (if the Valley of the Tecs, roan, five years old, bred by

Raine — Thomas Huston, Pickaway County 950

Celestina, roan, two years old, bred by Whitaker— Thomas

Huston, Pickaway County 930

Beauty of the West, red two-year-old heifer from imp.
Blossom, by Fitz Favorite— Asahel Renick, Pickaway
County 900

Lady Abemethy, roan yearling? (imjxirtcd), bred by Mr.

Wylic— Thomas Huston, Pickaway County 815

Illustrious, roan yearling, by Emperor (9174) — Abram Renick,

Kentucky 775

Lady of the Lake, red, little white, yearling heifer, by Re-
former (2u()5) out of imp. Rose of Sharon— R. R. Sey-
mour, Ross County 775

Poppy, rcd-aud-wliito heifer calf, by Rantipole (2478) out of
Blossom by Fitz Favorite — Harness Renick, Pickaway
County 610

Pink, redand-white heifer calf, by imp. Duke of York
(1941), dam imp. Duchess of Liverpool— William Trimble,
Hifrhlaud County r»75

Duchess of Liveriwol, imiwrtcd In 1834, but unpcdi^eed—

William M. Anderson, Ross County 670

Lady Palev, rcd-and-whito hi'ifer calf, by Ranti]>oIo (2478).

dam imp. Flora— Alexander Renick, Ross County 510

Lilac, rod. little white, yearlinp, by Rantiinilo (2478), dam

Duchess of I..iveri>ool— Elias Floronco, Pickaway County 425

May Flower, red-and-wl\ito heifer calf, by Duko of York

(1941). dam imp. Matilda— B. narri.<*on. Favi'tto County 405

Lucy, roan c^ilf, iKxlipreo in doubt- Goorfrc RadcUflT, Pick-
away County 406

208 A HISTORY OF SHORT-HORN CATTLE.

Calypso, red-and-white, five years old, imported in 1834, sired

by Bertram (1716)— S. McNeil, Ross County 325

Lady Blanche, sold as doubtful breeder— Charles Davis,

Ross County 250

Lady Colling, doubtful breeder— J. T. Webb, Ross County. . . 205

BTjLLS.

Duke of Norfolk (1939), red-and-white yearling, imported,

sired by Norfolk (2377) — Robert Stewart, Ross County. . 1,255

Young Waterloo (2817), roan, three years old, bred by Bates,
of Princess blood— R. D. Lilley, Highland County, for
Gov. Trimble and others 1,250

Matchem (2283) , roan, five years old, bred by J. Woodhouse,
sired by Imperial (2151)— Renick, Cunningham and War-
field of Kentucky 1,200

Greenholme Experiment (2075) , roan, two years old, bred by

Whitaker— James M. Trimble, Highland County 1,150

Duke of York (1941), red-and-white three-year-old, bred by
Whitaker, got by Frederick (1060)— R. R. Seymour, Ross
County 1,120

Goldfinder (2066) , roan yearling, bred by J. Lawson, sired by
Charles (1815) — Renick, Cunningham and Warfield of
Kentucky 1,095

Nimrod (2371) , roan yearling, bred by Mr. Tempest, sired by

Norfolk — Ellas Florence, Pickaway County 1,040

Whitaker (2836), roan two-year-old, bred by Whitaker, sired
by Norfolk, dam Minna, hence own brother to imp. Jo-
sephine— William M. Anderson, Ross County 855

Rantipole (2478) , red-and-white four-year-old, bred by W. F.

Paley— Arthur Watts, Ross County 810

Logan (2218) , roan yearling, by Duke of York (1941) , dam

imp. Young Mary — J. Renick 7.50

Earl of Darlington (1944), roan three-year-old, bred by Bates

and sired by Belvedere— B. Harrison, Fayette County. . 710

John Bull (2161), red, little white, bull calf, by Earl of Dar-
lington, dam Gaudy — William Renick Jr., Ohio 615

Duke of Leeds (1938), roan yearling, by Norfolk — John

Crouse, Ross County 575

Windham (2845), red-and-white yearling, bred by Earl Spen-
cer— Charles Davis, Ross County 500

Davy Crockett (3571), roan yearling, recorded as from imp.

Young Mary — Peter Ayres, Ohio 490

Snow Drop (2654) , white yearling, by Reformer (2505) , dam

Lily of the Valley of the Tees— Stewart & McNeil , Ohio. 480

DEVELOPMENT OF OHIO VALLEY HERDS. 209

Independence C2152), roan yearlirif.^, by P^arl of Darlintrton,

dam imp. Matilda — Hagler & Peterson, Koss County. . . . 400
Commodore Perry (1859), red yearling, by Reformer, dam

imp. Teeswater — W. H. Creijjrhton, Madison County 400

Goliah (2008), red yearling by Earl of Darlington, dam imp.

Calypso — Isaac V. Cunningham, Scioto County 300

24 females sold for $19,545 ; an average of $814.37

19 bulls .sold for 14,905 ; an average of 789.20

43 animals sold for 34,540 ; an average of 803.25

The bulls Reformer and Columbu.s were sold
at this sale as '' unsound, '' and as they tiierc-
fore commanded a low price they are not in-
cluded above. The company made a present to
Felix Renick upon this occasion of the roan
six-months-old bull calf Par.igon of the West
(4649), sired by imp. Duke of York (1941 ) out
of imp. Rose of Sharon. This Avas a graceful
act upon the part of the stockholders, as the
calf was regarded as perhaps tlie most valu-
able young bull in the possession of the com-
pany at this date. Like his sire, the Duke of
York, he proved a very superior stock-getter,
and in the fall of 1S87 won first prize as a year-
ling at the Ohio State Fair at Columbus. Rose
of Sharon's daughttM-, Lady of the Lake, pur-
chased by i\Ir. Soymour, jiroved a great breeder.
She never grew into a large cow, but was ex-
ceedingly niMit, with a xovy hand.^ome head
and prominent eyes. She was of a deep-rt^d
color, wUh a little white on each flank ami star
in forehead. She was sold to (ieorge Kenick.
for whom she bred five lieifers. to-wit.: ls;J8 —

14

210 A HISTORY OF SHORT-HORN CATTLE.

Rose of Sharon 2d^ by Comet Halley (1855);
1839 — Virginia, red-and-white, by Powhatan
8284; 1840 — Thames, red, by Shakespeare
(12062); 1842— Flora, roan, by Shakespeare,
and in 1844 Lady of the Lake 2d, red-roan, by
Young Shakespeare 1311. All of these heifers
left a valuable progeny, some of which, in the
hands of Abram Renick of Kentucky, gained
international fame. After the conclusion of
this sale the imported bull Duke of Norfolk
was resold to Gov. Vance and J. H. James of
Champaign County for $1,400.

Final sale in 1837.— On Oct 24, 1837, the
company's affairs were finally closed up by a
sale of such stock as still remained in its hands,
which consisted at that date of the animals
sold as per following list:

BULLS.

Comet Halley (1855), light roan, bred by John Maynard;
calvod December, 1832; sired by Matchem (2281), dam by
Frederick (1060)— George Renick and others $2,500

Acmon (1606) ,* roan, calved 1833 ; bred by W. Raine ; by Anti-
Radical (1642) , dam Sally by Young Rockingham (2547)
— M. L. Sullivant & Co., Columbus, O 2,500

Hazlewood (2098), red-roan, calved April 9, 1836; bred by W.
F. Paley; got by Norfolk (2377)— Gov. Trimble and R. R.
Seymour 700

Povsrhatan 828)^, red-and-white, calved Oct. 6, 1836 ; got by

imp. Comet Halley out of imp. Flora — Harness Renick. . 500

Bouncer (3196), roan, calved March 18, 1836; bred by Col.
Cradock; got by Magnum Bonum (2243) — John Walk,
Pickaway County 450

•Acmon was a great show bull and also proved a superior stock-eretter.

DEVELOPMENT OF OHIO VALLEY HERDS, 211

Santa Anna, loan, calved July 4, 1S37; got by imp. Comet
Halley out of Lily of the Valley of the Tees— J. C.
Vance, Ohio Co. , Va 425

COW3 AND HEIFERS.

Elizabeth (imported), roan, calved in 18.32; bred by T. Har-
rison; got by Menojion (22!)3) ; and calf — Gk)v. J. Vance
and William Vance, Champaign County $1,450

Flora (imported;, roan, seven years, by son of Young Al-
bion (730)— M. L. SuUivant, Columbus 1,300

Matilda (imported), red-and-white, calved April 12, 1831 ; by

Imperial (2151 j— Allen Trimble, Highland County 1,220

Arabella* (imported;, red-and-white, calved March, 18.34;
bred by II. Pilkington; got by Victory (.'joCo; ; and calf —
Dr. Arthur Watts, Chillicothe 1.200

Blush (imp(jrtcd), white, calved Jan. 10, 1835; bred by Mr.
Bowen; got by Monarch (2326) — John H. James, Cham-
paign County 1 .015

Emily (imported), " flecked," calved Feb. 25, 1875; by Maxi-

mus (2284) ; Asahel Renick, Pickaway County 875

Victress, roan, calved Jan. 8, 1S3G; pot (in England) by Nor-
folk (2.377), dam imp. Meteor of the West— M. L. SuUi-
vant, Columbus 700

Charlotte (im|)orted), roan, calved March, 1833; bred by R.
Pilkington; got by Alderman (1622)— J. G. White, Ross
County 630

Fidello (imix)rted», roan, calved 18.30; by Adrian (7720 1:
bought of Whitaker, and the dam of bull Greenholme

Experiment in the sale of 1836— Allen Trimble 610

6 bulls sold for t 7.075; an average of $1,179.15

'.» fc^-males sold for ".»,()00; an avera^'0 of 1,000.0)

15 animals sold for 16,075 ; an average of 1,071.65

This w^as a period of great expansion. Values
of all sorts were inflated by paper-currency is-
sues, and cattle sliared in tlio ijeneral "Itooin."
Hence the great prices niadeattliis sale. Allen
speaks in his "History of the Short-horns*' (j>age

•Ar.ib<>ll.i w.iH ft (rr.nnil I'ow n\u\ pmvtHl n (rri-.**! brocdor, produclnir for
Dr. WaliH iiiciiiy Iliu> .inliii:ilH— .-kinoiiir ntlicrH lln> twin bIjow oowk n«»«alo
lU'Ui' ami M.'iry Ony. Her boh M:irH)inl (41WiO> w.ih \\hi^ by O««oivo Rcnick
and Blruil many flnu oattlo.

212 A HISTORY OF SHORT-HORN CATTLE.

183) of the stockholders reaping "a large profit
on their investment," but this was not true save
in the case of a few of the minor members of
the association, who were not buyers of cattle.*

Nearly ail the capital stock subscribed was
repaid in cattle at liigh prices. Had the ani-
mals been resold soon the shareholders would
have made a good profit, but most of them were
in the business as a steady pursuit and kept the
cattle until overtaken by the great depression
that soon afterward set in. George Renicli in-
vested more liberally than any other one stock-
holder and had the largest herd, but his sales of
surplus stock were made at moderate prices,
and in 1846 he was obliged on account of ad-
vancing age to give up the management of his
landed estates and his entire herd was offered
at auction. "Hard times" prevailed, however,
at that period and but one-half the cattle were
sold, and those at ruinous figures. The other
Renicks, Gov. Trimble, Messrs. Seymour, Sulli-
van t, Vanmeter, Watts, et al., had also to be con-
tent with moderate returns until the revival
which set in about 1850.

The prime object, however — the providing of
material for the improvement of the Ohio and

* Among- these -was a well-knowTi capitalist, Lyne Starling of Coliimbus,
who, when the agent of the company called after the last sale and paid him
more than double the amount of his investment, was amazed, and told Mr.
Renick that he had intended the amount as a contribution for the improve-
ment of the cattle of the country and had never expected a dollar in re-
turn.—Hem. T. O. Jones, in Breeder's Gazette, Sept. 7, 1882.

DEVELOPMENT OF OHIO VALLEY HERDS. 210

Kentucky herds — had been attained, and in
that fact the enterprising men who made these
memorable importations found ample compen-
sation. Speaking of the first importation, in a
letter written July 20, 1884, Felix Renick said:

"We have already had a number of applications to purchase
some of them and have been offered $500 for the youngest, a calf
less than five months old. But we, as a company, have higher
views than that of immediately realizing a little profit, provided
it could be done. The object was first conceived and has so far
been carried out for the good of the country, whether it has been
well or illy executed is not for us to say."

It is indeed difHcult to overestimate the value
of the Ohio Co.'s work. It gave to the West
not only the Rose of Sharons, Young Marys.
Young Phyllises and Josephines, Ijut supplied
crosses of fresh Idood that proved powerful in-
fluences for good upon the herds derived from
earlier imi)ortations. The entire industry in
Ohio and Kentucky felt the (piickeuing toucli,
and in later years the full fruition of the fond-
est hopes of the company were more than real-
izcfl.

Thomas Bates to Felix Renick. The (^liio
Co. had meditated a coutimiation of its impiu'-
tations, but the Huancial drift of tlie times was
not favorably. In I)(M-oiiib<M'. 1S37. Felix Ren-
ick h:ul written to Mi'. \\a\o^ in n^ference to
fiirllirr pui-('has('-<, iii(|uiiinu: particularly about
the Duke of Xorthuniberland (lOUb. While
nothing came of tiu»s(» negotiations, the ap-
pended r(^i)Iy of Mi-. Hates is given in full as

214 A HISTORY OF SHORT-HORN CATTLE,

possessing some historic interest. The itali-
cized sentence is especially characteristic and
shows that in spite of all his claims for the
Duchess blood Bates was fully aware of the
fact that it was the Princess bull Belvedere
that really made his herd. We quote:

"KiRKLEviNGTON, ApHl, 183S. — I think it on the whole better
not to send you any of my own cattle this season, the exchange
being so much against you. Next year, as you say you intend to
continue importing, I might furnish you with ten young heifers or
yoimg cows having had a calf or two, and five or six young bulls,
either of the age you got the two last from me or a year-older.

"The Duke of Northumberland (1940) and Short-tail (2621) are
the only bulls I am now using, and their stock is even more prom-
ising than that of their sire Belvedere (170G). The four you got
of me were all by Belvedere, and all my stock are by him and his
sons. Afterthe trials I have now had and seen of Short-horns for
nearly sixty years nothing could induce me to use any bull that
had not Belvedere's blood. Tou will find it all money thrown away to
buy any bull that has 7int sprung from him.

"Twenty-eight days after the birth of the Duke of Northum-
berland (1940) , Brokenleg (Duchess 34th) , whom you will remem-
ber, was again put to her sire Belvedere and brought 2d Duke of
Northumberland. She has since brought me a heifer to her sire,
and is now I exjiect in calf to Short-tail.

"By putting Duke of York (1941) to the heifers you got of me
you will bring their produce into disrepute. I will on no consid-
eration whatever (if you Avould give me ten times the price I
would otherwise have charged you for a heifer) sell you any heif-
ers to put to any bulls but what I have bred, or are of my blood.
Nor will I sell you at any price till you and the company you act
with, under your joint hands, have solemnly promised not to do
so. My object has never been to make money by breeding, but to
improve the breed cf Short-horns ; and if I know it I will not sell
any to anyone who has not the same object in view. On this prin-
ciple I began breeding, and I am convinced I have a better breed
of Short-horns in my possession at present than there has been
for the last fifty years, even in the best days of the Messrs. Col-
ling.

"The bull you ask me about sending you, Duke of Northum-
berland, is everthing I can wish in a bull, and Short-tail has taken

DEVELOPMENT OF OHIO VALLEY HERDS. 215

after 2d Hubback, of whom his dam (Duchess 32d) had two crosses.
Short-tail's sister (Duchess 41st j, the best animal in my posses-
sion, I expect is in calf to the Duke of Northumberland. The six
from which your two were taken were good, but the breed of the
years 1835-6 were far superior to those six, though very good.
Brokenleg (Duchess 34th) I offered you at 100 guineas If you
were to send twenty times that sum for her and her produce I
would not take it now. You will remember I told you after buy-
ing the two heifers that if either of them died on the passage or
did not breed when you got them home I would give you the two
nearest in blood to them. Now (Red Rose 13th) a sister in blood
to your Rose of Sharon (calved since you were here) has produced
a heifer (2d' Cambridge Rose) to her sire Belvedere ; and for the
two I would not take 1,000 guineas. These would have been yours
now had yours not bred. I will not sell either cow or calf, but I
have no objection to sell the bulls I breed fx'om them, or from my
Duchess tribe, which are far better animals than the Red Rose
tribe. I will not part with the females of these tribes at present."

Mr. Clay's importations to Kentucky. — In

1836 and 1837 Mr. H. Clay Jr., Fayette Co., Ky.,
imported eleven head of Short-horns, including
the bulls Lord Althorpe 658 and Neptnae 743,
and cows Britannia (roan), Victoria (white), by
Osgodley, and Crocus (red-aud-white), by Impe-
rial (2151). The pedigrees of some of these
cattle were imperfect or missing entirely. In
1838, in connection with Gen. James Shelby,
Mr. Clay made a further importation, consisting
of twelve head, including the bulls Co^.-ack, alias
Julius Caesar (3503), Don John 426. and cows
Jane, Dorcas, Charity, Nerissa, Moss Rose by
Eclipse, Columbine, Pet, Vixen, Princess and
Protectress. The bull Cossack, or Julius Ci^sar,
above mentioned, was a roan, bred by Mr. Top-
ham, sired by Cossack (1880), bred by Richard

216 A HISTORY OF SHORT-HORN CATTLE.

Booth of Studley, clam imp. Moss Rose by
Eclipse. He was imported as a calf, was after-
ward sold to Benjamin Wartield, and left much
good stock. At a sale held by Mr. Clay at Lex-
ington in the fall of 1839 eight cows and heifers
averaged $420 each, the highest price paid be-
ing $835 for a two-year-old.

Dr. Martin's importation of 1839. — Dr. Sam-
uel D. Martin of Clark Co., Ky., who had been
breednig Short-horns for some years, in 1839
sent an order to Mr. Paley for a shipment of
cattle. Mr. Paley had assisted in the selections
made for the Ohio Co. and filled this order by
sending out nine head, including the cows
Jessy (roan of A. L. Maynard's breeding), by
Plenipo (4724); Beauty (red-roan), by Laurel
(2188); Leonida (red), by Red Simon (2499);
Rosalie (red-and-white), by Cadet (1770), dam
Leonida, just mentioned; Sprightly (red-and-
white), by Fitz Roslyn (2026), and Jessamine
(roan), by Leonidas (4211) out of imp. Jessy,
mentioned above. The cow Sprightly gave
birth in December, 1839, to a pair of twin bulls,
afterward recorded as Specie (5289) and Specu-
lation (5293), both bred by Mr. Paley, and sired
by Mendoza (4456). Imp. Beauty produced to
an English service the red bull calf Bullion
(3240).

R. Hutchcraft's importation. — Reuben H.
Hutchcraft of Bourbon Co., Ky., imported seven

DEVELOPMENT OF OHIO VALLEY HERDS. 217

head from Engkind in 1839, including the bulls
Van Buren 1002, bred by Col. Cradock and
sired by Magnum Bonuni (2243) and the year-
ling Don John (8603). The females included
the roan yearling heifer Wild Rose, by Chorister
(337S), bred by Mr. Watkin; the red cow Har-
riet, by Gainford (2044), and the Magnum Bonum
heifers Fatima, Beda and Blossom — all of Col.
Cradock's breeding.

Fayette County Importing Co. — The first
"syndicate" formed in Kentucky for the pur-
chase of English Short-horns was that repre-
sented by the Fayette County Importing Co.,
which, in the spring of 1839, sent the Rev. R.
T. Dillard and Mr. Nelson Dudley abroad as
agents. They bought twenty-one head of cows
and heifers and seven bulls. After arrival in
Kentucky the cattle were placed upon the farm
of David Sutton, near Lexington, and in July,
1840, were sold at auction. This was consid-
ered a very su})erior lot and included such Hue
bulls as Eclipse (90G9) and Carcase (328.3), uf
S. Wiley's breeding. Among the females that
afterward gave rise to good families of Short-
hoi-ns were Victoria, liy l^lonipo; Fashion (dam
of heifer calf Zelia. by Norfolk); Lady Eliza-
beth, by Emperor; Rosabella 2d. by \ flocipede.
etc. Indeed, some of the liest cattle bred in
subsequent years in Kentucky and the W«^st
claimed descent from this selection, and on

218 A HISTORY OF SHORT-HORN CATTLE.

this account we append herewith report of the
sale:

cows AND HEIFERS.

Victoria, roan, calved August, 1835; bred by J. E. Maynard,

sired by Plenipo (4724j— R. Fisher $1,750

Miss Majmard, roan, calved 1837, bought of A. L. Maynard,

sired by Chorister (33T8)— A. McCluie 1,005

Avarilda, white, calved April, 1846; bred by W. F. Paley,

sired by Norfolk (2377)— John Allen 920

Fashion, roan, calved April, 1832 ; bred by W. Cooper, sired
by Young Don Juan (3610) , and red-and-white heifer calf
Zelia, by Norfolk (2377 ) — F. W. Williams 885

Miss Luck, roan, calved May 25, 1834; bought of Mr. Whit-

aker, sired by Allison's Roan Bull (2999)— H. Clay Jr . . . . 800

Nancy, white, calved Jan. 1, 1837 ; sired by Reformer (2510)

— C. J. Rogers 730

Tulip, roan, calved 1836, bred by Mr. Crofton, sired by Bach-
elor (1666)— A. McClure 700

Beauty, roan, calved March, 1834 ; bought of A. L. Maynard,

sired by Belvedere (1706)— H. Clay Jr 700

Lady Elizabeth,* roan, calved Feb. 4, 1838 ; bred by Mr. Crof-
ton, sired by Emperor (1974)— H. Clay Jr 660

Splendor, roan, calved March, 1834; bred by Mr. Cattley,

sired hy Bedford Jr. (1701 ) — B. Gratz 650

Elizabeth, roan, calved October, 1832 ; bred by J. E. May-
nard, sired by Plenipo (4724) — A. McClure 505

Rosabella 2d, roan, calved January, 1839; bought of Mr.
Whitaker ; sired by Velocipede (5552) , running to Col-
ling's Golden Pippin — W. A. Warner 465

Flora, calf of imp. Beauty — H. Clay 410

Lily, white, calved 1834 ; bred by L. Severs, sired by Count

(3506) — T. Cahnes 390

Britannia, roan, calved February, 1838; bred by Mr. Crof-
ton, sired by Emperor (1974), and heifer calf Dido — II. T.
Duncan 375

Isabella, white, calved Oct. 14, 1839 ; bred by T. Crofton,

sired by Melmoth (2291)— R. Fisher, Boyle County 355

*Lady Elizabeth was an exceedingly well-bred cow and proved the
ancestress of one of the best families of Short-horns ever bred in the West-
ern States. The branch known as the Nelly Blys, in the hands of Mr. J. H.
Spears of Illinois and others, acquired national reputation for their uniform
high excellence.

DEVELOPMENT OF OHIO VALLEY HERDS. 'ZTJ

Jessica, roan, calved Feb. 22, 1839; bought of Mr. IVlaynard,
sired by Velocipede 15552) out of imp. Beauty by Belve-
dere—Joel Higgins .3.30

Maria, heifer calf from imp. Elizabeth— J. B. Ford 310

Miss Hopper, roan, calved 1835; bred by T. Crofton, sired by

Duke (1935;— W. T. Calmes 270

BULLS.

Eclipse (9069) , calved April 26, 1837: bred by Mr. Arrow-
smith ; sired by Velocipede (5552)— K. Fisher $1,050

Carcase (3285), red-and-white, calved July, 1837; bred by S.
Wiley; sired by Belshazzar (1704) — Benjamin Gratz,
Lexington 725

Nelson 741, white, calved Dec. 4, 1839; bred by Mr. Whita-

ker; sired by Sir Thomas Fairfax (5196)— P. Todhunter 610

^olus 200, roan, calved April, 1836; bred by Mr. Rowland-
son, sired by Harlsey (2091 )—R. Fisher 610

Prince Albert 2065, roan, calved May 25, 1840; bred by J. ILi.
Mayuard; sired by Carcase (3285) out of imp. Victoria
by Plenipo— J. Flournoy r(50

Bruce 289, bull calf from imp. Avarilda— M. Williams 315

Milton 713, calf o^ imp. Miss Maynard— James Gaines 285

19 females sold for $12,210; an average of gWi.GO

7 bulls sold for 3,945 ; an average of 503.55

26 animals sold for 16,155 ; an average of C: l.£c

From the al)ove it appears that Fa.^-ette
County buyers took eiglit liead, Bourbon, Scott
and Mercer Counties five each and Jessamine
County four. In view of the fact that this sale
was made dui-ini^ a period of declinin," values
the prices obtained were e.xcelh^nt and dei:i-
onstrated the pluck of the Kentucky breeders
of that day.

Importations into Tennessee. Tlio great
interest maiiit'estcd in Short-horn breeding in
Kentucky extended at an early date into the
neigliboriiig State of Teniu\s.see, and a few cat-
tie were imported into that State prior to 1S40.

220 A HISTORY OF SHORT-HORN CATTLE.

Unfortunately no exact data exist in reference
to these selections. It is known that in 1887
Messrs. Gordon & Bradford of Nashville im-
ported the cow Hibernia, recorded in Vol.
XXIV of the American Herd Book. She was
white with red markings, said to have been
bred in Ireland, and was sold soon after im-
portation to the Shakers of South Union, K}^
About the same date Mr. Harvey Hill of New
Orleans imported and sent to his farm in Ten-
nessee the roan heifers Gentle, by Cupid (7941),
Lady Littleton (white), bv Ranunculus (2479),
and, Mild Spring, that were sold to Mark R.
Cockrill of Nashville. Messrs. Shelby & Wil-
liams of Nashville imported the heifers Agnes
and Buttercup (the former calved in 1835 and
the latter in 1836) and the bulls Champion and
Cassius. These latter were without pedigrees
so far as the records show.

Mr. B. Letton imported in 1840 into Ten-
nessee the 5'oung cows Beauty, Spot and Cow-
slip. Beauty calved the white Aqua, and Spot
the red-and-white Neptune at sea. An un-
named roan and a red-and-white heifer were
included in this same shipment. All were
without herd-book record. Some five 5 ears
previous a Mr. Murdock had imported the red-
and-white Bella, by Silkworm (5129), and cow
Rebecca — bred b}" Sir John Kennedy — together
with the bulls Murdock and Silkworm — both

DEVELOPMENT OF OHIO VALLEY HERDS. 221

roans. Bella was pedigreed and passed into
the possession of M. R. Cockrill.

William Neflf's importation. — In June, 1838,
William Neit*, a pul)lic-spirited and wealthy
l)usiness man residing in Cincinnati, imported
into Ohio the roan cows Blossom, hy Belshaz-
zar (1704); Catherine, by Eastthorpe (1947);
Strawberry (of Booth blood), by Ambo (1636);
and bulls Prince William 1390, Cincinnatus and
Clifford — the former roan and the latter white.
To this list, as given by Mr. Warfield, Judge
Jones adds the roan heifer Lady Anne, by Mag-
num Bonum (2243), and states that she was a
great dairy cow^, giving thirty-two quarts of
milk per day for two months in succession.
The Judge also states that Mr. Neff imported
the roan bull Berryman (3143), but ]\Ir. War-
held is authority for the statement that Lady
Anne and Berryman were imported by Mr. Jo-
siah Lawrence of Cincinnati, and in addition
states that Lawrence also impoi*ted in 1S3S the
heifers Juno, Fortuna, Adelaide, Empress and
Verbena.

Wait and other importations. -In 1839 Sam-
uel Wait imported. \ ia oSew Orleans. Duchess,
by Studley Royal (5342); Rosebud, bred liy John
Booth of killerby, sired by Harlsey (2091); Lily
of the Tees, by Belvedere 2d (3126); Pretender
(4756), bred by Lord Feversham; Vel(»cipe<le
11098, Cleveland (3405) and Liverpool. Mr.

222 A HISTORY OF SHORT-HORN CATTLE.

Warfield states that these cattle were sold to
Messrs. Shirley & Birch of Louisville, Ky. In
1840 Mr. Wait made another importation, con-
sisting of the two bulls, Macadam 1814 and
Anty (3021), and eight cows, Ellen Long, by
Beaumont (3115); Hebe, by a son of High-
flyer (2122); Victoria (or White Rose), by
Matchem 4th; Pink, by Belvedere 2d (3127);
Flora, by Imperial (2151); Splendour, bred by
Mr. Cattley and sired by Symmetry (2723),
and Daisy, by Barnaby (1678). It is said that
most of these cows were imported for Mr. S.
Bradford of Tennessee. Splendour is said to
have been sold to Mr. E. P. Prentice of New
York in 1839. Daisy passed into the possession
of the Shakers of Kentucky. Messrs. Wait &
Bagg also imported about this same time the
roan bull Albion (2971), bred by R. Lawson and
sired by Charles (3343). The pedigrees of some
of these cattle seem to have been perfect and
others were not. Mr. Warfield says: " So many
errors and blunders have been found in the ped-
igrees of the cattle imported by S. Wait that it
is deemed necessary to state that they should
be examined with great care."

In 1837 the bull Grosvenor (3946), tracing to
a Booth foundation, was imported for Mr. Mi-
chael Boyne, and the bull Sovereign 995, with
heifer Strawberry, by Magnum Bonum, for
Messrs. R. Jackson and John Hodgson; presum-

DEVELOPMENT OF OHIO VALLEY HERDS. 223

ably in connection with the Ohio Co.'s opera-
tions.

About 1840 Messrs. Joel Higgins and Calvin
C. Morgan imported into Fayette Co., Ky., five
heifers from the herd of Mr. Chrisp, as follows:
Mary and Theodosia, both by Prince Eugene
(2C43); Henrietta, by Red Prince (2489); Ele-
anor, by Brougham (1746), and Princess (or
Anne), by Captain (3273); the first four roans
and the latter red.

First Bates bull for Kentucky. — Between
the years 1839 and 1841 James Letton of Bour-
bon Co., Ky., imported several females and two
bulls, one of the latter being Locomotive (4245lf
bred by Mr. Bates and sired ])y Duke of Noith-
umberland (1940) out of the Oxford Premium
Cow. This bull was a half-brother to Duke of
Wellington (3()54), imported by Mr. Vail of New
York. Mr.Warfield lists the Letton impoi-talion
as having been made in 1839. The Albany Cul-
f i rafor iov ,^u\y, 1S41 (page 120), is our authority
for the statement that Locomotive arrived in
New York May 20, 1841, so that we believe our
statement on page 230. that Duke of Wellington
was the first Oxford bull bought for Amer-
ica, to be correct.* For Locomotive the sum of

' It 18 sail, that Mr. Li'tton hatl HO(>n the Batps-Oxford bull Duko of Wol-
lIuB-ton. biinirlit by Gcoriro Vail, land at Now York, and was bo favorably
ImproHHwl that upon U'arnlnp that Duke had a half-brothor {Locomotive,
that li.iil bocn boiiplit of Mr. Rates by .1 C Etohos of Liverpool for lOilfriiln-
rati) hi' ih'termliiod to tmy him. T!\ls he did. ."uid the bull (Locomotive)
proved a successful pnzo-wlnuor In Kontiiok,v.

224 A HISTORY OF SHORT-HORN CATTLE.

$1,225 was paid in England. He became the
property of W. T. Calmes of Fayette Co., Ky.,
upon whose farm he died. Among the cows
imported by Mr. Letton was the red-roan
lanthe, by Barforth (3085), that gave rise to a
numerous family. Another that had many de-
scendants was Miss (Severs, by Eeformer (2510).

CHAPTER IX.

EASTERN IMPORTATIONS — 1830 TO 1850.

While the fanners and stock-ju'rowers of tlie
Ohio Valley States were making substantial
progress in the improvement of their herds, as
noted in the preceding chapter, large infusions
of fresh blood from England were introduced
into New York and Pennsylvania. The moiv
im])ortant importations made into the.se and
adjacent States, contemporaneous with and
following the iinjiortant O])erations of Colonel
Powpl ali-eady UKMitiniicd, will now be noted.

New York importations. Mr. Win. Jackson
imported into New York between the years
1838 and 184() the roan cows Duche.ss, l)y Ebor
(*,)t)()); Rose, l)y Skipton, and Miss Scotson. Thr
former was sold to Messrs. Wa.sson k Shropshire
and Rose to N. E. Eindseyof Kentucky. The
latter had ninneious descendants, among which
were many (>\cellent cattle, but. as her sire
was not pedigrecil. thest^ shared more oi" less in
the discredit that was cast in later years njion
cattle tracing to animals having su(di defects
in their lineage, .bickson aUo imported the
bulls Magnet and I>iinpl(\'< 4'Jl,tiie latter InMiig

15 (225)

226 A HISTORY OF SHORT-HORN CATTLE.

taken by Mr. Breiit to Bourbon Co., Ky., in
1835.

Around 1834 to 1836 Thomas Weddle im-
ported about fifteen head of Short-horns, most
of which were females. Some of these were
pedigreed and some were not. Among the ped-
igreed cows were Daisy and Crocus, both by
Romulus (2563); Primrose, by Pioneer (1321),
and Buttercup, by Sir Walter (1459). Primrose
was bought at Mr. Weddle's sale of 1838 by
Gen. James Dudley of Fayette Co., Ky. The
roan bull Charles (1816), bred b}^ the Earl of
Carlisle and sired by Rockingham (2550) of the
Weddle importation, was taken to Kentucky
the same year by Gen. Dudley. Allen states
that Mr, Weddle was an Englishman, who had
emigrated from Yorkshire into Western New
York and brought these cattle with him. He
states that they were all well-bred Short-horns,
chiefly from the well-known herd of Major
Bower.

In 1835 Samuel Allen is said to have imported
into New York the roan cow Rachel of Mr.
Whitaker's breeding on the same ship that
brought out one of the Ohio Co.'s importations.
Although her pedigree was mislaid she was
guaranteed a purely-bred Short-horn and gave
(when in full flow of milk on pasture) twenty-
eight quarts per day. Mr. Allen also brought out
at same time the roan cow Miss Lawrence, said

EASTERN IMPORTATIONS. 227

to have been l)red by Kichard P>(joth iit Stud-
ley. Her pedigi'ee was also lost, but she is said
to have bcon a prize-winner as a dairy cow in
England })ef()i*e ixMUg ship})ed, and aft<.*r hei*
arrival in America gave thirty-four quarts of
rich milk per day on grass alone. She was sold
in 1S:J9 to N. C. Baldwin of Cleveland, 0. A
third cow in this same shipment was the white
Miss Mellon, that l)ecame the pi-opei-ty of Lewis
F. Allen, founder of the American Herd Book.
She was also an excellent milker, producing.
Mr. All(Mi states, for weeks in succession twelve
l)()unds of butter ])er week.

In 1S:]() Messrs. Edward A. Leroy and Thonnis
H. Newbold of Livingston Co., New York, im-
[)orted thi-ee heifers ami the bull Windle 185.
The hcif(M's were A'enus, l»y ]\lagnum Bouum:
Dione, by Monarch, and Xt^therby, by the same
sire. About 1S3() IVter A. Bemsen of Genesee
County imported the red IniU Alexander 4. of
Mr. Maynai-d's breeding, and several cows and
luMfej's, including Adelaide. Pretty Face. La-
\iuia and White Rose, lie bred from these
for several years, and after disposing of some
of them ill New "^'ork r<Mnoved with tlu> re-
mainder io Mai yland. wln^'e thev were finally
disj)ers(Ml. Alxuit ls:!S Mi-, dohu F. SheafTo es-
tablished a Siinrt-h(»rn heid at iiis farm and
country residtMu-e in l)uch(\-<s County, on the
Hudson ixiver. He started with cattle de-

228 A HISTORY OF SHORT-HORN CATTLE.

scended from the early New England importa-
tions. To these he added, soon after 1840, the
cows Phoebe 1st, Dahlia 1st and Beauty 1st, but
the pedigrees of these are imperfectly stated.
He subsequently imported the roan cow Ser-
aphina, by Wharfdale (1578), and the red-and-
white bull Duke of Exeter 449 — the latter bred
by J. Stephenson of Wolviston. This bull is
said to have proved a capital sire. He is de-
scribed as an animal possessing remarkable
quality and subsequently passed into the pos-
session of Lewis F. Allen. Mr. Sheaffe bred
cattle until Aug. 29, 1850, when his herd was
dispersed at public sale. Between the years
1840 and 1843 James Lenox of New York, who
owned a fine country seat adjoining that of
Mr. Sheaffe, imported three cows and two bulls,
including Daffodil, Red Lady and Gayly, and
the bulls Prince Albert 133 and King Charles
2d 84 — bred by Jonas Whitaker. The two
bulls and one of the females were sired by the
noted Sir Thomas Fairfax (5196). Between
the years 1835 and 1841 Mr. E. P. Prentice of
Albany imported eight or ten head of Short-
horns, which were placed upon his villa farm
near that city. He had founded his herd with
stock bought from the early importations of
General Van Rensselaer already mentioned.
Among the females imported were several from
the herd of Mr. Whitaker, including Esterville,

EASTERN nfl'OF^TATIONS. 22*.i

by Alfred (20S7), jind Moss Kose, by Barden.
Ilo maintained tlie hoi'd until 1850, whon it
was dispersed at pul)lic sale.

In 188G Erastus Corning of Albany, in coniK^--
tion with Mr. W. H. Sothain, who later be-
came an active advocate of Here fords, made
an importation consisting of seven females
and three bulls. One of the cows, the rf»an
Wilddame, by Anthony (1040), proved a very
successful breeder, and left many descendants
whose pedigrees may be found in V.\e American
Herd Book. She was from the stock of Mi-. W.
Lovell, fi'om whose herd Mr. Corning also ob-
tained the heifers Mary, .AhJ el, Cherry, Bet,
Cleopatra and Venus. The l)ulls Columbus
(5801)), also fioni Mr. Novell's hei-d, and .Ashley
(3045) uei'o imported along a\ ith the~e lieifei's.
About 1S46 a ^Ir. Oliver of \\'estchester County
imported the bull Marius 684, a roan, bred by
Earl Spencer from .Mason stock. He was sold
to Col. L. G. Moi-ris, who e.\liibit(Ml hiiu at tlu^
New York State Fair at Buffalo in ls48, at
which sliow he was sold to David Harrold of
South Charleston, 0.. i>i wliicli State he did ex-
cellent service for some yt-ai--.

Vail's purchases of Bates cattle. — Some-
when^ about the yenr is:',.") Mi-, (iroigo \"ail of
Troy, New York, b«M'ame enamored of Short-
horn breeding and establi.shed a henl at his
count rv seat near tiiat citv. Between the veal's

230 A HISTORY OF SHORT-HORN CATTLE'

1839 and 1844 be imported, in connection with
Mr. S. P. Chapman, about fifteen head of cat-
tle. In 1840 he bought from Thomas Bates,
through Mr. Etches of Liverpool, the roan bull
calf Duke of Wellington (3654), that was sired
by the Duchess bull Short Tail (2621) and had
for dam the noted Oxford Premium Cow, win-
ner at the first show ever held by the Royal
Agricultural Society of England. This purchase
constituted the earliest importation of the
Duchess and Oxford blood into this country.*
Mr. Vail also bought from Mr. Bates a cow
called Duchess, although not belonging to the
family of that name. She was a white daugh-
ter of Duke of Northumberland (1940) out of
Nonesuch 2d by Belvedere (1706). This cow
produced the two bulls Meteor 104 and Sym-
metry 166, both by Duke of Wellington, but
died without leaving female progeny. Mr. Vail
showed a marked partiality for Bates blood and
subsequently imported the red heifer Lady Bar-
rington 3d, bred by Mr. Bates from Cleveland
Lad (3407) out of Lady Barrington 2d by Bel-
vedere (1706). From Messrs. Thomas and Rob-
ert Bell, tenants of Mr. Bates, he obtained the

* It may be of some interest to state that from an entry in the Kirklev-
ington accounts, bearing date of June 3. 1840. it appears that Mr Vail paid
for Duke of Wellington and Duchess tlie sum of £200. It appears from a
letter written by Mr. Bates to Mr. Vail in 1843 tliat 100 guineas each was be-
ing asliod for such cattle as Bates was willing to spare. In this same letter
Bates adds. " The tribes of really good Short-horns are very few. I liave
tried myself above two hundred varieties. Out of these 1 have but six
tribes which I do not mean to part with."

EASTERN IMPORTATIOXS. 231

roan Hilpa, by Cleveland Lad (8407); the roan
Yarm Lass, by 4th Duke of York (101G7j; the
red-and-white Cecilia, by 3d Duke of North um-
berland; the roan Agate, by 3d Duke of York
(10166), running on the dam's side to Acomb
by Belvedere; the red-and-white Arabella, also
an Acomb, sired by 4th Duke of Northumber-
land (3649); the roan Frantic, by 4th Duke of
York (10167); Boukie (red-roan), by 4th Duke
of York, tracing on dam's side to Craggs, a cow
obtained by Messrs. Bell from Mr. Bates; and
the roan bull Earl Derby 456, by 5th Duke of
York (10168) out of Lady Barrington 4th.

Prior to Mr. Vail's purchases of Bates-bred
Short-horns about the only specimens of Kirk-
levington l)roeding seen in the United States,
had been the few brought out during the course
of the Ohio Co.'s importations. Mr. Vail was
an enthusiast in Short-horn breeding and ex-
hibited witli success at the York State shows of
that period." He made an effort to be present

• Wrltincr to Mr. Bat08 in 1847 Mr. Vail said : •• I seut my bull Meteor to
the show fonxliibitlon only at the request of some friends, as he had taken
the first pn inluni for the beat Durham bull in Ist4. as well as the first prize
for bull of any breed. The bull Marlus, bred by Earl Spencer. Justly took
first premium in Durham bulls. The judfros in their report on these said:
•The Justly celebr.ited h\)ll Meteor, belonplnp to Mr. Georpe Vail, was on
' he K^round fo- exiilbidou only, being exelude<i from eoiupettnir at pivseut.
We think he stands uiulv.iled.' • • » I suppose ther«< were .W.OOll or 4(l.H0O
persons present, aiuoinr them many of the first m. n in the ooiintry an>] two
e.K-Presldents of the UnMe<i States. • • • Mr. .\. It. Allen of New York,
whom you know, is continually urplnjir me to pet a younp Duchess bull
from you. I wo\ild much like one, but a! present liaro not venturt> the ex-
\)ense. • • • Meteor is in some respects a finer animal than WelKncton
He is belter in the hind qu.irters and .i.-robs the hips. Wellington has not

232 A HISTORY OF SHORT-HORN CATTLE.

at the closing-out sale of the Bates herd in Eng-
land, but the event occurred at an earlier date
than he had anticipated, so that he did not ar-
rive until the sale w&s o^ er. He had mean-
time bought the herd of Mr. Prentice, but soon
aftei'\\ ard gave up breeding; his herd being sold
in October, 1852.

Whitaker's shipments to America. — Un-
doubtedly the most active man in England in
connection with shipments to America during
the period from 1820 to 1840 was Jonas Whit-
aker. He had not only sold quite a number of
cattle to the early New York and Massachusetts
importers as already detailed, but had supplied
Col. Powel of Philadelphia with many first-class
cattle. He had also been largely instrumental
in the selection of the importations made by
the Ohio Co. and its individual members. Im-
pelled by the high i^rices made at the Ohio Co.'s
sales Mr. Whitaker determined to try the ex-
periment of exporting Short-horns to America
to be offered for sale on his own account. The
first shipment was made in August, 1837, the
cattle being placed upon the farm of Col. Powel.
This lot consisted of fifteen bulls and nineteen
cows and heifers. Whitaker was always a good

a broad hip and is rather thin across the twist. His fore end cannct be
beat. He is a superior handler, as is also Meteor. The latter weighs 2,200
lbs. and Welling-ton will weigh nearly 1.900 lbs. Meteor would take high
rank even in your country. * * * Our county show took place last week
and was the best we have had. I was equally successful in winning pre-
uiiunis here as at the State show. Hilpa took the first prize."

EASTERN IMPORTATIONS. 233

"keeper," and the.se aniiiiHls were forwarded in
good condition; and as they were well bred and
their coming had been widely advertised they
attracted much attention, and when offered at
auction drew the presence of a great attend-
ance not only from the States of New Yoi'k and
Pennsylvania but from the then distant cattle-
breeding districts of Ohio and Kentucky. The
sale occurred at Powclton in Septembor. bSoT,
the bulls averaging $353, the cows $4S0, and
the total sales aggregating $14,215. Among
those sold upon this occasion were the follow-
ing:

Clarksville, by Lottery (2227), a roan two-year-old beifer,
bought by Mr. Neff for ^030 aud subsequently sold to John Hadley
of Clinton Co., O., in which State she gave rise to a considerable
family.

Young Isabolla, a red-and-white cow, bred by Richard Booth,
sired by Memnon (229.5) out of the celebrated Isabella by Pilot.
She was bought by C. J. Wolbert of Philadelphia for $405.

Profitable, roan, two-year-old heifer, sired bj- Young Ebor
(3682), sold to Mr. Neff of Cincinnati for *.").'>0.

Ruth, red-and-white six-year-old, bred by Richard Booth and
belonging to the old Killerby Moss Rose family, also sold to Mr.
Neff at «r.O.

Beauty,* red-and-white four-year-old. bred by Mr. Tempest,
sired by De Vcaux (liHin, running throui.h Bertram il716i and
Frederick (KM'tOi to Colling's old Bright Eyes sort. This cow was
likewise purchased by Mr. Neff at fr>40.

•From Imp. Bt aiitv w.js doscondtHl the (rro.it f.inilljr of show .nnrt br«v><l-
Inp cattle known. -IS " Pri'tltJibU's."' :ift<Twaril famoiiB in Ohio tn • f

tho late Davlil Si'lsor. from whoH<> luTil many HplonilUl lnill\
liortiH of tliai trllM' wert^ hoUI tliroiiKlioiit v;irlo>iH Wi-stt -•■ ^
was at Olio tlmi' an «>(Topt mailo toillaoriHllt tlilt« family on
Inability to tra«'«» th«> llneatro <llrt>ot to imp. Ho.-uity. T
howi'ViT, oorlltli'il to by Mr. J. J. Jono«. who tK>nirlil tho ci'W l^rolitabio ."J
from Mr. Moll. Soo rofvronco to this In lirtiiiir* OattUt, 9«pt, II, lN£t.

234 A HISTORY OF SHORT-HORN CATTLE.

Lucilla, roan four-y.ear-old, by Edmund (1954), also bought by
Mr. Neff and resold to Benjamin Scott of Kentucky.

Brutus 31, roan yearling bull, bred by Whitaker, bought by
Mr. Neff for $330.

Bruce (3283) , red yearling bull, bred by Whitaker, bought by
Mr. Rotch of New York for ?.S60.

Miser (2323) , white yearling bull, bred by Whitaker, bought by
Mr. Cunningham for $470.

While these prices were not altogether sat-
isfactor}^ to Mr. Whitaker he sent out another
considerable shipment in 1838 or 1839 that were
also sold near Philadelphia. In this lot were
twenty-two cows and heifers and six bulls.
They were sold at sales held in the years 1838
and 1839, but accurate records as to what be-
came of many of the cattle have not been x^re-
served. There are in fact few descendants of
the females included in these last shipments on
record in this countr3\ One exception to this
may be noted, however, in the case of the roan
Victoria, by Luck's All (2230), of Mr. Cattley's
breeding, that was bought at the sale by Mr.
George Brinton for $520. This was about the
highest price made at the last sales, values rang-
ing sharply downward from about that figure.
The depression which was at this date begin-
ning to settle down upon American industries
militated against success in these operations of
Mr. Whitaker and he made no further ship-
ments.

Introduction of Princess blood.^ — Mr. Vail's
importations had the effect of drawing public

EASTERN IMPORTATIONS. 23;")

attention to the herd of Mr. Bates, and in the
year 1849 Mr. Ambrose Stevens of Batavia,
N. Y., went to England with a letter of intro-
duction to Bates from Vail and purchased for
importation the roan bull 3d Duke of Cam-
bridge (51)41), then eight years old, sired by the
Duke of Northumberland (1940) out of "Water-
loo 2d by Belvedere. This bull represented a
union of the Duchess, Piincess and Waterloo
tribes, and after his arrival in America an in-
terest in him was sold to Col. J. M. Sherwood
of Auburn, N. Y. Along with the Duke Mr.
Stevens brought out from the herd of ]\Ir. Ste-
[)lienson of AVolviston the roan yearling heifers
Princess 2d, by General Sale (8099), and Prin-
cess 3d, by Napier (6238), together with Red
l\()se 2d, a I'ed four-year-old cow by Napier.
Those were the first representatives of the tribe
of Belvedere to be transferred to American
soil. Red Rose 2d was sold to Col. Sherwood.
Slie was a ca[)ital dairy cow, and it is recorded
that "she made forty-nine pounds of Initter in
i\venty-ti\e consecutive days in May and .Tune.
IS^)l,^vh(Ml four years old with her second calf."
Mr. Stevens brought out in 1S49, as a calf, the
I'rincess bull Lord Vane Tempest (U>4()9) and
sold him to Col. Sherwood.

Ill Is.")!) Messrs. vStevcns and Sherwood im-
poiitMl IIm^ two-year-old Princ(vsy bull Karl of
Scahain (lOlSl), of Stephenson's )n*ee<liug. that

236 A HISTORY OF SHORT-HORN CATTLE.

was afterward sold to Rev. John A. Gano, Ken-
tucky. The Earl also proved a successful stock-
getter. Along with him were imported the cows
Princess 4th, by Napier; Waterloo 5th and Wild
Eyes 5th, both of Bates blood, but they died
without issue. The red Princess bull Wolvis-
ton 1109 was also included in this shipment,
and was sold after importation to William Ash-
ton of Gait, Can. In 1851 Messrs. Stevens and
Sherwood imported the Princess bull calf Earl
Vane (14483) and the five-year-old cow Princess
1st, by Napier. The following year the roan
Princess heifer Lady Sale 2d, by Earl of Chat-
ham (10176), and the roan four-year-old Prin-
cess cow Tuberose 2d, by Earl of Antrim
(10174), were brought out. Red Rose 2d, Tube-
rose 2d and Lady Sale 2d became the matrons
of the Princess tribe in America, and in later
years their descendants commanded enormous
prices as a result of the great appreciation in
values of Bates-bred Short-horns. This was of
course due to the fact of the great success met
with by Mr. Bates in the use of Belvedere.

Miscellaneous importations.— In 1835 Mr.
Harmer Denny of Pittsburg imported the red-
and-white yearling bull Young Buckingham
(1758), a roan two-year-old heifer and her sire,
a bull called Architect; the two latter not being
fully pedigreed. These w^ere selected in Eng-
land by Rev. John A. Robertson. During the

EASTERN IMPORTATIONS, 237

samo year K. D. Shepherd of Baltimore, Md.,
imported nine females and six bulls, some of
which were without pedigrees. Several of the
cows, including Lucrece, Haidie and Diana,
were sold to Hon. Henry Clay and taken to Ken-
tucky. In 1837 or 1838 William Gibbcms of
Madison, N. J., imported the roan bull Majestic
(2241)), bred ])y Mr. Crofton, the roan Arthur
(3040) and the white cow Volage; both of the
latter bred by Whitaker. In 1838 Dr. John A.
Poole of Brunswick, N. J., imported the white
yearling l)ull Bernard 19, descende<l from Mag-
dalena, by Comet, and the cows Maria, Fanny
and Barmpton Cow. In 1831) Joseph Cope of
Pennsylvania bought atKirklevington the roan
bull Yorkshireman (5700). l)red by Buites and be-
longing to his Blanche tribe; paying for him
something over £100. In 1839 Daniel Holman
imported the red-and-white three-year-old cow
Jane, bred ])V C. L. Bidlcv and sired l>v Youiiir
Magog (2247). We should also note the shijt-
nieut of the roan cow Violet, by Regent (2ol7),
along with the bulls Young Rocket (4971)) and
Rubens (2573) to 11. Whitney of Connecticut
about 1840. Also the impoi-tation by William
Whitney of Morristown, N. J., about the same
date of the twin heifers Cornelia and Harriot.
I)y Binuingham (3152), and their dam. th.^
roan Ringlet, l\v B(^lshazzar (17(14), of the Earl
of (^;ii'lisl(>'s briMHliiiLT.

CHAPTER X.

SECOND PERIOD OF ACTIVITY IN
AMERICA.

During the decade from 1840 to 1850 a pro-
found depression overtook American agricultu-
ral industries. The outburst of activity in live-
stock improvement that had found manifesta-
tion in the new West during the "thirties" in
the operations of the first Ohio and Kentucky-
importing companies, was followed by ten or
twelve years of declining v?iues and waning
interest in all things agricultural. Importa-
tions ceased. Discouraged by the absence of
demand for good cattle, leading breeders reluc-
tantly castrated many well-bred young bulls
that should have been doing service in the
herds of the farming community. Large num-
bers of good cows and heifers were fed off for
the shambles. Pedigree records were in many
cases neglected. In this way many descend-
ants of the importations already noted disap-
peared from view. As has been true, however,
during all such trying times, certain men who
knew that history never fails to repeat itself
stood steadfastly by the "red, white and roans,"

(238)

i '/

1 ^

; r- ;
5?

SECOND PERIOD OF ACTIVITY. 239

firm in the belief that the tide would some day
turn. And so it did.

Soon after 1800 the clouds that had settled
over the industry during the twelve years pre-
ceding began to break. The pi-ice of meats
advanced under a renewed domestic demand
and the opening up of foreign markets for
grains and provisions. Those who had tena-
ciously held their ground in cattle breeding dis-
cerned signs of better dkiys near at hand and
began taking steps to recruit their herds up to
the former standard. We now enter upon a
most interesting period of Short-honi history;
a period characterized by remarkable activity
on the part of powerful interests; a period that
w^itnessed the founding of the great herds at
Woodburn and Thorndale; the organization
of numerous importing companies in Kentucky,
Ohio and New York, and that also marks the
extension of Short-horn breeding into Indiana,
Illinois and other Western States.

The first "Duke" for America.— Mr. Loril-
lard Spencer of New "^Ork impoited in the year
ISol or lSr)2 the red Bates Ducliess bull Duke
of Athol (10150), that had been sold at the Kirk-
levington sale of 1850 as a calf to Mr. Parker
of Penrith for forty guineas. Along with him
ciune the young bull Augustus (1112")) and
VV'oldsman (ll()2()), together with the heifei"s
Sonsie 8th, by 2d Cleveland Lad; Faraway, by

240 A HISTORY OF SHORT-HORN CATTLE.

3d Duke of Oxford, and Jean, by Chevalier.
He bred from these for a few years and pos-
sessed a few other Short-horns bought from
New York State breeders. He maintained the
herd, however, but a short time.

Morris and Becar. — Col. L. Gr. Morris and
Noel J. Becar of New York attended the dis-
persion sale of the herd of Thomas Bates in May,
1850, as reported on page 111, and after looking
over the cattle determined to invest in the Ox-
ford blood. Three cows and heifers of the fam-
ily that gave Mr. Bates his Liverpool Royal
Champion Cleveland Lad fell to their bidding,
viz. : The roan five-year-old Oxford 5th, by Duke
of Northumberland; the red-and- white year-
ling Oxford 10th, by 3d Duke of York (10166),
and her full sister, the roan heifer calf Oxford
13th. Col. Morris took the cow and the j^ear-
ling, and Mr. Becar the calf. Subsequently Col.
Morris bought the roan cow Beauty of Brawith
(of B. Wilson's breeding); the red-roan Bloom,
by the Booth-bred Sir Leonard (10827), and
Romelia, a roan, by Flageolet (8130). He also
purchased the red-and-white Bates-bred Balco
(9918),* by 4th Duke of York (10167) out of
Wild Eyes 15th by 4th Duke of Northumber-
land (3649), the first of that tribe to come to
America; Lord of Eryholme (12205), a roan of

* At a later period Balco passed into the possession of Gen. Sol Meredith
of Cambridge Citj-, Ind.

SECOND PERIOD OF ACTIVITY. 241

A. L, Maynard's hreediiig; ^larquis of CaiTabas
(11780), a roan, bred Ijy Fawkes of Farnley
Hall, and the Bell-Bates bull liilly Pitt (91)67).
The roan Romeo (13610), bred by the Marquis
of Exeter, was bought on joint account, and
aftei'ward proved a valuable "outcross" upon
the Oxfords.

Mr. Becar was a Frenchman who had emi-
grated when a young man to the city of New
York, where he estal)lislicd himself as a mer-
chant, which occupation he for many years suc-
cessfully pursued. He married an American
wife, whose family held large possessions of
land on Long Island. He imported on his indi-
vidual account some sixteen head of cows and
heifers between the years IS.V) aiid 1854. In-
cluded among these were the iiates-ljred Oxfcnd
6th, Lady Barrington 12th and Apricot. The
shipment also included the Secret heifer Sur-
prise and the white cow Songstress, the first of
the (i Wynne family (ch)sely allied to the Prin-
cesses) imported to America. This lot also in-
cluded the roan cow Actress, l)y Harkaway
(01S4), that was sul)se(iuently sold to the lion.
John A\'(Mitworth of Chicago, 111. 'JMiis impor-
tation is ]iotabl«^ also as having contair»ed the
first specimen of the .Mason Victorias brought
to this country — nanu^ly. \'ictoria 26th. bred by
Mr. Holmes of In^land and sired by the IVtotli
l)ull Haroii \\ailai»> (7sl:»). Two loan heifers

242 A HISTORY OF SHORT-HORN CATTLE.

from noted English herds were Zoe, bred by
Mr. Tanqueray, and Miss Belleville, bred by
Mason Hopper and sired by the "never-beaten"
Belleville (6778). The former was the earliest
representative of the "J" branch of the Prin-
cess sort imported.

The Earl Ducie sale in England. — While
Messrs. Morris and Becar were making these
purchases an event that was destined to exer-
cise an extraordinary influence upon Short-horn
breeding on both sides of the water occurred
in England. This was the closing-out sale of
the herd of Earl Ducie, at Tortworth, which
took place Aug. 24, 1853, as a consequence of
the Earl's decease. It will be remembered that
at the Bates dispersion sale Ducie had bought
the 4th Duke of York, Duchess 55th, Oxford
6th, Duchess 59th, Duchess 64th and Oxford
nth. He bred Duchess 59th to Usurer (9763)
—the Mason-bred bull for which he paid 400
guineas at the sale of the Earl Spencer cattle
in 1848. The white Duchess 67th resulted, but
she seemed so unpromising that Lord Ducie is
said to have considered that the cross was a
failure and stated that he would never again
" outcross " the Duchesses and Oxfords. At the
Tortworth sale Messrs. Becar and Morris were
represented and secured Duchess 66th and the
red three-year-old bull Duke of Gloster (11382),
by Grand Duke (10284). For Duchess 66th

RFX'OND I'EJilOD OF ACTIVITY. 243

they were forced to pay 700 guineas — the top
price of the sale. Slie was a roan, coming
three years old, sired ])y 4th Duke of York
(10107) out of Duchess Ooth, and became the
ancestress in Ani<'iica of the far-famed Oneida,
(Jeneva and Thorndale branches of the liates
Duchess tribe; the sale of which at New York
Mills in 1873 proved the most sensational event
in Shoii-hoiTi history.

This Ducie sale was also attended by Messrs.
Samuel Thoi ne and V. U. Kotch of New York.
Mr. Thoine was in quest of Short-horns for liis
father, Jonathan Thorne of Dutchess County,
and purchased Duchess 5<.)th, Duchess (Uth and
Duchess 6Sth. For these he gave 350 guineas.
000 guineas and 300 guin«^as respectively. Had
it n(jt been for the bidding of Mr. J. S. Tanque-
ray and Gunter of (ilouce.stershire the Ameri-
can buyers would liave taken all of the Ducli-
esses. It was the compel it ion between the Old
World and the N(>w that resulted in su(di high
])rices as compared with those made at Kirk-
levington three years previous. The six hoiid
of cattle for which Earl Duci(^ had pai.l t'O:).')
lOs. upon that occasion brought at 'i'ortworth
£'2,052 ir)s. This s:il(\ it m;iy Ite said, fairly
niiuked th(» l)eginuiug (tf what is known tliis
side of the Atlantic as the gn»at Hates "boom."
Duchess 5r)th at 50 guineas, Oxford Oth at 2n5
guineas. Oxfonl llilmf 25(» irnineas, Oxford KUh

244 A HISTORY OF SHORT-HORN CATTLE.

at 180 guineas and Duchess 69th at 400 guineas
were bought by Mr. Tanqueray; Mr. Gunter pur-
chasing Duchess 67th, by Usurer, at 350 guineas,
and Duchess 70th at 810 guineas. The Earl of
Burlington bought Oxford 15th at 200 guineas,
and the Earl of Feversham took 5th Duke of
Oxford (12762) at 300 guineas. The 4th Duke
of York (10167) was bought by Gen. Cadwalla-
der and Mr. Vail of New York at 500 guineas,
but did not live to reach America, his neck hav-
ing been broken during a storm at sea.

Thorndale and the Duchesses. — Mr. Becar
having died in 1854 Col. Morris purchased his
interest in the partnership herd, and after sell-
ing quite a number of young bulls to various
breeders in different States disposed of the en-
tire holding to Mr. Samuel Thorne of Thorn-
dale Farm, Duchess Co., N. Y. Mr. Thome's
father, Jonathan Thorne of New York City,
owned an extensive farm at Millbrook, which
is still in the possession of the family. This
was in 1857. In the year 1850 Mr. Thorne Sr.
had sent an order to his son Edwin, who was
then in England, for a Short-horn bull. A pair
of cows had previously been purchased from
Mr. Vail of Troy. The order was filled by the
purchase and forwarding of the bull St. Law-
rence (12037), bred by Capt. Pelham. This bull
was afterward sold to Dr. E. Warfield and taken
to Kentucky in the autumn of 1853. In 1852

SECOND I'EHIOl) OF AfTIVITY. 245

Mr. Thorne received on an order he had given
to Robert Bell the two Bell-Bates heifers Count-
ess (Craggs) and Forget-me-not 2d of Bell's
Fletcher family. He also bought from Mr.
Tanqueray the young cow Ellen Gwynne, bred
by Mr. Troutl)Cck.

In the spring of 1853 Mr. Samuel Thorne. in
company with Mr. F. M. Rotch, sailed for Eng-
land to purchase Short-horns, their intentic)n
l)eing to buy the best that could be found with-
out reference to cost. They attended the Ducie
sale, at which Duchesses 59th, fUth and 6Sth
were selected. From Mr. S. E. Bolden they se-
cured the Duchess bull Grand Duke (10284),
that had been purchased by Mr. Hay of Scot-
land at the Kirklevington dispersion at the top
price of 205 guineas,''' and the roan heifer I'eri.
by (Jrand Duke. From Tortworth the red
(I Wynne cow Mystery, by Usurer, was obtained.
Col. Towneley's }u*(vding was drawn upon for
Frederica and Lalla Rookh. The red cows Au-
rora and Darling (the lattv^r an Acomb l)y 0 rand
Duke), mainly of Bates blood, completed the
purchases of cattle brought oui in 1*^5:]. Duch-

*Mr. Boldon had botigrbt at the Bates 8.a1o Duchess 61st, as a doubtful
bn'oiliT, at sixty ffuliu'.'is. He brtnl her ttrst to Rlehanl Booth's LKH>nldas
<UMU), but the calf vamv dead BixhI to Grand Duke. Duchess &lst irave Mr.
iloltU'u the oeh'brnteil tiraiid DuchcsscH l.st and 2d, the .inceslresses of the
family of thai name. In this oonm>ctton It Is i<f Interest to note that ttrand
DuUi' had not Ix-en retranlod a.s i\ satlsf.netory sIpi' In Mr. Hay » henl at
Sliethln. l>iil then> was no nilstaklnir the outstandliur excellenoe of s>ich of
Ills k'et nt Mr. BoUlen's as the (iraiul Ducheaaes. Coerry Ducbeaa 1st and Sd
Uuki' of ranibrldire

246 A HISTORY OF SHORT-HORN CATTLE.

ess 64th was left in England until the following
year, and in the meantime dropped to a service
by 4th Duke of York the bull calf 2d Grand
Duke (12961), which under an arrangement pre-
viously entered into became the projperty of Mr.
Bolden. This shiimient of 1853 had cost Mr.
Thorne the snug sum of $18,000, thus making
it the highest-priced lot of Short-horns im-
ported to America up to that date. The vessel
upon which they were shipped in October of
that year had a tempestuous passage. Duchess
68th was killed outright by the falling of a mast
and Peri had a hip knocked down, two ribs
broken and lost one horn. She nevertheless
bred successfully and gave rise to a family bear-
ing her namo that afterward commanded long
prices.

In 1854 Mr. Thorne imported nine females,
including Agnes, Cypress, Cherry and Constan-
tia— all by B. Wilson's Lord of Brawith (10465)
— Lady Millicent (from Fawkes), by Laudable;
Diana Gwynne, Dinah Gwynne and (from Tan-
queray's) the Bates Barrington heifer Lady of
Athol. In the fall of 1855 the bull 2d Grand
Duke (12961), above mentioned, was bought
from Bolden for $5,000 to succeed Grand Duke
(10284). An accident had rendered the latter
practically useless, but he was not slaughtered
until 1857. With 2d Grand Duke was shipped
in 1855 the Killerby-bred Booth bull Neptune

SECOND PERIOD OF ACTIVITY. 247

(11847), by Water King (11024) out of Bloom
by Buckingham; second dam the celebrated
Hawthorne Blossom. At the sale of Sir Chas.
Knightley in 1856 Mr. Thorne bought the cows
Blouzelind and Mrs. Flathers, both by Earl of
Dublin, and Elgitha, by Balco. This gave him
a dip into the most noted dairy strain of the
day in England. From Col. Towneley he bought
the two heifers Miss Buttercup, by the cele-
brated Master Butterfly (13311), and Buttercup
2d, by Horatio (10335). These five cattle cost
over $5,000. From other sources he obtained
Darlington 0th, Maria Louisa and Dewdrop.

In 1857 the entire Morris k Becar herd, con-
sisting at that date of fifty-three head, was pur-
chased for $35,000. This gave Thorndale a vir-
tual monopoly of the Duchess and Oxford blood
in America and an investment in Short-horns
mounting w'ell up toward $100,000. Opera-
tions of such magnitude did not fail to create
more or less of a sensation in rattle-I)roeding
circles on both sides the Atlantic. During this
same year Mr. Edwin Thorne, then in England,
bought and sent out to his brother Samuel the
bull (Srand Turk (121)('»0). brinl by Boldon. rep-
resenting a cross of Grand Duko (In2>i4) on the
Booth cow Young Rachel by Lronaitl (4210).
It thus appears that Thoindale dnnv upon the
most noted strains of the bi(MHl. besides impart-
ing au impetus to the trade in England and

248 A HISTORY OF SHORT-HORN CATTLE.

America that permeated the entire industry
and influenced in marked degree the work of
leading breeders at home and abroad for manj'^
succeeding years.

Revival of interest in the "West. — It was a
trying ordeal the business passed through in
Ohio and Kentucky during the "'forties." Lit-
tle more than butchers' prices could be real-
ized. At the time the George and Jonathan
Renick herds were offered (1844-1846) not more
than $130 could be obtained for the best. The
value of the blood had been fully demonstrated,
but farmers generally were financially unable
to avail themselves of it save at extremely low
prices. The large landed proprietors, however,
maintained their herds and manifested their
interest by exhibiting stock at the various local
fairs." B}'' 1850 times had brightened, and the
Ohio State Agricultural Society held its initial
show near Cincinnati, Harness Renick winning

*In a report of the Boss County Fair for 1849. in the Ohio Cultivator, it is
said that " the Durham Short-liorns were exhibited in all their sleekness
and beauty. These are, very justly, the pride of the principal farmers and
herdsmen of the Scioto "Valley. We have never seen better animals of this
class than were exhibited on this occasion from the herds of Geo. Renick,
Dr. A. Watts, J R. Anderson, Alexander Renick, etc. As a whole it ex-
celled In quality the show of this breed at either of the New York fairs."

The report gives the weights of several Short-hom bullocks on exhibi-
tion; among- them a steer of Dr. Watts, three years old in April, weighed.
Oct. 5, 2.300 lbs. ; one, two years in February, weighed, Oct. 5, 1,730 lbs. From
the herd of George Renick a bullock of "great perfection of form, ' five
years, weighed 2,800 lbs. Six others, only three years, weighed 1.850, 1.T50
1,720. 1.680. 1,(J70 and 1.664 lbs. These cattle had not been forced as is the
modern practice, having only good grass in summer.— Hon. T C. Jones, in
Breeder's Gazette, Oct. 5, 1882.

SECOND PERIOD OF AfTIVITY. 240

first prize on Sterling 1004 — tracing to imp.
Blossom by Fitz-Favorite — in aged-bull class,
and Mr. Poage first on Lilac -a descendant of
imp. Duchess of Liverpool — in aged cows. The
modern system of training for show had not
at that date come into vogue. It should be
mentioned before proceeding further that
shortly after the settlement of Walter Dun's
estate, in Kentucky, his sons John G., James,
Walter A. and Robert G. located upon their
father's extensive estates in Madis(jn Co., 0.,
taking with them a lot of good Short-horns
descended from their father's importation al-
ready mentioned. The bull Comet (1804) was
used by the Messrs. Dun in Ohio as late as 1S45
and was an excellent getter.

With the return of better times the Ohio
breeders manifested renewed interest in their
herds. In 1852 trade had revived to such an
extent that it was determined to make a fresh
importation from England. Eighteen years
had elapsed since the first purchase by the old
Ohio Co., and breeders were anxious to ascer-
tain as to what progress had been made in the
improvement of the breed in England during
that period. The project took dehnite form by
the organization of the

Scioto Valley Importing Co. — The veteran
Dr. Arthur \\ aUs and Mr. (Jeorgt^ A\*. Kenick.
son of F(»lix Uenick, ^^ere appoint (^d agents, and

250 A HISTORY OF SHORT-HORN CATTLE.

the result of their journey was the purchase
and importation of ten bulls and seven females
that were sold at auction at the farm of Dr.
Watts, near Chillicothe. Stockholders had the
privilege of bidding and took most of the cat-
tle at high prices. The sale list, with some
particulars, follows:

BULLS.

Nobleman (13392), roan two-year-old, bred by J. Wood; a
bull of marked excellence — Hon. John I. Vanmeter, Pike
County $2,510

Count Fathom (11316) , roan yearling, bred by F. H. Fawkes ;
got by Lord Marquis (10i59) ; proved a very successful
sire— N. PerriU, Clinton County 2,075

Master BeUeviUe (11795), roan two-year-old, bred by J. M.
Hopper ; sired by the show bull Belleville (6778) and de-
scribed as "a grand, rangy bull and the sire of a large
number of fine Short-horns, including BiUy Harrison
263, the prize bull Master Miller, etc." — Messrs. Renick
and Maypool 2,005

Lord Nelson 664, red-roan two-year-old, bred by R. Thorn-
ton— John L. Meyers, Fayette County 1,825

Gamboy (11503) , red-and- white, bred by F. H. Fawkes ; trac-
ing to the Booth cow Isabella by Pilot— M. L. Sullivant,
Columbus 1,400

Rising Sun 5130, roan bull calf, bred by Mr. Wetherell —

Isaac Cunningham, Scioto County 1,300

Alderman (9882) , roan three-year-old, bred by R. C. Lown-
des; afterward became the property of Jacob Pierce
and used for some years in his fine herd — Hon. Alex.
Waddle, Clark County 1,150

Isaac 589, roan two-year-old, bred by R. Thornton; a low,
compact bull of fine quality, a good feeder and capital
sire ; second-prize bull at the Ohio State Fair, 1854 —
Messrs. Gregg and J. O'B. Renick, Pickaway County. . . 600

Young "Whittington 1165, roan yearling; afterward owned
by Messrs. Brown of Sangamon Co., 111. — Arthur Watts,
Chillicothe 450

SECOND PERIOD OF Af'TTVITY. 251

cows AND IIEIFEUS.

Mary, roan two-year-old, bred by J. Emerson ; by Lord of

the Manor (104(;0;— Hon. A. Waddle « 1,650

Sunrise, red, by Twilight (9758; — Hon. John I. Vanmeter,

Pike County 1.230

Blue Bonnet, roan two-year-old, by Earl of Antrim (10174) ;
a large, stylish cow of superior quality and a great
milker ; dam of prize bulls Master Miller 693, Winfield
1107 and a valuable progeny of females — F. W. Renick,
Pickaway County 1.225

Moss Rose, roan six-year old, bred by J. W. Parrington;
sired by Ravensworth (9487) ; afterward became the
property of Jacob Pierce, in whose hands she dropped
the show cow Mattie by Nobleman (13392) — Hon. Alex.
Waddle, Clark County 1,200

Raspberry, roan two-year-old, sired by Banker (11130) ; a
fine cow that in the hands of Messrs. Gregg and J. 0"B.
Renick was champion female at the Ohio State Fair, at
Newark, in 18.54, afterward becoming the property of
James M. Trimble, in whose hands she produced, among
other good things, the cow Maggie Trimble, dam of Air-
drio 2d 11267, used in the prize herd of J. R. Anderson,
Ross County— George W. Gregg, Pickaway County 1.110

Strawberry, roan cow, bred by R. Thornton ; sired by Post

Master (9487)— George W. Renick, Ross County 1,000

Enchantress, roan two-year-old, bi-ed by Mr. Thornton;
grew into a cow of superior quality and produced the
fine bull Noble 753— Harness Renick, Pickaway County. 900

9 Imlls* sold for $13,315 ; an average of $1,479.45

~ females sold for 8,315 ; an average of 1,187.85

16 animals sold for 21,630; an average of 1,351.85

The prices which the stockholders were wil-
liiin' lo [tay Ini' these cattle iiisjiired fresh con-
tidcnce on both sides of the river, and in the
followinu: year several other iini>ortin<: compa-
nies were organized.

•Tho nHl-n.aii luiU Ad.iin (1233S). bnM by J Clark, of dits IniportAtlon
WUH out of I'omlltloii ami not ho1<I. H«> iMvanu- tho prop<>rt.v of M. L SulU-
v.iut aiKl \vi\n iioioil for liiH woiwlorfnl ooat of hair. Mr ilanu'SH Reolck's
prlro Ui'lfor Agatha, of tho UIobboiu trltx-. w:is oiu< of hl« got.

s

252 A HISTORY OF SHORT-HORN CATTLIJ.

Madison Co. (0.) Co.— In 1853 the Madison
Co. (0.) Importing Co. was formed. Messrs.
Charles Phellis, B. B. Browning and Mr. Farrar
were appointed agents and selected from the
English herds fifteen bulls and nine cows,
which, after the usual plan of these companies,
were sold at auction. The event occurred Sept.
27 at London, Madison County, the result, to-
gether with a few notes upon the more noted
animals, being as indicated below. From thi.'
it will appear that prices now mounted to a
still higher range than had yet been attained:

BULLS.

Starlight (12146), roan two-year-old, bred by R. Lawson;
sired by Lansdowne (9277), dam Beauty by Mussulman
(4534) . This bull was kept upon the farm of James Pul-
lington, in Union County, for many years and was one
of the best sires ever used in the State. Though a first-
prize bull at the State Fair of 1854, Starlight was not a
first-class show bull. His strong, masculine front, with
broad and massive brisket, were quite imposing, and the
length of his fore ribs gave a chest of unusual capacity.
He had a good back and loin, but his quarters were a
little short. He was a bull of unusual vigor of constitu-
tion and required to be carefully handled. Among his
get that acquired distinction in show-yards were the
champion bulls Starlight 2d 2559, Buckeye Starlight
3718 and General Grant 4825— Charles Phellis, Madi-
son County $3,000

Marquis (11787), roan two-year-old, bred by R. Thornton;
sired by Whittington (12299) ; a fine, compactly-fash-
ioned bull of extra quality, extensively used on the fine
herds then owned in the region known locally as the
"Darby Plains" — James Fullington (Union County) and
others 3,000

Sheffielder (18693), roan two-year-old, bred by Mr. Hall;
sired by His Grace (10323)— J. W. Robinson, Madison
County 1,800

SECOND PEPaOD OF ACTIVITY. 208

Mario (U770), roan two-year-old, bred by J. S. Tanqueray;
sired by Horatio ilO'Xio) out of the Gwynne cow Melody
by Sir Thomas Fairfax ; a fine, large bull, with wonder-
full depth of chest and of a remarkably quiet disposi-
tion; his get were uniformly good ; afterward property
of David Watson — Robert Reed, Madison County 1,550

Colonel (12614), red-and-white roan yearling, bred by R.
Lawson ; proved a good breeder; gained first prize as
bull with five of his get at Ohio State Fair, 1860; prog-
eny frequently shown with success— Messrs. Dun 1,350

Farmer Boy (11464), roan two-year-old, bred by R. Thorn-
ton— Joseph Reyburn, Madison County 925

Thornberry (12222), white two-year-old, bred by Richard
Booth, Warlaby; sired by Hopewell (103:32), dam Haw-
thorne Blossom by Leonard; sold in bad condition;
"off" on his feet and thin in flesh; low and level, with
wonderful spring of rib, splendid (juarters and real War-
laby chest and shoulders; one of the best feeders ever
known in the Scioto Valley ; imparted his rare feeding
qualities with great uniformity to his get— Messrs. Har-
ness and Felix W. Renick, Pickaway County 875

Beau Clerc (11160), roan two-year-old, bred by F. H. Fawkes

— D. M. Creighton, Madison County 750

Symmetry (12167), roan two-year-old, bred by J. Knowlcs,

sired by Phosphorus 9477— Messrs. Dun, Madison County 1,150

Sportsman, roan bull calf — James Foster, Madison County. . 700

Duke of Livcrijool, roan bull calf — George G. McDonald.

Madison County 555

Splendor 907 1<^, roan yearling— F. A. Yocum, Madison County. 500

Prince Edward 864, roan yearling— M. B. Wright, Fayette

County 475

Rocket 92n^, white yearling— David Watson, Union County. 425

Prince Albert 3284, roan yearling— J. F. Chenoweth. Madison

County :^(><>

cows AND HEIFERS.

Stapleton Lass, red-and-white roan threo-yoar-old, bred by
R. Thornton, sired by Sailor (9.V.>2i ; afterward pro|>orty
of James Fullinglon, in whoso hands she proved a c^tpital
breeder and groat milker; she was dam of David Wat-
son s Fancy, that produced the great champion show cow
Jessie, by Starlight 2d ; she was also dam of the prize
bull Buckeye Starlight 3718 — Jesse Watson, Madison
County * 1,350

254 A HISTORY OF SHORT-HORN CATTLE.

Picotee. roan six-year-old : sired by Robin Hood (8492) — Jesse

Watson, Madison County 1,275

Miss Hilton, roan two-year-old, bred by T. Raine — David

Watson 875

Princess, roan three-year-old, bred by W. Raine — William

Watson, Clark County 690

Blossom, roan yearling, bred by R. Thornton— David Wat-
son 650

Victoria, roan three-year-old, bred by W. Raine; afterward
property of James Fullington — J. Q. Winchell, Madison
County 600

Alexandrina, white yearling, bred by T. Raine — David Wat-
son 560

Yorkshire Dairy Cow (not pedigreed) — Joseph Negley, Clark

County 435

Monsoon (not pedigreed) , dam Yorkshire Dairy Cow — Jos.

Reyburn, Madison County 295

15 bulls sold for $17,355; an average of $1,157

9 females sold for 6,720 ; an average of 747

24 animals sold for 24,075 ; an average of 1,003

Northern Kentucky Association. — In 1853
an association of Kentucky breeders under this
title commissioned Messrs. Solomon Vanmeter,
Nelson Dudley and Charles T. Garrard to pro-
ceed to England for the purchase of cattle.
Fifteen cows and ten bulls were selected and
imported in July of that year, which were sold
at auction soon after their arrival at the farm
of B. J. Clay, in Bourbon County, at the extra-
ordinary prices noted below:

BULLS.

Diamond (11357^ , roan three-year-old, bred by Earl Fever-
sham — B. J. Clay, H. Clay Jr., George M. Bedford and
J. Duncan, Bourbon County $6,000

Challenger (14252), roan yearling, bred by Earl Ducie; sired
by 4th Duke of Y'ork ( 10167 1 ; dam Chaplet by Usurer
(9768), running to Magdalena by Comet — Isaac and Solo-
mon Vanmeter and T. L. Cunningham, Clark County . . . 4,850

SECOND PEiilOD OF ACTIVITY. LIoO

Orontes 2d (11877), red two-year-old, bred by Earl of Bur-
lington ; out of imp. Goodness, of Mason blood — li. A.
Alexander, Woodford County 4,550

Young Chilton (11278), white three-year-old, bred by J. Em-
erson; sired by Chilton n0054j — Dr. R. J. Breckenridge
and Messrs. B. & W. Warfield, Fayette County 8,005

Fortunatus lofM, roan bull calf, bred by F. H. Fawkes; sired
by Lord Marquis (10459; ; dam Fairy Tale by Sir Thos.
Fairfax— Messrs. Vanmeter, Fayette County 2,500

The Count (121'Jl), roan two-year-old, bred by H. Ambler;

sired by 3d Duke of York (9047;— S. Goff, Clark County. 2,500

Senator 2d (1.3687) , white yearling, bred by H. Ambler ; sired
by Senator (8548) ; dam Fair Frances by Sir Thomas
Fairfax (510(5)— Allen & Curd, Fayette County 2,000

Belleville 3d (14150), roan yearling, bred by Mason Hopper;

sired by Belleville ((5778) -G.W. Sutton, Fayette County 1,500

Fusileer (11499), roan two-year-old, bred by T. Bell; sired

by Grand Duke ( 10284 1 — R. W. Scott, Franklin County . . 1,400

Yorkshire Maynard (14043), roan yearling, bred by A. L.
Maynard ; sired by Lord George ( 10443 1— Robert S. Tay-
lor, Clark County 1,000

cows AXD HEIFERS.

Mazurka, red-roan yearling, bred by W. Smith, sired by the

Booth bull Harbinger (10297), in calf to Orontes 2d— R.

A. Alexander, "Woodford County $3,050

Maid of Melrose, roan yearling, bred bj- F. H. Fawkes, sired

by Lord Marquis (10459)— R. A. Alexander 2,200

Goodness, red, calved in 1847; bred by Mr. Hall, legatee of

Earl Spencer; sired by Orontes (4G23)— G. W. Sutton. . . 2,035
Lady Caroline, roan two-year-old, bred by Mr. Sjiearman,

sired by Newtonian (14991 )-B. J. Clay. Bourlxin County 1,825
Lady Stanhope, roan, calved in 1H47, bred by A. L. Maynard,

sired by Earl Stanhope (59GGi— B. J. Clay, Bourbon

County 1,500

Lady Fairy, red, calved in 1848. bred by F. H. Fawkes, sired

by Laudable (9282 » out of Fairy Talo, the dam of imp.

Fortunatus— Dr. Breckinridge and B. & W. Warfield.

Fayette County 1,100

Orphan Noll, roan yearling, bred by J. S. Tanqueray, sired

by Ruby (l(>7t'.0) : dam of the Gwynue family— J. A. Gano,

Bourbon County 1,000

Equity, vod yearling, brt^d by .Tohn Booth, .sirtvl by I»rd

George (1043«J)— K. A. Alcxaudor, WiK>dford County 1,000

256 A HISTORY OF SHORT-HORN CATTLE.

Roan Duchess, roan three-year-old, bred by Mr. Wetherell,
sired by Whittington (12299)— W. H. Brand, Fayette
County 900

Duchess of Sutherland, red two-year-old, bred by H. Ambler,

sired bv Captain Edwards (8929)— W. H. Brand 900

Gem, roan two-year-old, bred by H. Ambler, sired by Broker
(9993) ; dam the Booth cow Gulnare (bred by Mr.
Fawkes) by Norfolk (2377)— S. Vanmeter and T. L. Cun-
ningham 825

Flattery, white yeai-ling, bred by Earl Ducie, sired by 4th

Duke of York (10167)— W. R. Duncan, Clark County .... 815

Necklace, roan yearling, bred by Col. Towneley, sired by

Duke of Athol (10150) -Henry Clay Jr., Bourbon County 805

Bracelet, roan twin-sister to Necklace above — M. M. Clay,

Bourbon County 750

Mufldn, roan yearling, bred hy Earl Ducie, sired by Usurer

(9763)— W. A. Smith, Scott County 535

10 bulls sold for 139.305 ; an average of 12,930.50

15 females sold for 19,230; an average of 1,282.00

25 animals sold for 48,535 ; an average of 1,941.40

The ten bulls cost in England about $5,570
and fetched nearly $30,000. The females cost
about $5,920 on the other side and brought
nearly $20,000. The cattle were well chosen,
fell for the most ]3art into good hands and
were important factors in subsequent Ken-
tucky Short-horn history. The high-priced
bull Diamond proved impotent. Young Chil-
ton, Challenger and Orontes 2d were, in the
order named, remarkable stock-getters. It is
worthy of note in this connection that Young
Chilton's sire, Chilton (10054), was a white bull
got by the "never-beaten" show bull Belleville
(6778) out of one of that bull's own daughters.
Belleville (see foot-note page 107) was the bull

SECOND I'KRIOD OF ACTIVITY. 2-J7

that Mr. Bates so persistently decried. As one
of tlio best sires ever nsod in Kentucky carried
a double cross of tlie Belleville blood, the infal-
libility of Mr. Bates' judgment is not in this
case apparent. In point of indivi<lual meiit
YouniL^ Chilton also headed this remarkable list
of bulls, Orontes 2d standing second and Chal-
lenger third. As a sire, however, the latter,
in the hands of Messrs. Van meter, surpassed
the work of Orontes 2d at Woodburn. Sen-
ator 2d, Fortunatus and Yorkshire Maynard
produced no extraordinary stock. Of the cows
of this memorable im}>()rtation it is only neces-
sary to say that the descendants of Goodness
in the hands of George M. Bedford, of Mazurka
in the hands of Mr. Alexander, of Gem in
the herd of William Warfield. of Roan Duch-
ess and Oi'plum Nell in many different herds,
and of Lady Caroline at C. M. Clay's, demon-
strated the fact that the original selections
were made with rare judgment and that their
progeny was handled with uncommon skill.

Scott Co. (Ky.) Importing Co. —Near the
close of the year iS.^i a couipany was organ-
ized in Scott Co., Ky., and Alessrs. W. Crockett
and Jauies Bagg, as agents, proceeded to Eng-
laiiil iiiid purchased seven females and five
bidls. whicli wrrc sold at juu'tiou Jan. !<>. 1S.')4.
at the fanu of Mr. M. H. Wrbb. liududed in
tins lot wi'ie the bulls Baron Fevei*sham

17

258 A HISTORY OF SHORT-HORN CATTLE.

13414, a roan two-year-old bought at the sale
by C. Estill of Madison County at the top price
of $1,525; the bull Pathfinder 805, a roan year-
ling, taken by Messrs. Webb & Ford of Scott
County at $860, and the cows Venus by Fair
Eclipse (11456), sold to J. Hill of Bourbon
County at $710, and Carnation by Budget
22265, bought by C. W. Innes, Fayette County,
at $610. The entire lot brought $7,535, an av-
erage of $685.

In 1854 the same parties who had been inter-
ested in the Scott County Co. organized again
under the name of the Kentucky Importing Co.
and sent Messrs. Wesley Warnock and James
Bagg to England for a second lot of cattle.
They purchased six bulls and fifteen cows and
heifers that were placed upon the farm of C.
W. Innes, near Lexington, and in October, 1854,
five of the bulls and fourteen of the females
were sold at auction, the former averaging
$994 and the latter $390. This sale was mem-
orable from the fact that Mr. R. A. Alexander,
whose extensive operations are shortly to be
noticed, paid $3,500 for the roan two-year-old
bull Sirius (13737), bred by E. Ackroyd; sired
by Concord (11302) out of a daughter of Mr.
Faw'kes' Fairy Tale, that w^as also the dam of
Fortunatus 1564. The next highest-priced bull
was the roan yearling MacGregor 675 — also of
Fawkes' breeding — that was taken by John

SECOND PERIOD OF ACTIVITY. 259

Hill at $000. The top price for cows was S0.50.
paid by Mr. R. A. Alexander for the roan two-
year-old Bessie Howard, and $600 paid by the
same buyer for Lizzie, by Marquis of Carrabas
(11789), both Dred Ijy Mr. Fawkes. From the
cow Matilda, by \ illieis (13909)— sold to vS. Cor-
bin of Bourbon County for $205 — descended the
celebrated show heifer Fannie Forrester.

Clinton Co. (0.) Association. — An organiza-
tion formed in Clinton Co., 0., in 1854 sent as
its agents Messrs. H. H. Hankins, J. G. Coulter
and A. R. Seymour, who bought and imported
seventeen cows and heifers and ten bulls, that
were sold Aug. 9 of that year at Wilmington,
Clinton County, at an average of $1,037 for the
bulls and. $049 for the females. The top price
for females was $1,075, paid by Al. B. ^\'right
and William Palmer, Fayette Co., 0., for the
roan cow Duchess, by Norfolk (9442). The roan
cow Princess, by Lord Newton, was taken by
Hadley<fc Hankins of I'linton County at $1.00(1:
the white cow Hope, by Duke of York (6947).
fell to the bidding of William Palmer at $1.0(Mi.
and the roan Victoria, sold without jiedigree.
l)r()ught from jNlr. Peringer a like sum. Of this
importation also was tiie cow Lady .lane, by
Whittington, a red of Wt^therell's breeding,
bought by Davitl Watson, Madison County, for
$500. Slie left numerous descendants. Another
cow to which some of oui* AintMican pedigrees

260 A HISTORY OF SHORT-HORN CATTLE.

trace was also in this shipment — Miss Shaftoc,
a red by Captain Shaftoe (6833), bred by W-
Smith, purchased at this sale by Jesse Starbuck
at $650. We should also mention Louisa, a
roan by Crusader, taken by J. R. Mills, Clinton
County, at $300. The bull Wellington (13989),
a roan two-year-old, bred by R. Lawson, com-
manded the great price of $3,700 from Messrs.
Coulter, Hankins and others. The white two-
year-old bull Billy Harrison 263, out of the
$1,675 Duchess by Norfolk, was taken by Jesse
Starbuck of Clinton County at $1,500. The
four-year-old roan Warrior (12287), bred by
Richard Booth, sired by Water King (11034)
out of Bagatelle by Buckingham, went to B.
Hinkson and H. H. Hankins at $1,200.

Clark Co. (0.) Co.— The last of the importing
companies organized in the State of Ohio was
formed in Clark County in 1854. Dr. Arthur
Watts of Chillicothe and Alexander Waddle of
South Charleston were sent abroad to make the
selection and purchased twenty cows and heif-
ers and nine bulls that were divided by auction
sale Sept. 6, 1854. This importation included
some very valuable cattle, some of the most
noted of which are listed herewith, together
with a few facts of interest :

New Year's Day (13388) , sold at this sale as a roan yearling,
was bred by Lee Norman and sired by Magnet (11765) out of Moss
Rose by Killerby (7122). He was bought by C. M. Clark of Clark
County for $3,500. Before importation he won a first prize at the
Royal Dublin Show of 1853. He was extensively exhibited through-

RECOM) I'KKJr)]) OF ACTIVITY. 201

out the West, and was doubtless the best show bull of his day.
His first appearance was at the United States Cattle Show held
at Springfield, O , in the fall of 1854. This was a ^eat event and
the scene of a memorable contest between Kentucky and Ohio
bred Short-horns. The big lifrht roan Kentucky show bull Perfec-
tion 810, belonging to the Louan family; Mr. Bedford's famous
Laura and Abram Renick's Rose of Sharon cow Duchess, by Buena
Vista, were among the "cracks" present from south of the river,
but imp. Duchess, by Norfolk, gained for Ohio premier honors
among the cows shown. The Kentuckians were fairly cai>-
tivated by the young imp. New Year's Day, and after a consulta-
tion in which Abram Renick participated they made an earnest
effort to buy him at a considerable advance, but without success.
New Year's Day won at all the leading shows, and when qui'.e ad-
vanced in years was taken West and won prizes at exhibitions
held at St. Louis and Chicago. ^Vliile he did not have any special
opportunities as a sire he begot, among other choice cattle, the
famous Lady of Clark out of the Miss Wiley cow Anna Hunt, that
Ml". Clark had bought in Kentucky. Lady of Clark was afterward
sold to go to Illinois. Flora Belle, bred by R. G. Corwin from imp.
Scottish Bluebell, was another daughter of New Year's Day that
acquired celebrity in the show-ring.

Medalist (i:};?'i4), a white j'earling bull, was, we believe, the first
representative of William Torr's breeding brought to America.
He was sired by Mr. Booth's celebrated Crown Prince (10087), and
was a bull of fine substance and extraordinary spring of rib, deeply
covered with flesh. He was purchased at the sale by Dr. Watts
for 12,100 and afterward sold to Harness Renick. Sora:> of the
noted show animals exhibited by Mr. Anderson belonging to his
Matilda and Rose of Sharon families carried a Medalist cross.

Czar 395, a roan yearling got by Baron Warlaby (TS13). was
taken by A. J. Paige of Clark County at ?1,'.XX). He was not a
largo bull, but showed the fleshy character of his Booth ancestors
and left much good stock, iiichiding the beautiful heifers Darling,
out of imp. Dahlia, and Delightful, fi*om imp. Aylesby I.~idy.

Buckingham 2tl lit)?— also of the Booth blood— broi'ght fl,000.
Ho was bought by William D. Pierce of Clark County, and al-
though highly esteemed for his individual merit was not given
much chance as a stock bull iu the hands of Mr. Pierce, who was
a very iwor keeper.

The toji price among the females of this im|x>rtation was f 1,425,
made by the roan Torr-Bodth cow Aylesby I>.idy. by Barv>n War-
laby (7813). She was boujrht by A. J. Paige and was ea,sily one of

262 A HISTORY OP SHORT-HORN CATTLE.

the best cows of her time in this country. She was exceptionally
broad, deep and compact, carried a great wealth of flesh, was neat
in her bone and a capital milker. She was shown with success at
the Ohio fairs and produced several good calves, including De-
lightful already mentioned.

Roman 13th, a roan cow bred by Mr. Wilkinson and sired by
Will Honeycomb (5660) , possessed great scale and commanded the
next highest price — fl,.500 — from Jacob Pierce. She produced the
bull Champion, by New Year's Day, that won sweepstakes at the
Ohio State Fair of 1858 as best bull of any age or breed, being at
that time only eighteen months old.

Easter Day, a roan yearling heifer bred by Mr. Fawkes and
sired by Lord Marquis (10459), was a low, thick-set, squarely-
built cow that was also very successful at the shows, but not a
good milker. She was bought at the sale by C. M. Clark at $1,125.

Dahlia, a red cow by Upstart (9700) , was taken by A. J. Paige of
Clark County at $1 , 100.

Zealous, a roan cow bred by Mr. Wilkinson belonging to a
Mason family, went to Alexander Waddle at $1,000. In symmetry
of form, quality of hide, hair and flesh this cow was extraordi-
nary. She had an abundance of long, soft hair, possessed great
refinement of character and was an excellent dairy cow. Siie was
one of several head bought by'the agents of the company at a pub-
lic sale made by Mr. Wilkinson, this being the first selection made
from that fine old herd for America.

Lavender 3d and Lancaster 17th — heifers from Mr. Wilkinson's
— are of special interest in this connection on account of the fact
that they were the earliest representatives in America of a family
which afterward acquired celebrity in the hands of Amos Cruick-
shank, and through the exhibition in the West of imp. Baron
Booth of Lancaster. Lavender 3d was considered a very valu-
able heifer and was bought at this sale by Dr. Watts, for 1600, and
was afterward sold to Walter A. Dun of Madison County. Lan-
caster 17th was sold to W. D. Pierce at $900.

The nine bulls sold for $10,700, an average of
$1,188.88, and the twenty females for $13,215,
an average of $660.75.

From a consideration of the results obtained
in Ohio, Kentucky and other Western States
by the use of the blood introduced by the vari-

SECOND PEIIIOD OF ACTIVITY. 203

ous Ohio companies, it must bo conceded that
America owes a histiii<^ del^t of gratitude to the
enterprising men wlio in these early days, actu-
ated largely by a pure desire to benefit the ag-
ricultural community, tmnsferred at great cost
to themselves so many valuable Short-horns
from Great liritain to the AV'est.

R. A. Alexander of Woodburn. — No name in
American Sliort-horn liist<n'y is more revered
than that of Robert Aitcheson Alexander.
Manifesting a deep interest in cattle-l»i-eeding,
contemporaneous with Mr. Thorne of New
York, Mr. Alexander's operations were on a
still more extensive scale than those at Thorn-
dale, already noted. Moreover they had the
additional advantage of being carried on in a
community that appreciated to the utmost the
extraordinary opportunities offered l)y the es-
tablishment of such a herd. As the proprietor
of the princely estate of Woodburn, Woodford
Co., Ky. — a short distance west of Lexington,
the "blue-grass" capital -Mr. Alexander, with
chaiucteristic Scottish thrift, had brought his
magnificent farm into a high state of fertility.
Stone walls and stone stabling gave an air of
solidity to tlie snrroundings. Th(^ far-famed
liolhiansof his native land afToi'dcd no rural
scenes so fair as those presented by tiie wood-
land pastnrt»s of this **old Kentucky iiome."
Naught was wanting to add grace and value to

T^

264 A HISTORY OF SHORT-HORN CATTLE.

the great estate but worthy tenants for its lux-
urious fields.

During the winter of 1852-53 Mr. Alexander
and his brother, A. J., visited Great Britain.
The now rapidly reviving interest in cattle-
breeding in America had not escaped his no-
tice, and it was determined upon the occasion
of this visit to the motherland to lay the foun-
dation for a great herd of Short-horns at Wood-
burn."" In the selection of the stock, aggregat-
ing about sixty-eight head of cows and heifers
and some fifteen head of bulls, Mr. Alexander
early gave evidence of his intention to give
American cattle-breeders the benefit of a wide
range of choice as between the diiferent noted
strains of blood then prominent in Great Britain.
This phase of Mr. Alexander's character has been
well commented upon by Mr. Warfield in the
following language:

"No importations ever made to America have been of more
value to this county than those of Mr. Alexander, and perhaps no
man in America has done more for the cultivation of pure-bred
stock than did the late Robert Aitcheson Alexander, whether we
speak of the Thoroughbred racer or the more sturdy trotter, or of
Short-horn, Ayrshire or Alderney cattle, or of Cotswold or South-
down sheep. He had an eye for the beauties in each and all. Pos-
sessed of a large estate he used it unsparingly in the cultivation
of the best quality of stock. Possessed of the power that comes

* Woodburn Farm afterward became qmte as noted for its rare collec-
tion of Thoroug-hbred and trotting^ horses as for its Short-horns. It was
the home of the great four-mile racer Lexing-ton, and in later years, after
the property had passed into the hands of A.J. Alexander, the farm, imder
the manag'ement of Mr. Lucas Brodhead, achieved world-wide fame as a
nursery of great performers on the trotting turf. Jersey cattle and Cots-
wold and Southdown sheep were also bred.

SECOND PERIOD OF ACTIVITY. 2fi5

from great wealth he wielded it all in the support of the best in-
terest of the community. Able to command any blood in Short-
horns he insisted on having the best. Familiar with pedigrees
and knowing what was j/ood and what was bad he honestly ap-
plied right principles to the end. Consequently he was carried ofl
into no crochets and gave no particular strain the sole benefit of
his great intluoncc, holding it up to the public gaze as the true and
only pure blocd. On the contrary, few herds have ever been
founded on a more varied basis, arid few breeders have ever been
so catholic in their tastes. Pure Booth, pure Bates, Knightley,
Mason, Wiley, Whitaker, 'Seventeen,' every strain nearly that
has ever been known on the contiaent, had a place in his herd and
affections. The consequence was the gathering together of a herd
that in its prime had certainly no e<^iual on this side of the water,
and pcrhai)s as certainly none on the other. All of pood sterling
worth and fancy, so long as fancy did not conflict with worth, that
money would gather together was to be seen on his farm at Wood-
burn. Knowing what was good, when he found it in other blood
than what was represented in his herd, instead of claiming it to
be impure he purchased it and incorjwrated it with what he already
had. Thus he sot an cxamjile of catholic ai)preciation which it
would do us of this day good to follow more closely.*'

First of the Airdrie Duchesses. — Visiting
the lending lierd:^ of Britain ho liouglit, iiniong
other valuable animals, the two-year-old roan
heifer Diirhess of Athol and hov half-hrother.
the yearling red-roan bull 2d Duke of Athol
(11370), both bred by Col. Townoley, at 500
guineas for tiu^ pair. It may be remarked in
[):issing that on tiiis same trip the hoifor Ma-
zurka, olTored at lOd guinoa.s was declined and
left behind, only to be Ixuight at the Kentucky
Importing Co.'s sale the following year at
$:lOr)(). The 2d Duke and the Athol Thiche.«^s
had been ]»rodurod at Towncley by Duclje.*^
54th, that was taken at the Kirkiovington dis-

266 A HISTORY OF SHORT-HORN CATTLE.

persion by Mr. Eastwood at £94 10s. Colonel
Towneley had bred Duchess 54th to the Booth
bull Lord George (10439), a white bred by John
Booth at Killerby from Fitz-Leonard (7010)
and the famous Toy cow Birthday, daughter
of the celebrated Bracelet. Mr. Alexander
was not one of those who insisted upon strict
breeding "in line." He liked the yearling
that resulted from this "outcross" — 2d Duke
of Athol — and bought him, but the young Duch-
ess and 2d Duke were left for a time in Eng-
land. To a service by the 2d Duke of Athol
or Valiant (10989) Duchess of Athol produced
Duchess of Airdrie — so called from the Alex-
ander family estate at Airdrie House, Scotland
— the first of the line of that name destined to
play a remarkable role in American Short-horn
history. Duchess of Athol was then bred to
the Duke of Gloster (113S2), that had been
bought at Lord Ducie's sale in 1853 by Morris
& Becar for $3,350, with the understanding
that he was to be left in England one year
before being shipped to America; the progeny
this time being the red -and -white bull calf
registered and afterward famous throughout
the Western States as imp. Duke of Airdrie
(12730).

The Alexander importation of July, 1853.
— The first lot consigned for Woodburn in-
cluded thirty-six females and five bulls, which

SECOND PERIOD OF A("II\ITY. 267

were forwardecl liy the same ve.'^sel that earned
the valuable purchases of the Northern Ken-
tucky Co. in 1853. Few cargoes of greater ul-
timate value have ever been discharged upon
American shores than that landed after this
voyage by the good ship Washington, under
the command of Capt. Duncan. Hundreds of
herds of pedigreed Short-horns and thousands
of the best bullocks ever bred in the Ohio and
Mississippi Valleys in after years owed their
excellence in a large measure to the valuable
])lood introduced into the West as a result of
the two consignments brought l)y this vessel.
Among the animals in this initial shipment
for Woodburn was the red-und-white cow Miss
Hudson — bred l)y Wiley of Brandsby — l)el<)ng-
ing to a tri])e originated b}^ Mason of Chilton.
Several of her daughters were also bought b\*
Mr. Alexander, and from this foundation sprang
tlie l\[iss Wih\v and Loudon Duchess families
afterward so famous in Kentucky, Ohio and the
West. Other cows included in this consign-
ment were the Bell-Bates Filbert, a roan by 2d
cnevoland Lad; .lubilee. Jubilee 2d. Joyful and
Juniata of the "J"' Princess family, all bred
by Mr. Tan(iueray; Miss Towndcy. mainly of
l''a\vk(\s l)lood; Maid Marion. Beatrice. Sweet
Mary, Buttercup. Nightingale and (irisi. by
(rrand Duke, of itolden's breeding. Among the
bulls were Lord John (ll'JTM. a roan by Nor-

268 A HISTORY OF SHORT-HORN CATTLE.

folk (9442),* and Fantichini (12862), bred by
Fawkes and tracing to Fair Sovereign, by Sir
Thomas Fairfax.

Subsequent shipments to Woodburn Farm.
—During the years immediately following Mr.
Alexander purchased and imported thirty-two
head of cow^s, heifers and bulls from first-class
English herds, bringing out along with them
Duchess of Athol and her daughter. Duchess of
Airdrie, and son, Duke of Airdrie already men-
tioned. Also such cows as Pearlette, red-and-
white, bred by S. E. Bolden, sired by the famous
Booth bull Benedict (7828); Victoria 20th, a roan
belonging to the Mason blood; Filigree, a white
heifer, bred by Mr. Saunders and sired by Abram
Parker (9856), of Booth descent; Lady Gulnare,
bred by Ambler from Mr. Fawkes' Booth cow
Gulnare by Norfolk (2377); Minna, Constance
and Rosabella, all bred by Mr. Fawkes and all
sired by Bridegroom (11203); Lady Derby and
her dam, the Bell-Bates cow Forget-me-not;
Lydia Languish, by Duke of Gloster (11382);
Vellum, bred by Sir C. Tempest, sired by Abram
Parker (9856); Lady Barrington 13th, bred by
R. Bell from 4th Duke of York (10167); Abigail,
sired by Loyalist (10479), and Minerva 3d, a red

* This Norfolk should not be confused with Norfolk (23T7), that has been
so frequently mentioned. He was not only the sire of Mr. Alexander's
Lord John but of the great roan cow Duchess, imported by the Clinton Co.
(O.) Co. in 1854. that was first-prize female at the United States Cattle Show
at Springfield. O.. that year.

SECOND PERIOD OF ACTIVITY. 269

G Wynne cow, and her roan heifer Lady Sher-
wood, by 5th Duke of York.

In addition to the Bates bulls 2d Duke of
Athol and Duke of Airdrie Mr. Alexander im-
ported the Booth-bred Dr. Buckin^liam (14400),
bred by Ambler, sired by Hopewell (103o2j; El
Hakim (15984), a red-roan bred by Bolden from
the Duchess bull Grand Duke (10284) and the
Booth cow Fame, 1)y Rasi)berry; The Priest
(024()j, a i-oan sired by The Prior (13870) out of
the Mason-bred cow Graceful 2d by Earl of
Dublin (10178); Baron Martin (12444), roan,
bred by Holmes of Ireland, sired by the Booth
bull Baron Warlaby (7813) out of a Mason Vic-
toria dam; and several others.

As will appear from the reports of the sales
made by the Noiihern Kentucky and Scott
County companies, Mr. Alexander added to his
own extensive importations, by purchase, the
grand cows Mazurka, ]\Iaid of Melrose and
Equity and such bulls as Orontes 2d and Sinus.
After breeding from this extraordinary array
of cattle for several years the Woodbmii licrd
nuni1)ered something like 200 head and was
beyond all question the best collection of Short-
horns then in North America. Indeed it is doubt-
ful if its su])erior, size considered, existed at that
time in (Mtlier Engl;ind or tlie Fuited States.
'Vho leading Kentucky bived(M-s of tliat period
were not slow to take advantage of this valu-

270 A HISTORY OF SHORT-HORN CATTLE.

able material, and in a subsequent chapter we
shall have occasion to point out the far-reach-
ing effects of Mr. Alexanders importations*
upon Short-horn breeding in the Western
States for a long series of years.

Importations by the Shakers. — In 1854 and
1856 the society of Shakers at Union Village,
Warren Co., 0., imported about eighteen cows
and heifers and eight young bulls, most of which
were from the fine old herd of James Douglas
of Athelstaneford, Scotland. Among the cows
were April Morn,yiolante (with white heifer Ata-
lanta). Marchioness, Margaret, Duchess, Blanche
(with white heifer Lady Blanche), Farewell,
Bellevue and Heroine, all from the Douglas
herd. Of Mark Stewart's (of Southwick) breed-
ing was Hawthorne Blossom, and from Mr.
Hutchinson's stock they obtained the roan
Prize Flower, by Prince Charlie (13503). From
Mr. Douglas they also bought the bulls Captain
Balco (12546), Morning Star (14962), King of
Trumps (14767), Chancellor (12579), Hearts of
Oak (14684), Duke of Southwick (14455), and
Hawthorne Hero (14682).

In 1854 the Shakers of Pleasant Hill, Ky.,

* Mr. Ben F. Vanmeter, who afterward became a prominent breeder in
Kentucky, in the course of a recent letter to the author says : "I came home
across the Atlantic with Mr. R. A. Alexander in 1853 just before he made
his Qr.st importation of blooded stock. He and I were the only two South-
ern men on board, and althoug-h I was then only nineteen years old a friend-
ship sprang up between us which continued to the end of his life. I con-
sider that he was the greatest benefactor the blooded-stock interest has
ever had in America."

SECOND PERIOD OF ACTIVITY. 271

imported the bull Duke of Cambridge 447.
They had many years previously bought, in
connection with lion. Henry Clay, for S1,00(J
the imported bull Orozimbo 786, and also bought
cows imported ])y ]\lr. (lamltcl, ria NewOi-leans.

James S. Matson (Kentucky). — In 1852 J. S.
Matsoii of Paris, Ky., imported the roan two-
year-old l)u]l John o' Gaunt (11021), bred by J.
S. Tan(pieray, and the roan yearling Javelin
(IIGIO) of Lord Hill's breeding. The foimer
was used on some of the best cows in the State,
including a number of Al)rarn Renick's.

Wilson & Seawright (Ohio). — In 1854 Messrs.
\\'ils()H iSc Seawright of Cincinnati, 0., imported
the l)ulls Fair Trader 1545, Lord Eglinton 1795,
Deceiver 409, Locomotive 646, Benjamin Dis-
raeli 1251, and heifers Gaudy, White Stockings,
Margaret and Isidora. This same firm subse-
(juently imported four other heifers, two of
which were named White Rose ())oth white),
one Fanny with lieifer calf, and a foui-th the
roan Lain*a. The two White l»os(>s and Laura
were lu'cd in Indand.

Mason and Bracken (Kentucky) Associa-
tion. In the year ls5(> a gi'oup of Kfiiiucky
ItiiMMJers organized a company under tlie nann'»
of the Mason and Ihackcn ('oinities iin|ioi'ting
Co, Their purchasing ag(Mits were Messrs. Al-
exander l\ Mai'sliall and Ib^ny Smoot. the
imi)orta<it>n l)eing landetl at riiiladelphia in

272 A HISTORY OF SHORT-HORN CATTLE.

June of that year. It included sixteen cows
and heifers and five bulls. No sale was made
by this company until Oct. 1, 1859, after the
financial crisis of 1857 had swept values away,
and we are without details as to prices ob-
tained. They were doubtless low. Among the
females were the following: Duenna, roan two-
year-old, bred by Mr. Bolden and belonging to
a Bell-Bates family; Diana, roan two-year-old,
sold to J. E. French, Mason Co., Ky. ; Alice, red-
and-white two-year-old, sired by Harbinger
(10297), sold to J. C. Humphrey; Light of the
Harem, roan two-year-old, bred by Mr. Fawkes,
sold to B. Jameson; Lady Macbeth, tw^o-year-
old, bred by Mr. Fawkes, sold to H. Smoot;
Jennie Deans, roan two-year-old, bred in Ire-
land, sold to Messrs. Durrett. Among the bulls
were: Macbeth (13266), a roan, bred by Mr.
Fawkes, sired by Bridegroom (11203); Vatican
12260, a roan, bred by Earl Ducie and sired by
Usurer (9763); Blandimar 19044, a roan, bred
by Sir Charles Knightley, sired by Earl of Dub-
lin (10178) and belonging to the Fawsley Wal-
nut tribe. The importation did not leave any
special impress upon Kentucky Short-horn
breeding,

Livingston Co. (N. Y.) Association. — A num-
ber of well-to-do farmers and cattle-breeders
in the Genesee Valley of New York formed a
company in 1854 known as the "Livingston

SECOND PERIOD OF AOTIVITY. 278

County Stock Association," and through their
agents, Messrs. David Brooks and 8. L. Fuller,
purchased in England twenty-four Sliort-horns.
Unfortunately one-half of these were lost dur-
ing a storm at sea. Among the surviving ani-
mals were the bulls Governor 2922, Usurper
3522 and Bletsoe 2048, and the cows Music, a
roan of the Gwynne family bred by Mr. Tan-
queray, sired by Balco (991S); Hopeless, re«l-
and-white, sired by Horatio (1033o); Lady El-
lington, red, sired by Broughton Hero (GSllj;
Medora, also a Gwynne, by Horatio (1033.">);
Phoenix 2d, red-roan, by Horatio (10335); Aus-
tralia, red -and -white, by Lord Foppingt<jn
(10437), and Camilla, red-roan Gwynne of Tan-
queray's' breeding, sired by Fusileer (114U0).
Several of these cows passed into the posses-
sion of Gen. James S. Wadsworth of Geneseo
and left a valuable progen3\ Soon after this
importation was made the bull Governor 2U22
was sent out to tlie same parties.

Thomas Richardson (New York). — • About
the year 1854 Thomas Richardson of New York
City imported some Short-horns along with
other live stock, among them tlio Duke of
Canil)ri(lgo (1274(5) and the Booth-bred cows
Bijou, by Crown Prince (10087) ; Fanella, by
Baron Warlaby (7S13); Fanny Warlal\v. )\v
same sins Harmony, by Crown Prince; Haclitd.
by Hoi)ewtdl (1(I332), together with Laura, by

274 A HISTORY OF SHORT-HORN CATTLE.

Hector (13002), and Lad}^ Constance, by Lord
Derby (13179). Three of the Booth cows were
bred by Mr. R. Chaloner, Kings Fort, Ireland,
and one by Mr. Torr. These were kept on Mr.
Richardson's farm at Westchester, the herd
being sold soon after his death, which occurred
a few j^ears after the arrival of the importa-
tion.

Dr. H. Wendell (New York).— In 1856 Dr. H.
Wendell of Albany brought out an importation
of four cows and heifers and the bull Lord
Ducie 662 — all bred by R. Bell and crossed by
Bates bulls. The red Craggs cow Alice Maud,
by Grand Duke (10281); the roan Lady Liver-
pool, by 3d Duke of York (10166); the red-and-
white Acomb heifer Agnes, by Earl of Derby
(10177), and the roan two-year-old Famous (of
the Bell-Bates Fletcher tribe), by Earl of Derby
(10177), were in this shipment. Agnes was in
calf to Gen. Canrobert (12926) and dropped the
red-and-white Duchess of Cleveland after im-
portation to that service."''

J. 0. Sheldon (New York).— Sheldon of Ge-
neva, X. Y., who afterward acquired the Thorne
Duchesses, imported in 1857 the roan yearling
Bates Oxford bull Grand Duke of Oxford (16184),
bred by Capt. Gunter from Oxford 11th; the red

•We have neg-lected to list In its proper order the importation of the
red-and-white cow Lucy, by Yoimg- North Star (2384), brought into New
York in 1836 by a Capt. Sproul. This cow was bought by J. S. Berryman of
Fayette Co., Ky., in 1838.

SECOND VVAiM)]) OF AOTIYITY. -/.>

yearling Grand Duke 2d (14640), a//a.s' Claren-
don 2082, bred liy Jonas We])b and afterward
sold to N. Jj. ClialTee of Ohio; and the roan
heifer Miss Butterfly, by Master Butterfly 2d
(141)1S) out of Katafia by King Arthur (18110).

R. F. Nichols (Louisiana). In iSofi Mr. R. F.
Nicliols of ^,'(j\v (Jrluaus imported the two roan
cows Lady Stanhope 2d and Nightingale, both
sired by Whitaker Comet (8771). As to where
they were taken and as to what progeny they
left we are not juUised,

First importations into Indiana. — We have
now to record the first direct importation from
England into the territory w^est of the State of
Ohio. In 1S8S Mr. Chris. Whitehead of Frank-
lin County imported the roan two-year-old Inill
Eryx (11)S2), l)red by Mr. Tempest and got l\v
Brutus (1752) out of Venus by Sir Walter cJOSs):
the cow Young Venus, by Reveller (2.'')29). in calf
to Young Grazier (302U)— the progeny being the
roan bull (Jrazier 4041 -and heifer Strawberry,
by Eryx.

In the year IS."):} I )r. A. C. Stevenson of Green-
castle, Ind.. iiiipoi-ted four heifers and two young
l)ulls, as follows: Bloom, red-and-white, and
\'iolet, roan, both bn>d by dolin Emerson and
both daugiiters of Master Belleville (11 7'.):)):
Miss WelbouiMi, a roau bn^l by Messrs. Weth-
endl, sir(Ml by St. .lolni i277')")l, and Strawberry
5th, red-roan, lued by Mr. Thornton of Staple-

276 A HISTORY OF SHORT-HORN CATTLE.

ton, sired by Deliverance (11347). The bulls
were Prince of Wales 876, a roan of Mr. Weth-
erell's breeding, sired by Whittington (12299),
and the roan Fancy Boy 492, bred by Mr. Thorn-
ton, sired by ^lajor (11771).

An early importation to Wisconsin. — In
1854 Mr. John P. Roe of Waukesha County
brought the first imported Short-horns into
Wisconsin. The lot consisted of three or four
females and a bull, all bred by George Faulkner
of Rothersthorpe. The shipment included the
red cow Sally, by Pilot (24748); the two-year-
old red heifer Raspberry, by Protection (11956);
red yearling heifer Diana, by Dictator (11356),
and red yearling bull Rothersthorpe 928, by
Dictator (11356). Raspberry was in calf to
Rothersthorpe, and dropped the red heifer Re-
gina. (See Vol. IT, A. H. B.)

Illinois Importing Co. — Prominent among
those who settled at an early date upon the
fertile prairies of the State of Illinois were a
class of men, principally from the State of Ken-
tucky, who not only brought good cattle with
them but advanced ideas as to the value of good
blood in the maintenance of their herds. They
found the grasses and grains of Illinois quite as
well adapted to beef-cattle breeding as those of
their native State, and it was not long before
several good herds of Short-horns were estab-
lished. Chief among those who were foremost

SECOND PERIOD OF ACTIVITY. 'I t i

in this pioneer work with Short-horns in tlie
newer West must be mentioned the late ( 'apt.
James N. Brown, wliose majinificent estate of
drove Park in Sangamon County still remains
iu the family and is still devoted largely to
cattle-growing and feeding operations. Capt.
Brown removed from Kentucky in the year
1833 and brought with him some good Short-
ho in s, w h i <-h constituted, we believe, the earl iest
introduction of the breed into tlie Tapper Missis-
sii)pi Valley. Soon after these early settlers
founded their herds, however, the great depres-
sion from 1840 to 1850 settled down upon the
country and slow progress was made in the im-
provement of the Illinois cattle, but with the
revival of interest that occurred in other States
in the fifties the enterprising l)reeders of Cen-
tral Illinois resolved to undertake in earnest
the work of bringing their herds up to the
standard of those that had existed for so many
years in Kentucky and Ohio. Accordingly in
the year IS.")? a syndicate was fornuMl for the
purpose of making a direct importation from
England.

C^ipt. James X. lirown was the nuister-spirit
of this (U'gani/.atiou. and the wludc^ projcx't
would havt^ faile(l had ho not consented to act
as one of the agents for the purchase of the
<'attle on the other side. Messrs. II. C. J<dins
and II. Jacobv were selected to act as his assist-

278 A HISTORY OF SHORT-HORN CATTLE.

ants. They proceeded to Great Britain, and
after careful examination of many of the lead-
ing herds in England, Scotland and Ireland they
purchased ten bulls and twenty-one cows and
heifers. These were shipped on the sailing ves-
sel Georgia, which had a stormy passage of some
sixty days' duration. Three bulls and one heifer
died at sea, but the rest were duly landed at
Philadelphia in July, 1857. Following the prac-
tice of their predecessors in the older States the
stockholders decided to divide up the cattle
through the medium of an auction sale. It was
first agreed, in order that the full benefit of this
importation might accrue to the State of Illi-
nois, to bar all bidders from other States. The
sale was held on the local fair-grounds at Spring-
field Aug. 27, 1857, and attracted widespread in-
terest. There was not only a great attendance
from Illinois but numerous breeders were pres-
ent as spectators from adjacent States. It was a
great event in the early agricultural histor}" of
the West.* It was an exciting day at Spring-

• To Mr. William Brown, son of the late Capt James N. Brown, the
author is indebted foracop.vof the original catalogue of this memorable
sale, the title-page of which reads, "Catalogue of Pure-Blooded Short-
Horned Cattle, also Horses, Sheep and Hogs, owned by the Illinois Import-
ing Association." The horses seem to have consisted of a three-year-old
Cleveland Bay stallion, a two-year-old Thoroughbred stallioa and a black
Thoroughbred mare that imfortunately died before the sale. The sheep
consisted of Cotswolds and Southdowns, the latter mainly from the flock
of Jonas Webb, tlie breeder of the bull King Alfred, to be mentioned. The
swine consisted of Berkshires from the herds of E. Bowly of Siddington,
Hewer of Highworth and others, and of Irish, Cumberland and Yorkshire
piga, all purchased in the Emerald Isle.

SECOND PERIOD OF ACTIVITY. 279

field, and fortunately for the company (but per-
haps unfortunately for the individual buyers at
the sale) the event occurred a few weeks before
the alarming financial panic of 1857 overtook
the business interests of the Nation.

In view of the fact that this was the primal
auction sale- of Short-horns in the Western
country it will be of interest to produce here-
with a full report:

BULLS.

Defender (12687), roan three-year-old; bred by A. Cruick-
shank. Sittyton, and the first bull from that afterward
celebrated herd brought to America ; sired by Matadors
(11800)— A. G. Carle, Champaign County $2,500

Admiral 2473, red two-year-old, bred by Lord Talbot of Ire-
land, sired by Chrisp's Phcenix (lOtJOS) out of the Booth-
crossed cow Maid of Moynalty by Beau of KilLerby (7821 )
— S. Dunlap & Co 2,500

Argus (14102), roan yearling, bred by H. Combe; sired by
Beau (12182) out of Annie by Broughton Hero (6811). a
roan bull illustrated on page 25, Vol. VI, Coates' Herd
Book, sired by Buchan Hero (3238)— George Barnett,
Will County 2,055

King Alfred (14760), red two-year-old, bred by Jonas Webb,
sired by Cheltenham (12588) ; dam Heart's Ease by Lord
of the North (11743)— Brown, Jacoby & Co., Sangamon
County 1.300

Dubloon 3833'^, red yearling; bred by J. Topham, Ireland;

sired by Orphan Boy (13420 >—W. lies, Sangamon County 1,075

Goldfinder 2920'.^, roan bull calf, bred by H. Ambler; sired
by Grand Turk (12969) , that was imjwrted by Mr, Thome
— J. C. Bone, Sangamon County r25

Master Lowndes 3140^j, roan two-year-old, sired by Belle-

rophon (111C5)— J. H. Spears, Menard County T25

^m!f cows AND HEIFERS.

Rachel *!, roan two-yeir-old, bred bj-S. E. Boldcn ; sired by
Duke of Bolton (127:{8), a Bates-topped Booth biul; dam
the Booth-bred Rachel by Leonard (4210), tracing to the
iialnaby foundation— Jas. N. Brown, Sangamon County. i!3.035

280 A HISTORY OF SHORT-HORN CATTLE.

Emerald, roan yearling; bred by T. Barnes, Westland, Ire-
land ; sired by the Booth bull Hopewell (10332) ; dam Ruby
by Royal Buck (10750), running to Mason's Lady Sarah
—J. C. Bone 2,125

Empress, roan two-year-old, bred b}- Edward Bowly of Sid-
dington, sired by Tortvvorth Duke (13892) ; dam Flippant,
by Bourton Hero (9983)— Henry Jacoby 1,725

Western Lady, roan two-year-old, bred by H. Ambler, sired
by Grand Turk (12969)*; dam Wiseton Lady by Humber
(7102), running through Earl Spencer's herd to a Mason
foundation — Capt. James N. Brown 1,325

Lady Harriet, roan three-year-old, bred by A. Cruickshank
and the first Sittyton-bred cow brought to America : sired
by Procurator (10657) . dam Countess of Lincoln by Dia-
mond (5918) ; bulled by Lord Sackville (13249)— J. H.
Jacoby, Sangamon County 1 ,300

Fama, red-and-white yearling, bred by S. E. Bolden, sired
by imp. 2d Grand Duke (10284) and tracing to Booth's
Fame— J. H. Spears & Co., Menard County 1,050

Pomegranate, roan yearling, bred by Rev. T. Cator, sired by
Master Charley (13312) ; dam Cassandra by Norfolk
(9442), a granddaughter of Fawkes' Fair Maid of Athens
by Sir Thomas Fairfax, running to Booth's Isabella by
Pilot— T. Simpkins, Pike County 975

Stella, roan four-year-old, bred by E. Bowly, sired by Snow-
storm (12119)— Mr. Bonnman, St. Clair County 925

Perfection, red yearling, bred by A. Cruickshank, sired by
The Baron (13833), dam Model by Matadore (11800)— E.
B. mil, Scott County 900

Adelaide, roan yearling, bred by A. Cruickshank, sired by
Matadore (11800), dam Edith Fairfax by Sir Thomas
Fairfax (4196)— R. Morrison, Morgan County 825

Minx, red yearling, bred by J. Christy of Ireland, sired by

Lord Spencer (13251)— J. G. Loose, Sangamon County . . 800

Bella, roan five-year-old, bred by E. Bowly, sired by Cali-
fornia (10017)— J. Ogle, St. Clair County 750

Violet, roan yearling, bred by Jonas Webb, sired by Young

Scotland (13681) —Col. J. W. Judy, Menard County 700

Constance, roan two-year-old, bred by E, Bowly, sirai by

Snowstorm (12119)— George Barnett, Will County. . * ^. 700

'Grand Turk was a bull of Immense size, and for a big one quite as
smoothly pnt together as could be expected. He was imported to New
York by the Thornea. See page 24T.

SECOND PERIOD OF ACTIVITY. 281

Cassandra 2d, roan two-year-old, brod by Rev. T. Cater;
sired by Master Charley (li];J12;, tracing to the Booth
cow Medora by Ambo— H. Owsley, Sangamon County. . . 675

Empress Eugenie, rcd-and-white two-year-old. bred by H.
Ambler, sired by Bridegroom (11203;, tracing to the
Cherry by Waterloo foundation — J. Ogle, St, Clair
County 675

Coquette, roan yearling, bred by E. Bowly, sired by Econo-
mist (11425) -George Barnett, Will County 550

Lily, white tv/o-year-old, bred by E. Bowly, sired by Snow-
storm (12119)— George Barnett 550

Caroline, roan four-year-old, bred by Lowndes, sired by Ar-
row (990Gi— J. M. Hill, Cass County 500

Coronation, red yearling, bred by Jonas Webb, sired by Chel-
tenham (12588) — J. A. Pickrell, Sangamon County 500

7 bulls sold for $10,880; an average of fl.554

20 females sold for 20.575 ; an average of 1,038

27 animals sold for 31,455; an average of 1.165

With the single exception of the imported
cow Mazurka, for Avhich ]\Ir. R. A. Alexander
had paid' $3,050 at the Northern Kentucky Im-
porting Co.'ssale, the purchase of Rachel5d I)}'
Capt. Brown at $3,025 represented high-water
mark up to that date for a Short-horn female
at public sale in North America. This cow is
described to us by Col. James W. Judy as "a
rich roan, rather leggy, quite lengthy and some-
what liglit in the bod3^''' Unfortunately for
her buyer she lived but a few years and had no
produce that proved fruitful. Western Lady,
Caroline and Constance were the cows that left
the most and best progeny among all the fe-
males of the importation. In fact, so far as
herd-book records indicate, these three cows
are about the only ones that did found families

282 A HISTORY OF SHORT-HORN CATTLE.

of any consequence. While Emerald was per-
haps the best individual cow sold, Western
Lady w^as easily the most valuable, as subse-
quently demonstrated by the large and excel-
lent tribe she gave to the Western States. Car-
oline was out of condition on day of sale, but
proved to be a good purchase. Among the bulls
King Alfred of Jonas Webb's breeding w^as un-
doubtedly the most valuable although not the
highest-priced. While he was preferred by
some as an individual to any other bull in the
lot, yet a majority of those in attendance re-
garded Admiral and Defender as the two show
bulls of the importation.

Founding of the American Herd Book. —
America w^as practically without a public ped-
igree registry for Short-horn cattle until 1855.
The late Lewis F. Allen of Black Rock, N. Y.,
had, it is true, issued the small initial volume
of the American Herd Book in 184G, but at that
early date few breeders could be found to take
an interest in the project, and the entries w^ere
limited largely to the pedigrees of such stock
as Mr. Allen was personally familiar with — no-
tably animals owaied in New York, Pennsylva-
nia and New England. It was not until the
second volume w^as issued in the autumn of
1855 that the breeders of the West came to the
support of the register. Prior to that time
some of the leading breeders and importers

SECOND PERIOD OK ACTIVri'V. 283

had been content with recording certain of
their animals in the Enghsh Herd Book.
Others maintained, witli more or less accu-
racy, their own private records, showing the
lineage of their stock. Another large class
l^reserved no detailed account of the breeding
of their cattle, or handled their records so loose-
ly as to render them of little value.

It was indeed an appal ling task that con fronted
Mr. Allen at the outset of his undertaking. It
was even a more difficult work than had been
assumed by George Coates in Yorkshire some
thirty years previous. Coates could throw the
saddlebags upon his old white "nag'' and jog
about among the breeders, within a day's jour-
ney, at his convenience. Moreover he had the
powerful influence of Jonas Whitaker at his
back. Mr. Allen had to collect the data of
half a century of breeding in the new world;
the stock lioing mainly in the possession of peo-
ple unaccustomed to the jjieservation of pedi-
gree records. The cattle were in the hands of
a great number of people in widely-separated
States: scattoie<l in fact througiiout an empire
extending from New England to the Central
West.

Mr. Allen had some (pialiHcations for the
work, lb* had Ixhmi breeding Short-horns him-
sell" in a modest way, and enjoyed the personal
acquaintance of a number of Eastern import-

284 A HISTORY OF SHORT-HORN CATTLE.

ers, including such men as Col. Powel, F. M.
Rotch and others. The first volume was issued
during the depression of the '^ forties." In the
meantime, a committee of breeders had been
appointed in Kentucky to investigate and col-
lect the pedigrees of Short-horns bred in that
State. The results of this committee's investi-
gations were not published, but supplied a basis
for further research.

When Mr. Allen undertook the second volume
of the book, after the revival of the "fifties,"
he met wath good encouragement, the book
ultimately appearing in the autumn of 1855
with something like 3,000 pedigrees.* The lead-
ing breeders of the West had joined with those
of the East in placing the work squarely upon
its feet. Pedigrees were forwarded from Ken-
tucky by such men as Edwin G., Benjamin C.
and George M. Bedford; Dr. R,. J. Breckenridge,
0, H, Burbidge; Brutus J., Cassius M., M. M.
and H. Clay Jr.; Silas Corbin, the Messrs. Cun-
ningham, R. T. Dillard, Messrs. Dudley, Jere
and William R. Duncan, J. P. Fisher, John
Allen Gano, the Garrards, James and Reuben
Hutchcraft, C. W. Innes, George W. Johnson,
J. G. Kinnaird, Samuel D. Martin, James S.
Matson, Abrani and James Renick, the Shakers,
the Shropshires, the Vanmeters, Warfields and
others. From Ohio came the pedigrees of the

•This total includes stock recorded as produce under dams.

SECOND PEIilOD OF ACTIVITY. 2S5

cattle of sikIi bi-eeder.s as James R. Anderson,
Iv/ra and Walter 'I\ Carpenter, Ii. (i. Corwin;
.J<jhn G., Walter A. and liol>eit G. Dnii; James
FuUington, John Hadley, II. H. Hankins; Chas.,
David and William Ilarrold; R. Jackson, Wil-
liam Neft", Jacob Pierce; Felix W., (ieorge and
Harness R<Miick; ]\I. L. Snllivant, the Shakers
of Union \'iilage, Allen Trimble and Alexander
Waddle. From the farther W^est pedigrees were
received — indicating that the Short -horns
were gradually working their way toward the
Mississippi River — from such men as Hon. Jolm
Wentworth of Chicago; Capt. James N. Rrown
;ind James D. Smith of Sangamon Co., HI,;
(leoi-ge Barnett of Will Co., HI., and Gen. Sol
Meiodith (■)f Cambridge City, Ind. The East
contributed lai'gely from such herds as those of
Samuel Thorne, S. T. Tjiber, S. V. Chapman.
Messrs. Cowles and Haines of Connecticut, Wil-
liam Ivellyof New York, Paoli Lathrop of ^las-
sachusetts, Jolm R. I'age of New Yoi'k, J. A.
Poole of New J(M-sey,T. I\ Remington of Penn-
sylvania, and J. 'i\ Shcafc, J. M. Sherwood, Lor-
illard Spencer, Ambrose Stevens and others of
N(nv Yoik.

The records set foi'tli in th(\se initial volumes
were not in all cases complete. Fi'i'oi-s and
e\en t"orgeri(>s crept in. but tin' foundation was
laid. (i)uickly recognizing tlie necessity of such
public registration, breeders generally co-oper-

286 A HISTORY OP SHORT-HORN CATTLE.

ated in the work and the herd book soon at-
tained National support. It was continued as
a private enterprise by Mr. Allen until 1883,
when it was purchased by the American Short-
horn Breeders' Association.

CHAPTER XI.

SOME HISTORIC KENTUCKY STOCK.

Thus far our story lias of necessity dealt
mainly with foundation facts. We have
sketched briefly the upbuilding of the breed
in its native land and have now outlined the
importations that formed the basis of breeding
operations in the United States. We pass,
therefore, at this point to a consideration of
the more important results flowing from the
extensive introduction of English blood already
noted.

We have shown that the (ioiigh iV Miller,
Sanders, Powel, Dun autl other early importa-
tions were utilized to the fullest possible extent
in developing cattlo-feotling as a leading indus-
try in the Ohio Valley. The descendants of
those importations were bred before the days
of herd books and "fashions'' purely for the
practical busin(\ss purposes of the farm and
i"(MMl-l()f. As illustrating the al)sence of preju-
dice against ilu» blood of tho older importa-
tions in tlu^ early days, it inaj' b(> mentiimed
that at a sale held by Sanimd Smith in Ken-
tucky Sept. 11, ls:iS, the Mrs. Motto ('Seveii-

A HISTORY OF SHORT-HORN CATTLE.

teen") cow Cleopatra, by Accommodation
(2907), brought $1,230, and her daughter Ellen,
hy the great Powel bull Oliver (23S7), $1,235—
the latter bought by Dillard & Ferguson. The
bull Oliver Keene, only five months old, fetched
$1,000 from William P. Hume. At same sale
Dillard & Ferguson got imp. Adelaide at $1,375,
and imp. Beauty of Wharfdale went for $755.
For imp. Mary Ann and calf Richard Jackson
and B. P. Grey paid $2,100. Evidently the
home-bred stock was as good as the imported.
This fact is also proved by the show-yard rec-
ords of that period.* It is apparent from the
ratings in these competitions that the "Seven-
teens" were of good form and character, and
that the Kentucky breeders had kept pace up
to the time of the Ohio Co.'s operations w^th
the work of their brother-breeders in Britain.

* At the fair at Lexington, September, 1834, the judges— H. Clay, James
Renlck, Jacob Hughes, Isaac Vanmeter and W. P. Hume— certainly very
competent men— assigned the prizes as follows : Aged bulls— "Seventeens"
both first and second ; two-year-olds — "Seventeens" both first and second;
yearlings — "Seventeens" both first and second; bull calves— first to a "Sev-
enteen," second to a Patton. Aged cows — first to imp. Caroline (by Dash-
wood), second to a Powel cow; two-year-olds— "Seventeens" both first and
second; yearlings— "Seventeens" both first and second; calves— "Seven-
teens" first. Dun importation second. In 1835 about the same result was
recorded. The old stock won seven first prizes and six second prizes, the
newly-imported stock one first prize and two seconds. Coming down to
1839, at the Lexington Fair that year the first-prize aged bull came from the
Smith and Dun importation; two-year-old, from the Ohio Co.'s; yearling,
from Dun's; calf, Ohio Co.'s; two-year-old heifer, Ohio Co.'s; yearling,
"Seventeen"; cow calf, "Seventeen." In 1840: Aged bull, Powel; two-
year-old, Ohio Co.; yearling, Ohio Co.; calf, "Seventeen"; aged cow, "Sev-
enteen"; two-year-old, "Seventeen"; yearling, "Seventeen"; calf, "Sev-
enteen." In 1841: Aged bull (late importation), Letton's; two-year-old,
Letton's; yearlings, H. Clay'; aged cows, "Seventeen"; two-year-old, Ohio
Co.; yearling, Letton's; calf. Ohio Co.

SOME HISTORIC KENTUCKY STOCK. 2^9

Such bulls as Mr. Sutton's Frederick 575, Capfc.
Warfielcl's Pioneer 819, Mr. Wasson's Otley
(4682), Mr, Vannieter's Charles Colling 333, Dr.
Kinnaird's Patrick Henry, Capt. Warfield's Oli-
ver (28S7) and Cossack (3503), Cunningham &
Co.'s Goldfinder (2000) and Uv. Renick's Para-
gon of the West (4649) were prominent among
the early prize-winners. Such cows as Dr.
Kinnaird's Olivia, Mr. Dun's Caroline, Mr. Let-
ton's lanthe, ^Ir. Van meter's Hannah More,
Capt. Cunningham's Catherine Turley and Capt.
Warfield's Helen Eyre, Ellen Ware and the
never-beaten Caroline would be a credit to
any modern show-ring. Large numbers of the
prize animals were sired by Oliver, (loldfinder
and Cossack.

With the various shipme'nts of the Ohio Co.,
Vail, Stevens, Morris & Becar. Tliorne, the
Northern- Kentucky Co. and R. A. Alexander,
and the establishment of the herd book, the
question of "caste" was projected into the
trade. Time-honored strains were presently
sneered at by some who had invested in the
blood of the later importations. Bates and his
followers had inoculated some of the American
buyers with the idea of a select Short-horn ar-
istocracy based upon the "only l^loods at all
likely to do anyl)()ily any good**: and the Amer-
ican competition at Ihe Hucie sale, togetlier
with the prices paid by Mr. '''borne for the

290 A HISTORY OF SHORT-HORN CATTLE.

Grand Dukes and the Morris & Becar cattle,
had attracted very general attention to the
Bates- bred sorts.

A new era dawns. — By the time Mr. Alex-
ander brought the first Duchess blood to Wood-
burn the herds of Kentucky had attained a high
degree of excellence. Untrammeled by fash-
ion, prejudice, line breeding and other latter-
day problems the brothers James and Abram
Renick, the Vanmeters, Warfields, Bedfords,
Clays, Jere Duncan, Dr. Breckenridge, and
their contemporaries on both sides of the
Ohio River, had developed their cattle along
practical lines until they would bear favorable
comparison with the parent herds of York and
Durham. They had been free to follow the
dictates of their own individual judgment, re-
gardless of color, blood lines or aught else —
save the one paramount consideration of the
practical utility of their stock. They were sell-
ing breeding animals to go into Ohio, Virginia,
Indiana and Illinois, and with the creation of
the great herd at Woodburn the position of
Kentucky as the center of Short-horn breeding
activity in America was, for the time being,
well assured.

With the advent of Mr. Alexander's Bates
Duchess bull imp. Duke of Airdrie (12730) a
new era may be said to have dawned in West-
ern Short-horn breeding. Notwithstanding the

SOME HISTOiaC KENTLX'KY STOCK. 201

fact that the two highest-priced cpws sold at
auction in America prior to the^'ljivil War —
imp. Mazurka and imp. Kachel 20— were repre-
sentative of Booth blood the cross of the Duke
of Airdrie upon the Kentucky-bred cows proved
so satisfactory that the Bates cattle straight-
way attained a widespread popularity. As the
herds of the Central West— the present seat of
Short-horn power in America — were primarily
founded by purchase, mainly in Kentucky after
the Duke of Airdrie's use, it will be of interest
to note briefly the main facts concerning his
careei",

Duke of Airdrie (12730).— Tt is not too much
to say that this impressive Bates Duchess sire
did more to shape the course of Short-horn
breeding in the West during the twenty yeai-s
following his imi)ortation than any other ani-
mal of that period. It will be remembered
(see pages 266-26S) that Mr. Alexander brought
him to Kentucky in September, 1S55. He was
at that time two years old. He was immedi-
ately put in service in j\Ir. Alexanders mag-
nificent herd of cows and there had an extra-
ordinary opportuuity. In March. ]s:>7. he was
let for a year to (Jeorge M. Bedford of Boiirl)on
Couiiiy, under a contract permitting the bull
to servo Hfty cows, for a net sum of S1.2")0.
Mr. Ah^xander. with his usual geuiMosify. p«^r-
mitted substitutions in cases where cows faile.l

292 A HISTORY OF SHORT-HORN CATTLfi.

to stand, so that nearly fifty calves were se-
cured during the year he was on hire from
Woodburn. His get from the earlier service at
Woodburn proved of extraordinary merit, but
his work while at Mr. Bedford's was even more
remarkable. While in Bourbon County he was
permitted to serve some cows for Abram Ren-
ick and Maj. Jere Duncan, and it was for years
asserted that these services from the Duke of
Airdrie fairly made the reputation of the three
breeders named.

Individually Duke of Airdrie was perhaps not
the equal of his sire, Duke of Gloster (11382),
that was imported l:)y Morris & Becar into New
York. He inherited from the Duke a lot of
quality in addition to long, lev- el hind quarters
and the fault of prominent hips; but, like old
Gloster, he proved a wonderfully successful sire
of good bulls. He was probably not above the
average in size, with a short, well-carried head,
rather strong horns and smoother shoulders
than his sire, with an exceptionally straight and
level top. He would probably be considered at
the present time as rather too high from the
ground, a characteristic, by the way, that has
not been held to be so objectionable by many
of the Kentucky breeders as by their brethren
of the North and West.* He was never kept in

*The late Gen. Sol. Meredith of Indiana once visited Kentucky to see
among' other noted animals the $4,850 bull imp. Challenger (14252), of Ducie's
breeding', a son of the 4th Duke of York (10167), cwned by the Vanmeters

SOME HISTORIC KENTUCKY STOCK. 203

high condition. No portrait was ever made
of him in his prime, l)ut about six months he-
fore his death, when he was very h)W in flesh,
Mr. John R. Page of New York executed an oil
painting of him, from a copy of which the pic-
ture in this vohime has been prepai-od.

George M.Bedford's lease of "The Duke."
— As one of the original demonstrators of tlie
Duke of Airdrie's outstanding value as a sire,
some account of George M. Bedford's career
as a breeder will be of interest. He began
about 1828 with the Long-horns and other
crosses, together with some Patton stock. In
1838 he purchased at Gen. Garrard's sale the
"Seventeen" bull Eclipse, for which he paid
the sum of $GS8.* In 1842 Mr. Bedford ac-
quired an interest in the cow Rosabella, out of
imp. Rose by Skipton, which, bred to Sir Al-
fred 969 (he by Rose of Sharon's only son Par-

and Cunnlnirham. The Gonoral was perhaps the tallest bree<ler of Short-
horns north of the Ohio River at this lime. On visiting the stalls the own-
ers were not present, but the herilsniaii li'tl out Ghallenj-'er for the bUr
"Hoosler'B" examlnaiiou. While thuseujragiHl one of the Vaumeters, who
himself was perhaps over six feet tall, came up and patiently waiting till
the General vas tliroui^h and had ordered the bull b.aek to his stall ai>-
proachetl and said: " \V«"11, stranper, you have plven him a close look:
what do you think of him'; '" The Gi'ueral had admirt-d the bull In many of
his points, and after mentlonliiK' these concliideil by si-.ylnir that he thuiiirht
the bull was " rather too hlirli from the prouiid.' Mr Vanmetor, looklnjr up
at the towerliifT Indtaiilan, said: " Well. sir. I think you are the last man on
the pround that should find that objection to the bull."

*Af this same sale Tlon. n J Clay and Mr Iliitehoraft paid fl.ion for the
bull Kxcepilon (.'5T4i!), which Mr. Bwlford consWIered the l>»<at "S«>vonteen""
he ever saw. Indeixl. in>on Iv-lnir asked in his iMi-r ye;ir» how Exception
wotild conip;ir.> with the N^it Short-lioms of the pn»Sf>nt. ho answered:
"Well, sir, 1 should have to e;ill liun a pood bull oven now "

294 A HISTORY OF SHORT-HORN CATTLE.

agon of the West out of a daughter of Mr.
Dun's imp. Red Rose bj^ Ernesty), produced
the prolific white heifer California, from which,
by the use of such bulls as D'Otley 432, King
Cyrus 609, etc., Mr. Bedford bred his afterward
celebrated family of Brides. About 1853 he
bought three females descended from Abram
Renick's imp. Harriet; and about the same
time, in connection with Messrs. Clay and Dun-
can, purchased the imported bull Diamond at
the Northern Kentucky Co.'s sale at $6,000.
This proved an unfortunate investment, as Dia-
mond failed to breed. The red bull King
Cyrus, bought of Mr. Renick, was sired by Ren-
ick 903 out of a granddaughter of imp. Har-
riet, and proved a remarkable stock-getter.*
In 1854 Mr. Bedford and Abram Renick had
bargained, at the United States Cattle Show in

♦In connection with the illustration of King^ Cyrus, which appears at
page Ui6. Vol. II, of the American Herd Book, a g-ood story is told. If the
reader will look at this picture, it will be seen that just behind the bull's
fore leg^s and above his back are the faint outlines of another picture which
has been practically obliterated by the engraver. The other picture was
that of a negro herdsman who had been in Mr. Bedford's employ for many
years. King Cyrus, when being shown, had a habit of " humping "' his back,
and the colored herdsman upon such occasions would Invariably be found
busy with his cloth rubbing him down, as strangers would suppose. In
reality he was pinching the bull's back to keep it straight. Mr. Page went
to Mr. Bedford's to sketch the bull. In showing the drawing to certain
other breeders one of the party, with a view toward a little fun, said: "The
picture is all right, but it would be much improved if you would sketch the
' darky,' who always shows him, with his hand on the bulls back." Page
thought this would make a good background and sketched in the picture of
the herdsman. After the picture was engraved and sent to Mr. Bedford he
of course took great offense at what had been done, and when Page found
there •was something wrong he "squared" himself as best he could by
having the herdsman's figure obliterated. He drew no more pictures, how-
ever, for George M. Bedford,

SOME HISTORIC KENTUCKY STOCK. 295

Ohio, with Messrs. Coulter for the imported
Booth bull Warrior (12287), but for some rea-
son the sale failed to go through. The incident
is of interest as illustrating the fact that at
that date the great Kentucky breeders had not
acquired that fondness for Bates blood that
afterward characterized their breeding opera-
tions.

At the time the Duke of Airdrie was hired
by Mr. Bedford he owned a small herd of Har-
riets, Brides, Britannias and the cow Goodness
3d, by Senator 2d. The cow^ last named dropped
to the Duke of Airdrie the 1st and 2d Duch-
esses of Goodness, from which Mr. Bedford
bred his remarkable family of that name. Mr.
Bedford was considered one of the best judges
not only of breeding cattle l)ut of steers (of
which he fed a large number in his time), and
it may be remarked in passing that he consid-
ered imp. Goodness (of Mason blood) of the
Northern Kentucky Co.'s importation of 1S53
as the best cow of that famous im})ortation,
although Mazurka outsold her by $1,(>00. He
was so delighted with the Duke of Airdrie'sget
that he afterward purchased from Mr. Alexan-
der the first bull calf sired by the Duke at
Woodlnirn -Bell Duke of Airdrie 2552, out of
i%]y Bell by 2d Duke of Athol. Bell Duke of
Airdrie had a remarkable career in tiie show-
ring, winning, among other notable prizes, the

296 A HISTORY OF SHORT-HORN CATTLE.

$1,000 sweepstake at St. Louis in 1858 and the
championship at same show in 1860. The Har-
riet cow Atossa, b}^ King Cyrus, to a service by
the imported Duke dropped Grand Duke 2933,
that was also a St. Louis winner as a two-year-
old.

Mr. Bedford was a man of very decided con-
victions and prejudices and was not always
consistent. He became a great opponent of
the "Seventeens" and found fault with the
breeding of some of the Louans. At the same
time his own cattle of that family had the
cross of Dun's imp. Red Rose byErnesty; while
his beautiful Brides and his Zoras went direct
to Rose by Skipton. It was largely on account
of Mr. Bedford's caustic criticism of these other
strains that the late Mr. Parks of Glen Flora
(Illinois) raised the question of the purity of
the breeding of the Dun importation — a strik-
ing exemplification of the fact that people who
occupy glass houses should not throw stones at
their neighbors' roofs. George M. Bedford was
an eminently successful producer of good cat-
tle, but the love of Bates blood engendered by
his successful use of the Duke of Airdrie and
his sons finally drew him into unfortunate
pedigree speculations in that line of breeding.

Jere Duncan and Duke of Airdrie 2748^
Prominent among the great bulls sired by imp.
Duke of Airdrie while at Mr. Bedford's was Maj.

SOME HISTORIC KENTUCKY STOCK. 297

Jere Duncan's Duke of Airdiie 2743. Duncan
was the originator of a faiiiily of cattle kn(jwn
as the Louans, that played a prominent part in
Ohio, Kentucky and Western breeding herds
and show-rings for many years, gaining many
championship prizes and commanding great
prices. The original cow of that name was
bred by George H. Williams and was sired by
imp. Otley (4r)32). She produced eight calves,
including the famous show bull Perfection 810,
sold to E. G. Bedford. In Duncan's hands was
another family of Powel origin known as the
Ruljys. Both sorts were bred to such bulls as
D'Otley 482, Prince Albert 2d 857 and Sir Al-
fred 969, and one of the Ruby cows, bred to the
latter, produced the famous prize cow Xannie
Williams. Her sire, Sir Alfred, was one of the
noted bulls of his time, and was bred by Dr.
Kinnaird of Fayette Co., from Paragon of the
West (4()49) and the handsome and prolific Red
Rose (by Ernesty) cow Mira. He was sold when
about two years old to Messrs. Bedford of Bour-
bon County, and was described as a light roan,
with straight i()[) and bottom lines, good head,
smooth shoulders, line heart -girth, broad ribs,
good Hank and level quarters. He sired many
valual)le cattle while in Bourbon County, in-
cluding .Mr. Bedford's cow California, already
mentioned, but owes his fame largely to Nan-
nie \\ illiams. Sir Alfred was owned for a time

298 A HISTORY OF SHORT-HORN CATTLE.

by James S. Duncan^ son of Maj. Duncan, but
becoming "breechy" was given to a relative in
Tennessee and died while en route to that State.

Duke of Airdrie 2743, dropped by Nannie Wil-
liams in February, 1858, to a service by imp.
Duke of Airdrie, proved a first-class show bull,
winning a championship as a two-year-old at
the Bourbon County Fair in 1860. He was sec-
ond at the Ohio State Fair the same year and
second at the United States Fair as well. As a
three-year-old he swept the decks at the Fay-
ette, Bourbon and Harrison Co. (Ky.) Fairs, and
in 1863 was first-prize and champion bull at the
Kentucky State Show. In 1866, at eight years
of age, he won first prize as the best aged bull
at the Bourbon County Fair. One of his sons,
Duncan's Airdrie 5615, a Louan, was a first-prize
and champion bull at the leading Kentucky and
Ohio shows from 1865 to 1873; but as a sire Dun-
can's Duke was specially distinguished as a
heifer-getter, fairly making the reputation of
the Louans; specimens of which for many years
were great prize-winners at leading shows.
He was the bull to which Mr. Warfield bred
Miss Wiley 4th, securing from that service the
great show cow Loudon Duchess 2d.

Abram Renick and Airdrie 2478. — None
profited more largely by the services of imp.
Duke of Airdrie than Mr. Abram Renick, who
sent his Rose of Sharon show cow Duchess, by

SOME HISTORIC KENTUCKY STOCK. 299

Buena Vista 299, to be bred to the Woodl)urn
Duke. The issue was the celebrated Airdrie
2478 — the bull that made the reputation of Mr.
Renick and his Rose of Sharon tribe.

Abram Renick, who was of the same family
as tlie Ohio Renicks, had been a member of the
original Ohio Importing Co., and bred Short-
horns for a number of yea,YS in connection with
his brother James. They owned imp. Harriet,
imp. Illustrious and imp. Josephine, and had
bought in Ohio the heifer Thames, by Shake-
speare 901 out of Lady of the Lake, daughter
of imp. Rose of Sharon by Relvedere — for which
cow Mr. Renick paid Mr. Bates in England $700.
From Thames descended the entire Renick Rose
of Sharon family. The 1)1 ood of these Ohio cows
was more or less intermingled during the ear-
lier years of Mr. Renick's breeding. That of
imp. Illustrious was utilized through the me-
dium of such bulls as Young Comet Halley
n;{4 and Ashland 220; the Harriet blood
through Pilot 817, and that of imp. Josephine
tlirougli Buena Vista 299. the inbred Josephine
lU>nick 90H and General Winfield Scott o8(i.
Rose of Sharon's blood came in not only
through Ikh' granddaughter Tliames luit in the
bull lino tln-ougli tlie imported cow's only son.
Paragon of flu* A\'est (4()49). Thames had l^oen
bred in 184:) and lS4r) to I'rince Charles 2d SOI.
tracing to imp. niossoni by VWv. Favorite (1042).

300 A HISTORY OF SHORT-HORN CATTLE.

The progeny in the one case was the heifer Red
Rose and in the other the heifer Dorothy. Red
Rose, bred to Ashland, produced the roan Poppy
in 1849, and she in turn, bred to Renick 903,
gave birth in 1853 to the light roan heifer
Norah. Red Rose bred to Buena Vista,* pro-
duced in 1850 the red-and-white heifer Duch-
ess, that afterward became the dam of Airdrie
2478. A few cows were also bred to the Tan-
queray bull John o' Gaunt (11621), imported
into Bourbon County by Mr. Matson in 1852.
To a service by this bull Duchess produced in
1853 the heifer Ophelia. These cows were
among the noted matrons of the Rose of Sha-
ron family in the Renick herd.

Airdrie 2478 was a red, with little white, of
onlj^ medium size. In good thrifty breeding
condition he weighed about 1,900 lbs. at full
maturity. He was repeatedly shown by Mr.
Renick, but was never made fat enough to
weigh more than 2.100 lbs., although he could
have been made to carry 2,200 lbs. in excess-
ively high flesh. He was very symmetrical in
conformation; smooth, neat and stylish, with
no serious faults. Airdrie may safely be listed
as one of America's greatest progenitors of
valuable Short-horns; imparting finish and

* Buena Vista's sire was the grand bnll Cossack, alias Julius Caesar
(3503), bred by Mr. Clay and sold to B. Warfield. Cossack (3503) was by Cos,
sack (1880), bred by Richard Booth at Studley from the old Killerby Mosa
Bose tribe.

JiJ

SOME HISTORIC KENTUCKY STOCK. oOl

quality with a rare degree of uniformity to his
progeny. Like his sire, the inijjorted Duke,
he was more impressive as a stock-getter
than as an individual animal. Duncan's Duke
of Airdrie, as already noted, proved a won-
derful heifer-getter, but Airdrie 2478 gained
lasting fiinie as a sire of bulls. He was used
by Mr. Renick for a period of aljout twelve
years to the fullest possible extent, the only
limit to his service in the herd being placed
upon his own daughters, some of which were
afterward bred with success to the 13th Duke
of Airdrie 5535; the splendid cow Poppy 5th
being thus produced. For several generations
none but sons and grandsons of Airdrie or imp.
Duke of Airdrie wei'e kept in service.

Airdrie a bull-breeder. — Among Airdric's
greatest sons may be mentioned Sweepstakes
6230, afterward famous in the show herd of Mr.
Pickrell of Illinois; Joe Johnson 10204; the in-
bred Airdrie 8d 13320 out of Duchess 2d by Pi-
lot— all Pose of Sharons; and Vanmoter's Dick
Taylor 5508 and Airdrie Duke 5300; U)th great
hcifer-gottors, out of the Young Phyllis cows
Puth and Putli 2d. Sweepstakes' remarkable
career in the West will be noticed further on.
Joe Johnson was almost a foe sinu'lr of Sweep-
stakes, the only dilTenMice being that the for-
mer was rather a Wuov bull. They were botli
exceedingly successful in the show-yai*d. Joe

302 A HISTORY OP SHORT-HORN CATTLE.

Johnson once gained a champion prize at the
Bourbon County Fair, with something over
twenty bulls in the ring, probably as good a lot
as were ever shown at one time in the State.'"
About the only objection that was urged
against either of these bulls was their color.
The "craze" for red cattle was already setting
in, and both Sweepstakes and Joe Johnson had
too much white to suit the public taste. They
had white spots to the extent of perhaps one-
fourth of their entire color. Airdrie 3d was
quite a successful show bull also. Had he been
as perfect behind as he was in front he would
have been fairly invincible. At one time bulls
sired by Airdrie were gaining prizes at all of
the best fairs of Kentucky, Tennessee, Missouri
and Illinois almost without defeat.

Inbreeding of the Rose of Sharons. — Mr.
Renick was so pleased with the results of Air-
drie's use that he adopted a comprehensive
course of in-and-in breeding, using his sons and
grandsons upon the herd for many years with
great success, attracting the attention of the
entire cattle-breeding world. John Thornton,
the veteran Short-horn salesman of England,

* Joe Johnson was a successful prize-taker in Kentucky, and also stood
at the head of the $300 prize herd, composed wholly of Rose of Sharons, at
the Ohio State Fair of 1870. He was the sire— among other high-priced cat-
tle—of the heifer Duchess 10th, sold in 1872 to Earl Dunmore at $5,000. He
represented a double cross of imp. Duke of Airdrie, having been sired by
Airdrie 2478 out of Cordelia by Dandy Duke 2691. The latter was a red-roan
bull Mr. Renick had secured by breeding Eaaterday (daughter of Pop py)
bv Pilot 817, to Imp. Duke of Airdrie (12730)

SOME HISTORIC KJ:NTUCKY STOCK. 303

who visited America after the Airdrie bhjod had
been thoroughly concentrated in the Kenick
herd, said:

'• I saw the bull Airdrie, rising thirteen years old, a mag^nificent
animal, not too large but exceedingly symmetrical, stylish and
handsome, with a splendid head and fine masculine character.
The cows and heifers were called from the fields by a lot of negroes
—men, women and children— and it was wonderful to observe the
singular uniformity and great excellence of the cattle as they
walked past to a corner of the field where they stood to be milked.
The heifers, mostly by Airdrie, were splendid animals, combining
great length, elegance and sweetness of character with rich full
colors, roan or red hair, good form and great substance. Some of
the older cows were thinner and slightly lame, owing, as it was
said, to the thick cornstalks fastening in their hoofs. The calves
were also good, and two or three young bulls were of great prom-
ise. Seeing how very superior this herd was and how closely it
was in-and-in bred I was induced to ask Mr. Renick how he came
to take such a course. Ho told me he took up the herd books and
saw what Colling, Mason and other early breeders had done, and
ho thought ho would do the same thing; his neighbors thought he
would ruin his stock, but he thought that he had got quite as good
as any of them."

At the time of Mr. Thornton's visit (1869)
every animal in the herd was of Mr. Kenick's
own breeding. Not only that, l)ut their dams,
grandams, great-grandams and even great-
gi-oat-grandani8 had been bred on the farm —
certainly a fact unique in the history of Short-
horn ))re(Hling in the T'nited States. For years
he declined to part with any liose of Sharon
females at any valuation, but latterly high
prices tempted him to do so. He has gt^ierally
been regarded as one of the greatest construc-
tive breeders ever ideutitied witli Short-horn
breeding in America. A disciple of ThomuiS

304 A HISTORY OF SHORT-HORN CATTLE.

Bates, and like that famous breeder without
immediate family, Mr. Renick was thoroughly
devoted to his cattle and made them the sub-
ject of his most untiring personal attention.*
He was always partial to the golden -skinned
yellow-reds, and insisted that Short-horns of
that color were invariably better feeders and
l)ossessed more quality than the dark reds, in
which contention he had the unanimous acqui-
escence of the most experienced breeders. Of
his subsequent purchase and use of the 4th
Duke of Geneva we shall have occasion to speak
elsewhere. The mingling of the Duchess blood
with that of the Rose of Sharons, thus reunit-
ing the Bates lines, proved in this case a suc-

* visitors at shows where Mr. Renick was exhibiting his cattle were
very apt to find him feeding- or currying his stock with hla own hands. He
was particularly wrapped up in old Airdrie, and upon svich occasions would
usually he found near him. Perhaps the best show Mr. Kenick ever made
was the year that the Kentucky State Fair was held In Bourbon County. He
had an exhibit in nearly every ring and never came out without a ribbon,
tisually a blue one. In some classes he gained both first and second. One
of the best exhibits he made at this show was for a prize for bull vrith five
or six of his get. He had taken Airdrie up out of the pasture without prep-
aration, and with him and his progeny won the group prize over a number
of competitors. Airdrie was then eight or nine years old.

Speaking of this event Mr. Ben F. Vanmeter says: "I do not think I
ever saw Mr. Renick enjoy a day more than he did this one. As he came
out of the ring leading old Airdrie a gentleman from Ohio sent an intimate
friend of Uncle Abe's to me with a request that I go with him to see if we
could not get a price on the old bull. I told him it was a waste of time, but
he insisted and we vrent. We readily found Mr. Renick, and my friend
Taylor lost no time in broaching the subject. The old man was at first al-
most ready to take it as an insult. Then he suspected us of playing a joke
on him. Taylor finally told hiin that he considered the bull nearly worn
out, but was satisfied that his Ohio friend would give $1,000 for him. The
old man then straightened himself up two or three inches above his nor-
mal height and with his fist tightly closed and eyes flashing exclaimed:
"A national bank can't buy him! If I outlive him he will die mine.'

SOME HISTORIC KENTUCKY STOCK. 305

cessful operation; a fine illustration being seen
in the case of the celebrated pair of ''Genevas,"
Minnie's Duchess of Geneva and Poppy's Duch-
ess of Geneva, familiarly known as "Big Gen-
eva" and "Little Geneva," sired by 2d Duke of
Geneva.* These fine cows had a remarkable
show-yard career, "Little Geneva" usually
winning the blue ribbon and her larger sister
the red whenever exhibited. They rarely low-
ered their Cf)lors in any company.

The Vanmeters. — The State of Kentucky
was fortunate in possessing distinguished fam-
ilies of Shoil-horn breeders who, like the
Messrs. Booth in England, displayed an heredi-
tary love for the cattle and for sevei^al succeed-
ing generations bred Short-horns with a high
degree of skill and intelligence. We have
already noted the prominent part played by
Messrs. George, Felix and Abram licnick and
may now mention the Vanmeters as worthy of
rank among those who contributed most to the
extension of Short-horn breeding in the West.
To them the West is indebted for the Young
Marys and Young Phyllises to be found in al-
most every good herd.

About the year 1S17 ^Ir. Isaac ^'anmeter, who
was a native of Hardy Go., Va.- in the valley

•2cl Duke of Gonova 55C.2 was brt-il by J. O. ShoMoii and bonpht by Edwin
Bed fortl. whoso hiicocbs witli tlio London Dnolu-ascB. oto.. pave lilni rank
amon»r tlu« Icadlnjr Kontnoky brooders of bis time. The 2d Duko diet!
yonrjr. Ic-ivint,' a llniitod nunil>or of oalvos. bnt ihoy woro as a rulo excop-
tloually Kooil.

306 A HISTORY OF SSORT-HORN CATTLE.

of the South Branch of the Potomac — emi-
grated to Kentucky and soon afterward mar-
ried a daughter of Capt. Isaac Cunningham,
another Virginian who liad purchased, early in
the present century, the farm and some of the
stock of Mr. Matthew Patton, who had intro-
duced the Gough & Miller blood into Kentucky.
The elder Vanmeter and Capt. Cunningham
formed a partnership for the purpose of carry-
ing on farming and cattle-breeding operation^
in Clark Co., Ky., and in 1834 the}^ took stock
in the newly-organized Ohio Importing Co., ac-
quiring from that company's selections imp.
Young Mary, with heifer calf Pocahontas; imp.
Young Phyllis, w^ith heifer calf Catherine Tur-
ley, and imp. Lavinia, together with the bull
Goldfinder (2066). Capt. Cunningham also pur-
chased an interest in imp. Matchem (2283).
Prior to this time Messrs. Vanmeter & Cun-
ningham had bred for some twenty years a
large herd principally descended from the orig-
inal Patton stock, upon which had been used,
among others, the noted bull Eising Sun.* La-

• Capt. Cunningham died in 1342. making the sons of hi3 daughter, Mrs.
Solomon Vanmeter, executors of a good estate. Solomon Vanmeter died In
1854, leaving his son, Ben F. Vanmeter, then but twenty-one years of age,
sole executor of an estate quite as large as that left by Capt. Cunningham.
Mr. Ben F. Vanmeters elder brother, Solomon, who died at forty years of
age, proved himself also a most capable breeder and when the Northern
Kentucky Importing Co. was organized in 1853 he was selected as Clark
County's representative upon the committee sent to England to buy the
cattle constituting that memorable purchase. Ben F, Vanmeter was a
mere lad at this date attending college at Danville, Ky, Learning of the
proposed expedition to England after cattle, he pleaded earnestly to be

SOME HISTORIC KENTUCKY STOCK. 307

vinia, after producing a bull calf, died, but
Young Phyllis and Young Mary proved among
the most useful cows of the breed ever brought
to America. As in the case of the Kenick herd,
the blending of the blood of these Ohio Co.
cows with that of imp. Duke of Airdrie re-
sulted in the production of an excellent class
of cattle.

Young Phyllis. — This cow ranked as one of
the best of her day in America. In fact she has
repeatedly been called the best of all Short-
horn cows of her time owned in the State of
Kentucky. Unfortunately she died young, leav-
ing but three or four calves. She produced, l)e-
sides Catherine Turley, a heifer named Eliza
Woods, by Matchem, and the prize bull John
Randolph 603, by Goldfinder. Eliza Woods was
rather disappointing as an individual, although
some excellent cattle descended from her. Her
sire, Matchem, was a large, stylish bull; rather
coarse in his conformation and of a vicious dis-
position. Quite a number of his get were un-
popular on account of their dark-colored noses.
Catherine Turley is said to have l)een a cow of
fine character. She was much inclined to make

allowed to loave school and accompany tho coramltt«o. H<> was irlvon the
choice of either jroliiir or roinaliilnjr and pradiiatlnir that sprlnir. Without
hesitation he alvindoned his aspirations In referiMice to a diploma aiMl
accompanltHl his brother upon a tonr of the Short-horn henls of Great
Britain. In lati'r .v«>ar8 he attalmil lnt»"rt»atlonal rt<pnt;Ulon not onb" as a
breeder of hitrh-class cattle of the Vantnoter tril><'s. but aV^o In oor.nt^tlon
with the notable operailoiia of Abrani Ucntok with iho Rose of Sharons.

308 A HISTORY OF SHORT-HORN CATTLE.

flesh and unfortunately was allowed to become
so fat that she stopped breeding. From her de-
scended such famous bulls as Dick Taylor 5508,
Airdrie Duke 5306, Clarendon 2634, Mr. Pick-
rell's $3,000 Baron Lewis and many other old-
time celebrities.

Dick Taylor 5508 was one of the best stock-
getters produced by the Phyllis family. He
was a red, bred by Dr. J. J. Taylor and Abram
Vanmeter, and represented a peculiarly rich
combination of the best blood introduced into
the Ohio Valley up to the time of his produc-
tion in 1863. Sired by the Duke of Airdrie-
crossed Rose of Sharon bull Airdrie 2478, he
had for dam Ruth by the $4,850 bull imp. Chal-
lenger (14252); second dam Mpuria Edgeworth
by Arthur Watts' Prince Albert 2d 857, carry-
ing much of the best of the Ohio Importing
Co.'s blood; and his third dam, Susan Turley,
was liy Cossack (3503), son of the richly-bred
Booth bull Cossack (1880), that will be remem-
bered as the sire of Abram Renick's Buena
Vista 299. Dick Taylor proved particularly suc-
cessful when mated with the descendants of
imp. Young Mary. Indeed one branch of that
tribe became so celebrated throughout the West
that it was given (and still bears) his name. He
was repeatedly shown with success, and upon
one occasion gained a $100 sweepstake against
several of the most noted sires of the day for

SOME HISTOIUC KENTUCKY STOCK. 309

best five calves the get of one bull. We can-
not in the space at our command make detailed
reference to the many distinguished animals
sired by Dick Taylor, We should, however, per-
haps mention his two sons, Washington 9284
and Dick Taylor 2d lfiG37, bred by the Messrs.
Sudduth. The former belonged to the Leslie
branch of the Marys, tracing from the show cow
Hannah More, and won a great many first and
sweepstakes prizes at the Kentucky shows from
1869 to 1871. Dick Taylor 2d, a few years later,
was one of the ruling show-yard champions of
Kentucky and was sold for $1,100.

Airdrie Duke 5806, like Dick Taylor, was a
red son of Mr. Kenick's Airdrie 2478. His dam,
the Phyllis cow Ruth 2d, was Ijy Mr. Alexanders
famous jirize bull exp. 2d Duke of Airdrie 2744,
so that he represented a dou])le cross of the Air-
drie-Duchess blood. Airdrie Duke was bred by
Abram Vanmeter, and was one of the great
heifer-getters of Kentucky in the later sixties.
Like Dick Taylor, he made a pronounced "hit"
when mated with the Marys. His greatest
daughter was probably Ben F. \'anmeter's re-
nowned Young Mary sliow cow Ketl Hose 8th.
the best Short-horn cow Mr. Vanmeter ever
l>red. Another celebmted show cow got by Air-
drie Duke was tlie roan IMui'be Taylor of the
Pomona family, that gained prizes all over the
Western count rv from 1871 to 1874 in the herd

310 A HISTORY OF SHORT-HORN CATTLE.

of J. H. Kissinger. He was also sire of the
Mary cow Miss Washington 2d, that sold for
$1,000, whose daughter by 4th Duke of Geneva
brought a like price, and of the $3,200 Poppy's
Julia and the $2,000 Princess cow Princessa 2d.

Another branch of the Phyllis tribe that ac-
quired high repute in Kentucky was bred by
John W. Prewitt of Clark County from the roan
cow Gentle Annie, by imp. Challenger (14252),
that was bought by Mr. Prewitt at the admin-
istrator's sale of the Solomon Vanmeter cattle
in 1859. She was a granddaughter of Susan
Turley.

Young Phyllis was of a rich roan color, with
neat head, small, crumpled horns, short, neat
neck, fine shape and style and a first-class show
cow in her day. She was frequently exhibited
at the fairs in Kentucky when in her prime
and never failed to receive the first prize when
in the ring except once, and then she received
the second Although imported for Mr. Har-
ness in 1834 at a cost of $1,500, she passed to
the possession of Capt. Isaac Cunningham and
Mr. Isaac Vanmeter in 1836 and remained the
property of the latter until she became barren
and was slaughtered. Catherine Turley was
begotten in England and calved at Sycamore,
in Kentucky, soon after her arrival.

Young Mary. — This celebrated cow and her
daughter Pocahontas, sold at the Ohio Co.'s

SOME HISTORIC KENTUCKY STOCK. 311

sale of 183G to Mr. Harness for $1,000, were
bought and taken to Kentucky that same year
by Messrs. Vanmeter k Cunningham. Althougli
not a show cow like Young Phyllis, Young
Mary was one of the practical, profita1)le sort
that often do more for their owners than ani-
mals of show-yard character. She is described
as having been a large cow of striking appear-
ance, a light roan in color with some white,
especially on her logs. Her horns, which were
inclined to be "crumpled,"' were rather strong
and well carried out from her head, which was
broad and well shaped, with a good full eye.
Her neck was rather thin, shoulders smooth,
back broad, rib deep, udder large and good. In
fact she was an extraordinary milker — one of
the best dairy cows ever owned in the Van-
meter herds. She was a remarkably prolitic
breeder, and during the first month or six
weeks after calving (if on grass) could be de-
pended upon to yield a large pailful of milk
morning and evening after the calf had drawn
its fill. Unfortunately Isaac Vanmeter's pri-
vate herd records were lost or destroyed during
the Civil War, but it is a commonly-ac(*epted
fact that Young i\Iiiry lived to be about twenty
years old and died after having given birth to
her sixt(HMith calf.

She i)r(Hlucod but four bulls; two of them —
Davy Crockett and Logan — were dropped while

312 A HISTORY OF SHORT-HORN CATTLE.

she was in the possession of the Ohio Co. The
former was purchased by Mr. P. L. Ayres of
Ohio for $490 for use upon unrecorded stock.
Logan was bought by Elias Florence of Ohio
for $750. In Kentucky Young Mary produced
a red-and-white bull calf named Romulus, by
Matchem (2283), that was sold while young to
Mr. James Stouestreet of Clark County, in
whose hands he was bred to but few pure-bred
cows. The last calf she ever produced that
lived to be useful was the roan bull Tom Big-
bee, by Prince Albert 2d, calved in 1848 and
sold while young to Mr. Rice Campbell of Bour-
bon County. He proved quite a good show
bull.

Young Mary's female produce after Poca-
hontas cannot now be named in the order of
their respective ages. Her next calf was the
bull Romulus above mentioned, and then fol-
lowed five heifer calves by Goldfinder (2066),*
to-wit.: Hannah More, Judith Clark, Sarah
Hopkins, Lilac and Florida, all of which were
very superior and lived to be useful cows. All
of these except Sarah Hopkins were owned by
Isaac Vanmeter as long as he or they lived.
Sarah Hopkins was given to Mr. Vanmeter's

♦Imp Goldflnder (2066) was taken to Kentucky in 1836 and was success-
fully used for many years, largely in Clark and Fayette Counties, altiioug-h
he died the property of Joel Scott in Franklin County. Few better sires
were known at that time. He was a large, rich roan, lig-htrbodied and some'
what leggy, high-styled and Impressive.

SOME HISTORIC KENTUCKY STOCK. 313

son, I. C. Vanmeter, who sold her after a few
years to George W. Sutton of Fayette County.
The records do not reveal further facts of
interest concerning Young Mary's progeny. All
that is known is that she was a regular breeder
of good stock and lived to an extreme age. The
great family of Young Marys, still so ])0pular
throughout the United States, has descended
from the Goldfinder heifers and Pocahontas
above mentioned. Pi-obably the best individual
of all of Young Mary's daughters was Hannah
More. She was exhibited at all of the leading
Kentucky shows and was, we believe, never de-
feated. Her sisters were almost as good, but
Hannah More and Pocahontas, in particular,
like their Phyllis companion Catherine Tur-
ley, proved mines of wealth to Kentucky and
the West. Pocahontas gave rise to the famous
Red Rose and Hannah More to the Beck Tay-
lor, Leslie and Flat Creek branches of the Mary
tribe. Judith Clark also left a valuaide prog-
eny, among her descendants being the Grace
Youngs, once so proliHc of good show cattle in
the West, and the Leopardess family, which
gave to the show-yard Lucy Napier. The suc-
cess of the blending of the Mary and Phyllis
bloods in i]\o hands of Messi-s. Vanmeter Wiis
instantaneous. Bred to John Ixandolph (>i)3.
son of imp. Young Phyllis. Hannah More had
a daughter — Queen Anne — that produced to

314 A HISTORY OF SHORT-HORN CATTLE.

the cover of Prince Albert 2d 857 the bull Al-
bert Gallatin 202. Randolph and Gallatin did
some of the local shows in company and car-
ried many ribbons; the older (Phyllis) usually
securing first honors and the Mary second.

Ben F. Van meter gave the Marys interna-
tional fame. From his father's red-roan Red
Rose, by Pearl 2012*, he bred the celebrated
family of Red Roses; and by mating the Han-
nah More cow Beck with the Phyllis show bull
Dick Taylor he bred the red Beck Taylor, the
matron of a family of that name still popular
in the West. Probably the best two cows ever
produced in his herd were Red Roses 8th and
11th, own sisters by the Phyllis bull Airdrie
Duke 5306. The Airdrie Duchess blood was by
this time producing remarkable results in all
the leading Kentucky herds, and when the
Renick, Vanmeter, Warfield and Bedford cows
carrying the Bates cross met at the local shows
there was " war to the knife." Upon one mem-
orable occasion Mr. Ben. Vanmeter with Red
Roses 8th and 11th encountered one of the
greatest cow combinations Kentucky had ever
seen, meeting Mr. Renick's pets, "Little" and
"Big" Genevas, two of Edwin G. Bedford's Lou-

* Pearl was a red bull bred by Solomon Vanmeter that became the prop-
erty of Robert S. Taylor of Clark County. He was g-ot by Vanmeter, Dun-
can & Cunning-han/s imported $4,850 bull Challenger (14253) from the Im-
ported cow Gem by Earl Dueie"s Broker OU93),got by Usurer (97ti3). Pearl's
g-randam was Gulnare, by Whitaker's Norfolk (2377), and his great-grandam
was the Booth-bred Medora by Ambo (lt)36).

SOME HISTORIC KENTUCKY STOCK. olO

don Duchesses, besides one of the best of that
family ever produced by Mr. Warfield, and
three or four imported cows. In the cow class
Red Rose 11th won, but in the sweepstakes
Red Rose 8th gained the ijrize.* She was af-
terward champion Short-horn cow at the Phila-
delphia Centennial and subsequently sold to the
Grooms for $1,750 and exported to England.
Her companion at this show, Red Rose 11th,
sold to Mr. Fox of England at $2,325 was the
only cow that ever defeated Red Rose 8th. Mr.
Vanmeter, however, never considered her so
good. This cow was the dam of the famous
roan Young Mary steer that was the champion
four-year-old bullock at the first American Fat-
Stock Show at Chicago; a beast that weighed
2,440 lbs. and sold to the late John B. Drake of
the Grand Pacific Hotel for $150 for Christinas
beef. An own brother to Red Rose Sth and
11th, the bull Rosy Man 27764. was also a prize-
winner at Kentucky shows.

Ben F. Vanmeter sustained close relations
with Mr. Renick and in later years l)ecame
identified with the Rose of Sharon interest,
further reference to which will presently he
made. It may be remarked in passing that
the two prize-winning Young Mary bulls Wash-

• After tlip ribbon waw tlini on Red RoscStJi Mr Vanmetor asked Mr.
Renick wlijit ho thonirlU of It The oUl man was very slow In makliur his
reply. Out linally aatil; ^1 reckon it is all rl^hl She is a rfr r« of a pooU
one."

316 A HISTORY OF SHORT-HORN CATTLE.

ington 9284 and Dick Taylor 2d 16637— both by
Dick Taylor 5508 and both bred by Messrs. Sud-
duth of Clark County — were of Vanmeter stock,
the former being of the Leslie branch and the
latter coming through Judith Clark, own sister
to Hannah More. Dick Taylor 2d won a cham-
pionship at a Bourbon County fair in a ring of
thirty entries. We may also add here that the
bull Seaton 4856, bred by Solomon Vanmeter,
appearing in certain pedigrees of cattle of Ken-
tucky origin, represented a cross of Mr. Alex-
ander's imp. Orontes 2d upon a daughter of the
imported Wilkinson-bred cow Lavender 3d,
that was of the same foundation as the Cruick-
shank Lavenders.
O The Warfields.^The city of Lexington, the

blue-grass capital, is situated in the fertile
county of Fayette, which, in connection with
the adjacent counties of Clark and Bourbon,
had from the earliest periods constituted the
headquarters of the breed south of the Ohio
River. The name of Warfield is so intimately
and honorably identified with the cattle-breed-
ing interest, not only of Fayette and contiguous
counties but of the entire West, that no his-
tory of Short-horns in America would be com-
plete without some reference to the services
rendered by those of this name.

The Warfields are descended from Richard
Warfield, w^ho m 1663 settled in the Puritan

SOME HISTORIC KENTUCKY STOCK, 317

colony of Anne Arundel Co., near Annapolis,
Md. In October, 171)0, Elisha Warfield and his
wife, Ruth Burgess (descended from Gen. Wil-
liam Burgess, who commanded the troops of the
colony of Maryhmd in the latter part of the
seventeenth century), removed to Fayette Co.,
Ky., from Anne Arundel Co., Md., Ijringing with
them their sons, Elisha, born in 1781, and Ben-
jamin, born Feb. 8, 1790. They settled about
seven miles east of Lexington, near Bryan's
Station. Benjamin Warfield began to breed
cattle in 1824, but had no pure-bred Short-horns
until 1831. He practiced law until the outbreak
of the war of 1812, and again until 1831; mean-
time purchasing the farm of Grasmere, near
Lexington. His brother, Dr. Elisha Warfield,
also engaged in stock-breeding, but gave more
attention to the Thoroughbred horse than to
cattle; breeding old Lexington and other celeb-
rities of the turf. The former became the
owner of Mrs. Motte's bull Partnership ((VJ77)
and of the Durham Cow's daughter Lady
Durham, by San Martin (2591)). The latter
owned the Teeswater Cow's bull Mirandi (4428).
by San Martin, and ^lessrs. Smith A: ^^'arfield
bought the Teeswater Cow's daughter Pink, by
Munday's Bull 727.'' At a later date, when

•The "Seventeene •' wero broufrht by Col. SnnderB to Fayette, and Mrn,
Motto jiiul tho TtM>Hwator Cow \vor«> rctalnod lluT»>, the pniperty of Mphsts.
Muiiil.'iy .'iiul Matrpriii. r«>aix"otlvfly. The I~>\irh.am Cow was taken by the
Importer to Gallatin Couut>'. Set.- piige ITS.

318 A HISTORY OF SHORT-HORN CATTLE.

the Kentuckians were availing themselves of
the stock imported by Col. John H. Powel of
Pennsvlvania, Messrs. Warfield were fortunate
enough to secure the l)ull Oliver (2387)*, that
proved a remarkably successful stock-getter —
undoubtedly the best of all the Powel bulls
brought West. Capt. Ben Warfield became
part owner of the Ohio Co. bulls Matchem
(2283) aud Goldfinder (2066), and also had some
service from imp. Prince Charles (2461). Prob-
ably none of the earlier Warfield bulls, however,
proved more successful than the famous roan
Cossack, alias Julius Caesar (3503), dropped the
property of Mr. Clay by the imported cow Moss
Rose, by Eclipse (1949), brought out from Eng-
land by H. Clay Jr. and Gen. James Shelby of
Fayette County in 1839. This bull had for sire
the Booth-bred Cossack (ISSO), and his blood
was for many j^ears to be found in some of the
best Short-horns in leading Kentucky herds.

Renick 903. — This great Kentucky sire, bred
by James Renick aud sired by Tippecanoe 1036

• No less than twenty-two bulls and thirty-two cows of Col. John Hare
Powers breeding or importation were taken to Kentucky— largely between
1831 and 1836. While Oliver (2387) was undoubtedly the best of these Powel
bulls, the outstanding- cow acquired by Kentucky from the Powelton Herd
was the Booth-bred Isabella, by Pilot (see page 185). She was probably the
most celebrated cow of her day in tlie Ohio Valley States, and at the sale
of her produce by her owner. Mr Sutton of Fayette County, Sept. 26, 1837,
her son Frederick 515 sold to Buford & Scott of Franklin County for $1,310;
her heifer Western Daisy went to Joel Scott at $745; heifer White Rose to
James Shelby of Fayette County at $735. and bull Cyrus to E. S. Washington
of Fayette County at $810. Another daughter of Cleopatra, Sally Jackson,
was sold privately to J S. Berryman & Co. for $2,000!

SOME HISTORIC KENTUCKY STOCK. 819

out of a daughter of imp. Josephine, was Ijought
by Capt. Warfield as a six-months calf. He was
begotten in Ohio, and although his sire and dam
were both descended from imp. Josephine^ by
Norfolk he was not specially promising as a
calf and was by no means satisfying as a year-
ling. For this reason he was sent to Dr. Breck-
enridge for a year of trial. As soon as his calves
began to come, however, all doubt as to Ren-
ick's value disappeared and he was freely used
with extraordinary success. He was a red ^vith
a long and level carcass, well-sprung ribs and
superior handling qualities. He stood some-
what high on the leg, and was not in fact what
would be considered a real show ])ull. He was
often exhibited, l)ut his success lay in his prog-
eny i-ather than in his own individuality. He
therefore furnishes an instance— along with
Goldfinder (2060) and imp. Duke of Airdrie—
where a plain bull proved to be a stock-getter
of unquestioned capacity. Renick soon ac-
quired reputation as the best sire of his time
in Kentucky. Of the show cows among his

•Josephine waa a fine show cow; provlnjr a successful prize-winner at
the Ohio fairs. She produced In 1838 a roan cow calf named Nonpareil bv
P.Z?' ^•■'",7n'^'''^>- ^" 1^"'-»'">1 "-alf Hubback. by Paraxon of the West
(iW'.t). In 1840-bull calf Tippecanoe, by Rover (5015). In lS41-cow calf
L.uiv Harrison, ro,l-an,l-whlte. by Rover (5(il5). She then prmlucM twin
bull calves, nelth.T of which lived to bo useful, after which ehe ceased
brec( lu(,-was fatted and slauphtenxl. Nonparoll and L,-.dv Harrison the
female produce above mentlon.xi. were sent by Mr. Felix Renick to his son-
^-law. Mr James Renick of Bourbon Co.. Ky., to breed on shares In some
Way, but the latter finally became the owner of the stock.

320 A HISTORY OF SHORT-HORN CATTLE.

progeny perhaps the most distinguished were
the light roan Tulip and the roan Fleda, both
of these being descended from Capt. Warfield's
never-beaten show cow Caroline. The former
was sold to Capt. James N. Brown and the lat-
ter to J. D, Smith, both of Sangamon Co., 111.,
and for many years they divided the verdicts
of Western show-yard juries. Indeed the late
Capt. Brown considered that Tulip was a vastly
better cow than Capt. Warfield's celebrated
Mary Magdalene, that had been bred by Abram
Renick from a Harriet dam from a service by
Renick 903. Mary Magdalene combined aston-
ishing substance with rare finish. Although
she was of enormous size, weighing in show
condition 2.250 lbs., still an ordinary hand could
span her ankle with thumb and fore finger.
Lizzie Higgins, the dam of Fleda, invariably
produced a show animal to a service by Renick,
her heifers Sally Campbell and Pearl and the
bull Magyar 677 illustrating this fact. Still
another cow that "nicked" well with Renick
was Lucy, a descendant of imp. White Rose,
by Publicola, that gave to Renick the two great
heifers Lucy 2d and Lucy 3d and bulls Francisco
2266 and Duke of Sbockdale 1483. That excellent
old cow Cherry 2d, by Don John 426, also pro-
duced to Renick a pair of extraordinary calves
known as Amy and Sally Smith. Another great
Renick heifer was Adah, and we should also

SOME HISTORIC KENTUCKY STOCK. 321

mention Mr. William Warfiekl's Princess and
Mr. Kinnaird's Pearl.

Muscatoon 7057. — This celebmted sire of
prize cattle in the herd of Mr. William Warfield
of Grasmere was one of the fruits of the great
herd assembled by Mr. Alexander at Woodburn.
He was a red bull, sired by the Bates-bred Royal
Oxford (18774) out of Mazurka 2d by Orontes 2d
(11S77); second dam that famous Lincolnshire
roan imp. Mazurka by Harbinger. There is
no question as to this cow having been one of
the best ever imported. Rich in color, her
capital carcass, with its far-famed back and
flank, was set off by a head of surpassing sweet-
ness. Muscatoon was a red with a perfect head
and the full eye of the kindly feeder. He was
strongly filled behind the shoulder and had the
rib and full lower line of Mazurka joined to
the great loin and thighs of Orontes 2d. He
was bought by Mr. Warfield as a yearling, and
his career at Grasmere b^th as a show bull and
a stock-getter did much to strengthen the rep-
utation of the Woodburn stock. Although
shown by Mr. Warfield with exceptional suc-
cess from 1S()7 to 1S71 liis most lasting fame
was gained as a getter of extraordinary show
and ])reeding animals. In fact in the rings for
best lot of calves the get of one bull he was al-
most invincible in the State of Kentucky in the
later sixties. The most remarkable feature of

322 A HISTORY OF SHORT-HORN CATTLE.

his service at Clrasmere was the uniform excel-
lence of his get. They were all good, and some
of them attained such outstanding excellence
that they were for many years reigning show-
yard champions. Among these were the heif-
ers Duchess of Sutherland 4th, Maggie Musca-
toon, 1st and 2d Ladies of Grasmere and Loudon
Duchess 4th. He also sired the Rose of Sharon
cow Grace and Louan of Waveland, for which
Walter Handy paid respectively $1,000 and
$1,150 at a sale of E. L. Davison's. Among the
noted stock and show hulls of his get were Lou-
don Duke 6th 10399 ; Tycoon 7339, Lord of the
Manor 12332 and 2d Duke of Grasmere 13961.
He died as the result of an accident in 1873,
and it may be said that he shares with the
Duke of Airdrie bulls the reputation of having
materially advanced the name and fame of the
Short-horn breed throughout the entire West-
ern country. Indeed rank as a sire of show
cattle has been claimed for this Mazurka bull
along with sufch English celebrities as Booth's
Crown Prince and Towneley's Frederick.

The Loudon Duchesses. — Mr. William War-
field has the honor of having originated one of
the best tribes of Short-horns yet evolved by
the breeders of the United States. We allude
to the Loudon Duchesses produced by his skill
and intelligence b}'" a judicious utilization of
Woodburn blood. The Hon. Frank Key Hunt,

SOME UISTOKIC KENTUCKY STOCK. 'iZo

an a])le law^^er and a noij^liljor and kinsman of
Mr. Warfield, having expressed a desire for a
good Short-horn heifer to grace his spacious
lawn, Mr. Warfield purchased for him at a sale
held by Mr. R. A. Alexander in IS.V; Miss AViley
4th, sired by 2d Duke of Athol (I1;J7G) out of
imp. Miss Hudson, at $470, which, we believe,
was the highest price of the day. Mr. Warfield
was to dii'Cct her breeding and was to take each
calf at six months of age at SiJQO. He believed
that as she promised to make a big, large-framed
cow good results would follow herniating with
the finely-finished imp. Duke of Airdrie (127'](M.
The first calf proved to be the red bull regis-
tered as Loudon Duke 3097, whose name was
derived from the title of Mr. Hunt's farm. In
the meantime Mv. Hunt suggested that Miss
Wiley 4th be bred to imp. St. Lawrence (120371.
that had been imported by Mr. Thome of New
York and purchased by Elisha Warfield. Mr.
William A\ arficld objected to this cross ou
the ground of incompatibility of type, but ^Ir.
Hunt insisted upon trying it, releasing Mr.
\\'arHeld from any obligation to take the calf
if not satisfactory. The exi»eriment was a fail-
ure and the bull calf that resulted was steered.
The cow was then l)i-e<l bark to imp. Duke of
Air<lrie, and in iSfiO tli-oi)i)ed the n^d heiftu*
Anna ilnnt. snbs(M|ni>ntly >ol(l by Mr. Warlicld
to Charles M. (lark of S[»iiiigticl<l. O.. from

324 A HISTORY OF SHORT-HORN CATTLE.

whose hands she passed into the possession of
Daniel McMillan of Xenia, becoming the an-
cestress of a great family of cows known as the
Ladys of Clark. Miss Wiley 4th had by this
time grown into a cow of immense scale, weigh-
ing 1,700 lbs. off grass. The development of
Loudon Duke and of Anna Hunt demonstrated
that the cross with the fine but rather "rangy"
imp. Duke of Airdrie was a success, and she was
again sent to be served at Woodburn. This
time she dropped the red bull calf Duke of Ed-
inburgh 4724 (also known as Loudon Duke 2d),
that was sold to a Mr. Woodruff of Indiana.
The result of the next service to the imported
Duke was the roan bull calf Loudon Duke 3d
10398, sold to Mr. Wilson of Cincinnati and used
with success in Ohio herds. In 1863, to imp.
Duke of Airdrie, she dropped the red bull Lou-
don Duke 4th 5906, sold to Mr. Edwin G. Bed-
ford and afterward the property of Mr. D. S.
King of Ohio. During this period Mr. Warfield
had used the first Loudon Duke with success,
finally selling him to Mr. Isaac Vanmeter of
Clark Co., Ky.

In 1864 Miss Wiley 4th dropped to imp. Duke
of Airdrie the red heifer calf destined to fame
under the name of Loudon Duchess. The im-
ported Duke having meanwhile died, it was
decided to breed Mr. Hunt's cow to Duncan's
Duke of Airdrie 2743, which Mr, Warfield con-

SOME IIlSTOIilC KEXTUCKY .STOCK. 320

sidered the imported Duke's best son; and from
a service l>y that bull tlie red heifer Loudon
Duchess 2d was dropped in 1S05. In the fall
of that year Mr. Warfield had sent a small
bunch of cattle for exhibition to the local
fairs, included among the number being the
yearling Loudon Duchess. The stock was taken
to the Bourbon show in Mr, William Warfield's
absence in attendance at the Illinois State
Fair, wdiich was held the same week, and dur-
ing the continuance of these shows the follow-
ing telegram was received from Kentucky: "I
am offered $500 for your yearling heifer and
$250 for your steer; shall f take it?" This re-
ferred to Loudon Duchess and a great steer of
the Rosabella 2d l)y Velocipede tribe. In those
dull days the prices seemed large, and as Mr.
Warfield believed that Loudon Duchess 2d
would make a better heifer than her sister by
the imported Duke he replied in the affirma-
tive, and thus Mr. E. G. Bedford of Bourbon
County became the owner of Loudon Duchess,
the prize yearling of that season and subse-
quently a great jirize-taker mid dam of win-
ners. Loudon Diudiess 2d ])!-o\(m| to he Miss
Wiley 4th's last calf and Mr. Warfield decided
not to ])art wit li Ikm-. These two heifers tlien
emharkcMJ upon a show-yard and breeding ca-
reer that has )>rol)al)ly not been surpa^i;ed iu
this country.

326 A HISTORY OF SHORT-HORN CATTLE.

The Bedford heifer produced one bull and
one heifer (Loudon Duchess 3d) to services by
The Priest 6246, and one bull (Loudon Duke
7th 10400) and three heifers (Loudon Duchesses
5th, 7th and 11th) to services by that capital
Bates Duchess sire 2d Duke of Geneva 5562. It
had previously been agreed between Mr. War-
field and Mr. Bedford that the Loudon Duchess
name should be given to the progeny of these
cows. To avoid confusion Mr. Bedford was to
use the odd numbers and Mr. Warfield the even
numbers. Mr. Warfield's Loudon Duchess 2d
produced ten calves — six bulls and four heifers
— three of which were by Muscatoon 7057, two
by Robert Napier 8975, one by 5th Duke of
Geneva 7932, one by 11th Duke of Geneva, one
by 4th Duke of Airdrie, one by 14th Duke of
Thorndale and one by 2d Duke of Grasmere
13961. Loudon Duchess 4th, one of the Mus-
catoon heifers, was considered by Mr. Warfield
to be the best female produced by either of the
celebrated sisters, and Loudon Duke 6th 10399,
afterward so famous in Missouri and the West,
was counted the best bull. He was sold to Mr.
J. G. Cowan of Missouri for $3,000 in 1872, a great
price for that time.

We have already alluded to the fact that dur-
ing the great expansion of the Short-horn trade
•/- following the Civil War a prejudice was unfor-
tunately created by interested parties against

SOME HISTORIC KENTUCKY STOCK. 827

cattle carrying crosses of stock descended from
the Walter Dun importation. Inasmuch as
Duncan's Duke of Airdrie had such a cross,
those who in the later years sought to discredit
the Dun importation insisted that the descend-
ants of Mr. Bedford's Loudon Duchesses by imp.
Duke of Airdrie were more valuable than the "^
descendants of Mr. Warfield's Loudon Duchess
2d. The absurdity of this contention is clearly
shown by the fact that, judged by the stringent
requirements of the show-yard, Mr. Warfield's
Loudon Duchesses were even better individuals
than those bred by Mr. Bedford. While Lou-
don Duchess gained twelve first prizes, Mr.
Warfield's Loudon Duchess 2d won fifty-six,
some of them gained at the State fairs of Ohio
and Indiana. The female calves of Loudon
Duchess won while in the hands of ^Ir. Bedford
five i^rizes, but Mr. Warfield's Loudon Duchess
4th alone won fourteen and his Loudon Duchess
()th alone won over foi-ty. There was always a
friendly rivalry as to the merits of the original
cows between ^Ii-. Bedford and Mr. Warfield,
but it is self-evident that there was no founda-
tion wliatovor for any assumption of sniu^rior
value in behalf of the Bedford line of brooding.
Mr. Warfield was the first to secure extraordi-
nary prices, selling Loudon Duchoss Sth to Mr.
J. F. (Viwan of \'irginia for S'-.oOO and Loudon
Duchess ()th to W. 11. Kichardson of Kontuckv

328 A HISTORY OF SHORT-HORN CATTLE.

for $2,005, the highest-priced female at the auc-
tion sales of that year. Mr. Bedford, however,
surpassed even these exceptional values at his
closing sale of 1874, where seven Loudon Duch-
esses averaged $3,521 and two bulls $2,033; one
cow (Loudon Duchess 9th) going to Mr. B. F.
Bedford at $6,000 and one bull (Loudon Duke
19th) to W. R. Duncan of Illinois for $3,500.
A very superior bull produced by Loudon Duch-
ess 2d was Mr. E. L. Davison's red Loudon Duke
3d 8542, sired by Muscatoon. This bull should
not be confused with Loudon Duke 3d 10398
from Miss Wiley 4th. The latter had been sold
into Ohio by Mr. Warfield and passed from no-
tice before the Muscatoon bull was assigned a
name. There were thus two Loudon Duke 3ds,
uncle and nephew. Loudon Duke 3d 8542 was
shown extensively from 1868 to 1870 at all of
the leading Kentucky fairs, and won many first
and championship prizes.

Mr. William Warfield steadfastly resisted the
dictates of fashion and clung tenaciously to
the right of selecting sires of approved form
and quality belonging to established tribes with-
out reference to the whims and fancies of the
speculative element. While on this account he
did not profit largely by the great speculative
advance that resulted in such enormous prices
being paid in subsequent years for certain " line-
bred" families, he stood manfully by the best

SOME IIlSTOIilC KENTUCKY STOCK. 329

traditions of the breed, urid has up to the <^rid of
the present century consistently advocated the
breeding of Short-horns for individual excel-
lence from the best sources regardless of par-
ticular Mood-lines.*

Adoption of Bates type and methods. Imp.
Duke of Airdrie was extensively used by Mr.
Alexander at Woodburn and sired a large num-
ber of good cattle of both sexes in that suporl)
herd. We have already mentioned the prize
l)ull Bell Duke of Airdrie 2522 used by Mr.
Bedford. Another noted son was Clifton Duke
(235S0), that was used by Mr. Alexander upon
the Airdrie Duchesses and was also hired l>y
George M. Bedford. He was out of the im-
ported Filbert Bell-Bates cow Lady Derby.
Another good bull by the old Duke, bred at
Woodburn, was Princeton 4285 (from imp. Piin-
cess 4th by Revolution), that was sold to Dr.
Brecken ridge and left much valuable stock.
The Duke of Airdrie heifers at Woodlnirn. as
elsewhere, proved very valuable as breeders.
From one of these, Minna 2d a daughter of
imp. Minna by Bridegroom — Mr. Alexander
})red the cel('))r{ited show bull Minister Oolio.

•wnilnni Wurflrltl was ;i Hon of rapi. Bon Warfleld and bocame one of
tho nckiiowk>Ujrcii itiitliDritioH on all siihjcotH iH'rtatnlnif lo AiinTlcan Short-
horn lilHtory. A froquont oontrlhutor to th«> Rretdfr'i (htatttf .ind oihi-r ."urrl-
cnltural JoiirnalH ami lhi> aiillior of "A IIlHtury of Imp

anil of "ralth>-lln'ftlliiir "— pnMlHluMl by Ihc Siinilrrs I' ■ i»

haH jiorliapM dont> more than any othor ono nmn in Anit'i 'i'*

rtH'ordH of oarly Importatious and butlU up n Short-horn liu.>miur<> in ttio
UultuU SUles.

330 A HISTORY OF SHORT-HORN CATTLE'

whose career in the hands of William R. Dun-
can in Illinois will presently be mentioned.

Another noted show bull that served to prove
to the minds of Kentucky breeders the efficacy
of Duchess blood for crossing purposes at this
period was Burnside 4618, a red bred by H.
Clay Jr. of Bourbon County, dropped in 1861
by the Duke of Athol (10150) cow imp. Brace-
let to a service by Duke John 2741, he a roan
bull by imp. Duke of Airdrie (12730) out of the
Gwynne cow Lady Sherwood by 5th Duke of
York. Burnside was shown with much success
and died in November, 1873.

While Woodburn made no apparent effort to
concentrate the Duke of Airdrie's blood, Abram
Renick and George M. Bedford did not hesitate
to double it up at every opportunity. Messrs.
Vanmeter were also inclined to the belief that
the "more of the old Duke's blood the better."
The pronounced success of such bulls as Dun-
can's Duke 2743, Airdrie 2478, Sweepstakes
6230, Joe Johnson 10294, Airdrie Duke 5306,
Dick Taylor 5508 and of the Loudon Duchesses,
etc., established thoroughly the popularity of
Bates sires in Kentucky; and Mr, Renick's
skillful concentration of Airdrie and Rose of
Sharon blood rooted the idea firmly in the
minds of most of the Kentucky breeders that
by a system of in-and-in or line breeding based
on the use of Bates bulls the best Short-horns

SOME HISTORIC KEXTT'CKY STOCK. 8m 1

were likely to be produced, l^iouounced style,
good scale, level lines and great finish were
cardinal points with those who were most ac-
tive in shaping the course of Short-horn breed-
ing in the West at this time. These character-
istics were secured and thoroughly established
largely through the use of the sons, grandsons,
daughters and granddaughters of imp. Duke of
Airdrie. Such was the general situation, there-
fore, at the time when Illinois and other West-
ern States began stocking up.largely with Short-
horns; the foundation animals for nearly all of
the leading Western herds l)eing secured from
Kentucky sources.

An unbiased and thoroughly capable judge
who visited the herds of Kentucky at intervals
during this period— the late Simon Beattie of
Canada and Annan, Scotland— called the atten-
tion of the In-eeders of that State to the fact
that while they were securing a marked uni-
formity, fine heads, a l)eaiitiful finish and .mv
carriage by this system of dose breeding, they
were at the same time sacrificing heavy fle^li
substance and hair, and "workin- their cattle
toward a leggy type, thin about their rumps
thighs and lini.l (|nn iters." In rebuttal of this
criticism Mr. Al.vxander's Mazurkas were cited
as a family that had escaped those dofocis, but
the fact was promptly poiiit^^d out bv Mr IJcat-
tie that imp. Mazurka was bv Mi-, \\nn\h\ liar-

o32 A HISTORY OF SHORT-HORN CATTLfc.

binger and her dam by Mr. Lax's Baron of Rav-
ensworth — both bulls that imparted short legs
and thick flesh to nearly all their offspring.
Mr. John Thornton, the able English live-stock
auctioneer, who visited the States in 1869, ap-
parently approved of this observation of Mr.
Beattie's in a measure, for he was quoted as say-
ing that he regarded the Mazurkas as the most
promising foundation for a fine family of cattle
of any one sort he had seen in America.

CHAPTER XII.

PROGRESS TN THE CENTRAL WEST.

From 1857 down to the close of the Civil
War in 1865 importations of Short-horns had
practically ceased; and during a great portion
of that time values ruled so low that there w^as
little encouragement for those engaged in the
trade. The financial crash of 1857, with the
War of the Rehellion in its train, put a damper
upon enterprise in this dii-ection. Kentucky,
the active center of Short-horn breeding in
America at this time, was a Dorder State be-
tween the North and South and was a theater
of military operations. A few of the leading
breeders, ]\[r. R. A. Alexander among the num-
ber, sent their Short-horns north of the Ohio
River for safety, the Woodlmrn cattle being
placed temporarily in the charge of Mr. J. M.
Woodruff of Nineveh, Ind. Others drove their
pets into their most secluded pastures, hiding
them as best they might when the exigencies
of the occasion called for special care, and
bided their time. With the advent of peace
the business entered upon an extraordinary pe-
riod of expansion towaiil IIk^ West, to which
section we must now dirtM't om- attention.

334 A HISTORY OF SHORT-HORN CATTLE.

First Illinois herds. — Virginia carried the
Short-horn colors into Ohio and Kentucky, and
emigrants from those States in turn bore the
banner of the " red, white and roans'' into Indi-
ana, Illinois and Missouri, from which vantage
grounds the breed ultimately spread through-
out the entire West.

The earliest introduction of Short- horn blood
into Illinois was made by Capt. James N. Brown
of Grove Park, Sangamon County^ who had
previously bred and shown cattle successfully
in Kentucky. The herd at Grove Park was
founded in 1834. The stock was brought from
Kentuclv}^ probably the most noted of the ear-
lier members of the herd being the cow Lady
McAllister, for which $900 was paid in 1837. In
1852 he bought in Kentucky the cows Beauty
and Miss Warfield and the bull Vandal 1065.
These were followed two years later by such
animals as Margaretta, Bentona, Stella, Sally
Campbell, Lulu and Tuscaloosa. In 1856 Capt.
Brown bought in Kentucky Queen Victoria,
Maude and Orphan 2d. These cattle and others
purchased subsequently by Capt. Brown, in
common with most of the other stock of that
period, carried more or less of the blood of the
importation of 1817. In the meantime (in
1854) he had purchased in Ohio the imported
bull Young Whittington and the imported cow
Picotee and bull calf Buckeye. In 1857 Capt.

PROGRESS IN THE CENTRAL WEST. 335

Brown organized and directed the notable im-
portation from England listed on page 27G, se-
curing for his own herd the $3,025 cow Rachel
3d, the $1,325 roan heifer Western Lady and an
interest in the bull King Alfred (147C0). The
Grove Park Herd was shown with more or less
regularity at the Morgan and Sangamon County
Fairs until the establishment of the Illinois
State Fair in 1S53 and the St. Louis Fair in
1856.

Capt. Brown's brother, Judge William Brown
of Jacksonville, was a partner in some of these
earlier operations, and Col. G. M. Chambers of
Jacksonville was also associated with him in
the purchase of stock brought from Ohio. His
neighl)or' and kinsman, Hon. J. D. Smith, also
began breeding Short-horns during this period,
and at a somewhat later date Judge Stephen
Dunlap of Morgan County founded a herd.
Priorto 1840 Messrs. E. B. Hi'tt&Bro. introduced
Sh(n-t-h()i-ns into Scott County, and in that same
year Messrs. Samuels and Forsythe brought
in what was afterward the foundation herd of
the iMessrs. Dunlap. Li 1S53 Messrs. Calcf and
Jacoby shipped some good Short-horns into Il-
linois from Kentucky, the latter mnking a fine
exhibit at the first Illinois State Fair. Tn this
connection it may bo stated that prior to ]S.")(>
Messrs. Calcf and Jacoby liad acquired and fed
K^o head of lii^li-Lrr.ide Short-horn steel's that

ddO A HISTORY OF SHORT-HORN CATTLE.

were marketed at an average weight of 1,965
lbs. — a fact which did much to attract the at-
tention of Illinois farmers to the value of the
blood. About this same time Mr. B. F. Harris
of Champaign County collected a lot of 100
grade steers that were fed to the enormous av- '^
erage weight of 2,377 lbs. While such weights
are not wanted at the present time, this feed-
ing experiment served as a great advertisement
for Short-horn blood. About 1854 Mr. John
Huston, father of the late Rigdon Huston, in-
troduced Short-horns into McDonough County,
and the Hon. John Wentworth of Chicago
also entered the list of breeders. The Went-
worth Herd was one of the oldest in the
Northwest. Its owner was a man of gigantic
stature — familiarly known as " Long John " —
who was prominent in the politics of the State
of Illinois and amassed a large fortune in Chi-
cago. He drew most of his foundation stock
from the East, but bought also from his early
Illinois contemporaries. His farm was located
at Summit, Cook County. Mr. Wentworth
maintained the herd continuously until his
death, which occurred some fifteen years since,
and a peculiar feature of his management was
the fact that he w^as in the habit of putting a
uniform price of $100 per head upon his crop of
bulls irrespective of breeding or quality. With
his customers it w^as "first come first served."

PROGRESS IN THE CENTRAL WEST. 00/

While we cannot un<lertake in the space at
our command to particularize concerning all
of the many herds established in Illinois in
ante-bellum da.js, we may mention the following
owners of registered stock, some of whom con-
tinued in the business for many years and
achieved great reputation: Stephen Dunlap,
J. G. Strawn, Elliot Stevenson, John P. Hen-
derson and R. Pollock of Morgan County; R.
H. Whiting, George Newman, Luther Martin
and Godfrey & Sumner of Knox County; Tru-
man Humphreys, Peoria' County; J. C. Bone,
William B. Smith & Bros, and H. H. Jacoby,
Sangamon County; J. M. Hill, Cass County; J.
H. Spears, J. W. Judy and James Purkapile of ^
Menard County; E. L. Gilham of Scott County; 7^
George Barnett, Robert Milne and S. W. Ran-
dall of Will County; Davis Lowman of Stai-k
County; A. G. Carle of Champaign County; S.
S. Brown of Jo Daviess County; AVilliam Black
of Greene County; A. Kershaw of Dupage
County; The Bishop Hill Colony of Henry
County; J. P. Reynolds and Ed Bebb of Win-
nebago County; Thomas AVray and D. B. Tears
of McHenry County; Ral})h Anderson, James
Makepeace and S. Simpkins of Pike County;
E. C. Marks of La Salle County; George M.
Bedinger of McLean County; A. W. Bowen of
Will County: D. J. Townsond. Kendall (\)uuty:
P. Hudson, Edwards County: (Jrccn vV: Davis

22

338 A HISTORY OF SHORT-HORN CATTLE!

and W. Marks, La Salle County; Charles Mer-
riam and S. W. Ball of Madison County; A.
Pyle, St. Clair County; George Severs and W.
W. Parrish, Kankakee County; Caleff & Jacoby,
Piatt County; H. C. Johns, Macon County;
Parks & Trundell, Mercer County; H. N. Cross,
Jersey County; M. W. Riggs, Scott County;
David Graft, Woodford County; and Messrs.
Green, Paul & Wurts of McLean County.

Early Indiana breeders. — Short-horns were
introduced into Indiana soon after the importa-
tions of the Ohio Co. in 1836, at several differ-
ent points. The late Dr. A. C. Stevenson of
Greencastle was the "Nestor" of Short-horn
breeding in the " Hoosier" State. We have al-
ready referred (on page 275) to his importation
from England, consisting of four heifers and
two bulls, made in 1853. He had been inter-
ested in Short-horn cattle for some years prior
to that date, having used the Ruby bull Mon-
arch 717, that was bred in Kentucky in 1845.
By both example and j)recept Dr. Stevenson
never lost an opportunity to impress upon the
farmers of his State the advantages of good
blood, and he maintained his interest in the
trade until his death, at a very advanced age,
a few years since.

The late Gen. Meredith, who bought his Oak-
land farm adjoining Cambridge City, in Wayne
County, in 1851, wasone of the most prominent

PROGRESS IN THE CENTRAL WEST. 839

of the early Indiana breeders, and afterward
acquired international reputation for his herd.
He was a native of North Carolina, but removed
to Indiana about 1830. He was a man of no-
table physique, standing six feet seven inches
in height, and for a number of years was one
of the most conspicuous figures in the frater-
nity of American Short-horn cattle-breeders.
His entire life was marked by that same deter-
mination and perseverance that impelled him
when little more than a lad to make the toil-
some journey from North Carolina over the
mountains into the West on foot and after ar-
riving to work for |6 per month cutting wood.
He bought his first Short-horn bull in 1836, and
from that time until his death, which occun-ed
Oct. 21, 1875, he never lost his interest in the
breed. He was closely associated with the
leading breeders of his time, included among
his earlier Short-horn-loving friends being such
men as Samuel Thorne, Lewis G. Morris, Lewis
F. Allen and Robert A. Alexander. The foun-
dation cows for the Meredith herd were bought
mainly in Kentucky. The first notable pur-
chase of a bull was the Hates Wild I]yes imp.
Balco (9918), the highest-priced Inill of his fam-
ily at the Kirklevington dispersion sale, men-
tioned on page 240. It was something of an
undertaking to transport him from New York
to Indiana in those days. A letter written by

-f

340 A HISTORY OF SHORT-HORN CATTLE;

his former owner, Col. Morris, accompanied
Balco on the trip addressed to " Railroad and
steamboat agents e}i route to Cambridge City,"
bespeaking special attention to the wants of
"this very valuable bull."

Gen. Meredith was an exhibitor at the first
United States Cattle Show, held at Springfield,
0., in 1857, where a prize of $500 was offered
for the best Short-horn herd. There were five
herds in competition — two from Ohio, two from
Kentucky and Gen. Meredith's from Indiana.
There were five judges, two of which voted
for the Indiana herd, two for the Ohio herd and
one for the Kentucky herd. After two days'
v^^ fruitless balloting the committee unanimously
made the rather remarkable recommendation
that no premium be bestowed, but that, instead,
the money remain in the society's treasury!
And it was so ordered. Gen. Meredith was
considered a fine judge not only of cattle but
of Southdown sheep, improved swine and high-
class horses, and unquestionably rendered the
farmers of the State of his adoption signal ser-
vice along the line of live-stock breeding. He
was a gallant soldier during the War of the
Rebellion, commanding the famous "Iron Bri-
gade " at the battle of Gettysburg. We shall
have occasion a little further on to make refer-
ences to some of the more valuable animals
included in the Oakland Herd in its prime.

PROGRESS IN THE CENTRAL WEST. 341

Thos. Wilhoit of Henry County was another
of the Indiana pioneers whose herd achieved
celebrity. He began with Short-horns in 1851.
when he bought of Milton Thornburgof Wayne
County two heifers and a bull. They were
good cattle for that day, although unrecorded.
It is related that Mr. Wilhoit paid $35 per head
for these unregistered animals, and his neigh-
bors and friends considered this pure extrava-
gance and laughed at what they termed his
folly. His experience with them was never-
theless so satisfactory that in later years he
made several journeys to Kentucky, selecting
animals approaching as nearly as possible his
ideal as represented in the beef type. He
bought four heifers from H. H. Hankins of
Ohio and also purchased females from W. H.
Richardson and the administrator of T. G. 8ud-
duth of Kentucky, paying as high as $500 for
single animals. Subsequeutly the Willioit herd
developed into one of the best in the Western
States, largely through the use of the Booth-
bred Forest Kichard and Scotch bulls, reference
to which wil- be made further on.

Other enterprising men who helped to intro-
duce the breed into Indiana were J. M. Wood-
ruff of Johnson County, in whose hands .Mi-.
R. A. Alexander i)laced the Woodbiirn Herd for
safe-keeping during the Civil War; A. Root.
Lake County; Chas. Lowder, Hendricks County;

d4J A HISTORY OF SHORT-HORN CATTLE.

W. W. Thrasher, Fayette County; J. D. Wilson.
Greensburg; Alfred and Washington Hadley,
Parke County; Smith Wooters, Union County;
Jacob Taylor, Henry County; Joseph Allen, R.
N. Allen and Messrs. Farrow of Putnam County;
James Wright, Franklin County; Messrs. Lott
and T. S. Mitchell, Jefferson County; Thos. E.
Talbot, Madison County; John Owen, Monroe
County; Levi Druley, George Davidson and L.
F. Van Schoick of Wayne County; Eli Harvey,
Addison Hadley and Sidney Hadley of Morgan
County; W. I. Walker of La Porte County; J.
W. L. Matlock, Abram Hoadley, V. Lingenfel-
ter. and Alfred Coffin of Hendricks County;
Messrs. Schol field, Johnson County; Joseph H.
Hendricks and John R. Cravens, Jefferson
County; Rockhill & Nelson and L. S. Bayless,
Allen County; Nicholas Druley, Union County,
and E. Pierce, Whitley County.

Pioneer breeders of Michigan.^In 1843 Mr.
A. S. Brooks of Oakland County, who had re-
moved to ]\Iichigan from New York several
years previous, ordered sent from York State
three heifer calves and a bull calf, all to be pure-
bred Short-horns. With the cows came a lot of
Merino lambs. After a perilous journey on the
lake from Buffalo they were, through the care-
lessness of an attendant, turned loose in the
streets of Detroit and were not located until
three days afterward. They were then driven

PROGRESS IN THE CENTRAL WEST. 343

from Detroit to Mr. Brook's farm. Some idea
of the discouragement which attended early
ventures of this sort in the West may be
gleaned from the fact that one of his neigh-
bors remarked after the arrival of this stock:
"The calves are a very good lot, but the bull
has evidently been fed on shortcake and honey.
But I do not see what you wanted to bring
those little lambs so far for. It would take a
dozen of them to make a pot-pie." The critic
was a man by the name of Chapman, and his
was not the first instance on record where one
who "came to scoff remained to pray." Mr.
Chapman was the first to buy a Short-horn
heifer calf from Mr. Brooks, for which he paid
the munificent sum of $10! It must be remem-
bered that this was an era of very low prices
and scarce money in the West, and the fact
that Mr. Brooks sold a calf for such a i»rice
fairly estal)lished his reputation as a cattle-
breeder, for the simple reason that one could
buy a cow at that period for the price named.*
The first Michigan State Fair was held at De-
troit in 184^), and Short-horns were o,xhil)ited
by Messrs. Brooks and Ira Phillips. The fol-
lowing year the show was held at Ann Arbor,
and it is recorded that there were thirty-four
head of Short-horns on exhibition distrilnittHl

•Piipor by N. A. riiipii lH-forI> tlio Mlcliluran Stato Short-horu Breeders"
AssociHtlon. 1881.

344 A HISTORY OF SHORT-HORN CATTLE.

among nineteen breeders. Some of these were,
however, unable to present satisfactory evi-
dences of pure breeding and were classed as
grades. In 1851 the Short-horn exhibit had
increased to thirty-seven head. In 1853 Mr.
Brooks sold at auction his herd of non-pedi-
greed stock, and then brought from New York
the bull Yonondeo 1116, sired by Old Splendor
767 of the Weddle stock. He also bought the
yearling heifer Fatima, for which he paid $250,
and in 1858 the imported Gwynne cow Camilla.
These purchases were followed by the bull John
o' Gaunt 1707 J, a white, sired by imp. John o'
daunt (11621) out of imp. Romelia, brought out
from England by Morris & Becar in 1854. Soon
after this it is stated that Mr. Brooks sold a
pair of two-j^ear-old Short-horn steers for the
very gratifying price of $228.50. This was in
1860. Soon afterward he bred a very famous
white heifer that attracted the attention of en-
terprising farmers throughout the entire State.
She was fattened and bought by Mr. Wm. Smith
of Detroit, with the expectation of exporting
her to England for exhibition at the Smithfield
Show. This project was not carried out, how-
ever, and she was slaughtered in Detroit. Imp.
Camilla gave Mr. Brooks the bull Sunrise 4411.
He was white in color, symmetrical in form,
and of extraordinary handling quality. He
remained at the head of the herd until five

PROGRESS IN THE CENTRAL WEST. 345

years old, and his descendants were for many
years much sought after by Michigan breed-
ers.

In 1847 George W. Phillips of Romeo began
breeding from cows descended from the impor-
tations of Messrs. Weddle and Newbold of New
York, his first bull being Young Splendor 3611.
In 184.S Edward Belknap of Jackson County
founded a herd with the ])ull American Comet,
a son of the Bell-Bates cow imp. Hilpa, at the
head. Mr. Belknap's foundation cow was
Estelle 2d, descended from Whitaker stock-
Messrs. Moore of Kalamazoo Countj^ owned
a few Short-horns in the early fifties. In
1857 Mr. D. M. Uhl of Ypsilanti appears as an
exhibitor and breeder. About the same time
Silas Sly of Wayne County engaged in the trade
and was a successful showman at the Michigan
State Fairs. In 1855 Mr. J. B. Crippen of Cold-
water entered the lists and pushed the breed
with vigor. He was quite an extensive breeder
and did much to encourage the use of Short-
horn ])ulls thi-oughout the State. In the
spring of 1S57 William Curtis 6c Sons of Hills-
dale County laid the foundation of a herd
which afterward became very prominent in
the State. In IsC] they bought the entire
Cri))l)en herd, and in isiVl secured tiie bull
Llewellyn ()')•.)() from J. O. Sluddon of Now
York. Thov afterward visited KtMituckv and

346 A HISTORY OF SHORT-HORN CATTLE,.

purchased females of the Illustrious, Harriet,
Young Mary, Young Phyllis and White Rose
tribes, as well as the bull J. E. B. Stuart, that
was shown with great success. Other Michigan
breeders recording in Vol. V of the Herd Book,
issued in 1861, were B. J. Bidwell of Tecumseh—
who seems to have started his herd with cattle
purchased mainly in Ohio and Kentucky; his
foundation stock consisting largely of "' Seven-
teens," Daisys (by Wild), Amelias, etc. — and M.
Shoemaker of Jackson, whose Belleflowers (of
the Pansy tribe) obtained a good local reputa-
tion. The latter also had the Estervilles of the
E. P. Prentice (N. Y.) stock.

Amos F. Wood of Mason became interested
in Short-horn breeding as early as 1852 in the
State of New York before his removal to Mich-
igan. In 1867 he brought to the latter State
representatives of several well-known Eastern
families, such as Pansy, by Blaize, and Bright
Eyes, by Favorite. He bred these two families
until 1872, when he added another Pansy and
a Bloom heifer. He continued breeding from
this stock until June, 1874, when they were
sold at auction at an average of $271.50. Mr.
Wood was a Short-horn enthusiast and after-
ward estal)lished another herd.

First Short-horns west of the Mississippi. —
The first pedigreed Short-horn cattle taken west
of the Mississippi River of which we have any

PROGRESS IN THE CENTRAL WEST. 347

record were those with which tlie late X.
Leonard founded his Ravens wood Herd in Coo-
per Co., Mo. This was in 1880, at which date
Mr. Leonard bought from George Kenick of
Ohio the bull Comet Star 9G76. It is of inter-
est to note that this, probably the first pedi-
greed Short-horn bull ever seen in the trans-
Mississippi region, was a white. He was a
yearling, sired by imp. Comet Halley (1S05) out
of imp. Evening Star. Along with him came
the heifer Queen, by imp. Acnion (lOOO) out
of Lady Paley by llantipole 880; second dam
imp. Flora by son of Young Albion (15). For
these the sums of $(500 and $500 respectively
were paid. They were shipped via steamer
on the. Ohio, Mississippi and Missouri Rivers,
being landed at Boone ville at large expense for
transportation. From these Mr. Leonard bred
a number of fine cattle, and they, with their
produce, were exhil)ited at the earliest Mis-
souri fairs. Thus was the l)reed introduced
into the farther West; the Ravenswood Short-
horns commanding the admiration of the pio-
neer farmers of that period. In 1853 Mr. Leon-
ard bought tlie bull Malcolm Inl:!!'., a ivd-nnin
descended from imp. Te(\^water, by Helvedere.
He proved a good sire. The first "State fair"
held in Missouri occurred at Booneville in 1S52,
Ml*. L(M>u:ii(l being an exhibitor an»l receiving
many priz(\s. \[c continued t(. exhibit stock

348 A HISTORY OF SHORT-HORN CATTLE.

at various fairs, alwa.ys with success until the
breaking out of the Civil War.

The early volumes of the herd book indicate
that pure-bred Short-horns were owned in Mis-
souri prior to and daring the early daj^s of the
war by the following: Thomas S. Hutchinson,
who was associated with Mr. Leonard; Elisha
N. Warfield, Horace H. Brand and David Cas-
tleman of Cooper County; H. Larimore, Calla-
way County; Jauies R. Hughes, Pettis County;
Messrs. Brown, Saline County; James Doneghy,
Jackson County; Messrs. Hubbell, Ray County;
Lewis Bryan, Elmira; J. A. Talley, St. Charles
County; B. S. Wilson, Booneville; W. D. Mc-
Donald, Gallatin; D. K. Pitman, St. Charles
County, and Messrs. McHatton and Phillips of
St. Louis County. At a little later period
Mes.-rs. H. Y. P. Block of Pike County, Richard
and William Gentry of Sedalia; C. E. Leonard,
Jeff Bridgford, John G. Cowan, the Duncans, J.
H. Kissinger and many others became promi-
nent in the trade.

Foundation Stock in Iowa. — In the report
of the ninth Iowa State Fair, which was held
in 1SG2, it is stated that Judge T. S. Wilson of
Dubuque was a breeder of Short-horns twenty
years prior to that date, which would indicate
that specimens of the breed were taken to Iowa
as early as 1842. He exhibited at the fair men-
tioned a white bull called Rocket. At the first

PROGRESS IN THE CENTRAL WEST. 849

Iowa State Fair, which was held at Fairfield in
1854, Mr. H. G. Stuart of Lee County and Tim-
othy Day of Van Buren County exhibited Short-
horns, or "Durhams," as they were then com-
monly called in the West. In 185S J. H. Wal-
lace, at that time Secretary of the Iowa State
Agricultural Society, published what he termed
the Iowa Herd Book and continued it for a few
years. An examination of these volumes shows
no record of cattle calved prior to 1849, and
most of them were bred in the early fifties.
Col. E. W. Lucas of Iowa City bought a Short-
horn bull as early as 1845, and there is a record
of a pure-bred bull having been taken into Mus-
catine County by Charles A. W^arfield in 1841.
These are the first references w^e have to the
introduction of the breed into the "Hawkeye"'
State.*

So far as herd-book records reveal the facts,
the first pure-bred Short-horn produced in the
State of Iowa was the bull Marion 1S33, regis-
tered as bred by and the property of Samuel
Hollingsworth, Pilot Grove, Lee County, calved
April 4, 1851, sired by Fremont 516 and tracing
on dam's side to Lady W^ishington by Diomed,
said to have been imjiorted in 1837, but as to
the facts connected with hor importation all
Sliort-horn records are silent. Mr. Hollings-
worth seems to have owned several females be-

* We are Indebted for these (acts to Mr. H. W. Lathrop of Iowa City.

W^

350 A HISTORY OF SHORT-HORN CATTLE.

longing to this same Lady Washington family,
which will be found recorded in the early vol-
umes of the herd book. We should place the
beginning of his work a few years prior to
1850.

Mr. Timothy Day of Van Buren County was
one of the first to begin in a systematic way
the breeding of registered Short-horn cattle in
Iowa. He commenced about 1854, his founda-
tion stock being obtained mainly from Ken-
tucky, and consisted of animals descending
from the importation of 1817. The earliest
sires used in his herd seem to have been Fill
more 2855, a light roan, bred by E. G. Bedford
and sired by the Louan show bull Perfection
810. and Star of the West 3469, a Mrs. Motte
bull of Brutus J. Clay's breeding. He also
seems to have used the bull Nicholas Jr. 752, a
white, bred by Jere Duncan and sired by D'Ot-
ley 432. tracing to imp. Fashion. At least he
recorded females in Vol. IV of the American
Herd Book, entering them as bred by himself
and sired by that bull. It is possible that he
simply bought the dams in Kentucky in calf
to this bull and recorded the progeny as his
own breeding on account of their having been
dropped in his possession. During the great
extension of Short-horn breeding in the West,
following the War of the Rebellion, the Day
herd became one of the most prominent in

PROGRESS IN THE CENTRAL WEST. 851

the Western States through the enterprise of
Messrs. A. H. & I. B. Day, who purchased and
bred some of the best cattle ever owned in the
State of Iowa, and exhibited them wdth suc-
cess in competition with the leading herds of
the time.

Contemporary with the elder Day, Mr. H. G.
Stuart of Lee County founded a herd and bred
Short-horns in considerable numbers, descended
mainly from cows of Kentucky breeding, a ma-
jority of them belonging to the "Seventeen"
and Rose, by Skipton, families. One of his
earliest bulls appears to have been the light
roan Tom Claggett 2299, Ijred in Bourbon Co.,
Ky., by Peter Hedges. About this same date
— 1854^an organization known as the Ohio
Stock-Broeding Co. operated quite largely in
Ohio-l)rpd Short-horns in Butler County, mak-
ing their purchases mainly from the herds of
Messrs. Dun, Harrold, Jacob Pierce and their
contemporaries. They seem to have pushed
their business with some vigor; at any rate
they were enterprising enough to have pre-
pared and inserted in Vol. Ill of the herd book,
published in LS-')?, an illustration of their big
red-and- white Caroline, liy Dashwood, cow
Quince, of James Dun's breeding. In this
same volume of the herd book Peter Molen<ly
of Butler County first appears as iho owner of
the Ohio-bred light-roau "Sevouteeu" cow Ai-

352 A HISTORY OP SHORT-HORN CATTLE.

temesia 3cl, whose bull calf of December, 1857
— Champion 2015 — was sold to William Briden
of Bremer County. Mr. Melendy seems to have
first used the bull Young Colonel 3584, bred by
John G. Dun of Ohio. He sold an Artemesia
heifer, calved in 1858, to George Clark of Cedar
Falls. Among the other owners of Short-horns
in Iowa in the "fifties" were John Patterson of
Burlington; B. N. Moore of Van Buren County;
George Griffen of Monroe County ; J. H. Majors
of Mahaska County ; John E. Teter of Jasper
County, who owned a roan Ohio-bred Rose of
Sharon cow that was calved in 1856; and W.
Duane Wilson of Fairfield, who appears in Vol.
Ill as the owner of an Ohio-bred Rosabella.

About 1860 a religious order holding 3,000
acres of good land in Dubuque County under
the title of the Corporation of New Melleray*
established a herd of Short-horns. They bred
largely from stock tracing to the importa-
tion of 1817; one of their earliest bulls having
been Emperor 3910, bred by Capt. James N.
Brown of Illinois and sired by imp. King Al-
fred. One of their foundation cows was the
roan Beauty Spot — a daughter of Mr. War-
field's Renick 903— bred in Kentucky in 1854.
They also purchased a cow from Hon. J. D.
Smith of Illinois, and another bred in 1854

*The Brothers inaking^ up this Catholic org-anlzation came originally
from Ireland in 1831; estaWishinj? upon the fertile body of land secured In
Pubuaue County what is Imown as New Melleray Abbey.

PROGRESS IN THE CENTRAL WEST. 353

from John P. Henderson of Morgan Co., 111. It
was from this corporation that "Uncle John"
G. Myers of Washington County bought his
first Short-hoi'ns in the early "sixties"; haul-
ing them across country in wagons.

Such were the beginnings of the Short-horn
trade in the great cattle-growing State, which
perhaps now numbers within its borders more
herds than any other State in the Union.

Early Wisconsin herds.— We have referred
on page 276 to an importation made into Wis-
consin direct from pjUgland l)y John P. Roe of
Waukesha County in 1S54. Mr. Roe bred from
imp. Raspberry and other females for some
years, his herd being a source of supply for the
farmers of that part of the State. So far as we
can ascertain, however, a start in Short-horn
breeding had been made shortly before this
importation; the earliest owners of registered
stock in the State ])eing Messrs. C. H. Williams
of Baraboo and Lambert H. Kissam of Berlin,
Marquette County. Mr. Kissam 's operations do
not ap})ear to have been very extensive, but the
Williams herd was maintained for many years
and became prominent G. W. Bicknell of Rock
County appears in tlie hertl book as an owner
of regist(M'ed Shoi-t-lioi-us prioi* to 1S()(). ;is does
also the late Richard Richards of Racine. Mr.
Richards was a devoted admirer of improved
farm stock, and secured his lirst Short-horns

354 A HISTORY OF SHORT-HORN CATTLE.

fioiii Northern Illinois herds and ))y purchase
in Ohio. One of his first investments was the
Rose of Sharon cow Camilla and her heifer calf,
bought of Edward Bebb of Winnebago Co.. 111.
These w^ere of Harness Renick's (Ohio) sort. In
the fourth volume of the herd book entries were
made by Messrs. E. E. Elkins of Kenosha, A. G.
Knight of Racine and C. F. Hammond of Fond
du Lac County, all of whom owned Short-horns
prior to 1859. During the w^ar little w^as done
in the way of extending the trade in this State,
but Wisconsin took a prominent part in the
great revival of interest in the breed that oc-
curred immediately after the conclusion of
peace.

Activity in the show-yard. — While it thus
appears that the foundations of Short-horn
breeding had been laid throughout the cen-
tral corn belt of the Middle West prior to the
Civil War, it was not until about 1865 that
the business received impetus sufhcient to en-
list general attention. Quick to realize the ad-
vantage of public exhibitions as a means of
bringing the breed to the notice of the farming
community, enterprising men began, about the
date mentioned, to seek for the best obtainable
specimens for show-yard purposes. Conspicu-
ous among those wdio came to the front in this
line of work were the breeders of the State of
Illinois. They had already taken the lead so

PROGRESS IN THE CENTRAL WEST. 355

far as the new West was concerned when they
made the importation of 1S57, and they now
began a campaign in behalf of Short-horns at
the fairs that proved productive of far-reaching
results, bringing to the support of the trade
scores of new recruits whose liberal invest-
ments and enterprise spread the reputation of
the Short-horn throughout the largest area of
rich corn and blue-grass land in the world.
Some of the more important of these show-yard
operations leading up to the great '' l)Oom " of
the "seventies" will now be noticed.

William R. Duncan and Minister 6363. —
Mr. William li. Duncan, a Kentuckian wlio re-
moved to McLean Co., Ill,, about 1804, had l)red
cattle for many years in his native State, hav-
ing had in service at one time in his Clark
County herd Mr. Alexander's imp. Orontes 2d
(11877), which he had hired in the fall of 1855
for one year at $655. He brought witli liini to
Illinois a good lot of stock, including quite a
number of Vanmeter Young Marys, Phyllises.
etc., and also the roan Woodlmrn-ln-ed l>ull Ox-
ford Wiley 8753. sired by iiu]). Royal Oxford
(18774) out of a Miss AVi ley dam. ' This bull
subsequently became the propert}' of J. 1>. Ky-
])urn of Bloomington. I\[r. Duncan is chieHy
distinguished, liowever, in counectiou \\'\t\\
Western Short-lioru history by reason of his
exhibition of the show bull Minister ()3G3, bred

356 A HISTORY OF SHORT-HORN CATTLE.

by E. A. Alexander, calved in 1863 and brought
to Illinois by Mr. Duncan as a two-year-old in
1865. He was a strong-backed red, of great
scale and fine style; indeed quite a typical
specimen of the class of bulls then so popular
in Ohio and Kentucky. He was sired by the
Filbert Bell-Bates ])ull Lord Derliy 4949* out of
Minna 2d by imp. Duke of Airdrie (12730); sec-
ond dam the red cow Minna by Bridegroom,
which Mr. Alexander had imported from the
herd of Mr. Fawkes of Farneley Hall

Minister was not only one of the star show
bulls of his day in Illinois but sired show stock,
one of his best sons being the prize bull Royal
Rose 12852, that was out of a Vanmeter Red
Rose- Young Mary dam and sold at auction in
1874 for $1,000. Minister was also the sire of
the roan i\Iiss Leslie, a Young Mary that sold
at Col. King's Dexter Park sale in 1874 along
with her daughter by Gen. Napier for $4,020 to
the late C. A. DeGraff of Minnesota. He was
also the sire of the Young Phyllis show cows
Pattie Moore, Pattie Moore 2d and Queen of
the Meadows.

J. M. Hill's sale. — Among the earlier Illinois
breeders who took an interest in the show-ring
was Mr. J. M. Hill of Harristown, Like most

*Loi'd Derby was sired by Albion 2482, a white bull by imp. Grand Turk
(12969)— a Bates-crossed Booth. Albion's dam was imp. Frances Fairfax,
bred by Mr. Ambler and a half-sister to Mr. Cruickshank'8 noted stock bull
Lord Raglan, by Crusade (TS>38).

PKOGRP]SS IX THE CENTRAL WEST. 857

of the other Western breeders of that day he
had relied largely upon Kentucky for his breed-
ing stock, and he not only Ijought some good
cattle from the blue-grass country but had se-
cured the services as herdsman of David Gmnt,
who had been for a time in the employ of Geo.
M. Bedford. Grant was a Scotchman, who had
gone from Canada to Kentucky to feed show
stock, and later on had charge of some of the
most celebrated prize-winners ever shown in
the West. Mr. Hill died suddenly at Quincy,
111., while the Illinois State Fair of 1867 was in
progress, and Nov. 20 of tliat year his herd was
closed out at auction under the management of
J. H. Pickrell as administrator.* Everything
offered sold quickly at good prices. It w^as here
that the 15th Duke of Airdi-ie was bought by
Hon. John Wentworth of Chicago for $1.2G6.
and "thereby hangs a tale." Hon. M. H. Coch-
rane of Hillhurst, Can., wanted this bull and
sent Simon Beattie to tlie sale to buy him.
The bidding was nifunly by Mr. Beattie and a
stranger whose identity was unknown to any of
the breeders present. Tlie '■unkudwn" liad his

•The Grove Park Herd of Janus N. Brown & Sous had never failed to
got the luMil prize at the Illinois Suite Fair after the herd conipetUlon was
Inaupurated <intll 18t;r at Qulne.v. At that fair J. H. Plckreirs h-rd was
awanled the first prize both for aped animals and foryounp herd. Mr.
mil. who dlwl on the proinula at the close of that show, won the second
prizes on Iwtli herds. Hill liad alw.i.vs said that he woiild Just like to live
louk' enoujrh to lieat rant. Ilrowns hetii. so that he p»>ally acoompllBhed his
obJe<M. He waH sloU when the show was ni.ade and dhxl the next d.-jy, hu»
ho was told that his hertl had beaten Mr. Browus.

358 A HISTORY OF SHORT-HORN CATTLE.

way in the matter, and after the Duke was
knocked off to him presented credentials from
Mr. Wentworth, who was one of the best-known
men in the State. After the bull had been put
on board the cars the buyer produced two cards,
upon which were written in Mr. Wentworth's
own handwriting these words: "If this 'green-
horn' of an Irishman gets lost send this bull to
John Wentworth, Chicago." The cards were
tied to the Duke's horns, and it is needless to
say he arrived safely at Summit Farm, where
he did good service up to his fifteenth year. At
this same sale Mr. D. McMillan of Ohio, whose
herd was one of the foremost of that day, sent
an unlimited order to buy the cow White Lady,
a daughter of imp. Western Lady, for which
Capt. James N. Brown had paid $1,325 at the
Importing Co.'s sale in 1857, and secured her at
^800.

J. H. Pickrell. — We now reach the point
where consideration must be given to the work
of Hon. J. H. Pickrell — the present editor of
the American Short-horn Herd Book — formerly
of Harristown, 111., whose long and active
identification with Short-horn interests in the
United States calls for conspicuous recognition.

Mr. Pickrell descends from a Kentucky and
Virginia ancestry. His father removed from
Kentucky to Illinois in 1828, settling in Sanga-
mon County. J. H. (or "Henry," as his friends

PROGRESS IN THE CENTRAL WEST. oO^

are fond of calling him) was born March 20,
1S34, in this Statp. In regard to his earliest in-
duction into the Short-horn trade "we can do no
better than quote the following characteristic
account furnished ])y Mr. Pickrell himself:

"The month of September, 1859, found me in Kentucky for the
purpose of attending the Bourbon County Fair at Paris i that was
then said to be the oldest continuous fair in the United States)
and the Kentucky State Fair, that was held in Lexington the fol-
lowing week. Arriving at Paris I took a room at the Bourbon
House, expecting to occupy it during the week. Reaching the
fair ground soon after dinner I found a large crowd in attendance.
An Illinois gentleman who happened to be visiting in an adjoining
county and had come to the fair recognized me and informed one
of the directors that the President of the Macon Co. (111.; Fair
was on the grounds. The Marshal was at once started around the
amphitheater to call me. I responded, supposing that he had a
telegram for me. He invited mc into the ring and introduced me
to the ofiBcers, who no doubt thought that Illinois must have been
hard up for men when such a young one as I was should be chosen
for such a position. I was older, though, when I resigned after
nineteen years' continuous service. Whether they thought so or
not I was heartily welcomed and royally entertained during my
visit. At the close of the day's exhibition I was invited by two
or three directors to go home with them. I at first declined, stat-
ing that I had my room secured for the fair. After some good-
natured contention between them one of them remarked that he
had one of the nicest nieces in the world and that she was going
to his home for the night. The hotel room was given up, and you
can guess which one of them I went home with.

" The next week the fair was held at Lexington. As Hon. Bru-
tus J. Clay was President of both fairs and Mr. William AVar8eld
one of the chief managers of the State Fair ; and as the gentleman
who had charge of the Bourbon County Fair, together with the
young people I had met at Paris, were also in attendance, I began
to feel that I was not so much of a stranger after all. The young
ladies were nearly all daughters of ju-omincnt Short-horn breed-
ers and were of cour.se much interested in the awanis, and we all
indulged in guessing which would win the prizes. It was the
largest and much the best display of Short-horns I had ever wit-
nessed at a fair, and I bad been (juito successful in naming the

360 A HISTORY OF SHORT-HORN CATTLE.

prize-winners. When the sweepstakes ring was called from thirty
to forty cows and heifers put in an appearance. One of the young
ladies remarked that she would bet that I could not name the
winner. I asked her to name the stake. She laughingly said that
she did not know what she had to bet unless it would be herself,
so it was soon ari-anged that I should bet myself against her. She
granted me the privilege of accepting the invitation that Mr. War-
field had tendered me of examining the animals before the awards
were made. Upon returning to the amphitheater I named Emma
Hickman (Vol. VIH, p. 338), that had just turned her two-year
mark, and she won the blue ribbon and I won the girl and got the
stakes. Of course it was a safe bet, for had she won I would
have paid. It was my first and last bet, and. as getting married is
a game of chance anyway, I have never been censured for making
it. And as I had proved (to myself at least) that I knew a good
one (cow, and girl, too) I concluded to make Short-horn breeding
my business, and under the circumstances I do not think that
even the Hereford or the 'doddie' men would wonder at my be-
coming a Short-horn breeder."

Sweepstakes 6230.— Mr. Pickrell's promi-
nence ill the Western Short-horn trade may be
said to date from the year 1S65, when he par-
chased from George M. Bedford of Kentucky
the red-and-white Rose of Sharon bull Sweep-
stakes 6230 at $600 as a yearling. Mr. Bedford
had bought the bull as a calf from his breeder,
Abram Renick, for $150. Mr. Pickrell had pre-
viously seen Minister 6363 and liked him so well
that he would have been willing to purchase
him at a long price, but Mr J3uncan would not
part Avith him. Sweepstakes had won a cham-
pionship at the Bourbon County Fair as a year-
ling, having been ''made up'' for that show by
the late John Hope, afterward prominent in
connection with the Bow Park Short-horns in

PROGRESS IN THE CENTRAL WEST. 361

Canada. Sweepstakes was sired ]jy Mr. Renick's
Airdrie 2478 out of Cordelia by Dandy Duke
2691, and therefore carried a douljle cross of
Mr. Alexander's imp. Duke of Airdrie (12730).
Mr. Bedford afterward regretted having sold
the bull, but was induced to do so on account
of his color. He had considerable white, and
the Bedford herd at that time included quite a
large proportion of light-colored cows and heif-
ers. As the red fancy was even then asserting
itself, and as Mr. Bedford had been offered by Mr.
Renick an own brother to Sweepstakes that was
darker in color, he parted with the bull to come
to Illinois. It is related that when " Uncle Abe "
Renick heard that J\Ir. Bedford had received $600
for Sweepstakes he decided that his Bourbon
County contemporary should not get the calf
that he had already priced at $150. Mr. Bed-
ford went over at once to see about it and found
Mr. Renick ill. The housekeeper, who was quite
familiar with all of ]\Ir. Renick's eccentricities,
advised Mr. Bedford not to notice what the old
gentleman had said, saying "old Abe never
would do anj^thing when he was sick." This
did not satisfy Mr. Bedfoi'd, however, and he
left and never secured the bull. Mr. Pickrell
states that Mr. Bedford thereupon offered him
the choice of his entire hoi-d if he would leave
Sweo]ist;ikes, Imt as he (Pickivll) was (lesir(nis
of securing a lirst-ckiss show bull he declined

362 A HISTORY OF SHORT-HORN CATTLE.

to avail himself of this privilege and shipped
the Inill to Illinois.*

At the time Sweepstakes landed in Illinois
Duncan's Minister was having it all his own
way in the West, hut Mr. Pickrell's purchase
soon acquired rank over him. The first meet-
ing of these two j^oung bulls occurred at the
Illinois State Fair at Chicago in 1806. Minis-
ter was a year older than Sweepstakes, and in
their respective classes each received first
prize, but in competition for a $100 bull chan.

♦The first Short-horn Mr. Plckrell purchased for breeding purposes
was Lord Hig'hljmd 4118. which came to the farm In August. ISCO. In Janii
ary, IStil, he "oroupht from Kontucky Diiko of Rockland 2785 and three young
bulls and seven cows and heifers. They were ^ood ones of "Seventeen"
extraction. The next addition to the herd was in June, 1803, when pur-
chases were made in Kentucky from William Warfield, the late James Hall
and Maj. Duncan. In 1864 stock was boug-lit from the herd of Capt. James
N. Brown and James M. Hill of Illinois. In 1S(;5 came Sweepstakes 0230 and
the Phyllis cow Kate Lewis, of Ben F. Vanmeter's breeding-— a cow that
was good enough to win first prize at the Illinois State Fair in 18G8, in com-
petition with one of the best collections of cows ever seen in the "West, be-
sides many other prizes. Mr. Plckrell says: " Kate Lewis was one of the
best specimens of a beef cow that I ever saw and at the same time was the
best milk cow that was ever in my herd. We did not make formal tests
then, as they do nowadays, to see the amount and quality of milk she would
give, but I often measured it after a good big calf had finished nursing,
and frequently we would get a wooden pail full. She w^as the dam of Baron
Lewis 9484, that I sold for $3,000 (the first animal bred in Illinois that sold
for that much). He was her third calf and she died of milk fever after he
■was produced." At this same time Princess Ann was purchased from B.
J.Clay. She produced Princess Belle (Vol. VIII, page 510), a heifer that
won a sweepstakes at the Illinois State Fair over all competitors at two
years old. She unfortunately took the lump-jaw, and as medical aid failed
to cure her was slaughtered and her skeleton was preserved and mounted
and sent to the University of Illinois, at Champaign. This was at the begin-
ning of the revival in prices, and these three animals cost, respectively,
$000, $400 and $250. The price was thought by many to be exorbitant, but it
did not turn out so. They proved to be a splendid Investment. The princi-
pal addition to the herd In 1866 was made from Israel Pierce, whose stock
came from the Messrs. Dun of Madison Co., O. This purchase was followed
the next year by others from Messrs. John G. and W. D. Dun, seven from
B. C. Bedford of Paris (Ky.) and five from the administrator's sale of the

PROGRESS IN THE CENTRAL WEST. 363

pionship the Rose of Sharon was successful.
The following week at St. Louis he again cap-
tured $300 in prizes. These victories were re-
peated at the same shows in 1867, S600 in
money being awarded the Pickrell bull. Of
the four large prizes shown for by these two
bulls during the years of 1866-1867, aggregat-

late J. M. Hill, held in November of that year. In 18G8 Hannibal fiSSS was
purchased. Imp. Duke of Airdrle (12730) was his grandsire, great-grandsire
and great-great-grandsife.

In December, 1868, Baron Booth of Lancaster 7535 and Prairie Blossom,
Vol. IX, page 879 (lioni the herd of J. O. Sheldon, Geneva, N. Y.), were
added. In 1869 some cows were purchased from Thomas Warfleld of
Macon Co.. 111. In the lot was the mother of Lord Highland 411.S. Her first
calf after coming vli the herd was Daisy Booth, by Baron Booth of Lan-
caster, that sold for HMO as a yearling. In this purchase also was Bride
15th (Vol. X, page 521), that produced Lady Bride, that sold at public auction
for $2,850, and afterward won every prize she showed for. Another noted
cow that came about that time was Lady Fairy 12th, from Mr. Warfleld s
herd, and Princess Royal 5th, from B. J. Clay's herd. One or two animals
were added in 1870. In 1371 some Lady Elizabeths were bought from T. C.
Stoner, Macon County, who had bought them from the herd of the Messrs.
Hamilton of Kentucky. In this lot was a calf, Maggie Ellen (Vol. XI, page
861), by Baron Booth of Lancaster, that was sold to the Government of
Japan for $1,000, one of the first lot of cattle ever known to have been ex-
ported to that country.

Mr. Pickrell displayed a fondness for the excitement of the show-yard
at an early age. In the spring of 1810 his grandfather gave him a sucking
mare colt, and although the boy was but six years old at the lime he rode
the dam to Springfield, exhibited the colt and took first prize, which was a
big silver spoon, marked " Sangamon County Agricultural Society, 1840."
Mr. Pickrell has that token of his early show-ring prowess yet. The first
year that lie owned a Short-horn (1861) he made an e.Khibit and won a prize.
The next year he sliowed at Macon, Logan and Sangamon County (111.)
Fairs. His career at the Illinois State Fair commenced in 1S63 and contin-
ued for many years, in the course of which he visited as an exhibitor va-
rious other State fairs. Including Indiana. Ohio and Iowa, and never miss-
ing the St. Louis sliow when they had a, fair at that city. Detiucting'
amounts paid for transportation, feed. etc.. he received during the nine years
from the fall of 1866 to the fall of 1874 $9,120 in prizes, and it may also be
added that during the first fifteen .vears ho bred Short-liorns lie recoivod
from other breeders $2,570 for the use of bulls, a certain iudicatlou that they
were good ones.

Mr. Pickrell says: "Just for curiosity at one time I compnted the period
of gestation of liHt cows in my henl. The shortest perio<l was 25(> days and
the longest 2U« days (both cow calves), the average being 2S3 days."

364 A HISTORY OF SHORT-HORN CATTLE.

ing in value $1,000, Sweepstakes gained three,
possessing a value of $900. At the Illinois
State Fair of 1868 Sweepstakes won the $200
prize offered for bull with five of his get. In
brief he was the ranking bull of the breed in
the West for the years mentioned. He was
closer to the ground than Minister, possessed
fine finish, ample substance, and good depth
and quality of flesh. He had been well han-
dled from the time Mr. Hope had first fitted
him, and proved an exceedingly useful stock-
getter, leaving many valuable calves in the
Pickrell herd.* He was finally sold to Mr. G.
J. Hagerty of Ohio, in whose hands he added
still further to his laurels, siring among other
choice stock there the show heifers Blue Belle
14th and Bonnie Belles 7th and 13th.

Gen. Grant 4825. — While Kentucky was the
chief source of supply for the early Illinois,
Indiana and Missouri herds, it remained for
Ohio to contribute to the West one of the
greatest all-around show and breeding bulls of
American production ever owned in the West-

• After the Hill dispersion sale Mr. Pickrell had engaged David Grant to
take charge of his stock, and that capable feeder and herdsman was Identi-
fied with the g-reat triumphs of Mr. Pickrell's show herds most of the time
until 1875. and it is not too much to say that a large share of the success at-
tained was due to " Davy's " fidelity and good judgment.

George Story was also at Mr. Hill's at the time of the proprietor's de-
cease. His brother 'William Story came to Mr. Pickrell's in time to fit
Sweepstakes and the rest for the shows of 18H7. He was also from Canada
and had been working with sheep with William Miller. It Is needless to
say that William was a proud lad when his pets won first prize that year
over the Hill cattle brought into the ring by Grant and George Story.

PROGRESS IN THE CENTRAL WEST. 365

ern States — the far- famed Gen. Grant 4825.
Few bulls can boast a longer list of show-yard
honors, and no other sire ever used in the State
left a legacy more valuable than the daughters
of Gen. Grant proved to be in leading Western
herds. Calved in 18G2 in the herd of D. ]\IcMil-
lan of Xenia, this remarkable bull was shown
for five years by his breeder at the leading
fairs of Ohio, Indiana and Illinois with but one
defeat. Passing into the hands of Mr. J. H.
Spears of Tallula, 111., in 1S67, he not only con-
tinued to carry prizes at the Illinois, Iowa and
St. Louis shows but sired some of the best cat-
tle the West has ever known.

Gen. Grant came of a noble ancestry. His
sire was the $3,000 bull imp. Starlight (see
page 252), one of the best bulls ever owned in
the State of Ohio. His dam w^as Mr. McMil-
lan's great show cow Jessie (winner of more
first and championship prizes at leading Ohio,
Indiana, Illinois and Kentucky fairs from 1860
to 1867 than any other cow of her day), by
Starlight 2d 2259. It thus appears that Gen.
Grant was the product of mating a son and a
daughter of old imp. Starlight. The youngster
grew to be a remarkablj^ compact bull, with
the general appearance at first glance of being
somewhat undersized; but in good flesh he
would tip the beam at 2.40(1 l])s. His head was
good — perhaps a little too nuisculiue to till the

366 A HISTORY OF SHORT-HORN CATTLE..

eye of some; but "sweet" heads are not spe-
cially to be desired in breeding bnlls. His eye
was remarkably mild, his neck short, his shoul-
ders smooth and his chine and back good. He
was rather high at root of tail and w^anted
filling at the flank; bnt he w^as well balanced
in essential points, had a mellow hide and
one of the silkiest coats of hair ever seen.
In disposition he was so quiet that a child
could handle him, in this respect resembling
his great-grandsire Mario, a bull that Judge
Jones states never required a nose-ring.

Of the career of Gen. Grant in the show-ring
it is scarcely necessary to speak at length. In
the hands of Mr. McMillan he was exhibited in
Ohio and Indiana up to and including his fifth
year, and in all that time met with but one de-
feat.* Passing into the possession of Mr. Spears
he was shown with his get all over the West,
capturing the highest honors in competition
that would astonish some exhibitors at the

•An amusing incident occurred one year when Mr. Spe.irs exUblted
Gen. Grant at the head of his herd at the Illinois State Fair at Peoria.
He was the oldest and perhaps the largest bull in the ring at the head
of a herd. As the regularly-appointed committee failed to respond to the
call the superintendent concluded that he would send In a committee
composed of strangers to the exhibitors. As there was a big show on this
action rather startled the exhibitors. When the " unknowns ' started In
Mr. Byram of Abingdon. 111., who was showing his mother's herd, said to
Mr. Spears: " Who"s that committee? "' Mr. Spears looked a long time, and
not knowing any of them said: " I do not know, but I think they are a tot of
shoemakers and tailors." When after examining the herds they brought the
first-prize ribbon to Mr. Spears Mr. Byram said: '"What do you think of
them now? " " Well, " said Spears, "I reckon they thought my bull's hide
would make more shoes than any bull in the ring,"

PROGRESS IN THE CENTRAL WEST. 367

present day. Often ten or twelve first-class
herds and twenty to forty animals would show
in single rings, and all of them good ones. He
was the first-prize bull calf at the Ohio State
Fair of 1862; sweepstakes winner at same show,
1863; first in his class same year at Wayne Co.
(Ind.) and Indiana State Fairs; first and sweep-
stakes at same fairs, 1864; first prize and sweep-
stakes at the Ohio State Fair, 1865; first prize
and sweepstakes and gold medal as prize bull
with five of his calves at Indiana State Fair in
1866, and at head of prize herd at same fair;
first, with five of his calves, and at head of
prize herd at Ohio State Fair. 1866. In the
year 1865 he stood at the head of the herd
awarded first prize at the Iowa and Illinois
State Fairs. He w^as repeatedly awarded the
first prize at many county fairs in Central Illi-
nois, won first prize at St. Louis and first wdth
five of his get at the Illinois State Fair at Peo-
ria in 1873.

In the herd of Mr. McMillan Gen. Grant
proved a most valuable sire, two of his get,
Mignonette and Wenona, bringing respectively
$3.S00 and $3,000 at his great sale soon to be
mentioned. As to what he did in Illinois we
can do no better than to quote the language of
Mr. Spears:- "He was a sure and good server,
and, allow me to say. the best and most uni-
form breeder I ever saw or over expect to see.

368 A HISTORY OF SHORT-HORN CATTLE.

He never got a calf in all his long career but
what would readily sell at a first-class price;
while as a show bull and getter of show ani-
mals he stands unrivaled." At Mr. Spears'
great sale of 1875 the Nelly Bly family, largely
the get of Gen. Grant (tracing to imp. Lady
Elizabeth by Emperor), were pronounced by
many of the most prominent breeders of Ken-
tucky and other States the best family of cows
they had ever seen together, and the fine aver-
age of over $1,500 was attained in the sale-ring
that day.* Prominent among the Nelly Blys
may be mentioned the 5th and 7th of the fam-
ily, the latter a grand breeder and show cow
and sold for $2,000. Of his bull calves the most
noted that we now recall were Mr. Kissinger's
famous Starlight 11018, Duke of Forest Hill
(never beaten in the show-ring except by bulls
got by Gen. Grant) and Major Story. The two
latter were shown at all the leading fairs of
the West, usually winning first and second. A
wonderful show calf also was Major Jones,

•Col. James W. Judy of Tallula, 111., the veteran auctioneer who made
this sale, in response to a query as to the character of these cattle, under
date of Feb. 4, 1898, said: " The Nelly Blys bred by Mr. Spears were a grand
family of cattle — g'ood feeders, good milkers and very prolific and almost
invariably good colors llnd very uniform in their general make-up, which
was very neat, and I think many of their sterling qualities were largely due
to the blood of Gen. Grant. He was a low-down, well-proportioned, blocky
bull; a yellow or pale red, with no white; solid red, with a remarkably
mellow hide and as fine a coat of silky hair as I ever saw on a bull, and
was a very uniform and regular breeder, and was a great factor In spread-
ing the fame of the Spears Nelly Blys— in fact did more for the reputation
of Mr. Spears' herd of Short-horns than any bull he ever owned, the 21st
Duke of Airdrie not excepted."

PROGRESS IN' THE CENTRAL WEST. oO*J

that during a whole fall campaign of State and
county fairs (including 8t. Louis) was never
beaten, taking sixteen first prizes^and we be-
lieve every time by a unanimous vote of the
awarding conimittee — in rings where there
were often twenty or more competitors. It is
idle to attempt to say which were most uni-
formly good of the get of Gen. Grant — his bulls
or his heifers. Mr. Spears was never able to
decide, and Mr. McMillan often said, after the
bull came West, that for uniformity of breed-
ing he had never known the General's equal.
He died at Mr. Spears' Forest Hill Farm at the
Yi\)G age of fourteen years.

Baron Booth of Lancaster. -We now have
to note ail epoch-marking event. ]\Ir. Pickrell
had parted with Sweepstakes and Spears was
triumphant with Gen. Grant. The desire to
gain honors in the show- ring now asserted itself
actively throughout the West. Leaders in the
trade sought in ever direction for heav}^ show-
yard timber. Wliile the Kentucky and Ohio-
bred cattle and their descendants were con-
tending among themselvos for the mastery in
the Ohio and Mississippi Vall(\vs Hon. M. H.
Cochrane of Hillhurst, Can., began a series
of importations destined to ]iroduce marked
changes in the prevailing channels of trade.
Tn ]S()7 his agent, that fine judge of a good
Short-horn, the late Simon Beattie, selected

24

370 A HISTORY OF SHORT-HORN CATTLE.

and brought out by the steamship Austrian
from Glasgow to Montreal a cow and a bull
calf that proved to be makers of history. One
was Rosedale; the other, Baron Booth of Lan-
caster 7535. Of the former we shall have more
to say later on. Of the latter we must now
speak as a new force in the progress of the
breed in the Western States. Greater cows
than Rosedale may have trod American show-
yards. Greater Short-horn bulls than Baron
Booth of Lancaster may have "starred" the
great show circuits of the Nation. History has
failed, however, to record the names of any
such. The Baron came from Scotland. He
was bred by G. R. Barclay of Fifeshire and was
got by Baron Booth (21212)* out of Mary of
Lancaster — one of a set of triplets bred from
the herd of Amos Cruickshank of Sittyton —
by Lord Raglan (13244). His second dam was
Lancaster 25th (of same derivation as Mr.
Cruickshank's Lavenders — from Wilkinson of
Lenton) by Matadore (11800), a bull that was
a brother to Mr. Alexander's imp. Mazurka, by
Harbinger. Mr. Cochrane exhibited the young-
ster as a yearling at Montreal, Hamilton and at

* Baron Booth was bred by Mr R. S. Briiere of Braithwaite Hall, York-
shire. He was got by Prince George (13510) out of Vesper by King Arthur
(13110), and was bought by Mr. Barclay when a two-year-old for $1,000. He
was the sire, among other noted animals, of the $6,000 bull imp. Cherub;
Star of Braithwaite; the great show heifer Booths Lancaster, Booth's
Seraphina, and the bull Knight of Warlaby, used by Messrs. Hunter in
Canada.

PROGRESS IN THE CENTRAL WEST. o71

the New York State Fair in 1 868. At ear-h show
he won first in his class and headed the win-
ning herd. A scale of points was used in the
judging at the York State Fair, and Baron
Booth was ci-edited with 9.j0 out of a possi-
ble 970 points; 1,000 being counted as perfec-
tion in a female, 30 points being allowed for
udder.

Through Wni. Miller of Canada, afterward of
Storm Lake, la., ]\lr. Pickrell learned of the
wonderful young Iniil Mr. Cochrane had flashed
upon the public in Canada and the East, and in
company w^ith AY. R. Duncan visited Ilillluirst.
They found the bull even better than they had
anticipated, and for a consideration of S 1,550
Mr. Pickrell secured hiin for the Harristown
Herd.* He was brought to Illinois by Mr.
Miller, who with characteristic thrift ran the
gauntlet of the customs with a valuation of
$100 on the bull. The new arrival was in-
stalled in his new position in January, 18t)*.l,
where he romained in service until his death,
which occurred while en route to the Illinois
State Fair of 1878. It is doubtful if a gninder-
backed bull has ever lieen produced by the
Short-horn breed. His top from crest to tail-
root was the wonder of his time. Such breadth

• Duncan boupht :i yearllntr lu'tfcr on this same trip out of Rosedalo by
a Diiko bull, i'i>ncornliiir wlilch ' WlUle " Miller saya: " The alr«« was om-
phatU-ally /)ii(J and (mjirfwiir. I bellevo the helfor never bred, which waa
Just ua Well, for she was a bad one.'

372 A HISTORY OF SHORT-HORN CATTLE.

and depth and evenness of flesh had not before
been seen in the West, and his smoothly-cov-
ered hips were something of a revelation to
those who had been accustomed to the rough-
ness often ol)servable at the "hooks" in the
leading herds of that date. He was a bull of
magnificent substance, possessing great depth
of chest and was heavily filled behind the shoul-
ders. That he was a kindly feeder is well shown
by the following figures: When he went into
herdsman David Grant's hands in January, 1869,
he weighed 1,580 lbs.; April 28, 1,730 lb§.; June
16, 1,810 lbs.; Aug. 31, 1,965 lbs.; Feb. 22, 1870,
2,170 lbs.; July 1, 1870, 2,290 lbs.; Sept. 2, 2,400
lbs., and at full maturity 2,600 lbs. He at once
took and held a commanding ^Dosition in the
show-ring, and was never beaten, as a sire
shown with his progeny. It must be remem-
bered that we are now dealing with the days
of the battles of the giants of the Western
arena; that the "all-star" combination of Col.
William S. King, the like of which has possi-
bly not since been seen in America, was on
the road; that Gen. Grant and Tycoon were in
the field; that ten to twelve herds often en-
tered the competition; that sometimes thirty
to forty animals were engaged in a single ring.
To have been the most successful bull of this
golden age of the Western shows is sufficient
to stamp Baron Booth of Lancaster as the

PROGRESS IN THE CENTRAL WEST. o i o

greatest Short-horn of his day and generation
on this continent.

The Bjij'on began his career as a show Imll
in the United States at the Ohio State Fair of
1869 at Toledo, Mr. Pickrell having shipped his
Illinois cattle to that point, where he met great
competition, eleven hei'ds competing in the
Short-horn class. Daniel McMillan of Ohio
had been winning the herd prize at the Buck-
eye show for so many years that it was consid-
ered rather presumptuous on the part of an
Illinois breeder to beard the lion in his den in
this manner. On the morning of the show Mr.
Pickrell would have been very willing to have
divided the money with McMillan, but before
night he had been awarded the $200 prize for
best herd, the Baron also receiving first prize
in his class and tho $100 bull championship.
The McMillan herd was very celebrated at this
date, being headed by the Canada-bred Plan-
tagenet G031, and included some of the best
of the Jere Duncan (Kentucky) Louans and
other good sorts. Mr. Pickrell had visited it be-
fore the Toledo show, and then went to Ken-
tucky to attend the Bonrbon County Fair. Mr.
McMillan asked him to examine the Kentucky
herds carefully to see if he thought it would
pay to send the Ohio show herd to that State,
Mr. Pickrell reporttnl favorably and the A[c-
Millan herd was so exhibited, and with success.

374 A HISTORY OF SHORT-HORN CATTLE.

The Ohio cattle vv^ere then shipped to the To-
ledo and afterward to the Peoria (111.) Fair,
being defeated at both points by the Pickrell
herd. Soon after these shows the Pickrell
and Spears herds came together at the Illinois
State Fair at Decatur. Messrs. McMillan and
Charles Fullington, who were both noted Ohio
breeders of that date, were present as visitors,
and, desiring to honor them, the superintend-
ent placed them upon the committee, to wdiich,
of course, nobody could object, although under
the circumstances it was scarcely fair, as Mr.
Spears had purchased Gen. Grant from Mr.
McMillan and the bull's dam, Jessie, had been
bred and owned by Mr. Fullington. They gave
the Spears herd the prize. After the awards
had been made the gentlemen passed up to the
amphitheater, where Mrs. Pickrell and her sis-
ter, Miss Bedford, w^ho lived in Kentucky, were
stationed, and of course the award was dis-
cussed in the presence of the ladies; where-
upon Miss Bedford remarked that she was
"getting scared." She "didn't know Kentucky
was getting so far behind. An Ohio herd went
South and beat everything there was in Ken-
tucky. This same herd then goes to the Ohio
State Fair and an Illinois herd comes along and
defeats it. Then the following week the very
herd that beat the Ohio herd is beaten by an-
other Illinois herd." So she thought Illinois

PROGRESS IN THE CENTRAL WEST. 375

was getting clear ahead of Kentucky and was
getting a little ahead of Ohio. All of which
rather annoyed the Ohio breeder and inciden-
tally foreshadowed the future. At this same
show Baron Booth of Lancaster was so unfor-
tunate as to be turned down to third place in
the class for two-year-old bulls, first prize
going to 25th Great Republic, owned by the
Shakers and shown by John Martin, and sec-
ond prize to a bull called Sucker Boy shown by
Harvey Sodowsky of Vermilion Co., 111. Nei-
ther of these bulls cut any figure in subse-
quent showings, and the committee that did
the work was severely criticised.

In 1870 Baron Booth was first-prize and cham-
pion bull at Quincy, 111., at the Iowa State Fair
and at the Illinois State Fair, champion at St.
Louis, first and champion at Canton, and stood
at the head of the groups that won the $1()0
championship for best display at the Iowa Show
and the $100 prize for the bull showing five
best calves at the Illinois State Fair. In 1S71
he was first and champion at the Illinois State
Fair, first at St. Louis, and at the head of the
first-prize herd at same show, besides winning
numerous firsts and championships at local fail's
for himself and get. In 1872 he was again first
and clianipion at the Illinois Stat«"» Fair, won
the $200 bull sweepstakes at St. l^ouis and was
everywhere first with his get. In fact he was

376 A HISTORY OF SHORT-HORN CATTLE.

never defeated in showing with his progeny,
and during these four years gained for the Pick-
rell herd prizes aggregating in value over $4,000
cash.*

As a stock-getter he "nicked" especially with
cows and heifers by Mr. Renick's old Airdrie
2478 and those by the 11th Duke of Airdrie
5533. It was a cross upon an Airdrie cow that
gave Mr. Pickrell Baron Lewis, a bull that de-
feated his sire for the bull championship at an
Indiana State Fair and was the first bull ever
bred in Illinois that commanded a price of
$3,000. Another Airdrie "nick'' was the phe-
nomenal Lady Bride, that sold for $2,850 and
walked through the Illinois, Iowa and Missouri
shows an undefeated heifer. Among the great
Baron Booths out of 11th Duke of Airdrie dams
may be mentioned Louan Hill's 4th and 5th and
Caroline 15th, all noted show animals.

* Mr. Pickrell entered a competition at Canton, 111., In 1870, where $500
was oflfered for the best display of not less than ten nor more than twenty
head. He had Baron Booth of Lancaster at one end of a string' of eighteen
head of nice cows and heifers and at the other end of the line had the
Baron's best son. Baron Lewis. Mr. Dunlap of Jacksonville showed ten
head and was awarded first prize. The relative values of the competing
lots may be judged from the fact that Mr. Dunlap made a sale the following'
year at which his ten prize-winners brought a total of $2,700 and were con-
sidered well sold at that. Mr. Pickrell sold Baron Lewis alone tor $3,000
ftnd bad bis sire and eighteen cows and heifers left.

CHAPTER XIII.

THE BIRTH OF A "BOOM."

While the breeders of the Central West were
successfully extending the Short-horn power
in the Upper Mississippi Valley States, largely
through the medium of impressive show-yard
displays, operations were under way in Eng-
land and the East that were soon to stir the
trade to its very depths. Prior to the appear-
ance in the West of imp. Baron Booth of Lan-
caster the Duke of Airdrie- crossed cattle —
mainly of Alexander, Bedford. Renick, War-
field, Vaumeter and Duncan origin — practi-
cally held undisputed possession of the field.
Aside from Gen. Grant there were but few
great show cattle that did not carry some per-
centage of the blood and show more or less of
the character of the Wood burn Duke. Daniel
McMillan of Ohio had, it is true, headed his
show^ herd with the Canada-bred Plantagenet
fiOHl, bnt that bull was got by Oxford Lad
(24713). bred by J. 0. Sheldon "of New York
from imp. Duke of Airdrie's sire imp. Duke of
Gloster (11382) out of a Bates Oxford cow. so
that he Also fell within the rule that the Hates-

(377)

378 A HISTORY OF SHORT-HORN CATTLE.

crossed Short-horns were the ruling ring-side
power. The American-bred cows, with which
the Bates blood had "nicked" so kindly, were
possessed, as a rule, of sound constitution and
ample scale, and among them were many ex-
traordinary milkers. Some of them were more
or less lacking in refinement of character. Un-
der these circumstances it is easy to under-
stand how the Bates cross acquired public fa-
vor; the prepotent, fine-styled, level-lined bulls
of that strongly-bred type stamping neatness
and finish wherever their impressive seal was
set.

"Royal" honors for Bates cattle. — On the
other side of the Atlantic, while Booth and
Towneley had been doing most of the winning
at the shows, certain wealthy and enthusiastic
followers of the fortunes of the Bates-bred
tribes had occasionally tried conclusions with
their rivals at the National shows with good
success. The Earl of Feversham was first at
the Chester Royal of 1858 with 5th Duke of
Oxford (12762).* At the Leeds Royal of 1861
Col. Gunter won high honors, gaining first in
the cow class with Duchess 77th over animals
shown by Richard Booth and Lady Pigot. He
was also first in three-year-old heifers with

♦Speaking- of this event Richard Gibson says: "This was my first
Royal, and the impression left upon my mind hy 5th Duke of Oxford has
never been obliterated. He was large and carried lots of flesh. The way
he moved and the air of conscious superiority he assumed I have never
forgotten."

THE BIRTH OF A "jiOOM."' 379

Dachess 7Sth — twiimea with Duchess 79th,
thac was placed fourth in same class; Richard
Booth's Soldier's Bride being second. In year-
ling heifers Gunter was first with Duchess 88d.
It soon became evident, however, that the
stock would not successfully withstand forcing
for this purpose, and the show business was not
persistently pursued. Gunter had started in
18o3 with Duchesses 67th and 6(Jth. both white
and Duchess 70th, red-and-white. and soon be-
came the only possessor of the tribe in England
Duchesses exported to England.— In the
spring of 1801 Samuel Thome visited England
and was besought on all sides for Duke and
Oxford bulls. Accordingly, he sent over soon
afterward the roan 8.1 Duke of Thorndale 2789
the roan 4th Duke of Thorndale 2790. the white
5th Duke of Thorndale 3488. the red Imperial
Oxford 490."), and the heifer 4th Lady of Oxford.
The 5th Duke sickened on the vovage and died
in Queenstown harbor, but the rest sold .|uick]y
after landing at Liverpool at prices varying
from 800 to 400 guineas each in gold. Of these
the 4th Duke of Thorndale and Imperial Ox-
ford ac(|uiied great celebrity in England as
sires. The former was bought bv Mr. Hales at
400 guineas and earned that amount in fees
alone during the h'rst two seasons. At Mr
Hales' sale in 1sc,l> ho was taken for the Mar-
quis of Exeter at 410 guineas after a sharp con-

880 A HISTORY OF SHORT-HORN CATTLK.

test with Col. Gunter, who subsequently ac-
quired the bull (in 1867) at 440 guineas. He
w^as maintained in service at Wetherby until
his death at ten years of age in 1869. The 4th
Duke was sired by Duke of Gloster (11382) out
of Duchess 66th, and enjoyed with the 7th
Duke of York (17754) the distinction that at
tached at that time to the fact that the pair
were the only "pure" Duchess bulls in Eng-
land. Of his career abroad Mr. Thornton
writes:

" The stock left by this bull is not only numerous but valuable,
showing the style and character for which the blood is remark-
able. Probably no bull earned more money in single fees. In ap-
pearance he was a fine-looking animal ; his head and crest were
magnificent, his hind quarters long and good, but the tail-head
was rather too high. His shoulders, which were perhaps a little
upright, made him appear somewhat deficient behind them, and
the great length of his quarters detracted from his middle. In
hair, quality of flesh, and in grandeur of style and carriage he
was wonderfully good."

One of the 4th Duke of Thorndale's English-
bred heifers from a Cambridge Rose dam gave
rise to w^hat is known as the Thorndale Roses,
the original heifer of that name being sold pri-
vately in 1864 for 200 guineas to Mr. Betts.
Her half-sister, The Beauty, by Puritan (9523),
for wiiich Mr. Jonas Webb gave 160 guineas at
the Cobham Park sale, w^as bought by Lord
Braybrooke at Webb's sale of 1863 in calf with
Heydon Rose, which in the hands of his lord-
ship founded a costly family bearing her name.
Nine descendants of The Beauty at the Webb

THE BIRTH OF A "BOOM." 381

sale made 1,203 guineas; one bull, Lord Chan-
cellor (20160), afterward a Royal winner, bring-
ing 400 guineas.

Imperial Oxford was extensively used upon
the Grand Duchesses, being the sire of the fa-
mous Grand Duchess 17th. 4th Lady of Oxford
also acquired renown, not only as a breeding
animal, but in the show-yard as well. In 1802
Mr. Thorne sent to England Lord Oxford 30iJl.
2d Lord Oxford, Bishop of Oxford, and Duke of
Geneva 3858 of J. 0. Sheldon's breeding. These
also brought high prices, 600 guineas being ob-
tained for tlie latter. The Duke entered the
English show-yard with success and became
very famous in the Bates Short-horn breeding
ranks, dying the property of Lord Penrhyn in
1867. These shipments were followed by the
exportation by Ezra Cornell* of Ithaca, N. Y.,
of the young bull 3d Lord of Oxford 4958, bred
by Mr. Thoi-ne; that also sold on the other side
for 600 guineas.

Early in the "sixties" Mr. R. A. Alexander
exported to England 2d Duke of Airdrie
(10600), 5th Duke of Airdrie (19601) and the

* Mr. Cof nell, who was tho muniflofiit fmimior of Corn.U Tnl vprsity. ha«l
mad.- an Importation of Bates oattl.- from Knpland. In l^tVi. oonslstln*.- of two
Pidtjft lu-lfers (lU'll-Batosl.and a Klrkl.-vinfrton from C. W. Harvoy. He
malnlalnod a hinl of Short-boms for a n\imJx>r of y.>ar8: the pedljrreos of
nioHt of which may be found In Vols. VUI to XVI of the herd book.

AnioiiK' oth«>r Eastern bretnlers who were becoming promluent In Short-
horn brcdlnj: about thi.s lime w.re Me.ssrs. A. H. Conper, T. L. Harlson.
»;e.>ri.'e Hutts and Me.ssrs. Wadsworth of New York; Messrs. Wlnslow and
A.W. (iilswold of Vermont: Ausiistua Whitman of M.i«.s.'\ohus«<tts and B
Sunuier of Conniftleut.

382 A HISTORY OF SHORT-HORN CATTLE.

6th Duke of Airdrie (19602). These all repre-
sented outcrosses upon the Duchess tribe. The
2d Duke was a roan sired by the Duchessr
crossed Booth bull imp. El Hakim (15984). He
was calved in the fall of 1856 and in 1859 was
awarded a $1,000 championship at the St. Louis
Fair. He was a bull of marked excellence, and
became the property in England of Messrs. C.
Howard of Biddenham and J. Robinson of Clif-
ton Pastures. The 5th Duke was also a roan,
calved in the spring of 1859. He was sired by
a bull called Lord Languish (20188). that had
been bred at Wobdburn from imp. 2d Duke of
Athol and imp. Lydia Languish, by Duke of
Gloster (11382); a cow that traced in the ma-
ternal line to the herd of Mr. Robertson of
Ladykirk. The 5th Duke was used by Mr. T.
Barber of Sproatley Rise. The 6th Duke of
Airdrie was a red, dropped in the spring of
1860 by 2d Duchess of Airdrie to a service by
the white bull imp. Albion, son of imp. Grand
Turk (12969) and Fawkes' Frances Fairfax. The
breeding of these bulls and the fact of their ex-
portation shows that the fashion for cattle bred
strictly in the Bates line did not receive the
countenance of the broad-minded proprietor
of Woodburn, and that fresh blood in Mr. Bates'
favorite family was not deemed an objection in
the minds of at least a portion of the English
Short-horn breeding public at that date. Imp.

THE BIRTH OF A "BOOM." 386

Albion was also exported back to England
along with these Dukes of Airdrie.

The Grand Duchesses. —A very famous
branch of the Duchess tribe, descended from
Mr. Bates' Duchess 51st, had been founded in
England under the name of Grand Duchesses.
They originated with Mr. S. E. BoJden of
Springfield Hall, Lancashire, who sought to
correct what he regarded as the faults of the
Bates type by means of fresh crosses. Accord-
ingly he introduced extraneous blood through
the medium of the bulls Cherry Duke (125S9),
Prince Imperial (15095) and 2d Duke of Bolton
(12739). The two latter carried Booth blood;
the Prince having for dam Bridecake of the
Bliss tribe, and the latter running to Richard
Booth's Fame. While the family attained
great reputation, and produced some extraor-
dinary individual animals, such as Grand Diike
3d (16182) and that remarkable cow Grand
Duchess 17th, by Mr. Thome's Imperial Oxford
( 18084), some of the partisans of Bates breed-
ing have strenuously denied that the outcrosses
really did anything for the vitality of tiie stock.
The fact nevertheless remains that in later
years the so-called "pure" Duche.'^ses became
totally extinct, and had it not been for the
Airdrie and (Jrand Duchesses. Iioth of which
carried Booth outcrosses. Mr. Bates' favoritt^
family would have disappeared.

384 A HISTORY OF SHORT-HORN CATTLE.

Mv. Bolden had sold in 1860 twenty head of
Bates Waterloos at an average of £92; Sir Cur-
tis Lampson giving 165 guineas for Waterloo
20th. • In 1862 he disposed of his entire herd,
including the Grand Duchesses, to Mr. Ather-
ton, who soon afterward parted with the Grand
Duchess family, consisting of nine cows and
four bulls, to Mr. Hegan of Dawpool at private
sale for the lump sum of £5,000. Three of
these cows proved barren, and after Mr. He-
gan's death in 1865 the tribe — by that time
numbering seventeen head, of which twelve
were females and five bulls — sold at a memor-
able auction held at Willis' rooms in London.
The Thorndale bull Imperial Oxford had been
used in the herd and was also included in this
sale. It had been Mr. Hegan's desire to close
the lot out as a whole, and it was understood
that the Hon. Col. Pennant had offered £6,000
for the twelve females. This was perhaps the
first case on record where cattle were sold at
auction without the animals being in the pres-
ence of the bidders. The stock had been pre-
viously examined at Dawpool.

The sale proved thoroughly sensational in
many respects, as is shown by the comments
of the London press at that time. From the
Illustrated Xcics we quote:

" A perfect bridal lunch greeted the congress of about 120 lead-
ing Short-hoi'n men— peers, M. P.s, clergymen and laymen — who
attended to see the great battle at Willis' rooms over the eighteen

THE BIRTH OF A "bOOM." 385

Grand Dukes and Duchesses. Lord Feversham was in the chair,
supported by Gen. Hood (who came, like several other members
of Council, direct from Hanover Square), and the Bates men made
up a most imposing array, while Mr. Torr and Mr. Thomas Booth
were at the head of the great rival house of 'the red, white and
roan.' The noble chairman declared his Kirklevinpton faith in
such unwavering fashion that the Booth men complained he ra-
ther ignored Bridecake's share in the Grand Duchess pedigree."'

Mr. E. L. Betts of Preston Hall, Kent, bought
the whole herd of Grand Duchesses, which were
sold in "blocks of three." For the first trio he
paid 1,900 guineas; for the second, 1,300 guin-
eas; for the third, 1,800 guineas, and for the
fourth, 1,200 guineas; also securing Imperial
Oxford to accompany them at 450 guineas.
The Grand Dukes were scattered; the Duke of
Devonshire buying Grand Duke 10th at 600
guineas. The London Times said on, the fol-
lowing day:

''The splendor of such an event almost pales the strongest
blazo that can be got up by agricultural societies. There is no
such test of value, no such triumph of enterprise as that which is
obtained without shows and judges and prizes in the auction-xxx)m.
Here is a plain commercial proof of what can be done and how far
we have advanced upon our forefathers in the matter of kine. '

Mr. Betts, the new owner of the family,

closed out his herd at auction in May, 1S67.

He had not been particularly successful.

Grand Duchesses lOth, 12tk and lltli ail died

from indigestion and iinpaction resulting from

tli(> IVciliiigof undecorticated cotton-seed cake.

'I'lic 7th and BUh were slaughtered and his

best hull calf of the liilu^ dit^l just before tlie

sale. Xcveithclcss some assLuuiidiiiiii prices
So

386 A HISTORY OF SHORT-HOKN CATTLE.

were made; the thirteen head bringing 5,615
guineas, an average of 432 guineas. Grand
Duchess 17th, described as ''a beautiful cow
with good ribs, mossy coat and splendid touch,"
was carried to 850 guineas, at which figure she
was taken by Capt. R. E. Oliver of Sholebroke
Lodge, who also secured the 18th at 710 guineas.
C. H. Dawson gave 700 guineas for Grand Duch-
ess 19th; Lord Penrhyn 550 guineas for Grand
Duchess 8th, and Earl Spencer 430 guineas for
Grand Duchess 20th. The highest price for a
bull was 510 guineas, paid by Mr. Roberts for
Grand Duke 16th (24063); Mr. A. Brogden giv-
ing 305 guineas for Grand Duke 17th,

Havering Park sale.— In May, 1867, Mr. D.
Mclntosji of Havering Park, Essex, Eng., who
had devoted himself successfully to the breed-
ing of Bates cattle, held a sale that attracted
widespread attention. 3d Duke of Thorndale
and Grand Duke 4th had been largely used,
and the sale included four descendants of Mr.
Thome's Lady of Oxford 4th. Her daughter
Lady of Oxford 5th, "a splendid roan, with much
substance and quality," had been a winner as a
calf at the Worcester Royal in 1863 and at this
sale brought the top price of 600 guineas from
the Duke of Devonshire. Baron Oxford, a two-
year-old by the American-bred Duke of Geneva
(19614), was eagerly competed for, falling to Col.
Townelev at 500 guineas, while his half-brother

THE BIRTH OF A '*BOOM." 387

Baron Oxford 2d went to ^Ir. Holland at the
same price.

Sheldon of Geneva. — Mr. J. 0. Sheldon of
White Spring Farm, Geneva^ N. Y. (not Illi-
nois, as certain English writers persist in put-
ting it), upon whose shoulders fell the mantle
of Samuel Thorne, began breeding Short-horns
by making the importation mentioned on page
274. A few years later he bought from ^Ir.
Thorne the bull imp. Duke of Gloster (113S2).
Duchess G4th and her daughter 1st Duchess of
Thorndale, together with Duchess 66th and hor
daughter Duchess 71st. In 1860 he bred from
the latter the bull Duke of Geneva (19614), sold
to Mr. Thorne and exported to England. Shel-
don also secured some of the Oxford blood from
Thorndale, and in 1860 bred from that family
the bull Oxford Lad (24713), which acquired
great reputation in the herd of the Hon. David
Christie of Canada. Sheldon also bought large-
ly from Mr. E. A. Alexander, securing a num-
ber of the daughters of imp. Duke of Airdrie,
among others the \'ictoria cow Vara (that be-
came the dam of the noted stock bullWeehaw-
ken 5260), and females of the Mazurka, Con-
stance, ^liss Wiley, Vellum, Jubilee, Lady Bates,
Roan Duchess, Pearlette and other noted Wood-
burn families. He also bought from Mr. Alex-
ander the 7t1i Dnko of Airdrie b'uVl.

In 1866 Samuel Tlu^rne decided to close out

388 A HISTORY OF SHORT-HORN CATTLE.

his herd and devote his entire time to the
leather trade in New York city, the business
that had been his fatlier's chief source of rev-
enue, and Sheldon with characteristic shrewd-
ness bought the entire Thorndale Herd of
Duchesses, Oxfords, etc., at a reported price of
about $40,000. This gave him a monopoly of
the so-called "pure" Duchess blood in Amer-
ica; and as the English landed proprietors, as
well as prominent Kentuck}^ breeders, were de-
veloping a marked preference for Duke and Ox-
ford bulls he now occupied a strong speculative
position.

Geneva cattle abroad. — In the fall of 1867
Mr. Sheldon exported to England two bulls
and a heifer of the Duchess tribe, and six Ox-
ford heifers. They were taken to the Queen's
farm, Windsor Park, and sold at auction Oct.
15 of that year. After inspecting the Ameri-
can cattle the company adjourned for business
to the cafe of the Castle Hotel, where cham-
pagne flowed freely, and for the first time in a
long professional career Mr. Strafford, as auc-
tioneer, sold cattle by candlelight. The white
7th Duchess of Geneva was knocked off to Mr.
Leney of Kent at 700 guineas. In fact Leney
was the chief bidder, and his persistency and
activity added great zest to the proceedings.
8th Lady of Oxford and 6th Maid of Oxford
were taken respectively by Col, Towneley at

THE BIRTH OF A "bOOM." 389

450 and 400 guineas. Leney paid 400 guineas
for 4th Maid of Oxford, Col. Kingscote 250
guineas for Countess of Oxford and Mr. Down-
ing 200 guineas for 5th Maid of Oxford. Leney
also paid 260 guineas for 7th Maid of Oxford.
The young bull 12th Duke of Thorndale was
very much out of condition and was bought in
by Edwin Thorne at 185 guineas,* but the roan
3d Duke of Geneva went to Mr. Mcintosh at
550 guiiieas. For the entire lot SI 7,325 was
obtained, an average of $2,615.50. The six Ox-
fords averaged $2,293. When to the total the
then existing premium on gold was added
Sheldon had nearly $20,000 in American cni--
rency, less the expenses of transportation. In
commenting upon this result the London Illus-
trated News said: "People differ in opinion as
to whether the American lots would have made
most under the greenwood or around the ma-
hogany tree; but the sale was unique in char-
acter and served to stamp 1867 as an annus
mirahilis in Short-horn history." In fact this
invasion of England by Sheldon created some-
thing of a sensation on both sides the water.f

In 1860 Mr. E. H. Cheney of Gaddesby Hall
bought from Mr. Sheldon the two-year-old
heifer 11th Duchess of (Geneva, the yearling

• 12th Duko of Thorndale aftorward became the property of D. R. Davlee
of Mere Old Hall.

tLondon Piiiirh tuok up ili(< afT.ilr and dropped luto verse under the
caption, "Tlie Golden ijUort-liorua."

390 A HISTORY OF SHORT-HORN CATTLE.

14th Duchess of Geneva and the bull calf 9th
Duke of Geneva for the lump sum of $12,500;
and at the same time the roan bull calf 8th
Duke of Geneva was exported to Messrs. Har-
ward & Downing at $4,000.

Walcott & Campbell.— While Mr. Sheldon
was thus acquiring international position in
the Short-horn trade Messrs. Walcott & Camp-
bell, proprietors of the extensive New York
Mills Sheeting Factories, on the Mohawk River,
some two miles north of Utica, had laid the
foundation of the herd that was destined to
confound the agricultural world. The Hon. S
Campbell of this firm was a native of Ayrshire,
Scotland, who, from working at the loom, be-
came superintendent and eventually partner
in the great cotton mills mentioned. In ac-
quiring water privileges lor the mills it had
been necessary to purchase some 1,400 acres of
rich bottom land, which the firm desired to
put to some profitable use. The idea of cattle-
breeding suggested itself, and Mr. Campbell's
early instincts inclined him naturally to the
dairy breed of his native county. He first
turned his attention, therefore, to Ayrshires, in
partnership with Mr. James Brodie, a Scotch-
man who had also imported, in connection
with a Mr. Hungerford, a few Short-horns,
among which were two cows and a bull from
the herd of J. Mason Hopper. These cattle

THE BIRTH OF A "bOOM." 81J1

had a doul)le cross of Belleville (6778) and were
superior specimens. Mr. Campbell bought
Hungerford's interest and eventually acquired
Brodie's.

Richard Gibson was employed as manager of
the farm and cattle, and speaking of the trans-
action just mentioned says:

"By this deal Mr. Campbell became possessed of Short-horns,
for which he had no love at the time, and I doubt if he ever had.
It was only the calves that he cared for Of an Ayrshire he was
a fair judgre, and as they were a paying investment in supplying
milk to the operatives they were looked upon with a great deal
more favor by the proprietor than were their swell relatives the
Short-horns. 'Gibson, what good are they? They give no milk;
just one mass of blubber; you can't eat them.' This idea of a cow
simply raising a calf was preposterous, just as among the opera-
tives every child must work, and usually the mother as well. So
it is easy to understand that in this community of busy workers
no drones- were allowed, and the Short-horn cow at rest in the
rich pastures of the Mohawk Valley, negligently chewing her cud,
was entirely out of keeping with the surroundings. Why should
the patrician English cattle live in purple and fine linen ? They
weaved not, neither did they spin!

"The remark quoted came in response to my question as to
what bull to breed the Short-horn cows to. I was led to make
this inquiry on seeing the men take out the Ayrshire bull to the
Short-horn cow imp. Rosamond. My ire arose. No more such
sacrilege was permitted, but it was some months before I could
persuade Mr. Campbell to allow me to buy a bull. I eventually
secured Weehawkcn, bred by J. O. Sheldon. Upon this bull
hinged the destiny of the breed so far as the Mills was concerned.
He proved a most impressive sire, and as his progeny dovelo|ied
his value became more established, and yearly the treasury of the
New York State Agricultural Association was laid under contri-
bution. After returning from one of our successful trips Mr.
Campbell put the situation in this way: ' Now I find your things '
(ho always called them 'Gibson's things' up to a certain time)
' are giving us notoriety. We must either get rid of them or go in
deeper. 1 don't ask ycuir opinion ; I know what th.-\t will bo; but
this 1 ask, can we take as high a position with Short-boms as we

392 A HISTORY OF SHORT-HORN CATTLE.

have done with Ayrshires? Remember, I will play second to
none.' My reply was: 'You can't unless you can persuade Mr.
Sheldon to sell his herd, which I feel sure he will not do. But
you can do this : go on the opposition tack and buy Booths and
beat him in the ring wherever he shows.' "

Gibson* was quite familiar Avitli the extraordi-
nary show-yard career of Booth Short-horns in
England and had not failed to notice the sensa-
tion created on this side the wat-er bj^ Mr. Coch-
rane's importation of Baron Booth of Lancas-
ter and Rosedale. He accordingly had a long
conversation with ]\rr. Campbell, explaining
that there were then practically no Bootli
Short-horns in America, and it was decided
that Gibson should go to England at once and
make pnirhases of cattle of that blood. This
was in 1869 ; and the events that followed may
best be understood by a brief digression at this
point.

First Hillhurst importations. — Hon. M. H.
Cochrane of llillliurst Farm, Quebec, Can., was
jDrominent among those enterprising men who

*Mr. Gibson was born in England in 1840, almost beneath the shadow
of Belvolr Castle, the seat of the Duke of Rutland. Educated at the gram-
mar schools of Derby and Lincoln he entered a grain merchant's of&ce for
a period of two years, after which he studied closely for four years the
farming- methods of his father, who had gained various prizes for the best
cultivated farm in Derbyshire. Speaking of his early life Mr. Gibson says:
"My father always kept a pure-bred btiU. The first I remember was a son
of Earl of Dublin, the white Princess bull used by Sir C. Knightley ; and the
first noted bull I recollect was the same Earl of Dublin. The farm reeked
of Short-horns, as it was occupied by Mr. Smith, a purchaser at Collings'
sale, and a member of the Dishley Club. The old men talked of Lancaster
and Comet, and the yarns when shearing sheep, etc., fell on ears whose
sensitive organism was receptive to the quaint language and enthusiasm
of the illiterate but observant herdsman." One of a family of fourteen chil-
dren and the eldest of eight sons he determined upou arriving at the age of

THE BIRTH OF A "BOOM."' 893

contributed largely to the great expansion in
Short-horn trade and values that set in just
prior to 1S70. It was in 18G7 that he began
his memorable series of importations. The in-
itial shipment, selected l)y the late Simon Beat-
tie, consisted of two of the greatest show-yard
celebrities known to American Short-horn his-
tory, to-wat.: Baron Booth of Lancaster, al-
ready referred to, and the wonderful Booth

twenty-one to seek his fortune in America. He landed at Quebec in 1861 and
for two years following- worked at farming in Ontario, after which he re-
ceived an appointment as manager for Mr. Delamater. a shipbuilder of New
York, who owned a 1,500-acre farm on Long Island. After two years' serv-
ice in this capacity he was employed by Mr. Campbell to manage the farms
at New York Mills. He retained this responsible position until about one
year prior to the great closing-out salr- of the herd, subsequently engaging
In Canada In the Importing and exporting trade on his own account, and
afterwanl purchasing his present farm of Belvoir. where, after a remark-
able experience In connection with the international trade in pedigreed
live stock, he still resides.

In the course of his eventful career Mr. Gibson has crossed the Allan
tic more than thirty times, usually on business relating to the live-stock
trade, and has enjoyed the acquaintance of a majority of the moat promi-
nent Short-horn breeders of his time. He has b(;en a frequent contributor
to the agricultural press and has served as an expert judge of many differ-
ent varieties of live stock at the leaiilng shows of North America, besides
being President of the Dominion Short-horn Bretnlers' Association and of
the Dominion Kennel Club. Like Jorrocks of old he is a thorough believer
in the efficacy of "a bit o' blood, whether it be in a 'orse, a 'ound ' or any
other of the many four-footed or feathered pets by which Anglo-Saxons of
rural tastes love to snrronr.d themselves. One of the most companionable
of men, fond of a gooil diiu\er and a good story, an admirable racontfur him-
self, he is never so happy as when living again in retrospect the stirring
scenes of which he has been a witness, .lud his wealth of cattle lore is over
at the service of those wh) share his interest in the great achievements of
the rare old worthies of the past.

Mr. Gibson belouirs to a remarkable family His brother John T. was
managiT for Col. Wllliaiu S. King when Lyndale was in Its prime, and w,n8
Hubsequi-nlly ni.niagcr ft)r.T. .T. Hill of North Oaks. Another brother. Wil-
liam, was mtmager of the Niagara Heni of Mr. Bronson C. Rumsey of Buf-
falo, N. Y. Still another brother, Arthur, is manasrer for Mr. Phllo L. Mills
of Ruddlugton Hall. Nottingham. Eiig.. and a fifth brother. Charles. Is his
asslst.int. A sixth memlxr of tlio family. Kdwiu. Is in .Vustralla. and Fred
is in India.

394 A HISTORY OF SHORT-HORN CATTLE.

COW Roseclale, bred by Lady Pigot. Along
with Rosedale came her bull calf Capt. Aiton
6512. Baron Booth went into the West to win
imperishable renown in the herd of Mr. Pick-
rell, and Rosedale soon afterward followed;
being purchased by Col. William S. King of
Minneapolis, in whose hands she proved the
sensation of her time.

In 18G8 Mr. Cochrane imported eleven head,
four of which were of Bates breeding and the
remainder of Booth blood from the herds of
William Torr and R. S. Bruere. He resolved
to be "in" on the Duchess proposition as well
as the trade in show stock of Booth deriva-
tion, and bought from Col. Gkinter of Wetherby
Grange, Yorkshire, the yearling heifer Duchess
97th for $5,000* — the highest price up to that
date ever paid for a cow or heifer of any breed;
and from C. W. Harvey of Walton-on-the-Hill^
Liverpool, the young Bates cow Wild Eyes 2Gth
and her bull calf. Meantime he had secured
from Sheldon the 1 1th Duke of Thorndale. This
shipment is notable not only for the purchase
of the Duchess heifer at a startling price but as
having included the roan bulls Robert Napier
8975 and Star of the Realm 11021; the former
bred by Mr. Torr, descending from Booth's
Anna, and the latter bred by j\Ir, Bruere from his

* This was the first Duchess female Gunter had parted with up to 18(;8.
He had refused in I860 an oiler from Mr. Belts of 1,000 g-uineas for Duchess
84th and her heifer calf Duchess 92d.

THE BIRTH OF A "bOOM." 395

Vesper tribe. We have already alluded to the
great impression made hy Baron Booth of Lan-
caster upon the breeders of the Centi-al West,
and quick appreciation of the value of these
Booth bulls was shown in another quarter.
William Warfield became the owner of Robeii
Napier* and A. J. Alexander, who had succeeded
to the ownership of Woodburn upon the death
of his brother, R. A. Alexander — which occurred
Dec. 1, 1867 — took Star of the Realm.

In 1869 Mr. Cochrane made two importa-
tions, one in June and one in August. These
were practically all Bootli-crossed stock, from
the herds of such successful adherents of the
house of Booth in Great Britain as Messrs. R.
Chaloner of King's Fort, Ireland; T. E. Pawlett
of Beeston, T. Barnes of Westland. Ireland:
Torr of Aylesby and Hugh Aylniei' of West
Dereham Abbey, Norfolk. One of the Ijulls. the
roan Torr-bred Gen. Napier 8199, was bought
by Col. William S. King, the owner of Rose-
dale, who was easily the most daring- operator
of the day in the Western States.

The time seemed ri])e. therefore, for New

•Mr. Warfield says: "Robert Napier was a larpe bull of groat scale
and wolgrht. but not what I would call a very fine bull, neither was he a
uniform breeder. His calves— Bertha (Vol. XV. papo 417). Loudon Duchess
6th (Vol. XI. page S88), 3d Gem of Grasmen- (Vol. XXI. patre 6o27>, Loudon
Duke 12th 2;«47. and Bridesmaid (Vol. XXII. pagre 17(173)— w«.iro as fine anl-
mal.s as I ever bred. He rci-elved an injury on bolnp shipped to the fairs on
tlic railroad, which I b<>ll<'v<' w;ia permauetit. I (rave hlni to :\ neighbor and
I think he finally fell Into the hands of Mr. Dean. Maryvllle. Mo "' Another
fltio da\iK-hter of this bull, bretl by Mr. Wartield, was Lucy Napier. Iviu^ht
and shown by J. H. Plohn^ll.

396 A HISTORY OF SHORT-HORN CATTLE.

York Mills to follow Gibson's advice and go
gnnning for Sheldon with Booth weapons.

Gibson buys Booths for New York Mills. —
T. C. Booth of Warlaby was now at the cli-
max of his show-yard renown. Commander-
in-Chief (21415) and the marvelous Lady Fra-
grant had been champions of the breed at the
Leicester R03 al of 18G8." While the Bates men
had forced prices for their favorites to a high
l)()int Warlaby also had a powerful following
throughout the United Kingdom, and nothing
but very tempting offers would induce Mr.
Booth to part with any of his best cattle to
come to America. Mr. Gibson had not gone so
far, however, for the purpose of purchasing in-
ferior specimens, and at the handsome figure
of $5,000 secured the great roan heifer Bride of
the Vale, sired by Lord of the Valley (14837)
out of the famous Soldiers Bride. He also
bought the roan bull calf Royal Briton (27351),
])red at Warlaby from Lord Blithe (22126), tra-
cing through Crown Prince to Bride Elect.
From the same noted nursery of show-yard
champions came the roan heifer Merry Peal,
by Commander-in-Chief, and the white heifer
White Rose, by Mountain Chief. From R.
Chaloner, King's Fort, Ireland, he bought the

*The last appearance of the Booths at the Eng-lish Royal was at Man-
chester in 1869, upon which occasion Lady Fragrant was champion female
and Earl of Derby (21638), bred and shown by Wiley of Brandsby, was cham-
pion bull.

THE BIRTH OF A "bOOM." 397

white heifer Fair Maid of Hope and her bull
calf King of the Ocean. Four other heifers
were also selected, included among them being
the white Knightley heifer Lady Oxford. Hill-
hurst had already set the pace. The price paid
for Bride of the Vale ($5,000) was fixed by the
fact that Gunter had just ol)tained that unpre-
cedented figure from Mr. Cochrane for a Duch-
ess heifer. The Booths were quite as proud of
their reputation and prestige as were the fol-
lowers of the fortunes of Thomas Bates, and
Warlaby females were quite as difiicult to ob-
tain as were specimens of the Duchess tribe.
It had been Mr. Booth's settled policy not to
sell females to contemporary British breeders
to be retained in England. He had permitted
Mr. Bolden to send out a shipment to Austra-
lia, and we believe that a Ohriston heifer had
been sold to Mr. B. St. John Ackers of Prink-
nash Park, who was a distant relative. At that
time, however, this tribe had not been admit-
ted into full fellowship with the time-honored
Booth Short-horn strains. Aside from these
transactions Bride of the Vale and Merry Peal
were, we believe, the only heifers Mr. iiooth
had parted with for breeding purposes, and
they W(M-e only sold with the understanding
that they were lo bt^ lakeii \o AuKM-ica.

In 1S70 ton brad were impoi'ted. including
the Ohriston Ih^tVi-^ Patricia and Minaret. In

398 A HISTORY OF SHORT-HORN CATTLE.

this lot were two heifers from Torr's Waterloo
tribe and the roan Baron Oxford's Beauty from
Col, Towmele3^'s. This shipment experienced
cold weather at sea, but the day the cattle
landed in New^ York harbor the thermometer
registered 105 deg. in the shade. Poor Patri-
cia, for which $5,000 had been paid, succumbed
to the heat on shipboard before the cattle
could be h^mded. Had the rest not been
carefully handled after unloading other losses
would doubtless have occurred. Gibson had
them hauled from the dock to the railway
freight-yard in canopy-covered "lorries," with
a big sponge tied on top of the head of each
animal and a boy alongside of each cow to
apply cold water. In this w^ay they were safe-
ly started for the farm.

The Mills now had indeed the nucleus of a
herd which might well set Bates men thinking.
Cochrane and Simon Beattie in Canada were at
this time attracting the attention of the trade
on both sides of the water by their extensive
importations of Booth -crossed stock, and it
really began to look as if that type might at
last become a formidable rival of the Bates
tribes in the New World.

Sensational transfer of the Sheldon herd. —
Sheldon was nothing if not shrewd, and soon
scented danger in the Booth propaganda with
such backers in the East as Walcott & Camp-

THE BIRTH OF A ''boOM/' ;j09

bell, Simon Beattie and M. H. Cochrane, and
such sympathizers in the West as the influen-
tial breeders already mentioned. He resolved,
therefore, to make terms with the New York
Mills management, and offered to sell Mr
Campbell one-half of the Geneva herd This
was in 1861). Mr. Gibson advised that the pur-
chase be made. Mr. Campl^ell replied- "But
you don't know the price." The imperturbable
Gibson rejoined: ''Never mind that. Buy"
The price was a big one, and the herd was to
be divided by a process of alternate selection
Sheldon secured first choice in the "to^s up"
and picked 12th Duchess of Geneva. The se-
lection proceeded until Mr. Sheldon had in ad-
dition to -the 12th, the 4th Duchess of Geneva
ami the loth. 12th and 13tli Duchesses of
Thorndale. Walcott & Campbell got the 6th
8th and 13th Duchesses of Geneva and the 3d
and 9th Duchesses of Thorndale. Of the Ox-
fords Sheldon secured 0th Ladv, 3d ^laid '^d
Countess and Gem of Oxford. Gibson took'the
ah and 10th Ladys and 2d Maid. The entire
ot ^yas gone over in the same fashion, and
the 4th Duke of Geneva, then at the head of
the herd, was retained in common. Further-
niore, it was agreed that no Oxfo.-.l ..r Dncliess
tcmale was to he sold l)y eitlior paitv until the
other had the first option. The Duchesses had

400 A HISTORY OF SHORT-HORN CATTLE.

cost Walcott & Campbell an average of $5,500
each and the Oxfords $2,800 each.

Immediately after this division of the herd
Sheldon began stocking up again and within a
year his stables were found full to overflowing.
He, of course, looked to Walcott & Campbell
to buy the entire outfit. He was playing the
Duchess game for all there was in it. The
New York Mills people declined to be baited,
however, in any such wholesale manner. They
were perfectly willing to take the Duchesses
and Oxfords, but this did not suit Sheldon.
The facts as to the deal which finally resulted
in their transfer to Walcott & Campbell in
1870 are set forth by Mr. Gibson in the follow-
ing language.

"Sheldon had not filled his barn for naught. A deadlock en-
sued. James Wadsworth was nibbling, Col. King of Minnesota
was after them and so was Cochrane of Canada. A sale cata-
logue was then circulated and date arranged. Walcott & Camp-
bell's hands were forced and they were obliged to buy in self-de-
fense. The lot was taken, fifty females and fourteen bulls, at a
round $100,000, with interest at 6 per cent until paid. Now Mr.
Campbell, though born an alien, had confidence in the Govern-
ment's pledges to pay. Mr. Sheldon was a Democrat and guessed
otherwise. Gold was about 160 and the agreement was that when
the settlement was made it was to be on the basis of gold as
quoted on the day of sale. Result: $60,000 paid the original debt
of $100,000. Mr. Campbell could have paid at time of purchase
just as well as not, but preferred waiting under the circum-
stances and therein got a chance to 'even up' with Mr. Sheldon."

"Duke" bulls in demand. — Thorne and Shel-
don's European trade had served as a great
advertisement for the Thorndale and Geneva

THE BIRTH OF A "BOOM." 401

stock. The Kentuckians, naturally predisposed
to favor the Duchess proposition by reason fjf
their satisfactory experience with the kindred
Woodburn blood, contributed to the upbuild-
ing of the " boom." Edwin Bedford had bought
2d Duke of Geneva 5562, and during his brief
career that bull made a distinct "hit," as stated
on page 305. Mr. Bedford then got the 5th
Duke at $3,000. Col. King of Minnesota se-
cured the 6th at the same price. In 1869 Mr.
Alexander took the 10th Duke of Thorndale
(28458) from Sheldon at $5,500. A. W. Gris-
wold of Vermont had given $3,000 for the 14th
Duke of Thorndale (28459) as a calf, and in 1869
George M. Bedford purchased him at $6,000.
The 8th and 9th Dukes of Geneva had gone at
$4,000 each, and Cochrane had the 11th.

The Bates tribes were now (1870) firmly held
by powerful interests on both sides the Atlan-
tic. Walcott & Campbell, after their prelimi-
nary flii-tation with the Booths, had gone into
the Duchess speculation.* and this gave the
Kirklevington sorts a prestige that needed
only the great sale at New Yoik Mills to fairly
stampede America to the Bates colors. Mean-
time the West was aroused to action by the an-
nouncement of a dispersion sale of the entire
herd of Mr. Mc^Iillun of Oliio. and as this was

•The New York Mills nooth cattle were afterwani sold to Mr. Coch-
rane, who sent some of thciu back to Euirlauci
3fi

402 A HISTORY OF SHORT-HORN CATTLE.

the opening gun in a most extraordinary era
of auction sales in America the event will be
noticed in detail.

The McMillan sale.— Mr. Daniel McMillan
of Oakland Farm, Xenia, 0., had for many
years been breeding Short-horns descended
from the Ohio and Kentucky importations.
He had been a frequent exhibitor at the lead-
ing fairs of the West, and the herd was one of
the best known in the United States. Indeed
Mr. McMillan was the first breeder north of
the Ohio River to cross swords with the Ken-
tuckians in their ov/n show^-yards. This event
occurred in 1869. The herd was at that time
headed by Plantagenet 6031, but Mr. War-
field's Muscatoon defeated this bull in the class
showing. In the herd competition, however,
the McMillan cattle prevailed. '^= The great

•The best of the McMillan show herds had been fitted by James
Lyall, a Scotchman, who had come to America in 1856 as an assistant in
connection with the ill-fated shipment of Short-horns made that year via
New Orleans by Alex. Barrett of Henderson, Ky. The ship experienced a
tempestuous passage, being- nearly six weeks at sea, and all of the Short-
horns but two were lost, included among those that perished being the
famoiis Douglas show cow Queen of Trumps, by Belleville (6778), for which
500 guineas had been paid.

Lyairs father was at this time herdsman in the old coimtry for Douglas
of Athelstaneford, so that the young man had been reared to the cattle
business. He remained with Barrett four years, going to McMillan in 1863.
Tlie show bull Gen. Grant was then a yearling. Mr. Lyall fitted the show
herds for their most successful campaigns, as well as for this closing-out
sale, after which he was Identified with the noted herds of George Murray
Ol Racine, Col. William S. King and others.

Unfortunately the show bull Plantagenet and the great cow Louan 13th
had been lost shortly before the sale. Plantagenet was a very massive
bull of Imposing presence, a bull of more substance than Gen. Grant, al-
though a bit rough at the tail-head, and not so good in his auarters.

THE BIRTH OF A "bOOM." 403

prices that were now current in England
and the East stimulated the rapidly-rising in-
terest in Short-horns throughout the entire
Union, and it was indeed an historic gathering
that assembled at Oakland on the morning of
the 8th of June, 1870, Practically all of the
leading breeders and exhibitors, not only of
the East but of the West, were present. The
cattle were tied in line along a fence for exam-
ination, and here for the first time the Short-
horn breeding fraternity of America may be
said to have actually assembled, all former
auctions having been more or less local in their
character. The sale w^as held in a grove and
no seats w^ere provided for the company. This
did not- detract, however, from the complete
success of the occasion, as the bidding was
active and spirited from start to finish.

Following is the list of females sold for $500
or over:

Mignonette,* red show cow ; sired by Gen. Grant out of his

own dam, Jessie— C. C & R. H. Parks. Waukep-an. HI.. 13.800

4th Louan of Oakland, yearling heifer; by 2d Duke of

Geneva 5502— J. C. Jenkins, Petersburg. Ky 3,650

Louan 31st, + eight-year-old show cow, bred by Jere Duncan ;

sired by Duke of Airdrie 2743— Geo. Murray, Racine, Wis. 3,600

•Mlpnonctte, It will be observed, was Incestuouslj" bred. She was a
very tine show heifer .is a ycirllng .ind two-ye.Tr-old. but Brew too •■ lumpy *'
for the 8how-y.ird .-md did no pood as .1 breeder. She w.is sold by Messrs.
P.irks Inimedl.itely .ificr the a.ile to Gi^orjre Murray at M.OOO.

t Louan 2l8t was tho best of her family In the henl at this time, although
in the opinion of Herdsman Lyall not so jrood a cow as old Jessie, the dam
of Gon. (Irant. He describes .Tessic as a re<i of preat scale, with (rood head,
excellent quarters and line nualiiy. altogether the b«^st cow that Mr. Mc
Mlllan had over owned, alihoutrh iucLlued to tx? up on leirs.

404 A HISTORY OF SHORT-HORN CATTLE.

Wenona, red show cow, tracing to imp. Louisa; sired by

Gen. Grant— W. J. Neely, Ottawa, 111 $3,000

Forest Queen, red two-year-old; by Plantagenet — George

Murray 2,800

Louan 35th, red show cow ; by Duke of Airdrie 2743 — E. G.

Bedford, Kentucky 2,625

Highland Lady, roan cow, bred by J. M. Hill, Illinois; sired

by imp. King Alfred (3053). dam White Lady, bought by

Mr. McMillan at the Hill sale already mentioned— J. H.

Spears, Tallula, 111 2,075

6th Louan of Oakland,* red show heifer; by Plantagenet —

George Murray 2,000

Louan 23d, roan show cow; by Lord Derby — A. J. Dunlap,

Galesburg, Dl 1,750

Louan 39th, red cow : by Duke of Airdrie 2743— T. J. Megib-

ben, C3mthiana, Ky 1,650

Linda Belle 2d, red show heifer; by Plantagenet— J. H.

Spears 1,525

6th Duchess of Oakland, red-and-white three-year-old; by

Plantagenet— George Gregg, Beech ville, Can 1,500

7th Duchess of Oakland, red two-year-old ; by Plantagenet

- James FuUington , Union Co. , O 1,400

Flora Belle 3d, roan yearling — J. H. Spears 1,325

Magenta, red heifer calf; by Plantagenet, dam Clinton Lady

—J. H. Spears 1,105

Oxford Duchess, red cow— W. M. Baines, Metamora, Ind. . . 1,075
Fannie Hunt, red three-year-old ; dam Anna Hunt, of Mr.

Warfield's breeding — A. J. Dunlap 1,025

Myrtle, roan twelve-year-old cow; by imp. Starlight (12146)

—James FuUington 1,005

Anna Clark, red-and-white cow, bred by C. M. Clark — Mil-
ton Briggs, Newton, la 950

Eudora 2d, red heifer: by Plantagenet — B. H. Campbell,

Batavia, 111 910

Clinton Lady, red nine-year-old cow— Jesse Hagler, Fayette

Co. , O 850

Louan of Oakland, red cow — Milton Briggs 800

* Lyall, who had been consulted by Mr. Murray as to what to buy, and
who afterward entered the employ of Mr. Murray, tried to induce h.ijii to
take the 4th Louan instead of the 6th, as the former was a g-ood one and
liOuan 6th was slack in her loin and never could make a cow. This advice,
however, was not followed. It has been generally believed that Mr. Mur-
ray really boiight what stock he wanted privately, before the sale, and had
it passed through the ring.

THE BIRTH OF A " BOOM." 405

Louan 12th, red eleven-year-old cow— R. G. Dun, London, O. $800

Rosa Bonheur, red-roan three-year-old — James FuUington . . 750

Emma 2d, red cow— B. H. Campbell 730

Anna Egffleston, red cow— Thomas Kirk, Fayette Co., O 730

10th Belle Republic, red cow— Milton Briggs 700

141st Belle Republic, red co w — Milton Briggs 700

3d Louan of Oakland, roan two-year-old — J. VV. Armstrong,

Deer Park, 111 600

Honey Bud, roan two-year-old— B. H. Campbell 600

Oxford Queen, heifer calf; by Plantagenet— J. W. Arm-
strong 560

Vain Lady, red two-year-old : by Gen. Grant— B. H. Camp-
bell 525

Minna Watson, roan heifer calf— H. B. Sherman, Toledo, O. 525

May Day, red-and-white cow— B. H. Campbell 525

Bride of Greenwood, red-and-white, bred by David Selsor —

George Gregg, Canada 525

Erama Palmer, red-and-white cow, twelve years old; by

imp. "Warrior (12287)— Thomas Kirk, Fayette Co., O 500

Eudora, roan cow — Charles Hook, Xenia, O 500

Oneota, cow ; by Duke of Airdrie 2743 — Jesse Hagler 500

4th Belle Republic, roan cow — Milton Briggs 500

Of the bulls Royal Oakland, a red two-year-
old by Plantagenet out of Mignonette, brought
the highest price, $1,300, from James FuUing-
ton. This bull had been winner of first prize
at the Ohio State Fair of 1S68. and stood at the
head of the breeders' herd at the same show in
1869. He was resold the next day for $-2,000.
The rest of the bulls ranged in price from S75
for old Oxford Lad up to $825 for Royal Lad —
a yearling by Plantagenet. The entire herd
brought $G3,980, an average of $8(U.()0. Twen-
ty-four head went to Illinois at $23,625, twen-
ty-five head to Ohio at $13,265. six liead to Iowa
at $4,350, six head to Kentucky at $11,090 and
three to Wisconsin at $8,400.

406 A HISTORY OF SHORT-HORN CATTLE.

Col. William S. King. — One of the most in-
terested spectators at the McMillan sale was
Col. William S. King of Minneapolis, Minn.,
who was one of the first to introduce Short-
horns into the Northwest and wiiose lavish in-
vestments in show and breeding stock contrib-
uted so largely to the development of a taste
for Short-horn breeding in the Western States.
The controlling motive in the establishment of
his Lyndale Herd w^as the improvement of the
cattle stocks of the Northwest. Short-horns
were but little known in Minnesota even while
Brown, Pickrell, Duncan, McMillan, Spears and
their contemporaries were fighting their earlier
show-yard battles in Illinois. Col. King was
himself without special know^ledge of them at
that time, and indeed began his work by an
unavailing effort to introduce Ayrshires among
the farmers of the Northwest. Reared in the
stock-growing and dairy region of Northern
Central New York his thoughts naturally re-
verted first to the herds of the Empire State
and he has given us an amusing account of
how his attention became first diverted from
the Ayrshires to the Short- horns and as to how
his first purchase was received upon arrival at
St. Paul in 1867. In the autumn of that year
he visited the J. 0. Sheldon herd at Geneva,
N. T., and was captivated by it. One of the
Duchesses had just dropped a bull calf— the

THE BIRTH OF A "bOOM." 407

5th Duke of Gleneva— which he contracted for
at $3,000; but before the youngster was
shipped Sheldon arranged for an exchange of
the 5th Duke to Edwin G. Bedford of Ken-
tucky for the 0th Duke of Geneva.* In 1869
Col. King added by purchase from the Sheldon
herd a Bloom, two Gwynnes, a Mazurka, and
several other females, including Constance 6th,

••■I took occasion on one of my frequent trips east to visit the New
York Mills Herd of Ayrshires, which was then reputed to be the finest of
the kind in the United States. It was on that occasion that I first met both
Mr. Campbell and Richard Gibson and formed an acquaintance with the lat
ter which led to many later business transactions between us and a friend-
ship which still exists and has been to me a source of much pleasure. But
to my story. Tellinff Mr. Campbell the purpose of my visit the old gentle-
man Ifft his business office and walked with me to the barn, where, calUne
for Gibson, he ordered out for review his Scottish pets, which Gibson
begran to assemble from the various small lots adjoining the bams and
yards. While standing on the platform of the barn looking at the Ayr-
shires there was a great crash near by, and looking in that direction I saw
a young Short-horn bull about eighteen months old which had dashed
through a partly opened gate to an adjoining yard and with head and toil
erect stood before us a living picture of animal beauty. • Whafs thaf ' said
I to Mr. Campbell. 'Oh, thafs one of Gibson-s things, a Short-horn, but I
dont think much of them,' was the reply. But a frtend who had accom
panled me to inspect the herd turned to mo and said: 'Colonel, thaft the
kind of stock you want for the West. Your Western pedple will never be
satisfied with those Ayrshire cattle.' Mr. Campbell was evidently nettled
at this remark and replied: 'Then the people of the West dont know what
is best for them.' Tnitli compels me to say that I was a little netUod my-
self. It was Ayrshires that I • went out to see •; Ayrshires that I had fuUy
decided were to be my instruments in the work of stock and dairy reform
In Minnesota, and the result was that before leaving the barn I had picked
out a small number of young Ayrshire heifers and a yearling bull and ar-
ranged for their 8hlr>ment. Before I left, however, Gibson found an oppor-
tunity to whisper in my oar: ' You will make no mistake if you take the
advice of your friend and t;ike along a few Short-horns.' So Just as we
were about leaving I turned to Mr. Campbell and asketl: -What will you
price me that young bull for? ' 'Oh. if you want him yott may have hlm'for
$100,' was the reply. 'Why. Mr. Campbell,' spoke up Gibson quickly Mr
Sheldon would never sell such a bull as that for a cent less than MOO • No
matter.' said Mr. Campbt^ll. ' If Mr. King wants him for $100 ho can have
him.' -Take him,' said my friecd decUletlly; ' he will bo worm motv^ to you
than all the Ayrshlro^s on tliis farm. I took the bull, and with him two or
three young h.Ifor.s of tlio Haiue strain of blood. aU. I think, bv Weehawkeu

408 A HISTORY OF SHORT-HORN CATTLE.

which latter proved to be the most profitable
cow ever owned at Lyndale. Such was the
foundation. These Sheldon cattle were shown
at the Minnesota State Fair of 1869 and at-
tracted much favorable notice although not in
high condition. Meantime the proprietor had
been a visitor at some of the important shows
elsewhere, and realizing that his stock could
not hope to cope successfully with the great
show herds of Illinois, Ohio and Kentucky he
determined to bring all the resources of large

from dams of the Rosamond, or Maeon blood. Aud thus began my Short-
horn purchases. Whether Gibson put up a job to have that Short-horn bull
appear on the stage at that particular moment I do not venture to assert,
but that his appearance at that time had much to do in shaping- my future
course as a breeder is a solid fact.

"When advised by telegraph that the boat on which the stock was
shipped from La Crosse would reach St. Paul at a given hour I was on
hand to receive them. When the passengers bad disembarked the cattle
were led off, the Ayrshires first being unloaded. Among the crowd of
levee loungers who were ' watching out ' to see what was going on was one
tall, lank, uncouth-looking chap who eyed my little Ayrshires with great
apparent curiosity, and finally addressing me he broke out: ' I say, Mister,
what do you call them are critters there?' 'Young Ayrshires,' was the
short reply. 'Young wharf rats." he rejoined, and added: 'I say. Mister,
you'll have to look out or them little critters will crawl through the cracks
of your barn floor and you'll lose 'em.' Too indignant to reply to this gross
insult put upon my beautiful young Ayrshires I ttimed away from the fel-
low just as the young Short-horn bull was being led off the boat, when my
tormentor, espying him, broke out again: 'I say, Mister, there comes a
critter something like what a critter should be. I know that kind myself.'
'What kind of a critter do you call that? ' some one standing by inquired,
'Why,' said this expert judge of live stock, 'that's a Devon. I've seen
hundreds of them cattle down in Maine "fore I ever came West.' Offended
pride and patience could stand no more, aud sharply turning upon this
critic I said to him: ' Young man, that bull don't come anywhere as near
being a Devon as you do to being a natural-born jackass." The fellow
turned a half-pitying, half-offended look upon me as though debating in his
own mind whether I was really as big a fool as he evidently rated me, or
whether it was his dtity to resent in some effective way my ill manners in
thus characterizing his pedigree, but finally strolled off into the crowd
while I headed my young bovine pilgrims for Minneapolis, where I soon
had them safely and comfortably housed in their humble quarters."

THE BIRTH OF A "bOOM." 409

means to bear upon the acquisition of animals
of such character as would enable him to
break a lance with the leading showmen of
the day. He had heard of Baron Booth of
Lancaster and of Rosedale, and following Mr.
Pickrell's example visited Mr. Cochrane's.

The Lyndale show herd. — At Hillhurst he
saw and l)()iiglit the great Rosedale, imp. Queen
of Diamonds and Maid of Atha, of William
Miller's breeding. This was a grand founda-
tion for a show herd, but no bull of the requi-
site character could be found, and a two-year-
old heifer and yearling were also needed. The
Colonel's ambition was now thoroughly aroused,
and with characteristic enterprise and liberal-
ity he gave Mr. Cochrane and Simon Beattie
carte blanche to select and bring out from Great
Britain the best animals money could buy in
the United Kingdom to till out the herd. About
this same time Mr. John Gibson (brother to
Richard, then at New York Mills) was engaged
to take general chai'ge of the Lyndale Herd.
The McMillan dispersion occurred while Col.
King's agents w^ere looking for show cattle
abroad. This was the first auction sale of cat-
tle he had ever attended, and like all others
who were present upon that occasion he was
fairly carried aw^ay bj'' the excitement and en-
thusiasm of the day. It was here that he met
Lyall. McMillan's lierdsiunn. and engaged him

410 A HISTORY OF SHORT-HORN CATTLE.

to undertake the detailed training of the show
herd then in progress of formation.

Beattie arrived Aug. 2, 1870, with the im-
ported cattle. He had brought out forty head
altogetlier, including the bulls Scotsman 10951
and Old Sam 10551, both two years old, and a
pair of roan two-year-old show heifers — Booth's
Lancaster and Countess of Yarborough — for
Col. King's examination. The bulls were both
good ; in fact so evenly balanced that it seemed
impossible to make choice betw^een them. Af-
ter extended deliberatiou, however, in which
Messrs. Beattie, Cochrane, King and Gibson all
participated, they decided to make their stand
with Scotsman. He was a roan, bred by the
Duke of Buccleuch and sired by Royal Errant
22780 (the sire of the dam of the afterward cele-
brated imp. Duke of Richmond) out of Comet
by Lord Stanley (18275). Even more difficulty
was experienced in trying to choose between
the two heifers. They were both grand thick-
fleshed specimens and in beautiful bloom.
Booth's Lancaster w^as a great "chunk" — full
sister in blood to Baron Booth of Lancaster —
being by same sire out of one of the celebrated
triplet daughters of Lord Raglan from the cow
Lancaster 25th, bred by Mr. Cruickshank. The
Countess was bred by Dudding from Baron
Rosedale (21239), a bull out of the dam of Rose-
dale. The Lyndale people were afraid that if

THE BIRTH OF A "bOOM." 411

they left either of these at Hillhurst there
would be grave danger of meeting the other
later on in hostile hands at the Western shows.
There was but one safe thing to do ; buy them
})oth. No yearling had been bought, but hear-
ing of Rosedale's last calf, Rosedale Duchess,
her purchase was decided upon without the
formality of an examination ; the price being
$5,500. She proved a disappointment. In Col.
King's expressive language, " richly worth
about 5 per cent of the price paid."

En route to Minnesota Scotsman developed a
case of foot-and-mouth disease, which necessi-
tated his being quarantined at Lyndale, and in
spite of the most careful treatment he was in
no condition to head the herd as the fall shows
drew^ near. The Illinois State Fair was l^eing
held the week before "the Great St. Louis'
Show, which was in those days the " Royal" of
America, and after loading the cattle (and
some imported Cotswold sheep) on board a
river steamer at St. Paul for St. Louis Gibson
was started post haste for Decatur, with in-
structions to buy a show bull, if there was one
on the Illinois State Fair Grounds, at any cost.
On Saturday before the opening the Lyndale
cattle were in their stalls at St. Louis, minus a
i)ull. but that same day Gibson wired that he
was starting with Scotsman's ocean companion
Old Sam. Mr. Cochrane liad not sold the bull

412 A HISTORY OF SHORT-HORN CATTLiE.

during the summer, and had shipped him out
to the Illinois State Fair in the expectation of
finding a purchaser. James N. Brown's Sons
had Tycoon 7339 at Decatur that year as a
three-year-old, and Mr. Gibson offered $2,500
for him without effecting his purchase. As
this was one of the most noted of the home-
bred show bulls of that time a brief statement
concerniuij: him wnll l)e of interest at this point.
Tycoon 7339.— This noted roan must be cred-
ited primarily to Koutuck}^, as he was sired b}'
Mr. Warfield's famous Muscatoon 7057 out of
Nannie by Derby 4089, he a son of Renick 903;
second dam Maria Hunt by imp. Young Chilton,
tracing in the maternal line to imp. Illustrious
by Emperor (1974). He was dropped on Capt.
James N. Browai's farm in Sangamon County
March 27, 1S67. While his sire and dam were
both bred at Grasmere the credit for his devel-
opment into one of the most noted shoW' bulls
of his day rests with Capt. Brown and his sons,
w^ho had by this time become associated with
their father in the management of the herd at
Grove Park.* At three years of age he attained
a w^eight of 2.360 lbs. His head was neat, horns
slightly drooping, and of masculine character.
He was well filled behind the shoulders, good
at the chine; level in his top and bottom lines;

• Capt. James N. Brown died Nov. 16, 1868. His sons still carry on the
farm, although doinir little now in pedigreed cattle.

THE BIRTH OF A "bOOM." 413

square and well tinished about the rumps, with
thighs carried well down to straight and well-
filled legs. He was rated by good judges as
one of the best bulls of his time in the West,
and his victories in the show-yard at the Illi-
nois State Fair, at St. Louis and other lead-
ing exhibitions gained for him much reputa-
tion.

Tycoon was a uniformly good breeder and
many of his heifers w^ere fitted for show with
great success. Prominent among his get may
be mentioned the $1,000 show heifer Maud
Muller, Illustrious 5th and the famous Young
Marys, Grace Youngs 4th, 5th and Gth. He
was sold at auction in 1871 to Mr. S. C. Duncan
of Missouri and died in 1873. His sister, Illus-
trious 3d, was also a great winner in the herd
of Messrs. Brown.

King's victory at St. Louis. — When the
great St. Louis show of 1870 opened its gates
Old Sam was found at the head of the Lyndale
Herd. He was a red. In-ed by K. H. C'rabb of
Chelmsford, Essex, Eng., and was got by the
Bell-Bates Duchess Nancy bull Duke of Graf-
ton (21594), a son of exported Duke of Geneva
(lt)614), and similar in his breeding to the cele-
brated Grand Duke of Oxford (28703), sire of
Rev. B. B. Kennard's great English-bred prize
cow Queen ^lary. Old Sam's dam was the
mixed-bred cow Roma, by Baron RoxwelJ

414 A HISTORY OF SHOKT-HORN CATTLE.

(21240). He gained jfirst prize in the aged bull
class over Baron Booth of Lancaster, but the
latter was awarded l»y another committee the
male championship of the class. Rosed ale'" was
an easy winner among the aged cows; Queen
of Diamonds carried the three-year-old ribbon,
Booth's Lancaster the first for two-year-old
heifer and Countess of Yarborough second. In
yearlings the $5,500 Rosedale's Duchess was not
noticed, but in heifer calves the sweet-faced,
heavy-coated Constance of Lyndale, by 5th Duke
of Geneva, headed the list.f The herd prize fell
to Lyndale after one of the most exciting con-
tests ever known in American show-yards
Illinois, Missouri and Kentucky were defeated,
but Great Britain and Canada had been ran-

*John Gibson describes Rosedale as follows: "Bosedale was one of
the best cows I ever saw. She was laid out on a much larger scale than
the cows now shown. She had an extraordinary front that w^as well car-
ried back to her hips. She was long, wide and deep, with great thicliness
of flesh, evenly laid. She was just a little plain from her hips back, which
was about her only fault. With all her size and wealth of flesh she had no
coarseness or roughness, showing a fine feminine head, well carried.
Queen of Diamonds tied her for sweepstakes at St. Louis, but the old cow^
rightly got it. One of the best things we showed at St. Louis in 1870 was the
Constance heifer. One gentleman who saw her before the show remarked
what a good one she was and said: 'You have trained wrong; kept too
much hair on. That is all right for the Royal, but will not do for the
States. I replied that I never saw a Short-horn with too much hair of the
righ quality, and the St. Louis judges seemed to think the same."

+ Constance was shown here in the wrong class, as was afterward
acknowledged. There w^as always considerable contention between
Edwin Bedford aud George Bedford. Mr. Edwin Bedford had bought the
5th Duke of Geneva, and when this heifer made the rounds, really a year-
ling and shown as a calf, she w^as awarded great honors and, of course.
Edwin was very proud of her. Mr. George Bedford said he need not be,
because she could not be a daughter of 5th Duke of Geneva, as she was too
young. Then, of course, Col. King either had to deny her sire or acknowl-
edge—as, upon investigation, he subsequently did— that she was shown in
the wrong ring.

THE BIRTH OF A ''BOOM." 415

sacked with a blank check-hook to do the
trick.

History tells of the "Field of the Cloth of
Gold," where the kings of France and England
met in the midst of such luxurious surround-
ings as to make the conference memorable
mainly for its extravagant splendor. The tent
which flew the flag of Lyndale and from
whence Col. King dispensed hospitality to the
fraternity of Short-horn breeders at this show
was not carpeted with gold exactly, but it
lacked little that money could supply that
would minister to the tastes or appetites of the
most fastidious among the congenial spirits
congregated to do honor to that princely enter-
tainer upon this gala occasion. It was a fa-
mous victory ; a magnificent herd and a royal
celebration; an event which will be recalled
as long as show-yard battles retain their inter-
est as probably the most remarkable event, in
some of its features at least, in the anrials of
cattle competitions in America.

W. R. Duncan's sale.— The McMillan sale,
it is needless to say, gave a great imi)etus to
Short-horn breeding in the West, and trade at
once grew active, l)oth at public saU^ and pri-
vate treaty, at high prices. At an auction
held by W. ]\. nuiican at Towanda. 111.. Aug
24, 1870, the show bull ^Minister m'u] was sold
to Andrew Wilson of Topeka. Kan., at $1,700.

416 A HISTORY OF SHORT-HORN CATTLE.

Oxford Wiley 8753 fetched $705 and several
other bulls brought from $400 to $500 each.
The seven-year-old Young Mary cow Eed Rose
8d, a red-roan of Ben F. Van Meter's breeding,
went to George Otley of Neponset, 111., at
$1,500. The red cow Gem 3d, also of Van
Meter's breeding, fetched $1,150. going to Ed
lies, Springfield, 111. The cow Oxford Belle,
bred at Woodburn, made $1,000 to Robert
Otle}^, Neponset, 111. Others w^ere sold at from
$400 to $750.

The beginning of live-stock journalism.
— It may be of interest at this point to note
that from the month of May, 1869, may be
dated the beginning of live-stock journalism
as a special feature of agricultural newspaper
work. Upon that date Mr. J. H. vSanders,
founder of the Breeders Gazette, began the
puldication of a sixteen-page monthly called
the Western Stock Journal, issued at Sigourney,
la., the initial number presenting a portrait of
Mr. McMillan's celebrated Louan 21st. Mr.
Sanders was at that time interested in stock-
breeding himself, and feeling the need person-
ally of information bearing upon the business
took advantage of his ownership of a small
country printing-office to undertake on his
own account the first venture of this kind of
which we have record. The publication ac-
quired immediate popularity and its success

THE BTirni OF A ''BOOM." 417

attracted the attention of Mr. George VV. Rust,
at that date engaged in newspaper work upon
the CJticago Times, who in connection with the
Hon. John P. Reynolds established at Chicago
in September, 1871, a more pretentious maga-
zine, which was christened the Xational Lire-
Stock Journal. The immediate object of Mr.
Sanders having thus been accomplished he
accepted a proposition for the consolidation
of his own paper with that of Mr. Rust, as-
suming at the same time a position as associ-
ate editor of the Cliicago periodical.

Mr. Rust was a read}^ and forcil)le writer,
and at once made a special study of the Short-
horn trade. His paper soon attained Xatioiuil
circulation and influence and afforded stock-
breeders in general and the Short-horn frater-
nity in particular a needed medium of commu-
nication. The National Live- Stock Journal,
with which Messrs. Charles P. Willard and
William Hallow^ell also l)ecame identified, was
soon recognized as a powerful influence in the
development of the American interest in pedi-
greed-stock breeding.* In the course of time
the Journal gave way to the weekly Breeder s
Gazette, which was established in 18S1.

♦The author may porhaps bo pardoned for statliyr that It was In the
work of coinpllln»r Short-horn catalog'iios In the office of the nionthl,v ma^n-
zlne mentioned that lie acatiired. some twenty years ago, his first acQunln-
tance with the Intricacies of the Shor'.-horn Hen! Books of Great Drttaln
nnd America.
«7

CHAPTER XIV.

AM ERA OF EXPANSION.

Important events now followed thick and
fast. Hundreds of herds were in process of
formation all the way from New England to
the Pacific Coast. The fame of the Short-horn
had become co-extensive with North American
agriculture and the demand greater than at
any previous period. To mention, therefore,
in detail all those who took a prominent i)art
in this broad expansion of Short-horn interests
would be to transcribe to these pages volumes
of facts and pedigrees that may best be gath-
ered from the herd-book records of the period.
We can therefore touch only upon matters
that fairly possessed National or international
interest.

Hillhurst and Lyndale operations.— Three
importations were made to Hillhurst in 1870,
aggregating some sixty-five head of cattle
representing the leading Bates and Booth
stmins. In the first lot were the show cattle
sold to Col. King, as already mentioned.
Along with these Mr. Cochrane brought out
from Col. Grunter's Duchesses 101st and 103d —

(418)

AX ERA OF EXPANSION. 410

at the extiuordiuiiry price of $5,000 and $7,500
respectively— both sired by exp. 4th Duke of
Thorndale, and in the fall of that year these
Duchesses dropped heifer calves by 8th Duke
of York (28480). In this same shipment was
the roan show cow Jessie Hopewell, of Ayl-
mer's breeding, that was sold to Ed lies of
Springfield, 111. In the second shipment were
several heifers from Warlaljy and Killerby and
three Booth bulls, one of which, Koyal Richard
15415, w^as sold to A. Van Meter of Kentucky.
Mr. Cochrane continued his operations in 1871.
bringing over a large number of well-bred and
individually excellent animals, including the
roan heifer Royal Duchess 2d. sold to Mr. lies;
the redPortulacca. that became the property of
C. E. Coffin of Muirkirk. Md.: the red bull The
Doctor 13021 and Cherub 11505. both subse-
quently famous in the West; the roan Bread-
albane 11421). of Torr's breeding, sold to S. R.
Streator of Cleveland, 0.. etc.

Richard Gibson selected for importation by
Col. King in 1871 a lot that included such
noted animals as Baron Ilubback 2d 1 Ml 1)11. of
Col. Towneley's breeding; Countess of Oxford,
from Messrs. Hc^sken of Cornwall; Lady
Brough, largely of Booth blood, etc. Mean-
time Mr. Cochrane had sold Duchess -1)71 ji
to Col. King at the enormous price of ,S12,(><M).
but shrewdly foreseeing the result of the

420 A HISTORY OF SHORT-HORN CATTLE.

manipulations going on at New York Mills
the proprietor of Hillhnrst repurchased this
heifer, and along with her the 6th Duke of
Geneva.

Exportations to England. — In April, 1871,
Mr. Cochrane sold through Mr. Thornton to
Col. Kingscote for $4,000 the red yearling
bull Duke of Hillhurst 9862, by 14th Duke of
Thorndale out of Duchess 97th, that afterward
sired the highest-priced bull of any breed ever
sold in the world, to- wit.: Duke of Connaught
(33604), for w^hich Lord Fitzhardinge gave
$22,500. Along with Duke of Hillhurst Mr.
Cochrane shipped tlie roan heifer 11 th Lady of
Oxford to the Earl of Dunmore, Stirling, Scot-
land, at $3,750.

In October, 1871, Walcott & Campbell shipped
three Oxford heifers, the 9th Maid and 10th and
13th Ladys of Oxford, together with the year-
ling Oxford bull 5th Lord Oxford 103S2 and the
1st Duke of Oneida 9925. all sold to E. H.
Cheney. For the 1st Duke $4,250 was received.
He was afterward resold to Lord Skelmersdale.
The 9th Maid of Oxford was a particularly val-
uable heifer, having been successfully exhibited
before exportation at the New York State Fair.
Unfortunately she died soon after landing
abroad.

In November. 1871, Mr. Cochrane made an-
other sale to Dunmore, consisting of the white

AX ERA OF EXPANSION. 421

Duchess 107th and the roan Durhess 108th. the
8th Maid of Oxford, Marchioness of Oxford, and
four Kentucky-bred Rose of Sharons. For the
Duchess heifers the enormous price of $12,500
was paid. The two Rose of Sliaron cows Red
Rose, of Mr. Renick's breeding, by Airdrie
2478, and Red Rose 2d, of William Warfield's
breeding, by Duke Frederick, were taken, to-
gether with their heifer cal\es. at S2.500.

Clark Co. (Ky.) Importing Co. — The import-
ing trade into Kentucky, which had languished
for many years, was now revived. An organi-
zation made up mainly of Clark County breed-
ers sent Lewis ilampton and W. C. Vanmeter
to England early in 1871 to make a selection of
cattle for immediate importation. The stock
landed in New York Apiil 1 1 and was disposed
of on the fair grounds near Winchester on Aug.
26. Twenty-three head brought $19,685, an av-
erage of $855.87, the highest price realized being
S?1.300 for the rod hoifer Cowslip 2d. bought by
Lewis Hampton. The red cow Pride of the
West, bred by Mr. G. Game and sired by exp.
6th Duke of Airdrie (19602). went to W. H. Nel-
son of Montgomery County at $1,250. The
same buyer took the red yearling heifer Lady
Spencer 2d, by Baron Oxford (28875). at $1,220.
For Rarity, of the Charmer tribe. Asa Bean
guve $1,080. The roan ImiII T.Mbody (29585)
went to W. C. Vanmeter at p(.K), Duke of Ba-

422 A HISTORY OF SHORT-HORN CATTLE.

braham (25934) to W. L. Sudduth at $790, and
the Pawlett-Booth bull calf Pioneer 12593 to
same buyer at $400. At this same sale a draft
of home-bred cattle was offered, the highest-
priced animal contributed by local breeders
being the Young Mary cow Beck Taylor, by
Dick Taylor, taken by Mr. J. E. Sudduth at
$600. The Young Phyllis yearling heifer Queen
of Hearts, sired by the show bull Burnside 4618,
brought $550.

High prices in Illinois. — Edward lies sold
twenty-nine head at Springfield, 111., Nov. 15,
1871, for $14,940, an average of $515.17. The
show cow Jessie Hopewell, by a Booth bull on
a mixed English foundation, was included in
this sale and was taken by J. H. Kissinger of
Clarksville, Mo., at $2,500. J. G. Taylor of De-
catur, 111., bought Oxford Duchess, a two-year-
old Bates-topped heifer (imported by Hon. M.
H. Cochrane), for $2,100. The yearling show
heifer Nelly Bly of Forest Hill, by Gen. Grant
4825, commanded $1,800 from Mr. Spears. Mr.
Sodowsky of Indianola, 111., gave $1,800 for the
red cow Potentilla, of mixed English breeding,
also imported by Mr. Cochrane. J. H. Pickrell
took the imported roan cow Statesman's Daugh-
ter 2d at $700, and other parties, afterward well
known and active in the trade, such as C. E.
Lippincott. Messrs. Parks. A. R Babbage, Wil-
liam Sfewart. Samuel Dysart, William Smith,

AN ERA OF EXPANSION. 423

Jeff Bridgford (Missouri), et al., were buyers of
cows and heifers. The ten-yeai'-old 7th Duke
of Airdrie was bought by W. B. Dodge, Wauke-
gan, Til., at $500, and the roan bull calf Chief
Napier — a '"J" Princess by imp. Gen. Napier —
was taken ])y E. W. Mills. Sullivan, Til., at SSOO.

The great trade of 1872. — During the year
1872 exportations at high prices to Great
Britain were renewed on a still more extensive
scale, and the domestic trade was vastly in ex-
cess of anything previously recorded, no less
than 1,014 head of Short-horns being sold at
auction in the United States during the year
for $817,256. an average of $313 each. This,
of course, does not include the groat list of
transfers at private sale.

Tlichard Gibson^ who was now located at
London, Ont., went to Woodburn in April and
bought the 8th, 13th and 14th Duchesses of
Airdrie for export to Cheney of Gaddesby Hall.
Along with the Duchesses he sent the Princess
cows l^rimula (bred by A. 15. Conger). Tjady
Wellington and Lady Sale of Putney (both
l)red by j\Tessrs. Winslow of Vermont), the
(i Wynne cow I/.idy Susan 3d and heifer calf
(i)red l)y i\lr. White of Framinghani. ^lass.),
and the Constance heifer Rosina, bred l)y
Cowan of Canada.

Lord Dunmn]-o again drew upon America,
or IfM-ini^- froui llillhurst the Boolh-bied i)ulls

424 A HISTORY OF SHORT HORN CATTLE.

Royal Blithe and Breakspear and the red year-
ling 3d Duke of Hillhurst. Mr. Cochrane had
now acquired possession of the Booth stock
imported for New York Mills. Royal Blithe
was a son of the Warlaby-bred Merry Peal, but
died on shipboard. A stormy passage was en-
countered and the other two bulls arrived at
Liverpool in December much reduced in flesh.

This year is memorable in the annals of
Kentucky Short-horn breeding especially for
the sale to Earl Dunmore by Abram Renick of
the Rose of Sharon heifers Red Rose of the
Isles, Red Rose of Thorndale and Red Rose of
Rannoch, the first a daughter of old Airdrie,
the second by 8th Duke of Thorndale and the
third by Joe Johnson. All were in calf to the
4th Duke of Geneva. Dunmore had been at-
tached to the staffs of various Confederate
commanders during the American Civil War
in quest of military experience. He was with
Lee, Wade Hampton and Kirby Smith, and
when the latter made his dash into Kentucky
the Scottish Earl improved the opportunity to
have a look incognito at some of the Short-horn
herds of the blue-grass country. Out of this
visit grew his subsequent orders for cattle of
the Rose of Sharon tribe.

Col. L. G. Morris of New York brought out
in August, 1872, five heifers and two bulls of
Bates blood, including the bull .Oxford Beau

AN ERA OF EXPANSION. 425

2d, of Kingscote breeding. Australia was also
buying freely in the mother country about this
period, paying the Duke of Devonshire $5,000
for 24th Duke of Oxford (31002).

The first public sale of cattle ever held at
Dexter Park, Chicago, occurred this year, the
herd of Mr. E. P. Brockway of Wisconsin, that
acquired considerable reputation in the show-
ring, going under the hammer at an average
price of $693 per head. Col. William 8. King
sold twenty-eight females at auction at an av-
erage of $452, the show heifer Booth's Lancas-
ter bringing $1,700 from ^lessrs. Parks of Gleu
Flora Farm, Waukegan, 111., and the imported
cows Henrietta and Countess Oxford going to
the same noted herd at $1,500 and $1,000 re-
spectively. Booth's Lancaster was resold later
to S. R. Streator of Clevehmd, C. for $2,000.

It was during this year also that J. il. Piok-
rell sold imp. British Flag 13211,* bred by Messrs.
Dudding, for $1,800, and Baron Lewis, a I'liyllis

• Britlah Flag was one of an Importation made In 1871 by a Capt. Pratt,
that p;i8siHl Into the possession of Mr. Plckrell. Baron Lewis was the first
Short-liom brrd and re.iri-d in Illinois to bring so great a price. At this
sale a very persistent stranger bid for Baron Lewis ag.iinst Mr. Sodowsky,
and when thi> $2,500 notch was reached the rxoitement was intense. Turn-
ing to his oppontMit Mr. S. said: " Well, stranger, you must have lots of
money." The only reply w;is an adv.-inceof the bid. The belligerent Ver-
milion County breediT, howi>ver, had some '• sand." as well as means, him-
self, and forced his rival o\it at Rt.lHXl. The str.inger did have money 8urt»
enough, or at le.ist he n-presenlett it, f(>r he was the ;igent of the Hon. John
Weutworth of Chicago. " Long John." .-is he was f.amiliarly called, w.as
fond of sending '• iMiknowns" out after valuable cattle offi-red at public
Bale, and in this insf;ince only r«M>eat«Hi his tactics as alre.ady noticed in his
purchase of the Ijth Duke of Alnirie some years previous.

426 A HISTORY OF SHORT-HORN CATTLE.

bull by Baron Booth of Lancaster, to "Uncle
Harvey" Soclowsky of Indianola, 111., for $3,000
at a public sale that averaged $603.

Many important transactions were consum-
mated this season at private treaty. George
Murray, a Scotchman in the lumber trade at
Racine, Wis., who had been a heavy buyer at
the McMillan sale, now acquired from Mr. Al-
exander the afterward celebrated 10th Duchess
of Airdrie. He was using at this time at the
head of his Slausondale Herd the 17tli Duke of
Airdrie, and had paid $1,210 for Mazurka 26th.
J. H. Kissinger of Missouri received during this
season's trade $1,800 for his Caroline Airdrie
heifer by Mr. Pickrell's Sweepstakes 6230 to go
to California.

While all this was going on in America
prices were "booming*' abroad. At Earl Dun-
more's sale Sept. 5, 1S72, the English sale rec-
ord was broken when Mr. Thornton disposed
of forty-eight cows and heifers for over $60,-
000, an average of some $1,250. At this sale
Baron Oxford 5th brought $2,000. The highest
price for a female was $6,000 for a yearling Ox-
ford heifer, another of the same family bring-
ing $5,050. The part of the Earl's herd not
offered upon this occasion comprised his Amer-
ican importations, one or two favorite old cows,
and a tribe known as the Revelrys — twenty-
two head in all — for which $75,000 in a lump

AN ERA OF EXPANSION. 427

sum was said to have been refused. After this
sale two of the Red Roses (Renick Rose of
Sharon) were parted with privately at $10,000.
On Nov. 30 following Mr. Simon Beattie shipped
.for Lord Dunmore from America five heifers,
all descended from imp. Rose of Sharon, by
Belvedere (1706). Three of these were bred by
Abram Renick— Minnie 4th, by old Airdrie
(30365); Duchess 10th, by Joe Johnson, and
Rose of Thorndale, by 8th Duke of Thorndale.
The other two were of the Ohio branch of the
tribe, tracing tlirough Lady of the Lake, and
were bred by Mr. Chauncey Hills of Delaware;
one of them got by Mr. Hills' Imperial Star-
light 8270 and the other by Judge Jones' Ma-
zurka Duke of Airdrie 10478. Remarkable as
was the Dunmore sale of Sept. 5 a still more
sensational one was soon to follow. Messrs.
Harward & Downing sold on Sept. 18 sixty-one
head for £15.458, an average of £253. the three-
year-old bull 8th Duke of Geneva going to Mr.
Leney at £1,650, or fully $8,250 in gold, the
highest price paid at auction for any animal of
the breed up to that date. Mr. Downing had
paid Mr. Sheldon of New York $4.0U0 for the
bull in 1869. Col. L. G. Morris of Fordham. N.
Y., w^as a buyer at this sale. The highest-priced
female was 5th Maid of Oxford ;if 81.500.

Oakland Favorite 10546 and Loudon Duke
6th 10399. In ls7(i M,-. C\uu\os K. Leonard of

428 A HISTORY OF SHORT-HORN CATTLE.

Ravenswood Farm, Mo., had purchased from D.
McMillan of Ohio the eight- months bull calf
Oakland Favorite 10546, sired by Loyal Duke of
Oakland 6977 out of Mignonette by Gen. Grant
4825; second dam Jessie — the dam of Gen.
Grant — by Starlight 2d 2259. He sustained the
good reputation of the McMillan stock, prov-
ing an extra show bull and winning for Mr.
Leonard many first and championship prizes
west of the Mississippi River.
vf In 1872 Mr. John G. Cowan of Holt Co.,
Mo., purchased the celebrated Loudon Duke
6th 10399, bred by Mr. Warfield and sired by
Muscatoon 7057 out of the great show cow
Loudon Duchess 2d by Duncan's Duke of Air-
drie 2743. We believe this bull was once de-
feated at Kansas City by Mr. Leonard's Oak-
land Favorite, but his career in the Missouri,
Kansas and Nebraska show-yards represented
an almost unln'oken line of victories. He was
a red with straight top and bottom lines; a
broad, deep chest; good on the fore ribs and
through the heart; possessing smooth, well-laid
shoulders, deep ribs, low flanks, faultless hind
quarters and the traditional Duke of Airdrie
neatness. He had been shown by Mr. Warfield
with great success in Kentucky, Ohio and In-
diana, where he had only been beaten once as
as a yearling. Mr. Cowan paid $3,000 for him
as a two-year-old, and his exhibition at the

AX EKA OF EXPANSION. 429

Western fairs served to spread the reputation
of the Short-horns well beyond the Missouri
River. Shown with his get he never met de-
feat. In fact as a breeding bull he had no
equal in the Western country in his day. His
descendants in the Cowan herd were distin-
guished show and breeding animals for many
years, and one of his sons contributed much to
the success of the late Hon. D. M. Moninger in
his great steer-breeding operations in Iowa.
In the hands of Mr. Richard Daniels, one of
Nebraska's pioneer breeders,* bulls by Loudon
Duke 6th rendered" capital service, and one of
his daughters, Loudon's Minnie, was a feature
of the Short-horn exhibit at the Philadelphia
Centennial.

First National convention. — On Nov. 27,
1S72, the tirst National convention of breeders
of Short-horns ever held in America met at In-
dianapolis, Ind., the chairman of the commit-

* Mr. Ralph Anderson of Falls City was possibly the first breeder of
Short-horns In Nebraska, but Mr. Daniels shipped. In 1867, the first speci-
mens of the breed ever taken to the State by rail, paying- $2»)0 per car from
Chlcag-o. A chute for unloading- had to be specially built at Council Bluffs.
Mr. Daniels' initial purchases, like those of most of tlie other Western
breeders, were larirely of "Seventeen" blood, and concerning these he
says: "I think they were as good beef cattle as I ever saw." He also
brought with this lot a two-year-old steer for which he paid JlOO in Michi-
gan, keeping hlni until ho was six years old. when he was sold to Shirley
Bros, of Omaha for Christmas beef at a high price. Mr. Daniels bought
from Mr. Cowan the breeding bull Knight of St. George 8478, that had bt'en
bred by W. R. Duncan of Illinois. He was a Phyllis, sired by Minister
fi:i6;i. and cost Mr. naniel--^ $1.(100. Then for many years he bre*l from sons
of Loudon Duke tith. Speaking of his experience with Short-horns " Uncle
Dick," as flits veteran NebraBk;i bre<Hh>r is f;imili;irly calle<l, s,-iys: "If I
had to begin life over again I would breed Shorthorns, They alw;iys paid

430 A HISTORY OF SHORT-HORN CATTLE.

tee that issued the call for this important
meeting having been the late Hon. Claude
Matthews of Indiana. This great mass meet-
ing grew out of a desire on the part of those
who were the recognized leaders in the trade
at this date to have a higher standard of regis-
try established for the herd book, which was at
that time the private property of Mr. Lewis F.
Allen. Those who had been paying long prices
for stock of comparatively recent importation,
or immediate descendants thereof, sought to
cast discredit upon cattle bred from many of
the earlier importations, and it was argued
that inasmuch as some of the foundation stock
in the herd book had no pedigree, and as others
registered in the early days boasted pedigrees
known to be of questionable character, it was
necessary to practically treat the descendants
of such cattle as "grades." Indeed the ques-
tion of demanding a more rigid standard of ad-
mission to the herd book was the prime factor
in the calling of this convention. George W.
Rust, through the Live-Stock Journal, had pub-
lished scathing denunciations of what he char-
acterized as the inexcusable laxity of the Allen
rules, and the fact that the "purists" had al-
ready gone so far as to establish in Kentucky
(under the powerful patronage of ]\Ir. A. J. Al-
exander and under the immediate direction of
Maj. Humphrey Evans) a rival pedigree regis-

AN ERA OF EXPANSION. 431

ter known as the ''American Short-horn Rec-
ord" indicated the extent and depth of the feel-
ing existing in respect to this matter.

After extended debate the following resolu-
tions bearing upon this and another mooted
question were adopted:

Resolved, That the ancestry of the animals should be traced on
both sides to imported animals, or to those heretofore recorded in
the American Herd Book, with pedigrees not false or spurious,
before they can be entitled to registry.

Resolved, That the person under whose direction the animals
are coupled should be recognized as the breeder of the produce.

Mr. Allen accepted these and the other rec-
ommendations of the convention and agreed
to be governed by them in the conduct of the
herd book.

Opposition to prevailing "fashions" devel-
oped.—The era of speculation was now in
full swing. Bell's history of Bates cattle and
Carr's history of the Booth herds had ap-
peared in England, and were widely read in
America. Controversies were waged through
the public press and at every gathering "of
breeders over the pedigrees and character of
the great rival types. Prominent among those
who took part in this in the States wore Hon.
T. C. Jones of Delaware, 0., and A. S. Matthews
of Wytheville, Va., both of whom ridiculed
many of the claims made by the partisans of
the Bates Short-horns. Judge Jones was a
man of strong iiit(^Il(M't. deeply^ versed in Short-

432 A HISTORY OF SHORT-HORN CATTLE.

horn lore, and as fond of a controversy as any
native of Erin. He was an experienced breeder,
and for a period of nearly twenty years was one
of the leading American writers on Short-horn
cattle. His ability, honesty of purpose, and
virile character commanded the respect even
of those who differed with him in relation to
the various controverted tenets of the Short-
horn faith. There was a sharp tilt in England
between Lord Dunmore and Mr. J. B. Booth, in
the course of which the latter challenged the
Earl to show twenty head of the Killerby Hec-
ubas against a like number of any one tribe at
Dunmore for $5,000 a side, to which His Lord-
ship responded that he did not have that num-
ber of any one tribe in his pastures. It is of
interest at this juncture, as reflecting a feeling
that was becoming very prevalent at this stage
of the proceedings, to note that the National
Live-Stock Journal in commenting upon the
Booth-Dunmore controversy in its issue of Jan-
uary, 1873, used the following significant lan-
guage:

" The Booth and Bates men usually profit by these discussions ;
they no doubt intended that this controversy should tend, as pre-
vious ones have, to attract public attention to those rival strains,
until purchasers should be persuaded that the only question for
them to decide was which of the 'bi'eeds,' to use the language of
Mr. Bates, should be selected. Hearing this perpetual contro-
versy it is not strange that amateurs should be willing to pay long
prices for a Booth or Bates pedigree, without regard to the excel-
lence of the animal. But that practical men, who have had ex-
perience in breeding, and especially that managers of publications

AN ERA OF EXPANSION. 433

supported by the owners of Short-horns of all strains, should aid
in keeping up this mania is a matter we cannot comprehend For
our own part we moan in the future, as in the past, to keep clear
of this ma.ua. m.le admitting, as we always have, the hi<^h ex-
cellence of these rival stocks we shall insist that they are not
superior in blood or in valuable characteristics to the cattle of
other good breeders, and that those, therefore, who claim for
them this pre-eminent superiority are misleading the public and
unjustly depreciating the value of other Short-horns."

This is the first time we find any public edi-
torial condemnation of the tendency of the
times in Short-horn breeding circles a fact
which indicates clearly that the rank'and file
of American Short-horn breeders were begin-
ning to grow restive under the constant Ind
usually arrogant assumptions of superiority in-
dulged in by the dealers in the "fashionable"
strains of that day.

z&

CHAPTER XV.

THE SENSATION OF SEVENTY -THREE.

The year 1873 dawned with the breed bask-
ing m the sunshine of a popularity such as no
other variety of improved live stock has ever
enjoyed. The wealth of the cattle-breeding
world was now ready to be poured at the feet
of the Short-horn. Notwithstanding the inter-
nal dissensions noted in the preceding chapter,
agricultural history has no parallel to the en-
thusiasm and boundless devotion displayed by
the followers of the "red, white and roan"
during this and the years immediately succeed-
ing. The beauty and practical utility of the
breed had captivated the great landed proprie-
tors of both hemispheres, as well as the farm-
ers and feeders of both continents; and under
the stimulus of a demand almost world-wide
in its character those who had the means to
gratify their taste for rare specimens of the
breed were forced to measure values not so
much by the mere intrinsic worth of individ-
ual animals for the feed-lot or the dairy as by
the degree of personal satisfaction flowing

(434)

THE SENSATION OF SEVENTY-THREE. 435

from the ownership of Short-horns of illustri-
ous lineage or bearing the badge of show-yard
suj^eriority.

It is true there were certain parties identi-
fied with the trade who were engaged in pro-
moting public interest from purely mercenary
motives. Such individuals did what they could
of course, to add fuel to the fire, but it goes
without saying that their utmost efforts would
have been wholly unavailing but for the exist-
ence of an abiding appreciation of the breed
upon both sides the Atlantic, which was as pro-
found as it was widespread and persistent. It
therefore came to pass at this period that those
wlio sought what they regarded as the most
desiralde cattle of the breed were compelleil to
pay exoi-bitant and finally faljulous prices; but
the mere fact that breeders and fanciers were
willing to follow their favorites to the amazing
figures quoted in the following pages is in it^
self a t!-ibute to the fascinating character of
the Shoit-horn such as no other race of domes-
tic animals has ever yet received.

"Couiing events cast their shadows before."
While it was not until the autumn of 187;J that
the pent-up enthusiasm for the Duchess blood
was at length unchained, transactions botli at
auction and at piivate treaty forecasted por-
teutons events early in the year. Trade oi.ened
up briskly in the West.

436 A HISTORY OF SHORT-HORN CATTLE.

Spring sales 1873. — At the Parks" and Mur-
ray sales, in April, Col. James W. Judy as auc-
tioneer disi^osed of twenty-four females for
the former at an average of $783, and thirty-
two for Mr. Murray at an average of $848. Of
the Glen Flora (Parks) lot Messrs. Sodowsky
took the two imported cows Countess of Oxford
and Henrietta at $2,000 each. D. M. Flynn of
Des Moines, la., bought Moss Rose at $1,610,
and A. H. & I. B. Day of Utica, la., took imp.
Lady Brough at $1,680. Elliott & Kent of Des

♦Messrs. C. C. & R. H. Parks were Wall street brokers, and had for-
merly resided at Waukegan. After acquiring possession of the Glen Flora
Farm they soon decided upon stocking- it with pedigreed cattle, horses and
sheep. Their attention was drawn to Short-horns through the herd that
Mr. W. B. Dodge had established at Waukegan. Their first investment was
In 1889, when they bought five heifers, by Minister 6353, of W. R. Duncan for
$2,c;00. They bought Lady of Racine, a daughter of Lady of Clark, famous
in Ohio Short-horn history, from Mr. Dodge and sold her to George Murray
for $4,000. This transaction, we believe, occurred while the parties were
tain tendance at the McMillan sale. Messrs. Parks hired the late Mr. John
Hope as herdsman in the spring of 1870, and bought the Torr bull imp.
Gen. Napier from Col. King with a view toward showing at the Wiscon-
sin State Fair and various local shows, where they met George Murray,
Messrs. Brockway and others. Gen. Napier was a very low, thick, mellow-
fleshed bull, and one of the very first of his get was the famous Jubilee
Napier, sold to Mr. Pickrell. Other good ones were Miss Leslie Napier,
that went to C. A. DeGraff at a high price, and Gem of Eryholme, sold to S.
W. Jacobs of Iowa. All of these made great reputations and were grand
individual cattle. Gen. Napier was afterward sold to Stephen Dunlap, but
realizing their mistake Messrs. Parks bought him back. They purchased
the entire herd of C. K. Ward of New York, besides a number of cattle from
Messrs. Lusk, Wadsworth, Pratt and other prominent Eastern breeders,
and were for several years among the most active in the American Short-
horn trade.

The Glen Flora Herd that was shown in the fall of 1872 won something
over $2,000 in prizes at Michigan and Wisconsin State Fairs and the district
fairs held at Aurora and Dixon, 111. It included the bulls imp. Gen. Napier,
imp Scotsman, imp. Baron Hubback 2d, and among the females were the
champion cow imp. Henrietta, imp. Ruberta, imp. Lady Brough, shown as
a two-year-old ; Miss Leslie, Pattie Moore, Miss Leslie Napier, and the calf
3d Gem of Eryholme. This was a strong lot, admirably fitted.

THE SENSATION OF SEVENTY-THREE. 437

MoiDes secured imp. Frill at $1 ,050. Sodowsky
bought imp. Scotsman 10951, of Lyndale fame,
at $1,000. Scotsman was a roan of the Duke of
Buccleuch's breeding, and it is of interest to
note in passing that he was a half-brother to
the dam of the afterward famous Duke of Rich-
mond, so celebrated in the herd of J. H. Potts
& Son. At the Murray sale A. B. Conger of
New York bought the 17th Duke of Airdrie for
12,300, and S. W. Jacobs of West Liberty, la.,
the cow Forest Queen at $1,280. Gen. Sol
Meredith of Indiana gave $1,325 for Valeria;
S. W. Jacobs $1,350 for 3d Louan of Slauson-
dale; William Stewart of Taylor, 111., $l,70o for
2d Lady of Racine and $1,400 for Mazurka 20th,
and G.'W. Gaines of Ridge Farm $1,775 for
Mazurka 23d. W. B. Dodge of Waukegan sold
a lot at the same time at high prices, G. J.
Hagerty of Ohio paying $1,010 for Elsie, and
Elliott & Kent $1,000 for Mazurka of AVood-
lawn.

In May of this year Col. King sold ten head
to William S. Chapman and J. D. Carr of Cali-
fornia for $10,000, including the prize bull Old
Sam 10551.

Dunmore's big deaL^Meantime liord l>uu-
more closed a trade with the Hon. M. H. Coch-
rane for ten lu^ul of liates-bred cattle for $5().-
000. This lot included ()th Duke of Geneva,
Duchesses 97th, 101st and 108d. one Waterloo

43S A HISTORY OF SHORT-HORN CATTLE.

and five Wild Eyes. Ducliess 97th at the time
of this sale to Dunmore was at Walcott &
Campbell's, being bred to the 2d Duke of Onei-
da. Duchess 103d died at Hillhurst before the
order was filled.

Summer sales. — In July Edward lies sold
imp. Cherub 11505 at auction at Springfield for
16,000 to J. H. Spears of Tallula, 111.,* and at
the same sale Gen. Meredith paid $2,000 for
Joan of Arc, $1,650 for Royal Duchess 2d, $1,200
for Royal Duchess 3d and $2,200 for two Louans;
Henry Clark of Missouri $1,000 for Anna Bo-
leyn; S. C. Duncan of same State $1,100 for
Florence; J. H. Kissinger $1,000 for Prairie
Blossom, and W. R. Duncan $1,000 for Baron-
ess Bates 3d. About the same time William
Stewart of Franklin Grove, 111., sold a lot at an
average of $540, chiefly notable now from the
fact that it contained the first specimen of the
breeding of Mr. Amos Cruickshank of Sittyton,
Aberdeenshire, Scotland, to pass through the
sale-ring in the West since the Illinois Import-
ing Co.'s sale of 1857, viz.: the show cow Vio-
let's Forth, bought by J. H. Spears for $1,525.
George Otley gave $1,000 at this sale for Dove
6th. On June 25 J. H. Kissinger held a sale
that averaged $540 on the females, the "top" of

* Cherub was bred by Lord Sudeley of Gloucestershire, En?., and was
got by Baron Booth (21212), sire of imp. Barou Booth of Lancaster, out of
Seraphina 13th by John o' Gaunt (16322). He was liriported by Cochrane,
who sold him to lies.

THE SENSATION OP SEVENTY-THREE. 439

which was Illustrious 3d at $2,000 to T. W.
Garrard of Missouri. This was one of the best
cows of her time— a red-roan, bred by James
N. Brown's Sons and sired by the Roan Duch-
ess bull Gallant Duke 6749 from a cow descend-
ing from imp. Illustrious by Emperor. She was
five years old at the time of this sale. J. H.
Spears bought the Pomona show cow Ph«be
Taylor for $1,500 and Mr. Pickrell the red
Beauty by De Vaux cow Fari-na 2d, also a
noted prize-taker, at the same figure. The
Daisy (by Wild) show l)ull Duke of Airdrie
9800 went to H. Clark of Missouri at $l,0(iO.
At Dr. A. C. Stevenson's sale at Greencastle,
Ind., Aug. 13, $1,000 was paid by J. Bridges!
Bainbridge, Ind., for Stevenson's 2Sth and
$1,100 by same party for Stevenson's 37tli.
At R. R. Seymour's sale at Chillicothe, 0.. a
half-interest in 3d Duke of Oneida sold for
$3,300 to John Montgomery, Licking, 0. At
R. 11. Prewitt's sale at Pine Grove, Ky., July
31, Gen. Meredith gave $2,800 for the Booth
bull imp. Forest Napier 11973. At Winches-
ter, Ky., Aug. 1, at a sale conducted by Cai^t.
P. C. Kidd for the estate of Lewis Ilaiupton.
$3,300 was paid by B. B. Groom for .Ajazuika
Belle and $3,150 by same party for Lady Paw-
lett. At the same sale Geneva Lad 10129 wont
to A. H. Ham|)ton at .Sl.s:)(l, the cow Mazurka
Bell<> iM 1(. II, ,11. T. .1. .Mcgil)ben at $2,050,

440 A HISTORY OF SHORT-HORN CATTLE.

Annie Laura to S. F. Lockriclge, Greencastle,
Ind., for $1,000, the bull Mazurka Lad 15928 to
J. V. Grigsby at $1,400, and the bull Mazurka
Duke 2d 15927 to Mr. W. Voorhies of Illinois at
$1,225. Abram Van Meter sold at Winchester,
Ky., Aug. 2 and received $2,000 from R. H.
Prewitt for Forest Queen, $1,010 from John
(h'igsby for Forest Beauty and $1,000 from the
same buyer for May Cadenza. On. Aug. 5
George M. Bedford made an average of $849 on
twenty-seven females, receiving for 5th Duch-
ess Louan $3,575, for 23d Duchess of Goodness
$2,950, for 22d of same name $1,000, for the
21st $1,025 — all to local buyers — and for 9th
Duke of Goodness 11736 $4,500 from Strawn &
Lewis of Ottawa, 111. At James Hall's sale at
Paris, Ky., Aug. 6, S. F. Lockridge gave $1,060
for Sarah Rice 5th. At Silver Lake, Kan., on
Aug. 20 the State Agricultural College paid
Andrew Wilson $1,050 and $900 respectively
for a pair of Young Marys — Grace Youngs 4th
and 5th.

While these sales serve to indicate the pre-
vailing furor as evidenced around the auction
block, leading breeders were making important
private transfers. Leney took to England from
New York Mills 10th Maid of Oxford and 6th
Duke of Oneida. A. J. Alexander sold 15th
Duchess of Airdrie for export to Cheney at
$10,000! J. H. Pickrell while attending the

THE SENSATION OF SEVENTY-THREE. Ul

Kentucky sales bou^^ht the famous Booth hull
Breastplate 11195 from Prewitt for $0,250.
George Murray bought 11th Duke of Geneva
9843 from George M. Bedford at a reporte<l
price of |1 0,000. The bull had been bought Ijy
Mr. Bedford at Hughes & Richardson's sale of
1872 for ICOOO. Eichard Gibson exported a
half-dozen females of the Frantic or Fletchei-
Bell-Bates sort, a Kirklevington cow and two
Princesses, and sent word back from England
that at Cheney's sale the 9th Duke of Geneva's
heifers averaged over $2,000 each! The pot
was boiling furiously on both sides the Atlautir
and — then came the deluge.

New York Mills dispersion.— Hon. Samuel
Campbell, after accjuiring the interest of his
partner (Mr. Walcott) in the Duches-^es and
other Short-horns at New York Mills, was now
ready for the coup toward which the events
detailed in the foregoing pages had all been
tending, to-wit.: the closing-out of the entire
herd at auction. The 10th of September, 1873,
was the day set for the event. John R. Page,
Sennett, N. Y., was engaged as auctioneer an<l
Mr. Carr of England was asked to write up the
herd on the other side the water for a consid-
eration of IX per cent of the gross receipts.
H. StralTord, the celebrated English auctioneer
and editor of tln^ Kngii^h licni J{ook, was cor-
respond(Ml with. n.> was to M\ the Duchesses

442 A HISTORY OF SHORT-HORN CATTLE,

for a fee of 1,000 guineas! He published a sale
catalogue of the Duchesses and Oxfords. Page
announced: "I have the sale and shall he
pleased to see Mr. Straft'ord and have his as-
sistance, but he will sell what I choose to as-
sign him. I am the auctioneer." The Carr
episode led to a long and heated newspaper
controversy, in the course of which BelVs Mes-
senger of London said: "The words quoted by
Mr. Carr mean that when he offered to Mr.
Campbell as a salable commodity his influence
with British Short-horn buyers and Mr. Camp-
bell agreed to accept it at a price both Mr.
Campbell and Mr. Carr (on their own showing)
were guilty of disgraceful traffic in public con-
fidence." All of which served as capital adver-
tising.

There were now no Duchesses living on
either side the Atlantic descended direct from
Mr. Bates' herd, without admixture of blood
from other sources, save those at New York
Mills, and they were all derived from Duchess
66th.''' Just why this should have made the
Mills cattle so much more precious than their

♦The leading' outcrosses on the Duchesses came through 2d Duke of
Athol (11376) into the Duchesses of Airdrie, through Usurer (9763) into the
English Duchesses, through Imperial Oxford 4905, Prince Imperial (15095)
and 2d Duke of Bolton (12739) into the Grand Duchesses, and through Grand
Turk (12969) into some of the Dukes of Thorndale. Outcrosses put upon the
Oxfords included Romeo (13619) and his sons Oxford Lad 4320 and Imperial
Oxford 4905: Marquis of Carrahas (117S9), bred by Fawkes, and Lamartlne
(11662), bred by J. M. Sherwood. Imperial Duke (18083), that was half-Duch-
ess and half-Knightley, had also been introduced into some of the Duchess
and Oxford pedigrees.

THE SENSATION OF SEVENTY-THREE. 443

distinguished relatives is not apparent at this
time, especially in view of the freedom with
which Mr. Bates had outcrossed the family
during his lifetime, except upon the hypoth-
esis that all skill and judgment in mating cat-
tle perished with the founder of the tribe. As
a matter of fact evidence was not wanting that
hhis very element of "purity" carried with it
the seeds of danger. At the time Gil)Son sev-
ered his connection with the herd* it was of
high average merit, ])ut it had ))een culled
freely and handled with consummate judg-

♦ Richard Gibson, speaklnff of the sale, says: "The question of the
hour was not what the average would be but what would a Duchess bring?
Some were sanguine enough to place the figure at $20,000. In the morning
the tension was something terrific, and as the time to commence drew near
little coteries were beginning to bunch together, Kentucky's tall sons to
the northwestrof the ring, the English visitors on the southwest, while the
others were promiscuously seated in the stand. Kello, the incomprehen-
sible, was alone away from all tlie rest, fearful to nil.x with these dreaded
Yankees lest they should steal not his purse but his thoughts and inten-
tions. During the forenoon W. R. Duncan had approached Mr. Campbell,
saying: ' I apjjrehend, sir, yoti are aware that Mr. Page can't sell this
bunch of cattle In one da.v."

"Mr. Campbell posted ofC to Page and said: 'I hope you will not at-
tempt to sell all these cattle in one day." ' I sliall," replied Page. 'Then.
sir, I shall consider that you are sacrificing ni.v property,' was Campbell's
rejoinder. ' May I take the bids as fast as they come? ' asked the auction-
eer.

" On a watering trouglt in the center of a ring Mr. Page took his stand.
The proverbial pin could have been lieard to drop. The exclt<'ment at this
moment was Intense; not noisy or boisterous, but for two or tliree d;»y8
the tension had graduallj- been increasing. Tht-re w;»s the keenest anxiety
as to wliat the Englishiiien were after, and a determination to prevent them
from taking all llie best. Mr. Page gaugt^tl the feeling of his comiviiiy.
Tliey liad not come, some of them over thrve thousand miles, to he:ir n ' t
of Clu-ap .John spreaii-i'aglelstn, tnit for business. Ues;ild: *l»tM)tIi
please give me your attention and I will read the conditions of this - . •
The 'id Duke of Oneida was brought into the ring while he wa« readliur
them. 'Will an.vone make me an offer on the bnll?" were the opendur
words. "Ten thousand dollars.' came the answer from the Kentueklaus.
Uid uu the sale beirau."

444 A HISTORY OF SHORT-HORN CATTL?;.

ment. The desire to possess the "pure" blood,
regardless of all other considerations, had taken
firm hold upon those who considered that the
Duchesses as Bates had left them constituted
the creme de la creme of the Short-horn breed.
The National pride of the English breeders was
appealed to with success. America had taken
from the mother-land what many of the Britons
esteemed as the highest single source of Short-
horn excellence. Hence they came to New
York Mills prepared to heap their golden guin-
eas high against American dollars. History
has long since characterized this as a day of
monumental folly, but as the event stands out
in bold relief as the crowning sensation of the
century in the realm of stock-breeding it there-
fore demands adequate record in these pages.
Some idea of the nature of the scene may be
gleaned from the following notes made by an
eye witness — the late George W. Rust, whose
library and manuscripts were acquired by pur-
chase by the author many years ago:

The Duchesses of course formed the attractive feature of this
sale ; and in the lobbies at the hotels, which were thronged with
breeders from all parts of this country, and a liberal representa-
tion of English breeders, speculation was rife as to the prices
which would be realized. It was rumored that the Englishmen
(with the exception of Mr. Kello, who represented Mr. R. Pavin
Davies, with whom the other English gentlemen refused to enier
into any arrangement ) had a private understanding as to which
animal each person would bid upon, the others agreeing not to
compete with their countrymen in these cases, and that Earl Bec-
tive's representative had brought £13,000 (about $70,000) with

THE SENSATION OF SEVENTY-THREE. 445

him, and it began to be whispered that some of the females would
bring as high as $15,000 each. This seemed lilie a fabulous price,
however; and as every one took great pains to conceal his own in-
tentions there were many persons loth to believe that this much
was to be paid, and the probability of «15,0(XJ being paid for a
single animal on the morrow was the staple subject of discussion
as long as the lobbies contained any people. Gradually they
thinned out, and soon after midnight they were entirely deserted
and Short-horns and Duchesses passed out of mind, save as the
anxious ones painted and pictured them in their dreams. With
the earliest streak of dawn the hotel lobbies began to fill, and the
probable events of the day engaged the attention of all. Before
the breakfast hour had passed it was evident something new and
startling had been discovered ; and soon it was whispered that a
delegation from Clark Co., Ky., was present with S60,000, which
had been raised for the purchase of three females, and the proba-
bility of S20,00() being paid formed the subject of eager discussion.
The sum seemed so enormous, however, that few believed it al-
though the minds of all were in a measure prepared for such an
event.

By 10 o'clock the hotels were deserted and the crowds had
transferred themselves to the Mills, where they thronged the
stables or gathered in excited groups about the ample grounds.
At 1 o'clock Mr. Page announced the sale. Those in attendance
had gathered upon the stand with the seats ranged one above an-
other, and the reporters and clerks sharpened their pencils at the
tables. The first animal led into the ring was the

. 2d Duke of Oneida, a deep red, calved Aug. 3, 1S70. got by 4th
Duke of Geneva 7931 out of 13th Duchess of Thorndale by 10th
Duke of Thorndale (284.->8). Mr. Alexander of Kentucky wanted
him, as did Mr. T. J. Megibben of the same State, and negotiations
had been pending between them all tbe morning looking to the
transfer to Mr. Megibben of Mr. Alexander's Duke of Airdrie,
which, if they had proved successful, would have taken Mr!
Megibben out of the competition and brought Mr. Alexander in.
These negotiations, however, were not successful, in consequence
of the price demanded by Mr. Alexander; and making a final un-
successful effort to reconcile thoir differences, while the auc-
tioneer was making his preliminary remarks, Mr. Megibben
started the bull at ?10.(XK). The English gentlemen were gath-
ered in a little knot at the left, of the auctioneer and wanted
the bull also, and the opening bid foil among them like a bomb,
shell and gave them the first iutimation of the character and

446 A HISTORY OF SHORT-HORN CATTLE.

nerve of the gentlemen who were to contest with them the
honors of the day. "'Eleven thousand dollars"' was said by one
of them in an agitated voice, so uncertain and tremulous that
Mr. Page for the moment was uncertain whether the bidder
meant it or not, and then their heads were laid together in anx-
ious consultation. A number of Kentuckians also gathered around
Mr. Megibben, and on both sides of the ring there was a group of
anxious faces. With those around him Mr. Megibben made a
private arrangement for the service of the bull in case he fell to
him, and to carry him (as we afterward learned) past $17,000 be-
fore surrendering him. As the group of Kentuckians separated
Mr. Megibben raised the bid to $12,000, and still the Englishmen
consulted, ft was evident they wanted the bull; but the females
were more valuable, and they were of the opinion that if they ad-
vanced the price of him to the point to which the Kentuckians
were prepared to go the price of the females might be correspond-
ingly advanced, and perhaps put altogether beyond their reach.
Their minds were quickly made up on this point, and the 2d Duke
of Oneida was knocked off to Mr. Megibben at $12,000, the highest
price ever paid to that moment for a Short-horn. Then the cheers
rose, peal on peal, and the more distant seats of the stand were
deserted and their occupants gathered closer to the scene and
clustered like bees ax'ound the auctioneer.

1st Duchess of Oneida was then led in. She was a red-and-
white, calved Jan. 24, 1870, got by 10th Duke of Thorndale (28458)
out of 8th Duchess of Geneva by 3d Lord of Oxford (22200), and in
calf since Dec. 10 to 2d Duke of Oneida. The Clark Co. (Ky. ) com-
bination started her at once at $15,000, which Lord Skelmersdale
of England raised, at once to $30,000, shutting out a bid of $25,000
proffered by Mr. George Murray of Racine, Wis. His Lordship
was evidently informed that the Clark County gentlemen had
brought $60,000 for the purpose of buying three, and his bid called
upon them to place the half of it on the head of a single animal.
This took them by surprise, and to gain a moment's time for re-
flection they interposed an additional bid of $100, upon which his
Lordship promptly placed another $100. The Kentuckians con-
cluded to follow her no further, and then Mr. Kello, the represen-
tative of Mr. Davies of England, advanced the $200 bid to $300,
which Lord S. promptly made $400. Mr. Kello and Mr. Brodhead
(the representative of Mr. Alexander), who was quietly smoking
in the rear of the English party, which by this time had gathered
inside the fence, bid $500 simultaneously, and $30,600 was his Lord-
ship's response. All were now done and she was quickly knocked

THE SENSATION OF SEVENTV-'J IIKEE. 447

off to him on this bid. Considering her age and that she is almost
at the calving she was one of the best bargains of all the Duch-
esses. Thirty thousand dollars ! it seemed incredible, and for a
few moments none could realize it; but in a short time it seemed
to break upon the minds of all and such a scene of excitement was
never witnessed before. Men shouted themselves hoarse and hats
were waved and flung wildly into the air on all sides, and several
minutes elapsed before order could be restored and the ring
cleared for the entrance of her calf, the

7th Duchess of Oneida, a red-and-white, calved Aug. 1, 1872, by
2d Duke of Oneida 9036 out of 1st Duchess of Oneida by 10th Duke
of Thomdale (2845S). The audience began to feel the reaction
which follows every unusual excitement and to repent of such ex-
treme figures. She was led around the ring and not a bid ; the
contestants eyeing each other from all sides, as if striving to
master each other's intentions. Finally Col. King started her at
Sr,,()(X) and the ball opened-S7.0(»0, fs.ooo bv two, ?1 0,000 by two
?11,000 by two, $12,000 by two, followed in such rapid succession
that It was impossible to see from whom the bids came. 'Twelve
thousand five hundred makes it my bid," came from Mr. Brod-
head, which the Englishmen in his front promptly raised to $13,-
000. From the further side of the ring Mr. E. G. Bedford of Ken-
tucky interposed another.?;500, which the Englishmen made 114,-
000, only to elicit an additional i?500 when it came to Mr. Brod
head's turn. Mr. Bedford, who had crowded to the front, now
saw between whom the competition lay and shook his head, as a
token that he would not interfere, and $:m bids followed untU
the calf was declared the property of Mr. Alexander at «19.0iKi.
The audience, who began to fear from the sale of the dam that
the English gentlemen were determined to have them all, greeted
Mr. Brodhead's victory with the most rapturous api)lause. The
next animal to come under Mr. Page's hammer was the

10th Duchess of Geneva, a roan, calved May 15, 1S67, got by 2d
Duke of Geneva (2:{7ry2) out of 5th Duchess of Geneva by Gr^nd
Duke of Oxford (1G184), in calf since March 30 by 2d Duke of
Oneida. Col. Morris of New York led off with f5,oilO. which Col
King of Minnesota raised to ?10.(KK). Mr. KcUo advanced the fi^r-
uro to *1.\(H)0 for Mr. Davies, and Mr. Berwick for Eari Bectivc
made it ?20,(H)0, when it was very evident there was to bo such a
trial of nerve as had not before boon witnessed. One of tho Kon-
tuckiana bid fJ5.(HH), and Col. King added another Jl.tHlO. which
Mr. Berwick lost no time in advancing to Hao.m). This bid Mr
Brodhead advanced *100. when Mr. Berwick declared, '•! am

448 A HISTORY OF SHORT-HORN CATTLE.

done," and started to leave the ring. His English friends, how-
ever, rallied him, and he exclaimed in an excited manner, "Thirty
thousand dollars! how much is that in sterling?" One of them
pushed him again to the front, exclaiming, "Buy her, and count it
afterward!" but not until Mr. Kello had taken advantage of his
excitement to raise the price to 130,500. Mr. Berwick returned
with $31,000, Mr Kello with SI 00, which Mr. Berwick raised to
$500. with no other effect than to bring from his opponent a bid of
$32,000. Mr. Berwick seemed to be nettled by Mr. Kello's undis-
turbed manner and added another $1,000, making $33,000; and Mr.
KeUo, not at all dashed, added $500 more without delay, and then
Mr. Berwick advanced it to $34,000; "and $500," was Mr. Kello's
response. Mr. Berwick put on enough to make $35,000, and Mr.
Kello's flag and the auctioneer's hammer came down. The Amer-
icans, who had not made a bid after the $26,000 and were aware
that Mr. Kello had not been permitted to become a member of the
English party, watched this contest between the two English in-
terests with no little concern; and his opponents, although evi-
dently feeling they had paid dear for the victory, were in high
glee that they had won it. Of course the price, $35,000, would
never be equaled again, and the audience gave itself up once more
to various expressions of astonishment. The entrance to the ring
of the

8th Duchess of Oneida served to restore order. Another roan
she proved to be, calved Nov. 18, 1872, got by the 4th Duke of
Geneva 7931 out of 10th Duchess of Geneva by 2d Duke of Geneva
(23752). She was started at $5,000 and advanced rapidly to $14,-
000. Between this and $15,000 the bids were quick but small, but
she finally passed this point, and was sold to Mr. Berwick for
Earl Bective at $15,300. Then came the

13th Duchess of Thorndale, red, calved Feb. 25, 1867, got by
10th Duke of Thorndale (28458) out of 10th Duchess of Thorndale
by 2d Grand Duke (12961), served July 8 by 4th Duke of Oneida.
She, too, was started at $5,000 by Col. Morris, which was doubled
by Col. King. Mr A. B. Conger of New York added another
$1,000, and $1,000 bids followed quickly until she was declared to
be the property of Mr. Conger at $15,000. Then came the

4th Duchess of Oneida, red, calved Jan. 17, 1872, got by 4th
Duke of Geneva 7931 out of 13th Duchess of Thorndale by 10th
Duke of Thorndale (28458). She was started by the English party
and ran up in two or three bids to $10,000, and a few $500 bids sent
her up to $13,000, which several gentlemen raised to $13,500, and
Mr. George Murray made it $14,000 to prevent dispute. Mr. Brod-

THE SENf^ATION OF SEVENTY-TIIRE?:. 449

head then si^ified his willingness to contend for her by advanc-
ing her ^500 more, and Mr. E. G. Bedford advanced the fijrure to
$15,000; and here it seemed as if the battle was over, for Mr.
Brodhead came back with only ?100. Mr. Bedford responded
with another flOO, Mr. Brodhead made it t300. At this point Mr.
Holford of England, considering the Amencans had about got
through, entered the lists with a ?200 bid, aad she stood at $15,-
500. Mr. Brodhead greeted his new competitor with an addi-
tional $5(X) bid, to which the Englishman responded with a $1.0(X),
making it $17,000. Mr. Brodhead promptly interposed another
flOO, and the Englishman, adopting the same tactics, bid $100
more, and she climbed up slowly, ?100 at a time, until Mr. Brod-
head had bid $17,600, when Mr. Holford, as if hoping to shake off
the Kentuckian, bid sharply $ls,000. And to show that he could
not be bluffed by that game Mr. Brodhead added promptly an-
other $1,000. From $U*,000 to $21,000 the bids were $100 each in
most cases, and when that point was reached Mi*. Holford, seeing
the Kentuckian was in no measure disturbed, dropped out of the
contest, and Mr. E. G. Bedford came forward, just as she was
about to be knocked off, with a $500 bid, Mr. Brodhead respond-
ing with a similar amount, and $.'i00 more was bid by Mr. Megib-
ben, the gentleman who had purchased the bull, and Mr. Brod-
head made it $2:5,000, and, with $500 jumi)s, she advanced to $2."),-
000, as Mr. Bedford's bid. Mr. Brodhead then discovering that
it was one of his Kentucky neighbors who was bidding against
him declined to go farther, and she was knocked off at $25,(XK1 to
Messrs. E. G. Bedford and T. J. Mesribben of Kentucky. The an-
nouncement that she was to remain in this country again made
the audience extremely demonstrative, but when the

8th Duchess of Geneva was led into the ring a tolerable degree
of silence and order was restored. She proved to be a red-and-
whito, calved July 28, 1S6(>; got by the 3d Lord of Oxford (22200)
out of the 1st Duchess of Geneva by 2d Grand Duke ( 12061 1;
served Juno 1 by 2d Duke of Oneida. Being seven years old and
over, and having produced nearly the full complement of calves
which this family of cows produce in this country, it was not ex-
pected that she would sell so well as some of the others, and Mr.
Kello doubtless expected to get her on the first bid. when he
placed $10,000 on her head. But the other English gentlemen had
afjreod among themselves that Mr. Kello sliould not have a Duch-
ess, and they rai.sed him at one jump to $15,0lK) and the audience
were at once overcome by the excitement. $ltV(X10 and $17. (XW
were bid fwm the stand, and then $20,tKX) by two. one of them

450 A HISTORY OF SHORT-HORN CATTLE.

being Mr. Kello, and some one of the English party made it $25,-
000. Mr. Kello made it $26,000, and his opponents $30,000. Mr.
Kello added $1,000 more, and his bid was promptly raised to $32,-
000. Then $33,000 came from the stand (from either Col. King,
Col. Morris, Mr. Murray, or G. M. Bedford), and was the highest
American bid, and Mr. Kello raised that to $34,000, when the
other Englishmen made it 836.000. Mr. Kello hesitated, but re-
membering his unsuccessful contest for the 10th Duchess of Ge-
neva, and that his countrymen had combined to rule him out
altogether from this much-coveted family, he determined to take
Lord Skelmersdale's advice to Mr. Berwick and "ibuy /ler," and
added $500, which brought $37,000 from his opponents. "T/iuti/-
eight thousand,^^ said Mr. Kello. Evidently thinking that one more
bold push would crowd Kello from the course one of them bid
forty thoiisand doUars ! For a moment Mr. Kello faltered, but finally
added $100. Here she seemed likely to go, but Mr. Berwick added
$100 more. " Forty thviisand three hundred dollars, just in time, from
Mr. Kello." The excitement was now so intense that every indi-
vidual in that vast throng seemed to hold his breath ; the silence
was absolutely oppressive, and broken only by the words of the
auctioneer as he slowly repeated: "Forty — thousand — three —
hundred — dollars — Are — you — all — done —gentlemen? " Softly
Simon Beattie, with an English order in his pocket and Mr. Coch-
rane at his back, ventured another $100. ^'^ Forty thousand four
hundred; are you all done gentlemen? '" were the measured words
which alone broke the deathly silence. Reluctant to go farther,
still more reluctant to yield, Mr. Kello stood like a statue, while
every eye was resting upon him, and finally added $50 more.
^^ Five hundred,''^ said Berwick, in a sharp, impatient tone, as if
anxious to end in some way the terrible suspense. '^ Forty thou-
sand five hundred dttllars; are you all done? Once! Twice! Six
hundred, and in time," and she was knocked off to Mr. Kello for R.
Pavin Davies of England. One long breath, and then the cheers
went up, and the thousands there seemed fairly beside them-
selves, and the extravagant things which were said and done
would fill a volume. A few minutes were given to allow people
to recover their senses, and then the

10th Duchess of Oneida was led in — a last spring's calf (dropped
in April), red-and-white, by the 2d Duke of Oneida out of 8th
Duchess of Geneva by 3d Lord Oxford (22200). Before order was
restored Col. Morris of New York started her at $5,000. Col. King
of Minnesota, who sat beside him, made it $10,000 ; $11,000 and $12,-
000 were bid, when George M. Bedford of Kentucky from the seat

THE SENSATION OF SEVENTY-THKEE. 451

behind put her at $15,000. Mr. Richard Gibson, who had hurried
home from England to attend this sale with an order in his pocket,
added $^3,000 more, and then Mr. Brodhead, who desired her to
grace the blue grass at Woodburn, placed her at ^\H,()W, and Mr.
Gibson put her at once to $20,000. But this was a game at which
two could play, and Mr. Brodhead advanced the figure to $22,(XXJ,
and Mr. Gibson went $2,000 better still. Twenty-five thousand,
even money, seemed a point hard to pass, and Mr. Brodhead, evi-
dently thinking Mr. Gibson would not get over that limit, made
the bid. Mr. Gibson, however, had another thousand, and Mr.
Brodhead was compelled to pay $27,000 before he secured her.
The contest was a short one, and the announcement that the Eng-
lishmen had again failed to capture a Duchess provoked the wild-
est enthusiasm. The

9th Duchess of Oneida, another calf of the present year
(dropped March 2), was next led in. She proved to be a roan by
2d Duke of Oneida 9926 out of 12th Duchess of Thorndale by 6th
Duke of Thorndale (23794). She had two outcrosses in her pedi-
gree, the Romeo through the 6th Duke of Thorndale, and the Im-
perial Duke through her second dam, and for that reason perhaps,
and because of the natural reaction from the previous excitement,
did not attract so much attention. She was started at $5,000 by
Col. King of Minnesota and knocked off to Mr. Berwick for Earl
Bective on the next bid— $10,000. She was followed by the

12th Duchess of Thorndale, roan, calved Oct. 13, 1865, by 6ta
Duke of Thorndale (23794) out of 5th Duchess of Thorndale by Im-
perial Duke (18083), in calf since April 17 by 2d Duke of Oneida.
She had the Romeo and Imperial Duke crosses in her pedigree,
and besides w^as eight years old and her prime as a breeder about
passed, and for this reason the first bid was but $500. This was
too cheap, however, and there was considerable comi)etition Tor
her developed, and finally at $5,700 she was knocked off to A. B.
Conger of New York. As she was led out there was led in the

3d Duchess of Oneida, roan, ciilved March 19, 1871, by 4th Duke
of Geneva 7931 out of 8th Duchess of Thorndale by 3d Duke of
Airdrie (23717), through which she gets the Lord George outcross,
served July 3d by 4th Duke of Oneida. She was started at $5,(X)0
by Ml'. Duncan of Illinois, which was promptly doubled by Col.
Morris of New York. Mr. Duncan added $2.tH>(), Col. King $1.(K)0.
G. M. Bedford $500, and Mr. Murray of Racino hid $14,000. Then
Mr. Berwick of England bid $15,(H)0, to which Mr Hnxihead added
1100. Mr. Ilolford of Hnglaiul tliou appeared as a competitor, and
finally secured her at $15.(>00.

452 A HISTORY OP SHORT-HORN CATTLE.

SUMMARY OF HIGHEST PRICES AND AVERAGES.

8th Duchess of Geneva— R. Pavin Da vies, England . $40,600

10th Duchess of Geneva— Earl Bective, England 35,000

1st Duchess of Oneida— Lord Skelmersdale, England 30,600

10th Duchess of Oneida — A. J. Alexander, Kentucky 27,000

4th Duchess of Oneida— E. G. Bedford and T. J. Megibben,

Kentucky 25,000

7th Duchess of Oneida— A. J. Alexander 19,000

3d Duchess of Oneida— T. Holford, England 15,600

8th Duchess of Oneida — Earl Bective 15,300

13th Duchess of Thorndale— A. B. Conger, New York 15,000

9th Duchess of Oneida— Earl Bective 10,000

12th Duchess of Thorndale— A . B. Conger 5,700

2d Duke of Oneida— T. J. Megibben, Kentucky 12,000

4th Duke of Oneida— Ezra Cornell, New Y'ork 7,600

7th Duke of Oneida— A. W. Griswold, Vermont 4,000

11 females* sold for $238,800 ; an average of $21,709

3 bulls sold for 23,600; an average of 7,866

14 Duchesses sold for 262,400; an average of 18,742

Countess of Oxford— A. B. Conger $9,100

12th Lady of Oxford— T, Holford 7,000

2d Maid of Oxford— A. W. Griswold 6,000

12th Maid of Oxford— Col. L. G. Morris, New York 6,000

10th Earl of Oxford— A. B. Cornell, New York 2,-500

2d Countess of Oxford— A. W. Griswold 2, 100

6th Lord of Oxford— Simon Beattie 1,300

3d Maid of Oxford— Warnock & Megibben 1,000

6 femalest sold for $31,200 ; an average of $5,200

2buUssoldfor 3,800 ; an average of 1,900

8 Oxfords sold for 85,000 ; an average of 4,375

Lady Knightley 3d— Col. L. G. Morris $5,000

Lady Knightley 4th— A. W. Griswold 4,000

Lady Knightley 2d— E. K. Thomas, Kentucky 3,100

Lady Bates 4th— E. G. Bedford 3,250

Lady Bates 6th— George M. Bedford 2,300

Lady Bates 7th— A. B. Cornell 1,600

Lady Worcester 5th (Wild Eyes)— T. Holford 3,100

•This is exclusive of the 8th Duchess of Thorndale, that was sold as
barren to C. F. Wadsworth of New York at $150.

t Exclusive of 7th Lady of Oxford, sold as doubtful breeder to Ezra
Coruell at $40U.

THE SEiN'SATlON OF SKVEN'I V-llUiEE. 453

Lady Worcester 4th (Wild Eyes;— T. Holford 3,fXK)

Atlantic Gwynne— Lord Skelraersdale 2.(XX»

Miss Gwynne— Col. William S. King 1,700

Brenda (Bloom;— Col. L. G. Morris 2,500

Berlinda (Bloom)— Col. L. G. Morris 2 :iOO

Bloom 4th (Bloom;— A. B. Cornell 1,000

Beauty's Pride (Foggathorpe)— A. W. Griswold 1,725

Baron Oxford's Beauty (Foggathorpe)— Bush & Hampton,

Kentucky 1,500

Cherry Constance 2d— T. J. Megibben l,72.-i

Cherry Constance— Col. King l,i(X)

Peri 4th— Col. King 1,700

Peri 5th— Col. King 1,300

Moselle (Mazurka;— A. W. Griswold 1,425

Rosamond 10th— W. R. Duncan, Illinois 2,050

Victoria 7th— A. W. Griswold 1,526

Water Lily— Bush & Hampton ) .125

Roan Duchess 3d— George M. Bedford I,0'.i5

92 females sold for $350,775 ; an average of $3,813

17 bulls sold for 31,215 ; an average of l.Ki<^

109 animals sold for 381,990 , an average of 3,504

Kello's mistake. — After the sale it developed
that the agent of Mr. Davies had made an error
in estimating American currency while bidding
the Sth Duchess of (ioneva up to $4(i.(»(M). Da-
vies, while not disavowing his agent's act.
cabled Mr. Campl)ell to resell the cow and he
would adjust tlit^ (Uft'erence l)etween such price
as niiglit ])e receive<l ami the price bid 1)}' Kello.
Campbell wrote to ("ol. L. U. Morris stating the
facts and asked liim to make an offer on the
cow, Moiris replied that he was willing to
take her at the [»rice made l)y her daughter at
the sale, viz.: $8(M)(I0, and the offer was ac-
cepted. Meantime Davitvs was finMiiing a syn-
•licate in England to take the cow at the $40,-

454 A HISTORY OF SHORT-HORN CATTLE.

600 bid, and finally cabled: "Don't sell the cow.
Have arranged to take her." This arrived too
late, however, as the trade with Col. Mon-is had
been closed. The cow, being forward in calf,
was left at Mr. Campbell's farm until parturi-
tion should take place. A few days before her
time she dropped a fully-developed dead heifer
calf, and soon thereafter the cow herself died,
all efforts to save her proving fruitless.* Mr.
Davies then sent a bill of exchange for $5,000
to Mr. Campbell, which was handed over to
Col. Morris, thus alleviating to that extent his
lamentable loss. Morris had no thought of
buying a Duchess before the sale, but as the
bidding progressed and the "plums" seemed
falling steadily to the English party^ Samuel
Thorne remarked to Col. Morris: "It is a pity
there is no American Gunter here." This was
an allusion to the hrst contest for the posses-
sion of the Duchesses at the Tortworth sale in
England in 1S53, as noted on page 242. Upon
that occasion Gunter had driven out to Earl
Ducie's without the slightest idea of becoming
a bidder, but in response to an appeal to the
"patriotism" of the large crowd of Englishmen
present to prevent the capture of the tribe
bodily by the Americans he entered the lists.

*It has been said by those familiar with the facts that the 8th Duchess
was literally done to her death by an ignorant Irish employe of Mr. Camp-
bell's. She developed at parturition a case of false presentation, with
which she wrestled for thirty-six hours, while the poor beast was di'iveu

THE SENSATION OF SEVENTY-THREE. 455

Sources of deterioration. — England was
more fortunate than America in her Duchess
investments; or it may be nearer the truth
to say that in the hands of English herds-
men the cattle v^ere handled with better judg-
ment. The English purchases were shipped
late in the autumn of 1873. Along with the
Campbell cattle went five Princesses, bought
for account of E. H. Cheney. The $35,000 10th
Duchess of Geneva produced in the hands of
Earl Bective the bull Duke of Underley (33745).
that became a sire of great renown. The Duch-
esses that remained in America failed to meet
the expectations of their buyers, and through
deaths and failures to breed the line became
extinct on this side the Atlantic within ten
years. That incestuous or long-continued close
breeding tends to impairment of vigor and in-
fertility does not admit of doubt. The Sheldon
Duchesses certainly had not proved, as a rule,
either fruitful or long-lived in Mr. Camiibell's
hands. That fact is shown by tiie compara-
tively small number of females in the herd at
the time of the dispersion. Six of the twelve
bought in ISC)!) and lS7n had disappeared be-
up and down tlio roail tliirin»r hiT tllsiross "to niako hor calvo .itay!" It Is
iilso rclati'd that oiio of Mr. Alexnndcr'H inirvh.ises was drl\-en to A. Ren-
lok'H by a colori'd liaiid on liorsi-back. to bo bnnl to tho Hh Diiko of G<Miova.
At Now York MIUh tho DuohoHn wovild havo rldilon and hor attomlant
walkiHl. Thl.s oow arrlvod ;it Uoiilok'a ovon-onio l\v tho heat, w:>9 iurne<1
out In paHttiro. mid a th\indor-8liowor at iil»rhl conuilottxl tho Job. Com.
niontlnK vipon thin Inridoiit and contrastlnir It with the iroatinont irlven to
bl8 petB at thotr York State homo Gibson rutu:>rka: "Tho uiirrer Uvod."

456 A HISTORY OF SHORT-HORN CATTLE.

fore the sale of 1873, leaving no offspring in
the herd. It has been commonly claimed that
tuberculosis was the cause of this and the sub-
sequent mortality and lack of fecundity, but it
has, perhaps, not been generally known that
every cow and calf at New York Mills had
contracted from the English importation of
1870 one of the most aggravating of all bovine
plagues, foot-and-mouth disease, which scourge
during the years 1867 and 1868 had so sorely
tried the courage of Mr. Booth and others in
Great Britain. The only two beasts upon the
farm that escaped attack were the bulls 4th
Duke of Geneva and Royal Briton. A frame
that had been used for shoeing oxen was pro-
cured from a blacksmith away in the woods of
Oneida County and each animal had its feet
dressed daily; even the cows that were heavy
in calf being subjected to this treatment.
Aside from the Hillhurst people, who were
going through the same ordeal, no one knew
at the time of this difficulty. Linseed-meal
gruel was provided, and as a result of care-
ful nursing no deaths occurred. Like la grippe
in the human subject, foot-and-mouth disease
in cattle is chiefly to be dreaded for its after
effects. It will be recalled that during one
season (probably 1870) after the disease had
been prevalent at Warlaby Mr. Booth raised
but one heifer calf. To this cause, therefore,

THE SENSATION OF SEVENTY-THREE. 457

Mr. Gibson attributes most of the troubles of
the New York Mills Duchesses after his con-
nection with the herd ceased.*

4th Duke of Geneva.— As the chief stock
bull in service at New York Mills this bull oc-
cupied a commanding position in the minds of
those who w^ere following the Bates colors.
Through the instrumentality of Ben F. Van-
meter of Clark Co., Ky., he was bought in the
spring of 1873 for the joint account of himself
and Abram Renick at $6,000. He weighed at
that time about 2,000 lbs. Mr. Wright, herds-
man for Mr. Alexander, had looked at him as a
yearling with a view toward securing him for
Woodburn. l)ut left him on account of his
showing at that time a defect behind the
shoulder. He improved in that respect, how-
ever, and is generally credited with having
proved a great success in Kentucky, to which

• The history of this herd reads like a romance. The fight against fate at
first, the importation of the Booths, the first purchase of half the Geneva
herd, the compulsory acquirement of the second and the final dispersion
were all the outcome of peculiar circumstances. The climax was a success,
but that success was not commanded by superior knowledge nor sjigaclty,
but simply caused by a fortuitous sequence of favorable events— all having
a bearing. Old Weehawken, the success as sires of American Duchess
bulls in England, tlio extinction of the pure Duchess line there, the con.
stant refusal to price one, England's competition In the 8.ile-rlng, and a
favorable time, all conspired to bring about the astounding rt-sult. Two
months latirwewere in the tlirocs of financial trouble. The gratnltous
.adviTtisiiig through controversy In England, and above all the tact and skill
of the auctioneer, were also import.mt factors.

"Are you satlsiied. Mr. Campbell, UH) head of cattle can be sold In an
afternoon? ■ asked the auctioneer after It was all over. •• I am aware It has
been done, sir, " rejoined Mr. Campbt>ll: and the auctioneer's f.n^ w.ts two
black-nosed Victori.is that wert^ not worth,v to bo put In the sale:— RfeAonl
Oibson in "Brreder's OiuftU."

458 A HISTORY OF SHORT-HORN CATTLE.

State he was taken May 1, 1873. He was let
to forty cows from other herds at a service fee
of $150 each within a year. Cows were turned
away during the following year after services
for twenty had been arranged at $250 each.
After the New York Mills sale Lord Skelmers-
dale (afterward Earl of Latham) visited Ken-
tucky and endeavored to buy the 4th Duke of
Geneva, but could get no price upon him, al-
though intimating that he was willing to give
$16,000.

English sales of 1873.— At Cheney's sale in
July thirty-five head averaged £294, 14th Lady
of Oxford makmg 905 guineas from Earl Bec-
tive. 12th Duchess of Geneva 935 guineas from
Sir Wilfred Lawson, 3d Duke of Gloster 820
guineas from Earl Bective, the Gwynne heifer
Geneva's Minstrel 600 guineas from J. P. Fos-
ter, and an American-bred Princess cow (Lady
Sale of Putney) 470 guineas from Earl Bective.
At Lord Penrhyn's sale in May forty-one head
averaged £210, the highest prices being 755
guineas for Cherry Duchess 14th to Earl Bec-
tive, 550 guineas for Waterloo 33d to Lord
Skelmersdale, 500 guineas for Waterloo 30th
to F. Leney, and 505 guineas for Cherry Duch-
ess 20th to C. A. Barnes. At the dispersion of
the famous herd of Col. Towneley forty head
averaged £l26, the top being 800 guineas for
6th Maid of Oxford.

14th duke of THORNDALE (28459) at 18 Months.

Sold for */-,Q0O.

_^I^Bt«

^

r

- ^^^^^

' v^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^

1

••*»^

M^m^

.•*^-

1^,

' .j-gR'-^'?.-;-* ,. • "■'^^

i^^^^^^V

^'wM

W^S

if

"JsA ' ^-'--i*- •

-

■V ^^'<*St-^^1fe. ^.•--

4th duke of geneva (30958) at Three Years.

i'st'd at SVt'VJ I'ork Mills and on Retiick Rose of Sharons.

CHAPTER XVI.

A GOLDEN AGE.

The Campbell sale fairly electrified the
breeding fraternity on both sides the Atlan-
tic, and although followed by a period of
financial distnri)ance, yet during the yeais
immediately succeeding an enormous business
was done in Short-horns at both public sale
and private treaty. The Central West still
busied itself with the fairs, and having the
requirements of the ring steadily in view af-
forded a strong market for show stock as well
as for animals of the prevailing fashionable
blood.*

Spring sales of 1874.— The great show herds
of the West now depended very laigely on Can-
adian impoitations for their heaviest "timber."
Stock of the high-styled, 'riuigy" type could

• Wrltliiff of tho Bltuatlon in the fall of 1873 John Tliornton said: • A
8lit:lil reaction In favor of not brooding from • pure" strains was noikHxabl<>
UiirluK the autumn. CIoho In ami-tn bncdiiiK- la doubtloss the methi^l
whereby niany of onr fltu-Ht animals are i>ro<luc-e<l. as It is also the cause of
delicacy and decay. The Judicious blending of sound tribes must naturally
result in the perfection of form and quality, lo which fair milkinp protier^
ties should also be aiUh-il. Tho coniblnailou of milk with the fecdinjr qual-
Ules and praceful beauty of the .<?hort-born has bt'cn the cause of Its sii-
rninacy, but if tho nillklnir proiH^riies are re<luced the Short-horn Is
trough! to a level with other breeds, and its \ :iluo coust^uentl^- deprt>-
clatwl."

(-159)

\

460 A HISTORY OF SHORT-HORN CATTLE.

no longer win. ]\rr. Cochrane had fitted out
Col. King with his famous herd, and other
champions had found their way into the
West from the Dominion. American breeders
w^ere frequent visitors in Canada in these days
in quest of show stock. It is related that a
Western buyer, w^hose ambition exceeded his
judgment, after examining the stock of Simon
Beattie and James 1. Davidson in quest of a
show cow, w^as advised to look at an animal
then in the hands of a neighbor, which he w^as
assured could be bought for $250. After start-
ing aw^ay the prospective buyer came back and
gravely asked Mr. Davidson if he thought the
cow in question w^as as good as Rosedale. "A
coo as gude as Rosedale for |250!" exclaimed
the old Scotchman in amazement. ''Weel,
mon, if that's a' ye ken aboot coos ye better
gang hame where ye came from." Those
Americans, however, who attended Simon
Beattie's sale in the early spring of 1874 were
of a different class. They did not expect to
get Rosedales at the price of common cows,
for it was here that George Murray of Racine,
Wis., bought the grand roan three-year-old
show heifer imp. Maid of Honor, of Game's
breeding, at $2,600, and the mixed-bred imp.
Lady Gunter at $2,000. C. C. Parks bought the
roan heifer Malmsey, also of Game breeding,
at $3,100. Gen. Sol. Meredith took Rose of Ra-

A GOLDEN AGE. 461

cine, a Bates-topped Rosabella by Bridegroom,
and her heifer calf at $3,420, and the grand
roan Ruberta, another Garne-bred cow, im-
ported by William Miller in 1869, at $1,275.
On April 8 at John Snell's sale at Edmonton,
Ont., Messrs. Day of Iowa paid $1,225 for the
Scotch-bred imp. Golden Drop 1st, then eight
years old, and $1,005 for the roan yearling
heifer Golden Circle. On the follo\Yiiig day at
Hugh Thompson's sale John Collard of Des
Moines, la., gave $1,015 for imp. Raspberry,
and J. R. Craig $1,000 for the two-year-old
Golden Drop 3d; the six-year-old Golden Drop
2d falling to Richard Gibson's bidding at $1,005.
About this date Mr. Rigdon Huston of Blan-
dinsville, 111., sold the Kentucky-bred Galatea
show bull Bourbon Star 11425 to M. W. Fall of
Eddyville, la., for $1,000. May 13 the Muirkirk
Herd of C. E. Coffin was sold by John R. Page
in Maryland, the highest price paid being $1,425
by Hon. T. J. Mcgibben for Muirkirk Gwynne.
Leslie Combs Jr. of Kentucky bought Water
Nymph at $1,200, and T. S. Cooper of Pennsyl-
vania paid $1.0G0 for Portulacca.

The Glen Flora sale at Waukegan on May 20
resulted in an average of $1)00 on tifty-live fe-
males. Col. Judy wielding the hammer. Imp.
Jubilee Gwynne was taken by Stephen Dunlap
at $2,500 and Melody Gwyuuo by C. F. Wads-
worth of New York at $1,000. For Melodv

462 A HISTORY OF SHORT-HORN CATTLE.

Grwynne 6tli Elliott & Kent of Iowa gave
11,600. The same firm bought Mazurka Duch-
ess 2d for $1,520 and for another Mazurka B.
B. Groom of Kentucky gave $1,350. Gen. C. E.
Lippincott purchased imp. Malmsley at $1,500
and Irene 11th at $1,000. Mr. Megibben took
Oxford Princess at $1,500 and 5th Miss Wiley
of Glen Flora at $1,250, and Emory Cobb gave
$1,425 for 4th Louan of Glen Flora. J. H.
Kissinger paid liberally for several cows of the
Louan family, $1,325 for one and $1,000 for an-
other. Rigdon Huston took 7th Louan of Glen
Flora at $1,500 and Avery & Murphy of Detroit
2d Louan at $1,825. John Niccolls of Bloom-
ington, 111., v\ras also a free buyer, paying up to
$1,825 for Victoria of Glen Flora. James W.
Wadsworth of New York secured Lydia Lan-
guish 2d at a bid of $1,000. For imp. Lady
Oxford H. Ludington of Milwaukee gave $2,350.
A feature of this big sale was the high average
of the Gwynnes, eight averaging $1,100 each.

Lyndale sale at Dexter Park. — Col. William
S. King made a memorable sale at Dexter Park,
Chicago, on the following day. May 21. But one
specimen of the popular Bates Duchess family
was included, and in view of this fact the prices
paid were considered at that time quite as ex-
traordinary as those made at the great sale at
New York Mills. A summary of the highest
prices and averages is appended:

A GOLDEN AGE. 4G3

2d Dnkc of Hillhurst 12893— Georpfe Robbins, London, Eng..*14,000
Lady Mary 7th (Princess) — Charles F. Wads worth, New

York 5,500

Lady Mary 8th— Charles F. Wads worth 5,500

Lyndale Wild Eyes— T. J. Megibben 5,000

Bell Duchess — James Wadsworth, New York 4,400

Peri 5th— James Wadsworth 4,000

Bell Duchess 3d— T. J. Megibben 3,300

Peri 4th— T. J. Megibben 3,0(X)

Lady Mary 5th— Gen. N. M. Curtis, New York 3,0(X)

3d Malvern Gwynne— T. J. Megibben 3,000

Miss Gwynne— A. W. Griswold, "Vermont 3,000

Baron Hubback 2d— C. A. DeGrafP, Minnesota 2.000

Peri 2d of Lyndale— Avery & Murphy, Michigan 2,500

True Blue (bull)— P. A. Coen, Illinois 2,240

Peri 3d— A. W. Griswold 2,100

Hubback's Garland— William Sodowsky, Illinois 2,100

Garland— T. J. Megibben 2,100

Bell Duchess 2d— B. B. Groom, Kentucky 2,100

Miss Leslie Napier— C. A. DeGraff 2.015

Miss Leslie— C. A. DeGraff 2.005

5th Lady Sale of Brattleboro- C. F. Wadsworth 2,000

Butterfly's Gift— Maj. S. E. Ward, Missouri 1,900

Gem of Lyndale— Maj. S. E. Ward 1,850

Star of Lyndale— S. E. Ward 1,850

2d Tuberose of Brattleboro — T. J. Megibben 1,800

Florence— D. M. Flynn, Iowa 1,700

Constance of Lyndale 2d — A. W. Griswold 1,675

Moselle 6th— A. W. Griswold 1.600

8th Lady Sale of Brattleboro— C. F. Wadsworth 1,600

Koan Princess- D. M. Flynn 1,600

Constance of Lj'udale 3d— John R. Craig, Canada l.('>00

Mazurka of Lyndale— S. Meredith & Son, Indiana 1,525

2d Lady Gwynne— T. J. Megibben 1.500

Oakwood Gwynne 2d— Gen. N. M. Curtis 1.500

Mazurka of Lyndale 8d— J. H. Kissinger, Missouri 1,475

Mayflower— E. L. Davison, Kentucky 1,4^^

Medora 14tb -John R. Craig 1,800

Scottish Lady— S. W. Jacobs. Iowa 1,275

June Flower— J. G. Coulter, Ohio 1,225

58 females sold for $101,615; an average of $1,753

21 bulls sold for 25, JC") ; an average of 1,2(W

T9 animals sold for 126,990; an average of 1,G2S

464 A HISTORY OF SHORT-HORN CATTLE.

The sale of 2d Duke of Hillhurst to the Eng-
lish bidder was not consummated on account
of delay in making settlement. It is included
in this report, however, for the reason that the
sum of $13,900 was bid in good faith for the
bull by Hon. John Wentworth of Chicago. Mr.
Wentworth had started the bidding at $12,000.
The contest from that point up to $13,000 was
betw^een "Long John" and the Englishman.
George Murray of Wisconsin then entered the
competition and carried the price to $13,800.
A bid of $13,900 w^as made by Mr. Wentworth,
which was raised by Robbins to $14,000. It
was stated that Robbins was bidding for joint
account of Lord Dunmore, Earl Bective and
Col. Gunter of England, and as the price was
the largest ever made up to that date for a bull
of any breed in any country the result was
greeted with hearty cheers. Robbins left for
Buffalo the evening of the sale for the alleged
purpose of drawing the funds, but on Saturday
telegraphed Col. King that he must go to New
York to complete his arrangements. Feeling
that he had given him reasonable time Col.
King wired in reply that he did not consider
himself bound to delay any longer, and that
the 2d Duke would return to Lyndale. Rob-
bins w^as a fraud pure and simple.

A noticeable feature of this sale was the
great price made by the Princesses and the

A GOLDEN AGE. 40.'>

comparative lack of appreciation of the Booth-
bred lots. Mr. De Graff resold Baron Hubback
2d after the sale to B. Sumner of Connecticut.

Other Western events. — At Cambridge City,
Ind., on the day following this exciting event
Gen. Meredith & Son sold fifty-three head at
an average of $454, the thirty-nine females
bringing $20,985, an average of S515. For imp.
Royal Duchess 2d Hon. T. C. Jones and G. J.
Hagerty of Ohio gave $2,000, and Avery &
Murphy took Joan of Arc at the same price.

J. H. Spears & Sons held a sale at Tallula,
111., on May 27, at which Gen. Lippincott paid
$5,800 for Cherub 2d and $1,600 for Duchess of
Sutherland 4th. Several Sanspareils — then a
new sort in the West — sold at high piices,
Messrs. James N. Brown's Sons of Berlin, 111.,
paying $2,250 for tw^o females of that family.
Gen. Meredith gave $1,000 for Mazurka 2nth
and J. II. Kissinger $1,025 for Rosettie 4th.
The thirty-four females sold averaged $030
and eleven bulls $950. About this date Mr. S.
F. Locki-idgp of Indiana bought the Booth-
crossed Scotch bull Lord Stratluillan from Mr,
John Miller of Canada for $2,500. J. II. Kis-
singer disposed of forty head at auction at an
avorago of $427.50, Mr. Pickrell paying $1,075
for Bride 15th. Messrs. J. II. Potts «t- Son
made lilieral |iiii( lias(>s upon this occasion.
\V. I\. Duncan's salt^ made an av(>i-agc of $525

30

466 A HISTORY OF SHORT-HORN CATTLE;

on twenty-six head, George Otley giving $1,500
for Rosamond lOtli, P. A. Coen $1,000 for Ma-
zurka 34th, Gen. Meredith $1,025 for Rosa-
mond 7th and J. H. Pickrell $1,500 for Lady
Bates. At Decatur, 111., April 28, Messrs. B. Z.
& T. M. Taylor disposed of thirteen females at
an average of $843, including six Louans that
averaged $1,399 each, Louan 6th of Poplar
Farm, by Aristocrat 7509,,bringing $2,110 from
E. W. Miller, Lula, III; Louan 4th, by Baron
Booth of Lancaster, $1,760 from John Niccolls
of Bloomington; Louan 5th (by Aristocrat)
$1,300 from Claude Matthews, and Louan 3d,
by 11th Duke of Airdrie, $1,100 from Emory
Cobb.

Kentucky summer sales.- -The Kentucky
auction sales of 1874 were largely attended
and made some big averages. At Hughes &
Richardson's eighty-eight head averaged $581.
Lady Bates 3d fetched $2,150, Geneva Gwynne
$1,675, Minna of Elkhill $1,905 and Loudon
Duchess 6th $1,775 — all to Kentucky buyers;
Candidate's Duchess 2d, $1,425, and Wilda,
$1,200, to Gen. Meredith; Louan of Elkhill,
$1,025, to Leslie Combs; Louan 5th of Elkhill,
$1,100, to J. H. Kissinger; Louan 4th of Elk-
hill, $1,100, to W. N. Offutt; Mazurka Belle 2d,
$1,000, and Lady Newham 10th, $1,050, to
Theodore Bates; Bertha, $1,640, to Bush &
Hampton. At E. L. Davison's Gen. Meredith

A. GOLDEN agp:. 467

paid $1,725 for Mazurkii :}Otli and Sl.ODO for
Urace 4th. Walter Handy gave $1,100 for
Louan of Waveland and J. R. Shelley of Illi-
nois $1,250 for Mazurka 37th. At Warnock &
Megibben's seventy-eight head averaged §457,
George M. Bedford giving $1,700 for Airdrie
Belle, Col. William E. Simms $1,800 for Rose
Jackson, Kirk & Cunningham of Ohio $1,550
for Cambridge Rose 3d, Ed Thomas $1,800 for
Miss Stonewall Jackson, Col. J. B. Taylor of
Canada $1,000 for Cambridge Rose 2d, John
Niccolls & Sons $1,525 for 3d Mazurka of
Woodlawn, Abner Strawn of Illinois $1.7o5 for
9th Duchess of Springwood and Mr. Megiblien
$2,475 for two females of same family, etc. At
this sale,, held July 28, Mr. George W. Rust,
editor of the National Lire-Sfock Journal, was
the victim of a murderous assault, narrowly
escaping assassination. The affair grew out of
charges made through that paper in 1873 in
relation to the pedigree of the famous Shrop-
shire show heifer Fanny Forrester.

Ben F. Van Meter sold thirty-four head for
$18,000, an average of $531). Abram Van
Meter's eighty-three head averaged $51)5. A
notable private sale in the fall of this year
was the transfer of four luMd by David Selsor
of Ohio to iMr. Keyes of Wisconsin for $4,000.
and tln-ee iiead from same herd to an Ohi<»
l)arty at $3,000.

468 A HISTORY OF SHORT-HORN CATTLE.

Closing events of 1874. — The great events
of the autamn of 1874 were the sales of E. G.
Bedford and B. B. Groom in Kentucky. At the
former seven head of Loudon Duchesses sold
for $24,650, an average of $3,521, four being
bought by Kentuckians— C. M. Clay, T. J. Me-
gibben and Ben F. Bedford — and three by Illi-
nois breeders, J. H. Spears taking two at
$2,250 and $2,000 respectively and Col. Robert
Holloway one at $2,700. The highest-priced
one was the $6,000 Loudon Duchess 9th, that
was bid off by B. F. Bedford. At this same
sale S. F. Lockridge gave $1,700 for Cora 3d,
E. L. Davison paid $2,075 for Cannondale 2d,
E. K. Thomas $2,325 for Lady Bates 4th, two
Louans brought $2,225, the 21st Duke of Air-
drie $7,000 from J. H. Spears, Loudon Duke
19th $3,500 from W. R. Duncan and Loudon
Duke i5th $2,100 from S. Meredith & Son.
The thirty-five head averaged $1,672. At the
Groom sale 119 head sold for an average price
of $573, twenty-two head commanding prices
ranging from $1,000 up to $2,550, the top price
being paid by C. C. Childs of Independence,
Mo., for Bell Duchess 2d.
No less than 2,592 head of Short-horns
J passed through the sale-ring in America dur-
ing 1874, bringing $1,004,159, an average of
$387, the great year's business closing with
the private sale of the 2d Duke of Hillhurst

A GOLDEN AGE. 469

and of the 10th Duchess of Airdrie and six of
her descendants to Hon. M. H. Cochrane by
Col. William S. King and Mr. George Murray
at terms not made public but known to be
extraordinary. The transfer of the 7th Duke
of Oneida from A. W. Griswold to Mr. A. J.
Alexander of Woodburn Farm, Ky., for $10,000
has also to be noted at this time.

The public sales in England of the year 1S74
were sixty-eight, aggregating 2,165 head, at an
average of $323 each, a total sum of $702,556,
being 236 animals more than in 1873, and at an
increased price of $45 per head, yet lower by
$69 each than the American pu])lic-sale prices.
The exceptional sales in England were those of
Messrs.- Leney & Sons, of forty-one head, at an
average of $1,458; Duke of Devonshire, forty-
three head, $1,913; Earl Bective, fifty-five
head, $1,816; E. H. Cheney, twenty -seven
head, $2,095— all of Bates blood.

The sales of 1875.— There seemed no abate-
ment of public interest as the trade of 1875 was
inaugurated. As in the previous year, the in-
itiative was taken bv Canada. John R. Craiyr
made a sale of thirty-threo head at an average
of $548, Col. Robert Holioway of Illinois lead-
ing the bidding with $2,600 for Waterloo J
and $625 for the Scotch-bred Miss Ramsden
5tli. Wesley Warnock of Kentucky took IVri
Pink at $1,350 and W. E. Sininis of Kentucky

470 A HISTORY OF SHORT-HORN CATTLE.

bought Mystery at $1,175. Ware & McGood-
win of Kentucky secured Campaspie 3d tor
$1,000. A still better sale was that of Wil-
liam Miller's, where thirty-five animals com-
manded an average of $583. Col. Holloway
was a liberal buyer upon this occasion also, se-
curing Princess of Atha for $725, Wave Duch-
ess at $660 and the Kinellar-bred Golden Drop
2d at $775. Still Bates blood was on top,
Ware & McGoodwin paymg $3,360 for Fennel
Duchess 7th and $1,200 for Fennel Duchess of
Lancaster. B. B. Groom took the Craggs 7th
Duchess of Win field at $805 and Warnock the
Bell-Bates Duchess of Springwood at $1,225.
Birrell & Johnston of Canada also sold some
good cattle in this series, including two Scotch
Golden Drops that fetched $850 and $550 re-
spectively from local buyers. That a lively
trade at full figures was to characterize the
year in the Central West was foreshadowed by
the spring sales as well as by the private trans-
fers. Mr. Pickrell received $1,000 early in the
year for the young bull Breastplate Louanjo,
by the famous Breastplate out of a Lou an cow
by imp. Baron Booth of Lancaster, the buyer
being B. Vantress of Maiden, 111. In Virginia
George W. Palmer sold a Craggs cow to A. M.
Bowman at $1,700. Vol. IV of the Kentucky
Short-horn Record was announced as ready for
delivery at $8, a price quite on a parity with

A GOLDEN AGE. 471

prevailing values for cattle. In March Wil-
liam Stewart of Illinois held a successful sale,
at which Mr. K. H. Austin of Sycamore, 111.,
gave $1,900 for 1st Duchess Louan and $1,500
for 2d Lady of Racine. N. P. Clarke of St.
('loud, Minn., entered the lists here, taking
among other lots Caroline 6th at $810. Dur-
ing this same month Col. Hollow^ay journeyed
to Mr. Cochrane's and bought the 4th Duke of
Hillhurst for $7,000, and Messrs. (i rimes and
Montgomery of Ohio sold the 3d Duke of
Oneida to Ware & McGroodwin of Kentucky
for $12,000.

Glen Flora dispersion. — The closing out of
the Glen Flora Herd of Mr. C. C. Parks at Wau-
kegan, 111., in April drew out a great attend-
ance from far and near and resulted in an
average of $012 on 122 head of cattle. The
best prices of the day were as follows: $2,500
for Peri of Fairview from Mr. Megil)ben;
$2,000 for Oxford Bloom 4th from same Iniyer:
$2,000 for Bright Eyes Duchess 2d from (ieoi-ge
Otley; $1,800 for 6th Duchess Louan fn.iii N. I'.
Clarke and $1,600 from same buyer for Peri's
Duchess: $1,500 for the l)ull Baron Bates 8d
1UW2 from George Otley: $l,;')25 for Victoria of
Glen Flora from Mr. Megibl)on: $1.2<K) for 2d
Bose of Biicine from II. F. Brown of ^linue-
apolis: $1,225 for Oxford (iwynne 5th from
William .Miller, Atha, Out.: $1,850 for Princess

472 A HISTORY OF SHORT-HORN CATTLE.

of Oxford 7th from N. P. Clarke; $1,550 for
Atlantic Clwynne 2d from George Grimes of
Ohio; $1,200 for Princess Gwynne and a like
sum for Oxford Bloom from J. R. Shelley of
Illinois; $1,200 for Jubilee Gwynne 2d from
Mr. Grimes, etc. Large purchases were made
by Hon. William M. Smith, Lexington, 111.,
Albert Crane, Durham Park, Kan., and many
others afterward prominent in the trade.

Kissinger's sale. — This important sale was
followed by another from the herd of J. H.
Kissinger of Missouri, who received an average
of $606 for forty-one head. It was here that
Ed lies gave $2,200 for the bull Kissinger s
Breastplate 17476, sired by old Breastplate out
of imj). Primula by Falstaff (21720). The same
buyer also took Mazurka of Lin wood at $1,600.
George Otley increased his investment in high-
priced stock by paying $1,180 for 3d Louan of
Linwood and $1,650 for Orphan Gwynne. Al-
bert Crane bought Miss Wiley of Linwood at
$1,200 and J. H. Spears & Son gave $1,000 for
Illustrious 3d.

Elliott & Kent. — This Iowa firm had ])een
liberal buyers of cattle for several years and
this spring placed sixty-one head on the mar-
ket that averaged $559. The sensational event
of this sale was the purchase of the Princess
cow 4th Tuberose of Brattleboro by Col. Rob-
ert Hollo way at $3,500 and the high price

A GOLDEN AGE. 473

brought by other specimens of that famous
old family. W. E. Simms of Paris, Ky.,
paid $1,810 for 2d Red Rose of Brattleboro.
George Grimes of Ohio gave $1,550 for 13th
Lady Sale of Brattleboro and $1,150 for 39th
Lady Sale of Putney. J. R. Shelley took 37tli
Lady Sale of Putney at $1,050. All these were
primarily descended from the Stephenson Prin-
cess tribe, from whence Mr. Bates obtained Bel-
vedere. At this sale A. Ludlow of Monroe,
Wis., bought Mazurka Duchess 2d at $1,700
and Albert Crane took Louan 5th of Elm Grove
at $1,400.

Spears and the Nelly Blys. — J. H. Spears &
Son made a memorable sale this spring, which
had for its most interesting feature great prices
for a family of cows built up in their herd from
a descendant of the roan cow Lady Elizabeth
(by Emperor), brought out from England in
1839 by the Fayette Co. (Ky.) Importing Co.
and sold at their sale for SGOO. These Nelly
Blys, as they are still called, were tine show
cattle, as well as capital breeders, and at this
sale nine head of cows and heifers belonging to
it sold for $11.:550, an nverage of S\:2(\{. The
top price for these was $1,S25, paid by Mrs.
Kimberly of West Liberty, la., for Nelly Bly
4tli. Most of thtin were daughters of Gen.
(J rant 4825. Still higher ])rices were made,
however, by a paii- of Loudon Huchesses, the

474 A HISTORY OF SHORT-HORN CATTLE.

13th and 17th of the line, the former, by 5th
Duke of Geneva, going to S. W. Jacobs of West
Liberty, la., at $3,200, and the latter, by 21st
Duke of Airdrie, to E. K. Thomas of North
Middletown, Ky., at $2,750. Mr. E. C. Lewis
paid $1,600 for Magenta 2d, by Gen. Grant, and
J. R. Conover, Petersburg, 111., took her dam,
the McMillan-bred Magenta, by Plantagenet,
at $1,325. James N. Brown's Sons of Grove
Park, Sangamon Co., 111., paid $1,995 for High-
land Lady 2d, by Royal Oakland 9034, tracing
to imp. Western Lady, by the celebrated Grand
Turk (12969). This cow's heifer by Col. Towne-
ley 13691 went to Mr. Conover at $1,750. C. W.
Goff of Monmouth, 111., bought 14th Louan of
Woodlawn, a daughter of the Woodburn-bred
Laudable 5890, at $1,650. Duchess of York 9th,
a Canadian-bred roan, fetched $1,000 from Al-
bert Crane. The imported cow Lady High-
thorn was bought by Mr. Conover at $1,000.
The Cruickshank cow Violet's Forth, then in
her ninth year and belonging to a family of
cattle practically unknown at that time in the
West, went to Mrs. Kimberly at $1,000. The
21st Duke of Airdrie was purchased by Gen.
Lippincott at $10,500. The forty head sold
brought an average of $1,163.

Pickrell's great sale. — J. H. Pickrell's sale
of twenty-three head at Decatur, 111., April 27,
1875, at an average of $1,265 stands next to

A GOLDEN AGE. 470

Col. King's Dexter Park average of lb74 as the
highest ever made in the Western States. The
celebrated show bull Breastplate 11431, for
which Mr. Pickrell had paid ^S6.000, was bought
by Mrs. Kimberly for $G,100. This bull was a
red, bred by Hon. M. H. Cochrane from Star of
the Ptealm 9150 out of Bright Lady by Lord
Blithe (22126). He was largely of Booth blood
and at the shows of 1872 and 1873 had won
over $1,000 in cash prizes. Some fine speci-
mens of the Bedford Bride family and choice
show things of the Louan sort brought "four
figures." A. E. Kimberly paid $2,850 for the
red cow Lady Bride, by imp. Baron Booth of
Lancaster out of Bride 15th by Airdrie 2478.
E. W. Miller, Raymond, HI., took the splendid
roan Baron Booth of Lancaster heifer Louan
Hill 5th, then three years old, at $2,000. Wil-
liam and W. Pickrell bought Louan Hill 4th, a
four-year-old roan, also by Baron Booth of Lan-
caster, at $1,925, and resold her to Col. Robert
Holloway for $2,225. Louan Hill 3d, a re<l-
roan five-year-old daughter of Sweepstakes
6230, went to L. B. Wing of Bement, 111., at
$1,225. Another Baron Booth of Lancaster
lieifer, Caroline Cochrane (<»ut of au 11th Duke
of Airdrie cow tracing to iuii). Caroline by Ar-
row), was bought l)y ,1. H. Kissinger it Co. for
SI. 800. The red-roan two-year-old heifer Jubi-
lee Napier fell to the bidding of A. K. Kiuibcrlv

0^ ^

47() A HISTORY OF SHORT-HORN CATTLE.

at $1,600. She was by imp. Gen. Napier (26239),
the Booth bull that Messrs. Parks sold to Col.
Stephen Dunlap in 1873 for $5,000 and bought
back in 1874 at same price. The Caroline, by
Dashwood, heifer Detura, another daughter of
Baron Booth of Lancaster, was secured by J.
R. Shelley at $1,100. The imported Booth cow
Amelia, bred by Messrs. Budding, was pur-
chased b}^ Thomas Windle, Lincoln, 111., at
$1,025. Her yearling bull Royal Baron 18238,
by Baron Booth of Lancaster, was taken by
William and W. Pickrell at $1,000.

At a combination sale held at Bloomington,
111., in April Mr. C. M. Niccolls sold Princessa
2d, a red of Abi-am Van Meter's breeding, sired
by Airdrie Duke 5306 out of a Princess dam, to
J. V. Grigsby of Winchester, Ky., for $2,000,
the same buyer taking Mazurka of Lyndale 4th
at $1,825. At the same sale E. L. Davison of
Kentucky paid $1,450 for Oxford Gwynne.

Jacobs' sale at West Liberty. — At West
Liberty, la., April 14, 1875, occurred the sale
of Mr. S. W. Jacobs, the first ever held at that
point. Eighty-three cattle averaged 1614, and
the attendance was estimated at 1,500. This
was one of the memorable events of the period.
The Lady Sale Princess cow Maude, by Earl of
Grass Hill 8071, w^as bid off at the extraordi-
nary price of $7,200, and her yearling heifer by
Col. Wood 13692— Princess Maude— at $2,800.

A GOLDEN AGE. 477

Mrs. Kimberly gave $2,025 for the fine show
heifer 3d Gem of Eryholme, bred by Messrs.
Parks and sired by imp. Gen. Napier. D. M.
Flynn took the Vellum heifer Lady King at
$2,025 and the massive 1,800-lb. Cruickshank
Secret cow imp. Sylvia, by Champion of Eng-
land— the great cow of the sale — at $2,500. J.
W. Handley of Mount Vernon, la., bought For-
est Queen (of McMillan's breeding and sired by
Plantagenet 6031) at $1,050, and George Chase
bid off the McMillan cow Louan of Slausondale
at $1,100. M. Bunker, Tipton, la., purchased
the "crack" Kissinger show cow Bettie Stewai-t
(running to imp. Daisy by Wild) at $1,425, and
Mrs. Kimberly bought imp. Royal Booth (of
Game breeding and out of Malmsey) for
$1,075, Scottish Lady, by Col. King's imp.
Scotsman, at $1,425, the noted Kissinger Caro-
line (by Dash wood) show cow Russie Pierce at
$1,500 and Fannie Pierce of same family at
$1,100. C. S. Barclay took the roan show-
heifer British Baron's Gem, by imp. British
Baron, at $1,000. This was a grand lot of cat-
tle. ]\lany of the cows weighed from 1,600 to
1,800 lbs. and were neat as well as large. As
illustrating the character of the demand for
Short-horns at this time Mr. C. S. Barclay tells
us that the evening after this sale he sold
nearly $2,(>()0 worth of cattle, some of which
were bought by the light of a lantern! The

478 A HISTORY OF SHORT-HORN CATTLE.

fact is that the only way a man could keep a
COW in those days was to refuse to j)rice her.
West Liberty became a great Short-horn breed-
ing center, a distinction which it has ever since
held.

Milton Briggs of Kellogg, la., sold on the day
following the West Liberty sale 122 head at an
average of $308. This sale was remarkable for
the large number sold and the uniformity of
values maintained. But two animals passed
the $1,000 mark, one, Anna Clark, at $1,075, to
S. Corbin, Paris, Ky., and the other, Jubilee of
Spotwood, at $1,025, to W. M. Blair, Inland, la.

Dexter Park auctions. — In May a notable
series of sales occurred at Dexter Park, Chi-
cago. On the 19th some long prices were again
made by the Princess family, the occasion being
the sale of L. W. Towne of Clarence, Mo. These
were descendants of the Lady Sale branch of
the tribe, coming through Highland Maid, one
of whose daughters brought $7,200 at the Ja-
cobs sale already mentioned. Col. William E.
Simms of Kentucky was the heaviest buyer,
taking the three-year-old Highland Maid 7th
at $3,600, Highland Maid 5th at $1,900 and
Highland Maid 4th at $1,125. For Highland
Maid 8th Robert Otley gave $1,600. At this
same sale Col. Simmes paid $1,600 for Lady
Hester 3d and $1,025 for Lady Hester, both
Lady Sale Princesses. On May 20 J. P. San-

A GOLDEN AGE.

born of Port Huron, Mich., received $2,000 for
the Craggs cow Duchess of Huron, )jy 22d Duke
of Airdrie, from John R. Craig of Edmonton,
Can., and $1,500 from same buyer for her dam,
2d Duchess of Springwood, then ten years old.
T. Hickman of Ashkind, Mo., gave $1,025 for
the Ohio Rose of Sharon Crystal Queen 5th. A
few Scotch-bred cattle were included in this
sale and met with fair appreciation, the im-
ported cow Wastell's Jenny Lind 7th, by Lord
of the Isles, falling to Mr. Heckman's bidding
at $800.

The Avery & Murphy sale. — On May 21
Avery & Murphy of Port Huron followed with
a sale of seventy-five head averaging $C70.
The yearling Bates-topped Peri heifer Peri 2d
of Lyndale, of Col. King s breeding and sired
by the $14,000 bull 2d Duke of Hillhurst, was
taken by S. W. Jacobs of Iowa at $4,000. The
18th Duke of Airdrie cow Miss Wiley 4th was
bought by Col. Simmes of Kentucky for S2.()75,
and the roan Miss AViley 25th, by 10th Duke of
Thorndale, by same buyer at $1,825. The 2d
Louan of Glen Flora at $2,850; the Ohio Rose
of Sharon cow Rose of P^airliolme 4th (of Judge
.lones' breeding) at $1,275, and the imported
Kinellar-bred Scotch cow Wastell's Golden
Drop 4th at $1,100, all fell to the persistent
bidding of Col. Robert llolloway. The \hor-
deenshire cattle were not well known in tlie

480 A HISTORY OF SHORT-HORN CATTLE.

West at this time, but their merit was begin-
ning to win them many friends, and at this
sale Mrs. E. Byrani of Abingdon, 111., bought
the Cruickshank cow Michigan Casket, by Sen-
ator (27441) out of Cactus by Champion of Eng-
land, at SI, 725; the mixed-bred imp. Michigan
Daisy and Welcome at $1,000 and $1,025 re-
spectively. For the fine imported show cow
Joan of Arc, of mixed English breeding, Albert
Crane paid $1,000. The 23d Duke of Airdrie
was sold at this sale to J. P. Sanborn for $9,600.
On the 22d day of May at same place J. R.
Shelly sold the Princess cow 37th Lady Sale
of Putney to E. L. Davison of Kentucky for
$1,600, and Princess 3d to D. Eicliholtz of
Shannon, 111., for $1,150. Also Mazurka Duch-
ess 3d to Campbell & Chase of West Lib-
erty, la., for $1,550, and the roan Victoria cow
Venus to J. P. Sanborn, Port Huron, Mich., for
$1,000.

Long Prices at Meredith's. — On May 28 at
Cambridge City, Ind., S. Meredith & Son made
a great sale of fifty-three head, averaging $829.
It was here that the famous Woodb urn -bred
cow Mazurka 36th, by Star of the Realm 11021
out of Mazurka 31st by 12th Duke of Airdrie,
brought $4,005, the buyer l^eing J. C. Jenkins
of Petersburg, Ky. Mazurka of Lyndale, by
17th Duke of Airdrie, and her heifer calf Oak-
laud Mazurka, by 2d Duke of Hillhurst. were

A GOLDEN AGE. 48]

taken for George Fox of Cheshire, Eng.. at
$3,100 and $2,500 respectively. The Rose of
vSharon cow Grace 4th, bred by Mr. William
Warfield and sired by Muscatoon 7057 out of
Grace by Airdrie 2478, at $3,000, and the roan
yearling heifer Craggs Duchess of Cambridge,
by 22d Duke of Airdrie, at $2,400, went to John
R. Craig of Canada. The red Victoria cow Va-
leria, bred by George Murray and sired by 17th
Duke of Airdrie, was taken by R. H. Prewitt of
Kentucky at $1,800. Duchess Cadenza, a Cy-
press cow by 10th Duke of Thorndale, and her
yearling heifer brought $3,150 from Benjamin
Sumner of Woodstock, Conn. The Young Mary
cow Miss Washington 3d, by the great Ken-
tucky breeding bull Airdrie Duke 5306, and
her heifer calf Lady Geneva, by 4th Duke of
Geneva, were taken by James Mix, Kankakee,
III, at $2,150. The imported cow 2d Lady, of
F. H. Fawkes' breeding, w^ent to Eld lies at
$1,250. For the show cow Maggie Stone (by
Airdrie Duke 5306 out of a ^largaret, by Snow-
ball, dam) Hon. Pliny Nichols of West Liberty,
la., gave $1,0(10. Rigdon Huston of Blandins-
ville, 111., bought the show bull imp. British
Baron 13557, of Col. Towneley's breeding, then
five years old, for $*J75. The Messrs. Meredith
sold privately, after the conclusion of the sale,
the Bates-bred 5th Duchess of Spriugwood to
Mr. Craitr for $2,000.

482 A HISTORY OF SHORT-HORN CATTLE.

Airdrie Duchesses at $18,000 each.— Mr.

Fox, the English buyer of the Mazurkas at
this sale, bought privately from Mr. A. J.
Alexander that excellent bull 24th Duke of
Airdrie for $12,000, and the 20th Duchess of
Airdrie at $18,000 for exportation, and from
Gen. N. M. Curtis of Ogdensburg and James W.
Wadsworth of same j)lace a number of Prin-
cesses. About this same time Mr. Alexander
sold to E. IT. Cheney of England the 16th
Duchess of Airdrie for $1 7.000.

At a sale from the herd of Mr. Cochrane, lield
in June, 1875, at Toronto, Airdrie Duchess r)th
was bought by Avery & Mni-phy for $18,000,
and the 5th Duke of Hill hurst by Mark S.
Cockrill of Tennessee for $8,300. 4th Louan of
Slausondale was taken by B. B. Groom at
$2,850. Messrs. Beattie & Miller sold sonle cat-
tle at high prices at same time, receiving $3,000
for Princess of Oxford 4tb, a like sum for Prin-
cess Maud. $2,200 for Princess of Raby, $2,700
for Surmise Duchess 5th, $2,400 for Surmise
Duchess 10th, $3,100 for Duches#. of Raby,
$4,600 for Kirklevington Princess 2d, $4,025
for Kirklevington Duchess 8th, and $2,300 for
Careless 8th — thirty-four females averaging
$1,226 each.

Another important transaction in the spring
of 1875 was the purchase by Avery & Murphy
of the entire high-priced herd of Col. L. G.

A GOLDEN AGE. 483

Morris including five of his purchases at New
xorl? Mills.

Big sales in the Blue Grass.-The Kentucky
summer sales of 1875 were well attended, and
Kenick, Vanmeter and Bates blood commanded
great prK^es. At Ben F. Vanmeter's twenty

of *2,217 C. D. Chenault of Richmond, Kv
taking Julia's Rose at $3,900. and H P Thom-
son of Kentuck,v 2d Cambridge Ladv at SO 050

iS ^'.'1 '"'''" ''°"^'" f"'' Earl Bective at
*^,000. At same sale fourteen Red Roses
(i^oung Marys) averaged $417, Messrs. Groom
paying the top. |2,350. for Red Rose Ilth At
n ^; /^""'""gl'am's the Grooms paid $4,150 for
Duchess of Sharon, and Me.ssrs. Meredith SI 6flO
tor Ro.se of Wicken. At J. G. Kinuaird-.s H
bumner of Connecticut gave $2,050 for Oneida
Rose, Messrs. Meredith $2,050 for Minna of Elk
Hill and Kniory Cobb $l.fi0«. for Mazurka 25tb.
At Wilban, howry's J. W. Dean of Winchester
Ky., gave $o.:«0 f„, Valeria. At Walter Ha,,:

CI este,-hel,l „ S.S..500. M,-. Megibben gave $3.15.1
foi Pe,i ot Cl,tt„„ and B. S,„„„er S-i.O^.-i f,,,-
Grace Sharon. At \\-,,slcy Warnock-s S-^ (575
was pai, by I F. Pierce of Kenti.ckv for Cam-
bridge IW 3d. $o.o.V1 l.v.Tohn R. Crai..of Can-
ada tor l)„che,ss of Springwood. and h.Cm bv
J. H. bpears i: Sons for Mi..s Wihn of \ inc«c.od

484 A HISTORY OF SHORT-HORN CATTLE.

At J. C. Jenkins' sale Mrs. Jesse Long of Iowa
gave $2425 for Mazurka 36th, George M. Bed-
ford $2,500 for 4th Louan of Oakland and $2,000
for Louan of Prospect Farm, E, K. Thomas
$2,055 for Blooming Heath 2d, and J. H. Spears
took Mazurka 33d at $1,650. Mr. Jenkins' fif-
teen head averaged $1,274.

Pushing the Princesses. — While the cham-
pions of this fine old sort did not score as
dazzling a success during this speculative era
as might have been anticipated in view of
Belvedere's brilliant career and the conceded
dual-purpose capacity of the tribe, still they
enlisted the support of several daring spirits
prominent in the trade during these halcyon
days of Short-horn prosperity.

The American-bred Princesses were all de-
scended from the three imported cows, Red
Rose 2d, Lady Sale 2d and Tuberose 2d. Those
tracing to Red Rose 2d were unquestionably
the best. Wherever they were fairly treated
and intelligently bred they displayed fine sub-
stance, thick flesh and scale, as well as dairy
propensity. The Princesses had been largely
in the hands of dairymen in the New England
States, and were treated as dairy stock, de-
veloping milking qualities of the highest order.
The Tuberose branch manifested a tendency to
present dark noses; a point which has never
met with the favor of the fraternity of Short-

A GOLDEN AGE. 485

horn breeders. Prominent among those inter-
ested m the Princesses in the East about this
time may be mentioned Messrs. A W Gris-
wold, a New York lawyer who had a farm in
Vermont that was in charge of J. 0. Sheldon's
old herdsman, Mr. Williams, one of the best
men of his profession England has ever given
to this country; D. S. Pratt, a clothing mer-
chant at Brattleboro, Vt., who was in the busi-
ness purely as a speculation and not because of
any .special love for the cattle; the Messrs
Winslow of Putney, Vt., who were practical
tarmers and dairymen; the Messrs. Wadsworth
of Geneseo, N. Y.; A. B. Conger. Haverstraw.
U T ' 1 ^\H^^^''^^"' ^^orley, X. Y.; Col. John

f n ?"' ■■ ^'''''^^''' ^''^■' ^"^ ^'^'^''^'-^ Gibson
ot Canada who bought and exported a number
ot cattle of this tribe to England. These were
reinforced by Col. William S. King of Minne-
sota, Col. W. E. Sininis of Paris, Ky • B B

1875 Ml. C. F. Wadsworth, after conferring
with leading owners of Princesses throughoin
the country, issued a small volume entitled - \
Record of Pnncess Short-liorns in America/-

■r tho ..loBPKt. etiiflonfa of nrdlr-ooi nf hi„ 7 \L •^»"'"«l--»8t au«l it..-
t>«^ whllo ,„ .ommnn.1 of ,l,..t mlilta^y disiJicl " ''"■■'"' """" "^ '^'^^-

486 A HISTORY OF SHORT-HORN CATTLE.

which, it was expected, would assist in build-
ing up a Princess aristocracy by separating the
pedigrees of cattle of that tribe from the great
mass of records carried by the Short-horn Herd
Book. As might have been anticipated, how-
ever, and as was predicted by some of the level
heads in the Princess camp, this attempt at
"exclusiveness" was resented by the breeders
at large. While long prices were established
for a time the manipulations of speculators
failed to attain for any extended period their
cherished object. In common with other tribes
that were at this time largel}' at the mercy of
those who were handling Shoi-t-horns for spec-
ulative purposes only — and often with violent
disregard of correct principles and practice—
the Princesses suffered more or less deteriora-
tion; the blame for which, as in the case of the
Bates tribes, rested upon the folly of reckless
men rather than upon the hapless cattle that
were made the subject of egregious blundering.
In August, 1875, Almon W. Griswold sold in
the historic Duchess ring at New York Mills
five Princesses for $18,100, an average of
$3,620 each, the top being $5.G00 for Lady
Mary 2d to Richard Gibson for Col. King. The
laird of Lyndale also obtained Lady Mary at
$4,000 and Avery & Murphy got Lady Mary 9th
at $2,200 and 6th Lady Sale of Brattleboi'o at
$3,300. Several Gwynnes — near kin to the

A GOLDEN AGE. 487

Princesses — also sold well, Gibson paying
$3,000 for one and $l,lj()0 for another. These
traced to Tanqueray's Minerva 4th, imported
hy Mon-is & Becar. At this same sale 7th Lord
of Oxford 17586 fetched $3,700 and Avery 6c
Murphy paid $3,000 for Peri 3d. The thirty-
three animals disposed of brought $56,000, an
average of $1,097.

As a matter of fact the Gwynnes of this pe-
riod ranked with the best Short-horns of their
time. Indeed for many years, while the old
Princess soi-t and their cousins the Elviras and
'•Js" were still in comparative obscurity, under
the skillful management of careful handlers in
Cumberland and the North the Gwynnes were
making Short-horn history. Their intrinsic
merit and solid worth, their grand flesh and
scale, their finish and dairy quality gained for
the Gwynnes the plaudits of the entire coun-
try-side e\ en in the very heart of the old Short-
horn country. As one after another of these
handsome specimens of the breed made their
appearance in the English show-yards and sale-
rings their name became a bye-word, s3'nony-
mous with symmetry and persistent quality.
"The Gwynnes can't be downed," an expres-
sion often heard in those days across the At-
lantic, meant that no matter what cross or
alien blood was resorted to the (hvynne char-
acter seemed to assert itself. Kichard (nbsun.

488 A HISTORY OF SHORT-HORN CATTLE.

appreciating fully their position abroad, be-
came an ardent supporter of the tribe on this
side, and many breeders subsequently profited
largely by the presence of Gwynne cows and
heifers in their pastures. The late Simon Beat-
tie offered Gibson $4,000 for one specimen of
the family to be exported to England.

At H. P. Thomson's sale of 1875 in Ken-
tucky six Princesses were disposed of at a val-
uation of $15,725, an average of $2,620. D. L.
Hughes of Iowa took two, paying $4,100 for
Lady Sale 29th and $1,700 for 2d Tuberose of
Grass Hill D. S. Pratt of Vermont acquired
Lady Sale 29th on a bid of $4,000. Avery &
Murphy paid $2,500 for Lady Sale 31st. S. W.
Jacobs of Iowa bought Lady Sale 36th at
$1,800 and John Collard of the same State be-
came the owner of 6th Tuberose of Brattleboro
at $1,625- At this sale Emory Cobb of Dlinois
took Constance of Putney 4th at $1,950 and E.
Stedman of Massachusetts bought Blush of
Glen Flora at $2,750. The $1,000 mark was
passed sixteen times during the sale, the
ninety-six head sold fetching a total of
$53,070, an average of $553.

The Trans-Mississippi trade. — The summer
of 1875 was a season of sore trial and tribu-
lation to the farmers beyond the Missouri
River on account of the ravages of grasshop-
pers. Feed was in short supply in the newer

A

A GOLDEN AGE. 4Sli

West, so when Mr. J. G. Qowan of Missouri
the owner of the |3,0(XJ show and breeding
bu 1 Loudon Duke 0th 10399, arranged for a
public sale, to include that distinguished ani-
mal. It was decided to offer the stock at Ot-
tumwa, fa. The event occurred Aug ]H and
with the exception of the fine Youu- Mary
cow Grrace Youug 3d everything was laken by
Iowa and Missouri breeders, the thirty-siv head
commanding $1 9,340, an average of $037 Lou-
don Duke 6th was bid off by E. GilIist<Hi.^i
i\ Ound City, Mo., at $1,950; 8. W. Jacobs gave
*1, 000 for Loudon's Minna; D. A. Kouner of
Newark Mo^, $1,000 for Red Daisy of Fairview
.>tii and J. G. Strawn of Illinois a like sun, f„r
tlie Mary cow above mentioned

111 September, 1875, D. M. *Flynn of Des
Moines made an average of $699 on ei-liteen
head^ D. L. Hughes of Vinton had opposition
ou Koan Princess up to $3.5(»0 and 8 W.
Jacobs had to carry the Scotch-bred Minnie's
Annaudale 2d to $2,000. For Ladv King the
sa.ne buyer paid $1.50(1. Dr. Ge<.rge Sprague
of Des Moines sold nineteen h.ad in connec-

i^Io^'l^f^n^'-'" ^'''^^ "i-le an average of
f>'^^. vod Daisy of Fairview 4;h. that the
><»<-tnr had bought at the (V>wan sale for .^710
iHl here to D. L. Uw^hos biddin- at $i".-m(/
hov ()akw„od Miss Wiley John Collard paid

490 A HISTORY OF SHORT-HORN CATTLE..

$1,100. 2cl Duke's Gem went to A. W. Thom-
son of Kentucky at $1,200.

At John Collard's sale the red six-year-old
Scotch-bred imported cow Raspberry, by
Prince of Worcester, was taken by William
Hastie, Somerset, la., at $1,200. For Lady
Dahlia the same price was given by J. D
Brown of Omaha.

$3,500 for a Scotch heifer. — Shortly before
this Mrs. A. E. Kimberley of West Liberty, la.
had broken the record for Scotch-bred cattle
by paying J. H. Kissinger $3,500 for the cele
brated Cruickshank show heifer imp. Orange
Blossom 18th.

Short-horns were enjoying a great "boom"
west of the Mississippi. Mention has been
made of some of the more notable purchases
of Mr. Albert Crane of Durham Park, Kan., at
auction sales. About this time he bought some
Booth-bred cattle from Mr. Coffin of Maryland,
and from F. W. Belden, Kaneville, 111., he se-
cured for stock purposes the Booth-bred Hec-
uba bull Lord of the Lake at $1,000. He man-
ifested his interest in Bates blood, however, by
purchasing privately about this same date from
Mr. Alexander of Woodburn the white bull Lord
Bates 3d, by 24th Duke of Airdrie, at $1,000.

Groom importations and sale. — One of the
"plungers" who became active in the trade
about this period was Mr. B. B. Groom of

A GOLDEN AGE. 491

Vinewood Farm, near Winchester, Clark Co.,
Ky. In April, 1875, the firm of 13. B. (iroom &
Son imported from England thirty-one head of
Bates-bred cattle, belonging mainly to families
originated by the Messrs. Bell; included in tlie
shipment being the roan 8th Maid of Oxford,
of Sheldon's breeding, that had been exported
to England some years previous. In July of
the same year Messrs. Groom imported 7th
Maid of Oxford and her bull calf and the roan
bull 8th Duke of Geneva (28390), both of Shel-
don's breeding. These had been bought at
Leuey's sale at $10,000 for the Duke and $8,325
f(3r the Oxford cow and calf. On Oct. 14 li
number of these imported cattle, together witli
a selection of American-bred stock, was offered
at public sale, and the event drew out a great
attendance from all parts of the United States.
The prices paid and the wide distribution of
the aninnils indicate the remarkable character
of the demand at this time for Short-horns
carrying the Bates blood. We append hero-
witli a siiuinijiry as to the leading lots, together
with the general averages:

22d Duchess of Airdrie— J. H. Spears & Sons, Ulinois *17.5(X)

Kirklcviupton Duchoss ISth — John R. Craijr, Canada S.l.SO

Briphtuess -Benjamin Sumner, Connecticut 6.IO1)

Hiphland Maid «th— J. C. Tyler. Vermont 5,(15(1

Duchess of Claronco— J. H. Spears & Sons 4.UX>

Kirklevinpton Lady 6th— Avery & Murphy, Michijran S.WQ

8d Duchess of Clarence -J. II. Speai-s & Sons S.IT.^

Wild Eyes Rose— W. N. (^tTutt. K.Mitucky 8.(160

Kirklevintrton Lady 3d--J. V. C^ripsby, Kentucky . 8,f»00

492 A HISTORY OF SHORT-HORN CATTLE.

Princess of Vinewood 1st — D. L. Hughes, Iowa 3,000

Georgia Hillliurst ."^d— Avery & Murphy 2,800

Duchess of Kingscote — J. V. Grigsby 2,550

Kirklevington Lady 4th — Avery & Murphy 2,550

Fennel Duchess of Knightley Hall — T. J. Megibben, Ken-
tucky 2,500

2d Lady Bates of Vinewood— E. S. Bussing, New York 2,000

Kirklevington Lady 5th — Henry Corbin, Kentucky 2,00C

Annette of Knightley Hall — John CoUard, Iowa 2,000

Wild Flower Duchess— N. G. Pond, Connecticut 1,900

Duchess of Knightley Hall— John Collard 1.850

Highland Maid 7th— D. L. Hughes 1,700

Wild Eyes of Horton Park— W. N. Offutt, Kentucky 1,700

Lady Sale 10th— D. L. Hughes 1,600

Princess of Vinewood 2d — J. V. Grigsby 1,550

3d Lady Bates of Vinewood — E. S. Bussing, New York 1,500

Rosa Bonheur 8th — Avery & Murphy 1 ,400

Ruby Duchess— John R. Craig 1 .225

Bright Eyes 9th— T. Stedman & Son, Massachusetts 1,175

Duenna Duchess 7th— J. H. Spears & Sons 1,125

SLyictoria 11th— J. G. Cowan, Missouri 1,050

Duenna Duchess 6th— B. Sumner & Co., Connecticut 1,050

Jubilee Oxford 4th— J. V. Grigsby 1,000

Sanspareil 10th— J. H. Spears & Sons 1,000

Oxford Geneva— D. L. Hughes, Iowa 5,000

2d Compton Lord Wild Eyes— John Collard, Iowa 2,500

3d Duke of Under-Edge- John Collard 2,100

2d Duke of Under-Edge— Hon. William M. Smith, Illinois. . 1,650

1st Duke of Under-Edge — Mrs. Jesse Long, Iowa 1,050

64 females sold for $109,445; an average of 11,710

9 bulls sold for 14,015 ; an average of 1,557

73 animals sold for 123,460; an average of 1,691

Other important transactions. — At H. D.

Ayres' sale Mr. Groom bought Hilpa Duchess
at $2,500; at W. L. Sudduth's a pair of Miss
Washiiigtons (Young Marys) fetched $2,000; at
John W. Prewitt's B. F. Vanmeter gave $1,000
for a Gentle Annie Phyllis, and at B. P. Goff's
Mr. J. H. Pickrell took Bright Lady of the

A GOLDEN AGE. 493

Realm at $4,000. This Jiooth heifer was out of
Bright Lady, the dam of Breastplate.

At Wesley VVarnock's seventy-three females
sold for $29,510, an average of $404. L. F. Pierce
of Maysville giving $2,675 for Cambridge Rose
3d, John R. Craig of Canada $2,250 for Dnchess
of Springwood, and J. H. Spears & Son $1,G00
for Miss Wiley of Vinewood. At J. C. Jenkins'
sale fifteen head brought the great average of
$1,274, ]\lrs. Jesse Long of Iowa going to $2,125
for Mazurka 36th; George M. Bedford bid $2.5()(j
for 4th Louan of Oakland and $2,000 for Louan
of Prospect Farm ; E. K. Thomas followed Bloom-
ing Heath 2d to $2,055. and J. H. Spears went
to $1,650 on Mazurka 3od.

Mr. Warfield sold to John Comstock of Li-
diana the bull calf Loudon Duke 12th, by imp.
Robert Napier, at $1,500. Gen. Meredith &
& Son bought 3d Mazurka at $2,00(1. Julia 3d at
$1,000 and Martha Muscatoon at $1,000 from
C. M. Niccolls. Bloomington. 111.

All records broken at Dunmore. — On
Wednesday, Aug. 25, 1875, the greatest aver-
age ever made at an auction sale of cattle in
the world was obtained by Lord Dunmore at a
draft sale held on the Karl's estate near Stir-
ling, Scotland, upon whicli occasion thirty-
nine head brought the enormous total of
$149,331*), :iii avei-age of S3.S29 on the entire
lot. It was here also that the greatest price

494 A HISTORY OF SHORT-HORN CATTLE.

ever obtained for a Imll of any breed was paid,
to- wit.: 4,500 gs., which reduced to American
gold at that date was the equivalent of $26,904,
the bull being Duke of Connaught (33604) of
the Bates Duchess tribe.

It is of special interest to American breeders
to note that the best price made at this sale by
a female was by a representative of the Renick
Rose of Sharon family, and that the sire of
Duke of Connaught was the American-bred
Duke of Hillhurst (28401), that was bred by
Hon. M. H. Cochrane from the 14th Duke of
Thorndale (28459). Furthermore, the high-
priced Oxford females sold were the produce
of the 8th and 11th Maids of Oxford, bred in
New York and exported in 1871. In addition
to this the second highest-priced bull of the
sale — and the sire of a number of the most val-
uable heifers offered — w^as the American-bred
3d Duke of Hillhurst (30975), by 6th Duke of
Geneva (30959).

The case of Duke of Connaught is unique in
the annals of stock-breeding for the rca..* ;i that
he proved to be one of the most successf al sires
of high-class Short-horns ever used in Great
Britain, and so great was the demand for stock
of his get on account of their conceded excel-
lence that the buyer of the bull, Lord Fitzhar-
dinge of Berkeley Castle. Gloucestershire, re-
ceived in stud fees and for Connaught calves

A GOLDEN AGE. i%

an aggregate sum of money which more than
reimbursed him for his extraoi'dinary outlay at
Dunmore. This was indeed an outstanding
example of the fact that if one is certain ol
his premises in seeking to estimate the proba-
ble value of a stock bull it is difficult to place
any limit within reasonable bounds upon the
price to be paid.

This sale was conducted by Mr. John Thorn-
ton, whose maiden effort on the auction block
had been made at Rugby in 18GS, in the em-
ploy of the Rev. John Storer of Ilellidon.* A
list of the animals that brought $2,000 or up-
ward is presented below, the English values
being reduced to their current equivalent in
American gold:

cows AND HETTERS.

Red Rose of the Isles, red, calved March 9, 1870; bred by
Abram Renick, Kentucky; got by Airdrie 247S, dam
Duchess 3d by Dandy Duke— Lord Bective f 11 658

Marchioness of Oxford 3d, white, calved March 3, 1873; pot
by 2d Duke of Collinpham (23730 1 out of 8th Maid of Ox-
ford by 2d Duke of Geneva— Duke of Manchester 10.821

• The HclUdon sale was Indeed a rtxl-lettor day In Mr. Thornf on's career.
Storer was quite an authority on Short-horns at that time and actively
Identified with the fortunes of the Booths. In common with Messrs. Torr.
Ayhner, Booth and tholr friends Mr. Storer felt that Strafford, who was at
this daU> the presliilntr jrenlus at all the irreat Short-horn sales, w.-is too
active lu behalf of the breeders of Bates caitle. Thornton was In Straf-
ford's employ, and the Idea of enpourat'liiK' a paid h. Ijx-r to usurp the
throne of his employer was an unheard-of thlufr In En;--latul amotifr such
conservative men of means as were represented by the Kicltera of the
BoothH. Nevertheless the Booth men broiurht Thornton out at the HclU-
don sale, and. although It was nls first attempt with the a.ind (rl-'cs. he
Droved his fitness for the work by ke»n)lnir cool even under circumstances
calculated to excite an old hand.

490 A HISTORY OF SHORT-HORN CATTLE.

Red Rose of Balmoral, red, calved Nov. 14, 1873; got by 3d
Duke of Hillhurst (30975) out of the Rose of Sharon cow
Red Rose of Braemar by 11th Duke of Thorndale — Lord
Bective ■ $7,652

Oxford Duchess 2d, roan, calved June 20, 1872; got by 2d
Duke of Collingham (23780) out of 11th Lady of Oxford
by Baron of Oxford (23371)— Lord Fitzhardinge 5,978

Fuchsia 12th, roan, calved Feb. 15, 1872; got by Duke of Al-
bany (25931) out of Fuchsia 10th by Grand Duke of York
(24071)— T. Lister 5,380

Water Flower, red-and-white, calved Dec. 20, 1871 ; got by
6th Duke of Geneva (30959) out of Waterloo 38th by Earl
of Eglinton (23832)— T. Halford 3,706

Lady Worcester 5th, roan, calved March 30, 1869; got by 3d
Duke of Claro (23729) out of Lady Worcester 2d by
Charleston (21400)— A. H. Brassey 3,706

Blythesome Eyes, red, calved Dec. 22, 1874; got by 3d Duke
of Hillhurst (30975) out of Wild Eyes Duchess by 9th
Grand Duke (19879) —Lord Bective 3,617

Fuchsia 13th, roan, calved March 4th, 1872; got by Duke of
Albany (25931) out of Fuchsia 9th by Grand Duke of
York (24071)— J. W. Larking 3,886

Lady Worcester 12th, white, calved Nov. 15, 1872; got by
8th Duke of Geneva (28290) out of Lady Worcester 5th
by 3d Duke of Claro (23729)— Lord Bective 3,318

Lady Worcester 11th, white, calved Oct. 2, 1873 ; got by 3d
Duke of Clara (23729) out of Lady Worcester 3d by 3d
Duke of Wharfdale (21619)— Duke of Manchester 3,288

Lady Worcester 16th, roan, calved May 23, 1875; got by 3d

Duke of Hillhurst (30975)— Lord Bective 3,288

(Vater Lily, red, calved June 25, 1874; got by 3d Duke of

Hillhurst— T. Halford 3,108

Wild Eyes Duchess, red, calved Feb. 3, 1865; got by 9th

Grand Duke (19879)— T, Wilson 2,869

Wild Eyebright, roan, calved Sept. 10, 1872; got by 6th Duke

of Geneva (30959)— T. Wilson 2,720

Lady Worcester 13th, red-and-white, calved Jan. 28, 1874 ;

got by 3d Duke of Hillhurst (30975)— George Fox 2,690

Lady Worcester 9th, red-and-white, calved Aug. 19, 1871 ;

got by 3d Duke of Claro (23729) —Mr. Brogden 2,630

Hazel Eyes, roan, calved Nov. 30, 1874; got by 3d Duke of

Hillhurst (30975)— H. J. Sheldon 2,391

Lady Worcester 15tli, r'^d, calved Feb. 1, 1875; got by 3d

Duke of Hillhurst (30975) — R. Loder 2,152

A GOLDEN AGE. 407

Fuchsia 14th, roan, calved March 19, 1874; got by Duke of

Albany (25931)— Mr. Lister $2,152

Wild Rose, red-aud-white, calved Feb. 2, 1872; got by 6th

Duke of Geneva (80959)— Col. Kiagscote 2,092

Sparkling Eyes, red-and-white, calved Nov. 18, 1873; got by

6th Duke of Geneva (30959)— Lord Feversham 2,092

BULLS.

Duke of Connaught (33604), roan, calved Aug. 10, 1873; got
by Duke of Hillhurst (28401) out of Duchess 108th by 8th
Duke of York (284«0)— Started at $10,000 and sold to
Lord Fitzhardinge 26,904

8d Duke of Hillhurst (30975), red, calved Dec. 2, 1871; got
by ()th Duke of Geneva (30959) out of Duchess 101st by
4th Duke of Thorndale (17750)— Started at $5,000 and
sold to J. W. Larking 17,936

30 females sold for $98,457.28; aa average of $3,281.91

9 bulls sold for 50.878.73; an average of 5,653.19

39 animals sold for 149,236.01 ; an average of 3,829.13

Torr's Triumph. — While the Bates flag flut-
tered this defiance from its stronghold in the
North, the broad pennant of the Booths was
spread upon the autumn breeze from a moated
manor house in Lincolnshire, where, under the
guidance of the squire of Warlaby in person,
the challenge met with a re.spon.-^e that re-
verberated throughout the Short-horn cattle-
breeding world.

Torr of Aylesby was dead. Warlaby had
been passing through the fiery furnace of epi-
demic foot-and-mouth, and now leaned for sup-
port upon the great herd which the genius of
"the first farmer of England" had builded by
thirty years of unwavering devotion to Booth
bulls. "The woU-knit frame, the cheery sun-
at-noonday smile, tiie organizing head, the

32

498 A HISTORY OF SHORT-HORN CATTLE.

dauntless, warm heart whence welled unflag-
ging energy, determined perseverance, elo-
quent speech and endless hospitality" was to
be seen no more about the picturesque cot-
tages or among the fine old trees of Aylesby,
but the results of a long and useful life were in
striking evidence in those rich East Anglian
pastures. When it came to be known, there-
fore, that the herd was to pass at auction on
the 2d day of September, 1875, beneath the
shifting sands of Thornton's fateful glass,* the
very flower of England's Short-horn chivalry
assembled to do honor to the memory of one
of the most striking personalities British agri-
culture has developed. Indeed the fame of
Aylesb}', its Short-horns, its Leicesters, its
ponies and its well-kept fields had extended
to the four corners of the earth„ The story of
how the great tenant-farmer had begun by
leasing Leonard in 1844; of his persistent hir-
ing of Mr. Booth's best sires; of his recourse to
the Mantalinis of Barnes of Westland, Ireland,
while Warlaby was contending with disease;
of his creation of the Bright, Flower, the "G."'
the "M" and other famous Riby and Aylesby
families, was familiar to all the well-informed
cattle-breeders in Europe, America and Aus-

•The English auctioneer uses a sand-glass in closing' bids. After due
warning the glass Is held aloft and the sand allowed to run. The last bid
in before the npper chamber of the glass empties itself Into the bottom
secures the animal.

A GOLDEN AGE. 499

tralia. Hence it came to pass that when the
dispersion of the herd was announced visitors
fiom far and near gathered literally by the
thousand. Luncheon had been set for 1,500
guests, a great canvas accommodating 2,000
people was provided, and yet the crowds over-
flowed all Aylesby and vicinity. Great landed
proprietors and peers of the realm mingled
with eminent breeders, all intent upon show-
ing their respect and love for the man who
had accomplished so much for his country's
good. Factors, herdsmen and agents mingled
with the throng, eagerly examining the cattle
and making notes on the various lots prepara-
tory to laying bids for alisent principals. It
was, in brief, a scene that has had few paral-
lels in agricultural history; and the disposition
of eighty-five head of Torr's own production
for the great sum of $243,144.57 must be re-
garded, all things considered, as the most re-
markable result ever yet worked out by an
individual breeder of Short-horns or any other
class of cattle.

Mr. Torr had once remarked, "It takes thirty
years to make a herd and bring it to one's no-
tion of perfection." Fortunately for himself
and for the breed he lived to exactly that limit
from the date when he first began his tinal
l)reediiig operations with Booth bulls as sires,
lie sought to produce animals combining snpe-

500 A HISTORY OF SHORT-HORN CATTLE.

rior quality, with faultless pedigree, uniformity
of character and 'iiaid, nay, iron constitu-
tions." He bred for oblique shoulders, great
fore ribs, strong loins, and heavy flesh possess-
ing mellowness without softness, and covered
with abundance of furr}^ hair; avoiding at all
times what is generally referred to as "loose
handling." To his sound judgment, his un-
equaled knowledge and experience, his un-
changeable determination to keep his best
"even when tempted by the golden hand of
fashion" may be attributed the fact that his
herd at the time of his death was called "the
best large herd in Britain."

Torr's favorite family was the Flower sort,
descended in the maternal line from Robert
Colling's Wildair; whose own brother, Phe-
nomenon (491) — the sire of Angelina, the dam
of Belvedere — was counted at Barmpton a bet-
ter bull than Comet. The Aylesby Flowers
traced to Wildair through the famous roan
Nonpareil, the highest-priced cow at Robert
Colling's sale of 1818— sold to Earl Spencer at
370 guineas. The tribe came into Mr. Torr's
hands in 1841 through Flora of Farnsfield, by
Rinaldo (4949), a bull of Booth blood. The
great cow Highland Flower (see sale list be-
low) was of this family. The five head sold
averaged $2,880.

The Ribys and Brights went back to Booth's

A GOLDEN AGE. 501

Anna, ])y Pilot, through Rose, a cow bought by
Whitaker at the Studley sale of 1S84. Kose
had two daughters, White Rose, by James
Chrisiys Bull, and Red Rose, by Scrip (2604).
The Brights came from the former and the
Ribys from the latter. Although several crosses
of extraneous blood intervened in the breeding
of these Aylesby Annas Ijetween the Whitaker
purchase of 1834 and the subsequent return to
Warlaby lines in the hands of Mr. Torr in 1851
the reuniting of the Booth currents proved a
happy stroke. Mr. T. C. Booth took advantage
of the Aylesby dispersion to rejuvenate the
herd at Warlaby by transferring the liest of
this sort to his own pastures. For Bright Em-
press he was forced to pay the record price of
$12,900 — the highest ever given for a cow of
any breed at auction up to that date in Great
Britain. The twenty-two Annas made the as-
tounding average of $4, ISO each.

x\Ir. Torr's "G" and "M" tribes— so called ^
from the fact that those were the initial letters
used respectively in the family nomenclature —
had a common origin in the herd of Mr. Rob-
son. The ancestral dam of the "Gs" was Gold-
en Beam, and of the "Ms" Moonbeam, both
b(Might al)()ut 1840 and sired liy Prince Comet
(l:U2). The stroiigly-brod Warlal^y ludls made
a great impression upon this sound old fcmnda-
tion, i)rodu('iii!4- many \Xi^)^\ Sliort-hnnis. Tho

4^

502 A HISTORY OF SHORT-HORN CATTLE.

"Beams" were reduced to but seven head at
the sale, but made an average of $1,530 each,
the "M" cow Mountain Vale fetching $2,500
from the Earl of Tankerville.

Although a devout believer in Booth blood
Torr had an eye for a good beast however bred.
He was impressed at the Bates dispersion sale
by the excellence of the Waterloos. Mr. Bates
had bred and sold to Rev. T. Cator Waterloo 3cl,
by Norfolk, from which Mr. Cator had Water
Witch, by 4th Duke of Northumberland (3649).
The last-named cow was bought by Mr. Torr in
1845, and from her a large and meritorious fam-
ily of Booth-topped Waterloos descended. In
the herd catalogue for 1868 no less than forty
cows and heifers were included. At the sale of
1875 twenty-one head brought an average of
$1,275 each.*

Several other families, including the Tellu-
rias — descended from a cow of that name bred
by Earl Spencer and sold to Col. Towneley —

•Mr. Torr regarded Bates' Duke of Northumberland (1940) as the "best
show bull" he ever saw. It is related that he once went to Kirklevlngton
to hire the 4th Duke of Northumberland, believing: him to be even a better
bull than the first Duke. An ag^reement as to price was made, but Mr.
Bates added the stipulation that the bull must not serve more than twenty-
five cows. Torr replied that he was willing- to pay the price askod, bn;
could not permit such a restriction upon his use. At that time he h;nl
about thirty cows and heifers. Bates repeated : 'I should not like him to
be put to more than twenty-five cows," where\ipon Mr. Torr dropped the
matter, saying: "Very well, Mr. Bates, you have g-ot your bull and 1 have
got my money." It is recorded that Mr. Torr had expressed, along with
many other of Mr. Bates" visitors that year, an admiration for his three
cows by Whitaker's Norfolk. These estimates did not meet with Mr.
Bat' 8" iipproval, and he finally soM two out of tie three, to-wit.: Blanche
ed and Waterloo 3d, as some alleged "to get rid of the eulogy."

A GOLDEN AGE. 50o

were included in the herd at the time of the
sale, but we have not space to supply details
concernin<,^ tliem.

The followiii^^ is a list of such animals only
as brought $ii,0(l() or ii[)ward at this extraordi-
nary sale. As in the case of the foregoing re-
port of the Dunmore sale, the English prices
are reduced to their equivalent in American
gold, which was at that date at a premium
which rendered the English guinea worth
$5.1)787 :

cows AND HEIFERS.

Bripht Empress, roan, calved .July 10. 1871; pot by Lord
Napier (26688) out of Bright Queen by Fitz-Clarence
(Hr)52)— Started at $r>,(M)0, sold to T. C. Bootb, Warlaby. 112,914

Brifiht Saxon, roan, calved Feb. 22, 1872: got by Royal
Prince (27384) out of Bright Spangle by Prince of War-
laby (1.5107)— T. C. Booth 8,997

Highland Flower, roan, calved Aup. 6, ISfiS; pot by Mountain
Cliicf (20.383) out of Clarence Flower by Fitz-Clarence
(14.').52)--Kev. T. Staniforth 8,968

Kiby Marchioness, roan, calved March 31, 1875; pot by
Knight of the Shire (26r),')2) ont of Riby Peeress by
Breastplate (193:37)— Mr. Crosby of Ireland 7,533

Briirht Marchioness, white, calved July 20, 1871; pot by
r..ord Napier (2568S) out of Bright Countess by Breast-
plate (19a37) — H. Chandos Pole-Gcll 7,084

Bri'.'ht Spangle, roan, calved March 8, 1866; pot by Prince
of Warlaby (l.M07i out of Bright Dew by British Prince
(14197)— T.C. Booth ' 6.307

Bright Baroness, roan, calved Aug. 21. 1870; pot by I^rd
Na|)icr (2t')(VS,S) out of Bright Cnuu.iss by Breastplate
(l'.t:!37)- Mr. Mitchell of Scotland 5.978

Bright Design, i-oan, calved Fob. 7, 1875. pot by Knight of
the Shire (2(>.'">.V2) out of Briglit Sp.uipic by Prince of
Warlaby (15107) -T. C. Booth 5,081

Heather Flower, roan, calved July 10,1871; got by Lor 1 .
Napier (2('><>88) out of Highlauil Flower by Mountain
Chief (30.^82)- Ucv, Mr. Staniforth 5.978

504 A HISTORY OP SHORT-HORN CATTLE.

Bright Dowager, red, little white, calved Nov. 12, 1873; got
by Duke of York (23804) out of Bright Queen by Fitz-
Clarence (14552)— B. St. John Ackers $4,812

Riby Pearl, white, calved Jan. 1, 1874 ; got by Knight of the
Shire (26552) out of Riby Peeress by Breastplate— Hugh
Aylmer 4,643

Bright Jewel, roan, calved Feb. 1, 1874; got by Knight of
the Shire (26552) out of Bright Spangle by Prince of
Warlaby (15107)— T. C. Booth 4,633

Flower of Germany, red, calved April 13, 1869; got by

Breastplate (19337)— T. H. Miller 4,543

Lowland Flower, roan, calved April 12, 1871 ; got by Manfred

(26801)— B. St. John Ackers 4,782

Foreign Queen, roan, calved March 7, 1873; got by Blink-
hoolie (23428) out of Foreign Empress by Fitz-Royal
(26167)— Mr. Crosby of Ireland 4.812

Bright Queen, red-and-white, calved July 19, 1864; got by
Fitz-Clarence (14552) out of Bright Princess— Lady
Pigot 4,484

Riby Empress, red, calved Nov. 4, 1872; got by Duke of

York (23804) -J. W. & E. Cruickshank, Scotland 4,484

Flower Alpine, red-and-white, calved Oct. 11, 1870; got by

Lord Napier (26688)— Mr. McCuUoch, Australia 4,244

Fair Saxon, red-and-white, calved March 11, 1869; got by

Breastplate (19337)— B. St. John Ackers 4,185

Flower of Holland, red, little white, calved Aug. 8, 1871 ;

got by Breastplate (19337)— Mr. Wardle 4,065

Riby Lassie, red, calved May 7, 1869; got by Blinkhoolie

(23428) out of Riby Countess— T. C. Booth 3,796

Riby Peeress, roan, calved Sept. 18, 1865 ; got by Breast-
plate (19337) out of Riby Queen— T. C. Booth 3,587

Bright Swede, roan, calved July 23, 1874; got by Lord Cain

(31630) out of Bright Saxon— Mr. Wilson 3,587

Flower of Belgium, roan, calved June 17, 1872 ; got by Royal

Prince (27394)— Mr. Phillips 3,587

Foreign Beauty, roan, calved Feb. 26, 1875 ; got by Knight

of the Shire (26552) —Hugh Aylmer 3,108

Warluck, red, calved Feb. 25, 1871; got by Lord Napier
(26688) out of a Waterloo dam— Mr. McCulloch, Aus-
tralia 3,108

Flower of the Rhine, roan, calved June 12, 1874; got by

Knight of the Shire (26552)— Sir William S. Maxwell. . . 3,049

A GOLDEN Af'.K. 505

Moantain Vale, red-and-whitc, calved Feb. 14. 1^*69; got by

Bliukhoolie (2:i42«)— Mr. Wilson $3,079

BULLS.

Riby Knipht, roan, calved April 14, 1874; got by Knight of
the Shire (20552; out of Hiby Lassie by Bliukhoolie
(23428) —J. Marshall of New Zealand 4,1S5

Fandango, roan, calved July 6, l^)72; got by Royal Prince
(27384) out of Flower of Germany by Breastplate (19337)
—Sir William S. Maxwell 4,185

Balmoral, roan, calved Feb. 17, 1S75; got by Knight of the
Shire (20.''k)2) out of Bright Queen by Fitz-Clarence
(14552)— Rev. J. N. Micklethwaite 4,185

Lord Lamech, roan, calved Nov. 21, 1874; got by Knight of
the Shire (26.5.52) out of Lady Adah by Killerby Monk
(20053)— J. H. Pickrell, Harristown, 111., U. S. A 3,34S

72 females sold for $215.58.5.30; an average of $2,994.25

i:{ bulls sold for 27,558.27: an average of 2.11U.87

85 animals sold for 243,144.57; an average of 2,860.52

Additional importations. — Mr. .1. II. Pick-
rell, who was among the Americans present at
tlie Entrlish sales of 1S75. made two shipments
for account of himself an<l Mr. J. II. Kissinger
of Missouri. The fii-st, which came out from
London in August along with some Cl3<lesdale
horses, long-wooled and Soutlidown sheep and
I Berkshire itigs, included .some first-class heifei*s
I'rom tlu^ noted herd of Messrs. Ilosken of Corn-
wall, a pair of roan Booth heifers from Hugh
Aylmer of ^Vest Dereham Ahlicv. Norfolk, and
two Bates-bred yearlings from .1. W. Larking.
on(> a hull ,iiid tlu» other a heifer, and hoth
sired hyiiiand Oiike of (Jcneva (2S7r)()), The
stM'ond shipment w;is made fi"oni (ila»:gow in
8ei>tcmher and included Mi-. I'ickrell's pur-

506 A HISTORY OP SHORT-HORN CATTLE.

chases at the Toit sale, the $3,350 roan bull
Lord Lamech, the red-and-white bull calf
Flower Lad, the red "G" cow Germania, the
roan Waterloo heifer Waterloo Shield, by
Knight of the Shire (26552), and the red bull
calf 2d Marquis of Worcester of the Bates Wild
Eyes tribe from Dunmore at $900.

Messrs. Cochrane, Beattie and Hope of Can-
ada imported in October, 1875, twenty-five
head, mainly of Bates breeding; and on the
same steamer four females were shipped to S.
R. Streator of Cleveland, 0., and six for Albert
Crane, a Chicago capitalist owning the Durham
Park Ranch in Kansas. In November eleven
head were imported by Mr. Robert Ashburner
of California.

Coming events were already beginning to
cast portentous shadows before. Even while
speculation in stock of the Bates and Booth
tribes was at its very heighth shrewd and prac-
tical men were turning their attention to the
herds of Scotland, hitherto little known in
America. In 1874 Mr. Robert Milne, a former
neighbor and friend of Amos Cruickshank of
Aberdeenshire, had imported a half-dozen fe-
males and the bull Viscount 18507 from the
Cruickshank herd. Favorably impressed by
these Messrs. Lowman & Smith of Toulon, 111.,
imported during the summer of 1875 seven fe-
males from North Britain, including two

A GOLDEN AGE.

507

Cruickshank Butterflys and a Missie from the
herd of Mr. Marr of Uppermill; but of these
moro anon.

Another Renick exportation. — Prominent
l\!nglish dealers in cattle of the Bates blood
continued to set a high valuation upon Mr,
Renick's Rose of Sharons, and in August, 1875,
an additional shipment selected by Simon Beat-
tie, consisting of seven cows and heifers, was
made on an order from Earls Dun more and
Bective at a reported price of S2o,<.>00. The
Dunmore purchase consisted of the roan cow
Poppy 5th, by 13th Duke of Airdrie; Norah 7th,
by 4th Duke of Geneva, and Duchess 17th, by
same sire, which were in Enghmd christened
respectively Red Rose of Luskentyre, Red Rose
of Dalmally and Red Rose of Killigray. Lord
Bective took for his herd at Underley Hall
Rosebud 10th, Duchess l()th and Lenora 2d. all
by 4th Duke of Geneva, and Pojtpy 11th, by
Airdrie 3d. These were also given titles on the 'P-^'^'
other side, in the order mentioned, to corre- ^^^'^^
spond with the English Red Rose nomencla-
ture as follows: Red Rose of Tweeddale, Red
Rose of Annandale. Red Rose of Nithsdale and
Red liose of Eskdalr.

North Elkhorn (Ky.) importation. — On Get.
1(), 1875, a sale of seventy-nine head was made
by tlie North Elkhorn Go. in Kentucky, wliicli
resulted in an average of ;?l')5« \n'v luMtl. This

508 A HISTORY OF SHORT-HOEN CATTLE.

company had made an importation of more
than forty head from England in May, 1875;
the cattle being selected by Messrs. Richardson
& Boswell acting as agents for the company.
Some of the animals of this importation after-
ward acquired high rank as producers of first-
class stock. Bates blood predominated in the
shipment, but there was also included the good
cows Lady Seraphina 6th and Seraphina Caris-
'sima 3d of Lord Sudeley's breeding. There
was also a sprinkling of Knightley and Booth
blood. The imported cattle were sold along
with a lot of home-bred stock on date above
mentioned, top prices ranging as follows:

Seraphina 3d— W. H, Richardson, Kentucky $2,800

Pretty Miss Prim— George M. Bedford, Kentucky 2,400

Georgia Hillhurst— C. M. Clay, Kentucky 2,050

Acacia— E. G. Bedford, Kentucky 1,900

Georgia Clarence— E. L. Davison, Kentucky 1,900

Lady Seraphina 6th— John R. Craig, Canada 1,600

Surmise Duchess 9th— T. J. Megibben, Kentucky 1,575

hady Seaham of Roseneath— W. & W. Pickrell, Illinois 1,500

3runette 3d— J. W, Burgess, Kentucky 1,275

tPna- J. G. Kinnaird, Kentucky 1,225

Cateress — H. C. Hutchcraf t, Kentucky o 1,225

Duke of Wotton 2d— E. L. Davison, Kentucky 1,225

Bohemian Knightley— E. G. Bedford, Kentucky 1,050

Alpha— H. P. Thomson 1,050

Water Girl— W. L. Grimes, Kentucky 1,000

Azalea 2d— W. N. Offutt, Kentucky 1,000

Closing events of 1875. — In December, 1875,
the national convention was held at Toronto
under the Presidency of Mr. Pickrell. After
adjournment a combination sale from the herds

A GOLDEN AGE. 509

of J. R. Craig, Col. J. B. Taylor and Sumner &
Hilton was held, at which Mr. Cochrane paid
S4,000 for Kirklevingtou Duchess 18th. Ayres
& McClintock of Kentucky bought the 17th
Duke of Airdrie at $4,500, and Mr. Ayres took
(Irace Sharon at $2.1)00. Simon Beattie bid off
Duchess of Raby at $8,050, and S. R. Streator
took Grace 4th at $3,800. Princesses again
commanded good prices, quite a number sell-
ing at from $1,000 to $2,200. Mr. Cochrane
gave $2,400 for Careless 8th, and Groom &: Son
$8,700 for Oneida Rose. A pair of Constances
fetched $8,100, and the bull imp. Baron Hub-
Imck 2d went to M. W. Terrill at $2,500.

During the year 1875 115 public sales of ^
Short-horns were held in America, at which
4,347 head were sold for a total of $1,832,383,
an average of $422. During the same time
there were sold in Great Britain fifty-five lots,
aggregating 2,855 head, at an average of $515.
One of the cnaracteristic outgrowths of this re-
markable period of activity in the trade was
the appearance of Bailey's Short-horn Rcjwficr,
issued from the office of Mr. Allen, proprietor
of the American Herd Book. It was a quar-
terly, modeled on the general lines of John
Thointou's invaluable English S hurt-horn Cir-
culur.

CHAPTER XVII.

THE TURN OF THE TIDE.

On the surface there was still great appar-
ent enthusiasm on the basis of the extraordi-
nary range of values already established, but
the trade of 1876 developed indications that
the market was becoming "top heavy." As
is usual in the case of all such extensive
speculations there had been a great expansion
of credits. Notes given for cattle bought at
high prices were beginning to mature. Such
paper now became the subject of closer scru-
tiny at the hands of prudent bankers, and this
fact marked the beginning of the end of the
most astounding trade in pedigreed cattle to
be found in agricultural history. The decline
at first was neither sudden nor severe, and for
several seasons great prices were occasionally
obtained. In fact average values held up well
under heavy offerings, but nevertheless the
waters of speculation were now palpably re-
ceding. Space admonishes that we must deal
more briefly with the details of the transac-
tions attending the subsidence of the "boom,"
and we shall therefore in this chapter only

(510)

The Woodburn-Brkd 10th DUCHESS OF AIRDRIE

MV/o.s-,- ,i.-sr.;Hf,„ls so/,f /or s,n„s aggr.craling nearly * 300,000.

IMP. MAID or liONciK.

/.'/v./ hv T. (;.,r„,: „Hf.o,Uj iSrjt h- Ikf U,U Simon Bfoiti,.

THE TURN OF THE TIDE. 511

sketch the most noteworthy events during the
^reat "down turn" in values marked by the
period extending from 1876 to 1880.

Hon. George Brown and Bow Park. — In the
spring of 1876 the Hon. George liiown of Can-
ada, one of the most remarkaljle characters
ever identified with the Short-horn trade in
America, proceeded to Scotland (the land of
his birth) and through the assistance of his
brothers-in-law Messrs. William and Thomas
Nelson, of the great firm of Thomas Nelson &
Sons, organized a limited company under the
name of the Canada ^^'est Farm Stock Associa-
tion. While this enterprise was launched at a
most unfortunate time for the stockholdei*s,
and was . therefore foredoomed to ultimate
financial failure, its operations were so exten-
sive and were carried forward with such enter-
prise that a deep impression was made upon
the fortunes of the breed on this side of the
Atlantic.

Mr. Brown had come to Toronto from Edin-
burg as a young man and had worked himself
up througli the field of journalism and politics
into the very highest circles of power in the
Dominion. He had for many yeai*s bepu pro-
prietor of tho Toronto Glohr, a paper known
all over Canada as '*the Scotchman's l>ibh\''
Personally he was a man of marked force of
character, and his vigorous intellect, combined

512 A HISTORY OF SHORT-HORN CATTLE.

with a commanding physique, rendered him
one of the most conspicuous figures of his day.
Inflexible, as a rule, in his dealings with others,
and. a dictator in his editorial office, he failed
to control the political elements with which
he came in contact, but animated by an ambi-
tion to promote the material interests of his
adopted country, and having a natural taste
for agricultural pursuits he took up first at
Bothwell, a small town west of London, Ont.,
and latterly at Bow Park, Brantford, Ont., the
business of farming. Naturally a man of broad
ideas he developed at Bow Park the breeding
of Short-horn cattle upon a most extensive
basis. In June, 1874, an invoice showed that
he had then upon the farm 330 Skort-horns, of
which 274 were females and fifty-six bulls. At
that time his plan was to rear the cattle on
what is known as the ''soiling" system. The
Short-horns were never turned out to graze,
but had green food during the summer months
and dry fodder, along with beets and turnips,
during the winter.* In addition to being ex-
ceedingly expensive this system was, of course,

• WMle in attendance at some of the Kentucky sales Mr. Brown com-
mented in the most complimentary terms upon the excellence of the Ren-
icb. Rose of Sharons, his expression ordinarily being: " A grand lot of cat-
tle; but they ought to be! " A Kentuckian finally asked the Canadian visi-
tor what he meant by the latter part of his remark. He replied in
Yankee fashion by asking' the question: " How many acres in Mr. Renick's
farm?"' He was informed: "Mr. Renick's estate consists, sir, of about
2,500 acres of the best blue-grass land in Central Kentucky, sir." To which
Mr. Bro'wn rejoined : "I believe that great body of land carries only a herd
Of 100 cattle. We have had at Bow Park 360 head upon 900 acres."

THE TURN OF THE TIDE. Olo

unnatural. The herd at that time consisted
mainly of cattle of mixed breeding, good indi-
vidually, as a rule, but in the belief that some-
thing still better existed the enterprising
proprietor decided upon a change of base.
The Nelson alliance was perfected and the
original herd disposed of at low prices, but for
many years following its practical value was
reflected throughout the whole of Canada in
the steers produced upon the Dominion farms.

The Canada West Farm Stock Association,
with a capitalization of §400.000. made its ini-
tial importation ])y the Polynesian from Liver-
pool in June. LS76, which was followed in July
by two other shipments, aggregating in all
some seventy-five head of high-priced Bates-
bred cattle. It was the plan of the company
to import only animals of the finest individual
quality belonging to the most po])ular strains
of blood, and something like $200.(Hio was rep-
resented by its investments in cattle, horses,
sheep and pigs.

4th Duke of Clarence. — In the shipmf^nt
that came out from Livei'pool in July. 1.N70,
by the good ship Circassian was a long, lank,
undeveloped roan yearling bull. ])red by Col.
Onnter of Wotli(^i-by (J range and sir»Hl by iMh
Duke of Oxford (2r)r)Ur)) out of Duchess loOth
by 2d Duke of Claro (2157(>). Mr. Brown was
so little enamorod of this youngster upon bis

33

514 A HISTORY OF SHORT-HORN CATTLE.

arrival that his first idea was to return him to
England and have him resold. Fortunately for
himself and the Bow Park Short-horns better
counsel prevailed. It was pointed out that the
calf had been badly kept on a farm on the
Yorkshire "wolds" and had proved a poor
sailor on the Atlantic. He was accordingly re-
tained at Bow Park and lived to develop into
the crowning glory of that great Short-horn
breeding establishment ; known to Short-horn
fame for all time to come under the title of 4th
Duke of Clarence. He developed all of the best
points of Mr. Bates' old type, with few of the
defects shown by many of his carelessly-bred
relations. Maturing into a massive, mellow-
fleshed bull of beautiful quality, grand breed
character and commanding presence the 4th
Duke was the pride of his day and generation
among the adherents of Bates Short-horns in
the new world. Mated with the many good
cows and heifers imported and bought for the
Bow Park Herd, and under the skillful manage-
ment of the late John Hope — who took charge
of the herd in 1878 — he sired many valuable
cattle that gained high honors in the show-
yards of Canada and the United States, con-
spicuous among which may be mentioned the
celebrated white bullock Clarence Kirkleving-
ton, champion of the American Fat-Stock Show
of 1884. The 4th Duke proved not only a great

THE TURN OF THE TIDE. ol')

stock-getter but was also shown with success
at Cleveland (Ohio), Toronto and London in
1878 and 1879. He remained at the head of
the Bow Park Herd until his death, which oc-
curred in 1887.

Opening sales of 1876. — The sales this year
opened in Iowa, where a large number of cat-
tle were offered at West Liberty and Des Moines.
No sensational prices were made except at S.
W. Jacobs' sale, where 2d Peri of Lyndale was
bid off at $7,050 by D. S. Bussing of New York.
D. M. Flynn took Roan Princess at $3,900. Bus-
sing bought Lucy Napier at S2.475, and Minnie
Annandale 2d for $2,500. For Loudon's Minnie
D. Wilson of West Liberty gave $2,550. For
Nelly Bly 7th Rigdon Huston of Illinois puid
$1,975. The bull Oxford of Springwood fetched
$2,000 from John R. Owens of Illinois. Jacobs'
146 head brought $86,895, an average of $595.
C. S. Barclay sold eighty-eight head for S27.275,
and Campbell & Chase ninety-seven head for
$27,446.

In Illinois Davis Lownuin of Toulon held a
sale which was topped by the Cruickshank cow
Red Lady 3d, bought by W. A: \\'. IMckrell for
$1,200. A.,1, Dunlap paid Sl.dlO for theScotch-
l)red imi). Lovely 18th, and at the same sale
Wintield Scott, Wyoming, 111., bought Miss
Wiley of Gro(Mi Lawn for .^1.100. and J. H.
Spears paid §1,005 for the bull Sam Wiley

516 A HISTORY OF SHORT-HORN CATTLE.

12880. At A. J. Dunlap's sale Mr. Spears paid
$1,300 for Fanny Hunt 5th, and George Otley
of Neponset, 111., 11,060 for Sonsie Lass 2d.

Potts buys imp. Duke of Richmond. — At
Springfield, 111., on May 3 J. H. Kissinger sold
twenty-two cattle for $25,335, an average of
$1,152. D. A. Rouner of Newark, Mo., bid off
the bull 2d Marquis of Worcester at $3,000 and
the cow Knightley Belle at $2,275. J. H. Potts
& Son bought the Scotch-bred imp. Duke of
Richmond for $2,250, the cow Mattie Richard-
son at $1,805, and 2d Louan of Linwood at
$1,850. W. & W. Pickrell took Caroline Coch-
rane at $2,100. A. E. Kimberley of West Lib-
erty paid $2,700 for Loudon Duchess of Bedford.
Mr. J. H. Pickrell owned a half interest in the
cow last named, and at the same time and
place sold ten head of cattle at an average of
$862, including Countess of Cornwall at $2,050
to Col. Robert Holloway and Countess of Ox-
ford 4th at $1,500 to James N. Brown's Sons,
On the following day Messrs. Spears, lies, et al.,
sold at Springfield ; Harvey Sodow^sky paying
$1,600 for Airdi'ie Bloom, and Winslow Bros, of
Kankakee $1,025 for Prairie Blossom.

Col. Holloway's big average. — On May 25
Col. Robert Holloway sold sixty-three cattle
at Dexter Park, Chicago, for an average of
$1,087. The top price was $4,250, given by A.
J. Streeter of New Windsor, 111., for Rose of

THE TURN OF THK TIDE.

517

Sharon of Durham Lawn. The next was 13,925,
paid by F. J. Barbee of Kentucky for Loudon
Duchess loth. For the bull imp. Oxford Beau
2d the West Liberty breeders gave $8,800. For
1st Rose of Sharon of Durham Lawn John
Hope, then in business at Markham, Ont., gave
$3,200. For the Princess cow 4th Tuberose of
Bi-attlel)oro George Otley paid $3,025. For
Roan Duchess 7th of Bow Park Streeter gave
$3,250. For 11th Belle Duchess of Plumwood
William Thomson's Sons of Kentucky • paid
$3,050. Streeter also gave $2,750 foi- imp. Wa-
terloo J., $1,700 for Roan Duchess 7tli cf Au-
vergne, $1,250 for Lady Goodness and $1,425 for
the bull Grand Airdrie 19894. Mr. Pogue of
Kentucky gave $2,500 for Geneva Duchess of
Goodness.

On the following day W. B. Dodge sold at
Chicago; the highest price obtained l»eing
11,800 for the Princess cow 7th Lady Sale
of Brattleboro, bought l>y Bailey & Goodspeed
of Wisconsin. The same parties purchased
9th Lady Sale of Brattlel»oro at $1,500. S.
W. Jacobs of West Liberty took the fauious
Garne-l«'ed Murray cow imp. jMaid of Honor at
$1,525 and iinj). Nectar at $1,000. At a sale
from the luM-d of Nelson Joues m^xt day Pliny
Nichols of West Liberty gave $l,05(t for 2d Ked
Rose of Woodside. and P. A. Coen. Washburn.
III., paid $1,000 for Baron P.ates 4tli.

518 A HISTORY OF SHORT-HORN CATTLE.

At the Meredith sale at Cambridge City. lnd„
in June fifty-two head brought $20,555, the
most notable transaction of the day being the
purchase of 4th Mazurka of Chesterfield by
Walter Handy of Kentucky at $2,525. At Ste-
phen Dunlap's sale in Illinois Gen. C. E. Lip-
pincott gave $1,800 for imp. Jubilee Grwynne.

Albert Crane pays $23,600 for an Airdrie
Duchess. — At Cochrane, Beattie and Hope's
sale in Canada Albert Crane of Chicago, whose
purdiases of cattle for his 17,000-acre ranch at
Durham Park, Kan., have already been men-
tioned, came into the market for Duchesses,
and took Airdrie Duchesses 2d and 3d at $21,-
000 and $23,600 respectively. J. P. Foster of
England bought Wild Eyes Lassie at $4,500.
Col. Le G. B. Cannon, a wealthy Vermonter,
took Kirklevington Duchess 18th at $4,000.
Messrs. W. & W. Pickrell of Illinois bought tie
bull Baron Siddington at $2,200. The fifty-
four head averaged $1,709. About this same
date Avery & Murphy of Port Huron, Mich.,
purchased Airdrie Duchess 5th as a calf from
Mr. Cochrane for $18,000. At a sale by John
SnelFs Sons, held in Canada at same time, W.
Williams of Massachusetts gave $1,520 for
Lady Seraphina 6th, and N. G. Pond of Milford,
Conn.. $1,800. Hon. George Brown of Bow
Park sold at Toi'onto in this same series, re-
ceiving $1,500 from John R. Craig for 3d Duch-

THE TURN OF THE TIDE. 510

ess of Springwood, and $1,000 from S. W.
Jacobs of Iowa for Mazurka 10th. Messrs. A.
H. & I. B. Day sold at Keokuk, la., on June 15,
West Liberty Ijreeders proving the best buyers.
Messrs. Jacobs & Wilson bought the three
Scotch-l)red females imp. Golden Drop 1st,
Golden Drop A. and Golden Drop B. at $1,000,
$1,475 and $1,275 respectively. D. Wilson (Sc
Son also bought Louan of Van Buren at $1,200.
$17,900 for 14th Duke of Thorndale— At
the Kentucky summer sales of 1870 the highest
price ever made in America for a bull of any
breed was obtained for the 14th Duke of
Thorndale (28459). He was sold by George M.
Bedford and knocked off at $17,1)00 to Mr. W. C.
Vanmeter of Winchester, Ky., bidding for Levi
Goff of Paris, a son-in-law of Mr. Bedford's.
At this same sale A. L. Niccolls of Ottawa.
Kan., bought $18,000 worth of stock— twelve
head— including Lady Bates 6th at S6,000. the
l)ull Imperial Bates at $3,800. und the 20th
Duchess of Goodness at $2,100. The security
tendered on his notes, however, was not satis-
factory and the cattle remained at Mr. Bed-
ford's. Mr. Enibry of Richmond. Kv.. took
Airdrie Belle at $2,750, Airdrie Belle 8d at
$4,050, and Oneida Belle at $2.(K)0. At a sale
made by B. J. Clay, Hall & Taylor and B. F
Bedfoi-d eighty-one cattle sold for an average
of $400. Blown and Gregg of I'anada paitl

520 A HISTORY OF SHORT-HORN CATTLE.

$1,425 for Roan Duchess 12th, and il. C. Smith
of Kentucky $2,750 for Cambridge Rose 5th.
A pair of Valley Princesses brought $2,300 from
Corbin & Patterson. At Leslie Combs' sale
Hon. George Brown and Maj. Gregg paid $1,400
for Moss Rose 2d. At Walter Handy's Ware
& McGoodwin of Kentucky bought 4th Mazurka
of Chesterfield for $1,740. On Aug. 17 at Chil-
licothe, 0., George Grimes and others sold fifty-
three cattle for $17,680. At this sale John
Montgomery of Granville, 0., paid $1,000 each
for Oxford Gwynnes 2d and 6th and Rose of
Cashmere. J. S. Kirk of Washington C.-H.
gave the same for Elsie.

Closing events of 1876. — In the autumn of
this year Ware & McGoodwdn of Kentucky sold
the 3d Duke of Oneida at public sale for $6,800
to Ayres, Barton & Hutchcraft of same State.
At a sale by H. P. Thomson in Kentucky forty-
one head averaged $977. Quite a lot of Prin-
cesses were included and a determined effort
was made to secure long prices for them.
Winslow Bros, of Illinois took 4th Princess of
the Valley at $2,200; Col. J. B. Taylor of Canada
Princess of the Valley at $2,450; Hon. M. H.
Cochrane 2d Princess of the Valley at $2,500,
and CoL Simms of Kentucky Highland Maid
6th at $1,650. For the Bates-bred 2d Duchess
of Kirklevington F. J. Barbee gave $2,000 and
Belle Duchess was bid ofi by Joseph Julian of

THE TURN OF THE TIDE. 521

Bainbridge, N. Y., at $4,000. At Bush & Hamp-
ton's sale Abner Strawu of Illinois gave $2,050
for Geneva Rose. At J. V. Grigsby's no less
than thirteen head sold in the four figures; the
Hamiltons of Mount Sterling, Ky., took Sharon
Rose at $3,400; Col. Simms bought Geneva
Rose at $2,325. and W. C. Vanmeter several
high-i^riced lots. The $1,000 mark was also
passed several times at the sales of Robiuson,
Bean and the Hamiltons. In connection with
Ayres & McClintock's sale August Whitman
sold tw^o Princesses (Tu))ero8es) to T. L. Mc-
Keen of Easton, Pa., for $2,750.

During 1S76 there were sold at auction sale .
in America 4,014 animals for $1,36(3.>)U5, an av-
erage of $341.28. Of these 1.151 head were sold
in Illinois for $395,005, 1,011 head in Kentucky
for $373,830, 751 head in Iowa for .$232,475.
The general average was $41 below that for
1875. In Great Britain 2,802 head were sold
at auction for $728,270. an average of $260
each.

B. B. Groom & Son shipped six more Renick
Rose of Sharons this year to England, and also
sold the ()th Duke ot Kirklevington (30182) to
J. R. Shelley of Freeport. HI. for $5.(K.X>. An-
other event of general interest this season was
the removal of Messrs. A. M. Winslow's Sons
(Henry and Teleg). with thoir herd of Prin-
cesses, from Putnev. Vt.. to Kankakee. 111.

522 A HISTORY OP SHORT-HORN CATTLE.

Pickrell & Kissinger. — In the early spring
of 1877 Messrs. J. H. Pickrell and J. H. Kissin-
ger pooled their valuable Short-horn holdings,
one half, headed by imp. Flower Lad 23170
(Torr-Booth) and Baron Siddington (Bates),
being maintained at Clarksville, Mo., and the
other portion, with the imp. Lord Lamech
(34578), at Harristown, 111. We have already
detailed at some length Mr. Pickrell's promi-
nent identification with Western Short-horn
interests, and have made some allusion to Mr,
Kissinger's successful operations. Some fur-
ther facts in reference to the latter's connec-
tion Avith the trade will be of interest.

Mr. Kissinger was born in Pike Co., Mo., in
1840 from Kentucky parentage. Reared on a
farm and possessed of great natural love for
agricultural pursuits, he developed a deep in-
terest in Short-horns and in 1867 made his first
appearance in Western show-yards. At the
Illinois State Fair of that year he exhibited a
grade Shoi't-horn steer four years old weighing
2,400 lbs., to which a first prize was awarded.
The bullock was afterward sold to J. H. Spears
for $300. It was here that Mr. Kissinger made
his first purchases, buying the cows Dove 3d
(A. H. B„ Vol. VIII, p, 316) and Beauty (Vol.
VIII, p. 257); the latter proving a grand show
animal, beaten at St. Louis in 1871 only by Col.
King's renowned imp. Rosedale. Kissinger's

THE TUllN OF THE TIDE. 523

next purchase was at J. H. Spears' sale in 1868
where he bought the cow Iva Jones (Vol. XV,
1). (;08) and her bull calf Duke of Airdrie 98(X),
which stood at the head of his herd for four
years and proved a successful show bull as well
as a sire of prize-winners. The next addition
to his herd consisted of four females from Mr.
i^ickrell's, bought in 1S61). Amoii^^ these was
Caroline Airdrie (Vol. IX, p. 511)), which was
sold in 1871 to Thomas S. Page of California
for $1,800. From 1870 to 1872 he made numer-
ous [)urchases of females in Kentucky, and in
June, 1878, made his first sale at Linwood
Farm, his residence in Pike Co., Mo., when fifty )C
lioiid Itrought an average of $400. In 1874 he
piii'chased largely from the best Kentucky
herds, securing Kissinger's Breasti)late 17476 at
six months old at $1,250. His next imrcha-se
was the yearling Cruickshank heifer imp. Or-
ange Blossom iSth for $2,500. which he kept
for one year and sold to Mrs. Kimberly of West
Li l)erty for $8,500 He also bought the after-
ward celei)rat(Ml Scotch-bred l)nll imp. Duke of
Uichmond. sul)sei(uently so famous in the herd
of Messrs. Potts. Mr. Kissinger was one of the
lirst to recognize the great merit of th«^ Abcr-
dceushirr Short-iiorns on this side of thr waiter.
Indeed imp. Ihiki^of Kichmond laid the foun-
dation for th(Mr later popularity in this coun-
try. In 1S75 he l>ought a car-load of Crnick-

524 A HISTORY OF SHORT-HORN CATTLE.

shank-bred cattle from James I. Davidson of
Canada. At the great Western fairs that year
his herd, headed by imp. Duke of Richmond,
and including the cows Mattie Richardson,
Caroline Cochrane, Caroline Pickrell, 2d Louan
of Linwood, and Pretty Jemima 2d, won first
prize at Jacksonville, 111.; Hannibal, Mo.; the
Illinois and Iowa State Fairs, at St. Louis and
Louisiana, Mo, The cattle were then sold at
auction, as already detailed. The famous show
herd of J. H. Potts & Son was largely founded
from this stock.

Messrs. Pickrell & Kissinger were for years
ruling spirits at our Western shows. During a
period of twelve years, running from 1867 to
1879, cattle shown in their names won, in com-
petition with the best herds of the United
States and Canada, prizes aggregating $40,000.
Their aim was ever individual merit in the an-
imal and the promotion of the best interests of
the breed. Lavish in their expenditures for
high-class Short-horns, enterprising and per-
sistent in their efforts at demonstrating the
excellence of the breed in the great show-
yards of the West, it is but simple justice to
record that no men ever connected with the
American Short-horn trade have done more to
set up correct standards and further the sub-
stantial interests of Short-horns on this side of
the Atlantic.

THE TURN OF THE TIDE. 520

Spring sales of 1877. — The opening sales of
1877 were disappoiiiting, Ijut at John Bond's
at Abingdon, HI., the Scotch-bred imp. Missie
3yth, of Marr's Ijreeding; brought $1,040 from
J. McClellan of Astoria, 111., and imp. Butterfly
45th, from Sittyton, fetched $1,000 from Geoi-ge
( 'base of West Lil)erty, la. At S. W. Jacobs'
sale at West Liberty A. Shropshire of Monroe,
la., gave $1,000 for the Cruickshank heifer Vil-
lage Girl and $1,550 for Lucy Xapier. C. Mc-
Cune of Solon, la., paid $1,460 for the Bates
cow imp. Acomb Belle, $1,200 for the Scotch-
bred imp. Golden Drop 2d. 81.000 for Golden
Diop A., and $1,120 for imp. Maid of Honor,
taking also the Bates bull imp. L^nderley Wild
Eyes at $700. A cross of this bull upon the
Golden Drops produced the liranch of this
line Kinellar family that afterward l)ecame
so celebrated in the herd of Col. W. A. Harris
at Linwood, Kan. At a sale by Abner Strawn
at Dexter Park, Chicago, May 8 Trimlde cV
llenshaw of Plattsburg, Mo., gave $2,425 for
iieneva Rose, and William E. Simms of Ken-
tucky $1,500 for Grace JM. During the same
series C. A. Do GrafP of Minnesota paid S8.0<X)
for Peri's Du('h(\><s. and William SlatcM* of Mass-
achusetts $1,500 f<)r7tli Lady Sale of Brattlo-
boro— })oth sold by Bailey »t (Joodspeed of Wis-
consin. At Ijippincott t"c S]>ears' sale at tlie
same place Gen. Tiippincott bid off the 22d

526 A HISTORY OF SHORT-HORN CATTLE.

Duchess of Airdrie for 115,000, and the 21st
Duke of Airdrie was knocked down to William
Babcock of Canton, 111., at $8,000. On June 6
the 22d Duke of Airdrie was sold by Richard
Gibson at London, Ont., to Col. Le G. B. Cannon
of Vermont for 14,900; Rosy Princess 2d to
Winslow & Wadsworth for $1,250; Rosy Prin-
cess 5th to A. L. Stebbins of Detroit for $1,225;
IJi'suline 3d at $1,500 and Constance of Lyndale
6th at $1,000 to Col, Cannon; thirty-nine head
averaging $591. On the same day John Hope
sold Kirklevington Duchess 8th to U. J. Harris
of Webster, Mass.. for $2,300, and Duchess of.
Clarence 12th at $1,500 and Docile at $1,225 to
Hon. George Brown of Bow Park. At the same
sale T. L. Harison of New York sold the Prin-
cess Lady Gertrude to Winslow & Wadsworth
for $4,000. Shortly after this sale Mr. Hope
took charge of the herd at Bow Park. During
the summer Messrs. Winslow sold six young
Princess bulls at an average price of $1,000
each, the 19th Duke of Airdrie being in service
in their herd at the time.

At S. Meredith & Sons' summer sale the
Messrs. Hamilton of Mount Sterling, Ky.,
bought the 20th Duke of Airdrie for $6,975. In
their Flat Creek Herd this bull afterward left
a very valuable set of heifers; many of which
were introduced into prominent Western herds.
He seemed to "nick" particularly well with the

THE TURN OF THE TIDE. 527

Young Marys, Rose of Sharons, and Josephines
of which the Hamilton herd was so largely
composed.

At A. E. Kimberley's sale at West Liberty,
la., 8. W. Jacobs bought Breastplate 11431 at
$5,000. J. H. Bowman of Waverly, la., gave
^1,010 for the bull Jubilee's Breastplate, $2,025
for Jubilee Napier, and $1,750 for Jubilee Na-
pier 2d. At Wilson & Sons' sale at West Lil)-
erty Mr. McCune, Solon, la., added to his herd
imp. Golden Drop 2d at $1,160. At S. C. Dun-
can's sale in Missouri B. F. Winn gave $1,2W
for Duke of Tuberose 26408. At C. L. Van me-
ter s summer sale in Kentucky Messrs. Hamil-
ton were free buyers, taking Ophelia's Geneva
at $1,350 and 7th Belle of Bath at $1,000. At
Mr. Barbee's sale in Kentucky the Hamiltons
gave $1,570 for Loudon Duchess J 5th and John
Hope bought two Kirklevingtons at $1,225
each.

Cochrane at Windermere. —On Sept. 4, 1*^77. v
at Bowness, Cumlterland, amid the beauteous
surroundings of the Lake district of North-
western England, so famed in poetry and song,
the Hon. M. H. Cochrane of Hillhurst, Can.,
offered at public sulo thirty-two head exporte<l
for this purpose from Canada, along with
eleven head l>elonging to Simon Beattie. Mr.
Cochrane had iieeii fiom the beLrinning one of
the clearest-sighted men identified with the

528 A HISTORY OF SHORT-HORN CATTLE.

Short-horn trade. He was one of the first to
profit by the rising tide of Short-horn values in
America after tlie close of the Civil War; en-
gaged boldly and profitably in the early Duch-
ess speculations, made numerous sales at high
prices to leading buyers on both sides the At-
lantic, and when he observed that America was
not taking kindly to the high-priced Booths,
began turning them back upon the English
market. In the fall of 1875 he sold to Mr. A.
H. Browne of Northumberland five Booth heif-
ers at a reported price of $17,500. During that
same year he exported Royal Commander
(29857) and sold him at the Aylesby sale for
1,150 guineas to Hugh Aylmer. In August,
1876, he shipped two heifers and three year-
ling bulls, also of Booth blood, to Scotland, and
in 1877, as above mentioned, he appeared at
Windermere with a group of cattle deep in the
most fashionable Warlaby blood.* Believing
also that the English market at this time
afforded a better prospect for high prices for
Bates cattle than America he included in this
shipment the red Duchess heifers 3d and 5th

* Mr. Cochrane attributed the failure of the Booths to score a specula-
tive success in America during this period largely to the fact that Ameri-
can buyers at that time insisted, as a rule, upon fine style and finish. The
Booths, more especially the bulls, were somewhat inclined to roughness
about their heads, having been bred more for flesh and constitution tlian
for refinement. Again they ran strongly toward light colors. Another
reason was found in the fact that quite a number of the high-priced im-
ported Booth cows and heifers had failed to breed.

THE TURN OF THE TIDE. 529

Duchesses of Hillhurst and the 2*] Duke of Hill-
hurst.

The event demonstrated that Mr. Cochrane's
judgment was, as usual, not at fault* The
yearling 5th Duchess of Hillhurst was taken
by Earl liective at 4,300 guineas, the highest
price ever paid for a cow in Great Britain; the
yearling 3d Duchess went to R. Loder at 4,100
guineas, and the six-year-old 2(1 Duke of Hill-
hurst to A. H. Longman at <S00 guineas. The
Bates-bred heifers Marchioness of Barrington

♦This sale waa one of the few events In Short-hom history to which a
genuine International Interest attached. While no American bidders wore
present the occasion stirred the British Short-horn breedlnp fraternity to
Its very depths. Senator Cochrane had shrewdlyt)alted his hook to attract
the heavy-weig-hte of both the Bates and Booth factions. The excitement
was Intense, as record prices were made on the Duchess heifers, .'ind after
the sale a rather clever parody entitled "The Farmada, by Thomas Bab-
bllugton Mock-alay," appeared In the London Lirr-Stock Journal, from
which we make the following' excerpts:
"High on his break sits Bectlve; meek near the ring stands Torr,
While Stanlforth with Loder hold with Allsopp friendly war;
There Is Crosl)le from wild Kerry and Foster from KUlhow,
There Is Salt from b\isy Bradford antl Longman from 'The Row:*
The rival strains commingle and forget their deadly hates,
As now the cry's for Booth blood and now again for Bates.
But hark ! the war commences, fair shines the sun upon
The friendly legions marshalled by the wand of 'Honest John.'
At tirst the bids are mode.st. !ind the small men have their way,
But lierctT grows thi" Btruggl<> when the giant 'plungers' say.
A Duchess proudly walks the ring and thotisands' fly like hall.
But Whittlebury Hcori>s the prize, the sec-ond of the sale:
The v.'iles of Troutl)ock ring with cheers and echo back the Bounds,
As Ulllhurst's Third Is lauded for o'er four thousaud pounds.

Waves now the field for Warlaby .is Vesper Star comes In.
And silent though the Hates men are the Booths m:tlntaln the din.
A Crosblo wins the maiden for a thousand gulneat* down.
Nor rues the lucky bid that clalm<.>d her for his own.
More St.'irs shine forth lii l><>auty and make but llitlt> stay,
e'er 8t\irdy Hooth Is 'w.intetl' and quickly wins Its way."
M

4-

530 A HISTORY OF SHORT-HORN OATTLE.

and Lady Surmise, that had also been exported,
fetched respectively 800 guineas and 400 guin-
eas from Sir W. H. Salt. The Booth cow
Vesper Star went to Mr. W. Talbot Crosbie of
Ardfert Abbey at 1,000 guineas. The eleveu-
year-old Vernal Star made 450 guineas to Mr.
Darby The nine year-old cow White Rose, by
Mountain Chief, was taken by Rev. T. Stani-
forth at 300 guineas. Mr. John Torr, M. P.,
bought Bright Lady, a nine-year-old roan, at
330 guineas. British Queen, eight years old,
became the property of Rev. T. Staniforth at
230 guineas, and Welcome Lady p^nd Queen of
Beauty were bought by Mr. J. B. Booth at 226
guineas and 120 guineas respectively.

Mr. Beattie did not have as good luck with
his lot, although the 41st Duchess of Goodness
(of Kentucky breeding) fetched 205 guineas
from Earl Bective. His Princesses and other
American -bred cattle sold at low figures.

Sale summary for 1877. — During this year
3.237 Short-horns were sold in America for
$742,871, an average of $230, a falling off of
$111 per head from the average of 1876. In
Great Britain 2,455 head were sold at an aver-
age of about $274. an increase over the average
of 1876 of about $12. During the year Col.
Gunter had received $10,000 for the Duchess
bull 5th Duke of Clarence, a brother to the
Bow Park 4th Duke of Clarence. On Sept. 18

THE TURN OF THE TIDE. 581

E. H. Cheney had sold at Gaddesby the IStl:
Duchess of Airdrie to K. Loder for $11,000:
18th Lady of Oxford to H. Allsopp for >>y.0OO;
10th Maid of Oxford to Earl Bective for S8,025i
11th Maid of Oxford to H. Lovatt for S7,000,
and the 7th Duke of Gloster (89735) to the
Duke of Devonshire for $9,250. On the follow-
ing day Capt. R. E. Oliver sold Grand Duch-
esses at Sholel)roke Lodge, receiving SI 3,750
from Earl Bective for Grand Duchess 23d: $12.-
250 from the wealthy brewer H. Allsopp for
Grand Duchess 29th; $9,000 from Lord Skel-
mersdale for Cherry Grand Duchess 4th: $7,550
from Eail Bective for Grand Duke 81st (88874):
$5,000 from Sir G. R. Phillips for Grand Duke
29th (38372), and $4,500 from Mr. Allsopp for
Cherry Grand Duchess St h. On July 5 George
Fox made a sale at Elmhurst Hall, at which
Allsopp gave $5,500 for 2d Cambridge Lady and
$3,500 foi- Geneva's Kirklevington Duchess. At
William Ashburner's sale at Conishead Grange
Mr. Allsopp gave $8.9(MI for Bright Eyes Gth.
$8,050 for Mild Eyes 4th. and $3,050 foi Conis-
head Wild Eyes, by 24tl! Duke of Airdrie. :Mi-.
Albert ('rane sold during this season a pair of
Airdrie Diudiess heifers to Mr. Holford of Em:-
hind for $28,000.

Notwithstanding those fancy figures abroad
the year's busin(\ss closed in America in bad
condition. Two of the leadintr specnlat<n*s of

OdJ A HISTORY OF SHORT-HORN CATTLE^

the United States, Messrs. B. B. Groom of Ken-
tucky and S. W. Jacobs of Iowa, had been
forced into liquidation, with heavy liabilities,
and these failures only proved the prelude
of many others to follow.* The fall sales in
America were everywhere disappointing.

No Short-horns were imported during 1877,
but some sales were made for export to the
Japanese Government.

A falling market. — There were some private
sales during 1878 at high prices, but the gen-
eral result of the year's business was disastrous
to the speculative element. Numerous failures
in the American trade had precipitated gen-
eral liquidation.

The assignment of the Grooms brought 178
head of Bates-bred Short-horns upon the mar-
ket at auction June 19 and 20, 1878, but sup-
port was furnished by numerous bidders, and a
general average of $405 was made upon the en-
tire lot. Leading sales were as follows: Kirk-
levington Duchess of Horton, bought for Bow

* An incident of the trade that attracted widespread attention about this
period was a suit for damagres broug-ht by Hon. T. J. Megibben ag-amst E.
G. Bedford, both of Kentucky. The case grew out of the purchase by Mr.
Megibben of Mr. Bedford's half iuterest in the Duchess buU Duke of Wood-
land that had been dropped by the 4th Duchess of Oneida, purchased jointly
by these gentlemen at the New York Mills sale for $25,000. The calf was
imperfect — showing but one testicle — and proved impotent; hence the suit.
The most eminent lawyera in Kentucky were engaged as counsel, including
the Hon. John G. Carlisle, W. C. P. Breckenridge and others. Nearly all the
leading Kentucky breeders of Short-horns were summoned to give expert
testimony- The jury disagreed, and at a second trial the result was still
the same. On the third lieariiig Mr. Megibben secured judgment for S9.000.

THE TURN OF THE TIDE. 53^

Park at $2,800; Kirklnvington Duchess of Kent
2d, Avery & Murphy. $2,000; Wild Eyes of Vinf^-
wood, same firm, $2,800; Winsome 16th taken
to Bow Park at $2,000: Miss Wild Eyes 3d Hon
M. H. Cochrane, $1,1)00; LaJly 8th and Barrin-
ton Lally, A. L. Hamilton, $1,550 and $1,525 re-

WIO; Bell Duchess, A. F. Duckworth, $1,325-
2d and 4th Duchesses of Vinewood, C H An-
drews, Youngstown, 0., $1,225 and $1 075 re-
spectively; 6th Duchess of Vinewood S White
Wmdsor. Ont., $1,100; 15th Lady u( Oxford'
bought for Bow Park at $1,000. T Corwiii
Anderson of Side View, Kentucky, was a free
buyer at this sale.

At H. N. Moore's sale in Iowa T. R. Westrope
paid $2,150 for the roan Bates Seci-et cow Silver
Lady, bred by J. R Foster of Killhow and im-
ported by John Hope. Notwithstanding occa-
sional prices of this sort the 2,048 head sold at

^I'^^^'^'^'mu' "^^"^^'^^^ f^"^-'"^^^ ^^^^ averaged hut ^
•1>io4. Ihe situation abroad was better as the
English were doing business with more capital
During the same period 2,877 head were sold
m (rreat Britain at an average of $2S')

Top prices in England for 1878.— Earl Bec-
tive^sold privately to Allsopp of Hindlip Hall
six head for about $55.(M)0: among the number
being 8th Duchess of Oneida, purchased at New
York Mills and now transferred at a reportiM

534 A HISTORY OF SHORT-HORN CATTLE.

valuation of about $22,500; Duchess of Under-
ley 2d, a granddaughter of 10th Duchess of
Geneva, at a valuation of $15,000, and a Red
Rose valued at $5,000. Simon Beattie shipped
during this season to England for account of
Mr. Albert Crane the 27th Duke of Airdrie and
some Bates and Booth females; for Avery &
Murphy, Airdrie Duchess 3d and heifer calf
Airdrie Duchess 9th. 4th Ford ham Duke of Ox-
ford and Grand Airdrie; and for Pickrell &
Kissinger the Booth-bred Bright Lady of the
Realm, an own sister to the famous Breast-
plate.* The 27th Duke of Airdrie fetched
$2,225 at the sale of A. Brogden, being bought
by Mr. A. H. Lloyd.

The Duke of Devonshire had meantime be-
come one of the great Short-horn powers of
Great Britain. His herd was specially dis-
tinguished for the excellence of its Oxfords,
and under the skillful management of Mr.
Drewry, one of the most intelligent of all those
who have contributed to Short-horn prestige
abroad, the Holker Hall Short-horns gained
international fame. Drewry was probably one
of the best judges of his time, and, while par-
tial to Bates blood, gave careful consideration
to the individual character and quality of the
herd under his charge. At the Holker sale of
1878 Baroness Oxford 5th, by 5th Duke of

• Mr. T. C. Booth of Warlaby died in 187a

THE TURN OF THE TIDE. 535

Wetherby (31033), was taken by D. Mcintosh
at 113,300; Grand Duchess of Oxford 22d was
bought by W. McCulloch at S10,500; Grand
Duchess of Oxford 21st, by Lord Penryhn, at
17,750; Grand Ducliess of Oxford 40th went to
S. P. Foster at $8,000; Grand Duchess of Oxford
19th to Maj. Chaffey at $4,275; the 44th Duke
of Oxford (39774) to H. A. Brassey at $8,250:
the 45th Duke of Oxford to Lord Fitzhardinge
at $7,500, and the 46th Duke to the Earl of
Ellesmere at $3,330.

At a sale made by Mr. J. W. Larking Sir
Curtis Lampson gave $7,550 for the American-
bred 3d Duke of Hillhurst (30975). The Duke
of Devonshire invested $4,525 in Cherry Duch-
ess of Hillhurst and $4,250 in Marchioness of
Worcester, by 8th Duke of Geneva; and Mr.
Allsopp gave $3,000 for Belle of Worcester. At
a* sale made by T. Hoi ford A. H. Lloyd paid
^4.050 for Winsome 12th: D. Mcintosh gave
$4,000 for Viscount of Oxford (4n87(')), and All-
sopp paid from $2,000 to $3.(inO for several lots.

Dark days of 18V9. The year 1879 was a
repetition of the previous season except that
the depression in values of such cattle as were
expected to sell on the strength of their breed-
ing was still more profcnmd on this side of the
Atlantic. Trade at both public and ]U'ivato
fc^ale in America was Hat, and hundredsof those
who had been chasing the rainbows of fashion

536 A HISTORY OF SHORT-HORN CATTLE.

found themselves in the possession of cattle
that were not good enough to command high
prices on their merits as individuals and for
which no* market existed among those who had
been engaged in the mad race for "blue" blood
regardless of all other considerations. There
were a few speculators who believed that the
depression was only temporary, one of whom
was the late T. Corwin Anderson of Side View,
Ky., who insisted that purchases made at prices
then prevailing would ultimately show a hand-
some profit. At a sale made from Bow Park
at Dexter Park, Chicago, Oct. 17, Mr. Anderson
gave $1,000 for Kirklevington Duchess 23d; but
there were few who had sufficient courage to
take hold at any such price. The total number
of cattle sold during the year in America was
2,865, disposed of at the very unsatisfactory
average of $115. Of these more than 2.000
head were sold under the hammer of Col. J. W.
Judy. An illustration of the general desire to
liquidate was afforded by the fact that during
this season the Hamiltons of Kentucky sold 39<)
head at auction at Kansas City at an average
of $109 each.

Wealthy English noblemen and land-holders
still managed to keep things moving on the
other side. Mr. Fox sold Duke of Elmhurst,
out of the American-bred 20th Duchess of Air-
drie, to go to Australia at $10,000. At Lord

THE TURN OF THE TIDE. 537

Dunmore's sale Allsopp gave $10,000 for Duch-
ess 117th and $VSJM) for Duchess 114th. and
Sir Curtis Lampson paid $f>.2oO for Duke of
Cornwall 2d (48082). At Lord Skelmersdale's
sale at Latham House in September Mr. R.
Loder of Whittlebury paid $10,000 for Duchess
of Ormskirk. At Lord Braybrooke's sale at
Audley End, Allsopp gave $5,0(XJ for Thorn-
dale Rose 7th; Earl Bective paid S4,5(Xj for
Thorndale Rose 9th and Sir Curtis Lampson
13,000 for Thorndale Rose 12th. At Col. Kings-
cote's sale Lord Fitzhai-dinge gave $5,500 for
Oxford Belle 5tli; and the bull Oxford Beau 7th
(42082), by Duke of Hillhurst. was bought by
Mr. Angas of Australia at $3,375. Mr. Angas
also bought a number of the get of Duke of
Connaught at Lord Fitzhardinge's Berkeley
Castle sale, including Lady Wild Eyes 12th at
$2,000. At this same sale Mr. J. A. Rolls gave
$3,750 for Kirklevington Empress 2d. by Duke
of Connaught. Notwithstanding these occa-
sional high prices the general trend of values
in-Great Britain was also downwind, the sales
for the yenr iiggregatiiiii 2.354 head at an aver-
age of $240. This average would have been
materially less but for the few sensational
l)rices above qiinfod.

The rally of 1880. The panic which had
prevailed among tii(> holders of speculative lots
in America for several years had now spent

538 A HISTORY OF SHORT-HORN CATTLE.

its force in large degree and a somewhat better
feeling prevailed. On June 30 Hon. M. H.
Cochrane ventured the sale of forty-three head
at Dexter Park, Chicago, which made the hand-
some average of $900. This result was largely
due to the liberal bidding of Col. Le Grand B.
Cannon, a wealthy fancier of Burlington, Vt.,
who paid $8,000 each for the 7th and 8th Duch-
esses of Hillhurst. Mr. N. P. Clarke of St.
Cloud, Minn., purchased the 7th Duke of Hill-
hurst 34321 at $3,900. The Bow Park manage-
ment took Kirklevington Duchess of Kent 2d
at $2,600 and Mr. Bronson C. Rumsey of Niag-
ara Stock Farm, Buffalo, N. Y., paid $4,150 for
Marchioness of Barringtons 5th and 6th.

In December, 1879, two disastrous fires had
occurred among the buildings of Bow Park, the
institution suffering great loss. The indirect
result of this was to force the company to ship
a large number of cattle to the States. The
old Glen Flora Farm of j\ressrs. Parks at Wau-
kegan. 111., was selected as a suitable distribut-
ing point, and several sales were afterward
made there at which prices ranged well above
the average being obtained at Western sales.*

The Hamiltons of Kentucky were still free
sellers, disposing of 190 head at Kansas City in

♦The Hon. George Brown died in the spring of .1880; his death resulting
from a shot fired by one of the employes in the office of the Toronto Globe.
Ht* shooting resulted in a flesh w^ound from which blood-poisoning set ih.

THE TURN OF THE TIDE, 589

May for an average of SI 18. At a sale in Chi-
cago they sold sixty-four head at an average of
$219, at which Maj. S. E. Ward of Kansas City
paid $1,300 for the cow Rosebud. About 500
head were sold at auction in Kentucky during
this summer; Mr. T. C. Anderson's sixty-six
head averaging S227; Vanmeter & Hamilton's
fifty-five head averaged $304: W. T. Hearne's
fifty-two head averaged $287: I. C. Vanmeter's
nineteen head averaged 8320: E. IS. Cunning-
ham paying $1,510 for Sharon's Beauty and A.
M. Bowman of Virginia Sl,5nO for Sharon's
Belle. Messrs. Tracy sold forty-nine head at
an average of $272.

The 3.222 head sold pul)licly in America dur- --
ing 1880 averaged $144. The British average
for the same period on 1.820 head was $175: the
only extraordinary price made in England dur-
ing the year being $10.(100 paid by the Earl of
Feversham for 3d Duchess of Underley at Earl
Bective's. Sir Curtis Lampson gave $4.9('KJ at
same sale for r2th Maid of Oxford.

The Vaile and Rumsey importations. — In
October. 1S8(>. iini)ortations of Bates calth^ were
resumed, important purchases being made by
Col. H. M. Vaile of Inflependence. Mo., and B.
C. Bumsey. Buffalo. N. T.

Tlie Vaile im])ortation consisted of sixteen
head, including some ca]iital Waterloos from
I he fine herd of the Rev. J. L D. Jefferson of

540 A HISTORY OF SHORT-HORN CATTLE.

Thicket Priory, Yorkshire; Kirklevingtons from
J. W. Larking, Ashdown House, Sussex; the
roan Wild Eyes 34th, etc. From this importa-
tion many valuable Short-horns were bred.
Indeed, the Vaile Waterloos became famous
throughout the West for their fine quality and
flesh.

Mr. Rumsey's lot included the Duke of Con-
naught cows Oxford Duchess 3d, Kirklevington
Empress 4th. and Wisdom 2d; Rowfant Kirk-
levington 4th and Rowfant Peach from Sir
Curtis Lampson's; a Barrington heifer from H.
Lovatt's and the roan bull Knight of Oxford 2d
(39549), bred by R. P. Da vies. During this sea-
son Mr. Rumsey bought Airdrie Duchess 8th
from Avery & Murphy at a reported price of
^10.000.

Sales of 1881. — Considerable activity and
some strong prices characterized the auction
sales of 1881. An offering of fifty-five head
from Bow Park made at Dexter Park, Chicago,
brought the gratifying average of $516.35.
Messrs. DeGraff & Brown of Minnesota* paid
$4,200 for Duchess of Oxford 21st; H. L. Stout,
Dubuque. la.. $2,550 for Kirklevington Duchess
26th, $2,350 for 46th Duke of Oxford and $1,810

* Col. Charles A. DeGraff, who bought this cow jointly with H. F. Brown,
was the owner of the beautiful estate known as Lake Elysian Stock Farm,
near Janesville. Minn. He was a big-, broad-gauged, generous-hearted man.
who for some years contributed largely to live-stock improvement in the
Northwest, and his death, which occurred a few years since, removed from
the fraternity of American stock-breeders one of its most admirable charac-
ters.

THE TURN OF THE TIDE. 541

for 10th Duchess of Banington, and lion. John
Wentworth took the 8th Duke of Kirkleving-
ton at $1,760. As indicating the magnitude oi
the business being transacted at West Liberty
la., it may be mentioned that in the sprincr of
this year the late Robert Miller and others sold
about 250 head at auction, the average price
received on the lot being SI 23.50.

On May 18 and 19 at Port Huron. Mich
Messrs. Avery & Murphy and John P. Sanborn
sold 122 head at an average of $950. The
Messrs. Hamilton of Kentucky bought Airdrie
Duchess 2d at $7,000 and Airdrie Duchess 5th
at $3,000. Mitchell Bros, of Detroit bid off
Airdrie Duchess 11th at $5,055. T. 0. Anderson
ot Kentucky paid $2,900 for Wild Eyes of Vine-
wood and $2,000 for Wild Eyes of Vinewood 2d
; r; ?^^,^^'^y o^ <^'"o gave $1,500 for Marquis
of Oxford 39Sfn. and J. S. Ben-y of Kentucky
took imp. Kiiklevington Princess 2d at $2.0lo
At the Hamilton sale in Kentucky, in Au-
gust, sixty-one head averaged $489 25- ton
prices being $1,705 paid l)y E. L. Chrisman In-
dependence, Mo., for Kirklevington Ladv'(^x-
foi^ 2d; $1,515, $1,500 and $1,025 bv Pxen/john
^. Williams of Kentucky for three Kirklevin-
kms: $1,510 by J. M. Bi,.stMfT of Kenturkv fnr
Barrington Place, and $1,225 by T 0 An.l.^r
son for Peach Blossom 9th. Mr. Ben F V ni-
meter was at this time in partnership uith ihe

542 A HISTORY OF SHORT-HORN CATTLE.

Messrs. Hamilton,* and at a sale held by the
firm of Vanmeter & Hamiltons this season
seventy-three head averaged S519; ten head ot
Renick Rose of Sharons being knocked off at
prices ranging up to $3,000.

On Nov. 10 the Bow Park people sold thirty-
eight head at Glen Flora Farm at an average
of $555; Mr. A. J. Alexander of Woodburn
Farm. Kentucky, buying imp. Kirklevington
Duchess of Horton— famous as the dam of the
fat-stock show champion Clarence Kirkleving-
ton—at $2,080. Messrs. Henshaw, Trimble &
Pickett of Plattsburg, Mo., gave $4,025 at this
sale for imp. Grand Duchess of Oxford 29th, of
the Duke of Devonshire's breeding. Mr. S. F.
Lockridge of Greencastle, Ind.. paid $1,700 for
Waterloo 38th, and the Hon. Emory Cobb of
Kankakee, 111., purchased imp. Kirklevington
Duchess 17th at $1,270.

A new era at hand.— Another milestone in
Short-horn history had now been reached. The
great outburst of enthusiasm for cattle of the
Bates. Booth, and allied tribes which had swept
over England and America was now subsiding.
In its earlier phases it represented the tribute
of the cattle-breeding world to the genius of
successful breeders; the verdict of two conti-
nents upon the refinement, beauty, and quality

* Messrs. Vanmeter & Hamiltons had a lew years prior to this sale ac-
quired by purchase about one-half of Mr. Renick's herd, including quite a
number of 4th Duke of Geneva cows.

THE TURN OF THE TIDE.

543

of the Bates-bred tribes and the sturdy sub-
stance and deep flesh of the VVarlaby stock.
Undoubted meiit lay at the foundation of the
fashions that ruled the sale-rings of both conti-
nents for so many years, as detailed in the
foregoing pages. Unfortunately not all of
those who made investments during this pe-
riod were actuated by a desire to promote the
interests of the breed. Indeed, as the great
"boom" progressed it drew to itself many who
simply improved the opportunity to indulge
their speculative instincts without any special
reference to the effect of their operations upon
the general welfare. Many of the Duchesses,
Princesses, Rose of Sharons and other favorites
were bought at enormous [)iices not because
they were better than the average well-bred
Short-horn of their time, but in the hope that
some other eager investor would l)e willing to
pay a like price for the progeny. It will be
observed from a perusal of the preceding chap-
ters that only such tribes were systematically
"promoted" as were comparatively scarce and
in few hands. It wouhl have been idle for any
man or group of men to attempt to maintain
such figures for any of the more prolitic or
widely-distribiitt^d sorts.

Injudicious breeding. — In some instances
these high-priced cattle fell into the hands of
careful men n ho handled them with a decent

544 A HISTORY OF SHORT-HORN CATTLE.

regard for sound principles of breeding. In
some herds they were mated with consummate
skill and judgment, and the original merit of
the stock was in these exceptional cases fairly
well maintained. Too often, however, these
unfortunate descendants of a noble ancestry
became the mere tools of speculators and the
victims of a vicious system wHich could have
but one result; to-wit.: inevitable deterioration.
A certain set even undertook the foolhardy
task of breeding the Bates tribes "absolutely
pure." There were still in existence more
than thirty-five years after the death of Thomas
Bates cattle belonging to families originated
either by himself or his tenants, the Messrs.
Bell, which had been kept squarely within
strict Bates lines; that is to say entirely free
from admixture of blood from any other than
the Bates source. One has but to hark back to
the practice of Bates himself to find ample
warrant for characterizing this procedure on
the part of certain of his alleged disciples as
utterly unworthy not only of the master of
Kirklevington, but, as a preposition in scien-
tific breeding, not to be considered by intel-
ligent men. Fortunately there were but few
who undertook to carry this reckless practice
to extreme lengths. It was pointed out that
but for the outcrossed families, not only of the
Bates but of the Booth tribes, the main chan-

THE TURN OF THE TIDE. 545

nels of those bloods would have ceased to cut
much figure upon the 8hort-horii map. The
"pure" Duchesses about this time became ex-
tinct both in Europe and America, leaving the
field, so far as Mr. Bates' favorite family was
concerned, to the outcrossed blanches. The
effort to preserve the Kirklevington tribes for
an indefinite period free from admixture of
other blood mot with no success so far as sus-
taining the individual merit of the cattle was
concerned.

Evils of speculation.— There is nothing so
dangerous as popularity. Whenever it is dem-
onstrated that cattle of any particular line of
breeding possess pronounced merit and repre-
sent a blood" concentration likely to insure pre-
potency a widespread demand leads to the re-
tention for breeding purposes of "all sorts and
conditions" of cattle carrying the coveted ped-
igree. The really good specimens are taken
by leading breeders or wealthy speculators at
fancy prices, leaving the inferior and indiffer-
ent "misfits" for those whose purse does not
permit of the purchase of the best. Thus it
came to pass that during the years of inflated
values the tendency of Short-horn breeding
was away from correct standards, so far as
practical excellence for the farm, the dairy, or
the feed-lot was concerned. The entire breed
was "honeycombed" by the speculative mania.

85

546 A HISTORY OF SHORT-HORN CATTLE.

At the same time there were not only in Great
Britain but America certain sturdy characters
who refused to be stampeded at the crack of
fashion's whip. There were m nearly every
State in the Union, as well as in Canada and
Great Britain, devoted lovers of the breed who,
often at great apparent cost to themselves,
maintained the sacred fires of the early Short-
horn faith. Tiiio to the principles of those
who gave the breed to the world they persist-
ently pursued individual excellence in the ani-
mal as the corner stone of all progress; and to
these men the breed owes its preservation from
those who were unintentionally poisoning the
very fountains of its vitality.

The spur of opposition. — Several causes con-
spired to bring American breeders to their
senses about this period. Coincident with the
declining merit for practical purposes of those
tribes that were most frequently in the public
eye came the invasion of the markets of the
West by two of Britain's most distinguished
beef types; to-wit.: the Herefords and black
polls. The establishment of the American
Fat-Stock Show at Chicago, which occurred in
1878, gave these new candidates for public
favor an opportunity of which they were not
slow to take advantage. "White-faces" and
"doddies" began to appear in force for the first
time in the history of American cattle-breed-

THE TURN OF THE TIDE. 54?

i'lg at the great State fairs of the West En-
terprising and intelligent men devoted time
and ample capital to a presentation of their
merits as feeders' and butchers' beasts. It was
apparent from the beginning that before the
tribunal of practical men constituting the
great ])ody of Western feeders and stock-yards
buyers only such Short-horns as possessed sub-
stance, feeding capacity and natural wealth of
flesh could successfully .lefend the colors of
the "red, white and roan." Style without
Stamina could not resist the shock Finish
without flesh failed to satisfy the cold logic of
the block. Those who had been dictating
terms to the Short-horn cattle-breedin- fra^
ternity were now confronted with a competi-
tion that based its claims not upou p^.^t
reputation, but upon actual preseut worth
lliose who were eudeavoring to sustain the
presfige of the prevailing fashionable type
made a brave effort to cope with their formid-
able adversaries, and in some noteworthy in-
stances succeeded in presenting animals flt to
stand for the credit of any breed at anv time
m any place. Such isolated instance^' how-
ever, only served all the more cfToctually tn
prove that something weightier than mere
pedigree, something more tan-ible tlian mere
pride of birth was the crying need of the
hour.

548 A HISTORY OF SHORT-HORN CATTLE.

Scotch cattle to the fore. — Naturally in such
an emergency the character of the Short-horns
available at the time for repelling the newly-
introduced breeds became the subject of close
scrutiny. Examination of the breeding of the
cattle that had been sustaining and were still
battling for the honor of the breed at leading
shows in the West revealed the fact that the
fighting line was not held, as a general propo-
sition, by animals representing the prevailing
fashionable blood. It so happened that at this
critical juncture in Short-horn affairs on this
side the Atlantic some of the stoutest defend-
ers of Short-horn fame against rival breeds had
been brought from the old-established herds of
Scotland. Baron Booth of Lancaster (half-Booth,
half-Scotch), Violet's Forth, the Golden Drops,
Orange Blossom 18th, and other North Country
cattle that had been seen in the West in former
years were recalled as types of the stamp now
demanded. The Scotch-bred Duke of Rich-
mond 21525 and other cattle of his compact,
lieshy conformation were even then holding
back the Hereford host. The hour had struck;
and the early "eighties" found the Aberdeen-
shire Short-horn claiming the center of the
American Short-horn stage.

CHAPTER XVIII.

SCOTLAND'S SEARCHING TEST.

On the rich farming lands of England and
America the Short-horn, as a prolific source of
both proht and pleasure, had received early
and adequate recognition. For half a century
*' John Bull" and '"Brother Jonathan" had been
heaping honors and riches at the feet of the
"red, white and roan" with a recklessness un-
paralleled in agricultural history, but in win-
ning its way into their affections the breed had
leveled in the bounty of the most opulent ag-
riculture the world has ever seen. Could it
maintain its superiority when the path no
longer led through the grassy vales of York
and Durham, or by the rustling cornfields of
"the States"? It was not until long after the
great feeders of the Ohio Valley began driving
their fine big Short-born steers to sealioard
markets that the tenant fai-mers of the North
of Scotland undertook to answer this pertinent
question in a district where balmy breezes,
sunny skies, rich pastures, groaning grain bins
and other bovine "creature comforts" were
consi»icuous mainly by their absence: and the

550 A HISTORY OF SHORT-HORN CATTLE.

triumphant vindication of the intrinsic value
of Short-horn blood, under apparently adverse
conditions of soil and climate, resulting from
that practical test makes up one of the bright-
est chapters in the annals of the breed. Inci-
dentally it also furnishes a lesson in good farm-
ing that is world-wide in its application. The
story of the Short-horn in the North of Scot-
land has, therefore, a deep signihcauce.

"Caledonia stern and wild." — Within the
memory of the generation now passing Aber-
deenshire, a comparatively bleak and unpro-
ductive country, was unknown as a producer
of prime beef. To-day, thanks to Short-horn
1)1 ood, turnips, Capt. Barclay of Ury, Grant
Duff of Eden, Hay of Shethin, Watson of
Keillor, McCombie of Tillyfour, the Cruick-
shanks of Sittyton, their contemporaries and
successors, it is one of the primary factors in the
world's supply. Reaching from the Northern
Highlands of Perth and the forest of Glen Ey,

"Land of brown heath and shaggy wood;
Land of the mountain and the flood,"

to where Kinnaird Head finally plows its way
into the surf of Northern seas, Aberdeenshire
presents a rolling landscape, strewn for the
most part with the stony debris deposited by
the ancient glaciers of the Grampians. A
rough, broken country, possessing but limited
areas of good soil, wanting in natural shelter,

Scotland's SEAiicniNO test. 551

swept for a good portion of the year by the
chill East winds of the German Ocean, and
enduring the long, dark winters of a latitude
of 58 deg. north it is one of the marvels of our
time that the Aberdonian tenantry and then-
neighbors of adjacent districts in the face of
such environment should have w^on so high a
place in the farming world.

Science, "roots" and Short-horns. — For gen-
erations the Northern farmers had made but
little progress in the improvement of their cat-
tle. A scanty heritage was grazed by the na-
tive, unimproved, black hornless breed of the
district, or by the shaggy little steers from the
Western Highlands, and these supplied wdiat
beef was required for local consumption. The
feeding of cattle for distant markets, as a reg-
ular source of revenue, could receive but scant
attention. Tn the coui'se of time, however,
science came to the rescue. Experience proved
the benoficput effects of lime and l>one dust
upon many hitherto sterile stone-fenced fields,
thus paving the w^ay for the successful intro-
duction of the culture of turnips as a stock
food; since carried to a degree of perfocti(^n
unknown in any other country. Marsh and
moor-lands w^ere transformed by drainage and
artificial fei'tilization. Some good grass f(d-
lowed; and this, along with the *'ueeps'** and

•CoUoQulal Scotch for turnips

552 A HISTORY OF SHORT-HORN CATTLE.

oat fields, provided a firm foundation for a
more profitable agriculture. Indeed, "roots'"'
fairly revolutionized North-Country farming
and rendered it possible to attempt the im-
provement of the size and weight of the Aber-
deenshire, Banlf and Forfar herds with pros-
pects of success.* The experiment was made
and carried to a successful issue primarily by
the use of Short-horn blood.

Feed-lot considerations paramount.— Those
who inaugurated this work of improvement, as
well as those who followed in their footsteps,
w^ere, as a rule, men who made a living by
their own unaided eiforts. Upon those North-
ern hills life was real and earnest. There was
no place in the local agriculture for the purely
ornamental. Cattle had first of all to be of a
rent-paying sort. This called for sound consti-
tutions to enable the animals to withstand the
climate and for a feeding quality and early
maturity that would give prompt and full re-
turns in the feed-lot for all forage consumed.
Those to whom the early breeders had to look
for the sale of their surplus bulls were men
who had roofs to keep over their heads. They

• During a visit to Aberdeenshire In 1892 the author was shown a fine
turnip field— on one of the farms held hy Mr. William Duthle from the Earl
of Aberdeen— which, originally a peat bog, had been drained and reclaimed
at a cost to the tenant of about £30 per acre. Inasmuch as this sum ($150)
represents about double the value in fee simp'^e of good American farms,
this fact affords a fitting illustration of the expense and labor with which
many North of Scotland fiirms were adapted to the reaulrements of suc-
cessful cattle-breeding.

Scotland's searching test. 553

could indulge in no ''fads" or fancies. The ^et
of any sire, no matter how distinguished his
lineage, were studiously shunned unless show-
ing plainly the qualifications demanded in an
atmosphere where economy and practical util-
ity were the essential handmaids of thrift.

It thus happened that Short-horn breeding
in the North rested from the beginning on the
bedrock of actual merit for feeding purposes.

Crossing the border. — Tweedside marks the
Northern confines of England. At the river's
mouth, on the Scottish side, stands the historic
city of Berwick, sternly typical of the character
of the people over whose destinies it kept
"watch and ward" for centuries. On the grassy
southern bank lies ancient Northumbria and
Flodden Field. The ruined battlements of
Norham Castle remind the traveler in these
parts of the Border Country's stormy past: but
since the days of William Wallace and Kiug
James this pastoral region has fallen under
gentler sway. From the Cheviots to the Hills
of Lammermoor the herds and flocks of a
thrifty husbandry have grazed, free from war's
alarms, for generations.

Prior to the introduction of the i)reed into
the Northern Counties it had already been
proved that Short-horns would thrive in the
South of Scotland. Indeed, tliey had l^een suc-
cessfully transplanted early in the century

554 A HISTORY OF SHORT-HORN CATTLE.

from the Valley of the Tees across the border
into the district lying between the River Tweed
and the Firth of Forth. Robertson of Lady-
kirk and Rennie of Phantassie were the pio-
neers in this forward movement toward the
North; and after the introduction of Short-
horn bulls had aroused the spirit of improve-
ment among the farmers of the higher latitude
the blood of these earliest Scottish herds be-
came an important element in the evolution of
the Al)erdeenshire type.

Robertson of Ladykirk. — Residing near
Coldstream. Berwickshire, close by the placid
waters of the Tweed, Robertson of Ladykirk,
Scotland's first breeder of Short-horn cattle,
acquired an early familiarity with the merits
of the original Short-horn stock of Northum-
berland and Durham. A contemporary of the
Colli ngs, Mason, Grey of Dilston, Bates and
Thomas Booth he had ample opportunities for
making a thorough study of the breed while
still in its infancy. Quick to adopt practical
ideas into his own farming operations he re-
solved to transfer to Scottish territory some of
the best of the Ketton and Barmpton blood.
Cows and heifers of the most approved Tees-
water type were selected mainly on their mer-
its as individuals and crossed by herd-book
bulls of Colling and kindred breeding. The
canny Scot, however, was opposed to the whole

SCOTLAND S SEARCHING TEST. 000

scheme of pedigree registration. Geo. Coates
and his saddle))ugs found no welcome at Lady-
kirk. Robertson held tliat the attempt to limit
the choice of cattle reared for practical farm
purposes to such as might chance to be bred
within herd-book lines constituted an unrea-
sonable check upon freedom of individual judg-
ment and would prove a bar to real progress.
Foi-tunately for the breed Jonas Whitaker and
others saw the wisdom of providing a founda-
tion for the future by recording the lineage of
the first of the "improved" Short-horns. Al-
though registi-jition went steadilj^ on in England
the Berwickshire breeder's patronage was stub-
bornly withheld. It transpires, therefore, that
the breeding of the Ladykirk cows, although
well known to their owner, was never put on
record and those who started from this essen-
tially sound and substantial stock of Short-
horns were unable to trace their pedigrees to
their actual p]nglish origin. That the herd was
well bred has never been questioned. That it
attained a high standard of excellence is i)o?'ne
out by all the early chronicles of Tweed>Mdo
agriculture. That it furnished the foundation
for many a fin(^ family of cattle in the North
IS one of th(^ j)rimary propositions of Scotch
Slmrt-honi history.

Rennie of Phantassie. — The colors of the
''red, whit(» and loan" were carried from

556 A HISTORY OF SHORT-HORN CATTLE.

Tweedside to the Forth by John Rennie of
the farm of Phantassie, in the County of Had-
dington (East Lothian). His father, George
Rennie, had been one of the most active pro-
moters of agricultural improvement in his day;
having been sent when a mere lad into the
Tweedside country to study the farming of
that district, where such men as Lord Karnes,
Ronton of Lamberton, Hume of Ninewells,
Fordyce of Ayton, and others had begun exten-
sive improvements upon their estates. The
knowledge thus gained by observation was af-
terward turned to good account at Phantassie.
A man of fine business ability and sound judg-
ment, Rennie rose to great eminence as a
breeder and feeder of fine Short-horns in a
region already famous for the skill of its farm-
ers.* He bought from Robertson of Ladykirk,
with whom he was on terms of intimate friend-
ship, and also drew upon the herds of the first
English improvers of the breed.

Rennie agreed with Robertson in reference
to the then newly-established Short-horn Herd
Book of England and also refused to record his
cattle in it, but the perfection to which he
brought his herd is attested by references made
to his stock by Youatt, McCombie and other au-
thorities. The Northern farmers who bought

* The farming of the Lothians is to this day a source of National pride
in Scotland.

Scotland's seakching test. 557

cattle from these Southern herds were in quest
of a profitable feeding type rather than partic-
ular bhjod-lines. They knew little and proba-
bly cared less about the disputes as to the rela-
tive values of different strains as carried on
by their English brethren. Indeed, those who
owned animals tracing descent from these two
primal Scottish herds were quite content to
rest the pedigrees at the base upon the sul)-
stantial names and character of '"Kennie of
Phantassie" or "Robertson of Ladykirk." An
abrupt termination this, one might say. and
yet to those who drew material from those
sources it meant a foundation in genuine Short-
horn merit as firm as the granite hills of their
native land.

Ronnie has the honor of having supplied the
first Short-horn bull ever taken into the terri-
tory North of the River Dee, reference to
which will be made further on.*

•"We havo been honored with a letter from Mr. John Rennle on the
pxibject of hla etock from which wo make the following extract, conflrma-
tory of Mr. Brown's account, and which. In Justice to so enterprising and
sltlllful a breeder as Mr. Rennle. should be placed upon record: *Tbe
principal breed (he means amonp the few who have dlrect»>d their attention
to the broedlntr of cattle) is Short-horns, or Teeswaters. which were lntix>-
d\iced by mysilf. Iiavlup selected them from Mr. Hcliertson of Ladykirk,
Who. I liave no hesitation In sayhur, had some of the Ix'st Sliort-horns in
the kluK'dom. I also had two or three bulls of the best bloo«1 from the
rounty of Durh.'im. I had three or four larpe sales of slock which were
attended by some of the most celebratetl breeders In England and Sootlanc.
Bulls were b(iu»:bt at from 160 to JtUOeach to fro 300 miles north and abore
JOO miles south.'

"Mr. Brown of Drylaw HIU. to whom we are lndebto<l for some pn^vlous
remarks. luformB us thai ab<.nit tlie years 1S18 and ISiy the Slmrt-homed or
Toeswarer breed of il e beet and purest sort was introduced into the county

558 A HISTORY OF SHORT-HORN CATTLE.

Barclay of Ury. — The father of Short-horn
breeding in the North was one of the best-
known characters of his day and generation —
Capt. Barclay of Ury. Descended from an old
Kincardineshire family, distinguished for great
physical strength, a soldier by profession and a
sportsman by instinct, he developed a fondness
for farming, which resulted in his founding
a herd of Short-horns aliout the date of Ma-
son's sale, from which those who afterwards
engaged in the trade drew many of their most
valuable foundation animals. Notwithstand-
ing his success and reputation as the introdu-
cer of the Short-horn in North Scotland it is an
open question as to whether or not his fame in
other directions was not even greater than his
celebrity as a cattle-breeder. An athlete him-
self Barclay was passionately fond of all forms
of out-of-door sport. It is said that he once
walked 1,000 miles in 1,000 hours on a wager.
He was financially interested in the operation

principally from the stock of the late Mr. Robertson of Ladykirk and
which were descended in a direct line from those of Messrs. Colling of
Darlington. Others were likewise brought from some of the most cele-
brated stocks in the North of England. For this he says the county was
indebted to Mr. John Rennle, son of Mr. George Rennie. The produce ol
his stock Is now spread over the county, and as a proof of its merits a bul-
lock bred by Mr. Rennie and fed by Mr. Boyne of Woodhall received the
second prize at the Smithfleld Cattle Show in 1831.

" Mr. Rennie obtained many prizes from the Highland and his own dis-
trict society. He has had many beasts that weighed from eighty to one
hundred stone (imperial weight) when at two and a half or three years old;
and he once sold eighteen steers at two and a half years old which weighed
from eighty-five to one hundred stone and for which he received £33 per
head."— Fouatt on OaWe, pofle 148.

Scotland's .searching test. 551)

of the mail coaches of East Scotland, and one
of these, notably the famous "Dehance/" was
one of the noted outfits of its time.* He had a
very celebrated breed of game fowls, and was
a devoted patron of the cock-pit and the prize-
ring. Fond of arranging fistic encounters be-
tween the expert boxers of that period he often
served in the capacity of "trainer" as well as
backer. Good dogs and the "mimic warfare of
the chase" also claimed his attention. Indeed
for more than a generation the exploits of Bar-
clay of Ury, by flood and field, furnished the
theme for many a "rattling" story told at
officers' "mess" or wayside inn.

Barclay had inherited from his father the
estate of Ury on the banks of the River Cowie,
hard by the seaport of Stonehaven. At large
expense of time and labor, by the liberal use of
lime and by the importation of skilled plow-
men and improved implements from Norfolk,
the elder Barclay had secured fair grass aud had
successfully introduced the culture of turnips.
The Captain was on terms of intimate friend-
ship with Wetherell and had many interestiui?

• Barclay once drove the " Defiance " throujrh on a wa?er of £1.000 from
London to Abordot-n without U-avlnp tho box. It la said that on tills trip
tht- coach was " horsed " at two stajros l>y Thorougrhbrxnls as leaders that
had never been In harness before. On arrlvlnii at Ab»>rdeen a friend
remarked, "Captain, yon must tK> tirod." Barclay ropUcd. "I have £1.000
that says I can drive back to Loudon again starting In the mom."

560 A HISTORY OF SHORT-HORN CATTLE.

"sessions*' with Watson and McCombie, the
great improvers of the Aberdeen- Angus polls.
His first great success with Short-horns fol-
lowed his purchase of the best cow sold at the
dispersion sale of Mason of Chilton — the beau-
tiful roan Lady Sarah at 150 guineas. She was
a daughter of the massive roan cow Portia,
illustrated in the first volume of Coates' Herd
Book. At Ury she proved prolific, producing
the bulls Monarch (4495), Mahomed (6170),
Pedestrian (7321), Sovereign (7539), and the
three heifers, Julia, Cecily, and Helen. Bar-
clay was familiar with the Bakewell scheme of
the Collings, Bates, and the elder Booth, and
produced the valuable roan bull Mahomed,
above mentioned, by breeding Monarch back to
his own dam, Lady Sarah. Mahomed was sold
as a calf. but. developing into a capital bull,
was bought back in 1839. He appears to have
been used in the herd until 1841, and sired
among other valuable animals The Pacha
(7612). the progenitor of many animals after-
ward distinguished in Scotch Short-horn his-
tory. Lady Sarah's daughters Cecily and Helen
were sold to Mr. Pollock of County Meath, Ire-
land, along with their produce; and their de-
scendants were afterward to be seen in the
noted Booth-bred herd of Barnes of Westland.
Besides Mahomed Monarch sired the successful
stock bull Billy (3151), that was sold as a calf

Scotland's searching test. 561

to Hutcheson of Monyruy, who aftenvard
parted with him at a high price to Bosvvell of
Kingcausie. He was winner of the Highland
Society's prize in 1840 and liis heifers gave rise
to many valuable Scottish tribes. He was the
sire of the cow Clipper, the matron of the
famous Cruickshank bull-breeding tribe bear-
ing her name. Billy (3151), The Pacha (7012),
Conqueror (6884), and Premier ((5308), all bred
by Barclay, were used in founding the Cruick-
shank herd.*

The Ury cattle of this date are said to have
possessed great scale and substance. In 1838
the original herd, which owed its excellence
very largely to Lady Sarah, was dispersed in
order, it is said, to replenish the Captain's
purse. The bull Mahomed seems, however, to
have been retained at Ury. The best lots in
this sale were the get of Monarch (4495). three
of whose daughters made over £100 each.
About eighty head were sold for a total of
£3,000. Lady Sarah at thirteen years old was
sold to Mr. Wetherell at 40 guineas Tt has
been asserted that she afterward became the

• Messrs. Cruickshank had In their herd at Slttyton at one time sixty fe-
males descended from cowh 8lrt»d by Billy i3l;'il). In color he was a hgM
roan, almoul whlio, with bro.ul forohoad. i-yos prominent and mild, horns
very short and polntlnir towanl his oars, carcass loajrthy and deep, on
short U'ps. He tiad also a very tino disposition. At eUrht years old his
live welpnt was 2..')00 lbs., and his plrth around the heart eljrht fetM four
Inches. He was v»ry h«-avy In front, but not so neat and (rood In his hind-
quarters. This description was jrlven by Mr. T. F. Janileson of Ellon.
Aberdeenshire, la the London (Kntr.) lAvT'Stock Journal for May K ISBa.

ad

562 A HISTORY OF SHORT-HORN CATTLE.

property of Hugh Watson, in which case slie
would be entitled to credit in connection with
the birth of the Aberdeen- Angus breed as well
as furnishing the foundation of the Aberdeen-
shire Short-horns. Speaking of this remark
able cow the late Amos Cruickshank once
said: "I question if ever there was a better
breed of Short-horns either in England, Scot-
land or anywhere else than the Lady Sarah
tribe."

About 1840 Barclay began another herd with
Mahomed at the head. He bought ten females
at a sale made by Hon. J. B. Simpson of Bab-
worth, in Nottinghamshire, and Wetherell pur-
chased some heifers and calves for him from
Burrows of Carleton Hall, near Carlisle. It is
stated that probably the best cow in this sec-
ond herd was Julia, a roan that carried more
or less Booth blood and was sired by Paganini
(2405). She became the dam of two bulls af-
terward extensively used at Ury — Pacha (7612)
and The Duke (7693). Paganini was full of Col.
Cradock's blood. The 2d Duke of Northumber-
land (3646) was hired for service from Mr.
Bates in 1842, but after serving a year at Ury
was transferred to Mr. Grant Duff's herd at
Eden, where he remained two years and got
one very good bull called Duplicate Duke
(6952). The Duchess bull nevertheless did not
leave a very good reputation in the North,

SCOTLAND S SEAliCUlNG TEST. oho

Duke (7593) was miother of his sons, wliich,
iilong with The Pacha, did most of tlie work
ill the herd during the remainder of its exist-
ence.

The final dispersion occurrt.'d Sept. 22, 1847,
with VVetiierell as auctioneer. Tiiere were
about ninety of the Ury cattle at that date,
I) lit prices were not so good as at the previous
sale. Frobahly the quality was not equal to
the original Lady Saiali lot. Forty-two cows
averaged tH4 14s. each, the highest being Ro.sa-
mond, by Sultan (5349), which went to Long-
more of Kettie at 73 guineas, and Molly, by The
Pacha, bought by Hay of Shethin for 71 guin-
eas. Campbell of Kinellar here laid the foun-
dation for. his afterward celebrated lierd ]\v the
purchase of two heifers by The Pacha. Thr
Messrs. Cruickshank of Sittyton were also l»uy-
<Ms. The ninety-one animals fetched an aver-
age of £31 Is. each.

Ury was undoubteilly the corner .stone of tlu'
Scottish Short-horn structure. The bulls from
the Barclay herd were used originally to cross
ii|»on the native black cows, and the iini»rove-
nient wrought was so api)areiit that |)n>bably
a majority of the herds of the district received
ail infusion of Ury blood. The result was a
dtMuand tor Short-horn bulls that Hnally turned
the att<Mition of such men as (iraiit IhifF of
Ldeii. I lav of Shethin. tht^ Cruickshanks of

564 A HISTORY OF SHORT-HORN CATTLE.

Sittyton, and many others to the production of
pure-bred Sliort-horns.*

Hutcheson of Monyruy. — John Hutcheson,
tenant of the farm of Monyruy, near Peter-
head, was the owner of a large granite quarry
that supplied many of the great blocks for the
London docks, and was also interested in the
whale fisheries. He made a capital start in
Short-horn breeding in 1837 by the purchase of
Capt. Barclay's Billy (3151), above mentioned,
and secured females from B. Wilson of Bra-
with, Fawkes of Farnley Hall, Rennie of Kin-
blethmont, and others. He also bought in Eng-
land the great prize-winning bull Sir Thomas
Fairfax (5196), of Whitaker's breeding. The
bull was eight years old at the time of its pur-
chase in 1845, and, although he was of massive
character and had never been defeated in the
South, long-continued training for the show-
yard proved his ruin, as he died six months

•McComble of Tillyfour, who knew Barclay well, says: "Though he
remains without a national acknowledgement of his merits, no man de-
served better of the farmers of Scotland, for he was their firm supporter
through life, in good and bad report. * * * i have been many a day in
company with him and have the most vivid recollection of him as he ex-
amined the stock in a show-yard. * * * He was a claimant of the Earl-
dom of Monteith. No one would have made any mistake as to Capt. Bar-
clay being a gentleman, although his dress was plain— a long green coat
with velvet collar, and big yellow buttons; a colored handkerchief; long,
yellow cashmere vest; knee breeches; very wide top-boots, with long
brown, dirty tops, and plain black hat, generally pretty well worn. * » *
His horses were the strongest and his fields the largest in the country. He
said, 'He did not like a field in which the cattle could see one another every
day.' * • * He was found dead in his bed In 1854; and in him the tenant
farmers of Scotland and the poor of his own neighborhood lost one of their

best .triPndB."

Scotland's searching test. 56o

after being taken to Scotland, leaving but two
calves, both heifers. These grew up to be ex-
cellent cows, one of which, Edith Fairfax, was
bought by Messrs. Cruickshank, leaving some
good descendants at Sittyton. The other. White
Fairfax, became the ancestress of a good family
in the herd of James Bruce of Inverq^uhomery.
Speaking of these Fairfax heifers Mr. Jamieson,
to whom the author is indebted for many val-
uable facts in relation to the early Aberdeen-
shire herds, says: "Edith Fairfax was out of
a fine breeding cow called Fancy, by Billy
(3151), while White Fairfax's sire and dam
were by Billy. The latter seemed to have put
constitution into everything he got."
s^ In 1847 Hutcheson visited England in com-
"pany with Mr. Amos Cruickshank''' and hired
from Warlaby the bull Fitz Leonard (71 Ki)
at 80 guineas the season. He was shipped by
steamer to Hull and walked thirty miles to
Monyruy where he was retained two years.
Fitz Leonard was described by Peter Boddie,

• "Juat as tho Scotchmen were startliiK'," says J.itnleeon. "a letter came
from Peterlieatl saying that Ilutcheson's ship, the Traveller, had arrived
from DavlB Straltu with a tnimper car»ro of oil. He therefore rt'solvt-d to
Bet about thlnpa In proper style. On reachliijr Hull a carriage waa char-
tered with a pair of H|)ankliifr horsea and the two Alx^rdonlanB drove
llirouKh tho Northern countlcM Inapeotlufr the varkms hertls. Mr. Crulck-
Hhaiik had ai-t hla heart on l>iiyln).' a fine bull called Fairfax Koyal. bred by
Torr. and to U- sold at an approachlnjr sale at \V:ilkerln»:hani. Knowlnjr
the hlph Hplrlta of hlw companion he dreadixl that Hutcheson mlcht take a
fancy f(>r tlie aame animal and bt> an oppv>iieni at the sale, but, a« hick
would have It, Klchanl Booth came on the scene and carried Hiitoheson Off
wUh him to Warlaby. where heooucludcd the biriraln for Flu Leonard."

566 A HISTORY OF SHORT-HORN CATTLE.

Hutcheson's herdsman, as a lengthy enough
beast but not very broad; with shortish legs
and good enough quality. In the language of
the old cowman, "the warst thing aboot him
was his heed." Although he proved something
of a disappointment in Scotland, and Amos
Cruickshank averred that he would not have
used him at all, yet on his return to Warlaby
Fitz Leonard sired Mr. Booth's world-famous
Crown Prince (10087). The Hutcheson herd
was dispersed in 1852, some of the best cattle
going to Sittyton.

Grant Duflf of Eden. — The farm of Eden was
a small estate along the banks of the River
Deveron in Northwestern Aberdeenshire, on
the Banffshire border, and between the years
1839 and 1854 one of the best of the early Scot-
tish herds was there maintained. Mr. Grant,
as he was known in his earlier manhood, had
been in the employ of the East India Co. and
had acquired reputation as a man of fine judg-
ment in that service in Bombay. It was upon
his inheriting the property of Eden that he as-
sumed the name of Duff. He set about the
formation of his herd with a determination to
possess as good cattle as could be found in all
Britain. He visited the Short-horn breeding
districts of England and bought some of his
first cows from Chrisp of Northumberland.
From Mr. Crofton he bought the bull The Peer

Scotland's searching test. 507

(5455). Heifers were obtainerl from the Earl
of Carlisle and Benjamin Wilson of Brawith.
On one of liis l^^nglish visits he met Thomas
Bates, who succeeded in inoculating him with
somewhat of his own enthusiasm for his pet
strains. The result was the purchase of the
bull Holkar (4041), sired by Belvedere and out
of a cow having two crosses of 2d Hubback.
He was a good individual, four years old, deep
red in color, with a few white patches, and was
taken to Eden in May, 1840, at a cost of £162.
Unfortunately he remained useful but a short
time. A few years later the 2d Duke of North-
umberland (364G), that had been on hire at
Capt. Barclay's, was leased for service. He
was not as good a bull as Holkar, being harsh
in his hair and possessed of a vicious disposi-
tion, as well as a dark nose, but remained
at Eden two seasons nevertheless and sired
some good stock, including the two bulls Du-
|)]icate Diike ((U)()2) and Dnnnecker (7949), the
latter sold to Longmore of Kettie.

The show-yard victories of the Booths had
by this time begun to interest the North, and
an agent was disjiatched to Warlaby for a i)ull.
It is stated that he was offered the use of linck-
ingham (8289), then five years of age; but a**
that great sire was never an im|n'essive animal
Individ nally the ]U'0]iosition was not accepted,
and DulT's (l<»|)n( y proceeded to Kiiklevingtun.

568 A HISTORY OF SHORT-HORN CATTLE.

where he hired Duke of Richmond (7996), sired
by 2d Cleveland Lad (3408) out of Duchess 50th.
This bull was followed by two others of Bates
blood— Young 4th Duke (9037) and 11th Duke
of York (11399); both bred by G. D. Trotter,
near Darlington. While it thus appears that
the majority of the Eden bulls were of Bates
origin, there was another sire, introduced from
the herd of Wilson of Brawith, that proved
perhaps a better stock-getter than any of them
save Holkar. This was Robin-o'-Day (4973),
sired by Mr. Wiley's Carcase (3285).

Brawith Bud. — The best cow ever intro-
duced into the herd and one of the most val-
uable ever taken into Scotland was the red-
and-white Brawith Bud — the highest-priced
animal at the Brawith sale of 1841, the oppos-
ing bidders being John Booth of Killerby and
Mr. Maynard — two of England's best judges.
Grant Duff was one of the first breeders to
publish a private catalogue with foot-notes,
and in one of these is found the following:
"Although Brawith Bud was as well recollected
in this district (Banff) as any cow that ever was
imported yet, as this is intended as a record, it
may be as well to repeat that she was bred with
great care and highly prized by the late Peter
Consett of Brawith and left by him in special
legacy to his near relative, Benjamin Wilson,
who never intended to sell her. She cost Mr.

Scotland's searching test. 569

Grant Duff £178 19s., and paid him several
hundred per cent. She was a useful cow until
eighteen years of age and her sire was a good
bull when eighteen years old." This remarka-
ble cow had been bred from a line of bulls be-
longing mainly to Charles Colling s Old Cherry
tribe, receiving also a bit of Booth through her
dam's sire, Young Jerry (8177). She was to
Eden what Lady Sarah had been to Ury, her
descendants proving the best cattle in the herd.
Two of them, the heifers Second Mint and Pure
Gold, went into the Cruickshank herd, where
they gave rise to one of the best Sittyton fam-
ilies.

Numerous public sales were hold from the
herd at different times, so that the Eden stock
became well disti'ibutod thronghont the North-
ern counties. In 1S54 the entire herd was dis-
posed of at auction,* the sale being in charge

• Notwithstanding the fact that the 2d Duke of Northumberland did not
make a particularly favorable Impression In the North. It Is apparent that
Grant Duff believed th;»t the KlrklevlnKton blood would prove of value.
At the conclusion of his last annual catalopue, Issued (December. 1853) bc-
for»> his dispersion, we finti the followlnp:

"The sale of the late Earl Ducle. In Gloucestershire, has suamped a
value on Mr. Bates' blood, such as Mr. B. frequently foretold. The above
animals, with very few exceptions, have all more or less Klrklevtnirton
blood, which, fortunately, had been already partlall>- Infused Into the stock
of this district before the value in England exceeded all ordinary compe-
tition.

•AH the anlinnls Included in the above list, with the exception of two
c.iwB (Star Pairoda and Mantrinese> and one bull not yet selected, skrf In-
UMuled to he li\rludetl lii the dlspleulsh sale at Mains of Eden, on Wi-dnes-
day. 24th M.iy. 1H.>4. when their present owner must cease to shan^ In for-
wanlluK' that Important branch of riir;il economy, namely, the rearlnir of
the h<>Hi kinds of stock, hut he trtists a fair and ir»ini>n>us rivalry may pro-
lone and far excel our pr«>sent pr.iirresH In the Improvement of domeetlo
cuiuialu, which II has been his endeavor to aid .lud stimulate."

570 A HISTORY OF SHORT-HORN CATTLE.

of Mr. Strafford, at that time editor of Coates'
Herd Book and the leading auctioneer of Great
Britain. No better evidence of the quality of
the herd is required than is furnished by the
fact that among those who attended and pur-
chased were Messrs, Cruickshank, Torr, Tan-
queray, Longmore and others prominent in the
trade. The top price was 100 guineas, paid by
Tanqueray for a daughter of Brawith Bud.
Amos Cruickshank took Pure Gold at 91 guin-
eas, and other lots commanded up to 90 guin-
eas and 95 guineas.

Simpson and Buchan Hero. — Mr. Ferguson
Simi)son, tenant of the farm of Mains of Pit-
four, bred a good herd of Short-horns from 1835
to 1846. His chief claim to distinction rests
upon his production of the celebrated show
bull Buchan Hero (3238), winner of the High-
land Society's £100 prize at Berwick-on-Tweed
in 1841 as the best bull of any age, competition
open to all Britain.* He was a massive, deep-
bodied, short-legged roan, with a beautiful coat,
and was bought at Berwick by Jonas Whi taker,
afterward passing into the possession of Sir

*"The Druid" in his delig-htful reminiscences of Scottish flocks and
herds, published under the title of "Field and Fern,"' speaking of Buchan
Hero's victory at Berwick says: ''One of his greatest admirers who had
his eye to a ' crack ' in the palings on that memorahle day thus describes
the contest. ' I lookit, and they drew them, and they sent a vast o' them
back. Again I lookit, and still the Buchan Hero stood at the heed. They
had naedoot of him then. A Yorkshireman w^as varra fond of him. And
he wan: and Simpson selt him to Sir Charles Tempest for 200. It was a
prood day. that, for Aberdeenshire and Mr. Simpson." "

SCOTLAND S SEARCHING TEST. o < !

Charles Tempest at 850 guineas. A yearling
bull sired by liini brought 200 guineas. The
dam of Buchan Hero, a cow called Young
Broadhooks, produced a heifer, Eliza, that was
bought for Sittyton, and from her the cham-
pion show bull New Years (Jift (5771)0), bred
by Lord Lovat and sold to the Queen of Eng-
land, was descended. Indeed it is said that
this noted prize-winner resembled in essential
characteristics old Buchan Hero himself.

Hay of Shethin. — One of the most substan-
tial characters among all those who early gave
their attention to Short-horn l)reeding in tlie
North was William Ha}', tenant of Shethin,
one of the many good farms on the extensive
estates of the Earl of Aberdeen, situated in the
valley of the Ythan, near Tarves, and not far
removed from Collynie, Uppermill, Tillycairn.
and others since made famous by Duthie and
Marr, Before taking up with pedigreed cattle
Hay was one of the leading graziers and feed-
ers of this district and is credited v, ith having
been the first to ship bullocks by rail from
Aberdeen to the London market. McCombie
says that the bull Jerry that was brought to
Shethin from Rennie of Phantassie in 1S28 by
Alexander Hay, a brotlier of William's, was
the first Short-horn that ever crossed the River
Dee. This primal bull was white and was
both long-lived and j)rolili('. leaving a deep

572 A HISTORY OF SHORT-HORN CATTLE.

impression on the native black polls of the
district.

Hay began his Short-horn breeding opera-
tions by purchases from Barclay of Ury. Two
of his best cows, Molly and Clara 2d — both by
The Pacha — were bought at the Ury sale of
1847. From Molly came the family of Mysies.
The cow Vesta, bred by Robert Smith of Bur-
ley, became the ancestress of the Venuses and
Princess Royals, both of which have since be-
come prime favorites with the admirers of
Scotch Short-horns, but probably the best cow
obtained in England was Marion, from the herd
of Mr. Lovell, selected for ^Ir. Hay by one of
the leading cattle salesmen of London. She
produced the good stock bull Kelly 2d (9265).
besides becoming the fountain head of a fine
family of cows known as the Lovelys, after-
w-ard celebrated in the hands of Mr. Cruick-
shank, producing at Sittyton the prize bull
Scotland's Pride (25100), Lord Lancaster (26666)
and Lord Lansdowne (29128). Another tribute
to the remarkable breeding qualities of Simp-
son's Young Broadhooks w as to be seen at
Shethin in the shape of the splendid cow^ Scot-
land's Queen, descended direct from the dam
of Buchan Hero.

For a number of years home-bred bulls were
used, no less than five of which descended in a
direct male line from the bull Billy (SSS8) of

SCOTLAND S SEARCHING TEST. Oi-)

the Ury stock, fresh blood being brought in
each time through the dams. Some service
was also had from the good bull Robin o' Day
(4973) of Brawith breeding. :Mr. Hay had
brought his herd to a rare state of excellence
by 1850. There was no better in all Scotland.
In that year, along with the brothers Cruick-
shank, he attended the Bates dispersion where
he purchased, besides Waterloo 13th, the Duch-
ess bull Grand Duke (10284) at 205 guineas, the
highest-priced lot of the day. It is related that
before the sale began the Messrs. Cruickshank
had discussed with Mr. Hay the idea of a joint
purchase of the 4th Duke of York, which ^Ir.
Amos Cruickshank thought much the best bull
of the sale. Earl Ducie's opening l)id of 2(X)
guineas for that bull, however, scattered all op-
position at the start; so that the project of tak-
ing the bull to Scotland fell through with at
once. Grand Duke was a bull with mther
more length, both of liody and leg. than the
Scotch breeders desired, but was used two
years by Mr. Hay as an experiment. It was
thought that he made no imi»rovement in the
herd, and he was sold to S. 1'. l>olden of Eng-
land at tlie original purchase price. In Bol-
den's herd he j^roved more successful and was
ultimately sold to America at $5,000. The
l?ooih l)nil UNmI KiiiLrhf ill'.)!'.;), from Killerby,
was next in Hue. He liad been tirst as a two-

574 A HISTORY OF SHORT-HORN CATTLE.

year-old at the English Royal of 1852, and
headed the aged bulls at Aberdeen in 1852.
He was a compact, thick-set, short-legged, well-
tieshed bull, and in 1856 was sent to the Paris
Exposition. On the return trip he contracted
foot-and-mouth disease and was slaughtered
in Loudon.

Mr. Hay's death occurred in 1854 and his
herd passed into the possession of his son-in-
law. Mr. Shepherd, who, in 1856, bought the
bull Bosquet (14183), of Sir Charles Knightley's
breeding, and in 1858 Cherry Duke 2d (14265)
from Mr. Bolden. The latter made a great
record at the great Northern shows 1859-1861,
but was not specially satisfactory as a sire. In
fact, it has usually been claimed that the
Shethin cattle were better before the Bates,
Booth or Knightley bloods were introduced.
The herd was dispersed in 1863, at which
time it aggregated 134 head, including sixteen
Mysies, ten Lovelys and nine Waterloos. be-
sides a lot of Claras, Rosemarys, etc. The
event occurred Wednesday, July 29, Mr. Straf-
ford presiding. Messrs. Cruickshank bought
the eleven-year-old red Mysie 3d at 50 guineas.
Mysie 26th at 21 guineas. Princess Royal 5th at
46 guineas and Lovely 8th at 41 guineas. Mr.
Marr of Uppermill bought Princess Royal 6th
for 24 guineas. WilUam Duthie bought a pair
of Wanton heifers at 17 and 20 guineas. The

Scotland's SEAucnixo test, 075

Duke of Ricliiijond iiuule a number of pur-
chases and one of the Waterloos was bought
by Col. Pennant of Penrhyn Castle. Wales, at
51 guineas. The highest price was 64 guineas,
given by Mr. Wilson of Brayton for the heifer
Waterloo 21st.

CHAPTER XIX.

AMOS CRUICKSHANK OF SITTYTON.

To Ketton. Kirklevingtoii. Killerby and Ayles-
by we have now to add the name of Sittyton.
Mr. Bates, the elder Booth and William Ton-
did not survive to witness the crowning show-
yard and sale-ring triumphs of their favorites.
Amos Cruickshank, "the herdsman of Aber-
deenshire," more fortunate in that respect than
the great English breed-builders, lived to re-
ceive recognition both at home and abroad as
one of the few great constructive breeders of
Short-horn history. An inspiring story this of
Sittyton. Not a legend of Aladdin and his
lamp, but a plain, unvarnished tale of patient,
persistent, unfaltering pursuit of an ideal fol-
lowed over all obstacles to the goal of final and
complete success.

Born in 1808 and reared in the County of
Aberdeen, entering the ranks of the tenant-
farmers of the district at the period of greatest
activity and progress in the development of the
modern agriculture of the North: engaging in
the very thick of the fight for leadership in the
work of evolving a type of cattle suited to the

(576^

AMOS CKFRKSHAXK OF SITTYTOX.

AMOS CRUICKSHANK OF SITTYTO>'. 577

exacting requirements of his native heath;
competing with a class of farmers probaljly un-
matched in all the world in respect to the in-
telligence and skill with which they manage
their lands and live stock; leaving all beaten
tracks and marking out a distinctive policy of
his own; loyally supported in his task by an
enterprising brother-partner, the life and work
of Amos Cruicksliank looms up above all con-
temporary effort in the North of Scotland even
as Ben Nevis dominates in majesty the moun-
tain wilderness of the West.

A new type sought.— Amos Cruickshank
was a man with a well-detined purpose. Firm
as a rock in his convictions, steadfast to the
end in maintaining his views, he recognized no
test of value in cattle save that of demonstrated
ability to turn straw, turnips and -cake'" into
pounds, shillings and pence at a profit. Beauty
was to his severely practical eye but skin-deep
at best. Of itself it paid no rent. He never
allowed himself, therefore, in making his selec-
tions of breeding stock to lose his heart or head
to any beast, be it ever so "bonny," if it had
only graceful outlines or mere "sweetness" of
character to recommend it.

The Cruickshank creed demanded fii-st of all
"a good middle." The signs of rojistitntion
and digpstivo capacity in cattle present tb.^ir
most visible manifestations in the body rather

578 A HISTORY OF SHORT-HORN CATTLE.

than in the extremities. Vitality and feeding
quality were with Amos Cruickshank consid-
erations paramount. A broad, full chest, wide
back and deep ribs were his all-in-all. The
head had attention only as it gave some token
as to the vigor or probable capacity of the ani-
mal for feed-lot or reproductive purposes. The
rump carried cheap meat and was, in his view,
of wholly secondary importance. Level quar-
ters and fine fronts he fully appreciated, but if
the "middle" was weak the fault with him was
fatal. While not opposed to "finish," and fully
sensible of the value of "style," he took the
ground that, from the tenant-farmer's view-
point, if other and more vital qualifications
were wanting the Short-horn could not hope
to withstand the ordeals of the climate of
North Scotland or satisfy the close calculations
of feeders who wrested their forage from an
unwilling soil.

As for pedigree he had originally imbibed
something of the same contempt felt by Ren-
nie of Phantassie and Robertson of Ladykirk.
When in quest of stock to suit his purpose his
mind was an open book so far as the great
rival strains of blood were concerned. The
names of Bates, Booth, Towneley, or Torr
moved him to no expression of mere sentimen-
tal regard for the stock of the English leaders.
He listened witii comparative indifference to

AMOS CRUICKSIIANK OF SITTYTON. 570

the story of the Duchesses and viewed with
equanimity the rising reputation of Warlaby.
Cool and calculating, deliberate always, never
carried off his feet by the currents of fashion that
whirled round about the Short-horn breeders
of his time, it was with him always and for-
ever a question only of "what is best iov our
country, our agriculture, oiir people?" And so
he started out on the indifferent soil of Sittyton
of Straloch to rear a class of cattle that should
meet the Scottish want. Untrammeled by
prejudices, unmoved by the gongs and cymbals
of those who were attracting the attention of
the majority of his contemporaries, this silent
man of destiny, keeping his own counsel, re-
served and retiring beyond all his colleagues;
honest, faithful, upright and inflexilde in his
service in behalf of Northern agriculture, pur-
sued the even tenor of his way, often discour-
aged but never despairing, seeking in every
nook and corner of the United Kingdom for
material likely to aid in developing his herd;
testing tirst one blood and then another, until
linally a blade was found that cut the Gordian
knot for him and Scotland.

While the Sittyton herd was progressing to
its apotheosis it had the service of a succes-
sion of distinguished sires and show bulls. It
has been said that I\Ir. Crnickshank did not
participate in the 'wild hnnah" for "fashion-

580 A HISTORY OF SHORT-HORN CATTLE.

able" blood, because of the proverbial Scottish
piudeuce; that is to say because he was not en-
terprising enough to relax the partnership purse
strings for the purpose of securing specimens
of the prevailing popular sorts. This is alto-
gether lacking in truth. For years the breed-
ing farms and National show-yards of England,
Scotland and Ireland were visited in quest of
such material as approximated the Sittyton
ideal. There was nothing niggardly in a policy
that dictated the payment of $2,000 for individ-
ual bulls and nothing narrow^ in the plans that
finally brought the herd to a total of over 300
head of registered cattle — the largest in all
Britain.

The brothers Cruickshank.— Amos and An-
thony Cruickshank, who were jointly interested
in the breeding operations carried on at Sitty-
ton, were born and reared on a farm near the
little village of Inverurie, some fifteen miles
northw^est of the Aberdonian capital. Amos,
retiring by nature and preferring the peace
and quiet of rural scenes to the bustle of shops
and streets, devoted his attention wholly to
agricultural pursuits. Anthony decided to en-
gage in trade at Aberdeen, where he succeeded
in establishing a good business and subsequent-
ly acquired considerable local prominence in
commercial and banking circles. He was a
man of great energy and public spirit, and

AMOS CRUICKSHANK OF SITTYTON. 581

while the credit for the development of the
Sittyton Short-horns must be rested primarily
upon the sound judgment and practical sense
of Amos, still it must not be forgotten that it
was largely through the determination of An-
thony that such vigorous and persistent efforts
were made for so many years in the matter
of foundation stock. It was in a little back
room at Anthony Cruickshank's place of busi-
ness in the city of Aberdeen that the idea of
the Royal Northern Show was first conceived.
Barclay of Ury, Grant Duff and other kindred
spirits were called in conference and the result
of their deliberations was the establishment of
that afterward useful agi'icultural show associ-
ation. The Sittyton Short-horns were for a
long series of years exhibited at the leading
Scottish National and local shows, winning
their way to great public favor and general
patronage.

Anthony with his commercial instincts was
anxious to secure a reputation for the partner-
ship herd. He favored all schemes looking
toward tlie bringing of the Sittyton Short-horns
prominently before the pul)lic. He served, there-
fore, as an efficient " promoter." Amos soon de-
veloped a genius for priictical cattle-breeding.
Quick to detect faults he never allowed an un-
satisfactory sire to remain long in the herd no
matter at what cost a bull might have been

582 A HISTORY OF SHORT-HORN CATTLE!

placed in service. Philosophical always he re-
marked after having lost the $2,000 purchase.
Master Butterfly 2d, shortly after his arrival at
Sittyton : " It is the best thing that could have
happened, for he would only have done mis-
chief in the herd. He hasn't died a day too
soon."' He was not the man to '" enthuse" over
any beast, no matter how great its reputation
or its cost, unless he thought he could see some
indications that it would prove useful in devel-
oping the type of cattle sought. The brothers
therefore proved each useful to the other. To-
gether they gave the world one of its greatest
and most valuable herds.*

*" The two brothers made an excellent combination, but in some ways
were very unlike. Anthony was the keener, b. ig-hter, more intellectual
spirit of the two. He had a fine rich voice and dark bright eyes, the sparkle
of which denoted a high degree of intelligence. Amos was stouter built, of
a quieter and more phlegmatic type. The one was always ready to eon-
verse; the other was of the silent sort. No interviewer or newspaper cor-
respondent could make anything of Amos: even the genial 'Druid' failed
to draw him. Anthony would discuss the merits of an animal in detail, be
it Short-horn or Clydesdale, and give a reason for the faith that was in him;
but it required almost a surgical operation to get any deliverance on the
subject from Amos. 'A good beast' or 'Not a good beast' was about all
you might expect. Anthony attended to the herd-book entries, the adver-
tising and cataloguing of the stock, and, I believe, named all the animals,
but the practical management of the farms and herd devolved, of course,
on his brother. In their numerous purchases of stock Anthony looked
much to show-yard reputation and pedigree, Amos almost entirely to the
personal appearance of the animal itself, and he had his own notions of
what constituted a good sort. ' I had often great battles,' he told me, ' with
Anthony about the bulls we were to use. A vast deal of money was spent
in the purchase of animals that did no good whatever. Amos did not
bother much with the herd book, and I am told could seldom be got to look
at it. In this respect, I believe, he resembled Richard Booth, Wilkinson of
Lenton and many other noted breeders. His brother's object in a large
measure was to make the undertaking a commercial success. He studied
what would attract and please his customers. Amos, on the other hand,
had the eye of a breeder and strove to get his animals of the type that
pleased himself. He seemed to have an intviitive knowledge of what con-

AMOS CRUICKSIIAXK OF SITTYTON.

)S3

Anthony Cruickshank died in LS79 at the
age of sixty-six years. Amos lived to be
eighty-seven years of age, passing from the
scene of his long and useful life at Sittyton
May 27, 1895, the herd having been closed out
at private sale as an entirety in lb89. Like
many other of the most noted Short-horn
breeders of the century he never married. He
was wedded only to the herd that received
for such an extended period his most earnest
thought and devoted attention. A devout
Quaker he carried into his daily life the sim-
ple, upright, kindly teachings of his faith, it

stltuted a g-ood boast and the development of that which la known as the
Cruickshanli type of Short-horn I believe to have been almost entirely due
to Amos.

" His success as a breeder was no doubt due to the patient, ijcrseverlng'
nature of the man, his innate turn for the pursuit, and also, perhaps. In
some degree to the fact that he was totally devoid of any sentimental no-
tions about ' blood' and pedigree. He looked at the animal squarely as it
stood before him; If it did not come up to his standard It mattered not what
the pedigree was or who the breeder. I remember visiting him on one occa-
sion shortly after the arrival of some cows fronj a distant herd, wlilch had
been taken in exchange for an ociual number from Sittyton. They had
splendid pedigrees of great length, with Koau Duchesses and I know not
what, all running back to Frederick. Belvedere and many a far-famed sire,
but they lacked the substance, flesh and hair which Amos loved. As he
pointed them out lie could not conceal his dissatisfaction. Not one of them
would please him. I ventured to remark that some of them looked to be
milky. 'Tliey m;iy have some milk,' said he, gloomily. ' but that Is about
the only good ihiiiK- al>out them." Long exi>erlenoe and observation had
made him a very thorough Judge. For half a century he h.id watched over
a herd of Short-horns which for many years w.as the larfrest In the king-
dom, and which sent out animals that have m.ide the fortunes of many
other herds, not only in this country but In other lands. He enjoyed a lonjr.
healthy life, duepanly to his good constitution and also to his n^jrular. tem-
I)erate habits. Notwithstanding his great age his mind remained wonder-
fully clear to thi> very last. He was a type of chanicter rarely met with
nowadays; so free from all vanity, affectation and humbug, so unpreti-nd-
ing, simple and true. As some one well .said. • Thero wa8 only one .\moa
Cruickshank and he is gone." "— T. F.Jamie-son in London (Kn^.) IAv«-Stock
Journal.

584 A HISTORY OF SHORT-HORN CATTLE.

is indeed not recorded that lie ever spoke ill of
any man. Given little to speech it was with
difficulty that even his best friends could draw
him out. The house in which he lived and
died at Sittyton was a modest one, as befitted
the character of its tenant. He was very fond
of his shrubbery, vines and flowers, and here,
far removed from "the madding crowd," he
worked out in his own original way the great
IH'oblem that confronted the cattle-growers of
his time in the North of Scotland.

The farm of Sittyton. — The farm upon which
the Messrs. Oruickshank began their breeding
operations is situated about twelve miles north-
west of the granite city of Aberdeen. From
the roadway leading to this, the foremost nur-
sery of Scotch-bred Short-horns, one may catch
upon the east glimpses of the Grerman Ocean
and toward the west, when the air is clear, the
outlines of the distant Grampians. It consists
of about two hundred and sixty acres, consti-
tuting a part of the estate known as Straloch,
It has no natural advantages adapting it to
successful cattle-breeding from the standpoint
of those accustomed to the fertile and well-
sheltered farms abounding everywhere in Eng-
land and America. When Amos Oruickshank
took possession in 1837, at the age of twenty-
nine years, the land was in poor condition and
stood greatly in need of buildings, as well as

AMOS CRUICKSHANK OF SITTYTON. 5S5

drainage, but he went to work w^ith a will;
the necessary improvements were ijrovide<l
and an immediate start was made with Short-
horns. Some ten years later the herd had in-
creased to proportions that made it necessary
to take a lease of the neigld^oring farm of
Clyne, rendering al)0ut five hundred acres of
land available. This sufficed for a time, but
the breeding operations were carried forward
on such an extensive scale that it was found
desirable to increase the holding still further
by leasing another adjacent tract of about one
hundred and thirty acres, known as Longside.
Still their ambition was unsatisfied, and in
1855 the brothei's ol)tained control of the tine
farm known as Mains of Udny, some five
miles distant, bringing the total area under
their control up to DOO acres. The herd at-
tained a membership of more than three
hundred head during the period of its greatest
(expansion, say between the years of 18()0 and
1870, and a lease of the small tract known
locally as Middleton gave them possession of
fully l.OnO acres. Ai)()uf 187-^ the lease of
Longside torniinatod and a few years later
that of Mains of Udny. necessitating a large
reduction of the herd. In the latter years of
Mr. Ciuickshank's life \\o was tenant of about
()00 acres, the herd nuuihering at the time the
last complete catalogue was issued I'JO head.

586 A HISTORY OF SHORT-HORN CATTLE.

General plan pursued. — Briefly stated, the
methods of the Messrs. Criiickshank did not
differ materially from those of the elder Booth.
Bates proceeded on the theory that a combina-
tion of certain bloods must necessarily produce
the type he sought. Thomas Booth and Amos
Cruickshank worked for type alone, utilizing
at first any good material attracting their at-
tention and finally "fixing" the desired con-
formation by resort to in-and-in breeding. In
the purchase of the foundation cows and heif-
ers for Sittyton choice was usually made of
those that seemed to possess good constitutions
and an aptitude to fatten. If milking qualities
were shown that point was also prized at its
full value. Cattle were draw^n from widely
separated sources, and w^hile Mr. Cruickshank
endeavored to adhere to one general ideal as
closely as possible, he was unable to collect a
cow herd which in point of uniform excellence
would satisfy his aspirations. Realizing that
the bull was the key to the situation, greater
attention was bestowed upon the selection of
sires than upon choice of females. Beginning
wdth bulls bought from Capt. Barclay, no stone
was left unturned for a quarter of a century to
obtain for service at Sittyton stock bulls of the
very highest order of merit. In the course of
that time nearly every leading herd and every
important show-yard in the Kingdom was

AMOS CRUICKSHANK OF SITTYTON. 587

visited in quest of sires of the desired type.
In this search no attempt was made at contin-
ing selections to any particular line of blood.
Tt was a question not of descent l)ut of typo.
It was not until after ISGO that the policy
of purchasing bulls for service was modified.
Up to that time, notwithstanding the fact that
a remarkable succession of noted Inills had
seen service in the herd," that uniformity in
essential characteristics which Mr. Cruickshank
so earnestly desired had not been attained.
When, therefore, the get of the home-bred
bull Champion of England (1752(3) made theii-
appearance the whole policy was changed and
a system of inbreeding begun. His stock ap-
proached- closely the Sittyton idea of what
a North of Scotland Short-horn ought to 1)P.
and for generations afterward the best of bi-
sons, grandsons and great-grandsons were kept
in service. From that time forward im-
provement in the matter of uniformity was
rapid. Latterly the stock bulls were all bred
upon the farm; the size of the herd and the

•McComble In bis Interestlntr llttU- volume ou 'Cattle and Cattle-BriN^-
ora" says: " Foremost anion? eminent breeders of Sbort-boma in the
North at the present time are the Messrs. Crulelishauk. Sittyton. Their
lame Is European; they own tlie l.nrpest her\l» of Short-ho. naln the wi>rld.
Ills only necessary to name Fairfax Koyal. Trinee Kdward F.ilrfax. Velvet
.I.ieket, Mat.idore. Loni SaokvlUe. The Uaron by Baron Warlaby, M.ister
Uuiterfly 2*1. John Bull, Lancaster Comet, Loni Rairl.in. Iv.inhoe. Lord
(iarlles. Mal.iohlte, Windsor Auk'iistus. Sir Jann-s the Rose and last, thotitrh
Mill least. Forth, to show the distlnffulshitl position their henl has tJiken.
Sntflee it to say that no other bretnler of Short-horns can claim bavlnr
owned such an array of Urst-clasa bulls."

588 A HISTORY OF SHORT-HORN CATTLE.

great variety of blood represented in it en-
abling Mr. Cruickshank to carry on his process
of concentration for many years with little
danger of deterioration.

To undertake an enumeration of all the vari-
ous purchases made for the herd would be a
useless task. Sittyton was represented for a
long series of years at every auction sale of
any consequence in Great Britain, and many
animals from many different herds and of vari-
ous lines of breeding were bought. Some of
these gave satisfaction and some did not. We
need allude here only to such as left some im-
press on the herd.

The first of the Violets.— It was in 1837 that
Amos Cruickshank laid the foundation for the
Sittyton Herd. In that year he made a pil-
grimage to the South in quest of Short-horns,
proceeding as far as the County of Durham,
England. With characteristic caution he re-
turned to the North with but a solitary heifer
as the fruit of his travels. The following year
he again visited England and secured about a
dozen heifers. These are said to have been
bought from a Mr. George Williamson of North
Lincolnshire, and one of tliem, Moss Rose, be-
came the maternal ancestress of a family after-
ward famous at Sittyton as the Violets. In
1843 Moss Rose produced to a service by the
Ury bull Inkhorn a dark-roan heifer that was

AMOS CRUICKSHANK OF SITTYTON. 589

named Red Rose, that became the dam of the
beautiful cow Carmine Rose, by Fairfax Royal,
which, bred to the bull Hudson (9228), dropped
China Rose, whence came Roseate, by Mata-
dore, the dam of the great roan Violet, by Lord
Ijathhurst (13173). Violet proved an extraor-
dinary breeder and her name was given to the
females tracing descent in their maternal line
from her. She was the dam of the grand cow
Village Rose, by Champion of England : the
prize-winning Sweet Violet, by Lord Stanley,
and Red Violet, by Allan, and of the roan stock
bull (hand Monarque (21867), by Champion of
England.

Venus tribe. — This sort at Sittyton was orig-
inally derived from a red heifer bought at a
sale lield by Mr. Rennie of Kinblethmont. For-
farshire, who was said to have been a brother
of Rennie of Phantassie. This was in 1841.
Venus was out of a cow called Dairymaid, bred
fi'om the stock of Roliertson of Ijadykirk. It
is stated that the immediate descendants of
Venus were "real good milkers, but rather
rough and bare of flesh." Later on, however,
they acquired the valuable general characteris-
tics of the best Sittyton stock, tliose descending
through Flora, by Fairfax Royal, and hergi-and-
daughter. Morning Star by Champion of Eng-
land, being perhajis the most highly prizod.
The bull Beeswing (I24r)()), sold to Canipbell of

590 A HISTORY OF SHORT-HORN CATTLE.

Kinellar, was a son of Flora. The Venus fam-
ily was retained until the final dispersion of
the herd.

The family of Mimulus. — A good Short-horn
cow was bought in 1841 from the Rev. Rol)ert
Douglas of the parish of Ellon, not far from
Sittyton. The minister was engaged in farm-
ing and had the reputation of being a first-class
judge. The cow in question had been bred by
John Rennie of Phantassie from a Ladykirk
foundation. At Sittyton she was bred to Ink-
horn and produced the heifer Phantassie, which
in turn left the heifer Maidstone, by Matadore.
The latter to a service by Lord Raglan pro-
duced Mistletoe, that was the dam of the ex-
traordinary red cow Mimulus, by Champion of
England. This cow was sold to Hon. John
Dryden of Canada, after having produced at
Sittyton the bull calf that subsequently devel-
oped into the great bull Royal Duke of Gloster
(29864), the sire of such bulls as Roan Gauntlet
(35284), Barmpton (37763), Grand Vizier (34086)
and Privy Seal (50168); and such cows as Cus-
tard, the dam of Cumberland, Souvenir, Silvia,
Lavender 17th, Garnish and Violet Queen. In
Canada Mimulus became the dam of the famous
bull Barmpton Hero that did splendid service
up to the age of fifteen years, contributing
many thick-fleshed, compactly-fashioned cattle
of the real Aberdeenshire type to various

AMOS CRUICKSHANK OF SITTYTON. 501

American breeding and show-yard herds. The
family of Mimulns was never numerous at Sit-
tyton and exerted its infiuence upon the herd
mainly through Royal Duke of Gloster.

Picotee and her progeny. — In 1841 a cow
called Sunflower, descended from Phantassie
and Ladykirk blood, was bought from James
Walker. She produced two heifers, one of
which, Picotee, gave rise to a numerous and
valuable family. Indeed Picotee herself at ten
years of age was one of the first-prize pair of
cows at Aberdeen in 1855. From her descend-
ed Joyful 2d, a first-prize heifer at the Royal
Northern of 1862; the handsome red cow Flor-
ence Nightingale, by The Baron; the great roan
Village Belle and the red British Queen, both
by Champion of England.

The Matchless sort. — A heifer called Pre-
mium, sired by George (2057) and in calf to
the Bates-bred Holker (4051), w^as bought from
Grant Duff in 1841. To the Holker service she
produced the heifer Matchless, considered one
of the best of her day in the herd and winner
of first prize at a Highland Show at Dundee.
She proved the first of a noted race of cinvs
l)earing her name, besides contributing through
her daughter Kindly a family of "Ks." of which
Kindness and Kindred wore early rojirosenta-
tives. This tribi^ was closed out in the reduc-
tion uf the herd in 1876.
ss

592 A HISTORY OF SHORT-HORN CATTLE.

The Broadhooks. — Eliza, by White Bull
(5643), a heifer that was au own sister to the
celebrated Buchan Hero (3238), was bought
from Hutcheson of Monyruy, and produced sev-
eral good bulls besides founding an excellent
family of cows known as the Broadhooks that
disappeared from the herd about 1870. Eliza
went back to the old Ladykirk stock. This
Broadhooks tribe was the same as that con-
tained in the herd of Lord Lovat at Beaufort,
that produced the champion bull New Year's
Gift (57796).

Origin of the Lady tribe. — Always on the
lookout for a good one, Mr. Cruickshank saw
and admired at the Edinburgh Show of 1842
the two-year-old heifer Amelia, that had suc-
ceeded in getting into the prize-list not only at
Edinburgh but at Berwick. From Amelia came
one of the best of the earlier Cruickshank
tribes, known as the "Ladys." Writing of these
a correspondent of the Banffshire Journal in
1864 said: "The most remarkable descendant
of Amelia is Grand Lady, out of Lady Louisa
and sired by Lord Sackville (13249). Grand
Lady is worthy of her name. She is a beauti-
ful roan and the very perfection of symmetry."

The Nonpareils. — A good red cow, called
Nonpareil 3d, came into the herd in 1844 from
the stock of Mr. Cartwright of Lincolnshire.
She proved a fortunate investment and gave

AMOS CRUICKSIIANK OF HITTYTON. 593

rise to the Sittyton Nonpareils that acquired
much celebrity throughout the Northern Coun-
ties. Several of the family were disposed of at
from 100 to 200 guineas each. Nonpareil 16th
of this line was a first-prize heifer at Aberdeen
in 1855. The demand for females of this sort
was extensive. Many were parted with and
some of the Nonpareils proved persistent bull
breeders; hence it came about that much to
the regret of the Messrs. Cruickshank the orig-
inal line disappeared from the herd about the
year 1864. A few years later the cow Non-
pareil 12th was bought at Mr. Cartwright's dis-
persion sale, but as a breeder she did not prove
as successful as the first purchase.

Sittyton Butterflys. — Upon the occasion of
the dispersion of Capt. Barclay's herd at Ury
in 1847 Messrs. Cruickshank improved the op-
portunity for making additions to their stock.
The first bulls used at Sittyton were of Try ex-
traction, and a number of females of Barclay
breeding were ' now secured. Among these
were Clara, by Mahomed, and Stiuwberry. liy
2d Duke of Northumberland. Although it is
stated that Strawberry was not so good an in-
dividual as Clara she produced at Sittyton the
famous l)ull i'ro I^ono Pul>lico, that was sold
to Lord Clancarty and after a noted career as
a prize-taker in Ireland was shown with suc-
cess at the Paris Exposition of 1856. Strawber-

594 A HISTORY OF SHORT-HORN CATTLE.

ry's daughter Bounty, by The Pacha, dropped
the splendid cow Buttercup, by Report (10704),
and she in turn produced the stock bull Baro-
net (16614). From her also was derived a great
set of cows known as the Butterflys, that proved
prolific breeders of the right sort of stock. In-
deed Buttercup was called one of the very finest
cows ever seen at Sittyton. She was a red, with
an exceptionally strong back and rib, and all
of her immediate descendants were similarly
distinguished. Butterfly 1st carried the High-
land Society's first prize in 1856, and Butterfly
4th was first at the Royal Northern in 1862.
The original Butterfly, by Matadore, was de-
scribed as "a deep-ribbed rather high-standing
red cow." She proved long-lived and produced
many calves, among others two bulls that saw
some service in the herd; to-wit., Lord Byron
(24363) and Royal Forth (25022). Butterfly 9th
of this family produced the red bull Breadal-
bane (28073), by Champion of England, that
was used for a time by Mr. Cruickshank and
imported into Canada in 1871 by H. Thompson.
The Ury cow Clara, above mentioned, became
the dam of the heifer Barcliana that produced
the noted roan stock bull Lord Sackville
(13249). Another one of the Barclay cows,
Emily, left a number of descendants at Sitty-
ton, one of which, Lucy, by The Baron, pro-
duced the bull Lord Chamberlain used in the

AMOS OIinCKSHANK OF SITTYTON. -jDrj

herd in 1864, and also the bull Lord Lyons,
bought by Mr. MaiT of Uppermill at the sale of
that year for 76 guineas.

Orange Blossoms. — This tribe, which has to
its credit the highest-priced Cruickshank cow
ever sold in America; to-wit., Orange Blossom
18th at 13,500, descends from the roan cow
Fancy, by Billy (3151), obtained in 1847 from
Hutcheson of Monyruy. Fancy's dam, Jessie,
had been purchased by Hutcheson from Rennie
of Kinblethmont, going back to the old Lady-
kirk foundation. Fancy did so well at Sitty-
ton that her daughter, Edith Fairfax, was also
!)ought from Hutcheson in 1851. She was one
of the two calves sired by the noted Sir Thomas
Fairfax (5196), that died at Hutcheson's. From
Kdith Fairfax some splendid Short-horns were
l)red at Sittyton, among others Queen of Scot-
land, by Matadore, whose daughter, Queen of
the South, was one of the greatest cows of her
day in all Scotland. She was a roan of splen-
did flesh and sul)stance, and as a yearling won
first prize at the Royal Northern of 1862, lie-
sides the Formartine Society's medal as the
best animal in the yard. Fnnn Queen of Scot-
land was also brc^d tho ofiginal (^I'ange Blos-
som, by Doctor Huckingham (14405), one of
whose daughters. Orange Blossom 2d, became
one of the acknowledged queens of the herd.
From this family also came the roan Delight,

596 A HISTORY OF SHORT-HORN CATTLE.

dam of the bull Diphthong, first-prize winner
at Aberdeen in 1862 and 1863 and challenge-
cup winner at the Royal Northern. From this
sort, also, sprang one of the greatest of all the
latter-day Scottish sires, William of Orange, so
celebrated in the herd of Mr. Marr of Uppermill.

Admah, Kilmeny 3d, and Eliza by Brutus.
— Cow^s introduced into the herd in the early
"fifties" that had descendants upon the farm
for many years were Admah, by Fitz Adolphus
Fairfax; Kilmeny 3d, by Robin o' Day, and
Eliza, by Brutus. The first-named came from
Hutcheson and was out of a cow by Richard
Booth's Fitz Leonard that had been on hire two
seasons at Monyruy. Her grandara had been
bought from Rennie of Kinb^ethmont. From
Admah came Aroma, by Matadore, whose
daughter Oakleaf, by The Baron, produced the
bull Royal Oak (22792), by Champion of Eng-
land, that saw some service at Sittyton. Kil-
meny 3d came from Grant Duff's, and her de-
scendants were maintained in the herd for
some years. Eliza, by Brutus, a red cow bought
from Mr. Cochrane of Glasgow Forest, acquired
distinction as the dam of Emily, by Lord Sack-
ville, that produced the stock bull Caesar Au-
gustus (25704). Eliza was descended from the
stock of Ben Wilson of Brawith.

Clipper tribe.— By the year 1852 the number
of females at Sittyton exceeded 100 head, but

AMOS CRUICKSHANK OF SITTYTON. 597

still the quest for good material went on. Dur-
ing that year there was bought from Mr. Bcjs-
well of Kingcausie, near Aberdeen, two cows
that exerted, perhaps, a greater influence upon
the fortunes of the herd than any other. These
were Verdant and Clipper. The first named
became the grandam of the celebrated Cham-
pion of England and will be referred to further
on in connection with the appearance of that
epoch-making sire.

Clipper, by the Barclay bull Billy (3151), was
a light- roan cow, not very large, "slightly hol-
low in the back, but very fleshy and of great
sul)stance." She was seven years old when she
came to Sittyton, and wasi descended from a
sort that had been in Mr. Boswell's hands for
several generations, tracing her maternal de-
scent from the Chilton herd of .Mr. Mason. It
is worthy of note that slie continued to breed
until fifteen years of age and produced her best
heifer, Cressida, by John Bull (11018). in her
fourteenth year. To the cover of The Czar
(20947) Cressida produced the good red-and-
white cow Carmine, whose daughters by Cham-
pion of England — Princess lioyal and Carmine
Hose — proved mines of bovine wealth. Indeed
this pair did mucli toward convincing Mr.
Cruickshank that in Champion of England he
had found the sire he long had sought. Jamie-
sou of Ellon tells us that in her day Caruiiue

598 A HISTORY OF SHORT-HORN CATTLE.

Rose was considered the best combination of
beef and milk in the entire herd ; that " her
bag would have excited the cupidity of a Lon-
don dairyman," and of the same extraordinary
pattern was her daughter Cochineal, which,
bred to Princess Royal's great son Roan Gaunt-
let (35284), produced the massive Cayhurst
(47560), used by Mr. Duthie, sold to Mr. Jamie-
son, and eventually passing to Mr. Sutton-Nel-
thorpe of Lincolnshire.

Princess Royal is said to have been a grand,
big roan, but not so great a dairy cow as her
sister Carmine Rose. As a breeder her influ-
ence in the herd was felt for generations. She
became the dam of /the four fine cows Custard,
Claret, Crocus and Chrysanthemum, besides
giving birth to the renowned Roan Gauntlet,
one of the most famous of all Sittyton sires.
Custard was a heifer of rare beauty from the
beginning, neat, but not large, and produced
the two bulls Cumberland (46144) and Commo-
dore (54118). She was specially strong in her
hind quarters, a characteristic that was inher-
ited by Cumberland, a bull that was extensively
used by Mr. Cruickshank in his later years.
Commodore grew into a bull that was the ad-
miration of his time, but unfortunately after
having been used for a short period with great
success died at sea en route for South America.

Claret carried the size and substance of her

AMOS CRUICKSHANK OF SITTYTON. 590

mother, but produced only two calves, one of
which was the fine sire Clear-the-Way (47604),
used at Cairnbrogie and by Bruce of Inverqu-
homery. The table-backed white Chrysanthe-
mum, that l)ecame the property of Mr. William
Duthie of Collynie on the final sale of the herd,
was the dam of the massive bull Chamberlain
(60461), th9,t passed into the possession of ]\Ir.
Philo L. Mills of Ruddington Hall. All in all it
is doul)tfLil if Sittyton ever produced a greater
breeding cow than Princess Royal. From this
same Clipper foundation came Mr. Duthie's
prize ball l^ride of Morning (64546).

The Victorias.— The first of this Mason-bred
tribe to enter the Cruickshank herd was Victo-
ria 19th,"by Lord John (11731), that was bid off
by Anthony Cruickshank at the sale of Mr.
Holmes of Westmeath, Ireland. Although full
of the best English blood she lacked the sub-
stance which Mr. Amos Cruickshank had inva-
rialdy insisted upon. On her arrival in Scot-
land she was sent to Mr. Hay's at Shethin to l)e
bulled by the Booth-bred Red Knight (11976).
and to this service produced the twin heifers
Victoria 29th and 30th. It is said that the for-
mer "had weak loins and was not good; the
latter much better, but left no female stock."
The dam was called delicate and the sort
showed no special nuM-it at Sittyton until
crossed with Champion of Kngland. That

600 A HISTORY OF SHORT-HORN CATTLE.

great sire seemed to bring them out. Victo-
ria 39th, by that bull, was a good one and bred
on to old age. Her heifer Victoria 41st, by
Lord Privy Seal, was of the right stamp and a
good breeder, producing the thick Victoria 57th
and the good stock bull Ventriloquist (44180).
The family improA'.ed with age under Mr.
Cruickshank's skillful crossing, and Victoria
48th, by Lord Lancaster, a cow of marked
merit, produced Royal Victor (43792), that be-
came the sire of Gravesend (46461). Of this
tribe also was the bull Vermont (47193), that
did good service in the herd of Mr. Campbell
of Kinellar, and Deane Willis' 500-guinea prize
bull Count Victor (66877).*

The Sittyton Victorias imported to America
have proved among the most valuable Scotch-
bred Short-horns that ever crossed the Atlan-
tic. The first to come out was the roan Victo-
ria 51st, by Royal Duke of Gloster (29864), im-
ported by Mr. Davis Lowman of Toulon, 111., in

* Althoug-h the Victorias had a pedigree running- back to " the beautiful
Lady Maynard " of Charles Colling"s herd the original females of this fam-
ily at Sittyton were not well liked by Amos Cruickshank. The old Scot's
Boswell, Mr. Jamieson, says: ''I remember passing through the byres at
Sittyton one day many years ago when we came upon a roan cow. ' This,'
said Mr. Cruickshank, 'is a Victoria; my brother thinks a great deal of
them.' With characteristic reticence he said nothing- as to his own opinion,
but I gathered from the tone that it was not quite so favorable. It was not
until their constitution had been renovated by one or two crosses of Cham-
pion of England blood that any bulls of the tribe were kept for service in
the herd." Latterly, however, the original defects were quite bred out and
the substance, flesh and feeding qualit.v for which Sittyton finally became
so famous was impressed upon the Victorias in common with the other
leading Cruickshank tribes

AMOS CRUICKSHANK OF SITTYTON. 601

1876. From this cow some of the very best
Cruickshank cattle ever seen in Western show-
yards and breeding herds have descended.
Probably the greatest success, however, ever
scored by the tribe in North America was
through the extraordinary record of imp.
Baron Victor (45944), a son of Victoria 58th,
as a bull-getter in the fine herd of Col. W.
A. Harris, Lin wood, Kan.

The Lancasters.— Three capital cows w^ere
bought at the sale from the fine old herd of
Wilkinson of Lenton in 1854 — Lancaster 16th,
Pomp and Roman IJth. Lancaster 16th pro-
duced the good Inill Lord Bathurst (1>J178),
that was sold from the herd l)efore his value
was realized. She was one of the first-prize
pair of cows at the Royal Northern of 1856 and
for one of her descendants, the handsome Lan-
caster 25th, Mr. Barclay of Keavil gave 150
guineas. She proved in calf at the time to
Mr. Cruickshank's Lord Raglan (13244), and in
April, 1862, gave birth to three heifer calves,
two of which, Anne and Mar}" of Lancaster,
won prizes at Kelso as yearlings. The latter
subsecjuently became the dam of imp. Baron
Booth of Lancaster 7535, whose remarkable in-
fluence in America in the herd of linn. .1. 11.
Pickrell has already l)een comnKMited upon in
these pages. Mr. Cruickshank hatl one weak-
ness, lie would occasionally put his best cat-

602 A HISTORY OF SHORT-HORN CATTLE.

tie in price to wealthy patrons. Tempting
offers induced him to part with the best of
these three Wilkinson cows — Roman 9th. The
Lancasters also got away from him, so that
after a few years he had nothing left from his
judicious Lenton purchase.

The Brawith Buds.— This celebrated Cruick-
shank family comes from the cow Pure Gold,
descended from the famous Brawith Bud al-
ready mentioned in connection with the opera-
tions of Mr. Grant Duff of Eden. Pure Gold
cost Messrs. Cruickshank 90 guineas at five
years old at the Eden sale of 1854. Old Bra-
with Bud had cost 160 guineas in 1841 and pro-
duced calves until eighteen years of age, dur-
ing all that period maintaining perfect health.
Amos Cruickshank considered her one of the
most remarkable cows he had ever seen. Pure
Gold was often exhibited, and carried home to
Sittyton many first prizes from Aberdeen. Like
her maternal ancestress she lived to a good old
age, in fact was the senior matron of the herd
for many years.

Pure Gold's daughter Golden Days, a great
milker and grand breeder, sustained the repu-
tation of her family for longevity. She gave
to the herd the three fine bulls Golden Rule, by
Champion of England; the prize bull Pride of
the Isles, by Scotland's Pride, and Lord of the
Isles, by same sire. Pride of the Isles was chief

AMOS CRUICKSHANK OF SITTYTON. 003

stock bull at Sittyton for a number of years,
leaving a most valuable progeny, including
such bulls as Cumberland (46144), Athabasca
(47359) and Shapinshay (45581). Lord of the
Isles was sold to Bruce of Inverquhomery, but
was afterward bought back because of' the
great service rendered by his brother. One
daughter of Golden Days, named Golden Morn,
was bought by Mr. Jamieson of Ellon and in'
his hands developed into an excellent l)reeder.
She was quite a dairy cow. Another heifer
from Golden Days retained by Mr. Cruickshank
was Golden Year. True to the traditions of
her tribe she rounded out a long life of useful-
ness in the herd. Among the most famous of
the Brawith Bud cows maybe mentioned Gilli-
ver. Garnish, Godiva and Glowworm; the line
that gave rise to Roan Robin (57002). Gondo-

mar(55S21), Gondolier (52950). Wanderer (GUl3b)
and other noted sires.

It is stated that the original Brawith Bud
cows at Sittyton, while presenting a satisfac-
tory broadside view, were somewhat lacking
in spread of lib. which characteristic was not
wholly corrected until the days of Champion of
l^^nghind. That they possessed remarkable con-
stitutions, however, is clearly apparent. They
were developed into great flesh-carriers as well
as good milkers and did much toward estab-
lishing the name and fame of Sittvton.

604 A HISTORY OF SHORT-HORN CATTLE.

Duchesses of Gloster. — This sort, like the
Victorias, owed its excellence at Sittyton to
the skill and judgment of Amos Cruickshank.
Although, like the Victorias, they were de-
scended originally from a very celebrated Eng-
lish cow; yet the female that brought the
blood of Magdalena, by Comet — the only cow
that Charles Colling reserved at the time of
the Ketton dispersion — to the Cruickshank
herd w^as not herself an animal of special su-
periority. The blood was acquired by purchase
of a cow called Chance, by Duke of Gloster
(11382), bred by Earl Ducie and bought in 1855
from a Mr. Robinson of Burton-on-Trent, who
had obtained her from Tortworth. She is said
to have been somewhat wanting in constitu-
tion and her first heifers produced only two
or three calves each. Her descendants were
named Duchesses of Gloster, and the first good
one of the line is said to have been the 7th
Duchess, sired by Lord Raglan. She had five
calves by Champion of England that measured
well up to Mr. Cruickshank's standard. In
fact, the Lord Raglan Duchesses of Glosters
seemed to "nick" particularly w^ell with the
Champion. It was this blending of blood that
produced the very handsome and thoroughly
satisfactory breeding bull Grand Duke of Glos-
ter (26288). This bull perhaps resembled
Champion of England more than any other of

AMOS CRUICKSHANK OF SITTYTON. fiOO

his sons ; unfortunately, however, he broke a
leg as the result of an accident at two years
old, leaving but few calves, all of which were
of pronounced merit. Among them was Royal
Duke of nioster (29864), that was not only a
bull of superb individual merit, but proved one
of the most valuable sires ever used in the
herd. Mr. Cruickshank always considered that
his loss of Grand Duke of Gloster was almost
irreparable.

The Duchess of Gloster sort was not largely
represented in the herd toward the last, but at
different times has thrown some of the most
perfect specimens of the real Cruickshank
type.

The Secrets. — Another one of Anthony
Craickshank's purchases w^as the cow Sympa-
thy, l)ought at Mr. Tanqueray's sale at Hendon,
along with the bull The Baron (13S33), in 1855.
She represented the Bates line of breeding and
was got by the Duchess bull Duke of Athol
(10150). She was in calf to The Baron at the
time of purchase and produced to that service
the heifer Sunrise. Sympathy afterward pro-
duced two heifers. Splendor and Si)londid. by
Lord Sackville ( UJ241)). Wliilo Sympathy and
Sunrise were rather tleticient in sul^stance the
Lord Sackville heifers were full of if. Mi-.
Cruickshank retained at Sittyton only tiu^ de-
scendants of this robust pair. The sort i)rovcil

606 A HISTORY OF SHORT-HORN CAfTLE.

prolific and constituted quite a feature of the
lierd up to tlie very last. Probably one of the
best of the Secret cows was Surname, dam of
the successful Collynie stock bull Scottish
Archer (59833). None of the Secret bulls were
used at Sittyton.

The Cicely sort. — In 1860 there was bought
from Mr. Morrison of Bognie an evenly-built,
low-legged, level-fleshed red cow, with white
marks, called Crocus, sired by Jemmy (11611).
She was bred to Lancaster Royal (18167), of the
Wilkinson Lancaster sort, and produced the
heifer Cicely, that became the ancestress of
some of the grandest cows Mr. Cruickshank
ever bred, including Courtesy by Scotland's
Pride, Campion by Roan Gauntlet, Circassia by
Champion of England, Cornucopia by Grand
Vizier and Corolla by Feudal Chief. Those
who were familiar with the herd in its prime
have always asserted that Courtesy and Cam-
pion were among the greatest cows ever pro-
duced upon the farm, possessing splendid sub-
stance and great scale. Mr. Deane Willis' fine
show heifer Cactus is of Cicely descent.

The Cicelys trace on the dam's side to the
cow Premium, by George (2057), that was
bought by Mr. Cruickshank from Grant Duff
in 1841 ; so that they are of kindred origin
with the Matchless sort already mentioned.

Avalanche. — Contemporary with Crocus was

AMOS PRnCKSHAXK OF SITTYTON. ('(07

the cow Avalanche, bought as a yearling at the
sale of Mr. Dudding of Panton in 1860. She
was a roan, sired by the closely-bred Booth
))iill Sir Samuel, and, although not particularly
strong as an individual, she left a heifer in the
herd. Anemone, by the prize bull Forth (17866),
tliat was fruitful of good results. Bred to the
Champion of England bull Caesar Augustus
(25704), Anemone produced Azalea, the mother
of the great Field Marshal (47870) — undoubt-
edly the grandest of all the latter-day Cruick-
shank bulls. She was also the dam of the good
sire Athabasca (47359), used with success ])y
Mr. Marr at Uppermill. Alma, a granddaugh-
ter of Anemone, was one of the best cows pro-
duced by the Avalanche tribe ; acquiring con-
siderable renown in the herd of Mr. Mitchell.
No bulls of this tribe were tried l)y Mr. Cruick-
shank.

Violette. — A rather plain-looking cow of
this name, that produced valua)>le stock when
crossed with Cruickshank bulls, was bought in
1860 at the sale of her breeder, Mr. Morrison
of Montcoffei'. Mated witli Cham})ion of Eng-
bmd she gave birth to thnM^ ciipital daughters,
known as Violaiite, Finella antl \'i(.'torine. To
(Irand Monarque she produced Vellum. Vio-
lante was a nol)lo cow and bred until fifteen
yeai's of age. Vellum produced the l>ull Privy
Seal ( •'')()"JI)S), that provt^l useful in the herd of

39

608 A HISTORY OF SHORT-HORN CATTLE.

Bruce of Inverquhomery. These daughters of
Violette were among the best cows of their
time at Sittyton.

The Lovelys. — As already stated in our ref-
erences to Mr. Hay of Shethin this Sittyton
sort was derived from the two good cows
liovely 6th and Lovely 8th, bought at the
Shethin sale of 1863. The family came orig-
inally from the beautiful cow Marion, by An-
thony (1640), that had been bought in England
from Mr. Lovell of Edgcott. Bred to Grand
Monarque (21867) Lovely 8th gave the Messrs.
Cruickshank one of the bulls that made their
reputation— Scotland's Pride (25100). She also
left the handsome cow Lovely 9th, which,
bred to Champion of England, produced Lord
Lancaster (26666), also used in the herd. The
Lovelys were prime favorites with Mr. Cruick-
shank, and he also put in service the bull Lord
Lansdowne (29128), a grandson of Lovely 6th.

Barmpton Roses. — The Sittyton branch of
this renowmed English show-yard tribe de-
scended from Butterfly's Pride obtained from
Col. Towneley in 1864. She was sired by the
champion show bull Royal Butterfly (16862),
and at the time of her purchase w^as in calf to
the Bates Duchess bull 2d Duke of Wharfdale
(19649). The produce was a heifer, Butterfly's
Joy, that was scarcely up to the family stand-
ard. The astonishing success of Towneley's

AMOS CRUICKSHANK OF SITTYTON. 000

great herd manager, Joseph CuLshaw, with the
Barmpton Roses in the great show-yards of
England, Scotland and Ireland, as well as at
the Paris Exposition of 1856, seemed to have
been due largely to the successful "nick" of
Booth blood, and that of the bull Frederick
(11489), with the Barmpton Rose base.* At
any rate the Bates cross, as represented by
Butterfly's Joy at Sittyton, did not seem to
produce equal results ; but a dash of the blood

♦The author regrets that Towneley has not that close Identiflcation
with American Short-horn breeding operations which has made It neces-
sary to discuss at such length various other British herds. Those who
write specially for English readers certainly have In Culshaw a character
unique In Short-horn history, and In his beauteous Butterflys and regal
Koan Duchesses an Inspiration that should tempt the dullest pen to flights
rhetorical. While the subject is of only collateral interest to America the
Short-horn breeding world claims the name and fame of Towneley as a
part of the common heritage. A few of the main facts relating to the herd
may therefore be here recorded.

The West of England, lilie the North of Scotland, developed some great
herdsmen. There is nothing like having to overcome obstacles to build up
mental power. The County of Lancaster is noted for its manufacturing
rather than for Its agricultural interests. It has within its borders those
great emporiums of trade the cities of Liverpool and Manchester. CoL
Towneley's home farm .adjoined Burnley, one of the smaller, but none the
less busy, Lancastrian centers of Industry. The soil was cold and sour.
Grain rarely ripened and roots gave up in disgust. The land was imper-
vious to drainage on account of its stiff clay subsoil; moreover it was en-
croached upon by tlie Burnley factorii-s and shops, and the smoke and
gases from tlie furnaces destro.ved mucli of the vegetation. Science could
avail little against such coiullfions so far as farming operations were con-
cerned. Nevertlieloss a Short-horn herd, probably the peer of any that has
ever e.xisted elsewhere, w:is here developed. Not man.v leagues to the
north was Holker Hall, where the Duke of Devonshire also scored a bril-
liant success. It is wortliy of note, however, that Culshaw came before
the birth of the Butterflys and that Drowry preceded the Grand Duchesses
of Oxford.

It was in 1848 tliat Col. Towneley got through that rare Judge Mr. East-
wood of Whiiewell, in the Valley of the Hodder, the twenty heatl of cattle
that brouglit lilm fame imperishable. At tlie sale of Henry Watson E.ost-
wood h,id bouglit tlie tine cow Buttercup, "a sort of yellow-rtxl. and like
Hubback lu her flecks," a daughter of iho celebrated Barmptou Rose. The

610 A HISTORY OF SHORT-HORN CATTLE.

of the great North-country show bull Forth,
through his son Allan (21172), seemed to bring
back much of the beautj'^ of the sort as dis-
played at Towneley. Bred to the bull last

latter was bred bj' Mr. Waldy of Barmpton. near Darling-ton. She was full
of Robert Collin^'s old Red Rose blood, and was a heavy-bodied, broad-
ribbed, deep-milking strawberry roan.

" He whom the g-ods call Culshaw,
And men on earth call ' Joe,' "
was under " Tom " Mason at Sir Charles Tempest's when Barmpton Rose
was brought from the Walkeringham sale to Broughton Hall, and her
buxom beauty made a deep impression upon the " future great " trainer
and breeder. When a mere lad Culshaw betrayed an irrepressible enthu-
siasm for th^ "red. white and roans." Upon one occasion he was sent
with a cow that was to be bred to a bull at Whitaker's, .and the brightness
of the boy and his interest in the cattle so attracted the attention of the
proprietor that he personally showed the youthful amba,8sador through
the Greonholme Herd in detail. That was indeed a great day for " little
Joe." Would that all of those who have such opportunities would evince
the same disposition to encourage young men who manifest a love for good
cattle !

Col. Towneley was a man of great wealth and many acres and engaged
Eastwood as his general manager. The latter 'vas fond of Killerby and its
Short-horns, and after buying Buttercup hired from John Booth the bull
Jeweler (10354), son of Necklace, " a short bull with a bad head and a light
neck, but with capital sides aud quality." Buttercup, served by this bull
and weak from an attack of " foot-and-mouth," and her half-sister Bessie,
another daughter of Barmpton Rose, in calf to Lax's Duke (9032), were in-
cluded in the lot that went to Towneley in 1848. The former dropped Bu^
terfly and the latter the great stock bull Frederick (11489)— the pair from
whence came those show-yard monarchs Master Butterfly (13311) and Royal
Butterfly (16862).

After having served a long apprenticeship under Mason at Sir Charles
Tempest's Culshaw was hired by Col. Towneley in 1849. He had been with
Mr. Ambler, the breeder of the celebrated Grand Turk (12969), for the pre-
vious eighteen months, and while there had taken Senator to the Royal
and defeated Mr. Bates' 2d and 3d Dukes of Oxford. Jeweler went with the
Eastwood cows to Towneley, and soon afterward the Booth-bred Lord
George (10439)— son of Birthday and sire of 2d Duke of Athol in the Airdrie
Duchess pedigree — followed.

The opportunity that Culshaw had so lon^ desired was now presented.
He had under his control at Towneley a rare good lot of cows selected by
Mr. Eastwood and Mr. Strafford. He was keen to try conclusions with the
best breeders and fitters of the realm at a time when show-yard enthusiasm
had been fanned into a fierce flame largely through the triumphs of the
Booths. With the active sympathy and support of his employers Culshaw
charged the entire line of opposition with oue of the most admirably

AMOS CKUICKSIIAXK OF SITTYTON. i J 1

named Butterfly's Joy produced the good cow
Barmpton Flower, which, mated with Royal
Duke of Gloster, gave Mr. Cruickshank the ex-
cellent stock bull Barmpton (37763), .famous
throughout America as the sire of imp. Baron

brought out collections of Short-horna the world has ever seen. Butterfly
herself opened the ball, and with her rich loins, beautiful bosom and won-
derful Quality walked through the show-riiigs of her time almost without ,
defeat. She had six living' calves, and after her frame was bent with age
produced Royal Butterfly that was seen as late as In his thirteenth year at
the National Show at Manchester. He was a noble, thick-fleshed roan with
wonderful thighs. It was in 1853 that Butterfly gave birth to the world-
famous roan Master Butterfly. After winning firsts and championships
over all Britain, and heading the great Gold Medal herd shown at the Paris
Exposition of 18£«, he was sold at the then extraordinary price of 1.200
guineas for export to Australia. Beauty's Butterfly was one of the most
noted of the winners and after gaining Royal honors, won at the London
Smlthfleld Fat-Stock Show, and returned to fresh triumphs In the breeding
rings the following year, earning for Culshaw a characteristic recognition
from Punch In verse under the heading "Joe's Lament." Space will not ad-
mit of our recording here even the names, much less the winnings, of the
Towncley cattle. Prom the years 1850 to 1SC4 they were constantly seen ct
the leading exhibitions of Kngland, Scotland and Ireland, winning upward
of $10,000 In cash besides twenty-two challenge cups. Culshaw was not
only the prince of all "trainers'' of his time, but had most extraordinary
success in holding his show cows to their work as breeders. Richard
Gibson, who knew him well, submits the following tribute: "Mr. Culshaw
was one whose name will be Identified with Short-horns long after many
of his contemporaries are forgotten. Of a Quiet, unobtrusive temporamem-
still he had .-i forceful manner; his word was trustetl. but in his strong
provincial dialect he liad more power with which to express himself than
had lie been load<xi to the muzzle with Latin and Greek. Of him it Is said
that his equal had never been who could keep on showing successfully and
have his show cattle br^cd regularly and keep on producing winners. He
graduated from a good school, his father being employed at Sir C. Temp-
est's, and under Tom Mason he and his half-brother, George Moore (still
at Holker). made for themselves r«M)utatlons that will be ever green.
Moreover, from the same school was sent forth James Knowloa. whose
name w:is so intimately connected with the herds of Lord Ducie and of
Col. Gunter."

A second herd was bogtin by Col. Towneley shortly after the dispersion
of the original stock in ISi'A. Some of the Butterfly cows were bought b.ick,
but B;ites lilood i->redomluati'<l. Royal Butterlly had b«H>u reservtnl at tlie
closlng-out sale at .•in upset price of l.'^iO giitncas. The Bates-bred Baron
Oxford, however, was the principal 8ln> used In the second herd. Some
Oxford females were also !Kld('d. The show-yards were again Invaded .-ind
daughters of Barou Oxford were winners at the Mauchestor, Oxford and

612 A HISTORY OF SHORT-HORN CATTLE.

Victor, the bull that fairly made the herd of
Col. W. A. Harris of Linwood. An own sister
to Barmpton Flower, known as Butterfly's
Delight, produced the bull Barmpton Prince
(32995), by Viceroy, that w^as chosen for ser-
vice in the herd. He had to be sent to the
butcher, how^ever, at an early age as the result
of a broken leg, and left but few calves, all of
excellent character. Mr. Cruickshank earn-
estly desired to introduce the Barmpton Rose
blood into the herd, and used another bull from
Butterfly's Joy, known as Ben Wyvis (30528).

The Spicys. — There was bought from Mr.
Milne of Kinaldie, Aberdeenshire, in 1868, a
cow known as Spicy 4th. She was a daughter

Cardiff Royals from 1869 to 1872. The second herd was closed out in 1873 at
high prices, as noted in a previous chapter.

Col. Towneley received some great prices for his pets at private treaty.
Doug-las of Athelstaneford gave 500 guineas for Ringlet, that became the
dam of his 500-guinea Queen of Athelstane. For Prederica and Lalla Rookh
Mr. Thome paid 700 guineas. The former had been the first-prize yearling
at the Lewes Royal, but was accidentally killed at sea. The great Towne-
ley sale of fifty-six head, of which twenty-eight were Barmpton Roses,
proved one of the most memorable in English Short-horn history. A com-
pany of not less than 3,000 persons assembled and competition for the best
lots was active between the best breeders of the Kingdom. Royal Butter-
fly's Duchess fetched £500 and the bull Royal Butterfly 11th £400 from the
agent of Sir William Sterling Maxwell for his Scottish herd at Keir to take
the place of Forth that had been sold to Messrs. Cruickshank. The general
average of the sale was £128.

The Towneley Butterflys were specially distinguished for their fine
style, finish, quality and long, level quarters. While somewhat on the up-
standing order, they were of a substantial mold, possessing gay carriage
and stepped like "hunters."

All hands at Towneley were fond of a good horse. Kettledrum, a Derby
winner, and the "king bull" of his day. Royal Butterfly, were in the Towne-
ley stables at the same date. Eastwood and Culshaw owned Butterfly,
winner of The Oaks and other races, adding to the herdsman's bank ac-
count not less than $10,000. "Joe" had named the filly "after 'tauld coo."

AMOS CRUICKSHANK OF SITTYTON. f')18

of a COW that had been brought from the herd
of Mr. Harvey Combe of Cobham Park, Surrey,
Eng., who had ol)tained the family originally
from the Earl of Carlisle. Spicy, by Marma-
duke (14897), the cow taken from Surrey to
Al)erdeen by Mr. Milne, had the reputation of
l)eing an extra good one. At Sittyton her
daughter Spicy 4th, bi-ed to Champion of
England, gave birth to the fine cow Silvery,
the ancestress of an excellent, although not
numerous, family. To this source the bulls
Strongbow (52230) and Sea King (61769) traced
their maternal origin. Strongbow was used
two seasons by Mr. Cruickshank. and one of
his get — the bull Norseman (56233) — entered
the herd of Her Majesty Queen Victoria at
Windsor. Of this same sort also was the roan
Spicy Robin (01J()3.'5), the pick of the Deane
Willis bulls of 1895 and sold at twelve months
old for 250 guineas.

The Lavenders.— Mr. Cruickshank ulways
regretted lia\ing parted with the Wilkinson
cows previously mentioned in our references
to the Lancaster family, and he made repeated
efforts to recover some of the original Lenti^n
l)l()()d, for which Ik^ had tlu^ highest resj^ect.
Some dilticulty was nuM with, liowever. in
again a('(iuiring satisfactory representatives of
that not(^d Nottingliam iierd. .\ fi^w of tlio
liebes were linally obtained from Messrs. Dud-

614 A HISTORY OF SHORT-HORN CATTLE.

ding of Panton, but they proved ansatisfactory
and were soon disposed of. From a Mr. Harris
of Worcestershire a Lenton Lady and a Lancas-
ter were then obtained, but they also proved
disappointing. It was not until 1870 that the
original Lenton threads were gathered up suc-
cessfully. In that year some Lavenders were
obtained from Mr. Butler of Badminton, who
had purchased the matron of the family in his
hands from a Mr. Logan of Newport, Ireland,
who had got the blood direct from Wilkinson.
Mr. Cruickshank bought these Butler cows
solely on account of their Lenton origin, in
spite of the fact that the intervening crosses
had materially modified the original type. At
first they did not promise the desired results,
but after being subjected to several infusions
of Sittyton blood they began to justify his
faith. It is stated that Lavender 16th, by Lord
Lansdowne, and Lavender 17th, by Royal Duke
of Gloster, and their descendants were much
the best of the tribe. Lavender 17th was con-
sidered the best heifer of her year in the
herd and matured into one of the great cows
of her time. Lavender 16th possessed great
scale and produced many calves, among others
the bull Feudal Chief (51251), used in the herd
at the very close of its career. Some of the
best Cruickshank females we have had in
America were of this Lavender family, and it

AMOS CRUICKSHANK OF SITTYTON. f5l5

has to its credit in recent years in England the
production of Mr. Deane Willis' Koyal prize-
winning bull Count Lavender (60545).

First Sittyton bulls. — The first Sittyton sires
came from Barclay of Ury. While the founda-
tions were being laid cows and heifers were in
many cases sent to be bred to bulls on neigh-
boring farms. Notably that of James Walker
of Wester Fintray, afterward well known in
the Aberdeen- Angus trade. Walker liked a
good Short-horn, and among the Wester Fin-
tray bulls patronized by Mr. Cruickshank were
General Picton (3876) and Sovereign (7539).
The first Barclay bull purchased was the white
Inkhorn (6091), whose name was derived from
the farm from whence he came. Barclay, like
Robertson and Rennie in the South, had been
somewhat indifferent in reference to herd book
registration. Inkhorn traced on his dam's side
to the best English foundations, as set forth in
the herd book, but his sire is not given. The
bull calves Chancellor (5850) and Premier
(6308), both bred by Capt. Barclay and both by
Mahomed (6170), were next purchased. Pre-
mier, out of the cow Mary Anne by Sillery,
was retained, and Chancellor sold to i\Ir. Bruce
of Heatherwick. The latter, however, turned
out to be the better bull. Then came Con-
queror (6884), bought as an aged bull. He was
also of Ury l)lood and by Mahomed.

616 A HISTORY OF SHORT-HORN CATTLE.

Fairfax Royal (6987).— The first of the long
line of distinguished bulls used at Sittyton was
Fairfax Royal (69S7), a rich dark roan, bred by
William Torr. He was bought in 1845 as a
two-year-old for 150 guineas at a sale made by
Mr. Watson of Walkeringham, who had given
100 guineas for him as a calf. According to all
the accounts that have been handed down con-
cerning the earlier Sittyton stock, and judging
by the illustration in Vol. VI Coates' Herd
Book, Fairfax Royal was a bull of outstanding
merit, full of substance, flesh and hair. He
was sired by Lord Adolphus Fairfax (4249) out
of Fair Rosamond, and was a prime favorite
with Amos Cruickshank. He was a first-prize
bull at Aberdeen in 1847, and in the opinion of
those who knew the best of the North Scottish
bulls, ranked with the famous Forth as one
of the best bulls ever owned in Aberdeen-
shire. Jamieson states that his heifers had
this peculiarity that many of them would not
breed until three years old, but when once
started bred regularly and well. Several, how-
ever, were sold fat to the butcher before this
was discovered. The same authority says: "I
remember having seen the cow Carmine Rose,
by Fairfax Royal, whose name appears in the
pedigree of the Violet family. She was a grand
beast, very fat and had been put to the plow
for awhile to get her to breed."

AMOS CRUICKSHANK OF SITTYTON. f»17

Hudson (9228), Report (10704) and Velvet
Jacket (10998).— At the English Royal Show
of 1848 the first-prize bull in the class for
yearlings was Hudson (9228), bred by W. Lin-
ton of Sheriff Hutton, Yorkshire. Being in
need of a bull Amos Cruickshank went to see
him and although not particularly impressed
bought him — it is -stated because he could not
suit himself better at the time — for use at Sit-
tyton. Hudson was a yellow-red, somewhat
lacking in scale, but possessed of exceptional
quality, and won second at a Royal Northern
Show. He was kept in service two years and
two of his daughters, both possessing his golden
skin and quality, were retained for breeding
purposes. One of these was China Rose out of
the Violet cow Carmine Rose above mentioned.

Resort was next had to the herd of S. Wiley
of Brandsby, from whom was hired the roan
bull Report (10704), described as "neat and
compact, but smallish; and chiefly remembered
as the sire of a remarkably fine cow. Buttercup,
which had both substance and style in an unu-
sual degree." Fair success seems to have at-
tended the use of the Wiley bull.

The roan Velvet Jacket (101)^8). bred by Mr.
Un thank, was bought in 1850 from Douglas of
Athelstaneford, whose East Lothian herd h;i<l
leaped into fame as a result of some remarka-
ble show-yard victories. Bred to Rose of Au-

618 A HISTORY OF SHORT-HORN CATTLE.

tumn, one of the greatest of the Douglas cows,
Velvet Jacket sired the celebrated Rose of
Summer. Before she was developed, however,
Amos Cruickshank offered Douglas £50 for the
bull, which was accepted and he went to Sitty-
ton. It is said that "Amos considered him a
good-looking beast, but happening soon after
to see his dam he thought her so very bad that
he sold Velvet Jacket at the first opportunity."
What few calves he sired while in the herd
made no special mark. He was winner of first
prizes at the Highland, Royal Northern and
Ro3^al Dublin Shows.

Matadore (11800). — None of the earlier Sit-
tyton sires proved of more practical worth than
the dark-roan Matadore (11800). At the time
he was introduced into the herd the females
numbered about 120 head. This was in 1853.
Matadore was bred by Mr. W. Smith of West
Rasen, Lincolnshire, Eng., and was an own
brother in blood to one of the most valuable
cows ever imported into America; to-wit., the
red-roan Mazurka for which Mr. Alexander
paid 13,050. Both were out of the fine cow
Moselle, by Baron of Ravensworth (7811); and
both were sired by Booth bulls — ^ Mazurka,
by Harbinger (10297), and Matadore, by Hope-
well (10332). Mr. Cruickshank purchased from
Mr. Smith at the same time another son of
Hopewell, called Bushranger (11228), and

AMOS CRUICKSHANK OF SITTYTON. 619

thought the latter rather the better of the
two. He practically failed to breed, however,
and was soon turned off.

Matadore is said to have been a bull of fine
quality, with a capital skin and hair and strong
in the loin; his fault being some little lack of
width through the chest. He responded read-
ily to feed, and had been first at the Yorkshire
Show of 1851 as a yearling. He was first at
the Highland Show at Perth in 1852 as a two-
year-old and first at the Royal Northern of
1853. He was used in the herd for four years
with much success. He was specially distin-
guished as a bull-getter; his sons used in other
Scottish herds giving the best of satisfaction
and doing much toward establishing the repu-
tation of Sittyton. Among these were Mag-
num Bonum (13277), used by the Duke of Rich-
mond; Pro Bono Publico (13528), sold to Lord
Chincarty of Ireland; Prince of Coburg (15100);
Goldfinder (U629); Beeswing (12456). the first
noted bull used by Campbell of Kinellar; De-
fender (12867), the first Cruickshank bull sold
for export to America (see page 279); and Lord
Sackville (13249), that was the first home-bred
bull except Prince Edward Fairfax retained for
service by M\\ Cruickshank.

Lord Sackville was a roan of great constitu-
tion, possessing the same great back and loin
that distinguiiihed both Matadore and Mazurka.

620 A HISTORY OF SHORT-HORN CATTLE.

It was the cross of Lord Sackville upon the
Secret cows that first brought that sort up to
the Sittyton standard. A portrait of Matadore
will be found in Vol. X of Coates' Herd Book.
Plantagenet (11906).— This red-and-white
bull, bred by Col. Towneley, had been bought
as a calf by Douglas of Athelstaneford, who
sold him to Mr. Cruickshank as a yearling in
1852. He was sired by Duke of Lancaster
(10929)— bred by Mr. Eastwood and got by
Lax's Duke (9032), sire of Towneley's famous
Frederick (11489)— out of Madeline^ bred by
John Booth of Killerb}^ Plantagenet was
shown at Aberdeen as a yearling, winning first
prize, but died after one year's service at Sitty-
ton. He was the sire of the twin heifer calves
Virtue and Verdure, that became the dams of
two of the greatest bulls ever known in Scot-
land— Virtue producing, to a service by Lan-
caster Comet (11663), the most renowned of
all Cruickshank bulls Champion of England
(17526). Her sister, Verdure, bred to The
Baron (13833), dropped Scarlet Velvet (16916),
a very stylish bull that had a successful career
in the herd of Mr. Campbell. It is stated that
Mr. Cruickshank did not credit Plantagenet
very largely in connection with the production
of Champion of England, that honor being at-
tributed rather to Lancaster Comet. Virtue
and Verdure and another Plantagenet cow,

AMOS CRinCKSHANK OF SITTYTON. 021

Sharon's Rose, were all good milkers but rather
plain in appeanmcG.

Doctor Buckingham (14405). — This red
bull was a pure Booth, bred by Ambler, and
sired by Hopewell (10882) out of the Warlaby-
bred Bloom. He cost Messrs. Cruickshank
400 guineas. Much difficulty was experienced
in getting him to serve properly and after a
short time he was sold to Mr. R. A. Alex-
ander, who imported him to Kentucky. He
figures in Mr. Cruickshank's operations mainly
as the sire of the first of the Sittyton Oi-ange
Blossoms.

The Baron (13833).— At Mr. Tanqueray's
sale at Hendon, near London, in 1855 Mr. An-
thony Cruickshank purchased foi- 4n() guineas
the two-year-old i-ed bull The Baron (13833),
that had been bred by .Mr. Richard Chaloner of
I reland. He was sired by Baron Warlaby (7813)
out of Bon Bon, of Earl Spencer's breeding. As
a yearling he had headed his class at Dublin
and in Scotland was one of the notable win-
ners at the Highland and Royal Shows of 1854,
1855 and 1856. He was described as ver}' neat
in his quarters, but rather lacking in mascu-
line character. In spite of this fact, however,
li(> proved a vei-y pi'olilic and. as was thought
at the time, a very successful sire, especiallj^ of
heifers; his get showing more style and tinish
than had yet l)een seen in the herd. His bulls

622 A HISTORY OF SHORT-HORN CATTLE.

generally lacked substance, althoagli Scarlet
Velvet and Magnus Troil constituted excep-
tions to this rule.

The Baron was used for six or seven years,
and his heifers grew into very handsome cows
up to about five years of age, but after that
seemed to lose "bloom" and a number of them
showed signs of disease. They were, for the
most part, indifferent milkers, and few of them
lived to be more than seven or eight years old.
Speaking of this Jamieson says: "There was
evidently a want of constitution about The
Baron, but it must have been many years be-
fore suspicion arose that he was doing mischief
in the herd, for several bulls out of cows sired
by The Baron were kept for service. None of
them, however, proved a success and gradually
The Baron blood was well cleared out. Only
two of his own sons seem to have been used
as stock bulls; namely. Baronet (1614) and
Lancaster Royal (18167). Baronet was out of
an extra good cow. Buttercup, and was used
for two or three seasons. He had more sub-
stance and less style than The Baron, was
sound and robust and i^roved to be a useful
sire. Lancaster Royal was kept because he
was from a Lancaster cow whose dam came
from Wilkinson of Lenton. He was little used,
but sired the good cow Cicely, whose descend-
ants formed one of the best families at Sitty-

AMOS CRUICKSHANK OF SITTYTON. 023

ton ill the latter yciars of the herd's exist-
ence."

Lord Bathurst (15173).- This hull whs
dropped at Sittyton July 5, 1854, hy the Wil-
kinson cow Lancaster 16th, that had heen
hought at the Lenton sale the previous year in
calf to Monarch (13347). He was one of three
yearling bulls exhibited by Messrs. Cruickshank
at Aberdeen in 1855 that won first, second and
third pi-izcs, the latter position being assigned
to this Lancaster calf. Although the Wilkin-
son sort was held in high esteem at Sittyton a
red breeding bull was wanted just at this time,
and as Lord Bathurst was roan and had inher-
ited white legs from his dam he was sold to
Mr. Stronach of Ardmeallie, in whose hands he
pi-oved a remarkable getter. He met with an
accident, however, and had to be killed after
one season's use. Before leaving Sittyton he
iiad been bred to several heifers and two of his
femah\s, Violet and Vintage, grew into good
cows and were excellent breeders. Violet i»ro-
(luced (Jrand Monarque (21S()7), a stock-gettor
of outstanding merit, ami also \'illage Rose,
that was in all })rol)ahility about the I)est cow
the Cruickshaiiks ever bred. Vintage was the
dam of Village Belle. It has always l)een con-
sidered that Village Rose and Villagi^ Belle
w(M'e the two l)est of all \\u' great cows sired
by Chanipiou of Kngland.

624 A HISTORY OF SHORT-HORN CATTLE.

Master Butterfly 2d (14918).— This was a

son of Col. Towneley's champion bull Master
Butterfly (13311), that was sold to go to Aus-
tralia for 1,200 guineas after having headed the
Towneley herd at the National Show^s of Great
Britain and at the International Exposition at
Paris in 1856. His dam was the show cow
Vestris 2d. He had been bought by Mr. Mar-
joribanks at twelve months old for 300 guineas,
and at his sale in 1856 was purchased for Sitty-
ton at 400 guineas. The purchase of this bull
doubtless reflected Mr. Anthony Cruickshank's
desire to profit by the advertising involved in
the ownership of a high-priced son of the
greatest English show bull of his time. Amos,
however, never liked him and upon the bull's
death some twelve months after his purchase
remarked that the beast had not died any too
soon. It is stated that what few calves he sired
at Sittyton were "light-made, light-fleshed, too
leggy and never had carcass enough." We be-
lieve the only one of the Sittyton pedigrees in
which this bull's name appears in recent years
is one branch of the Victorias.

John Bull (11618). — From the foregoing it
will be observed that the Messrs. Cruickshank
were inclined to test all of the leading bloods
of the period; and as they had been well
pleased with the use of the Wiley bull Report,
already mentioned, they now went to Brandsby

AMOS CRUICKSHANK OF SITTYTON. 025

for another sire; purchasing in 1858 John Bull
(11G18). lie is said to have heen an animal of
great length and rather high on leg.* It is in-
teresting to note as evidencing the intent of
Mr. Cruickshank to weed out mercilessly every-
thing that did not suit, that only two of John
Bull's calves were retained. These were the
cows Cressida and Juhilee, "l)oth compact,
deep, well-proportioned cows, not at all too
long, and real good heasts."

Lord Raglan (13244).— This noted bull came
to Sittyton at seven years of age, in 1860, and
was used until twelve years old. He was bred
by Mark Stewart of Southwick and sired by
Maynard's Crusade (71)38). He had l)een used
by Douglas of Athelstaneford, as well as by
Ijord Kinnaiid and Lord Southesk. lie was
[)urcliased from the latter at 110 guineas. It
is of interest to state that Mr. William ^liller,
then of Canada and later of Storm Lake, hi.,
camo near buying Lord RaLrlaii in ls.")(V| and

•Speaking' of John Bull, Jaiulesou says: " Ho waa a very leng-tliy ani-
mal, not too well let down, tender on his feet and walked very slow. A
worthy ni'ltfhbor, Mr. IMillll|) of Hoyuds, walcliln»: hlni on one occ;i8lon as
ho gradually (•nier>.'-i'd out of aduorwald: ' If I am to wait until all of your
bull comeH out, Mr. Cruickshank, I woultl need a chair to alt doou on.' "

t Mr. Miller, who waa In Orejit Hrlt.'iln In 18Jt> buylntr Short-horns, nays:
"This waa the time that I ought to have sent out Lord K.l4rlan N-fortj
Cruickshank got him. Simon Heattte and I went to Southwlok to »<h.i hlni,
but Stewart prh'i'd him Just high enough to ke»n> him out of my Ptvtoh. I
got within xr>, but although Simon waa |iu.4hlng tne 1 dare not go it. How-
ever, I have no doubt the bull did a lot more goo«l as It wa». Of all tho
bulla 1 saw In Ilrltaln .it tlial time I profemsl Lord Haglan. I tlilnk he w.-w*
prlci'd to me at about iUK). lie wjia then two yeara old .'ind ln>prt>HtM<*l mo
as iHtlng one of tho »ub$tantial rather tlian the ahowy sort,"

626 A HISTORY OF SHORT-HORN CATTLE.

never ceased to regret that he did not trans-
fer the bull to America.

Lord Raglan grew into "a large, stylish,
rather highstanding bull, fertile as a j^earling.
quite useless as a two-year-old and unusually
prolific ever after. In outward appearance
he took after his sire, Crusade, whom Douglas
considered the best bull of his day in England."
He was a Highland winner in the hands of Lord
Kinnaird in 1857 and on being taken North to
Sittyton in 1860 was the Challenge Cup winner
at the Royal Northern and first at the Perth
Highland of 1861. Probably the two best indi-
vidual cows among his get at Sittyton were
Butterfly 5th and The Gem. His most valuable
daughter, hov/ever, proved to be Golden Days,
possibly the best milker of her time in the
herd. She left a valuable progeny, including
the prize bull Pride of the Isles (35072), and
lived to be one of the oldest cows of the herd.

The Czar (20947). This was the best of the
Lord Raglan bulls and saw considerable service
at Sittyton. He was a red, "compact and well
set on his legs," and sired Carmine, a thick-
fleshed, well-haired cow, with extraordinary
back and ribs, that produced the famous Prin-
cess Royal already described. Mr. Cruickshank
is quoted as saying that he did not reap as
much benefit from the use of Lord Raglan as
he had anticipated. Notwithstanding this fact

AMOS CRUICK8HANK OF SITTYTON. 627

some of his very best cattle, including Grand
Duke of Gloster (26288), Pride of the Isles
(35072), Bridesman (80586) and the handsome
Mimulus were bred from Lord Kaglan cows.

Lancaster Comet (11663). — Mr. Cruickshank
had long been partial to the stock of Wilkinson
of Lenton. We have already noted his efforts
at introducing the blood through the Lancas-
ters and Lavenders. Robert Bruce relates that
in speaking of his first visit to Lenton to in-
spect Mr. Wilkinson's herd Mr. Cruickshank
said: "After seeing the cattle I was so excited
that wdien I tried to write to Anthony at night
I could not use a pen. I had to write with a
pencil." This little incident proves two things.
First, the fact that in spite of his habitual self-
control Amos Cruickshank possessed a quiet en-
thusiasm capal)le of being thoroughly aroused.
It indicates also that there was something in
the Wilkinson stock not found in other con-
temporary herds. In fact the Lenton blood
alone seems to have been the subject of Mr.
Cruickshank's steadfast devotion.

In the autumn of 1858 it was thought desira-
ble to purchase a stock bull for use at Sittyton.
A good young rod one was desired at that time.
Mr. Cruickshank wrote to Wilkinson, inquiring
if he could furnish such a l)ull. He replied that
hi^ could not. but recommended old Lancaster
Comet (116()'}). thou in his (^igiith year, which

628 A HISTORY OF SHORT-HORN CATTLE.

he offered to sell at a nominal price. After
first examining the herds of Mark Stewart, S.
E. Bolden, Richard Booth, Col. Towneley and
Messrs. D adding without success Mr. Cruick-
shank wrote to Wilkinson that he might ship
Lancaster Comet. He was forwarded to Sitt}^-
ton in November, 1858. Mr. Cruickshank went
to the station to meet the bull, and his first
glimpse of "his great head and horns lowering
upon him over the side of the truck" caused
him to turn away in disappointment. Lancas-
ter Comet had a large head, with horns of great
length. They were w^ell enough set onto the
head and curved toward the front. They were
not very thick, nor were they pointed at the
tips, being more uniform in thickness from
base to point than is ordinarily observed. One
sarcastic neighbor, of the type often present
upon such occasions, remarked: "If he wanted
a Highland bull he might have got one nearer
home." Notwithstanding the horns, however,
Lancaster Comet was a good bull. He stood
near to the ground, had a beautiful coat of
hair, a round barrel, straight top and bottom
lines, level quarters, nicely -filled thighs, car-
ried plenty of flesh and was active on his feet.
In size he was about medium. He had been a
great favorite with Mr. Wilkinson and was
somewhat inbred, both his sire — The Queen's
Roan (7389) — and dam having been got by the

AMOS CRUICKSHANK OF SITTYTON. 021j

same bull, the roan Will Honeycomb (5000),
illustrated in Vol. IV, Coates' PTerd Book; a
bull that was bred by Mr. J. Beetham of West
Harlsey, near Northallerton, and used by Mr.
Wilkinson for some years.

Lancaster Comet was scarcely as massive as
Mr. Cruickshank would have liked and was rel-
egated to the Clyne farm, it is said, "to hide
his horns." The following spring he was
turned into a pasture along with a lot of cows
that had not settled to the bulls by which they
had been served. He ran out quite late in the
held that fall and contracted rheumatism so
severely that it became necessary to send him
to the shambles. Not more than a dozen calves
are known to have been sired by him at Sitty-
ton, perhaps a half a dozen of each sex. None
of the females were retained. One of them
called Camelia made a tine yearling and two-
year-old, but was disappointing at full matur-
ity. One of the ImiIIs, recorded as Moonshado
(1S419), was bought by Bruce of Inverquhom-
ery. Another that attracted no special notice
for a time was retained by Mr. Cruickshank
under the name of Cliampion of iMighind
(1752()). Lancaster Comet luul cost l)ut 3()
guineas, but so far-reaching was his intiuence
upon the herd, as exerted through the l)ull just
mi^utioned, that the history of the Cruicksliaiik
cattle naturally divides itself into two epochs.

630 A HISTORY OF SHORT-HORN CATTLE.

one dealing with the period before his intro-
duction and the other a record of what followed
after that date.

Champion of England (17526).— From the
foundation of the herd in 1S37 down to 1860 it
had been with Amos Cruickshank one long, con-
tinuous and but partially successful search for
the type of cattle he so earnestly desired. Dur-
ing that time great numbers of cows, heifers
and bulls had been ])ought from the best Scotch
and English herds, but in spite of a long list of
show-yard victories, and notwithstanding the
production of at least an average percentage
of good cattle, Amos Cruickshank's ideal had
scarcely been realized. As yet there was a
lack of uniformity in essential characteristics.
Lancaster Comet, however, supplied, through
Champion of England out of the cow Virtue by
Plantagenet (11906), the means of correcting
this fault. He was a roan, dropped Nov. 29,
1859, and although not a phenomenal calf at
the start was deemed good enough to be sent
to the Royal English Show at Leeds in 1861.
Being a November calf he had to compete upon
that occasion against two-year-olds, and as he
was only a yearling he failed to secure a place.
He was also shown at Aberdeen, but was only
able to secure a third prize. On account of this
non-success he came near being disposed of,
but there was something about the young

AMOS CRUICKSHANK OF SITTYTON. G31

bull's hair, quality and thrift that led Mr.
Cruickshank to decide upon his retention for a
time at least. The bull was particularly strong
on his fore ribs, developed remarkable feeding
quality and soon began to assume more mas-
sive proportions than had been displayed by
his sire. He was not so level in his quarters
as Lancaster Comet, di'ooping a bit from the
hips to the tail, a fault which he probably in-
herited from his dam.* His calves soon evi-
denced rare promise. They were robust, thick-
fleshed, near to the ground and i)08sessed a pro-
pensity for putting on flesh such as had not
been shown by the get of any of his predeces-
sors in service. Mr. Cruickshank resolved to
use him freely and not risk impairment of his
usefulness by putting him in high condition
for the shows. Meantime the settled policy of
testing the best bulls obtainable from contem-
porary stocks was not abandoned.

Windsor Augustus (19157). — The selection
of this roan bull represented another effort on
the part of Messrs. Cruickshank to utilize Booth
l)lood. Like the previous experiments, how-
ever, in the same direction it did not altogether
fill 111 expectations. Windscn* Augustus was

*Mr. JainleBoii writes: "I do not remember havlnir seen the Cham-
plon'H d;im, but one day when (rolu? through the byrea with Amos Crulck-
sliauk I askiHl lihu what like a beast she was. • Well," said ho. • she was
vi>ry like that one," polntlncr to a cow standloK at ttu> end of the byre. This
was a trood-slzcd retl .'kniinal. with plalnlsh hind quarters. Champion of
England was never kept on account of the merits of his dam."

632 A HISTORY OF SHORT-HORN CATTLE.

bred by Mr. Carr and sired by Richard Booth's
Windsor (14013). He had been a winner at the
leading English shows, and was one of the
highest-priced bulls ever bought for service
in the herd. He was used during the seasons
of 1863 and 1864, but Amos Cruickshank never
liked him and did not retain many of his prog-
eny. He left a few good things, nevertheless,
including the fine cow Lovely 9th, that pro-
duced to Champion of England the stock bull
Lord Lancaster (26666).

Forth (17866). — This famous bull was taken
to Sittyton in 1864 at four years of age with the
reputation of being "the grandest Short-horn of
his time." He was a light roan, possessing great
scale and substance, bred by Sir William Ster-
ling Maxwell of Keir. He had been a cham-
pion show bull at leading exhibitions both in
England and Scotland, and while some doubt
was felt as to his proving a breeder high hopes
were entertained as to what he would accom-
plish when mated with the "crack" cows of the
Sittyton herd. There can be no doubt that he
was individually the best bull ever bought for
Sittyton. His portrait will be found in Vol.
XVI of Coates' Herd Book. He was described
as *'a remarkably fine animal on a large scale,
having length, breadth and depth to satisfy the
most fastidious and was extremely good tem-
pered. He had a good head, a full, placid eye,

AMOS CRUICKSHANK OF SITTYTON. 633

a rich coat of hair, great girth of body, with
ribs arching well out from his ))ack. His horns
were somewhat coarse." Forth remained in
service until LS70 and notwithstanding his high
condition left a large number of calves. While
filling the eye much more perfectly than Cham-
pion of England he did not approach the latter
as a sire. Still he left some good stock, among
others the cow Violet's Forth, that was im-
ported to America and shown with success in
the Western States, as has been already noted.
It was the exhibition of this cow that first
drew prominent attention to Mr. Cruickshank's
breeding in the United States. Viceroy (32764),
by Champion of England out of Violet's Forth,
was used a short time in the herd. Another of
the Forth cows, Anemone, although not much
to look at, was a capital breeder. Two sons of
Forth bred at Sittyton. Royal Forth (25022) and
Julius Csesar (264S6). had a trial in service but
did not give satisfaction and were sold. One
of the best of his get, Lord Forth (26649), was
used by Mr. Longmore of Rettie.

Allan (21172). a red ImiII bred at Keir and
sired ])y Forth prior to his purchase for Sitty-
ton out of a cow of Knightley blood, was
bought and used in the herd for three years
with a good degr(M'' (^f snccoss.

Lord Privy Seal (16444). In Im;.'> Antiioiiy
Cruickshank l)ought at a sale l)y Lord Kinnaird

634 A HISTORY OF SHORT-HORN CATTLE.

the roaa bull Lord Privy Seal, He was bred
by the late Prince Consort at Windsor and
was sired by the Booth bull Prince Alfred
(13494) out of Cowslip by the famous show bull
Belleville (6778). He was then in his seventh
year, having been taken North as a yearling
and bought by Lord Kinnaird in 1860. All
hands at Sittyton were disappointed in the bull
upon his arrival. He lacked size as well as
flesh, and was not extensively used. Like most
of his predecessors, however, he left a few good
calves, such as the bull Multum in Parvo
(26934), and the cow Victoria 41st, one of the
best of her family and a fine breeder — the dam
of the bull Ventriloquist (44180).

Prince Alfred (27107).— In 1871 Mr. Pawlett
offered to sell to Mr. Cruickshank Baron Killer-
by (23364). Amos went to see him, but was
more favoral)ly impressed with one of his sons,
Prince Alfred (27107), and wished to take him
instead of the sire. Being unable to buy the
young bull without taking them both, he closed
a trade for the pair and shipped them to Sitty-
ton. Baron Killerby was then six years old and
possessed a bad temper. He was too heavy in
the bone to suit Mr. Cruickshank, and was but
little used. Prince Alfred was a young bull of
much promise, but, as luck would have it, foot-
and-mouth disease appeared in the herd not
long after his purchase and he succumbed to

AMOS CRUICKSnANK OF SITTYTON. 085

the malady. He was the only animal in the
herd that was lost. This is rather a surprising
fact in view of the the statement that Prince
Alfred is said to have been of robust appear-
ance and was thought to have capital constitu-
tion. While no opportunity was had to breed
any great number of cows to him, the heifers
that he left in the herd indicate that his un-
timely death was a severe loss. One of his
daughters, Garnet, proved the ancestress of
some of the best cows in the herd during its
later years. Another, Alma, sold as a yearling
to Mr. Mitchell, "developed most wonderfully
and expanded into one of the largest and
grandest cows that was ever seen, with im-
mense loins and back and good shoulders. In-
deed, as a show-yard animal, few cows ever
bred at Sittyton would have been a match for
her." She took first prize at the Highland
Show of 1876, the cup at Aberdeen in 1879 as
best breeding animal in the Short-horn class,
besides many other honors.

Other outside bulls.— Between the years
18()() and 1877, in addition to Baron Killerby
and Prince Alfred, there was bought and tried
in the herd the bulls Rol) Roy (*2-J74()), Count
Robert (mS12). Scotch Rose (25099)— out of
the famous Rosedalo; Knight of the Whistle
(20558). Master Darlington (87007), Moridiiin
(38748), Ravenshope (22081), and General Wind-

636 A HISTORY OF SHORT-HORN CATTLE.

sor (28701). None of these, however, gave as
good satisfaction as the home-bred bulls used
during the same period.

Concentration of the Champion of England
blood. — Writers of romance after following the
fortunes of their heroes and heroines through
various trials and tribulations to a point where
all is joy and rapture usually dismiss them with
the remark that "they lived happily ever after."
It may ahnost be said of Amos Cruickshank
that when he produced Champion of England,
after twenty-five years of conscientious work,
he was at the beginning of the end of his
troubles as a Short-horn breeder. One after
another of the sons and daughters of this, the
greatest stock bull Scotland has ever known,
grew up into cattle of the real rent-paying sort.
Pages might be filled with the names, pedigrees
and performances of his descendants in the
show-yards and breeding-pens of Britain and
America, but space will not here permit. Such
cows as Village Belle, Village Rose, Princess
Royal, Morning Star, British Queen, Carmine
Rose, Silvery, Mimulus, Surmise, Circassia, Vio-
lante, Finella and Victorine would alone suffice
to make the reputation of the most ambitious
breeder. Not only were these and other of the
best of the Champion's heifers retained for
breeding purposes but his bulls were given a
trial along with sires obtained from other herds.

AMOS CRUICKSHANK OF SITTYTON. 0']7

It must be borne in mind that in resorting
to bulls of his own breeding Mr. Cruickshank
was contravening what had been the almost
universal practice in Scotland. It is genemlly
believed by those most familiar with his work
that if he had begun placing his own bulls in
service many years earlier he would have more
quickly realized his ambitions. It seems clear
that the grand roan bull Lord Sackville (182411),
mentioned on page Oiy, might have filled the
place held later by Champion of England had
he been given like opportunity; for he possessed
such grand constitution, substance and quality,
and with his limited opportunity wrought such
an improvement on the Secrets and a few other
Sittyton sorts that he would doubtless have
made a great reputation had he been more
freely used, Longmore of Rettie is generally
credited with having been the first of the North
of Scotland breeders to place home-lired bulls
in soi'vicp. Ho was a man of rare intelligence,
and although his herd was small as compared
with that at Sittyton he met with marked suc-
<'ess by his departure from the then prevailing
usage, his stock possessing unusual size, fiosh
and real show-yard character. Experience iiad
now taught Mr. Cruickshank tlio uncertainties
att(Miding the use of even tlie best individual
bulls a('(|uii'ed from various s(Mirces and rep-
resenting many diverse elements. With his

638 A HISTORY OF SHORT-HORN CATTLE.

usual caution he felt his way slowly at first
with the Champion of England bulls, but when
once convinced that he was on the right track
he pursued his plan to the end.

Among the bulls chosen for the purpose of
concentrating this blood may be mentioned
the roan Caractacus (19397), a winner of chal-
lenge cups at Aberdeen and Perth, that was
calved in 1862 by Nonpareil 20th, a daugh-
ter of The Baron; the roan Grand Monarque
/ (21867), calved in 1863 by Violet by Lord Bath-
urst; the roan Royal Oak (22792), dropped in
1864 by Oakleaf by The Baron ; the red Prince
Imperial (22595), calved in 1864 by Candia by
The Baron; the red Lord Byron (24363), dropped
in 1865 by Butterfly by Matadore; the red Ceesar
^ Augustus (25704), calved in 1867 by Emily,
daughter of Lord Sackville; the roan Grand
Duke of Gloster (26288), dropped in 1868 by 9th
Duchess of Gloster, daughter of Lord Raglan;
the roan Lord Lancaster (26666), of the crop of
1868, dropped by Lovely 9th by Windsor Au-
gustus; the roan Master of Arts (26867), dropped
same year by The Gem by Lord Raglan; and
the roan Viceroy (32764), calved in 1871 by
Violet's Forth, afterward a noted show cow in
America.

It does not appear that the bulls from cows
by The Baron made any special impression on
the herd. Those representing the cross of

AMOS CRUICKSHANK OF SITTYTON. 630

Champion of England upon cows cari-ying the
blood of Lord Raglan, Lord Sackville and Lord
Bathurst, including Grand Monarque, Caesar
Augustus and Grand Duke of Gloster, were
potent factors in bringing the herd to its best
estate.

Scotland's Pride and Pride of the Isles. —
Scotland's Pride, calved in 1866, was sired by
Grand Monarque out of Lovely 8th, a cow that
belonged to a tribe much esteemed in the
North. His sire, like many other of the sons
of Champion of England, did not have a head
entirely to Mr. Cruickshank's liking. This was
a characteristic doubtless inherited from old
Lancaster Comet, and on account of the clamor
about his head and horns Grand Monarque was
sacrificed before his real value as a stock-get-
ter, as illustrated in Scotland's Pride, was fully
realized. The latter was a stylish, deep-fleshed
roan, winning first prize as a vearling at the
Highland in 1867 and a $250 Challenge Cup
same year He proved one of the best sires
ever bred at Sittyton; one of his sons, the
roan prize )>ull Pride of the Isles (35072)
fiom (bdden Days by Lord Raglan, calved in
1872, :i('(piiring great celebrity. Speaking of
this valuable bull Mr. Edward Cruickshank
says: "I do iK^t think that I^-ide of the Isles
ever had his merit fairly i-i^coguized. He was
a grand animal himscdf. and his young stock

640 A HISTORY OF SHORT-HORN CATTLE.

looked well; but as cows they were such good
milkers that they were never much to look at,
although good breeders." An own brother to
Pride of the Isles, known as Lord of the Isles,
was also used in the herd. They were of the
Brawith Bud or Pure Gold tribe.

Caesar Augustus. — This good red bull, calved
in 1867, joined the blood of the two grand bulls
Champion of England and Lord Sackville, and
became one of the most valuable sires aud show
bulls used in the herd. He was exhibited with
great success, and some of his daughters proved
among the most valuable breeding cows owned
at Sittyton, among them being Azalea, the dam
of Field Marshal.

Royal Duke of Gloster. — This remarkably
successful stock bull, a red, calved in 1870, was
got by Grand Duke of Gloster out of Mimulus,
a good cow descending in the maternal line
from the stock of Rennie of Phantassie. He
represented the strongest concentration of
blood Mr. Cruickshank had up to that date
used; both his sire and dam having been got
by Champion of England out of Lord Raglan
cows. As the sire of Roan Gauntlet and of the
dam of Cumberland Royal Duke of Gloster ac-
quired high rank in the great galaxy of Sitty-
ton bulls. His sire, Grand Duke of Gloster, was
considered the best of all of the sons of Cham-
pion of England; inheriting in a remarkable

AMOS CRUICKSHANK OF SITTYTON. 041

degree his robust constitution, thrift and thick-
ness of flesh. Unfortunately the Grand Duke
met with an accident which resulted in his
death as a two-year-old.

Roan Gauntlet. — The mating of the inbred
Royal Duke of Gloster with the Champion of
England cow Princess Royal resulted in the
production in 1873 of the most famous of all
the latter-day Sittyton stock bulls. Roan Gaunt-
let (35284). A glance at the subjoined tabula-
tion will be of interest:

f ('hanqnou of England

r Grand Duke of Glos- J ^^^ ouchesf of Glos-
5 ter (26288). j ^^^^ ^y Lord Raglan

f Royal Dukeot Gloster I L (13244).

(29864). "I

f Champion of England

Uimulus. "I Mistletoe.'^' Lord

L Raglan (13244).

(Lancaster Comet
(11663).
Virtue, bv Plantaga-
net (11906).

I The Czar (20W7).
I, Carmine. -! Cressida.

\ by John Bull (11618).

This was certainly subjecting the Ghanipiou
of England blood to a searching test, and as
Roan Gauntlet proved one of the greatest sires
of his day Mr. Cruickshank's judgment found in
his case aini)le vindicatic^n. Some of the i^bjtH*-
tionable features of old Lancaster Goniet's head
were visible in Roan Gauntlet, but the out-
standing excellence of his progeny furnished
fresli proof of tlie fact tliat it is a mistake to
discard an otherwise remarkable bull for a

41

<
o

S5

OS

Princess Royal.

642 A HISTORY OF SHORT-HORN CATTLE.

minor defect of that nature. Among other ex-
traordinary animals begotten by Roan Gaunt-
let may be named the renowned Field Marshal
(47870)— the sire of Mario (51713)— and the
good stock bull Baron Violet (47444), used at
Sittyton.

Barmpton. — Whatever may be the relative
rank assigned to the latter-day Cruickshank
bulls in their own country American breeders
will always set a high value upon the red
Barmpton (377G3). He was another son of
Royal Duke of Gloster that was dropped in 1875
by the good cow Barmpton's Flower (of the
Towneley Butterfly line), a daughter of Allan
(21172), son of the great Forth. If Barmpton
had done nothing more than sire Baron Victor
(45944), so celebrated in the Linwood Herd of
Col. W. A. Harris of Kansas, he would still be
entitled to the recognition here accorded.

Cumberland. -One of the bulls most exten-
sively used after Roan Gauntlet was Cumber-
land (46144), a massive roan that was calved in
1880 and maintained steadily in service for a
period of eight years. He was described as
"short in the leg, deep and long in the body,
with an excellent head, full, wide chest, well-
laid shoulders, strong loins, well-sprung ribs,
with such a cover of lean flesh as is rarely met
with." As will be observed from the following
tabulation Cumberland's dam, the fine cow

s« ■

o

AMOS CRUICKSITANK OF SITTYTON. 643

Custciid of the Clipper tribe, was own sister in
blood to Roan Gauntlet, so that his selection
for service resulted in still fui'ther intensifying
Mr. Cruickshank's favorite blood :

r Scotliind's Pride (25100). j ?''^°,«1 Monarque (21867).

\ Pride of the I ( Lovely 8th.

Q I Isles (35072). I

Oolflon n-iv^ i ^°r*l Ratrlan (13244).

I broldtn Days. ^ p^^.^ ^^j^

f Grand Duke of Gloster
f Royal Duke of Gloster .1 ^^ r,,a„l^U^of EnglanU.
*-"*^"'^- I Mimulus,

I Custard. J ' ^'^ C'Mntpion of England.

f Ckampion of England
IPriuccssRoyal. Carmine "''■^'

I by The Czar (20947).

There is not in Short-horn history a record
of greater success attained in the production of
valuable cattle for practical farm and feed-lot
purposes than that which attended the breed-
ing operations at Sittyton after the practice of
using only home-bred bulls was adopted. The
herd l)egan at once to take on a uniform-
ity in essential points which it had not hith-
erto possessed, and the further the concentra-
tion of blood was carried — up to a certain
point — the better the results. The fruit of Mr.
Cruickshank's appeal to the pmctice of inbreed-
ing was the establishment of a well-fi.\ed type
of short-legged, broad-ribbed, thick-fleshed cat-
tle feeding to satisfactory weights at an early
age; and tlie same conci^utraHon «>f bhx^d that
served to li.x those desirable cluiracteristics in-

644 A HISTORY OF SHORT-HORN CATTLE.

sured the prepotency of the stock for reproduc-
tive purposes. The herd became the fountain
head of Short-horn breeding in the North. The
Sittyton bulls became the standard sires of
Scotland. The value of the service the Messrs.
Cruickshank had rendered was now universally
conceded in their native land and leading
American breeders gladly availed themselves
of the privilege of selecting stock bulls from
this premier Aberdeenshire herd.

The closing years at Sittyton will form the
subject of further reference.

a:

H

K!

O

a
o
a

H
I

o
3

CHAPTER XX.

OTHER NORTH COUNTRY HERDS.

The constructive work carried out to such
extraordinary success at Sittyton was destined
to exert an influence over the breed on both
sides the Atlantic as far-reaching as it was
beneficent. There were none to dispute the
supremacy of Sittyton in the North. It was
the source from whence nearly all the breeders
of Aberdeenshire and adjacent counties drew
their best material as well as their inspiration.
While Amos Cruickshank must therefore be
called the real leader of the line of Short-horn
progression in Scotland, passing notice should
be taken of the work of some of his contem-
poraries.

To review the operations in detail of all
those who contributed largely to the upl)uild-
ing of the Short-horn interest in the North
would require more space than can here be
given. Indeed, we cannot undertake to list in
full their names. Ooates' Herd Book must be
consulted by those who wish to delve deeply
into the subject. We should, however, give a
place in this record t(^ the names of (ren. Sim-

640 A HISTORY OF SHORT-HORN CATTLE.

son of Fifeshire, Douglas of Athelstaneford,
Barclay of Keavil, the Duke of Richmond, the
Earl of Montrose, Lord Lovat of Beaufort, Sir
William Sterling Maxwell of Kier, Lougraore
of Rettie, Mark Stewart of Southwick, the
Bruces of Inverquhomery and Burnside, Syme
of Red Kirk, Mitchell of Alloa, Sylvester Camp-
bell of Kinellar, William S. Marr of Uppermill,
John W. and Edward Cruickshank of Lethenty,
and Duthie of Collynie. While we need not
undertake a detailed account of the opera-
tions of these and other leading breeders of
that time it seems essential to a correct under-
standing of the career of the Scotch-bred Short-
horns in America that some facts be furnished
relating especially to the herds at Athelstane-
ford, Kinellar, Uppermill, Lethenty and Col-
lynie.

Douglas of Athelstaneford. — A herd that
was in every way worthy of the district that
had been the home of Rennie of Phantassie
was begun about 1842 by Mr. James Douglas,
a,n enterprising tenant farmer at Athelstane-
ford (locally called "Elshinford") in East Lo-
thian. Douglas was ambitious from the first
for show-yard honors, and as a competitor at
the great exhibitions of the United Kingdom,
as well as at the Paris Exposition of 1856, he
met with a brimming measure of success. The
herd was begun about 1842, but it was not un-

OTHER NORTH COUNTRY HERDS. 047

til the Newcastle Royal of 1846 that he made
notable purchases. The famous show bull
Belleville (6778) was then at the height of his
reputation, and several of his daughters were
purchased. Qne of these, the roan Queen of
Trumps, bred by Mr. Unthank, was one of the
greatest prize-winners of her time. She was
bought for shipment to America at a high price
by Mr. Barrett of Kentucky, but w^as lost at
sea.

In 1852 a sale was made which included
practically the entire original herd. Reserva-
tion was made, however, of the celebrated
Mantalini show cow Rose of Summer, by Vel-
vet Jacket (10998), Scottish Blue Belle and a
few others of special excellence. At this sale
Rose of Summer's dam. Rose of Autumn, to-
gether with Brenda (then carrying Lord Kag-
lan, by Crusade) were bought by Mark Stewart
of Southwick. Subsequently Lord Raglan was
bought back, together with Rose of Sharon,
a daughter of Rose of Autumn, and the four
fine heifers Hawthorne Blossom. Heather Belle,
Cherry Queen and Imperial Cherry, a quar-
tette that cost 600 guineas. Prior to the sale
the Athelstaneford cattle had won some sixty
prizes at leading shows, and the second herd,
with Rose of Summer and Scottish Blue Belle
as its trump cards, inaugurated another cam-
paign that was even more successful. Scot-

648 A HISTORY OF SHORT-HORN CATTLE.

tish Blue Belle was ultimately sold to Mr. R.
G. Corwine of Lebanon, 0., and brought to the.
United States. Killerby and Warlaby were
then drawn upon for females. The sum of 500
guineas was offered Richard Booth in vain for
Charity, and a 550-guinea bid for Nectarine
Blossom was also declined. Mr. Douglas se-
cured, nevertheless, Birthright, a granddaugh-
ter of Bracelet, Isabella Hopewell and Venus
de Medicis.

Douglas scored a great success with the roan
bull Captain Balco (12546) of Ambler's breed-
ing. He stood next to Towneley's undefeated
Master Butterfly at the Royal Dublin, and after
being used for a time in the herd was sold
along with Hawthorne Blossom and a lot ag-
gregating some twenty head to the Shakers of
Ohio. The Booth-bred bull Hymen (13058), of
Bolden's breeding, out of Bridecake, was next
bought and fitted as a member of the herd sent
for exhibition at Paris in 1856, at which show
he was sold to M. de Trehonnais for 200 guin-
eas. Bates blood was acquired by the pur-
chase of the cow Playful, by 4th Duke of York.
Some of Troutbeck's Gwynnes were also se-
cured. A son of Captain Balco, called Sir
James the Rose (15290), out of Rose of Summer,
succeeded his sire at the head of the herd and
proved a capital stock-getter. Rose of Sum-
mer and her descendants were of a remarkably

1

OTHER NORTH COUNTFiY HERDS. 049

thick-fleshed, neat-boned, blocky, short-legged,
squarely-built sort; and such cattle as Rose of
Athelstane, Maid of Athelstane, Lady of Athel-
stane, Queen of Athelstane, Pride of Athelstane
and Crown Prince of Athelstane constituted a
collection that has rarely been excelled in any
herd on either side the water.

In 1864 the late Hon. David Christie of Can-
ada bought and imported a number of the best
cattle of the Douglas herd and they exerted a
great influence for good on this side the At-
lantic. We believe that this sale to Mr. Chris-
tie practically closed the operations of Mr.
Douglas as a breeder of Short-horns. Further
reference to the importation just mentioned
will be rriade in a subsequent chapter.

Campbell of Kinellar. Although not one
of the earliest the herd of the hite Sylvester
Campbell was one of the best in Aberdeenshire.
Founded in the year 1847 by the purchase of a
pair of heifer calves at Barclay of lory's sale,
one costing 20 guineas and the other 9, the
Campbell herd affords a striking illustration of
what an intelligent farmer can accomplish
from a modest beginning. Situated abcnit nino
miles northwest of the city of Aberdeen, located
in a district noted for its fine farms and known
locally as "the Howe of the Gariocli." the farm
of Kinellar, of which Mr. ramjibell was tenant,
lies in the valley of the Kiver Don. Jamiesou

G50 A HISTORY OF SHORT-HORN CATTLE.

says: "The scenery here is picturesque and
beautiful. The winding river, a fine salmon
stream, is flanked by wooded heights, with
some handsome villas nestling here and there
among the trees. At times the valley narrows
between rugged woody banks and then widens
out again into broad, fertile meadows — haughs,
as they are called in Scotland — where the fat
sheep browse and the cattle doze away their
time in sleepy satisfaction among the butter-
cups and clover. A sweet spot it is in sunny
days of June when the sky is without a cloud
and the skylarks are fluttering and singing
over the grassy fields. The farm lies among
the banks and braes that slope up from the
river and consists for the most part of good
loamy soil, laid oft' in square fields, inclosed by
massive stone dykes."

The foundation heifers above mentioned were
both sired by The Pacha (7612) — the grandson
of Mason's Lady Sarah heretofore referred to —
and were known as Isabella and Susannah.
From the 20-guinea heifer, Isabella, Mr. Camp-
bell derived two good families, known as the
Urys and Clarets. He seems to have proceeded
leisurely in his cattle-breeding and at first
bred his cows and heifers to sires in service on
neighboring farms, among them being Fairfax
Hero (9106), Vice-President (11002) and Unri-
valed (13926) — all bred at Sittyton and two of

OTHER NORTH COUNTRY HERDS. 651

them sons of that capital bull Fairfax Royal
(6987). In 1854 he bought from Mr. Whitehead
of Little Methlick the cow Ci'ocus, a grand-
daughter of a Pacha heifer that had been
l)ought at Ury in 1847.

The Nonpareils, Miss Ramsdens and Golden
Drops. — The big, massive Thalia came to Kinel-
lar in 1857 from Longmore of Rettie and a few
years later Nonpareil 24th, by Lord Sackville,
was got from the Messrs. Cruickshank. From
the latter came the famous Kinellar Nonpareils.
The original cow of this tribe had been brought
to Scotland from the herd of Mr. Cartwright of
Tathwell on the Lincolnshire wolds, in whose
hands the sort had been greatly esteemed. In-
deed, the first Nonpareil, a roan cow sired by
the white bull Tathwell Studley (5401), carry-
ing consideral)le infusions of the blood of the
$5,000 Comet, proved useful until seventeen
years of age. Another one of the Kinellar ma-
trons was Miss Ramsden, bred by Sir J. Rams-
den, and taken to Scotland by Mr. Jopp. from
whom she was purchased by Mr. Campbell.
Anotlior cow that proved a good investment
was i\laid of Promise, obtained from ]\lr. Benton
in Alford. From her was descended probably
the best cow ever seen in the Kinellar pastures.
Maid of Promise (>th. that won the challenge
cup at Al)erdeen some years ago as tlie best
Short-horn of either sex on exhibition. Thes-

652 A HISTORY OF SHORT-HORN CATTLE.

salonica^ that gave rise to the beautiful Kiuellar
Golden Drops, was dropped by Jewess, a cow
bought from Mr. Harvey of Tillygreig, in calf
to Duke of Clarence (9040), a fine white bull
bred by Wetherell and illustrated in the eighth
volume of Coates' Herd Book. Another pur-
chase that proved fruitful was the cow Ruby
Hill, by Elphinstdne (14492), that was bred by
Messrs. Smith. Hillhead of Nairn.

Early Kinellar sires. — For some years the
herd of Messrs. Cruickshank was resorted to for
sires. Mr. Campbell was remarkably fortunate,
or, perhaps we should say. exercised extraor-
dinary judgment in selecting j^oung bulls
at Sittyton. Mosstrooper (11827), Beeswing
(12456). Scarlet Velvet (16916), and Diphthong
(17681) proved exceptional stock-getters. The
two latter were sent into the leading show-
yards of the North in 1862 and 1863 and over-
came all opposition. Indeed, the use and ex-
hibition of these bulls Avas an important factor
in building up the reputation of the Sittyton
stock. Of Cruickshank breeding also was the
handsome bull known as The Garioch Boy
(15384), bought by Mr. Campbell at a high
price, but lost soon afterward. Beeswing was
a red, sired by Matadore (11800), tracing on the
dam's side through Venus and Dairymaid to
the stock of Rennie of Phantassie. He left at
Kinellar a lot of useful, deep-bodied cows; and

OTHER NORTH COUNTRY HERDS. 053

when these were crossed with the stylish show
bull Scarlet Velvet the progeny proved among
the best Short-horns of their day. Scarlet Vel-
vet was a red, sired by The Baron (13883) out
of Verdure by Plantagenet (11906), running to
the cow Tranquil by Barclay's Billy (3151). He
was sold to go into MoraJ^shire. Diphthong,
another red "with a curious mark like a tape-
line around his left fore ribs," was a thick, good
bull by Lord Stanley (16454) out of a daughter
of Fancy, also by Billy (3151), and had a bril-
liant career at the Scottish national shows.

Booth cross disappointing. — So great had
been the success of the use of these Sittyton
bulls that Kinellar began to take rank as a
rival of the Cruickshank herd itself, then the
most famous in all Scotland, and Campbell
thought to emphasize his independence by
turning elsewhere for his herd bulls. From
1863 to 1877 he went South for his sires and
bought bulls largely of Booth l)lood. Probably
the most noted of these was Prince of Worces-
ter (20597), that had been a Royal winner as a
yearling and a champion as an aged bull at
Aberdeen. lie also had Sir Christopher (2i!S95).
bred by Richard Booth, but notwithstamling
the enterprise he had displayed in this regjird
the results were disappointing, and in the later
years of his l>reeding opcr.itions he returned to
his tirst \oyo and in lariii^ nieasuve restored the

654 A HISTORY OF SHORT-HORN CATTLE.

usefulness of his stock by breeding from such
Cruickshank bulls as Vermont and Gravesend.
The latter in particular did excellent service,
acquiring distinction as a heifer getter, and af-
terward passed into the possession of William
Duthie of Colly nie.

Mr. Campbell died in 1891, and the herd was
finally dispersed in 1897. The proprietor had
been highly respected throughout the entire
North Country and the sale drew out a large
attendance. Although prices at that time
were not at their present range, the heifers by
Gravesend and Royal James were greatly ad-
mired and averaged over £42 each. Lord Rose-
berry, Mr. Duthie and Fletcher of Rosehaugh
bought a number of the best lots. A few went
into Yorkshire, and the bull Royal James to
Lincoln. Mr. Duthie says: "The Kinellar cat-
tle were noted for their substance, and the
cows generally were heavy milkers."

The Kinellar Short-horns are best known in
America through the fine family of Golden
Drops, descending from the cow Thessalonica
above mentioned. The sort was introduced on
this side by Messrs. Geo. Isaac and J. S. Thomp-
son of Canada. In the hands of Messrs. Avery
& Murphy, Col. Holloway, Messrs. A. H. & I. B.
Day and others they sold at strong prices and
made an enviable show-yard and breeding rec-
ord. Subsequently they acquired additional

OTHER NORTH COUNTRY HERDS. 005

fame as perhaps the best family in the Linwood
herd of Col. W. A. Harris. Some of the Miss
Ramsdens and Nonpareils were also imported
into the West and proved good breeders as
well as successful show animals.

Marr of UppermilL— The late William S.
Marr, one of the most eminent of all the Aber-
deenshire breeders of Short-horns, entered
upon the farm of Uppermill in 1833. It is sit-
uated in the same district as Sittyton, Shethin,
Collynie and other noted nurseries of Noiih
Country stock. Mr. Marr was twenty-two years
of age at the time he took the lease of Upper-
mill, which was at that time in a very rough
state. Much of the land had to be reclaimed
at great expense, and it was not until about
1851 that he was able to turn his attention to
Short-horns. His first purchases were made in
the North of England, but with one notable
exception the original investment proved alto-
gether unsatisfactory; the cattle doing no good
under the conditions to which they were sub-
jected in their new home.

The Maudes. — The ancestress of this Upper-
mill tribe was the fine cow Maude that consti-
tuted the exception just mentioned. She be-
longed to a family that had been bred b\ Mr.
Tlionins Chris]> of Northumborland. who bad
obtained the sort from the herd of Mr. Jopling.

656 A HISTORY OF SHORT-HOEN CATTLE.

The foundation dam, Duchess of St. Albans,
had a double cross of the Princess bull St. Al-
bans (2584). The present proprietor at Upper-
mill says: "My father used to tell me that
Maude was a very fine cow and a grand
milker." Crossed with such bulls as Heir of
Englishman (24122) and Cherub 4th (33359),
both of Lord Sudeley's Seraphina sort, the
Maudes developed into one of the strongest of
Mr. Marr's tribes.

The Missies. — This celebrated Scottish fam-
ily originated in the hands of Capt. Barclay of
Ury. The primal cow of this name was bred
by Mr. A. Morison from Countess of Ury blood,
and w^as obtained by Mr. Marr about 1854. She
was considered an extraordinary animal, pos-
sessing great substance and wealth of flesh.
The earlier Missies were sired by such bulls as
Augustus (15598), Lord of Lome (18258), Young
Pacha (20457), and Macduff (26773); and in
later years the sort was brought to a high de-
gree of perfection by the use of Seraphina and
Sittyton bulls. The tribe not only proved pro-
lihc, but steadily improved in merit until ac-
knowledged on both sides the Atlantic as one
of the best of all Scotch Short-horn families.
Indeed, it is doubtful if any other one sort has
done more for the good of the breed in the
North of Scotland, or has produced more noted
prize-winners. During the "seventies" the late

OTHER NORTH COUNTRY HERDS. 657

Mr. Marr showed cattle of this family with
great success; conspicuous among the winners
being the bull Young Englishman (81113), got
by Heir of Englishman out of Missie 19th. He
was calved in 1871 and was first and champion
at the leading shows for three successive years,
besides leaving many good sons and beautiful
daughters at Uppermilh In recent years Moun-
taineer (63027), a Missie bull of Mr. Marr's
breeding, was shown with success in the herd
of Messrs. Wright of Lincolnshire, Eng. Mi-
randa, in the hands of Mr. Deane Willis, and
the Royal champion Marengo, owned ])y Mr.
Philo L. Mills of Nottinghamshire, have brought
additional honor to the tribe. Mr. Duthie has
incorporated the sort into his famous herd at
C^)llynie, and such cows as Missie 141st, by
William of Orange, and Missie 150th. by Daunt-
less, now at Uppermill, afford capital illustra-
tion of the manner in which the blood breeds
on.

The Princess Royals. — This sort and the
Missies constitute the two largest families now
at Uppermill, there being about twenty females
of each. The Princess Koyals trace their de-
scent in the maternal line to the herd of ^Ir.
Hay of Shethin. They have responded well to
the use of Cruickshank bulls, displaying good
constitution, great wealth of tiesh, broad ribs
and strong loins. Many good specimens both

42

658 A HISTORY OF SHORT-HORN CATTLE.

of the Princess Royals and the Missies have
been imported to the United States and Canada
during the past twenty years.

The Alexandrinas.— This tribe is of the
same origin as the Sittyton Crocus sort, both
descending from the herd of Mr. Morison of
Mountblairy, Aberdeenshire, who obtained the
family from Grant Duff. The Alexandrinas
have to their credit the production of the fa-
mous American champion show bull Gay Mon-
arch 92411. The family came into the posses-
sion of Mr. Marr about 1860.

The Roan or Red Ladys.— About 1855 Mr.
Marr purchased from the late Mr. Whitehead
of Little Methlick, Aberdeenshire, a cow called
Roan Lady, from which he bred a heifer by the
Kinellar bull Young Pacha called Red Lady.
Descendants of these cows have since been
known at Uppermill as Roan or Red Ladys.
They have been distinguished, as a rule, for
their rich colors, good Short-horn character,
fine st3^1e and depth of flesh. Representatives
of this sort have several times topped the Up-
permill young bulls. Lideed, at the sale held
this year (1899) the best price, 270 guineas, was
paid by Mr. Mills for Royal Fame from Roan
Lady 14th — a fine old cow, still useful at the
age of fourteen years.

The Bessies. — This tribe came to Uppermill
in 1862 and, like the Roan Ladys, was acquired

OTHER NORTH COUNTRY HERDS. 050

by purchase from Mr. Whitehead. The latter
had obtained the blood from Barclay of Ury.
It is one of several valuable Scottish sorts trac-
ing in the maternal line to Mary Anne, by
Sillery. The Bessies are now well known in
connection with the champion show bull Sign
of Riches (60324), sold in 1898 for export to
South America and called by many good judges
the best Short-horn IjuU in Great Britain at the
time of his exportation. He was a bull of ex-
traordinary depth and wealth of flesh that
overcame all opposition not only at the High-
land show but at the Royal Dublin. He was
sold at auction in Buenos Aires for £650. and
one of his sons (Farrier) was recently sold in
Argentine by the Messrs. Nelson for £1,300.

The Claras. — Mr. ^larr, in common with
nearly all of the other Aberdeenshire lireeders,
was indebted very largely to the Ury idood of
Capt. Barclay for his foundation stock. In ad-
dition to the Ury tribes already mentioned he
obtained in 1860 from Mr. Shepherd of Shethin
the cow Clara 10th, descended from Clara 2d,
by The Pacha, bred by Barclay. The Claras
are recognized in the North of Scotland as one
of the soundest of the old local sorts, and in
1876 Clara 28th of this line, sired by (iold Dig-
ger (24044), was a pioiiiineut prize-winner.
Slu^ possessed gi-eat scale and rare beauty of
conformation. Several specimens of this fam-

660 A HISTORY OF SHORT-HORN CATTLE.

ily have been imported to the United States
and Canada.

The Emmas. — This family came to Upper-
mill about 1870 through the cow Emma 2d, by
Golden Eagle (26267). She carried six succes-
sive crosses of bulls bred by Mr. Cruickshank,
and one of her heifers, bred by Mr. Marr, known
as Emma 3d, was imported into Illinois in
1876, where she became the dam of the cham-
pion twin heifers Emma 4th and 5th, that ac-
quired so much celebrity in the herd of Messrs
Potts. Indeed, it may fairly be claimed that
the exhibition of these massive, heavy-fleshed
cows contributed largely toward building up
the demand for Scotch-bred Short-horns that
set in throughout the Western States about
the time of their exhibition. Another noted
animal of the Emma tribe was the bull Earl of
Mar (47815), imported into Canada by Francis
Green. He was a roan from Emma 2d, the
matron of the tribe at Uppermill

The Goldies. — The original Goldie was bred
by Messrs. Smith & Co. of Inverness. She was
a remarkably fine specimen of the breed, hav-
ing for sire the Sittyton-bred Goldsmith (14632).
She came to Uppermill about 1858, where she
produced in 1865 the bull Gold Digger that was
sold to the late Mr. Duthie, father of the pres-
ent William Duthie of Collynie. He proved
such a good sire that he was bought back for

OTHER NORTH COUNTRY HERDS. 061

Uppermill and rendered valualde service.
Goldie was fed for exhibition at the Smithfield
Show in London, where she was a prize-winner
after having produced four calves. She was
regarded as one of the best Short-horn cows of
lier time, and some of the best of all the Up-
[)ermill Short-horns trace descent from her. A
white bull calf of this tribe, called The White
Knight, has recently been bought by Mr.
Duthie for service at Colly nie at 140 guineas,
lie was sired l)y Wanderer out of Goldie 85th.

Sittyton sorts.— In addition to his own fam-
ilies as above enumerated Mr. Marr added to
the herd at Uppermill representatives of Mr.
Cruickshank's Butterfly and Duchess of Ciloster
tribes. In the hands of Mr. Marr the Butter-
flys have been known as Blythesomes. It will
1)0 remem))ered that this sort was obtained by
Mr. Cruickshank from Cajit. Barclay. The hrst
of the family went to Uppermill in 1880. A
lilythesome bull calf recently brought 220
guineas from P. L. Mills of Kuddiugton Hall.
The Duchesses of (Jloster at l^pperujill are de-
rived from Duchess of Gloster 85th, bred at
Sittylou ill 1SS5.

Early Sires at Uppermill.- One of the lirst
bulls bought by Mr. Mair was Clarendon
(14280), a red. obtaiin^d in 1S.")() from the old
herd at Shethiii. Ib^was always thought an
e.\tra good I mil and a rare stock-getter. He

662 A HISTORY OF SHORT-HORN CATTLE.

belonged to the Princess Royal family. An-
other valuable bull obtained from Shethin and
placed in service in 1859 was the beautiful roan
Lord of Lome (18258), sired by the famous
Cherry Duke 2d (14265), and tracing on the
dam's side through the Lovely line afterward
so famous at Sittyton. Lord of Lome was one
of the most potent influences in the develop-
ment of the original herd. Uppermill early
gave its adherence to Sittyton, the hrst of the
Cruickshank bulls to go there being Lord Sur-
rey (20230) and Lord Lyons (22173). The
former was bought in 1861 and the latter in
1864. They were both reds and both proved
satisfactory sires. Resort was next had to
Kinellar. Young Pacha (20457) and Prince
Louis (27158), both red, were obtained from
Mr. Campbell. The former left some good
cows and heifers and Prince Louis proved a
tower of strength. He was a bull of great sub-
stance, very thick in his flesh and stood near to
the ground. In the course of a recent letter to
the author the younger Mr. Marr says: "I be-
lieve the thickness of the Uppermill cattle is
to this day partly due to Prince Louis." It is
interesting in this connection to note that his
dam, the Cruickshank-bred Nonpareil 24th, was
a daughter of Lord Sackville (13349), whose
extraordinary value as a sire was not suffi-
ciently recognized at Sittyton. Prince Louis

OTHER NORTH COUNTRY HERDS. 063

was followed by the first h<)me-l)reci bull to be
placed in service, to- wit.: Gold Digger (24044).
As already mentioned he was out of the great
cow G oldie and was used for a time by the late
Mr. Duthie. He is said to have been a very
grand red bull, possessing great width and
depth. One branch of the Missies traces
through Missie 20th, by Gold Digger. He was
followed by the Highland Society's prize bull
Macduff (26773), a roan, bred by Mr. Bruce of
Broadland. A large family of Missies descend
through Missie 30tli by this bull.

Heir of Englishman (24122).— This great
show-yard champion was bought forUppermill
in 1869 at four years of age. He was bred by
G. R. Barclay of Keavil, Perthshire, who was
also the breeder of the famous Baron Booth of
Lancaster 7535, so celebrated in America. The
Heir was got by Englishman (19701) out of the
handsome cow Seraphina 13th. belonging to
Lord Sudeley's renowned family of that name.
He was a roan, showing pronounced Short-
horn character, great substance, length, qual-
ity and style, and was a leading prize-winner
at all the National shows of his day. including
both the Hoyal and \\\o Highland. Amos
Cruickshank is said to have been owo of his
greatest admirers, and remarked to Mr. Marr
that the bull's head and t\V(^ alone weiv worth
the price paid for him. Mr. Marr was ofTered

664 A HISTORY OF SHORT-HORN CATTLE.

double the sum given for the bull by the Sitty-
ton management. Heir of Englishman gave
the Uppermill herd its first great popularity.
His progeny were eagerly sought by foreign
buyers and were easily recognized on account
of their singular uniformity. It is doubtful if
any bull ever used in Aberdeenshire left a
greater impress upon North Country Short-
horn breeding. He was used at Uppermill for
seven years.

Young Englishman (31113), a red, sired by
the Heir out of Missie 19th, developed into
a bull of great thickness and succeeded his sire
in service. He proved a good getter as well as
a fine show bull, and Mr. Marr had the cour-
age to refuse an offer of £300 for him, which
was in those days a fabulous price for a Scotch-
bred Short-horn. About this same time sev-
eral other home-bred bulls were tested, among
others Midshipman (29372), that was used for a
year and then sold for export to Australia at a
long price. He was a bull of lemarkable thick-
ness, and several of his daughters were brought
to the United States and Canada.

Cherub 4th (83359).— The Seraphina blood
as evidenced in the two bulls just mentioned
gave such eminent satisfaction at Uppermill
that Mr. Marr next purchased the roan Cherub
4th, bred by Lord Sudeley and sired by Manda-
rin (29269) out of Booth's Seraphina by Baron

OTHER NORTH COUNTRY HERDS. 665

Booth (21212), the sire of Mr. Pickrell's Baron
Booth of Lancaster. Mandarin was a white
bull with roan ears, got by the Bates-bred 2d
Duke of Wetherby (21618) out of Seraphina
15th; so that Cherub 4th was an inbred Sera-
phina carrying a Bates as well as a Booth cross.
He was a dark roan of pronounced substance
and quality and cost 200 guineas at twelve
months old. He was a capital stock-getter and
his bulls made the highest prices obtained by
Mr. Marr in the old days.

Athabasca (47359).-In the selection and
use of this valual)le Cruickshank bull we have
an admirable illustration of the advantage pos-
sessed by Old Country breeders in the matter
of disregarding color in bulls chosen for stock
purposes. Athabasca was a white, bred at Sit-
tyton from the prize i)ull Pride of the Isles
(35072) out of Azalea (dam of the most cele-
brated of all latter-day Cruickshank bulls. Field
Marshal), by Ca?sar Augustus (25704). He was
bought in 18S1 and used at Upporniill for seven
years with complete success. His young bulls
were in keen demand and his heifers, as a rule,
were of a refined and excellent breeding
type.

Since Athabasca's time hoik^ l.nf Cruick-
shank bulls liavo I)een used at l'i)permill. He
was succoedod hy Lord Lavender (54l)l(;). hy
Cumberland out of Lavender 15th.

666 A HISTORY OF SHORT-HORN CATTLE.

William of Orange (50694). — This great
Cruickshank bull was bought at Sittyton as a
calf in 1883. He was a red, sired by Roan
Gauntlet out of Orange Blossom 21st by Caesar
Augustus, and was retained in service at Up-
permill until twelve years old. His record as
a sire is a source of pride to all who are inter-
ested in the fortunes of the Aberdeenshire cat-
tle. He was a red, possessing strong individu-
ality, wonderful constitution, a grandly-spread
and admirably-covered back, and extraordinary
quality. As seen at Uppermill by the writer
in 1892 he impressed us as the best aged bull
of the breed we had the privilege of examining
in all Britain, and his progeny were almost
without exception well above the average in
merit. Among the best of his get may be men-
tioned Gay Monarch and Master of the Mint
(both brought to America), Mountaineer and
the dam of Marengo. His daughters have
proved mines of wealth to the proprietors of
Uppermill.

Later Sittyton sires at Uppermill. — After
William of Orange came Sea King (61769), a
good dark roan of the Spicy family, sired by
Gondomar (55821) out of Sea Foam by Gondo-
lier (52956), tracing to Silvery by Champion of
England. Then came Dauntless (54155), Cap-
tain of the Guard (58956) and Wanderer (60138),
the latter sire of the 330-guinea bull Scottish

OTHER NORTH COUNTRY HERDS. 607

Champion, sold to Mr. Duthie. Wanderer is
still in service (1899) at eleven years of age.
The Uppermill young bulls have been sold at
public auction annually since 1856. Showing
has been discontinued since aljout 1870.

Mr. Marr Sr. departed this life a few years
since after a long and useful career, having
contributed largely to the upbuilding of the
reputation which the Aberdeenshire Short-
horns have attained on both sides the Atlantic.
His son William S. succeeded to the owner-
ship and management of the herd.

Lethenty. — Mr. Anthony Ci-uickshank had
two sons, John W. and Edward, both of whom
always manifested a deep interest in Short-
horns. Upon the death of their father they in-
herited his interests in the Sittyton herd, which
they retained until its final dispersion. In ad-
dition to holding this interest in the parent
herd the brotliers undertook at Lethenty, near
Inverurie, Al^erdeenshiro. the establishment of
a partnership herd. The foundation .of the herd
was laid in the early "seventies'' and Booth
blood was made the standard. The herd at-
tained considerable proportions and was bred
with a good degree of success for some years,
l)eing finally dispersed at auction.

After the sale of the Booth cattle Mr. Edward
Cruickshank founded at liethonty a second
herd, drawing part of his material from Sitty-

668 A HISTORY OF SnORT-nORN CATTLE.

ton and [rdvt from Longnioi'o of Rettie. As
has already been stated the Longmore Sliort-
horns ranked anu^ng the best ever produced in
Scothmd. the herd dating from about 1888, and
at the time Edward Cruickshank purchased fe-
males of that breeding the Kettie stock carried
a good percentage of Sittyton blood. Edward
had an idea that these large-framed, good-milk-
ing cows WDuld ""nick" well with Sittytou
sii'es, and. as the (jiiestion of fresh blood for
the i)arent herd was often considered l)y J\li\
Amos ('iiii<'kshaid<. it was agreed l)etween Ed-
ward and his uncle that the proposition of the
foi'mer to select good Longmore cows for mat-
ing with Sittyton bulls was likely to result in
success and })(M'hai)s prove the means of pi'o-
viding a desirable oiitci'oss foi- the now strong-
ly-inbred Crui(d<shank stock. Five of these
Longmore cows were bought at the Kettie dis-
l^ersion of ISSl. consisting of three daughters
and two granddaughters of Lord Forth (2()641)).
a red bull hrcMl at Sittyton from Forth (17S(*)())
out of Autumn Hose by Lord Raglan. The
richl3'-tieshed. low-standing roan bull Perfec-
tion (37hsr)). sired l)y Bridesman (30586) out of
Russian Violet by Scotland's Pride, was se-
cured from Sittyton and placed in service.
This bull was distinguished for his quality and
even distribution of thick flesh, and crossed
with Longmore cows proved a distinct success.

OTHER NORTH COUNTRY HERDS. 669

He was followed in service by one of his sons,
Prince Rufus (51920), descended on his dam's
side from the llettie stock. He was a capital
individual, being shown with success as a calf,
yearling and two-year-old. About 1887 Edward
Cruickshank resolved to give up farming and
take up his residence in England, closing out
practically the entire herd at private sale to
the Hon. John Dryden of Canada.

Collynie.— The herd of Mr. William Duthie,
upon whose shoulders the mantle of the late
Amos Cruickshank seems to have fallen, occu-
pies such a commanding position in the Scotch
Short-horn trade at the present time that it
must form the subject of further reference in a
subsequent chapter. As its foundations, how-
ever, date back to about the year ISofi it must
be included in this connection among the Aber-
deenshire stocks contemporaneous in date with
the herd at Sittyton.

Mr. Duthie's father was a near neighbor of
Mr. (*rnickshank and kept a few Short-horns on
tlie farm of Collynie — one of the Earl of Aber-
deen's many estates in that vicinity — some tifty
years since. At the dispersion sale of the good
herd of Mr. Jonathan Whitehead of Little
Methlick, in lSr)(), he purchased the foundation
d;ims of three tribes that are still to ho found
in the htM-d; one of which has the same (Origin
as the Roan or Red Lady tribe at Uppermill

670 A HISTORY OP SHORT-HORN CATTLE.

already mentioned. In common with other
Aberdeenshire breeders Mr. Duthie Sr. sought
at all times cattle of the useful, practical sort,
and long before the Sitty ton dispersion the herd
had acquired pronounced merit and a high local
reputation. It was not, however, until the
present proprietor, Mr. Wm. Duthie, made his
memorable purchase of Sittyton cattle after
Mr. Amos Cruickshank gave up breeding, that
the Collynie Short-horn became an important
factor on both sides the water. As American
breeders are interested more particularly in the
later history of the herd comment as to its
character is reserved until the subject may be
reached in its proper order.

u.

o

Q

K

1^1

w

ni

ffi

"^ ^

^

o

•~ ;

a

^ j;

Xl

V>

5

"ft ^5

>— I

&.

«v-i

§

■^ b

<

.. ■*

^

;;

03

>l

0

II

Jl

=>!

■^" i

-* ^

l/)

>

h

?.^

H

0

Q.

K

i-j

CHAPTER XXI.

RISE OF SCOTCH POWER IN AMERICA.

The first importations of Scotch-bred Short-
horns to America were made in 1854 and 1856
by the Shakers of Union Village, Warren Co.,
0., and R. G. Corwine of Lebanon, 0., and con-
sisted of some thirty head, most of which were
bred by Douglas of Athelstaneford. The first
of the North-of-Scotland l)lood was brought by
the Illinois Importing Co., in 1857, from the
herd of Messrs. Cruickshank at Sittyton; and
the excellence of the two animals representing
that ))lood in this first Western importation is
amply attested by the fact that at the com-
pany's sale at Springfield the pair — consisting
of the bull Defender (12()87), by Matadoro
(11800), and the roan Nonpareil heifer Lady
Harriet — brought '^3,800 at auction. Notwith-
standing this early introduction of Scotch cat-
tle, the descendants of the New York, Ohio and
Kentucky impoi-tations from England, as we
have already shown, so dominated the trade in
tlio United Stat(\s that little attention was jiaid
tor many years to the operations of the Scotch
breeders.

(X

/

672 A HISTORY OF SHORT-HORN CATTLE.

Early importations into Ontario. — Although
Canada was linked with the mother-land by
many ties of blood and interest and numbered
in her rural population many farmers of Scot-
tish birth, the Dominion's interest in the North-
Country cattle did not manifest itself in any
appreciable degree until after the great revival
of breeding in North America that set in after
the close of the Civil War in the States.

During the period extending from 1854 to
1861 Geo. and Wm. Miller and Simon Beattie
made several importations from the herd of
Robert Syme of Red Kirk, Dumfrieshire. This
was a sound old stock of good local repute in
the south of Scotland, and some of the most
useful of the Canadian families of Short-horns
trace their descent from these purchases. A
very noted bull of Geo. Miller's importation
was Prince of Wales 50100, a showy roan that
was exhibited extensively in Canada and the
State of New York without meeting defeat.
Mr. William Miller of Pickering, Ontario, im-
ported cattle of Syme's breeding about the same
dates; some of the original selections being
made by his son, Mr. Wm. Miller (later of Lake-
side Farm, Iowa), then a young man making
his first tour of the old-country herds and flocks.
In the William Miller lot w^as the bull Red Kirk
(15138), a fine roan of medium size that was
sold for service in the State of New York. Mr.

RISE OB^ SCOTCH POWER IN AMERICA. G7o

Miller describes the Red Kirk heifers of that
day as among the best to be found in all Britain.
In 1857 Messrs. Armstrong of Markham brought
out the light-roan bull Fawkes (14539), of Red
Kirk breeding, a remarkably thick-tleshed, sul)-
stantial bull that proved a grand getter. In
1856 Mr. Geo. Roddick of Coburg imported
from the herd of Mark Stewart, Southwick.
near Dumfries, the heifer Nonpareil 6th in calf
to Lord Raglan (13244) and the young bulls
Brilliant by Baron of Ravensworth (7811) and
Prince Charlie by Lord Raglan. In 1861 Simon
Beattie imported three heifers and two bulls of
the Red Kirk blood, and in 1869 Wm. Miller of
Pickering brought out the grand roan show
heifer Ruberta— bred by Messrs. Game of Broad-
moor, Gloucestershire, England— that had a
successful career at the leading Western fairs
of the early "seventies."* Along with Ruberta

•Some facts concerning earlier Importations Into Canada from Engrland
may here be of Interest:

One of the first Importations Into the Dominion was that of Mr. Row-
land Wln^fiold, who brought out in im and in laTS six cows and holfers and
tlio while bull Younp Farniorfrid. Three of the females. Lilly, by Warden
15(Ui; Dairymaid, by Warwick (2815): Pedlproe. by Mynheer (2345). and Cow-
Blip, by Warwick (2815), were purchased by Kentucky breeders and taken
to that State.

About this same date Mr. Adam Fergrusson Imported the cows Beauty'
by Snowball (2H47), and Cherry, by a son of St. Albans (2584), topether with
the bull At^rlcola (I(il4). The latter was sold to po to New York. Beauty
and Cli.-rry were both roans from the hen! of James Chrlsp of NorthumUr-
laiid, and tlu- former pave rise to a family that afterwanl became very pojv
ular at How Park and elsewliere. In KW Thomas Mairs Imported the roan
bull Hold.-rness and the cow Strawln-rry. Anfedatlnp all of these was an
importation of four bulls said to have Ivwi ma.le by the New Brunswick
Agricultural Socl<-ty, thrive of wlilch were from the honl of Mr. Wethert>ll-

In 1846 Ralph Wade Sr. of Port Hope. Out., imported tho roan cows Ade-
43

074 A HISTORY OF SHORT-HORN CATTLE.

came the heifer Gola and bull Fawsley Chief
lOOol, both of Torr's breeding.

Notwithstanding these investments in Scotch
stock the English type of Short-horns con-
tinued to have the call in Canada, as well as on
this side of the border, for many years follow-
ing the Syme importations mentioned. Direct

line, Clarentine, Fisher Roan and Snowdrop, and the bull American Belted
Win (12394), mainly of Ralne's breeding. Some years later Mr. Wade also
imported a white cow. Newham Lily, bred by Mason Hopper from Belle
vllle (6778), and the roan bull Sir Charles Napier (13712), of same breeding

From 1854 to 1856 F. W. Stone of Moreton Lodge, Guelph, Ont., made six
importations, aggregating about thirty-four head. Mr. Stone's purchases
were made from some of the most noted herds of the time in England, in-
cluding those of Jonas Webb. J. S. Tanqueray. E. Bowly, Col. Kingscote, H.
Ambler, etc. Included in these shipments were the bulls John o' Gaunt 2d
(13089), Friar John (12905) and the 11th and 13th Dukes of Oxford, the latter
sired by the Bates bull 6th Duke of Oxford (12765), but not tracing to that
tribe on dam'.s side. Among the cows was the roan Margaret, by Snowball
8602, of Bowly's breeding, that gave rise to a numerous family bearing her
name; also a pair of Sansparell heifers, Isabella (Booth), from Bolden's,
and the roan Eugenie, from Ambler's, sired by imp. Grand Turk (12969).
These selections proved very valuable to the cattle interests of Canada,
and Mr. Stone made further large importations from England from 1870 to
1878.

In 1860 Dr. G. H. Phillips of Prescott imported five heifers and two bulls
from Ireland, one of the latter being Master McHale 5943. all of Booth
blood. In 1868 the Quebec Agricultural Society brought out the two heifers
Statesman's Daughter 2d and Princess, bred by J. Harward of Winterfold,
and the bull Oxford Gwynne 12551, bred by Chas. Howard of Biddenham.

In 1871 John Snell & Sons of Edmonton imported the roan bull British
Baron 13557. bred by Col. Towneley, and in 1874 the Booth-bred Knight of
the Rose 23646. In August, 1871. R.J.Stanton of Thornhill imported five
heifers from the herd of Mr. Fawkes of Farneley Hall, and the bull Baron
Mild Eyes from the herd of Col. Gunter. A second shipment was made by
Mr. Stanton in 1874 of three heifers from the Scotch herds of Messrs. J.
Whyte, J. Gordon and R. Binnie.

Jno. R. Craig of Edmonton imported in 1874 the red heifer Euphemiaand
heifer calf, bred by R. Stratton ; the cow Lady LeMoor, bred by T. Maynard,
and the roan heifer Waterloo J., bred by Sir W. C. Trevelyan of Northum-
berland. In 1881 Mr. Craig received from the famous herd of Lord Polworth
of Mertoun House, St. Boswell's, eleven heifers and seven bulls, all Booth-
topped.

Between 1874 and 1877 Mr. Jno. Hope imported for account of Hon. Geo.
Browu of Bow Park a large number of English-bred cattle, mainly of Bates

RISE OF SCOTCH POWER IN AMERICA. G7.">

importations from England to Ontario were
supplemented by purchases of stock of Englisti
descent made in the States.

The landing of Baron Booth of Lancaster and
Rosedale on Canadian soil Ijy Mr. Cochrane in
1867, followed by their sale and triumphant

blood, although his first shipment, made in 1874, contained several Booths
from the herd of Raymond Bruere. In 1876 the Canada West Farm Stock
Association, reference to which is made on pag-e 511, made heavy importa-
tions, chiefly of Bates blood, from leading English herds.

Between 1875 and 1880 Prof. G. Lawson imported some twenty-five bead,
representinfr a wide range of English blood, for the Central Board of Agri-
culture of Halifax, Nova Scotia.

In 187ti Thomas Boak of Milton Imported the roan cow Farewell and her
bull calf from the herd of Robt. Thompson of Inglewood, whose subst--
qnent successes in the English show-yard with the great MolUe Milllcent
and other noted prize winners gave his stock great celebrity. Along with
this Thompson cow came the roan bull Duke of Cumberland (53590).

In 1879 Wm. Linton of Aurora, received from the Linton herd at Sheriff
Hutton, Yorkshire, England, the cow Rachel, heifer calf Sheriff Hutton
Rose and the young bull British Hero (39506) ; both of the latter sired by the
famous Sir Arthur Ingram (32190). In 1883 he received from the same source
the cows Snowdrop and Fame 2d.

Between 1870 and 1881 Messrs. J. & R. Hunter of Alma, made several Im-
portations of Booth-bred cattle from the herds of Hugh Aylmer and T. E.
Pawlett. We believe they also imported one Crulckshank heifer in the
early " seventies," and they also had from J. Whyte of Aberdeenshire, the
Booth bull Knight of Warlaby 20163.

In 1881 the Government of St. John's. New Brunswick, imported a half-
dozen heifers from the herds of Hugh Aylmer of Norfolk, and T. Marshall
of Annan. Scotland, together with the bulls Bellman (■M406) and Musketeer,
bred by the Messrs. Mitchell of Alloa, Scotland.

From 1879 to 188;5 W. Murray of Chesterfield, made several shipments
from England, including Grand Duchess of Oxford t>9th and 5th Duke of
Holker (44(i87) from the herd of the Duke of Devonshire. Mr. Murray's Im-
portations represented the best Bates tribes.

Mr. H. Y. Attrlll, a capit.-ilist with large business interests In the Tnited
States and Can;ida. and the owner of a farm at Goderieh. Ontario. Imporiixl
in lasi Grand Duchesses 'iSth and ifSth. bred by R. E. Oliver of Sholebroke
Lodge, and the roan Bates Duchess bull .'>th Duke of Trogimter (.■«74.S). In
188;f he Imported two Grand Duchesses of Oxforil. one Baroness Oxfonl. one
Winsome Wild Eyes and a Barrlngton from the herd of the Duke of Devon-
shire.

Richard Gibson made extensive tmporUuions of Bates cattle from 1881
to 1883, most of wlilch were sold at good prices to breeders In the States.

676 A HISTORY OF SHORT-HORN CATTLE.

career in the show-yards of the West, forecasted
trade possibilities which the Dominion breed-
ers were quick to grasp. Tiie commanding
position assumed at once by Hillhurst has al-
ready been indicated, and while Mr. Cochrane
was operating in the deep waters of the Bates
and Booth speculation certain of his contem-
poraries in the province of Ontario were quietly
sowing the seed which was in time to work a
revolution in the Short-horn standards of two
continents.

First Sittyton cattle in Canada. — The earli-
est importation into Canada from Sittyton of
which we find record was a small shipment
made in 1859 or 1860 by Mr. Neil McGillivray
of Williamstown, consisting of the red cow
Honesty, by Procurator (10657) out of Fidelity
by Prince Edward Fairfax; her red bull calf
Baronet, sired by The Baron (13833); the roan
cow Model, by Matadore (11800) out of Bru-
nette by Prince Edward Fairfax; and the roan
bull Royal George (16866), by Master Butterfly
2d (14918) out of Princess Mary by The Baron.
These were accompanied by the roan heifer
Nina, of Mark Stewart's breeding, and a roan
heifer called Souvenir, bred by J. Grundy of
The Dales, near Manchester, England.

In the year 1867 Geo. Isaac, a Scotchman
who had settled in Canada in 1842, began im-
porting stock from the herd of his brother-in-

RISE OF SCOTCH P0WP:R IN AMERICA. 077

law, Mr. Campbell of Kinellrir. Mr. Isaac's
original importation consisted of the two red
yearling lieifers Isaljella and Margaret 3d, both
sired by Diphthong 3d (21547), and the bull calf
Prince Charlie (27123). This shipment was fol-
lowed three years later by a larger one from the
same source, which was destined to have a
marked influence upon the American trade. It
consisted of seven heifers and the two yearling
bulls Statesman 15539, a red roan of the Non-
pareil sort, and Wellington 15692. Among
the heifers were Golden Drop 2d (carrying
Golden Drop 3d by Sir Christopher), Miss Kams-
den 3d (carrying Miss Ramsden 4th), and Bloom
3d, in calf to Sir Christopher (22895). This was
tiie first of the celebrated Golden Drop family
brought to Ainerica, and the subsequent career
of that excellent Kinellar tribe in the West
contributed largely to building the Scotch
Short-horn fame on this side the Atlantic.
In 1872 Mr. Isaac supplemented his previous
importations from Kinellar l)y the purchase of
a half-dozen females of Mr. Campbell's breed-
ing, together with the roan Imll Inkermann
2()803. In 1874 Goorge Isaac's son Jdhn. of
Bowmanton, commenced his long sprios of im-
portations of Kinellar-bred cattle.

In 1870 Mr. .b)hn S. Armstrong of Guelpli
began with cattle drawn from tlu^ herd of \\\o
late Mr. Marr of rpperinill. The initial im-

678 A HISTORY OF SHORT-HORN CATTLfi.

portation consisted of four red two-year- old
heifers, one of which, Missie 23d, belonged to a
tribe now holding high rank on both sides the
Atlantic. In 1871 Mr. Armstrong imported a
red yearling heifer of Mr. Cruickshank's breed-
ing— Lady Florence, tracing to Picotee — and a
red yearling heifer, Golden Bracelet, from Mr.
Duthie's, a granddaughter of Velvet by Cham-
pion of England. In 1873 Mr. Armstrong made
a large shipment, mainly from Uppermill, a
number of which were sired by Heir of English-
man (24122). These cattle met with a favor-
able reception at the hands of the Ontario
farmers, and in 1876 Mr. Armstrong made a
further importation from the herd of Mr. Marr.
The Athelstane blood. — One of the most
valuable importations that ever crossed the
Atlantic was that made by Hon. David Christie
of Paris, Ontario, in August, 1864, from the far-
famed herd of Douglas of Athelstaneford. It
included the great four-year-old cow Queen of
Athelstane, got by Sir James the Rose (15290)
out of the Bates-bred Playful by 4th Duke of
York (10167); her yearling heifer Princess of
Athelstane, by Watchman (17216); the roan
heifer calf Crown Princess of Athelstane, by
Next of Kin (20405); the red three-year-old
heifer Pride of Athelstane, by Sir James the
Rose out of Lady of Athelstane by the prize
bull Hymen (13058); the red six-year-old Pla-

RISE OF SCOTCH POWER IN AMERICA. 679

cida, by Master of Athelstaiie (14983), and her
bull calf by Knight of Athelstane (20075), and
Queen of Athelstane's roan bull calf, Crown
Prince of Athelstane (21512). As stated on
page 649, these cattle represented some of the
leading show-yard celebrities of their time in
Great Britain.

In 1868 Mr. Christie brought out from Eng-
land the red-and-wdiite Booth bull Knight of
St. George 8472, bred by Mr. Carr of Yorkshire
and sired by Prince of the Realm (22627) out of
Windsor's Queen by Windsor (14013). Bred to
Crown Princess of Athelstane, Knight of St.
George sired Crown Prince of Athelstane 2d
16585, calved in 1872, that was sold to John
Miller and James T. Davidson. The latter bred
him to some of his best Cruickshank cows, the
cross proving one of the greatest ''hits"' known
in the American Short-horn trade. The Scotch
cattle bearing this cross, in the hands of Messrs.
Kissinger, Wilhoit, Potts and others in the West-
ern States, were distinguished for their consti-
tution, thrift and feeding quality, contributing
some of the most successful cattle ever pro-
duced on this side the Atlantic.

Cruickshank cattle at the shows.— Mr.
Joseph S. Thompson of Mayheld, Whitby, On-
tario, made an importation by the ship Euro-
pean in August, 1S7(I, that fairly entitUnl liim
to the credit of having tirst brought the Sitty-

680 A HISTORY OF SHORT-HORN CATTLE.

ton cattle into that prominence which they
have ever since held in this country. It was
this memorable shipment that brought to our
shores the reel Champion of England heifers
Sylvia (running through Lord Sackville to the
Secret foundation) and Christabel, tracing to
the Kilmeny base. These two grand specimens
of Amos Cruickshank's breeding were showm as
yearlings at the Provincial fair held in Toronto
the year of their importation, coming against
John M. Bell's famous roan heifer Empress,
tracing to the old Red Kirk stock. Three bet-
ter yearlings have probably never been seen in
one American show^-yard, and wdien the entries
from Sittyton were placed first and second
respectively the Cruickshank cattle at once
acquired favorable repute. They were the first
specimens of that breeding exhibited in Can-
ada, and from that time forward a large con-
tingent of Dominion breeders never wavered in
their allegiance to the Sittyton stock. The
heifers above mentioned were bought in the
fall of 1870 by the late Simon Beattie for Col.
Wm. S. King of Minneapolis, Minn., and in the
Western States they made many fast friends
for the Aberdeenshire blood. Sylvia developed
into an 1,800-lb. cow of magnificent substance
and flesh, inheriting much of the extraordinary
thickness and quality of her sire, and at the
great Jacobs sale at West Liberty, la., in 1875

RISE OF SCOTCn POWER T\ AMERICA. 681

was conceded to be the best animal offered,
commanding the long price of S2.500. Tiiis,
therefore, was the real ))eginning of a wide-
spread appreciation of the Sittyton cattle in
America, although it was many years before
their undoubted merit for practical purposes
was fully recognized.

Along with Sylvia and Christabel came the
Sittyton heifer Butterfly's Rose, the good roan
heifer Minnie's Annandale (bred by Currie of
Halkerston, near Edinburgh), the Kinellar-bred
heifers Clementina 1st and 2d, and the roan
Cruickshanlv Orange Blossom bull Grand Duke
of Orange (287()2), sired by Scotland's Pride out
of Orange Blossom 4th by Champion of Eng-
land.

Violet's Forth. — The enthusiasm with which
the Cruickshank importation above mentioned
was received in Canada and the West induced
Mr. Thompson to make a larger importation
from Scothind the following year. From Sitty-
ton he obtained one of the best cows ever sired
by the grand show bull Forth, the roan Violet's
Forth, then in her sixth year, safe in calf to
Crcsar Augustus. Mr. Cruickshank parti^d witli
this cow reluctantly, but her subse{iuent exhi-
bition at the shows of the Central West, follow-
ing, as it did, the appearance of Sylvia and
Christal)el, enhanced nuiterially American aj)-
preciation of his efforts. Violet's Forth was

682 A HISTORY OF SHORT-HORN CATTLE.

sold to William Stewart of Franklin Grove, 111.,
and produced the bull Champion of the West
13632, afterward sold for $1,000. Stewart sold
the cow to John Haley Spears of Menard Co.,
111., one of the great showmen of his time, who
exhibited her with success at the leading West-
ern fairs, selling her at auction at nine years
old to Mrs. Kimberley of Iowa at $1,000.

The Golden iJr ops.— Another grand Scotch
cow brought out by Mr. Thompson was Golden
Drop 1st, a red -roan of same age as Violet's
Forth, bred by Mr. Campbell of Kinellar, and
sired by Prince of Worcester (20597) out of
Golden Drop by Scarlet Velvet. Violet's Forth
had decidedly the stronger back and loin, but
in other respects Golden Drop 1st was her
equal. She passed into possession of Messrs.
John Snell & Sons, Edmonton, Ont., but like
Sylvia and Violet's Forth she was sought by the
enterprising breeders of the West. At Snell's
sale of 1874 she was bought by Messrs. A. H. &
I. B. Day of Utica, la., owners of one of the
most noted show herds of the early "seventies,"
at $1,125, and in their hands added fresh luster
to the Aberdeenshire fame in the New World.
Her red-roan heifer of 1871, Golden Drop 4th
by Sir Christopher (22895), also imported by
Mr. Thomx^son, possessed much of her mother s
merit. She was sold to Mr. George F. Wastell
of Fort Huron, Mich. Mr. Thompson also im-

RISE OF SCOTCH POWER Ix\ AMERICA. 088

ported the roan Golden Drop 6th, .si)-ed by Sir
Christopher out of Bloom 4th by Prince of
Worcester.

Thompson's other importations.— In addi-
tion to the valuable cattle above mentioned,
Mr. Thompson's importations from 1870 to 1874
included the Cruickshank-bred cow Village
Bud, a roan by Scotland's Pride, and her daugh-
ter Village Blossom, by Ben Wyvis (30028). Vil-
lage Blossom passed into the possession of the
Messrs. Watt of Salem, in whose hands she pro-
duced the most celebrated show bull of recent
years in Noiih America— Young Abbottsburn
110679. Another cow of the Thompson impor-
tations that left a valualde progeny was the
red-and-white Rasp])erry. bred by C. Bruce of
Huntley, Scotland, got by the noted Kinellar
sire Prince of Worcester (20597). John Collard
of Iowa paid $1,015 for her in Canada in 1874.
There was also obtained at Sittyton Kathnrine
by Alhm, and Finesse, daughter of Finella by
Champion of England; from James Currie came
Cowslip, Minnie Ilalkcrston and a pair of Crim-
son Flowers, along with several good bulls from
the herdsof Campbell, Marr and the Duke of
i^ucclench.

In 1S<1 Mr. If. Thompson imported tlie roan
UoUev Lady Cecil from the herd of the Duke of
niiccl(Mi('h. the roan heifer Stamford 8th from
I'ppennill. and tln^ hmI yearling Bnttertlv bnll

684 A HISTORY OF SHORT-HORN CATTLE.

Breadalbane (28073), sired by Champion of Eng-
land, from Sittyton. In 1872 W. Thompson of
Markham imported from the Cruickshank herd
the red heifer Michigan Casket, by Senator
(27441) out of Cactus by Champion of Eng-
land.

John Miller's first shipment. — In August,
1870, Mr. John Miller of Brougham, son of Wil-
liam Miller Sr. of Markham above mentioned,
made his first importation; bringing out the
roan Rose of Strathallan — a cow of great scale
and substance that had been a prize-winner in
Scotland — bred by Lord Strathallan of Perth,
and sired by Mr. Cruickshank's Allan- (21172).
She was in calf at the time to the Booth bull
Prowler (22662), and dropped to that service the
red Lord Strathallan 17591, that developed into
a handsome show bull, sold to Mr. S. F. Lock-
ridge of Greencastle, Ind., at 12,500 and winner
of a large number of prizes and challenge cups
both in Canada and the States.* In this same
importation were a number of English- bred

*Mr. Locbrldge says of this bull: "Lord Strathallan was a nearly solid
red, not a dark red, but what mig-ht be called a golden red, of great scale,
weighing in fair show condition 2,400 lbs., and could easily have been made
to weigh 2,500 lbs. He was a bull of great length, and, while not remarka-
bly short in the leg, was deep of body and wide from end to end, with
oblique shoulders, well filled behind them, well-sprung ribs, wide in the
chest, with the most remarkable development of brisket I ever saw in a
bull. He was good In twist and thigh, a little light in flank, and not so long
of hip as the rules of proportion rcQuire, perhaps, but compensated for
that defect by extra width at that point. He had a beautiful head, set on a
neck clean and small at the throat-latch, swelling in symmetrical lines into
the great chest. His horn was short and flat, thick at the base and on a
level with the top of the head. The carriage of the bull was superb. I do

RISE OF SCOTCH POWER IN AMERICA. 685

heifers, including the Booth-bred Gaiety and
Madame Booth, l)oth fmiu Killerby and got by
Brigade Major (21312).

In July, 1871, John Miller brought out nine
heifers, including Missie 32d, from Uppermill,
Oxford Lady from Col. Towneley's, and several
from the herd of T. Marshall of Annan, Scot-
land. In 1872 Mr. Miller imported the Booth-
l)red General Prim (31234), of Hugh Aylmer's
breeding.

James I. Davidson. — One of the earliest and
most consistent supporters of Sittyton in Can-
ada was Mr. James I. Davidson of Balsam, On-
tario. A native of Aberdeen, who emigrated
to Canada in 1842, he enjoyed the personal
friendship and confidence of Mr. Amos Cruick-
shank, and after it appeared that the Sittyton
sort were winning their way in America he be-
came for some years the leading importer and
distributor of cattle of that type on this side
of the Atlantic.

Mr. Davidson l)egan l)reeding Short-horns
about 1860 with a heifer by Fawkes (14539),

not think I ever saw anything quite equal to it. So good a Judge as Davy
Grant once said of him on the sliow frround that if he possessed the Instru-
meiits and skill of tin" sculptor he couldn't carve a more perfect front. He
Impressed Ills qualities upon Ills liolfer calves in a much larger dejrri-e than
upon his bull calves. All his lieifers wei^ very like ijim, but his bull
protreiiy were inor« prone to follow the characteristics of their d.ims.

"Loi-d Strathallan was what might lx>calle<l ainlsoellaneously-bred bull,
but from the best sources. The blood of nearly all of the grt?at English
breeders was In his llneatre. Mason, Towneley. Douglas, Kuightley. Booth
and Oriiickshaiik all contributed In more or less degree to the constitution
of his blood lines."

t

686 A HISTORY OF SHORT-HORN CATTLE.

running on the dam's side to imp. Esterville.
She proved a good investment. In 1862 he
purchased from George Miller of Markham the
good cow Cherry, by Prince of Wales (18630),
that also did well. It was not until 1871 that
Mr. Davidson commenced importing direct from
Sittyton.* In June of that year Mr. Jamieson,
an Aberdonian relative — who was in the em-
ploy of Mr. Grant Duff for more than twenty
years — selected and shipped five heifers, includ-
ing Oak Wreath, a red by Allan (21172); Rose
Blossom, a red by Senator (27441); Matchless
15th, a red by Champion of England; Match-
less 16th, a roan by Senator, and Water Witch,
a red by Scotland's Pride. Two of these. Rose
Blossom and Matchless 15th, were among the
best Cruickshank heifers ever brought to this
country and were sold to the Messrs. Moffatt.
The other three were retained for a time, but
after a few years Oak Wreath was sold to Mr.

* Just before the dispersion sale of the famous herd of Grant Duff of
Eden was announced In 1853, Mr. Davidson wrote to his friend and relative
Mr. Jamieson, Mr. Duff's overseer, for a price on a g-ood yearling heifer. He
was advised that the price would be 40 guineas. Instead of sending the
money direct, Mr. Davidson forwarded a draft to a near relative, with in-
structions to procure and ship the heifer. The recipient of the money,
however, took it upon himself to decide that the price was too high and
determined to wait and execute the order at the sale. In order that Mr.
Davidson's agent might not make any mistake and bid on the wrong ani-
mal, Jamieson agreed to enter the ring during the sale and adjust the halter
on the heifer chosen. The plan worked all right until the bidding began,
but as the heifer was started at 50 guineas and in a few minutes was going
at 100 guineas, the order was never filled. This proved a costl.v interfer-
ence with Mr. Davidson's plans, as a granddaughter of the heifer in ques-
tion (Venus, by Grand Duke, Vol. XI, E. H. B.) during the "boom" days
of the seventies commanded the great price of $2,300 at a sale made by
Edward lies at Springfield, 111.

RISE OF SCOTCn POWER IN AMERICA. 687

Ludlow of Monroe, Wis., for -SSOO along with
her fifteen months' calf at $000. Water Witch
also came to the States at $100, and a fifteen
months' calf from Matchless 16th was sold to
C. Jordan of Iowa at $500.

In August, 1878, Mr. Davidson imported
Mysie 37th and a pair of Orange Blossoms
and in 1874 received the first large shipment
ever forwarded from Sittyton, consisting of
twenty head. This transferred to America
some of the most valuable blood of the Cruick-
shank herd, and from it have descended a large
number of the best Cruickshank cattle con-
tained in the breeding herds of Canada and the
Western States. It included such animals as
the Butterflys 3Gth, 43d and 44th, Acorn 2d,
Red Lady, IMysies 35th and SOtli, Autumn Lady,
Coral, Village Girl, Rosemary, Flora 6th,
Golden Galaxy, Evening Star, etc., besides the
bull Framework (33964). Soon after this im-
portation was landed Dr. Noel of Nashville,
Tenn., visited ^Mr. Davidson and purchased two
of the Sittyton heifers for $1,800. one of which
gave rise to the family since known as the
Tennessee Orange Blossoms. It was about this
time that Mr. J. II. Kissinger was at the zenith
of his career in the American show-yard, and
in 1S75 he was allowed to select some of the
"phinis" of this importation for the puri^ose
of strengthening his^huw herd and theCruick-

688 A HISTORY OF SHORT-HORN CATTLE.

shank cause in the States; taking out to the
West a car-load lot of Sittyton-bred cattle that
in after years proved a mine of wealth to the
breeders, feeders and farmers of the corn belt.
It was at this period that Mr. Davidson made
his fortunate use of Crown Prince of Athel-
stane 2d 16585 upon Cruickshank cows and
heifers. In 1876 Daniel Cookson of Iowa paid
$2,500 for five calves sired by this bull. An-
other, the heifer Rose of Sharon from imp.
Rosemary, was bought by Mr. Palmer of Mis-
souri at one of Kissinger's sales at $600, and won
championship honors at St. Louis, not meeting
defeat at any point on the Western circuit.
Crown Prince of Athelstane 2d was a prize-win-
ner himself, never having been defeated in the
show-ring. Mr. Davidson always refused to
price him and retained him in service until his
death, which occurred at seven years of age.
The extraordinary success of this Athelstane
cross in the States is referred to elsewhere.

From 1881 to 1887 Mr. Davidson had prac-
tically a monopoly of the handling of such
stock as Mr. Cruickshank could spare for the
American trade. It would require more space
than we have here at our command to enumer-
ate even the best of the many massive, thick -
fleshed, wide-bodied, short-legged specimens of
the Aberdeenshire type transferred to the New
World by Mr. Davidson during the period last

RISE OF SCOTCH POWER IX AMERICA. G80

named. Suffice it to say that the leaders of the
movement in ])ehalf of Scotch Short-horns in
the States, such as Messrs. Kissinger, Potts,
Harris, Cookson, Moffatt and their contempo-
raries profited hirgely by the admirable oppor-
tunity presented by Mr. Davidson's extensive
operations in Sittyton Short-horns.

Hon. John Dryden. — It was in July, 1871,
that Hon. John Dryden of Maple Shade Farm,
Brooklin, Ontario, one of the most intelligent
of all those who have given their adherence to
Short-horns in the Dominion, began breeding
and importing cattle of the Cruickshank blood.
In that year he was so fortunate as to secure
at 120 guineas from Sittyton the now famous
Mimulus, by Champion of England, then in her
three-year-old form. As has already been
shown, this red cow, as the dam of Mr. Cruick-
shank's Royal Duke of Gloster, contributed to
the Sittyton herd one of its controlling forces.
In this same importation was the red heifer
Mysie o4th, by Ca'sar Augustus; the roan three-
year-old 12th Duchess of Gloster, by Champion
of Enghind; the red cow Butterfly loth, by
Prince lmi)orial; the roan three-year-old (}neen
of Beauty, by Senator, and the red l)ull Stanley
(8251)4), by Caesar Augustus out of Sweet
Violet by Lord Stanley. Queen of Beauty cost
at Sittyton 1 10 guineas. vSlie became the gran-
daui of tlie show heifer Beauty's Bride, sold by

44

690 A HISTORY OF SHORT-HdRN CATTLE.

Mr. Dryclen as a calf to Mr. Kissinger and after-
ward owned by L. Palmer, at whose sale in
Chicago she brought in connection with her
bull calf $1,875.

Mimulus produced one heifer, that was sold
to Messrs. Potts. We are without information,
however, as to her career. The imported cow
produced several bulls, however, all of which
were exceptionally good, the best of them being
the roan Barmpton Hero (324 C. H. B.), by imp.
Royal Barmpton (45503), sold as a calf to Messrs.
Watt of Canada and used in their herd until
thirteen years old. He was shown for many
years, gaining more than thirty prizes, and was
never beaten but once, and then by a bull that
he had always defeated on every other occasion.
Barmpton Hero, it is claimed, has been the
progenitor of more prize stock in Canada in
recent years than any other bull of his time.
His blood could be traced for several genera-
tions among the prize-winners at Toronto and
other leading Dominion shows and is to this
day a frequent subject of comment in Canada.
He inherited the robust constitution of his Sit-
tyton ancestors, and one who examined him at
twelve years of age says: "I saw him shortly
before he went to the butcher, and he was still
as spry and active as a kitten."

Unfortunately the other sons of Mimulus did
not have an equal opportunity for distinguish-

RISE OF SCOTCH POWER IN AMERICA. GDI

ing themselves; as they did not go into herds
where they could make an effective impression.
Viewed in the light of the accomplishments of
Royal Duke of Gloster at Sittyton and of
Barmpton Hero in Canada, it will always be a
source of regret that the Mimulus blood was
not appreciated more thoroughly at the time it
was available. Speaking upon this point Mr.
Dryden says: "None of us knew the exact
value of these animals and of others which
have passed through our hands until it was
too late."

In 1873 Mr. Dryden imported from Sittyton
the roan heifer Columbia, by Lord Lancaster
(2()66()j, and the great roan bull Royal Barmpton
(45503), by Lord Lansdowne (29128) out of But-
terfly's Delight by Allan. Royal Barmpton was
undoubtedly the best bull Mr. Dryden ever
owned or used. He was considered so valua-
ble as a sire that it was deemed injudicious to
put him in high condition for the shows. He
was nevertheless successfully exhibited upon
several occasions. He was seen at one of the
Provincial shows in ev(Mi thiiiiuM' condition than
usual, and it was scarcely thought }>ossible that
he could head his class, but he was always re-
markably smooth and grew on one the more
he was examined. In sjjite of his lack of con-
dition he gained first honors in this instance,
receiving under the rule of the society at that

692 A HISTORY OF SHORT-HORN CATTLE.

time three times the amount of the prize
money on account of his being imported.
Royal Barmpton was finally sold to Mr. Jor-
dan of Iowa. In 1880 Mr. Dryden bought from
Mr. Cruickshank the four heifers Sunbeam, Vio-
let Bud, Orange Blossom 30th and Barmpton
Violet, together with the bulls Baron Surmise
(45933) and Lancaster Royal. Baron Surmise
afterward became the property of Col. C. A.
DeGraff of Minnesota. Violet Bud was sold to
Mr. Kissinger, from whom she was purchased
by Col. W. A. Harris. In May, 1881, Mr. Dryden
brought out from Sittyton the heifers Victoria
69th (sold to Kissinger and by him to Col.
Harris), Corn Flower, Sultana and Flora 17th.
In 1882 he imported Lavender 30th, Victoria
72d, Lavender Pride and the bulls Lord Glamis
(48192) and Aberdeen Champion (47313). In
1883 the roan heifers Arbutus and Lovely 37th
were imported.

Mr. Dryden is known throughout Canada as
one of the best farmers in the Dominion, and
has been called into public life as Minister of
Agriculture for the Province of Ontario. He
has always maintained the position that Short-
horns should be bred for practical and useful
purposes, regardless of the whims and fancies
of fashion. Believing, with others, that it was
inexpedient to endeavor to sustain the Cruick-
shank tribes in their purity for an indefinite

RISE OF SCOTCH POWER IN AMERICA. 008

period, Mr. Dryden was deeply interested in Mr.
Edward Cruickshank's experiment at Lethenty
in seeking a fresh cross for the Sittyton stock
through the medium of the Longmore cows,
reference to which is made on page 668. When,
therefore, Edward Cruickshank decided to give
up breeding on his own account in 1887 Mr.
Dryden purchased his herd and imported it
into Canada. We quote his own statement as
to this herd as follows:

It included forty animals— thirty females and ten bulls. Among
the bulls were two which were afterward somewhat used in my
herd— Sussex, bred at Sittyton, and Patriot, bred at Lethenty.
Of the females twenty-four were descendants from purchases at
Sittyton and the remaining six were descendants of the five supe-
rior cows bought at the dispersion sale of Mr. Liongmore at Rettie,
all of them being sired by Sittyton bulls and some having more
than one cross. The theory Mr. Ed. Cruickshank had was that
from among these cows he would be able with a cross of Sittyton
blood to secure a bull or bulls which would nick well with the
Cruickshank cattle. This was at a time when Amos Cruickshank
himself felt that in-and-in breeding had been continued as far as
was prudent, and he also was looking for outside material of this
kind. These Longmore cows I saw in Edward Cruickshank's
herd some years before and they were splendid animals of proa t
scale and good milking qualities, but with scarcely the early ma-
turing qualities which were found in the Sittyton cattle.

Of the bulls obtained from Mr. Cruickshank three are worthy
of special mention. The most attractive was Red Emperor 71419.
by Perfection out of the old Sittyton cow Harmony by Pride of
the Isles. Harmony belonged to the Goldie family of Mr. Marr"s
herd. Red Euiporor was sold to L. Miller of Maryville. Mo., and
won many prizes in the West. The next wa.s Sussex, belonging
to the Secret family, and a very thick and massive animal. An-
other bull which has done good .service was Pioneer, sold to Mr.
W. C. Edwards. Ho was out of one of the Rettio cows with two
or three crosses of Sittyton blood on the top. He was successfully
used by Mr. Edwards and was the sire of several prizo-winning

694 A HISTORY OF SHORT-HORN CATTLJE.

animals. In conversation with Mr. Edwards a few days ago he
stated that this was the most successful bull he had had up to
the present.

Of the Sittyton females at Lethenty two families are worthy of
special mention, namely, the Brawith Buds headed by the Sitty-
ton cow Grizelda, by Koyal Violet. This cow I had seen in the
herd some years before and she was perhaps the choice animal at
that time. She was an exceedingly steady and good breeder.
Two of the best that I imported of that family were Winterberry,
sired by Cawdor, used at Sittyton, and Orange Flower, sii'cd by
Perfection out of Winterberry. Orange Flower is still one of the
herd at Maple Shade. Both these cows were exceptionally low to
the ground and of great breadth and splendid heart room. They
always deceived every one who undertook to guess their weight.
Some of the other animals of the herd which looked very much
larger could not bring down the scales near to either of them. Of
the Jessie family, represented by the cow Roseberry, bred at Sit-
tyton, the two best cows were Brambleberry and Rowanberry,
the first by Perfection and the second by Prince Rufus, bred at
Lethenty and sired by Perfection. Brambleberry was a splendid
cow of considerable scale and low to the ground. Rowanberry
was of greater scale and greater length.

Of the Rettie lot secured I have always had a leaning for the
progeny of the cow Northern Belle.

Arthur Johnston. — The importation in 1874
of a pair of Scotch heifers in connection with
Mr. Birrell constituted the first investment
made by Arthur Johnston of Greenwood in im-
ported Short-horns. In 1881 he brought out
from Kent, England, the red bull Lewis Arundel
46433, bred by Messrs. Leney & Son. In 1883
he imported the Eoglish-bred Statira Duchess
2d and the Scotch-bred bulls Capt. Errant and
Bold Buccleuch. In August, 1884, he brought
out from Mr. Duthie's the roan bull Eclipse, l3y
Earl of March (33807), and in October of the
same year he landed a large and excellent im-

RISE OF SCOTCH POWER IN AMERICA. 61)5

portation which included the white Sittyton
heifer Allspice, an own sister to the celebrated
Field Marshal; four Lancaster heifers bred by
Nathaniel Reid of Aberdeenshire; two Clarets,
a Nonpareil and two Rosebuds from Kinellar,
and eight young bulls, seven of which were of
S. Campbell's breeding.

Mr. Johnston made several subsequent im-
portations and was the owner of the noted
roan Cruickshank Victoria bull Indian Chief
98651, the sire of some successful show stock,
including the fine roan bull Nonpareil Chief
11^)34 (a Kinellar Nonpareil), sold to Col. T.
S. Mobeiiey of Kentucky, and exhibited in the
States.

Miscellaneous Canadian importations. — In
1871 W. B. Telfer of Fergus imported the heif-
ers Duchess of Kent and Royal Alice from the
herd of W. Chalmers of Old What, Aberdeen-
shire, and the bull His Royal Highness (2SS()())
from same herd. In 1874 W. Major of White
dale imported five heifers and two bulls from
tlu^ herd of James Currie, Halkerston, near
Edinburgh, followed in 1875 by a shipment of
three heifers from the herd of J. W. Phillips,
Staffordshire, England, and one from the Berke-
ley Casth^ herd of Lofd l''it/.li;inlingc.

In 1874 Messrs. IJirroll ».V: Johnston of Green-
wood brought out from r[)perniill the dark-roan
yearling heifer Alexandrina (ith. and from the

()96 A HISTORY OF SHORT-HORN CATTLE.

herd of James Bruce of Burnside the red year-
ling Priscilla 7th. by Lord St. Leonards, a half-
sister to imp. Duke of Richmond (21525). In
1875 William Collum of Haysville imported
Aggie Buckingham and Airy Buckingham, of
Amos Cruickshank's breeding; the heifers Dor-
othy and Viscountess 2d, bred by John Law of
Aberdeenshire, and the bull Liberator, bred by
Robert Bruce.

In 1883 Thomas Russell of Exeter brought
out the heifers Border Charm and Border
Pride, of William Duthie's breeding, along with
two other heifers from the herds of A. Davidson
and John Johnson, and the red bull Lord
Ythan, bred by Mr. Duthie from the Cruick-
shank bull Shapinshay out of Lovely 25th. In
May, 1883, Francis Green of Innerkip made an
important importation, including Mysie 34th,
bred by A. Scott of Towie Barclay; Jewel 8th,
Countess 5th and Eliza 9th, from Mr. Duthie's;
Clematis, from Sittyton; Princess Royal 23d, in
calf to Athabasca, Patchouli, Clara 40th, and
the bull Earl of Mar (47815), of the Emma
tribe, from Mr. Marr's.

In 1884 Green Bros, of Innerkip imported
four heifers from the North of Scotland and
the bulls Enterprise and Earl of Roseberry
from the herds of Messrs. Duthie and Marr re-
spectively. Beginning with 1878 and continu-
ing until 1882, Mr. George Whitfield shipped

RISE OF SCOTCH POWER IN AMERICA. G97

out to his farm at Rougemont, Quoljec, some
fifty liead of Short-horns from various Scotch,
English and Irish herds. But while these rep-
resented some of the best British blood, they
scarcely received that attention at Rougemont
necessary to render them of special value to
American herds. They were finally scattered
without having left much impress on the trade.
The lies importation into Illinois. — The
first <lirect importation of Al)erdeenshire cat-
tle into the Western States, with the exception
of the pair included in the Illinois Importing
Co.'s shipment of 1857, was selected by one
of America's most famous herdsmen, David
Grant, for Mr. Edward lies of Springfield, III,
in August, 1874. Rarely has it ever fallen to
the lot of one man to buy two such celebrities
in embryo as were developed from this small
purchase of six head. There was but one l)ull
in the lot, but he proved a maker of histor3\
This was Duke of Richmond 21525. of Bruce's
breeding. There was but one Cruickshank
heifer in the lot — Orange Blossom 18th. by
Viceroy (32764) out of Orange Blossom 14th by
Knight of the Whistle (2()55S); second dam
Orange Blossom 12tli by Prince Imperial
(22505). Both of these animals were yearlings
at the time of their importation. Both were
sold to J. II. Kissinger: the Duke at the Ameri-
can record price of $4,500 for a Scotch l)ull and

698 A HISTORY OF SHORT-HORN CATTLE.

the heifer at $2,500. The latter was bought
later on by Mrs. Kiniberly of Iowa at the record
price for a Scotch female of $3,500. It thus ap-
pears that these two yearlings reached a com-
bined value of $8,000.

Concerning Orange Blossom 18th Mr. Kissin-
ger says: "She was a great heifer, a splendid
specimen of her noble race; a very short-
legged, thick, heavy-fleshed animal, such as it
was my delight to handle. I considered her one
of the best heifers that ever crossed the waters
or was ever bred by that grand old man —
Amos Cruickshank."'^'

In the herd of J. H. Potts & Son the Duke of
Richmond scored such a success both as a sire
and show bull that he is generally credited
with having contributed as much toward mak-
ing the reputation of Scotch sires in America
as any other one animal ever imported.

In addition to the celebrated animals named
Mr. lies imported Missie 40th from Uppermill
and the heifers Flora 3d, Flora 7th and Flora

* Orange Blossom 18th undoubtedly owed her extraordinary merit very
largely to her sire, Viceroy, that was got by Champion of England out of
the great show cow Violet's Forth. The bull Knight of the Whistle that
sired her dam was a roan, bred by Mr. Foljambe of Osberton Hall, and got
by the Booth bull Knight of the Garter (22062). It will be noted that the
second dam was sired by the Booth bull Prince Imperial (22595). Notwith-
standing this fact, Mr. Cruickshank always claimed that his herd never
received the benefit he had anticipated from the Booth blood. His experi-
ence with Bates blood, as it came in through cows purchased for the herd,
did not Indiiee him to place a very high estimate upon that for his pur-
poses. As we must accept his judgment upon both of these points— so far
as it applies to his own work— arrived at after careful trial, it seems clear
that Orange Blossom 18th derived her excellence from her sire's side of
the house.

RISE OF SCOTCH POWER IN AMERICA. 000

Belle, bred by J. Uonloii, Cluny Castle, Aber-
deenshire.

Robert Milne of Kelvin Grove. — Following
the lies importation there came the same year
from Sittyton a carefully-chosen and exceed-
ingly valuable lot, consisting of seven females
and one bull, selected just at the right time to
secure the richest of the Cruickshank blood.
The great Aberdeenshire herd was then Hear-
ing its period of highest excellence. Mr. Milne
was a native Aberdonian who enjoyed the
friendship and respect of Mr. Cruickshank, and
there can be no doubt that he secured in this
importation some of the very best cattle ever
sent to American shores. He had been breed-
ing Short-horns at his Kelvin Grove Farm, near
Lockport, 111., for many years; in fact, he was
one of the pioneer breeders of the State of his
adoption. Like Amos Cruickshank, he held
that the Short-horn's chief mission was to con-
vert the ordinary foodstuffs of the farm into
prime beef at a profit to his owner. Substance,
constitution and thrift were with him cardinal
points, and in this admirable selection from
Sittyton those characteristics found full exem-
plification. We believe that the animals were
picked by Mr, Cruickshank himself with a view
toward furnishini; ^Ir. ^lilne with a foundation
stock that should represent the best Sittyton
type.

700 A HISTORY OF SHORT-HORN CATTLE.

The bull selected was the red Viscount 18507,
calved in 1872, and sired by Lord Lansdowne
(29128) out of the good cow Red Violet by
Allan (21272); second dam the famous Violet
by Lord Bathurst (13173). Lord Lansdowne
was by Csesar Augustus, descending on the
dam's side through the Lovelys. Viscount's
development exceeded Mr. Milne's most san-
guine expectations. He matured into a bull of
extraordinary breadth of body and depth of
liesh. Indeed it is doubtful if a better sire has
been known in Western Short-horn herds; his
get inheriting his substance and capacity for
laying on flesh even to the second and third
generations; his daughters and granddaughters
in the herds of Messrs. Milne, Aldrich of Tis-
kilwa, and Cummings of Buda possessing great
scale and thickness and were frequently heavy
milkers.

The females of this importation were as fol-
lows: The roan Butterfly 34th; the red Butter-
fly 37th, by Champion of England; the roan
Corianda, out of the great Carmine Rose by
Champion of England; the red Secrecy, by the
greatest son of Champion of England — Grand
Duke of Gloster (26288); the red Bridal Flower,
by Scotland's Pride out of Bride Elect by Lord
Raglan ; the red Glitter, out of a Brawith Bud
cow by Champion of England, and the roan
Autumn Flower, out of Autumn Leaf by Cham-

RISE OF SCOTCH POWER IN AMERICA. 701

pion of England. Mr. Cruickshank must have
parted with this richly-bred consignment with
extreme reluctance, but he never did a better
stroke of business, so far as building up Ameri-
can trade was concerned, than when he for-
warded these to Illinois. Many of the best
show and breeding cattle of the past twenty
years in this country have caiTied the blood of
this Robert Milne importation.

Lowman and Smiths' importations. — Rank-
ing well up with the Robert Milne purchases,
and exceeding the Kelvin Grove lot in numbers,
the shipments of Sittyton and Uppermill stock
made by Mr. Davis Lowman and Messrs. Smith
of Toulon, 111., in 1875 and 1876 hold a place in
Western Sliort-horn history second to few other
importations of the century. The first lot,
brought out in June, 1875, included the roan
Lovely 18th, the red Buttertlys 45th and 46tli
from Mr. Cruickshank's, and Missie 35th,Goldy
18th and Red Lady 3d from Mr. Marr's, beside
Geraldine 7th, bred by J. Cochrane of Little
Iladdo. Mr. A. J. Dunlap of Galesburg, 111.,
bought Lovely 18th at $1,010 and Butterfly 4()th
at $850. For Red Lady8d Messrs. Pickrell gave
31,200, and for Missie 35th Edward lies paid
$G85. Butterfly 45th and Goldie 18th were sold
to John Bond, Al)ingd()ii. 111. The shipment of
187() included Grange Blossom 'Joth from Sitty-
ton, that was sold to L. Uaiina of Wavelaud,

702 A HISTORY OF SHORT-HORN CATTLE.

Ind., for $705, and afterward became the prop-
erty of Aaron Plumley of West Liberty, la.
There also came out on the same ship, as the
individual property of Mr. Lowman, a roan
heifer known as Victoria 51st, bred at Sittyton
and sired by Royal Duke of Gloster (29684) out
of a daughter of Victoria 39th by Champion of
England. This heifer was sold soon after im-
portation to Mr. Verry Aldrich of Tiskilwa, III.,
for 1600, and became the ancestress of one of
the best families of Cruickshank cattle of which
there is record in this country. Her daughters
and granddaughters were grand, big, massive
cows, with wonderful backs, great depth, re-
markable wealth of flesh, and were frequently
fine milkers. One branch of this famil}" passed
into the possession of Messrs. Cummings, Buda,
111., and later acquired great reputation in the
herds of Messrs. Sanger of Waukesha, Wis., Col.
W. A. Harris of Linwood and C. B. Dustin of
Summer Hill, 111. The champion show cow
Victoria of Hickory Park, of this line, was one
of the finest types of finish, flesh and substance
ever seen in Western shows. She died a few
years since, the property of Messrs. Dustin.
This shipment was also remarkable as includ-
ing the good breeding cow Emma 3d, of Upper-
mill breeding, that was bought by Messrs. Potts
for $700. In their possession she lived to an ad-
vanced age, giving birth to many high-class

RISE OF SCOTCH POWER IN AMERICA. 703

animals, among others the celebrated twin show
heifers Emma 4th and Emma 5th. Missie 39th,
of Mr. Marr's breeding, and Sybil 13th, from
Sittyton, were also of this lot.

Scotch success at the shows. — Col. William
S. King had given the Western States an ink-
ling as to the superior flesh and substance of
the Scotch type of cattle, and J. H. Kissinger
of Missouri, Messrs. Day of Iowa, and some of
their contemporaries had carried the demon-
stration of their feeding qualitj" to a convinc-
ing conclusion. About 1877 the Herefords were
pressing hard for recognition at the great
National shows, and those who bore the brunt
of the assault in behalf of the Short-horns
found in the North Country tribes a class of
cattle that had the constitution to withstand
heavy feeding, and that possessed the requisite
cajiiicity for taking on flesh at an early age.

Potts and the Duke of Richmond. — Fore-
most among those who contested every inch of
the Hereford advance of that period stood John
H. Potts & Son of Oakland Farm. Jacksonville.
111. Mr. Potts had made a modest beginning in
1868 by the purchase of the cow Belle More-
land, tracing on the dam's side to imp. Amelia
by Plato. She carried a cross of the blood of
the Sanders importation of 1817. luid. although
a cow of great individual merit, was purchased
at the low |)rice of $1)5. Within six years §1,8(MI

704 A HISTORY OF SHORT-HORN CATTLE.

worth of her descendants had been sold. Mr.
Potts had the good fortune early in his career
to secure the valuable show and breeding bull
Master Geneva 20368, bred in Kentucky and
sired by Prince Geneva, of Ben Bedford's Des-
demona blood, out of the White Rose cow Fan-
nie 2d by Stonewall Jackson 12988. An
illustration of this bull appears in Vol. XIV of
the American Herd Book. He was a red weigh-
ing in show condition 2.500 lbs., and it was with
a herd headed by him that ^lessrs, Potts first
engaged in the show business; their initial ap-
pearance being at the Dlinois State Fair at
Peoria in 1874. Master Geneva was a capital
stock-getter, and Mr. A. J. Dunlap once offered
$2,500 for him.

In May, 1876, Me^rs. Potts bought the famous
impori^ed Scotch-bred bull Duke of Richmond
21525 from J. fl. Kissinger. He was a red,
calv§=*in 1873, bred by James Bruce of Burn-
side, Fochabers. Scotland, sired by Lord St.
Leonards (29202) out of Fannie by Royal Errant
(22780). His sire, Lord St. Leonards, was a roan,
bred by Fawkes of Farneley Hall. Royal Errant
was of the Duke of Buccleuch's breeding, and
was the sire of many celebrated show cattle,
among others the bull Scotsman (27435), a win-
ner at the English Royal, imported by Mr. Coch-
rane and famous in the celebrated Lyndale
show herd of Col. William S. Kini?. The Duke

RISE OF SCOTCH POWER IN AMERICA. TO-")

of Richmond had been imported by Mr. lies of
Springfield in 1874 as a yearling, and was shown
for him by J. H. Pickrell at the fall fairs of that
year. He was a youngster of such unusual
promise that Messrs. Kissinger and Spears both
wanted him for their show herds. He had cost
Mr. lies $800, but the competition for his pos-
session in the fall of 1875 was so keen that Mr.
Kissinger was compelled to pay $4,500 for him,
in addition to giving six services valued at S50
each. In the spring of 1876 Mr. Kissinger de-
cided to disperse his show stock, and it was
then that Messrs. Potts acquired the Imll at
$2,250, besides the show cow Mattie Richardson
and other noted animals. Uuke of Richm(nid
was of medium size, but carried a i-are wealth
of thick flesh in compact form. He had breadth
and depth without superfluous height, and dur-
ing the campaigns of 1876 and 1877 proved
fairly invincilDle. Mr. Potts had purchased in
1875 the imported Scotch-brod heifer Priscilla
7th, also bred by Bruce of Burnside and got by
Lord St. Leonards the sire of Duke of Rich-
mond, and had also acquired the imported
Cruickshank cow Red Lady.

At the Illinois State Fair of 1877 Mr. C. M.
Culbertson exhibited the strongest herd of
Herefords yet seen in the United States, with
the famous bull Anxiety at its head. Gnwo
fears were entertained in the Short-horn camp

46

706 HISTORY OF SHORT-HORN CATTLE.

that the "white-faces" might bear away the
herd championship, and had it not been for the
stock of Messrs. Potts they would undoubtedly
have accomplished that trick. The herd which
thus successfully defended the honor of the
breed at a crucial period in its history consisted
of imp. Duke of Richmond, his half-sister, imp.
Priscilla 7th; two daughters of Master Geneva,
Josie 2d (a Pomona) and Geneva's Pride (trac-
ing to imp. Julia by Young Grant); Mattie
Richardson, an Amelia of Kissinger's breeding,
and Cassa 20th, a Rosabella, sired by Leonard's
Monarch. It is difficult for breeders of the
present day to realize the tension that existed
in these first great show-yard battles with the
Herefords in the West. The "white-faces"
were then a comparative novelty on this side
of the water and some were predicting that
they would soon supplant the Short-horns en-
tirely. It was felt that a serious situation con-
fronted the Short-horn breeding fraternity, and
on this account it is difficult to overestimate
the value of the service rendered at that time
by the Messrs. Potts.

The Fanny Airdrie "nick." — Fortunately
the Duke of Richmond proved a most impres-
sive sire. Mated with American-bred cows pos-
sessing scale and finish, he gave Western show-
yards and breeding herds a class of stock of
such undoubted merit for the feed-lot and the

RISE OF SCOTCH P0WP:R IN AMERICA. 70?

block that for many years his descendants in
the hands of Messrs. Potts and their contempo-
raries figured conspicuously in the prize lists of
all the leading State fairs and fat-stock shows.
While the Duke of Richmond was backed up in
the herd by the Marr-bred Emmas, the Sans-
pareils, and later by capital Cruickshank cows
and bulls, the creation of the Fannie Airdries
by the "nick" of Richmond blood upon a
Young Mary cow bred at James N. Brown's
Sons' Grove Park Farm, supplied sweeping proof
of the value of the "beefy" Scotch-bred bull as
a cross upon the native tribes. These Fannies
were thick-meated, wide-backed, fiue-lmned,
low-legged Short-horns, quite the equal of the
best Scotch sorts as individuals, and possessed
the faculty of breeding on satisfactorily from
one generation to another. The red l)ull Proud
Duke ol)!)!)!), got by the importe<l bull out of old
Fannie Airdrie, the matron of the family, not
only won many first and championship prizes
but was successfully crossed upon the Sittyton
Lavenders at Oakland, one brauch of wiiich has
proved such a valualde sort in the Hill Farm
herd of M(v^si-s. Dnstin.

Frederick William and "the twins."— An-
other famous son of the Duke of Ixichmoud was
the massive red Frederick William -:>iur). out
of Sanspar(Ml 2")th. Ib^ was tlit» sire of tin' far-
famed twin show cows Emma 4th and Emma

708 A HISTORY OF SHORT-HORN CATTLK.

5tli, bred by Messrs. Potts from Emma 3d, im-
ported from Uppermill. The twins were red
cows of great scale and substance and won-
derful flesh-carriers. For several seasons they
were the best Short-horn cows on the show cir-
cuit. Frederick William was also exhibited
with success by Messrs. Potts as well as by the
late Robert Miller of West Liberty, la.

A line of Cruickshank sires. — These bulls
were followed in service by the imported
Cruickshank sires Antiquary 49774, a large,
deep-bodied red, sired by Pride of the Isles out
of Azalea, the dam of Field Marshal; Von
Tromp 54160, a massive, broad-ribbed Victoria
by Barmpton, that won many first and cham-
pionship prizes, and King of Aberdeen 75747,
a thick-fleshed, short-legged red of the Violet
tribe sired by Dunblane 65995. King of Aber-
deen was one of the last of the good bulls of
Amos Cruickshank's own breeding used in the
West. All these were supplied by James I.
Davidson of Canada.

Twenty years in the show-yard. — For a
period of twenty years the Potts herd was seen
almost continuously in the show-yard; meeting
during that time all of the great contemporary
Short-horn herds besides the Hereford and
Aberdeen-Angus host, and it is speaking within
bounds to say that during these two decades
the Oakland herd probably won more prizes

RISE OF SCOTCH POWER Ix\ AMERICA. li)\)

than any other cattle-breeding establishment
in North America. It is but justice to add that
in the triumphal tours of the "seventies" a
considerable share of the credit for success was
due to the skill of Mr. Harry Loveland as a
feeder. Loveland was one of the recognized
experts of his time in the United States in this
line of work, and had come to Oakland from
the herd of Uigdon Huston & Sons, Blandins-
ville, ni. He subsequently entered the employ
of the Hereford exhibitors and repeated with
Beau Real and other '' white-faces " his suc-
cesses with Short-horns. For the major portion
of the time, however, that the Jacksonville herd
was in the thick of the fight it was under the
immediate personal supervision of Mr. William
T. Potts (the son), under whose alert direction
the Oakland Short-horns rounded out a recortl
at American fairs and fat-stock shows that has
not been surpassed in the annals of American
cattlo-bi-oediug.

The Wilhoit herd.— In a previous chapter
we have referred to ^Ir. Thomas Wilhoit, one
of the pioneer breeders of the State of Indiana.
A cross of the Scotch ])lood u]ion his herd in
the later years of his In-oeding produced sucli
extraordinary results that the circumstance
must l)e here recognized as another one of the
various causes leading u]) to the popularity of
the North Country Short-horns in the W(\st.

710 A HISTORY OF SHORT-HORN CATTLE.

One of James I. Davidson's lucky ''hits" in
crossing the Douglas upon the Cruickshank
blood was in the case of imp. Red Lady, by
Scotland's Pride. Bred to Crown Prince of
Athelstane 2d 16585, she produced Lady Athel-
stane, that became the property of tlie Messrs.
Potts. She, in turn, was bred to imp. Duke of
Richmond, the progeny in 1880 being the bull
Knight of Athelstane 2d 39545, that was sold to
Mr. Wilhoit. Representing, as he did, one of
the richest combinations of prize-winning blood
conceivable at that time, it seemed almost in-
evitable that this bull should prove a getter of
the kind of stock Mr. Wilhoit had always en-
deavored to produce ; and his use upon the Wil-
hoit cows marks one of the brightest chapters
in American Short-horn history. He seemed to
fairly transmit the combined merit of his illus-
trious progenitors, and his immediate descend-
ants were for many years the pride of the en-
tire Short-horn cattle-breeding fraternity. As
in the case of his sire, the Duke of Richmond,
Knight of Athelstane 2d seemed to "nick" par-
ticularly well with Young Mary cows, the Ath-
elstane bulls representing that cross, shown in
the "eighties" by Mr. Wilhoit, being marvels of
substance and flesh.

Thomas Wilhoit must be regarded as one of
the great breeders of his time. A practical
man and of few words, he had a profound grasp

RISE OF , SCOTCH POWER IX AMERICA. f\\

of the principles undei'lyiii','' the production of
good cattle. Moreover, he had the courage
of his convictions. While the storm of specu-
lation was at its height he steadfastly stood by
the herd which he had created b\' the applica-
tion of sound principles of l)reeding. The sul)-
stance of his creed, as condensed by himself in
a brief statement made in response to inquiries
at an Indianapolis convention of cattle-breed-
ers, was contained in the following words:
"Thick-fleshed cattle will produce thick-
fleshed cattle." This was his way of stating
the maxim that "like begets like." He did not
expect to produce profitable cattle with richly-
furnished carcasses from animals of a delicate,
light-fleshed type, and had laid the foundation
for a class of stock possessing great constitu-
tion and thrift prior to his carefully-consid-
ered selection of the great Bruce-and-Douglas-
crossed Cruickshank bull that set the final seal
of an extraordinary success upon his long and
useful career as a breeder of Short-horn cattle.

CHAPTER XXII.

CLOSING EVENTS OF THE CENTURY.

The salient feature of the trade on both sides
of the Atlantic during the closing years of the
nineteenth century has been a gradual liquida-
tion of what might be termed speculative hold-
ings and a widespread resort to the use of
bulls of the Cruickshank and kindred blood.
Some of the more notable events occurring
during this transition period will now be re-
corded.

Sale of the Hillhurst Duchesses. — In the
spring of 1882 Hon. M. H. Cochrane of Hillhurst
decided upon a dispersion sale of his Duchesses
and other Bates-bred stock. The event oc-
curred at Chicago April 18 of that year. The
cattle were offered in the pink of condition
and were of most attractive character. The
Duchess consignment consisted of the famous
Woodburn-bred 10th Duchess of Airdrie and
some of her descendants. A cow of good in-
dividual merit herself, the 10th Duchess
proved a prolific breeder, transmitting much of
her own excellence, as well as a good measure
of her fecundity, to her progeny. Those who

(712)

CLOSING EVENTS OF THE CENTURY. Ho

were interested in the maintaining of values
for cattle of this breeding were forced to get
behind this offering, and the result was the
great average of $2,081.25 upon twenty-three
head. The old 10th Duchess, in calf, but
known to be a hazardous risk, fell into the pos-
session of Maj. S. E. Ward of Westport, Mo.,
at $1,350. The Canada West Farm Stock Asso-'
ciation was the heaviest bu3^er, taking the 9th
Duchess of Hillhurst at $8,500, the 10th at
$7,100, the nth at ^4,700, and Airdrie Duchess
at $7,100. The 8th Duke of Hillhurst sold at
$3,025, and became the property of Col. C. A.
DeGraff, Janesville, Minn. Messrs. Palmer &
Bowman, proprietors of an extensive herd at
Saltville,- Va., purchased Kirklevington Mar-
chioness 2d at $8,525.

Richard Gibson's sale of 1882. — A number
of imported Bates-bred cattle were sold at auc-
tion by Richard Gibson at Chicago April 21.
1882, at good prices. The pure Bates heifer
Duchess Wild Eyes was bought by Bigstaff.
Bascom & Berry of Kentucky at $4.00(1. Mr.
Bigstaff paid $3,200 for Rowfant Kirklev-
ington 5th. B. C. Rumsey purchased Lady
York and Thorndale Bates 6th at §1,050 and S.
White, Windsor, Out.. Kirklevington Duchess
27th at $1,575. For Wild Eyes Winsome 4th
H. F. Brown gave $1,850. Hon. Emory Cobl)
took the bull Oxford Duke (45297) at $2,000.

716 A HISTORY OP SHORT-HORN CATTLE.

The Huston-Gibson sale. — In April, 1883,
Messrs. Rigdon Huston & Son of Blandinsville,
111., who had bought the entire Bates-bred herd
of Col. Le G. B. Cannon of Vermont, held a
sale at Chicago in connection with Mr. Rich-
ard Gibson at which some high jDrices were
made. The 1st Duchess of Hilldale and 2d
Kirklevington Duchess of Hilldale were sold to
Strawther Givens of Abingdon, 111., at IG,000
and $1 ,900 respectively. The roan heifer Lally
Barrington 6th was taken by Mr. A. J. Alex-
ander of Woodburn at 13,000. N. P. Clarke,
St. Cloud, Minn., bought Wild Duchess of Ge-
neva 3d at $2,100. William Murray of Can-
ada paid 11,650 for Wild Eyes Lassie 3d. The
Messrs. Winslow of Kankakee, 111., gave $1,750
for Grand Duchess of Waterloo. B. C. Rumsey,
Buffalo, N. Y., took Lady Turncroft Wild Eyes
3d and Lady York and Oxford Bates at $1,500
and $1,200 respectively. Mr. T. W. Harvey of
Chicago, who had established a herd at Turling-
ton, Neb., with 33d Duke of Airdrie at the head,
bought Marchioness of Turncroft and Wild
Eyes Winsome 3d at $1,200 and $1,050 respec-
tively. Hon. Emory Cobb of Kankakee, 111.,
took Grand Duchess of Waterloo 2d and Lady
York and Underley Bates at $975 and $800 re-
spectively. George Allen, Allerton, 111., paid
$3,500 for 1st Duke of Hilldale 43429. Gibson's
offering consisted mainly of imported stock.

CLOSING EVENTS OF THE CENTURY. 717

Palmer's sale of Scotch cattle. -On April
19, I880, there occurred an unfortunate clash
between the Bow Park management repre-
senting Bates cattle on one hand and the
late Launcelot Palmer of Missouri, who had
been a buyer and exhibitor of the Alierdeen-
shire sorts. The feeling at this time between
the rival types was running high, and as neither
party to this conflict of sale dates would
give way, the occurrence furnished a test as to
the prevailing temper of Northern breeders in
reference to the Bates and Scotch cattle. The
Bow Park sale was held at Glen Flora Farm, a
short distance north of Chicago, and the
Palmer sale at Dexter Park, Chicago Union
Stock Yards. The most active breeders of the
period favored the Palmer sale with their com-
pany, forcing the three-year-old heifer Mysie
43d, of James I. Davidson's breeding — sired by
Crown Prince of Athelstane 2d 16585 out of
imp. Mysie 36th of Mr. Cruickshank's breed-
ing— up to ^1,950, at wiiich figure she was l)id
off by Col. Harris for account of Chas. A. De-
Graff of Lake Elysian Farm, Janesville, Minn.
De Graff had for seveml years been a pa-
tron of the Bates herds, but in the fall of
1882 had bought from the Hon. John Dry den
the imported Scotch bull Baron Surmise. He
also took the imported Cruickshank cow Art-
less out of this sale at $1,025. Mr. Robert

716 A HISTORY OF SHORT-HORN CATTLE.

The Huston-Gibson sale. — In April, 1883,
Messrs. Rigdon Huston & Son of Blandinsville,
111., who had bought the entire Bates-bred herd
of Col. Le G. B. Cannon of Vermont, held a
sale at Chicago in connection with Mr. Rich-
ard Gibson at which some high prices were
made. The 1st Duchess of Hilldale and 2d
Kirklevington Duchess of Hilldale were sold to
Strawther Givens of Abingdon, 111., at ^6,000
and $1,900 respectively. The roan heifer Lally
Barrington 6th was taken by Mr. A. J. Alex-
ander of Woodburn at 13,000. N. P. Clarke,
St. Cloud, Minn., bought Wild Duchess of Ge-
neva 3d at $2,100. William Murray of Can-
ada paid $1,650 for Wild Eyes Lassie 3d. The
Messrs. Winslow of Kankakee, 111., gave $1,750
for Grand Duchess of Waterloo. B. C. Rumsey,
Buffalo, N. Y., took Lady Turncroft Wild Eyes
3d and Lady York and Oxford Bates at $1,500
and $1,200 respectively. Mr. T. W. Harvey of
Chicago, who had established a herd at Turling-
ton, Neb., with 33d Duke of Airdrie at the head,
bought Marchioness of Turncroft and Wild
Eyes Winsome 3d at $1,200 and $1,050 respec-
tively. Hon. Emory Cobb of Kankakee, 111.,
took Grand Duchess of Waterloo 2d and Lady
York and Underley Bates at $975 and $800 re-
spectively. George Allen, Allerton, 111., paid
$3,500 for 1st Duke of Hilldale 43429. Gibson's
offering consisted mainly of imported stock.

CLOSING EVENTS OF THE CENTURY. 717

Palmer's sale of Scotch cattle. -On April
19, I88'j, there occurred an unfortunate clash
between the Bow Park management repre-
senting Bates cattle on one hand and the
late Launcelot Palmer of Missouri, who had
been a buyer and exhibitor of the Alierdeen-
shire sorts. The feeling at this time between
the rival types was running high, and as neither
party to this conflict of sale dates would
give way, the occurrence furnished a test as to
tiie prevailing temper of Northern breeders in
reference to the Bates and Scotch cattle. The
Bow Park sale was held at Glen Flora Farm, a
short distance north of Chicago, and the
Palmer sale at Dexter Park, Chicago Union
Stock Yards. The most active breeders of the
period favored the Palmer sale with their com-
pany, forcing the three-year-old heifer Mysie
43d, of James I. Davidson's breeding — sired by
Crown Prince of Athelstane 2d 165S5 out of
imp. Mysie BCth of Mr. Cruickshank's breed-
ing— up to §1,1)50, at which figure she was bid
off by Col. Harris for account of Chas. A. De-
Graff of Lake Elysian Farm, Janesville, Minn.
Do Graff had for sevoml years been a pa-
tron of the Bates herds, but in the fall of
1S82 had bought from the Hon. John Dryden
the imported Scotch bull Baron Surmise. He
also took the imported Cruickshank cow Art-
less out of this sale at ;nI.(I"J-"). Mr. Kobert

718 A HISTORY OF SHORT-HORN CATTLE.

Miller purchased Evening Star 2d, another
specimen of the Crown Prince of Athelstane
2d cross upon a Cruickshank cow, at $1,000.
Mr. T. W. Harvey, who had also been consid-
ered as partial to the Bates blood, appeared
here as a bidder upon the best Scotch cattle,
buying among others the Brawith Bud cow
Golden Gem at $910. Col. W. A. Harris pur-
chased imp. Barmpton Violet at $780; Mr. H.
F. Brown took the red heifer Lady May at
$750; J. H. Kissinger bought Nonpareil 40th at
$930, and Hon. Pliny Nichols of West Liberty,
la., became the owner of the two-year-old bull
Earl of Aberdeen 45992 at $1,000. The twenty-
five head of Scotch breeding sold at this sale
averaged about $625.

While the Palmer cattle were selling quickly
at high prices to a large and enthusiastic crowd
at Dexter Park, the Bow Park sale was in prog-
ress at Glen Flora before a small company.
Some appreciative buyers were present never-
theless, Mr. A. J. Alexander purchasing the red-
roan Oxford heifer Grand Duchess of Oxford 52d
at $2,050, and Strawther Givens of Illinois Kirk-
levington Duchess 25th at $1,400. A majority
of the cattle, however, sold below $500, the
thirty-six head making an average of $325.55.

Kentucky Importing Company of 1883.—
In the spring of 1883 Messrs. B. F. Van Meter
and Leslie Combs, representing the Kentucky

CLOSING EVENTS OF THE CENTURY. 710

Importing Co., selected and brought out from
England an importation of thirty-four head of
cows and heifers and two bulls, a large majority
of which were purchased in Scotland from the
herds of Messrs. Cruickshank, Duthie and the
Duke of Richmond. These were the only Short-
horns of the Aberdeenshire tribes ever imported
direct from Scotland into Kentucky. A half-
dozen head of Bates females were also included
in the importation, the entire lot being sold at
auction at Lexington May 9 at an average of
$402.50. The Bates heifer Lady Wild Eyes 7th
topped the sale at $1,000, going at that figure to
Woodburn. The Scotch offerings ranged up to
$700, paid for the yearling bull Favorite 56041
from Collynie. This bull and a number of
the Scotch heifers were bought by Messrs.
Danforth and Veech of Louisville, who bred
them for a short time and then disposed of
most of them to Messrs. Cummings of Illinois
and other Northern breeders.

Sale of Pickrell. Thomas & Smith.— Mr. J.
H. Pickrell had meantime formed a partner-
ship with Messrs. Thomas »!i: Smith of Kentucky
and the firm occupied a prominent position in
the trade in the early ''eighties." The herd
was particularly strong in the Beck Taylor
branch of the Young ]\Iary tribe, which sn]v
plied many prize-winners. It was also rich in
Rose of Sharons. At a sale made in June,

720 A HISTORY OF SHORT-HORN CATTLE.

1883, at Harristown, III, the firm sold seventy-
two head at an average of $419.79. Messrs.
Hawkins & McDaniel of Miami, Mo., gave $1,100
for the two-year-old bull Sharon Geneva and
T. W. Harvey paid $1,000 for Red Rose of Glen-
wood. It was at this sale that Messrs. C. C.
Blish & Son, Kewanee, 111., purchased the red
bull calf Dick Taylor of Glenwood at $300. He
matured into a good show bull and sire, being
successfully exhibited at the head of the Blish
herds at leading Western fairs for several
years and also siring many good cattle in their
Lee Side Herd. This Harristown sale was not-
able for the steadiness of the values main-
tained. A large proportion of the offerings
made from $400 to $600 each and the high av-
erage merit of the stock was the theme of uni-
versal comment.

Kentucky summer sales of 1883. — The
breeders of the blue-grass country remained
loyal to the Bates blood to the last. They
were never able to entirely forget the service
rendered by imp. Duke of Airdrie (12730), and
even at this period when Northern breeders
were showing a marked preference for the
Scotch type the Kentuckians sustained their
interest in the historic Kirklevington families.
They were not only the most liberal bidders on
all Bates cattle offered for sale in the Northern
States during the "eighties" but stood together

CLOSING EVENTS OF THE CENTURY. 721

at home whenever representatives of their fa-
vorite blood were offered at auction.

In July, 1883, Mr. J. V. Grigsby sold a fam-
ily of pure Bates-Craggs breeding, a sort origi-
nated by the Messrs. Bell, tenants of j\Ir. Bates,
for one of which, 12th Duchess of Crethmere,
the Messrs. Hamilton of Mount Sterling gave
$1,350. For 1st Duchess of Crethmere Mr. T.
Corwin Anderson of Side View Farm gave
$1,000, and for 10th Duchess of Springwood
Hon. A. M. Bowman of Virginia gave a like
amount. A number of others were taken by
Southern breeders at figures but slightly below"
those mentioned, the sixteen females averaging
$855.93. At a sale made about the same date
by Messrs. Estill & Hamilton the Rose of Sharon
heifer Sharon Rose 2d rieneva fetched $1,000
from James C. Hamilton of Flat Creek.

During this same season an important sale
was made from the herd of Abi-am Renick.
The cattle represented exclusively his cele-
brated Rose of Sharon sort, and were taken
mainly by Kentucky breeders, the seventy head
bringing an average of $869.04. The top price
was $1,050 for Popi)y 21st.

Sale of the Holford Duchesses. — In the
summer of 1883 Mr. T. Holfonl of Castle Hill.
Eng., sold thirty-eight head of Bates- lirod
Short-horns at an average of $1,(100: Lord Fitz-
hardinge paying $4,500 for the 3d Duke of Lei-

40

722 A HISTORY OF SHORT-HORN CATTLE.

cester and $5,750 for 3d Duchess of Leicester.
Earl Bective bought Duchess of Leicester at
$7,525, and Airdrie Duchess 7th, of American
origin, at $2,500. Mr. B. C. Rumsey of Buffalo,
N. Y., purchased the 6th Duchess of Leicester
for $1,775.

Speaking of Duchesses we may note at this
point that during this same year the 8th Duke
of Tregunter that had been exported to Aus-
tralia was sold at auction in that country at a
reported price of $20,000!

The Hamiltons. — Probably the largest han-
dlers of pure-bred Short-horns of their time in
the State of Kentucky were the Messrs. Ham-
ilton, extensive owners of lands in Kentucky,
Illinois and Missouri, the home farm being at
Flat Creek, Bath Co., Ky., not far from Mount
Sterling. Upon this farm resided the broth-
ers, George and James C. Hamilton, the latter
being regarded as a breeder of unusual skill.
Short-horns had been introduced upon Flat
Creek Farm at an early date, and when the
herd first came prominently before the public
it was chiefly noted for its Marys and Jo-
sephines.

The foundation dam of the most noted Ham-
ilton family, the Flat Creek Marys, was the
roan Belle, bred by William Buckner of Bour-
bon Co., Ky., and bought of him in the spring
of 1861 by J. C. and Gr. Hamilton. According to

CLOSING EVENTS OF THE CENTURY. 723

the herd book record (Vol. XX, p. 15482j she
proved remarkably prolific, most of her heif-
ers being sired by the Rose of Sharon bull
Bell Sharon 9507 by imp. Duke of Airdrie. In
numerous cases Bell Sharon was bred back to
his own daughters. Other bulls used in found-
ing the family were Earl of Barrington 23017
and Duke of Noxubee 9920.* Messrs. Hamil-
ton were advocates of the principle of in-
breeding from the beginning, and double
crosses of these bulls appear frequently in the
pedigrees of many animals of their produc-
tion. It was calculated in the spring of 1SS4
by the Messrs. Hamilton that sales of this
Mary cow's descendants had at that time ag-
gregated in value upward of $100,000!

On the decline in values of Bates tribes
Messrs. Hamilton became buyers of Duchesses,
Kirklevingtons, Barringtons, Renick Rose of
Sharons, etc., breeding largely from Duchess
and Barrington bulls, included among the num-
ber being imp. (Irand Duke of Geneva 28344
and 20th Duke of Airdrie 13872. The late Mr.
A. L. Hamilton, son of George Hamilton and
son-in-law of B. F. Van Meter, was the leadiuij:

•Duke of Noxuliee appears to have been bro<l by Mr. Simeon Orr of
MlwalsBlppl. He wasdeacendtxl from the Rates-bnxl cow imp. Darllnpton
(>th by 4tli Duko of Oxford. A foot-note in a cataiorr^ie is.iued by Messrs.
Suddiilh A Kedmon of Clark Co.. Ky., 'iiany years ac-o. mntaintxl ihe ratlior
remark.-iblo siaionieiit that this btUlwa8"a remarkacle brtHxler. irettlnp
fine calves since h(> was eighteen years old." This astonlahluK statement,
however, lacks confirmation.

724 A HISTORY OF SHORT-HORN CATTLE.

spirit in the extensive operations of the Messrs.
Hamilton at the time they were so prominently
before the public some fifteen years ago. He
had a brother, W. W., who also handled the
Flat Creek tribes, and a member of a collateral
branch of the Hamilton family. Col. A. W. Ham-
ilton, also dealt largely in Bates-bred cattle in
partnership w4th the late Gen. John S. Williams
under the firm name of Williams & Hamilton,
Longw^ood Farm, Mount Sterling. Largely
through the skill and judgment of Mr. James
C. Hamilton — whose patriarchal appearance
and kindly ways earned for him in his later
years the universally applied title of "Uncle
Jimmy" — the home herd at Flat Creek attained
a degree of individual merit that gave it great
prominence among the leading collections of
the breed, and it received an extended patron-
age from the North and West.

Mr. A. L. Hamilton, who had established him-
self on a farm near Lexington, to which he gave
the name of Kirklevington — as expressing his
adherence to Bates blood — held an auction sale
June 11 and 12, 1884, which attracted one of the
largest crowds ever seen at an event of that
character in the West. The proprietor was
in very feeble health at the time, and this was
made the occasion of the dispersion of a large
proportion of his Short-horn holdings. The
sale continued for two days under the manage-

CLOSING EVENTS OF THE CENTURY. 725

ment of the well-known auctioneers, Cols. J.
W. Judy and L. P. Muir.* An extraordinary
average was made. The roan Airdrie Duchess
2d was bid off for Mr. Hamilton's brother at
$4,225. Mr. Logan 0. Swope of Independence,
Mo., took the roan heifer 2d Duchess of Flat
Creek at $7,000, 4th Duchess of Flat Creek at
$5,075, Barrington Lally 2d at $2,025, 4th Duch-
ess of Kent at $4,700 and Loo Belle Kent at
$1,675. Mr. H. F. Brown of Minneapolis paid
$3,550 for the red two-year-old bull Duke of
Flat Creek, $1,775 for Wild Eyes Duchess 7th
and $1,600 for Wild Eyes Duchess 9th. C. M.
Gifford & Sons of Milford, Kan., bid off the
Flat Creek Mary cow. Young Mary Duchess 2d,
at $2,275, and the yearling bull Lord Barring-
ton 2d at $1,675. The Van Meter Mary cow,
Geneva Mary 2d, was knocked down to John
Duncan, Louisville, at $2,000. Mr. G. L. Chris-
man of Independence, Mo., was an active com-
petitor, securing the yearling 4th Duke of Kent
at $1,500, the red cow Barrington Mary 2d and

•Col. Mulr was one of the best-knowu live-stock auctioneers of his day
In the United States. A resident of Kentucky, he shared with the Short-
horn breeders of the blue-grass country their profound appreciation for
tbo Bati's blood, and made himsolf a leading' authority on all matters con-
necti'd with till- tribal histories of Short-horns of Klrklevinjrton derivation.
For many years he conducted important auction sales throug-hout the
Western States, and on the occasion of the purchase of the American
Short-horn Herd Book by the Breeders" Association from Lewis F. Allen
was made editor of the pedlfiree regrlafer In ChJcapo. Being succeeded In
that position by Mr. J. H. Plokrell, Col. Mulr removed to IndeiH^ndence>
Mo., conducting numerous auction sales and retalnlnjr his Interest In
Short-horn breeding until his death, which occurred several ye;irs since at
that place.

726 A HISTORY OF SHORT-HORN CATTLE.

a Barrington Lally heifer calf at ^1,000 each.
Wild Eyes Duchesses 5th and 10th were knocked
off to A. C. Briant, Belton, Mo., at $2,000 and
$1,730 respectively. For Wild Eyes Duchess
4th Corwin Anderson paid $1,050. For Mary
Barrington, of the Van Meter Mary sort, J. H.
Bacon, Weaver, la,, gave $1,000. The average
on the 109 head sold was $832.30.

On the day following this memorable sale
Messrs. Williams & Hamilton sold fifty-two
head at Lexington for an average of $396.35,
the highest prices being $1,100, paid by T. Cor-
win Anderson for Kirklevington Marchioness,
and $1,060, paid by H. C. G. Bals of Indianapo-
lis for 3d Lady Kirklevington B.

On Oct. 24 and 25, 1884, ninety-seven head
of cattle were sold at auction on the home farm
at Flat Creek to close the estate of Mr. J. C.
Hamilton, who had died a short time previous.
The extraordinary average of ^840.57 w^as
made, although such a result would not have
been attained but for the fact that various
members of the family were permitted to bid.
It was here that Messrs. Palmer & Bowman of
Virginia bought the red bull 2d Duke of Kent
51119 at $6,100 and the red-roan Airdrie Duch-
ess 10th at ^6,200, taking also 8th Duchess of
Kent at $4,050 and 10th Duchess of Kent at
$1,600. Messrs. Williams & Hamilton bought
Barrington Duchess 2d and 3d Duchess of Kent

CLOSING EVENTS OF THE CENTURY. 727

at $5,000 each. They also bought LJarriii^toii
Lally 5th at $3,500, Barrington Lally Gth at
$3,000, and 3d Duke of Kent at $2,600. Geo.
Hamilton bid off 7th Duchess of Kent at $3,500.
A. L. Hamilton took 5th Duchess of Kent at
$2,250, and Col. J. W. Judy got Young Mary
Duchess at $1,225. Berry & Bigstaff of Mount
Sterling paid $1,230 for Barrington Duke 37622.
Col. W. A. Harris of Linwood. — The real
leader of the Scotch forces in the United States
during the "eighties" was Col. W. A. Plarris of
Linwood, Leavenworth Co., Kan. Few men
possessing like strength of character have ever
given their personal attention to the breeding
of Short-horns in the United States. Of Vir-
ginia parentage, he removed to the State of
Kansas soon after the close of the Civil War.
He first followed his profession — that of a civil
engineer — in the employ of the Kansas Pacific
Railway Co., assisting in the location of that
branch of the Union Pacific from Kansas City
to Denver. He had an inherited love for
country life and pastoral pursuits, and while
surveying on the north bank of the Kansas
River some twenty-seven miles west of Kansas
City, his attention was attracted l)ya beautiful
body of " second bottom " and upland, the loca-
tion of which was carefully noted at the time.
Ho subsequently acc^nircd the title to this ]U'op-
erty,aud after residing some time in Lawrence

728 A HISTORY OF SHORT-HORN CATTLE.

— where he had charge of the sale of the Kan-
sas Pacihc Railway lands and the closing out of
the Delaware Indian Reservation — he built a
residence upon the farm afterward so celebra-
ted in the Western Short-horn trade under the
name of Linwood, and for some years gave
practically his entire time to the establishment
of a herd which in its prime was probably the
equal of any that has ever existed in North
America.

At the time Col. Harris made his first invest-
ments in Short-horns his personal relations with
the Kentuckians were of the friendliest, and he
was made a director in their American Short-
horn Record Association. He realized that in
the Western country Short-horns, to give sat-
isfaction to the hard-working farmers of that
region, must possess sound constitutions and
satisfactory feeding capacity. The leading Ken-
tucky breeders of the period, while holding Col.
Harris in the highest regard, did not relish his
outspoken criticism of many of their herds,
many of which he considered too fine and del-
icate for practical Western feed-lot purposes.
He had no patience with those who gave their
adherence to mere pedigree, and proceeded to
lay the foundations of his own herd with su-
preme disregard of all things except genuine
merit in the individual animal. For some years
he made occasional purchases of breeding ani-

CLOSING EVENTS OF THE CENTURY. 729

mals in the blue-grass country, but he faulted
most of the vSouthern herds of that date as
wanting in substance and flesh. Now and then
he found a heifer that suited him fairly well,
and in such cases was always willing to pay a
liberal price. Early in his career as a breeder
he had secured the excellent red bull Golden
Drop of Hillhurst 39120, bred by Col. W. E.
Simmes of Bourbon Co., Ky., by whom he was
sold to J. C. Stone Jr. of Leavenworth, Kan.
This bull had two Bates crosses (4th Duke of
Hillhurst 21509 and 7th Earl of Oxford 9985)
on top of the Scotch-bred Wastell's Golden
Drop 4th by Sir Christopher (22895). He pos-
sessed the finish, style and character common
to the Bates tribes, together with more than
the usual amount of flesh shown by the latter-
day representatives of that blood, and proved
a useful sire. When it became necessary to
secure a successor to him a careful but unsuc-
cessful search was made for a bull in the State
of Kentucky. This was in the early spring of
1882. On May 3 of that year Mr. J. H. Kissin-
ger of Missouri made a pul^lic sale at which he
offered several head of Cruickshank cattle that
he had purchased a short time before in Canada.
Favorably pvedisposed toward the Scotch blood,
as a result of his use of tlio Golden Drop ImiII
above mentioned, and firm in the belief that
Short-horn breeders generally must pay more

730 A HISTORY OF SHORT-HORN CATTLE.

attention to form and feeding quality if they
were to hold their own throughout the West,
Col. Harris attended this sale. These imported
cattle were the best specimens of Cruickshank
breeding he had ever seen, and much impressed
by their sturdy character he bought the year-
ling Victoria bull imp. Baron Victor (45944) at
$1,100; the big, broad-backed roan imp. Victoria
63d at $530; the smaller but thick-fleshed imp.
Violet Bud at $450, and the compactly-fashioned
red- roan imp. Victoria 69th at $390." Baron
Victor was a blocky, broad-ribbed, short-legged,
mellow, thick-fleshed red, strong in head and
horn, but standing very near to the ground.
He was sired by Barmpton (37763) out of the
fine cow Victoria 58th by Pride of the Isles;
second dam Victoria 43d by Champion of Eng-
land.

Success of Baron Victor. — Victoria 69th of
this purchase did not turn out a good invest-
ment, but Victoria 63d 's first calf — a grand
roan heifer by Baron Victor, dropped Nov. 1,
1882 — developed into a yearling with an aston-
ishing wealth of substance, flesh and hair. No
such calf had ever before been seen upon the
farm, and much as he disliked to part with her
Col. Harris decided to consign her to the Inter-

* At this same sale Messrs. J. H. Potts & Son purchased the imported
Sitty ton Secret cow Sempstress at $585 and Gloxinia at $420. For imp. Acorn
2d the late Launcelot Palmer paid $505 and for Beauty's Pride and Carrie
$400 each.

CLOSING EVENTS OF THE CENTURY. 731

state Breeders' sale held at Kansas City in the
fall of 1884, where she proved the sensation of
the day and commanded the top price of $1,005,
being purchased by the late Samuel Stein metz
of Missouri. Breeders from many different
States gathered around this burly -l^odied,
short-legged Scotch heifer and large numbers
of them for the first time here realized that an
element of undoubted value had now been in-
troduced into the Western trade. Lin wood
Victoria's irresistible demonstration of the
feeding quality of the Cruickshank sort was
backed up at this same sale by the young bull
The Baronet 58250 — got by Baron Victor out of
a Flat Creek Mary dam — a calf of rare thickness
and finish, finding quick sale at $500 to F. C.
Harris, son-in-law of Launcelot Palmer, Stur-
geon, Mo. The Baronet developed into one of
the best show bulls of his day in the Western
States, winning prizes at the head of the herd
of Newton Winn.

The first crop of calves from Baron Victor sat-
isfied Col. Harris that he was on the right tnick,
and he took immediate steps to increase his
stock of breeding females of Scotch extraction.
He purchased from James I. Davidson imj). Sor-
rel, by Roan Gauntlet; imp. ^larsh Violet, by
Pride of the Isles; imp. Barmpton Violet, by
Royal Violet; imp. Lavendei-82d.by Roan Gaunt-
let; imp. Gladiolus, by Pride of the Isles; the

732 A HISTORY OF SHORT-HORN CATTLE.

massive light roan imp. Golden Thistle, by Roan
Gauntlet; im^D. Lavenders 33d, 34th, 36th; imp.
Sapphire, and fi-om Mr. William Warfield of
Kentucky the good heifer Primrose,* derived
from imp. Portulacca. In the meantime the
Baron Victor bulls from these and the Ameri-
can-bred cows in the herd became the admira-
tion of the entire American Short-horn cattle-
breeding fraternity. Almost without exception
they developed into richly-fleshed, short-leg-
ged, low^-flanked, easy-keeping bulls that served
to convince a large majority of the breeders of
the Missouri Valley States that the Linwood
plan of breeding was correct. They were in
demand at from $300 to $600, not only through-
out the West but as far East as Ohio, for the
purpose of heading good herds.

In connection with Baron Victor there was
used at Linwood, among other well-bred Cruick-
shank sires, the red Barbarossa 68197, bought
from Mr. Davidson, sired by Cumberland out of
Barmpton Spray by Caesar Augustus. He was
sold to Mr. Charles E. Leonard of Missouri and
used extensively in the old-established herd at
Ravenswood. Another bull that achieved rep-
utation both as a stock-getter and prize-winner
was imp. Double Gloster (49383), a red, sired by

*Thi8 Warfleld heifer bred to Baron Victor produced the handsome
mellow-handling- red prize bull Dr. Primrose of the Williams & House-
holder show herd. Another Llnwood-bred show-yard favorite In that
same collection was the Baron Victor heifer Baroness

CLOSING EVENTS OF THE CENTURY. 733

Barmpton out of 24th Duchess of Gloster by
Lord of the Isles. Double Gloster was sold to
William P. Higinbotham, whose Blue Valley
Herd at Manhattan Kan., was for several years
one of the best-known collections of the breed
west of the Missouri River. Meantime Col. Har-
ris became the heaviest buyer of imported
Cruickshank heifers in the States, securing the
pick of all of James I. Davidson's extensive im-
portations of that period from Sittyton. He
obtained from this source and transferred to
the "sunny slopes of Linwood" such females
as Lady of the Meadow, by Chancellor; Barmp-
ton Crocus, by same sire; Lavender 38th, by
Dunblane; the 26th, 27th and 2Sth Duchesses of
Gloster, sired by Perfection, Chancellor and
Cumberland respectively; Lovely41st and Wood
Violet, by Cumberland; Victoria 76th, by Vik-
ing; Stephanotis, a grand roan, by Dunblane;
Vera and Lady of Shalott, both by same bull;
March Violet, by Chancellor, and others. Ho
also bought from Messrs. Potts Lady Athel-
stane of Oakland, by Duke of Richmond out of
imp. Red Lady, and from Cummings of Buda,
111., a Sittyton Victoria of the Lowman i^' Smith
sort.

The Linwood Golden Drops. — Possibly his
most fortunate selection, howevei*. in the way
of breeding females was the grand roan Nor-
ton's Golden Drop, bred by C. W. Norton of

734 A HISTORY OF SHORT-HORN CATTLE.

Iowa ill 18S0 from the Bates bull imp. Under-
ley Wild Eyes 31312 out of imp. Golden Drop
4th, imported from the Kinellar herd by J. S.
Thompson, and also known as Wastell's Golden
Drop 4th. (See records Vols. XII and XX A.
S.-H. B.) Norton had procured the imported
cow from Mr. McCune of Solon, la. This
Bates-crossed Scotch Golden Drop was strong-
backed, heavy-quartered and deep-bodied, with
a feminine head and neck and good dairy qual-
ities. Bred to the impressive Baron Victor she
gave Col. Harris the best females he ever pro-
duced, notwithstanding his repeated "topping"
of the Cruickshank importations of the "eight-
ies." Indeed, the Lin wood Golden Drops, with
their beautiful finish, their wealth of flesh, sub-
stance and character constituted, in the opinion
of some of our best judges, the most superb
family of Short-horn cattle of their time in the
United States.

Baron Lavender 2d. — Probably the best
Cruickshank cow ever owned at Linwood was
imp. Lavender 36th. She was, indeed, a noble
specimen of Mr. Cruickshank's best type, pos-
sessing grand scale, astonishing breadth, depth
and thickness of rich flesh. Unfortunately this
royal specimen of her race had such an irre-
pressible tendency to take on flesh that she be-
came barren in her very prime and was finally
sent to the butcher. In the autumn of 1885

CLOSING EVENTS. OF THE CENTURY. 785

this wonderful cow had dropped to a service by-
Baron Victor the handsome red-roan bull calf
Baron Lavender 2d 72610. He was a youngster
of extraordinary promise from the start, but
the loss of his dam not then being anticipated
he was sold at a good price to head a local herd.
When it was discovered that his mother would
no longer breed Col. Harris bought back Baron
Lavender 2d, and it is speaking within bounds
to state that this bull was by odds the greatest
of all the many capital bulls bred at Linwood.
A widespread, massive, low-legged, richly-fur-
nished animal of strong character, Baron Lav-
ender 2d was probably the peer of any bull of
the breed jet produced on this side the Atlan-
tic. It has always been a matter for sincere
regret that his period of service in the fine
herd at Linwood was so short.

Another valuable Lavender bull by Baron
Victor was the golden-skinned Baron Lavender
3d 78S54, out of imp. Lavender 3Sth. He was
a thick-set, mellow bull of beautiful quality,
sold to William P. Higinbotham, and by him
to S. F. Lockridge of Indiana.

Imp. Craven Knight. — Considerable diffi-
culty had been met with in finding a bull to
breed upon Bamn Victor's heifers. In addition
to Barbarossa and Double Gloster, Col. 11 a iris
imported two young bulls of Mr. Cruickshank's
own selection, one of which. Master of the

736 A HISTORY OF SHORT-HORN CATTLE.

Rolls 99643, got some good stock, but neither
of them seemed just what was wanted, and
they were given a short trial and sold. Subse-
quently he bought probably the handsomest
Cruickshank bull ever seen in the Western
States, imp. Craven Knight 96923, imported for
Luther Adams, Storm Lake, la., and sired by
Cumberland out of Golden Autumn by Barmp-
ton.* Craven Knight was a short-legged,
evenly-built red of rare symmetry and finish,
having a good head, a first-class middle-piece
and remarkable hind quarters. It was be-
lieved at Linwood when Craven Knight was
obtained (along with another selection of im-
ported Sittyton heifers of Luther Adams'
importation) that a worthy successor to Baron
Victor had been found. His first calves, how-
ever, did not begin to develop quite early enough
to satisfy the exacting requirements of the pro-
prietor, and before the bull's value was real-
ized he was sold to the Kansas Agricultural
College at Manhattan, only to be rescued and

♦William Miller, who imported Craven Knight, says: "Among- the best
ol the Sittyton cows at the time of my last visit were Victoria 58th and
Golden Autumn. As I saw them tied in a double stall tog^ether they were
cows of a good deal the same character, rather small, but character and
quality all over (red). The 58th was dam of two I brought out, as well
as of Baron Victor, to-wit. : Arthur Johnston's Indian Chief, so noted as
a getter, and Victoria 80th that I kept for myself, but did no good. The
other was dam of Craven Knight that was my choice of the Sittyton bull
calves of that year, and I would not have got him out had Cruickshank not
promised Harris two bulls and two heifers which he could only send out
by me. and I told him I would not bring them unless he gave me first choice
of his bull calves."

CLOSING EVENTS OF THE CENTURY. 737

restored at the head of the herd several years
later, after repeated efforts and the expenditure
of large sums of money in endeavoring to find
satisfactory stock bulls. The ultimate verdict
was that had Craven Knight received full op-
portunity he would imssibly have equaled the
record of Baron Victor as a sire.

A search for sires.— Another imported bull
tested at Linwood was the red Thistletop 83876,
imported in 1885 by Mr. Davidson. He left
some good stock, among others the bulls El
Sabio 103105, used some before being sold, and
Thistlewood 95417, from imp. Victoria 63d—
the last sire used in the herd of J. H. Potts &
Son. A trial was also made of imp. Royal
Pirate 100640, imported direct from Sittyton
and sired by Gondolier 98287 out of Victoria
77th by Dunblane. This was a bull of great
scale, with a remarkable back, but scarcely as
compactly fashioned as the best of the Scotch
type.

Several other home-bred l)ul]s were tested.
One of these, Lord Mayor 112727, was a good
red, sired by Baron Lavender 2d out of imp.
Lady of the Meadow, one of the best In-eodinij
matrons of the herd. It was from Lord Mayor
and old Norton's Golden Drop that the red
Golden Lord 119422, chief stock sire in service
at the dispoi-sion of the herd, was produced.
Galahad 103259, a short-legged, well-Heshed red

47

738 A HISTORY OF SHORT-HORN CATTLE.

— one of the few animals sired by imp. Master
of the Rolls 99468 — out of Galanthus, daughter
of imp. Gladiolus, was also largely used toward
the last. He had been sold when young to
Messrs. Hawk of Beattie, Kan., but developed
such typical Scotch thrift and thickness that
he was bought back for stock purposes. He
was a medium -sized bull of much quality, and
proved a useful sire. We should also mention
the roan Lord Athol 122011 — by Golden Knight
out of the Potts-bred Lady Athelstane of Lin-
wood by imp. Knight Templar 66658 — that got
from Princess Alice a high-priced bull presently
to be mentioned.

It is doubtful if the history of Short-horn
breeding in the Ihiited States affords a more
striking illustration of enterprise in endeavor-
ing to secure stock bulls of the highest possible
merit than is furnished by the record of Lin-
w^ood Farm. In addition to the various bulls
above named, many of which were bought at
strong prices, the champion show bull imp.
Cupbearer 91223 was leased from Luther Adams
and tried, but with disappointing results. From
i\Iilton E. Jones, WilliamsviUe, HI., the mellow-
skinned, short-legged red Spartan Hero 77932
was hired and used with a fair degree of suc-
cess. This bull was of Sittyton breeding, im-
ported by Mr. Davidson and sold to Messrs.
Cookson of Iowa. He was sired by Barmptou

I

CLOSING EVENTS OF THE CE^JTURY. 730

out of the Secret cow Souvenir by Royal Duke
of Gloster.

Col. Harris was convinced toward the close of
his breeding operations that the Sittyton cattle
stood in need of fresh blood. In 1892 he made
a tour of England and Scotland, visiting the
Royal show at Warwick and spending some
time with Messrs. Duthie, Cruickshank and
Marr in Aberdeenshire. He foand that his
judgment in this regard did not differ from
that of the best-informed authorities in Great
Britain, but at the same time he saw nothing
upon that ti-ip which seemed to him lykely to
cross with the Linwood cows and heifers with
better prospects of success than a sort already
within the limits of the Linwood pastures at
home. He therefore determined to test bulls
bred from the Linwood Goldan Drops, selecting
for that purpose the roan Golden Pirate 103411,
the red-roan Golden Knight 108080, and the "ed
Golden Lord 119422. Some fresh blood Aras
also obtained through another channel — the
fine Collynie cow now to be mentioned.

Princess Alice.— In the purchase of this su-
perb daughter of Field Marshal Hie proprietor
of Linwood gave further evidence of his good
judgment and great enterprise. Princess Alice
was beyoud question one of the greatest cows
produced by the Short-horn breed during the
closing years of the century. ;idding to Field

740 A HISTORY OF SHORT-HORN CATTLE.

Marshal's European fame by producing at Liu-
wood some of the best stock bulls used in the
United States in the recent past. Selected and
imported by William Miller for Luther Adams,
and a champion female at Western State
fairs in her yearling form, she was bought by
John Hope of Bow Park at the Lakeside dis-
persion at Chicago in 1889. Col. Harris pur-
chased her shortly afterward, and for a num-
ber of years she was one of the chief ornaments
of the herd that grazed the luxuriant pastures
of Lin wood.

Bred to Craven Knight she i^roduced in 1891
the roan Young Marshal 110705. As a yearling
he was broad, low and thick, and was sold to
L. W. Brown & Son, Sangamon Co., 111., who
fitted him for the World's Columbian Exposi-
tion at Chicago in 1893, winning first prize in
the class for two-year-old bulls over thirteen
competitors. He subsequently passed into the
possession of Mr. Aaron Barber, Avon, N. Y.,
in whose hands he sired some of the best show
cattle seen on the American circuit during the
past ten years, besides winning prizes himself
at the head of the Avon herd. While he grew
somewhat uneven in his flesh on account of his
early forcing for the Columbian, he was a bull
of strong character and outstanding substance.
Tn Januarj^ 1892. Alice gave birth to the roan
calf Prince Royal 113305, by Craven Knight, a

CLOSING EVENTS OF THE CENTURY. 741

bull of fine promise that was sold for service in
the herd of Thomas H. Mastin of Kansas City.
To a service by imp. Spartan Hero the Princess
produced in December, 1892, the roan Royal
Hero 113611, that grew into a massive, mellow-
fleshed bull that had the distinguished honor of
winning, as recently as 1899, for Messrs. Miller
of Indiana the championship of America at the
Illinois State Fair in his seven-year-old form;
and at the same show one of his daughters, the
beautiful roan Sallie Girl,'^ was champion fe-
male; the double winning constituting an
achievement unique in the annals of the
Western show-yard. In 1893 Princess Alice
produced Royal Knight 117203, red with white
marks^sired by the Golden Drop bull Golden
Knight 108080— that was good enough to be
used for a time at Linwood.

Alice had bred two fine heifers to services by
Craven Knight before she settled down to the
bull trade: one known as Alice Maude, that
was bought from Luther Adams for export to
Mexico, and the other the rich-fleshed, sappy
Fairy Queen, calved at Linwood in 1890. and
shown successfully by Col. Harris. These were
both paragons of Short-horn excellence, but
the one went abroad and the other failed to
breed. The old cow was finally sold at a good

* Sallie Girl was dpat'endotl on thcdama aldo throuph such noted bulls
as Dick Taylor 5S08, Loudou Duke 3097 and Imp Duke of Alrdrle. from Imp.
Geui by Broker.

742 A HISTORY OF SHORT-HORN CATTLE.

price to Col. T. S. Moberley of Kentucky, along
with a heifer calf (Alice of Forest Grove) by
Galahad at foot. She was at the time in
calf to the young Lin wood-bred Lord Athol
122011, and with this service resumed bull
breeding, giving her Kentucky buyer the red
Alice's Prince 122593. At the Moberley disper-
sion the cow and bull calf were purchased by
E. B. Mitchel & Son, Dan vers. 111., who sold
Alice's Prince to Messrs. Wallace of Missouri,
from whom he has recently been bought by
Mr. Aaron Barber at a reported price of $2,000.
The Galahad heifer went to Texas. The old
Princess finished her extraordinary career of
usefulness by giving the Messrs. Mitchell, in
1897, the white bull Prince Armour 127794. l)y
Baron Cruickshank 3d 117968, that has main-
tained the credit of his family during the past
two seasons by repeated winnings on the West-
ern circuit. The virtual loss of the three heif-
ers mentioned was little short of a calamity to
the breed.

Linwood's salutary influence. — No man ever
undertook the promotion of Short-horn inter-
ests more earnestly or unselfishly than Col.
Harris. A man of strong convictions, sincere,
honest, aggressive and convincing in advocacy
of what he believed to be right, his influence as
a breeder and as a director of the Herd-Book
Association upon the course of Short-horn

PC

b: —

;' >

r r

»

f C/J

c-

aJ^^^*^^

j^^^^^^^^^gm^^^^

CLOSING EVENTS OF THE CENTURY. 743

breeding in America during the period follow-
ing the speculative "boom" of the "seventies"
was perhaps greater than that of any other one
man identified with the trade from 1882 to 1895,
and was ever on the side of reason and sound
practice. It was generally conceded that Lin-
wood at its best was the outstanding herd
of the United States, and foreign visitors ques-
tioned if it had a superior in Great Britain. It
was for a time the Mecca toward which Western
breeders directed their steps in quest of stock
sires. While the surplus was usually disposed
of at good prices at private treaty, the herd
was maintained for the most part during a
period when values of pedigreed cattle were at
a comparatively low ebb. Nevertheless sev-
eral successful public sales were made at Chi-
cago, Kansas City and Manhattan, Kan.

Affairs agricultural, however, were drifting
from bad to worse. After the financial panic
of 1893, discouraged by the profound and
widespread depression, and now confronted by
many difficulties in his efforts at sustaining the
merit of the herd at its former level, the pro-
prietor at length listened to the call of the
people of his adopted State and consented to
serve them, first in the House of Representa-
tives and later in the Senate of the United
States. Under these circumstances the disper-
sion of the herd was inevitable, the event oc-

744 A HISTORY OF SHORT-HORN CATTLE.

curriug May 6, 1896, at the home farm. While
it called out one of the largest and most repre-
sentative gatherings of breeders ever seen upon
a similar occasion in the Western States, times
were then at their very worst, and it was impos-
sible that anything like high prices should be
realized. The stock had not been kept in
strong condition during the few seasons im-
mediately preceding the sale, and had not re-
ceived the proprietor's close personal attention.
Many of the "plums" of the herd had been sold
privately. Everything upon the farm, except
a few old cows, was catalogued, and the entire
lot of both sexes and all ages, passed through
the ring, without special preparation, at a gen-
eral average of $2(15 for the sixty-three head.

J. J. Hill of North Oaks. — In the summer of
1882 Mr. J. J. Hill of St. Paul, Minn., the rail-
way king of the Northwest, began importing
both Scotch and Bates-bred Short-horns from
Great Britain. He also made large importa-
tions of Aberdeen-Angus cattle from Scotland.
Both herds were maintained upon the sandy
soil of the farm of North Oaks, near St. Paul,
a body of land not specially adapted for agri-
cultural purposes. The imported cattle were
selected mainly by Mr. Robert Bruce.

The first shipment of Short-horns included
the massive, prize-winning roan bull Gambetta
(49618), bred by Mr. Garhetty, Fochabers, Scot-

CLOSING EVENTS OF THE CENTURY. 745

land, tracing on the dam's side to Fananj, by
Garioch Lad. With Gambetta came the fine
roan cow Hose of Dalkeith (of the Duke of Buc-
cleuch's breeding), carrying the blood of Royal
Errant and Sir James the Rose. There was
also the Clipper cow Cinderella 2d. In May,
1883, the Bates-bred roan bull Berkeley Duke
of Oxford 2d 54790, bred by Lord Fitzhardinge
and sired by the celebrated Duke of Connaught,
was imported along with three Bates-bred
heifers. Later in the year additional ship-
ments of Scotch and mixed-bred cattle of much
individual merit were made, embracing such
good cows as Belle of Albion, Golden Lace,
Golden Mint, Fannie B. 30th, Jennie Lind
12th, Venus 2d and Sweet Pea. In June, 1884,
Mr. Hill received from England a lot of Bates-
bred cattle, including Grand Duchesses 43d
and 47th, Duchess of Wappenham, Duchess of
Oxford 2d, Grand Duchess of Barringtonia 5th,
Oonishead Wild Eyes 2d, Wild Lady 2d. Lady
York and Thorndale Bates Sth, and, from Lord
Lovat of Scotland, Young Julia 3d.

In the spring of 1885 Mr. Bruce bought on
order some forty yearling bulls, mainly in the
North of Scotland, that were shipped out to
North Oaks. He also secured for Mr. Hill the
Highland Society's first-prize roan bull Gold-
finder (47907). bred from the famous show stock
of Mr. Handley of Westmoreland, and sired by

746 A HISTORY OF SHORT-HORN CATTLE.

the celebrated English bull Sir Arthur Ingram
(32490), a roan bred by Linton of Sheriff Hutton.
Goidfinder was bought from Jas. Bruce of Burn-
side. During this season Mr. John Hope, who
was buying cattle in England for Bow Park,
selected for North Oaks ten head of Duchesses,
Oxfords and other Bates-bred sorts, among these
being Duchess 125th from Allsopp's, Duchess of
Leicester from Holford's and Duchess of Row-
fant from Sir Curtis Lampson's.

Li 1886 Mr. Iiill imported the bull Duke of
Surrey 92018 — of A. H. Lloyd's breeding, sired
by 27th Duke of Airdrie out of Grand Duchess
48th — four three-year-old cows and one heifer
calf. He also purchased about this same time
two Grand Duchess cows at a sale held in Chi-
cago by Mr. H. Y. Attrill, and as this imported
bull was of that tribe the herd now possessed a
considerable collection of the Bates-bred Duch-
esses. The females sent out with the Duke of
Surrey were a grand lot, including the High-
land Society's first-prize two-year-old heifer
Chief Lustre 2d, the three-year-old Bonny Gypsy
bred by Mr. Duthie, Charm from Hugh Aylmer's
and Severn Daisy — an English winner with
heifer calf at foot by Piers Gaveston (50159).

On May 9, 1888, at a public sale at North
Oaks, thirty-seven head sold for an average of
$360.50. William Steele, a lumberman of Ionia,
Mich., bought Grand Duchess of North Oaks 2d

CLOSING EVENTS OF THE CENTURY. 747

at $1,550, imp. Oxford 29th at $1,000 and imp.
Duke of Nortii Oaks 2d at $750. B. C. Kumsey
of Buffalo took imp. Duchess of Rowfant at
$1,900.^- H. C. G. Bals of Indianapolis bought
North Oaks Lady of Oxford 2d at $1,550. Col.
William S. King got North Oaks Countess of
Oxford — a white yearling — at $1,000. A num-
ber of Scotch-bred females were offered, but
sold at a much lower range of values.

Mr. Hill did not long maintain the herd, but
the blood of his best cattle proved of much
value to Western breeders. He steadfastly de-
clined to compfete at the fairs with breeding
stock, but for several seasons was an active
competitor with both Short-horns and Angus
at the Chicago Fat-Stock Show. Probably his
best Short-horn steer was the roan Britisher,
that was a prize-winner at the show of 1889.
John T. Gibson had charge of the herds until
April 1, 1891, when William Miller assumed
the management. The latter remained at the
helm one year. Twelve months later, in April,
1893, he purchased the entire North Oaks Herds
of Short-horns and Aberdeen-Angus — about
one hundred head of each. About one-lialf of
each herd was shipped to Chicago and sold at
auction at the panic prices then prevailing.
The remainder were taken to Lakeside Farm.

•Mr. Rumaey had boW twenty-thrco head of Short-lioms at Chicago on the
provloiiB week ;it an avcrape of $;U:i. Mr. William Steele payttiK 11.100 for
Cambridge Kobo Sid aud iX.OSO for Cambridge Uoae 26th.

748 A HISTORY OF SHORT-HORN CATTLE.

Storm Lake, la., where Mr. Slierley, the pro-
prietor, took an interest in them. The Short-
horns were at length dispersed at auction at
Lakeside in 1895.

Hope's show herds of 1887 and 1889.—
In the fall of 1887, Mr. John Hope, manager
for the Messrs. Nelson at Bow Park, appeared
in the West with one of the most remarkable
show herds seen since the days of Col. King of
Lyndale. The lot was headed by the very good
show bull Baron Warlaby, but was chiefly re-
markable for its imported females, including
Lady Isabel, Havering Nonpareil 2d and Duch-
ess of Lincoln, selected in England for the ex-
press purpose of ''starring" the American show
circuit. Baron Warlaby was bred by Mr. Groff
of Ontario, and was got by the Booth-bred
Knight of Warlaby out of a cow tracing to
imp. Beauty by Snowball. Lady Isabel and
Havering Nonpareil 2d were both shown in the
cow class at the great Western fairs of 1887,
creating a profound sensation. Both w^ere
roans of magnificent scale, direct from the
hands of expert English "fitters."

Lady Isabel, called by Hope "the grandest
cow seen since Lady Fragrant," was bred by
John Outhwaite, of Bainesse, Yorkshire, and
was sired by the white bull Crown Prince
(38061)— a brother of the Rev. B. B. Kinnard's re-
nowned English show cow Queen Mary — out of

i

CLOSING EVENTS OF THE CENTURY. 749

Lady Conyers by the Royal prize bull Lord Go-
dolphin (36065). Notwithstanding the fact that
she had produced two heifers and one bull, she
was shown in reasonable bloom at the enor-
mous weight of 2,100 lbs., carried upon short,
neat bone. Havering Nonpareil 2d, although
not laid out on so grand a scale as the mas-
sive Lady Isabel, was a beautiful type, present-
ing a rare combination of flesh and finish,
entering the ring at a weight of near 2,000 ll)s.
She had been a winner at the English Royal,
and on account of her beautiful quality divided
the admiration of American lireeders with Lady
Isabel.* She was bred by D. Mcintosh of Hav-
ering Park, Essex, England, from Baron
Gwynne 2d 84510, running through the famous
Telemachus blood to the Sittyton Nonpareil
base; being a lineal descendant of Nonpareil
19th, by Matadore. Duchess of Lincoln, the
third member of Hope's peerless triumvirate,
was an extraordinary Bates-topped two-j'ear-
old, bred by J. J. Sharp of Broughton. Ketter-
ing, England. She was a strikingly-handsome,
broad -ribbed, finely-conditioned roan, of com-
manding show-yard appearance, and repeated
in America her earlier victories on the other
side of the water.

•At the Iowa State Fair of 1887, at Dee Moines, Wm. Stocklujr of Illinois,
tho awiii-dlnp Judpe, set the Nonpareil over Ludy Isabel. This was a rc^
markable Sliurt-liorn show. Mr. Liithor .\ilanis' .'^ootch-bred Imp. Miss
KaniBden ath belnp placed after the two Bow Park cows.

750 A HISTORY OF SHORT-HORN CATTLE.

Hope's last appearance in the show-ring in
the States was in the fall of 1889. He had pur-
chased imp. Cupbearer that spring at the Adams
sale at Chicago, and to avoid a troublesome
quarantine had placed him in the capable hands
of Mr. William H. Gibson, manager for B. C.
Rumsey at Niagara Stock Farm, Buffalo N. Y.
It must be said to Gibson's credit that the bull
was brought out that fall in rare bloom. When
he appeared at the head of the Bow Park Herd
at the Detroit Exposition September, 1889, he
was fit to stand for the credit of the breed in
any company. He was shown at a weight of
2,500 lbs., and barring a little tendency to
"roll" at the shoulder was as smooth as a year-
ling. Richard Gibson was the judge upon this
occasion, and while sending Cupbearer to head
the aged bull class, when it came to the cham-
pionship he passed him in favor of Bow Park's
yearling Baron Waterloo, got by Baron War-
laby 78878 out of Wave Surge by 57th Duke
of Oxford, tracing through Mr. Torr's "W's."
Aylesby and its Short-horn tribes never failed
to arouse the enthusiasm of Richard, and as
Baron Waterloo was really a well-ripened, good-
fleshed bull there was some basis for defense of
his unexpected decision placing the yearling
over the table-backed Scot. Hope won.. in the
cow class with Havering Nonpareil 2d, although
Mr. Abram Renick, the younger— who had sue-

CLOSING EVENTS OF THE CENTURY. 751

ceeded to his great-uncle's Rose of Sharon herd
— had a good second in Rosebud 85th. Bow
Park scored also in two-year-old heifers with
Isabella 3d, a handsome daughter of imp. Lady
Isabel, sired by Ingram's Chief 41833. in fact
Hope made a clean sweep by drawling the Idue
in both the yearling and heifer-calf classes,
gaining both championships and both of the
herd prizes.*

•The affairs of the Canada West Farm Stock Association were closed
at auction at Brantford Jan. 15, 1885, the title to both the farm and herd
passing to Messrs. Thomas Nelson & Sons of Liverpool. The real estate
was bought In at $71,000, the 115 head of Short-horns at $i)a.OOO, and the other
farm effects at $14,630. Mr. John Clay Jr., the present head of the American
stock-yards commission firm of Clay, Robinson & Co., had meantime been
placed in charge as financial representative of the Messrs. Nelson, Mr.
Hope continuing to act as herd manager, serving In that capacity until
the final disposition of the farm by the Nelsons Jan. 1, 18.t4. soon after
which event Mr. Hope died. The latter had for a long series of years been
one of the most conspicuous figures in the American live-stock trade, often
acting as judge, not only of cattle but draft and coach horses and other
varieties of farm animals. Fitting tribute has been paid to his memory by
Mr. Clay, whose literary skill has so often been employed in matters touch-
ing the affairs of those whose lives are spent among herds and flocks.
We Quote the following written by Mr. Clay for the LAr^-Stock Rrpori:

"Probably no single man ever had such a varied knowledge of the
breeders of fine stock In Europe and America as " genial John." We migh;.
except the late Simon Beattle. a sort of companlon-ln-arms. who had gone
through many a purchasing, selling aiui showing campaign with the above.
With those two gentlemen Richard Gibson was often as.sociate*!, and when
the trio met there was an accumulation of experience in br«>edlng and feed-
ing all classes of stock— of the folk lore, we might call it— of the bovine
world of anecdote, by sea and shore, never equalixl. Two have gone from
us, while the third remains to wield a powerful Influence In agricultural
matters throughout the St.'itos and Canada.

".lohii Hope was born over fifty years .-igo near to Cockcrmouth, Cumber-
land. His blrtliplaoe w;i8 near to an old church with a wonderful Ix-Ifry.
and when faraway from there he hearti the chime of hells floating ."u-ross
the Valley of the tirand Klver, near Branlfortl, Out.. It alw.iys reminded
him of the old days spent In his native parish. From Ctmil-H>rland he went
to Canada, spent some time In Missouri, a year or two at Watikc^an. 111.,
aiul then he settled down In (")Jitarlo. wher<> the latt«-r part of his life was
spiMit, first as ;i farmer ;ind Importer of tine stiK'k. and latterly as .isslstant
manager and mau;iger of Bow Park. During the last two mouths he h;ul

752 A HISTORY OP SHORT-HORN CATTLE.

Luther Adams' importations. — In the au-
tumn of 1880 Mr. Luther Adams of Boston,
Mass., who owned a large farm at Storm Lake,
la., commissioned Mr. William Miller to pro-
ceed to Scotland and select for his account a
shipment of the best young cattle obtainable.
Miller was admirably qualified for the work.
As we have already seen, he belonged to a fam-
ily that had been identified from an early period
with the importing and breeding trade of Can-
ada. As a young man he had bought cattle and
sheep in Great Britain; and his long and inti-
mate connection with the live-stock interests of
North America had given him an experience,

purchased this estate, but whether the actual details had heen carried
through or not we are unable to say.

" It was Aug^ust, 1876, in the Valley of the Severn, under the shadow of the
Cotswold Hills, that the writer flrst met Hope. From that day a chain of
unbroken friendship that had to stand tlie strain of many a gale remained
unbroken. In 1877 or 1878 Hope went to Bow Park as manager of the herd
then one of the largest and most valuable in the world, and in 1879 I joined
him at that place. Bow Park was not a financial success. It was started
when the Short-horn business was on the wane. Here it was, however
that John Hope became a great force in trans- Atlantic agriculture. Many
an object lesson he gave on the farm amid the stately oaks that surmoimt
the homestead at Bow Park. There he was at his best. The fever of strong
prejudices was laid away, and before you was the animal. Ah! how he
loved to look at them. When the show cows were let out from their shady
boxes at sundown to graze in the cool night air then came Hope's enjoy-
ment. As the artist loves his picture, the huntsman his hound, the mother
her child, so the idol of our friend was the Short-horn cow. For years it
was the Alpha and Omega of his existence. Latterly, when a happy mar-
riage came across his path, and a beautiful family to cluster round him, the
old love was dimmed a little, bvit the virgin fires still blazed, and no later
than the great show of cattle at the World's Fair Hope was there as in-
tensely interested as ever. In the show-yard he had phenomenal success.
Will the present race of American cattlemen ever forget Duke of Clarence
4th, the Clarence Kirklevington, and the herd of cows and heifers which a
few years ago swept like a cyclone through the show-yards of the States
and Canada? As an exhibitor Hope was a strong partisan, and in the pecu-
liar politics of an American show-ring he was an adept. Long years of ex-

CLOSING EVENTS OF THE CENTURY. 753

a seasoned judgment and an acquaintance on
both sides the water not excelled by any other
individual of his time. A shrewd, keen-witted,
"all-around" judge, "Willie" Miller ranks as
one of the makers of American Short-horn
history.

The shipment of 1887. — Canadian quaran-
tine restrictions had rendered impossible the
further forwarding of the Sittyton surplus to Mr.
Davidson, so that it came to pass that Mr.Cruirk-
shank's final American outlet was through the
medium of Mr. Adams. Arriving in Aberdeen-
shire Mr. Miller repaired at once to Sittyton.
Mr. Cruickshank was well sold out of bulls at

perlence and cloae observation had made him so, and he only fought his
opponents with their own weapons. As a judge he was strictly Impartial,
jvnd as an all-round man was, so far as my observation goes, without an
equal. In the show-yard arena during the last twenty years I have watched
many an exhibitor and judge. Years ago I saw an Elliot of Hlndhope, a
Hootli of Warl;iby, a Drewry of Holker take their parts In the play. In lat-
ter years all of us have seen a Talt of Windsor, Gibson of Canada, Billy
Leavltt In the Chicago Stock- Yards, and a host of others, all men of quick
perception; but when it came down to close judgment, whether it was a
hound, a horse, or a Hereford. I think John Hope would have got the laurel
wreath, for with him It was Intuition. He was quick, keen, decisive, al-
most too rapid for the general public, but he was always there or there-
abouts when the best animal li:id to be picked from the bunch.

"In personal appeanince Hope was broad and burly, a grand specimen
of the English yeoman. Apart from his general contour his prominent
feature was the eye. He was the possessor of ;i pair of great luminous
blue eyes, that Imparted to his appearance a, singularly soft and winning-
e.xpression. When a child entered the room it invariably went straight to
him, and through those eyes tteamed forth all that was tender and true In
his nature, ."^liiiple liliuself aii a child, generous to a f;i\ilt, strong In bis
friendship, with the he;irt of a lion, yet the mildness and gentleness of a
lamb, he loaves behind a record for probity as .1 heritage to all who knew
hlni. Let us inscribe tlils sentiment to his memory: That the leading fea-
tun^ of his life was sympathy; or. to go deeixr still, shall we call It love-
love of mankind !ind the dumb creation, that flower which h.is bloomed
perennially ever since the day Adam and Eve left the gates of Paradisic"
48

754 A HISTORY OF SHORT-HORN CATTLE.

the time, having but one for sale that was
deemed worthy of importation. This, the red
calf Harvester, by Baron Violet, was bought
along with the choice heifers Simplicity, Gwen-
doline, Athene, Golden Feather, Sorrel, Golden
Crest and Violet Mist. The chief stock bull
at Sittyton at this time was Cumberland, con-
cerning which bull Mr. Miller says: "Cumber-
land was then in his prime, a massive roan,
with great quality and thickness of flesh, very
strong back and loin, good strong head and
long quarters, but did not carry himself with
as much style as one would like. The more
you looked at him the more you thought of
him, but when one saw his mother, Custard, a
grand roan, it was not hard to divine where he
got his breeding qualities." Cumberland's son.
Feudal Chief (51251), out of a Lavender dam,
was then being used freely in tlie herd. Mr.
Cruickshank seemed to place much confidence
in him, but Mr. Miller was not altogether
pleased with the bull. He adds: "Commodore
(54118), a grand roan by Baron Violet (47444)
out of Custard, the dam of Cumberland, was
the best bull I saw at Sittyton. He was not so
massive as Cumberland, but finer. I tried every
way I could to buy him for Mr. Adams, but Mr.
Cruickshank would not price him." The herds
at Colly nie and Uppermill were visited, and as
young stock by Field Marshal and William of

CLOSING EVENTS OF THE CENTURY. 755

Orange were at that time being offered, some
advantageous purchases were made from
Messrs. Duthie and Marr. From the former
he got the Field Marshal heifers Viola 5th, Fra-
grance, Lady Dorothy 2d and Bashful 2d,* be-
sides the young bull Lord Lancaster by same
sire.

Cupbearer bought. — The yearling bull Cup-
bearer (52692) had just been sold by Mr. Duthie
to an Ontario breeder and sent to Liverpool for
shipment, but on account of the Canadian quar-
antine proclamation he had to be returned to
Collynie, whereupon Mr. Miller secured him for
Mr. Adams. He had been shown during tlie
summer of 1886 as a yearling, winning first prize
in a good class of two-year-olds at the Royal
Northern and had the reserve number next to
Field Marshal. He was a roan sired liy Rob
Roy (45484) out of the prize cow Countess 4th,
descending from Mr. Cruickshank's Fragrance
by Matadore, and became the champion show
bull of America. From j\rr. Marr was obtained
Missie 99th, Sweet Brier 7th, Flora 89th and a
young bull by William of Orange. A promis-
ing bull calf. Prince Charlie, bred l\v P. R. Smith
of Aberdeenshire, and one or two others from
local breeders came with the first importation.

•Bashful 2d— of the Mlsa Ramsdoii trilx?— \v.i8 what Amorloan breeders
term a geimlno "doiible-decker"— a bt>ef.v, broad-baoktHl cow with a larire,
shapely tidder. She was a heavy milker aiid was one of the cows chosen
In 1893 to represent the breed In the Columbian Dairy Test.

756 A HISTORY OF SHORT-HORN CATTLE.

West Liberty sale. — Mr. Adams had mean-
time been a buyer of American-bred stock of
standard Bates and other established varieties,
and a selection of these along with the major
portion of the importation above mentioned
was offered at public sale at West Liberty, la..
May 12, 1887. The catalogue contained the
two Bates-bred heifers Lady Barrington Bates
and Lady Winsome Wild Eyes 2d, from one of
Richard Gibson's importations, and as the ri-
valry between the Bates and Scotch factions
was running high at this time much specula-
tion was indulged in as to relative prices likely
to prevail. Practically all the leading breed-
ers of the West were present, and as the cattle
were brought forward in good form, notwith-
standing their recent Atlantic voyage, some ex-
cellent prices were realized. Evidently a ma-
jority of those present were attracted by the
Aberdeenshire lots, and as a result of a sharp
contest between the late Robert Miller and C.
W. Norton of Durant, la., the Sittyton Secret
heifer Simplicity was taken by the latter at
$1,200. Mr. Norton also took out the highest-
priced bull of the day, imp. Prince Charlie, at
$1,000. Lady Barrington Bates brought 11,060
and the imported Scotch heifers sold at an av-
erage around $500. Robt. Miller secured some
of the best of these, among others the roan
Violet Mist, afterward the property of C. B.

CLOSING EVENTS OF THE CENTURY. 757

Dustin, that grew into a genuine "double-
decker" — a good breeder, a iieavy flesh-carrier
when not in milk and possessing marked dairy
quality. It was at this sale that C. S. Barclay
of West Liberty selected Harvester at $500.
The forty-two head offered made an average
of $328.35.*

The memorable purchase of 1887. — In the
fall of 1887 Mr. Miller again visited Scotland,
purchasing no less than thirty-one head of
heifers and thirty-nine young bulls, all from

•Mr. Miller fitted and exhibited for Mr. Adams at the fall fairs of 1887 a
herd headed by Strathearn 77994, a compactly- built, thlck-fleshed red, bred
by John Miller & Son, Broug-ham, Ont., descending from Imp. Rose of Strath-
allan, that was probably the most valuable breeding cow John Miller ever
owned. She lived to be nineteen years of age, and this reference to Strath-
earn reminds us that no less than eleven direct descendants of the famous
old cow won at different times championship prizes in Canada and the
United States. Mr. John Miller bought Rose of Strathallan just after she
had gained the gold medal at the Highland Show of 1870 in her five-year-old
form. She carried at the time the famous bull Lord Strathallan. already
mentioned. The West as well as the Dominion is indebted to John Miller
for many good cattle and the author has pleasure in here recording a pass-
ing recognition of the value of his services as a breeder and importer. He
is still living at the ripe old age of eighty-three years and figures as one of
the strongest and sturdiest characters ever Identified with our live-stock in-
terests. Like most of the Canadian breeders who have succeeded so well
with Short-horns Mr. Miller la a Scot. The herd at Brougham is one of the
oldest In the Dominion. Among the earliest sires used were Oxford Ma-
zurka from Woodburn, Canadian Prince, of Campbell origin, and Fawsley
Chief, a Torr-Booth. For many years past none but Scotch bulls have been
used, Included among them being the famous Vice Consul (brought to the
States by Messrs. Sanger), Slttyton Stamp, etc. Mr. Miller's sons are widely
and favor.ibly known and Robert has made manj- trips across the Atlantic,
buying cattle and sheep for show and brooding purposes. Indeed, few. if
any. families have a longer or more honorable Identification with Ameri-
can stock-breeding interests than the Millers.

Imp. Cupbearer was .shown in this Lakeside herd of 1887 as a two-year-
old, .'ind while much .idniired bad not assumed the phenomenal show-yard
form whieli he afterward attained. The cow of this show herd was Miss
Rainsilen '.till, an 1,865-lb. rod. with a remarkable heart-girth, and the two-
year-old heifer was her own sister. Miss Ramsden 10th.

758 A HISTORY OF SHORT-HORN CATTLE.

the herds of Cruickshank, Duthie, Marr and
Campbell — the largest importation ever made
direct from Aberdeenshire to the United States.
The value of this lot of cattle to American
herds can scarcely yet be fairly estimated.
Among the females were the grand roan Bra-
with Bud cow Germanica from Sittyton, the
thick heifers Proud Belle, Charity 3d and the
great roan Princess Alice from Collynie; while
among the bulls, then all unknown to fame,
were Craven Knight, Gay Monarch, Indian
Chief, Freemason, Pro Consul, Mephistopheles
and Master of the Mint. A selection from this
lot was offered at auction at Dexter Park, Chi-
cago, May 16, 1888. While appreciation of
Scotch blood for crossing purposes on Ameri-
can-bred cows was now general throughout the
entire country, prices for all classes of cattle
were still upon a very moderate basis. Hence
high values Avere not to be thought of. It was
here that J. G. Robbins & Sons, Horace, Ind.,
made the "hit" of their career as breeders by
selecting the roan Marr-bred calf Gay Monarch,
by William of Orange out of Alexandrina 17th
by Athabasca at ^375. Messrs. Cookson got Pro
Consul at $630. Francis Davis of Minnesota
bought Freemason at 1300. Arthur Johnston
secured Indian Chief at $350, and J. F. Prather
of Village Park, Williamsville, 111., took out
Mephistopheles at $300; the twenty-five bulls

CO "5

CLOSING EVENTS OF THE CENTURY. 701j

averaging $308. It must be borne in mind tliat
these calves had l)een weaned at a compara-
tively early age in Scotland, shipped 4,000
miles and offered before opportunity had been
had for putting them in strong condition. Had
they been fed for six months or a year they
would doubtless have averaged double the
money. Mr. Miller insisted at the time that
the youngsters would grow out in a way that
would fairly astonish buyers, and his words
upon this point indeed proved prophetic. The
highest-priced heifer sold at this sale was imp.
Lady of the Meadow, taken by T. W. Harvey
at $575.

Lakeside's show herd of 1888. — At the
shows -of 1888 Lakeside came forward in force.
Cupbearer was now a three-year-old and had im-
proved wonderfully with twelve months' feed-
ing. He was never a typical Scotch bull, lack-
ing the essential element of early maturity, but
as a three-year-old he disphiyed that marvelous
back, loin and hip-covering for which he was
afterward so famous. Still he wanted tilliug
at the flanks. A smoother bull proliably never
stood in the American show-ring. It was a
strong class at the Iowa State Fair that year,
including N. P. Clarke's big red, Canadian-bred
Oscar, Barr's imp. Scotland's Hero and the Du-
thie-bred Crown Prince, also shown by Mr.
Clarke. First prize here fell to Oscar, but at

760 A HISTORY OF SHORT-HORN CATTLE.

the Illinois show Cupbearer went to the front,
winning over Varner's Frederick William 4th,
Wilhoit's Athelstane 3cl and other good ones.
Along with Cupbearer there came from Storm
Lake this season the great cows Germanica and
Miss Ramsden Dth. Mr. Clarke was showing
the beautiful Kinellar-bred Goldie cow Gypsy
Maid,* and when to such as these we add Wil-
hoit's Young Necklace fair-goers of that period
will have called to their minds visions of Short-
horn beauty such as are rarely equaled. Lake-
side was " loaded " this same year in the two-
year-old heifers with Mr. Duthie's Proud Belle,
of a wonderfully wide-ribbed, fleshy type. The
peerless Princess Alice was the yearling aud
she displayed such extraordinary quality that
she was made female champion at several of
the leading fairs of the Western circuit. It
was a great herd and when it gained the cham-
pionship over all beef breeds at "The Ameri-
can Royal " — the Illinois State Fair at Olney —
it was indeed a proud day for "Willie" Miller
and the Scots.

Third and last lot. — In January, 1889, the

* Mr. Clark's Gypsy Maid was one of the finest specimens of the breed of
her time In the United States. She possessed something of the same quality
and character as Princess Alice, and like that cow left a valuable progreny.
She was a roan, bred by Campbell of Kinellar, from the Sittyton-bred Ver-
mont 78225— running- throug-h Harmony by Pride of the Isles to Mr. Marr's
Goldie tribe— and was imported in September, 1885, by John Isaac of Caxiada.
She combined rare thickness with admirable finish, and was a milker as
well as a flesh-carrier. She was often shown with success, and was the
champion female of the breed at the Iowa State Fair of 1889.

CLOSING EVENTS OF THE CENTURY. 761

third and last of the Luther Adams lots came
over. It consisted of twelve young bulls and
eighteen heifers, all from Sittyton, the get
of Gondolier, Feudal Chief, Standard Bearer,
Cumberland and Commodore. Soon after these
had been put through quarantine Mr. Adams
decided upon a dispersion sale of the entire
Lakeside stock, including the bulls of the last
importation and the show herd of 188S. Even
the best cattle were not commanding long
prices in those days. Breeders found it neces-
sary to economize in every possible way, and
Mr. Adams felt that the situation was such that
it was impossible to continue importations from
Scotland with any prospect of reselling at a
profit. ■ He accordingly disposed of his farm to
Mr. T. H. Sherley of Louisville, Ky., and cata-
logued sixty-six head of Short-horns to be sold
at Dexter Park, Chicago, April 25, 1889. Few
better lots ever went under the auctioneer's
hammer in the Western States, and if by some
witchery this herd could be restored to life and
put on the market in these prosperous closing
days of the nineteenth century quite anotlier
story could be told as to the result. The beau-
tiful Princess Alice fell to the bidding of John
Hope of Bow Park at $710. John was never
accused of being partial to Scotch-bred cattle,
but such as Princess Alice appealed to his
skilled judgment with irresistible force. Mv.

762 A HISTORY OF SHORT-HORN CATTLE.

Dustin got Victoria 79th, Proud Belle and Ger-
manica 2d at |425, |420 and $325 respectively.
Hugh Draper, Washington, la., got the rich-
fleshed roan Fatima at $400. Messrs. Potts se-
cured Germanica at $395. Miss Ramsden 10th
went to L. H. Conn of St. Louis at $325. Prin-
cess Alice's sappy heifer Alice Maude was se-
cured by the author of this volume on a bid of
$300 for export to Mexico. J. R. Jones & Son,
Williamsville, 111., bought Blythesome Bride at
$230. The show bull Strathearu went to Geo.
Harding & Son. Waukesha, Wis., at 1700. Cup-
bearer was bought by John Hope at $650. C. C.
Platter, Red Oak, la., got imp. Bandmaster, aft-
erward noted as a sire in the herd of H. D. Par-
sons, at $630. The entire sixty-six head offered
brought an average of $289.69.

The heifers in the importation of 1889 were
sold along with Lakeside Farm to Mr. Sherley,
who subsequently disposed of most of them at
private treaty to Col. W. A. Harris and the late
John McHugh of Cresco, la. The lot sold in-
cluded sixteen yearling heifers of Cruickshank,
Duthie and Marr breeding, one-half of which
went to Linwood along with the bull Craven
Knight.

The Short-horn herd bred at Lakeside from
the North Oaks and Luther Adams purchases
was closed out at auction on June 12, 1895, at
an average of 1204 for the forty-six head offered.

CLOSING EVENTS OF THE CENTURY. 763

The stock bull Knight of the Thistle 108656, by
Craven Knight, tracing to imp. Rose of Strath-
allan, was bought by Mr. H. C. Stuart of Salt-
ville, Va., at $650. Col. T. S. Moberley gave
$500 for the roan Cupbearer cow Gwendoline
2cl, and for her daughter Gwendoline 3d Maj.
J. T. Cowan, Cowan's Mills, Va., paid a like sum.
In addition to Knight of the Thistle Mr. Miller
had used German Laird 981 S2, by Strathearn
77994 out of the Pure Gold or Bra with Bud
cow imp. Germanica.""^'

Gwendoline 2d was a prime favorite with Mr.
Miller, She was a regular breeder, a heavy
milker, with a wide, strong back and beautiful
character. He often compared her with the
celebrated English champion show cow the
great Mollie Millicent.f

Last successful Duchess sale. — Allasion has

* It was from this herd that Mr. Abram Renick, the younfirer, bought the
bulls Wallace 117()54, by German Laird out of the Wild Eyes cow North
Oaks Duchess of Worcester 2d. and Royal Scot 117217, by Kni?lit of the
Thistle out of Gwendoline 2d, for the purpose of Introducing some fresh
blood into the Rose of Sharon herd left him as a legacy on the death of his
great-uncle, Abram Reulck, in 1884.

t Lakeside Farm was bought from Mr. Sherley by Mr. Miller in 189S and
upon that valuable Iowa property the veteran breeder and Importer is
spending his declining years, feeding operations engaging most of his atten-
tion. His occasional contributions to the Breedtr's Oazcttc have reflected not
only his fine vein of humor but literary ability of the highest order. That
gifted American author, Donald G. Mitchell (" Ik Marvel") in forwarding
a conununlcatlon of his own, jirepared especially for one of the Christmas
issues of the Gazette, rcferri>d to an article of Mr. Miller's in a prior issue
with this conunent: "When you can secure such matter ;»a Mr. Miller's
article of lust year from within the ranks of your own constituency I do
not aee why you need call professional literary men to your aid."

764 A HISTORY OF SHORT-HORN CATTLE.

heretofore been made to the fact that Messrs.
Kigdou Huston & Son of Blandinsville, 111., pur-
chased the entire Bates-bred herd of Col. Le G.
B. Cannon of Vermont and added it to their
Hilldale stock in 1881 at a cost of $50,000 for
thirty-two head. The Cannon herd contained
several representatives of the Airdrie Duchess
tribe, obtained from Hillhurst, and as the
Messrs. Huston were among the most practical
of our Western breeders they were successful
in producing from this purchase a good num-
ber of first-class animals. They had in service
for a time the 22d Duke of Airdrie 16695 and
subsequently bought from Bow Park for $5,000
a good rich-roan son of 4th Duke of Clarence,
known as 2d Duke of Brant 55479 a bull of
admirable quality and character.

After the death of Rigdon Huston the herd
was closed out at auction at Dexter Park, Chi-
cago, Nov. 21 and 22, 1888, under the manage-
ment of the son, Mr. Theodore Huston.* There
were twelve head of Dukes and Duchesses in
the sale, all descended from the celebrated 10th
Duchess of Airdrie, and like the Hillhurst lot

* Rigdon Huston was one of the pioneer breeders of the West and was
a man of the highest character, universally esteemed. He had from early
days been an owner of pure-bred Short-horns, chosen primarily for their
individual merit, and he was to the last a consistent advocate of quality in
the animal as a consideration paramount. His son Theodore was of a spec-
ulative turn of mind and did not engage as a partner in breeding with his
father until the purchase of the Cannon herd was consummated. In 1893
Theodore Huston, who was in very ill health, was appointed United States
Consul at El Paso, Tex., but even the mild climate of that reirion did not
aave liim from an early deatlu

i

CLOSING EVENTS OF THE CENTURY. 765

sold at same place, as noted on page 712, they
were, as a rule, of superior individual merit
and brought good prices. It was claimed at
the time that this was the best collection of
Duchesses in existence on either side the water
—a fact which was largely due to the undoubted
skill of the Messrs. Huston. The " plum " of the
females was the two-year-old heifer 8th Duchess
of Hilldale, that brought the long price of $6,600
from William Steele of Ionia, Mich. The same
buyer took the stock bull 2d Duke of Brant at
$3,000. Mr. William Wright of Detroit, Mich.,
bought the five-year-old roan 4th Duchess of
Hilldale at $2,600. John Hope bid off the roan
yearling .12th Duchess of Hilldale at $3,000.
H. C. G. Bals of Indianapolis took the red heifer
calf 14th Duchess of Hilldale at $2,250. For the
red-and-white six-year-old cow 3d Duchess of
Hilldale Messrs. Flynn & Ell^ert, Des ^loines,
la., paid $2,050. W. H. Carlyle, Plymouth. 0..
secured the four-year-old 6th Duchess of Hill-
dale at $1,950. B. C. Rumsey of Buffalo took
the red-roan yearling 11th Duchess of Hilldale
at $1,800. T. C. Anderson, Side View, Ky., got
the matron of the tribe, the ten-year-old 7th
Duchess of Ilillhurst, at $1,700. W. W. Ben-
ton, Mendon, 111., ])ought the roan heifer calf
13th Duchess of Hilldale at $1,550. John Hope
took the red bull calf 16tli Diike of Hilldale at
$1,650. G. H. Barnett of Pennsylvania bought

766 A HISTORY OF SHORT-HORN CATTLE.

the roan bull calf ISth Duke of Hilldale at $900.
The nine females averaged $2,611; three bulls
averaged $1,850; the twelve head bringing
$29,050 — an average of 32,420.85. Seven head
of Barringtons, sold upon this same occasion,
averaged $360; six Kirklevingtons averaged
$352.50; the seventy-nine aniuials catalogued
bringing $43,320 — an average of $548.35.

The old 7th Duchess of Hillhurst subse-
quently reverted to Mr. Theodore Huston and
was sold along with her heifer 15th Duchess of
Hilldale at an auction sale held at Abingdon,
111., May 13, 1891, in connection with a lot of
cattle belonging to Mr. Strawther Givens of that
place, both of the Duchesses going to George
Allen, Allerton, HI., at $1,000 for the old cow
and $1,500 for the heifer. The 10th Duchess of
Airdrie ranks next in Duchess history to Duch-
ess 66th, ancestress of the New York Mills lot.
The great Woodburn matron that passed from
Mr. Alexander's hands to George Murray of
Racine, and from him to Hon. M. H. Cochrane,
left a family of descendants that sold in the
aggregate at public and private sale for a total
of about $300,000. The old cow^ died at an ad-
vanced age in 1884, the property of Maj. S. E.
Ward, Westport, Mo.

Sale of the Sittyton herd.— In May, 1889,
the Short-horn breeding world was startled by
the report that the entire Sittyton herd, con-

CLOSING EVENTS OF THE CENTURY. 707

sisting at that date of 154 head, had been sold
at private treaty to James Nelson & Sons of
Liverpool, Eng., for exportation to the Argen-
tine Republic, South America. Those who had
enjoyed intimate relations with Mr. Cruickshank
were aware that the old gentleman had long
contemplated retiring from the profession in
which he had gained world-wide fame. Indeed,
a proposition had been under consideration in
America looking toward the formation of a syn-
dicate for the purchase and importation to this
country of the entire herd. These negotiations,
however, were not carried to a successful issue,
and when the announcement was made that the
stock was to be shipped to Buenos Ay res ex-
pressions of keen regret were heard throughout
all Britain and North America. It is an old
saying that "it is an ill wind that blows nobody
good." To the failure of the great interna-
tional banking house of Baring Bros., which oc-
curred in England soon after Messrs. Nelson
had accomplished the purchase of the stock.
Short-horn breeders of Britain, Canada and the
States are indebted for the retention in the
motherland of the bulk of the Sittyton cattle.
Grave financial complications in the Argentine
rendered it inexpedient to carry out the origi-
nal project of shipping the entire herd to tiie
Southern l\epul>lic.

Mr. Robert Bruce, then of Darlington and

768 A HISTORY OF SHORT-HORN CATTLE.

now an official of the Royal Irish Agricultural
Society — one of the best-informed men of his
time in all Britain and a popular judge at lead-
ing shows — had represented the Messrs. Nelson
in this important transaction and decided, in
view of the failure of the original plan for ex-
portation, that the herd had best be held at the
home farm pending some satisfactory disposi-
tion of the stock. This arrangement was car-
ried into effect and the cattle were kept at Sit-
tyton until May, 1890. Mr. Bruce has given us
an interesting account of the extreme reluc-
tance with which Mr. Cruickshank finally parted
with his pets. We quote:

Can anyone realize what the selling of his entire herd of Short-
horns would mean to such a man ; a herd which had been the work
of a lifetime to buiid up? While the transaction was being- carried
through I felt sincere sympathy for him, as I could see how the
thought of parting with his cattle affected his strong mind. The
resolution to sell was arrived at owing to his failing health and
the fact that the lease of his farm had expired; and when the
proposition of a private purchase of the entire lot was made he
liked the idea, seeing it would save him all the worry and trouble
attending a public sale. In a letter to me, dated May 5, 1889, he
wrote: "In reply to your letter regarding the Short-horn cattle,
my lease of the farm expires next year. I am in my eighty-second
year and from a serious illness which I had last year I am not now
able to give the cattle that attention which I had used to do and
which is essentially necessary to continue. This is the cause of
their being offered for sale."

William Duthie of Collynie was so fortunate
as to secure a majority of the most useful cows
— some thirty-five head in number. Mr. J.
Deane Willis of Bapton Manor, Codford, Wilt-

CLOSING EVENTS OF THE CENTURY. 701J

shire, Eng., bought all of the yearling heifers
excepting those of the Violet tribe, which fam-
ily, consisting of but live females, was pur-
chased, along with Grapevine's bull calf Glen-
garry and five other females, by Mr. C. W. Tin-
dall for Mr. Sutton Nelthorpe of Scawby Brigg,
Lincolnshire, Eng. Mr. J. Wilson of Pirries-
mill, Huntley, bought the cow Cordenella and
her bull calf Sovereign, by Gondomar, that be-
came a well-known sire.

The stock bulls in the herd at the time of
its purchase were the following: Cumberland
(46144), Gondolier (52956), Commodore (541 IS).
Gondomar and Collingwood. Cumberland was
old and very much worn. The flesh had slipped
from his chine and shoulders, and as it was evi-
dent that little if any further service could be
had from him he was sent to the butcher.
Gondolier w^as a red by Cumberland out of
Gilliver l)y Roan Gauntlet, with good ribs
and a strong back. I)ut lame at the time of
his purchase in both shoulders. He was sold
to go into Durham, Eng. Unfortunately for
the breed the last great Sittytou bull. Commo-
dore, and his good stable companion Gon-
domar were shii)ped to South America. Mr.
Bruce tells us that Mr. Cruickshank called
Commodore "the best animal that ever left Sit-
tytou." He was sired by Baron Violet (47444)
out of Custard by ivoyal Duke of Gloster; sec-

770 A HISTORY OF SHORT-HORN CATTLE.

ond dam Princess Royal by Champion of Eng-
land.-^ Mr. Bruce says that viewed from the
side Commodore was simply perfect — very
level and deep. Seen from behind, however,
he thought him a bit narrow. His "roasts"
were wide on top, but his ril)s did not present
as perfect an arch as one would like. Commo-
dore was lost at sea. Gondomar, a red of good
style and character, by Feudal Chief (51251) out
of Godiva by Cumberland; second dam Gilliver
by Roan Gauntlet, was extra good and should
have been retained in Scotland. Collingwood
was a bull of nice quality, but somewhat lack-
ing in width.

The Cruickshank cows at Colly nie. — Mr.
Duthie originally bought the eighteen old cows
that the Nelsons deemed too aged for export
under agreement to remove them from Sittyton
on the 1st of June, 1889, and allow their calves
to suck them, these calves to be the property
of Messrs. Nelson, delivered in the following

♦Before taking' leave of this line of breeding- we may add the following
description of this epoch-making sire, furnished the author by Mr. John W,
Cruickshank: "Champion of England was a beautiful calf, his hair ac-
tually waved in the wind, and until his death in 1870 no other sire was so
fully trusted; his large, deep body was carried on short legs; his quarters,
though not long, were broad and deep; his frame carried an unusually thick
covering of natural flesh, and so full was he behind the shoulders that the
meat actually projected beyond the shoulder blades. No bull ever had
such an influence in the herd; his calves could easily be picked out and the
use of his sons, grandsons and great-grandsons impressed the Sittyton herd
generally with his character. Himself descended on both sides from
tribes of good milking qualities his daughters were useful dairy cattle as
well as heavy-fleshed Short-horns. His death -vt-as the result of calculus,
and when killed his organs were as sound and healthy as possible,"

CLOSING EVENTS OF THE CENTURY. 771

October. Calves born after the 1st of June
from these old cows to be the property of Mr.
Duthie. Following is the full list of cows final-
ly obtained from Sittyton for Collynie: Of the
Venus tribe, Juliet, by Barmpton Prince, Ga-
zelle, by Roan Gauntlet (both reds), and the
roan Gipseywort, by Roan Gauntlet. Of the
Secret tribe, the w^iite Sobriety and the roan
Sunflower, both by Roan Gauntlet; the red
Spirea and the roan Sarcasm, l)oth by Cumber-
land, and the red vSiren, by Commodore. Of
the Pure Gold or Brawith Bud tribe, the roan
heifer Gardenia, by Cumberland. Of the Vic-
toria tribe, the roan Victoria 57th, by Barmp-
ton Prince, and the red Victoria 5Sth (dam of
imp. Baron Victor), by Pride of the Isles. Of
the Duchess of Gloster family, the roan 21st of
that name, by Barmpton Prince; the roan 24th
Duchess, by Lord of the Isles, and the red 8()th
Duchess, by Chancellor. Of the Crocus sort,
the roan Costume, by Bridesman, the red Ca-
lypso, by Gondolier, and the roan Canzonet, by
Standard Bearer. Of the Clipper sort, so fa-
mous as bull-breeders at Sittyton, the red Cro-
cus, by Pride of the Isles, the white Chrysan-
themum, by Crusader, the red Coraline, l\v
Cumberland, and the red Cluster Rose, by Gon-
dolier. Of the Lavender famil3% the red Lav-
ender 15th. a sixteen-year-old cow by l>ord
Warden, the roan Lavender KUh. bv Lord

772 A HISTORY OF SHORT-HORN CATTLE.

Lansdowne, fifteen years old, the roan Laven-
der 45th, by Baron Violet, the roan 46th, by
Dunblane, the roan 4Sth, by Cumberland, and
the red Lavender 50th, by Baron Violet. Of
the Spicey sort, the roan Seaweed, by Perfec-
tion, the roan Silverlocks, by Roan Gauntlet,
and the roan Sea Foam, by Gondolier. Of the
Lovely family, the fourteen-year-old red Lovely
20th, by Lord Lancaster, and the ten-year-old
roan Lovely 35th, by Roan Gauntlet. In addi-
tion to these he took the red fourteen-year-old
Abarilla, by Barmpton Prince, and the ten-
year-old red Veronica, by Pride of the Isles.
Field Marshal and Mario. — In acquiring the
"cream" of the breeding matrons of the Cruick-
shank herd, William Duthie virtually succeeded
to the throne which had l)een abdicated by the
sage of Sittyton. A near neighbor and good
friend of the grand old man, Mr. Duthie had
already had in service the famous roan Field
Marshal (47870 ), by Roan Gauntlet out of Azalea
by Caesar Augustus. This was a great bull in
every sense of the term so far as conformation
was concerned, but scarcely perfect in his
handling qualities. He was a massive 2,500-lb.
bull with a good head, wonderful back, ribs,
loins and quarters, but rather bare below; and
he and his stock lacked a little of that soft,
mellow covering of flesh so highly prized by
so many judges. In Mr. Duthie's hands he

CLOSING EVENTS OF THE CENTURY. 773

sired some of the most celebrated show and
breeding stock ever sent out from the North of
Scotland. One of his sons, the famous Mario
(51713), was the greatest show bull of his day
in Britain. In the herd of Mr. A. M. Gordon of
Newton, Mario carried the championship prizes
at both the Royal and Highland shows of 1888,
and at the time of his death in 1889 in the
hands of Mr. C. W. Brierley, he was on a tri-
umphal tour of the English circuit. Mario in-
herited Field Marshal's substance and flesh, but
like his sire was somewhat wanting in the'ele-
ment of quality.^^ Field .Alai-shal was let for a
period of three years to William Tait, manager
for the Queen of England at Her Majesty's
Shaw farm at Windsor; a stroke of policy on
Mr. Duthie's part which proved fruitful of re-
sults to the Scotch Short-horn interest in Eng-
land. The mere fact that Royalty had taken
up with an Aberdeenshire-bred sire of itself

•Robert Bruce says: "Mario was a larfre bull. Many English Judges
did not have, a very hl.-h opinion of him. and there Is no doubt th.t^S^
was some truth In what they said, viz.: -He was like Tfat st^. i '^.'^^t
to buy h m as a throe-year-old having him In price, and was .Sk.;i b^Mr
Gordon to put the cueHtlon of purchase aside and tell him U I c;l.deJ^"

attract attention In K„.^la„d to Scotch Shor.-horr "^ '°

sto;:?^:;"cf;:;:;r^r;;m;;:r!;'u;;rrT ?'r ^'^ "'^-"^ ^-'«^-

774 A HISTORY OF SHORT-HORN CATTLE.

j)aved the way for the breaking down of that
general prejudice which had up to this time ex-
isted in England against the North country
type. Shortly after the return of Field Mar-
shal to Collynie, in the fall of 1889, the great
bull accidentally slipped and injured himself in
such a manner as destroyed his further useful-
ness.

Scottish Archer and Count Lavender. — It
was in the spring of 1890 that Deane Willis
made his memorable purchase of thirty-three
yearling Sittyton-bred heifers and the two bulls
Scottish Archer (59893) and Captain of the
Guard. This removed to the South of England
a good percentage of the Cruickshank females
and Bapton Manor and Collynie became the
headquarters for the Sittyton sorts. Mr. Willis
worked in conjunction with Mr. Duthie in the
matter of sires, and both have met with much
success in supplying show-yard winners and
breeding animals for leading British and Amer-
ican herds. Scottish Archer was a roan by
Cumberland out of the Secret cow Surname by
Pride of the Isles, and ultimately became the
property of Mr. Duthie, proving, as shown by
the late Collynie sales, the most popular of all
the latter-day Scottish sires.

A bull that did the Willis herd excellent
service and extended still further the fame of
the Scotch type in British show-yards was the

CLOSING EVENTS OF THE CENTURY. HO

roan Count Lavender (00545). Soon after Mr.
Willis acquired the Sittyton heifers the ques-
tion of a suitable bull for them came up, and
the matter was discussed with Mr. Cruickshank
himself. In reference to this Mr. Roljert Bruce
says : "Of course he knew well the Lavender
blood and also that of the sire Norseman
(56233). Together we w-ent carefully into the
pedigree of the grandsire, Earl of March (33807).*
and I was rather surprised to find that Mr.
Cruickshank could remember the bull and
speak of his many strong points as well as of
a slight dip in the middle of his back. After
considering the sul)ject in his usual careful
way he said : ' Mr. Willis may use Count Lav-
ender on mi/ heifers with every confidence.'
The result at Bapton has most completely
borne out the old man's opinion." As seen by
the writer at the Warwick Royal of 1892, Count
Lavender was a bull of superior finish and
quality, evenly covered with melhnv flesh and
standing near to the ground. We thought he
lacked somewhat, however, in real substance.
Another good bull used in the Willis herd was
Roan Robin (57992), obtained from Mr. Duthie
in exchange, we believe, for Scottish Archer.
He was sired by Cumberland out of Glowworm
by Roan Gauntlet.

• Earl of Miirch was a roan, bivnl by Bnico of nurnsklo, from Fn-dorlck
Pltz WiiidBiir CUlwn o\it of Fanny {t\w dam of I'otta' Imp. I>uko of Rloh-
moiKl) l>y Royal Krrant.

4

776 A HISTORY OF SHORT-HORN CATTLE.

Mr. Willis has enjoyed an extensive patron-
age, and a yearling bull of his breeding, Bapton
Emperor, bought after winning at the Royal
by Mr. Marr, was recently resold for export to
South America for £800.

Argentine and the shambles. — The project
of shipping to South America was not entirely
abandoned. In addition to the stock bulls
Commodore and Gondomar there were sent out
to Argentine in the early autumn of 1889 the
following cows: Juniper, Gilliver (dam of Gon-
dolier and Master of ^he Realm), Golden Au-
tumn (dam of Craven Knight), Glowworm,
Godiva (dam of Gondomar), Genista, Golden
Pippin, Godetia, Grapevine, Gladys, Victorias
74th, 77th and 78th, Candytuft, Corncockle,
Cardauiine, Crowfoot, Coltsfoot, Ceres, Christo-
bel, Cynthia, Chi'istmas Carol, Cordelia, Canter-
bury Bell, Orange Blossom 30th, Barmpton
Lily, Lady of the Forest and Nonpareil 20th.
This included quite a group of Brawith Buds
and Clippers.

The following were sent to the butcher: Gay-
flower, Sunflower, Catherine, Cyclamen, Con-
stance, the famous Custard, then in her four-
teenth year; Capsicum, Cloud Wreath, Cinna-
mon, Lavenders 37th and 49th and Sea Pink.

Summary of Slttyton sales. — During a pe-
riod of thirty-five years, extending from 1842
to 1876, inclusive, there were sold for breeding

CLOSING EVENTS OF THE CENTURY. 777

purposes from Sittyton 1,030 bulls at an aver-
age of £36 12s. 9d. and 321 cows and heifers at
an average of £32 14s. 9d.— a total of 1,351 ani-
mals for £48,247, an average of £35 14s. From
1877 to 1889 practically the entire surplus of
young bulls was sold to the United States and
Canada after the wants of a few regular custo-
mers had been supplied. The surplus heifers
were mostly exported during these same sea-
sons. A close estimate of total sales made from
the herd for breeding purposes for the forty-
seven years ended in 1889 includes 1,912 ani-
males for which there was received something
over £68,000.='=

•The author had the pleasure of vlsltlnp Amos Crulckshank at his
home at Sitlyton in June, 1892, in company with Mr. Duthle and Col. W. A.
Harris. Although then an octog-enarian Mr. Cruickshanks mlnU was still
unclouded and he readily answered all questions put to him concerning his
life work. He was often asked not only directly but In a roundabout way
which of his families he looked upon with most favor, but no one could
ever g-et him to make any definite statement on tlie subject. He pointed out
that many of them were, through the sires he had largely used, closely al-
lied, and one could gather from his talk that in liis selection of stock bulls
he was influenced much by the qu.illficatlons of the dam and grandams, his
judgment of their merits being based uiton a high standanl of excellence in
the matters of con.stltutlon, quality, milk and flesh. He was using at the
time the herd was sold two bulls of the Clipper and two of the Pure Gold
families, while he had retained for .service a yearling bull of the Premium
or Crocus sort. His death oocv.rred at Sittyton May 18S>5.

Mr. Bruco relates the following incident which occurred during the
closing years of the old man's life, illustrating the esteem in which he was
held in the highest circles:

"On one of the days of the Highland Show at Aberdeen in July. 19W, .a
homely little ciM-emoiiy took place which excited more than ordlnarj- in-
terest. Prom tlie Royal oox in the grand stand his Royal Highness the
Duke of York, President of the Society for the year, was wltni>».'»ing the
parade of the live stock. Some one mentioned to his Royal Hlghmss that
not far away on the stand a seat was occupied by that prince of c.ittle.
breeders, Amos Crnicksliaiik. Sittyton. At once his Royal Highness de.
Hired that Mr. Crulckshank bo summoned to the Royal Ixix. The octo.
(reuarlan farmer and breeder, presenting a charaoterltUo figure with Ma

778 A HISTORY OF SHORT-HORN CATTLE.

Moberley and Young Abbottsburn. — In Sep-
tember, 1890, Col. Thomas S. Moberley of For-
est Grove Farm, Richmond, Ky., began a series
of show-yard campaigns, made memorable by
the exhibition of the massive Cruickshank bull
Young Abbottsburn 110679. Col. Moberley had
for some years been prominent as a breeder
and fitter of Bates and Bates-crossed stock, and
his great coiq) of 1890 came as a complete sur-
prise to the Short-horn breediug interests of
the States. Imp. Cupbearer, at that time
owned by Williams & Householder, Columbus,
Kan., was the reigning king of Western show-
yards. Moberley determined that if there
was a bull in North America capable of coping
with Cupbearer he would find him and place
him at the head of his Forest Grove show stock.
Like all others who at that period sought show

quiet attire, long white locks, and strong modest face, obeyed the Royal
command, and was recei%-ed most cordially by his Royal Highness. This
incident, simple and interesting in itself, gave unbounded pleasure to the
crowd of onlookers, who applauded warmly as the venerable breeder was
seen to make his way back from the presence of Royalty. It was a singu-
larly happy occurrence that meeting of the youthful Prince and the patri-
archal farmer— one of many similarly happy incidents which illumine and
distinguish the movements of the Royal family, demonstrating their ever
anxious desire to recognize and duly honor noble achievement in what-
ever walk of life it may be observed.

" Amos Cruickshank was then in his eighty-sixth year. Although
bowed down with the weight of years, he was not unnaturally anxious
again to witness the Highland Show— anxious in particular that he might
see the Royal Duke who had honored Scotch agricultvirists by becoming
the President of their National Agricultural Society and arranging to visit
its show in the Granite City. Happily Mr. Cruickshank's desire was ful-
filled, and by the incident just mentioned an honor was added which he
had not dreamt of, but which deeply gratified him. Talking over the
honor done him, he said to me : ' I feel gratified, deeply gratified, but ha'l
I known what was before me I could never have left Sittyton.' "

CLOSING EVENTS OP^ THE CENTURY. , u9

bulls of the heaviest caliber, he found himself
compelled to turn to the Aberdeenshire type.
Visiting Canada he found the object of his
quest — a five-year-old roan, bred and owned by
Messrs. Watt.

We have already related that in 1874 the late
Joseph Thomson of Whitby, Ontario, imported
the roan Cruickshank heifer Village Bud, by
Scotland's Pride. She was the best female in
the Thomson sale and was bought by Messrs.
Watt of Salem, Ontario, for 3925. She was in
calf at the time to the roan bull Ben Wyvis
(30528), bred at Sittyton from Ca.\sar Augustus
and Butterfly's Joy of the Towneley line. The
resulting calf was the dark-roan heifer Village
Blossom; that grew into an exceptionally thick,
short-legged, heavy cow that won first prizes
in her class at the leading Canadian shows, be-
sides being a member of a herd that won first
place wherever exhiliited. This prize cow was
bred to Abbottsburn 106090, a roan, imported
in 1883 by James I. Davidson, sired by Roan
Gauntlet out of Amaranth by Barmpton. To
this service Village Blossom produced March 2,
1885, the roan bull calf Young Abbottsburn,
which at seven months old was sold to Mr.
Alex. Norrie of Paisley, Ontario.'^ in whose pos-

•Mr. Norrie Is at present herd uianafrer for Messrs. Dustln, Summer
Hill, 111., and seU'cttnl for ihoui In Sootlaml In ISUS the prize bull Merry
Hampton, jiossi'sslnfr sometlilutr of tlie aaiin- tlilekness and feedlnp Quality
of the graud old bull which he developed iu Canada.

780 A HISTORY OF SHORT-HORN CATTLE.

session he remained for four years. He was
shown locally as a yearling and two-year-old;
but during all the years that the bull was in
Norrie's possession the Messrs. Watt had not
seen him, although some extraordinary state-
ments as to his character reached their ears.
At Norrie's sale in 1889 Mr. Watt bought him
back, "because," he says, "on seeing Young
Abbottsburn I had to admit that the half had
not been told concerning him." He resembled
his sire, Abbottsburn, in a general way, but
was heavier. Mr. Watt states that as a calf
Young Abbottsburn was not very well cared
for. He had run with his mother all through
the summer months, and up to the time he was
sold had received no grain and was not re-
garded as an extraordinary calf. Norrie bought
him at $200, and to him credit must be given
for developing probably the greatest carcass
ever seen in the show-yards of North America.
He was used as a stock bull by Mr. Norrie, and
served other cows in the neighborhood, siring
some useful cattle, which, as a rule, bred better
than themselves. At the time the bull was
bought back from Mr. Norrie he weighed nearly
2,600 lbs. He had been kept in a box-stall with
free access to a yard of moderate size where he
could take exercise at will; the door of his box
being seldom closed in summer or winter. His
principal feed had been roots and hay with the

CLOSING EVENTS OF THE CENT CRY. 781

addition of a little grain, but he was a remark-
ably easy feeder and a perfect picture of con-
tentment always.

Moberley was a shrewd enough judge of good
Short-horns to realize that he had discovered
in this bull a most extraordinary animal, and
closed a trade for his transfer to the States. It
was at the Detroit Exposition, held the first
week in September, 1890, that Young Abbotts-
burn made his debut on this side of the line.
He did not arrive in time to compete in the
bull class,* but Colonel Moberley was allowed to
place him at the head of his cattle in the herd
competition. Notwithstanding the novelty of
a " braw " Scotch rent-payer leading the high-
bred daughters of noble Dukes, there was no
escape from the decision which sent first prize
to the Forest Grove lot as thus lined up. At
this show Moberley was either unable or un-
willing to give out information as to the bull's
name or breeding, claiming to have left the
pedigree at home. He was thereupon dubbed
by the ring-side talent ''the great unknown,"

•Messrs. Sanger of Wisconsin were first In agred bulls at this Exposi-
tion with Prince Victoria of Hickory Park ".t4481, a thick-fleshed bull of trreat
substance, slrcil by Earl of Ulchmoud out of Victoria aoth by Royal Duke of
Pleasant Kidge .S6839; thus blendlut' the blood of imp. Duke of Richmond
with that of the Milne and Lowuian & Smith Victorias already mentioned aa
being among the best Scolch cattle ever seen In America. This Sanger bull
sired among other good things H. F. Hrowna champion show bull Victor of
Brownilale lUtHl. out of tlie grand heifer Victoria of Glenwood 8th. which
In the hands of Messrs. San^'er and Rrown was for several seasons the
"crack" female of the breed In the West. She was a wonderfully thick,
neat, low-legged rinl. familiarly known as "the whlte-legffed heifer." in
allusion to her color markings.

782 A HISTORY OF SHORT-HORIS CATTLE.

which sobriquet clung to him long after his
identity was revealed. The news of his appear-
ance and of his overpowering flesh and sub-
stance traveled far and fast. Cupbearer at the
Ohio State Fair was renewing his triumphs of
previous j^ears, and before the first meeting of
the two North Country champions occurred at
the Illinois State Fair at Peoria interest in the
impending duel had become intense. Probably
no event in American show-yard history aroused
more intense excitement than attended this
memorable meeting*. The following review^ of
this rencontre from notes made by the author at
the time was published in the Breeder'' s Gazette
for Oct. 8, ISDO :

" I have read so much about Cupbearer in The Gazette for the
past two or three years, and was so interested in your account of

* The judges upon this occasion were Messrs. Thomas Clark, Beecher,
111., one of America's best breeders and most successful exhibitors of
Herefords: and Robert B. Ogilvie, late of Madison. Wis. Mr. Opilvie, while
devoted to mercantile pursuits, has been a life-long' admirer of the im-
proved breeds of live-stock, and for a quarter of a century has enjoyed the
acquaintance of practically all of the leading- breeders and exhibitors of
the United States and Canada. He acquired international reputation as a
breeder of Clydesdales at Blairgowrie Farm; his exhibits of draft horses
of that type, with the famous McQueen at the head, constituting one of
the chief attractions of the Clydesdale shows of their time. Fond of a
good Short-horn, a recognized judge of sheep and a close student of every-
thing pertaining to stock-breeding interests, Mr. Ogilvie possessed a wide
and varied range of information bearing upon all the leading types of do-
mestic animals.

Cupbearer in his old age became the property of Milton E. Jones of
Cherry Grove Farm, Williamsville, 111., in whose hands he died several
years since. It cannot be said that he ever had a thorough test as a breed-
ing bull, as he was passed around from one herd to another and kept in
show condition for so many years that he never had full opportunity of
demonstrating what he might be worth for stock purposes. In the hands
of William Miller at Storm Lake, he got one of the best Scotch cows ever
owned in the West— the beautiful roan Gwendoline 2d, sold to Col Mober-
ley and afterward bought by Messrs. Mitchel.

CLOSING EVENTS OF THE CENTURY. 783

Col. Moberley's new bull, that I thought I would come to Peoria
and see the fun." Such was the explanation of their unaccus-
tomed presence at an Illinois State Fair made to the writer by
something less than a thousand cattle-growers from different
States who have not been in the habit of attending the big shows.
The leading professional breeders were there as a matter of
course. Indeed everybody and his neighbor seemed to be present
when the ring for aged bulls was called, and those who could not
arrive in time telegraphed freely their regrets. The excitement
was at fever heat. It was indeed to be a "battle royal," and it
can be truthfully asserted that the enthusiasm engendered by this
meeting of the two greatest show bulls of recent years in the
West has kindled an interest in the breeding and exhibition of
good Short-horns, and spurred the flagging energies of prominent
showmen in a manner quite unknown since the days of Col. King's
triumphal tour, which culminated so many years ago under that
famous canvas at St. Louis.

Cupbearer— son of the great Rob Roy, sire of the rising English
champion Challenge Cup, and victor in half a hundred fields— was
first in position. "He can't be beaten" was the emphatic pro.
nouncement as the superbly-poised and admirably-finished form
of Mr. Householder's famous bull was fairly settled to receive the
shock of show-yard assault ; and while the crowed feasted their
eyes upon his noble outline Messrs. Henn and WUhoit entered the
lists with Phenomenon and Goldstick— both reds, both wearers of
championship honors, both in good form, but both unequal to the
task of closing with such "sluggers" as confronted them upon
this occasion. "One story's good till another's told." One fa-
vorite receives our plaudits till another comes upon the scene.
Cupbearer's triumph was complete till Young Abbottsburn was
drawn into the yard. From the moment the mighty roan entered
the ring the champion of 1SS8 and 1SS9 was on the defensive. The
hero of Detroit, Columbus and Indianapolis, with his world of
flesh and substance, seemed to fill the entire arena. By compari-
son Phenomenon (heavy as he is) seemed to shrink into a pigmy;
Goldstick's "bit fault" (standing a trifle away from the ground)
grew into something which it is not, and Cupbearer himself began
to lose perceptibly in breadth of beam. An attack is apt to bo
more confidently undertaken than a defense. Moberley had given
instructions to his herdsmen to await the entrance of the king and
challenge him on whatever ground he might select, and the ueatx?r
this spot was reached the more apparent became the fact that a
new idol was about to be set up. True the showy Duthie bull had

784 A HISTORY OF SHORT-HORN CATTLE.

defenders to the last, but when the crown was finally sent to his
thicker, meatier adversary the triumph of Amos Cruickshank's
real old work-a-day type was quite complete. One bystander gave
exaggerated expression to a feeling that possessed a majority of
the breeders present by saying: "Cupbearer is the dude, Young
Abbottsburn the solid farmer "'—one way of saying that the latter
is of a more eminently useful feeder's type. Cupbearer has been
an almost certain winner by reason of his matchless smoothness,
marvelously-spread loin, level quarters, refined conformation and
gay carriage. Young Abbottsburn crushes all before him by an
incomparable wealth of flesh, in addition to which his head is
more trulj' masculine, his crops are better covered and his lower
lines are fuller than those of his chief antagonist. He is a 2,800-lb.
bull, standing (at the brisket) but fourteen inches from the
ground, with a rich roan coat and a good mellow hide, full of that
golden coloring matter that indicates the easy keeper and great
"doer." He is low, wide, compact and smoothly laden with
flesh of good quality from horns to hocks. He has a good, broad
head and horns of the right sort, a mild, placid eye, and one of
those quiet, even temperaments that tell of a disposition favorable
to the putting on of meat. There is some little show of unevenness
over the blades, but not so much of a roll as Cupbearer sports.
Ho does not finish out behiod the hooks quite so perfectly as the
other, but is yet a grand-quartered bull and thicker in his rounds.
"The king is dead; long live the king."

Young Abbottsburn cost in Canada $425!
Whatever of lingering doubt in relation to
the feeding and flesh-carrying capacity of the
Cruickshank cattle may have existed prior to
this date was dispelled once for all by the ex-
hibition of this wonderful bull at the American
shows from 1890 to 1893. From the day of his
tirst appearance at Detroit until crowned with
the championship of the World's Columbian
Exposition there were none to challenge his
complete supremacy. Open to criticism, per-
haps, upon the score of some lack of character,

CLOSING EVENTS OF THE CENTURY. 785

Young Abbottsburn was such a feed-lot model
that he fairly carried the corn-belt by storm.
He was universally recognized by practical
men as the sort of a beast that would convert
grain and grass into prime heavy beef on short
notice. Notwithstanding the efforts of his
owner and his new trainer (Mr. Forbes), he
did not stop putting on pounds avoirdupois
until his log-like carcass pulled down the scales
at over 2,800 lbs. Such weight without height
has probably never been seen in any other
animal of any breed on this continent. It was
scarcely to be expected that such a ponderous,
short-legged show bull would prove particu-
larly active or useful as a stock-getter, and un-
fortunately his legacy to the breed, aside from
his show-yard triumphs, was not large.

Mary Abbottsburn 7th. — Basking in the sun-
shine of the popularity of Young Abbottsburn,
Col. Moberley's views of breeding rapidly ex-
panded. He no longer subscribed to the doc-
trine that all excellence within the breed was
necessarily circumscribed by the comparatively
narrow circle that had Kirklevington for its
center. In response to a query propounded
just after his purchase of the great Scotch bull
as to what he proposed to do with a beast of
that breeding, he replied: " Fsc liini a little
and s/ioir him ' right smart.' " He did more
than this. He used him "right smart" besides

786 A HISTORY OF SHORT-HOUN CATTLE.

crushing all competition at the shows. The
percentage of cows got in calf was, however,
not large, so that the bull's progeny at Forest
Grove were not so numerous as Col. Moberley
would have wished. Had the bull never sired
anything else, however, than Mary Abbottsburn
7th his fame would have been secure for all
time. We have already noted the great success
attending the use of Scotch bulls upon cows of
the Young Mary tribe in the hands of Messrs.
Potts, Wilhoit and Harris; a success which was
repeated by many of their contemporaries. It
remained for Col. Moberley and Young Abbotts-
burn, however, to cap the climax, so far as this
particular cross is concerned, by giving to the
breed the champion show cow just mentioned.
Her dam was the red Forest Belle 6th, bred by
Col. Moberley from the Renick Rose of Sharon
bull Minnie's Duke of Sycamore 57120 out of
Sparsewood Mary 3d, bred by Tracy Bros., Win-
chester, Ky., from Cambridge Rose Duke 2d
22295 (also of Mr. Renick's favorite tribe) and
sired by the 4th Duke of Geneva. She fed
kindly from the start, and, as a buxom heifer
of rare promise, was bought by Aaron Barber,
York State's enthusiastic admirer of good Short-
horns, at the round price, for those times, of
$1,000 — after winning the yearling heifer cham-
pionship over all breeds at the Illinois State
Fair of 1894. She matured into one of the no-

CLOSING EVENTS OF THE CENTURY. 787

blest cows of any breed known to the American
cattle trade. She had a hack like a billiard
table and her wide, deep ribs and long, level
quarters were wrapped in a w^ealth of flesh that
constantly recalled the carcass of her illustrious
sire. From IS1J4 to 1898, inclusive, Mary Ab-
bottsburn 7th, in the hands of Mr. Barber, was
the unrivaled queen of American Short-horn
cows.*

Col. Moberloy fortified his show herd further
by purchasing from Arthur Johnston of Canada
the roan Nonpareil Chief 113034, sired by imp.
Indian Chief out of the Kinellar-bred imp.
Nonpareil 36th. Not so massive as Young
Abbottsburn he was yet a bull of strong parts,
well covered with flesh of tine quality and pos-
sessing good Short-horn character. At the
Columbian Exposition Col. Moberloy had the
honor of winning hrst and third in the greatest
ring of aged bulls ever seen in America with
Young Abbottsburn and Nonpareil Chief re-
spectively.

Forest Grove sale.— During the summer of
1894 Col. Moberley was accidentally drowned
in the surf at Virginia Beach on the Atlantic
coast, an occurrence which brought sorrow to
tiie entire Short-horn breeding fraternity and

♦A colored llthopr;iph of Mary Abbottsburn Tth's ho.iii .imJ nock from .1
palutlii;,' by TTlUs was tho loadlnK^ pictorial fcaturt^ of the Christmas num.
bcr of the Urifdcr's (htzrttf for ISlf.". " Queen Mary." as sho was ofton callixl,
became during that year tfii> i>roperty of Mr. \V. A. Boland of New York
city, proprietor of a stock farm at Grass Lake, Mich.

/

788 A HISTORY OF SHORT-HORN CATTLE.

took from the ranks, while still in his prime,
one of the most enthusiastic friends of the
breed. He had only finished collecting by pur-
chase a valuable group of Scotch-bred cows
and heifers, including Princess Alice, Gwendo-
line 2d, 7th Linwood Golden Drop, imp. Daisy
of North Oaks, Orange Blossom 31st and imp.
Victoria 79th, and was preparing to engage ex-
tensively in intermingling the best Bates and
Cruickshank blood. Mary Abbottsburn 7th
furnished the inspiration, and while Col. Mo-
berley did not live to carry out his work he set
an example of broad-minded appreciation of
merit wherever found that should not be with-
out its lesson. His herd was sold at execu-
tor's sale at Richmond in October, 1895, while
the country was still prostrated from the un-
paralleled financial panic of 1893 ; hence the
prices paid, as has been the case in so many
similar instances, were by no means commen-
surate with the value of the cattle. The high-
est figure was $500, given l^y T. R. Westrope &
Son, of Harlan, la., for a Young Abbottsburn
bull called The Corker. The old hero him-
self, nine years old and with little prospect
of further usefulness, was bought by Messrs.
Wallace of Bunceton, Mo., at |475. The hand-
some Linwood Golden Drop 7th went to West-
ropes at $355. Cupbearer's daughter Gwendo-
line 2d, one of the best Scotch cows of that

CLOSING EVENTS OF THE CENTURY. 789

time in America, topped the females at $400,
at which price she went to Messrs. Mitchel,
Dan vers, 111., who also took the aging Princess
Alice at $300. The old Field Marshal cow's
roan heifer Alice of Forest Grove, sired at Lin-
wood by Galahad, was allowed to go to Texas
at $220. Sixty-nine head sold for the shocking
average of but $131.60, a fact which furnished
ample proof of the wretched state of the Short-
horn trade at that time; reflecting the wide-
spread commercial and industrial depression.
It is needless to say that those who had the
courage to buy profited largely by their invest-
ments at this sale. There is a moral to be
drawn from this and similar events recorded in
this volume. It is this : Cattle-breeding, like
all other avocations, has its ups and downs, its
bright periods of prosperity and its dark days
of adversity ; but those who are so situated
that they can take advantage of nominal prices
whenever they prevail never fail to reap a rich
reward, and usually within a very short space
of time.

Woodburn dispersion.— In 1891 Mr. A. J.
Alexander, who had succeeded to the ownership
and management of his brother's magnificent
estate at Woodburn, deemed it advisable to con-
clude the Short-horn breeding operations that
had heen for some forty years carried on upon
the farm with such siiifual advantuij^e to Ameri-

790 A HISTORY OF SHORT-HORN CATTLE.

can cattle-breeding interests. The Woodburn
management had been giving rather more at-
tention to horse-breeding than to Short-horns
for some time preceeding the closing-out sale,
and the persistent pursuit of a policy of line
breeding within the Bates tribes had not re-
sulted in improving the individual quality of
the cattle. The faithful and efficient herds-
man, Mr. Richardson, nevertheless succeeded
in producing some beautiful specimens of the
breed. Perhaps the best of all the later home-
bred Duchess bulls placed in service was the
26th Duke of Airdrie 34973, a roan of good
substance and fine character. During the years
immediately preceding the dispersion sale there
had been used the imported balls 2d Duke of
Whittlebury 62574 and Oxford Duke of Calth-
waite 3d (56261), the latter a roan of good
flesh and substance that left some excellent
stock. There had also been used the red-roan
51st Duke of Oxford 38531, a son of the famous
Bow Park bull 4th Duke of Clarence. In com-
mon with all other admirers of the Bates tribes
of that time in the West the Woodburn man-
agement had a very high appreciation of the
4th Duke of Clarence blood and a second cross
of it was introduced into the herd through the
medium of Oxford Grand Duke 2d 88329, sired
by imp. 2d Duke of Whittlebury out of the fine
4th Duke cow Grand Duchess of Oxford 52d.

CLOSING EVENTS OF THE CENTURY. 791

The dispersion occurred at Dexter Park. Chi-
cago Union Stock- Yards, June 11, 1891; twenty-
six head of Airdrie Dukes and Duchesses sell-
ing for $10,920— an average of $420 each. The
cattle were widely scattered; the leading buy-
ers of Duchesses being Messrs. Brown and Smith
of Sangamon Co., 111. The top price was $820,
paid by D. A. Curtis, Addison, Mich., for 50th
Duke of Airdrie. The highest price for a Duch-
ess female was $780, given by Messrs. L. W.
Brown & Son. Five Oxfords sold for an aver-
age of $356. The stock bull Oxford Grand Duke
2d was bought by Coles & Hatch, Spring Grove,
III, at $500. Imp. Oxford Duke of Calthwaite
3d went to Elbert & Fall, Albia, la., at $450.
Thirteen head of Thorndale Roses, descended
from the importation of 1882, sold for an aver-
age of $193. Nine Wild Eyes went for an aver-
age of $162.20. Eighteen Barringtons were
closed out at an average of $141.65. The entire
lot, consisting of seventy-one head, fetched
$18,220 -a general average of $256.

Columbian Exposition awards. — The exliibit
of Shoi't-horns at the Chicago World's Fair of
1893 was beyond question the best and larg-
est of which there is record in the liistory of
American show-yard. The trying task of
awarding prizes was assigned to Hon. J. H.
Picki-ell, II. C. Duncan and John T. (lii)son, and
in view of the ptM inanont interest tiiat must

792 A HISTORY OF SHORT-HORN CATTLE.

attach to this record-breaking competition the
prize list is herewith appended:

Aged bulls— First to Col. T. S. Moberley's Young Abbotts-
burn 110679; second to J. G. Robbius & Sons' Gay Monarch 92411;
third to Col. T. S. Moberley's Nonpareil Chief 1130»4 ; fourth to
H. F. Brown's Earl Fame 8th 10T695; fifth to J. H. Potts & Son's
Thistlewood 95417; sixth to H. F. Brown's Golden Rule 98268.*

Two-year-old bulls— First to L. W. Brown & Sons' Young
Marshal 110705 ; second to J. H. Potts & Son's Chancellor 106791 ;
third to W. C. Edwards' imp. Knight of St. John; fourth to H. F.
Brown's Imperial Prince 108359; fifth to B. O. Cowan's Lord
Waterloo 112746; sixth to W. G. Sanders' Elgin Chief.

Yearling bulls— First to J. & W. Russell's white Lord Stan-
ley; second to H. F. Brown's Fifer 111994; third and fourth to
Messrs. Nicholson's Valasco 21st and Norseman; fifth to J. H.
Potts & Son's Lavender King 4th; sixth to Green Bros.' Royal
Consul 2d.

BuU calves— First to H. F. Brown's Victor of Browndale
117621; second to "W. B. Cockburn's Indian Warrior; third to B.
O. Cowan's Plato; fourth to L. W. Brown & Son's Golddust;
fifth to H. F. Brown's Lord Wild Eyes; sixth to Messrs. Russell's
Prince of Kinellar.

Aged cows— First to J. G. Robbins & Sons' Gay Mary; second
to H. F. Brown's Elvira of Browndale 3d ; third to H. F. Brown's
Victoria of Glenwood 8th ; fourth to Col. T. S. Moberley's Forest
Belle 15th ; fifth to Potts & Son's Emma 11th ; sixth to O. W.
Fisher's Lovely Pride.

Two-year-old heifers — First to Col. T. S. Moberley's Gem of
Hickory Park 3d; second to Messrs. Russell's Centennial Isabella
25th ; third to J. H. Potts & Son's Surprise of Oakland 3d ; fourth
to J. G. Robbins & Sons' Nora Davis; fifth to H. F. Brown's Red

* Golden Rule was a red of superb handling quality, bred by the late
Robert Miller of West Liberty, la., from Imp. Goldstick 86748 and imp.
Lovely 43d. He was dropped the property of C. B. Dustin, Summer Hill ,
111., and after doing- service in the Dustin herd for several seasons was sold
to Mr. H. F. Brown of Browndale Farm, Minneapolis, Minn., whose show
herds under the capable training' of Robert Evvart for many years consti-
tuted a leading feature of the Short-horn exhibits on the Western circuit.
Few herds have a longer list of first and championship prizes to their
credit than Browndale, and as appears from this list of Columbian awards,
Mr. Brown received some of the highest honors at the greatest Short-horn
show this country has ever seen.

V.

'/

»-H

ta

'/,

>:

o

;\.

a

n

o

^

^

5

w

;5

r

■2"

<!

*

•—'

>

W

>)

>

63

o

5

^

§

td

'^

w

5

c

.^

>

^

■>

^

5.

0

J'-'

>

?^

r

H

CLOSING EVENTS OF THE CENTURY. 793

Empress; sixth to H. F. Brown's Oxford Duchess of Brown-
dale 2d.

Yearling heifers — First to B. O. Cowan's Dora 6th ; second to
H. F. Brown's Spicey of Browndale 2d; third to J. H. Potts &
Son's Surprise of Oakland 4th; fourth to T. W. Hunt's Beautiful
Belle ; fifth to Messrs. Nicholson's 21st Maid of Sylvan ; sixth to
B. O. Cowan's Phyllisia 25th.

Heifer calves— First to Messrs. Russell's Centennial Isabella
30th; second to W. C. Edward's Lady Fame; third to J. G. Rob-
bins & Sons' Nancy Hanks ; fourth to H. F. Brown's Rosemary
of Browndale ; fifth to J. D. Vamer's Claribelle ; sixth to Messrs.
Russell's Ruby Princess.

Championships— Bull of any age, Moberley's Young Abbotts-
burn. Cow of any age, Robbins' Gay Mary.

Herd— First to H. F. Brown; second to T. S. Moberley; third
to Robbins & Sons ; fourth to Potts & Son ; fifth to T. S. Mober-
ley; sixth to H. F. Brown.

Young herds— First to Messrs. Russell; second to B. O. Cow-
an ; third to H. F. Brown ; fourth to Potts & Sons ; fifth to Messrs.
Nicholson ; sixth to Moberley.

Four animals, either sex, under four years old, the get of one
sire— First to Messrs. Russell on progeny of Cruickshank bull
Stanley ;• second to Potts & Son on progeny of imp. King of Aber-
deen ; third to Col. T. S. Moberley on heifers sired by the Bates-
bred Thorndale Rose Duke 95425 ; fourth to Messrs. Robbins on
get of Gay Monarch ; fifth to Messrs. Nicholson on get of Nonpa-
reil Chief ; sixth to Green Bros, on get of Royal Briton.

Two animals, either sex, the produce of one cow — First to H.
F. Brown's Elviras of Browndale 3d and 4th ; second to Messrs.
Potts' Surprises of Oakland 3d and 4th ; third to Messrs. Russell's
Prince Royal and cow Queen Mary; fourth to Messrs. Robbins'
Nora Davis and Nancy Hanks ; fifth to T. W. Hunt's Beautiful
Belle and Silver Flower ; sixth to T. S. Moberley on progeny of
Forest Belle 6th.

A series of championship competitions, open to all beef breeds,
was arranged by the management, and in this the reputation of
the Short-horn was well sustained against all comers. Prizes
were awarded by a committee consisting of J. G. Imboden, De-
catur, 111., William Stocking, Rochelle, 111., and J. C. Snell of Can-
ada. In the herd competition Messrs. J. G. Robbins & Sons carried
first prize with the Marr-bred Aloxandrina bull Gay Monarch,
the cow Gay Mary, two-j'ear-old Nora Davis, the yearling heifer
Lady Verbena and heifer calf Nauc.v Hanks. The second and

«e,

794 A HISTORY OF SHORT-HORN CATTLE..

third prizes in this competition were won by Here fords, and the
fourth and fifth by Short-horns owned respectively by Messrs.
Moberley and Brown. The young herd prize was also won by
Short-horns, consisting of the Canadian lot shown by Messrs.
Russell, headed by the white yearling Lord Stanley. Col. Mober-
ley's Young Abbottsburn was adjudged best aged bull of any
reed on exposition, with Mr. Clough's Hereford Ancient Briton
second and Robbins' Gay Monarch* third. Russell's yearling Lord
Stanley carried the yearling bull championship, and in bull calves
Mr. Cockburn, also of Canada, won with Indian Warrior, sired by
Arthur Johnston's imp. Sittyton Victoria bull Indian Chief. The
heifer calf championship was won by Mr. Russell of Canada, with
Centennial Isabella 30th.

The 11,000 special championship prize for best ten head of cat-
tle of any breed bred by the exhibitor was awarded to Mr. H. F.
Brown by a committee consisting of Wallace Estill, Richard Gib-
son and H. H. Clough. J. H. Potts & Son received second in this
competition, Mr. Van Natta third with Herefords and Messrs.
Moberley and Robbins fourth and fifth with Short-horns.

Recent importations. — The close of the cen-
tury finds the Scotch blood the prevailing
fashionable element on both sides of the water.
Sires of North-country breeding are in ser-
vice in most of the leading collections of the
breed in the United States and Canada. Eng-
lish sentiment is still somewhat divided upon
the subject of the Scotch cross, but under the
leadership of Messrs. Deane Willis — whose win-
nings at the great English shows of recent
years with stock of Aberdeenshire descent have

* Gay Monarch was a roan, sired by William of Orange out of an Atha-
basca dam, and was for several seasons one of the star attractions of the
Short-horn exhibit at Western shows. He not only carried many first and
championship prizes, but in the Robbins herd sired show cattle of out-
standing- merit. He was a smooth, deep-fleshed bull, possessing more
character than Young Abbottsburu, and must be ranked with the Duke of
Richmond and Baron Victor as one of the most valuable breeding animals
of the Scotch type ever used in the West. He died the property of Messrs.
Bobbins in 1899.

CHAMPION SHOW BULL ST. VALENTINE 121014.

Bred by Guardhouse Jt Son, of Coiioda. Shovm by.T. G. Rohhins it
Sons, Horace, Iiid., and by Geo. E. Ward, Haivarden, lovja.

IMP. BARON CRUICKSHANK 106297.

Bred by Wnt. Duthie, Collynie, and imported by C. B. Dustin &■ Son,
Summer Hill, III.

CLOSING EVENTS OF THE CENTURY. 795

attracted universal attention — and P. L. Mills
the North-country blood has now strong foot-
ing south of the River Tweed.

For several years after the conclusion of Mr.
Luther Adams' importing operations trade con-
ditions in America were such as did not afford
much encouragement for the purchase of Short-
horns in Great Britain for shipment to America,
but the renewed interest manifested in cattle
breeding during the past few years has led to
a revival of importations. Without under-
taking to supply details as to these contem-
porary business transactions, attention may he
called to the importation in 1891, personally
selected in Scotland by Mr. C. 13. Dustiu for ac-
count of himself and Mr. J. F. Prather. This
importation was chiefly notable as including
the splendid sire Baron Cruickshank 106297,
bred by Mr. Duthie from CoUingwood 10G881,
and the Mysie cow Maria 10th. by Field Marshal.
This bull was used jointly for a time by Messrs.
Dustin and Prather, but latterl}" was the sole
property of the proprietor of Hill Farm. He
was a richly-fleshed, robust roan, and left much
good stock. Mr. Prather's imp. Duke of Hamil-
ton 2d 1()73()8. of this same importation and
also of Mr. Duthie's breeding, a mellow-hand-
ling red, also left a valuable progeny at Village
Park. Mr. Dnstin has recently added to the
wealth of Western Short-horn herds by the

796 A HISTORY OF SHORT-HORN CATTLE.

purchase and importation of the capital young
bull Merry Hamilton 132572, a winner as a
yearling at the Highland show of 1898, and
bred at Collynie from the Missie cow Mada-
moiselle 6th by Field Marshal. This bull was
landed in Illinois at a cost of $2,000.

One of the most valuable of recent importa-
tions was that personally selected in Great
Britain by Mr. I. M. Forbes, Henry, HI., in the
summer of 1898. It included about a dozen
females from the herds of Messrs. Duthie, Marr
and their contemporaries, representing the
Missie, Princess Ro3'^al and other standard Aber-
deenshire tribes. Along with this importation
came the bulls Star of the Xorth 132076 and
Fairhaven 131977. The former, of the Sittyton
Clipper family, was bought from the herd of
Her Majesty the Queen of England. Fairhaven
was sold at the Forbes sale of Oct. 11, 1899,
to Benjamin Whitsitt, Pre-Emption, 111., for
$1,000.*

* At this same sale Mr. J. F. Prather. Willlamsvllle. 111., took the hand-
some home-bred cow Golden Venus at $850 and the imp. heifer Rosemary
201st at $825. John M. Blotz, Dodgeville, Wis., bought imp. Gwendoline at
$801. The thirty-nine females offered averaged $295.50, the genci-al averag-e
on fifty head being- $298. This sale was held to close a partnership that
had existed for some time between Messrs. I. M. and Caleb Forbes under
the name of Forbes Bros., the dissolution being rendered necessary by the
death of Mr. Caleb Forbes. The partnership herd had been successtully
maintained at a high standard of individual excellence. The stock bull
Baron Gloster 101G57, that was in service for a number of years, was one
of the thickest-fleshed Cruickshank bulls of his time in the United
States, an animal of compact conformation, rare quality and a most im-
pressive sire of short-legged, easy-keeping stock. Mr. I. M. Forbes, who
had at all times been the moving spirit tn the management, continued

CLOSING EVENTS OF THE CENTURY. 797

Importations from Scotland have also been
made in recent years by Messrs. Miller, Cargill,
Flatt* and others of Canada, and by Messrs.
Gerlaugh, Harding, Hanna, Wood, Robbins
and other prominent present-day breeders of
the States. Prices are rising again at home
and abroad. Five thousand dollars has been
refused for the Highland Society's prize bull
of 1899, Cornerstone, and even this figure seems
likely to be exceeded in the near future.

One of the notable show-yard triumphs of re-
cent years was the exhibition by Messrs. Rob-
bins of the Canadian-bred bull St. Valentine
121014, descending from the imported Booth-
topped cow Verbena, bred by John Outhwaite.
He was the champion bull of the West in 1897
and was sold along with some valuable fe-
males to George E. Ward, Ilawarden. la. In
1898 St. Valentine was champion at the Illinois
State Fair and headed Mr. Ward's first-prize
herd at same show, which included Monarch's

Short-horn breeding with a capital selection of Scotch and Scotch-topped
cows and heifers, includlnfr a majority of those comprising the Importa-
tion of 18'.t8; Star of the North beln? the chief stock bull In service.

Benjamin Whitsitfs father was one of the ploue«'r Shon-horn breeders
of Western lUlnoia. and the son has been at all times an efHcleut and per-
sistent advocate of the use of pure-bred bulls for the production of hlirh-
claaa steers. He feeds larg-ely for the Chicago market, has ha<l iu service
in his pure-bred hertl a succession of jrood Scotch sires, and Is recognized
as one of the most successful stockmen of his district.

♦At an auction sale held by Mr. W. D. Flati at Hamilton. Ont.. Dec. 30.
IS'JSt. at which Col. Fred M. Woods of Lincoln. Neb., presided as auc-
tioneer, about forty head of imported Scotch-bretl heifers and y.niiur hulls
were sold for an average of *477.:iO, the top price belnjr ftHXi. paid by P. S.
Lewis & Son. Point Pleasant. W. Va., for the roau bull calf Sir Wilfred
Laurler, by the Royal champion Maren^ro.

798 A HISTORY OF SHORT-HORN CATTLE.

Lady, by Gay Monarch, and St. Valentine's
daughters Selma and Lady Valentine/^

Herd-book consolidation.— One of the most
important events of the period under review
was the purchase in the autumn of 1882 by the
American Short-horn Breeders' Association of
the herd book, which had up to that date been
issued as a private enterprise by Lewis F. Allen,
Buffalo, N. Y. The price paid was $25,000.
More or less confusion in reference to Ameri-
can records had arisen from the fact that a
pedigree register, known as the American Short-
horn Record, had been established and pub-
lished for some years in Kentucky, and that a
similar book, known as the Ohio Short-horn
Record, was being issued by the breeders of the
Buckeye State. Both of these registers were
the manifestation of disapproval of the manner
in which Mr. Allen was conducting the herd
book which he had established in 1846. The
purchase and consolidation of these various
records by the National Breeders' Association
was the happy solution of a situation that was

*At the Trans-Mississippi Exposition at Omalia same year Mr. H. F.
Brown defeated St. Valentine-after a contest developing some bitterness
—with the Canadian-bred Nominee 1312G2, a roan lacking the wealth of
flesh shown by St. Valentine, but big, level and presented in fine bloom.
In 1S99 the Short-horn herd prize at the Illinois State Fair was won by Mr.
T. J. Woman. Mosby, Mo., with Viscount of Anoka 125081, bred by Messrs-
Harding of Waukesha, Wis.: among the females shown being Sultana (by
Gay Monarch) and Lady Valentine, seen in Mr. Ward's herd of 1898. Two
thick-fleshed, sappy heifer calves by St. Valentine were successfully
shown by Messrs. Bobbins at the fall fairs of 1899. one of which. Ruberta,
a Sittyton Buchess of Gloster, was champion calf of the circuit.

CLOSING EVENTS OF THE CENTURY. 71jl)

becoming fairly intolerable, and since 18S3 but
one book has been in existence. Hon. J. H.
Pickrell was one of the prime movers in this
project, and the first volume (XXIV) issued by
the National Association appeared under the
auspices of the following board of officers:
President, J. H. Pickrell; Vice-President, B. F.
Van meter; Treasurer, T. W. Harvey; Secretary,
L. P. Muir; Directors, C. C. Nourse of Iowa. S. F.
Lockridge of Indiana, C. A. DeGraff of Minne-
sota, W. A. Harris of Kansas, A. M. Bowman of
Virginia, Emory Cobb of Illinois, C. E. Leonard
of Missouri, L. B. Wing of Ohio, and John Hope
of Canada.

The office was first established in the city of
Chicago,' but was subsequently removed to
Springfield, 111., where it still remains. After
Mr. Pickrell relinquished his personal interests
in breeding stock he was chosen Secretary and
editor of the herd book to succeed Col. Muir,
which position he still retains, thus rounding
out in the service of the Short-horn breeders
of America a long and eminently useful career,
devoted to the promotion of the general inter-
ests of the breed. '^

* Canadian broedcrs orpranlzcxl the Dominion Short-horn Bivtxlors" As-
sociation soino years atro. ami under tlio Presidency of the Hon. John
Dryden befjan in 188(i the imblieatlou of the Dominion Herd Book, of which
Mr. Henry WjkIo of Toronto is still Secretary and editor.

In Great Britain the National ix-dlerree register for the breed la still
publiahiHl under the oriplnal name. "Coafes" Herd Book." althoiurh It has
for some years been owned and Issued by the Short-hom Sr>clety of the
United Klng-dom of Great Britain and Ireland, with offices at 13 H.onover
Square, Loudon.

CHAPTER XXIII.

A DUAL-PURPOSE BREED.

Since the days when the Renicks drove their
first well-bred bullocks from the Ohio Valley
over the mountains to the seaboard markets
the Short-horn has been a familiar figure in the
pastures, feed-lots, dairies and stock-yards of
the United States. When the mighty agricul-
tural empire of the Upper Mississippi Valley
came under the sway of the early settlers the
Short-horn was called to fill a place that he
seems destined to occupy for generations yet
to come. Throughout this broad realm of blue
grass and Indian corn the roan badge of Short-
horn birth has ever been a passport into the
favor of thoughtful farmers. In the develop-
ment of the great ranges of the farther West
the Short-horn bull was a pioneer in that won-
derful improvement that has at last driven the
Texas Long-horn from the plains and moun-
tains. On Australian "stations" and on the
estancias of Argentine the Short-horn bull has
led the line of progress toward greater weights
and neater carcasses. Others have since ap-
peared upon the scene to share with him the

(800)

^.■i^-ti^mmznzz^ ^

WILD OUEEN 2i) — Winner of first milkin-,'^ jirize.
London Dairy Show, 1898.

WHISKKKS- c"liaiiii>i('ii Amoriran Fat Stock Slicu, 1^"4.

A DUAL-PURPOSE BREED. 801

honor of the conquest over the "scrub" crea-
tion, as revealed by existing conditions in the
West, but the credit for the long years of sap-
ping and mining that made present successes
possible must be laid at the feet of the Short-
horn bull. Indeed, the story of the world-viide
wanderings of this bovine Ulysses supplies the
theme for an agricultural Odyssey.

Universal adaptability. — The lapse of years y
only serves to strengthen the position of the
Short-horn. A century of close contact with
the most exacting requirements of the farm
and feed-lot has only deepened the hold of the
"red, white and roans" upon the affections of
the agricultural world. The source of this
perennial popularity must be apparent even to
the most casual observer. The strength of the
Short-horn lies in its unrivaled range of adapt-
ability; in the facility with whicli it responds
to the varied demands of those who pursue a
system of diversified fanning — the rearing of
live stock as an essential feature in a well-
ordered scheme of mixed husbandry. The
Short-horn is distinctively and emphatically a
dual-purpose breed. The bull calves can be
turned into market-topping steers, and under
proper management the heifers develop marked
value for the dairy. The pure-bred Short-horn
bull as a first cross upon common or native
cows — especially if they be wanting in size — is

802 A HISTORY OF SHORT-HORN CATTLE..

a certain source of immediate improvement;
imparting scale, shapeliness and quality to his
progeny. The Short-horn grade heifer is the
foundation upon which bulls of other improved
breeds have builded some of their most signal
successes. In a lean or ^' store" condition the
Short-horn is still attractive by reason of his
level lines and general symmetry.

Feed-lot favorites. — Cattle-feeding as a lead-
ing industry in connection with American farm-
ing had its origin in Short-horn blood one hun-
dred 3^ears ago in the valley of the south branch
of the Potomac River in Virginia. Crossing the
Blue Ridge it became a source of wealth to the
Ohio Valley States, and the grazing and feed-
ing of Short-horn steers has followed as a mat-
ter of course the establishment of pure-bred
herds throughout the new^er West. In the fore-
going pages we have endeavored to afford a
general view of the character and breeding of
the pedigreed stock from whence farmers of
the corn-belt and contiguous territory have
drawm their supplies of Short-horn blood; but
space will not admit of extending our inquiry
to the gates of the myriad farms upon wiiich
this blood has been utilized as a machine for
the profitable conversion of grain and grass
into beef and milk.

While the leading breeders were engaged in
exhibiting, importing and selling high-class

A DUAL-PURPOSE BREED. 803

registered cattle, as detailed in preceding chap-
ters, shifting their allegiance from time to
time from one strain of blood to another, the
farmers of Great Britain, Canada and the
States were all the while taking the surplus
bulls and grading up the common cattle of
their respective countries. They found that
each crop of calves from a good bull was worth
enough more than a crop from a "scrub " or a
grade sire to more than pay the difference in
the first cost of the bull. Feeders stood ready
to take the steers as fast as they approached
maturity, and such farmers as had the fore-
sight to use the pure-bred bulls soon obtained
a reputation for the quality of their cattle that
insured them a handsome premium for their
surplus stock. In this way the producers and
consumers of beef profited enormously by the
enterprise of those who spent their money so
lavishly in the importation, breeding and ex-
hibition of choice specimens of the breed, as
noted in preceding pages.

"Prime Scots."— Perhaps the most notable
illustration of the value of the blood for prac-
tical feeding ])urposes developed by the history
of the breed in Britain is afforded by the evo-
lution of the so-called "•prime Scots" of the
English market. This particular brand of high-
priced beef represents the commingling of the
blood of the Shoii-horn with that of the black

804 A HISTORY OF SHORT-HORN CATTLrE.

polled races of Scotland. The North-of-Scot-
land farmers were free buj^ers of Short-horn
bulls from such herds as those of Ury, Eden,
Shethin and Sittyton. Indeed the surprising
statement is made that not less than 1,000 bulls
of their own breeding were sold by the Messrs.
Cruickshank during a period of forty-seven
years for crossing purposes! This necessarily
wrought a wonderful improvement in the char-
acter of the farm cattle of Aberdeenshire and
adjacent counties, and Robert Bruce has favored
us with the following interesting statement as
to how the cattle-growers of those districts pro-
ceeded with the work of producing the "prime
Scot":

Before the Short-horns found their way to the Northern
counties of Scotland the cattle there were nearly all black, a larpe
proportion of them being polled. Between 1830 and 1840 Short-
horns began to be freely used by the ordinary farmers with the
result that there was improvement in the size over the native
stock. Along with increased size the cross-bred animals had the
valuable quality of maturing early in comparison with others.
The results of using a Short-horn bull with the native cows were
so satisfactory that for a considerable time this system of crossing
was considered the only safe and proper one. I can remember
well the effects of this belief all over the North of Scotland where
the farmers had gone on using Short-horn bulls on three, four, and
five generations of cows, grades from the original native poUed
cows, till the large proportion of the stock in farmers' hands were
fairly passable Short-horns. At the time I refer to, from 1850 to
1860, I do not believe you could have found two Aberdeen-Angus
bulls, serving in herds other than those that were pure-bred, and
so few pure-bred herds were there that it became impossible for
the ordinary farmers to get polled heifers to follow out what they
called the right system of crossing.

I may whisper in your "lug" that it was about this time that

A DUAL-PURPOSE BREED. 805

the Aberdeen-AngTis cattle improved so much, and there can be no
doubt that many a dash of Short-horn blood was introduced with
much advantage to the black-skins. This, however, is away from
the point. The great scarcity of Aberdeen- Angus heifers drove
the farmers to use the Aberdeen-Angus bulls on their cross-bred
Short-horn grade cows. I can distinctly remember the subject of
the doings of a farmer, an owner of a herd of high-grade (Short-
horn) cows, being discussed widely with much headshaking seeing
he had ventured to use a polled bull in his herd. His experiment
was carefully watched and before five years there was a demand
for Aberdeen-Angus bulls for use in farmers' herds of cross-bred,
in fact, Short-horn grade cows.

For the past thirty years the following may be said to be the
common practice in the North of Scotland. As I have said the
cows in the hands of farmers were more or less Short-horns.
These were put to the Aberdeen- Angus bulls and the heifers kept
as cows practically first crosses. These and their daughters were
again put to Aberdeen-Angus bulls, when Short-horn bulls were
again brought in for several generations, and so on alternating
between Short-horns and Aberdeen-Angus sires (always pure-bred
herd-book animals), the farmers possessing herds of cows the
direct female descendants of cows owned by their grandfathers.
I do not know as I need say anything more on this subject.
The blend of the two breeds is a mixture which produces a class of
cattle having no equal as a rent-paying stock in this country: and
speaking from my own observation I believe it matters little how
the mixture is concocted so long as it is Short-horn and Aberdeen-
Angus, the judgment of the breeder being brought into play in
determining the amount of either of the two factors. It must,
nowever, be borne in mind that even this valuable mixture couli
not produce the Prime Scots which the Loudon West End butch-
ers sell at such high prices and which the " upper ten " are please i
to pay for if the North Coiuitrii fanmrs ever aUowed their ynuua stock t )
lose their calf flexh. To produce the high-selling article an ox ought
to be fit to kill any time during his life, and the question of the
proper age for slaughter entirely depends upon markets and such
like circumstances. Many people unacquainted with the North-
ern cattle say the first cross is the only right one, but you may go
from fai-m to farm in the North of Scotland where, as I have said,
nothing but cross-bred cows have been bred in the family for gen-
erations and yet the farmers pride themselves on their herds of
cows- cows that produce steers to top the London market.

806 A HISTORY OF SHORT-HORN CATTLE.

Crosses of light-colored Short-horns and the
shaggy black Galloways have long been popular
feeding steers in Britain, producing a "blue-
gray " beast that feeds out into a thick-cutting
carcass of richly-marbled beef. Needless to
add the " j^rime Scots " sell at fancy prices at
Smithfield and other leading English markets,
and are frequent winners at the British Na-
tional fat-cattle shows.

Smithfield Club. — England is epicurean in
relation to its meats. John Bull lives much in
the open air. He is in vigorous physical health.
His digestion is not impaired. He is the world's
best customer for rich, well-ripened cuts of beef.
He not only originated all of the improved
breeds of l)eef cattle, but more than a century
ago provided for a public test as to the relative
merits of the rival types.

The Smithfield Club of London was insti-
tuted as '• The Smithfield Cattle and Sheep So-
ciety," Dec. 17, 1798, and held its first exhii)i-
tion at Smithfield the following year. The title
"Smithfield Club" was permanently adopted in
1802. The club started with 113 members, and
at the initial show the sum of £52 10s. was of-
fered in prizes. In 1898 the membership had
increased to 1,120 with prizes amounting to
£4,965 lis. Classes are now made for Short-
horns, Herefords, Aberdeen-Angus, Galloways,
Devons, Sussex, Red Polls, Welsh, Highlanders,

A DUAL-PURPOSE BREED.

807

cross-breds and small cattle not othenvise eli-
gible. After the first few shows the exhibition
was discontinued for a period of twenty years,
extending from 1809 to 1829. The official rec-
ord of awards for the sixty-seven years, begin-
ning with the show of 1830, reveals the fact
that thirty-five championships have been won
by pure-bred Short-horn steers, and that seven
other champions were crosses of Short-horn
blood with other breeds. Since 1845 medals
have been given for the best fat cow or heifer
in the show, and during the fifty-two years,
ended in 1897, no less than thirty-four of these
championships were won by pure-bred Short-
horns.* Two other female championships have

•At the Smiihfield Club show of December, 1876, the first prize of £20
and a silver medal to the breeder in a class of nine entries lor best fat cow
lour years old or over, was awarded to the Renicb-bred exp. Duchess
10th (known in Enpland as Red Rose of Rannoeh). a " red-and- white" by Joe

Johnson (3U40) out ol Duchess 4th by Airdrie (303G:). She was exhibited
upon that occasion by the Earl of Dunmore at a live welpht of 1.9W lbs., de-
feating the Towneley-bi-ed Baron Oxford's Duchess. So far as we have
record this Is the only caso of an American-bred Short-horn being exhibited
•It that show. The late Abrani Ronkk naturally prized this Smithhcld
medal hltrhly. aud by the courtesy of Mr. Abram Renick the younger we
are permitted to present a reproduction of it hercwitii.

808 A HISTORY OF SHORT-HORN CATTLE, .

been awarded to animals carrying a Short-horn
cross. From this it appears that the breed has
easily held its own against the combined oppo-
sition of all rival sorts.

American Fat-Stock Show. — As already men-
tioned the establishment of the American Fat-
Stock Show under the auspices of the Illinois
State Board of Agriculture, Chicago, in the
autumn of 1878, marked an epoch in the his-
tory of the breed in the United States. It sub-
stituted for the often misleading tests of the
auction ring a public competition based solely
on demonstrated merit for feeding purposes; in
which considerations of pedigree, pride of birth
and ancestry were absolutely eliminated. It
established a test, the results of which were
worked out by the cold logic of the scales and
the judgment of butchers and feeders. It
forced the breeders of Short-horns to seek a
class of cattle that could successfully contend
with such highly specialized beef types as the
Herefords, Aberdeen- Angus and Galloways; and
the manner in which the great dual-purpose
breed responded to the call thus made upon it
affords striking demonstration of the inherent
capabilities of the race. In these day of "baby
beef" it is interesting to note the ages and
weights of the steers with which prizes were
won at the initial shows.
John D. Gillett of Elkhart, 111., who had

JOHN D. GILLETT, Elkhart, III.

Father of the American Export Bullock Trade.

A DUAL-PURPOSE BREED. 809

gained international fame as the fatiier of the
trade in export bullocks to Great Britain,* was
from the beginning an enthusiastic supporter
of the show, winning the first championship in
1878 with the Short-horn steer John Sherman,
about three years and seven months old, weigh-
ing 2,195 lbs. Van Meter and Hamiltons of Ken-
tucky exhibited bullocks mainly of the Young

•John Dean Gillett (descended from a French Hug-uenot family which
emigrated to this country in lf!31 and settled at Lebanon. Conn.) was bom
April 28, 1819, at Fair Haven, Conn. He attended the Lancastrean School
in New Haven, and at the age of 17 he went by sea to Georgia to visit an
uncle and acted for two years as a clerk in his uncle's store. In 1838 he
returned to Connecticut, where for three months he attended Pearl's
Academy. In the autumn of 1838 he left his native State, and in forty-two
days made the trip from New Haven to Illinois, going down the Ohio River
from Pittsburg to Cairo, thence up the Mississippi to St. Louis, and then
by stage to Springfield, 111. A walk of twenty miles brought him to Bald
Knob, where his uncle lived. Next morning he went to work for the latter
at $8 a month ; two years after (1840) he had saved up enough money to
enter, at $1.25 an acre, forty acres of rich prairie land near what is now
Cornland, Logan Co., 111. He began farming for himself in that year. He
bought all the land he could possibly acquire with his savings and culti-
vated every acre of it. Com being worth only six to eight cents yer bushel
would not pay. but corn fed to cattle and hogs would. He soon formed
the purpose of breeding a line of graded stock for the Eastern trade which
would excel anything in tlie market. He bought the best bulls and Cows ot
his neighbors, and about 1850 bought from Judge Skinner of Mount Pulaski
a " Durham " bull which had been brought from Kentucky. This bull was a
blue-roan of the Patton stock. He raised the first thirteen roan calves
from him and fed them to maturity — the first cattle of his own breeding
and raising he ever marketed— and sold them to James Jones of Ohio, who
drove them East, probably to Buffalo, N. Y., as that was the big cattle
market at that time. Mr. Gillett always bought his bulls from outside
sources. Whenever he saw a Short-horn cow or bull that would come up
to his idea as to what a beef animal should be he bought it. He was in his
prime as a cattle-breeder and shipper from about ISTl, when he first begran
to ship cattle to England until 1888. when he died. His herd was constantly
increasing, and while unregistered was practically pure bred. He owned
at his death about I'.i.OOO ;icres of land, about l.OdO head of cows of his own
raising and breeding and their increase fur two years, making a herd of
nearly 3,t)00 head. A striking portrait of Mr. Gillett may be seen in terra-
cotta relief work at the entrance to the Bank Building at the Chicago UuIod
Stock- Yards— a deserved tribute to his prominence In the Western cattle
trade.

810 A HISTORY OF SHORT-HORN CATTLE.

Mary family, weighing from 2,000 to 2,440 lbs.
each. These cattle were three and four years old.
At the show of 1871) the championship fell
to the Kentucky-bred roan three-year-old steer
Nichols, showai by J. H. Graves at a weight
of 2,060 ll)s. He represented mainly the Duke
of Airdrie and Renick blood, and was a grand
specimen of the best type of prime beeves in
demand at that period. Even at this early
day a call was made for the abolition of the
class for four-year-olds. After the holding of
the second show it was pointed out that the
championships had both been won by three-
year-olds. Besides this Mr. Gillett had under-
taken to carry over the champion of the first
show in the hope of winning again at the
second, but he came back so rough and tallowy
that he failed to receive even second prize.
Notwithstanding this fact Nichols was re-
turned to the show of 1880* and again received
championship honors, tipping the scales at the
great weight of 2,465 lbs. Mr. Gillett was
again prominent as an exhibitor, but as he
brought his cattle direct from the pastures
without special handling or fitting in the mod-

* Nichols was shown at the exhibition of 1879 as a pure-bred Short-horn,
but his exhibitor acting' upon information alleged to have been subse-
quently furnished, presented him at the show of 1880 as a g-rade. The
steer's age was also called in question and a heated controversy was
■waged in reference to him during the exhibition of 1880. There was no
qtiestion as to his outstanding superiority or as to his being to all Intents
and purposes a purely-bred Short-horn.

A DUAL-PURPOSE BREED. 811

ern sense of the term, his steers were faulted
as lacking in show-yard finish.

Mr. John B. Sherman of the Chicago Union
Stock-Yards for many seasons made a practice
of buying and maintaining in a show barn at
the yards fine specimens of the best show steers
from year to year, and at the exhibition of
1880 he presented at the Fat-Stock Show the
monster Short-horn Nels Morris at an official
weight of 3,125 lbs., which is, we believe, the
record for weight at these shows. For some
years a class for heaviest fat steers was main-
tained, but as it only served to bring out an
aggregation of unprofitable mountains of tal-
low it was properly abandoned. Messrs. Dodge
of Ohio -had a pair of pure-bred twin four-year-
old Short-horn steers at the show of 1882.
weighing together 5,250 lbs. The four-year-old
class was dropped after the show of 1880.

Mr. Gillett gained the championship in 1881
with his celebrated red bullock McMulleu at a
weight of 2,095 lbs., after a hotly contested
fight with Miller's grade Hereford Conqueror.
Morrow & Muir of Kentucky exhibited a good
load of Short-horns at this show, and entries
were also made by J. H. Potts & Sou and the
Bow Park management, the latter exhibiting
the champion cow. Lady Aberdeen 3d.

McMullen came back to the show of 1882,
having made a gain for the year of 470 lbs.,

812 A HISTORY OF SHORT-HORN CATTLE.

and repeated his championship winning of the
previous year at a weight of 2,565 lbs. He was
a good type of the old-fashioned sort, possess-
ing a table back and enormoos size, but stand-
ing rather high from the ground. The Messrs.
Groff of Canada supplied a great 2,400-lb. steer
at this show called Canadian Champion, that
had a more even distribution of thick flesh
than McMullen, and John Hope appeared from
Bow Park with his famous Bates-bred white
bullock, Clarence Kirklevington, as a yearling,
weighing 1,620 lbs. Messrs. Potts had a re-
markable steer in this show also, known as Red
Major, a well-ripened bullock weighing 1,600
lbs. at 715 days old. The late Hon. D. M. Mon-
inger, of Galvin, la., one of the most noted
of the Trans-Mississippi feeders of his day,
and a disciple of John D. Gillett, exhibited in
1882 his famous "Crimson Herd," including the
good, thick-fleshed, short-legged 1,945-lb. steer
Tom Brown.

In 1883 Mr. C. M. Culbertson, Newman, HI.,
w^on the championship with a roan w^hite-faced
steer, Roan Boy, sired by a Hereford bull out of
a Short-horn cow, both factions claiming a full
share of the honor of the award. This was a
memorable show, the grade class being perhaps
the largest ever seen at this exhibition, and re-
markable for the large number of Herefords
shown by Messrs. Earl & Stuart, Fowler &

A DUAL-PURPOSE BREED. 813

Van Natta, Culbertsoii, Seabury & Sample and
Thomas Clark. An interesting feature of this
show was the exhibition by Geary Bros, of
Canada of the imported Aberdeen- Angus three-
year-old bullock Black Prince. Another noted
animal was Fowler & Van Natta's Benton's
Champion, sired by a Hereford bull out of a
grade Short-horn dam.* Clarence Kirkleving-
ton was also forward as a two-year-old, win-
ning first in his class. Other notable entries
were Imboden's Short-horn Scratch, Tom
Clark's Hereford Tuck, and Adams Earl's Here-
ford Wabash.

Eighteen hundred and eighty-four was Clar-
ence Kirklevington's year. The lordly snow-
white bullock came forward that season at a
weight of 2.400 lbs., and with his beautiful
head, superb finish, great scale and command-
ing show-yard presence was not to be denied
championship honors. After beating down all
opposition on foot he finished his triumphant
career by gaining the championship in the
dressed carcass contest, although this lat-
ter award did not escape severe criticism.
Another grand Short-horn steer at this same
show was Morrow ^S: Henick's Kentucky-bred
roan, Schooler, one of the handsomest bullocks

•A fat-Stock show was held this year at Kansas City, at which the
championship was pained by J. H. Potts & Sons Short-horn jrrade Star-
Hpht. woltrhincr 2.170 lbs. That show was couttiuioti for sevoral years, but
was llually abandoned on account of depression in the Western cattle
trade.

814 A HISTORY OF SHORT-HORN CATTLE.

ever seen at a fat-stock show in this coantry.
The richly- fleshed grade Short-horn Charley
Ross, shown by Messrs. Ross of Ohio, defeated
at this show a large and excellent ring of three-
year-olds representing the different breeds. In
1885 and again in 1886 the Herefords bore away
the chief honors with the grade Regulus and
the pure-bred Rudolph Jr., the former shown
by Fowler & Van Natta and the latter by George
Morgan. A remarkably handsome yearling
pure-bred Short-horn known as Cleveland was
shown by Messrs. Elbert & Fall of Albia, la., at
the show of 1885, winning the yearling cham-
pionship.* Rudolph Jr., the Hereford, was the
first young steer of the " pony " type to win a
championship at these shows, and it was notice-
able that the two-year-olds of all breeds were
beginning to come forward much stronger rela-
tively than the older cattle. The show was be-
ginning to bear fruit. The idea that cattle
could be profitably fed until four years old was
being rapidly exploded.-}- So practical and suc-

* Messrs. Elbert & Fall were for many years prominent breeders of
pure-bred Short-horns, handling many excellent cattle and making a
number of very successful public sales. They became the owners of the
Bates-bred stock of Colonel H. M. Valle of Independence, Mo., famous for
the merit of the Waterloos.

t We believe that Messrs. James N. Brown's Sons of Sangamon County
were the first to advocate classes for calves and yearUngs at the fat-stock
show. Mr. William Brown of that firm, whose genial personalty and high
intelligence have endeared him to a wide circle of friends and acquaint-
ances, iisually represented the firm upon such occasions, and it must be
recorfled that Grove Park in the early days of the fat-stock show lived up
to the best traditions of its earlier years when it was the primary source
of Short-horn power in the State of Illinois.

A DUAL-PURPOSE BREED. 815

cessful a man as John D. Gillett stated pub-
licly that he had abandoned his former methods
and was now aiming to market cattle at about
thirty months old.

At the show of 1887 Short-horns resumed
their winning; the championship being carried
by D. M. Moninger's Doctor Glick — an 1,855-lb.
two-year-old grade. The champion of the class
for pure-bred Short-horns was J. J. Plill's three-
year-old Prentice, representing a cross of his
Oxford bull upon one of his mixed-bred cows.
Moffat Bros., Paw Paw, 111., had a wonderfully
thick two-year-old in this show — Cruickshank
2d, sired by imp. Amherst and weighing 1,705
lbs. In 1888 the Aberdeen-Angus Dot, bred by
Wallace Estill and shown by Mr. Imboden re-
ceived chief honors of the show; his closest
competitor at the finish being the two-year-old
Short-horn Brant Chief from Bow Park. The
Angus weighed 1,515 lbs. at 863 days, an aver-
age gain per day of 1.75. The Short-horn
w^eighed 1,890 lbs. at 1,022 days, an average
gain per day of 1.85. One of the strongest
steers of this show was Potts' Richmond, and
another capital enti\v was Blish & Son's year-
ling Mark, sired by Dick Taylor of Glen wood.
The champion of the show of 1881) was Elbert
& Fall's grade two-year-old Short-horn Kigdoii,
a son of the Duchess bull 2d Duke of Br.mt,
shown in beautiful bloom at a weight of 1.1)50

816 A HISTORY OF SHORT-HORN CATTLE.

lbs. The champion of the Short-horn class at
this show was J. J. Hill's Britisher, a sappy,
thick-fleshed roau, got by a bull that was sired
by imp. Gambetta out of a Cruickshank Bra-
with Bud cow sired by a Bates Oxford bull.
Mr, W. H. Renick, who had been a persistent
and successful exhibitor, showing cattle full of
the Rose of Sharon blood, was also well repre-
sented in this exhibition by the handsome two-
year-old bullocks Nonesuch and Twilight, that
divided the ballots of Messrs. Moberley and
Gosling in their class. At the show of 1890
Nonesuch came back and carried off the cham-
pionship in his three-year-old form at a weight
of 2,090 lbs.

In 1891 the three-year-old clasG was dropped;
so general had become the conviction that the
three-year-olds should no longer be encouraged.
The abolition of this class, together with the
depressing influence of a dragging market
throughout the entire country for pure-bred
cattle, materiallj'- decreased the size of the
show. The exhibition, while it had been im-
mensely popular with all close students of the
problems of profitable meat production, had
never been a financial success. It had now en-
tered upon a serious decline, and, as the large
Exposition Building upon the Chicago Lake
Front, in which the shows had been held from
the beginning, was about to be torn down the

A DUAL-PURPOSE BREED. SI 7

management abandoned the exhibition after the
show of 1S91, at which the championship was
won by Mr. Van Natta's two-year-old Hereford
Hickory Nut. The champion of the Short-horn
class at this final show was Potts' Captain. The
yearling championship of the hall was won by
John Gosling's Bob Cass, a three-quarter-bred
Short-horn; the calf championshi^o falling to
Milton E. Jones' Tallmadge, sired by Spartan
Hero.* In the fall of 181)2, through the efforts
of private individuals, a so-called "emergency"
show was held at the stock-yards, at which the
champion prize was awarded Potts & Son's
King. In 1893 at the Columbian Show the
championship fell to Milton E. Jones of Wil-

• During the palmy days of the American fat-stock show, when the
rivalry of the breeds was at its height, the annual meetings of the various
National associations of breeders were characterized by an enthusiasm
which has had no parallel In the history of the American live-stock trade.
The old Grand Pacific Hotel in Chicago, under the management of the
late John H. Drake and Samuel Parker, was the favorite rendezvous for a
coterie of choice spirits whose lives were devoted to the cattle trade; and
many an Interesting "session" has been held beneath the roof of that
famous old-tlnic hostelry. It was the one occasion of the entire year when
the wcaltliy fanciers, substantial breeders, the " field marshals" of the
feeding fraternity, and in fact all who were interested In the fortunes of
any of the leading breeds came together for an interchange of ideas and
for the indulgence of that spirit of cnmaraderie that has ever characterized
those who devote themselves heart and soul to the breeding and fitting of
the improved types of domestic animals. During the d.iy all hands would
lU'voto themselves to the excitements of the show in progress in the old
Exposition Building on the Lake Front, or to the auction 8.tles in progress
at Dexter Park. At night around the b.inQuet bo.'ird. or under the mellow-
ing influences of gooil company and an occasional bottle there would bo a
"feast of reason and a How of soul " that lingoriHl long in the niemorles of
those who were privileged to enter the charmed circle. Those golden
days are gone, jierhaps never to retiirn. Many of the le.iding spirits h.ivo
passed away, but thoHt> wl\o survive will never cease to r»>Jolce that they
were iMM-niltted to participate in the scenes which will always cluster
around their i-ecollectlons of the Grand P.-u-iflc.

818 A HISTORY OF SHORT-HORN CATTLE.

liamsville, 111., on the two-year-old Short-horn
Banner Bearer. In 1894 the Illinois State Board
made one final effort, holding an exhibition at
Tattersall's in Chicago, the Short-horns leaving
off, as they had l)egun in 1S78, by capturing the
championship, the award going to J. H. Potts
& Son's AVhiskers of Milton E. Jones' breeding.
Since that date America has unfortunately been
without a fat-stock show. It appears from the
above record that the Short-horns won eleven
out of the sixteen championships awarded, be-
sides contributing to the blood of two of the
grade Herefoi-d champions.

On the range. — As already stated it was the
blood of Short-horn bulls that laid the founda-
tion for the present improved class of cattle
coming from the Western ranges. Large num-
bers of them had been used throughout the
Western country before the Herefords were
bred in the Western States, so that when the
"white-faced" bulls began going upon the
ranges the cow herds were in many instances
well graded up with Short-horn blood. The
Southwest has been the great breeding ground
of the new West and few men are better qual-
ified to speak of the manner in which the great
herds of the Texas Panhandle have been
brought to their present level than Mr. Charles
Goodnight. In a recent letter to the author
Mr. Goodnight, who is recognized as one of

A DUAL-PURPOSE BREED. 819

the leaders in the improvement of Southwest-
ern herds, says:

When I came into the Panhandle of Texas it was an unsettled
wild, being some 250 miles to the nearest settlement toward the
East and Southeast. Having no communication with the settled
portion of the State for a number of years I cannot advise you as
to the date when they commenced to breed Short-horns in these
districts. I came to the Panhandle in 1876 from Colorado, bringing
with me, among other cattle, about 130 high-grade and some pure-
bred Short-horns, or " Durhams," as we were accustomed to call
them. I had bought in Kentucky in 1869 114 head of pedigreed
Short-horn bulls as calves, and used them to great advantage.
Some years later I bought about 300 high-grade and pedigreed
Short-horns in Kansas and Missouri, and from this "plant" the
Panhandle of Texas was largely "blooded."

At a later date these cattle and their descendants were crossed
by Herefords, from which cross sprung some of the most noted of
existing Panhandle herds. In this altitude and climate the great-
est success is attained by this cross, and we will continue to so
breed cattle in this part of the country.

Mr. Murdo Mackenzie, manager for the Mat-
ador Land and Cattle Co., one of the largest
"outfits" in the Panhandle country, confirms
Mr. Goodnight's testimony as to the partiality
of Southwestern ranchmen for a dip of Short-
horn blood. While other breeds have staunch
friends and will undoubtedly continue to l)e
largely used in the Western trade, Mr. Jilac-
kenzie, in common with most other unpreju-
diced men, claims that the blood of the Short-
horn will ever remain a prime factor in main-
taining the size of the Southwestern stock.
He states that on the occasion of a recent visit
to the great X I T range, the largest in the
world, the property of the Capitol Syndicate, he

820 A HISTORY OF SHORT-HORN CATTLE.

called the attention of the manager to the fact
that the Short-horn steers would average sev-
enty-five pounds heavier than those in which
other bloods predominated, which fact was
promptly admitted. No man in the American
cattle trade stands higher than Murdo Macken-
zie. A large buyer and user of Herefords him-
self, his statements herewith quoted, made in
the course of a recent interview with the au-
thor, reflect not the partisanship of a Short-
horn breeder, but the deliberate judgment of
one of the best informed and most intelligent
of the present generation of brainy cattlemen
operating on the Western range.

Similar testimony comes from every nook
and corner of the great grazing grounds of the
Western plains and mountain valleys as well
as from the Pacific Slope.* In the Northwest
Short-horn blood has been in demand ever
since neat cattle superseded the buffalo. Con-
rad Kohrs,t Pierre Wibaux and their contem-
poraries have spread the Short-horn colors ev-

* Pure-bred Short-horns were introduced into Calif omia a g'reat many
years ago and the blood has been freely iised iipon the immense ranches of
that State. One of the most notable shipments ever sent to the Coast was
a purchase made by John D. Oarr from Col. William S. King of Lyndale,
which included among- other celebrities the great imported Cruickshank
cow Christabel, by Champion of England.

t Conrad Kohrs made his first large investment in Northwestern cattle
in 1866, when he bought from " Johnnie " Grant a large herd containing
many well-bred Short-horns. In 1871 he began buying Short-horn bulls on
an extensive scale throiighout the corn-belt. His annual shipments of
beef cattle to Eastern markets have averaged about 3,000 head, and these,
on account of their good breeding, have uniformly commanded a high
price.

A DUAL-PURPOSE BREED. 821

erywhere throughout the Northern range. In
the course of a recent letter to the author Mr.
Wibaux says:

I will simply say this, that the Short-horn is the only bull to
use in a free-grazing country. I bought my first one in Kentucky
in 1883 and have been using them ever since. Whenever I have
branched out with other breeds I have been sorry for it, as the
increase would then be reduced in size or of bad color. Our oldest
herds in Montana, and the best we ever had, were bred from the
Short-horn.

Mr. Wibaux ranks as one of the "cattle
kings" of the West and while his testimony
may sound rather radical it serves to demon-
strate that notwithstanding the admitted value
and popularity of other breeds in connection
with Western ranching the Short-horn has a
permanent hold in that trade as well as among
the farmers, feeders and dairymen of the older
States.

Dairy capacity. — From the earliest periods
the breed has produced cows of splendid capac- W"^
ity at the pail. One of the first of the Engli.^h
breeders to pay special attention to the dairy
quality of his herd was Jonas Whitaker, whose
cows were celebrated throughout all England
for their splendid udders and heavy flow of
milk. Bates was always proud of his butter
records. Indeed, in the early days there was
scarcely a herd of note that did not possess cows
of exceptional capacity in this direction. Even
at Killorby and Warlaby. where beef was the
prime consideration, deep-milking cows were

822 A HISTORY OF SHORT-HORN CATTLE.

frequently developed. Sir Charles Kniglitley
with his Fawsley Fillpails carried the reputa-
tion of the Short-horn as a milking stock
throughout the entire cattle-breeding world.

The early importations into New England
and the East were specially distinguished in
this regard; the descendants of such imported
cows as Pansy, Arabella, Agatha, Belina, the
Princesses and many others furnishing bounti-
ful supplies of dairy products. Cows descend-
ing from the earlier Ohio and Kentucky impor-
tations, although not handled to such an extent
as were those of the Easfc, with a view toward
dairy work, often gave much more milk than
their lusty calves could possibly take care of.
The earlier volumes of the American Herd Book
contain many references to remarkable milk
and butter records, and coming down to recent
times we have the official Columbian test, the
records of various State fairs and agricultural
colleges, as well as private dairies, to prove
that this valuable trait still exists whenever
and w^herever the necessary pains are taken to
cultivate it. This is as true to-day in the old
country as it is in the United States, as is
shown by the official records of the London
Dairy Show and by the books of the great Eng-
lish dairy supply companies and of the herds
making a specialty of the milking strains.

It is a well-known fact that the milking habit

D(nVAGEK 3ij.

First-l'rizc Dairy Coiv at llic Royal Eiiff/i^li Sliozrs of iSq2 and /Soj.
J'rOifttfiii ^f)/ lbs. of hull,!- in ij inonlhs.

MOLLY MILLKENT.

Tlu C,l,hial,J Emilish Slio:v lov. Hrfd and .xhiUlfJ h Kohl. TkomfsoH.

/ngli-.ropiiy Pfnrilh. {RtfioAiiifJ from JraviHg im Lomien

l.ivf Slock yourna/.)

A DUAL-PURPOSE BREED. 823

is one which may lie dormant if neglected
and which is yet susceptible of cultivation to
a remarkable degree. At present a large pro-
portion of Short-horn breeders devote their at-
tention rather to the development of the feed-
ing and fleshing qualities of their stock at the
expense of the milk-making proclivities. This
is a point which needs attention. It is a well-
known fact that the best milkers, as a rule,
prove the best mothers, rear the best calves
and thus become the most reliable sources of
profit in the herd. A typical Short-horn cow
should require no "wet-nurse" for her progeny,
and by a judicious system of selection and
management any good breeding herd may be-
come noted for its milk as well as for its beef.
In this fact lies the chief glory of the Short-
horn.*

State fair tests. — We can conceive of no
place more thoroughly unsuited for the proper
testing of dairy cows than our American State
fairs. Few animals can be expected to do
themselves justice immediately after a railway
journej^ set down in the midst of new and un-

• Space will not admit of our endeavoring to collect and set forth the
many remarkable milk and butter i-eeords made by Short-liom cows In
Eu^'land. Wo are Indebtixl to Prof. W. J. Kennedy of the Illinois Aprlcul-
tural Kxperliuent StatUm for the portrait of the Enpllsh-briHl cow Dowaper
'M\. which la reproduced In this volume. This cow w:i8 bnnl and owned by
Mr. C. A. Pratt, Kushfoixl. Evesham. Enp., and was tirst-prUe winner at
the Uoyal shows ot lS<.t-' and IS'.Ut, besult>8 provlutr the best dairy cow by
actual test. Her milk r««cord was t>S lbs. In one day, from which 2 lbs. 10 ok.
of b\ilter were made. She was a luapnlticont tyiH» of the du.al-purposo sort
and had a buttt-r recoitl of .'iCl lbs. In one year.

n/

nI

824 A HISTORY OF SHORT-HORN CATTLE.

favorable surroundings under the uncertain
influences of a change of feed and water. Nev-
ertheless, various State boards of agriculture
have offered prizes for short tests officially con-
ducted upon these occasions, and in proof of
what Short-horns can do even under these con-
ditions the following figures are submitted:

New York State Fair in 1889, Fillpail 3d (Vol. XXXIV, page
933) in twenty-four hours gave 30)^ lbs. of milk, from which 1}{
lbs. of butter were made. At same fair Betsy 7th (Vol. XXXV)
in twenty-four hours gave 19^ lbs. of milk, from which 3 lbs. and
}4 oz. of butter was made. Fillpail 3d had produced her calf
ninety-seven days before and Betsy 7th 176 days before.

Indiana State Fair 1889, Wild Duchess of Oxford (Vol. XXXII,
page 467) , test from Sept. 9 to Sept. 16, inclusive, 7 lbs. 12 oz. of
butter were made, weighed after the second working and free
from buttermilk. The test on the fair grounds was twenty-four
hours, in which time she gave 32 lbs. 73^ oz. of milk.

Missouri State Fair, same year. Red Rosa (Vol. XXVHI, page
1007) in twenty-four hours gave 3 gals. 3 qts. of milk and 8 oz. of
butter. She took the second prize in sweepstakes, being beaten
by a Jersey giving 2 gals. 1 qt. of milk, yielding 8 oz. of butter.

Illinois State Fair in 1890, Cora B. (Vol. XXV, page 650),
twenty-four hours test gave 24}4 lbs. milk ; total solids, 3.017.
Beatitude gave 21.50 lbs. of milk, total solids, 2.716.

Michigan State Fair 1890, Moss Rose 4th (Vol. XXXV, page
579) , one day's test, butter 2 lbs. in grand sweepstakes, there being
eight entries.

Iowa State Fair 1890, Cora B. (Vol. XXV, page 650) , twelve
hours' test, 25.75 lbs. milk; butter-fat, 1.05; cream gauge, 11.50 per
cent. Valentine Gwynne (Vol. XXXVI) gave 21 J^ lbs. of milk,
butter-fat, 87; cream gauge, 10 per cent.

Kentucky Agricultural and Mechanical Association in 1890,
Carnation 43d (Vol. XXVI, page 1239) two-day test milking, one
held the week before the fair and the other on the fair grounds.
First test was 52 lbs. and on the fair grounds 12 qts. Zenda vista
(Vol. XXVI, page 1239), first test 48 lbs., on the fairgrounds 12
qts. Heifers under three years old, Lakewood Lady (Vol.
XXXVI) first test 9 lbs., on the fair ground S^ qts. Chautauqua
Belie, first test 11 lbs. and on the fair ground 5 qts.

A DUAL-PURPOSE BREED. 825

New York State Fair in 1890, Kitty Clay 2d (Vol. XXI, page
553j gave 42 lbs. 13 oz. milk from which 1 lb. 11 oz. of butter was
made, unsalted. Constance of Brookdule 28th (Vol XXXIII, page
596) gave 42 lbs. 3 oz. of milk and 1 lb. 8 oz. of butter was made.
Chautauqua Belle 36th gave 23 lbs. 10 oz. of milk from which 12 oz.
of butter was made. Lakewood Lady (Vol. XXXVI) gave 11 lbs.
8 oz., from which 8 oz. of butter was made, the two latter being in
the younger class.

Western Pennsylvania Agricultural Association in 1890, Dolly
2d (Vol. XXXIV, page 618) , 52 lbs. 15 oz. of milk, lactometer test
110 per cent above State standard. The actual worth of milk at
?1.50 per hundred, 79 per cent. Actual worth of milk $1.16, cost of
feed, twenty-six days test, 40 cents. Net gain in two days test,
56 cents. Bracelet 11th (XXVII, page 585), weight of milk, 71 lbs.
13 oz. ; lactometer test 109 per cent above State standard. Current
worth of milk at $1.50 per hundred was $1.07. Actual worth of
milk at $1.50 per hundred, $1.29; cost of feed two-day test, 74
cents. Net gain, 55 cents.

Nebraska State Board of Agriculture in 1890, 5th Mistletoe of
the Grove (Vol. XIX, page 14718), two days test; first day, milk,
327-16 lbs. ; butter, 1.46 lbs. ; second day, milk, 289-16 lbs. ; butter, 27
lbs. ; total milk for two days, 61 lbs. ; total amount of butter in two
days, 2.73. Cora B. (Vol. XXV, page 650), first day, milk, 33 lbs.
1 oz. ; butter, 1.17 lbs. ; second day, milk, 26 7-16 lbs. ; butter, 99 lbs. ;
total milk for two days, 59>^ lbs. ; total butter, 2.16.

California State Fair in 1891, Cherry Leaf (Vol. XXVII, page
363), in the two-day test, gave 2.114 lbs. Mountain Maid (Vol.
XXX, page 801) in same test gave 1.13 lbs. butter.

Indiana State Fair in 1891. Addie (Vol. XXX\a, page 839), in the
two-day test, gave 1.375 lbs. butter.

Kansas State Fair in 1891, Genevieve (Vol. XXXVI, page 860) ,
in the two-day test, made 2.838 lbs. butter. Betsy 4th (Vol. XXX,
page 501), same test, made 2.822 lbs.

Kentucky Agricultural and Mechanical Association in 1891.
Bridesmaid (Vol. XXV, page 12931, iu the two-day test. 2.656 lbs.
of butter wei-e made. Carnation 43d (Vol. XXX\T[. page V?J3Q i , in
the two-day test, 2,343 lbs.

Michigan State Fair in 1891, Moss Rose 4th (Vol. XXXV, page
579), iu the two-day test, made 3.25 lbs.

Missouri State Fair iu 1891, Ada of Idlewild iVol. XXXIV.
page 615), iu the two-day test, made 1.74 lbs.

Now York State Fair iu 1891, Fillpail 3d (Vol. XXXIV, page.

826 A HISTORY OF SHORT-HORN CATTLE.

933), in the two-day test, made 3.29 lbs. Isa (Vol. XXXFV, page
780), in the two-day test, gave 3.05 lbs.

Nebraska State Fair in 1891, Lady Jane Constance (Vol. XXXI,
page 747), in the two-day test, made 2.06 lbs. Maggie Gunter
(Vol. XXXII, page 508), made 2.04 lbs.

Ohio State Fair in 1891, Bracelet 11th (Vol. XXVII, page 585),
in two days gave 3.21 lbs. butter.

Western Pennsylvania Agricultural Association in 1891, Ver-
vain (Vol. XXXrV, page 825) , in the two-day test, made 4.2 lbs.
Dolly 2d (Vol. XXXIV, page 618), in the two-day test, gave
3.857 lbs.

At the Western Fair at Ontario in 1891, Matilda H. (Vol.
XXXVII), in the two-day test, made 2.131 lbs.

Wisconsin State Fair in 1891, Lady Campbell (Vol. XXV, page
841), in the two-day test, gave 2.4.

The Columbian records. — In connection with
the live-stock exliibit at the World's Columbian
Exposition in Chicago in 1893 the most elabor-
ate official test of the relative capacities of
dairy cows of which there is record was held.
It goes without saying that show-yard sur-
roundings are not conducive to the best results
in performances of this kind. The most that
can be said for such contests is that they are
as fair for one breed as another. The Colum-
bian test covered milk and butter production
as well as cheese-making, and extended over
the period from May 11 to Oct. 4, the cows
being subject to close confinement in tem-
porary accommodations and endured the mid-
summer heat. The American Jersey Cattle
Club appropriated the sum of $40,000 for the
purpose of making the strongest possible pre-
sentation of the claims of that famous Channel

A DUAL-PURPOSE BREED. 827

Island butter breed. Hundreds of carefully-
conducted tests of cows of tliat type had been
previously reported, so that it was compara-
tively easy to select cows of known capacity
to represent that popular breed upon this occa-
sion. The American Guernsey Cattle Club
also made provision for a choice collection of
tested cows. The Holstein-Friesian breeders
expressed dissatisfaction with some of the pro-
visions under which the tests were to be con-
ducted and declined to enter. The American
Short-horn Breeders' Association, with com-
mendable enterprise, resolved to take advan-
tage of the occasion to prove that the "red,
white and roans " would milk as well as make
beef, and the task of locating and collect-
ing cows for that purpose w^as entrusted to
Hon. H. H. Hinds of Stanton, Mich. In
spite of the fact that insufficient data was at
hand for the prompt prosecution of the work,
Mr. Hinds succeeded in obtaining the requisite
twenty-five head, and it was largely due to his
efficient and unremitting efforts that such a
satisfactory showing was made for the Short-
horns in the face of the strongest opposition
from the special dairy breeds mentioned.
Bearing in mind the fact that the Short-horns
have been bred for beef to a far greater extent
than in the direction of dairy performance, the
comparisons shown by the subjoined summary

828 A HISTORY OF SHORT-HORN CATTLE.

furnish conclusive demonstration of the fact
that the breed possesses latent capabilities as
dairy stock, requiring only proper attention to
render it an important factor in the calcula-
tions of general farmers and dairymen :

In test number one, for cheese-making, extending from May 11
to May 25, the Jersey herd stood first, the Guernseys second and
the Short-horns third; the award being based on net cost of pro-
duction. Nevertheless, the Short-horns yielded 12,186.9 lbs. of
milk, from which Avas made 1,077.6 lbs. cheese. The best individ-
ual record made by any cow in this test was 70.92 lbs. of cheese by
the Jersey cow Ida Marigold, produced at a net profit of J6.97.
The Short-horn cow Nora made during the same period 60.56 lbs.
at a net profit of 16.27. The best Guernsey made 50.05 at a net
profit of $5.27.

Test number two, extending ninety days, from May 1 to Aug.
28, was for butter-making, loss or gain of weight and cost of main-
tenance to be considered. It was not to be expected that the
Short-horn herd would be able to surpass the performance of the
highly-specialized butter breeds in such a contest, but the result
demonstrated for all time the dual-purpose character of Short-
horn cattle. The Jersey herd of twenty-five cows produced 73,-
478.8 lbs. of milk; the Short-horn herd, weakened by the loss of
two cows, pro('uced 66,263.2 lbs. of milk, and the twenty-five
Guernseys yielded 61,781.7 lbs. of milk. The Jerseys were cred-
ited with 4,573.')5 lbs. of butter, the Guernseys with 3,360.43 and
the twenty-three Short-horns with 2,890.86 lbs. of butter. Dur-
ing this same period the Short-horn cows put on 2,826 lbs. of flesh,
the Jerseys 77 5 lbs. and the Guernseys 466 lbs. The total value of
product produced was computed to be for the Jerseys $1,876.67, for
the Guernseys $1,465.46, and for the Short-horns $1,286.78; the net
profit credited to the Jerseys being $1,323 81, to the Guernseys
$997.63 and to the Short-horns $911.13.

In this test the Short-horn cow Nora produced 3,679.8 lbs. of
milk, fi'om which was made 160.57 lbs. butter, and while doing
this she gained 115 lbs. in weight. The best individual Jersey per-
formance was by Brown Bessie, that produced 3,634 lbs. of milk,
from which was made 216.66 lbs. butter and recording a gain in
live weight of eighty-one pounds. The best Guernsey, Materna,
produced 3,511.8 lbs. of milk, from which was made 185.16 lbs. but-
ter, the cow losing thirteen pounds live weight.

KITTY CLAY 4th.

Produced 1,5^2.8 lbs. milk, from -.vliirh xi'as madt' 62.24 '''•"'■• hiUter, and gained
28 /bs. in zveight during Columbian thirty-day butler test.

YOUNG MARY STEER SCHOOLER.

First-Prize Three-l'ear-Old at American Fat Slock Sho-v, 1885.

A DUAL-PURPOSE BREED. 829

Test number three was for butter production only and ex-
tended thirty days, from Aug. 29 to Sept. 27. In this contest the Jer-
sey herd was credited with 837.21 lbs. butter from 13,921.9 lbs. milk,
at a net profit of $274.34. The Guernseys produced 724.17 lbs. but-
ter from 13,518.4 lbs. milk at a net profit of $237, and the Short-
horns produced 662.66 lbs. butter from 1.5,618.3 lbs. milk, at a net
profit of $119.13. In this test the best Jersey cow, Brown Bessie,
produced 1,134.6 lbs. milk from which was made 72.32 lbs. butter,
and gained seven pounds live weight, showing a net profit of
$24.69. The best Guernsey cow. Purity, produced 1,012.2 lbs. milk
from which was made 54.8 lbs. butter, and gained fourteen pounds
live weight, showing a net profit of $19.37. The best Short-horn
cow, Kittie Clay 4th, produced 1,. 592.8 lbs. milk, from which was
made 62.24 lbs. butter, and gained twenty-eight pounds in weight,
showing a net profit of $19.57.*

♦One of the cows died early in tlie test, so that but twenty-four head
were really available. The list (arranged in the order in which they
ranked at the conclusion of the ninety-day butter test) was as follows :

Nora (Vol. 39), bred by D. Sheehan & Sons. Iowa.

Genevieve (Vol. 3G, p. 860), bred by W. W. Waltmire, Kansas.

Waterloo Daisy (Dominion Herd Booli), bred by D. Reed, Ontario.

Betsy "til (Vol. 3o, p. 925), bred by S. Spencer & Son, New York.

BashfulM (Vol. 35, p. 380), bred by William Duthie. Scotland.

Plumwood Bell 2d (Vol. 32, p. (HI), bred by C. Hiutz, Ohio.

Fair Maid of HuUott 2d (Vol. 39), bred by William Grainger, Ontario.

Emma Abbott 3d (Vol. 39), bred by I. U. Wetmore, Illinois.

Belle Prince 2d (Vol. 30, p. 492), bred by C. M. Clark, Wisconsin.

Rosa (Vol. 30, p. 714). bred by J. W. Stewart, Pennsylvania.

Azalia (Vol. 37. p. 741), bred by A. Morse, Now York.

Lady Bright (Dominion Herd Book), bred by J. G. Wright, Ontario.

Kitty Clay 7th (Vol. :i8. p. 671). bretl by Joseph Garfield, New York.

Marchioness 6th (Dominion Herd Book), bred by Ballantlne & Son.
Ontario.

Lucy Ann (Vol. 35, p. 925), bred by H. H. Jones, New York.

Maude's Antarctic (Vol. 30, p. 793). bred by W. W. Brim, Ohio.

Maid of Oxford 3d (Vol. 32. p. 790). bred by A. Mor^3e.

Iza (Vol. ;(4. p. 780), bred by A. Morse.

Fancy 11th (Vol. 39), bred by J. C. Thornton & Son. Pennsylvaaia.

Royal Duchess (Dominion Herd Book), bred by D. Marlatt, OnUrlo.

Orange Girl (Vol. 37. p. 713), bred by E. B. Morriwether & Son. Illinois.

Butterfly 3il, (Vol. 30, p. 497). bred by Hon. Emory Cobb, Illinois.

Maid of Oxford 2d (Vol. 31. p. 812), bred by A. Morse.

Flllpail 9th (Vol. 37. p. 872). bred by S. Spencer Jt Son.

Tn the thirty-day butter test the privilege of bringing in other cows
was granted, and Kitty Clays 3d and 4th, from the herd of Mr. J. K. Inuea
Granville Center, Pa., materially strengthened the Short-horn forces
Prom the Spencer herd came Kitty Clay 5th, so that this family h.-ui more
reprosentativea in the test than any other.

830 A HISTORY OF SHORT-HORN CATTLll.

Test number four was for heifers under three years old for
butter making, loss and gain of weight and cost of maintenance
considered, extending from Sept. 28 to Oct. 4. In this the Guern-
seys did not compete. The seven Jersey heifers gave 3,356.6 lbs.
milk, producing 194.22 lbs. butter at a net profit of $56.27, gaining
150 lbs. live weight. The six Short-horn heifers gave 2,581 lbs.
milk; producing 122.36 lbs. butter, at a net profit of $47.42; gain-
ing 384 lbs. live weight. In this test the best Jersey heifer made
37.48 lbs. butter and gained 19 lbs. in weight, showing a net profit
of $11.22. The Short-horn heifer, Miss Renick 24th, produced
26.85 lbs. butter, gained in live weight 78 lbs. (nearly 4 lbs. per
day), at a net profit of $10.97.

In tests where gain in live weight was credited the price per
pound was made uniform in each case, although it need scarcely
be pointed out that the Short-horn beef represented by this gain
would have commanded more per pound in the market than that of
their competitors. It is of interest to note that in tests numbers
two, three and four the thres best Short-horn cows, Nora, Kittle
Clay 4th and Miss Renick 24th, produced 5,861 lbs. of milk, against
5,330 lbs. of milk from the best three Jerseys in same tests.

The Wisconsin experiment. — The Wiscon-
sin Agricultural Experiment Station has un-
dertaken a study of the relative caj)acity of
cows representing the special dairy type and
those of the dual-purpose character. The Hon.
W. D. Hoard, H. C. Taylor and C. P. Goodrich,
than whom there are probably no better judges
of special dairy stock, each selected a grade
Jersey for this test. Six grade Short-horns, a
like number of grade Guernseys and three more
grade Jerseys were bought by Prof. W. L. Car-
lyle, whose object in making the test is set
forth in the following language:

It has been generally admitted -by those with experience on
the subject that under present conditions it will never be profit-
able for the farmers of Wisconsin to engage to any great extent in
rearing a class of "beefing" cattle, the cows of which give only

A DUAL-PURPOSE BREED. 831

sufiQcient milk to rear their young. The great cattle ranges of
the West arc too near, and the competition too unequal to permit
of our farmers embarking in exclusive beef raising to any great
extent. On the other hand, the majority of our farmers are ap-
parently not desirous of keeping the so-called special-purpose
dairy cattle. They would like to keep a class of cattle, if such
could be obtained, that would give a sufiBciently large quantity of
milk and butter-fat to return a fair profit on the feed and care
given them, and at the same time produce steers that would feed
well for beef.

The first year's work with this set of cows
closed with the grade Short-horn Rose estab-
lished as the greatest producer in the herd:
returning the greatest profit over cost of feed,
although milked only 32G days out of the 305.
During that time she produced 10,163 lbs. of
milk, containing 433.82 ll)s. of })utter-fat, the
equivalent of 506.12 lbs. of butter. The average
amount of fat in her milk for the year was 4.2
per cent. The total feed consumed during the
entire year cost $35.06. The total value of the
butter and skim-milk produced was §114.92.
leaving a profit over cost of feed of $79.86. Her
butter, produced at a cost of 6.9 cents, was
made more economically than that from any
special-purpose cow in the herd. The second
best result was obtained from one of the Guern-
sey grades, showing a profit of $68.04, but the
third best record in the herd was made by the
grade Short-horn cow Ducliess, that produced
439.83 lbs. of l)utter at a net profit of $67.07.
Speaking of this first year's experiment Prof.
Carlyle says:

832 A HISTORY OF SHORT-HORN CATTLE.

It must be admitted that the results of this year's work were a
great surprise, for while it was thought that the large and strong
Short-horn grades representing the dual-purpose type, would re-
turn a fair profit on the feed consumed, it was not even surmised
that they would equal their much more finely organized and
smaller sisters — the Jersey and Guernsey grades— in cheapness
of butter production. This yearly record is given as a preliminary
work, and is not to be considered as at all conclusive and yet
when five such Short-horn grade cows as are here reported can
be picked up in a single day, as was the case with these, it would
seem as if that class of cows must have a great deal of dairy value.

This Wisconsin test, which is developing
many surprises for those who have so strenu-
ously denied the existence of a profitable dual-
purpose cow is still in progress, and we have it
on the best authority that the data which will
be forthcoming in the report of the second
year's experiment will be even more interest-
ing to the lireeders of Short-horns than that
from which we have quoted above.

Official records in Iowa. — The proofs being
supplied at the Wisconsin Station are well sup-
plemented b)' late figures from the Iowa Agri-
cultural Experiment Station at Ames, where
special attention is also being given to the sub-
ject of the dairy capacity of Short-horn cows.
Director C. F. Curtiss has furnished us with
photographs of the two cows College Moore and
College Belle 2d (illustrated in this volume),
both descending in the maternal line from imp.
Young Mary. College Belle 2d has produced
7,554 lbs. of milk in ten months, with an aver-
age of 4.3 per cent fat, from which was pro-

COLLEGE MOORE.

Produced 40t) lbs. biill,r in IJ moiillis.

COLLEGE BELLE 2n.

ProdiKid i\<.r //•>-. butt,- 1 hi I J moHlhs.

Dr.\i.-Pi Ki'osK Cows Ai Idw.v Ai.Kicri.nK ai. Coi.lki'.f.

A DUAL-PURPOSE BREED. 833

duced 355.1 lbs. butter; the net profit (not in-
cluding her calf) being $41.42. The roan Col-
lege Moore has produced 8,734.5 lbs. milk in
twelve months, showing an average test of 4.02
per cent fat, with a butter production of 409
lbs., yielding a net profit, not including calf, of
$37.57. These and other of the Iowa College
cows are producing and rearing some very fine
calves sired by the Scotch bull Courtier 125603,
bred by C. C. Norton, Corning, la., and sired by
Prince Bishop 67273 out of Sweet Charity 4th
by imp. Salamis 110075. Prof. Curtiss of this
station, who ranks as one of the best all-around
judges of live stock in the West at the present
time, personally selected in Scotland during the
summer of 1899, at Mr. Duthie's, the valuable
young bull Scotland's Crown, recently added to
the college herd. He states that some of the
younger cows in the herd bid fair to excel the
performances of the two above mentioned.

Figures from New York.— The thirteenth
annual report of the New York Agricultural
Experiment Station for the year 1894 contains
an interesting account of similar experiments
at Geneva. Seven different breeds were repre-
sented, and although there was but one Short-
horn cow in the herd (Spencer's Betsy 10th),
yet when pitted against special dairy breeds
she gave a good account of herself, as appeai-s
from the subjoined summary:

834 A HISTORY OF SHORT-HORN CATTLE.

The Short-horn stood at the head of the list in the matter of
relative cost of milk solids obtained, and stood second in the com-
putation showing relative actual profit from milk. She was third
in relative amount of milk produced.

In butter production the Short-horn ranked third with a total
of 305.1 lbs. ; the highest yield being 325.6 from the Guernseys.*

The Short-horn cow was fourth in rank in the matter of the
amount of butter obtained from each 100 lbs. of milk ; the figure in
her case standing at 5.04 as against 6.4 from the Jerseys.

From the Short-horn's milk an average of 1 lb. of butter
was made from each 19.84 lbs., as against 24.7 required in the case
of the Ayrshires and 26.6 lbs. in the case of the Holstein-Friesians.

The Short-horn was third in the matter of the average cost of
milk fat per pound produced ; this expense being in the case of the
Jerseys 16.13 cents. Guernseys 16.14 cents, Short-horn 16.18 cents;
the other breeds ranging from 19.06 to 20.47 cents.

The average cost per pound of the Short-horn butter was 15.15
as against 14.11 for the Jerseys and 14.15 for the Guernseys; the
Short-horn ranking third.

In the matter of the average profit derived per cow from selling
butter the Short-horn was again third, with a credit of $30.06 for
one period of lactation; figures for other breeds ranging from
$14.58 to $35.25.

In the amount of cream produced the Short-horn was third,
with 1,345 lbs. from one period of lactation ; the range of all the
breeds being from 916.5 for the lowest to 1,427.5 for the highest. In
the item of average cost of cream per quart the Short-horn stood
next to the Jerseys and Guernseys; also ranking third in the
average money value of cream produced.

In cheese production the Short-horn ranked first in the item of
profit, showing the lowest relative cost of production per pound.

It was claimed that the Short-horn was pro-
ducing a calf each year worth |5 more than
that from any other cow in the test.

The milking Short-horn is in evidence in

* In his valuable work, " American Dairying-." published by the Sanders
Publishing Company, Mr. H. B. Gurler, DeKalb, 111., gives the average
annual butter production of the 16,500.000 cows in the United States at 130
lbs. Dairy cows to show profit must produce upward of :00 lbs. biittar
per year. Upon this basis it will be obsorvod that this New York, aa well
as other official tests, prove the Short-horn's right to be classed among
those that can be profitably handled for dairy purposes.

A DUAL-PURPOSE BREED. 835

nearly every Northern State. Hundreds of
private tests might be presented in suhstantia-
tion of that statement; but the following will
serve as fair illustrations of the results being
obtained by practical farmers and dairymen:

Mra. Flora V. Sponccr, formorly of Now York but now of Pennsylvania,
whose herd supplied more cows for the Columbian dairy test than came
from any other one source, furnishes the following record of Short-hom
cows which she has owned :

Kittle Clyde (Vol. 13), 13,200 lbs. milk in eight months: CM lbs. of milk
In ten days, from which was made 33 lbs. of butter. Her dam, FUlpall,
gave GO lbs. of milk per day. Kittle Clay 2d produced 09 lbs. of milk In one
day. Cherry 11th produced (Jl lbs. of milk per day.

Lucy Ann (Vol. :ib) gave H,li4S^ lbs. of milk In forty-seven weeks, from
which was made 425.14 lbs. butter. In seven days she gave 280 lbs. 8 oz. of
milk, which produced 13.32 lbs. butter. Betsey 8th (Vol. 37) made 14.72 lbs.
butter In seven days.

FUlpall IGth, with her first calf, gave in a year G.OoC lbs. 8 oz. of milk,
from which was made 305.07 lbs. of butter. Mrs. Sp<-'ncer fetates that for
seven years she has not liad a matured cow with a smaller record than
3i)'-a lbs. milk per day, and the herd for three years averaged 4 per cent
butter- fat by the Babcock test. The cow Betsey of this herd made a pound
of cheese in the Columbian dairy test cheaper than any other cow of any
breed.

Mr. J. K. Innus. the enterprising proprietor of Glenside Farm. Granville
Center, Pa., owner oi the famous Columbian test cow Kittle Clay 4th. sup-
plies the following :

Luvia Clay, a daughter of Kittle Clay 3d, gave from May la. ISIO. to
April 0, 18%, 7,278.8 lbs. milk, which made 337 lbs. butter. This was wltli
her lirst calf. The next season she gave In seven days .108 lbs. of milk,
which made 13.85 lbs. butter.

Mamie Clay, tlaughter of Kittle Clay 4th, gave from June 1 to June .W.
1898, 1,175 lbs. milk, that carried an average of .3.9 percent butter-fat, after
having been in milk something ovi>r four months.

Nancy Leo gave during the month of June, 1898, 1,230 lbs. milk that
testt'd an average of 4 percent butter-fat, having been in milk since Feb.
27, IS'.t8.

Kittle Clover, a daughter of Kittle Clay 4th, gave during seven dajs in
18117, 20C.7 lbs. milk, carrying an average of 4.1 per cent butter-fat. This
was In her three-year-oUl form.

Margaretta Clay, granddaughter of Kittle Clay 3d. gave in thirty d.ijH
74(5 lbs. milk that test.Hl .in Jiverage of 4.2 per cent. This was with her tin*!
c.'ilf. and she h.id been In milk nior<> than t<'n months, calving about eight
wei'U« after the tent wan m.iile.

Hetsysth gave during ih> month of June. is;i-.i, l.liii lbs, milk, with .-in
average test of 3.7 p r e<'n!. Ii ivhig b«>en in milk »luc«> Marvli Ai. M.-v-
Ilower. a d.uighterof Roan Clay 4th. has given this year la fourtc«>n da,V!«
(".10.3 lbs. milk, with an average tost of 4 per cent buttor-fat. Kittle Sw«ot

836 A HISTORY OF SHORT-HORN CATTLE.

produced In fourteen days 420.8 lbs. milk, testing 3.9 per cent butter-fat.
This in her two-year-old form with first calf.

Superintendent May of Glenside says : " These tests were made with-
out any special preparation, the cows receiving- the usual care and feed
given the entire herd. We are now weighing the product and testing every
cow In the herd for an entire year, so that we shall soon have some twelve
months' records to present."

John Armstrong of Kingsbury Co., S. D., reports that in 1898 his sixteen
grade Short-horn cows averaged 6.O0O lbs. of milk, from which was made
an average of 301 lbs. 5 oz. of butter. Counting stock sold and pork pro-
duced ou skim-mllk the net Income per cow was $62.50. For 1899 the same
number of cows produced 101.477 lbs. mlik. which yieldcKi 5,077 lbs. of but-
ter, an average of 0.342 lbs. of milk and 317 lbs. 5 oz. of butter per cow. He
figures that these cows made him during the twelve months $70.47 net.

C. M. Clark of Walworth Co., Wis., reports that during the month of
December, 1898, his thirteen Short-horn cows and eight two and three-year-
old heifers produced 14,218 lbs. of milk; making an average of 33^ lbs. but-
ter per head for the mouth, which, for a winter production, indicates prof-
itable dairy capacity. The best of the bull calves raised by such cows are
sold at good prices for breeding purposes. The poorer ones are steered,
and Mr. Clark reports that his last lot of bullocks averaged 1,200 lbs. at
about twenty-four mouths old, and are worth six cents per pound. Mr.
Clark's cattle descend mainly from the Bates tribes, although he has re-
cently been using a Scotch-topped Bose of Sharon bull.

Polled Durhams. — The recent establishment
in the West of the type of cattle known as
"Polled Durhams" is a matter of interest to all
breeders of Short-horns. There are two varie-
ties of Polled Durhams — one of pure Short-horn
descent and the other tracing to the native
"muley" cows of the country crossed origi-
nally with registered Short-horn bulls. The
pure-bred Short-horns that have had the polled
characteristic suflBciently established to admit
them to the Polled Durham Herd Book are
classed as "double-standard" cattle, being eli-
gible to both the Short-horn and Polled Dur-
ham registries. A large proportion of these

A DUAL-PURPOSE BREED. 887

descend from the Gwynne cow Oakwood
Gwynne 4th, the Young Phyllis cow Mary Lou-
den and the White Rose bull Young Hamilton
114169. Oakwood Gwynne 4th had loose horns
or "scurs," and when bred to the 7th Duke of
Hillhurst 34221 droj^ped a pair of hornless roan
heifer calves, known as Nellie Gwynne and
Mollie Gwynne. (See Vol. XXXIII, page 728.)
Bred to Bright Eyes Duke 8th 31894 she
dropped the hornless red bull King of Kine
87412. The twin heifers were bred by C. :McC.
Reeve and the hornless bull by W. W. McNair,
both of Minneapolis, Minn. Mr. W. S. Miller
of Ohio, who had been endeavoring to develop
a type of polled cattle showing Short-horn
characteristics, bought these Gwynues and
made use of them in his breeding operations.
The bull Young Hamilton above mentioned,
that won the championship over all bulls com-
peting in the "general-purpose" class at the
Columbian Exposition, possessed great scale
and his blood has been freely used.

Some of the leading Polled Durham breeders
are now crossing their cows with well-iired
Scotch Short-horn bulls. As a rule stock of
this type possesses good size, and the cows
are often heavy milkers. They represent the
dual-purpose idea, and the absence of horns is
counted a distinct advantage. That the breed
owes its merit wholly to the Short-horn is

838 A HISTORY OF SHORT-HORN CATTLE.

freely admitted, and its success simply consti-
tutes another tribute to the efficacy of that
blood. The Polled Durham breeders have
maintained a National organization since 1889.
Under the presidency of Dr. William W. Crane,
Tippecanoe City, 0.. this has developed into an
influential association. Its Secretary, Mr. J. H.
Miller, Peru, Ind., is one of the most enthusi-
astic supporters of Polled Durham claims, and
has made sales for export to South America.

as 4

< .§•

CHAPTER XXIV.

THE LAMP OF EXPERIENCE.

We have now traced the growth of the breed
from an humble beginning in ancient North-
umbria to a place of imperial power in the
cattle trade of the civilized world. For nearly
a century it has existed as an improved and
well-established type. During that time it has
felt the impress of men of undoubted genius
and intellectual force. It has also endured the
blundering of those who had ability only as
destroyers of what others had created. Two
opposing forces are constantly at work. The
one constructive, the other subversive of all
progress; the one animated by a lofty ambition
to accomplish something for the uplifting of
the breed, the other moved only by sordid con-
sideration of present profit.

At the outset every man who enters the fm-
ternity that boasts so many illustrious names
should ponder well the real meaning of the
word breeder and endeavor to equip himself
thoroughly for the intelligent manipulation of
the plastic material with which he proposes to
work. Is he to make an honest eifort to emu-

(S39)

840 A HISTORY OF SHORT-HORN CATTLE.

late the example of the master builders of the
breed, or is he to drift aimlessly upon the tide
of some passing fashion, content to be a mere
peddler of pedigrees? Is Short-horn breeding
a business worthy of the best efforts of intell-
gent men, or is it simply a traffic in herd-book
certificates? Is there inspiration and a love
for original creative work to be found in the
great achievements of the past, or are there
only chains and shackles for those who engage
in the trade in this day and generation? The
closing century is not without its lessons bear-
ing upon these and kindred considerations, and
a few plainly stated deductions from the ex-
periences of those who have gone before may
be found helpful in examining the duties, re-
sponsibilities and privileges of those who have
the future of the Short-horn in their keeping.
What constitutes success?— It might ap-
pear at first blush that the auction block is the
one crucial test of success, but this is true only
when averages for a long series of years are
considered. The operations of powerful vested
financial interests occasionally rule the mar-
ket without special reference to intrinsic values.
Again many a splendid animal, many a grand
herd has failed to meet with adequate appre-
ciation because of lack of enterprise on the
part of the owner, or through the machinations
of those little souls who are either jealous of a

THE LAMP OF EXPERIENCE. 841

contemporary's success, or interested from sel-
fish motives in decrying the blood which his
neighbor has used. The Short-horn trade has
suffered incalculable damage from individuals
whose devotion to purely commercial consider-
ations was greater than their love for good
Short-horns. Frequently they knew little and
cared less about the individual merit of the
breed. A man possesses certain blood which
he insists is "bluer" than that flowing in the
veins of other Short-horns, and even while
loudest in his claims of superiority it often hap-
pens that the unfortunate animals in such mer-
cenary hands are descending to the lowest lev-
els of mediocrity from sheer neglect of the first
principles of good breeding and management.
Some years ago a few misguided individuals
undertook to "run a corner'' on such repre-
sentatives as were then in existence of certain
so-called ^' pure " tribes. They made a pretense
of insisting that these few animals were the
real "salt" of the Short-horn earth, and, as
such, valuable beyond compare. It mattered
not that the originator of those very families
had himself inlired his stock to the limit of
safety before he died, and that he would doubt-
less have been the flrst to protest against the
absurdity of tlie present procedure. Nevertlie-
less, people interested thtMusolves in the pro-
ject as a speculation. t)ne Western operator

842 A HISTORY OF SHORT-HORN CATTLE.

collected all of these "absolutelys" he could
secure; the result of the venture being that
within two years he was forced to destroy the
calves as fast as the wretched degenerates came
into the w^orld, and the sires and dams, with con-
stitutions ruined beyond repair, soon followed
their progeny to the shambles. It is scarcely
necessary to say that such an undertaking con-
sidered as a proposition in scientific breeding
was fore-doomed to failure, and yet in the face
of this and other examples of the impossibility
of maintaining inbred strains indefinitely, with-
out admixture of other blood, men are still
found willing for the sake of possible financial
profit to repeat, in this respect, the follies of
the past. There are cases on record where ped-
igree speculators, who have closed out their in-
terests in time, have gained some financial ad-
vantage, but such men were not breeders within
the real meaning of the term.

He only has made a genuine success of Short-
horn breeding who maintains or improves upon
the character of the animals received from
other hands.

In-breeding. — This is a two-edged sword. In
the hands of men who were adepts in its appli-
cation it brought about some of the great-
est successes known in Short-horn history. By
concentration of the blood of favorite animals
the distinctive types that have so largely domi-

THE LAMP OF EXPERIENCE. 843

nated the trade have been created. On the
other hand, over-indulgence in the practice has
proved the destruction of more than one family
of great original merit. Dealing with raw ma-
terials, as it were, the pioneer breeders were
able to reap the highest possible measure of
benefit from an appeal to the Bakewell prac-
tice, but a century of breeding within herd-
book lines has brought the Short-horns of the
present in such close rehitionships that what
was wise procedure in the early days would
now be the height of folly. What was once
heterogeneous in its composition has by the
operation of the pedigree registry sj'stem been
rendered homogeneous.

The fact that close breeding proved effective
many years ago in the hands of a few men of
rare capacity affords no justification whatever
for continued in-and-in breeding liy their suc-
cessors. Efforts have been made to enforce, as
a test of loyalty to some of these great breeders
of other days, opposition to the idea of resort-
ing in auy shape, form or manner to fresh
blood for the rejuvenation of cattle so de-
scended. It must l)e apparent to even the
dullest comprehension that this proposition is
not only illogical on its face, but is really the
most effective of all methods of destnning the
good work done by those who l)0(iuoathed stock
that had already been subjected to the severe

844 A HISTORY OF SHORT-HORN CATTLE.

test of long-continued blood concentration.
The Bates cattle in particular suffered exten-
sively from the operations of those who re-
sisted the idea of fresh crosses. Messrs. War-
field, Renick, Alexander, the Bedfords and
others obtained results outside of the " straight "
Bates line that surpassed the accomplishments
of such of their contemporaries as adhered
strictly to the "line." An unwillingness to
infuse other blood into the old Ivillerby and
Warlaby strains did not contribute to the
physical welfare of the cattle of Booth descent,
and at the Torr dispersion the outcrossed
strains were gladly bought at high prices to
revive the glories of the earlier days.*

Examining the record down to the present
day we tind a tendency to repeat the errors of
former years in the case of the families created
by Amos Cruickshank. In view of the fact that
this careful breeder freely conceded the desira-
bility of an outcross on his cattle prior to the
sale of liis herd, the contention of those who
are now insisting upon maintaining the "pur-
ity" of the Sittyton families finds no adequate
basis in reason or experience. James I. David-
son, who was for a number of years Mr. Cruick-
shank's representative in America, demon-

•In this connection it may be said that the major part of the Booth herd
was sold at auction a few years since by Mr. William Booth, executor of the
estate of his brother, the late T. C. Booth. The herd is again being revived
by Mr Richanl Booth, son of T. C, and Short-horns may still be seen in the
fine old pastures at Warlaby.

THE LAMP OF EXPERIENCE. 845

strated what could be done by the right kind
of an outcross when he introduced the blood of
Crown Prince of Athelstane 2d. Messrs. Potts
added to the vitality, as shown by increased
fertility, of one branch of the Sittyton Laven-
ders, by the use of a bull blending the blood of
imp. Duke of Richmond with a Young Mary
foundation. At Linwood Col. Harris was mak-
ing substantial progress at the time he gave up
breeding by the use of the Golden Drop and
Princess Alice blood. Evidence is to be had
from the operations of Mr. James J. Hill, the
late Col. T. S. Moberley and others, going to
show that a judicious intermingling of the
blood of other good Short-horns with that of
the' Scotch-bred stock will prove in the future
fruitful of better results than are promised by
a too rigid adherance to the prevailing fashion-
able line.

Touching this point the Hon. John Dryden, X
one of the earliest and best friends of the Sit-
tyton cattle in America, says:

For those who are interested in Cruickshank cattle to go on
blindly following pedigree as the most prominent thing in connec-
tion with the breeding of these cattle means, in my judgment,
vei-tain niin. We have seen this tried in several breeds of catlle
and horses before, and I know how much evil it has worked.
Whatever others may say, I know definitely that Mr. Cruick-
shank's own ideas were entirely contrary to that view. It would
have been of great advantage to those of us following in his foot-
steps to have had the crosses made by himself; they would then
have been accepted without question as the result of sound jud^- x/
meat. ^

846 A HISTORY OF SHORT-HORN CATTLE.

7^ My opinion is that Mi*. Cruickshank was right when he de-

cided that violent crosses on his cattle should be avoided. What
I mean by that is to take an exactly opposite type or style of pedi-
gree, the result of which is not ordinarily uniform mixing. Mr.
Cruickshank's theory was that to keep up the robustness of his
cattle and to give them additional strength of character an occa-
sional cow of somewhat different breeding should be used upon
which to cross one of his own bulls with the view of securing a
bull of somewhat different blood. If such outcross is to be re-
sorted to it should not be one of mere pedigree, but the animal
chosen should be sound and of robust constitution and having sim-
ilar characteristics to the Cruickshank cattle as developed by
their former proprietor. Further, it should be borne in mind that
Mr. Cruickshank's idea was not to produce fine-looking animals
when they were matured at from four to six years of age, but to
produce such animals as would mature if necessary at from one to
two and a half years. I notice that a good many show animals
which are talked about a great deal belong to the former class,
and while they are fine animals when at their maturity, they do
not at all possess the characteristics that Mr. Cruickshank sought
in his herd.

We have at the present day altogether too many imitators
among breeders of cattle. It seems to be the proper thing to pur-
sue the principle that is followed in a millinery shop, and every-
body tries to follow in the same line. They do not all succeed,
but because this color or that or this form or the other is fashion-
able nothing else will do on any account. Now it is a very easy
thing to follow fashion in pedigree, but a confessedly difficult
thing to do what all the great cattle-breeders of the past have
done, and produce not merely a pedigree but animals having
special characteristics and the power to give these to their de-
scendants.
^. Mr. Cruickshank never followed fashion either in pedigree or

upon any other point, but had his own sound common sense to
guide him. He knew what he wanted and he knew it when he
saw it, the result being that when he found among his own calves
the bull Champion of England he said to himself, without con-
sulting anyone else, '"That is what I am seeking for, and I shall
at once be bold enough to use him."' We all know the result. If
his brother, who was always inclined to follow fashion, had been
consulted Champion of England would never have been used,
and Mr. E. Cruickshank has often told me that if Amos had fol-
lowed his own judgment on previous occasions he would have

/

THE LxVMP OF EXPERIP:XCE. 847

used one or two bulls at an earlier date which would likely have
accomplished equally good results. The same thine may be said
of Bates and Booth. They followed their own judgment until we
find that all the world decided subsequently that their judgment
was right and they became leaders of fashion.

Those who notice the cattle sales of Great Britain will have
observed that most breeders there have judgments of their own.
T have often referred to this point in this country before and
have suggested that it would be a great blessing for our country
generally if our breeders had more definite convictions of their
own, with definite ideas of what they wanted to accomplish, and
worked along that line.

My opinion therefore is that if our Cruickshank breeders un-
dertake to follow pedigree merely and stick to the color craze of
red, the cattle are doomed ; it is only a matter of time, and I con- \^r
gratulate you upon the stand you have taken in this matter-
These little points as to the shape of the horn and the exact color
of the skin are really of no consequence when it comes to the use-
ful qualities of the animal. We all like to see these things and
they give added value to an animal, but a good animal should not
be thrown away simply because one horn turns a little too much
back, or otherwise.

As to the present situation in England in
reference to the Scotch cross, the following let-
ter to the author from one of Britain's oldest
and most conservative students of Short-horn
breeding, Mr. William Housman of Prospect
House, Distington, Cumberland, sounds a note
that is worth heeding :

Our breeders, as you must have observed, are very much at
variance in opinion uix)n the Scotch cross question. I think
myself the term '•Cruickshank blood," as commonly used, is too
narrow and too shallow, noither stretching far enough to comprise
the useful Scotch strains from outside Sittyton sources nor going
deep enough to include old Scotch blood derived from herds long
extinct, yet still in various measures influential. Yet Cruick-
shank is justly regarded as a groat name in Short-horn history.

For all that I do not care for the hoavings of the crowd to and
fro. " BtK)ms," you in America call the din raised one dav about

848 A HISTORY OF SHORT-HORN CATTLE.

this blood, another day about that. There is a bad want of
sobriety and stability of judgment in it all, to my poor way of
thinking. Looking at the matter in that aspect I have not a
strong desire to go much or often into the question of the merits
of this or the other cross the fashion of the day. However good
Booth, Bates, Cruickshank or any other " blood '' may be, there
are plenty of persons out of breath in their haste to make a mess
of their breeding through the indiscriminate use of it, and so to
discredit what one might fairly say in its favor.

A little steadiness is the best I have at the moment to suggest
as to the course for the future ; but it must be coupled with recog-
nition of merit, which I believe to be plentiful, outside the cover
of the very biggest names.

You will see that at our shows the Scotch and Scotch-cross Short-
horns are well to the front. This is a hard fact to answer. Still
it affords no good reason for crossing everything with Scotch
bulls, flooding the herds with that which may be eminently suit-
able in one case and as thoroughly unsuitable in another.

William Duthie of Collynie, clearly recognizes
the desirability of finding a suitable outcross
^ for the Sittyton tribes, and has recently pur-
chased in England several very grand cows of
naixed breeding, which he proposes to mate
with Cruickshank-bred sires with a view toward
introducing in a diluted form a dash of fresh
blood in the hope that something may be
gained in the way of size and style. Among
these cows we may mention Cowslip 26th, bred
by Lord Brougham and Vaux, a magnificent
cow of wonderful scale, symmetry and finish,
winner of many prizes in England ; Primrose
4th, bred by Mr. Scott of Softlaw, Kelso, winner
of first prize at Edinburgh, and of same breed-
ing as the great show cow Softlaw Rose; and
Lady Meredith, carrying the blood of the great

3^^"^^—"^

^

'i ^

^^B

i w. ■ ■■ P

. «

BAPTON PEARL.

lU-.ii hv J. />.<///, If////..

CICELY.

Shov.it by H.r MoJ.stY the ^ii,;>i.

Pki/k.-\Vinnim; Hkikkks af thk Ent-lish Kov.m. ok 1S90.

THE LAMP OF EXPERIE>X'E. 849

bull Rosario on top of a daughter of the worhVs
highest-priced buil, Duke of Connaught. The
latter has the character and "grand air" of the
Duchesses, accompanied by ample scale and
flesh. These cows are large and stylish with
good heads, necks and backs. Moreover they
are heavy milkers, and as they have been mated
with such bulls as Scottish Archer and Lord of
Fame the result of the cross is awaited with
much interest."^

It is a peculiar fact that while inbreeding
brought several of the greatest herds in Short-
horn history to their highest perfection it
proved difficult to hold them at the level at-
tained by the first appeal to that magic intlu-

♦Mr. Duthle was led to undertake tills experiment largely by tlie ap-
pearance of the beautiful roan heifer Sea Gem (bred by Mr. Duucombe),
champion female of the Koyal of 181t7 at Manchester; that was sired by
Liberator ((M2W) (bred at ColJynle and sold In dam to Mr. Wllllst out of Sea
Pearl, tr.-iclnpr In tlie maternal line to Fenolla by Mr. Bates' Sd Duke of
Northumberland (3<.47). Sea Gem was sold at auction at above 400 grulueas.
Further evidence of the Intent of Mr. Crulckshank's broad-minded suc-
cessor to leave nothing undone looking toward the perpetuation of the
merit of the Slttyton tribes is to be found In the fact that he has also tried
recently the handsome young bull Captain Inglewood. a son of theSlttyton-
bre<l Captain of tlie Guard, out of one of the famous Inglewood cows bred
by the late Robert Thompson of Penrith, whose successes at the English
Royal a number of years ago were amoug the greatest triumphs of the lat-
ter-day history of the breed in Britain.

Among tlie stock bulls used In recent years at CoUynle. in addition to
those already mentioned, have been the following: Pride of Morning
(tHMfi), a champion show bull, got by Star of Morning (MlfW). N«longlng to
tlie Slttyton ClIiuHr tribe; Count Artliur (TOl'.MKa white bull, brtnl liy Deane
Willis from Count Lavender (r,t)54.")l out of Victoria .'wth by Gondolier; Non-
pareil Victor (Titvn),al80 bred by Mr. Willis, sln-d by the champion bull
Count Victor ((5(5877)— that was sold to Soutli America at bOO guineas— out of
Nonpan-il Bloom by ConimtxIon> (541181, and Spicy Monarch, bnxl at t'ppor-
mlU from Spicy Robin ((a»«38). out of Alexamlrina 20th (own sister to
Messrs. Robblns" Gay Monarch) by William of Orauge.

850 A HISTORY OF SHORT-HORN CATTLE.

ence. Fortunatelj^ for the breed the loss of
merit in such cases has not been rapid. In the
hands of skillful men the inbred tribes con-
tinued to produce animals of extraordinary
value at frequent intervals. It is true, never-
theless, that the zenith of Bates, Booth, Renick
and Cruickshank success was attained in each
case before the men v\dio created the types
bearing those names laid down their work.
Their followers to this day are simply strug-
gling with the problem of how to sustain or re-
store an inbred type after it has once been in
full flower. All experience indicates that this
is a most perplexing problem. Happily, how-
ever, the great groups of families named re-
mained an honor to their creators for so many
years that they contributed largely to the gen-
eral welfare. Strongly-bred sires are usually
impressive; but when they impress inferiority
rather than actual merit, their prepotency be-
comes the strongest of all arguments against
their continued use.

Incestuous breeding should never be at-
^ tempted by a novice, and any concentration of
^ blood is of doubtful efficacy unless pronounced
vigor and constitution are possessed by the ani-
mals to be subjected to it.

As commonly understood by cattle-breeders,
in-and-in breeding is the term applied to the
mating of sires of certain tribes with females

THE LAMP OB^ EXPERIENCE. SOI

of the same tribes. The use of a continued
succession of sires of one tribe, or group of kin-
dred tribes, upon females of other maternal
origin is usually described as "line breeding."
This latter method of procedure gives rise to
stock characterized as Bates-topped, Booth-
topped, Cruickshank-topped, etc. Only such
cattle as descend in the maternal line from
cows bred at Kirklevington. Killerby. Warlaljy
or Sittyton are referred to as belonging respec-
tively to the Bates, Booth or Cruickshank tribes.
Cattle that trace to such cows through sires
carrying no admixture of blood from other
herds are described as "pure" Bates, "pure"
Booth or "pure" Cruickshank, as the case may
be, but few to wdiich such appellation correctly
applies are now living.

Herd-book registration. — In America regis-
trntion is limited to animals descended all
around from stock already of record. This ren-
ders it impossible to originate new families on
this side of the Atlantic no matter how long
the use of registered sires may be pursued. In
Great Britain the editing committee of Coates'
Herd Book has authority to admit animals hav-
ing in the case of bulls five crosses of registered
sires, and in the case of cows four crosses of
same. Care is of course taken l>efore admit-
ting stock under this latter rule to see that the
foundation cows were of good general Shoi-t-

852 A HISTORY OF SHORT-HORN CATTLE.

horn type. On account of the existence of this
English rule the American association requires
that English-bred cattle to be eligible for reg-
istry must trace in all their crosses to animals
recorded, or eligible to record, in the hrst
twenty volumes of Coates' Herd Book. The
twentieth volume of that record was issued in
1878.

While it is the well-settled policy of the
American management to oppose any re-
laxation of the herd-book rules, the fact re-
mains that some of the most valuable Short-
horns of the day in Great Britain are to be
found among those that have been bred into
Coates' Herd Book since 1873 under the four
and five-cross rule. This is particularly true
of that large and valuable contingent in the
English herds possessing rare merit for dairy
purposes. It is conceded that there are grave
objections to opening the door in America to
the creation of new families, and yet it is
possible that the time will come when long-
continued confinement within the limits of
stock descended from ancestors already of
record in the American Herd Book, and in the
first twenty volumes of the English may ren-
der it increasingly difficult to carry on the
work of improving the breed; especially when
choice of sires is still further narrowed by
the dictates of fashion in blood lines and color.

THE LAMP OF EXPERIENCE, 853

The elder Booth always maintained that three
or four crosses of the Killerby bulls on top of
good market cows of the Teeswater type gave
him animals which were, to all intents and pur-
poses, purely-bred Sliort-horns. that could be
relied upon to reproduce their own excellen-
cies. The breed has certainly held its own in
its native land with remarkal^le success and
persistency under a plan which admits of the
gradual infusion of the blood of new families.
It would seem, therefore, that the system under
which Coates' Herd Book is conducted has been
proved a success on the other side of the water.
The time may not yet be ripe for the intro-
duction of a similar method of registration in
this country, but food for reflection is certainly
found in the fact that a large percentage of
our best cattle are seen among the compai*a-
tively short-pedigreed tribes, and conversely
there is oftentimes a noticeable absence of
merit in animals representing families lioast-
ing an unbroken line of herd i)ook descent
extending back of the year 1800. All must
admit the desirability of a uniform standard
on both sides the Atlantic, and it is to be hoped
that some way of bringing the American and
English rules to a common basis may be found
in the near future.

Color. — Dame Fashion has much to answer
for in connection with Short-horn breeding in

854 A HISTORY OF SHORT-HORN CATTLE.

America. Not only has the fickle jade de-
manded the degradation of whole families of
good, well-bred cattle on insufhcient charges
affecting their pedigrees, but in the Western
States went so far as to dictate that red bulls
onl}^ should be used as sires. This latter prop-
osition really had its origin on the Western
range. Solid-colored bulls were preferred by
the ranchmen, and those who were breeding
for that trade naturall3^ catered to the wants
of their customers. This, in turn, affected the
choice of sires in herds that supplied stock
bulls to those who had a general farm and
range clientage. In vain did leading breeders
point out that this was a grave mistake, nar-
rowing still further a field of selection which
had already been curtailed by the operation of
fashion's laws in the matter of pedigree. In
vain was it pointed out that in Great Britain, the
home of the breed, the roan was the prevailing
popular color and that even white bulls were oc-
casionally used in the most famous herds. The
buyers of bulls for steer-getting purposes were
inexorable. A solid red, and worst of all (in
many cases) very dark red bulls, of the most
ordinar}^ character, were freely bought in pref-
erence to thicker, better, mellower roans, yel-
low-reds or reds with white markings. So gen-
eral was this demand at one time that it seemed
fairly suicidal for the owners of pedigreed herds

THE LAMP OF EXPERIENCE. 855

to use any other than red bulls. The pursuit
of this policy led to the sacrifice of many useful
cattle. There were not enough good reds of the
fashionable tribes to go around, so that the iu-
evital)le result was the use of many an indiffer-
ent sire for no better reason than the posses-
sion of a coat of hair and a pedigree certificate
that tickled the popular fancy — the prime es-
sentials of constitution and thrift often being
ignored in the mad race to obey the behests of
the fashion of the hour.

The more substantial element, however, op-
posed unceasingly this debasement of the breed
and stood out manfully for more rational meth-
ods, and in the course of time the red color
craze began to abate. Good roans can again be
disposed of at satisfactory prices. The general
preference is still for red bulls, but sensible
men do not carry their opposition to the lighter
colors to the extreme noted some years ago.
Indeed, both in the matter of color and fash-
ionable breeding there is a marked change in
the direction of reason and common sense to
be noted at tliis time; and in this fact there is
hope for the future.

Handling quality. — It is generally conceded
that feeding capacity is to a considerable ex-
tent indicated by the hide and hair. A soft
silky coat, assuming in winter a thick, furry
character, is always to be preferred to hair that

856 A HISTORY OF SHORT-HORN CATTLE.

is thin, coarse, wiry or harsh. The skin should
be of good thickness, not thin or "papery," as
that indicates delicacy of constitution. It
should be pliable to the touch, covering a mel-
low cushion of evenly-distributed flesh. Hard-
handling cattle of inferior fleshing capacity are
found more frequently among the dark-red
Short-horns than among those of other colors.
The roans and such reds as have yellow skins
are usually animals of better quality.

Constitution, character and conformation. —
Vigor must ever be a paramount consideration.
Without sound constitution there is no hope of
thrift or fertility. A pre-disposition to disease
is a fault fatal to all success or profit. Exces-
sive inbreeding and "pampering" for show are
among the prime causes of physical deteriora-
tion; leading to impaired vitality and fatty de-
generation.

The bull should be of positive masculine
type, with a strong head and horn. At matur-
ity he should be possessed of what is commonly
called "chai'acter"; a term which maybe briefly
defined as meaning "individuality." Weak
heads and countenances, of the negative sort
usually seen in steers, do not indicate in the
bull prepotency or the power to impress his
own likeness with uniformit}^ upon his prog-
eny. The neck should be thick and not too
long. The shoulders may be wide and well de-

THE LAMP OF EXPERIENCE. 857

veloped, but should not l^e too upright; neither
should they be too open at the "crops" — the
junction of the blades at the top. The ''chine"
— which includes the "crops" and the joining
of the fore-ribs— should be broad, round and
full. The back and loin should be wide and
well-furnished with flesh. The ribs ought to
be round and deep. A contracted heart-giiih
is decidedly objectionable. The hips of the
bull ought not to be so conspicuous as in the
cow. As strong shoulder development is to be
expected in the male, so in the female the hips
("hooks") will naturalh" find greater promi-
nence in order to provide the pelvic capacity
required by the demands of the functions of
maternity. The quarters should be long and
level; the "twist" — space between the thighs
— well filled, and the flanks and thighs carried
low.*

The Short-horns of the olden time were dis-
tinguished for their "table" backs and great
scale, but were often rather high from the
ground. The market demand for *' baby beef"
has induced latter-day breeders to seek a
shorter-legged, more compactly fashioned,
blockier type, such as feed to heavy weights
at an early age ; but it is to be hojied that in

•This description of course aiipUes rather to the bt^ef form than to the
dairy type. Where deep-mUkin*r capacity Is desired the full •twist" and
flanks will scarcely be present. The space which In ihe bt^f cow la here
occnple<l by flesh will In that case be required for udder development.

858 A HISTORY OF SHORT-HORN CATTLE.

pursuing this object scale will not be unduly
neglected.

The cow should be as distinctly feminine
about the head and neck as the bull is the
reverse. She should have what is often called
a "breedy" look, as distinguished from a
''steery" countenance. Retinement rather
than coarseness almost invariably character-
izes the head of a successful breeding cow.
This is what the Scotch herdsmen have in
mind when they speak of '' a lachj coo." Width
between the eyes is indicative of good feeding
quality in both sexes. Long, narrow heads are
objectionable. The incurving or dished face
may be permissible in the female, but it is
never suggestive of virility, and is not to be
sought in the bull. Roman noses are seldom
seen and are not in favor, although they are
almost invariably accompanied by unusual
vigor of constitution. The bulFs face should
l)e of good width from the eyes to the nostrils.
A fine muzzle is a sign of delicacy. Short-horn
noses are usually light and clear in color,
although occasionally black or clouded. The
latter, although not evidence of impure breed-
ing, are avoided as much as possible by careful
breeders. Such a minor point, however, as a
clouded nose will not deter a man of good
judgment from using an animal that is ex-
ceptionally desirable in vital particulars.

HKIFER CALK SHOWN BY W. T. MII-LKR <V SONS. OF INDIANA.

HKIKKK HKl.l) HV N. V. Cl.AKKK A I MKAUOW I. AWN.

brp:ed types as sik^vn hy ph(^to(;kai'hy

THE LAMP OF EXPERIENCE. 859

A generous middle signitie.s a good '"doer."
Excess! v^e paunchiness is a fault to be avoided,
but the highest results, either in the feed-lot or
in the dairy, are only possible where ample di-
gestive power is in evidence.

Primary points in management. — The
nearer Short-horns can be maintained under
natural conditions the better. Plenty of good
grass for the w^orking members of the herd and
an abundant supply of milk for the calves are
prime requisites. Pastures should never be
'"overworked" or grazed too closely in midsum-
mer. No one should undertake to keep more
cattle than can be carried with justice to the
available pasture lands. The blue grass, which
is .the mainstay of the cattle business in the
United States, makes little if any growth
through the hot summer months. It will often
be found wise practice to provide a supply of
succulent food for the herd during this period.
Fodder corn sown for this purpose will be
found a profitable crop in this connection.

During the winter reasonable shelter should
always be provided. Cattle can stand a low
degree of temperature when the weather is
clear and bright; but cold, wet storms subject
their constitutions to a test which careful
breeders will endeavor to avoid. Throughout
the Western States it is common practice to
stable the herds at nights during the coldest

860 A HISTORY OF SHORT-HORN CATTLE.

weather, but it is almost unanimously agreed
that ''housing" during the day is positively in-
jurious, except in the case of young calves or
animals very thin in flesh. Exercise and fresh
air are absolutely necessary for the health of
breeding stock. Close confinement in poorly-
ventilated stables is even worse than exposure
to the elements. Some breeders permit their
stock bulls to run with the herd, but this is not
the usual practice. The better plan is to pro-
vide a good box for the bull, opening into as
large a paddock as can be spared for this pur-
pose. A grassy lot, several acres in area, with
shade and water trough, ought to be arranged
for the bull's comfort in connection with his
stall.

Over considerable areas in the Central West
cattle can find the bulk of their feed in blue-
grass pastures up to Jan. 1, but the young
stock will require more or less grain in order
to insure their proper development. Short-
horn heifers that have been carried to matur-
ity upon a judicious ration will not require
much grain to maintain their condition as
cows, except perhaps in the case of those milk-
ing heavily. The young bulls after weaning
must be kept by themselves and receive spe-
cial care. It is more difficult to condition
a young bull than a heifer, and a lib-
eral ration of grain is required for the first

LAMP OF EXPERIENCE. 861

twelve months after he has been deprived of
his mother's milk. In the conditioning of
thin cows and young stock too much corn
should not be used. Ground oats, bran, a little
oil-cake, roots, shredded fodder, good grass,
hay, or even clean, bright straw may all be re-
sorted to with profit, and a mixture of the.se
feeds is always preferable to an exclusive use
of any one of them. Feeding, however, is an
art that cannot be taught from books. A ra-
tion that will suit one case will fail in another.
Not only the kinds but the amounts to be
given can only be satisfactorily determined by
a careful study of the individual peculiarities
of different animals.

To succeed in Short-horn breeding it is im-
portant that one have a genuine love for the
work. Both the owner and the herdsman
should find a keen delight in the company of
their cattle, and if on terms of intimacy with
favorite animals so much the better. Kind
treatment should at all times be enforced.
Young bulls are frequently rendered vicious
by injudicious punishment. All bulls over
twelve months old should have rings inserted
in their noses, so that they may be managed
with safety. An unruly bull should never be
used or tolerated unless of such outstanding
excellence that his services seem fairly indis-
pensable, and if proved positively dangerous

862 A HISTORY OF SHORT-HORN CATTLE.

should go the shambles at any cost. Human
life is more sacred than the welfare of any
herd.

Well-trained, reliable herdsmen are almost
beyond price when the owner cannot give the
cattle his own personal attention, and even in
that case the services of a competent helper
will be required. Experienced herdsmen are
perhaps more numerous in Great Britain than
in the United States, and many of Scotch and
English birth have been prominently identified
with the business in America. Unfortunately
Culshaws and Cuddys are rare even in the old
country. Men who consecrate their lives to
a mastery of the thousand details of successful
cattle management, men who anticipate every
want of the animals in their care, men who
know that unremitting attention means " good
luck," and neglect brings the reverse, are en-
titled to the highest considemtion and encour-
agement of all who have the interests of live-
stock improvement at heart. Short-horn his-
tory abounds in instances of rare devotion,
singleness of purpose and conscientious dis-
charge of duty on the part of those who have
been responsible for the welfare of different
herds. On the other hand there is a consider-
able element in the fraternity of herdsmen
that does not seem to realize the dignity of
this form of service. It is not only an honor-

5 i

< $•

THE LAMP OF EXPERIENCE. 863

able but a useful profession, in which fidelity
and skill will usually bring their own reward.

Does showing pay? — There is a wide differ-
ence of opinion among cattle-breeders on this
question, but it resolves itself finally into the
simple proposition of advertising. The light
that is hid under the half-bushel is never seen
from a distance. One is never certain that his
efforts at producing good cattle will be appre-
ciated in his own immediate neighborhood. A
market for surplus stock is a necessity, and
those who would seek the best class of trade
must reach out for it. It will certainly not
come to them unsolicited. Judicious advertis-
ing lies at the very foundation of all business
success, and he who ignores this fact will have
no one to blame but himself if he fails to
find a satisfactory market for his wares. No
amount of advertising will bring success unless
there is merit in what is offered for sale.
Given, therefore, a herd of cattle of really de-
sirable character and quality, some form of ad-
vertising must be resorted to if the owner pro-
poses to do justice to his own investment.

The show-yard and the public press are the
two main mediums of communication with the
public. Some have accomi)lisIied their object
by the use of one of these methods and some
by the other. Pulilic attention may be ac-
quired more ])romptly by an appeal to Ix^th.

864 A HISTORY OF SHORT-HORN CATTLE.

and this is the plan pursued by the more enter-
prising element. There is no denying the fact
that many a grand Short-horn has been ruined
for breeding purposes by long-continued train-
ing for show. Under the system of judging
that has been prevalent on both sides of the
water for half a century it has been idle to
exhibit cattle that were not heavily fed. Cat-
tle of delicate constitution quickly succumb to
this pressure and even the most rugged types
gradually give way under it. Injury from ex-
cessive feeding is greatest in the case of ma-
tured animals, and on this account the mana-
gers of our modern shows have modified their
requirements in the case of herds in such way
as to render it unnecessary to fit so many aged
cows as were formerly necessary. What is
known as the graded or "step-ladder" herd
simply calls for a bull two years old or over,
one cow three years old or over, one two-year-
old heifer, one yearling heifer and one heifer
calf. This is a change of distinct advantage to
the breeder.

So long as there are honors and fame to be
gained by these public contests there will be
found men to fit and show their stock. Men
will "seek the bubble reputation even at the
cannon's mouth." Cattle-breeders will not be
deterred from engaging in the great show-yard
battles by the mere possibility of injury or loss

THE LAMP OF EXPERIENCE. 865

to a certain proportion of the animals fitted.
As a general proposition feeding for show is
not only an expensive undertaking so far as
the immediate outlay is concerned, but is
clearly detrimental to the best interests of the
animals pressed into such service. At the same
time it seems essential, as a broad proposition,
that advantage be taken of the shows to dem-
onstrate continuously the feeding capabilities
of the breed; but this should ordinarily be left
to those who have the means and facilities for
carrying on the work fairly regardless of imme-
diate profit. We can only say in a general way
to those who contemplate showing that we ad-
vise the feeding and exhibition of young animals
of one's own breeding. It takes considerable
capital to engage successfully in the general
herd competitions, but any good breeder may
find it to his advantage to exhibit from tiuie to
time calves or yearlings illustrating his own
work. Young animals thus fitted are not nec-
essarily injured for the future. Young bulls
have to bo well "done" in any event until
they approach maturity, and as for the heifers
if they are settled to a service at from twenty
to twenty-four months of age and returned to
pasture after being shown, there is no reason
why they should fail to become thereafter reg-
ular breeders in the herd. Until show-yard
judges are content with loss fat it is certainly

866 A HISTORY OF SHORT-HORN CATTLE.

the part of wisdom for the average breeder to
limit his showing to j^oung cattle. This latter
practice we believe to be a very effective means
of bringing one's stock before the attention of
buyers.

Selling the surplus.— The matter of dis-
posing of surplus stock, touched upon in the
preceding paragraphs, is one of vital interest.
The manner of procedure will vary according
to the character of different herds. Those who
have purchased high-priced foundation stock,
representing the most fashionable bloods and
show-yard strains, will naturally make a bid
for the business of the leading professional
breeders. Those who contemplate breeding
from what are called " top'' cattle will find the
show-yard, the live-stock press and the art
pictorial all necessary factors in success. In
other w^ords, those who expect to supply high-
class bulls to head the best contemporary herds
must do whatever is necessary to demonstrate
their right to such desirable patronage. On
the other hand, those who establish themselves
with a view toward supplying young bulls to
farmers and ranchmen — who, as a rule, cannot
be expected to pay large prices — will not need
to incur so much expense in the matter of ad-
vertising. In considering the question of the
class of trade to be cultivated, breeders should
not overlook the fact that it costs but little

THE LAMP OF EXPERIENCE. 807

more to grow a Short-horn worth from $300 to
1500 than it does to mature one worth $100.
We are speaking, of course, of the mere ex-
pense of feeding and handling. As a general
proposition, therefore, quality rather than
quantity should be the aim.

The public sale system as a means of dispos-
ing of surplus stock has been popular among
stock-breeders from the earliest periods. In-
deed, it has many advantages both for the
buyer and seller. It enables a breeder in one
day to make a complete clearance of his sur-
plus for the entire year, relieving him of the
burden of much correspondence necessarily en-
tailed by a system of private sales. It is an
advantage to the buyer because he is given the
choice of a large number of animals of different
ages and sexes at a price representing the judg-
ment of his fellow breeders present. A fairly-
conducted auction is on this latter account a safe
place for a new beginner to make investments.
He has the satisfaction of knowing that he is
making his purchases at prices which are vir-
tually fixed by the breeders in attendance. As
a rule these auction sales of Short-horns are
conducted in absolute good faith. By-bidding,
the protection of the price of animals through
manipulation by the seller, has been effect-
ually discountenanced by the ado[)tion of a
high standard of business morality and prin-

868 A HISTORY OF SHORT-HORN CATTLE.

ciple in connection with the management of
most of these sales. Anything savoring of
frand in any shape, form or manner receives
such speedy condemnation that there is no en-
couragement for dishonesty.

About animal portraiture. — The illustra-
tions in this volume will afford a fair idea of
the progress that has been made in this line
since the days of ''The White Heifer That Trav-
eled." The reproductions used in this work
are mainly from drawings made by various ar-
tists of reputation on both sides the Atlantic.
Near the end may be seen some of the latest
work of the camera. It will be observed that
in the old-style pictures there is marked exag-
geration in the matter of over-refinement of
the extremeties, at the same time the pictures
give, in a general way, a correct idea as to the
main points of difference in the make-up of
animals representing the leading breed types.
Animal photography as applied specially to the
beef breeds of cattle may be said to be still in
its infancy, but substantial progress in that art
is being made. From this fact w^e are led to
indulge the hope that w^e may hand down to
future generations likenesses of present-day
cattle wdiich shall be more lifelike than our
delineations of the old-time celebrities.

Tribal designation. — This is a problem that
puzzles many new beginners in Short-horn

THE LAMP OF EXPERIENCE. 869

breeding. All who engage in the business are
anxious to acquire as quickly as possible a
knowledge which will enable them to deter-
mine the line of descent represented by any
given pedigree without having to undertake an
extended herd-book examination. In regard
to this we can only say there is no "short cut"
to this form of knowledge. The ability to
"read" at a glance any given pedigree only
comes as a result of years of herd-book re-
search.

The division of Short-horns into families or
tribes is purely arbitrary, and while the exist-
ing system of tribal nomenclature is perhaps
as convenient as any that could be devised,
yet, as has been pointed out on page 101 of this
volume, it is entirely misleading so far as con-
veying any adequate idea of the real blood
elements is concerned. The family names are
all derived from some one or more of the
ancestresses in the direct maternal line. Aside
from cattle belonging to the Bates. Booth and
Cruickshank tribes, our American families of
Short-horns usually bear the name of the
imported cow to which they trace on the
side of the dam. Those who study the his-
tory of Killerby. Warlaby, Kirklevington and
Sittyton will soon be able to recognize pedi-
grees running direct to those celebrated herds.
There are some cattle in the American Herd

808 A HISTORY OF SHORT-HORN CATTLK.

ciple in counection with the management of
most of these sales. Anything savoring of
fraud in any shape, form or manner receives
such speedy condemnation that there is no en-
couragement for dishonesty.

About animal portraiture. — The illustra-
tions in this volume will afford a fair idea of
the progress that has been made in this line
since the days of "The White Heifer That Trav-
eled." The reproductions used in this work
are mainly from drawings made by various ar-
tists of reputation on both sides the Atlantic.
Near the end may be seen some of the latest
work of the camera. It will be observed that
in the old-style pictures there is marked exag-
geration in the matter of over-refinement of
the extremeties, at the same time the pictures
give, in a general way. a correct idea as to the
main points of difference in the make-up of
animals representing the leading breed types.
Animal photography as applied specially to the
beef breeds of cattle may be said to be still in
its infancy, but substantial progress in that art
is being made. From this fact we are led to
indulge the hope that we may hand down to
future generations likenesses of present-day
cattle which shall be more lifelike than our
delineations of the old-time celebrities.

Tribal designation. — This is a problem that
puzzles many new beginners in Short-horn

THE LAMP OF EXPERIENCE. S69

breeding. All who engage in the business are
anxious to acquire as quickly as possible a
knowledge which will enable them to deter-
mine the line of descent represented by any
given pedigree without having to undertake an
extended herd-book examination. In regard
to this we can only say there is no "short cut"
to this form of knowledge. The ability to
"read" at a glance any given pedigree only
comes as a result of years of herd-book re-
search.

The division of Short-horns into families or
tribes is purely arbitrary, and while the exist-
ing system of tribal nomenclature is perhaps
as convenient as any that could be devised,
yet, as has been pointed out on page 101 of this
volume, it is entirely misleading so far as con-
veying any adequate idea of the real blood
elements is concerned. The family names are
all derived from some one or more of the
ancestresses in the direct maternal line. Aside
from cattle belonging to the Bates, Booth and
Cruickshank tribes, our American families of
Short-horns usually bear the name of the
imported cow to which they trace on the
side of the dam. Those who study the his-
tory of Killerby, Warlaby, Kirkleviugton and
Sittyton will soon be able to recognize pedi-
grees running direct to those celebrated herds.
There are some cattle in the American Hei-d

870 A HISTORY OF SHORT-nORN CATTLE.

Book, descended from cows recorded by Mr.
Allen in the early days, that do not trace
in the maternal line to any known imported
cow. Notwithstanding the fact that these
animals now present pedigrees showing a suc-
cession of registered sires entitling them to
rank as well-l)red Short-horns, the partisans of
the more fashionable sorts speak of them as
tracing to the '* American woods."

There is only one way of ascertaining defi-
nitely the blood actually present in any given
pedigree and that is by a complete tabulation
of it. Too much attention is ])aid by breeders
generally to these tribal distinctions. The
blood of the original animals that gave their
names to these various families w^as long ago
buried deep under subsequent crosses, and
while it is of course well to have a pedigree
soundly anchored at the base the "top " breed-
ing is of vastly greater relative importance.

Dignity of the breeder's calling. — The
sculptor lures from the solid marble images of
grace, beauty or strength that provoke the
plaudits of the w^orld. His contact with his
work is direct. In calling from stone the crea-
tures of his own conception the figures may be
shaped at will. A Phidias or a Canova lifts the
veil from his superb handiwork and gains a
place in the gallery of immortals. Compared
with him who has the power to conceive an

THE LAMP OF EXPERIENCE. 871

ideal animal form and call it into life through
a profound knowledge of Nature's intricate and
hidden laws, the greatest sculptor is a mere
mechanic. There is no higher form of art than
that which deals with the intelligent manipula-
tion of animal life; the modeling of living,
breathing creatures in accordance with the will
and purpose of a guiding mind. It rises in its
boundless possibilities to heights that are fairly
God-like. It sounds the depths of the pro-
foundest mysteries of physical existence, verg-
ing on the borders of the Infinite itself. The
world of human endeavor presents no nobler
field of action, no realm of thought demanding
a higher order of ability. And yet how many of
those who assume the responsibility of marring
or making these wondrous creations of flesh
and blood approach the work with any
adequate preparation or appreciation of the
real breadth and depth of the propositions with
which they will have to deal? It is not a task
to be lightly nndertaken, if one means to deal
fairly by the helpless forms confided to his
care. If w^e could but impress this thought in-
dellibly upon the minds of those who engage in
this most fascinating pursuit there would be
more noble creations and fewer wrecks along
the paths of the stock breeding of the future
than in the past. Failure to grasp the funda-
mental idea that the breeder's calling entails

872 A HISTORY OF SHORT-HORM CATTLE.

duties and responsibilities which no man can
conscientiously ignore lies at the bottom of
failures innumerable.

The future. — The dawn of the new century
presents a most attractive field for those wdio
undertake to conscientiously promote the best
interests of the Short-horn breed. We have
seen that at regular intervals men possessing
original creative power have made a world-
wide name and fame for themselves in this line
of work; but w^ith all due respect to what these
great minds have accomplished, it is folly to
say that all knowledge and skill in connection
with Short-horn breeding perished with them.
What has been done in the past can be repeated
in the future, but the triumphs of the twentieth
century await not those who are servile imita-
tors, but the worthy ones who have the neces-
sary courage to undertake the development
along independent lines of the tribes of Short-
horns which shall engage the attention of the
historians of the days to come.

Due

Jan]^'3r

'

^r-7/'3r

]?n:^l ':^

F&b Q ] ■■<^

/yy/

Feb28'38

s/

.iar7':^f

t > . -^

tWHrU'Sg

fartrw ^

AAf.'^.

hpf'---.i^

/

X.1al3l95i

'Lr

0

^i^nr ■

(|)

^■•^

IT-

I /

T'

FDHESTRY

AGRICULTURE

LIBRARY