THE SCAPHOPODA OF THE SIBOGA EXPEDITION

"'^■>

Sib o ga- Expeditie

LIV

THE

SCAPHOPODA OF THE SIBOGA EXPEDITION

TREATED TOGETHER WITH THE KNOWN INDO-PACIFIC SCAPHOPODA

BY

D". MARIA BOISSEVAIN

De Bilt (Utiecht)

With six plates and 39 textfigures

LATE E. J. BRILL
PUBLISHERS AND PRINTERS

LEYDEX — 1906

THE SCAPHOPODA OF THE SIBOGA EXPEDITION

TREATED TOGETHER WITH THE KNOWN INDO-PACIFIC SCAPHOPODA

BY

Dr. MARIA BOISSEVAIN,

De Bilt ( Utrecht j.

With six plates and 39 textfigures.

INTRODUCTION.

Dealing with the Scaphopods obtained during the cruise of H. M. S. "Siboga" in the
East Indian Archipelago, I have thought it practical to inchide at the same time the species
already known from that region. In doing this I have expanded the narrow geographical range
of the East Indian Archipelago to a wider field of exploration, marked by more natural limits.
The following region has therefore been adopted :

The East Indian Archipelago with New G u i n e a and the P h i 1 i p p i n e s ,
limited eastward by the East point of New Guinea at about a longitude of 150°, north and
southward by the tropics of Cancer and Capricorn. Westvvard, this region continues along the
south coast of As ia, including the China Sea, the Gul f of Siam, the Bay of
Bengal, the Arabian Sea with the Persian Gulf, the Red Sea, and the Indian
Ocean between the tropics up to the East coast of Africa.

From this region 59 species and 3 varieties of species had already previously been
described and 40 species and two varieties are now added by the Siboga Expedition, 36 of
which are new to science, and 2 varieties, while 4 species had already been reported from
other parts of the globe or were known in fossil state. Here follows a list of all the species
entered in this Report; those with an asterisk have not been obtained by the .Siboga.

SIBOGA-EXPEDIÏIE LIV. I

5477

*'Den ia lm m e lep ha n tin Ji»i .

"D. forniosiiiii.

D. aprinwn (shore).

D. apritium var. incolor nov. var.

D. interstriatuin (shore).

*'D. Letsonae.

^'D. hexagonum.

'^D. hexagonum var. sexcostatum.

D. mimcs nov. spec. 82 Metres.

'^D. psetidosexagonum.

*D. porcatzim.

*D. duodecimcostatum.

D. Michelottii nov. ree. spec. 4 1 i Metres.

*/?. Chcverti.

'^D. katowense.

*£). octangtilahivi .

D. javanuin (shore).

D. tubifornie nov. spec. 462 Metres.

D. oryx nov. spec. 2 1 6 Metres.

D. leucoryx nov. spec. 34 Metres.

'^ D. cancellahim.

"D. intercalatum.

'^'D. Macandrewi.

D. sinuosiiin nov. spec. 94 Metres.

D. robustum.

"D. Lcssoni.

D. pluricostahiin nov. spec. 141 Metres.

"D. deceincostatum.

D. tasinaniense. 216 Metres.

'^D. bisexangulatum.

D. Cookei 75 — 148 Metres.

D. paucicontortum nov. spec. 522 Metres.

D. transver sostriatuni nov. spec. 462 Metres.

'*D. Shoplandi.

D. inalayamwi nov. spec. 918 Metres.

D. sedecimcostatuiii nov. spec. 400 — 4000 M.

D. coinpressmsctihim nov. spec. 1570 Metres.

D. Martensi nov. spec. 1300 — 4391 Metres.

''D. clathratuni.

'^'D. multistriatum.

*D. Dclcheri.

*Dentalium variabile.

D. dispar. 54 Metres.
*/?. quadricostatitin.

D. dipsycha. 18 Metres.

D. quadrapicale (shore).

D. tetrapletirmn nov. spec. 9 Metres.

D. entalis var. indicutn nov. var. 41 i Metres.
*D. inagnijïaim.

D. profundorum 1301 Metres.

D. Htingerfordi. 275 Metres.

D. Sibogae nov. spec. 4 1 1 Metres.

D. aciciihim. 959 Metres.

D. usitatum. 918 — 1158 Metres.

D. actitissiiiniin. 918 — 1301 Metres.

D. subrectttin. 9 Metres.

D. carneum nov. spec. 918 Metres.

D. tricarinatniu nov. spec. 800 — 1886 M.

D. eburneion. 9 Metres.
*D. longitrorsuin.
*D. lactcuvi.

D. banale nov. spec. 918 Metres.
*D. bisinuatum.

D. stapes nov. spec. 462 Metres.

D. insolituDi. 450 — 918 Metres.

D. pachypleurtan n. sp. 1788 — 1886 Metres.

D. truncattim nov. spec. 397 Metres.

D. tracheatitni nov. spec. 600 — 1886 Metres.

D. seniitracheatuin nov. spec. 600 — 918 M.

D. subtorqtiattmi 90 Metres.

D. anulostun. 694 Metres.
*Z>. politum.

D. stenoschizïiin. 27 Metres and less.

D. tcmiijissum. 9 — 141 M.

Entalina quadrangttlaris nov. spec. 1300 M.

E. platamodes. 835 — 2798 Metres.
*E. inirifica.

E. cormtcopiae nov. spec. 959 Metres.
E. mcdiocarinata nov. spec. 397 Metres.
Siphonodentalium australasiae nov. spec. i 158

Metres.
*5. eboracense.

Cadulus dichelus.

C. ovalis nov. spec. 9 1 Metres.
*C. priojiofus.
*C. minutiis.

C. hexaschistus nov. spec. 835 Metres.

C. viagmis nov. .spec. 794 — 1301 Metres.

C. longilobatus nov. spec. 36 Metres.
*'C. simillitnus.
*C. euloides.
*'C. gadus.

* Cadïc hts clava tus.

C. colubridens. 1886 Metres.

C. virginalis nov. spec. 828 — 1886 Metres.

C. pseudolivi nov. spec. 1 1 5 8 Metres.
*C anguidens.

C. zonatus nov. spec. 310 — 2796 Metres.

C. ptilcherrimus nov. spec. 694 Metres.
'*C. singaporeiisis.

C. aórupto-mjïatus nov. spec. 330 Metres.
*'C. laevis.

Of the 59 species already known from our field of exploration 21 have been refound
by the Siboga. This proportionally small number is due to the fact that the Siboga collection
principally consists of deepsea forms, the greater part of which is new, while the shore forms
naturally better known to early investigators are only represented by a few forms. Thus, forms
like D. elephantimn)i, formosiou, bisexaiigulatum, octangulatum ^ hexagofiuin and many others
evidently of no unfrecjuent occurrence on the shores of the East Indian Archipelago cannot be
recorded by the Siboga; on the other hand 40 out of the 58 species obtained by the Siboga
are from the deepsea.

Nearly all the subgenera into which the Genus Dentaliiiin is divided are represented;
of two subgenera, untill now only known in fossil state, species have been found. The first is
Plagioglypta a very antique group with species principally occurring in the early mesozoic. The
second is Gadilina formerly held for one of the .Siphonodentalidae but which is now proved
to belong to the Dentalidae and is reported from the Tertiary of North Italy and Java. Some
species of other groups also bear a great resemblance to fossil species of the Italian Tertiaries.
Thus Entalina quadratigulis Boiss. is nearly allied to Dentalium tetragonum Brocchi, while one
species Dentalium Michelottii could be identified with the Italian fossil form.

Four species must be reported, occurring also in other parts of the earth. The first is
Dentalium stenoschizinii P. & .Sh. a coast form of no unfrequent occurrence, reported from
the West Indies.

The second is Dentalium teniiijissnm Mont. also a coast form, reported from the Mediter-
ranean. Though it may seem strange that these shallow water forms should be so widely
distributed, I do not believe that the case is doubtful.

The third is Entalina platamodes Watson. This is a deepsea form occurring also in the
deepsea of the West Indies, a fact which stands no more alone. The fouith is a variety of
Dentalitim entalis L., a species distributed over the northern parts of the eastern and western
Atlantic and a frequent shore form but also occurring in great depth. Our variety was dredged
at a depth of 4 1 i Metres.

To my regret I must add a short list of species of which I could not state with certainty,
whether they may not be identified with American forms. I have not been in the opportunity
of comparing types of those species with the -Siboga specimens and therefore must leave it to

the future to establish the truth about these forms. They are: Dentalitiiu transver sostriatiim
which bears a great resemblance to I). cardiiiis Dall a West Indian species, Dentalhivi carnai)ii,
greatly resembling D. inmimerabile Pilsbry & Sharp, and reported from Panama Bay and Lower
California and Cadttht.s hexaschistus resembhng Cadulus spectabilis Verrill, reported from the
Atlantic, east of New Jersey and near St. Vincent, W. Indies in 464 fms.

This Report only means to give a systematic outline of all the Scaphopods occurring
in the above defined area. For anatomical data I refer to the following list :

1825. Deshayes. Monographie du Genre Dentale. Métn. de Ia Soc. d'Hist. Nat. de Paris, II.

1856. Lacaze-Duthiers, H. Histoire de I'organisation et du developpement du Dentale. Annales d. Sc.

nat. Zoölogie, Tomé VI, p. 225 and p. 319.

1857. The .same. Tomé VII, p. i and p. 171.

1889. FOL, H. Sur {'anatomie microscopique du Dentale. Arch. de Zool. expér. et gén., Ser. 2, Tomé VII,

1889. p. 91.
1892. Plate, L. Über den Bau und die Verwandtschaftsbeziehungen der Solenoconchen. Zool. Jahrb.

Bd V, p. 301.
1892 — 94. SiMROTH, H. Scaphopoda. Bronn's KI. und Ordn. d. Tierreichs, Bd III, p. 356.

1894. Bemerkungen über die Morphologie der Scaphopoden. Zeitschrift f. Naturw., Bd LXVII, p. 239.

1898. Pelseneer, P. Recherches morphoiogiques et phylogénétiques sur les Mollusques archaiques.

Gand p. 58.
1903. BOISSEVAIN, M. Beitrage zur Anatomie und Histologie von Dentalmni. Jenaische Zeitschr., Bd XXXVIII,

N. T. XXXI.

I only want to call attention to the fact that many authors apply to the .shell the
terms dorsal and ventral contrary to the position of the living animal.
The tubular shell, open at both ends and posteriorly attenuated is
generally slightly curved. The outer or convex curve, answers
to the ventral, the inner o r concave curve to the dorsal
side of the livin^ animal. The figure shows the animal in its natural
position; anteriorly it bores itself into the mud or sand, inclining
on the ventral face.

My work has been greatly facilitated by the excellent Monograph on the Scaphopods of
Messrs Pilsbry & Sharp, published in the year 1897. I have foliowed this book in its general
outline, keeping with only few exceptions the same divisions and subdivisions. Also have I
made use of Mr. Pilsbry's translations when a diagnosis of a species was published in an other
language than English, and some of the keys with some slight alterations have been taken
from it. bi a few cases of long and well-known species I have saved myself the trouble of
controlling the long list of literature but have simply transcribed parts of it on the authority
of Mr. Pilsbry.

I want to thank Mr. E. A. Smitii for the kind assistance he gave me during my visit
at the Pritish Museum, a visit I shall always keep in grateful remembrance, and Mr. Sidney

F. Harmer for his kindness during- my stay at Cambridge and for afterwards sending some
of the desired type specimens for further investigation.

I must also thank Mr. Joübix, Director of the Mus. d'Hist. Nat. of Paris and Mr. Sacco
of the Palaeontological Museum of Torino for supplying me with material for comparison.

I am greatly indebted to Prof C. Ph. Sluiter for admitting me for my study to a part
of his Zoological Laboratory, for which kindness I here express my thanks.

Lastly I thank Prof Max Weber for trusting me with this collection of Scaphopods to
deal with and for the valuable assistance, good advice and great friendship he has rendered
me during my work.

SCAPHOPODA.

Shell tubular, open at both ends, attenuated at the posterior end, more or less curved,
the concave side dorsal.

I. Family DENTALIIDAE.

Width of the median tooth of the radula doublé its heig-ht. Tooth with an encirclinsf
epipodial sheath which is discontinuous, interrupted on the side next to the head. Shell greatest
in diameter at the oral opening.

II. Family SIPHONODENTALIIDAE.

Width of median tooth much less than doublé its length, generally less than the length.
Foot vermiform, capable of expansion into a terminal or subterminal rosette-like disk, not inter-
rupted dorsally. .Shell generally smooth, or if ribbed tri- or pentagonal, often inflated.

I. Family DENTALIIDAE.

Dentalium L. 1758.

The genus Dentalmm is <:oextensive with the famil)- Dentaliidae.

Key to subgenera.

I. Shell longitudinally ribbed or striated.

a. Number of the ribs near apex generally not exceeding 20 . Dentalüiin s. s. . p. 7

a Ribs more numerous, often a long slit on the convex side . Fissidentalmm . . p. 36

a". .Shell square at and near the apex Tesseracme . . . p. 39

a"'. .Shell finely striated near the apex, anteriorly quite smooth. Antalis, Graptacme. p. 43

II. No longitudinal sculpture. [^"^ 44

a. Shell triangular or subtriangular in section Gadilina. . . . p. 49

a^. Shell conspicuously laterally compressed BatJioxiphits . . p. 48

7

a'. Shell transversely ribbed, especially near the apex Plagioglypta. p. 55

a^. Small shells, extremely attenuated, or truncated with a small

accessory tube Episiphon . p. 46

o". Shell cylindric, smooth or with deeply incised growth lines; a

long slit on the convex side Fustiaria. . p- 58

a^ Shell cylindric, quite smooth, or with numerous low annular swellings. Laevidentalmvi. p. 5 i
a^\ Shell smooth, solid, slightly notched on the convex side with a

short supplemental tube Atttalis . . p. 43

Dentalium s. s. is divided into the following groups :

Dark green or strongly coloured species, with 8 — 17 strong ribs. Group oi D. elephantimcm.

Hexagonal at and near the apex Group of D. hexagomim.

Sevenribbed at and near the apex Group of D. kalowense.

Octagonal at and near the apex Group of D. octangtilatmn.

Six to fourteen-ribbed at and near the apex Group of D. bisexangulatum.

Fourteen to twenty-one ribs at and near the apex Group of D. sJioplandi.

Small forms, finely striated, often with alternating translucent

and opaque bands on the riblets Group of D. multistriatum.

Group of D. ELEPHANTINUM.

Shell solid, decidedly coloured, generally green, with 8 — 17 strong longitudinal ribs.
Ribs generally stronger on the concave side. Apex with or without notch.

I. Greatest diam. about Vo the total length.

a. Shell dark green, pale at apex with about 10 ribs elephantinum.

6.. Shell red, green and white with 13 — 16 strong ribs formosum.

II. Greatest diam. about \/i3 the length.
a. 8 — 13 longitudinal continuous ribs.

b interstitial sculpture weak aprmiDii.

b' secondary and small tertiary riblets interstriatutn.

a' . 1 7 ribs at apex Letsonae.

^) *i. Dentalhivt elephantinimi Linné. PI. I, hg. i.

1758. Dentaliuiii elephantinum Linné, Syst. Nat. (10): p. 7S5.

1766. Dentalium elephantinum Linné, Syst. Nat. (12), p. 1263.

1788. Dentalium elepliantinum Linné. Gmel. Syst. Nat. (13), p. 3736.

iSoi. Dentalium elephantinum Linné. Lam., Syst. An. s. Vert. p. 326.

18 18. Dentalium elephantinum Linné. Lam., Syst. An. s. Vert. p. 343.

1818. Dentalium elephantinum Linné. WooD, Index Testac, p. 1S3, N"^ 2.

1860. Dentalium elephantinum Linné. SOWERBV, Thes. Conch. III, p. 102, pi. 223, fig. 4.

i) Species marked with an asterisk have not been obtained by the Siboga.

8

1872. Dentaliuin clephantinuiit Linné. Reeve, Conch. Icon. XVIII, pi. i, fig. 5.

? Detitaliiini elepliantiniini Linné. Chenu, Illustr. Conchyl. pi. i, fig. 4 — 10.

? Dentaliuin elepliantinmn Linné. Hanlev, The shells of Linnaeus, p. 435.

.' Dentaliuin elephantinuin Linné. SüWERBY, The Genera of Shells, Zool. Journ. IV, p. 196,
Dentalium fig. i.
1897. Dentalium elephantinuin Linné. PiLSBRY & Sharp, Man. of Conch. vol. XVII, p. r,

pi. I, figs 1—7.
Not Dentaliuin elephantiiiuin Brocchi, Conch. Foss. Subapp. II, p. 260 (18 14).
Not Dentaliuin elepliantinuin Philippi, Enum. Moll. Sicil., I, p. 245.
Not Dentaliuin elephantiiiuin Deshayes, Mon. genre Dent. (1825).

Not Dentaliuin elephaiitinum Risso, Hist. Nat. Prodr. Eur. merid. IV, p. 399, 1826.
Dentaliuin arcuatum Gmel., Syst. Nat. (13), p. 3738 (1788).
Dentaliuin arcuatum Gmel., Anton, Verzeichniss d. Conchylien, p. 25 (1839).
\ Dentalium clephautiuin Born, Mus. Caes. Vindob, p. 431.
Dentaliuin recurvum Deshayes (by error ?) Mon. Dent. p. 30.
Dentalium stnatuiii (in part) Born, 1. c. p. 431.

Diagnosis. .Shell robust, the greatest diameter somewhat less than one-si.\th the length,
solid, strongly curved ; dark green, fading to white at the anal opening.
Sculpture, about 10 (9 — 11) strong, projecting rounded longitudinal ribs,
narrower than their intervals, which are concave, with one or several weak,
low riblets; growth striae delicate, inconspicuous. Aperture sub-circular, scarcely
oblique, modified by the ribs, especially on the concave side ; anal orifice
p. circular, its edge excavated within and slightlv notched excentricallv on the

Anterior aperture of convex side. Length 70, diaiTi. at aperture 11,5 X 11 mill., height of arch

D. elephaittinuin. -i, /t-, o ^ \

above chord 15,5 miU. (r. & bH.).
D istr i but i o n. Amboyna (Rumphius); Philippine Isl. ; Molluccas; Red Sea (Issel).

Remarks. This well known species of probably no unfrequent occurrence on the shores
of the East Indian Archipelago was not obtained by the Siboga Expedition. It is represented
in the collection of the Zoological Museum of Amsterdam by twelve fine specimens of which
eight have 10, two have 9 and two have i i ribs of these five have the apex excentricallv
notched either to the right or to the left. Of the remaining seven, four have perfectly round
apertures (of which two are relatively )oung individuals) while three have a slight supplemental
tube. In one specimen it forms a slight rim along the notched aperture as in I). ciitalis, in
the other two the projecting pipe, though short is round and the notch is only formed by the
outer layer of the shell.

Length of the longest individual 90, diameter at aperture 10 mill. All from the Molluccas.

*2. Dentalittin foriuositiii Adams & Reeve. PI. I, iig. 2.

1848. Dentalium formosiim Adams & Reeve, Zool H. M. S. .Samarang. Moll. p. 71, pi. 5, fig. \a, b.
1860. Dentalium formosum Adams & Reeve. SoWERBV, Thes. Conch. III, p. 102, pi. 223, fig. 2.
1872. Dentalium formosum Adams & Reeve, Conch. Icon. XVIII, pi. 2, fig. 7.
1897. Dentalium formosum Adams & Reeve. PiLSBRY & Sharp. Man. of Conch. vol. XVII,
p. 2, pi. I, figs 9 — I I.

Diagnosis. Shell robust, solid, cylindric, moderately curved. Sculplure of 13 — 16

strong rounded longitudinal ribs, becoming broader and flatter toward the anterior aperture and
separated by intervals as wide or nearly as wide as the ribs. Ribs as well as intervals micros-
copically reticulated by fine longitudinal and transverse raised lines, specially visible in young
shells and slightly roughening the shell's surface. Peristome a little dorso-ventrally compressed
rather thin-edged, undulated by the ribs; ribs interiorly hollow and strongest on the concave
margin. Colour very beautifully variegated with rosé, olive-green and white. Length 60, dorso-
ventral diam. 11, transverse diam. 12, diam. of apex 3,5 — 4 mill. Perforation of ape.x beginning
as a wide notch and continuing as a slit, with a variable length of 1—4 mill.
(Froni specimens in the Brit. Mus.).

Di str ib u ti o n. .Sooloo Archipelago, outside a coral reef near the city of Sooloo in
about 16 — 20 fms sandy mud. (Ad.\ms).

3. Dciitaluiin aprimtiu Linné. PI. I, fig. 3. PI. IV, fig. 2.

1766. Dentaliuiii aprinum Linné, Syst. Nat. (12), p. 1263.

1788. Dentalhiin aprinum Linné. Gmel., Syst. Nat. (13), p. 3736.

1818. Dentaliitin aprinum Linné. Lamarck, An. s. Vert. V, p. 343.

1825. Dcntalium aprinum Linné. Deshayes, Mém. Soc. Hist. Nat. Paris, VH, p. 35 i, pi. 16, fig. iS.

1860. Dentalium aprinum Linné. SOWERBY, Thes. Conch. III, p. 102, pi. 223, fig. 5, 6.

1872. Dentalium aprinum Linné, Conch. Icon. XVIII, pi i, fig. 2a, b.

? Dentalium aprinum Linné. Chenu, Illustr. Conch. p. 2, pi. i, fig. 11, 12.
1897. Dentalium aprinum Linné. Pilsbry & Sharp, Man. of Conch. vol. XVII, p. 3, pi. i,

figs S, 12, 14.
1839. Dcntalium caprinum Anton, Verzeichniss d. Conchylien, p. 25 (1S39).
1788. Dentalium striatulum Gmel., Syst. Nat. (13), p. 3738.
18 18. Dentalium striatulum Gmel. WOOD, Index test. p. 84, n" 4.

? Dentalium striatum (in part) Born, Test. Mus. Caes. Vindob. p. 431.
Not Dentalium aprinum Risso, Hist. Nat. Eur. Merid. IV, p. 399 (1826).
Not Dentalium aprinum Brocchi, Conch. Foss. Subappen. II, p. 264 (1814).
Not Dentalium aprinum Costa, Fauna Reg. Nap., p. 34, 1850) or other authors on Italian mollusks.

Stat. 33. Bay of Pidjot, Lombok. 22 Metres and less. Mud, coral and coralsand. i Spec.

Stat. 64. Djampeah. Up to 32 Metres. Coral, coralsand. i Spec.

Stat. 71. Makassar and surroundings. 24 — 28 Metres. Mud, sand with mud, coral. 5 Spec. juv.

Stat. 313. Kast of Dangar Besar, Saleh-bay. Up to t^ö Metres. Sand, coral and mud. i Spec.

Diagnosis. .Shell long, slender and well curved, the
diameter about one twelfth the length ; solid, glossy, pale green, /
usually somewhat lighter toward the anal end. Sculpture, 9 — 12
conspicuous but narrow rounded longitudinal ribs, separated by
much wider, flat, polished intervals, often parted by a faint median
riblet, and usually .showing numerous very slight longitudinal
striae; the ribs stronger on the concave side; growth striae
inconspicuous. Aperture circular; anal orifice very small and
circular, its edge crenated by the ribs; no slit. Length 70,

greatest diameter 6 mill.

SIBOGA-EXPEDITIE LIV.

Eig. 3. Anteviov apeitures

of D. aprhnim.

2

lO

Dis t rib u t i o n. Philippines, Molluccas.

Re mark s. A beautiful specimen was obtained at Stat. 33, with all the characteristics
of a typical D. apriiiutn. Length 85, greatest diameter 6 mill. Anal orifice with a very
slight notch.

The specimen of Stat. 313 is strongly curved like the one figured in Sowerby's Thes.
Conch. III, fig. 5 ; here the anal orifice is circular.

The specimens from Makassar and Djampeah are very much alike. I hold them for young
individuals. They measure 45 mill. and less and are characterised by being fragile, strongly
curved, and much attenuated. I hesitated at first before identifying them with the full-grown
solid specimens from the Zoological Museum of Amsterdam. Fig. 3 shows the anterior apertures
of some of the Siboga specimens. They show the same characters as a typical D. aprinuni :
on the concave side the ribs are stronger and the intervals more concave than on the convex
side. This is characteristic for all the species, included in this group.

Var. i)icolor n. v. PI. IV, figs 3, 4, 5, 6.

Stat. 133. Anchorage off Lirung, Salibabu-island. Mud and hard sand. 4 Spec.
Stat. 163. Anchorage near Seget, West-entrance Selee (Galewo) strait. Sand and stone, mixed
with mud. i Spec.

Fig. 4. Anteiior aperture of
-ö.' apritimn var. incolor with iS ribs.

Fig. 5. Anterior aperture of
D. apriiium var. incolor of Stat. Ij

Fig. 6. Anterior aperture of
D. üpri/nnn var. uicolor of Stat. 163.

Under this variety I include the specimens of Stat. 133 and 163. The specimens of
Stat. 133 can easily be recognised as belonging to D. apriiium. They only differ by their
absolute lack of the green colour which characterises that species. Near the apex the shell is
yellow, fading to ivory white near the anterior ajjerture, but of 4 specimens (none of them quite
fullgrown) one has 11, two have 12, one has 18 ribs. The latter number may be an abnormal
one, luit there is little doubt about identifying that specimen with the others of the same
station. (PI. IV, fig. 3).

The .single specimen of Stat. 163 (PI. IV, fig. 6) has a more doubtful character. It also
lacks the green colour of D. aprimiiii but is moreover straighter and by its lusterless appearance
looks rather like D. javamiiii. There are however 12 ribs, stronger on the concave side than
on the convex side, which fact reminds of D. apriiiuni, and indicates a nearer relationship to
that species. In the collection of the British Museum I also found some specimens of this
variety; they were labelled D. aprimini var. and included forms resembling specimens of Stat. 133
as well as of Stat. 16^.

II

4- Dentalhun interstriatiiDi Sowerby. PI. I, fig. 4. PI. IV, fig. i.

1S60. DentaliUDi interstriatum Sowerby, Thes. Conch. III, p. 102, pi. 223, fig. 7.

1872. Dentaliuin interstriatum Sowerby, Conch. Icon. XVIII, pi. 2, fig. 10.

1S97. Dentaliuin interstriatum Sowerby. PiLSBRV & Sharp, Man. of Conch. vol. XVII, p. 4,
pi. I, fig. 15.

Stat. 240. Banda. From 9 — 45 Metres. Black sand. Coral. 15 Spec.

Diagnosis. Shell long, slender and well curved, the greatest diameter from about
one twelfth to one seventeenth the length. Sculpture : at and near the
apex 8 to 9 narrow ribs; a little lower, at a distance of about 10 — 15 mill.
from the apex, secondary riblets arise, making a total number of ló to
18 equal rounded longitudinal ribs. Anteriorly the sculpture of different
specimens is subject to a great variability. In some specimens the 1 6 or pig. y. Anterior aperture
18 riblets remain consistent toward the anterior aperture, the intervals oi d. interstriatum.
either smooth or irregularly striate with small tertiary riblets, in others the secondary riblets
become more or less obsolete, while only the primary ones remain clearly visible toward the
end. Sculpture on the concave side strenger than on the convex side. Apex entire or with a
slight notch. Anterior aperture circular sometimes faintly laterally compressed. Colour yellowish
at the apex, fading to dark green toward the anterior aperture.

a. Leng^th 80, sfreatest diam. 6 mill.

b. Length 65, greatest diam. 5,8 mill.

Distribution. Bohol, Philippines, Amboina, Moluccas.

R e m a r k s. D. interstriatum resembles D. aprinuni, but the sculpture is decidedly different.

There are nine fine specimens in the Zool. Mus. of Amsterdam. All have the apex
entire, while of the 15 specimens obtained by the Siboga, two have a very slight notch.

Sowerby's diagnosis is here eiven ;

"Shell strongly arcuate, green, narrow; primary ribs about 10, with smaller ones in the
interstices; apex entire. Resembling D. aprimim but with numerous interstitial striae".

Mr. PiLSBRY having seen no authentic specimens of this species feit inclined to consider
it as a variety of D. aprinuin. Under the name of D. Letsonae he described a new species,
which after the description greatly resembles some specimens of D. interstriatum. To my great
regret I was not in the opportunity of comparing both species, and therefore dare not say
whether they can be identified.

*5. Dentalium Letsonae Sharp & Pilsbry. PI. I, fig. 5.

1S97. Dentaliuin Letsonae Pilsbry & Sharp, Manual of Conch. vol. XVII, p. 4, pi. i, fig. 13,
pi. 5, figs 66, ()-j, 68.

Diagnosis. Shell long and slender, the length about i 2 times greatest diameter, solid,
but rather thin, well and equally curved; pale green, with numerous indistinctly defined darker

12

zones. Sculpture, 17 longitudinal riblets at the apex, increasing to about 25 at aperture, rather
uneqiial in size and strength, but not conspicuously so, the smaller ones being intercalated
irregularly; all the main riblets rather wide and rounded, generally wider than the intervals;
the concave side as a whole with stronger sculpture than the convex side; growth striae faint.
Aperture slightly compressed laterally, not oblique. Anal orifice shortly ovate, the narrower end
toward the convex side; no slit or notch. Length 75, length of aperture 6, breadth 5,5 mill. ;
diam. of apex 2 mill.; height of arch from chord 13 mill.

Distr ibu t ion. Lsland of Bohol, Philippines.

Remarks. Messrs Pilsbry & Sharp add. : "With the color and general shape of D.
aprimim^ this species presents less prominent and man)- more longitudinal riblets, without tracé
of the definite arrangement seen in that species. It is not especially related to aprimitn except
being of a green color. The aperture is noteciably compressed from .side to side. The figures
on pi. 5 [(PI. I, fig. 5)] represent the sculpture at the apex and aperture, with an outline of
the latter".

Compare D. interstriaüun.

Group of D. HEXAGONUM.

Hexagonal or six-ribbed at and near the apex.

I. The whole shell decidedly hexagonal.

a. Intervals smooth or only with a few striae .... hexagomini^ scxcostatum^ iiiinus.
a . Intervals finely ribbed infercostaütin.

II. Shell hexagonal only at the top.

a. With secondary riblets, all ribs persistent toward aperture.

Length ± 45, greatest diam. 4 mill pseiidosexagonuni.

Length ± 20, greatest diam. 2,5 mill porcatum.

Leneth ±: 22, g-reatest diam. 2 mill duodecimcostatitm.

a' . A few secondary riblets, all ribs vanishing toward aperture. michcIoHii.

*6. Dentalinm hexagomim Gould. PI. I, fig. 14. PI. VI, fig. i.

1859. Dentalium hexagonuui Gould, Proc. Bost. Soc. N. H. VII.
? Dentalinin Iiexagonuin Gould, Otia Conch.

1860. DcntaliiiDi hexagonuiit Gould. SowERBY, Thes. Conch. III.
1872. Deiitaliiim hexagoniiui Gould, Conch. Icon.

1874. Dcntalumi hexagonum Gould. LiSCHKE, Jap. Meeres Conch III.

1897. Dentalium hexagomun Gould. PiLSBRY & Sharp, Manual of Conchology, vol. XVII,

p. 18, pi. 2, figs 20, 21 and var. 23, 24.
Not Dcntaliuin licxagoniini Sowerby.

Diagnosis. Shell white, solid, well-curved, hexagonal (by exception heptagonal) in

13

section, greatest diameter about one twelfth to one fourteenth the length. Sculpture, six equal,

strong, rounded longitudinal ribs, becoming a little broader and flatter toward

the aperture and separated by flat or slightly concave interstices. At a distance

of about 25 mill. from the apex there appears in the middle of each interval a

fine and inconspicuous, interstitial riblet. Lower down, some times two or three

or more small riblets are intercalated near the first. Apex entire, hexagonal ;

anterior aperture hexagonal, the sides flat or nearly so.

Length 50 mill.; greatest diameter 4 mill.

Fig. 8.
Anterior aperture
of D. hexagonum.

Gould's diagnosis is as follows : Shell long, slender, bony, arcuate, hexagonal with obtuse
laterally compressed angles, the interspaces unsculptured ; peristome .si.x-angled. Length 55,
diam. 4 mill.

Distribution; Hongkong, Singapore, Japan.

This species must not be confused with the West-American DcHtaliiiin neohexagonum
Sharp & Pilsbry, which in many collections goes under the name of Dentalium hexag07ium
Sowerby. D. jieohexagomim has a length of about 35 mill., with a greatest diam. of 2,5 mill.,
and sculptured with six strong rounded projecting ribs, losing in prominence on the larger part
of the shell, the anterior half being rounded or only faintly hexagonal.

Var. sexcostatiini Sowerby. PI. VI, fig. 2.

1860. Dentalium sexcostatiun Sowerby, Thes. Conch. III, p. 103, pi. 223, fig. ii.
1872. Dentalium sexcostatum Sowerby, Conch. Icon. pi. 2, fig. 11.

1875. Dentalium sexcostatum Sowerby. E. A. Smith, Ann. Mag. N.H. (5) XVI, p. 113.
1897. Dentalium hexagonum var. sexcostatum Sowerby. PiLSBRY & Sharp, Manual of Conch.
vol. XVII, p. 19, pi. 2, figs 27, 28.

Diagnosis. Shell slender, its smaller half well curved, larger half nearly straight;
white, sculpture of 6 very strongly projecting rounded ribs about half as wide as
their interstices; the latter on the smaller third of the shell concave and plain,
beyond that, one or two interstitial threads appear in each interval on the
convex side, and later in those on the concave side ; these increasing in number
until near the aperture there are 3 — 6 unequal threads on the flat ground of
each interval. Aperture hexagonal, the angles more or less projecting. Anal
orifice a minute ovate foramen, excentric in position on the star shaped apex;
no slit or notch. Length 62, breadth and length of aperture 5 mill.

Fig. 9.
Anterior aperture
of D. hexagonum
var. sexcostatum.

Distribution. Japan, Cape Shima, 18 fms; Goza harbor, 6 fms (St. John); China
(Sowerby).

Remarks. This difters from typical hexagonum in the more sculptured intervals, thicker
ribs and larger size, but we have little doubt that the forms intergrade (Pilsbry & Sharp).

No specimens were obtained by the Siboga Expedition.

14

7- Dentalium mintis n. sp. PI. VI, fig. 3.

Stat. 319. 6° i6'.5 S., 114° 37' E. Java Sea. 82 Metres. Fine, yellowish grey mud. 2 Spec.

Diagnosis. A markedly hexagonal shell, the ribs standing out like
fine marginating rods. Interstices flat, smooth with slight irregular growth-striae
only; no longitudinal sculpture, except the ribs. Shell substance rather fragile.
Anal orifice without notch or slit. Apex and anterior aperture hexagonal. Colour
Fig. 10. yellowish-white :

Anterior aperture Length 33 mill., diameter of aperture 2,3 mill.

of D. minus. ö O O ' V 'O

b. Length 25 mill., diameter of aperture 2,1 mill.

R e m a r k s. This elegant little hexagonal shell is smaller and more slender than D.
JiexagoHiiin. It has the size and curvature of the West- American D. neohexagotiiivi, but it is
easily distinguished by its fine marginating ribs, losing nothing in distinctness toward the
anterior aperture.

D. Picteti^ a hexagonal shell of doubtful West-Indian locality cannot be identified with
our species. Deshayes in his description mentions that the interstices are alternately marked
with translucent and opaque white, while the posterior orifice is somewhat bi-labiate, two facts
which prove that the forms are distinct.

8. Dentalium intercostatum n. sp. PI. VI, fig. 4.

Stat. 178. 2°4o'S., 128° 37'. 5 E. Ceram Sea. 835 Metres. Blue mud. i Spec.

Stat. 314. 7°36'S., 117° 30'. 8 E. Flores Sea. 694 Metres. Fine sandy mud. 2 Spec.

Diagnosis. Shell strongly curved at the top, the rest nearly straight ; sculpture of six
or seven sharply-edged ribs; the interstices concave and smooth near the apex,
but becoming flat toward the anterior aperture, with many longitudinal threadlike
riblets; the number of threads in each interval varies between 5 and 8, some
times there are some finer ones between. Growth .striae clearly visible, crossing
Fig. II. the longitudinal threads, fut far less conspicuous than those. Apex entire star-

Antenor aperture ghaped. Auterior aijerture hexagonal (or heptagonal), finely crenulated bv the

of D. intercostatum. ^ ' t:> \ V f> J^ )

riblets, a little jagged from fracture. Colour white or yellowish white:
a. Length 30 mill., greatest diameter 2,7 mill.
l). Length 23 mill., greatest diameter 2,2 mill.

*9. Deiitaliu7)i pseiidosexagonnin Deshayes. PI. I, fig. 10.

1825. Dentalium pseiidosexagoiiuiii Deshayes, Mem. Soc. Hist. Nat. Paris, II, p. 358, pi. 16,

fig. 14, 15, 16.

1860. Dentalium psendosexagonum Deshayes. SOWERBY, Thes. Conch. III, p. 103, pi. 224, fig. 34.

1872. Dentalium psendosexagonum Deshayes, Conch. Icon.

1877. Dentalium psendosexagonum Deshayes. Brazier, Proc. Linn. Soc. N. S. Wales, II, p. 56.

1897. Dentalium pseudosexagonum Deshayes. PlLSBRY & Sharp, Manual of Conch., vol. XVII,

p. 23, pi. 4, figs 47, 48.

15

Diagnosis. Shell cylindrical, subulate, somewhat curved, grayish-white, somewhat trans-
parent. At the apex there are 6 strongly projecting equidistant angles; between each of these
ribs a great many striae arise, covering the shell, and the primary ribs rapidly decrease and
disappear at the first fourth or third of the shell's length. Growth striae quite fine and often
regular. Length 45 — 50, greatest diameter 4 mill. (P. & Sh. from Desh.).

D ist ribu tio n. Alasbate, Philippines; W. Columbia (Sowb.); Cape York, near Albany I.
North Australia, 11 fms; Darnley I., Torres Straits, 30 fms (Chevert Exp.) (F. & Sh.).

This species is six-ribbed near the apex, finely striated below, as Mr Sowerby expresses
it. The specimens before me have very fine threadlike ribs ; the number of ribs in all are from
24 to 25, and at or near the apex 6. Shell thin, white, slightly arched (Brazier).

Mssrs PiLSBRY and Sharp think it very probable that "W. Columbia", cited by Sowerby
as a locality for this species refers to specimens of D. oerstedii Mörch from the Panamic Province.

No specimens were obtained by the Siboga Expedition.

*io. Dcntaiuini duodecinicostatitin Brazier.

1877. Dentalmm diiodecwicostatnui Brazier, Proc. Lin. Soc. N. S. Wales II, p. 56.

1897. Denialiuin duodeciuicostatuiii Brazier. Pn.SBRV & Sharp, Man. of Conch., vol. XVII, p. 13.

Diagnosis. Shell straight, white, thin, shining, smooth, six-sided, having two longitudinal
rounded ribs, one on the edge of each square, from the center between the interstices one fine
rib extending to the base, making in all 12 ribs; apex tapering, entire with minute perforation ;
aperture large. Length 22 mill, diam. of apex 0,5, base 2 mill. (Braz.).

D istribu tion. Darnley Island, Torres Straits, 30 fms. sandy mud (Chevert PIxp.).

Remarks. Brazier adds: Only one specimen found. It differs from anything at present
known. The shell is six-sided, the base with twelve ribs, and from the center to the apex six,
with the interstices smooth.

*ii. DentaliiiDi porcatum Gould. PI. I, fig. 15.

1859. Dentaliuni porcatuiii Gould, Proc. Bost. Soc. N. H. VII, p. 166.

? Dentallum porcatum Gould, Otia Conch.

1872. Dentallum porcatum Gould. SOWERBV, Conch. XVIII, pi. 7, fig. 47.

1897. Dentallum porcatum Gould. PiLSBRY & Sharp, Man. of Conch., vol. XVII, p. 15,
pi. 6, fig. 80.

Diagnosis. Shell moderately curved, white, more or less ruddy at the apex six-ribbed
at apex, secondary riblets appearing first on the convex side, afterwards on the concave side,
increasing to 20 at the anterior aperture. Interstices microscopically longitudinally striated. Apex
with a short supplemental tube. Length 20, diam. 2,5 mill.

Dist ribu tion. Hongkong Harbor, China (N. P. E.xpl. Exp.) Karachi (Mei.v. & Sx.).

i6

12. De7italium Michelottii Hoernes nov. ree. .spec. PI. V, fig. 23, 24.

1S56. Dentaliiim Michelottii Hoernes, Foss. Moll. tert. Beek. Wien, p. 654, fig. 84, 85, 86.
1897. Dentalium Michelottii Hoernes. Sacco, I Moll. d. terr. terz del Piemonte e della Liguria,
Parte XXII, p. 96, Tav. VII, figs. 84, 83, 86.

Stat. 159. 0°59'.i S., 129° 48'. 8 E. 411 Metres. Coarse sand. 2 Spec.

Diagnosis. Sliell long, attenuated, not much curved, white and shining. Hexagonal
at the top, anteriorly smooth and rounded. Sculpture of 6 sharp ribs vanishing totally before
the shell's second half. None or a ver)' weak interstitial thread appear at some distance from
the top in the interstices. Second half of the shell's surface smooth, very brilliant with faint
superficial growth striae, perfectly round in section. Apex entire, hexagonal. Anterior aperture
rounded, rather oblique.
Length 68 niill. ; greatest diameter 3,5 mill.

Distributie n. Tertiary Basin of Vienna, Tertiary Strata of Italy.

Remarks. Due to the kindness of Prof. Sacco, of sending over from the Torino Museum
a specimen of D. Michelottii^ I was able to compare the fossil form with the Siboga types. After
comparison, little doubt is left, that both forms are identical. Hoernes and Michelotti were the
first to distinguish the fossil shell properly. It was known to them from the Basin of Vienna;
afterwards many authors have reported it from the tertiary strata of Italy. Sacco describes some
specimens from the Tertiary (lower miocene) of Piedmont and Liguria, where it seems to be
rather frequent. He distinguishes the following varieties : intercosticellata, rotit^idtilina^ rottmdo-
siviplex, costtdatior , costulatissima.

Group of D. katowense.

Small species, seven-ribbed at apex.

I. Interstices with fine riblets, length 14 mill. 10 times the diam - cheverti.

II. Interstices subdivided by secondary riblets and finely longitudinally striated.

Length 14 mill. 7 times the diam katoivense.

*i3. Dentalitim Katowense Brazier.

1877. Deiitalinin Katoivense Brazier, Proc. Linn. Soc. N. S. Wales II, p. 56.

1897. DentaliHDi Katowense Brazier. PlLSBRY & SliARP, Man. of Conch. vol. XVII, p. 9.

Diagnosis. Shell white, thin, transparent, slightly arched near the apex; 7-ribbed,
from the center to the base 14, those above being most conspicuous; interstices with minute
lengthened striae; apex thickened; perforation small, entire; aperture circular. (Brazier).
Length 14; diam. of apex i; base 2 mill.

D i s tr i bu ti o n. Katow, New Guinea 8 fathoms, sandy mud and coral (Chevert Exp.).

Remarks. Brazier adds: A white species with 14 i-ibs on the base, having 7 at the
apex more defined.

17

*I4. Dentalmni Chevcrti Sharp & Pilsbry.

1877. Dcntaliuin scptciiuostatutn Braz., Proc. Linn. Soc. N. S. Wales, II, p. 57.

(Not D. septemcostatmn Abich 1859).
1897. Dentalium Chcverii Pilsbry & Sharp, Manual of Coiich., vol. XVII, p. 9.

Diagnosis. Shell white, slightly arched, 7-ribbed, ribs somewhat sharp, having finer
ones between, e.Ktending froni the base to the center, interstices with fine transverse silk-like
striae; apex perforated, perforation with a minute notch-hke fissure on the dorsal margin;
aperture circular, entire. Length 14, diam. apex 0,5; base 1,5 milL (P. & Sh. from Br.vz.).

Dis tr ibu t i on. Evans" Bay, Cape York, North AustraHa. 6 fins sand (Chevert Exp.).

Group of D. OCTANGUL.\TUM.

Octagonal or eight-ribbed at and near the apex.

I. The whole shell decidedly octagonal.

a. 8 — 9 strong ribs at the apex, becoming lower and more obtuse toward

aperture. Length 50 mill. lo times the diam octangnlatum.

a' . 8 strong prominent narrow ribs. Length 50 — 80 mill. 12 times the diam. javamiin.
a" . 8 marginating narrow ribs. Length 45 mill. 15 times the diam. . . tnbifonne.
II. Shell eight-ribbed only at the top; interstices subdivided by secondary and
tertiary riblets.

Greatest diam. about Vi;, the length oryx^ leiicoryx.

Greatest diam. about Vu the length cancellatuin.

*i5. Dentalium octangidatiun Donovan. PI. I, fig. 8. PI. IV, figs 8, 9.

1803. Dcntaliuin octangulatitiu Donovan, Nat. hist. Brit. Shells V, pi. 162 (quoted octangulinn
by TURTON.

18 18. Dentalium octogonuni Lamarck, An. s. Yert. V, p. 344.

1819. Dentalium striatulum (in part) Turton, Conch. Dict. Brit. Is. p. 352, pi. 16, fig. 5, 6.
? Dentalium apriniim Mawe, Linn. Syst. Conch. pi. 33, fig. i (not of LiNNÉ).

1825. Dentalium octogonum Lamarck. Deshayes, Mem. Soc. Hist. Nat. Paris, II, p. 352,

pi. 16, figs 5, 6.
1841. Dentalium octogonum Lamarck, Delessert Ree. de Coq., pi. i, fig. i.

? Dentalium octogonum Lamarck. Chenu, Illustr. Conchyl. I, p. 5, pi. i, fig. 21 — 23.
1860. Dentalium octogonum Lamarck. SOWERBV, Thes. Conch. III, p. 102, pi. 223, fig. 9.
1872. Dentalium octogonum Lamarck, Conch. Syst. II, pi. 36, fig. 8.

1874. Dentalium octogonum Lamarck. LiSCHKE, Jap. Meeres Conch, II, p. 103, III, p. 75,
pi. 5, figs 1—3.
? Dentalium octogonum Lamarck. DUNKER, Index AIoll. Mar. Jap., p. L53.

1877. Dentalium octogonum Lamarck. Brazier, Proc. Linn. Soc. N. S. Wales II, p. 55.

1878. Dentalium octagonum Angas, Proc. Z. S. p. 868.

1897. Dentalium octangnlatum Donovan. PiLSBRY & Sharp, Man. of Conch., vol. XVII, p. 16,

pi. 2, figs 16, 17, 18, 22.
Not D. octagonum Costa, Fauna Reg. Nap. Dent. p. 19, pi. i, fig. 6 (1850).

SIBOGA-EXPEDITIE LIV. 3

i8

Diagnosis. Sliell rather slender, the length about lo times the greatest diameter,

well cLirved, white or bkiish white; nearly
lusterless or shining. Sculpture 8 (rarely 9)
longitudinal rounded ribs, extremely strong
and prominent toward the smaller end,
often lower toward the aperture, parted

Fig. 12. The anteriorapertures of three different specimens of/?. <.,tó«i'«/<,/,»«. Y)y decp COncave intCrvals, SmOOth in the

young, but usually with several or many unequal longitudinal striae in adult specimens at least
toward the larger end; growth-lines slight. Aperture somewhat oblique, octagonal, a trifle longer
than wide. Anal orifice minute, a little channelled on the convex side but without a slit.
Length 50, greatest diam. 5, least i mill.
Length 52, greatest diam. 5,3, least 0,8 mill. (P. & Sh.).

Distri bu ti o n. China Sea (authors); Japan, Nagasaki and Bay of Jeddo (Lischke);
Hakodate (Schrenck); Kii coast (Stearns); Ceylon (Tennent); N. Australia at Cape York,
Princess Charlotte Bay, Katow, New-Guinea, Darnley Island, Torres Strait (Chevert Exped.);
generally distr. from Bushire to Karachi (Melv. & St.).

To this diagnosis Messr Pilsbry and Sharp add: "Out of 32 specimens before us from
Japan, 2 have nine equal and equidistant ribs and in another one rib is replaced by two
contiguous smaller ones. The young are much more curved than adults ; and in the latter the
larger half of the length is scarcely arcuate. The number of the ribs is practically the chief
character separating this from £). scxcostatuin.

In some specimens the primary ribs become much lower toward the aperture, which,
while still octagonal, has the angles rounded off, not projecting as in the typical form".

No specimens were obtained by the Siboga Expedition.

16. Dcntaliiun javamiin Sowerby. PI. I, fig. 6. PI. IV, fig. 7.

1860. Dciitaliuin javanuin Sowerby, Thes. Conch. III, p. 102, pi. 223, fig. 12.

1872. Dentaliiim javamiin Sowerby, Conch. Icon. XVIII, pi. 3, fig. 14.

1886. Dentaüum javanum Sowerby. Watson, Chall. Rep., p. 12.

1897. Dcntaliuiii javanum Sowerby. PiLSBRV & Siiarp, Man. of Conch., vol. XVII, p. 4,
pi. 4, fig. 49.

Stat. 162. Between Loslos and Broken islands. West coast of Salawatti. iS Metres. Coarse

and fine sand with clay and shells. 4 Spec.
Stat. 33. Bay of Pidjot, Lombok. 20 Metres. Coralsand.

Diagnosis. A large shell, well curved, the length about 10 to 13
times the diameter, tawny and nearly lusterless. Sculpture of eight longitudinal
prominent ribs separated by flat or slightly concave intervals. Intervals smooth
with slight growth striae only. Aperture rather oblique, dorso-ventral diameter a
trifle longer than the transverse diameter. Apex entire, anal orifice rather wide.
Peristome thin, the ribs internally excavated, specially on the concave curve.

Fig- 13-
Anterior apeituie
of D. javainim.

19

Length 78 mill., dorso-ventral diameter 6 mill.: transverse diameter 5,5 mill.
Length 82 mill., dorso-ventral diameter 7 mill.; transverse diameter 6,5 mill.

Sowerby's diagnosis is as foUows: Shell strongly arcuate, pale tawny or greenish, angulated
by 8 ribs, the interstices wide and flat; apical slit small. Differing from D. apritmtn in having
8 instead of 10 ribs, with broad flat surfaces between.
Length 77, greatest diam. 7 mill.
Length 48, greatest diam. 3,6 mill.

Distr ibu t i on. Java, Malacca (SowB.); Torres Strait; Cape York 3 — 11 fms; Wednesday
Island, 8 fms West of Cape York, south of New Guinea, 28 fms; (Challenger). Karachi
(Melv. & St.).

Remarks. The shell of D. javammi is less solid than o{ D. octangulatuin. It is more
slender, longer and the ribs are narrovver and more raised than in octangulaUun.

Dcntalümt filostmi Broderip & Sowerby (1830 — 32, Zool. Journ. V, p. 48) is probably
an extinct name for what may have been D. javaimm. Here follows the diagnosis:

"Shell slender, thin, white; with 8 longitudinal threads, and very close transverse striae.
Leno-th 65, diam. 5 mill. Tenasserim on shore. Distinguished from D. ocfogonuin by its much
more slender shape and its thinner shell. Instead of the eight angles of that species it has
eight distinct raised longitudinal threads. Three specimens of this fine species were lately brought
to England by Mr Hav, who himself picked them up on the coast of Tenasserim".

This insufficiënt description without figure makes it impossible to identify the form with
certaint)-. The type is not in the British Museum.

17. Dentalium tubiforiuc n. sp. PI. VI, fig. 5.

Stat. 159. o°59'.iS., 129° 48.8 E. 411 Metres. Coarse sand. i Spec.

Stat. 212. 5°54'.5S., 120° 19'. 2 E. 462 Metres. Fine grey and green mud. i Spec.

Diagnosis. Shell well curved, tapering in the young individual, but in the older specimen
keeping nearly the same diameter over the longest part of the .shell. Eight-ribbed, the ribs
sharply cut at the top, anteriorly rounded, but ver)^ narrow, standing out like marginating rods.
Beautifully transversely striated the striae cancellating the ribs, so that it can be feit by rubbing
one's nail over the ribs. Interspaces deeply concave at the top, flat toward the anterior
aperture, with some inconspicuous longitudinal threads, giving together with the transverse striae
a reticulated appearance to the .shell's .surface (seen under a lens). In both specimens obtained
by the Siboga, the apex is broken in rather a peculiar way. Over a small distance the ventral
wall has disappeared and only the thick-walled dorsal side remains visible. Probably the apex in
perfect specimens is simple, with a thickened dorsal wall and a very thin ventral wall. Peristome
octagonal, the sides flat, the angles faintly raised.

a. Length 45 mill., greatest diam. 3 mill.

b. Length 25 mill., greatest diam. 2 mill. (young).

Colour white or with a dark brown deposit at the anterior end.

20

Remarks. In the older specimen the sculpture is not so clearly visible as in the
younger one. The chalky and dark brown deposit in the oldest specimen renders the cancellated
character less striking, even quite invisible on some parts. Both specimens show an extremely
deep circular incision where a breken peristome lias been repaired.

D. hibiforiiie is much finer cancellated than D. cancellatiun and there are no secondary
riblets as in that species.

*i8. Dcntalium cancellatum Sowerby. PI. I, fig. i6.

1860. Dentaliuui canccllatuin Sowerby, Thes. Conch. III, p. loi, pi. 224, fig. 36.

1872. Dentalium cancellatum Sowerby, Conch. Icon. XVIII, pi. 5, fig. 29.

1897. Dentaliuin cancellatum Sowerby. PlLSBRi' & Sharp, Man. of Conch., vol. XVII, p. 30,
pi. 10, fig. 67.

Diagnosis. Shell thin, white, acuminate, strongly curved towards the apex, where it is
cancellated b}^ about 8 longitudinal ribs and elevated concentric striae, then the shell becoming
straighter and the ribs more numerous (Sowb.).
Length 257^, greatest diam. 3 mill. (P. & S. from hg.).

D istribu tion. China Sea.

19. DcnlaliiLiii oryx n. sp. PI. VI, fig. 24.

«

Stat. 302. io°27'.9S., I23°28'.7E. 216 Metres. Sand and coral sand. 5 Spec.

Diagnosis. Shell straight or only with a faint curve at the top. Sculpture of 8 narrow
riblets at the apex, increasing to doublé that number by intercalation
of secundary riblets and doubling again that number by renewed inter-
calation of tertiary riblets. Interstices faintly concave, without longitudinal
or transverse sculpture. Ribs persistent toward the anterior aperture,
their profile irregularly undulated.

Anal orifice with a short wide incision. Anterior aperture distinctly
octagonal, not obliciue. Colour white or bluish white, a little transparent.
mill.

b. Length 20 mill., greatest diam. 1,8 mill.

c. Length 27 mill., greatest diam. 2,2 mill.

Fig. 14. Anterior aperture
and apex of D. oj-yx.

a. Lencfth 26 mill., greatest diam

20. Dentalium Iciicoryx n. sp. PI. VI, fig. 23.

Stat. 285. 8°39'.i S., I27°4'.4E. 34 Metres. On the limit between mud and coral. 3 Spec.

Diagnosis Shell moderately curved, white, shining and transparent
in young individual. -Sculpture of eigth narrow rounded riblets at the apex,
soon increasing to doublé that number by intercalation. Ribs persistent
toward aperture in the youngest individuals, becomino- a little obsolete in

l-'ig. 1 5. Anterior aperture ... ^ o o

and apex of D. Uucoi-y.x. the older iudividual. The profile of the ribs is irregularly undulated, due to

21

irregular growth. They are cancellated near the top, but so little that it is hardly discernable
through a strong lens. Interstices at the top very finely transversely striated, becoming anteriorly
smooth and brilliant with growth striae only and a few indistinct longitudinal threads. In the
longest individual the peristome was often broken as it seems and each time the fracture was
repaired in such a wa)- that the ribs in their continuation alternate with the intervals.

Apex without slit or notch, octagonal ; anterior aperture circular, not oblique.
a. Length 29 mill., greatest diam. 2 mill.
d. Length 33 mill., greatest diam. 2 mill.
c. Length 37 mill., greatest diam. 2,3 mill.

Remarks. In ontward appearance D. oryx and D. leticoryx strongly resemble each
other. Both species are .slender, much attenuated, and show the same irregularity of growth.
It is moreover possible that in older specimen of D. Iciicoryx tertiary riblets yet might appear.
The difference lies in D. oryx being straighter than D. Iciuoryx and having a distinct!\-
octagonal anterior aperture.

Group of D. BISEX.\XGUL.\TUM.

.Six to fourteen ribbed at and near the apex.

I. Six to twelve ribs at and near apex; the ribs sometimes longitudinally

splitting. Length :h 30 mill. 8 or 9 times the diam intercalatum.

II. Nine to eleven ribs at and near apex; the ribs sometimes longitudinally

bisected. Length 30 — 50 mill. about 8 times the diam macandrewi.

III. Nine ribs at and near apex.

a. Interstices with secondary riblets. Length 33 mill., about 13 times the

greatest diam sinuosum.

a' . Interstices smooth. Length 20 mill. greatest diam. about 2,5 mill. . roèustum.

IV. Eight to ten ribs, becoming obsolete toward aperture.

a. Length 50, greatest diam. 4 mill lessoni.

a' . Lenght 60, greatest diam. 3,5 mill pluricostatiun.

V. Ten ribs at and near the apex.

Interstices flat, finely transversely striated. Length 20, greatest diam. 2,5 mill. decemcostatum.
Interstices concave, finely ribbed. Length about 14 mill., greatest diam.

1,7 mill. (sometimes eight-ribbed) tasmaniense.

VI. Eleven to thirteen ribs; interstices with a weak thread or none. Length 70,

greatest diam. ± 6 mill bisexangulatmn.

MI. Eight to fourteen ribs.

a. 14 ribs near apex. Length 31 mill. greatest diam. 1,6 mill. . . . cookei.
a' . 8 — 14 ribs at apex, intercalation of secondary riblets. Length ± 15 mill.

greatest diam. 2 mill paucicotitoriuin.

*2i. Deiitaliii))! biscxangnlaiuni Sowerby. PI. I, fig. 7.

1S60. Dcntaliurn blscxangiilatiini Sowerby, Thes. Conch. III, p. 102, pi. 223, fig. 8.

1872. Dentallum bisexangulatnin Sowerby, Conch. Icon. XVIII, pi. 3, fig. 14.

1877. Dentalium bisexangulatiun Sowerby. Brazier, Proc. Linn. Soc. N. S. Wales II, p. 57.
1879. Dentalium bisexangulatiiui Sowerby. VON Martens, Monatsber. Preuss. Akad. Wiss.

Berlin, p. 739.
1885. Dfii/a/iinji bisexatignlatiun Sowerby. CooKE, Ann. Mag. N. H. (5), XVI, p. 273.
1897. Dentalium bisexangulatum Sowerby. PiLSBRV & Shari', Man. of Conch., vol. XVII,

p. 15, pi. 2, fig. 25.

Diagnosis. Shell well curved, solid, moderately stout, the length about 11 or 1 2 times
the greatest diameter; white. Sculpture of about 12 (11 to 13) strong longitudinal narrow ribs,
about a third as wide as the concave intervals, which are ribless or show a weak median thread
on the convex side (or occasionally all the intervals except one or several on the concave side
have low median threads); growth-striae fine and superficial. Aperture a trifle compressed
laterally, strongly angulated by the projecting ribs on the concave margin. Anal orifice rounded,
with a wide, shallow notch on the convex side.

Length 68, length of aperture 6,5, breadth 6 mill; height of arch from chord 10 mill.
Length 72, length of aperture 6,2, breadth 6 mill; height of arch from chord 1 1,5 mill. (P. & Sh.).

D i str ibution. Java (Sowerby); Singapore (Archer); Yokohama, Japan (Loomis); Gulf
of Suez (Mac-Andrew); Torres Straits and Vicinity, 8 — 30 fms (Chevert Exp.); Ouerimba Isl.
and Mozambique (Peters coll.).

Remarks. No specimens were obtained by the Siboga. Pilsbry states that there are
oftener 1 1 than 1 2 ribs, and that the development of an intermediate thread in each space
over the greater part of the shell is occasional though probably exceptional.

*2 2. Detitalium intcj'calahiin Gould. Pl. L fig. 9.

1859. Dentalium intercalatiim Gould, Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. hist. VII, p. 166.

? Dentalium intercalatiim Gould, Otio Conch.
1872. Dentalium intercalatiim Gould. SowERBY, Conch. Icon. XVIII, pl. 7, fig. 45.
1897. Dentalium intercalatiim Gould. PiLSBRY & Sharp, Man. of Conch., vol. XVII, p. 23,

pl. II, figs 88, 89.
1904. Dentalium intercalatiim Gould. Jos. C. Verco. Notes on South-Austr. Moll. Trans.

Proc. Rep. Roy. Soc. S. A., vol. XXVIII, p. 135—138, pl. XXVI (fig. of radula).
1897. Dentalium Bednalli Pilsbry & Sharp, Man. of Conch. vol. XVII, p. 248, pl. 39, figs i, 2, 3.

1878. Dentalium octagonum Angas (non Lam.), P. Z. S. p. 868, Henley Beach S. A.

? 1893. Dentalium octogonum Adcock's Hand List of the Aquatic MoUusca inhabiting South-
Austr. p. 10.

It is practically impossible to give one clear diagnosis for this exceedingly variable
species. Here follows first the diagnosis of D. inlcrcalahivi Gould, being taken after a young
specimen, then of D. bednalli P. & Sh. being a description of an old specimen of ititcrcalatum
under a new name.

Diagnosis of a young specimen. Shell strongly curved and conspicuously tapering
in ils earlier half, the later half nearly straight and less tapering; white, lusterless. At and near

the apex hexagonal in section, the angles rather sharjj and a Httle projecting, intervals nearly
flat. Not far from the apex a secondary riblet arises in each of the two faces on the outer
curve, and somewhat later the lateral faces and those on the concave side are similarly divided ;
the secondary riblets gaining rapidly in strength, and on the latter part of the shell equal to
the six primary ribs. Toward the aperture there are 1 2 equal, equidistant ribs, rounded but
well projecting, and about half as wide as the concave, excavated intervals, which are smooth
except for Hght growth striae. Aperture circular, the outer edge of peristome scalloped by the
ribs. Apical orifice circular, about half as wide as the truncated apex. Length 19, diam. at
aperture 2,25, at apex 0,9 mill.

Diagnosis of an older specimen. Shell soiled or Isabella-whitish, moderately
arcuate, the curvature mainly posterior. Sculpture: at and near the apex with 7 strong, rounded
ribs separated by deeply concave and decidedly wider intervals; passing anteriorly the ribs
become lower and wider, and tend to split by the appearance of progressively deepening sulci
on their side slopes, so that at the aperture there are about 10 ver}' low ribs of unequal
prominence, besides .some incipient ones ; the intervals shallow and narrower than the ribs.
Growth striae fine and rather inconspicuous throughout, no longitudinal striation. Aperture sub-
circular retaining a slightly hexagonal form, as long as wide; apex rather large, the orifice
small, oval, longer than wide, with thick walls; no slit or notch. Length 19, diam. at aperture
2,8, at apex 1,3 mill.

Di str ib u t i on. China Seas (North Pacif. Expl. Exp.); St. Vincent and Spencer Gulfs,
Investigator Strait, and Backstairs Passage (Verco).

R e m a r k s. Mr. Jos. C. Verco has published the following interesting note on this species :

"Angas misidentified our shell from Henley Beach as D. odogomuii Lam., and cited it
as a South Australian shell in P. Z. S., 1878, p. 868. Pilsbry & Sh.\rp, in Tryon's Man. of
Conch., vol. XVII, p. 248, described a shell under the name of D. Bednalli, from St. Vincent
Gulf, sent to them by Mr W. T. Bedn.\ll. This name would stand, were it not that specimens
of our extremely variable species are inseparable from D. iiitercalatuni Gould, 1859, which
has priority.

I have examined more than three hundred individuals, dredged by me in St. Vincent
and Spencer Gulfs, Investigator Strait, and Backstairs Passage. They have been taken alive at
all depths between eight and twenty-two fathoms, chiefly in muddy bottoms. I have vainly
endeavoured to discover more than one species among them. They are exceedingly variable,
and were it not for intermediate forms, quite a dozen species might be created.

lts length varies of course: firstly, with its age; individuals when very young are only
5 millimetres, when senile 37; secondly, with the amount of its posterior end which has been
removed, so that a stouter, older shell may not be so long as another which is evidently
younger and has not suftered so much truncation.

Its curvature is also very variable. In its early stage of growth it is well curved, but
becomes gradually, though markedly, le.ss so as it gets older. Since the posterior end is progres-

sively removed, the mature shell has an appearance quite different from that of the immature,
being nearly straight and bluntly truncated, instead of well curved and posteriorly acuminate.

The same individual in its two extreme stages of ijrowth, without the controlling' inter-
mediate examples, might be excusably described as distinct species. This probably partly explains
\vhy the name of D. Bednalli Pilsbry & Sharp, has been added to that of D. intercalatuiii
Gould, the former being an old individual, and the latter a young one.

One shell, compared in the Xatural History Museum, London, with that labelled D.
iiitercalatiiiii Gould, was identical, and represents our immature, curved, sharp-pointed stage.
The figure given in Tryon's Man. of Conch. corresponds with it, as does also the description
there transcribed, even to the origin of its secondary riblets, first in the two interspaces on the
outer curve, and somewhat later in the lateral ones and on the concave side, as italicised in
the manual. Hence, though the type locality of this species is given as China Seas, the identity
of our South Australian form is indisputable.

The number of ribs very rarely remains the same throughout the entire of the shell;
thus one with eleven rather acute ribs at the posterior end has but eleven at the anterior.
Almost always the ribs become more numerous with age. The increase is effected in two ways,
by intercalation and by rib splitting.

1. By intercalation. Generally in the centre of an interspace a riblet arises, and gradually
enlarges until it equals the original ribs. The stage of growth at which this begins is variable,
not only in different shells, but in the several interspaces of the same shell. For instance, when
the individual is quite immature every interspace may bear a riblet, whereas when senile there
may be only the first indication of one. Again, one interspace may show a riblet very soon, and
later, other interspaces may develojj them at varying distances as in the typical D. inter calatiim.
Besides these secondary riblets, eventually tertiary riblets may arise in their interspaces and further
multiply the costations. Still another variation is to be seen — instead of a single secondary
costula arising in an interspace, two riblets of equal dimensions may develop simultaneously.
This twin intercalation alone maj- be found in an example, or there may be every combination
of single and of doublé intercalation.

2. By rib-splitting. A groove begins to form in a rib, and gradually grows in depth and
width until it divides it into two. This groove may begin on the centre or on any part of the
side of the rib. The ribs so formed may subsequently be cut up by other grooves. Sometimes
two or three of such furrows may appear on the same rib at the same time and enlarging at
an equal rate form three or four subequal riblets.

The two methods, intercalation and rib-splitting, may occur alone in respective individuals,
or both in the same example, and there may be any conceivable ratio between the two methods
in different specimens.

The contour of the ribs may vary greatly. They may be at their inception narrow and
comparatively high, and may so continue throughout their length. Or after some increase in
size they may begin to decline in height until they almost fade out and leave the anterior part
of the shell nearly smooth. Their shape may completely change; whereas at first, they may
have concave interstices so as to resemble a fluted column, the ribs may widen out and become

25

convex, while their interstices become reduced to narrow, shallow grooves between broad,
approximate, rounded ribs.

The number of ribs at the posterior end is very variable. If multipHcation of costce
occurs, it is plain that the older the shell and the more truncated, the greater will be the
number of ribs at the posterior extremitv; and if such multipHcation ahvays began at the same
stage of growth and was equally rapid, the number would always be greater with a greater
truncation. But such is not the case, hence the number of ribs at the hinder end varies widely.
Six is the fewest I have found. But there may be any number beyond this up to fourteen,
which is the most yet observed. These larger numbers are by no means restricted to examples
with much truncation, nor is there any definite proportion between the number of ribs and the
diameter of the shell ; some of large diameter at the truncation have but few, and vice versa.
A diagnosis framed upon the number of ribs would be baseless. Pilsbry suggests the typical
form is hexagonal; probably he is right, but usualh' there are more than six costse.

The anal appendical tube is wanting in most cases, even during life. When present it
may be two or three millimetres long. It may exist when the shell is young and narrow, and
be wanting when okl and wide-, possibly it ma}- have been broken off. It is central and most
frequentlv in the axis of the shell. But it may be distinctly out of the axis, joined at an angle
so as to point markedly towards the concave side, or slightly towards the convex, and in one
it is funnel-shaped instead of cj'lindrical. These circumstances confirm the suggestion of its being
an outgrowth subsequent to truncation, and not merely a residual inner layer of the shell after
the outer portion has been absorbed.

The radula (pi. XXVI, figs ïj^.a, d, c, d) is comparatively large, and contains fifteen
rows of teeth, with the formula i . i . i . i . i. The rachidian tooth is about twice as wide as
hiorh, is thickened alone its free edee, and thinned alono- its attached border. The sincjle lateral
is stout and rather short, and has one obliquely placed cusp without serrations. The marginals
are trapezoidal flat plates, thickened along their inner end, and the whole or larger part of
their upper margin. Mr Kesteven, in executing the drawings, detected a small accessory plate
of chitin (fig. 14^'). It is somewhat pyriform, stouter at its narrow, attached end, and thinner
and slightly striate at its free, expanded extremity. Its height is about one-half that of the
rachidian tooth, outside of w'hich it stands, with its base about half-way between this and the
lateral. As the laterals overlap the outer fourth or third of the rachidian, this plate lies behind
or between the laterals, and being comparatively thin it cannot be seen through the much
denser laterals; but in a dismembered radula it can be certainly recognised.

*2 3. Dentalhun macandrewi n. n. PI. V, figs 25 — 34.

1885. Dentaliiun lineolatuin Cooke, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (5), XVI, p. 274.
1885. Dcntalimn aratoruiii Cooke, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (5), XVI, p. 274 — 275.
1885. Dentalium claviis Cooke, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (5), XVI, p. 275.

1897. D. lineolatimi Cooke, aratonim Cooke, claviis Cooke. PiLSBRV & Sharp, Man. of Conch.,
vol. XVII, p. 10, p. II and p. 55.
? Dentalium reevii Desh. I\ISS. Mac-Axdrew in collection.
? 1871. Dentalium j-eevei Desh. MSS. FiSCHER, Journ. de Conchyl. XIX [(3), XI], p. 212.
? 1894. Dentalium laugieri Jousseaume, Buil. Soc. Philom. de Paris VI, p. 103.

SIBOGA-EXPEDITIE LIV. 4

26

Diagnosis. Shell solid, pale amber coloured or whitish, acuminate in young, strono-ly
truncated in adults. Sculptured with nine to twelve strong equidistant ribs which are generally
bisected by a longitudinal groove. Interstices twice as wide as the ribs sculptured with 3 — 4
slightly raised riblets and decussated (especially near the apex) by extremely minute transverse
lines. Apex generally slightly notched on the convex side and internally lined with a small rim
or a short supplemental tube. Anterior aperture not oblique.

a. Length of young attenuated specimen 18, diam. of aperture 3,2, diam. of apex 0,6 mill.

b. Length of older specimen 35, diam. of aperture 4 of apex 2,3 mill.

c. Length 42, diam. of aperture 5 of apex 1,8 mill.

d. Length 50, diam. of aperture 6,5 of apex 22 mill.

Distribution. Gulf of Suez.

Remarks. This species strongly resembles D. B e lek er i Sow&rhy. Some of the younger
specimens are faintly maculated on the ribs, and the resemblance is then greater still. It differs
however in having the ribs longitudinally bisected and by the close transverse striation near
the apex.

The description and the figures are made after specimens in the Mac-Andrew collection
of Cambridge. Mr. Cooke distinguLshed them into three species, but after having carefully
examined all the specimens referring to his .species I have come to the conclusion that they
all belong to the same specific form. Probably he was deceived by the great dissimilarity of
form due to difference in age. Like D. intercalahuu^ novemcostatum, trtincatum and many other
De7italiidae this species is less curved in old age, while the apex becomes more and more
truncated, until in some specimens the shell is almost equally wide from apex to anterior aperture.

The specimens, afterwards named aratorum by Mr Cooke had been labelled D. Reevii
Desh. MSS. by Mr Mac-Andrew. I do not know whether the latter had compared these with
authentic specimens of Reevii, or that he drew his conclusions from the insufficiënt note of
FiscHER on that species. I agree however with Mr Pilsbrv that Fischer's provisional note
gives too little Information to make an Identification possible and therefore do not adopt
Deshayes's MSS. name.

The same is the case with D. laitgieri Jousseaume which perhaps is identical with or
at least nearly related to this species.

Here follow the descriptions.

D. lineolatuin Cooke. PI. V, figs 25, 26, 27.

.Shell solid, pale amber coloured, acuminate, curved toward the apex,
fluted with 9 angulated, very high equidistant ribs; interstices and some of the
ribs themselves longitudinally lineated, and decussated by very minute transverse
striae. Apex entire. Length 1,75, breadth at base 0,25 inch. (Cooke).

Gulf of Suez (Mac-Andrew).

Fig. 16. Anterioi-

apevtuve of "/). In fresh specimens the interstitial lines are very marked ; they are parallel

tnco auirn oo e . ^^ ^^ x)}c)^, which are themselves generally bisected by a similar line. (Cooke).

D. araforiiD! Cooke. P

hgs 31-

-34-

Fig. 17. Anterior

aperture of ^D.

(iratorutii Cooke".

Shell solid, pale amber coloured, acuminate, arcuate, not very strongly but distinctly
fluted with 11 or 12 ribs, the interstices and some of the ribs themselves
longitudinally strongly lineated, impressed interstitial lines about 4; apex entire.
Length 1,5, width at base 0,15 inch. (Cooke).

Gulf of Suez. 10 — 30 fms (Mac-Andrew).

Very distinct from D. lineolatum Cooke, which it nevertheless strongly
resembles in its sculpture. This shell is more curved, the ribs are never less
than eleven and are comparatively obscure, while in liiieolahwi there are always nine and they
are very marked and prominent.

Mac Andrew perceived that Bclcheri Sow. was wrong and has corrected to "■ Reevii
Desh. IMSS." I have no idea what this refers to, so will describe the species, which is a
good one (Cooke).

D. clavjis Cooke. PI. \\ figs 28 — 30.

Shell solid, whitish, ungraceful, slightly arcuate, almost equally wide from
apex to base : fluted with about i i very indistinct ribs, intenstices longitudinally
lineated, the lines sometimes nearly equal to the ribs; apex entire. Length 1,75,
diam. 0,2 inch. (Cooke).

Gulf of Suez (IVIac-Andrew).

A remarkably ungraceful shell, reminding one of thick specimens of
novemcostatuni Lam. The breadth is almost the same throughout, ribs very
indistinct and impossible to count at the base, interstitial lines proportionately The apkai pan of

"/). claviis Cooke".

strong (Cooke).

D. reevei "Desh." Fischer.

This species, which will shortly be described by M. Deshayes, is white, arcuate, having
9 longitudinal ribs. The interstices are very finely striated transversely, and some longitudinal
narrow ribs run along them. (From P. & Sii.).

Suez.

D. laugieri Jousseaume.

Shell white, solid, cylindrical, slightly arcuate, longitudinally costate ; ribs 9, equal, strong,
rounded, smooth; the intervals flat, wider, with 3 to 5 delicate striae. Length 40 — 48, diam.
7 mill. (From P. & Sh.).

Aden; Suez.

*24. Dentalmm decemcostahon Brazier.

1877. Dentalium deceincostaium Brazier, Proc. Linn. Soc. N. S. Wales, II, p. 55.

1897. Dentalium dccemcostatiim Brazier. PiLSBRV & Sharp, Man. of Conch., vol. XVII, p. 8.

Diagnosis. .Shell tapering, thin white, slightly arched, longitudinally lo-ribbed, ribs

28

somewhat sharp, interstices nearly flat, transversely hnely striated, apex with a small perforation-,

basal aperture large, circular. (Braz.).

Length 20 mill., diam. of apex 0,5 mill., diam. of base 2,5 mill.

D ist r i bu ti o n. Katow, New-Guinea, 8 fathoms, sandy mud (Chevert Exp.).

25. DcntaliiLiii tasinaiiicnse Tenison Woods. PI. VI, fig. 34.

1877. Dentalinui tasnianiensis (sic!) T. W., Proc. Roy. Soc. Tasmania for 1876, p. 140.
1897. Dentaluun tasmaniensis (sic!) T. W., PiLSBRY & Sharp, Man. of Conch., vol. XVII, p. 9.

Stat. 302. 10° 27'. 9 S., 123° 28.7 E. Timor Sea. 216 Metres. Sand and coralsand. i Spec.

Diagnosis. Shell small, solid, white, slender, slowly increasing, slightly curved; equally
8-ribbed, the intervals often subcostate; apex entire. Length 10,5, diam. 1,5, diam. of apex
0,5 mill. (T. W.).

Distr ibu t io n. Northwest coast of Tasmania.

Remarks. The only specimen obtained by the Siboga is lo-ribbed instead of 8-ribbed
as tasmaniense but for the rest is so well covered by the diagnosis of that species that little
doubt is left that the two can be identified. The Siboga specimen has a length of 14 mill.,
with a greatest diameter of 1,7 mill. The ribs are rounded and rather prominent, and there
are generally three smaller riblets in each interval.

26. Dentaliitm siuuosuin n. sp. PI. VI, fig. 22.

Stat. 114. 0°58'.5N., 122° 55' E. Kwandang-bay-entrance. 75 Metres. Hard sand, very fine.

2 Spec.
Stat. 204. 4°20'S., I22°58'E. Between islands Wowoni and Buton. 75 — 94 Metres. Sand

with dead shells. i Spec.
Stat. 294. 10° 12'. 2 S., 124° 27'. 3 E. Timor Sea. 73 Metres. Soft mud with very fine sand. 6 Spec.

Diagnosis. Shell moderately curved, very slender, finely tapering. Sculpture of nine
narrow sharp riblets at apex, increasing to doublé that number by the intercalation of a secondary
riblet in each interval. Ribs equidistant, slightly elevated, persistant toward the anterior aperture,
separated by flat, smooth interspaces with regular growth striae. Shell from time to time a little
inflated; after each annular swelling one or two growthlines are more marked than the others.
Apex very much attenuated, simple, without notch or slit, the ribs clearly visible. Anterior
aperture circular, a little oblique, regularly crenated by the 18 riblets; thin edged. Colour of a
uniform yellowish tint, young specimens brilliant and white.
a. Length 33 mill., greatest diameter 2,3 mill.
ó. Length 23 mill., greatest diameter 2,1 mill.

27. Dentaliuiii pajiciconiortu])i n. sp. PI. VI, figs. 25 — 28.

Stat. 95. 5°43'.5 N., II9°40'E. Sulu Archipelago. 522 Metres. Stony bottom. 31 Spec.
Stat. 105. 6° 8' N., 121° 19' E. Sulu Archipelago. 275 Metres. Coral bottom. i Spec.

29

Diagnosis. Shell small, solid and strong, straight or with a sudden little curve at the
apex. Sculpture of 8 — 14 narrow rounded rather strong riblets at the top, increasing their
number by intercalation of secondary riblets which appear at irregular distances from the top,
but not in each interval, the number of riblets near aperture varying between 15 — 20. Riblets
sometimes persistent, sometimes subobsolete toward aperture and often slightly twisted round
the shell's longitudinal axe, especially near the apex. Growth striae inconspicuous. Apex with
a short wide incision, a little asymmetrical on the convex side. It is generally worn by erosion,
the apex giving then the impression of being obliquely truncated. There is in one individual a
short supplemental tube around the anal orifice. Aperture rounded, not oblique, with moderately
thin, but strong edges. Colour white or grayish white, sometimes totally covered by a dark
brown deposit.

a. Length 17 mill., greatest diameter 2 mill.
ó. Length 15 mill., greatest diameter 2 mill.
c. Length 11 mill., greatest diameter 1,5 mill.

28. Dentalüini robustum Brazier. PI. VI, fig. 29.

1877. Dcntaliuui robustum Brazier, Proc. Linn. Soc. N. S. Wales, II, p. 56.

1897. Dentaliuin robustum Brazier. PiLSLiRV & Sil.VRP, Man. of Conch., vol. XVII, p. 12.

Stat. ? I Spec.

Diagnosis. Shell nearly straight, thick, duU white, longitudinally 9-ribbed, ribs rounded,

wide apart, narrow toward the apex, intenstices flattened, smooth; apex with small perforation,

entire; aperture thickened, regular.

Length 20, diameter of apex 0,75, base 2,5 mill. (Br.\zier).

Distribution. Katow, New Guinea 8 fathoms, sandy mud and coral (Chevert Exp.).

R e m a r k s. Probably a young shell was obtained by the Siboga Exp. The label got
somehow lost, and the exact locality being now unknown it might be substituted by the more
general indication of Eastern part of the Malay Archipelago. I have not seen specimens of
robushtiii but its diagnosis covers our .Siboga specimen rather well. Ours is more attenuated and
the anterior aperture is not thickened, but these differences may be owing to youth. It greatly
resembles D. enncagoimvi K. Martin of the Java tertiary (Sammlungen des geol. Reichsmus. in
Leiden, i" Serie, Band III, 1883 — 1887, Palaeontol. Erg. v. Tiefbohrungen auf Java, K. Martin,
p. 187, Tab. X, fig. 186). There are in some of the intervals one or two very faint riblets,
arising past the middle of the shell's length.

29. Dentaliuin Cookei Pilsbr)^ & Sharp. PI. \'I, figs 20, 21.

1885. Dentaliuin acus Cooke, Ann. Mag. N. H. (5), XVI, p. 274.

1897. Dentalium Cookei Pilsbry & Sharp, Man. of Conch., vol. XVII, p. 29.

Not Dentalium acus Eichwald 1856.

Stat. 204. 4° 20' S., I22°58'E. Northern entrancc of Buton strait. From 75 — 94 Metres. Sand

with dead shells. i Spec.
Stat. 207. 5° 7-5S., 122° 39' E. Buton strait. 148 Metres. Grey mud. 2 Spec.

30

Diagnosis. Shell thin, very narrow, acuminate, polished, subpellucid, little arcuate ;
lluted with about 14 ribs, which are not equidistant, only slightly elevated, but distinctly defined
at their bases; ribs at the apex coalescent and vanishing; interstices shallow and polished.
Length 31 mill., diam. at base 1,6 mill. (Cooke).

Dist ri b i! tic n. Gulf of Suez. (Mac-Andrew).

R e m a r k s. Of the three Siboga specimens two are rather young shells and show the
greatest resemblance to the t)pe in the Mac-Andrew collection at Cambridge, also a young
shell. The third seems much older. It is longer, less attenuated and the apex is ribbed not
smooth as in the other specimens. It has a length of 42 mill., with a greatest diam. of 2,1 mill.
Anteriorly the tube is rather irregular, many circular constrictions indicating interrupted growth,
while the ribs become nearly obsolete ; growth striae rather conspicuous. Cookei is probably
nearly related to sintios7iiu \ it is however more slender and distinguished by its smooth apex
and unequidistant ribs.

30. DentaluDu pliiricostatjtm n. sp. PI. VI, figs 6, 7.

Stat. 153. 0° 3.8N.. 130° 24'. 3 E. Bougainville Strait. 141 Metres. Fine and coarse sand with

dead shells. 6 Spec.
Stat. 204. 4° 20' S., 122° 58' E. Buton Strait. From 75 — 94 Metres. Sand with dead shells.

I Spec.

Diagnosis. Shell long and slender, moderately curved, fragile. Sculpture of nine sharp
ribs at the top, separated by flat interstices, which appear to be microscopically longitudinally
striated when strongly magnified. The striae disappear rapidly, and not far from the apex a
secondary riblet appears in each interval, sometimes foliowed by a third and fourth and continuing
together with the primary ribs for about the greatest half of the shells length. Thej' then
become obsolete, the anterior half of the shell being nearly smooth, with only faint indications
of longitudinal sculpture. Growth striae rather conspicuous, microscopically segmenting the
intervals. Apex without slit or notch. Aperture round, very little oblique, with extremely thin
edges. Colour near apex white or yellowish-white, toward aperture white and transparent often
with a pearly lustre.

a. Length 60 mill., greatest diam. 3,5 mill.

b. Length 65 mill., greatest diam. 3,5 mill.

c. Length 52 mill., greatest diam. 3 mill.

*3i. Dentaliuin Lessoni Deshayes. PI. I, fig. 11.

1825. Dentaliuin Lessoni Deshayes, Mém. Soc. Hist. Nat. Paris II, p. 357, pi. 16, fig. 13.

? Dentalium Lessoni Deshayes. Chenu, Illustr. Conchyl., p. 5, pi. 5, fig. 4 (not 4«).
1897. Dentalium I-^essoni Deshayes. PiLSBRY & Sharp, Man. of Conch., vol, XVII, p. 8, pi. 6,

figs 86, 90.
Not Dentalium lessonii Sowerby, 1860, 1872.

Diagnosis. Shell rather straight, cylindrical, whitish-gray, with 8 to 10 ribs, ribs obtuse.
depressëd, disappearing at the aperture. Allied to D. noveincostatnii!^ but distinguished bj- form,

31

curvature, and disposition of the ribs. It is narrower, lonjrer. less curved, constantly of a
yellowish-white uniform color, without transverse zones. The ribs, numbering 8, g or lo, are
contiguous at their bases, moderately raised and rounded. They are more elevated toward the
apex, diminishing gradually and disappearing toward the aperture. They are interrupted by
sorae growth lines. The aperture is small relative to the length of the shell.
Length 50, diam. 4 mill. (P. & Sii. from Desh.).

Distribution. New Guinea (Lesson).

R e m a r k s ; Pluricostatiiin and Lessoni resemble each other in many points. Pbiricos-
tatuiii is distinguished by being more slender and having secondary riblets while the transverse
sculpture is more pronounced than in Lessoni. The possibiHty exists that a greater series of
specimens may prove that the forms intergrade.

Group of D. SHOPLANni Jousseaume.
14 — 21 ribs at and near apex.

K e y t o species.

I. Shell cylindric or nearly so.

a. 14 — 19 longitudinal strongly granose ribs: length 55 mill. about

7 — 8 times the greatest diameter transver sostriattint.

a'. 17 — 21 subequal narrow ribs, increasing to 25; conspicuously
transversely striated; length 78 mill. about 7 — 8 times the
greatest diam shoplandi.

a" . 16 narrow rounded ribs at apex increasing to about 40. Trans-
verse structure inconspicuous. Length 45 about 7 — 8 times the

greatest diam malayanuni.

II. Shell slightly dorso-ventrally compressed ; 16 ribs at and near apex,
secondary .sculpture mainly or arising earlier on the concave curve.

a. Sculpture becoming anteriorly subobsolete. Length 35 — 45 mill.,

II — 10 times the greatest diam sedecimcostattun.

a' . Ribs increasing to 48 at the anterior aperture. Length 35, diam.

of apert. 2,8 mill compressiuscuhim.

a" . Ribs cancellated. Length 40 — 60 mill., 9 — 10 times the greatest diam. inartensi.

a" . Ribs simple, the interstices conspicuously transversely striated.

Length 51 mill. about 12 — 13 times the greatest diam. . . clathratum.

*32. Dentaliuin s /top /a Jtdz ]oussea.ume. PI. I, fig. 12.

1894. Dcntalintii slioplandi Jouss. Buil. Soc. Philomath. de Paris, (8), VI, p. 102.
1897. Dentaliuin shophvuli Jouss. PiLSBRY & Sharp, Man. of Conchology, vol. XVII, p. 28,
pi. 12, fig. 100.

Diagnosis. Shell large, but slightly curved, nearly straight, solicl, slowly tapering;
cream-white ^vith whitegray-white ribs. Sculpture : near the apex 1 7 subequal but uneciually
spaced, narrow, sharply defined riblets very much narrower than the interspaces; these continue
to the aperture, increasing in size; their number is early increased by the intercalation of some
interstitial threads, mainly on the concave side, so that at the aperture there are 25 unequal,
unevenly spaced ribs and threads ; the whole surface densely and conspicuously striated trans-
versely, the striae unequal, like cords scattered among threads, crenulating the riblets. Aperture
oblique, subcircular, a trifle wider than long, the peristome jagged from fracture. Apex large,
the orifice .simply circular, without notch or slit.
Length 78,5, diam. at aperture 10, at apex 3,2 mill. (P. & Sii.).

D i s t r i b u t i o n. 50 miles off Aden in 678 fms.

R e m a r k s. A large species apparently without near allies. It is remarkable for the
proininence of the growth striae, and the clearly carved ribs of the surface. (P. & Sh.).

33. Dentaliiiiii transversostriatiiin n. sp. PI. IV, fig. 23.

Stat. 212. 5°54'.5S., 120° 19'. 2 E. off Saleyer. 462 Metres. Fine grey mud. 3 Spec.

Diagnosis. Shell but slightly curved, the greatest bend near the apex, solid, of a
yellowish tint, lusterless. The sculpture consists of 14 — 19 strong prominent sharp-edged lon-
gitudinal ribs, separated by rather wide concave interstices in some of which an interstitial
riblet arises. The longitudinal ribs are crossed by a pronounced transverse sculpture, consisting
of regular elevated striae, which become almost spinulose on the longitudinal ribs, and can be
feit by rubbing one's nail over the shell's surface. Apex simple, or with a long wide .slit on
the convex side. Anterior aperture circular rather oblique with very thick edges.
Length 55, diam. of apert. 7,5 mill. Length of slit 8 mill.

R e m a r k s. To my regret I had no opi^ortunity of comparing specimens of D. carditus
Dall ^), a species reported from several stations in the West Indian Archipelago. It bears a
very great resemblance to transversosiriatuiii but as it differs from it in some minor details,
it seems advisable to distinguish as yet the Western Atlantic from the Indopacific form. In
the East Indian specimens the sculpture remains distinct toward the anterior aperture and the
edge of the peristome is very thick, measuring in one specimen 1,2 mill. in another i mill., two
qualities which distinguish it from carditus. The niunber of the ribs of carduus is not given.

34. Dentaliuiii malayaniini n. sp. PI. V, figs 4, 5.

Stat. 133. Anchorage off Lirung, Salibabu Lsland up to 36 Metres. Mud and hard saiid. 2 Spec.
Stat. 159. o°59'.iS., I29°48'. 8 E. North of Kofian lsland. 41 1 Metres. Coarse sand. I Spec. juv.?
Stat. 300. io°48'.6S., I23°23'.i E. Timor Sea. 918 Metres. Fine grey mud. 2 Spec.

Diagnosis. Shell slightly curved, solid; sculpture of 16 — 17 narrow rounded ribs at

i) D. carduus Dall. Bl.\ke, Rep. Buil. Mus. Comp. Zool. XVIII, (1889), p. 423, pi. 27, fig. 3.

33

apex, increasing toward aperture to about 40 and becoming gradually broader and stronger.

Intervals at the top wide and rather flat, concave and narrower than

the ribs at the anterior aperture. Ribs rather strong, well rounded and

shining, equal in size, hare and there alternating with some smaller ones.

Apex circular with strong walls and a moderately deep slit. Anterior

aperture rounded rather oblique with strong edges.

Colour grayish white or with a yellowish tint.
Length 45, diam. of aperture 5,9 mill.
Length 47, diam. of aperture 6 mill. ^'s- "^- '^°'"'°'' ='p^''"''-"

35. Dcntaliiiiii scdcciiucostatiiiii n. sp. PI. VI, figs 8 — 11.

with some radiolariae and

Stat. 45. 7°24'S., ii8°i5'.2E. 794 Metres. Fine grey mud,

diatomes. i Spec.

Stat. 52. 9° 3.4 S., ii9°56'.7E. 959 Metres. Globigerina ooze. 9 Spec.

Stat. 88. o°34'.6N., 119° S'.5 E. 1301 Metres. Fine grey mud. i Spec.

Stat. 156. o°29'.2S., 130° 5.3 E. 469 Metres. Coarse sand and broken shells. i Spec.

Stat. 178. 2°40'S., I28°37'.5E. 835 Metres. Blue mud. i Spec.

Stat. 223. 5°44'.7S., i26°27'.3E. 4391 Metres. Dark mud. i Spec.

Stat. 241. 4°24'.3S., I29°49'.3E. 1570 Metres. Dark sand with small stones. A fragment.

Stat. 300. io°48'.6S., 123° 23'.! E. 918 Metres. Fine grey mud. 9 Spec.

Stat. 314. 7° 36' S., ii7°3o'.8E. 694 Metres. Fine sandy mud. i Spec.

Diagnosis. .Shell slightly dorso-ventrally compressed, moderately curved, white porcel-
lanous, shining, sometimes chalky; often with a black incrustation near the apex (generally
most of it on the concave side) and with light and dark brown patches, irregularly distributed
over the rest of the shell's surface. .Sculpture: near the apex there are 16 narrow rounded
ribs, closer on the concave curve than on the convex curve and separated by wider intervals.
Anteriorly there arises in each interval a median thread; it arises earlier on the concave side
and soon equals in strength the primary ribs; on the convex curve it remains small. Anteriorly
the whole sculpture becomes subobsolete, old specimens being quite near the anterior aperture
nearly smooth. Growth striae numerous and close, obliquely crossing* the longitudinal sculpture.
The apex in young specimens has a short wide slit, in older specimens it is entire, dorso-
ventrally compressed with thick walls, thickest on the concave margin.

Anterior aperture very oblique, slightly dorso-ventrall)- compressed, with thin margin.

a. Length 29, diam. at apert. 3 X 2,6, diam. at apex 0,3 mill.

b. Length 38, diam. at apert. 3,4 X 3,2, diam. at apex 0,4 mill.

c. Length 39, diam. at apert. 4 X 3,8, diam. at apex 1,1 mill.

d. Length 45, diam. at apert. 4,2 X 4,i, diam. at apex 0,9 mill.

(The lateral diameter is given first).

36. Denialncin compressiusculum n. sp. PI. VI, fig. 12.

Stat. 241. 4°24'.3S., 129° 49'. 3 E. 1570 Metres. Dark sand with small stones. i Spec.
Diagnosis. .Shell moderately curved, slightly dorso-ventrally compressed posteriorly,

Sll!OG.\-EXPEDITIE I.IV. C

34

the later half nearly cylindrical ; slender, rather fragile, of a dirty yellowish colour. Sculpture
of 1 6 narrow rounded ribs at apex, increasing by intercalation of secondary riblets to the
number of 32 at about the middle of the shell's length, the riblets on the concave curve
appearing first. Lower down tertiary riblets arise, but only on the concave curve making
together a number of 48 equal narrow rounded riblets at the anterior aperture. Apex with a
slight notch on the convex side. Anterior aperture subcircular, a little oblique, acutely edged.
Length 31,5 mill., diam. of aperture 2,8 mill.

37. Dentalium Martensi n. sp. PI. IV, fig. 19. PI. V, fig. i — 3.

Stat. 88. o°34'.6N., 119° 8'.5 E. 1301 Metres. Fine grey mud. 5 Spec. and some fragments.
Stat. 223. 5°44'.7 S., I26°27'.3E. 4391 Metres. Brown and black mud gradually changing

into bkiish grey mud. A fragment.

Diagnosis. Shell near the apex a little dorso-ventrally compressed, more rounded
toward the anterior aperture; nearly straight or with a slight curve at the top. Sculpture of

about 16 sharp cancellated longitudinal ribs, separated by wide plano-
concave intervals. Early on the concave side there appears in each interval
one interstitial riblet, soon equalling the first in size ; some tertiary threads
sometimes arise near the aperture. On the convex side the interstitial
riblets appear later and generally remain smaller than the ribs. The ribs
are finely cancellated with very irregular little rounded teeth. The sharp
p. . , . , edges of the ribs often are worn off by erosion. The intervals are trans-

rig. 20. Antenor apevture ö -'

of D. Martensi. versely striatcd but not conspicuously so, being in some shells smooth

with hardly any indication of transverse sculpture. Apex dorso-ventrally compressed, entire with
an oval opening, or with a moderately long rather wide slit on the convex side. Anterior
aperture nearly circular a little dorso-ventrally compressed.
Length 56, diam. of apert. 6,3 X 6, of apex 1,7 mill.
Length 54, diam. of apert. 5,5 X 4,9, of apex 0,7 mill.
Length 41, diam. of apert. 5,1 X 5, of apex 1,8 mill.
(The lateral diameter is given first).

*38. Dentalinin chithratiim v. Martens. PI. III, fig. 53.

1881. DcntaUuiii clathratiiiii E. von Martens, Sitzungsber. der Gesellsch. naturf. Fr. zu Berlin,

Jahrg. 1881, p. 66.
1897. Dentaliutn clathratiiiii E. von Martens. PiLSBRY & Sharp, Man. of Conch., vok XVII, p. 84.

Diagnosis. Shell rather straight, elliptical in section, white, opaque, with about 16
angular, narrow, equal ribs, with smaller ones sparsely intercalated towards the aperture, the
interstices conspicuously transversely striated. Apical orifice thick-edged; slit on the convex side,
narrow, long. Length 51, transverse diam. of aperture 4, dorso-ventral diam. 3V3 mill., diam.
of apex "/a mill. (Mart. from I'. & Sa.).

Distribu tion. Near Moreton Bay, Eastern Australia, 550 fms. (Gazelle Exp.).

R e m a r k s. Similar to D. compressjini W'atson of the West Indies. The interspaces
between the ribs are about three times as wide as the ribs themselves, where smaller riblets
are not interposed (Mart.).

Dr. Joh. Thiele of the Zoological Museum of Berlin had the kindness of sending me
a photograph of the hitherto unfigured D. clat/iratum, which is now reproduced in this Report.
There is some resemblance between D. Martensi and D. clathratiim, but I believe the differences
to be crreat enough to distinguish them as different species. Martensi is a stronger shell and
the diameter increases more rapidly than in clathratjim. while the secondary and tertiarj- riblets
are better developed. The cancellation on the ribs, which is a striking feature in Martensi, was
not noticed by v. M.a.rtens. but Dr. Joh. Thiele informs me, that he holds it for possible that
better preserved specimens of D. clathratiiiu might prove to have slightly cancellated ribs.

Group of D. MULTISTRIATUM.

Irregularly many-ribbed species of rather smal! size, often with alternating translucent and
opaque encircling bands, or dots on the ribs; apex either simple, notched or tubiferous (P. & Sh.).

I. Fine crowded striae, continuous from base to apex nniltistriatum.

II. About IC — 13 riblets at the top.

a. Length 31 mill., greatest diam. 4 mill Bclcheri.

b. Length 19 mill., greatest diam. 2 mill variabile.

*39. Dcntaliiiin nniltistriatuin Deshayes. PI. I, fig. 19.

1825. Dentalium iiiiiltistriatiuit Deshayes, Mém. Soc. Hist. Nat. Paris, II, 9.358, pi. 18, fig. 11.
1897. Dentalium viultistriatuin Deshayes. PiLSBRV & SH.A.RP, Man. of Conch., vol. XVII,
p. 251, pi. 39, fig. S.

Diagnosis. Small, narrow, generally but little curved, white, yellowish or grayish ;
entirely covered with fine, crowded striae, continuous from base to apex. In some individuals
these striae are a little wider, less crowded, with a fine thread interpo.sed; but in the majority
of shells they are equal, rounded, sometimes quite regularly spotted with gray or translucent
white on an opaque white ground. Apex ordinarily worn, the striae often deeper than at the
base; aperture perceptibly oblique, with very sharp peristome. Length 20, greatest diam. 3 mill.
(P. & Sh. from Desh.).

Dist r ibu ti o n. Found with Dcntalitiin variabile and presumably from India (Desh.).

*40. Dentalium Belcheri Sowerby. PI. I, hg. 18.

1860. Dentalium belcheri Sowb. juv., Thes. Conch. III, p. loi, pi. 224, figs 28, 29.
1872. Dentalium belcheri Sowb., Conch. Icon. XVIII, pi. i, flg. \a, b.

1897. Dentalium belcheri Sowb. PiLSBRV & Sharp, Man. of Conch., vol. XVII, p. 60, pi. 14,
figs 29, 30.

36

Diagnosis. Shell moderately curved, sculptured with ii — 13 rather strong rounded
lono-itudinal ribs; intervals microscopally longitudinally striated over the whole surface, sometimes
with one or two interstitial riblets. Sculpture becoming weaker toward the anterior aperture.
Colour white or pinkish, or white becoming rosy towards the apex, with faint maculation on
the ribs. Of the three specimens in the British Museum two have the apex entire, while one
has a supplemental tube, a little transversely compressed.
Length 31, greatest diam. 4 mill.
Length 24, greatest diam. 3,5 mill.

Distribution. East Indian Archipelago (Sowb.).

*4i. Dentaliuvi variabile Deshayes. PI. I, fig. 17.

1S25. Dentaliiiiii variabile Desh., Mém. Soc. Hist. Nat. Paris, II, p. 367, pi. 16, fig. 30.
1860. Dcntalium variabile Desh. SowERBY, Thes. Conch. III, p. loi, pi. 224, fig. 30.
1872. Dentalium variabile Desh., Conch. Icon. XVIII, pi. 4, fig. 26.
1872. Dentalium variabile Desh. Martens, Journal Linn. Soc. Lond. XXI, p. 200.
1897. Dentaliiini variabile Desh. PiLSBRY & Sharp, Man. of Conch. vol. XVII, p. 60, pi. 14,
figs 26 — 28.

Diagnosis. Shell rather small, moderately arcuate, not much attenuated posteriorly,
solid; white, with numerous encircling grayish-translucent zones, more pronounced on the ribs,
which appear articulated with grayish and white. Sculpture of i o or 1 1 strong narrow ribs with
concave interstices, at and near the apex; a median thread soon arising in each interval, and
becoming nearly equal to the primary ribs, and later other interstitial riblets arise in some
intervals, so that at the aperture there are about 22, 24 or more riblets. Aperture round,
slightly polygonal. Anal orifice small and circular with thick margin. No slit or notch.
Length 19, diam. aperture 2, diam. apex 1,1 mill.
Length 18, diam. aperture 2, diam. apex i mill. (P. & Sh.).

Distribution. Mergui Archipelago at Mergui on mud-tlats and Sullivan L in 7 — lofms
(Anderson); Philippine Isl. (Sowb., Acad. Coll.) found at a dealers with mainly small Indian
shells (Desh.).

Differs from D. BelcJieri in being narrower and less rapidly enlarging. The dotted ribs are
characteristic, but their number varies considerable. It sometimes reaches 30 mill. length (P. & Sn.).

Subgenus Fissidentalium Fischer 18S5.

1885. Fissidentalium Fischer, Manual de Conchyliologie, p. 894. Type D. ergasticnm Fisch.
1894. Schizodentalium Sowerby, Proc. Malac. Soc. Lond. I, p. 158. Type S. plurifissuratuin Sowb.
1897. Fissidentalium Fischer. PiLSBRV & Sharp, Man. of Conch., vol. XVII, p. 63.

Shell large and .solid, sculptured with many longitudinal riblets, the apex typically with
a long slit, but often simple, sometimes with a slit divided into a series of fissures. (P. & Sn.).

37

Key to Species.

I. Shell cylindrical.

a. Rather coarse longitudinal striation. Length X15, greatest diam. 15 mill. niagnifictiin.
a' . Sculptured with about 80 threadlike riblets. Length 90, greatest diam. 10 mill. profimdorum.

II. Shell decidedly compressed, nearly straight.

a. Nearly elliptical in section Hicngerfordi.

a' . Trigonal in section Sibogae.

42. Dentaluiiii proftmdoruin E. A. Smith. PI. IV, figs 14 — 16.

1894. Dciitaliiiin profunJoritin Smith, Annals and Mag. N. H. (6), XIV, p. 167, pi. 4, fig. 18.

1897. Dcntnliuin profundorjiin Smith. PiLSBRY & Sh.\RP, Man. of Conch., vol. XVII, p. 79,

pi. 6, fig. 82.

Stat. 88. o°34'.6N., 119° 8'.5 E. 1301 Metres. Fine grey mud. 4 Spec.
Stat. loi. 6° 15' N., I20°2i' E. 1270 Metres. Fine grey mud. i Spec.

Diagnosis. .Shell large solid, moderately curved, sculptured with about 80 fine thread-
like plano-convex ribs, usually rather broader than the interstices; with numerous fine growth
striae making faint and regular impressions on the ribs. Colour dull buff, but sometimes brilliantly
white. Peristome subcircular, white inside, in some specimens very thickly edged, in others
rather thin. Length 90, greatest diam. 10 mill.

Distribution. Off Colombo, Ceylon 6°32'N., 79°37'E. in 675 fms (Investigator).

Rem ark s. The four specimens of Stat. 88 are e.vactly like those examined by Mr. E.
A. Smith. They are dull buff and much eroded showing many irregular patches where the
shell's outer layer has been broken away. Only one of these specimens has a slit measuring
nearly 5 mill.

The specimen of Stat. 10 1 is of a beautiful shining white and has a long narrow slit
measuring 14 mill.; the white colour is probably due to the local condition of the soil. The
same has been observed in D. candidiim Jeffreys, a species belonging also to the subgenus
Fissidentaliiim and distributed over the eastern and western Atlantic and the gulf of Mexico.
Dall remarks about that species: "Under favorable circumstances this species may be of a
most brilliant milk-white, but nearly all the specimens are dull ashy gray in color, even when
living and in perfect order. I suppose the white ones are those which happen to live in pure
sand, while the ordinary form comes from mud or ooze".

*43. Dentalitun viagnifictun E. A. Smith. PI. II, figs 32, 32rt.

1896. Dcntaliuin uiagnificiiiii E. A. Smith, Ann. Mag. N. H. (6), XVIII, p. 371.

1S97. Dentalinin magnificitm E. A. Smith. Pil.SBKV & Suarp, Man. of Conch., vol. XVII.
p. 78 and 251.

1898. Dentalium magnificum E. A. Smith. Alcock & AndersoN, Iliustr. of the Zool. of the

Investigator, Mollusca Pt. II, pi. VII— VIII. Calcutta.
1902. Dentalinin magnificitm E. A. Smith, figured in A. Alcock. A naturaHst in Indian .seas.

38

Diagnosis. Shell large, thick, moderately curved, perceptibly tapering posteriorly,
obliquely truncated anteriorly; sculptured everywhere with many delicate ribs crenulated by
transverse striae; slit narrow, of varying length. Length 115, greatest diam. 15 mill.

Dis tributi o n. Lat. S°4o'N., 8i°27'.35E. in 637 — -800 fms.; off Trincomalee, east
coast of Ceylon.

Remarks. This fine species is as large as the Japanese D. vertiedci^) or the fossil
D. grande Desh. The form, however, is more rapidly tapering than that of either, and the
sculpture is not precisely similar; the aperture is larger than in either of the species quoted
and almost circular. The longitudinal ridges are fine and numerous, numbering about twenty-five
to thirty at an inch from the apex. Towards the anterior end intervening riblets appear, .so
that the interstices, which above are broader than the lirae, become narrower. The lines of
growth are distinct, and on crossing the riblets towards the posterior end produce a granulated
appearance; the ridges are much smoother anteriorly and less elevated. The length of the
fissure is variable, but this is probably chiefly due to damage. In the most perfect specimen it
is 13 millimetres in length and rather more than half a millimetre in width. All three specimens
exhibit reparation of injuries at the anterior end, and in two the posterior extremity has been
breken off; these injuries are probably done by fishes or crustaceans. The shells are whitish,
but coated with a dark brown earth deposit. The Rev. Professor H. M. Gwatkin informs me
that the radula is quite normal, and that the figure given by Sars of Antalis striolata closely
represents it, except that in the present species the central tooth is a little wider and the inner
edge of the lateral makes a smoother muzzle. (E. A. Smith).

44. DentaliiDii Htmgerfordi Pilsbry & Sharp. PI. Il, fig. 30.

1888. Dentalluui compressiiin Sovvb., P. Z. S. p. 569, pi. 28, fig. 18.

1897. Dentalium Hiingerfordi Pilsbry & Sharp, Man. of Conch., vol. XVII, p. 84, pi. 6, fig. 83.

Not D. coiiipressuin Watson 1879.

Stat. 105. 6°8'N., 121° 19' E. 275 Metres. Coralbottom. i Spec. juv.

Diagnosis. Shell rather wide, almost straight, acute; unequally com-
pressed ; toward the apex slightly inclined. Tawny, irregularly banded with
brown. Sculptured with very numerous plano-convex unequal riblets, and cancel-
lated by but slightly conspicuous transverse striae. Slit long and narrow.
Aperture somewhat oval.

Fig. 21. Ant. apert.

oi D. Hungcrfordi. Lcugth 72, greatest diam. 12 mill.

D ist r i bu t i o n. Hongkong.

Remarks. A very distinct and remarkable species, more highly coloured than its
congeners; but it is chiefly distinguished by its curiously compressed form. A second specimen,
brought by Dr. Hungerford, is only 62 millimetres in length, and rather wider in proportion. It

1) D. Vcrncdei Soweib. measures : Length 90 — 130, diam. of aperture 11 — 15 mill.

39

is rather lighter in colour, but presents all the same characters confirming the specific importance
of the chief characteristic, which might otherwise have been thought accidental (Sowb.).

A young specimen was obtained measuring 30 mill., with a greatest diam. of 5 X 4,3 miH-
(lateral diam. first). It shows only the well curved apical part of the fuU-grown shell. It is whitish
with regular transverse bands of light brown; the ribs are irregularly impressed by the growthlines
and there is a narrow slit measuring 2,7 mill.

45. Dentalium Sibogae n. sp. PI. IV, flgs 17, 18.

Stat. 159. o°59'.iS., I29°48'.8E. 411 Metres. Coarse sand. i Spec.

Diagnosis. A big wide shell, totally straight but for a hardly perceptable
inclination at the top; trigonally compressed, the "excurved" side flat, the
"incurved" side with one very obtuse angle. Sculptured with numerous subequal
riblets, very like D. Hungerfordi. Apex with a long slit, measuring 8,5 mill.
Anterior aperture trigonal, the angles rounded. Length 70 mill. ; dorso-ventral
diam. of anterior apert. 10 mill. lateral diam. 15 mill., diam. of apex 2,2 mill.

Fig. 22. Ant. apert,
of D. Sibogae.

Remarks. Sibogae is nearly related to Hungerfordi. The difference lies in the shape,
Sibogae being quite flattened on the excurved side, while in Htingerfordi that side is convex.

Subgenus Tesseracme Filsbry & Sharp 1898.
1897. Tesseracme Pilsbry & Sharp, Manual of Conch., vol. XVII, p. 249.

Small or moderate sized shells with the tube square at and near the apex, having angles
on the convex, concave and two lateral sides, becoming subcircular at the aperture. Generally
costulate between the angles, sometimes smooth; the apical orifice occupying a short pipe, or
without this and square or round (P. & Sh.).

Key to Species.

I. The four primary ribs bifid or trifid dispar.

II. The four primary ribs serrate quadricostatum.

III. The four primary ribs not split or serrate.
a. Intervals smooth.

b. 2,2 riblets at aperture, greatest diameter about i r times the length. dipsycha.

b' . 36 riblets at aperture, greatest diameter about 6 or 7 times the length. quadrapieale.
a'. Intervals striated tetrapleurum.

46. Dentaliuvi dispar Sowerby. PI. II, figs 22, 23.

1860. Dentalium dtspar Sowerby, Thes. Conch. III, p. 103, pi. 224, fig. 37.
1872. Dentalium dispar Sowerby, Conch. Icon. XVIII, pi. 4, fig. 25.

40

i877- Dentalium dispar Sovveiby. Braziek, Proc. Linn. Soc. N. S. Wales II, p. 58.
1897. Dentalium dispar Sowerby. FiLSBRY & Sharp, Man. of Conch., vol. XVII, p. 32, pi. 4,
figs 52—56.

Stat. 181. Ambon. 54 Metres. Mud, sand and coral. i Spec.

Diagnosis. Shell rather slender, the length about 9 times the greatest diameter in
adults; earlier third well curved, the rest of the length but slightly arcuate; much attenuated
toward the fine apex; rather thin, white or bluish-white, glossy and brilliant. Sculpture: four
angled at apex (square in section), the angles dorsal, ventral and lateral, continuing as keels
which rapidly become obsolete (extending two thirds the length of shell in a specimen 15 mill.
long, but only one third the length in one 30 mill. in length) ; each of the four primary ribs
bifid or trifid in summit. Betvveen these angles, throughout their extent, the surface has very
fine longitudinal riblets; and not far from the apex a secondary rib arises in each of the four
faces, and continues as far as the primary ribs. The larger moiety of the shell is polished,
cylindrical, wholly free from longitudinal sculpture. Growth striae fine and inconspicuous.

Aperture slightly oblique, subcircular, the peristome thin ; anal orifice square with thin
walls, and without slit or notch.
Length 30, antero-posterior diam. of aperture 3 mill., lateral 3,2 mill. (P. & Sh.).

Distribution. Singapore (Sowerby S. Archer) Samar, Philippines (Sowb.) China Sea.
Darnley I. Torres Straits 30 fms (Chevert Exp.).

Remarks. The single specimen obtained by the Siboga has a length of 32 mill. with
a greatest diameter of 3,5 mill. The shell is rather transparent with many opaque bands. At a
distance of less than 10 mill. from the apex, the shell is smooth. There is a small wedgelike
notch at the apex, bordered by a slight rim, indicating the existence of a supplemental tube.

47. Dentalhim dipsycha Pilsbry & Sharp. PI. II, figs 24, 25.

1897. Dentalium dipsycha Pilsbry & Sharp, Man. of Conch., vol. XVII, p. 33, pi. 4, fig. 57 — 60.
Stat. 174. Waru bay, North coast of Ceram. 18 Metres. ]\Iud. i Spec.

Diaenosis. Shell slender, the length about 11 times the diam., well curved, attenuated
toward the apex; white, nearly lusterless. Sculpture: at and near the apex square in section,
with four acute, narrow, projecting, longitudinal pinched-up ribs, the spaces between flat; not
far from the apex in each face a median thread arises, and soon equals the primary four in
size ; each interval then bears a tertiary thread, and here the section of the tube has become
circular. At about the middle of the length another set of interstitial threads appear; so that
at the aperture there are 32 flat, equal, low, but abruptly defined riblets, separated by flat
interstices of about the sanie or slightly greater width. Interstices everywhere plain, except for
circular growth-lines, which are moderately obvious throughout.

Aperture rounded, somewhat compressed antero-posteriorly, the inner margin less curved;
hardly oblique; peristome thin. Anal orifice circular, occupying a very short tube. No slit.
Length 45, antero-posterior diam. of ajjerture 3,8, lateral diam. 4,1 mill. (P. «& Sn.).

41
Distribution hitherto unknown.

Remarks. This species difters from D. dispar in the simple primar}' ribs, lack of fine
even longitudinal striation, and persistance of the sculptiire to the aperture. D. quadrapicale is
aUied, but has a much more obhque aperture, more rapidly tapering tube, and though far
smaller, a greater number of much finer longitudinal riblets. (P. & Sii.).

The specimen obtained by the Siboga is not full-grown but it offers all the characters of
D. dipsxcha. It measures 23 milL, with a greatest diameter of 2 mill. and is much attenuated.
At the aperture there are 16 riblets, the last set of interstitial riblets having not yet appeared.
The four primary ribs though acute near the apex, become rapidly rounded, together with the
other ribs. They remain however very narrow.

*48. Dentaliimi quadricostatiiiu Brazier.

1877. Dentaluun qiiadricostatum Brazier, Proc. Linn. Soc. N. S. Wales II, p. 58.

1897. Dcntaliuui quadricostatinii. Brazier. PiLSBRV & Sharp, Man. of Conch. vol. XVII, p. 33.

Diagnosis. Shell white, very slightly arched, four angled, keel or rib at each angle,
rounded, finely serrated, interstices flat, marked with transverse lines ; apex perforated, perforation
entire; aperture angled. Length 16 mill., diam. of base 2 mill. (Brazier).

Distribution. Princess Charlotte Bay, North East Australia, 13 fms. York Island,
Torres Straits, 1 3 fms. Katow, New Guinea 8 fms (Chevert E.xp.).

Remarks. If this species is laid upon its side it forms a true square; when resting
with the arched part of the apex down, it forms four angles, with a serrated rib on each angle.
The 1 1 specimens from Katow, 1 6 from Princess Charlotte Bay, and i from York Island, all
have the same character. (Brazier).

49. Dentaluun ietrapleunini n. sp. PI. VI, fig. 37.

Stat. 4. 7°42'S., 114° 12.6 E. Anchorage off Djankar (Java). 9 Metres. Coarse sand. i Spec.
Stat. 279. Ruma-Kuda bay, Roma Island. 36 Metres. Mud and sand. i Spec.

Diagnosis. Shell moderately curved, white, rather .stout, square at the apex, rounded
at the aperture. Sculpture : four primary ribs at apex, soon foliowed by secondary and tertiary
ribs, giving a total number of 1 6 equally strong, rounded longitudinal ribs near the aperture.
Intervals concave and longitudinally striated throughout their extent. About 20 fine microscopical
striae in each undivided interval at the apex. Tube subcircular, a very little laterally compressed.
Aperture not very oblique. Anal orifice round, with a slight rim, the ribs not slit.

Leneth 22, sfreatest diameter 3 mill.

Remarks. The specimens obtained by the Siboga are not yet full-grown. Probably an
older individual would show one more set of interstitial striae, as in D. dipsycha. Is the general
system of sculpture in both species the same, still they can easily be distinguished by the inter-

SIBOGA-EXPEDITIE LIV. 6

42

stitial strialion, which lacks in /-'. dipsyclia and by the greater rate of increase of D. tctraplcnrum
which is altogether a more robust shell.

The South American D. quadrangulare agrees with tetraplcuruni in having longitudinally
striated interstices. Here however no secondary and tertiary riblets appear, while its rate of
increase is still greater than in our species.

50. Dcntaliimi quadrapica/c Hanley. PI. I, fig. 13.

1860. Dentalium qiiadrapicale Hanley MS. Sowerby, Thes. Conch. III, p. 103, pi. 225, fig. 61.
1872. Dentalium quadrapicaL' Hanley, Conch. Icon. pi. 7, fig. 46.

? Dcntaliitvi quadrapkale Hanley. Clessin, Conch. Cab. p. 13.
1897. Dcntaliiiin quadrapicalc Hanley. PiLSBRY & Sharp, Manual of Conch., vol. XVII, p. 34,
pi. 4, fig. 50.

Stat. 51. Madura bay and other localities in the southern part of Molo Strait. i Spec.

Diagnosis. Shell rather stout, apical third strongly curved, the remainder but slightly
arcuate ; white, shining. Sculpture : four angles at the apex (giving that part an almost square
section, the two outer sides of the square slightly longer), situated at the outer, inner and lateral
surfaces, the faces between them straight and flat ; these angles rapidly lose in prominence, and
the intervals become convex ; very near the apex each interval becomes parted by a secondary
riblet; and the interstices between these are again divided by tertiary threads at about the end
of the first third of the shell's length; and subdivision proceeds until at the aperture there are
about 36 low, subequal riblets, with narrow, shallow intervals, and the tube is subcircular, a
little flattened antero-posteriorly, in section. Growth striae faint. Aperture very oblique. Anal
orifice without slit or notch.

Length 20, length of aperture, measured obliquely 3V3, breadth 3 mill.
Length 31,5 mill. (original fig.) (P. & Sh.).
Length 40 mill. (reported by E. A. Smith).

Distribution. Cochin ; Malabar (Hanley Coll.). Coast of Travancore. 406 fms (Investi-
gator); Gulf of Oman (Melv. & Standen).

The foUowing is probably a description of an old specimen of D. qitadrapicalc Hanley.

Dentalium conspiatuui Melvill. PI. II, fig. 26.

1897. Dentalium conspicumn Melvill., Mém. and Proc. Manchester Lit. and Phil. Soc, XII,

pt 3, p. 21, pi. 7, fig. 28.
1897. Dcntaliiiin conspicuum Melvill. PiLSBRY & Sn ARP, Man. of Conch. vol. XVII, p. 248,

pl- 3:3. fig- 60.

Shell shining, subulate, arcuate, milk-white, longitudinally delicately striated, the striae
unequal, here thin and there thicker, spirally irregularly concentrically encircled by lirae; at the
apex octagonal, toward base vanishing, the base itself very smooth, rolund.
Length 1%, diam. ■'/i,; inch. (Melv.).

Kar ac hi.

43

A milk-white, conspicuous species, slightly arcuate, eight angled at the apex, the
longitudinal striae very unequal down the body of the shcll, and entirely vanishuig before the
base, which is very smooth and round at the orifice. It is concentrically unequally Hrate; two
specimens (Melv.).

I have compared the t\-pes in the British Museum and find them less tapering than
gtiadrapicale, while with the same length they have a greater diameter than in that species.
The apex is very wide having in one specimen a diameter of 1,5 in another of 2 mill. which
makes it very probable that the more attenuated foursided apex of the young shell has been
replaced by the octagonal part of the older shell.

Subgenus Antalis H. & A. Adams 1854.

1847. Entalis Gray, P. Z. S. p. 158. Not Entalis Sowerby 1839 = Pyrgopolon Montf. 18 10.

1854. Antalis H. & A. Adams, Gen. Proc. Moll. I, p. 457.

1894. Entaliopsis Newton & Harris, Proc. Malac. Soc. Lond. I, p. 66.

1897. Antalis H. & A. Adams. PiLSBRY & Sharp, Man. of Conch., vol. XVII, p. ij.

Shell circular or polygonal in section, sculptured with longitudinal ribs or striae at least
in the young, often without longitudinal sculpture in adults, or only so sculptured near the
apex; apex generally with a F-shaped notch at or near the convex side, or with a solid plug
and central short tube or orifice. Type D. entalis Linn. (P. & Sh.).

I have entered here a description of D. entalis L. though the common form of that
arctic species does not occur in the Indopacific province. I have distinguished the single specimen
obtained at Stat 159 as an Indian variety as it could hardly be separated from entalis, differing
only in some minor points.

*5i. Dentalium entalis Linné. PI. VI, figs 13, 14.

1758. Dentalium entalis Linné, Syst. Nat. (10), p. 785; (12), p. 1263.

1777. Dentalium entalis Linné. Pennant, Brit. Zool. IV, p. 145, pi. 90, fig. 154.

1818. Dentalium entalis Linné. Lamarck, An. s. Vert. V, p. 345.

1842. Dentalium entalis Linné. Reeve, Conch. syst. II, p. 6, pi. 130, fig. 3.

1853. Dentalium entalis Linné. FORBES & Hanley, Nat. Hist. Brit. Moll. Il, p. 449, pi. 57, fig. 11.

1865. Dentalium entalis Linné. JEFFREVS, Brit. Conch. III, p. 191, pi. 5, fig. i; V, fig. 55, fig. i.

1873. Dentalium entalis Linné. SOWERBV, Conch. Icon. XVIII, pi. VI, fig. 40.

1882. Dentalium entalis Linné. JEFFREYS, P. Z. S., p. 659.

1885. Dentalium entalis Linné. WatsoN, Chall. Scaph. p. 5.

1897. Dentalium entalis Linné. PiLSBRY & Sharp, Man. of Conch. XVII, p. 42, pi. 8, fig. 25.

Dentalium striolatum Stimpson, Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist. IV, p. 114 (185 1).
Not D. striolatum Jeftreys, Watson or Sars.
Not D. striolatum Risso (1826).

Diagnosis. Shell tapering, not much curved, often irregularly divided into segments by
the successive accretions of growth ; it is solid, opaque and glossy. Sculpture; slight concentfic
lines of crrowth, and occasionally a few indistinct and extremely fine longitudinal striae towards
the narrower end, these striae, when they occur, are not very numerous, and are only visible
with the aid of a magnifier; color ivory-white, with sometimes an ochreous stain on the narrower
nart, caused by an admixture of mud with the sand in which this species burrows: margin at

44

tlu' anterior or broader end more or less jagged, owing to that part of the shell being newly
formed and consequently nnich thinner than other parts-, at the posterior or narrower end it is
usually truncated in adult specimens, and furnished with a very short sloping and oblique pipe
or tubular appendage having a pear-shaped orifice-, there is also occasionally at the point on
the convex side a notch or groove, in a hne with the front or smaller part of the tubular
appendage, and this notch is rarely extended into a short and narrow slit or channel.
Length 37 — 42, diam. of aperture 4,5 — 5 mill.

Distribution. Spitzbergen, Scandinavia, Iceland, and atlantic coasts of Europe, south
to Spain, 3 — 1750 fms. Coasts of Maine and Massachusetts north to Bay of Fundy.

Var. itidicum n. var. PI. VI, fig. 15.

Stat. 159. o°59'.iS., I29°48'.8E. 411 Metres. Coarse sand. i spec.

Very similar to D. cntalis but more slender, very glossy and entirely without longitudinal
sculpture. Apical notch on the convex side rather deep and extending into a very short
(0,04 mill.) .slit. Tubular appendage very long (1,4 mill) slightly laterally compressed. Anterior
aperture very little oblique, dorso-ventrally compressed.
Length 26, lateral diam. of apert. 3,8, dorso-ventral diam. of apert. 3,4 mill.

Subgenus Graptacme Pilsbry & Sharp 1897.
1897. Graptacuic Pilsbry & Sharp, Man. of Conch., vol. XVII, p. 85.

Surface sculptured with close, fine, deeply engraved longitudinal striae near the apex,
the remainder smooth; or rarely the striae persist half or all the length. Moderate sized or
small species, cyhndrical in section, and white or nearly so. (P. & Sh.).

D. usitahtm is new to this group and bigger than the majority belonging to it.

The group is distributed over Antillean, Panamic and Indopacific regions.

K e y t o species.

Striae covering one seventh and less of shell; length 30 — 40 mill., about 12 — 14

times the diam aciculitiit.

Striae covering more than one seventh of the shell;

a. Length 45 — 65 mill., about g — 11 times the diam Jisitatuui.

b. Length 40 — 50 mill., about 20 times the diam acutissimuni.

52. Dentaliiun jisifatum E. A. .Smith. PI. V, figs 6, 7, 8.

1894. DcntaliHin iisitatuni Smith, Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (6), XIV, p. 168, pi. 4, fig. 16, \6a.
1897. Dentalüim iisitatuui Smith. PiLSBRV & Sharp, Manual of Conch., vol. XVII, p. 29,
pi. 10, figs. 68, 69.

Stat. 88. o°34'.6N., 119° 8'.5 E. Celebes Sea. 1301 Metres. Fine grey mud. 6 Spec.
Stat. 211. 5°4o'.7S., I20°4S'.S E. Banda Sea. 1158 Metres. Coarse grey mud. 3 Spec.
Stat. 300. io°48'.6S., 123° 23'.! PL. Timor Sea. 918 Metre.s. Fine grey mud. 2 Spec.

45

Diagnosis. A beautiful big white shell, well curved, tapering. Sculpture : 20 — 35
fine riblets at apex, separated by wider intervals. Intervals flat and shallow, microscopically
longitudinally striated, seen under a strong lens. Longitudinal sculpture very distinct for about
one fourth to one third the shell's length (in young specimens four about the half) losing anteriorly
in prominence but remaining superficially visible over some length. Anterior half or third of the
shell quite smooth, brilliant white, with oblique growth striae only. Apex often entire, but also
with a slit; anterior aperture circular. thin edged, generally oblique, parallel to the growth lines.
Length 65 mill., diam. of aperture 7 mill.
Length 51 mill., diam. of aperture 5 mill.
Length 50 mill., diam. of aperture 4,5 mill.
Length 45 mill., diam. of aperture 4 mill.

D i s t r i b u t i o n. Off Colombo, Ceylon in Ó75 fms; Bay of Bengal in 597 fms. (Investigator).

Remarks. The specimens obtained by the Investigator and described by Mr E. A. Smith
were only the apical parts of the shell. Aftervvards entire specimens were brought to the British
Museum which have been identified with tisitatuni by Mr E. A. Smith. The Siboga specimens
proved on comparison to be the same. Of those, four have a well-developed .slit measuring in
one 3 mill.; the others have the apex entire.

53. Dentalmm amtissinium Watson. PI. II, fig. 39. PI. V, figs 9, 10, 11, 12.

1879. Dentalinni acutissimum Watson, Journ. Linn. Soc. Lond., vol. XIV.

1886. Dcntaliuin acutissimum Watson, Challenger Report, p. 8, pi. i, fig. 8.

1897. Dentalmm acutissimum Watson. PiLSBRV & Sharp, Man. of Conch. vol. XVII, p. 94,
pi. 20, fig. 26.

Stat. 88. o°34'.6N., 119° 8'. 5 E. Celebes Sea. 130 1 Metres. Fine grey mud. 12 Spec.
Stat. 211. 5°4o'.7S., I20°45'.5 E. Banda Sea. 1158 Metres. Coarse grey mud. 4 Spec.
Stat. 300. io°48'.6S., I23°23'.i E. Timor Sea. 918 Metres. Fine grey mud. 2 Spec.

Diagnosis. Shell long and much attenuated, rather straight and very regularly curved,
very thin, brilliant and glassy. Sculpture: The surface is cros.sed by fine, sharpish, irregular
striae, which run very elliptically round. In the young shell the surface is regularly and finely
scratched by a great number of close-set, regular. sharp and extremely minute lines, which
very gradually become more and more faint, but are still traceable even in the full-grown shell.
The color is pure white, transparent, and almost hyaline in the fresh shell, but in the dead
shell the interior (not, as usual, the exterior) layers of the shell become opaque and chalky.
The edge is very thin and irregularly broken. At the apex the end is abruptly broken off in
one specimen, and in the other there is an irregular fissure with an internal lining process. In
one specimen from Station 246, which is full-grown, but very short, a large, thin, irregularly
shaped process projects, which, being obliquely cut off somewhat across the shell. supplies the
anal orifice.

Length 1,52 inch, of young specimen from Station 218; breadth at mouth 0,12, at apex
0,026 inch. Length 1,14 of old and broken specimen. Station 246; breadth at mouth 0,23, at
apex 0,14 inch. (Watsox).

46
D istr ibu t i o n. North of Papua 1070 fms; mid-Pacitic E. of Japan, 2050 fms. (Challenger).

Remarks. This shell is rather like D. 7tsitatuin, but is more slender and more attenuated.
Tlie number of the riblets near the apex varies between 40 and 45. It is rather curious that
it occurred at exactly the same stations as tisitatum.

Here follow the measurements :

a. Length 51,5 mill., diam. of aperture 2,8 mill.

b. Length 50 mill., diam. of aperture 2,5 mill.

c. Length 50 mill., diam. of aperture 3,2 mill.

d. Length 45 mill., diam. of aperture 3 mill.

54. Dentalium aciculum Gould. PI. II, fig. 36. PI. V, figs 13, 14.

1859. DentaÜHvi aciaduin Gould, Proc. Bost. Soc. N. H. VII, p. 165.

? Dentalium aciculum Gould, Otia Conch., p. 119.

1872. Dentalium acicitlnm Gould. SOWERBY, Conch. Icon. XVIII, pi. 7, fig. 52.

1897. Dentalium aciculum Gould. PiLSBRY & Sharp, Man. of Conch., vol. XVII, p. 7, fig. 52.

Stat. 52. 9°3'.4S., 119° 56'. 7 E. Sumba Sea. 959 Metres. Globigerina ooze. i Spec.
Stat. 133. Anchorage off Lirung, Salibabu-island. Up to 36 Metres. 4 Spec.

Diagnosis. .Shell slender, considerably tapering, attenuated posteriorly, moderately
curved throughout but more toward the apex ; glossy white, nearly opaque. Sculpture of fine,
close, deepty engraved longitudinal striae near the apex (extending over only a seventh the
total length in the type specimen), the remainder of the shell smooth and polished, with faint
growth striae only. Aperture circular, a trifle oblique. Anal orifice with a slight notch on the
convex side and a concave wave on the opposite part. Length 24, diam. at aperture 2,55, at
apex 0,6 mill. (P. & Sii.).

D ist rib u t i on. Coast of China 23^50' N. lat., in 25 fms.

Remarks. The two Siboga-specimens obtained at different stations, are both longer

than the type. The measurements are :

a. Length 41 mill, diam. of apert. 2,8 mill.

b. Length 41 mill., diam. of apert. 3 mill.

There are moreover two specimens in the Museum of Amsterdam, also bigger than the
tyjje and measuring :

a. Length 40,5 mill., diam. of apert. 3,2 mill.

b. Length 35 mill., diam. of apert. 2,6 mill.

All have a slieht notch on the outer and a concave wave on the inner curve. The
specimen of Stat. 133 has also a slight indication of a supplemental tube.

Subgenus Kpisiphon Pilsbry & Sharp 1897.
Episiphon Pilsbry & Sharp, Manual of Conchology, vol. XVII, p. 117.
Small, very slender, rather straight shells, needle-shaped or truncated, slightly tapering,

47

thin and fragile, glossy and smooth, or at least without longitudinal sculpture; apex with a
projecting pipe or a simjde orifice; no slit, rarely a notch.

Inhabitants of moderately or very deep water in the Mediterranean, Atlantic, Gulf of
Mexico and Pacific.

The small accessory tube or pipe at the apex is frequently developed in most, perhaps
all, of the species grouped here; although most young and many adult shells lack it. (P. & Sh.).

The subgenus EpisipJion consisted hitherto of 7 species of which D. siibrecUun Jeffreys
only habitated the Indo pacific province. Most of the species are rather hard to distinguish,
the difterences being principally based on highly variable characters, as size, rate of increase,
curvature and colour. Young specimens are often very different from adults of the same species,
as is proved by D. carneiLiii of which one specimen measuring 18,5 mill. has a greatest diam.
of 1,4 mill. while a much younger individual measuring 15,5 mill., has a greatest diam. of
0,8 mill. It is therefore often practically impossible to draw conclusions about the species, if
the material is not large enough.

Key to Species.

a. Shell whitish or delicately salmon-tinted subrectum.

b. Shell deeply flesh-coloured carnetim.

55. Dc7ita.liui)i siibrcctuiu Linné. PI. VI, figs 46 — 50.

1882. Dentalhtui subrectum Jeffreys, Proc. Zool. Soc. p. 661 (see under D. filuiiï).

1897. Dcntaliuui subrectum Jeffreys. PiLSBRY & Sharp, Man. of Conch., vol. XVII, p. 119,

pi. 18, fig. 5-
Dcntaliuin subrectum Sowerby in part. (those reported from the Philippines) Conch.

Icon., pi. 5, fig. 31 (not fig. 32!) 1860.

Stat. 4. Anchorage oft" Djankar (Java) 7°42'.6S., ii4°i2'.6E. 9 Metres. Coarse sand. i Spec.

Diagnosis. Shell acicular or needle-shaped, thin, extremely slender, tapering almost
to a point, nearly straight, translucent whitish, with the faintest reddish tint from the middle
to the apex. Surface very glossy, smooth, with faint growth striae only. Aperture not oblique,
circular. Anal orifice minute, circular, with thin, entire edge. Length 16, diam. of aperture i mill.

Distribution. Philippines (Cuming); Batavia (Prof. Sluiter).

R e m a r k s. A young specimen was obtained by the Siboga. It is much acuminated and
with a length of 16 mill. has a greatest diam. of i mill. There are moreover several specimens
brouo-ht by Prof. Sluiter from Batavia. I have identified them with subrectum., and hold them
for older than Jeffreys' types. Here follows a more exact description of .Sluiter's specimens :
Shell narrow, slender, cylindrical, moderately curved, acuminated in young, truncated in adults ;
quite smooth, with hardly perceptible growth striae; colour whitish, very delicately salmon-tinted,
especially near the shell's middle, with some opaque white bands. Apex attenuated and simple
or truncated with very thick walls and a small supplemental tube. Anterior aperture rounded,
sometimes a little oblique.

48

Length 2 1 mill, diam. of apert. i.6 mill, of apex 1,2 mill.

Leno-th 22 mill., diam. of apert. 1,6 mill., of ape.x 0,2 mill.

Length 16,2 mill., diam. of apert. 1,5 mill., of apex 1,2 mill.

Length 16 mill., diam. of apert. 1,1 mill., of apex 0,4 mill.

56. Dental iuni carnc7nit n. sp. PI. YI, figs 42 — 45.

Stat. 45. 7° 24' S., 118° 15.2 E. Flores Sea. 794 Metres. Fine grey mud. 15 Spec.
Stat. 300. io°48'.6S., 123° 23'.! E. Timor Sea. 918 Metres. Fine grey mud. i Spec.
Stat. 181. Ambon. Mud, sand and coral. 54 Metres. 2 Spec.

Diagnosis. Shell more slender than subrechim, and more curved, cylindrical. Reddish
brown or salmon coloured, becoming a little lighter coloured toward the anterior aperture; often
with some opaque white bands. Apex truncated, with a small supplemental tube; the young
very acicular.

Length 22,5 mill., diam. of apert. 1,3 mill., of apex 0,6 mill.
Length 20,5 mill., diam. of apert. 1,4 mill., of apex 0,5 mill.
Length 18,5 mill., diam. of apert. 1,4 mill., of apex 0,6 mill.

Measurements of very young individual :
Length 15,5 mill., diam. of apert. 0,8 mill, of apex 0,08 mill.

Remarks. This species greatly resembles subrectum but is rather more curved, decidedly
more slender, and more deeply coloured. None of the specimens examined are as broadly
truncated as some of the specimens brought by Mr Sluiter of subrechnii, the diameter of the
apex exceeding nowhere 0,6 mill.

It is also very like the Panamic D. innumerabile P. & Sh. but is distinguished from that
species, by being cylindrical, while innumerabile is laterally compressed and proportionally broader.

Subgenus Bathoxiphus Pilsbry & Sharp 1897.
Bathoxiphus Pilsbry & Sharp, Man. of Conch., vol. XVII, p. 121. Type D. eitsin////s ]effreys.

Shell thin, conspicuously compressed laterally, nearly or quite smooth, with a broad slit
on the convex side of apex. (P. & Sh.).

57. Dcntaliniu. tricarinahiiu n. sp. PI. VI, figs 40, 41.

Stat. 178. 2°40' S., 128° 37'. 5 E. Ceram Sea. 835 Metres. Blue mud. 3 Spec.

Stat. 208. 5° 39' S., 122° 12' E. Banda Sea. 1886 Metres. Solid green mud. i Spec.

Stat. 211. 5°4o'.7S., I20°45'.5 E. Banda Sea. 1158 Metres. Coarse grey mud, superficiallayer

more liquid and brown. i Spec.
Stat. 300. iO°48.6S., 123° 23. i E. Timor Sea. 918 Metres. Fine grey mud. 2 Spec.

Diagnosis. Shell considerably curved, strongly laterally compressed, forming thus a
narrow arch on the outer, and a sharp keel on the inner curve. Besides these there are two
lateral longitudinal keels or ribs, running closer to the concave side. Arch and keels sharp at
and near apex, becoming blunter toward the anterior aperture. Colour white, porcellanous, with

49

numerous close growth striae, also visible on the ribs. Apex with a wide deep slit totally cutting

away the convex side of the apex over a varying distance of 0.5 to 1,5 mill.

Martin on the convex side thin-edged on the concave side thick-edged. Anterior

aperture keeled on the inner and narrowly arched on the outer margin, not oblique.

a. Length 21,5 mill., diameter of apert. 2,5 X 1,6 mill. j,.^ ,

è. Length 19 mill.. diameter of apert. 2,2 X lö mill. .\nterior aperture

c. Length 15 mill., diameter of apert. 2,2 X i-5 niill.

First is given the antero-posterior, then the lateral diameter, measured between the
lateral keels.

Remarks. This form brings a second species into the subgenus Bathoxiphus. The only
hitherto known species of that subgenus, D. ensicubcs Jeffreys is distributed over the eastern
and western Atlantic, Gulf of Mexico and the West-hidies. Both species are nearly allied, but
t)'icarinat7ii)i is shorter and more curved, has two prominent lateral keels and the slit is less
long than in citsiculiis.

Subgenus Gadilina F'oresti 1895.

1895. Gadilina Foresti, Buil. della Soc. Mal. Italiana XIX, p. 259.

1897. Gadilina Foresti. Sacco, I MoUuschi del Piemonte e della Liguria, Parte XXII, p. 113.

1897. Gadilina Foresti. PiLSBRY & Sharp, Man. of Conch., vol. XVII, p. xxxii.

Shell smooth and slender, triangular or faintly triangular in section ; the concave side
flattened, the convex side rounded. Type D. triqtietriiDi Brocchi.

This group was ranked as a subgenus of Siphonodentali?i >ii , but examination of the living
animal brought to light that it belongs to the Dentalidae, the foot having the regular epodial
sheath of species belonging to that family.

K e y t o Species.

l. Shell decidedly trigonal.

a. The angles strongly accentuated stapes.

a' . The angles more rounded msolitum.

IL Shell cylindrical or faintly trigonal. ,

a. Shell very slender and attenuated pachypleuricm.

a . Apex strongly truncated trnncatum.

58. Dentali2nn insolitum E. A. Smith. PI. V, fig. 15. PI. \T, figs 80, 82, 84.

1894. DentaliuiiL tnsolitum E. A. Smith, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (6) XIV, p. 168, pi. 4, fig. 17, \'ja.
1897. Dcntaliuiii insclitum E. A. Smith. PiLSBRY & Sharp, Man. of Conch., vol. XVII, p. 109,

pi. 22, figs 56, 57.

Stat. 45. 7°24'S., 118° 15.2 E. Flores Sea. 794 Metres. Fine grey mud, with some Radiolariae

and diatomes. i Spec.
Stat. 52. 9° 3'.4 S., 119° 56'. 7 E. Sumba Sea. 959 Metres. Globigerina ooze. 3 Spec.

smOGA-EXPEDITIE LIV. 7

5°

Stat. 95. 5°43'.5 N., ii9°4o'E. Sulu Archipelago. 522 Metres. Stony bottom. i Fragment.

Stat. 178. 2°4o' S., I28°37'.5E. Ceram Sea. 835 Metres. Blue mud. 2 Spec.

Stat. 300. io°48'.6S., i23°23'.iE. Timor Sea. 918 Metres. Fine grey mud. ± 23 spec.

Diagnosis. Shell smooth, slender, rather strongly curved, three.sided, flattened on the

inner, rounded on the outer curve. The inner or convex side is defined by

( \ lateral angles, rather sharp near the apex but becoming anteriorly more rounded.

Apex with a wide shallow notch and a tubular (in sonie specimens rather lon<')
Fig. 24. ^ _ _ V i ,^;

Section neai- the .->pex appendage. Somctimes the tube is also notched. Great many specimens have
the apex broken and it is then visible on the section that the inner margin is
thickened, while the outer margin is thin edged. They enclose a round opening. Anterior aperture
trigonal, with rounded corners. Shell brilliantly white, transparent in live state, porcellanous
when dead. Alany superficial growth striae with here and there a deeper circular line.
Length 46 mill., diam. at aperture measured along the inner margin 3 mill.

D i s t r i b u t i o n. Bay of Bengal in 597 fms. (Investigator).

R e m a r k s. This shell is nearly allied to the fossil Gadilina triquetra Br. of the lower
Miocene of Piedmont (Sacco, I Moll. del. Piem. e delle Lig. Pt. XXII, p. 113, Tav. X, figs
35 — 43) and to Dentalium trigonale K. Martin (Samml. Geol. Reichsmus. Leiden, i''^ Serie,
Bd III, 18S3 — 'è"i, Tab. X, Fig. 192) of the Java Tertiary.

The Siboga-specimens show the characters of D. insolititiii rather strongly accentuated,
but after comparison with the types in the British Museum, I find the difference to be too small,
to justify a separation. Gadilina triqji-etra Br. obligingly sent to me by Prof. Sacco from the
]\Iuseum of Torino seems to be an intermediate form between insolitjtiii and stapes.

59. Dentalium stapes n. sp. PI. V, figs 16 — 20. PI. VI, figs 79, 81, 83.

Stat. 212. 5°54'.5S., 120° 19'. 2 E. Banda Sea. 462 Metres. Fine grey and green mud. ± 35 Spec.

Diagnosis. Shell moderately curved, finely tapering, threesided, sharply keeled on the
convex, flattened on the concave side. Keel on the outer curve high and
narrow, with flat lateral walls; wall on the inner curve (seen on a transverse
section) very faintly convex and sometimes slightly sunken between the
F'g- ^5- protruding lateral angles (at least near the apex). Toward the anterior aperture

Anterior aperture and

section near the apex tli^ keel and augles become blunter, the surface of the sides more convex,
of D. stapes. j^j^jj. jj.jg trigonal form remains clearly noticeable to the end. Apex extremely

attenuated, very slightly notched, and sometimes with a supplemental tube. In some much
attenuated specimens the apex is microscopically, longitudinally striated. The top has the shape
of a horse-shoe, the anal orifice being pear- or egg-shaped, while the inner margin is flat and
thick-edged, the outer margin arched and thin-edged. Anterior aperture decidedly trigonal.
Minute growth striae, close and superficial with .some deeply incised lines.
Length 47 mill., diam. of aperture, measured along the inner margin, 2,1 mill.
Length 44 mill., diam. of aperture, measured as above 2,4 mill.

Remarks. D. insolituiii and stapes are nearly allied. Anteriorly the shells are much

51

alike and fragments of both species, showing only the anterior parts, could easily be mistaken
for each ether. Posteriorly however the difference is marked. In stapes the longitudinal angles
are much sharper, the arch on the convex side is narrower, and higher in proportion to the
Bat face than in insolitiiin, while the sides are less convex. Also in stapes the rate of increase
is smaller than in insolituin.

60. Den hl /lil l/l paihyplcuruiii n. sp. PI. V, figs 21, 22.

Stat. 208. 5°39'S., 122° 12' E. Banda Sea. 18S6 Metres. Solid green mud. 2 Spec.
Stat. 271. 5°46'.7S., 134° o' E. Arafura Sea. 1788 Metres. Bluish green mud of a uniform

appearance. i Spec.

Diagnosis. Shell very slender, moderately curved, smooth, white and brilliant, without
longitudinal sculpture; cylindrical, but the convex side is very slightly laterally ƒ=^

compressed reminding one of forms like stapes and insolitiun. A transverse ll^_^

section near the apex shows that the wall on the concave curve is thickened, pjg 26.

which is also the case in the preceding species; there is however not the faintest Section near the apex

r !s r 1 oi D. pachyplcuriim.

tracé of longitudinal angularity. Apex thick-edged with a supplemental tube.
Growth striae hardly noticeable. Anterior aperture subcircular, thin-edged.
Length 46 mill., greatest diam. 2,4 mill.
Length 36 mill., greatest diam. 1,9 mill.

61. Dentaliiiiit friincafm/i n. sp. PI. VI, fig.

o j-

Stat. 90. 1° I7'.5 N., 118° 53' E. Celebes Sea. 281 Metres. Coral sand and stones. i Spec.
Stat. 256. s°26'.6S., 132° 32'. 5 E. Arafura Sea. 397 Metres. Greyish green mud. 2 Spec.

Diagnosis. Shell slightly but evenly curved, cylindrical or faintly trigonally compressed
in the way of insolitiiiii. White and brilliant, nearly smooth but for some deeply ^r-^

incised wrinkles near the apex. Apex faintly trigonal, strongly truncated, thick- 4^gJ

edeed with a minute orifice and a short supplemental tube. Anterior aperture

'^ Fig. 27. .^pex

subcircular, thin-edged, a little oblique. oi d. trunaunm.

Length 18 mill., diam. of anterior apert. 1,5 of apex 1,4 mill.

Length 16 mill., diam. of anterior apert. 1,6 of apex 1,1 mill.

Length 23 mill., diam. of anterior apert. 2,3 of apex 1,4 mill.

Remarks. All the specimens show deep irregular fissures where the shell after breakage
has been repaired. The concentric lines near the apex remind one of the group of D. tracheatimi.
The specimen of Stat. 90 has them over its whole surface while the others are anteriorly quite
smooth with superficial growth striae onl)-.

Subgenus Laevidentalium Cossmann 1888.

1888. Laevidentaliian Cossmann, Ann. de la Soc. Roy. Malac. de Belgique, XXIII, p. 9.
1897. Laevidentalium Cossmann. PiLSBRV & Sll.VRP, Man. of Conch., vol. XVII, p. 97.

Shell of moderate or large .size, smooth, with growth lines only, circular or slighdy oval in
section ; apex simple (typically), or with a short notch on the convex side as in Antalis. (P. & Sh.).

52

Key to Species.

I. Shell with numerous unequal annular swellings ebtwneum.

II. Shell strongly curved. Length 90 mill., about 19 times the diam. . . . longitrors7ini.
III. Shell moderately curved.

a. Apex entire, simple. Length 30 mill., 12 times the diam lacteitm.

ó. Apex thickened. Length 40 — 45 mill., 13 — 14 times the diam. . . . banale,
c. Apex with a notch on the convex side and a smaller one on the concave

side. Length 33,5 about 1 1 times the diam bisinuatum.

*62. Dentalmm longitrorstuii Reeve. PI. II, fig. 33, 331:7.

1842. Dentalitim longitrorsuin Reeve, P. Z. S. 1842, p. 197.

? DentaliHui longitrorsuin Reeve, Conch. Syst. II, p. 6, pi. 130, fig. 6.
1860. Dentalium longitrorsiim Reeve. SOWERBY, Thes. Conch. III, p. 98, pi. 225, figs 59, 60.
1872. Dentalium longitrorsiim Reeve, Conch. Icon. XVIII, pi. 2, figs (^a, b.
1877. Dentalium longitrorsum Reeve. Brazier, Proc. Linn. Soc. N. S. Wales, II, p. 59.
1879. Dentalium longitrorsuui Reeve. Watson, Journ. Linn. Soc. Lond., XIV, p. 515.
1885. Dentalium longitrorsum Reeve. Watson, Challenger Scaph.
1893. Dentalium longitrorsum Reeve. COOKE, Ann. Mag. N. H. (5), XVI, p. 271.
1897. Dentalium longitrorsum Reeve. PiLSBRY & Sharp, Man. of Conch., vol. XVII, p. iii,
pi. 20, figs 35, 36.

? Dentalium lamarckii Chenu, Illustr. Conch. I, Dent., p. 5, pi. 6, figs 15, 15^.

? Dentalium longitrorsum Paetel. Catalog I, p. 593.

Diagnosis. Shell much and evenly curved, very long and slender, the length (of chord)
about 19 times the greatest diameter; thin, but solid, polished, amber or carnelian colored or
tinted, or pure white. Sculpture none, save inconspicuous growth lines. Aperture circular, the
peristome thin. Anal orifice circular, entire or ovate, and with a slight notch slightly aside
from the middle on the convex side.
Length 89, diam. of aperture 4,7, height of arch from chord 16 mill. (From Pilsbrv).

D ist ribu tion. Darnley Island, Torres Straits 30 fms, sandy mud (Chevert Exp.); west
of Cape York, south-west of Papua, 25 fms (Challenger Exp.); Bombay (Melv. & Abercombre) ;
Gulf of Suez (Mac-Andrew); Philippines (Sowerby; Philad. Acad. coll.; Zool. Mus. of Amsterdam);
Zanzibar & China (Brit. Mus.).

Remarks. The biggest specimen at the Zool. Mus. of Amsterdam has a length of 85
with a greatest diam. of 5 mill. It is light yellow with some darker bands.

63. Dentalium eburncuDi Linné. PI. II, fig. 31. PI. IV, figs 10, II.

1767. Dentalium eburneuin Linné, Syst. Nat. (12), p. 1264.
i8i8. Dentalium eburncum Linné. Lamarck, An. s. Vert. V, p. 346.
1860. Dentalium eburneum Linné. SoWERBY, Thes. Conch. III, p. 98, pi. 225, fig. 53.
1872. Dentalium eburneum Linné, Conch. Icon. XVIII, pi 3, fig. 16.

1897. Dentalium eburneum Linné. PiLSBRY & Sharp, Man. of Conch., vol. XVII, p. 115.
pi. 20, figs 33, 34.

1897. Dcntaliuut indicniii Chenu, Illustr. Conchyl. I, Dentalium p. 4, pi. 3, fig. 11.

? Dciitalimii novaelioUandiae Chenu Illustr. conchyl. I, p. 5, pi. 6, fig. 14.
1860. Dentalium Fliilippinartiin Sovverby, Thes. Conch. III, p. 98, pi. 225, fig. 54.
1872. Dentaliuvi Plülippinarnm Reeve's Conch. Icon. XVIII, pi. 3, fig. 18.
Not Dentalmni ebitnieuvi Deshayes Mem. Soc. Hist. Nat. Paris i^ii, = D. poliiuin Linné.

Stat. 4. Anchorage oft' Djankar (Java) 7°42 S., 114° 12.6 E. 9 Metres. Coarse sand. 2 Spec.

Stat. 174. Waru-bay, North coast of Ceram. 18 Metres. Mud. 2 Spec.

Stat. 294. 10° 12.2 S., 124° 27'. 3 E. Timor Sea. 73 Metres. Soft mud with very fine sand. i spec.

Stat. 296. Anchorage ofïNoimini, South coast of Timor. io°i4'S., I24°5'.5 E. Sandy mud. 4Spec.

Diagno-sis. Shell long and slender, moderately arcuate, attenuated posteriorly, the
length about 12','., tinies the diani.; rather thin; white, shining. Sculpture of numerous, unequal,
irregularly spaced encircling ribs, rather low and rounded, with fine growth lines throiighout;
sometimes showing traces of longitudinal striation in places. Aperture subcircular or rounded-
ovate, narrower toward the concave side ; peristome thin. Anal orifice small, roundecl-oval, the
greatest diameter antero-posterior ; a slight notch on the convex .side or none.
Length 95, antero-posterior diam. apert. 4,7, lateral diam. 4,5, diam apex 0,9 mill.
Length 66, diameters of apert. 5,3 of apex 0,9 mill. (P. & Sn.).

D is t ri bu t io n. Singapore; Sullivan Island, Mergui Archipelago in 7 fms (Anderson);
Siam ; Philippines ; Java.

Remarks. This .species is easily recognised by the numerous circular swellings of the
tube. Generally after each .swelling there is a more cleeply incised growthline.

I hold D. Philippinarum Sowb. to be only a name for young specimens of cburneuin.
Most of the Siboga specimens are young; they are reddish or golden brown, much attenuated,
very narrow and sometimes striated near the apex. In older specimens the colour becomes
lighter, the diameter increases proportionally and the elevated concentric rings become stronger.

SowERBY thus describes it :

D. Phillippinariim Sowerb}\

Shell elongated, very narrow, rather .straight, semipellucid, highly polished, somewhat
golden brown banded with numerous elevated concentric rings ; apex attenuated; apical fissure
very short.

Isl. Samar, Philippines.

Generally of a darker golden brown colour, much narrower and straighter than Dciita-
Hhii! cburneiim.

Several fine specimens of D. eburneum are at the Zool. Mus. of Amsterdam. One of
these struck me as rather peculiar : in place of the low variceal rings, the tube shows only
some irregularities of growth, while the apex is striated. The surface is verj- smooth and brilliant
with numerous inconspicuous growthlines. The growthlines are at regular distances and rather
deeply incised. Toward the anterior aperture the tube shows tendency of forming concentric
rin^s. This fact convinced me that this shell, though distinguished by some minute details,
belongs to D. cdu mat m.

54

D. novae hollandiae Chenu proved after comparison to be exactly like our peculiar
specimen of eburneuin, but here the tendency to fonn variceal rings is yet a little strenger, as
mav be seen on the photograph PI. IV, fig. 13 made after a specimen of the Mus. d'hist. nat.
of Paris. Here foUows Chenu's description; transcribed from Pilsbry & Sharp p. 93;

D. novaehollandiae Chenu. PI. IV, fig. 12 and 13.

Shell subarcuate whitish, smooth anteriorly, with very minute striae on the posterior third.
A species of large size, white, glossy, remarkable for the fine striation of the upper (smaller)
end, while the larger portion is smooth with faint growth striae only.
Length 76, diam. of aperture 4,2 mill. (from fig.) (Chenu).

A u s t r a 1 i a.

The smooth form of ekirneiiui might be considered a variety and then be called var.
novaehollandiae.

*64. Dentaliiiin lacteuiu Deshayes. PI. I, fig. 21. PI. VI, fig. 35.

1825. Dentalium lacteum Deshayes, Mém. Soc. Hist. Nat. Paris, II, p. 362, pi. ló, fig. 27.

1866. Dentalium lacteum Deshayes. SüWERBY, Thes. Conch. III, p. 98, pi. 225, fig. 48.

1873. Dentalium lacteum Deshayes, Conch. Icon. pi. VI, fig. 37.

1897. Dentalium lacteum Deshayes. PiLSBRY & Sharp, Manual of Conch., vol. XVII, p. 99,
pi. 19, fig. I.

Diagnosis. Shell cylindrical, somewhat curved, very smooth and polished, whitish,
milky, subtranslucent.

Smaller than entalis, and proportionately less in diameter, invariably of a milky sub-
transparent color, thinner than entalis and not striated at the small end.
Length 30, diam. 2V. mill. at the base. No slit. (P. & Sh. from Dksh.).

D istribu tio n. India (Desk.); Seychelles (Mus. d'hist. nat. Paris).

R e m a r k s. This species has not been obtained by the Siboga. At first I thought I
could identify one specimen with lacteum but after more careful examination this proved to be
D. subtorquatnm Fischer, being transversely striated near the apex. There are in the collection
of the Zoological Museum of Amsterdam several specimens labelled D. lactcuDi Desh. They had
suffered from time and dust and after having been cleaned proved to hold several specimens
with a striated apex. The same happened to be the case with specimens examined at the
British Museum and with some obligingly sent to me by Mr Joubin from the Mus. d'Hist. Nat.
of Paris. Of the nine Paris specimens three are longitudinally striated at the apex; of these, two
have a small slit on the convex side, one of which has a slight wave on the opposite side,
internally lined with a small rim, reminding one cjf forms in the group of D. sanislriaütat.
Deshayes in his Monograph especially mentions the fact that D. lactcttiii is not striated at the
apex, so that these striated specimens cannot belong to that species. As I have seen no fresh
striated specimens, I cannot judge with certainty to what species they then belong, but hold it
for possible that some at least may prove to be D. aciailuiu.

D3

The smooth specimens alone deserving the name of lacfann it remains a question whether
this species is really well defined, a question however I liave no means of answering.

*65. Dentalmni öisiniiafuin André. PI. II, fig. 29.

1896. DcntaUii))i bisinnatuui i\ndré, Revue Suisse de Zool. et Ann. du Mus. d'Hist. Nat. de

Genève, IV, fase. 2, p. 397, pi. 17, fig. 9.

1897. Dentalium bisiniiatuiu André. PiLSBRV & Sharp, Man. of Conch., vol. XVII, p. 108,

pi. 19, figs 7, 8.

Diagnosis. Shell conic, perfectly circular in transverse section, little curved, thin,
translucid, glossy of a yellowish corneous color; vvith oblique regular, fine transverse striae.
Aperture circular, a little oblique; peristome sharp, irregular. Apex with two small notches, one
ventral, the other dorsal, a little deeper than the former.
Length 33,5, diameter of the aperture 3 of apex 0,5 mill. (P. & Sh. from André).

Di s tr ibu t i on. Amboyna.

66. Dentalium banale n. sp. PI. VI, fig. 30.

Stat. 300. io°48'.6S., 123° 23'.! E. Timor Sea. 918 Metres. Fine grey mud. 2 Spec.

Diagnosis. Shell evenly and moderately curved, circular in section, pretty streng. No
sculpture except for many close irregular and rather conspicuous growth striae with here and
there a deeper incised line. Colour white or bluish white. Apex simple, without slit or notch,
circular, with thick walls, in which the concentric structure of the shell is clearly visible. In both
specimens the shell's inner layer projects a little above the rest, faintly indicating the existence
of a supplemental tube. Anterior aperture circular with thin strong edges, little oblique.
Length 39 mill., diam. of anterior aperture 2,9 mill., diam. of apex i mlll.
Length 43 mill., diam. of anterior aperture 3,2 mill., diam. of apex 1,3 mill.

Remarks. This species hardly has any distinctive characters. For its lack of sculpture
I have placed it in the subgenus Laevidentalium ^ though it is possible that it is related to
species of the subgenus Plagioglypta. The deeply incised circular lines remind one of the
"segments" in D. sciuitrachcatuDi. Both specimens obtained by the Siboga are much eroded,
and show many white opac^ue patches, with here and there a dark brown deposit in more
deeply eroded parts.

Subgenus Plagioglypta Pilsbry.

Plagioglypta Pilsbry in Textbook of Palaeontology and PiLSURV & Sharp, Man. of Conch.,
vol. XVn, p. XXXI.

Shell circular or elliptical in section, without longitudinal sculpture, with close and fine
obliquely encircling wrinkles throughout or on the posterior portion. Type D. iindiilatiiiii
Munster (P. & Sh.).

This proup is especially characteristic of the early and middle Mesozoic, and it is therefore

56

greatly inleresting that some recent species have been found, which fall into this group. They
are nearly all from the deep-sea.

Key to species.

I. Transverse striae distributed over the whole surface. Length 60 — 75 mill.

about 14 — 15 times the greatest diam trachcatiim.

II. Transverse striae only near the apex, shell anteriorly smooth.

a. Length 60 — 75 mill., about 11 — 12 times the greatest diam. . . . semitracheahim.

h. Length 22, diam. 2 mill subtor quatum.

c. Length 20 mill., about 12 — 13 times the greatest diam mnilosiim.

67. Dentaliuin sciiiitrachcatum n. sp. PI. IV, figs 20, 21.

Stat. 45. 7°24'S., 118° 15'. 2 E. Flores Sea. 794 Metres. Fine grey mud. 6 Spec.

Stat. 284. 8°43'.i S., 127° 16.7 E. Timor Sea. 828 Metres. Grey mud. i Spec.

Stat. 300. io°48'.6S., 123° 23'.! E. Timor Sea. 918 Metres. Fine grey mud. 2 Spec.

Stat. 314. 7°36'S., 117° 30'. 8 E. Flores Sea. 694 Metres. Fine sandy mud. 2 Spec.

Diagnosis. A beautiful big white shell, well-curved, tapering, sculptured near the apex
with many extremely fine, close rings as in D. tracheatiini. This ringed appearance remains
visible over a distance of about one sixth to one seventh of the shell's length. The .shell then
becomes smooth, with many superficial growth striae, and with at regular distances some deeper
incised lines. They give the shell a faintly "segmented" appearance, each "segment" measuring
about 0,3 mill. Apex entire, simple, thin-edged. Anterior aperture circular, rather oblique.
Length 75 mill., diam. of ant. aperture 6,5 mill.
Length 71 mill., diam. of ant. aj^erture 6,5 mill.
Length 45 mill., diam. of ant. aperture 5 mill.
Length 58 mill., diam. of ant. aperture 6 mill.

Remarks. Superficially this shell resembles big specimens oï D. 2csitafuiii, hut is easily
distinguished by the transversely ribbed apex.

68. Dentalmvi tracheatuni n. sp. PI. IV, fig. 22.

Stat. 45. 7°24'S., 118° 15.2 E. Flores Sea. 794 Metres. Fine grey mud, with some radiolariae

and diatomes. 3 Spec. and a fragment.

Stat. 208. 5°39'S., 122° 12' E. Banda Sea. 1886 Metres. Solid green mud. 3 Spec. and some

fragments.

Stat. 271. 5°46'.7 S., 134° o' E. Arafura Sea. 1788 Metres. Bluish green mud of a uniform

appearance. 10 Spec.

Stat. 300. io°48'.6S., I23°23'.i E. Timor Sea. 918 Metres. Fine grey mud. 4 F"ragments.

Stat. 314. 7° 36' S., 117° 30'. 8 E. Flores Sea. 694 Metres. Fine sandy mud. One fragment.

Diagnosis. Shell long, cylindric, very slightly curved, extremely fragile. Sculpture : the
entire surface from apex to anterior aperture with close-set minute rings, reminding one the
structure of an insect's trachea. Posteriorly the rings are very close and slightly raised ; near
the anterior aperture, especially in old specimens, the incised lines get a little further out each

57

other, while the rings become flatter. Apex entire, round with thin edges; anterior aperture
circiilar, sometimes a little irregularly shaped, hardly obli(|ue. Colour whitish or of a dead yellow,
with the glimmer of a bobbin of silk. Some specimens have a dark brown deposit near tlie
anterior aperture. Young specimens when kept in alcohol are absolutely hyaline.
Length 75 mill., diam. of anterior aperture 4,2 mill.
Length 45 mill., diam. of anterior aperture 3,1 mill.

Ó9. DentaliiDH subtorqitatitiii Fischer. PI. VI, tig. 36.

1871. Dentalinin subtorqiiatuin Fischer, Journ. de Conch. XIX, [(3) XIJ, p. 218 and 212,

pi. IX, fig. I.
1897. Dcïitaliiitii suhtorqnatiiDi Fischer. PiLSBRY & SllARP, Man. of Conch., vol. XVII, p. roi.

Stat. 260. 5°36.5S., I32°55'.2E. Oft" Kei-islands. 90 Metres. Sand, coral and shells. i Spec.

Diagnosis. Shell white, thin, narrow, shining, cylindrical, slightly curved. Encircled at the
ape.x with minute, close, somewhat raised transverse striae. Apex entire. No longitudinal striation.
Length 22, diam. 2 mill. (P. & .Sii. from Fischer).

D istri bu tio n. Suez (Gaudry) ; Kais or Gais Island, 15 fms, also lat. 26°so'N.,
long. 5 2° 50' E. (Melv. & St.).

70. Dentalmiit annlosuiu. Braz. PI. VI, figs 38, 39.

1877. Dentalinin anulosiitn Brazier, Proc. Linn. Soc. N. S. Wales, II, p. 58.

1897. Dcntaluiui anulosnni Brazier. PiLSBRY & Sharp, Man. of Conch., vol. XVII, p. loi.

Stat. 314. 7° 36' S., 117° 30'. 8 E. Flores Sea. 694 Metres. Fine, sandy mud. 3 Spec.

Diagnosis. Shell thin, transparent, tapering, slightly curved, marked b}' incised circular
lines from the apex to the centre, and from that to the base quite smooth, apex thickened,
perforated, perforation entire, aperture circular. Length 14 mill. (Braz.).

Distribution. Princcss Charlotte Bay, North East Australia, 13 fms. Sandy bottom.
(Chevert Exp.).

Remarks. Brazier adds : "The upper part of this beautiful, thin, transparent shell has
a ringed appearance like a trachea. Allied to Dentalium poliiiiiii Linn., that species being
distineuished by the incised lines that divide its whole leno^th".

Three specimens vvere obtained. The youngest individual is well-curved, much attenuated,
and has a very slight notch. Both the adults are nearly straight, with a truncated thickened
apex and a small acccssory tube. They resemble forms of the subgenus Episiphon. Anulosum
evidently is related to D. iornatitiu Watson, reported from the Fiji Isl., but it is larger and the
grooves at the top are less deep.

a. Length 22, diam. at apert. 1,7 mill.

b. Length 19, diam. at apert. 1,5 mill.

c. Length 15, diam. at apert. 1,4 mill.

SIBOGA- EXPEDITIE LIV.

58

Subgcnus Fustiaria Stoliczka i86S.

1868. Fusüa7-ia Stoliczka, Mem. Geol. Surv. India, Cretaceous Fauna of Southern India II,

p. 439. Type D. poUtuin Linné.
1897. Fustiaria Pilsbry & Sharp, Man. of Conch., vol. XVII, p. 127.

Shell regularly tapering, arcuate polished; either smooth or sculptured with regular encir-
cling grooves, dividing the surface of the tube into short oblique segments. Aperture circular.
Anal orifice round or ovate. Slit a very long, straight, linear cleft on the convex side.

But few living species of Fustiaria are known; but there are numerous Tertiary forms
and perhaps some from the Cretaceous. (From Pilsbry).

Key to species.

I. Shell sculptured with many encircling grooves pohtuDi.

II. Shell smooth.

a. Colour milk-white stenoscliiznm.

b. Reddish at the apex, anteriorly fading to white tenuijissum.

*7i. Dentalitim poliitiin Linné. PI. I, fig. 20.

1766. Dentalimii poliiuin Linné, Syst. Nat. (12), p. 1264.

1825. Dentaliinii polituin Linné. Deshayes, Mém. Soc. Hist. Nat. Paris, II, p. 368, pi. 17, figs 8, 9.
1860. Deiitaliiiiii politum Linné. SowERBY, Thes. Conch. III, p. 99, pi. 225, fig. 46.
1864. Dentaliiini politum Linné. Desh., An. s. Vert. Bassin Paris, II, p. 215, pi. 2, figs 11 — 13.
1872. Dentaliuin politum Linné, Conch. Icon., pi. 6, fig. 38.

1897. Dentaliuni politum Linné. PiLSBRY & Sharp, Man. of Conch., vol. XVII, p. 128, pi. 19,
figs 18 — 21.
Dentaliuin cburncuin Desh. non Linné. SOWB., Genera of shells fig. 6.

Diagnosis. Shell slender, long, slowly tapering and regularly arcuate, polished.
Sculptured with many narrow encircling grooves, parallel with the peristome, and dividing the
surface into narrow, oblique segments. Aperture somewhat oblique, circular, the peristome acute.
Anal orifice rounded-ovate, somewhat channelled within at the position of the slit. Slit an
extremely narrow and long cleft on the convex side.
Length 58, diam. aperture 4,9 mill.
Length 39, diam. aperture 3,3 mill.

Distr ibution. Paris Basin (Eocene); recent in Indian seas (Desh. and Sowb.); Indian
Ocean (Melvill & Standen).

R e m a r k s. No specimens were obtained by the Siboga. Mr Pilsbry writes : Whether
the Eocene and living specimens referred to D. politum are identical is a question we have
no means of answering, as we have seen no recent specimens. It is admitted to the modern
fauna on the authority of Deshayes and Sowerby who state that they have e.xamined oriental
recent shells, although the former in his Paris Basin Invertebrates (p. 2 1 6) thinks that Linnaeus'

59

shell may have been a fossil one". It has now also been reported by Melvill & Standen as
generally distributed in the Indian Ocean at 7 — 60 fms.

72. Dentalium stenoschizum P. & Sh. PI. W, figs 16, 17.

1897. Dentalium stenoschizum Pilsbry & Sharp, Man. of Conch. vol. XVII, p. 128, pi. 19,

figs 10 — 15.
1860. Dentalium translucidum Desh. SüWERBV, Thes. Conch. III, p. 98, pi. 225, fig. 47.
1872. Dentalium translucidum Desh., Conch. Icon. XVIII, pi. 6, fig. 39.
Net D. translucidum Desh. 1825.

Stat. IJ. Sailus ketjil, Paternoster-islands. 27 Metres and less. Coral and coralsand. 4 Spec.

Stat. 104. Sulu-harbour. Sulu-island. 14 Metres. Sand. 2 Spec.

Stat. 184. Anchorage oft" Kampong Kelang, South coast of Manipa-island. 36 Metres. Coral,

sand. 2 Spec.
Stat. 258. Tual-anchorage, Kei-islands. 22 Metres. Lithothamnion, sand and coral. i Spec.

Diagnosis. Shell rather strongly arcuate toward the smaller end, rapidly tapering, the
earlier portion slender and delicate, the length about 10 times the diameter of aperture. Milk-
white, somewhat translucent. Very glossy and polished throughout, and entirely without sculpture
except for slight, inconspicuous annular irregularities of growth. Aperture slightly oblique, nearly
circular, being a trifle compressed laterally; peristome thin. Anal orifice circular, with thin edges.
Slit extremely narrow, linear, and long, its length contained about 3V.. times in length of .shell,
situated on the convex side.

Length 35, antero-posterior diam. aperture 3,4, lat. diam. 3,2; diam. of apex 0,6 mill.
Length 34,5, antero-posterior diam. aperture 3,5, lat. diam. 3,4; diam. of apex 0,5 mill.

Distribution. West-Indies.

Remarks. This species was only known from the West-Indies, and is now proved to
occur also in the East Indian Archipelago. I have compared the Siboga specimens with some of
the Mus. d'hist. nat. de Paris. They were sent to me under the name of D. trattshicidtim Desh.
and proved to be no other than the D. Inuishicidiim Desh. of Sowerby in the Thes. Conch.
and Conch. Icon. and which has been renamed D. slenoschiztu7i by Messrs Pilsbry & Sharp.
The true D. Iranshicidum is a form without a slit of unknown habitat.

/o-

Dentalium tcnuifissitui Monterosato. PI. VI, figs 18, 19.

1897. Dentalium tenuifissum Monterosato. PiLSBRV & SlIARl', Man. of Conch., vol. XVII,

p. 129, pi. 19, figs 16, 17.
1884. Pseudantalis tcnuifissa Monterosato, Nom. Gen. e spec. Conch. Medit. p. 33.

Stat. 51. Madura-bay and other localities in the southern part of Molo-strait. From 69 — 91

Metres. Fine grey sand; coarse sand with shells and stones. 8 Spec.
Stat. 153. 0°5'.8N., 130° 24'. 3 E. North oft" Waigeu-island. 141 Metres. Fine and coarse sand

with dead shells. i Spec.
Stat. 204. 4°2o'S., 122° 58' E. Between islands Wovvoni and Buton. From 75 — 94 Metres.

Sand with dead shells. i Spec.
Stat. 240. Banda-anchorage. 9 — 45 Metres. Black sand. Coral. 14 Spec.
Stat. 248. Anchorage oft' Rumah Lusi, North-point of Tiur-island. Till 54 Metres. i Fragment.

6o

D i a o- nosi s. Shell slender, tapering, rather strongly arcuate in young specimens, straighter
in adults; cylindrical, the length about lo times the greatest diameter. Surface very glossy and
smooth, growth lines hardly perceptible. Colour near the apex reddish, sometimes deeply flesh-
coloured and fading to white or yellowish white near the anterior aperture. Anterior aperture
circular, slightly oblique, peristome thin-edged. Apex with a deep narrow slit on the convex
side, continuing in an internal groove, its length contained about 4 — 5 times in length of shell.
Length 36, diam. of apert. 3,4, length of slit 4,5 mill.
Length 32, diam. of apert. 3,1, length of slit 7,5 mill.
Length 30, diam. of apert. 2,5, length of slit 7,5 mill.

Distribu tion. Naples. Sicily (Monts).

Remarks. Resembling strongly D. rubesccns Desh. ') and occurring in the same localities
with that species, temdfissum was at first treated as a variety of ricbescens. I have hesitated
before recepting Mr Pilsbry's view of treating them as distinct species. It is a fact that but
for the long linear slit in icimifissrim both species bear a marked resemblance to each other.
Moreover I find that there is in the specimens of D. rubescens, obligingly sent to me b}- Mr
JouBiN froni the Mus. d'Hist. Nat. de Paris, a long internal groove, ending near the apex in
a small triangular notch. This fact had already been mentioned by Deshayes in his Monograph.
But also in termifisszun the slit continues anteriorly in an internal groove, exactly like the one
in ruèescens. The only difference therefore which remains between both species is that in
tenuifissum the groove is posteriorly (near the apex) open, while in riibescens it seems to be
always shut. No specimens of the kind of rubescens were obtained by the Siboga and it is
therefore that I have treated them as distinct species.

II Family. SIPHONODENTALIDAE.

Scaphopoda having the foot either expanded distally in a symmetrical disk with crenate
continuous edge with or without a median finger-like projection, or simple and vermiform,
without developed lateral processes. The .shell is small and generally smooth, often contracted
towards the mouth. Other characters essentially as in Dentaliidae. (P. & Sh.).

Key to genera of Siphonodkntaltdae.

I. -Shell largest at aperture, thence tapering to apex.

a. Longitudinally ribbed, angular in section at lea.st near the apex. Entalina . . . p. 6 i
a'. Smooth ; circular or subcircular in section throughout . . . SipJionodentaliuin. p. 64
II. Shell more or less swoUen near the middle or anteriorly, contracting

toward the aperture as well as tapering posteriorly .... Cadubis . . . p. 65

l) D. rubesccns Desh. Méni. Soc. Hist. Nat. Paris, II, p. 363, pi. 16, fig. 23—25 (1825) and Pilsbry & Sharp, Man. of Conch.
vol. XVII, p. 105, pi. 19, fig. 2 (1897).

6i

Genus Kntalina Monterosato 1872.

1872. Entalina Monter. Notizie intorno alle Conchiglie Fossile di Monte Pellegrino et

Ficarazzi p. 27.
1897. Entalina Monter., PiLSBRY & Sharp, Man. of Conch., vol. XVII, p. 131.

Shell Dentalium-like, largest at the aperture, thence tapering to the ape.x; strongly ribbed,
and angular in section near the apex. Foot expanding distally into a disk with digitate periphery,
and having a median process or filament. Type E. qtiinquangularis Forbes.

K e y t o s p e c i e s.

I. Shell pentagonal at the apex, becoming anteriorly quadrate tubular.
a. The four angles persisting toward aperture.

b. Longitudinally striate over the whole surface quadrangularis.

b' . Longitudinal striae only near the four angles or sometimes only on

the inner curve p la tamodes.

a' . The four angles becoming obsolete toward aperture mirifica.

II. Shell trigonal or faintly trigonal near apex.

Inner curve delicately rounded cormicopiae.

Inner curve with a longitudinal keel niediocarinata.

I. Entalina platamodes Watson. PI. II, fig. 38. PI. VI, figs. 76 — 78.

1879. Sipliodeutalutiii platamodes Watson, Journ. Linn. .Soc. London, XIV, p. 519.
1886. Siphodentaliiini platamodes Watson, Chall. Rep. Scaph., p. 13, pi. 2, fig. 4.
1889. DentaliuDi platamodes Watson. Dall, Ball. U. S. Mus., n" ij, p. 76.
1897. Entalina platamodes Watson. PiLSBRY & Sharp, Man. of Conch., vol. XVII, p. 133,
pl- 23, figs 3, 4, 5.

Stat. 88. 0°34'.6N., 119° 8'.5 E. Celebes Sea. 1301 Metres. Fine grey mud. 6 Spec.

Stat. 178. 2°4o' S., 128° 37'. 5 E. Ceram Sea. 835 Metres. Blue mud. i Spec.

Stat. 211. 5°4o'.7 S., I20°45'.5E. Banda Sea. 1158 Metres. Coarse grey mud, superficial laycr

more liquid and brovvn. 3 Spec.

Stat. 221. 6°24'S., 124° 39' E. Banda Sea. 2798 Metres. Solid bluish grey mud with foramini-

ferae, covered by a 5 cM. thick layer of brown mud,
uppermost layer of foraminiferae. 2 Spec.

Stat. ? I spec.

Diagnosis. Shell small, solid, finely tapered, curved, especially toward the apex, five-
sided, with four sharp corners, which are nearly right angles, and one very obtuse angle along
the concave curve; these all tencl to disappear toward the ape.x, the young shell being rounded.
Sculpture : the angles of the shell project more or less in a sharp rounded rib, which is sometimes
doublé; there are a few longitudinal striae, regular, 0,01 inch apart, strongest near the angles,
more or less obsolete as they recede from these. Neither end is fresh enough for description.
Length 0,47 inch, breadth 0,049 inch. (Watson).

Distr ibut i o n. North of Culebra Island, West-Indies, 390 fms (Challenger) ; Florida
Strait 33V.. miles S. of Rebecca Shoal 430 fms.

62

Remarks. The difference of locality made me hesitate whether the Siboga specimens
could be identified with Efitalina platamodes Watson. After comparison with the type in the
British Museum however, it is no longer doubtful that this species, hitherto only reported from
the W.-Indies and the Gulf of Mexico, is also distributed in the East Indian Archipelago.

The Siboga specimens are very large ; they are well-curved and longitudinal striae, generaily
1 2 in number, regularly cover the whole of the concave side. Anterior aperture indistinctly
pentagonal; generally a very faint angularity in the middle of the inner margin. Apex pentagonal ;
anal orifice generally simple, but two specimens have a short notch on the convex curve.

*2. Entaliiia mirijica Smith. PI. II, fig. 37.

1895. Dentallum mirificmn E. A. Smith, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (6), XVI, p. 9, pi. 2, fig. i.
1897. Entalina mirifica E. A. Smith. Pilsbry & Sharp, Man. of Conch., vol. XVII, p. 134,
pi. 20, fig. 29.

Diagnosis. Shell small, strongly curved and acuminate toward the apex, quadrate
tubular, virider along the inner curve than along the outer; longitudinally delicately striate, very
delicately sculptured with growth-lines; subconcave between the angles. Length 19, greatest
diam. 2V.7 mill. (Smith).

Di s tr ib u tio n. Off Trincomalee Ceylon 200 — 350 fms.

This little species is remarkable for the sharply curved end and the subquadrate form.
The four angles are acute at the tip, but gradually become obtuse as the shell increases. The
incurved side is the broadest of all, and up the middle of it, especially towards the apex, there is
a raised striation more conspicuous than the rest. This is so prominent at the end that, vvhen viewed
with the opening towards the eye, five angles are visible. The two angles on the excurved side,
which is the narrowest of all, become almost obsolete near the aperture. The form of the aperture,
owing to the greater width and flatness of the incurved side, is very like the letter D. (Smith).

3. Entalina quadrangularis n. sp. PI. VI, figs 73, 74, 75, 85, 86.

Stat. 88. o°34'.6N., 119° 8'. 5 E. Celebes Sea. 1301 Metres. Fine grey mud. i Spec.

Stat. 151. o°i2'.6S., 129° 48' E. Halmahera Sea. 845 Metres. Fine grey mud with coarse

particles. i Spec.
Stat. 256. 5°26'.6S., 132° 32'. 5 E. ofi" Kei-islands. 397 Metres. Greyish green mud. i spec.

Diagnosis. Shell white, rather strongly curved, decidedly quadrangular with a flat
excurved, two flat lateral and a flat incurved side. The incurved side is widest
and has near the apex an obtuse longitudinal angle, the shell being there faintly
pentagonal. This angle disappears before the shell's middle is reached. All the
sides are finely longitudinally ribbed, the ribs rounded very narrow, separated
^'^' bv wider interstices. Anterior aperture distinctly quadranp-ular, the lateral sides

Ant. apert, of Entalina •' ^ J l t> i

quadrangularis. sHglitly coucave. Ape.x peutagoual, simple.
a. Length 19 mill.; breadth of aperture along the inner margin 2,7, along the outer margin 1,1 mill.
è. Length 16 mill.; breadth of aperture along the inner margin 2,8, along the outer margin 1,5 mill.
c. Length i 2,5 mill.; breadth of aperture along the inner margin 2,4, along the outer margin 1,1 mill.

63

R e m a r k s. This shell is nearly related to Eiitaluia platamodes Watson and Entalina
niirifica Smith. It is distinguished from the former by a greater rate of increase and a coarser
and more generally distributed sculpture ; of the latter by the distinctly quadrangular form of
the anterior aperture.

It is also nearly related to Dcntalimn tetragomim Brocchi ") a fossil shell from the North
Italian Tertiary and to Dejitaliuni quadratum K. Martin') of the Java Tertiary. To judge after the
figures, they seem to represent intermediate forms h&X.\vG.&n plafamodes, mirifica and qiiadrangularis .

4. Entalina mediocarmaia n. sp. PI. VI, figs 70, 71, 72, 87 88.

Stat. 5. 7°46'S., ii4°3o'.5E. Bali Sea. 330 Metrcs. Mud. 2 Spec.

Stat. 256. 5°26'.6S., I32°32'.5E. Off Kei-islands. 387 Metres. Greyish green mud. i Spec.

Diagnosis. Shell moderately curved, compressed between inner and outer curve, near
the apex trigonal in section ; the excurved side flat, the incurved side laterally
compressed forming a strong prominent keel, sharp near the apex, obtuse
toward the anterior aperture. Sculpture of 40 — 50 weak rather equal riblets,
separated by shallow interstices; near the apex the riblets are alternately small
and large, or if not so only half the number is developed. On the excurved p. ^

side runs a slightly concave band, sculptured with finer riblets than in the Am. apert, of £«/«//««

, . 1-1 -1 • Til' tnediocarinata.

neighbouring parts, on the mcurved side, 2 or 3 ribs runnmg along the keel s
edge are stronger than the rest. In the largest specimen the ribs are broader and less raised
than in the smaller ones. Obliquely encircling growth striae, exceedingly fine and regular making
numerous slight impressions on the riblets. Apex with a short angular notch on the e.xcurved
side. Anterior aperture very oblique and jagged from fracture, compressed in antero-posterior
direction. Colour milky white, a little transparent in live specimen.

a. Length 25 mill., antero-posterior diam. of apert. 3 mill., lateral diam. of apert. 3,3 mill.

b. Length 19,5 mill., antero-posterior diam. of apert. 2,3 mill., lateral diam. of apert. 2,5 mill.

c. Length 13 mill., antero-posterior diam. of apert. 2,3 mill., lateral diam. of apert. 2,3 mill.

5. Entalina cormicopiae n. sp. PI. VI, fig. 89.

Stat. 52. 9°3'.4S., 119° 56. 7 E. Sumba Sea. 959 Metres. Globigerina ooze. r Spec.
Diagnosis. Shell white, moderately curved, the excurved side flat, a little concave near
the top, the incurved side slightly laterally compressed, faintly suggesting the
existence of a very obtuse longitudinal keel anteriorly delicately rounded.
Sculpture of about 30 well-raised riblets, .separated by equally wide or wider
interstices. Growth .striae very obliciue, not conspicuous. Apex with a shallow
notch on both the incurved and the excurved side. Anterior aperture verv

F'g- 3°- ^°'- apert, o'

oblique, the margin on the excurved side flat. Entalina comucopiae-

Length 15,5 mill., diam. of apert. 3,2 mill.

i) Dentalium tetragomim Brocchi, Conch. foss. subapp. II, p. 627, Tav. XII, fig. 26 (1814).

2) Dentalium quadratum K. Martin Samml. des Geol. Reichsmus. in Leiden, l'= Serie, Bd. III, (Tiefb. auf Java) p. 190,
Tab. X, fig. 191 (1881 — 1887).

64

R e m a r k s. Compared to mediocarinata, cornucopiae increases more rapidly in diameter
and the incurved side is not so angular as in that species.

Genus Siphonodentalium AI. Sars 1859.

1859. Siphonodentalium M. Sars, Forh. Videnskabs Selskabet in Christiania p. 52.
1861. Siphonodentalium M. Sars, Om Siphonodentalium vitreum en ny Slaegt og Art of
Dentalidernes Familie.
? Siphonodentalium M. Sars. G. O. Sars, Moll. Reg. Arct. Norv., p. 103.
1897. Siphonodentalium M. Sars. PiLSBRV & Sharp, Man. of Conch., vol. XVII, p. 135.
Siphodcntalium Monterosato, Jeftreys and Watson.

Shell an arcuate, sli.^htly tapering tube, largest at the aperture, circular or nearly so in
section, and smooth externally. Apex rather large, typically slit into lobes, but sometimes simple.
Foot capable of expanding into a terminal disk. Type S. vitreum Sars.

6. SipJionodentalium aiistralasiae n. sp. PI. VI, iïg. 68.

Stat. 211. 5°40'.7S., I20°45'.5 E. Banda Sea. 1158 Metres. Coarse grey mud, superficial layer

more liquid and brown. i Spec.

Diagnosis. Shell at the top, between inner and outer curve very slightly compressed,
cylindric at aperture, smooth and glossy, very fragile and transparent with many obliquely
encircling opaque bands, crossed near the aperture by extremely faint longitudinal opaque bands;
moderately arcuate. Apex simple, large. Anterior aperture wide, subcircular, the margin on the
inner curve less rounded than on the outer curve.
Length 18 milL, diam. of apert. 2,5 milL, diam. of apex 1,3 mill.

Remarks. In ontward appearance rather like the well-knowm Sipho7iodcntaluun vitretim
Sars (PiLSBRY, p. 136, pi. 23, figs 8 — 21), but the diameter increases less rapidly and it is not so
strongly curved. The apex of S. vitretim is cut into six lobes or teeth, and that of aiistralasiae
shows some irregularities which perhaps indicate a similar kind of apex, but it is too imperfect
for stating this with certainty. The radula of mistralasiae offers no difterences to that of vitreum^
described by Sars.

*7. Siphonodentalittm eboracense Watson. PI. III, fig. 44.

1872. Siphodentaliuin eboracense Watson, Journal Linn. Soc. Lond. XIV, p. 523.
1885. Siphodentalium eboracense Watson, Challenger Report, p. 17, pi. 2, fig. 10.
1897. Siphonodentalium eboracense Watson. PiLSBRY & Sharp, Man. of Conch. vol. XVII,
p. 140, pi. 26, fig. 75.

Diagnosis. Shell small, narrow, tapering very gradually throughout, toward the apex bent,
thin, brilliant, translucent, and transparent in alternate bands. Sculpture: there are a few remote,
irregular oblique, transverse striae-, in the young shell the whole surface is covered with longitudinal
striae; excessively minute (0,0005 ■"• apart), sharp and regular, but which seem very easily rubbed
off (on two specimens they are barely traceable), and which disappear towards the mouth. The
mouth is round, very oblique, sharp and thin. The apex is minute, and is broken straight across,
and somewhat chipped. Length 0,185 inch., breadth 0,024; at apex o.ooS inch. (Watson).

D i st r i bu ti o n. Torres Strait, Cape York, N. E. Australia, 3 — 11 fms. (Challenger).

Remarks. Than SiphodeiitaliiDii prionotuin Wats., this is smaller, straighter, but toward
the apex more bent, not narrovved at the mouth ; smaller at the apex, and the whole texture
of the shell is different. Than Siphodentaliuin vitretun Sars, this is less cylindrical, is not
contracted toward the mouth, and is much smaller toward the apex. (Watson).

Genus Cadulus Philippi 1844.

1844. Cadulus Philippi, Enum. Moll. Sicil II, p. 208.

1897. Cadulus Philippi. PiLSBRY & Sharp, Man. of Conch., vol. XVII, p. 142.

Shell more or less swollen near the middle or anteriorly, contracting toward the aperture
as well as tapering posteriorly. Type Dentalium ovh/udi I'hil.

Key to sections of Cadulus.

a. Apex with slits or notches.

ó. xA^pex with two lateral slits Section Dischides.

ó' . Apex with four or more slits Section Polyschides.

a' . Apex entire, unslit.

b. Obese ; both ventral and dorsal outlines convex and projecting

beyond a chord connecting the adjacent lip edges; .... Section Cadulus s.s.

(of this section no species are as yet reported from the Indo-

pacific province).
ó'. More slender or attenuated-, ventral outline convex; dorsal outline

as a whole concave, not projecting beyond a chord connecting

the ends of shell Section Gadila.

Section Dischides Jeffreys 1867.

1867. Dischides Jeffreys, Ann. Alag. of Nat. Hist. (3), XX, p. 251.

Shell rather slender, not much bulging-, apex cut into an anterior and a posterior lobe
b)- two deep lateral slits, one on each side. Type C. (Dischides) poliüis S. V. Wood.

8. Cadulus dic/iclus (Watson). PI. lII, fig. 48. PI. VI, fig. 51.

1879. Sipliodentalium dicheluin Watson, Journ. L. -S. Lond. XIV, p. 521.

Siphodentalium dichehiin Watson, Challenger Report p. 15, pi. 2, fig. 7.
1897. Cadulus {Disc/iidi-s-group) dichelus (Watson). PlLSBRY & SlIARP, Man. of Conch., vol.
XVII, p. 145, pi. 26, fig. 73.

Stat. 59. 10° 22.75., 123° 16.5 E. W'estern entrance Samau-strait. 390 Aletres. Coarse coral-

sand with small stones. i Spec.

Diagnosis. Shell long, slightly swollen at about three-fifth of its length; the swelling
bulges on the concave curve, but the convex curve is uninterrupted; between these two curves

SIBOGA-EXPEDITIE T.IV. 9

66

it is compressed by one-sixth of its breadth, a little contractcd in front, bent and attenuated
toward the apex; thin, brilliant, white, ahnost hyahne, with a few minute, transverse, curdy
streaks, but weathering to opaque. There is an opaque band round the apex. Sculpture: most
faint and delicate microscopic scratches on the lines of growth, with a minute transverse
flocculence and some vague indication of longitudinal texture in the substance of shell. The
mouth is large, very oblique with a smoothly rounded edge, which is sharp on the inner margin ;
both it and the posterior opening are oval. The apex, which is small, is split on either side
by a deep narrow slightly widening, smooth, clean-cut, but not perfectly regular cleft, which is
evidently carried down the shell as the growth of the anima! demands, for it cuts across the
transverse striae, as Mr Searles Wood remarks is the case with Siphodentaliuni (Dischides)
bifisswn. Within the opening a short, minute, longitudinal, rib-like process projects along the
middle of the posterior (i. e. convex curve) wall; a little farther in a thin, narrow, circular callus
runs round the opening.
Length 0,35 in. breadth at mouth 0,032; broadest 0,055; apex 0,022. (Watson).

Distribution. Levuka Fiji 1 2_ fms. (Challenger).

Remarks. I have compared the Siboga specimen with the type in the British Museum
and find no other difference but the length which in the former measures 11,5 milL, exceeding
by 2,75 mill. the length of the Challenger type. The greatest inflation is at a distance of about
5 mill. from the anterior aperture and measures in breadth 2,5 mill.

9. Cadïihis ovalis n. sp. PI. VI, fig. 52.

Stat. 51. Madura-bay and other localities in the southern part of Molo-strait. From 69 — 91
Metres. Fine grey sand; coarse sand with shells and stones. 2 Spec.

Diagnosis. A small graceful shell, moderately curved, very slightly swollen at a

distance of about one fourth the length of the shell, measured from

the anterior aperture; the convex curve uninterrupted, the concave

^-"^^ ' ^ curve with a hardly noticeable bulging. A frontal view of the concave

curve shows a very gradual contraction from the greatest swelling
, , . * » j „ toward the mouth. Mouth proportionately large, with a greater

Fig. 31. Antenor aperture and apex tl J b ^ 0

al Caduius ovalis. dorso-ventral diameter. Margin on the convex side nearly straight,

on the concave side rounded, very faintly laterally compressed. Peristome hardly oblique. Apex
with two lateral .slits and slightly dorso-ventrally compressed.
Length 9 mill., dorso-ventral diam. of aperture 0,8 mill.

Remarks. This .shell is very like C. Belcheri and C. prionotus. The .swelling seems
to be a little stronger than in either of these species, and the shape of the mouth is difterent.

*io. Cadnlus prionotus Watson. PI. III, fig. 47.

1879. Sipliodcntalium prionotuiii Watson, Journ. Linn. Soc. Lond. XIV, p. 522.

1885. Siphodentaliuni prionotum Watson, Chall. Rep., p. 16, pi. 2, fig. 9.

1897. Cadulus prionotus \Nsiison. P1LSBRY& Sharp, Man. ofConch. vol. XVII, p. 146, pi. 26, fig. 74.

67

Diagnosis. Shell long, narrow, tapering, gently contracted at the mouth, slightly bent
throughout; rather strong, polished, but hardly brilliant, translucent white. Sculpture : very faintly
transversely striated on the surface, and a very minute flocculence in the same direction in the
texture. For the breadth of the shell the mouth is large, perfectly round, oblique, with a
smoothly rounded edge, which is sharp on its inner margin. The apex is small, much chipped,
but that in such a way as in all the specimens to produce a shallow rounded hollow on either
side, with a sharp, projecting point before and behind. Within the opening a short excessively
minute riblet runs out along the middle of the posterior wall ; it shines through the shell like
a depression, being a little more transparent than the shell-wall.
Length 0,328 in., breadth at mouth 0,028; greatest 0,39-, at apex 0,013 i"ch. (Watson).

Distribution. Raine Island, Cape York, N. E. Australia, 155 fms. (Challenger).

R e m a r k s. This species differs from the prev'ious {dichelus) in being much narrower
and having no swelling.

"^11. Cadtilus Diinutus H. Adams. PI. III, fig. 49.

1872. Cadulus ininutHS H. Adams, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1872, p. 10, pi. 3, fig. 9.
1872. Dentalium miruitum Sowerby, Conch. Icon. XVIII, pi. 7, fig. 48.
1885. Dcntalimn miniitiim Sowerby, A. H. CoGKE. Ann. Mag. N. H. (5), XVI, p. 273.
1897. Cadulus minutus H. Adams. PiLSBRY & Sharp, Man. of Conch. vol. XVII, p. 188,
pi. 26, fig. 78.

Diagnosis. .Shell smooth, thin arcuate, a little contracted anteriorly, whitish. Aperture
circular, slightly oblique. Length 4, diam. ^V* rniH- (H. Ad.).

Distribution. Red sea.

Remarks. Judging after the figure which Sowerby has given, this shell very probably
belonofs to the section Dischides.

t>-

Section Polyschides Pilsbry & Sharp 1S97.
1897. Polvschides Pilsbry & Sharp, Manual of Conch., vol. XVII, p. 146.

Shell inflated above the middle or not much buiging; apex cut into a number of lobes,
generally four, by as many slits. Type C. (Polyschides) tetraschistus Wats.

12. Cadulus hcxaschistiis n. sp. PI. VI, fig. 53.

Stat. 178. 2°40'S., I28°37'.5E. Ceram Sea. 835 Metres. Blue mud. i Spec.

Diagnosis. A large white shell, moderately curved, not very strongly swollen, the
gibbosity regularly narrowing toward both ends, except on the convex side near the anterior
aperture, w-here the shell is slightly flattened and narrows more rapidly toward the mouth.
Gibbosity hardly visible on the concave curve, stronger on the convex curve, but always rounded,

-o

68

not angular. Anterior aperture slightly oblique, oval, the maroin on the outer curve flattened.

Apex shghtly dorso-ventrally compressed, with three
pair of slits, forming six teeth : one on the outer
curve, one on the inner curve and two pair ot
lateral shts. The tooth on the inner curve is
largest and very short; of the two lateral teeth
the one next to the inner curve is the biggest,
while the one next to the median tooth on the
outer curve is very small but comparatively sharp.

Length 22 mill., dorso-ventral diam. of apert. 1,9 mill., lateral diam. of apert. 2,5 mill., lateral

diam. of apex 0,8 mill.

Greatest diameter of shell 3,8 mill.

Remarks. This shell greatly resembles C. spcctabilis Verrill, a deep sea species of the
Western Atlantic, but to my regret I have not been in the opportunity of comparing the two.
They differ however in the apical characters.

Fig- 32.

Ant. .ipert. and innev curve of

Cadulus hexaschistiis.

Fig. 32 ö.
Apical orifice seen from the
top of Cai/iiliis hcxaschistits.

13. Caduhis niagnns n. sp. PI. VI, fig. 54.

Stat. 45. 7°24'S., iiS°i5'.2E. Flores Sea. 794 Metres. Fine grey mud. i Spec.
Stat. 88. o°34'.6N., ii9°8'.5E. Celebes Sea. 1301 Metres. Fine grey mud. 2 Spec.
Stat. 300. io°48'.6S., I23°23'.i E. Timor Sea. 918 Metres. Fine grey mud. i Spec.

Diagnosis. A large white shell very like the previous, well and evenly curved, smooth
and glossy, with inconspicuous growth striae. "Equator" very near the anterior
aperture at a distance of about 1,5 — 2 mill. Gibbosity visible on both convex
and concave curve, but better visible on the convex curve, where it is slightly
angular. There is no sudden flattening on the convex side as in hcxaschistus,
but the shell narrows evenly toward the mouth. Anterior aperture rather oblique

Fig- 33- Ant. apert.

and inner curve of (more obliquc thau the equator), subcircular, the margin on the outer curve a
CaduiHs magnus. jj^^j^ mox& arched than on the inner. Apex circular, probably with 4 or more
incisions, but only one specimen has a small lateral tooth left, the rest being imperfect.
Length 25 mill.; diam. of apert. 3 mill, greatest diam. 3,3 mill., diam. of apex 1,2 mill.

14. Cadiibis longiloèahis n. sp. PI. VI, figs 55, 56.

Stat. 133. Anchorage off Lirung, Salibabu Island up to 36 Metres. Mud and hard sand. 3 Spec.

Diagnosis. Shell near the apex slightly dorso-ventrally compressed, yellowish, trans-

Q ^ parent, with many opaque bands; hardly inflated, the bulging only faintly

distinguishable on the concave curve; convex side regularly and moderately

curved, very gradually tapering toward the anterior aperture. Greatest

I'"ig. 34.

Anterioi- aperture and apex diameter at about 4 mill. distauce from the mouth. Peristome thin and

of Cadulus longiiobatus. yery obliquc nearly circular the dorso-ventral diameter being a little longer

than the lateral diameter. Apical orifice dorso-ventrally compres.sed, apex split by four rather

69

deep slits, forming four teeth, a large dorsal and a large ventral tooth, with smaller lateral
ones between.

Length 12 mill., diam. of apert. 1,25, dorso-ventral diam. of apex 0,5, lateral diam. ofapexo,/.
Breadth of greatest inflation 1,5 mill.

Section Gadila Gray 1847.

1847. Gadila Gray, Proc. Zool. Soc. p. 159. For D. gadus Montagu.
1865. Heionyx Stimpson, Amer. Journ. Conch. I, p. 63.

Gadus of some authors. Dentaliuui sp. of some early authors.

Shell decidedly curved, the general contour convex ventrally, concave dorsally; more or
less swollen near the middle or toward the aperture, more tapering toward the apex; apical
orifice not contracted bv a callous rincj, or with the callus far within and weak; edees not slit,

^ et ' 'O

Type C. gadtcs Montagu.

This group which includes a great majority of the species of the genus is more attenuated
and more bent than typical Cadulus, and lacks the apical .slits and teeth of Dischides and
Polyschidcs. (P. & Sh.).

Key to species.

I. Length not exceeding 4 mill C. simillifnus.

II. Longer than 4 mill.

a. The greatest diam. situated near the anterior third or fourth of the
shell's length.
5. Shell considerably swollen.

C. gadtis, eiiloides, clavatiis. cohthi-idens^ virginalis and pseudolivi.
b' . Shell but little swollen and very gradually tapering toward both sides.

C. angiiidens^ Z07iatiis and pHlcIicr)'i)mis.
a' . The greatest diam. situated near the anterior aperture.

C. smgaporensis^ aórtcpto-injïatus and laevis.

*I5. Cadiilus siniilliimis Watson. PI. III, tig. 46.

1879. Caduliis similliiiius Watson, Journ. Linn. Soc, vol. XIV, p. 526.

1885. Caduliis siiiiillimus Watson, Challenger Rep. p. 20, pi. 3, fig. 6.

1897. Caduliis similliinus Watson. PiLSBRV & Sharp, Man. of Conch. vol. XVII, p. 182,

pi. 26, fig. -JJ.

Diagnosis. Shell very like Cadnhis gracilis Jeffr., rather broad, narrowed at both
ends, very slightly and symmetrically bent, but a little more towards the mouth, with a very
slight bulge, which just shows on the concave curve. It is thin, polished, translucent (weathering
opaque), with an opaque ring near the apex. Sculpture : very minute and faint and superficial
oblique striae, with a faint flocculence in the substance of the shell. Mouth rather large, oblique ;

70

edge thin, l)ul rounded; apical opening small, thin, and chipped. Length o,i6 inch., breadth
at mouth 0,02, greatest 0,036, at apex 0,014 inch. (Watson).

D ist rib u t i on. Raine Island, Cape York, N. E. AustraHa 155 fms. (Challenger).

*i6. Cadulus gadus Montagu. PI. III, fig. 40.

1803. Dentalium gadus Mont., Testacea Britanica p. 476, pi. 14, fig. 7.
1877. Cadulus gadus Mont. JEFFREY.S, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (4), XIX, p. 157.
? 1885. Cadulus gadus Mont. COOKE, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (5), XVI, p. 275.

? Cadulus gadus Mont. Melvill & Abercrombie, Mem. & Proc. Manch. Lit. and Phü.
Soc. (4), VII, p. 25.
1897. Cadulus gadus Mont. PiLSBRY & Sharp, Manual of Conch., vol. XVII, p. 186, pi. 31,
figs 28 — 32.

Diagnosis. Shell small, rather thin, but little curved and that mainly posteriorly;
anterior half considerably and very regularly swollen, the greatest diameter slightly behind the
anterior third of the length; tapering toward the aperture, on all sides a little more rapidly
tapering posteriorly, decidedly attenuated toward the small apex. Outline of concave side
decidedly modified and quite convex in the region of the inflation. Greatest diameter contained
4V3 to 4Vi times in the length of the shell. Surface smooth, with a glimmer somewhat like that
of C. incisus; no perceptible growth striae; color whitish, imperfectly translucent. Tube slightly
compressed from front to back, throughout. Aperture quite oblique when unbroken, and
rounded-oval. Anal orifice very small, of the same shape, its edge apparently free from slits
when uninjured.

Length 7,6 mill. ; diam. at aperture 0,95 X 1,26; at largest 1,68 X 1,79 at apex 0,47 X 0,48 mill;
the antero-posterior diameter given first in each case.
Length 6,53 milL; diam. at aperture 0,82 X 0,9; at largest 1,37 X 1,58, at apex 0,33 X 0,42 mill.

Distribution. Uncertain.

Remarks. I quote from Pilsbry : The species is quite distinct in its flask-like form,
being conspicuously and evenly swollen but not in the least angulated anteriorly, and a good
deal attenuated posteriorly. This peculiar and characteristic shape is for some reason more
conspicuous in the shells themselves or in a natural size figure, than it is in the much enlarged
camera drawings, although the latter are faithful in proportions.

No specimens were obtained by the Siboga, and the habitat of this species is still
uncertain, but as Mr A. H. Cooke reports it from the Gulf of Suez (Mac-Andrew coll.) and
Melvill and Abercrombie include it in their Bombay list it seems from a practical point of
view better to add it for the present to the list of the Indo pacific Siphonodentalidae.

*I7. Cadulus euloides Melvill & Standen. PI. III, fig. 52.

1901. Cadulus culoidcs Melvill & Standen, Proc. Zool. Soc. II, p. 459, pi. XXIV, fig. 24.
Diagnosis. Shell white, small, curved, smooth, posteriorly attenuated, anteriorly above

71

the middle slightly swollen. Aperture circular, posterior aperture small, circular, the margin thui

and sharp.

Length lo, diam. of mouth 1,25 milL, diam. of apex of a larges specimen 0,5 mill.

Distr ibu t i o n. Gulf of Oman. lat. 24°49'N., 58° 56' E. 345 fm.s. mud. Karachi (one
example).

Remarks. Larger than C. gadiis Mont., which we have not seen north of Bomba}'.
It is a very smooth white shell, in some examples ringed obscurely with cinereous grey, in
others pure white, incurved, shining posteriorly attenuated, from the centre to the mouth tumid,
aperture round, margin acute. It was dredged very abundantly in the locahty above given.

*i8. Cadiihis clavatus Gould. PI. III, fig. 42.

1859. Dcntaliiun clavatnni Gould, Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist. VII, p. 166.
1865. Heionyx clavatiis Stimpson, Amer. Journ. Coiich. I, p. Q^, pi. 9, fig. 14.
1897. Cadulus clavatus (Gould). PiLSBRY & Sharp, Man. of Conch., vol. XVII, p. 185, pi. 26,
figs 80, 81, 79.

Diagnosis. Shell rather slender, moderately solid, considerably curved; maximum
diameter situated near the larger end, gradually tapering posteriorly, anteriorly rather rapidly
contracting at the sides and especially on the convex face, and very slightly on the concave
face. Tube slightly flattened between the convex and concave sides throughout, least so at the
apex. Bluish-white, becoming opaque white near the ends from the greater thickness of the
shell there. Surface smooth, glossy, showing no striation; aperture slightly oblique, rounded-oval,
a little more flattened on the convex than on the concave side. Apex small, rounded-oval,
with perfectly simple, sharp edge. Length 11, diameter at aperture 1,2 X i,4, at greatest girth
1,76 X 1,85, at apex 0,55 X 0,6 mill. (P. & Sh.).

D ist r ib u tio n. Hongkong Harbor, China 6 — 20 fms (Stimpson); Gulf of Suez(?)
(Mac-Andrew).

Mr A. H. CooKE (Ann. and Mag. Nat. hist. (5) XVI, p. 275 (1885) reports Cadtdus
clavatus from the Gulf of Suez, but it is questionable wheter that really refers to the same
specific form.

19. Cadulus colubridens Watson. PI. III, fig. 41. PI. VI, fig. 66.

1879. Cadulus colubridens Watson, Journ. Linn. Soc. Lond. XIV, p. 523.

1886. Cadulus colubridens Watson, Challenger Rep. Scaph. p. 18, pi. III, fig. i.

1897. Cadulus colubridens Watson, PiLSBRY & Sharp, Man. of Conch., vol. XVII, p. 184,
pi. 26, fig. 71.

Stat. 208. 5° 39' S., 122° 12' E. Banda Sea. 1886 Metres. Solid green mud. 2 Spec.
Stat. 211. 5°40'.7S., 120° 45'. 5 E. Banda Sea. 1158 Metres. Coarse grey mud, superficial layer

more liquid and brown. 2 Spec.

Diagnosis. Shell like an adder's fang, long, sharp, bent, very slightly flattened, swollen
near the broader end. The swell, which is faintly angulated and is at one-fourth of the length,

/ -

is chieflv on the convex curve, but is visible on the concave curve too. From the angulation
the curve is very equable in either direction till about two-thirds along towards the apex, where
it bends a h'ttle more. The shell is thin, brilliant, semi opaque, white. Sculpture : Very faint
and fine scratches on the Hnes of growth. Mouth large, oval, very slightly flattened on the
ventral side, from which the thin, sharp edge is obliquely cut off upwards towards the convex
curve. The posterior opening is much smaller, nearly round, and the edge is thin and chipped.
Length 0,58 inch., breadth at mouth 0,067, greatest 0,1, at apex 0,033 '"ch. (Watson).

Distribution Lat. 37°34'S., 179° 2 2' E., N. E. point of New-Zealand, in 700 fms.
(Challenger).

R e m a r k s. This is twice the size of C. gadus Montagu, but it resembles that in the
ano-ulation, which however, is here more marked at the summit of the swelling; its expansion
from the smaller end is more gradual, and its contraction from the angulation to the mouth
is more rapid. (Watson).

The measurement of three Siboga specimens is given here :

a. Leno-th 20 mill., antero-posterior diam. of apert. 2 mill., lateral diam. of apert. 2,5 milL,

greatest diam. of tube 3.3 mill., diam. of apex 0,8 mill.

Distance from mouth to "equator", measured on a lateral side, 6 mill.

b. Length 17 mill., antero-posterior diam. of apert. 2 mill., lateral diam. of apert. 2,3 mill.,

greatest diam. of tube 3 mill., diam. of apex 0,8 mill.

Distance from mouth to equator, measured on a lateral side, 5,5 mill.

c. Length 16 mill., antero-posterior diam. of apert. 2 mill., lateral diam. of apert. 2,3 mill.,

greatest diam. of tube 3,5 mill., diam. of apex 0,9 mill.

Distance from mouth to equator, measured on a lateral side, 4,5 mill.

Though the size is much greater than in Watson's specimens the resemblance with
the latter, (after comparison with the types in the British Museum) is so great, that it seems
impossible to separate them.

20. Cadulus virgiiialis n. sp. PI. VL figs 60 — 64.

Stat. 52. 9°3'.4S., 119° 56'./ E. Savu Sea. 959 Metres. Globigeriiia ooze. 5 Spec.
Stat. 208. 5°39'S., 122° 12' E. Banda Sea. 1886 Metres. Solid green mud. 3 Spec.
Stat. 271. 5°46'.7S., 134° o' E. Arafura Sea. 1788 Metres. Bluish green mud of a uniform

appearance. i Spec.
Stat. 284. 8°43'.i S., i27°i6'.7E. Timor Sea. S28 Metres. Grey mud. 2 Spec.

Diagnosis. Shell rather strongly curved, translucent and glossy, with numerous faint

and superficial longitudinal furrows, which are only visible by turning the

V — ' shell slowly round under a strong lens. Growth striae hardly discernable,

but many close transverse opaque bands give together with the longitudinal

Ant a en Ind apicai orifice op^que Striae a reticulated appearance to the shell's surface. Strongly

of Cadulus virginaih. swollen, greatest diameter at a distance of about 3 mill. from the anterior

aperture, measured on the inward curve. Anterior to the equator the tube is flattened on the

73

convex side. In some specimens there is a A-shaped depression near tlie dorsal edge of tiie
peristome. Equator rather straight on the shell's longitudinal axe; anterior aperture oblique
subcircular, the peristome inflexed along the dorsal margin. In some specimens the apex is
simple, in others there is a shallow notch on both the ventral and the dorsal side. None of
the specimens however are perfect so that this form of apex, which would be very peculiar for
the genus Cadzilus^ is perhaps only due to accidental erosion.
Length 14 mill., diam. of apert. 2 mill., diam. at equator 3,1 mill.

Remarks. Compared to the specimens of Stat. 208, 271 and 284, those of Stat. 52
are a little more slender and slightly more bent. I hold them to be younger than the re.st;
the longitudinal furrows are here clearest visible; older specimens hardly show any longitudinal
reflection at all.

21. Caduhis psaidolivi n. sp. PI. VI, fig. 67.

Stat. 211. 5°4o'.7S., 120°45'.5 E. Banda Sea. 11 58 Metres. Coarse grey mud, superficial layer

more liquid and brown. i Spec.

Diagnosis. Shell white, shining, moderately curved, greatest swelling at about 3 mill.,
trom the anterior aperture, measured on the outward, and at about 4 mill.
measured on the inward curve. Gibbosity slightly angular on all sides.
Tube at apex distinctly compressed between front and back curves. Apical
orihce flattened simple with thick walls. Anterior aperture rounded oval,
greatest diam. in antero-posterior direction, rather oblique thin-edged. Fig. 36.

Length 13 mill., antero-posterior diam. of apert. 1,6 mill., lateral diam. Ant. apen. and apical oiifice
1,5 mill.; greatest diam. 3 mill.
Antero-posterior diam. of apex i mill; lateral diam. 0,7 mill.

Remarks. Pseudolivi greatly rsembles C. olivi Scacchi from the Sicilian Pliocene, a
form which has been reported as recent by Jeffreys (F. Z. S. 1882, p. 663; Ann. Mag. Nat.
hist. (4) XIX, p. 157 and (5) M, p. 317) with the following distribution : Florö, Norway; Bay
of Biscay; Palermo; West of Ireland 1230 fms; South of the English Channel 862 fms.

PiLSBRV (Man. of Conch. vol. XVII, p. 238) expresses his doubt whether the living forms
can be identified with the pliocene .species. Having not been able to compare the Siboga specimen
either with .Scacchi's types or with Jeffreys' examples I follow the safer coarse of describing
it separately.

Here follows Pilsbry's description of a Jeffreysian example from the Sicilian Pliocene :

Cadulus olivi Scacchi.

Shell rather thin, moderately curved, the bend mainly posterior; moderately swollen, the
"equator" indistincdy angular, at the anterior third of the length, slightly oblique; thence
tapering moderately to the mouth, and more rapidly posteriorly, becoming attenuated toward
the apex. Outline of concave side slightly modified, becoming a tritle convex in the region of

SIBOGA-EXPEDITIE LIV. 10

74

o-reatest inflation. Greatest diameter contained 5 times in length of the shell. Tube very sHghtly
compressed between front and back curves. Surface polished, without perceptible growth striation.
Aperturc oblique, rounded oval ; anal orifice subcircular, its edge even, unslit.
Length 11,7 mill., diam. at aperture 1,24 X i,37, at greatest inflation 2,06 X 2,33, at apex
0,48 X 0,55 mill. (the antero-posterior dimensions given first in each case).
Pliocene of southern Ital)- & Sicily.

*22. Caduhis anguidcns Melvill & Standen. PI. III, fig. 50.

1898. Cadulus angiiidens Melvill & Standen, Journ. of Conch. IX, p. 32, pi. i, fig. 6.
1897 — 98. Cadulus anguidens Melvill & Standen. PiLSBRY & Sharp, Manual of Conch., vol.
XVII, p. 253, pi. 39, fig. 4.

Diagnosis. Shell a little arcuate, tapering toward the apex, pellucid white. Aperture
rounded-ovate, the margin oblique-, posterior orifice small, round, simple and thin. Length 8,
diam. at mouth i, at apex 0,5 mill. (M. & S.).

Distribution. Madras. (Henderson).

Remarks. A graceful, attenuate, sHghtly arcuate Cadulus, gradually increasing in
diameter till the oblique aperture is reached. The shell is subpellucid, white, quite smooth;
posterior or apical orifice minute, simple, round, thin, the mouth being roundly-ovate, with very
oblique margin. Two specimens, differing from any in the national collection. (M. & S.).

23. Cadulus zonatus n. sp. PI. VI, fig. 57.

Stat. 214. 6° 30' S., 121° 5 5' E. Banda Sea. 2796 Metres. Grey and green mud, superficial layer

more liquid and brown. i Spec.
Stat. 254. s°4o' S., 132° 26' E. Arafura Sea. 310 Metres. Fine grey mud. i Spec.

Diagnosis. Shell moderately curved, white and transparent with many deeply incised

circular lines as in D. polituin •, very slightly compressed between front

and back curves, especially near the apex. Greate.st swelling at about one

third the shell's length from the anterior aperture and tapering gently

!.•;„_ 3y_ toward both sides. The outer curve is more bent than the inner and

Ant. apert, and apical orifice j-^ther suddcnly depressed near the anterior aperture. Anterior aperture

of Cadulus zonatus.

slightly oblique the margin on the outer curve flattened. Apex sub-circular,
with moderately strong walls.

Length 14 mill., antero-posterior diam. of apert. 1,5, lateral diam. of apert. 1,35, greatest
diam. 2,3 mill. Diam. of apex 0,65 mill.

24. Cadulus pulchcri'iiiiiis n. sp. PI. VI, figs 58, 59.

Stat. 314. 7°36'S., II 7° 30'. 8 E. Flores Sea. 694 Metres. Fine sandy mud. 6 Spec.

Diagnosis. An exceedingly fine and graceful shell, strongly curved, much attenuated
yellowish or grayish white, with many regular obliquely encircling lines, deeply incised in the

/ 3

way of D. politum and as in Cadulus zoiiatns\ compressed between the front and back curves.
On a frontal view of the inner curve, one sees that the ^reatest inflation

is at about one third the shell's length from the anterior aperture, tapering C y °

evenly toward both ends ; a lateral view shows hardly any inflation at all Fig. 3S. Ant. apert,
but the outer curve is rather suddenly flattened near the anterior aperture, ^" f'"'^'' °" *^^ °

^ Laaiiltts putcncrrtmtts.

however without the slightest tracé of angularity. Anterior aperture very

oblique, much flattened in antero-posterior direction, the margin on the outer curve straight.

Apex subcircular, thin edged.

Length 21,5 mill., antero-posterior diam. of apert. 1,1 mill,, lateral diam. of apert. 1,5 mill. ;

greatest diam. 2 mill.; diam. of apex 0,5 mill.

R e m a r k s. Compared to C. zonatus^ pulcherrimus is a far more slender and graceful
shell. It is more compressed between front and back curves, and much more attenuated.

*25. Cadulus suigaporensis Sharp & Pilsbry. PI. III, hg. 51.

1S97. Cadulus singaporcnsis Pilsbry & Sharp, Man. of Conch., vol. XVII, p. 195, pi. 36, figs 30, 31.

Diagnosis. Shell small, very slender, closely striated obliquely with alternate white
and translucent bands, smooth and glossy on the larger part, encircled by low, close wrinkles
near the apex. Gradually increasing from the apex to quite near the aperture, then contracting
moderately on all sides; equator or point of greatest diameter, at about the anterior ninth of
the shell's length, the diameter there contained about 7^',, times in the length. Tube faintly
compressed vertically throughout. Aperture not oblique, subcircular; anal orifice simple.
Length 5,6 mill; diam. at aperture 0,56 X 0,6, at greatest 0,75 X 0,77, at apex 0,29 X 0,34 mill.
(the antero-posterior dimensions in each case given first). (F. & Sh.).

D is tr ibut i o n. Singapore. (Dr. S. Archer).

26. Cadulus abrzipto-injlatus n. sp. PI. VI, fig. 65.

Stat. 5. 7°46'S., 114° 30'. 5 E. Madura Strait. 330 Metres. Mud. i Spec.

Diagnosis. Shell white, pretty strong, both inner and outer curve well-bent. Tube
circular, increasing anteriorly but slowly in diameter, until near the anterior
aperture it rather suddenly swells into an encircling ring, from which it X \
contracts again rapidly toward the anterior aperture. Ape.x simple, sub- V ) v_y

circular, thick-edged. Anterior aperture rounded oval, rather oblique.
Length of shell 12 mill., antero-posterior diam. of aperture i mill., lateral .\nt. apert, and apicai orifice

. 1 1 1 11' 1 1 °f Cadulus abrupto-injiatus.

diam. 1,2. Greatest diam. 2,2 mul., at about /^ the shell s length.

*2 7. Cadiilus laevis Brazier. PI. III, fig. 43.

1877. Dentahuui laeve Brazier, Proc. Linn. Soc. X. S. Wales II, p. 59.

1897. Cadulus laevis Brazier. PiLSBRV & Sharp, Man. of Conch., vol. XVII, p. 195.

1877. Cadulus laevis Brazier. Hedlev, Proc. Lin. Soc. X. S. Wales, vol. XXV, p. 499,

pi. XXVI, figs 8, 9, 10.
Xot Dcntaliuiii laeve Schlotheim.

76

Diagnosis. Sliell light amljer-colour, sometimes white, smooth, glossy, strongly arched,
half-moon shaped, basal margin pinched in about two lines long, forming somewhat like a
shoulder, then slightly ventricose, from that to the apex regularly tapering apex with a minute
perforation entire. Length 28 mill. ; diam. of base at shoulder 2; below i mill. (Brazikr).

Dist ribut ion. Princess Charlotte Bay, North East Australia, 13 fms, sandy mud;
Cape Grenville, North East Australia 20 fms, mud; York Island, Torres Straits, 13 fms, hard
mud bottom; Darnley Island, Torres Straits, 5, 15, 20, 30 fms. (Chevert Exp.).

R e m a r k s. The lower part of this species resembles the spines of the sea-urchins
(Echinidae). The greater part of the specimens are encrusted over with a fine coating of coral-
like substance. (Braz.).

In his Manual Mr Pilsbry adds: "Described as a Dentaliniu, the specific name being
preoccupied. It seems to be a Cadu/us or a Dilrtipa. We have not seen specimens, but the
last clause of Brazier's observations suggests the latter genus".

Afterwards Hedley published the following note with an accompanying figure :

Cadnhis laevis Brazier. The author of this species has supplied me with co-types from
Darnley I., Torres Straits. The shell selected for illustration measures directly from end to end,
that is along the chord of the are, 26 mm. It is exceptional in having the small end bifid;
most are circular and simple. A submedian constriction (marking a rest point in growth .") noted
in the original description is present in but few examples and varies in position. The degree of
curvature varies, young shells being more bent. All under the lens are concentrically wrinkled
throuo-hout their length.

Considering the meagre details at their disposal, Messrs Pilsbry & Sharp estimated
with remarkable accuracy the systematic position of the species".

The figure looks dangerously like a Ditr^ipa but on the authority of Mr. Hedley it
is now considered to be a Cadulus.

PLATES.

PLATE I.

Fig. I. Dentalmm elephantiman L. Fiom Conch. Icon.

Fig. 2. Dentalinm formosnm Ad. & R. From PiLSBRV.

Fig. 3. Dcntaliuiii aprinum L. From Conch. Icon.

Fig. 4. Dentaliuin interstriatum Sowb. From Concli. Icon.

Fig. 5. Dcntaüuni Letsonae F. & Sh. From PiLSBRY.

Fig. 6. Dcntaliuvi javaniini Sowb. From Conch. Icon.

Fig. 7. Dentalium bisexangulatiim Sowb. From Conch. Icon.

Fig. 8. Dentalinm octangnlatum Donovan. From Conch. Icon.

Fig. 9. Dentaliuvi intercalatuiu Gould. From PiLSBRY.

Fig. 10. Dentalinm psendoscxagonnm Desh. From Conch. Icon.

Fig. II. Dentalium Lessoni Desh. From Deshayes.

Fig. 12. Dentalinm Slioplandi Jouss. From PiLSBRY.

Fig. 13. Dentalinm qnadrapicale Sowb. From Conch. Icon.

Fig. 14. DentaliiDu Iiexagonum Gould. From Conch. Icon.

Fig. 15. Dentalium porcatnm Gould. From Conch. Icon.

Fig. 16. Dentalinm cancellatnm Sowb. From Conch. Icon.

Fig. 17. Dentalinm variabile Desh. From Conch. Icon.

Fig. 18. Dentalinm Belcheri Sowb. From Conch. Icon.

Fig. 19. Dentalinm mnltistriatnm Desh. From DESHAYES.

Fig. 20. Dentalinm politnm L. From Desh.\YES.

Fig. 21. Dentalinm lactenm Desh. From Deshayes.

Siboga-Expeditie. LIV. M. Boissevain, Scaphopoda

2.

\%.

C. F. Strathinann lith.

Fa. P. W. M. Tiaj), impr.

PLATE II.

Fig. 22. Dentaliuni dispar Sowb. From PiLSBRY

F"ig. 23. Dentaliuni dispar Sowb. From Conch. Icon.

Fig. 24, 25. Dentaliiim dipsyclia P. & Sh. From PiLSBRV.

Fig. 26. Dentaliuvi conspiciuiin Melv. (From PiLSBRV) [= D. quadrapicale Sowb.).

Fig. 27. Dentaliuni subtorquatum Fisch. From Journ. de Conch.

F'ig. 28. Dentaliuvi subrectuin Jeftreys. From PiLSBRV.

Fig. 29. Dentaliuni bisinuatuni Andre. From PiLSBRV.

Fig. 30. Dentaliuni Hungerfordi P. & Sh. From Proc. Zool. Soc. 1SS8.

Fig. 31. Dentaliuni eburneuni L. From Conch. Icon.

F'g- 32, 32«. Dentaliuni niagnificuni Smith. From Alcock.

Fig- 33' 33''- Dentaliuni longitrorsuni Reeve. From Conch. Icon.

F'g- 34> 35- Dentaliuni stenoschizuni P. & Sh. From PiLSBRV.

Fig. 36. Dentaliuni aciculuni Gould. From PiLSBRV.

F'&- Z7- Entalina niirifica Smith. From Ann. & Mag.

Fig. 3Ö. Entalina plataniodes Wats. From Chall. Rep.

Fig. 39. Dentaliuni acutissiniuni Wats. From Chall. Rep.

Silii\i,'-a-Ex/'rin/ii-. LIV. M. Boissf.vain , Sca])hni)nda.

//.

22.

23.

34.

28.

35

29.

36.

i*-'-"'^^,
^-^

.-i-t.

C. 1'". Siratliniann litli.

Ka. P. \V, M. Tr.ii), iinpi".

PLATE III.

Fig. 40. Cadnlns gadus Mont. From PiLSBRV.

Fig. 41. Caduliis colubridens Watson. From Chall. Rep.

Cadnlns clavatus Stimp. From FiLSBRV.

Cadulus laevis Braz. From Proc. Linn. Sec. N. S. W.

Siphonodentalinm cboracense Wats. From Chall. Rep.

Cadnlns Bdcheri P. & Sh. From PiLSBRV.

Cadnlns sitnilln/ins Wats. From Chall. Rep.

Cadulus prionotns Wat.s. From Chall. Rep.

Cadulus dichelns Wats. From Chall. Rep.

Cadulus minutns H. Ad. Proc. Zool. Soc.

Cadulus anguidens M. & S. From PiLSBRV.

Cadulus singaporensis P. & Sh. From PiLSBRV.

Cadulus enloides M. & S. From Proc. Zool. Soc.

Dentaliiim clathratum v. Mart. After a photograph of
the type specimen.

Fig.

42.

Fig.

43-

Fig.

44.

Fig.

45-

Fig.

46.

Fig.

47-

Fig.

48.

Fig.

49.

Fig.

50.

Fig.

51-

Fig.

52.

Fig.

53-

Sibo.^a-Expeditk. LIV. M, Boissevain , Scaphopndn.

///.

40.

4:1.

O

ê

^c"

43.

O ■

Q '

O---'

47.

n

o '

— OC

40.

....-O'

63.

O'

C. F. Stratlimann üth.

Fa. P. \V. M. Trap, impr.

(■)PLATE IV.

Fig. I. Dental min iiiterstnatum Sowb. Spec. of Amsterdam Museum.

Fig. 2. Dentaliuiii aprimun L. Spec. of Amsterdam Museum.

Fig. 3 — 6. Dcntalium aprinuin var. incolor nov. var. St. 133 and 163.

Fig. 7. Dentaliuui javanuiii Sowb. Spec. of Amsterdam Museum.

Fig. 8 — 9. Dcntalium octangulatum Don. Spec. of Amsterdam Museum.

Fig. 10 — II. Dentaliuin eburneum L. Spec. of Amsterdam Museum.

Fig. 12. Dentaliuin eburneiun L. var. Spec. of Amsterdam Museum.

Fig. 13. Dentaliuin eburneum L. var. {= D. novaehollandiae Chenu), a spec.

from the Mus. d'Hist. Nat. of Paris.

Fig. 14 — 16. Dentaliuin profundoruin E. A. Smith. St. %i and loi.

Fig. 17 — 18. Dentaliuin Sibogae nov. spec. St. 159.

Fig. 19. Dentaliuin Alartensi nov. spec, a much eroded specimen of St. 88.

Fig. 20 — 21. Dentaliuin scinitraclieatum nov. spec. St. 248.

Fig. 22. Dentaliuin tracheatum nov. spec. St. 208.

Fig. 23. Dentaliuin transversostriatum. St. 212.

i) The figures of Plate IV, V, VI are from photographs in natural size.

Sibo^a -Expeditie LIV M.Boif?sevain Scaptiopoda

Pi.i\';

PLATE V.

Fig. I — 3. Dentaliuin Martcnsi nov. spec. St. 88.

Fig. 4, 5. Dcntalinm inalayaninii nov. spec. Stat. 300.

Fig. 6 — 8. Dentalinni usitatuiii E. A. Smith. Stat. 88.

Fig. 9 — 12. Dentaliuin acutissiuium Wats. St. 211.

Fig. 13, 14. Dentaliuin aciculuin Gould. St. 52 and 133.

Fig. 15. Dentaliuin insolituiii E. A. Smith. St. 45.

Fig. 16 — 20. Dentaliuin stapes nov. spec. Stat. 212.

Fig. 21, 22. Dentaliuin pacJiypleuruin nov. spec. Stat. 271.

Fig. 23, 24. Dentaliuin Michelotti Hoernes. St. 159.

Fig., 25, 26. Dentaliuin Macandreiui n. n. (= D. lincolatuin Cooke).

Fig. 27. Dentaliuin Macandrezvi n. n. (old spec. of D. lineolatuin Cooke).

Fig. 28 — 30. Dentaliuin Macandrewi n. n. {= D. clavns Cooke).

Fig- 31 — 34- Dentaliuin Alacandreiui n. n. (= D. aratoruin Cooke).

Sito ga -Expeditie LI\^ M. Boissevain Sraptopoda.

n.\.

9 10 11 12

13 14

16 17 18 19 20

21 22

23 2A-

28 29 3U

PLATE VI.

Fig.

I.

Fig.

2.

Fig.

3-

Fig.

4-

Fig.

5-

Fig.

6,

7-

Fig.

8-

-I I.

Fig.

12.

Fig.

IS-

14.

Fig.

IS-

Fig.

i6,

17-

Fig.

i8,

19.

Fig.

20,

21.

Fig.

22.

Fig.

23-

Fig.

24.

Fig.

25-

-28.

Fig-

29.

Fig.

30.

Fig.

3i>

32.

Fig.

33-

Fig.

34-

Fig.

35-

Fig.

36.

Fig.

37-

Fig.

38,

39-

Fig.

40,

41.

Fig.

42-

-45-

Fig.

46.

Fig.

47-

-50.

Fig.

51-

Fig.

52.

Fig.

53-

Fig.

54.

Fig.

55.

56.

Fig.

57-

Fig.

5«,

59-

Fig.

60-

-64.

Fig.

65.

Fig.

66.

Fig.

67.

Fig.

68.

Fig.

69.

Fig.

70-

-72.

Fig.

73-

-75-

Fig.

76-

-78.

Fig.

79.

81,

Fig.

80,

82,

Fig.

85-

86.

Fig.

87>

88.

Fig.

89.

Dciitaliiim Iicxagomim Gould. Spec. of Amsterdam Museum.

Dcntaltiiin luwagonum var. sexcostatitui. Spec. of Amsterdam Museum.

Dentaliiiin minus 110 v. spec. St. 319.

DcHtaliuiii intercostatiim nov. spec. Stat. 314.

Dentalunn tubiforme nov. spec. St. 212.

Dentaliinn pluricostatnni nov. spec. St. 153.

Dentalium sedecimcostatitm nov. spec. St. 88 and 52.

Dentalium coiiipressiiisciilxm nov. spec. St. 241.

Dentalnnn cntalis L. A specimen from Bodö in the Amsterdam Museum.

Dentalium entalis var. indicum nov. var. St. 159.

Dentaliinn stenoschizum P. & Sh. St. 184. ,

Dentalium tenuifissiim Mont. St. 240.

Dentalium Cookei P. & Sh. St. 207.

Dentalium sinuosum nov. spec. St. 294.

Dentalium leucoryx nov. spec. St. 285.

Dentalium oryx nov. spec. Stat. 302.

Dentalium paucicontortum nov. spec. St. 95.

Dentalium robitstum Braz. St. ?

Dentalium banale nov. spec. St. 300.

Dentalium acicitlum ? Specimens of the Amsterdam Museum labelled together

with D. lacteum Desh., but striated near the apex.
Dentalium truncatum nov. spec. St. 256.
Dentalium tasmaniense Ten. Woods. St. 302.
Dentalium lacteum Desh. Spec. of Amsterdam Museum.
Dentalium subtorquatum Fisch. St. 260.
Dentalium tetrapleurum nov. spec. St. 4.
Dentalium annulosum Braz. St. 314.
Dentalium tricarinatiim nov. spec. St. 178.
Dentalium carneum nov. spec. St. 300.
Dentalium subrectum Jeftreys. St. 4.

Denthlium subrectum Jeti'reys. Specimens collected by Prof. SLUITER near Batavia.

Cadulus dichelus Wats.

Cadulus ovalis nov. spec. St. 51.

Cadulus hexaschistus nov. spec. St. 178.

Cadulus magnus nov. spec. St. 45.

Cadulus longilobatus nov. spec. St. 133.

Cadulus zonatus nov. spec. St. 214.

Cadulus pulcJierrimus nov. spec. St. 314.

Cadulus virginalis nov. spec. St. 52, 208 and 284.

Cadulus abrupto-inflatits nov. spec. St. 5.

Cadulus colubridens Wats. St. 211.

Cadulus pseudolivi nov. spec. St. 211.

Siphonodentalium australasiae nov. spec. St. 211.

Entalina cornucopiae nov. spec.

Entalina mediocarinata nov. spec. St. 5 and 256.

Entalina quadrangularis nov. spec. St. 88 and 151.

Entalina pla tamodes Wats. St. 2 1 1 .

83. Dentalium stapes nov. spec. St. 212.

84. Dentalium insolitum E. A. Smith. St. 300.
Entalina quadrangularis nov. spec. Stat. 88 and 151.
Entalina mediocarinata nov. spec. St. 5 and 256.
Entalina cornucopiae nov. spec. St. 52.

Siboü'a - Expeditie LR^ M, Boissevaiii S('a])hop(>(l;

P1,\'F

20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 3B 37 38 "9 40 41 42 43 '44 45 46 47 48 49 50

79 öü 6i 61 83 84 85 86 87 88 89

L^c/i^.XXX^

RÈSULTATS DES EXPLORATIONS
ZOOLOGIQUES, BOTANIQUES, OCÉANOGRAPHIQUES ET GÉOLOGIQUES

ENTREPRISKS AUX
mDE3 NÉERLANDAISE3 0RrENTALE3 en 1899 — 1900,

a bord du SIBOQ-^

sous LE COSIILANDEJIEKT DE

G, r. TYDEMAN

PUBLIÉS PAK
MAX "WKBER

Chef de 1'eipédition.

*I.

*II.

*11I.

IV.

*\ybis.

V.

*V1.

VIL

*VIII.

IX.

*X.

*XI.

*XII.

*XII1.

XIV.

XV.

*XVI.

XVII.

XVIII.

XIX.

XX.

*XXI.

XXII.

XXIII.

XXI VI.

XXIV2.

*XXV.

XXVI.

*XXVI*!i.

XXVII.

XXVIII.

XXIX.

♦XXX.

XXXI.

XXXII.

XXXIII.

*XXX1V.

XXXV.

* XXXVI.

XXXVII.

XXXVIII.

XXXIX.

XL.

XLI.

XLII.

*XLIII.

*XLIV.

*XLV.

XLVI.

»XLVII.

«XLVIII.

XLIX'.

XLIXi.

*L.

»LI.

*LII.

LIII.

*LIV.

LV.

»LVI.

LVII.

LVIII.

LIX.

*LX.

»LXI.

LXII.

LXIII.

LXIV.

LXV.

LXVI.

lutroduction et description de l'expédition, Max Weber.

Le bateau et son équipement scientifique, G. F. Tydeuian.

Résultats hydrographiques, G. F. Tydemau.

Foraminifera, F. W. Winter.

Xenophyophora, F. E. Schulze.

Radiolaria, M. Hartmann.

Porifera, F. E. Scliulze, 6. C. J. Vosmaer et

Hydropolypi, Ch. Julin. [J. H. Vernho u t ').

Stylasterina, S. J. Hickson et MUo H. M. England.

Siphonophora, MUes Lens et van Riemsdijk.

Hydromedusae, O. Maas.

Scyphomediisae, O. M aas.

Ctenophora, M'le F. Moser.

Gorgonidae, Alcyonidae, J. Versluys et S. J. Hickson ').

Pennatulidae, S. J. Hickson.

Actiniaria, P. Mc M u r r i e h.

Madréporaria, A. Alcock ') et L. Uöderlein.

Antipatharia, P. N. van Kampen.

ïurbeliaiia, L. von Graffet R. R. von Stummer.

Cestodes, J. W. Spengel.

Nematodes, H. F. Nierstrasz.

Chaetognatha, G. H. Fowler.

Nemertini, A. A. W. Hub recht.

Myzostomidae, R. R. von Stummer.

Polychaeta errantia, R. Horst.

Polychaeta sedentaria, M. Cauliery et F. Mesnil.

Gephyrea, C. Ph. Sluiter.

Enteropueusta, J. W. Spengel.

Pterobi-anchia, S. F. H arm er.

Brachiopoda, J. F. van B e m m e 1 e n.

Polyzoa, S. F. Harmer.

Copepoda, A. Scott.

Ostracoda, G. '^ . Muller.

Cirrhipedia, P. P. C. Hoek.

Isopoda, H. J. Hansen.

Amphipoda, Ch. Pérez.

Caprellidae, P. May er.

Stomatopoda, H. J. Hansen.

Cumacea, W. T. Cal man.

Schizopor'a, H. J. Hansen.

Sergestidae, H. J. Hansen.

Decapoda, J. G. de Man.

Pantopoda, J. C. C. Loman.

Halobatidae, J. Th. Oudemans.

Crinoidea, L. Döderlein et C. Vaney.

Echinoidea, J. C. H. de Me ij e re.

Holothurioidea, C. Ph. Sluiter.

Ophiuroidea, R. Kohier.

Asteroidea, L. Döderlein.

Solenogastres, H. F. Nierstrasz.

Chitonidae, H. F. Nierstrasz.

Prosobranchia, M. M. Schepman.

Prosobranchia parasitica. H. F. Nierstrasz.

Opisthobranchia, R. Bergh.

Heteropoda, J. J. Tesch.

Pteropoda, J. J. Tesch.

Laraellibranchiata. P. Pelseneer et Ph. Dautzenberg.

Scaphopoda, M'Ib M. Boissevain.

Cephalopoda, L. Joubin.

Tunicata, C. Ph. Sluiter et J. E. W. Ihle ').

Pisces, Max Vï^eber.

Cetacea, Max Weber.

Liste des algues, M"'e A. Weber.

Halimeda, MUe E. S. Barton. (Mme E. S. Gepp).

Corallinaceae, Mme A. Weber et M. F os 1 ie.

Codiaceae, A. et Mme E. S. Gepp.

Dinoflagellata. Coccosphaeridae, J. P. L o t s y.

Diatomaceae, J. P. Lotsy.

Deposita marina, O. B. Boggild.

Résultats géologiques, A. Wichmann.

Siboga-Expeditie

THE

SCAPHOPODA OF THE lOGA EIPEDITION

TREATED TOGETHER WITH THE KNOWN INDO-PACIFIC SCAPHOPODA

BY

MARIA BOISSEVAIN

De Bilt (Utrecht)
With six plates and 39 textfigures

Monographie LIV of:

UITKOMSTEN OP ZOOLOGISCH,
BOTANISCH, OCEANOGRAPHISCH EN GEOLOGISCH GEBIED

verzameld in Nederlandsch Oost-Indië 1899 — 1900

aan boord H. M. Siboga onder commando van
Luitenant ter zee ie kl. G. F. TYDEMAN

UITGEGEVEN DOOR

Dr. MAX WEBER

Prof. in Amsterdam, Leider der Expeditie

(met medewerking van de Maatschappij ter bevordering van het Natuurkundig
onderzoek der Nederlandsche Koloniën)

BOEKHANDEL EN DRUKKERIJ

VOORHKEN

E. J. BRILL

LEIDEN

^%^^%

\j\i :/;vJ Vf^ '.!^-

iiiiiiiiiiiHminmiiiiiiiiiiii

Publié Décembre 1906

* Les numéros avec uu astérique ont déja paru; ceux marqués i) seulement en partie

Voor de uitgave van de resultaten der Siboga-Expeditie hebben
bijdragen beschikbaar gesteld:

De Maatschappij ter bevordering van het Natuurkundig Onderzoek der Nederlandsche
Koloniën.

Het Ministerie van Koloniën.

Het Ministerie van Binnenlandsche Zaken.

Het Koninklijk Zoologisch Genootschap > Natura Artis Magistra" te Amsterdam.

De »Oostersche Handel en Reederij" te Amsterdam.

De Heer B. H de Waal Oud-Consul-Generaal der Nederlanden te Kaapstad.

M. B. te Amsterdam.

CONDITIONS GÉNÉRALES DE VENTE.

i^. L'ouvrage du „Siboga" se composera d'une série de monographies.

2°. Ces monographies paraitront au fur et a mesure qu'elles seront prêtes.

3°. Le prix de chaque monographie sera différent, maïs nous avons adopté comme base générale du prix de
vente: pour une feuille d'impression sans fig. flor. 0. 15; pour une feuille avec fig. flor. 0.20 a 0.25 ;
pour une pianche noire flor. 0.25; pour une planche coloriée flor. 0.40 ; pour une photogravure flor. 0.60.

4°. Il y aura deux modes de souscription :

a. La souscription a l'ouvrage complet.

b. La souscription a des monographies 'séparées en nombre restreint.
Dans ce dernier cas, le prix des monographies sera majoré de 25 "/q.

5°. L'ouvrage sera réuni en volumes avec titres et index. Les souscripteurs a l'ouvrage complet recevront
ces titres et index, au fur et a mesure que chaque volume sera complet.

Déia oaru: . P"='=

** ^ Souscription Monographies

a 1'ouvrage complet séparées

ie Livr. (Monogr.XLIV) C. Ph. Sluiter. Die Holothurien der Siboga-Expedition. Mit loTafeln. / 6.— ƒ 7.50

2e Livr. (Monogr. LX) E. S. Barton. The genus Halimeda. With 4 plates , 1.80 „ 2.40

3e Livr. (Monogr. I) Max Weber. Introduction et description de l'expédition. Avec Liste des

Stations et 2 cartes „ 6.75 „ 9.—

4e Livr. (Monogr. II) G. F. Tydeman. Description of the ship and appliances used for scientific

exploration. With 3 plates and illustrations „ 2. — „ 2.50

se Livr. (Monogr. XL VII) H.F. Nierstrasz. The Solenogastres of the Siboga-Exp. With 6 plates. „ 3.90 „ 4.90

6e Livr. (Monogr. XIII) J. Versluys. Die Gorgoniden der Siboga-Expeditlon.

I. Die Chrysogorgiidae. Mit 170 Figuren im Text „ 3. — „ 3.75

7e Livr. (Monogr. XVI rt) A. AlCOCk. Report on the Deep-Sea Madreporaria of the Siboga-
Expedition. With 5 plates ^ 4.60 „ 5.75

8e Livr. (Monogr. XXV) C. Ph. Sluiter. Die Sipunculiden und Echiuriden der Siboga-Exp.

, Mit 4 Tafein und 3 Figuren im Text ^ 3. — ^ 3.75

9e Livr. (Monogr. Vla) G. C. J. Vosmacr and J, H. Vernhout, The Porifera of the Siboga-
Expedition. I. The genus Placospongia. With 5 plates , 2.40 „ 3. —

loe.Livr. (Monogr. XI) Otto Maas. Die Scyphomedusen der Siboga-Expedition. Mit 12 Tafein. „ 7.50 „ 9.50

iie Livr. (Monogr. XII) Fanny Moser. Die Ctenophoren der Siboga-Expedition. Mit 4 Tafein. „ 2.80 „ 3.50

12e Livr. (Monogr. XXXIV) P, Mayer. Die Caprellidae der Siboga-Expedition. Mit 10 Tafein. „ 7.80 „ 9.75

13e Livr. (Monogr. III) G. F. Tydeman. Hydrographic results of the Siboga-Expedition. With

24 charts and plans and 3 charts of depths „ 9. — ^ 11.25

14e Livr. (Monogr. XLIII) J. C. H. deMeijere. Die Echinoidea der Siboga-Exp. Mit 23 Tafein. „ 15.— , 18.75

15e Livr. (Monogr. XLVa) René Koehler. Ophiures de l'Expédition du Siboga.

ie Partie. Ophiures de Mer profonde. Avec 56 Planches „ 16.50 „ 20.50

i6e Livr. (Monogr. Lil) J. J, Tesch. The Thecosomata and Gymnosomata of the Siboga-
Expedition. With 6 plates „ 3.75 ^ 4.70

17e Livr. (Monogr. LVIrt) C. Ph. Sluiter. Die Tunicaten der Siboga-Expedition.

I. Abteilung. Die socialen und holosomen Ascidien. Mit 15 Tafein „ 6.75 „ 9. —

i8e Livr. (Monogr. LXI) A. Weber— van Bosse and M. Foslie. The Corallinaceae of the Siboga-
Expedition. With 16 plates and 34 textfigures „ 12.50 „ i5-50

19e Livr. (Monogr. VIII) Sydney J. Hickson and Helen M. England. The Stylasterina of

the Siboga Expedition. With 3 plates „ 1.50 , 1.90

20e Livr. (Monogr. XLVIII) H. F. NierstraSZ. Die Chitonen der Siboga-Exp. Mit 8 Tafein. „ 5.— , 6.25

2ie Livr. (Monogr. XLV<^) René Koehler. Ophiures de l'Expédition du Siboga.

2e Partie. Ophiures littorales. Avec 18 Planches „ 10.25 „ 12.75

22e Livr. (Monogr. XXVlóis) Sidney F. Harmer. The Pterobranchia of the Siboga-Expedition,

with an account of other species. With 14 plates and 2 text-figures „ 6.75 „ 9. —

23e Livr. (Monogr. XXXVI) W. T. Calman. The Cumacea of the Siboga Expedition. With

2 plates and 4 text-figures „ 1.80 „ 2.40

24e Livr. (Monogr. LVIrt) C. Ph. Sluiter. Die Tunicaten der Siboga-Expedition.

Supplement zu der I. Abteilung. Die socialen und holosomen Ascidien. Mit i Tafel. „ — .75 „ i.—

25e Livr. (Monogr. L) Rud. Bergh. Die Opisthobranchiata der Siboga-Exped. Mit 20 Tafein. „ 11.25 v 14.10

26e Livr. (Monogr. X) OttO Maas. Die Craspedoten Medusen der Siboga-Exp. Mit 14 Tafein. „ 9.25 , 12.50

27e Livr. (Monogr. XUla) J. Versluys. Die Gorgoniden der Siboga-Expedition.

II. Die Primnoidae. Mit lo Tafein, 178 Figuren im Text und einer Karte . . . „ 12.50 „ 16.75

28e Livr. (Monogr. XXI) G. Herbert Fowler. The Chaetognatha of the Siboga Expedition.

With 3 plates and 6 charts „ 4.20 „ 5.25

29e Livr. (Monogr. LI) J. J. Tesch. Die Heteropoden der Siboga-Expedition. Mit 14 Tafein. „ 6.75 „ 9. —

30e Livr. (Monogr. XXX) G. W. Muller. Die Ostracoden der Siboga-Exped. Mit 9 Tafein. „ 3.50 , 4.40

31e Livr. (Monogr. IWèis) Franz Eilhard Schulze. Die Xenophyophoren der Siboga-Exped.

Mit 3 Tafein „ 2.40 „ 3. —

32e Livr. (Monogr. LIV) Maria Boissevain. The Scaphopoda of the Siboga Expedition.

With 6 plates and 39 textfigures „ 4.80 „ 6. —

I flor. = Mrk 1.70 = I sh. 8 d. = frs 2.12 en chiffies airondies.

^=^}gSJ^

isss~;

-:-<:«-^»U',cucc;

■.",:xxr.XvX:a::iXi=

->^^»«■^.J^J^^Afl<^^>■J^^