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THE GORGONACEA OF THE SIBOGA EXPEDITION

V. THE ISID/E

Sib o ga- Expeditie

XIII b-

THE

GORGONACEA OF THE SIBOGA EXPEDITION

V. THE ISIDiE

BY

C. C. NUTTING

Professor of Zoology, State University of Iowa

With 6 plates

(Aided by a grant from the ELIZABETH THOMPSON SCIENCE FUND)

»6»$®ï<8<

late E. J. BEILL

PUBLISHERS AND PRINTERS

LEYDEN I9IO

THE GORGONACEA OF THE SIBOGA EXPEDITION

V. THE ISIDCE

BY

C. C. NUTTING,

Professor of Zoology, State University of Iowa.

With 6 plates.

(Aided by a grant from the elizabeth thompson science fund.

Family Isid.e.

Isis Linnaeus. Hortus Cliffortianus, 1737.

Isis (in part) Pallas. Elenchus Zoophytorum, 1766, p. 220. ■

Isis (in part) Linnasus. Systema Natura;, I2th Edition, 1767, p. 287.

Isis (in part) Ellis and Solander. Natural History of Zoophytes, 1786, p. 104.

Isis (in part) Esper. Die Pflanzenthiere, Vol. I, 1891, p. 277.

Isidetz (in part) Lamouroux. Hist. Polypes coral. flexibles, 18 16, p. 458.

Isidince (in part) Milne Edwards and Haime. Hist. nat. des Coralliaires, Vol. I, 1857, p. 193.

Isidiine Kölliker. Icones Histiologicse, II, 1865, p. 140.

Isidce 4- Mopseada; -f- Aca?ielladce -f- Keratoisida Gray. Catalogue of Lithophytes in the Col-

lections in the British Museum, 1870, pp. 13, 16, 18, 19.
Isidce Studer. Monatsbericht der königl. Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Berlin, 1878, p. 66 1.
Isidce -f- Ceratoisidce Verrill. Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology, Vol. XI, N° 1,

1883, p. 9.
Isidcv Studer. Versuch eines Systemes der Alcyonaria, 1887, p. 42.
Isidce Wright and Studer. Challenger Reports, the Alcyonaria, 1889, p. 24.
Isidce Bourne. A Treatise on Zoology, Part II, Chapter VI, 1900, p. 28.
Isidce Hickson. National Antarctic Expedition, Vol. III, Coelentera Alcyonaria, 1907, p. 4.
Isidce Nutting. Descriptions of Hawaiian Alcyonaria, 1908, p. 570.

SIBOGA-EXrEDlTIE XIII b1. !

l'lx- earlicr writers usually included the species now allotted to the family Melitodida
in the old -'•mus /sis, thus involving the classification of the Isida in considerable confusion

K with lus usual clear insight, separated the " Me/itkaacea" and Isidinae

lisünct subfamilies >>t' his Gorgonidae, using the characters of the axis cylinder.

G tablished the families Isida, Mopsead : inellada and Keratoisida, all

of which are n<>\\ included in the single family Isida.

gav( .1 careful diagnosis "t' the family Isida, and divided it into the
Primnoisidina and Isidina. Later (1889), in the Challenger Report,
Wright and Studer defined the family as follows:

"Colony consisting of a simple or branched axis. The axis consists ol calcareous and
horny (internodal and nodal regions; the branches when present arising from either the nodal
or internodal regions, sometimes anastomosing ; the axis solid or hollow, smooth, lluted or
inulate. Ih< ■ base of the axis calcareous and attached".

ro avoid any confusion of certain species of the Melitodida with the Isida, this definition,
although substantially correct, may be modified for the purposes of the present work as follows:

Gorgonacea with an axis composed of alternating calcareous and horny segments, the
former being amorphous and not composed of a mass of agglutinated spicules, and the latter
entirely horny without the admixture of definite calcareous spicules.

S veral authors have proposed breaking up this family into subfamilies; hut with the
increase of our knowledge of the group this becomes increasingly difficult. Gray (1870) went
to the extreme of placing the species now included in the Isida into four distinct families,
viz. Mopseida, Acanellada, Keratoisida and Isida.

VERRIL] 1883 separates all but the genus his into a family Ceratoisida, which therefore
includes Gray's Keratoisida, Acanellada and Mopseida. Studer (1887) divides the family into
the subfamilies Ceratoisidina \ Primnoisidina (including Mopseida) and Isidina. In their Report
on the Alcyonaria of the Challenger Expedition (1889) Wright and Studer substitute the name
Mopseina for Studer's subfamily Primnoisidina, and base the subfamilies of the Isida on the
characters of the spicules.

The trouble with this arrangement is the intergrading features between the Mopseina
and Ceratoisidina. In his discussion of the genera Ceratoisis and Primnoisis, which belong to
the Ceratoisidina and Mopseina respectively, Hickson (1907) holds that these genera are nol
distinct, and proposes including both in the genus Ceratoisis. He says :

- rhe study of many specimens belonging to this family has convinced me that this
subdivision is unnecessary and inconvenient. The many variations "I spicule characters that are
found in thi if a single genus render these structures unsatisfactory for the purpose ol

systematic differentiation. If we take a single species from each of two of the subfamilies
and compare them, the differences observed in the character and arrangement ot the spicules
may >eem to be of a higher rank than the usual differences between genera; while, on the

hand the examination of a large number of species of the same two genera will reveal

of the intermediate conditions as to render the separation of the genera, on spicule

lone, impossible. This kind of difficulty is particularly well seen in the ras.- ol the

genera Ceratoisis and Primnoisis which were placed by Professors Wright and Studer in the
subfamilies Ceratoisintr and Mopseince" 1.

This view is supported by an argument which should be read carefully by those interested
in the discussion, but is too long to be quoted here. The present writer believes, however, that
the family Isidcc was ably handled by Wright and Studer, and flnds himself unable to agree
with the eminent authority quoted above.

The intergradation of spicules is very wide spread among the Alcyonaria, and yet there
are often certain dominant forms of spicules that are quite characteristic of definite groups, and
therefore available for systematic purposes and form good zoological characters s.

The spicules of the Ceratoisidince are of two general types. ist. True spindles, either with
verrucae or comparatively plain or needle-like. These may be slightly forked or bind at one end,
but this does not alter their essential character. 2nd. Flattened spindles which are often bar-like with
rounded ends, or with ends enlarged forming a lengthened hour-glass, or biscuit-form. These may
approach the form of scales rather than of spindles. Even in such cases their edges are smooth,
not ctenate nor with branched processes, although they may be beset with minute thorny points.

These spicules seem to me to be quite distinct from those found in the genus Primnoisis,
which has the characteristic scales of the primnoid gorgonians, with branched processes or finely
ctenate edges, often imbricating on the calyx walls.

This difference is strikingly shown in Plate IX of the Challenger Alcyonaria, where
figures i to 5 represent spicules of Acanella, one of the Ceratoisincr; and figures 6 to i i all
representing species of Mopseincr. Or compare Plate Va, figures i to 9, all of Ceratoisidiiia-,
with Plate IX, figures 6 to 11, of spicules of Mopseina:. It seems to the writer that it would
be difficult to show greater contrasts than are found not only in these figures, but also in slides
of spicules from specimens of Ccratoisidincc on the one hand, and Mopseince on the other.

It is true that Hicksox's Ceratoisis spicata (loc. cit., p. 7) at first seems to form an
intergrading link between these subfamilies; but it appears to me that this is more seeming
than real. This writer describes the spicules, in part, as follows :

"The calyces are covered with an armature of overlapping scales, some of which are
triradiate, others irregular in form".

According to this description and the figures none of these spicules show any real
approach to the form of the characteristic spicules of Ceratoisis. Moreover the writer says:

"In the character of the axis it is closely related to Primnoisis" .

The calyx spicules resemble closely some of the thorny scales of the primnoid genus
Caligorgia, for instance.

The present writer, therefore, would place Hicksox's Ceratoisis spicata in the genus Prim-
noisis, calling it Primnoisis spicata (Hickson), and retain the subfamilies adopted by Wright
and Studer, modifying, how-ever, their subfamily diagnoses as follows:

I s i d i n ae : — Ccenenchyma thick ; calyces inserted ; spicules densely tuberculate spindles, oval
radiate forms, heads, doublé heads, etc.

1 National Antarctic Expedition. Natural History, Vol. VII, Ccelentera Alcyonaria, 1907, p. 4.

2 See the discussion of this point by the writer in his Report on the Muriceida: of the Siboga Expedition. 1910, p. 5.

ratoisidinae enenchyma thin; calyces inserted, long, usually cylindrical; characterisüc

spicules in the form <>f spindles, or flattened bar like of hour-glass forms \\ hich are smooth

i>r with minute spiny points, never with true verrucae; colonj not profusely branched.

setnac enenchyma thin; calyces usually exserted; often club-shaped; characteristic

spicules flattened scales, uiten profusely branched or ctenate on their edges.

Systematic relationships ol the family Isnu.

The closesl affinities of this family seem to be with the Primnoida, a fact which has heen
commented upon- 1>\ several writers, the calcareous internodes of the former being appanntK
very similar in composition and structure to the calcareous axis of the latter. The ccenenchyma
is usually thin in both families

In the polyps and calyces >>( certain Isida we have a very strikin^ similarity to those of
the Primnoida, and this is particularly true in the case of tlie new genus J'eltastisis described
in this Report. Here the form ut' the calyx, the form and arrangement of the spicules, the
reduction in the number of adaxial scales, and the essential character of the uperculum (a scale
t" each segment) are all typically primnoid in their nature. Werc it not for the jointed axis
*<( Peltastisis 1 doubt il" any one would hesitate in putting it in the family Primnoida.

Indeed the character of the axis alone can be successfully used in separating these two
closely related families.

( m the other hand, the Isida show many characters in common with the sclerogorgian
family Melitodida. These families can not be separated on the characters of the spicules, for
those of the Isina show the same general characters as are common in the Melitodida-. The
nodes and internodes are superficially much alike in the two families, and the calcareous inter-
nodes are in some cases, particularly in the older parts of the colony, apparently almost as
completely calcareous and amorphous in the Melitodida as in the Isida. It was formerly held
that both nodes and internodes of Melitodida- were penetrated by solenia ; hut this is now
denied '. Here, again, the characters of the axis seem to afford the only reliable means of
family differentiation, the horny nodes of the Melitodida- being always more or less mixed with
calcareous spicules, while those of the Isida are purely horny, without spicules.

I he writer desires to emphasize an opinion elsewhere expressed '- as follows:

*( )ur knowledge of the lower invertebrates is still far too fragmentary to permit us to
indulge the hope that our work as systematists will really serve to express in final form the
actual relationships of any large group of animals.

\\ hile a natural classification is a 'consummation devoutly to be desired' we are not yet,
it seems to me, in sight of it".

The main service of classification, in our present state of knowledge, is to facilitate
itification of groups, the final result being facility in determination of species.

\ Treatise on Zoology. Part II, Chaptet VI, p. 2S. 191

I >n, Hl The MuriceicUe, 1900, p. g.

5
Key to the genera of the Isid.e.

(Genene names enclosed in brackets indicate that such genera are not represented in the Siboga collection).

I s i d i n ae :

Spicules densely tuberculate spindles, calyces included Isis

Ceratoisidinae:

Calyces not uniserial, and with a crown of points formed by large, needle-
like spicules.
Colony simple; or, if branched, with branches springing from the calcareous
internodes.
Calyx with an external layer of flattened, bar-like spicules with

rounded ends (Lepidisis)

Calyx with spindles or needies only Ceratoisis

Colony branched, branches arising from horny nodes Acanella

Calyces sometimes uniserial, without a crown of points.

Colony unbranched ; calyces uniserial (Bathygorgia)

Colony branched, branches from calcareous internodes.

Coenenchyma with spicules (Callisis)

Coenenchyma without spicules (Sclerisis)

Branches from horny nodes (Isidella).

M o p s e i n ae :

Calcareous internodes with serrated ridges (Acanthoisis)

Calcareous internodes without serrated ridges.

Calyces uniserial, with true opercula Peltastisis

Calyces not uniserial, no true opercula.

Spicules of calyx ctenate scales, or with thorny points .... Mopsea
Spicules of calyx spindles, with true verrucae (Chelidonisis) x

Synoptic view of the genera and species of Isid.e sec u red by the Siboga.

* The asterisk (*) denotes a new species.

I s i d i n se.
Isis.

I. lüppuris, I. *reticulata.

Ceratoisidinae.

Ceratoisis.
C. paucispinosa, C. philippincnsis, C. *wrighti,
C. sp.1

Acanella.

A. ^siöoga-, A. *weöeri, A. sp.}

Mopseinae.

Mopsea.
M. *flava, M. *alba.

Peltastisis.
P. *uniserialist P. *cornuta.

1 This form shows affinities with the Isidina in the form of its spicules, which are much like those of Isis hippuris\ but has
a rather thin coenenchyma and evident calyces, characters which allie it with the Mopscintz. See Studer, Alcyonaires provenant des
Campagnes de 1'Hirondelle, 1901, p. 39 and Plate Iv, fig. 9.

It will l from the table that of the thirteen species collected, thrt-<- v

iously known, t\\<> are represented by material insufficiënt for identification, and èight are
ribed as new.

Systematic description oi genera and species oi Isn.i
11 1' the Siboga collection.

Isidinae. See the definition of this subfamily on p. 3

Isis Linnaeus.

[sis (in part) Linnaeus. Hortus Cliffortianus, 1737. p. 479.

in part Linnaeus. Systema Naturae, 1758, p. 1287.

in part Pallas. Elenchus Zoophytorum, [766, p. 220.

m part) Ellis and Solander. Natural History of Zoophytes, 17.S6, p. 104.
/sis (in parti Esper. Die Pflanzenthiere, Vol. I, 1791, p- 27.
[sis Lamouroux. Hist. Polypes coral. flexibles, 18 16, p. 4687.
/.<:.< Lamouroux. Exposition Méthodique, 1821, p. 39.
[sis Lamarck. Hist. Nat. Anim. sans Wit., 1856, p. 473.

[sis (in part) Milne Edwards et Haime. Hist. nat. des Coralliaires, Vol. 1, [857, p. 193.
[sis Gray. Proceedings Zool. Society of London, 1857.
Isis K<dliker. Icones Histiologicae, II. 1865, p. 140.

/sis Dana. Synopsis Report on Zoophytes of the Wilkes Expedition, 1859, p. 144.
Isis Studer. Versuch eines Systemes der Alcyonaria, [887, p. 46.
Isis Wright and Studer. Challenger Reports, the Alcyonaria, 1889, p. XLV.
/sis Thomson and Simpson. Alcyonarians of the Indian Ocean, 11, Alcyonarians of the Deep
Sea, 1909, p. 1S0.

The original genus Isis included not only all of the present Isida, but also certain of

MelitodicLe, and resulted in the same confusion as in the synonymy of the family Isidee.

Lamouroux (1S16) appears to have used the name in almost its modern signification ; but

subse(]uent writers included many other forms, until Grav (1857) restricted the genus. Kölliker

1865) was the fust to carefully describe the spicules and use them in his generic definition,

and subsequent writers have used the name as understood in the present work.

This being the only genus of the subfamily Isidina, the definition already given for the
Isidinae will serve for the genus.

The type species of this genus is Isis hippuris Linn., and the only other known species
in the Isis reticulata described beyond.

1. Isis hippuris Linnseus. (Plate I. figs. 1, \a, \l>-. Plate V, tig. 1).

hippuris (in part) Linnseus. Systema Naturae, [2'h Edition, p. 12S7.

Isis hippuris (in part] Pallas. Elenchus Zoophytorum, 1766, p. 233.

Isis hippuris Kllis and Solander. Natural History ol Zoophytes, [786, p. 105.

/sis hippuris (in part) Esper. Die Pflanzenthiere, Vol. I, 1791, p- 279.

/sis hippuris Lamouroux. Histoire Polypiers coralligènes flexibles, 1816, p. .,

Isis hippuris Lamouroux. Exposition Méthodique, [821, p. 39.

Isis hippuris Lamarck. Histoire Naturelle des animaux sans vertèbres, 1836, p. 475.

Isis kippuris Milne Edwards et Haime. Histoire nat. des Coralliaires, Vol. I, 1857, p. [04.
Isis liippuris Steenstrup. Om slaegter og de under Isis kippuris Linn. sammenblendede Arten,

1848, p. 1.
Isis kippuris Kölliker. Icones Histiologicse, II, 1S65, p. 140.
Isis kippuris Thomson and Simpson. Alcyonarians of the Indian Ocean, II, 1909, p. 180.

Stat. 71. Makassar and surroundings. Up to 32 meters. Mud, sand with mud, coral.

Stat. 133. Anchorage off Lirung, Salibabu-Island. Up to 36 meters. Mud and hard sand.

Stat. 142. Anchorage off Laiwui, coast of Obi Major. 23 meters. Very fine hard sand, mud.

Stat. 144. Anchorage North of Salomakiëe (Damar) Island. 45 meters. Coral bottom and

Lithothamnion.

Stat. 149. F au Anchorage and lagune. West coast of Gebé Island. 31 meters. Coral.

Stat. 258. Tual Anchorage, Kei Islands. 22 meters. Lithothamnion, sand and coral.

Stat. 279. Rumah-Kuda Bay, Roma Island. 36 meters. Mud and sand.

Stat. 301. io°3S'S., I23°25'.2E. 22 meters. Mud, coral and Lithothamnion.

Stat. 303. Haingsisi, Samau Island. Up to 36 Meters. Lithothamnion.

Colony (incomplete) 28 cm. in height, growing in a densely aggregated mass of branches
which are individually composed largely of tufts of branchlets. Main stem, or branch, round in
section, about 1 cm. in diameter. The main branches are lateral in position, often flattened
proximally in the plane of ramification. The secondary branches are usually lateral in position
and often bear terminal twigs which are swollen, round and pointed at the ends.

The ccenenchyma is very thick and fieshy, and does not show any external evidence, in
alcoholic specimens, of the jointed axis. The calyces are entirely included, and are distributed
on all sides of the stem and branches, much as in the Plexauridcc. Their openings are almost
completely concealed, appearing only as minute depressions in the general surface of the branches,
the openings being no larger than pin holes. In color and appearance the colony greatly
resembles a profusely branching Millepora, the fine pits closely resembling the gastropores of
the latter. The polyps are very minute and entirely retracted, so that little of their structure
'could be ascertained without sectioning. The surface is quite smooth, the spicules not being
evident on account of their small size.

A cross section of a branch reveals a very thick ccenenchyma in which the relatively
small calyces are embedded. The ccenenchyma is filled with a dense mass of small spicules.
Around the axis is a series of very large watervascular canals, their number being very often
eight in the smaller branches. The axis is composed of alternate horny and calcareous joints,
the latter being the longer and larger, being 1 cm. in diameter in the specimen described. Their
length is about 1 cm., and this does not vary greatly even in the distal branchlets.

These calcareous internodes are strongly fluted longitudinally, the grooves being the
impressions of the primary watervascular canals. The horny nodes are much shorter, not exceeding
3 mm. in the specimen described, and having a diameter of 5 mm. where the adjacent calcareous
joints are 1 cm. long. The branches usually arise from the calcareous nodes, but bifurcations
usually take place upon the distal ends of horny joints.

A cross section of a calcareous internode about 5 mm. in diameter shows a central
amorphous area surrounded by a darker line, like a line of growth, enclosing a figure with
eight concave sides, bevond this, at varying distances, are other similar lines enclosing figures
of more than eight concave sides, the outer lines being closer together than the others. While

8

ous substance of the a\is shows .1 crystalline appearance, there are no indications

th.it u is composed of fused spicules. The concave si. les of th< section ccirrespond, of

rrooves for the primary canals, and the number eight seems significant as being

the original number <'t' these canals, corresponding to the eight inlermesenterial chambers of

primary polyp >>t" the colony or branch. The central area is marked bj an axial nuclear

t, from which many lines radiate toward the periphery of the area

The homy nu. les are hour-glass shaped, in longitudinal section, their ends being concave

lor the insertion of the convex ends of the calcareous internodes. At the line of juncture there

n irregular mass of horny projecrions alternating with the calcareous material, giving an

anchorage that binds the node and internode together. There are no calcareous spicules in

the nodes

Spicules. These are all quite small, and of several forms. All are modifications of
short tuberculate spindles. Doublé spindles, dumb-bell shapes, doublé heads, crosses and densely
tuberculate oval forms predominate. All are closely tuberculate, and most of them show a
median, constricted smooth girdle. There are a few doublé crosses and spindles with regular
whorls of tubercles.

• lor. The specimens in alcohol are a tan brown, the dried specimens being- darker
brown. A\is white, with the horny nodes dark hom brown.

General distribution. This species has been reported from the Indian Ocean, and
parts *<\ the tropical eastern Pacific. The form reported from the Mediterranean is in all
probability not this species or genus.

This species is quite variable, and specimens differ much according to size and age, the
larger sterns and branches having the "moniliform" appearance that has led some authors to
describe several species on the basis of what appears to be merely variëtal ditierences.

Many of the dried specimens were originally much larger than the one described; but,
owing to their excessive brittleness, they are so badly broken up that the original dimensions
can not easily be ascertained.

2. Isis reticulata new species. (Plate I, figs. 2, 2a: Plate V, fio-. 2).

Stat. 273. Anchorage off Pulu Jedan, East coast of Aru Islands. 13 meters. Sand and shells.

Colony much broken up. the specimens consisting of large and small fragments all from
the same station. General habit loose and straggling. much less inclined to the formation of
dense tufts than in Isis hippuris. The thickest stem found is 7 mm. in diameter, and the horny
internodes are almost entirely obliterated. being indicated by darker color alone. The longitudinal
are continuous over the calcareous and horny joints, the latter being but slightly con-
stricted. The first calcareous internode is 1 cm. long, the next 1.6 cm., the next 2 cm., and
ng a hranch a little above its middle. Further up the horny nodes are sharply constricted,
ed and about 2 mm. in length. The 1 nam hing is straggling, and there are occasional
istomoses of branches. There is a distinct tendency toward a flabellate form of colony. The

distal branches are much longer and more slender than in Isis hippuris, sometimes attaining
a length of as much as 17 cm., while their diameter is only 2 mm. The terminal twigs are
not swollen at the ends, in marked contrast to /. hippuris.

The calyces are entirely included, very small, and sparsely and irregularly distributed on
all sides of the branches. The polyps are partially expanded in the specimen described, making
it difficult to ascertain the form and size of the apertures. Where the polyps are fully retracted
the surface of the branch is perfectly smooth, with little or no indication of the calyx openings.
The polyps themselves are small and appear to be devoid of spicules, both in body walls
and tentacles. Consequently they are very soft and flabby, and are usually prone against the
ccenenchyma of the branches when expanded in alcoholic specimens.

Spicules. The spicules are minute, smaller than in Isis hippuris, and distinctly different
in shape, being much more delicate spindles with tubercles often symmetrically disposed around
the main axis. Irregular branched forms are common. Crosses are more rarely seen, and also
a few curved spindles with large tubercles. A comparison of a slide of spindles from I. reticulata
with one from I. hippuris shows a very distinct difference in the assemblage of forms of the
two species.

Color. The entire colony, in alcohol, is reddish brown. The polyps are more distinctly
reddish than the ccenenchyma, sometimes approaching a maroon.

The species seems quite distinct from Isis hippuris, from which it differs in manner of
branching, reticulation, slenderness of twigs, color, and most of all in the character of the spicules.

Ceratoisidinae. (For definition of subfamily see p. 4).
Ceratoisis Wright.

Keratoisis E. Percival Wright. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, 4'h Series, Vol. II,

1868, p. 427. (Name only).

Keratoisis E. Percival Wright. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, 4^ Series, Vol. III,

1869, p. 23.

Keratoisis Gray. Catalogue of Lithophytes in the British Museum, 1870, p. 18.

Keratoisis Studer. Monatsbericht der Königl. Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Berlin, 1878^.662.

Ceratoisis Verrill. Bulletin Museum of Comparative Zoology, Vol. XI, 1883, p. 10.

Ceratoists Wright and Studer. Challenger Reports, the Alcyonaria, 1889, p. 26.

Ceratoisis (in part) Hickson. National Antarctic Expedition. Natural History, Vol. III, Ccelentera

Alcyonaria, 1907, p. 5.
Ceratoisis Nutting. Hawaiian Alcyonaria, 190S, p. 570.

The original description of this genus is as follows :

"Coral branched, irregularly furcate; axis jointed, composed of horny and calcareous
portions; the latter are hollow, smooth, varying considerably in length, and maintaining their
form after maceration in caustic alkalies; the branches are given off from the calcareous portions.
The so-called "barky layer" (coenenchyma) is well developed, and contains a large number of
calcareous spicules. The polyps are irregularly and somewhat densely grouped all around the

SIBOGA-EXPEP1TIE XIII b*. 2

io

they are ol in completely covered with spicules, which are closely packed

by side. A variable number nine to eleven) of long fusiform spicules
surround the apical portion <>f the polype, forming a calyx. Tentacles eight,
pinnately lobed".

V'errili includes in this genus all of his family ■ Ceratoisida" that have the coenenchyma

and filled with large fusiform spicules and the calyx armed with .1 crown of spines.

rhis definition is somewhat misleading, as the small spicules often found in the calyces and

coenenchyma are often not fusiform but lenticular or "biscuit-shaped", sometimes fiddle-shaped,

i>r even oval.

ractically adopts the original definition of Wright. Wrighi and Sn hik

point out the difficulty of distinguishing between the unbranched species of Lepidisis
(Verrill) and the unbranched forms of Ceratoisis. This point seems t<> the present writer to be
well taken, and should result in the combination of the two genera, as suggested by Wright
and StüDJ R.

r definition of the genus Ceratoisis is as follows:

- The colony is simple or branched, in ilic latter case with the branches arising from
the calcareous internodes. rhese latter are long and hollow when young. The coenenchyma
contains long smooth spindles or needle-like spicules. In the polyps, which are nonretractile,
there are large needies. One row of these spicules is so disposed that one lies at the base
between each |>air of tentacles and projects beyond them, the result being a circlet of diverging
spines around the oral region".

This definition is dificient in the fact that it makes no mention of the oblong, compara-
tively smooth. oval. or lenticular spicules found both in Ceratoisis grayi (the type species) and
in the species of Vi rrii i 's genus Lepidisis. This point, however, is covered in their more
elaborate definition of the genus on page 26 of the Challenger Report. Alcyonaria, 1S89.

The genus Ceratoisis, as used in the present work, may be defined as follows:

Ceratoisidinee whose calyces are armed with a crown of needledike spicules. The axis is
simple or sparingly branched, the calcareous internodes hollow, at least in the younger portions
of the colony. Coenenchyma, and often the calyces, with oblong, lenticular, fiddle-shaped, or
oval scales with comparatively smooth surfaces.

The type species of this genus is Ceratoisis grayi Wright. Other species are C. Lepidisis)
caryophyllia (Verrill), C. ftabellum Nutting, C. gracilis Thomson and Henderson, C. grandiflora
Studer, C'. grandis Nutting, C. (Lepidisis inermis (Studer). C. japonica Studer, C. Lepidisis)
longifiora (Verrill), C. nuda Wright and Studer, C. ornata Verrill, C. palma Wright and Studer,
C. philippinensis Wright and Studer, C. rantosa Hickson, C. siemenensis Studer, C. (Lepidisis)
vitrea Verrill), and the new species described in the present work.

1. Ceratoisis paucispinosa Wright and Studer.

itoisis paucispinosa Wright and Studer. Challenger Reports, the Alcyonaria, 1889, p. 28.

t. 52. <ƒ ? .4 S., 119 y,.jY.. >jï<j meters. Globigerina ooze.

1 1

Specimens consisting of two fragments, probably from the same stem. The largest of
these includes the base of the colony consisting of large thin, plate-like calcareous lobes, but
one of which is complete. This is 2.6 cm. long. The fragment has an entire length of 26 cm.
The first internode above the base is the shortest, being 3.5 mm. long. The next is r.7 cm.,
the next 3.1 cm. the next 4.3 cm., the next 4.5 cm., and the remaining three gradually diminish
in size. The diameter at base is 3 mm., at distal end 1.5 mm. The longest horny node is the
third, which is 3 mm. long, and their length diminishes to the distal node which is 1.4 mm.
The surfaces of the internodes are marked by shallow longitudinal furrows. The other fragment
is nearly 18 cm. long, much more slender than the first, and the length of the internodes varies
from 1 cm. to 2.9 cm. The specimens are so mutilatecl that the arrangement of the calyces can
not be determined, further than that they appear to be borne on all sides of the stem.

The individual calyces are excessively long and slender. It is possible that the specimen
has been dried at some time, and that the polyps have been shrivelled so as to be more
slender than they were originally. A typical calyx is 8 mm. long to the top of the marginal
spines, 2.2 mm. in diameter at margin, and 1.1 mm. at the narrowest part of the pedicel, near
the middle. There are a few slender, needle-like spicules on the proximal part of the calyx,
especially on the abaxial side, and a series of 8 very long, sharp smooth spindles with their
points projecting far beyond the margin, forming a crown of points. There are a few needle-like
spindles in the ccenenchyma near the polyp bases. Otherwise the ccenenchyma is rather leathery
and almost devoid of large spindles. But there are numerous comparatively minute bar-like
spicules near the surface of the ccenenchyma, and a few minute spicules in the tentacles.

Spicules. These are long sharp needies, and small bar-like forms. The former sometimes
attain a length of 5 mm., and are usually sharp at both ends. Their surface is studded with
numerous small sharp thorn-like points. The largest of these needies form the marginal crown
of points. The bar-like forms in the ccenenchyma are minute, rather short bars, with their ends
somewhat expanded and rounded.

C o 1 o r. The colony is ivory white (in alcohol), and the polyps are very light brown.

General distribution. The type locality is off the Hyalonema Grounds, Japan,
343 fathoms.

A comparison with polyps of the Challenger type shows that the Siboga specimens
have nore slender calyces, due probably to drying. The original description says that the
ccenenchyma is without spicules. These are minute, and might escape observation.

2. Ceratoisis pliilippincnsis Wright and Studer.

Ceratoisis philippincnsis Wright and Studer. Challenger Reports, the Alcyonaria, 1SS9, p. 27.

Stat. 52. 90 3'-4 S., U9°56'.7E. 959 meters. Globigerina ooze.

Stat. 122. I°S8'.5N., 1250 o'. 5 E. 1264— 1 165 meters. Stone.

? Stat. 173. 3° 27' S., 1 3 1° o'. 5 E. 567 meters. Fine yellow grey mud.

? Stat. 178. 20 40' S., i28°37'.5E. 835 meters. Blue mud.

Specimens consisting of two unbranched fragments, the longest being 13.6 cm. in length.

I 2

ingest calcareous internode is 6.1 cm. long, while the horny nodes are but i mm. li
The shorter fragment bas ;i thicker axis than die other, their diameters bemg 2 mm. and
rively. Both are largely denuded of coenenchyma, but retain this and the polyps
in pla 1 1 1 c ■ calyces are rather closelj set in irregular spirals, being on all sides of the

stem or brunch.

The individual calyces are columnar in shape and usually project at a wide angle from
stem. A typical one is 4.5 mm. in height and 2.5 mm. in diameter. The walls are nearly
straight. There are a few transversely disposed spindles near the base, and a row of about
eight Kuii4 spindles extending perpendicularly from the transverse spicules to beyond the margin,
around which they form a crown of points. Shorter spindles support the larger ones near the
bas.-, as il propping them. The dorsal surfaces of the tentacles are armed with two or three
rtiws of bar-like spicules longitudinally disposed.

The coenenchyma of the stem is thin and stripped from most of the specimens. It contains
a few spicules in the form of spindles.

Spicules. These are nearly all slender spindles, pointed at the ends and attaining a
length of 3. mm. They differ from the others described in having their surfaces almost perfectly
smooth, without verrucae or projecting points of any kind, thus rcsembling most of the spicules
of the pennatulids. The largest of these spicules are those forming the crown of points around
the calyx margins. Besides these spindles, there are a few bar-like forms with rounded ends,
found in the tentacles.

Color. The specimens are ivory white, in alcohol. The nodes are dark brown, and the
polyps very light brown.

General distribution. The type locality is Challenger Station 20 1 , off the Philippines ;
depth 82 fathoms; bottom, stones.

This species is also found in the Japanese waters. (Nuttin-g, Mss.).

The specimen described is labeled ■ Ceratoisis pkilippinensis". This was very likely written
by 1 >r. Versluys during his preliminary studies of the Gorgonacca of the Siboga Expedition.
Through his kindness the writer has been permitted to examine fragments of the Challenger
types of this species. These agree fairly well with the above description ; but differ considerably
from the description in the Challenger Report, having calyces in some instances 5 mm. in height,
and with the spiculation as described above. The small spicules are more numerous than in
the Siboga material, and the color of the calyces is much darker. The calcareous internodes
are longer in the Siboga material than the descriptions of the type would indicate.

3. Ceratoisis wrighti new species1. (Plate II, figs. 1, ia; Plate V, fig. 3).

Stat. 87. o°32'S., [I9°39'.8E. 655 meters. Fine grey mud.
Colony over 1 meter in length ('113 cm.), unbranched. The base consists of two very

1 Namcd in honoi il E. PerciVAI WrICHT who first dcfincd the genus Ceratoisis.

long, expanded, lobular limestone processes, extending laterally from die bottom of die stem.
One of these processes is nearly 5.6 cm. in length, and 5 mm. wide at its broadest point. The
greatest diameter of the axis, near base, is 3.3 mm. The shortest (basal) internode is 3.5 mm.
long, and the longest (4th from base) 3.3 cm. The horny nodes are short, and the longest (basal)
one is 3 mm. in length. Average length about 1 mm. The polyps are biserially arranged, in
general, although this is occasionally interfered with by one situated on the front or back of
the colony. They all curve upward toward the distal end of the colony, with their adaxial sides
almost contiguous with the ccenenchyma of the stem; the summit of one reaching to, or slightly
beyond, the base of the one next above.

The individual calyx is columnar or cylindrical in form, but many are swollen with ova
in their proximal portion. A typical one is 6 mm. in height to the end of the crown of points,
and 2.5 mm. broad at the slightly expanded margin. There is usually one conspicuous, needle-
like spicule placed vertically in the abaxial side of the calyx, reaching nearly from the base to
the summit, but ordinarily not projecting beyond the margin, and attaining a length of 5 mm.
There are also eight vertical spicules in the distal part of the calyx wall, whose points form a
conspicuous crown, as in C. pancispinosa. Aside from these there are very few if any spicules
in the calyx walls. Spicules appear to be wanting both in the tentacles and the general ccenen-
chyma of the stem, which is quite thick and fleshy.

Spicules. I find but the one kind, the slender, needle-like form described above as
occurring in the calyx walls. Their surface is covered with regular, but rather sparsely disposed,
minute, thorny points.

C o 1 o r. The colony, when the ccenenchyma and the calyces have not been stripped
from the stem, is a rather bright reddish brown. The axis is pure white, except at the nodes,
which are dark brown.

This fine species differs from C. paucispinosa, its nearest ally, in length of calcareous
internodes, size and disposition of polyps, and in the spiculation, being without spicules in the
tentacles and ccenenchyma. It differs from C. nuda Wright and Studer in size of spicules, and
in having no tentacular spicules, as well as in size of internodes.

4. Ceratoisis sp.}

Stat. 122. i°s8'.5 N., i25°o'.5 E. Between Menado and Biaru Island. 1264 — 1 165 m. Stony bottom.

A fragment of denuded axis from Station 122 differs from all the other species in the
collection in the length of the single calcareous internode which is 9.9 cm. long and has a
diameter of 2.5 mm. The surface is regularly but not deeply furrowed or fluted longitudinally.
The horny node is 23 mm. long.

The axis approaches the characters of Ceratoisis grandis Nutting from Hawaiian waters \
which has internodes up to 14 cm. in length. The writer, hovvever, does not feel justified in
identifying species on the characters of the axis alone.

Pioceedings of the U.S. National Museum, Vol. XXXIV, p. 570, 1908.

1 1

Acanella Gray (emended by Verrill).

Gray. Catalogue Lithophytes in British Museum, 1870, p. 16.
. Verrill. Bulletin Museum of Comparative / Vol. XI. X i, 1 83, p. 13.

rnella Studer. Versuch eines Systemes der Alcyonaria, 1887, p. 44.
: Wright .md Studer. Challenger Reports, the Alcyonaria, [889, p.
N ttin Hawaiian Alcyonaria, 1908, p. 572.

\'i Kiui.i 's definition of the genus is as follows:

oral either simple or variously branched. Axis with long calcareous joints and ver)
■ horny ones. The branches, where thej exist, arise from the horny joints, either singly,
or two or more together, often forming a whorl. Ccenenchyma very thin, containing, more or
abundantly, elongated fusiform spicula, usually of large size. Calicles large, elongated,
composed of large fusiform spicula, often obliquely arranged; the margin is armed by eight long,
spine-like, projecting acute spicula. Tentacles stilïened by abundant spicula. Base. in most cases.
divided into large, flat, palmate lobes, which descend into the mud and serve as supporting
roots or anchors".

Studer (1887 gives a condensed definition, retaining the essential points as given
by \'i rkii.i .

Wrighi and - iSSui retain the definition of Verrill, somewhat condensed, with

additional point that the basal internodes are much shorter than the distal. For the purposes
of this work the folio wing definition is offered for the genus Acanella:

ratoisidina ; simple or branched, with branches arising from the horny nodes, often in
whorls. Calyces prominent, with a crown of marginal points. Tentacles with minute spicules.
Ccenenchyma thin, with fusiform s])icules. All spicules have thorny points, but are without
true verruci

The type species of this genus is Acanella arbuscula (Johnston). (Jther known species
are Acanella eburnea (Pourtalès), ./. chiliensis Thomson and Henderson, A. gregorii Gray,
./. normani Verrill, A. rigida Wright and Studer, A. robusta Thomson and Henderson, A.
simplex Verrill, A. spiculosa Verrill and the additional species about to be described.

1. Acanella siboga new species. (Plate III, figs. 2, 2a ; Plate V, \\g. 4).

Stat. 85. o°36'.5S., ii9°2o'.5K. 724 meters. Fine grey mud.

Stat. 170. 3°37-7S., 1 3 1 ° 26 .4 E. 924 meters. Fine grey mud.

Stat. 178. 2°40' S., I2S°37'.5 E. 835 meters. Blue mud.

Stat. 211. 5 40'. 3 S., I20°45 S '-• > '5S meters. Coarse grey mud.

it. 241. 4°24'.3S., i29°49'.3K. 1570 meters. Dark sand with smal! stones.

Type specimen fragmentary, 7.3 cm. long. the proximal part missing. The largest fragment

consisl of a central straight shaft from which spring four pairs or opposite branches. In two

■ re is a third branch origin betwecn the bases of the opposite pairs, showing a tendency

formation of verticels so common in this genus, the verticels being 1.4 cm. apart

springing from the horny internodes, which are so narrow that they constitute mere bands.

15

The branchlets are curved, each consisting of a single calcareous internode varying from 1.3
to 1.8 cm. in length. The calyces are arranged in loose irregular spirals, the distance between
their bases being usually from 2 to 4 mm. They are more closely approximated on the distal
than on the proximal portions of the branchlets.

The individual calyces are columnar in some cases and obconical in others. A typical
calyx is 4 mm. in height, with an average diameter of 1.6 mm., the body being somewhat
expanded below. Another is much constricted below, and is 5. mm. in height and 1.7 mm. in
diameter at the middle. The columnar form, however, is by far the more common. The calyces
project at right angles from the branch, but bend somewhat upward, or distally. Their walls
are filled with curved spindles arranged horizontally in the basal parts and obliquely in the
distal parts of the walls, those on the abaxial side being larger than those on the adaxial side
of the polyp, and extend from the abaxial mid-line upward and obliquely around the calyx
walls, somewhat resembling a reversed chevron. The adaxial side is filled with smaller spicules
disposed horizontally, in the main.

There is usually a crown of eight well-marked points around the margin, each point
consisting of the distal end of a single spicule. The tentacles bear numerous stout, bar-like
forms, without any very definite arrangement.

Spicules. These sometimes attain a length of nearly 3 mm., are much more uniform
in size than in the other species in the collection, and are much more regularly placed, when
in situ, except in case of the tentacular spicules.

Color. The colony, in alcohol, is ivory white, with light, almost white, polyps.

A direct comparison of the Siboga material of this species with a portion of the Challenger
type of A. rigida, used by Dr. Versluys in his studies, shows that while the two agree well
in form of calyces and maximum size of spicules, they differ in comparative uniformity in size
of spicules in the calyx walls. The walls of A. rigida contain a few comparatively large spicules
on the abaxial side, interspersed with others much smaller. In A. sièoga' the abaxial wall is
filled with a compact series of more slender spindles of comparatively uniform size, without a
noticeable admixture of lame and small. A. sióo^a' differs from A. uonuajii in the robustness
of the calyces and spicules, and from A. arbusculd in the same points as from A. normani.
Indeed, these two latter may be identical.

The present species differs from the next (A. weöeri) in having much stouter calyces,
which are directed outward, and by its marginal crown of points.

2. Acanclla weberi new species. (Plate III, figs. 1, ia; Plate V, fig. 6).

Stat. 74. 50 3 .5 S., iiq°o'E. 450 meters. Globigerina ooze.

Colony arborescent, 18.5 cm. in height. Root consisting of three (originally four) calcareous
cylindrical projections pointing downward and outward, all incomplete. Main stem 2.2 cm. long,
breaking up into a whorl of branches at its clistal end, there being 5 branches in the whorl, with

i6

slender one in the centre. These branches send of) one or two pairs of usually opposite
the first pair being from 8 to 10 mm. from the bases, the second pair being g to
mm. above the first. Above i1k-m- pairs an occasional lateral branchlet is produced, especially
toward the distal ends <>f the branches. Some of the branchlets, however, are simple throughout
is much as 12 cm. 1 h< ■ branches arise from horny nodes. The calcareous inter-
var) in length from the second, which is 3 mm. long, to a length of 14 mm. on the
terminal branchlets. Hu- horny nodes vary from the basal one of 2 mm. t<> about .2 mm. on
the terminal tw

The diameter of the main stem near the base is 2.5 mm., decreasing to a thread-like
a\is on distal branchlets. The calyces tend to a biserial arrangement on the branches, but are
much more thickly emplanted on distal parts. On the tip of one branch they are thickly
emplanted over the surface of an oval object which is probably a parasitic barnacle. The
branches are erect, forming a symmetrical and graceful colony.

The individual calyces are club-shaped, and inclined toward the distal end of the colony,
sometimes with the adaxial wall contiguous with the branch throughout.

Their adaxial side measures about 2 mm. in length, and their abaxial about 3 mm.
Diameter at margin 1.1 mm., at base about .8 mm. The calyx walls are filled with large and
small spindles, many of them spirally arranged and more or less bent or wavy. Some of them
attain a length of 2.1 mm., or even 3 mm., extending the whole length of the calyx from
base to summit. These larger spicules are usually placed on the abaxial wall of the calyx, and
sometimes they occur in two series forming a sort of rude inverted chevron on the abaxial wall.
There are a few similar but smaller spindles arranged vertically on the adaxial side. YVhile the
points of the spindles often extend bevond the margin, they do not form a regular series of
eight marginal points such as is found in many other Isidee.

The tentacles are armed with numcrous bar-like spicules irregularly placed, but most
often transversely disposed.

The coenenchyma is thin, and contains a few of the large spindles longitudinally disposed,
and more numerous small, bar-like forms.

Spicules. These have already been described. Their maximum length, 3 mm., agrees
with Verrill's description of A. normani ', but the manner of branching seems quite distinct.
The surfaces of the spicules are covered with fine conical points, evenly distributed.

Color. The colony is white, in alcohol, with the polyps a very light golden brown.
The horny nodes of the axis are dark golden brown.

This species is doubtless nearest A. normani Verrill; but a direct comparison of the

Siboga material with a specimen identified by Verrill as A. normani shows that A. weberi

differs from A. normani in the shape of the calyces, which are much longer and more slender

in A. normani. and in the spicules, which are much more slender and form a regular crown

toints in A. normani.

Museum of Comparative Zoology, XI. N" i, p. 17.

»7

3. Acanella sp.?

Stat. 45. 7°24'S., ii8°i5'.2E. 794 meters. Fine grey mud.

The specimen consists of a fragment comprising three calcareous internodes joined at
their bottom to a horny internode which supports the three. The longest of these internodes is
1.8 cm. long, and the others are nearly as long. Diameter 1.2 mm. The surface is longitudinally
grooved or fluted.

This specimen may possibly be Acanella chilcnsis 1 which has the branches arranged in
irreerular whorls of two or three.

Mopseinae. (See definition on page 4).
Mopsea Lamouroux.

Mopsea Lamouroux. Histoire des Polypiers coralligènes flexibles, 18 16, p. 465.

Mopsea (in part) Ehrenberg. Corallenthiere des Rothen Meeres, 1834, p. 131.

Mopsea Gray. Proceedings Zoological Society of London, 1857, p. 283.

Mopsea Milne Edwards et Haime. Histoire naturelle des Coralliaires, Vol. I, 1857, p. 197.

Mopsea (in part) Dana. Synopsis of the Report on Zoophytes, Wilkes Expedition, 1859, p. 144.

Mopsea Studer. Monatsbericht der Königl. Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Berlin, 1878^.665.

Mopsea Studer. Versuch eines Systemes der Alcyonaria, 1887, p. 46.

Mopsea Wright and Studer. Challenger Reports, the Alcyonaria, 1889, pp. XLV, 40.

The original definition tbr this genus (Lamouroux 18 16) is as follows:

"Polypier dendroide a rameaux pinnés: écorce mince, adhérente, couverte de mamelons
tres petits, elongés, recourbés du cóté de la tige, épars ou subverticellés".

Subsequent writers modified this definition so as to admit certain species of Melithceida \
until Studer (1887) defined it as follows:

"Colonie in einer Ebene verzweigt, Polypen klein, keulenförmig, in dichten Spiralen
ringsum den Stamm angeordnet. Kelchschuppen klein, niedrig und stachlig".

Wright and Studer (1889) expanded this definition to considerable length on page 40,
but give a much shorter definition on page xlv which is practically the same as the one by
Studer, quoted above.

"The colony is branched and expanded fan-like in one plane. The polyps are small,
club-like in form, and arranged in dense spirals around the stem. The calyx scales are small,
short and spin}*".

The above definition is the one adopted in this work.

The type species of this genus is Mopsea encrinula (Lamarck). Other known species
are M. dichotoma (Linn.), and the two new species about to be described.

1. Mopsea fiava new species. (Plate IV, figs. 1, \a\ Plate V, fig. 5).

Staf. 117. i°o'.5 N., 1220 56' E. 80 meters. Sand and coral.
Colony strictly flabellate in form, 26 cm. in height, and 17 cm. broad. 3.6 cm. above

1 Challenger Report, the Alcyonaria, 1889, p. 31.

SIBOGA-EXPED1TIE XllI^2.

[8

e the main stem sends off two opposite branches --ach bearing branchlets which themselvi

larly spaced. Branches of the .|"' order are sometimes produced. The

main stem, after giving off these branches, continues upward in a wavy course giving ofl .1 few

lateral branches and ui ti mate twigs to its distal end. These laterals are very unevenly spaced,

but a\ I 5 mm. apart. Diameter <>f main stem 5.5 mm., of the lateral twigs 2 mm.

The stem and main branches have even surfaces, there being no swellings nor constrictions al

ti„ Proximally the horny nodes are longer than the calcareous internodes, the former

ng 2.7 mm. long, and the latter 2 mm. Above the origins of the branches, however, the

int( , the longer, being 5.5 mm. long, while the nodes are bul 2.2 mm. long. Both

and internodes are rather deeply grooved in the main stem. the grooves being numerous

and parallel. The branches spring from the calcareous internodes. The polyps are small, and

emplanted on all sides of the larger branches, but tend to be lateral on the smaller twigs.

letimes, however, they are on all sides, even to the tips of the ultimate branchlets.

The specimen is so completelj rovered with a parasitic sponge with small needle-like
spicules that the details of the individual calyces are hard to ascertain. The calyces are small,
and shaped like a truncated cone; or else are dome-shaped verrucae. A typical one measures
1 ; mm. in heiodit and 1.1 mm. in diameter. The calyx walls are covered with a mosaic of
ile-like spicules with ctenate edges nicely fitted together and without regular arrangement in
either vertical or transverse rows. The polyp is completely retractile. There are a few very
small scales or calcareous granules on the dorsal surface of the tentacles.

Spicules. These are all small, oval or irregular scales, which are densely covered with
relatively large tubercles. üccasionally they are somewhat branched, luit not extensively so, and
the branches are short. Occasionall v, also, doublé heads are seen, and very rarely collar-button
forms such as are found in the muriceid genus Beèryce. Ccenencln ma covered with similar scales.

Color. The entire colony is a light straw yellow in color, probably brighter yellow in life.

2. Mopsea alba new species. (Plate IV, figs. 2, ia\ Plate VI, lig. 4).

Stat. [56. o :<i.:S„ 150 5 .3 I-I. 469 meters. Coarse sand and brokcn shells.

Colony tlabellate in form, attaining a height of 15 mm., and a spread of 20 mm. The
main stem arises from a disk-like base and contains one short, unbranched internode 1.2 mm.
in length. The other internodes bear branches, except the distal one which is very slender and
short. These internodes are 3.5 mm., S mm., and 2.0 mm. long, going from the 2nd to the
4th and last. The second internode bears two side branches and tin- third three. These main
branches are rudely alternate and curved upward like candalabra. The lower one bears three
curved branchlets, and the third. one. All of the branches arise from calcareous internodes.

The axis is rather faintly grooved, and seems to be hollow; but the specimen was too
small to justify dissection to ascertain this point. 1 In polyps are biserial, alternate, and rather
distant, being almost 2 mm. apart.

The individual calyces are club-shaped, directed ontward basally, and curving upward, or
.vanls the branch tcrmination, distally. A typical one measures 1.6 mm. in height and 1 mm.

19

across the margin. The calyx walls are covered witli numerous small scales transversely disposed,
but in numerous rows both vertical and transverse. These scales are very short and broad with
their upper exposed edges finely ctenate and apparently overlapping the base of the next scale
above. The number of scales in a horizontal row is hard to determine owing to their small
size, but there seems to be as many as 20 or more in each row. The tentacles are covered
with similar rows of narrow scales fitting the dorsal surface and looking like continuations of
the rows on the calyx walls.

S p i c u 1 e s. These are narrow scales with curved and ctenate borders. On the basal
parts of the calyces and in the ccenenchyma of the stem and branches they become so narrow
as to assume the form of spindless with tuberculate or echinulate surfaces.

Co lor. The color is almost pure white, in alcohol.

Peltastisis new genus.

(TsXTCTf/i; and wit).

Colony unbranched-, polyps uniserial and provided with true opercula consisting of eight
parts or flaps, each part consisting of a single triangular scale; calyces with spicules of the
primnoid type, being flattened scales with irregular branched or ctenate edges and with thorny
points on the surface.

The type of this genus is Peltastisis tiniserialis Nutting. The only other known species,
also found in the Siboga collection, is described beyond.

These two species undoubtedly belong to the family Isidce, and can, without violence, be
admitted into the subfamily Mopseincc. They are so different, however, from any previously known
members of this group that it becomes necessary to construct a new genus for their reception.

The genus Peltastisis bridges the narrow gulf between the Isidce and Primnoidce in one
important particular in that it combines the jointed axis of the former and the characteristic
operculum of the latter, which it also resembles closely in its spiculation. Indeed, it is so
directly intermediate between the two families that it can only arbitrarily be placed in either.
The character of the axis is, however, of sufficiënt importance in the opinion of the writer to
determine the position of Peltastisis as a member of the family Isidce.

1. Peltastisis nniserialis new species. (Plate IV, figs. 3, 3^7; Plate VI, fig. 3).

Stat. 145. o°54' S., i28°39'.9E. 827 meters. Hard. Pumice stone.
Stat. 159. o°59-.iS., I29°48'.8E. 411 meters. Coarse sand.

Colony consisting of a very delicate unbranched stem growing from a calcareous, lobulated
flattened base and attaining a length of 6.2 cm. The basal 1.1 cm. of the stem is devoid of
polyps. The basal internode measures 2 mm., the second 2.9 mm., the third and succeeding
ones about 3 mm. The horny nodes are very short, about .5 mm., and much narrower than the
calcareous ones. The polyps are uniserial and about 1.7 mm. apart, from summit to summit.

The individual calyces are club-shaped or conical, 1 mm. in height on their abaxial side,
inclined toward the branch so that the adaxial side is almost contiguous with it. The margin

is even, without evident crown <>i" thorns or other conspicuous ornamentation. rhe calyx walk
are armed w ith regular imbricating series ofoval scale-like plates with ctenaft and surfaces

thicldy emplanted with rounded points. There are about seven of these plates on each abaxial
r->u. and two or three on the adaxial rows. rowards the base of the calyx these plates are
narrowed and resemble transversely placed spindles. There is a strong operculum of the primnoid
type, composed >■!' eight flaps, each flap consisting of a single scale-like spicule. These opercular
overed with closely emplanted rounded points, and the entire operculum completely

:rs the infolded tentacles, there being nu spaces between the individual segment or flaps.
Between each pair of adjacent polyps there is a swelling of the crenemhyma of the
branch or stem, the swellings alternating regularly with the polyps and containing ova. The

enchyma also contains a layer of rather heavy tuberculate spindles, arranged longitudinally.

Spicules. rhese are mainly of two types, i '. the regular spicules of the ccenenchyma.
These are spindles the surfaces of which are covered with rather sharp rounded point. 2,ul. the

scale-like spicules of the calyx walls, which are covered with similar points which, on the edges,
give the appearance of a ctenate border. These two types of spicules intergrade on the basal
parts ni the calyces. The triangular scales forming the opercular segments constitute another,
luit much more infrequent type.

Color. The colony is almost white, in alcohol, the axis being pure white, and the
calyces light brown.

While but a fragment of this very curious form was secured at Station 145, a number
of specimens, apparently complete, were dredged from Station 159. The largest specimen was
8.5 cm. long. All are unbranched.

2. Peltastisis cornuta new species. (Plate IV, figs. 4, 4^; Plate VI, figs. i, 2. 5).
Stat. 300. io°48.6S., i23°23'.i E. yiS meters. Fine grey mud.

The type consists of a small fragment, unbranched, 2.9 cm. long. The calcareous inter-
nodes vary from the proximal one which is 6.5 mm. long to the distal one which is 5.5 mm.
long, decreasing regularly from proximal to distal ends of the specimen. The horny nodes are
very short, less than .5 mm. They are more slender than the calcareous internodes, being
about .5 mm. in diameter, while the latter are about .7 mm. The calyces are uniserial, quite
regularly spaced, being about 2.5 mm. apart and three to each calcareous internode.

The individual calyces are short and thick, shaped like a short, curved club or horn,
the distal end being inclined towards the stem or branch, as is characteristic of many of this
family and of the Primnoida. The calyx is about 1 mm. in height uneasured directly with
dividers), and a little over 1. mm. in diameter across the margin.

The abaxial side of the calyx wall is supported by a most remarkable stay or brace

consisting of a comparatively enormous spicule that is bent into a bow-shape so that its distal

part is applied longitudinally to the curved abaxial contour of the calyx and its proximal portion

pplied to the calcareous internode of the branch in such a manner as to curve downward

and partly around it. This stay is therefore unsymmetrically placed as regards the branch, its

2 I

proximal part passing around to the right of the midline of the polypiferous surface of the
branch. The stay has a smooth surface except at the ends, where it bears numerous nödules,
resembling that of the calcareous internodes, and showing ivory white against the darker color
of the polyp. It gradually narrows to a point at the proximal end, but is broadened into a
shape resembling a shoe-horn at the distal end, the concavity of the "shoe-horn" fitting the
curve of the calyx margin to which it is applied. The stay is applied to the entire anterior face
of the calyx, ending flush with the margin, and when it is removed it leaves a bare, impressed,
band-like space on the abaxial wall, reaching from the base of the calyx to the marginal row
of scales which, however, it does not invade. The stay is 1.5 mm. in length, measured with
dividers, but would be much longer if measured around the curves.

The calyx vvalls are covered with minutely ctenate scales greatly resembling those found
in several genera of Primnoidcc, e. g. Plumarclla or Caligorgia. These scales are arranged in
seven or eight vertical rows, except that there is but one scale (the marginal) to each of the
adxaxial rows, and there are about eight scales to each abaxial row. The margin is even,
without evident lobes, teeth or spines.

The operculum consists of eight segments, each segment consisting of a triangular scale-like
spicule neatly fitted to the dorsal surface of a tentacle and with its surface covered with fine
rounded nodules. At first view it looks as if each flap is made up of a fine mosaic of many
minute plates; but, when separated from the tentacle, it is seen to be a single large thin plate or
scale. The coenenchyma of the branch is thin and contains a layer of longitudinally placed, thin,
scale-like spicules which are spindle-shaped in profile, but much flattened. They are ornamented
with small, very definite, rounded knobs or points thickly and rather evenly emplanted over the
surface. Intermingled with these are clear bar-like and needle-like forms.

About midway between adjacent polyps and on the polypiferous face of the stem or
branch are low rounded swellings which contain ova, as in the last species. This is a very
exceptional arrangement among the Gorgonacea.

The axis is quite smooth, hard and white. The specimen was so small that it seemed
inadvisable to dissect it to determine whether it is hollow or not. A small fragment of a twig
termination shows that the axis does not extend to the end of the branch or stem, although
this terminal part bears polyps and the strange bracket-like supports for the calyces apparently
as well developed as on the proximal parts.

Spicules. These have been already described, and are of several kinds. ist. The small
ctenate scales of the calyx walls. 2nd. The flattened, scale-like spindles of the coenenchyma.
3rd. The large, thin, triangular plates of the operculum. 4th. The occasional bar-like or rod-like
forms in the coenenchyma, and 5th. The remarkable curved stays or supports on the abaxial
faces of the calyces.

Color. The fragment is almost white, with the calyces and ovigerous swellings a
medium brown.

DISTRIBUTION OF 1111'. 1 s 1 1 » 1 • COLLECTED BY THE SIBOGA EXPED1TION.

List of Stations

ai which Isidae were collected by the Siboga Expedition, and a
List of Species collected ai each Station.

riOH 4;. 7 -4 S., Il8 [5.2 E. 794 nieters. Fine grey mud, with some radiolaria: and diatomes.
Acanella sp.?

■■. : i ■ '\ ;j. 9°3'.4S., 1 190 56.7 E. 595 meters. Globigcrina ooze. Ceratoisis philippinensis, Ceratoisis

[ION 71. Makassar and surroundings. Up to 32 meters. Mud, sand with mud, coral. Isis hippuris.

rii'N 74. 5 3 .5 S., ii9°o'E. 450 meters (chart). Globigerina ooze. Acanella weberi.

lTION 85. O0 36.5 S., 1 190 29 .5 1*1. 724 meters. Fine grey mud. Acanella siboga;.

Station 87. o°32'S., H9°39'.8E. 655 meters. Fine, grey mud. Ceratoisis wrighti.

[ON 117. 1 o.;X., 1 22° 56' S. 80 meters (chart). Sand and coral. Mopsea /lava.

Station 122. 1 58.5N., i25°o'.5 E. Near Menado, Celebes. 1264 — 1 165 meters (chart). Stone. Cera-
philippinensis, Ceratoisis spec.

STATION 133. Anchorage olï Lirung, Salibabu Island. Up to 36 meters. Mud and hard sand. Isis
hippuris.

STATION 142. Anchorage off Laiwui, coast of Obi Major. 23 meters. Mud. Isis hippuris.

["ION 144. Anchorage North of Salomakië (Damar) Island. 45 meters. Coral bottom and Litho-
t ham n ion. Isis hippuris.

STATION 145. 0° 54 'S., 1 2S0 39 .9 ]•".. S27 meters. Hard. Pumice stone. Peltastisis uniserialis.

STATION 149. Fau anchorage and lagune. West coast of Gebé Island. 31 meters. Coral. Isis hippuris.

Si ai [i in 156. o°29
Si ati' in 159. o°59
Station 170. 30 37

'N i/3- f2l

. 1 [ON 17S. 2° 40

•11. 5°40

.2 S., 1 31 >' 5 .3 E. 400, meters. Coarse sand and broken shells. Mopsea alba.
. 1 S., 1 .' 9 . E. 411 meters. Coarse sand. Peltastisis uniserialis.
.7 S., \$\°2(>.\ I . ; meters. Fine grey mud. Acanella siboga.

S., 13 ['o'. 5 E. 507 meters. Fine yellow grey mud. Ceratoisis plulippensis.

S., I28°37'.5 E. 835 meters. Blue mud. Acanella stlwgic, ? Ceratoisis philippinensis.

- S.. 120 \- r- E. 1158 meters. Coarse grey mud. Acanella siboga.

ion 241. 4' 24.3 S.. [29 49'.3 E. 1570 meters. Dark sand. with smal! stones. Acanella siboga.

STATION 258. Tual anchorage, Kei Islands. 22 meters. Lithothamnion, sand and coral. Isis hippuris.

STATION 273. Anchorage off Pulu Jedan, East coast of Aru Islands. 13 meters. Sand and shells.
Isis reticulata.

STATION 279. Ruma-Kuda Bay, Roma Island. 36 meters. Mud and sand. Isis hippuris.

Station 300. io°48'.6S., I23°23'.iE. 918 meters. Fine grey mud. Peltastisis cornuta.

STATION 301. io°38'S., I23°25'.2E. 22 meters. Mud, coral and Lithothamnion. Isis hippuris.

Station 303. Haingsisi, Samau Islands. Up to 36 meters. Lithothamnion. Isis hippuris.

It appears from the above list that Isidce were collected at 26 stations during the
Siboga Expedition. By far the most widely spread of the species collected, so far as the territory
covered by the Siboga is concerned, is Isis hippuris, which was secured from 9 stations, over
one third of the total number. It is a somewhat remarkable fact that in only two cases (one of
which is uncertain) were more than a single species taken from one station-, while 110 station
yielded more than two species of Isidcr. Contrasted with the 1 7 species of Muriceidee from
Station 310, this seems a decidedly pour showing.

The genus Isis is the only one that can be regarded as comprising distinctly shallow
water forms, its range being from 22 to 45 meters. All of the other genera are truly inhabitants
of the deep water, the bathymetric distribution of the Siboga material being as follows :

Ceratoisis, 595 to 1264 meters; Acanella, 450 to 1570 meters; Alopsca, 80 to 469 meters;
Peltastisis, 827 to 918 meters.

Literature cited
in the Report on the Isidae of the Siboga collection.

, G. C. \ rreatise of Zoology, edited by E. R.w Lankester; Part II, The Anthozoa, Chapter VI,
The Anthozoa, London, 1900.
Dana, 1. 1 '. Synopsis of the Report on Zoophytes of the U.S. Exploring Expedition around the world,
Undei C. Wilkes, U.S. X. Commander, in the years [838 — 1842, New Haven, 1859.
I | ( . Die Pflanzenthiere in Abbildungen nach der Natur, nut Farben erleuchtet nebst Beschrei-
bungen, Nürnberg, 1791.
ELLIS, |. and SOLANDER, 1). The Natural History of many curious and uncommon Zoophytes, London, 1786.
G \>. I. E. Synopsis of the Families and tienera of the Axiferous Zoophytes or Barked Corals. Pro-
ceedings of the Zoological Society of London, Part 25, London, 1857.

Catalogue <>f Lithophytes or Stony Corals in the collections of the British .Museum, London, 1S70.

HlCKSON, S. I. National Antarctic Expedition. Natural History, Vol. III, Coelentera Alcyonaria, 1907.
Ki iLLlKER, A. Icones Histiologicx, oder Atlas der vergleichenden Gewebelehr, 2. Abth., 1. Hf., Leipzig, 1865.
LAMARCK, J. B. 1'. A. DE. Histoire naturelle des Animaux sans vertèbres, Vol. II, Paris, 1836.
Lam ■.. 1. F. V. Histoire des Polypiers coralligènes flexibles, vulgairement nommés Zoophytes, Caen, 1816.

LlNNÉ, C. Hortus Cliffortianus, 1737.

Systema Naturae, lotli Edition, 175S.

Systema Naturae, i2th Edition, Tomé 1. Part 2, Holmae, 1767.

MlLNE EDWARDS, H. et llAIMK, J. Histoire naturelle des Coralliaires OU Polypes proprement dits, Tomé
premier. Paris, 1857.

I . Descriptions of the Alcyonaria collected by the U.S. Bureau of Fisheries Steamer Albatross
in the vicinity of the Hawaiian [slands in 1902. Proceedings of the U. S. National Museum.
Vol. XXXIV. Washington. 1908.
Pallas, 1'. S. Elenchus Zoophytorum, Hague, 1766.

STUDER, Tii. Übersicht der Anthozoa Alcyonaria, welche wahrend der Reise S. M. S. Gazelle urn die Erde
gesammelt wurden. Monatsbericht der Königlich Preussischen Akademie der Wissenschaften zu
Berlin, September und October [878, Berlin, 1878.
Versuch eines Systemes der Alcyonaria. Archiv fur Naturgeschichte, 5 3ster Jahrgang, Bd. 1, Heft I, 1887.
Alcyonaires provenant des Campagnes de l'Hirondellc(i886 — 1888). Résultats des Campagnes scientifiques
accomplies sur son vacht par Albert ler, 1'rince Souverain de Monaco, Fascicule XX, Monaco, 1901.
THOMSON, \. A. and HENDERSON, W. D. An account of the Alcyonarians collected by the Royal Indian
Marine Survey Ship Investigator in the Indian ( )ccan. Vol. I, The Alcyonarians of the Deep Sea,
( alcutta, 1906.
- and SlMPSON, J. J. An account of the Alcyonarians collected by the Royal Indian Marine Survey
Ship Investigator in the Indian Ocean. Vol. II, The Alcyonaria of the Littoral Area, Calcutta, 1909.
\'i rrii 1 , A. E. Report on the Anthozoa, and on some additional Species dredged by the Blake in 1877 — 1879,
and by the l*. S. Fish Commission Steamer Fish Hawk in 1880. Bulletin Museum Comparative
Zoology at Harvard College, Vol. XI. X' 1. Cambridge, 1883.
\\', | , l'. Notes on Heep Sea Dredging, Annals and Mag. of Nat. Hist., 4th Ser., Vol. 2, p. 423, 1868.

( >n a New Genus of Gorgonidae from Portugal. Ann. and Mag. of Nat. Hist., 4U1 Ser., Vol. 3, p. 23, 1
and . Th. Report on the Alcyonaria. Report on the Scientific Results of the Voyage of

H.M.S. Challenger, etc. Zoology, Vol. XXXI, London, 1889.

EXPLANATION OF PLATES

The photographs were made from nature by the author.
The spicules were drawn under the camera lucida by Mr. Dayton Stoner.

PLATE I.

i. fsis hippuris Linnaeus. Xatural size. \a, part of branch 5. \b, cross section of axis 5.
Fig. 2. /sis reticulata Nutting. Xatural size. 2a, part of branch ■ 5.

SIBO0A-EXPEDIT1E XII1A" C. C. NUTTING ISIDAE.

PLATE II.

Fig. I. Ceratoisis wrighti Nutting. Xatural size. \a. part of stem 5.

S1BOGA-EXPEDITIE XUI*2- C. C. NUTT1NG, 1SIDAE.

PLATE III.

Fig. i. Acanella weberi Nutting. Xatural size. ia, part of branch ;.
\'\£. 2. Acanella siboga Nutting. Xatural size. 2a. part of branch ■ 5.

SIBOGA-EXPEDIT1F. Xllll>" C. C. NUTT1NO, IS1DAP.

iii

PLATE IV.

Fig. i. Mopsea flava Nutting. Natura! size.

j. Mopsea a/ba Nutting. Natura! size.

;. Peltastisis uniserialis Nutting. Natural size.

4. Peltastisis cornuta Nutting. Natural size.

\a, part of branch X 5.
2a, branch 5.

ia, part of stem • 5.

4a, part of stem 5.

SIBOGA-EXPED1T1F. XJI1*2- C. C. NUTT1NG, ISIDAE.

IV

PLATE V.

Group of six spicules, o, b, c, </, £-, ƒ, of /sis hippuris Linn. 120.

Group of five spicules, a, b, c, d, e of /sis reticulata Nutting 120.

Group of thrce spicules, a, b, c, of Ceratoisis wrighti Nutting 64. (Approximately one half of

each spicule is show n .

Group of three spicules, a, b, c, of Acanella siboga Nutting 120.

Group of four spicules, a, b, c, J, of Mopsea flava Nutting 120.

Group of three spicules, a, b, c, of Acanella weberi Nutting 120.

1.

2,

1 ig-

3'

4

Fig.

5'

Siboga-Expeditie XIII1'2 C. C. Nutting, Isidae.

) ;-'

*>£.

X61

^uw^ovs^vav 4*X

PLATE VI.

1 i. Group o( eight spicules of Peltastisis cornuta Nutting. a, one of the opercular spicules; b, one of
the spindles of the ccenenchyma; j,r, a spicule intermediate betweer) the calyx scales and the
spindles of the ccenenchyma; c, tl, c, f, i, scales from the calyx walls. All 120.

i I »nc of the "bony stays" consisting of a single peculiar spicule of Peltastisis cornuta Nutting ■ 64.

i Group of five spicules from Peltastisis uniserialis Nutting 120. e, one of the characteristic trian-

gular spicules of the operculum; a, b, c, spindles from the ccenenchyma; d, calyx scale.

i 4. Group of -ix spicules, <>. b, <'. </. <-. /, from Mopsea al/m Nutting X 120.

:. t'.ilyx of Peltastisis cornuta Nutting 64. op., opercular scale; .>'. curious "bony stay" which is
formed of a single very large spicule and supports the calyx in front.

Siboga-Expeditie Xlllb 2. C. C. Nutting, Isidae

VI.

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muniiuiiiiiitttmmuniiiii

RESULTATS DES EXPLORATIONS
ZOOLOGIQUES, BOTANIQUES, OCÉANOGRAPHIQIJES ET GÉOLOGIQUES

ENTUEPRISKS AUX
INI11.3 NÉEHLANDAI3E3 OKIENTALE3 en 1899 — 1900,

a bord du 8IBOGA

SOUS I.E COMMANDEMENT DE

G. F. TYDEMAN

PUBLIÉS PAR
MAX W E B E lï,

Chef Je 1'expédition.

*I. Introduction et description de Pexpédition, Mal Wcber.
*II. Le batcau et suu équipement scientifique, G. F. Tyde mt a.

*UI. Resul tats hydrograpbiques, G. F. 1'jdciiun.
IV. Foraminifcra, F. W. Winter.
•IVM*. Xeuophyophora, F. E. Sc huize.
V. Radiolaria, M. Hartman n.
*VI. Porifera, G. C. J. Vosmaer et I. Ijima ').
VII. Ilvdiupolypi, A. Billard.
*VII1. Stylasteriim, S. .1. Hickson cl. MH« II. M. England.
*1X. Siphonophora, JIHes Lens et van Riemsdijk.
*X. Ilydromedusae, O. Maas.
*XI. Scyphomedusae, O. Maas.
*XII. Ctenophora, M"e F. Moser.
*XIII. Sorgonidae, Alcyonidae, J. Versluvs, S. J. Iliekson et
XIV. Pennatulidae, S.' J. Hickson. [O. C. Nutting '

XV. Actiniaria, 1'. .Mc -Murrich.
*XVI. Madreporaria, A. Alcock et L. Pö derlei n ').
XVII. Anlipatharia, A. J. van Pesch.

XVIII. Turbellaria, L. von Grafl' et lï. li. run Stnmiiier.
XIX. ('cstodcs, J. W. Speugel.
*XX. Nematomorpba, H. F. Nierst rasz.
*X.\I. Chaetognatha, G. H. Fowler.
XXII. Nemertini, A. A. W. Ilubrecht.
XXIII. Myzostomidae, R. B. von St umin er.
XXIV'i. Polychaeta errautia, R. Horst.

XXIV2. Polychaeta sedentaria, M. Caullerv et F. Mesuil.
*XXV. Gcphyrea, O. Ph. Sluiter.
.VI. Euteropueusta, J. W. Spengel.
*XXVIv/j. Picrohranchia, S. F. Harmer.

XXVII. Brachiopoda, J. F. van Beminden.
XXVIII. Polvzoa, S. F. Harmer.
*XXIX Copepoda, A. Scott1).
*X\X. Ostracoda, G. W. Muller.
*XXXI. Cinhipedia, P. P. C. Hoek ').
XXXII. Isnpnda, II. J. Hanseu.
XXX 111. Amphipoda, Ch. Pérez.
•XXXIV. Caprellidae, P. May er.

XXXV. Stomatopoda, H. J. Hansen.
*XXXVI. Cuiiiaeca, W. T. Calman.
XXXVII. Scbizopoda, H. J. Hansen.
XXXVIII. Scrgestidae, H. .1. Hansen.
XXXIX. Decapoda", J. G. de Man.
*XL. Pantopoda, J. C. C. Loman.
XLI. Halobatidae, J. Th. Oude mans.
*XLII. Criuoidea, L. Düderlein et C. Vancy ').
*XI.HI. Echinoidea, J. C. II. de Meijere.
*XLIV. Holothurioidea, C. Ph. Sluiter.
*XLV. Ophiuroidea, R. Kohier.
XLVI. Asteroidea, L. Doder lcin.
*XI;VII. Solenogastres, H. F. Nicrstrasz.
*XLYIII. Chitonidae, H. F. Nierst rasz.
*XLIX!. Prosobrauchia, M. M. Schepman1).
*XL1X-. Prosobranchia parasitiea, II. F. Nierstrasz et M. M.
*L. Opisthobranchia, R. Bergh. [Schep m au

*LI. Heteropoda, J. J. Tesch.
*LII. Pteropoda, J.^J. Tesch.

LUI. Lamellibrauchiata. P. Pelseneer et Ph. Dautzenberg
*LIV. Scaphopoda, M"e M. Boissevain.

LV. Cephalopoda, L. Jou b in.
*LVI. Tunicata, C. Ph. Sluiter et J. E. W. Ihle.
LY1I. Pisces, Max Web er.
LVIII. Cetacea, Max Weber.
L1X. Liste des algues, Mme A. Weber.
*LX. Halimeda, MUe E. S. Barton. (Mme E. S. Gepp).
*LXI. Corallinaceae, Mme A. Weber et M. Foslie.
LXI1. Codiaceae, A. et Mme E. S. Gepp.
LXIII. Dinoflagellata. Coccosphaeridae, J. P. Lotsy.
LXIV. Diatomaceae, J. P. Lotsy.
LXV. Deposita marina, O. B. Böggild.
LXVI. Re'sultats géologiques, A. Wichmann.

Siboga-Expeditie

THE

OF THE 10KA EXPEDITION

V. THE ISID.E

BY

C. C. NUTTING

Professor of Zoology, State University of Iowa

With 6 plates

^CA(

S> V

os h* <.

o/y1

lu ' L i O R A r y ;
Monographie XIII^3 of:

UITKOMSTEN OP ZOOLOGISCH,
BOTANISCH, OGEANOGRAPHISGH EN GEOLOGISCH GEBIED

verzameld in Neder landsch Oost-Indië 1899 — 1900

aan boord H. M. S i b o g a onder commando van
Luitenant ter zee ie kl. G. F. TYDEMAN

UITGEGEVEN DOOR

Dr. MAX WEBER

Prof. in Amsterdam, Leider der Expeditie

rvo
'T'

'

....

(met medewerking van de Maatschappij ter bevordering van het Natuurkundig
Onderzoek der Nederlandsche Koloniën)

BOEKHANDEL EN DRUKKERIJ

«ooawuui

E. J. BRILL

LEIDEN

, . , - .. -. , .

Publié Juin 1910

* Les numéros avec un astérique ont déja paru; ceux marqués 1) seulement en partie

Voor de uitgave van de resultaten der Siboga-Expeditie hebben
bijdragen beschikbaar gesteld:

Maatschappij ter bevordering van het Natuurkundig Onderzoek der Nederlandsche

Koloniën.
1 let Ministerie van Koloniën.
Het Ministerie van Binnenlandsche Zaken.

liet Koninklijk Zoologisch Genootschap «Natura Artis Magistra" te Amsterdam.
De »Oostersche Handel en Reederij" te Amsterdam.

De Heer B. H de Waal Oud-Consul-Gencraal der Nederlanden te Kaapstad.
M. B. te Amsterdam.

CONDITIONS GÉNÉRALES DE VENTE.

i3. L'uuvrage du ,Siboga" se composera d'une série de monographies.

«es monographies paraitront au fur et a mesure qu'elles seront prêtes.

3'. Le prix de chaque monographie sera different, mais nous avons adopté comme base générale du prix de
veote: pour une feuille d'impression sans fig. flor. 0.15; pour une feuillc avec fig. flor. 0.20 a 0.25;
pour une planche noire flor. 0.25; pour une planche coloriée flor. 0.40; pour une photogravure flor. 0.60.

4°. 11 y aura deux modes de souscription :

a. La souscription a 1'ouvrage complet.

b. La souscription a des monographies sép.arées en nombrc restreint.

1 »ans cc dernier cas, le prix des monographies sera majoré de 25 °/u-

50. L'ouvrage sera rcuni en volumes avec titres et index. Les souscriptcurs a 1'ouvrage complet reecvront
ces titres et index, au fur et a mesure que chaque volume sera complet.

Déia paru: Pr!x:

,. *J r Souscription Monogra]

a 1'ouvrage complet sépaiées

ie Livr. (Monogr. XLIV) C. Ph. Sluiter. Die Holothurien der Siboga-Expedition. Mit 10 Tafeln. / 6.— / 7.50

2e Livr. (Monogr. LX) E. S. Barton. The genus Halimeda. With 4 plates „ 1.80 „ 2.40

3e Livr. (Monogr. I) Max Weber. Introduction et description de 1'expédition. Avec Liste des

Stations et 2 cartes „ 6.75 „ 9. —

4e Livr. (Monogr. II) G. F. Tydeman. Description of the ship and appliances used for scientific

exploration. With 3 plates and illustrations '....„ 2. — „ 2.50

5e Livr. (Monogr. XLVII) H. F. Nierstrasz. The Solenogastres of the Siboga-Exp. With óplates. „ 3-.90 „ 4.90

6e Livr. (Monogr. XIII) J. Versluys. Die Gorgonide,n der Siboga-Expedition.

I. Die Chrysogorgiidae. Mit 170 Figuren im Text „ 3. — „ 3.75

7e Livr. (Monogr. XVI a) A. Alcock. Report on the Deep-Sea Madreporaria of the Siboga-
Expedition. With 5 plates ( • „ 4.60 „ 5.75

8e Livr. (Monogr. XXV) C. Ph. Sluiter. Die Sipunculiden und Echiuriden der Siboga-Exp.

Mit 4 Tafeln und 3 Figuren im Text „ 3. — "n 3.75

9e Livr. (Monogr. Vla) G. C. J. Vosmaer and J. H. Vemhout. The Porifera of the Siboga-
Expedition. I. The genus Placospongia. With 5 plates „ 2.40 „ 3. —

10e Livr. (Monogr. XI) Otto Maas. Die Scyphbmedusen der Siboga-Expedition. Mit 12 Tafeln. „ 7.50 „ 9.50

ue Livr. (Monogr. XII) Fanny Moser. Die Ctenophoren der Siboga-Expedition. Mit 4 Tafeln. „ 2.80 „ 3.50

12e Livr. (Monogr. XXXIV) P. Mayer. Die Caprellidae der Siboga-Expedition. Mit 10 Tafeln. „ 7.80 „ 9.75

13e Livr. (Monogr. III) G. F. Tydeman. Hydrographic results of the Siboga-Expedition. With

24 charts and plans and 3 charts of depths „ 9. — , 11.25

14e Livr. (Monogr. XLIII) J. C. H. de Meijere. Die Echindidea der Siboga-Exp. Mit 23 Tafeln. n 15.— „ 18.75

15e Livr. (Monogr. XLVa) René Koehler. Ophiures de 1'Expédition du Siboga.

ie Partie. Ophiures de Mer profonde. Avec 36 Planches „ 16.50 „ 20.50

i6e Livr. (Monogr. Lil) J. J. Tesch. The Thecosomata and Gymnosomata of the Siboga-
Expedition. With 6 plates „ 3.75 v 4.70

17e Livr. (Monogr. LVIa) C. Ph. Sluiter. Die Tunicaten der Siboga-Expedition.

I. Abteilung. Die socialen und holosomen Ascidien. Mit 15 Tafeln „ 6.75 „ 9. —

i8e Livr. (Monogr. LXI) A. Weber— van Bosse and M. Foslie. The Corallinaceae of the Siboga-
Expedition. With 16 plates and 34 textfigures ■ „ 12.50 „ 15.50

19e Livr. (Monogr. VIII) Sydney J. Hickson and Helen M. England. The Stylasterina of

the Siboga Expedition. With 3 plates „ 1.50 „ 1.90

20e Livr. (Monogr. XLVIII) H. F. Nierstrasz. Die Chitonen der Siboga-Exp. Mit 8 Tafeln. , 5.— „ 6.25

2 ie Livr. (Monogr. XLV£) René Koehler. Ophiures de 1'Expédition du Siboga.

2e Partie. Ophiures littorales. Avec 18 Planches. „ 10.25 „ 12.75

22e Livr. (Monogr. XXVUts) Sidney F. Harmer. The Pterobranchia of the Siboga-Expedition,

with an account of other species. With 14 plates and 2 text-figures „ 6.75 „ 9. —

23e Livr. (Monogr. XXXVI) W. T. Calman. The Cumacea of the Siboga Expedition. With

2 plates and 4 text-figures „ 1.S0 „ 2.40

24e Livr. (Monogr. LVI<?) C. Ph. Sluiter. Die Tunicaten der Siboga-Expedition.

Supplement zu der I. Abteilung. Die socialen und holosomen Ascidien. Mit 1 Tafel. „ — -.75 „ 1. —

l'n\ :

ription -''

Livr. (M I Rud. Bcrgh. Die Opisthobranchiata dei Siboga-Exped. Mit zo Tafeln. , 11.25 , 14.10

1 ivr. M ' Otto Maas. Die Craapedoten Medusen der Siboga-Exp. Mit 14 Tafeln. . 9.25 , 12.50

XIII a) J. Versluys. niden <l<r Siboga-Expedition.

II. Die Primnoidae. Mit io Tafelrjj [78 I igui n im l.xt und einer Karte. . . , 12.50 , 16.75

XXI G. Herbert Fowler. The Chactognatha of the Siboga Expeditii

With 3 plates and - , 4.20 . 5.25

J. J. Tesch. Die Heteropoden der Siboga-Expedition. Mit 14 Tafeln. , 6.75 „ 9. —
30* Livi XXX G. W. Muller. Die Ostracoden der Siboga-Exped. Mit 9 Tafeln. . 3.50 . 4.40

Franz Eilhard Schulze. Die Xenophyophoren der Siboga-Exped.

Mit 3 1'afcln , 2.40 , 3.—

1 .1 \ Maria Boissevain. The Scaphopoda of the Siboga Expedition.
Wit li 6 plates and 39 tëxtfigures , 4.80 , 6. —

33c i.i\ XXVI J. W. Spengel. Studiën über die Enteropneusten der Siboga-"Exp.

Mit 17 Tafeln und 2 1 Figuren im Text '4- % '7-5°

XX H. F. Nierstrasz. Die Nematomofpha der Siboga-Exp. Mit 3 Tafeln. _ 2.80 „ 3.50

ogr. XIII.) Sydney J. Hickson und J. Versluys. Die Alcyoniden der Siboga-
Exped. I. Coralliidae, II. Pseudocladochonus Hicksoni. Mit 3 Tafeln und 16 Figuren irn Text. „ 2.20 „ 2.75

ivr. Monogr. XXXI.,- P. P. C. Hoek. The Cirripedia of the Siboga Expedition.

A. Qrripedia pedunculata. With 10 plates „ 5.40 , fi.75

37» Livr. (Monogr. XLIIa) L. Döderlein. Die gestielten Crinoiden der Siboga-Expedition. Mit

In und 12 Figured im Text „ 8. — „ 10. —

Monogr. IX Albertine D. Lens and Thea van Riemsdijk. The Siphonophores
<pf the Siboga Expedition. With 24 plates and 52 tëxtfigures „ 13.50 , 16.75

• ■ M. M. Schepman. The Prosobranchia of the Siboga Expedition.

Part I. Rhipidoglossa and Docoglossa, with an Appendix by Prof. R. BERGH.

With 9 plates and 3 tëxtfigures „ 4.80 „ 6. —

40* Livr. M XL) J. C. C. Loman. Die Pantopoden der Siboga-Expedition. Mit r5

lattin und 4 Figuren im Text. , 6.25 „ 7.S0

ir Livr. (Monogr. LVIr) J. K. W. Ihle. Die Appendicularien der Siboga-Expedition. Mit 4

Tafeln und IO Figuren im Text „ 4.8Ö n 6. —

XI.IX- M. M. Schepman und H. F. Nierstrasz. Parasitische Proso-
branchiei der Siboga-Expedition. Mit 2 Tafeln „ 1.20 , 1.50

43c Livr. Monogr. XLIX'^I M. M. Schepman. The Prosobranchia of the Siboga Expedition.

Part II. Taeaioglossa and Ptenoglossa. With 7 plates „ 4.50 „ 5.60

441 Livr. (Monogr. XXIX a) Andrew Scott. The Copepoda of the Siboga Expedition.

1'art I. Free-swimming, Littoral and Semi-parasitic Copepoda. With 69 plates. . „ 26. — , 32.50

I.YI/'J C. Ph. Sluiter. Die Tunicaten der Sibdga-Expeditfon.
II. Abteilung. Die Merosomen Ascidien. Mit 8 Tafeln und 2 Figuren im Text. „ 5.75 „ 7.25

[onogr. XLIX'f) M. M. Schepman. The Prosobranchia of the Siboga Expedition.
Part III. Gymnoglossa. With 1 plate , — .80 , 1. —

47c Livr. Monogr. XIII Ai C. C. Nutting. The Górgonacea of the Siboga Expedition.

III. The Muriceid .1 . With 22 plates „ 8.50 „ 10.75

48= Livr. (Monogr. XIIIA'j C. C. Nutting. 'I hc Górgonacea of the Siboga Expedition.

IV. The I'lexaurida-. With 4 plates ' „ 1.60 , 2. —

Monogr. l.VI . J. E. W. Ihle. Die Thaliaceen (einschliesslich Pyrosomen) tier
Siboga-Expedition. Mit 1 Tafel und 6 1 im Text „ 1.7-5 2.20

50e Livr r. XIII />:) C. C. Nutting. The Górgonacea of the Siboga Expedition.

V. The Isid.e. With 6 plates 2.25 , 3. —

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