( NOW 29 aa

iewitt. James Alexander, ^r^etches of English churcii ^ :oouth At Ilea troiti 1795 to

18

SKETCHES

ENGLISH CHURCH HISTORY

SOUTH AFEICA.

Feom 1795 TO 1848.

BY

JAMES ALEXANDER HEWITT,

EECJTOR OF WORCESTER, SOUTH AFRICA.

CAPE TOWN :

J. C. JUTA & CO.

188/-

LONDON :

PRINTED BY ^YILLIAIH CLO^YES AND SONS, LIMITED,

fcTAMFORD STREET AND CJIARIXG CROSS.

CONTENTS.

CHAPTER I.

1795-1803. PAGE

The first English occupation — Military and Naval Chaplains — Religious difficulties with the Dutch — Withdrawal of the English — Do Mist's church regulations . . . . .3

CHAPTER 11.

180G-1S07. Henry Martyn's account of the taking of the Cape — The earliest registers — Controversy with the Dutch Consistory — A Luthe- ran garrison chaplain — Cliange in the marriage law — The Dutch church used for English services — Lord Caledon Governor — Title of Ordinary 7

CHAPTER III.

1808-1811. The career of a clerical impostor. Dr. Halloran, garrison chaplain and Rector Gymnasii — His libels upon the Lieutenant- Governor — His trial and banishment — Opinion of law officers as to the validity of his marriages — His subsequent career . 13

CHAPTER lY. 1811-1819. The first Colonial Chaplain — Chaplaincy at Simonstown esta- blished— Education — Lord Charles Somerset Governor — First English church built in the Colony— Marriage licences issued — Sir J. Brenton's letter to the Bishop oi London on the spiritual wants of the Colony ...... 26

CHAPTER V.

1820-1826. State of the Church at the Cape — Arrival of British settlers — Establishment of Bible and Tract Society — First S. P. G. Mission — Grahamstown founded — Commission of Enquiry — Port Elizabeth — Proposal to build a church in Capetown — Prayer Book and Tract Society founded — Report of Royal Commissioners of Enquiry oQ

CHAPTER VL

1827-1830. First episcopal visit — Bishop James of Calcutta — Second scheme for building a cluirch in Capetown — Consecration of the site — Confirmation — Third scheme for building a clmrcli — S. George's Churcli ordinance — Second episcopal visit, Bishop Turner — Laying foundation stone of S. George's Church — Opening of S. George's Church, Graliamstown — Clerical chanores — Dr. AVriiiht . . . . . . .48

IV

Contents.

CHAPTER yil.

1831-1835. PAGE

Increase of activity in church building — Tliird episcopal visit, Bishop Wilson— His stay at the Cape — Consecration of sites — First ordination— Departure of Governor Sir Lowry Cole — Sir Benjamin D'Urban's reforms — Opening of Eondebosch Church— Opening of S. George's, Cajietown — Kafir war of 1834-1830— Visit of Bishop Conic of Madras . . .59

CHAPTER VIII.

183G-1810. Statistics of the Church— C. M. S. Mission to the Zulus— Mas- sacre of the emigrant Boers and abandonment of the mission — Opening of S. Frances' Church, Simonstown — Legislation — Arrival of juvenile emigrants — Church building — Extension of tlie Colonial Episcopate — Religious controversy — The Anglo-Indians ........ OS

CHAPTER IX.

1841-1845. Difficulties at Grahamstown — State of the Churcli in the Eastern Province — The Colonial Church Soci<ty undertake work at the Cape— Long Street Episcojial Chai)el— S. Mary's, Port Elizabeth — Vi>it of the Bishop of Tasmania — Kei>eal of Do Mist's regulations — British settlers' twenty-fifth anniversary — New chaplaincies— Church ordinances . . . .82

CHAPTER X.

184G-1848.

Kafir war of the axe — Resolution of Cai)ctown District Committeo of S. P. C. K. on tho subject of the; South African Bishopric — Memorial from tlu; inlialiitants of the Eastern I'rovince on the same subject— Opening of Holy Trinity Church, Cape- town— Departure of Mr. Hough— Cape Colony erected into an Episcojtiil See — Consecration of Bishoj) Gray — His arrival at

■•* '• the Cape — State of the Church on his arrival — Gleams of

hope .......... 93

APPENDICES.

A. List of Dr. Ilalloran's i)ubiiHhed works . . . .103

B. Sir J. Brenton's letter to the JJislioj) of London . . . 105

C. S. George's Capetown Church Ordinance .... lOD

D. Memorial from residents in thr- ICastern Province to the Com-

mittee fif the Colonial Bishops' Fund .... 122

E. Letters I'atent of IS 17 constituting the See of Capetown . 123

F. List of Clergy stntifmed at the Cap.-, 17;)5-1S48 . . .128

G. List of Pam])hle1s on Chureh matters, Sermons, «&(*., pub-

lislir-d at the Cape, 1808-1847 133

IL ( )rdinances and Lawa enacted by the Colonial Legislature from

180G-1848, relating to the Church, and still in force . . B'G

SKETCHES OE ENGLISH CHUECH HISTOEY IN SOUTH AFEICA.

INTRODUCTION.

South Africa is no exceiDtion to the dreary history of the Colonial Church in its early clays. It presents to us the sacl picture of an offshoot of the Mother Church left to exist for years without episcopal supervision. An Order in Council issued during the reign of Charles I. is said to have placed all foreign congregations of British subjects, not within the limits of other Anglican Dioceses, under the jurisdiction of the Bishop of London; but if this order ever existed it only invested that prelate with authority to appoint commissaries for the transaction of purely legal business, without making any provision for the exercise of the more important spiritual functions of the episcopate. And although a later order in 1726 empowered the BishOB of London to exercise spiritual jurisdiction in the pla'fl^^ tations, it does not seem that this shadow of episcopacy extended to the Cape Colony at its acquisition seventy years afterwards.

When the See of Calcutta was founded in 1814, its Bishop was regarded as, in some degree, Bishop of South Africa, but it was not until 1837 that the third occupant of the See called at the Cape on his voyage to India. The Chaplains were unlicensed and free from any control, except that of the Governor, who was styled the Ordinary ; and

u

2 English CJnirch History in Sonth Africa.

Avliat lias been ^vcll called " a system of insufficient and scarcely veiled Prcsbyterianism " \vas tlic only representative of the Church of England in South Africa.

No attempt has hitherto been made to collect materials for the history of this iK^riod. The history of Church matters since the foundation of the See of Capetown in 1847 is tolerably well known, and may be read in the journals and life of Bishop Gray and his colleagues, or gathered from the many pamphlets and law reports, published upon the various subjects in dispute, during his eventful and illustrious episcopate. But of the earlier period, from the first English occupation to the arrival of Bishop Gray (1795-1848), no collected record exists. The following sketches, drawn from scattered notices in the Colonial archives, and in the scanty newspaper and periodical literature of the time, from the observations of travellers, and from other trustworthy sources, are a contribution towards supplying this deliciency.

English Church Histoiy in South Africa.

CHAPTER I.

The English Occupation from 1795 to 1803. Clergy.

Eev. J. E. Attwoocl, R.N., 1795. Eev. H. Davis, 1797-1799. Eev. Dr. Dolling, R.N., 1797. Eev. Thomas Tringliam, 1799-1803. Eev. — Holmes (?), 1803.

When the Cape capitulated to the English arms iu September, 1795, it was agreed that the privileges of the Dutch Eeformed Church should be preserved, and during the seven years of occupation that body continued to be called the Established Church. The only services of the English Church were held, probably in the Castle, by the Military Chaplains, but no traces of any registers kept at that time are to be found. The Governor was the Ordinary, and his consent was necessary to marriages, and even to baptisms — at least in the case of adults.

The first clergyman with whose name we meet is the Eev. J. E. Attwood, Chaplain of H.M.S. Stately, and one of his earliest ministerial acts in the settlement led to a legal controversy with the authorities of the Dutch Church. At that time all persons about to be married were obliged to appear before a Lay Matrimonial Court in Capetown to prove that there were no legal impediments to the marriage. On the 2nd October, 1795, Mr. Attwood solemnized a marriage without this preliminary form being observed. When the bridegroom applied to the Dutch Church to have his marriage registered, he was refused on the ground that the marriage was illegal. He then petitioned the Governor,

B 2

4 English CJiurcJi History in South Africa.

General Craig, to have the marriage declared legal, because " at the time of the marriage the usual method of recording names was stopt" — Capetown being under martial law. The Governor, however, declined to interfere, and recom- mended that the couple should be remarried.

But graver causes of collision than this occurred. Admiral Elphiustone states in a letter to his friends that " the Captain of one of the shijis of war, who had a gift for expounding the Gospel, was rash enough to baptize a child in the house of Colonel de Lisle, and the Dutch, who had been guaranteed in the exercise of their religion, raised a tumult against what they regarded as an infringement of the convention, and were only pacified when the officer was suspended. Another time a Chaplain of the fleet married a couple, ignorant that the [bride]groom was already a husband, and a clamour was again excited, which the Admiral had to quell by his personal interference."*

In 1797 Eev. H. Davis was Chaplain in Capetown, Among the archives is a letter dated 7th August, 1797, from Cajitain Lambe, thanking Lord Macartney for j^er- mission to marry, which is endorsed, " License to be granted to Mr. Davis to marry." Another letter, dated 15th August, from Garrison Church-Clerk Norris, to Mr. Secretary Barnard, states that application had been made to Mr. Davis by " a native of Africa, who is at the years of maturity and freeborn, whose wish it is to be ba2)tizcd according to the Church of England." It is endorsed, "Leave has been granted." On February 5th, 1798, the Governor grants permission to Mr. Davis to baptize certain coloured adults. There is also a jjctition from one Fitter (2Gth February, 1798), that lie and liis family may have the Governor's permission to be ])aj)tized by tlio English Chaplain, as he

♦ "Life of Lord Keith." Admiral Elphiustone (nfterwnnls liord Keith) was cominainling at tlie Cnpc from Septc'inbt-r t(j November, 1795.

English Church History in South Africa. 5

Lad api^lied to the Dutch Church " without obtaining the holy Sacrament of Baptism," whereas the English Chaplain is willing to admit him into " the Holy Church." There is also a similar petition from Candaza, a female slave (1st March, 1798).

In the same year Eev. Dr. Dolling was Chaplain to Sir H. Christian, Admiral commanding the fleet at the Cape, and resided for some months at Stellenbosch as tutor to Admiral Christian's son in the family of the Dutch clergy- man, Mr. M. Borcherds.*

In 1799 the Rev. Thomas Tringham succeeded Mr. Davis iis Chaplain in Capetown, and remained there until the restoration of the Cape to the Dutch. In December, 1799, the Kerkraad of Stellenbosch complained of Mr. Tringham to the Governor for having baptized the illegitimate child of a female member of the Dutch Church. The complaint was referred to him by the Governor for explanation, and in reply he justifies his action, and adds, " Since my arrival in the Colony I have ever j)ursued (and shall continue to do so) a line of duty prescribed by and conformable to the Statutes and Ordinances of the Anglican Church, sanctioned by the laws of my country, and conformable to the laws of this settlement under the protection of His Excellency the Governor." Here the matter seems to have ended, but wo shall meet with a similar complaint against the English Chaplain soon after the capture of the Cape in 1806.

Mr. Tringham had a grant of land in or near Capetown from Governor Sir G. Yonge, and in September, 1801, applied for permission to sell it, which was refused. He left the Cape with the English forces in February, 1803.

='' Dr. Dolling is gratefully spoken of by Mr. P. B. Borelienls in his *• ^lemoirs," and is described as " wearing a black coat and waistcoat, Avitli yellow buckskin breeches, yellow-toppctl boots, with a broad brimmed hat shaped to a point behind; ho wore spectacles on an aquiline nose, and had lively eyes." — Borcherds' '* Memoirs," p. 3S.

6 English CJuirch History in South Africa.

A form of tlianksgiving for tlie cscai^c of the King from assassination (December, 1800), and a letter endorsing coi)y of an Order in Council of January 1, 1801, respecting alterations in tlic Prayer-Booli, in consequence of the union of Great Britain and Ireland, to be carried into effect in the Colony, close the brief ecclesiastical memoranda of this period. On the 21st February, 1803, the Colony was handed over to the Batavian Ecpublic, and the English officials and troops were withdrawn. Several English residents, however, remained at the Cape, and among them (it would ai;)pear) a clergyman; for in the Kaa'psclie Courant of May 14, the Eev. Mr. Holmes notifies that ho has ojiened a private school.

Under the Batavian Government, by the Church regula- tions published by Commissioner General de Mist (July 25, 1801), certain restrictions were placed upon the exercise of religious liberty ; and as these continued and were some- times enforced under English rule, they may be hero mentioned. No one was permitted to perform any Divine service, or to hold public meetings for devotion without the knowledge of the Governor, or at any other time than the usual Sundays and holidays, and in public churches, without his permission ; and then always under the guidance, and upon the responsibility of tlie qualified con- sistory of that community. Tliese regulations were only repealed by Ordinance 7 of 1813, and hence the curious proviso wc shall presently meet with in notices of Divine service, that " Service will be held by permission of Ilis Excellency tlic Governor."

English Chiu'cJi History in South Africa.

CHAPTER II.

From the Capture of the Cape in 1806 to May, 1807. Clercjij.

Rev. D. Griffiths, Feb.— April, 1806.

Rev. Robert Jones, B.A., Jan., 1807— Feb., 1807.

There is an interesting notice of the taking of the Cape in the life of Henry Martyn, who was a passenger to India in a ship of the armament by which the Colony was taken. The fleet consisted of nearly seventy vessels convoying an army of more than six thousand men : yet this large force was without an official Chaplain, and Martyn relates that wLen a Portuguese gentleman at S. Salvador asked him if the soldiers had a Minister to attend them in their dying moments, to instruct and to administer consolation, he hardly knew what to say to explain such neglect. Martyn landed and was present at the battle of Blaauwberg (January 8, 1806), and ministered to tlie wounded on the field. " I prayed," he says, " that the capture of the Cape might be ordered to the advancement of Christ's Kingdom, and that England might show herself great indeed by sending forth the Ministers of her Church to diffuse the gosj)el of peace." He remained in Capetown for about a month, holding ser- vices on Sundays at his lodgings for the cadets and pas- sengers, and visiting the hospital. Being called upon to officiate at a funeral, the service " was likely to have mot with an interruption by my having neglected to bring the Prayer-Book with me ; in the utmost confusion I sent to all the English families, but none could be found, and so I went to the church, whore, through ignorance of the proper ceremonies, the corpse had arrived before mo, and began the

8 English Church Hisfojy in Sonth Africa.

service without a Prayer-Book, and read the jisalms and lessons from my Bible. At this critical moment, while the body was putting into the grave, Mr. Ivcad [the L.M.S. Missionary], who had been running about to get a book, put one into my hand without anyone perceiving it, and thus the whole service went on with propriety and decorum." *

By the eighth article of the capitulation it was agreed that jDublic worship) as then in use should be maintained •without alteration. This agreement was faithfully kept, the Englisli Government not only maintaining but extending the Dutch Church establishment ; though for the large military force stationed in the Colony, and for the increasing number of English inhabitants,! but little spiritual provi- sion w^as made by either the English Church or State. This may have been partly because it was for some time doubtful whether England would retain the Caj^e ; indeed, it was not until 1814 that the Colony was definitely ceded by tlie Netherlands to the British Crown, the convention being ratified the following year at the Congress of Vienna.

In February, 180G, the Eev. D. Griffiths arrived at the Capo as Garrison Chaplain, and the earliest volume of registers, now in 8. George's, Capetown, dates from this time. It is a manuscript folio, witli the written title-page, "A Kegister of Christenings, Marriages, and Deaths at Capetown, commencing from tlie 7th of February, Anno Domini, 180G, kept by the Rev. D. Griffiths." J

♦ Sftrgent'8 " Life of Ilonry iMiirlyn."

t The n<l(h-eH.s presented by tlie Briti^li inliahitiuits to Sir 1). liuiij on lii.s dei)arture in signed by thirty-live iiilhienliiil civili.in.s in Cn])e- town. — Life of Sir D. Biiird, ii. 17(j.

X Tlic baptisms during tlic three numths of jNIr. (iriflitlis' minis- trations occu]»y ten jinges, and are filty-live in number,— many of the names being those of Dutch families, i)p. 3-13, continued again on ]). 205. Marriages, p. T^S, continued on p. 17o. Burials, \). liiT, only three in number.

English Church History in South Africa. 9

Tlie Dutch Cliurch, as on a former occasion, soon rose np against an infringement of what they seem to have con- sidered their monopoly. On March 3rd, 1806, the Dutch Minister in Capetown, Mr. van Manger, brought to the notice of his Kerkraad that the Chaplain to the Forces had baptized several adults and infants not belonging to the garrison. The Kerkraad thereuj)on complained to the Com- mander-in-Chief, Sir D. Baird (letter dated 25th March), of this breach " of the custom which has always prevailed in these parts, that each clergyman should confine his minis- trations to the members of his own congregation." IMr. Griffiths, in reply, stated that he had baptized these persons because the " Cape Clergy refused to do so unless the adults could read and write." The Consistory, on the contrary, affirm that they had only insisted that no one could be a Christian without knowing the chief doctrines of Chris- tianity, and that no adult ought be baptized until he has made a profession of faith. They quote Archbishop Tillot- son to prove that this is the teaching of the English Church no less than of the Dutch, and indeed is a principle of the Gospel itself, since the command is that we should first teach and then baptize. They hint tLat the Chaplain had been impelled by mercenary motives, and ask whether he is to be considered as Garrison Chaplain or as a general Colo- nial Minister, and whether the regulation that Ministers shall confine their ministrations to their own congregations is still to continue in force.* Sir D. Baird closed the cor- respondence on April 4th, by stating that it shall be notified to the Garrison Chaplain that he is not to infringe the colonial customs, but to confine the exercise of his religious

* This correspondence may be seen in Dutch (though with a suppression of names) in the Z. A. Tijdschrift for 1830, vol. 7, p. 57. I have been enabled to verify facts and dates by reference to tlio original documents in the archives of the Dutch Church, Capetown.

lO English CJnircJi History in South Africa.

functions to the garrison and to the Britisli inhabitants, or to such others only as wish to join the English Church upon conviction.

It may have been in consequence of this controversy that Mr. Griffiths left the Cape early in April,* his last entry in the registry being dated April 7th ; and until January 16th, 1807, there was no English clergyman resident in the Colony ; but at the j^articular solicitation of the Major- General commanding-in-chief, the Lutheran Minister, Mr. Hesse, consented to act as Garrison Chaplain, and to perform divine service for the troops.-f Mr. Hesse ke^jt a private record of baptisms, which were afterwards copied into the register by the next ChapLain, Mr. Jones.J

An important alteration in the marriage law of the Colony was made at this time. Under the regulations issued by the Batavian Government (20th September, 1804), marriages might be solemnized in the country districts by the Courts of Landdrost and lieemradcn ; and these regulations having been adopted in Cai^etown, by a resolution of the Dutch Governor and Council (3rd January, 1805), it had become customary for marriages to be solemnized by a Lay Matri- monial Court, without any ceremony by a clergyman, or

* Probably with the expedition which sailed on April 13tb, muh-r command of Sir H. Popham and IMajor-GeneruI Beresfbrd, against Buenos Ayrcs. See " Life of Sir D. Baird."

t Extract from General Orders, Gth INIay, 180G, signed by G. B. Tucker, Dep.-Adj.-General,in Gazette of 10th INIay.

X " Bapti.sms during tlie time no English clergyman was at the Cape, Mr. llcsse, Lutheran priest, ofliciating" 11th ^lay, 180G, to 18th January, 1807, " copied by me from mcmnrandums given to me by Mr. Hesse. — II. Jones, Garrison Chuplain, INIarch 14, 1807." "No me- morandum of deatlis hns been kept l)y Mr. Hesse during the period of hi.s ofTu-iatirig as Garrison Chaplain. No account of the diflferent ihaths that take place in the army is recpiisite to be kejit in this register, as they will be correctly found in the books of the difVcrent regiments."

EnglisJi Church History in South Africa. ii

the assistance of the Church being in any manner required.* Sir D. Baird, having taken the matter into serious consider- ation, and " reflecting that in all civilised countries where the Christian religion is professed and respected, the marriage ceremony is justly reckoned a holy institution, connected with the sacred principles of religion, and not (as these regulations would infer) a mere civil contract," by proclamation (20th April, 1806) prohibited any such lay courts from performing the marriage ceremony, and required all marriages to be performed, as before the regulations were issued, by an ordained clergyman or minister of the Gospel.

The Eev. Eobert Jones, B.A., arrived in the Colony with the newly-appointed Lieutenant-Governor, Hon. General Grey, on January 16th, 1807, and was Garrison Chaplain during that year ; his entries in the register beginning on January 21st. From this time the use of the Dutch Church was granted for the celebration of the English services, which were held on Sunday mornings at half-past eleven ; except when the Holy Communion was administered in the Dutch Church, when the English service did not begin till half-past twelve. "f It was not until 1813 that the Con- sistory allowed their bells to be rung for the English service. The Church continued to be used by the English congregation until the oj)ening of S. George's in 1834.

In May, 1807, the Earl of Caledon assumed the Govern- ment of the Colony, and the title of Ordinary was again added to the official designation, although on the only occasion upon which the exercise of this jurisdiction was

* A curious instance of the reaction from this lax state of things occurs in April, 1807, when a couple was married on tlic 13th by the Eev. Mr. Jones, the English Chaplain, and a second time on ^^unday, the 19th, by the Kev. Mr. van Manger, the Dutch Minister.

t We sometimes meet with notices of the poatponcment of a play advertised for Soturday niglit, in consequincc of the next doy being a " Communion Day," e.g., -Ith July, 1807.

12 English CJiuych History in Sonth Africa.

called for — tlic removal of a Chaplain of the Forces in 1810 — the order was issued by the Commander of the Forces, General Grey. The authority for the use of this title, which continued to be used by all subsequent Governors until the aiipointment of Sir G. Grey in 1854, appears in most cases somewhat doubtful. The instructions to Lord C. Somerset (3rd November, 1813) contained these words : — " It is our will and pleasure that you, or in your absence, our Lieutenant-Governor, or the person for the time being having the government of the said settlement, shall have the power of collating to benefices, granting licences for marriage and probates of will, commonly called the office of Ordinary. But it is our express will and pleasure, and you are hereby directed and required not to grant deputations for the exercise of the said powers to any person or persons whatsoever in the said settlement under your government." This was repeated in almost the same words in the instructions to Sir Lowry Cole in 1828 ; but it is not in the instructions of any Governor since that time. An oflficial report of the regulations of the Colony, for- warded to the Secretary of State for the Colonies (June, 1 847) states that " with respect to the English Church the Governor was, hi the absence of a BhJioj), e.c ojjlcio the Ordinary." In this case the title should have been discon- tinued immediately on the arrival of Bisliop Gray ; whereas we find it continued by Sir H. Smitli and even by his successor, Sir G. Catlicart, though appointed after tlie crea- tion of tlie See. Judge Watermcyer* was of opinion that the title had been continued in the proclamations from the earlier date without any authority.

* lt<])ort of Long ca«o, p. 134.

English Church History in South Africa. 13

CHAPTER III.

1808-1811.

Clercjy.

Eev. Robert Jones, B.A., Jan., 1807— Feb., 1817. Laurence Hynes Halloran, D.D., Nov., 1807 — June, 1810.

The next three years are rendered notorious by the career of a remarkable clerical inij)ostor. This was a person styling himself the Eev. Dr. Halloran, who, though it was afterwards discovered, not in Holy Orders at all, was for three years Chaplain to the Forces in Capetown, and exer- cised all the functions of a priest. Born at Eatoath in Ireland, in 1765, he had, from his twentieth to his thirty- second year, kept a school near Exeter, which was in very great repute, and at which Sir E. Gifford, afterwards Solicitor- General, was one of his pupils. He asserted that he had been ordained by the Bishop of Ossory, and in November, 1797, was appointed Chaplain of H.M.S. La Fomjpee, under Admiral Vashon, a post which he held until October, 1798. In 1799 he was an unsuccessful can- didate for the mathematical mastership at Christ's Hospital, and in July, 1800, he obtained the degree of Doctor in Divinity by diploma from King's College, Aberdeen ; hono- rary degrees being at that time granted by the Scotch Universities in a very loose manner, usually upon the simple recommendation of two persons known to some members of the Senate.*

* I am indebted to the courtesy of Mr. Anderson, Assistant Eogistrar of the University of Aberdeen, for the following extract from the MS.

14 English Church History in South Africa.

Halloran next ajipcars coiuliictiiig for a sliort time a Kaval trainiug school iu Scotland Yard, imdcr tlio patronage of the First Lord of the Admiralty. During the years 1802-1803 he was at the Hague in Holland, and in June, 1803, was appointed Chaplain and Secretary to Admiral Lord Kortliesk on board H.M.S. Britannia. In that capacity he M'as present at the battle of Trafalgar,* and commemorated the glories of that victory and the death of Nelson in a poem of some merit. During part of the j^ears 180G-1807 he resided at Bath, where he introduced himself to the notice of the Rev. E-ichard AVarner, then in sole charge of the j)arish of St. James, Bath, who, in his " Literary Recollec- tions," gives the following account of this period of Halloran's career: — "I had observed among my auditors a gentleman of striking, but not prepossessing appearance. From his garb I suj)posed him to be a clergyman. His large black eye was intelligent but fierce ; and not rendered less so by the broad brow of the same hue, which surmounted it. His strongly marked features indicated capacity of mind and force of understanding ; but there existed no trait among tliera that could allure to confidence or excite esteem . . . He came to Bath and settled in my parish for the sake of an invalided member of his family, and was very desirous to

records, vol. xiv. p. 18 : — " King's College, 2G July, 1800. Convened the principal, Sir Ak-x. Bainiorman, Dr. IMaci^herson, and Mr, Scott. Said day the University conferred the degree of Dr. in Divinity upon the llev. Tiawrencc Hyncs Halloran, clergyman of tlic Church of England, who.sc moral character and literary qualifications were certified by llev. Drs. Crowtlier and Ellicombc, beneficed clergymen in Devonshire, and several other respectable clergymen, and ordered a diploma to Ijo signed accordingly. — (Signed) Hod"*. Maclcod, Princ'."

* He told Mr. "Warner that " the commander of tlie ship requested liim to repeat the word of command through a speaking trumpet • hiring the engagement: an office for wliieh Halloran was well qualified, from the extraordinary strength and clearness of his voice." — Warner's "Literary Ivccollcctions" (1830), vol. ii. p. 298, note.

English Church Historj in South Africa. 15

ligliten the labours of the parochical minister, as well as to exercise the functions of his own sacred profession ... I accepted his offer and requested him to fill my pulpit on the ensuing Sunday morning. The congregation were charmed. The Doctor's voice was magnificent, his delivery energetic, his sermon admirable. He continued to assist me in my parochial duties, and I found him to be a man of consider- able scholarship and great general information. His fame as a reader and preacher echoed through Bath ; and the late Archdeacon and Eector of Bath, Dr. Phillott, requested me to introduce him to this clerical prodigy. I did so ; the Archdeacon was as much struck as myself with the stranger, who repeatedly displayed his oratorical powers from the pulpit of the Abbey Church."* After some time, however, the Archdeacon heard that their powerful ally was an impostor, and had never taken orders. On being challenged to produce his letters of orders, Halloran could show nothing more than papers purporting to be for deacon's orders only. Being thus detected he suddenly quitted Bath, leaving, it is said, certain unpleasant memoranda on several tradesmen's books.

He then obtained the appointment of " Chaplain to his Majesty's Military and Naval Forces at the Cape," where lie arrived in November, 1807, superseding Mr. Jones, who was however, upon General Grey's representation, allowed to remain and assist in the duties of the camp and outposts at Simonstown and Stellenbosch.

In January, 1808, Halloran opened a private school at his residence. No. 3, Burg Street, and in February introduced a Sunday Evening Service, notifying to the residents that under the sanction of the Governor and by permission of the Eeverend the Ministers of the Reformed Church Divine Service will be performed every Sunday evening at six

* Ho also kept a school on Sion Hill, at a house which he called Trafaljiar House.

1 6 English CJnirch History in South Africa.

o'clock ; and that two hours every Tuesday and Saturday afternoon will be devoted to the instruction of their children in the princij^les of the Christian religion and the Catechism of the Church of England, at the Yestry Koom of the Eeformed Church. He also states that an accurate register is kept of christenings, marriages, and funerals, of which an authenticated transcript will be forwarded annually to Doctors' Commons. The evening service was not a success. The author of a now somewhat rare pamphlet* says that Halloran, " though he was in the pulpit eloquent, animated, and impressive, could rarely assemble a congregation of twenty persons at this service ; " and it was not continued by his successors. With regard to registers, it is remark- able that the volume of that date in St. George's does not contain a single entry by Halloran (though the Gazettes abound in advertisements of baptisms, and marriages solemnized by him), the only entries being by Mr. Jones, who signs himself " Chaplain to the Forces encamped and out-posts ; " sometimes, " Chaplain of Brigade." It would appear from this that Mr. Jones retained the custody of the original register, and that Halloran kept a register of his own. Indeed from the very first there seem to have been gome suspicious or grounds of disagreement between Jones and Halloran : a letter from the Eev. J. Gamble, Chaplain- General fGth April, 1808), states that the Commander-in- Chief had written to General Grey that Mr. Jones might receive pay for the time he had acted, but that ho could not be continued in Capetown, but was aj^pointed to the camj)s and out-posts, and that his interference witli Dr. Halloran should be put a stop to.

In May, 1808, Halloran published, for gratuitous distri- bution, a sei-mon prcaclied by him " before the British Army at the Cape, on the guilt of dishonesty in its various

* "State of the; Cajic of Good Hope in 1822," by AV. "NVilhc-rforeo 13ird, Escj., thougli he has not given \i\a name to it.

English Church History in South Africa. 17

degrees, on its usual incentives, and present and future punisliment," — a subject upon which we shall see he was qualified to speak with the authority of personal experience. Another sermon, preached by him on the death of Nelson, was, at the special request of several respectable inhabi- tants, translated into Dutch and published. Halloran seems to have been popular with the civilians in Capetown, for in December, 1808, when some differences arose between him, the Governor, and the Admiral, thirty-six inhabitants, members of the English Church, testify that he had dis- charged all the professional duties of Colonial Chaplain for the civil inhabitants by regularly performing divine service twice every Sunday, by due administration of the sacra- ments, by visiting the sick, burying the dead, in the most exemplary, impressive, and edifying manner, highly credit- able to himself and equally beneficial and satisfactory to the congregation, who therefore earnestly solicit that he may be continued as their Minister. The following Christmas (1809) they presented him with £75 for the purchase of a piece of plate " as a testimony of the high respect and regard for his character and conduct, and of their grateful sense of his zeal and exertions for the promotion of religion in this Colony.-'

In May, 1810, he was appointed by the School Com- mission, 'Rector Gymnasii, or Principal of the classical school in Capetown, for a period of three years, at a stipend of £75, and £45 for house allowance. On this occasion he issued an advertisement referring the public for his abilities and attention as a teacher to the progress made by those pupils who have already been upon his private establishment, and adds that "ho feels a conscious and he trusts a laudable pride in alleging that of the former students whom he educated in England, several at this period fill high and honourable situations in their respective professions, whose names he has the gratification to observe not unfrequently mentioned in the public prints as deserving well of their

0

1 8 English Church History in South Africa.

country." His emoluments at this time were estimated as amounting altogether to £1,200 a year.

But Dr. Halloran's successful career of imposture was drawing to a close — at least in South Africa. At the begin- ning of 1810 a duel had taken place between Halloran's intended son-in-law, Capt. Eyan, and Paymaster Pat alio, both of the 93rd Ecgiment, when the latter was wounded. Capt. Kyan and his second were brought to a court-martial by order of General Grey, and as the only barrister in the Colony was retained for the prosecution. Dr. Halloran wrote their defence. The appearance of Kyan's antagonist and his second as witnesses before the court-martial excited somo indignation, which was so strongly felt by Halloran that, on Mr. Patullo being proposed as a member of the Harmony Club, he wrote to the Committee (11th June, 1810), with warm expressions of censure towards Mr. Patullo, and with- drew his name from the Society.

General Grey, considering Halloran's interference as inconsistent with the character of a clergyman, as likely to promote discord in the army, and as a defiance of his autho- rity and endeavours to suppress duelling, marked his dis- approbation by ordering Halloran to remove from Capetown to the out-rxuartcrs at Simonstown. This letter was received on the day upon which Halloran entered upon his duties as 'Rector Gjjmiiafiii, and not choosing to give up this lucrative office he resigned his Military Chaplaincy until His Majesty's pleasure should be known. He still claimed, how- ever, to be a Naval Chaplain, having been appointed Cliaplain to the Lcnjmrd as long as tliat vessel was on this station, and signified his intention of applying for the use of a church or chapel in which to perform Divine service for the Naval Department and civil inhabitants.* The civilians

* In thi.s it would appear lie was surrcssful, for notices of baptism.s solemnized ]»y liim, generally on Sundays, are found in the (iazetto until the end of September. It would prohidjly bo during thia period that he preached his famous sermon — the tradition of wLicli btill

English CJuirch History in South Africa. 19

also i^etitionecl tlie Governor tliat Halloran might be con- tinued in Capetown, but tbe request was refused on the I)lea that it would interfere with General Grey's arrange- ments.

After a warm altercation Halloran finally gave vent to his anger in a series of libellous poems and scurrilous anonymous letters, signed " Toby Tickle," in which the General was accused of various acts of tyranny and im- morality. On the 30th July (1810) General Grey asked the Governor for a public Crown prosecution of Halloran for libel, and the Fiscal, Mr. (afterwards Sir John) Truter, was directed to institute legal proceedings before the High Court of Justice against Dr. Halloran for writing, com- posing, and publishing infamous libels* against the Lieu- tenant-Governor of the Colony. The High Court of Justice was a survival from the days of Dutch East Indian rule, remodelled by the English Government. It consisted of seven burghers, chosen from the most respectable inhabi- tants of the town, with salaries attached to their office. The Fiscal or Public Prosecutor and the Secretary of the Court were supposed to possess legal knowledge ; the latter pointed out what the law was, and judgment was passed by a majority. The proceedings were always conducted with closed doors ; there was no oral pleading or confronting the accused with witnesses; the evidence was taken down on oath before two commissioners, and afterwards read to the

lingers in Capetown— from the text 2 Tim. iv. 14, " Alexander the coppersmith did me much evil ; the Lord reward him according to his ■works ;"— Alexander being the family name of Lord Calcdon, whoso relation, Mr. H, Alexander, was also at the time Colonial Secretary.

* The libels complained of consisted of a poem entitled Bughear Ko. 1, or Hamilton's Ghost, founded on the circumstances of a suicide for which General Grey was alleged to have been to blame ; a ballad entitled TJie Grey Friar of Northumberland and the Frail Nun of S. Austin, being a parody on Alonzo the Brave, &c. ; and a satiric poem called Ca2-)(e)-ahiUties. They display no small amount of keen but virulent talent.

20 English CJinrcJi History in Sonth Africa.

Court. An appeal lay to the Governor, assisted by asses- sors, and in criminal cases this appeal was final.*

Before this Court Halloran appeared on August 9th. He I)rotested against its jurisdiction on the ground of its being a Dutch Court, and incompetent to judge of an English poem, and appealed to the King in Council. He also claimed to be Chaplain to a ship of war " with j^erpetual leave of absence," and as such to be tried by court-martial. Part of his defence consisted in abuse of Mr. Jones, whom he accuses of being a deserter from tlie Eoyal Navy, a cock- fighter, a horse-racer ; he asserts that the men of the 83rd Eegiment had the greatest objection to any religious cere- mony being performed by Mr. Jones, and constantly aj^plied to him (Halloran) for his services. He also wrote to Sir D. Dundas, then Commander-in-Chief in England, enclosing certificates alleging sundry charges against Mr. Jones. One from the Clerk to the Chaplain of Brigade states that in the administration of baptism Mr. Jones " omits every part of the ceremony prescribed by the ritual except the prayer con- secratory of the water, and the baptismal formula, and that he had deputed the Clerk to bury the dead." Another states that at Stellcnbosch Mr. Jones had omitted four of the commandments and afterwards joked witli tlie ofiicers at mess on the subject ; wliile Mr. John Osmond testifies that on one occasion upon arriving at Simonstown just in time for service Mr. Jones boasted in very profane language that he liad ridden from Capetown in two hours and twenty minutes. t

* The members of the " Anglo-Batavian " Court at tlio trial were D. S. van Ry no vol (I (Prcsidciit) ; IMcssr.s. IMiitliioscn, Slrul)l)crp:, Flock, r. J. Truter, Diomfl, mid W. Iliddin^'h ; J. A. Triitor, Fi.^cnl ; ]?(!laarts van Bloklund, Secretary. The Governor's assessors in tlio Appeal Court were II. Alcxiindcr, Colonial Secretary, and G. Kekewieh, Surrogate Judge of the Admiralty Court.

t In another letter IIalU)ran says that " General Grey's si)iritual director (liimself the essence of evangelical purity) rcsemhlea too much the ])dil maitre Clergyman of Cowj)er to he ca]»al)le of the uncourticr-like rudeness 'ever to mention hell to ears indite.'"

English CJutrcJi History in South Africa. 2i

The proceedings in the High Court dragged on their weary length for three months. On the 8th November Halloran delivered his defence in person. He does not deny the charges, but endeavours to extenuate his conduct by charging General Grey with tyranny and injustice, j)leading that Mr. Jones while Chaplain to the outposts, had been allowed to reside in Capetown, but that lie had been ordered to withdraw to Simonstown, on the very day on which he began his duties as Eector of the Latin School, because the General wished to ruin him. He gives his name as Laurence Halloran,* Clerk, Doctor of Divinity, and Chaplain ; born at Ratoath, in Ireland, and now in his forty-fifth year.

He was found guilty, and the sentence of the court, pro- nounced on December 13th, was, for the libel, to be banished the Colony, and to pay the costs : and for his disrespectful conduct to the court during the trial, to be fined fifty dollars (£3 15s.), and to be imprisoned until there was an oppor- tunity of sending him out of the Colony. The execution of this sentence was deferred pending an appeal which was dismissed by the Court of Appeal (January oOth, 1811), and he was then imprisoned. He addressed memorials and letters | to Lord Caledon, praying for a mitigation of his sentence. The English residents also memorialised the Governor on his behalf (4th February, 1811), and presented Halloran with 1200 dollars (£90) as a testimony of grati-

* His full name, Laurence Hynes Halloran, is given in the Gazette of May, 1812, wliich contains the notices of sales in his insolvent estate. He is sometimes spoken of as O'Halloran, but lie never used the O himself, and during his career at the Cape his name invariably appears simply as Laurence Halloran,

t The tone of his letters was at first very humble, but when he found that they were of no avail he became insolent. In one letter ho reproached the Earl for " insulting a gentleman whose family was old and reputable in Ireland long before the rice was planted from wiiich sprang the dishonourable wealth of this upstart Caledon."

22 English Church History in SoutJi Africa.

tmlc and esteem for the important benefits wliicli tliey and their families, had derived from his professional services. He was, however, kept in prison until the Gtli March, when he was sent on board the prize frigate La 3IancJie, and reached Portsmouth in May. He at once prayed Lord Liverpool for redress, but Mr. Peel replies that the con- sideration of the circumstances must be postponed until the arrival of Lord Caledon and General Grey, who were shortly expected in England. His ai^plicatious to the Treasury for the free jDassage home of his wife and family, and to the Commander-in-Chief for the trial of General Grey by court- martial, were equally unsuccessful, and he then published a full account of the proceedings at the Cape, ajjpealing to the public with his usual vehemence for redress, and con- cluding with a scurrilous " epithalamium on a recent marriage in high life," namely, that of Lord Caledon.

Meanwhile it had become known that Halloran was not in Holy Orders, no such person having been ordained by the Bishop of Ossory. This fact excited so much uneasiness that, by command of the Prince Pcgcnt, the opinion of the law officers of the Crown was taken as to the validity of the marriages solemnized by him.* The opinion, dated Doctors' Commons, 18th December, 1811, and published in the Cape Gazette of 29th May, 1812, was as follows : —

* I have botn told by the Capetown Librarian, Mr. F. ]Maskcw, that Halloran was thought to have destroyed, before his conviction, tlio registers he liad kept; and that in consequence, a gcntkinan (Mr. Proctor) wlK)ia he had baptized was nearly losing an inherituncc in England, having no baptismal certiflcate to produce, had not a well- known oflicial, Mr. IMestaer, who had been present at the baptism, made an affidavit which was accepted in lieu of the certificate. The only signature of Ilallomn's I liavc met with is in the St. George's register (Oct. 1810), where he signs as one of the witnesses to his daughter's marriage by ^Ir. Jones. The autogra})h is a singularly good one, indeed Mr. Warner, in his before-quoted " Literary Recol- lections," says, " His handwriting was the most beautiful I ever beheld."

English CImrch History in South Africa. 23

" May it please tour Lordship,

" We are honoured with your Lordship's letter of the 23rd ult"''', referring to a former communication respecting doubts which have been excited at the Cape of Good Hope, on the validity of certain marriages solemnized there by a person styling himself Dr. Halloran, and signifying the commands of H.K.H. the Prince Eegent that we should state our opinion on the validity of such mar- riages, for the purpose of removing any doubts that may still exist and quieting the minds of the inhabitants thereon. In obedience to your Lordship's directions we have con- sidered the same, and are humbly of opinion, in all the circumstances of the case, that the marriages solemnized at the Cape by the person officiating as a clergyman under assumed or forged orders cannot be vitiated or invalidated in any manner by the defect of the Holy Orders of Priest- hood imputed to him. We have the honour to be,

" C. KOBINSON. « P. GiBBS.

«' T. Plumer. " The Earl op Liverpool, &c."

In the meantime Halloran was pursuing a career of imposture in England almost as successful as that at the Cape. Under a borrowed name he officiated as Curate of the parish of Wootton Underedge in Gloucestershire. Here he was detected by his peculiar manner of pronounc- ing the word hallowed in the Lord's Prayer; — hollowed instead of hallowed, — and on his former patron at Bath, Mr. Warner, proceeding to the parish for the purpose of identifying and exposing him, it was found that he had suddenly decamped. He next assumed the name of L. Blakeney, A.M., and was curate of Thornden and Bedding- field in Suffolk in 1813, and under the same name was suc- cessively Curate of Lechladc in 1814, and Curate and Lecturer of Dursley in 1815. In the last cajiacity ho

24 English Church History in South Africa.

preacLed and j^ublisbcd a sermon at tlie annual visitation of the Deanery of Dursley by the Archdeacon of Gloucester. Here he was again detected by a visitor from Bath, and as he soon after rendered himself obnoxious by his propensity to lampooning, an exposure took place and he again sud- denly disappeared. This clerical Proteus, next appeared under the name of Holland as Curate of Warbleton in, Sussex, and finally, in 1817, under the name of Gregory, as Curate of Brosely in Shropshire.* This last engagement proved fatal to him, for though it is said he was highly valued by the inhabitants, he became on unfriendly terms wdth his rector. Dr. Townsend Forrester, who accordingly laid information against him for having forged the signa- ture of Sir W. Garrow, M.P., as a frank to a letter, whereby the post office revenue was defrauded of tenpence ! Upon this charge ho was indicted at the Old Bailey in September, 1818, as Halloran cdias Gregory. On his trial he persisted in pleading guilty, because he said the only j^erson who could establish his innocence was dead. The forgery had been committed in January, 1817, and he observed that the charge would not have been brought against him but for a subsequent quarrel with his rector, the person who had received the letter, and who had been the promoter of this novel prosecution, the first under the statute. Ho was sen- tenced to seven years' transportation. On searching his residence, copper plates were found for counterfeit letters of orders, and impressions of them in great numbers, some of which were filled uji witli the necessary official names for any part of Kngland : lie had also plates and blank impres- sions for AVales and Ireland. The Bishop of London obtained from him a complete account of the forgeries ho had practised, and Halloran, when taxed with these, pleaded that "if the means were wrong, the end was beneficial and

* Haydn's "Diet, of Dates" (a. v. Tramjiortatlon) says lio was tutor to the Earl of Chcaterlicld (George, sixth earl, b. IfclOo, d. 1815).

English Church History in South Africa. 25

praiseworthy." From his prison in Newgate he addressed a memorial to Lord Sidmouth praying for a mitigation of his sentence ; he also published a poem, Neivgate, or Desul- tory Shetclies in a Prison, which he dedicated to his former puj)il, Sir E. Gifford, dated Infirmary, Newgate, Nov. 6th, 1818. His sentence was, however, carried into effect, and he was banished to New South Wales. Here he established a magazine, and produced some other literary works ; but he again got into trouble for a series of libellous letters, signed " Aristides," in the Sydney Gazette of 1826. He died in New South Wales, 8th March, 1831.*

* Appendix A.

26 English CJiurch History in South Africa.

CHA.PTER IV.

lSll-1819.

Clergy. Capetown.

Colonial.

Eev. Robert Jones, Oct. 1811

—Feb. 1817. Eev. George Hough, Feb.

1817—1847.

Military. Eev. M. A. Parker, July,

1811— Feb. 1813. Rev. J. S. Hewett, April,

1815—1816. Eev. N. E. Dennis, April,

1816— Dec. 1822.

SlMONSTOWN.

Eev. George Hough, Sept. 1813— Feb. 1817. Eev. Thomas Ersldne, Oct. 1818— Sept. 1819. Eev. G. W. M. Sturt, Sept. 1819— Aug. 1830.

It has already been stated that, during the career of the 2)seudo Dr. Hallorau, the Eev. R. Jones remained at the Cape as Chaphain to the outposts. He officiated as Chap- lain to the Forces in Capetown from Halloran's resigna- tion in July, 1810, until the arrival, in July, 1811, of the Eev. M. A. Parker as Military Chaplain ; and a note in the register records that it was delivered over by Mr. Jones to Mr. Parker on the 2nd July, 1811, and kept by him subsequently to that date.

On the 3rd October, 1811, the Eev. Eobert Jones * was

♦ There is some douU wlietlior this was the same Rev. R. Jones wlio had been in the Colony since 1807. The signatures in the register do not appear to be the same : the earlier signs R. (sometimes R. E.)

English Church History in South Africa. 2J

appointed by the Governor, Sir J. F. Cradock, " Cliaplain to the British Colonial Civil Establishment," becoming thus the first Colonial Chaplain ; and kept a separate register of baptisms, marriages, and burials, which is also in St. George's Cathedral. Both military and civil still, however, met for worship in the Dutch Church — the two Chaplains, we may suppose, dividing the not very onerous duties ; and as much inconvenience was caused by the officials not having regular seats allotted to them, the Governor, at Mr. Jones' request, personally inspected the state of the pews, and allotted them according to a table of strict precedence, ranging through the gradations of military, naval, and civil ranks, from "H.E. the Governor" down to "such gentlemen of the civil service as are not otherwise provided for." * His Excellency also directed the whole of the pews to be numbered, in order that such of the British inhabitants of the town as wished it might have fixed seats appropriated for them.

In 1812 the small-pox appeared at the Cape and raged for a time with such virulence that all public places were

Jones, " the later always Robert Jones," and in a more delicate hand. Then there is no occurrence whatsoever of the name from July, when the registers were handed over to Mr. Parker, to October 6th, when Robert Jones began to keep the second register. Again, the characters of the two men seem different. It is diflicult to suppose that there was no ground for the charges, however exaggerated, brought by Halloran against R. Jones of profanity and indiifereuce ; whereas Robert Jones was distinguished for zeal, especially in educational matters. But on the other hand I can trace no evidence that R. Jones left the Colony between July and October. The newspaper advertise- ments of marriages are the same in both cases, "by the Rev. Mr. R. Jones," and it seems extremely improbable, that in those days of few clergy at the Cape, two should have borne the same name, especially since there was another Reverend William Jones, B. D. Chaplain to II. M.S. i/on on the station. On the whole I incline to the opinion that it is one and the same Robert Jones. * Gazette, 2nd November, 1811.

28 English Church History in South Africa.

closed, and even divine worsbij) was sus2)ended in all churches from the 17th of March until the beginning of April. This visitation, following upon tLe shocks of earthquakes in 1809 and 1811, caused great alarm and produced a considerable imj^ression upon the minds of many of the inhabitants, leading them, it is said, to greater diligence in attending and promoting religious worship. Sunday, October 11th, was directed by the Governor to be set apart as a day of thanksgiving " for the speedy termination of an evil which threatened such terrible consequences." It was jirobably as an act also of Thanksgiving that the Governor now rej)ealed a law of the Dutch East India Company which in its consequences had obstructed the progress of Chris- tianity. This was a resolution taken by the Governor in Council at Batavia (10th April, 1770), that slaves who had been catechized and confirmed in the Christian religion should not be sold. This law, intended for the promotion of Christianity, had been attended with the contrary effect, and, at " the suggestion of one of the most pious and active of the sacred profession" (no doubt Mr. Jones), it was repealed by Proclamation of the 9th October, 1812. The Governor also addressed a circular letter (14th Jauuary, I813j to the Ministers of the Dutch and Lutheran Cliurches in the Colony, drawing their attention to the rc2)eal, and urging them to use their influence to subdue false prejudices and long-accustomed errors. At the same time the Govern- ment resolved to build an English Church at Simoiistown, and called for tenders lor its erection.

In Fe]>ruary, 1813, the Military C]ia2)lain, Mr. Parker, returned to England, leaving Mr. Jones the only clergyman in the Colony until the arrival, in September, of tlie liev. George Ilough, ]\I.A., Fellow of Pembroke College, Oxford, who was ai)pointcd Chaplain at Simonstown.*

* By Government advert i.scmcnt, 24th Soptcinhcr, iSlu. Tlic- rcgiaters at Siiuoustowu begin on the 20th of December.

English C/uirch History in South Africa. 29

Mr. Jones took great interest in educational matters, and found an influential supjDorter in the Governor, Sir John Oradock, through whose active exertions a fund was raised in 1813 by voluntary contributions throughout the Colony. The objects of this fund were to provide for an enlarged circulation of the Scriptures, and for the religious education of the poor by means of free schools on the Monitorial (Bell or Lancastrian) system, which had already been introduced into the garrison schools. The fund was to be administered, and the schools superintended, by a central commission, to be called the " Bible and School Commission," of which the Governor was patron, and the Colonial Secretary, the English and other clergy ex officio members. Official minutes explanatory of the scheme were issued by Govern- ment and by the Commission.

The result of this movement was the establishment in Capetown (in Long Street, afterwards removed to Kecrom Street) of a free school, on the Bell or Lancastrian system, opened on the 13th September by Sir John and Lady Theodosia Cradock. Very interesting addresses were delivered on this occasion by the Governor and Mr. Jones,* who also presented a portrait of Dr. Bell to the school.

Mr. Jones was also deputed by the Bible and School Commission to make a tour through the country for the purpose of assisting in the formation of schools on this system. He visited the Moravian Institution at Genadcndal, and expressed his satisfaction at the state of the school

* The addresses were published in the Gazette of 18th September, 1813. A sermon preached by Mr. Jones (14th March, 1813), On the advantages of a religious education, was translated into Dutch and published at the request of the Governor. There is another published sermon of his, On the universal charity of the Gospel (lOtli January, 1813). He also preached a special sermon on behalf of the Bible and School Fund (3rd November, 1810), when a collection was made (" under sanction of H. E. the Governor "), which amounted to Kds. 520 (£39).

30 English Church History in South Africa.

there, but objected to its being kept in the cliurcb. Being informed that the Missionaries had not the means of building a school-house, he immediately set on foot a subscription, Xmtting down his own name for rds. 1 00 (£7 10s.), and, by his zealous exertions, in a short time procured upwards of 1400 rixdollars, to which several handsome donations, from Sir J. and Lady T. Cradock, the Bible and School Com- mission, the Lutheran Church and others, were afterwards added. Tlie foundation of the school was laid on the 11th February, 1814, and it was opened in July.*

It was during the year 1813 that the Dutch Church bells were allowed to be rung for the English service. " To prevent the uncertainty and disappointment heretofore felt and comjolained of resj^ecting the time of attending the English Church on a Sunday morning, as soon as the Dutch congregation leaves the church, until the arrival of the military the bells will cliimo, and after their arrival, one bell will toll until half-j^ast eleven o'clock, when Divine service begins."

In June, 1813, the prayer ordered to be said in England during the Regency of the Prince of Wales, was published for use in this Colony : and Wednesday, 1st September, was appointed to be observed as a public day of fasting and humiliation " to the intent that we may humble ourselves before Almighty God to obtain remission of our sins ; and in the most solemn and devout manner oflfer up our common jirayers for averting those judgments which our manifold provocations have most justly deserved ; and also to beseech the Divine aid and blessing towards the success of His ]\Iajesty's arms, both by sea and land, witli tliosc of his allies, and for the restoration of peace and prosperity to Jlis Majesty's and their dominions." The special prayer used on this occasion, and the form of thanksgiving directed

* Lntrobo, ".Tonrnal ofii Visit to South Africa in 1815-10," p. :]30 ; and Holmes' " Missions of tho United lirctlircn," p. 408. (liondon, 1 8'27, 8vo.)

English CJntrch History in South Africa. 31

to be read in all churches within this Settlement for two successive Sundays (January 2nd and 9th, 1814,) for the victory of Vittoria, are published in the Gazette.

On February 26th, 1814, it was ordered by Government advertisement that the banns of all marriages, English and Dutch, intended to be solemnized according to the forms of the Established Church of England were in future to be published in an English Church in this Colony, "as banns are now j)ublished in the Dutch Church." This seems to imply that all banns of marriage had hitherto been published only in the Dutch, as the quasi-Established, Church.

On the oth April, 1814, the new Governor, Lord Charles Somerset, arrived, and was accompanied by the Rev. John Short Hewett, M.A.,* who had been appointed Chaplain to the Forces in succession to Mr. Parker. On Sunday, 24th April, being the day after St. George's Day, the newly-built church at Simonstown was opened for Divine service. This was the first English church in South Africa, and was called St. George's. It was situated in the centre of the town, on a site now occupied by a school-house, but was so badly built that it fell to ruin not long after its completion. The parsonage house which still exists was built at the same time, but was seriously damaged by heavy rains in 1819. There were now three clergymen in the Colony : Mr. Jones and Mr. Hewett in Capetown, and Mr. Hough at Simons- town; but in September Mr. Jones went to England on leave, Mr. Hewett becoming acting-Colonial as well as Military Chaplain.

Mr. Jones had been authorized by the Bible and School Commission (of which he was a member) to promote, while in England, their views and interests by establishing

* Mr. Howett was Fellow of Clure College, Caml)ridgo, B.A., 1803 ; M.A., 1806. On his return to England in 181(5 he was appointed to the College living of Eotherhithe. He was D.D. 1824 ; Ecctor of Ewhurst, Sussex, in 1825, and died in 1835.

32 English Church History in Sonth Africa.

relations with similar institutions in England, and procuring a suj^ply of Dutch Bibles direct from Holland. He returned to the Colony as Dr. Jones (D.D.) in March, 1816— Mr. Hewett leaving soon after for England — and did not find that the cause of education had prospered during his absence. At the public examination of the Free School (1st May, 1816) he noticed and lamented the inadequacy of the funds to answer the twofold object in view, and impressed upon the public the necessity of increasing the annual sub- scriptions.

In February, 1817, Dr. Jones resigned his Chaplaincy and went back to England. He was succeeded as Senior Colonial Chaplain in Capetown by Mr. Hough, whose post at Simonstown was temporarily filled by a new arrival, the Eev. N. E. Dennis, M.A., Chaplain to the Forces.

In March, 1818, the Governor, by virtue of his authority as Ordinary, announced that in consequence of the numerous applications made to him to dispense with the banns of marriage being called, he had resolved to grant special licences upon a stamp of Eds. 200 (£15) to such persons as had appeared before the Matrimonial Court and obtained the necessary certificate of the intended marriage being unobjectionable. The word " special " is here evidently a misnomer ; the licence being the ordinary marriage licence, simply dispensing with the publication of banns, which all English Lishops have by common and statute law the right of granting, and which the Governor was empowered by Letters Patent to grant. An observation occurs here as to the encroachment of tlie civil power upon the Church's rights. That which was originally an Episcopal authority to dispense witli the Church's law as to tlie publication of banns having first been conferred upon Lay Governors, and finally by Act of Colonial rarliament (the Marriage Licence Act, 1882), transferred to the magistrate of each division.

A more imj)ortant event in the scanty annals of this

EiiglisJi Church History in South Africa.

JO

period was an earnest attempt to arouse the attention of the Cliurcli at home to the spiritual wants of the Colony. Sir Jahleel Brentou, Commissioner of the Navy, in travelling from Capetown to the Knysna through the districts of Oaledon, Swellendam, and George, was much impressed by the heathenish state of the slaves and the religious desti- tution of the scattered settlers. He addressed a letter (24th March, 1818j to the Bishop of London,* in which he earnestly expressed his conviction of the necessity of ex- tending the influence of the Church of England, and so diffusing the knowledge of the Gospel. Having spoken of the ignorance and spiritual privations of the farmers and the evils of the slave laws, he instances the success of the Moravian Mission at Gcnadendal as affording the strongest encouragement to similar efforts being made by the Church of England ; and records his " conviction that one amiable, benevolent, and consistent clergyman of the Church of Eng- land would in the course of a very short time produce effects equally salutary not only on the poor destitute inha- bitants of the Colony, but that his influence would extend to the wealthy farmer and his dependents." His scheme was that by way of experiment, a clergyman should be sent out with a limited number of poor families from England, iind established in the vicinity of the Knysna, Mossel Bay, and Breede River, upon land to be granted by the Govern- ment for church and glebe, and for distribution amongst free persons, Europeans or coloured, wdio were to be assisted at first with a small portion of capital, to be repaid by instalments. He enumerates the advantages which would result from such establishments. By building and endowing a church. Government w'ould be able to sell the contiguous land and so recover all the exioenses ; by sending inha- bitants from England the chief want of the Colony — popu- lation— would be supplied, while numbers of destitute

* Appendix I>.

34 English C J lurch History in South Africa.

persons in the motlier-countiy would be provided for, and tlie poor rates relieved ; and above all tbe Christian religion would be promoted in the Colony.

It was possibly this interesting letter which led to the British Settler scheme of 1820, but nothing was done by either of the Church Missionary Societies for the conversion of the coloured races until 1821.

The Eev. Thomas Erskine, M.A., arrived in 1818, and was appointed Chaplain at Simonstown, — Mr. Dennis re- turning to Capetown as Chaplain to the Forces, which jiost he held, living at Zonnebloem, until his dej^arturc from the Colony in 1822. It was during Mr. Dennis's Chaplaincy that the present Garrison Chapel in the barracks was set apart for the j^erformance of Divine service for the military (January, 1819), and the public was informed that hence- forth there will be ample space in the church {i.e.^ the Dutch) for all persons desiring to attend the services held by the (Colonial Chaplain. But this arrangement was soon interrupted. In July, 1810, Mr. Hough went to England on leave, and was absent two years. For the first three months his place was taken by tlie Eev. George William. Milner Sturt, B.A., who was residing in the Colony for his health. But in Se2)tember Mr. Erskine * resigned the ( 'hap- laincy of Simonstown, to which Mr, Sturt was aj^pointed, and Mr. Dennis was loft alone in Capetown. Conse(i[uently the military again attended Divine service in the Dutch Church, but it was notified that tliore was still sufficient accommodation for the English inliabitants and for strangers.

While acting as Colonial Chaplain in Capetown, Mr. Sturt took 2)art in tlie ceremony of laying the foundation-stone of the Commercial Exchange f 25tli August, 1819), and " in an eloquent and impressive prayer, which was listened to with profound attention, invoked the Divine blessing on the

* The Ik'V. T. Ki^kine wa.s Vi<';ir of I'riglilon, Dt'rl»yHliire, from ]821 to 1805.

English Church History in Soiith Africa. 35

unclertaking, deprecating all trifling divisions wliicli miglit weaken the work ; and, alluding to the situation of the people of this quarter of the globe, prayed that the mild, unassuming, but beneficent spirit of our holy religion might proceed as a day-star to its benighted inhabitants." *

* Iieport of the proceedings in Gar.cttc, 4th September, 1819.

D "J

36 English Church History in Scnth Africa.

CHAPTER Y.

1820— 182G.

Capetown. mUtaru (1807).

Rev. N. Pi. Dennis, 181G-

1822. Ptev. F. Fallows (acting),

1823. Ptev. T. Ireland, 1824. Pcv. H. Collison (acting),

1821-1825. Pcv. B. C. Goodison, 182C-

1832.

Colonial (1811). Pvev. C. Hough, 1817-1817.

SlMONSTOWN (1818).

Rev. G. W. M. Stiirt, LSIO- 1830.

Clo'i/u.

Bathdrst (1820).

Rev. W. Boardmau, 1820- 1825.

Clan WILLIAM (1821).

Rev. F. McClelland, 1821-

1825.

Wynbeug (1821). Rev. W. AVriglit, 1821-1828.

Pout Elizabeth.

Rev. F. McClelland, 1825- 1853.

Gu.UIAMSTOWN (1823).

Rev. W. Geary, 1S23-1824. ]{ev. T. Ireland, 1821-1827.

The state of tlio Cliurcli at the Cape at tliis time is well described in a jjaniphlet which has before been quoted. " The English have no churcli, and the service is 2)er- formed, hy permission, in the Dutch Calvinistic churcli. Tlierc are two Knglisli Chaplains, one civil, and the other juilitary, both of whom read prayers and preach every Sunday morning. No Church service is performed in the afternoon or evening, nor on Saints' Days or Week-days ; nor have the tolling of the bells at the churches, or the

English CJinrcJi History in Sonih Africa. 37

cxamj^Ie of tlie Cape Dutch Predil-ants, and the aiDpearance of the town with closed shops, been of sufficient force to nrge the members of the English Church to a full per- formance of their clerical duty ; and the whole congregational Church devotion of the English at the Cape is confined to three hours on the day of Sabbath, except on Christmas Day and on Good Friday. The Sacramental Service takes place every three months. The civil Chaplain does the surplice duty for the civilians and the military for the army. Their emoluments exceed the medium value of livings in England, particularly those of the civil Chaplain (£700 sterling per annum j, which are very ample if considered as a remunera- tion for the duty performed. The Clergy at the Cape have been and are men of learning and piety, and not without zeal ; but none of them appear to have preached conviction to the minds of their congregation that an attendance on evening Church Service is a necessary part of Christian duty. . . . The times are now more favourable to devotional exercises, and who can deny it to be the duty of a Minister of the Gospel to have Church service twice on a Sanday, as ordained by the rubric, and once on prescribed Saints' Days ; or who can say, if opportunity were given, how much grace might abound ? The English congregation at the Cape is numerous ; the soldiers attend by regiments, and their martial music adds to the solemnity of the ser- vice.* . . . There is also a church at Simonstown with a Colonial Chaplain (whose stipend is £350 besides surplice fees), so those of the English who are disposed to attend Divine worship have the means within their reach every Sunday.''!

* There was no organist for the English services until June, 1820, Avlien Mr. James Gregory was appointed by Government.

t "State of the Capo of Good Hope in 1822," p. Go (London, IMurray, 1S23, 8vo.). That the emoluments derived from the " surpliee fuos" were not inconsiderable will appear from the following table of

2,S EiiglisJi CJinrch History in South Africa.

"We might Lave supposed that the Church in this Land would have been roused into activity by the addition to the numbers of English inhabitants of nearly 4000 persons, the British Settlers of 1820. Each party of a hundred families had the privilege of selecting a clergyman of any Christian denomination, whose salary was to be paid from the public funds ; but only two parties were accompanied by a clergy- man of the Anglican Church. The one, a party mostly of Irish under Mr. William Parker, ex-Mayor of Cork, had selected the Rev. Francis McClelland, B.A., of Trinity Col- lege, Dublin, and settled at Clanwilliam ; but as the place did not suit them, the party was broken up and its members be- came scattered throughout the Colony, Mr. McClelland being removed in 1825 to Port Elizabeth, and the work of the English Church at Clanwilliam was not resumed until 1857.

Another party, Wilson's, was accompanied by tlie Eev. William Boardman, wlio Leld tLe first service at Batliurst in August, 1820, and was the clergyman of that place,

fees fixed by the Government, as allowed to bo made by the CLaplains, Clerks, and Sextons of the several English Churches : —

Minister. Clerl: .V. d. s. d. For a marriage out of churcli, or not on

Sunday 15 0 ?> 0

Forabaplisni IT) 0 :; 0

For a burial 7 (! 1 G

For a churching 10 10'

For a certiticate of the publication of the

banns of marriage 10 1 (»

For a certificate of marriage, if demanded ... 10 10

For a certificate of baptism, do 10 10

For a certificate of burial do 1 (» 1 0

By the same regulation, the Sexton is authorized to demand a fee ot Ty. 0(7. for each gi-avc he may be required to prejtare.

This table of fees remained in force until altered by the IJishop and a Synod of Clergy held at I'rotea in 184!S, when the present table of fees, confirmed by the Diocesiin Synod of 1.S80, wns adopted.

English Cluirch History in Sotith Africa. 39

officiating also occasionally at Grahamstown.* He is said to have been a good scholar and an amiable man, but unfortunately the Church under his Ministry pined away and almost came to nought. He kept a private school at Bathurst, where he died in 1825, leaving a family, on whose behalf a public appeal was made.

The head of a third party, Mr. Wilkinson, was the son of an Essex rector, and was accompanied by eight of his father's parishioners, to each of whom a Bible and Prayer- Book was given on leaving the parish. Many others among the Settlers must have been members of the English Church ; but in consequence no doubt of the feeble planting and unworthy exhibition of the Church, the Wesleyan body under the able and energetic William Shaw spread through- out the Eastern Province ; and hence for many years that part of the Colony in which the English population was proportionately the largest, was the part in which the English Church was both numerically and spiritually the weakest.

The only attempt made in the Colony to provide for the spiritual needs of the new comers was the establishment in August of the African Bible and Tract Society, one of whose objects was the distribution of Bibles and the English Prayer-Book, as well as of undenominational tracts. The joint Secretaries were Mr. Dennis and Dr. Philip of the L.M.S.

In January, 1821, Mr. Hough returned, and in June was appointed 'Rector Gynmasii, or Principal of the Classical School.j An important addition to the small number of the

* Before a clim-ch was built at Grahamstowu services were held in the open square on which St. George's now stands.

t There is a published sermon by ]\rr. Hough, " On Evil-speaking " (St. James iv. 11), preached in the English Church, Cui)ctown, on Sunday, August 2Gth, 1821, and published at the request of the Actio g-( Governor, Sir R. Donkin; the profits were for the Settlers' Fund. His only other publication during his long Chaplaincy of

40 English CJiurcJi History ift South Africa.

clergy in the Colony was the Eev. Fearon Fallows, M.A., F.R.S., a distinguished mathematician, who arrived in August, 1821, as Astronomer Eoyal of the newly-founded Observatory. Mr. Fallows resided at Zorg-en-lust, in the Gardens, until the completion in 1828 of the present Observatory, where he had a private chapel in which services were regularly held.- He also officiated frequently for the clergy in and near Capetown, and was in 1823 acting Military Chaplain. He died in Capetown on the eve of his return to Europe in July, 1831, aged 43.

It was in this year (1821) that ihc S.P.G. began its work in South Africa. Nine Societies were in the Mission Field, but the English Church had as yet done nothing for the coloured races, except that a few prize negroes and liberated slaves had been baptized by the Chaplain in Caj^otown, especially in the years 1815 and 1818. But it does not appear that any pains were tahcn to instruct those so bap- tized ; indeed, it is said that in some cases they could not even speak English ; and they soon became dispersed, witbout any knowledge of real Christianity. The Rev. William Wriglit, M.A.jf Missionary of the S.P.G., arrived in March, 1821, and opened a School at Wynbsrg for coloured children, and established a Sunday morning service in a temporary chapel (22nd July). With regard to his selec-

tbii-ty years was a scrinoii " On the Duty of Submission \o Lawful Authority," preached at tlie IMilitary Cliapel, 2oth NovcniljLT, 1825, and published at the request of Lord Charles Somerset.

* Baptism was administered there in 182S, and a marria.i^o solenniiz.d in 1S30.

t The "ingenious "Wri^'ht" of Tringle's "Emigrant's Cubin at the Cape," who says in a note " now Dr. Wright, a gentleman of no ordinary acfpiirenients in Biblical erudition, of which he has given a valuable proof in his tr;inshilion of Seiler's 'llermeueutics' with notes. He re- sided for ten years at the Cape in the service of the S.l\(i., and was the only clergyman of the Church of England during my residence there, who was friendly to the freedom, or active in promoting the improvement of the coloured classes."

English Church History in Sonth Africa. 41

tion of Wynberg as the centre of Lis Mission work, it was sarcastically remarked tliat, "being sent to convert tbe heathen, and being a conscientious man, bound by his engagements to direct his efforts where there was most need, he commenced his duties by a i^reference not very comj^li- mentary to this part of the Colony, the summer resort of the fashionables of the Cape." *

Next year another Mission school was established in Capetown for coloured free and slave children, and maintained for some time by Mr. Wright at his own expense.

Lord Charles Somerset on his return to the Colony (December, 1821) proceeded to undo much that the Acting- Governor, Sir Eufane Donkin, had done during his absence. As part of this policy he removed the seat of the Magistracy of Albany from Bathurst to Grahamstown, which was thus raised from a mere military post into an important centre of the Eastern Province. A movement was at once made by the inhabitants to obtain assistance towards building a church. The Governor had anticipated their wishes, and had obtained, when in England, a grant of £500 from the S.P.G. for this purpose. The Government also contributed ; and in July, 1823, tenders were called for by Mr. Eivers, Landdrost of Albany, for the erection of a church at Grahamstown, the present St. George's. The Rev. William Geary was appointed Civil and Military Chaplain (April, 1283), and was furnished with a private list in the Governor's own writing of obnoxious individuals with whom he was cautioned to have no intercourse whatever. f It contained the names of Major Pigott, Messrs. Campbell and D. Moodie, who were supposed to be leaders of the strong opposition which was then arising in the Eastern Province to the arbitrary and unjust acts of the Governor. As is

* " State of the C. G. H. in 1822," p, G4.

t Pringle's " Narrative of a Itesidence in South Africa," p. 307.

4- English ChurcJi History in South Africa.

well known, the many complaints against Lord Charles* administration led to the appointment of a special commis- sion of inquiry to investigate tlie affairs of the Colony. When the Commissioners arrived at Graliamstown (5tli February, 1821), a number of tlie inhabitants assembled and testified their joy b}^ firing off gans and illuminating the town. Mr. Geary's house was one of the first illuminated, and he himself was accused of being out in the streets, cheering the mob most loudly, and swinging his hat over his head in a manner very indecorous (to say no more) in a clergyman.* Mr. Geary denied the truth of these statements, except in so for that his house had been illuminated, and forwarded to the Governor letters from certain inhabitants testifying that the charges against him were false, highly injurious, and scurrilous. The letters were published in the Gazette,\ but at the same time he was reported to the Secretary of State, by whose instructions he was (October, 1824) removed from his clerical employment in the Colony. The Eev. Thomas Ireland, M.A., Military Chaplain in Capetown, was ap- ])ointed Chaplain i>ro tempore at Grahamstown ; and the Eev. Henry Collisou, M.A., who had been residing in the Colony since 1820, became Military Chaj^lain in Capetown. During I\[r. Ireland's brief tenure of the Military Clia2)laincy in Capetown, a set of Altar vessels was 2)rovided for the Garrison Chapel ; the Assistant-Commissary-General calling for tenders for supplying " one chalice or cup to contain a quart (silver), one salver twelve inches in diameter (plated) with silver edge." J These vessels are still preserved, though not now generally used, and the chalice bears tlio inscription : " Ecclcsia) Militari, admodum vcre Anglicano), oppidi Capcnsis, hie calix consccratus est Dig"'". Dom"".

* liCtter ill Gazetle, 21st February, l!^24. t Mmcli i:Uh and 20tli, 1824. X Gazette, 21st February, 1824.

English CJuirch History in South Africa. 43

C. H. Somerset, Praeposito ; Eev. T. Ireland Presbytero, A.D. 1824."

Mr. Wright was among tliose who incurred the Governor's disj)leasure. The Mission school, which he had founded in Capetown and maintained for more than a year at his own expense, was taken out of his hands by the Colonial Govern- ment in October, 1823, and exhibited to the Commissioners of Inquiry as an institution established by the Government itself for the instruction of slave children. Pringle says that this was only one scene of the extraordinary farce which was then performed, and in which several grave functionaries, lay and ecclesiastical, acted the degrading parts assigned to them with a view to mystify the Commis- sioners. Mr. Wright, who was too free of speech to be made a political tool in these disreputable transactions, and who, on the contrary, furnished most useful information to the Commissioners, became an object of bitter persecution. Injury and insult were heaped upon him in the Colony, and he was moreover studiously calumniated to his own Society in England, by whom he was thereupon charged with having formed connections with persons ill-affected to the Church, merely because he kept company and sat in com- mittees with such persons as Dr. Philip and Mr. Fairbairn.

At this time the rising village of Port Elizabeth began to bestir itself to obtain a Church and School. A memorial was addressed by the English inhabitants to the Governor, who promised a school, but regretted that want of funds 2)revented the Government from building a church. A local committee was therefore appointed and a subscription opened for building a church to be used " for mutual accom- modation " by the Church of England in the morning, and by the Dutch in the afternoon.*

The examples of Grahamstown and Port Elizabeth seem at last to have roused the members of the Church in Capc-

* Gazeite, February 20th and 22ik1, 1824.

44 English CJinrch History in South Africa.

town, and *' well-directed zeal seemed disposed to cany into effect the building of a cliurcli and to embrace the S2)lendid offer of pecuniary assistance from the Home Gevernment."" A correspondent wrote at the time : " We rejoice that our Episcopal church, which is hallowed by the highest anti- quity, which stands coeval with the era of national happi- ness, and has descended to us with unbroken veneration, i& about to plant its standard in some eligible spot in this ca2)ital. After a lapse of nearly twenty years' quiet jiosses- sion of this Colony, an indifference to this matter any longer would become highly criminal. The mother-country offers at least £10,000. We trust every facility will be afforded f<u' securing a suitable site, and that private interests will give way to public utility. Above all, it is most satisfac- tory to hear that aj)pro2Driate seat room will be made for the 2)oor and the slave population. If w'e except the slave .school under the sole direction and sujqiort of the Dutch inhabitants, very little religious instruction has as yet been afforded to the slaves in town, but we arc glad that under sober and legitimate direction this important part of the l)oi)ulation will be visited by a paramount good." A churchyard and a school for church education, as well as '• a ring of bells," are also suggested.* An influential committee was appointed (May, 1821), and it was proposed to raise the required sum by letting the pews at an annual ri'iit sufficient to i)ay the interest on the capital borrowed. The i^ews were to be divided into first, second, and third class to accommodate six, four, and three persons at a rent of 50, 40, and oO dollars respectively, or a single sitting of each class 10, 8, or G dollars. It was not deemed requisite to accept any dimations towards the capital. This i)roposal excited considerable attention, and there appeared every readiness on the part of the public to avail itself of the facilities held out. Many, however, regi'ctted that a system

* ^'. A. C. Aih-ertifer, Feb. 25, 1S25.

English C J lurch History in South Africa. 45

of classification was proposed in sucli a way as to confer a sort of heraldic distinction en those whose wealth or power might be uppermost. It was argued that there were many worthy people in Capetown whose wealth was not equivalent to admit them to the scales of degrees, but who were good Church people. Another objection was that no mention was made of free sittings for the poor.* These objections and other circumstances of a painful nature caused the j)ro- posal to be abandoned, and it was not revived until 1827, although the number of Churchmen was rapidly increasing. ^ Hitherto the English clergy and laity had co-operated with the African Bible and Tract Society ; but at a meeting of English Churchmen (30th Aug., 1824) it was resolved that, in order to j^romote among the English population of this Colony a sj)irit of attachment to the Church of Eng- land as by law established, an association be formed under the designation of the Cliurch of England Fraijcr-Booh and Tract SomeUj to distribute gratis, and sell at reduced prices, Prayer-Books and tracts recommended by the S.P.C.K. No test of admission was imposed beyond an annual subscrijD- tion of Eds. 10 or life subscription of Bids. 100 ; and at first Presbyterians joined with Churchmen in the Society ; but in 1827, either through the effects of accident, or because the Presbyterian subscriptions formed a very small amount, the Society was placed upon a new footing, being incorporated as the Cape of Good Hope District Committee

* " A rra,i;-ment of Church History at the Cape of Good Hoi:)e " (Bridckirk, Capetown, 1827), page 59, note. This is a pamphlet, con- taining an account of tlie building of the Scotch Church in Capetown, but the notes give a few circumstances connected with the rise and progress of the English Church in the Colony. It is in the Capetown Library, bound up with a number of other Cape pamphlets.

t At Wynberg the services were still held in the " Cottage Church.'* On the night of the 3rd June, 1824, the Vestry was broken into, and a lawn surplice, a black silk cassock, gown and hood, belonging to Mr. AVright, stolen.

46 English CJuircJi History in South Africa.

of tlic S.P.C.K., and tlius necessarily confined to members of tlie Anglican Cliurcli.

In April, 1825, the Governor granted a plot of ground at Port Elizabeth for the CliurcL, towards tlio building of which subscriptions were being raised throughout the Colony ; and in November the Ecv. F. McClelland was removed from Clanwilliam and appointed Colonial Chaplain at Port Elizabeth.

The other clerical changes of the year arc the arrival ( 2ud May) of the Picv. Edward Judge, M.A., of Trinity College, Cambridge — then in Deacon's Orders — as Master of the Classical School in Capetown ; and the death (lOth August) of the Rev. W. Boardman at Bathurst, the Chap- laincy remaining vacant for three years. During the early part of the year Mr. AYright, the S.P.G. Missionary at Wynberg, made an exploratory tour through the various Missions in Kafirland, perhaps with a view of establishing a Church Mission in those parts.*

The Royal Commissioners of Inquiry presented an elaborate report in 1826, recommending many important and beneficial reforms in matters j)olitical, judicial, and financial : which were not, however, all adopted. Only one of their suggestions need be mentioned here. There existed a sum of upwards of £18,000, known as the Church Fund, which had arisen from bequests and donations, from church collections, from fines and collections formerly made on board Dutch s]iii)s during the voyage to the Cape, from burial fees, jiew rents, fees on the emancipation of slaves, from a tax upon building allotments, and in the district of Uitcnhage from a tax upon licences for cutting timber and for collecting salt. The interest of this fund had hitherto been applied to the support of the poor of the Dutch

* It was durinj^ tlii.s tour tliut lie vihitcJ the Chief I3otina, who asked him if it wn^ from the Bi])le that Englisliinen h.ariit to plunder tlie Kafir.s of their cattle. Mr. Wri'^'ht ac'uiu visited him in 1830.

English Church History in SotUh Africa, 4/'

Church only, but tlie Commissioners considered that, as these funds had been partly raised by taxes levied on the inhabitants generally, the benefit of the fund should no longer be applied to the maintenance of any one church. They therefore recommended that, after appropriating £5000 for the establishment in Capetown of a general infirmary for aged and indigent persons the balance should be placed in the hands of trustees " selected from the clergy of the several Protestant churches " to aid the erection and repairs of churches throughout the Colony ; — £500 being afforded in every instance in ^Yhich a sufficient sum could be raised by the inhabitants, the Government also granting £500 for the object ; — on condition that the church so built should be considered open to the use of either the Ej)iscopal or Presbyterian community, the salary for the clergyman being also granted by Government. This recommendation, it need hardly be said, was not adopted. Capetown and Simonstown are mentioned as places where churches are more particularly required by the English and Scotch inhabitants, but the Commissioners were of opinion that those buildings should be erected by means of subscriptions among the inhabitants themselves, aided by contributions from the Home Government.

The Military Chaplaincy in Capetown had been tem- porarily served since Mr. Ireland's removal to Grahamstown in 1824, but it was now (Oct. 1826) filled by the arrival of the Eev. B. C. Goodison, M.A., who held the appointment until his death in 1832.

48 English Church History in SontJi Africa.

Capetown. miltanj (1807).

IJev. B. C. Goodlson, 182G- 1832.

Colomal (1811). Ptcv. G. Hough, 1817-1847.

SiMONSTOWN (1813).

CHAPTEE YI.

1827-1830. Clerrjy.

I Bathurst (1820).

Vacant 1825-1828. Rev. W. Wright, 1828-1830. Rev. G. S. Porter (acting),

1830-1833.

Wynberg (1821). Rev. W. Wright, 1821-1828. Rev. B, C. Goodison (acting).

Grahamstown (1823). Vacant 1827-1830. Rev. W. Carlisle, 1830-1838.

Port Elizabeth (1825). Rev. F. McClelland, 1825- 1853.

Rev. G. W. 31. Stiu't, 1819-

1830. Rev. C. Wimberley (acting),

1830-1831.

AVe come now to the first attempt to jirovule some sort of episcopal oversight for the (^liurch in South Africa. Since the erection of the See of Calcutta in 1814, two prelates (Bishops Middletpn and Hebcr) had successively undertaken iind Kunk under the disprojiortionatc burden of that vast Diocese, comprising the whole of the Asiatic empire, and extending over 20 degrees of latitude by as many of hnigi- tude.* The Cape of Good Hope was not formally included in this enormous Diocese, but as the Church lierc had never hitherto enjoyed the benefit of any episcopal visit, the Secretary of State for the Colonies (Lord (ioderieh) thought it advisable that (»n the appointment of Bisho]) James a

* In 1823 thcro was fiddt-d 1o tlu; liisliop of Ciileuttii's .Turi.sdictioii *'all places between the Cape of (Jood Hope and 3Iay;<'llan's Straits."

English Church History in South Africa, 49

si^ecial commission should be issued from the Crown autho- rising him to commence his episcopal functions at the Cape.* Official intimation was sent to the Lieutenant- Governor of the proposed visit of the Bishop of Calcutta on his way to India, " for the purpose of conferring con- firmation upon the British youth of the colony," and announced by Government notice in the GazeUc.\ Notices were also issued by the Lauddrosts of the Cape and Stellen- bosch districts inviting the British youths who wished to avail themselves of this opportunity of receiving confirma- tion to give in their names to the Wardmasters or Field- cornets, or at the Lauddrost's oflice ; and to bring certificates from the Ministers of their districts that they were duly qualified to receive such confirmation. The Chaplains in Capetown and Simonstown also fixed days upon which they would be ready to examine candidates.

Bishop James arrived in Table Bay on Monday, 14th October, 1827, accompanied by his Chaplain, Mr. Knapp. On Wednesday, the 18th, several gentlemen met to discuss the proposals for the erection of an English church, to be afterwards submitted to a public meeting. The Bishop was present, and it was resolved to take advantage of the favourable opportunity of the Bishop's presence in the Colony, and open a subscription for the building of a church to hold 1000 persons — three pews being reserved for the Governor, the clergyman, and the churchwardens, and 300 free sittings for the poor. The Bishop stated that the Home Government was willing to sanction the transfer of the ground for a site, and to grant one-half the expense of completing the church ; and that he himself would give £75 from S.P.C.K. funds at his disposal. The building was estimated to cost £10,000, and with the hope of raising the half, subscriptions were to be opened on the following

* " Memoirs of Bishop James," by his son, (Hatcliards, 1830.) t Gazette, August 23 and September 7, 1827.

^o EnglisJi C /lurch History in South Africa.

scale : For i^ews to contain six persons, £25 ; four persons, £20 ; single sittings, £10. The pews were to be granted for twenty-one years from tlie opening of tlie Cliiircb, and renewable for a similar period by the original holder, or his next of kin or representative in the Colony. The Governor was asked to grant a site at once in order that it might be consecrated during the Bishop's stay. There were to be eleven trustees, including the Governor, the Chief Justice, and the Colonial Secretary, the remaining eight to be chosen by the subscribers. A building committee of nine was to be elected by ballot, and the plans of the church were to be approved by the trustees and committee jointly. It was also resolved to apply to the Honourable East India Com- pany for a grant in aid.

On Sunday, 21st October, the Bishop preached at the English service, and on Monday, at 11 a.m., confirmation was administered to 450 persons, including the military and some converts from other Churches. The same afternoon, at 3 o'cloclv, a public meeting was held in the Exchange. The right reverend chairman, after congratulating the meet- ing on its numbers and respectability, spoke of the diffi- culties which had formerly im2)eded the erection of an English church in Capetown, and said it would be wise and decorous for the sake of Christian peace and charity to bury in oblivion all former circumstances of a painful nature ; to make diligent use of the pre.'cut advantages, and look forward with feelings of grateful anticipation to the final accomplishment of a work which well deserved to be near the heart of all who heard him. A feeling existed in England very favourable to the design, and he was instructed by Lord Goderich to mentifjn that if the Colonists showed an anxiety for the object in view, and evinced such a feeling by their subscriptions, the (jroverument were disposed to assist them by laying down an equal sum with that sub- scribed by individuals. Ilis Lordshij) liere read a letter •which he had received from the Lieutenant-Governor rela- tive to the site. He reminded the meeting of the obligations

English CJntrcJi History in South Africa. 51

of the members of the English Church to the Consistory of the Dutch Reformed Church for the use which they had enjoyed during many years of a sanctuary for the perform- ance of divine worship, and in conclusion earnestly exhorted the friends of the English Church to be active and per- severing in their endeavours to promote the chief object of the meeting; and under any event to remain immovably attached to the pure doctrines, ordinances and discipline of the Church of their forefathers and of their native land — that venerable Church, based on the foundation of Christ and His Apostles, watered with the blood of its sainted martyrs, its Cranmers, its Latimers, and its Eidleys ; and defended by such ornaments of the religious world as a Bacon, a Hooker, a Barrow, a Leslie, and a Law.*

The resolutions agreed upon at the private meeting were adopted, and trustees elected, and a subscription list opened, to remain open until November 1st, when a committee was to be elected. On Tuesday, October 23rd, the Bishop con- secrated the site upon which St. George's now stands, as well as the burial ground in the Somerset road, and sailed for Calcutta on the 26th.'|- A fresh difficulty as to the building of the church seems, however to have occurred, and a meeting was called on the 20th November to re-consider the resolutions passed in October ; and although £2,500 had been subscribed, tenders called for, and applications invited for the post of clerk of the works, the scheme fell to the ground for the next two years. J

Mr. Ireland left Grahamstown in October, 1827, and does

* This report is abridged from an unfinished account of the pro- ceedings in the Gazette of November 9th, 1827, sent by a correspondent who signs " A Member of the Church of England." There is also a shorter report in the Z. A. TydscJirift for 1827.

t From the Cape Bishop James also addressed a pastoral letter to the few inhabitants of the island of Tristan D'Acnnha. (Memoirs).

X " We look in vain for the Episcopal Church. Like the Jews of old, her servants seem to take more pleasure in the rubbish and stones of their temple tlian in the perfect structure. A convenient site has

!•: 2

52 Engl is Jl CJiurch History in Sonth Africa

not apjiear to Lave returned,*" so that for some time Mr. McClelland at Port Elizabctli was the sole rejiresenta- tive in the Eastern Province of the English Church. For,. although ]Mr. Wright was aj^pointed Chai)lain at Bathurst in January, 1828, he did not enter upon his duties there until October, 1829, continuing to ofiiciate at Wynberg (and occasionally at Drooge Vlei) ; nor did he make any provision for the discharge of the duties of the chaplaincy which he had accepted, and of which he enjoyed the sti2:)end. Meanwhile, the people of Bathurst themselves were taking steps towards building a church, at a public meeting held in AjDril, 1829.

A third and at last successful ejBfort to build an English church in Capetown was now made. At a public meeting held on the 27th August, 1829, it was resolved that the former scheme of raising money by subscriptions should be relinquislied, and that the sum of £G,250 should be raised in 250 shares of £25 each. This sum, added to the £5,000 granted from the treasury of the Colony, and £820 in hand from former subscriptions and donations, would amount to £12,070, the estimated cost of a building to be called St. George's Church. Directors, and a committee of managers, were appointed, and in a few days all the shares were taken. On the let September, an ordinance, drawn U2> by Mr. Justice Burton, was passed by the Governor and Council (No. 4, local) for authorising a sum to be raised in shares for erecting an English church at Capetown.^ The work of the foundation was at once begun upon the conse-

Lcen granted them, and we sec at last a bridge over the gutter in front, and within the enclosure some rubbish and a few stones. All other clashes have phices of worship. The Episcopalians alone remain lukewarm and drowsy, witliout emulation, slumbering under a borrowed roof." (-S'. A. a Adi, 23id ]\Iay, 182f).)

* Mr. Ireland died in Ceylon, where he was Chaplain tu the Forces^ 20th January, 1S:]2.

f Appendix C.

English Church History in SontJi Africa. 53

crated site, but the formal laying of the foimdation stone did not take place until the following April.

Only two years had elapsed since the visit of Bishop James, and now in the same month his successor in the See of Calcutta, Dr. Turner, arrived in Simon's Bay. The Bishop made but a short stay, arriving with Lord Dalhousie on October 8th and leaving on the 19th. His Lordship preached in the reformed Church in Capetown on Sunday evening, October 11th, to the English congregation, and held a confirmation on Sunday the 18th, when 180 candidates were presented. In less than three years a third Bishop of Calcutta was here. A choir of singers was at this time formed under the new organist, Mr. Corder, and made its first appearance on Christmas Day. But Tate and Brady's metrical Psalms were found to be an obstacle to these iittempts at improving the vocal music, and Juhal in the C G. H. Literavij Gazette (Jan. 1831) suggests that "as we are not under the thumb of any power in this Colony greater than that of our own officiating Chaplain in spiritual matters, a selection of Psalms and Hymns should be made by the Chaplain."*

Even now the building of St. George's was not making much progress, for in February, 1830, the following jeu d'esp'it appeared : —

The Church in danger (of not heuig hiiilt). For shame, for shame episcopalians, Outdone by other pious battalions ! Cliapels, conventicles, and public places, Round Capetown raise their shining faces, Whilst the poor, dear, old Mother Cliurch, Is left completely in the lurch. What is the reason that she stands so still ? Tlie reason's plain — Committee want the will.

Ajien — D.

* Tate and Brady's version continued in use, however, except for a short time during Mr. Lamb's chaplaincy at St. George's in 1S4G-7, until a Hymnal was authorised by the Diocesan Synod of lSo7.

54 English ChiircJi History in South Africa.

The reason for the delay ^yas a clisjnite as to the plan. The original design by Mr. Atkinson was set aside by the Committee on the grounds of being objectionable as an archi- tectural design, and as not affording sufficient accommodation without running a gallery too near the middle of the church.* The Committee therefore accepted another design drawn by Mr. Skirrow, Government architect, under the direction of Col. Bell, and on St. George's day, 23rd April, 1S30, the foundation stone was solemnly laid by Sir Lowry Cole, with masonic honours, all the clergy who took part in the proceedings being Free Masons, and Mr. Hough Provincial Grand Chaplain. A triumphal arch, from which the banner of St. George floated, was erected at the principal entrance to the site and the streets through which the pro- cession was to pass were lined with troops. At 11.30 a service was held in the Dutch Church, where prayers were said by the Eev. F. Fallows and an appropriate sermon preached by Mr. Hough from Job xxxviii. 4, 5, 6. The pro- cession then formed to the site in the following order : —

The Bands of the 98th and 72nd Regiments.

The Brethren of the Masonic Lodges, some 400 in number.

Masonic officials bearing banners, lights, corn, oil, and wine, Masonic emblems, &c.

The Ministers and elders of the several Churches in Cai)etown.

Government officials. H.E. the Governor and stuff.

On arriving at the grounds the anthem " When earth's foundation first was laid " was sung, and a prayer offered by Mr. Hough, after which the stone was laid with the usual ceremonies. The silver trowel used by tlie Governor bore this inscription, engraved by Major Mitchell, Surveyor- General : — " This trowel was used in laying the foundation

* Com. Adv. March 13. IMr. Atkinsoii'a design is defended by a correspondent, March 24.

English CJiurcJi History in SontJi Africa. 55

stone of the Englisli Episcopal Cliurcl], Capetown, dedicated to S. George, on the 23d April, 1830, by H.E. Sir G. L. Cole, K.C.B., &c. &c., to whom it was afterwards presented by the Hon. Sir J. A. Truter, Kt., Provincial Grand-Master for South Africa, in the name of himself and the Brethren of the Provincial Grand Lodge of the Ancient and Honour- able Fraternity of Free and Accepted Masons of England." On the plate deposited in the cavity of the stone was this inscription : — Deo opt : max : hunc primum lapidem Templi in usum ecclesisB inter Colonos Anglicanse, Sancto Georgio, dedicati posuit Honorab. G. L. Cole, G.C.B., Eques, Pro- vinci?e Bonte Spei Praefectus, assidentibus Judice hujus Provincise Supremo, Scriba Eebus publicis proeposito, Sacerdote hujus ecclesiae Primario, cum amplissimo fratrum Latomorum comitatu, Plaudente etiam non indecoro gaudio magna j)opuli frequentia. a.d. IX Kal. Mai. Anno Domini MDCCCXXX, Auspic. Georg. IV annum jam undecimum Britt. et Hib. Eegnantis." On the reverse : — " Hujus operis civibus commodissimi, advenis gratissimi, Praeclaro huic urbi ornamento, omnibus qui ad pium laborem exi- gendum operam praestiterunt Honori ac prsemio habendi, Tantopere sed heu ! tam diu sperati, tandem incepti, Deo Laus et Gloria."* The newspaper report adds that this spectacle was perhaps one of the most imposing sights ever witnessed at the Cape. The popularity of the measure, which had from various causes been procrastinated from year to year, now that it was in reality about to be accom- plished seemed to infuse itself into all classes of the inhabitants ; and this circumstance combined with the fine- ness of the day and its being a public holiday, drew together a larger assemblage of persons than was ever witnessed before. At the same time the name of the street was, at the request of the Trustees, changed by the Governor from Bergh Street (which must not be confounded with the neigh-

* S. A. Com. Adv., 28th April, 1830.

56 English CluircJi History in South Africa.

boiiving BiiYQ Street) to St. George's Street. The sum of i:164 had been expended ui)on digging the foundations ; and the cost of hiving the foundation stone, including coins, silver plate, and box, was £18. In September the trustees entered into a contract for the erection of the church, to seat 1100 or 1200 persons for £12,000, exclusive of enclosure, gates, bells, and organ, but including " pulpit, reading and clerk's desk, and the whole work of the altar (s/f), including lining at the back of the same."

At Grahamstown the church, also St. George's, was com- l^leted and used for Divine Service,* the Rev. W. Carlisle, M.A., being appointed Chaplain. The church at Port Elizabeth was yet unfinished. The walls were up and. had hitherto braved the storm, the money having been furnished by private subscription and a loan from the Orphan Chamber f but the temporary church was becoming too small for the increasing English congregation, and the Committee made a public appeal for the small sum of £103, whicli added to available funds would enable them to roof the church, and put it in a fit state for Divine worship at a cost of £1043^ exclusive of glazing.

Among other noteworthy events of the year (1830) is the opening of a new organ in the Dutch Church on Sunda}^, July 11th. At the English Church Services, on tliis occasion, the music was rendered by (in addition to the organ) the band of the 72nd Regiment and a choir of gentlemen. The anthem, specially composed by the organist, Mr. Corder, was from the 98th Psalm, and Mr. Hough preached from the text, 2 Chron. v. 13.

Mr. Judge had been appointed Professor of Classics at the South African College upon its foundation in 1829 ; but,

* Tho cliurcli pliitc was stolen rmt ot'tlio clmich i]i ^Iiircli, but was afterwards recovered. A correspondent complains that the front seats, the rents of which were £2 5<i., were occupied by the rank and fashion, while the back seats (£J lOy.) were given up to the canaille.

English Church History in Sonth Africa. 57

in conscqueuce of a resolution of the Council not to allow religious instruction to be given, he resigned in August, 1830, and established a private Grammar School in Capetown.

Several clerical changes took place. Mr. Sturt, Chaplain at Simonstown, died in September, and his post was tempo- rarily filled by Rev. Charles Wimberley, of the Bengal Establishment. Towards the end of the year the Eev. Dr. Holt Okes, arrived and the Eev. John Fry, Chaplain of H.M.S. Maidstone, aj)pears as occasionally ofiftciating for the Colonial Clergy at Stellenbosch and Clanwilliam. It has been mentioned that Mr. Wright, S.P.G. Missionary at Wynberg, had accepted the Chaplaincy at Bathurst, but did not enter its duties until October, 1829. His residence at Bathurst was of short duration, and was moreover broken by an absence, during which he visited several military outposts upon the frontier. From a draft of the report prepared by him for the Colonial Government at the close of 1829, it appears that he had up to that time admininistered Holy Communion but once at Bathurst, and once at Port Frances (now Port Alfred). Yet in that report he expressed an opinion that the influence of the Wesley an body had declined in his parish, an opinion which is imper- fectly borne out by the facts ; for there v/ere at that time five Wesleyan Chapels within the parish, and steps were being taken to build a sixth in the village of Bathurst itself, with a Mission House adjoining. In March, 1830, Mr. Wright left Bathurst for Capetown in order to be married, and did not return, but made arrangements with the Rev. George Shepheard Porter, M.A. — a clergyman then on a visit to the Cape for his health — to become his locum icnens while he proceeded to Ed gland on leave of absence. On the expiration of that leave the Governor, Sir Lowry Cole, wrote to the Secretary of State for the Colonies expressing disapprobation of Mr. Wright's conduct, and Mr. Wright was required either to give a satisfactory

58 EnglisJi ChurcJi History in SontJi Africa.

explanation of liis absence from liis duties after the exjnra- tion of his leave, or to resign his office. He chose the latter alternative, hut applied for an appointment elsewhere. To this the rejily ^Yas that Lord Goderieh accepted his resigna- tion, but could hold out no hope that he would ever be employed in connexion with the Colonial Department again. These are the real facts of the case, the opposite side of which has been stated with partizan warmth by his friend Pringle, who says* :— " The S.P.G., instead of affording due encouragement and support to their African Missionary gave ready reception to secret calumnious rei)orts from the most im23ure sources (through whatever channels conveyed), and acted upon them in preference to the favourable state- ments of the upright General Bourke, who became the warm friend of Dr. Wright, and made arrangements for the dis- charge of his duties upon the frontier. The S.P.G., how- ever, not only discountenanced those arrangements after they had received the sanction of the Secretary of State, but treated Dr. Wright with such injustice that being at the same time assailed with violent popular prejudice in the Colony on account of liis opinions in favour of the coloured race, he returned to England in 1830. Here, unable to obtain either redress or investigation, and treated by the managers of the Society with the most supercilious disregard, he had no alternative but to resign his Colonial ajipoint- ments." Mr. Wright was undoubtedly a man of consider- able literary attainments, besides his translation of Seiler's Hermeneutics, he published in 1831 a comprehensive treatise on " Slavery at tlie Cape of Good Hope ; " he is also said to have had some share with ]\Ir. Fairbairn and Dr. Philip in bringing about tlio enactment of the famous protective Ordinance, No. 50, of 1828. He was a good preacher, and his University (Dublin) conferred upon him the degree of

* l»oetical Works f.f T. Prin-U', kc, London, Moxon, 1S38, 8vo., note to the " Emi'Taiit'.s Ciibin."

English Church History in South Africa. 59

LL.D. But he was charged by many with being in private life careless, in discreet, and imin-ovident. He was deeply involved in debt when he left the Colony, and his library was sold under legal process to satisfy a preferrent creditor.* Moreover, his conduct in delaying so long to enter upon the duties of the Chaplaincy which he had accepted at Bathurst, or to make provision for their discharge, cannot be defended. Mr. Porter, who became locum tenens at Bathurst, and occupied that post for upwards of three years, was possessed of private means, and generously devoted the whole of his income as Chaplain to the building of the church at that 2>lace.

* Summons by Edict, 183G. Sale 1st June, 1839 (Gazette). Dr. Wright afterwards held a Chaplaincy on the Continent, but seems to have spent the latter part of his life in London, where he died about thirty years ago.

6o English Church History in South Africa.

CHAPTEK VII.

1S31-1835.

CArETOWX.

WiUtanj (1807).

Kev. B. C. Goodison, 182G-

1832. Eev. H. G. P. Cooke, 1832. Eev. E. J. Burrow, D.D.

(acting), 1832-1834. Eev. G. Hough and E. Judge

(acting), 1834-1840.

Colonial (1811). Eev. G. Hougb, 1817-1847.

SiMONSTOWN (1813).

Eev. C. Wimberley (acting),

1830-1831. Eev. H. Eraser, 1831-1839.

Bathurst (1820). Eev. G. S. Porter (acting),

1830-1833.

Wtnberg (1821). Eev. E. Judge (acting),

1832-1835. Eev. Holt Okes, D.D., 1834-

1847.

GllAIIAMSTOWX (1823). Eev. W. Carlisle, 1830-1838.

Port Elizabeth (1825). I Eev. F. McClelland, 1825-

1 1853.

I

EONDEBOSCH (1834).

Eov. E. Judge, 1834-1840.

In July, 1831, the Eev. Henry Eraser, B.A., of Trinity College, Duldin, was ajjpointed Chaplain at Simonstown ; and in the same month the Eev. Ecaron Fallows, A.E., died in Capetown on the eve of his return to Europe.

We notice now some slight increase of activity in church building. The S.P.C.K. had placed a sum of £2,000 at the disposal of the Governor (Sir L. Colo) for furthering tho religious interests of tlie Colony, according to a mode of appropriation recommended l)y him and ajiproved by tho

English Church History in South Africa. 6i

Society. The building of St. George's, Capetown, was j^ro- gressing, the instalments upon the shares being called up in regular order ; and subscription lists were oj)ened for an organ and a peal of bells, — £154 for the former and £40 for the latter having already been promised by Capt. Fair- fax and his friends. At Bathurst it was resolved at a public meeting held on the 14th September, 1831, to raise a sum of money by shares for building a church, and in June, 1832, the Bathurst Church ordinance was passed, authorizing the sum of £520 to be raised in 104 shares of £5 each, which, added to the grants of £250 from the Colonial Treasury and £250 or £300 from the S.P.C.K. would amount to £1,000, the estimated cost of the building.

A church was also being built at Rondebosch, and on the 16th July a meeting was held at Wynberg to consider the question of building a church, and tenders were called for (Oct. 29). At St. George's Capetown, it was proi)osed to substitute teakwood for painted deal pews at an additional cost of £393, and to lay the floor in deal instead of in Cape bricks. The burial ground in Somerset Eoad was also enclosed with a wall, the stone for which was furnished gratis from the Government quarries.

The Eev. B. C. Goodison, Military Chaplain in Cape- town and acting Chaplain at Wynberg, had died after a lingering illness in February, 1832 ; and the Eev. H. G. Pauncefoote Cooke, B.A., who had been some time in the Colony, became acting Military Chaplain, and Mr. Judge was appointed acting Chaplain at Wynberg, both being in Deacon's Orders only. The Eev. John Heavyside, from the Mauritius, described as " Minister and Missionary " was holding services at Stellenbosch and other country places near Capetown.

During the year 1832 there was a third visit from a Bishop of Calcutta. On the consecration of Bishop Daniel Wilson the usual commission was issued to enable him to

-62 English Church History in South Africa.

discharge his episcopal fuoctloiis at the Cape ; he was also authorized to hold au Ordination under letters dimissory from the Bishop of London, and wrote to give notice of his intention to call at the Cape on his voyage to India. But on his arrival in Table Bay on the 31st August, 1832, it appeared that the despatches forwarded a mouth before he sailed had not yet been received, and the Bishop was not expected. He was, however, warmly welcomed by the Governor and leading inhabitants, and arrangements were at once made for the ten days of his contemplated stay. On Sunday, 2nd September, the Bishop preached at the morning service * in the Dutch Church and administered the Holy Communion to nearly two hundred communicants. He also visited the Sunday Schools, and the next day examined all the schools in Capetown, amongst them Lady Frances Cole's newly founded School of Industry. Tuesday was given to business and the settlement of some matters in the Colony by no means free from embarrassment; and on Wednesday the Bishop consecrated the ground on which the church was being built at Rondebosch, and the sites of the proposed church and burial-ground at Wynbcrg. Tlie temporary cottage church at Wynberg was little better than a small barn ; but on tliis occasion all the celebrities of Capetown crowded into it and listened to a sermon, which at their particular request was afterwards written out and left behind for publication.! On Thursday the Bishop attended a meeting of the District Committee of the Society for Promoting Christian Knowledge, and also sj)oke at a public

* His text was Col. iii. 11, and the sermon is described by tlie Kcv. B. Shaw, wlio was i)rcscut, as " truly cvaii.i^elical." "■ ^Memorials of ■South Africa," p. 201.

t The Digniiy o/ J'uhlir'M'onhip. — A seniiou delivered at AVynber-x, Cape of Good ]Ioi)c, on the occasion of consecrating grounds as sites for a church and churchyard at that j)lace, by Daniel, Bishop of Calcutta. Printed and published l>y (ieorge Greig, Keizer^grachf, ■Capetown, Svo., i>p. 27, 18:]3.

English Church History in South Africa. 6^

meeting in reply to an Address wliicli was presented to him. Meanwhile the examination of two candidates for priest's orders— the Eev. E. Judge, M.A., of Trinity College, Cambridge, and the Kev. G. P. Cooke, B.A., of Exeter College, Oxford — had been progressing from day to day, «,nd on Friday the results were submitted to the BishojD. The vim voce examination followed, and, all being deemed satisfactory, Sunday was fixed for the Ordination. On the intervening day Simonstown was visited. All there was in holiday trim, — the shops shut up, the sliijDS and public buildings decorated with flags ; and, in a little meeting- house rented by the Government for £50 per annum, the Bishop performed his first real episcopal act. The whole community assembled, the admiral was present, the Governor had ridden over in the morning, whilst the Bishop confirmed sixty-six young persons, and afterwards preached from Eomans xii. 1. Many were affected to tears, and the Governor begged for a copy of the sermon for his private use. After the service steps were taken for the erection of a church. A letter was addressed to the Admiralty, and subscriptions commenced, which found the Bishop a ready contributor.

Some necessary alterations were required to adapt the only building available — the Dutch Church — for the pur- poses of an Ordination ; these were willingly allowed, and on Sunday, September 9th, the first Anglican Ordination was held in South Africa, under a special commission from the Bishop of London. Every part of the large building was crowded to excess. The Ordination sermon was jDreached by the Bishop himself from the address of S. Paul to the elders of the Church at Ephesus, and the two deacons were admitted to the priesthood with the usual impressive services. In the afternoon the Bishop addressed the children of the Sunday School. Monday was the last day, and though much pressed to prolong his stay, the wind was too fair and fickle to render it expedient, and a communication

64 EiiglisJi Church History in South Africa.

from the captain tlecicled tlie don1)t in the negative. At lialf- past nine in tlie morning, therefore, Confirmation was administered to two hundred and forty candidates, many of them cdd and greyheaded. " An aftccting farewell address followed, closing the religions services of the visitation ; and then, Avith many tears, they bade llie Bishop God-speed, and accompanied him to tlie r,liip. The good savour of his visit lonf' remained. Three hundred persons confirmed, two sites for church and churchyards consecrated, four sermons preached, Holy Communion twice celebrated, an Ordination held, a public meeting addressed, schools examined, pastoral letters to distant stations written, many valuable friends made, some charity dispensed, and a whole box of books left behind for gratuitous presentation. The ten days thus passed, were, lie says, amongst the most happy of his life, from ' the relief, the contrast, the unexpectedness, the wide scenes of usefulness presented, and the spiritual blessings vouchsafed.' " ^

A correspondent at this time complains of the noisy and discordant way in which the Sun-^Iay Scliool boys resi)ond, and appeals to the congregation to assist in singing the Psalms. A handsome silver service of Communion plate was presented to the English Church in Capetown by Mr. Francis CoUison, and used for the first time on Christmas Day, 1832.

In 1833 the Church lost a true friend in Sir Lowry Cole,t who resigned the Governorship of the Colony. Numerous addresses were presented to him on leaving, among them onel from the " Minister and Trustees of the English Episcopal Church of S. George, Capetown," in which they say : —

* "Life of r.ishop Wilson," by Ilcv. J. Batcman. (:Muvray8, 1860, 2 vols. 8vo., vol. i. p. 301), from which most of tlic •btaild of this visit are taken.

t Sir L. Cole resided at the present Bishop's Court, then called Bosohheuvcl, the property of the Maynier family, and by him named Proten.

X Government Gazette, Sept. 1833.

English Chitrch History in So7ith Africa. 65

"It devolves upon us in an especial manner, as the natural organ of conveying to your Excellency a declara- tion of the sentiments of a numerous and increasing body of persons in the communion of the English Episcopal Church established in this place, to seize the opportunity now presented to us, for submitting our sincere acknowledg- ments of the favourable attention and readiness to comply with our wishes and suggestions, that have always marked the series of your Excellency's official steps and corre- spondence in relation to that cause, which is the cause of good sense and rational piety, and interwoven with interests most dear to us, as Britons and as men ; and we gladly, Sir, confess, — a confession based on known and local facts, that if the dignity as well as the usefulness of that branch of our pure and scriptural Church in this Colony, and the due celebration, in any adequate and effective measure, of the ordinances of public worship, according to her ritual and discipline, may be henceforth assured to us, such benefits are to be mainly attributed, under God's blessing, to the determination manifested in the earliest days of your Excellency's rule, and subsequently followed up by corre- sj)onding action, to promote the erection of a fit sanctuary at the seat of Government wherein we might worship) our Creator and Redeemer in conformity to the custom of our fathers. To a heart like yours, Sir, the remembrance of this good deed must ever be a source of genuine pleasure. And by us, and by our children after us, it will be grate- fully recorded as an honour to your name, when your mortal remains lie mouldering in the oblivion of the grave."

In his reply the Governor speaks of the gratification which the recollection affords of having had it in his j)Ower to " assist in the fulfilment of so laudable a desire as the erection in Capetown of a fit sanctuary for the performance of Divine service, and that the handsome building now in progress was commenced (I wish I could add finished) dur- ing my administration of the Government of the Colony."

F

66 English Church History in South Africa.

He attributes the merit of tlie undertaking to tlie unwearied and persevering zeal of tlie Chief Secretary, Col. Bell, to whom thanks are due for the erection of St. George's Church, " which will, I trust, long bear testimony to his industry and good taste." His Excellency concludes : — " I may be here permitted to dwell with satisfaction on the high and flattering confidence bestowed on me by the venerable Society for Promoting Christian Knowledge, in leaving at my dis- posal so liberal a donation as £2,000 for the purpose of building schools and churches in the Colony, enabling mo thereby to assist the laudable exertions of our brethren in the other districts of the Colony in erecting suitable places of worship."

The Wynberg Church Ordinance was passed in November to authorize the raising of the sum of £750 in 150 shares of £5 each, to meet the S.P.C.K. grant of £150 and donations, which would bring the amount up to £1,500, the estimated cost of building a church on the site given by the Governor, and lately consecrated by the Bishop of Calcutta. About the same time the present church at Simonstown was begun, to replace the old church which had fallen to ruin.

Dr. Wright had at last been compelled to resign the Chaplaincy of Bathurst, and the Kev. J. Barrow was ap- pointed to succeed him (15th May, 1833). The Military Cliaplaincy in Capetown was, for some years after the death of Mr. Goodison in 1831, only temporarily filled by acting appointments of the colonial or of visiting clergy : from March, 1832, until March, 1834, it was held by the Kev. E. J, Burrow, D.D., who had arrived at the Cape on a visit in 1831. Among other clerical visitors during the year 1833 was the Von. Dr. Robinson, Archdeacon of Madras, who preached a scriiK^n on Feb. 17 in aid of the Lower Infant School, but although there was a crowded congregation the amount of collection was only £18.

The newly appointed Governor, Sir Benjamin D'Urban, on arriving in the Colony in 1831, had instructions to intro-

English Church History in South Africa. 6^

duce several social and political changes, involving reforms in tlie Supreme Court of Justice, and the creation of a Legislative Council ; the abolition of slavery now also took effect. At the same time a scheme of retrenchment was introduced by the Home Government, and the salaries of several officials reduced, among them being that of the senior Colonial Chaplain in Capetown, which was reduced from £700 to £600 a year.

The newly built church at Eondebosch* was opened for Divine service on the 17th February, and the Kev. E. Judge appointed acting Chaplain (1st March, 1834). The Wynberg Church would also have been opened this year, but it was washed away by heavy rains in July, before the roof was finished. The Kev. Dr. Holt Okes was aj)pointed to act as Chaplain at Wynberg provisionally until His Majesty's pleasure was known (30 Oct., 1834), and this provisional arrangement continued for many years.

St. George's, Capetown, was approaching completion, and a meeting of shareholders was held in October, for the j^ur- pose of balloting for priority in the choice of pews. At last, on St. Thomas's Day, 21st Dec, 1834, St. George's Church was opened for Divine service, after the members of the Church in Capetown had been indebted to the Dutch congregation for twenty-seven years for the use of a building

* This, though also called St. Paul's, was not the present St. Paul's, Rondebosch, but a smaller church, afterwards used as the chancel. A grandiloquent advertisement of the Rustenburg estate (183G) speaks of " the beautiful village church of Eondebosch raising its sacred head above the surrounding woods, and from its belfry pouring forth the solemn yet pleasing sound of the church-going bell." The site upon which the church was built appears to have been formerly a location of coloured squatters, for in a sermon preached at the fifth anniversary (1839) by the Eev. H. Fraser, he contrasts the j^rescnt condition of the spot with what it was a few years past, " a receptacle for the veriest outcasts — a scene whereon the wretched aboriginal steeped himself in all those vices which he had learned from the ungodly stranger, a place loathsome to the eye and offensive to the ear, &c."

F 2

6S English Church History in South Africa.

for public worship. Mr. Shaw, the "Wcsleyan missionary, thus notices the event :* — " The Rev. G. Hough preached an eloquent and impressive sermon to a crowded assembly, and the school children surrounding the organ sang delightfully. The building is elegant and spacious, affording ample accommodation for the poor, and no longer can the English inhabitants complain for want of a suitable place for public devotion. When the Son of Man shall come in His glory, and all nations shall stand at His bar, then

" jMay it before tlie world appear, That crowds were born to glory here ! "

The church, which had bsen five years in building, had cost up to this time £10,000, but its final and total cost was considerably more, and for many years there remained a debt of £7.000 upon it. About the same time that St. George's, Capetown, was being opened for Divine worship, its namesake at Grahamstown was being fortified with wagons and artillery to serve as a magazine and storehouse for ammunition, and as a j)lace of refuge in case of need for the wives and children of the unfortunate frontier settlers, who had been driven from their homes by the outbreak of the disastrous Kafir war which closed the year. The Colony continued in a very unsettled and depressed state through- out the whole year 1835 in consequence of the Kafir war then raging, and the distress and destitution to which the inhabitants of the frontier districts had been suddenly re- duced, their direct losses being estimated at nearly £290,000. Naturally, theref >re, Church matters were almost at a stand- still, the only event worthy of record during the year being the visit of Dr. Daniel Corrie, first Bishop of ]\[adriis, who arrived on Sept. 7th, and held a confirmation in St. George's — the first episcopal function exercised in that church — on Friday, Sept. 11th, at 11 a.m., and sailed again for his Diocese on the 13th.

" *' ]Memoirs of Soutli Africa," hy IIcv. B. Shaw, 1811, p. 218.

English Chw'ch History in South Africa. 6g

CHAPTER VIII.

1836—1840.

Capetown.

Militanj (1807).

Eev. E. Judge (acting),

1834-1810. Rev. T; A. Blair (acting), 1840-1841.

Clergy.

Gkahamstown (1823).

Rev. W. Carlisle, 1830-1838. Rev. J. Heavyside, 1838- 1861.

Poet Elizabeth (1825).

Rev. F. McClelland, 1825- 1853.

RONDEBOSCH (1834).

Rev. E. Judge, 1834-1840. Rev. J. Fry, 1840-1861.

Colonial (1811). Rev. G. Hough, 1817-1847.

SiMONSTOWN (1813).

Rev. H. Eraser, 1831-1839. Rev. E. Judge, 1840-1872.

Bathurst (1820).

Rev. J. Barrow, 1833-1874. ^\^;. J'. '^' ^^^^^^•«' ^•^•^-

Missionary.

Wynberg (1821). Ptev. E. Owen, C.M.S. Mis-

Rev. Holt Okes, 1834-1847. sionary.

The Blue Book for the year 1836 gives the following statistics of the English Church in South Africa at this time. The extent of the parish of St. George's, Capetown, is estimated at nine and a half square miles, with a popula- tion (presumably of Church people only) of 3,800. The church would contain 1,150 people, and the average Sunday congregation was 950. The value of the living is set down at £600. Besides the Sunday services in the church, the children of the English poor, free blacks, and others, were

70 English Church History in South Africa.

catechized every Sunday afternoon in the adjoining Government school. The extent of the parish of Wynberg was 2,584: square miles, comprising the whole of the Capo Division, with a population of 1,050. The living was worth £80 a year, and the church, which would contain 150 peo2)le, had an average attendance of 120. At Simonstown, where service was held in the Wesleyan ChajDcl, the popu- lation was 1,309, tlie usual congregation 250, and the income £350, besides which the Chaplain had an allowance of £52 a year from the Koyal Navy. At Port Elizabeth, out of a population of 1,028, and with a church which would contain 400, the ordinary Sunday attendance was only 100. St. George's, Grahamstown, would contain 700 people out of the population of 4,800, and had generally a congregation of 420 ; while Bathurst, with a population of 1,300, had a church which would contain 300, but one-third of which only was ordinarily filled. The income of each of the three last-named places was £200 a year. In September, an evening service — which had been discontinued since the days of Dr. Halloran in 1811 — was begun at St. George's, Capetown, and seems to have been very well attended, especially by the i^oorer classes. A newspaper corre- spondent,* however, complains of improper characters being jillowed to occupy the same free seats as the virtuous ! Another takes exception, with more reason, to an advertise- ment of a special sermon to be preached by Mr. Hough on the 21st of February, on behalf of the S. A. Infant Schools ; the advertisement announcing that " it is tbe intention of H.E. the Governor and Lady D'Urban to be present," as if with the object of drawing a fuller congregation. Another correspondent laments the absence of the English Church Clergy from the annual meeting in Capetown of the L.M.S., and of the Church's neglect to aid in the spread of the Gospel among the heathen in this land. An attempt to

* ,S'. A. Com. AiJr., ])fissiin, 183G.

English Church History in South Africa. yi

remove this last well-deserved reproach was made in the following year. Capt. Allen Gardner, an enthusiastic Missionary pioneer, having travelled through Natal, on his return to England induced the Church Missionary Society to establish a Mission among the Zulus, then ruled by the notorious tyrant, Dingaan. The Eev. Francis Owen, M.A., was selected for the work, and with his wife, sister, and Miss Williams, accompanied Capt. Gardner to Natal ; his parting instructions (which are of very great interest) from the parent Society being dated 8th November, 1836.* During the stay of the Mission party in Capetown, on their way to Natal, a public meeting was held in the Commercial Exchange (15th March, 1837), at which the Governor pre- sided, to establish a branch of the Church Missionary Society in South Africa. The following resolution was adopted : " That this meeting fully recognises the duty incumbent on Christians to employ all suitable means of propagating the Gospel throughout the world, and hails with thankfulness to the Great Head of the Church the labours of the C.M.S. in its various stations in heathen lands, and among decayed Christian Churches." An asso- ciation was formed, entitled the Cape of Good Hope Church Missionary Association, with the Governor as President ; Vice-Presidents, Col. Bell, Judge Kekewich, Dr. Murray, Eevs. G. Hough and H. Eraser; Treasurer, Mr. Gierke Burton ; Secretaries, Eev. E. Judge and Mr. W. Buchanan.f There seemed every prospect that the Association would flourish. In May the donations exceeded £100, and the promised annual subscriptions amounted to £80. But for some reason this newly aroused interest in Missions soon flagged, and the Capetown Association held no anniversary meeting, and presented no report for more than two years.

* These instructions are puLlishcJ in full in the S. A. Com. Adv. April, 1837.

t S. A. Com Adv., March, 1837.

72 E^iglish ChnrcJi History in Sojith Africa.

IVIeanwliile Mr. Owen's Mission party had settled at Natal, and had been allowed by Dingaan to establish them- selves near Ungungunhlovi, the Chief's " great place " or capital, on the White Imfolosi Kiver. Mr. Owen became the medium of communication between Dingaan and the emigrant Boers, and assisted in drawing up the treaty by •which Natal was professedly granted to the Boers ; but soon after (4th Feb., 1838) he and his fellow-workers were witnesses of the dreadful scene of the treacherous massacre of Eetief and his companions by the Zulus. The Mission party sat in their hut expecting every moment to share the fate of the unfortunate Boers, in expectation of which 3Ir. Owen read the 91st Psalm and offered earnest prayers of commendation to God ; but Dingaan sent them word that they need not fear, the farmers were being killed because they were wizards, and intended to kill him.* On the following Sunday, however, Mr. Owen was dragged before the king and his councillors, and charged with speaking evil of the king, and using enchantments against him in his prayers. Eventually, the whole Mission party was allowed to depart, and escaped, with only their bedding and the clothes they had on, in a wagon with sick oxen to Port Natal (D'Urban), which place it took them six weeks to reach. Subsequently, when Dingaan marched upon the settlement at D'Urban, the Mission party was among those who escaped on board a small vessel named the Comet to Delagoa Bay, and thence to Port Elizabeth.

We now return to tlio events of the year 1837 from which wo have digressed in order to give a continuous account of

* Loiter from How V. Owen to Rev. F. McCk-llantl, dated from Natal, 13tli ]\Iarcli, J 838. Also INIr. Owen's Journal, pnljlishcd in tlio Capetown papers, 18o8. The O. F. S. Monthhj Magazine, \o\. i., No, 2, contains a narrative of the events, contributed by the last surviving witness of the raa.sBacre, INIiss "Williams, afterwards IMrs. Bird, who died in the Free .State in 1882.

English Church History in South Africa. 73

the ill-fated attempt to establish a Mission among the Zulus.

On Sunday, the 30th July, 1837, the new church at Simonstown was opened for Divine service, the officiating clergy being Eevs. H. Eraser, Colonial Chaplain, C. Camp- bell, Chaplain to H.M.S. Tlialia, and E. B. Boyes, H.E.I.C.S. The sermon was preached by Mr. Boyes from Ps. Ixxx. 1. The attendance was very large and the collection amounted to £35. It will be remembered that the original church at Simonstown, St. George's — the first English church built in the Colony — had fallen down in 1819 ; service was then held in " an upj)er chamber " of the mast-house in the dock- yard until 1881, when the Colonial Government hired the Wesleyan Chapel at £50 per annum. Bishop Wilson in visiting Simonstown in 1832 had urged the building of a church, which was now completed at a cost of £1,800, for the most part raised by private subscriptions. Erom the date of its opening this church was designated St. Erances,* being (one may suppose) the only Anglican Church so dedicated, and probably owing this unique designation to an implied compliment to Lady Erances Cole, her name ajDpearing on the first list of subscribers with a donation of £10. There was, too, the precedent of St. Frances Bay and Cape S. Erances in South African geography.

On the 19th June, 1837, a public meeting was held at what is now called the village of Sidbury to take steps for the building of a church between Assegai Bush and the Bushman's River in the division of Albany. Mr. McClelland

* St. Frances, widow, foundress of the Order of the Collatincs at Eome, born 1384, died 1440, was canonized by Tope Paul V. in 1G08, and is commemorated in the Roman Chnrch on March 9th. It is of her that the beautiful and suggestive legend is related that, being at her devotions, she was called away four times for some trivial domestic duty in beginning the same verse of a Psalm ; and on returning the fifth time found that verse written in letters of gold.

74 English CJnirch History in South Africa.

of Port Elizabeth was in the chair, and it was resolved that the services of a clergyman of the Church of England should be secured, but it was indispensable that he should have a knowledge of Dutch. It was dui-ing the same year that St. George's Church, Grahamstown, which had hitherto been the absolute property of the Government, was handed over to a Church Committee, on condition that they should put a new roof upon the church and keep it in repair. In this Committee the management of the church was vested until the passing of the Ordinance for authorizing the appointment of a vestry and churchwardens for St. George's Church, Grahamstown, in 1839.

During the year 1837 two attempts were made at legisla- tion, which as affecting the Church must here be noticed. The first was a well-meant but mistaken attempt to enforce the better observance of the Lord's Day throughout the Colony, by means of an Ordinance introduced into the Legislative Council by the Governor, Sir Benjamin D'Urban, and passed on the 23rd of August. The Ordi- nance made it penal — with rare exceptions — to trade, deal, or carry on any handicraft ; to cut or carry wood ; to engage in any ordinary field labour; or to discharge any firearm upon the Lord's Day, under penalty of a fine not exceeding £3, nor less than 5s., or of imjirisonment for a jieriod not exceeding fourteen days. There were also provisions against public gambling, fighting, or playing at any game, under penalty of the same fine, with the alternative of four- teen days' hard labour or twenty-five lashes. Considerable opposition was roused, especially to the clause which sub- jected offenders to the j^unishmcnt of flogging, and a memorial, condemning the Ordinance and jiraying for its repeal, was signed by a number of influential persons, in spite of a notice from the Capetown Scottish Kirk Session, \varning all j^ersons in its communion that it would con- sider signing the memorial as eciuivalent to a public pro-

English Church History in South Africa. 75

fession of infidelity, and exliorting all Christians to refuse their signatures.^ Proposals for amending and repealing certain clauses were introduced into the Council, and even- tually the Ordinance was repealed, and other more liberal provisions made instead thereof by Ordinance No. 1 of 1838, which is still in force.

The other attempt at legislation was in an entirely differ- ent direction, and, had it been successful, would have degraded Holy Matrimony into a purely civil contract. It was an Ordinance proposed by the Governor to the Legisla- tive Council for consolidating and amending the Laws of Marriage in the Colony, by repealing all former legislation and existing laws on the subject, and constituting purely secular Matrimonial Boards in the various districts, before which only could marriages be contracted, all marriages otherwise contracted being null and void. As a gracious concession to religious scruples, the Ordinance did not propose to prevent any persons who had been duly married under its provisions, or any Minister of religion, from solemnizing or being present at the solemnization of any religious ceremony for the Marriage of the said persons which they might think fit to adopt. The Ordinance did not pass, but the following year (7th Sept., 1838), a Marriage Order was issued by the Queen in Council ajiplicable to those Colonies in which the slaves had recently been eman- cipated, which came into force in this Colony on 1st February, 1839, and is, with certain amendments made from time to time by Acts of the Colonial Legislature, still the marriage law of the land. A subsequent Order in Council (20th Feb., 1839) laid down that the customary legal fees of the clergy were not affected by the new Or- dinance. The new law did not at first work smoothly. The seventh section of the Order enjoins that whenever the form

* Advertisement in Government Gazette, Oct. 1837, signed by Dr. AJamson.

jS EnglisJi Church History in Soicth Africa.

and ceremony used is otLer than tliat of the Clmrch of England each of the parties shall in some part of the ceremony make certain declarations.* It appeared that some Ministers in the Colony had solemnized marriages without having ohserved these formalities, and by Govern- ment advertisement (15th August, 1839) attention was drawn to the invalidity of these marriages, and it was left to those Ministers and the parties so informally married by them to consider of the means by which tlie injurious consequences of those errors may be prevented. This naturally occasioned some perplexity, and the Governor therefore pointed out how the errors might be remedied by the re-marriage of the parties (Government advertisement, 12th Sept., 1839). Objection had also been made to the form of words prescribed — the mode of publishing banns — the hours fixed, &c., but tlie Governor declared that he had no authority to alter or set aside the law in these or in any other res2)ects.

At this time a considerable number of juvenile English emigrants was being sent into the Colony by the Children's Friend Society. This was a society founded in 18;)0 for the purpose of rescuing destitute and neglected children from the misery and crime to which they were exposed in L(jndon, and securing to them the means of subsistence by apprenticing them either at home or abroad. The Cape, in consequence of its growing demand for labour and holding out many advantages for tlic jjrotection of tlio children, was looked to as the most eligible Colony for the purpose of tho Society, and out of 880 children provided for by the Society upwards of 700 had been sent to the Cape, where an active Committee was formed and an Ordinance obtained in order to give legal effect to the indentures under which tho

* This clnusc was afterwards repealed in so far as it afTceted marriages celebrated at the Cajie aceording to the forms of the Dutch lleformcd Church. (Order in Council Srd April, 1840.)

English CJuLvch History in Soicth Africa. yy

cliildren were bound.* The attention of the Society for the Pro^Dagation of the Gospel having been called to the want of religious instruction among these apprentices, that Society determined (17th Nov., 1837) to allow salaries of £100 a year towards the maintenance of two clergymen at the Cape; one to be stationed at such place as might be agreed upon between the two Societies, to visit and instruct the apprentices within his district, provided that such clergyman be allowed not less than £100 a year from the Committee and friends of the Children's Friend Society. The C.F.S. made a public appeal for aid towards raising a fund for this purpose, and in March, 1838, the Kev. J. W. Sanders, M.A., arrived for this especial work among the apprentices around Capetown and Stellenbosch, where he hold services in the Government School. The Rev. John Fry also undertook to attend Constantia every other Sunday for the religious instruction of the apprentices there, their masters being bound by the terms of the indenture to allow their attendance on such occasions.

Church building at the Cape in those days was not a success. The original church at Simonstown had fallen down. Wynberg Church, begun in 1832, had been washed away before the roof was completed in 1834; and the gable end of the new church then being built fell down in July, 1838 : " So much," sententiously remarks the leading news- l)aper, "for daubing with untemj^ered mortar." This church — the shell of the present Wynberg Church — was not built upon the original site, which was now turned into the burial-ground, but upon the spot originally intended for the burial-ground and consecrated as such by Bishop

• Ordinance No. 3 of 1836, for appointing and authorizing certain persons to be commissioners and guardians to emigrants being minors sent to this Colony from the United Kingdom by the Children's Friend Society.

jS English Church History in South Africa.

Wilson — a counter-cliange of sites wliicli caused some disapprobation.* The Wynberg Infant School (Lady D'Ur ban's) was opened on the 29 th of August with a service in which Dr. Okes and Mr. Boyes took part, and at which Bickcrsteth's Fsahnochj was used.

The Rev. John Heavyside was appointed in October, 1838, Colonial Chaplain at Grahamstown in succession to the Rev. W. Carlisle, who retired on pension. During the same year a meeting at which Mr. Heavyside i^resided was held at Fort Beaufort, to consider the best means of sup- plying the deficiency in the means of education and religion at that place. It was agreed to ask the Government to grant the use of the old Cape Corps mess-room as a Chapel school, and a committee was ajDpointed to take measures for building a church. A branch Association of the Church Missionary Society was also formed, and a wish was expressed that the Rev. F. Owen, who was then in the Eastern Province on his return from the disastrous Zulu Mission, might bo stationed at Fort Beaufort. Mr. Owen seems, however, to have preferred more purely Mission work. The following year (June, 1839) he was in Cai^c- town, and spoke at a meeting of the Church Missionary Association — the first meeting since the establishment of the Association in 1837, and apparently the last — in the Exchange, Sir John Wylde being in the chair. Mr. Owen also preached at Simonstown on behalf of the C.M.S., and soon after went to Mosiga as Missionary among the Baharatsi.

Wynberg Church was opened for Divine service on the second Sunday after Easter, llth April, 1839 ; the sermon was preached by Mr. Hougli, who, in the absence of any ecclesiastical dignitary, was as Senior Chaplain regarded as the official representative of the English Church on theso

* Correspondence in *S'. A. Commercial Adv., 21Ui April, 1839.

English CJmrch History in Soitth Africa. 79

occasions. Indeed it is said that St. George's was called the Cathedral* long before the foundation of the See. The musical services were not, however, by any means of a Cathedral type ; there was a mixed choir in the organ gallery,"!" but there were complaints that the vocal and instrumental music were not in harmony, and the organ was required to be more accommodating. The accounts of St. George's for the year 1830 include a charge of fifteen guineas for a black silk cassock and gown, and two guineas for a surplice. The collections in church for that year amounted to £35 ; and in consequence of the expense of lighting the church, to which the shareholders objected, the Sunday evening service was discontinued and an afternoon service held instead, to the great inconvenience of several, especially among the poor.

Mr. Fraser, Colonial Chaplain at Simon stown, had been for some time in ill-health, and died at Grahamstown in his fortieth year, on the 3rd August, 1839. His post was filled for a time by the Eev. Thomas R. A. Blair, who had formerly been a Captain in the army, but left the service to take Holy Orders. He acted at Simonstown until the appointment on the 1st Feb., 1840, of the Eev. E. Judge, who held this Chaplaincy until his death in 1872.

From the year 1839 may be said to date the movement which led to the extension of the Colonial Episcopate and thus to the founding of the See of Capetown. At a meeting of the S.P.C.K., held on the 19th March, 1839, a petition to the House of Commons was agreed upon, praying the House to sanction and adopt such measures as may be necessary for providing more effectually for the religious instruction

* Major-Gen. Dobbs' "Personal Keminiscences in S. A.," &c., in 1810. (Dublin, 1882.)

t Tlie red silk curtains, which some of ns remember as screening the choir until the establishment of a surpliced choir in 1855, ^Yere first put up in February, 1810.

8o English CJinrch History in SotctJi Africa.

of tbe Colonies ; for an increase in the number of bisliops * and clergy wherever rcqiiirecl ; for the protection of the existing property and lands of the Church ; for the erection of new churches and chapels to an extent commensurate with the wants of the Colonists ; and earnestly imploring that no new Colonies might be founded without express 2')rovision being made for the instructicm of tlie inhabitants in the truths and duties of Christianity according to the principles of the Church of England. The following year (April, 1840) the Bishop of London, Dr. Blomfield, addressed a letter to the Primate, Dr. Ilowley, setting forth the duty incumbent upon the Church of imparting the full benefits of her Apostolic government and discipline, as well as of her doctrines and ordinances, to the distant provinces of the Empire ; and proposing to raise a fund for the endow- ment of bishoprics in such of the Colonies as were still virtually deprived of Episcopal superintendence. This proposal was at once taken up by the great Church Societies, the S.P.C.K. voting a sum of £10,000, and S.P.G. £7,500, to the fund. The subject was next brought under the notice of the great body of Churchmen at a meeting of clergy and laity summoned, by the Primate, at which the plan was explained and a large number of contributions received. On Whitsun Monday, 1st June, 1811, the Archbishops and Bishops of England and Ireland, who were the trustees of the Fund,t issued a declaration, enumerating the Colonics in which bishoprics were required, the Cape being among the number, and appealing for more funds. It was in response to this appeal that, as is well known. Miss (now Baroness) Burdett-Coutts munificently endowed the two Sees of Capetown and Adelaide.

To return to the course of events at the Capo. Tho sum

* There were then only nine hi.->hopsiii the whole foreign dominions of the Empire. There are now aeventy-ninc. t Afterwards the Colonial Bislioprics Fund.

EnglisJi CJunxh History in So2itk Africa. 8i

of £200 eacli was placed upon the Estimates of the Colony for 1840 for Chaplaincies at Rondebosch and Wynberg, but no fixed appointments were as yet made to these posts, the provisional Chaplains, Dr. Okes and Mr. Fry dividing the duties of the two churches between tbem on alternate Sundays. Some little controversy was excited at this time by a course of sermons preached by Mr. Hough during Lent at St. George's upon Fasting, which though exceedingly moderate in tone, roused the cry of Popery. Hitherto there had been very little party feeling in Church matters at the Cape, the tone of Churchmanship generally being what is known as old-fashioned High Church. Just at that time, however, a considerable number of Anglo-Indians frequent- ing the Cape, while professing to be Churchmen, held views differing little, if at all, from the rankest Plymouth Brethrenism ; offering to teach in Church schools, yet refusing to teach the Church Catechism ; attending morning service and communicating at the church, and preaching in the evening in the Wesleyan or Independent chapels, or wherever else they could gain admission. They were once well described by a very high authority, as being " with long purses and pious purposes the pest of the place." Mr. Hough, whom they described as "holding very high sacredotal views," referred to them in a sermon alluding to the sin of Korah, or as one of themselves asserts, " pro- nounced upon them tbe curse of Korah, Dathan, and Abiram ! " * Hinc illee laclirymse.

A more pleasing incident with which to close this chapter is the opening of a Chapel school at Cuylerville in the parish of Bathurst, on Tuesday, 15th September, by the

* " lieminisccnces of Life in Mysore, Soutli Africa, and Bnrmah," hy Major-General Dobbs, Dublin, Herbert, 1882. Captain Dobbs was at the Cape in 1840-4:1, and a leader of what they called the Religious Society at the Cape. It is from his book that most of the tibove facts arc gathered.

G

82 EnglisJi Church History in South Africa.

Eevs. J. Barrow and J. Heavyside, Mr. Saffery an agent of the Colonial Church Society being also present. The collection amounted to £7 15s.

A correspondent in England writes to a friend at the Cape at the close of the year 1810, " You will have a Bishop before three years are over your head."

English Church History in Soitth Africa. ^^

CHAPTER IX. 1841-1845.

Clergij.

Capetown.

Militanj (1807).

Eev. T. A. Blair (acting),

1840-1841. Rev. E. P. Blunt, 1841-

1844. Rev. B. Maitland (acting),

1844. Rev. T. A. Blair (acting),

1844-1845. Rev. Geo. Dacre, 1845-1854.

Colonial (1811). Rev. G. Hough, 1817-1847. Rev. R. G. Lamb (junior Chaplain), 1845-1848.

SiMONSTOWN (1813).

Rev. E. Judge, 1840-1872.

Bathuest (1820). Rev. J. Barrow, 1833-1874.

Grahamstown (1823).

Rev. J. Heavyside, 1838- 1861.

Port Elizabeth (1825). Rev. F. McClelland, 1825- 1853.

RONDEBOSCH (1834).

Rev. J. Fry, 1840-1861.

SiDBURY (1842). Rev. G. V. Thorpe, 1842- 1849.

George (1845). Rev. E. T. Scott, 1845-1848.

Graaff-Reinet (1845). Rev. W. Long, 1845-1854. Rev. Herbert Beaver, Col.

Ch. Soc. Chaplain, Fort

Beaufort, 1842. Rev. T. A. Blair, Col. Ch.

Soc. Chaplain (Trinity

Church), 1841.

Wynberg (1821). Rev. Holt Okes, 1834-1855.

The year 1841 opened with some unpleasantness in Church matters at Grahamstown. There was at first a con- troversy between the Chaplain and an Independent Minister

G 2

84 English Church History in South Africa.

as to the riglit of burial in St. George's Cemetery, Mr. Hcavyside asserting tliat tlie ground having been granted to Episcopalians no other persons could claim any right in it. Then arose a more serious difficulty as to the working of the Grahamstown Church Ordinance. There had been from time to time disputes on the question who should exercise the right of voting for Churchwardens and Vestrymen.* The Ordinance confers this right upon the " male inhabi- tants of Grahamstown and of the parochial limits thereof, being members of and holding communion with the United Church of England and Ireland," intending, it would seem, to restrict the right to communicants. But in March, 1841, the non-communicants called a separate vestry meeting, refused to acknowledge Mr. Heavyside's right to i)reside, and professed to question the validity of his orders. Mr. Hcavyside produced to the meeting a letter from the Governor's Secretary, stating that His Excellency had ex- amined Mr. Heavyside's papers and was satisfied. The whole affair was referred to the Governor and by him to the Attorney-General (Mr. Porter), who decided that all who professed to be Churchmen were full Church members, with the rights and privileges thereto belonging ; he also declined to support the Chaplain's claim to preside ex officio at the meetings ; and, though the Government afterwards expressed a wish to withdraw from interference, the result of it all was that not even the Churcliwardcns were necessarily com- municants. The uni^atisfuctory state of things in the Eastern Province generally is well described by Mr. Saffery, an agent of the Coh)nial Church Society, wlio bad been sent out to rej)ort ui)on the state of religion in South Africa. Ho says, " The English Church is deplorably deficient in means to meet the increasing demand for ministers, churches,

* "Remarks, &f. on tlic Grahamstown Cliurch Ordinance," Grahamstown; Aldam & Ilarvoy, Printers, Queen Street, 12mo., 1839.

English CJ Lurch History in South Africa. 85

and schools, and is rapidly melting away in cou sequence of her members either altogether neglecting God, or joining themselves to other bodies, ai)parently more able to supply their wants. As the Church exists in the Colony she can- not keep her own. Within the limits of Grahamstown and its vicinity, no sooner is any person awakened to a deep sense of religion, than inducements surround him on all sides to detach himself from our Church. If they leave Grahamstown they pass, as to any communion with her, utterly beyond her pale." Nor was the state of Church matters round Capetown much better. The number of Church members in Capetown itself was estimated at five thousand, for whom a single church and clergyman were clearly insufficient. The annual report of the Capetown District Committee of the S.P.C.K. for 1839-40 states that of their nominal Church members, between two and three thousand were out of the reach of the Church's Ordi- nances, and a great portion of them living in a most degraded and demoralized condition.

On receiving Mr. Saffery's report the Colonial Church Society appointed a deputation to wait upon the Bishop of London, who encouraged the Society to undertake work at the Cape, and signified his approval of a measure for the erection of a second church in Capetown, " which is evidently called for by the insufficiency of the present pro- vision for religious instruction for the members of our Church, and which has been sanctioned by H.E. the Governor." The Society accordingly sent out two Cate- chists, Messrs. Inglis and Boone, the former to open a Sunday-school in a neglected part of Capetown, Constitution Street, where there was a dense English and Irish population of the lower class, and to visit the prison and hospital; while Mr. Boone was stationed in Albany, at Mancazana Post, near the Kat River. It has been mentioned that Mr. Blair had been officiating as Military Chaplain in

S6 English CJmrch History ifi So7tth Africa.

Capetown. In tliis appointment he expected to be confirmed, but in April, 1841, the Eev. Edward Paulet Blunt, M.A., arrived to take the military duties ; and Mr. Blair being thus left vv ithout a charge, his Indian friends memorialized the Colonial Church Society to appoint him one of their Chap- lains of the Cape. Mr. Blair was engaged by the Society, and a Corresponding Committee formed in Capetown, July, 1841. As a temporary measure, a building in Long Street, at the corner of Hout Street, was hired to be used as a pro- prietary chapel until a church could be built in the neighbourhood of Caledon Square, where a site was promised by the Governor. The Long Street Episcopal Chapel (as it was called) was opened for Divine service according to the rites of the Church of England, on Sunday, 1st August. Two-thirds of the sittings were free, and the services were held twice on Sundays, at 11 a.m. and at 6 p.m., as well as on Thursday evenings ; there was also a day-school in con- nection with the Chapel. A Committee of the Society was also formed at Grahamstown (Feb., 1842), and the Rev. Herbert Beaver, formerly a Chaplain of the Hudson's Bay Company, was sent out by the parent Society and stationed at Fort Beaufort.*

At Uitenhage a movement was set on foot to provide funds for a church and clergyman (July, 1841), but as was usual in those days the Government was expected to bear the greater part of the burden. The English inhabitants memorialized the Governor, who granted them a site ; they then collected some small funds and aj^plied for further liclp to the public. But the ajipeal met with but little

* For iiiucli of thi.s information -witli regard to tlic work of tlio Colonial Cburch Society, I am indebted to notes to a sermon preached in the Long Street Chapel, on Sunday, 8th May, 1842, in helialf of the funds of the Society, by the llev. II. Ilutton of the lI.E.I.C.S. I'ubli.slied by request.

English Church History in South Africa. 8/

success; no clergyman was aj)pointed until 1847, and a church not built until some years later.

At Kobben Island a church or chapel had been built which was opened for Divine service on Sunday, 10th Oct., 1841, by Mr. Hough, who preached from the text St. Matthew xvii. 4. Services were held monthly in this building by the clergy from the mainland, until the appointment of a resident Chaplain. The Churchwardens of St. George's, Capetown, proposed to make an extra charge of one shilling and sixpence per sitting, in order to raise a fund for defray- ing the expenses of the choir and continuing the choral service, the cost of which, including books, music, and superintendence, during the year 1841 amounted to £20.

St. Mary's Church, Port Elizabeth, was finished at the beginning of 1842, having been nearly six years in building, and the Ordinance authorizing the appointment of a vestry and churchwardens passed on the 3rd March. St. Mary's was the only English Church in the Colony which derived any benefit from a Church tax, authorized by proclamation of April 1st, 1814. This was a local charge of four stivers per week for each place, and two stivers per week for each erf, levied in those country districts, where the Church was in debt. From 1836 to 1842 Port Elizabeth received from this source £90 lis. 3cZ,, and then it ceased. There still remained a debt of £379, exclusive of a mortgage bond of £375 made in order to build the church, but which the government of Sir George Napier liberally cancelled ou the 24th November, 1843 — a measure of generosity accorded to all the other churches of the Colony. The Colonial Govern- ment at the same time granted to the Chaplain and Church- wardens in two separate plots one morgen and 445 square roods for a burial-ground, adjacent to the old burialplace of the English congregation on the south side of Barkens river.* A year or two later a glebe of 4893 acres, worth

* In 1845 the Churchwardens recommend that " as the natural shrubbery of this secluded spot " — now one of the most populous parts

8S Engl is Ji Chiu'ck History hi South Africa.

twenty pounds a year, was given by ticket of occupation (without title) for the clergyman of S. Mary's. The church at Sidbury had so far progressed that an Ordinance was also passed for that parish, to which the Rev. G. V. Thorpe, B.A., was appointed Provisional Chaplain.

The Capetown Committee of the Colonial Church Society was actively canvassing for subscriptions towards their proj^osed church, the list including donations of £20 from the Queen Dowager, £50 from the Countess of Caledon, and £10 from the Bishop of Calcutta. A site had been secured in Harrington Street at a cost (including preliminary expenses) of £300, and in June, 1842, tenders were invited for building a church to seat five hundred persons. The purchase of the site and the cost of laying the foundations almost exhausted the funds in hand, and urgent a2)2^eaLs continued to be made for additional funds. A proposal to put an iron railing round St. George's was strongly opposed by certain shareholders as tending to apply the funds to jiur- poses injurious to their interest, but was finally carried out.

In August, 1842, a number of calamitous shipwrecks occurred on the coast, in particular the Sahiita in Algoa Bay, when twenty-two were drowned, and the convict ship Waterloo in Table Bay, in which one hundred and eighty- nine perished. A sermon upon these events, entitled " Ship- wreck-Judgments of God," preached l)y Dr. Okes, Senior Provincial Chaplain of Wynberg and Pondebosch, was thought worthy of a jilace in the Church of UiKjland Mcujazine*

of Port l^llizabeth — " bus been cxtirijatcd, that linrdy and clci^'ant exotic Nicoliana Gluucom " — the wild tobacco, now a troublesome! weed — " which api)ear8 to grow in almost any soil and braves the greatest exposure, should be sown." (Vestry licport, S. oMury's, 1', ]•]., Easter, 1815.)

* Church of England Marjazlnc for 1813, vol. xiv., p. 200. ])j\ Okes was also the author of a *' Catechism relatiuL^ to the six days' creation as revealed in tlio Holy liiljje, intended for tlie use of youn^ jiersons." Cai)etown, June, 1845.

English Church History in South Afinca. 89

In 18-13 there was another Ej)iscopal visit to the Cape. Dr. Nixon, the first Bishop of Tasmania, accompanied by Archdeacon Marriott of Hobart-town, arrived in Table Bay on the 15th May. On Thursday, the 18th, he held a Con- firmation at St. George's at 11 a.m., when " many hundreds " were confirmed, Confirmation not having been administered here since 1834. On Friday, the 19th, his lordship consc- secrated Wynberg Church * and St. Frances' Church at Simonstown, and sailed on the 23rd.

At Eondebosch it was found necessary to provide addi- tional accommodation in the church for the increasing congregation, by erecting a gallery, and the collection at the ninth anniversary service (19th February, 1843), when Mr. Blair was the preacher, was for this object.

The church at Sidbury was at a standstill for want of funds. The people had raised £1,000, but a further sum of £300 was required, for which Mr. Thorpe made a public appeal, and a special sermon with collection was preached at St. George's by Mr. Hough for this object. It is note- worthy hov/ the number of special sermons increased after the opening of the Long Street Chapel. Formerly there had only been an annual sermon in October at St. George's for the S.P.C.K. with an occasional special sermon for schools, and after the opening of the Eondebosch Church an anniversary of that event. But from the year 1842, there were special sermons for the Colonial Church Society, the Eeligious Tract Society, in aid of churches building in the Colony, for schools, and upon various occasions.

A very important regulation with regard to religious grants was made by Ordinance No. 7, 1843, for repealing

* No name is assigned to this clnu'cli in the deed of consecration, but it appears from the Kegisters that it was ah-cady called St. John's Church, and had been so called since the date of its opening in 1839; tlKUXgh in the newspaper advertisements of baptisms and marriages during 1840 it frequently appears as "S. George's Church, Wynberg."

90 English Church History in South Africa.

De Mist's Church Eegulations of 180i and enacting others in their stead, commonly called the Dutch Church Ordinance. It is expressly provided by clause 2 that " no religious community or denomination within this Colony is or shall be entitled to claim, as a matter of right, from or out of Her Majesty's Eevenue in this Colony, any pecuniary con- tribution or allowance, for or towards the suj)port of the ministry of any such community or denomination, or any other object whatever, and all sums granted from time to time out of the revenue to any such community or denomi- nation shall be deemed to be merely voluntary and gratui- tous, and as such to be at all times and exclusively under the absolute disposition and control of Government, and revocable at Her Majesty's will and pleasure."* In conse- quence of this new regulation the Government made it a condition that some fixed amount of a Minister's salary should be paid either by the congregation or by a society before they would sanction any new apj^ointment.

On Tuesday, January 18th, 1844, the foundation-stone of a building to be used as a Sunday-school in connection with St. George's, Grahamstown, was laid by Mrs. Ilarc, wife of the Lieutenant-Governor of the Eastern Province. There was a procession to the site headed by the band of the 91st Regiment, and the stone was laid with the usual religious and masonic ceremonies, followed by an address from Mr. Heavyside. The stone bore the following inscription : " In Nomine SS. Trinitatis, anno VII Regni Victorias, D.G. Britt : Reg : Prima h.x'C fundamina a3dificii bona; et religiosa3 Juvenum Institutioni in fide Christi ac disciplina Ecclesiacj Anglicamc diebus prtDScrtim Dominicis in perpetuum dicandi rite posuit Domina Clarissa Hare, Honorati Provincite Precfecti Conjux. Die XIV. Jul : Kal :

* A Proclamation of the same date gives sufficient assurance of Ww. permanency of the salaries already granted, at least in so far as tlio Dutch Church was concerned.

English Church History in South Africa. 91

MDCCCXLIV. Jolianne Heavyside Presbytero ministrantc, F. H. Cole, Jabez Hart, Sacrorum Custodibus."

In Marcli tbe Government of the Colony passed from Sir George Napier into tbe hands of Sir Peregrine Maitland, a man of advanced age and earnest Christian character, deeply interested in Missions. He himself stated that his chief motive in accepting the appointment was that he might be enabled to promote the spiritual and temporal improvement of the natives in South Africa. He was accompanied by his nephew, the Eev. Brownlow Maitland, M.A., as Private Secretary, who during his stay in the Colony frequently officiated for the clergy, and also acted for a time as Military Chaplain. Among the addresses presented to Sir P. Maitland on his arrival, was one from the vestry of S. Mary's, Port Elizabeth, wherein the great want of a Bishop to regulate the affairs of the English Church was a prominent subject.

This year the British Settlers of the Eastern Province commemorated the twenty-fifth anniversary of their arrival in the Colony, — the two earliest vessels, the Chapman and the Nautilus, with the first parties having anchored in Algoa Bay on April 9th, 1820. On Wednesday, April 10th, 1844, commemoration services were held at Grahamstown and Port Elizabeth. St. George's, Grahamstown, was filled to overflowing, the Church service being said by the Eev. J. Heavyside, and a jubilee anthem and prayer for the Queen sung by the choir. The sermon was preached from 1 Samuel xii. 24, by William Shaw, Wesleyan Minister, who gave a brief history of the settlement with an estimate of its results, concluding with a warm expression of grati- tude and a cheerful forecast of the future. At Port Eliza- beth services were held at St. Mary's, Mr. McClelland, himself one of the original settlers, officiating and preaching from Deut. xxix. 10, 11 ; and as the congregation left the church " Rule Britannia " was played, — the organist doubt- less intending this as an appropriate compliment to the

92 EngUsJi ChurcJi History in S 021th Africa.

mercantile character of tlie Port Elizabeth settlers, or a forecast of the commercial greatness of the South African Liverpool. At the dinner which followed, Mr. Chase, in proposing " the memory of tliose settlers whom it has pleased Providence to remove," paid a " graceful tribute of friendly recollection to {Inter inultos alios) the Rev. W. Boardmau, the sound scholar, and kind-hearted Episcopal Minister of Bathurst."

In September a free school for boys in connection with St. George's, Capetown, was opened in New Street : and at Rondebosch it was proposed to open an infant school near the " Three Cups " (Mow^bray), in a building belonging to the Road establishment, the use of which was granted by the Government. Funds were collected by a Committee, of which Mr. Montagu was Chairman, and on the last Sunday in the year, December 29th, 1S44, a sermon was jn-eachcd at Rondebosch by Mr. Blair for this object, and £23 col- lected.

At the beginning of 18-15 a periodical was started in Capetown, which, though not exclusively a Church organ, was the first literary attempt in connection with the Church, and was edited by Mr. Blair. It w^as called The Cape of Good Hope Christian 3Tagazine, and was largely made up of extracts from Low Church and dissenting publications, with occasional paragraphs of local religious interest, sermons, ttc. It lasted until the end of 181G.

The Governor, in laying the Estimates for 1845 before the Council, proposed under the head of Ecclesiastical Establislimcnts to abolish as charges upon the public revenue the salaries of Church clerks, sextons, organists and bellringers, justly remarking that such charges should bo borne by the congregations themselves. The amount tlius saved was from the English Church £3G3, and from the Dutch £709, in lieu whereof llis Excellency placed upon the Estimates £100 to provide two additional Chaplains for the Church of England, and £800 for four Dutch Ministers,

English Church History in South Africa. 95

at £200 per annum each. There was already an additional grant of £200 a year for the Chaplain at Sidbury. The new grants were thus aj)propriated : £200 to George, £100 to Graaff-Eeinet, and £100 to be divided between Wynberg and Eondebosch, so as to bring the income of each up to £150 a year. The arrangement had hitherto been that Dr. Okes and Mr. Fry were both regarded as Provisional Chaplains, senior and junior, of Wynberg, and the Churches at Wynberg and Eondebosch were served by them in turn on alternate Sundays, the former receiving £120 and the latter £80 a year. This provisional arrangement now ceased — Dr. Okes being appointed Chaplain at Wynberg, and Mr. Fry Chaplain at Eondebosch, each with a grant from Government of £150. The Eev. E. T. Scott was appointed on May 22nd to George, where a Church fund was at once started; and the Eev. W. Long (then in Deacon's Orders)* was appointed in August Minister of the English Episcopal Church at Graaff-Eeinet, where steps were immediately taken to build a church, for which an Ordinance was passed the following year. An assistant or junior Chaplain was also appointed by the Home Govern- ment to St. George's, Capetown, at a stipend of £300 a year, for which post the Eev. E. G. Lamb arrived in September together with the Eev. George Dacre, who had been appointed Military Chaplain in Capetown.

Two Church Ordinances were passed in 1845; one authorizing the election of a Vestry and Churchwardens for Eondebosch Church, first called St. Paul's in the Ordi- nance ; the second authorizing a sum of money to be raised in shares for building a church at Fort Beaufort, in accord- ance with the resolution of a meeting held there on Nov. 15, 1842,— the S.P.C.K., and S.P.G. having each granted £100 towards the building.

* Mr. Long had been ordained by the Bishop of London "for the cure of souls in Her Majesty's foreign possessions," and sent out by the S.P.G., by whom part of his salary at Graaff-Ivcinet was paid.

94 English Church History in Sonth Africa.

CHAPTER X.

1846-1848.

Capetown.

Military (1807). Eev. G. Dacre, 1845-1854.

Colonial (1811).

Eev. G. Hougli (Senior

Chaplain), 1817-1847.

(Absent on leave.)

Eev. E. G. Lamb (Junior

Chaplain), 1845-1848.

SiMONSTOWN (1813).

Eev. E. Judge, 1840-1872.

Bathurst (1820). Eev. J. Barrow, 1833-1874.

Wynberg (1821;. Eev. Dr. Okes, 1834-1855.

Grahamstowx (1823). Eev. J. Heavyside, 1838- 18G1.

Port Elizabeth ^1825). Eev. F. McClelland, 1825- 1853.

Clergy.

EONDEBOSCH (1834). Eev. J. Fry, 1840-1861.

SiDBURY (1842). Eev. G. V. Thorpe, 1842- 1849.

George (1845). Eev. E. T. Scott, 1845-1848.

Graaff-Eeinet (1845). Eev. W. Long, 1845-1854.

UlTENHAGE (1847).

Eev. W. Copeman, 1847.

Eev. H. Beaver, Col. Ch. Soc. Chaplain, Fort Beau- fort, 1842.

Eev. T. A. Blair, Col. Ch. Soc. Chaplain (Trinity Church), 1841.

Eev. G. F. Childe, Eoyal Observatory, 1846.

The deplorable Kafir war whicl], in spite of Sir Peregrine Maitland's philaiithroi^ic intentions, raged during the greater part of the year 1846, seems to have occupied men's minds to the almost entire exclusion of other matters : and there is no year throughout the whole period wo have been reviewing which affords so little to chronicle. The Governor

English Church History in Sonth Africa. 95

and liis staff, including the Rev. B. Haitian d, were on the frontier, and martial law was in force throughout the Colony. At the suggestion of the Synodical Commission of the Dutch Reformed Church, Thursday, 28th of May, was observed as a day of Humiliation and Prayer in consequence of the war, and the awful situation into which the country had been plunged, and the Ministers and members of other Churches were requested to unite with the Dutch Church for that purpose.

On the subject of a Bishopric for the Cape the following resolution was passed (6th January), the Feast of the Epiphany, by the Capetown District Committee of the S.P.C.K. : — " That this society, contemplating with deep concern the insufficient provision which has been hitherto made for the spiritual care of the members of our national Church residing in this Colony, especially as it regards the want of a systematic superintendence of the Clergy, the operations of missionary enterprise in connection with the form and polity of our Church, and the absence of those ordinances the administration of which is committed exclu- sively to the Episcopal Order, do earnestly petition the standing Committee of Bishops in London (appointed with full powers to confer with the Ministers of the Crown to arrange measures in concert with them for the erection of Bishoprics in the British Colonies), that their Lordships would be pleased to take into consideration the claims of the Colony of the Cape of Good Hope, and if possible assist it, as an important dependence of the Empire, with the early endowment of a Bishopric."* About the same time an earnest appeal was numerously signed by the inhabitants of the Eastern Province and forwarded to the Committee of the Colonial Bishoprics' Fund.f

The relations between the Senior and Junior Chaj^lains at St. George's were from the first not very cordial. So early

* Minute Book of Committee of S.P.C.K. in St. George's, Capetown, t Appendix D.

g5 EnglisJi CJutrch History in South Africa.

as December, 1845, there liad been differences between them as to the religions instruction given in the Boys' School, and in April, 1846, Mr. Hough being in ill-health left for England on an extended leave of absence, from which he did not return, resigning the Chaplaincy which he had held for thirty years, in 1847. St. George's was at this time improved by the erection of a clock at a cost of £75, and there was a sensible jiroposal (which was not however carried out) to reduce the height of the pews. Trinity Church, Harrington Street, was finished, and opened for Divine service on the Fifth Sunday after Trinity, 12th July, 1845, Mr. Blair being the Incumbent; the building remained burdened, however, with a debt of £1,700. About the same time the Green Point Chapel and School House was opened with a sermon by Mr. Blair, who continued to officiate there occasionally, alternately with dissenters of various denominations.

In March, 1847, a second Ordinance was passed for Ron- debosch Church (No. 4 of 1847), authorizing the Ycstry to raise, by mortgage on the security of the pew rents, a sum of money not exceeding £2,000 for the enlargement of the church. This was the year of the great Irish famine, and a sermon, with collection for the destitute Irish, was preached at St. George's by Mr. Lamb on the 21st March. The Eev. P. W. Copcman, M.A., arrived in April, having been appointed by Her Majesty Minister of the English Episcopal Church at Uitenhage, the Government granting £100 a year on condition of the people raising £75 among themselves;-'^ the S.P.G. granting £25 a year to make it up to £200. The Rev. G. F. Childo also arrived this year for the Royal 01)servatory.

On the 25th June, 1847, Letters Patent were issued founding the Colony of the Cape of Good Hope, and its Dependencies, together with the island of St. Helena, to be

* At the end of two years, however, £25 wns all that the clergyman had received from the j)eople. (JournalM kejjt at C. V%. II. in Col. Cli. vol. 3. p. 310. — Evidently by Archdeacon Merriman.)

English Church History in South Africa. 97

a Bishop's See and Diocese, under the style of the Bishopric of Capetown, and the Church of St. George's, Capetown, a Cathedral Church and Bishop's See, also constituting the whole town of Capetown a city to be called the city of Cape- town ; and nominating and appointing Eobert Gray, D.D., to be called and known by the name or title of the Lord Bishop of Capetown.*

On St. Peter's Day, Tuesday, 29th June, 1847, Dr. Gray was consecrated in Westminster Abbey, together with the Bishops of Melbourne (Dr. Perry), Newcastle (Dr. Tyrrell), and Adelaide (Dr. Short). The following account of the service is abridged from a very full report in the Colonial Church Chronicle.] Sixteen hundred tickets of admission were issued, and before the service not only all those pro- vided with tickets but several others from distant parts of the country filled up every available spot in the church. At 11 o'clock the procession issued from the Jerusalem Chamber in the following order : — Beadle. Almsmen of St. Peter's, Westminster. Choristers. Gentlemen of the Choir. Minor Canons. Canons' Verger.

Canons.

Dean's Verger.

The Dean.

Bishops-Designate.

Bishops-Assistant.

Archbishop's Verger.

The Archbishop of Canterbury.

Archbishop's Cbaj^lains.

Secretary and Law Officers.

Matins were sung by the Eev. W. H. Cope, the responses

* Appendix C. t Vol. i., p. 41.

98 English Church History in South Africa.

being made to Tallis's harmonies, accompanied by tlio organ. The Psalms were chanted to the first tone, fourth ending, as harmonized by Tallis, whose Te Deim and Bene- dictus were also sung, the Lessons being read by the Eev. H. H. Milman and the Eev. Lord John Thynne. In the Communion Service, the Archbishop was celebrant, the Bishops of Lichfield and Chichester being Epistoler and Gospeller, The sermon was preached by the Bishop of London from St. John xxi. 17. At its conclusion, while the Bishops were being vested in their rochets, Farrant's exqui- site anthem. Lord, for Thy tender mercies' sahe, was sung. The Bishops-Designate were presented to the Archbishop by the Bishops of Winchester and Gloucester. Tallis's Litany was then sung by the Precentor of Westminster and the Eev. J. Lupton, accompanied by the full choir and organ, and the suffrages and concluding prayers by the officiating minor Canon. After the examination j^rescribed in the ordinal, Handel's chorus. The Lord gave the word, with the tenor solo, Hoiv beautiful are the feet, and the con- cluding chorus, TJicir sound is gone out, from the " Messiah," were sung, while the Bishops assumed the rest of the epi- scopal habit. The Veni Creator was sung over them to Tallis's harmonies, and the following Bishops assisted the Archbishop in the imposition of hands : the Bishoj)s of London, Winchester, Gloucester, Chichester and Lichfield. The Bishops of Oxford, St. Asaph, Madras, Tasmania, and Antigua were also jH-esent. About 7G0 j^ersons received the Holy Communion, which was sung throughout to Tallis, and the amount collected at the offertory was £550 for the Colonial Bishops' fund. " Such i'fe the bare dry detail of a ceremony of wliich it is impossible to convey the interest and the heart-stirring felt by those who witnessed it. Our strong feeling was, that it was a day wortli having lived to see : — to have lived to sec four additional Bishops sent out to lands far off ... . this was much to be thankful for. But to see these Bishops set apart to their high office

English Church History in South Africa. 99

in the face of sixteen liundred jDersons — to witness the devout earnestness and reverent attention of that great con- gregation, and to partake with nearly eight hundred persons of the Holy Communion — was a comfort, a privilege, and a blessing, which could be fully appreciated only by those who were present."

The next few months were spent by Bishop Gray in pleading the cause of his South African Diocese, and on the 20th December the Bishop and his party, which included the Eevs. Hon. H. Douglas, H. Badnall, and Messrs. David- son, Clark, Scott, Wilson, Wheeler, and Steabler, sailed in the ship Persia and arrived in Table Bay on Sunday, 20th Feb., 1848. By Government Notice dated 21st Feb., the Governor directed the publication of the Letters Patent in the Gazette^ and on the 18th April His Excellency directed it to be further notified that all communications connected with the ecclesiastical and secular affairs of the Church of England in this Colony, which had heretofore been made to the Government were in future to be addressed to his Lordship. Although the Governor thus formally divested himself of his jurisdiction as Ordinary, the title was retained both by himself and his successor, Sir G. Cathcart, and was not finally disused until the arrival of Sir George Grey in 1854.

We have now reached the limits which we had assigned to ourselves for these sketches. The record of the eventful history of the Church in South Africa since the appoint- ment of a Bishop — for which ample materials exist — must be left to later times and to an abler pen than that which has essayed to sketch the earlier and comparatively un- eventful years of the Church's existence in this laud. It only remains briefly to review the state of the Church in the Colony at the time of Bishop Gray's arrival.

Though England had now held possession of the Capo for more than forty years, the Mother Church had evinced very little interest in the religious condition of South

n 2

100 English ChurcJi History in Sonth Africa.

Africa, wLich, tliougli nominally under tlie sj^iritual charge of the Bishop of Calcutta, was in as neglected and hopeless a state as could well be. At least forty or fifty thousand English emigrants had been brought into the Colony, yet nothing had been done to provide them with clergy, churches, or schools. Every form of dissent throve and held a better position than the Church, which was at its very lowest ebb, and a proverb and a bye-word in the land for its inefficiency. The S.P.G. was spending in Africa £75 out of an annual income of £89,000 ; and the whole amount raised by the Church in the Colony was not more than £500 a year. There were twelve Chaplains at a cost to Government of £2,945 a year, and two others supported by the Colonial Church Society. There were only ten churches in the whole Colony, — five in the Western, and five in the Eastern Province — none between Capetown and Port Elizabeth ; so that large tracts of country, including such districts as Caledon, Swellendam, and Knysna, in which were considerable numbers of English families, were spiritually destitute. Nor was any attempt made to gather into the Church's fold the multitudes of heathen with whom the Colony abounded. While English, French, and German Societies of various denominations were sending out their Missionaries, the Church of England was almost the only communion which was doing nothing for the conversion of the heathen within and around the Colony. In the adjacent Colony of Natal, and in the Orange Eiver Sovereignty, there was not a single English clergyman. Uven in those places where clergymen were stationed the state of the Church was far from satisfactory. On his first visitation Bishop Gray wrote: — "Most unfortunately wliere our few clergy have been located, my ears have been jjaiiied with complaints and grievances, and I fear not without sufiicicnt cause. The clergy generally in this Diocese do not under- stand parochial work, tliey are not men who are instant in season, out of season ; not earnest, devout, laborious ministers

English C J lurch History in Sonth Africa. lOl

of God. At the same time they have very difficult duties to fulfil. They have no opportunities of seeing each other and stirring up one another to their duties, and sink in consequence into dull apathetic officials."* Again he writes : " It is very mortifying to have to spend so much time at peace-making wherever we have clergy. That has been my chief occupation at the only places where I have found them." In Capetown itself Church matters were in a very bad state. The senior Chaplain had been absent in England on sick leave for nearly two years, and had just resigned. The only two clergy of Capetown — who both resided at Green Point, fully three miles from their churches — were extreme Low Churchmen, and members of a little so-called Evangelical Alliance. The Baptismal Eegeneration controversy was raging, and sermons and pamphlets were being issued against that doctrine of the Church ; and, though sober-minded Churchmen were much dissatisfied at the state of things, there was a party full of jealousies and suspicions, and ripe for almost anything. At St. George's there were no services except on Sundays : at Trinity there was a week-day evening lecture, badly attended. At Wynberg, in a school founded and supported by the Church, part of the Church Catechism was omitted for fear of giving offence. In the Eastern Province only two clergy seemed to be doing any real work. One clergy- man had not for some time had a single adult at church. In short, the state of the Church in the Colony was one dead level of inefficiency, incompetency, and neglect.

It was to this " heritage of woe " that Bishop Gray suc- ceeded. Yet there were gleams of hope. At the close of his first visitation the Bishop wrote if "I have seen our people, though long and grievously neglected, still cling- ing to their Mother Church, and ready to make great

* Life of Bishop Gray, vol. i., p. 194. t Journals of Visitation in 1848.

102 English Church History in South Africa.

personal exertions and sacrifices to share in lier ministra- tions ; and I am convinced that our day of grace as a Church has not passed away ; but that God has still a great work for us to do in South Africa, if we have but the heart and the faith to enter upon it." In such a spirit of faith and hope did the noble-minded Bishop Gray enter upon the difficult work, which, by God's blessing, with undaunted energy and apostolic zeal he was to achieve for the Church of Christ in South Africa.

( I03 )

APPENDIX A.

The following is a list, nearly complete, of Dr. Halloran's published works. They are said to amount in all to seventeen.

1. A Sermon on the occasion of the glorious and decisive Victory gained by the British Fleet, under command of Lord Viscount Nelson, over the united and more numerous forces of France and Spain, off Cape Trafalgar, on Monday the 21st October, 1805, delivered on board H.M.S. Britannia at sea, on Sunday the 3rd November, 1805. By Laurence Halloran, D.D., Chaplain of the aforesaid ship, and Secretary to Rear Admiral the Earl of Northesk. (Date and place unknown, but translated into Dutch and printed at the Cape of Good Hope, 1808. Post 8vo. pp. 20.)

2. The Battle of Trafalgar, a poem, to which is added, A Selection of Fugitive Pieces, chietly written at sea. By Lawrence Halloran, D.D., late Chaplain of the Britannia, and Secretary to Rear Admiral the Earl of Northesk, K.B. Conamur tenues grandia. Horace. London : Printed for the author, by Joyce Gold, Shoe Lane ; and sold by B. White, Fleet Street; R. Faulder, Bond Street; J. Asperne, Cornhill ; and W. N. Gardner, PaU Mall. 1806. Price 10s. M. 8vo. pp. 130.

3. A Sermon on the Guilt of Dishonesty. In its various degrees ; on its usual incentives ; and present and future punishment. Delivered before the British Army at the Cape of Good Hope, on Sunday the 29th May, 1808. By Laurens Halloran, D.D., Chaplain to His Majesty's Forces at that Settlement, late Chaplain and Secretary to Rear Admiral the Earl of Northesk, K.B., &c. Printed for the author for the purpose of gratuitous distribution. 8vo. pp. 16.

4. Proceedings including Original Correspondence, Official Docu- ments, Exhibits, &c., duly authenticated and attested as correct extracts from the records of the Court of Justice, at the Cape of Good Hope, in a criminal process for a libel, instituted at the suit of Lieut.-Gen. the Hon. H. G. Grey ; and by order of the Right Hon. Earl of Caledc^i, Governor of that Colony, against Lawrence Halloran, D.D., late Chaplain to His Majesty's Forces in South Africa.

" In Heaven tlierc still is justice For all ; and sometimes to be found on earth ; — I will implore it — both of God and mcu !" " To all the world I'll publish you a ' T/jnoit'' — infamy Shall still pursue your steps ; that every one IMay hate, may shun you, and with just abbovrrcncc jMay point you out to all who know you not !" — Meiastasio.

104 Appendix A.

London : Printed by T. Harper, jun., Crane Court, Fleet Street. 1811. 8vo. pp. 711.

5. A Sermon for the General Fast, 5tli February, 1812. With an Appendix, by Lawrence Halloran, D.D., late Chaplain to His Majesty's Naval and 'Military Forces, and Hector of the Public Grammsr School at the Cape of Good Hope. Price 2s. GcZ. 4to. Jones. 1812.

[It does not appear that this sermon was ever preached, but it was printed for the sake of giving publicity to the author's complaint of the injustice done to him at the Cape.]

6. Tributary Stanzas of affectionate regard to the memory of Wm. Dawson, Esq., of Liverpool; Captain of H.M.S. Piedmontaise ; who lately died in the East Indies, in the twenty-nineth year of his age. By Lawi-ence Halloran, D.D., late Chaplain to H.M. Naval and MHitary Forces, and Rector of the Pubhc Grammar School at the Cape of Good Hope. Price Is. 6d. 4to. Stockdale. 1812.

7. A Sermon occasioned by the sudden death of Mr. Robert Strange, of Thordon, July 25, 1813. By L. Blakeney, M.A., Curate ofThordon, and Beddingtield, Suffolk. Price 2s. 4to. Wilson. 1813.

[This is both a funeral and farewell sermon.]

8. A Pair of Odes for the New Year, 1814, being an Ode occasioned by the festivities at Belvoir Castle, on the recent baptism of the infant Marquis of Granby ; and a Revolutionary Ode, addressed to the French nation, and respectfully inscribed to His Majesty, Louis XVIIL, the legitimate sovereign of France. By the Rev. L. Blakeney, A.M., Curate of Lechlade. Price 2s. 4to. Wilson. 1814.

9. A Sermon preached before the members of a " Friendly Society," at their Annual General Meeting, held at Lechlade, in the county of Gloucester, May 30, 1814. By L. Blakeney, A.M., Curate of Lechlade. Price 2s. 4to. Printed at Cirencester, 1815.

10. A Sermon preached at the Annual Visitation of Dursley, May, 23, 1815, before the worshipful and Reverend Thomas Rudge, B.D., Archdeacon of Gloucester, and the Reverend the Clergy of the Deanery of Dursley. By the Rev. L. Blakeney, A.M., Curate and Lecturer of Dursley. (Text, 2 Tim. ii. 23-25.) Price 2s. 4to. Printed at Cirencester. 1815.

11. A Farewell Sermon, or parting Address to his Parishioners. By the Rev. L. Blakeney, A.M. (No date.) Price 2s. 4to. Printed at Cirencester. 1815.

12. Ne^vgate, <n- Desultory Sketches in a Prison. A poem and other original fugitive pieces, with notes and an appendix. By Lawrence Halloran, D.D., at present a prisoner in His Majesty's Gaol of Newgate, under sentence of transportation for seven years, on a charge of having defrauded tlie Post Ollice revenue oi the sum of " Tkn Pence," l)y counterfeiting a franc. " Adsit regula peccatis quas poonas irroget a^quas ; ne scutica dignum horribili scctcre iiagello." Loudon: Printed for the autlior, and sold for the benefit of his numerous young family, by Whitmore and Fenn, Charing Cross. 1818. 4to. pp. 74.

( 105 )

APPENDIX B.

Cape of Good Hope, 24:th March, 1818.

To the Lord Bishop of London.

" My Lord,— My professional duty as Commissioner of His Majesty's Navy resident in this Colony, lately induced me to take a journey through the south-eastern parts of it, in order to visit a port recently discovered at the mouth of the Eiver Knysna ; and in the course of it, I have made such observations upon the state of the country through which I have passed mth respect to its inhabi- tants as appear to be deserving of your Lordship's notice. Under such an impression, I take the liberty of offering them, in the conviction that should they open any means of extending the influence of the Church of England, and consequently of diffusing the knowledge of the Gospel, your Lordship will excuse the intrusion.

" Throughout the whole extent of country between Hottentot's Holland and Plettenberg Bay, there are but three clergymen, viz., one at Caledon, one at George, and the other at Swellendam. The population exceeds 7,000, and is constantly increasing. The dwellings of the inhabitants, generally speaking, are scattered through these districts at such a distance from the places above mentioned, that very few can form part of the weekly congregation. The farmers have no means of instruction within themselves ; in some instances a schoolmaster is kept in the family, or rather a person who can barely read and write, of low origin, and often of vicious habits. Books of any description, except the Bible (and not always that), are seldom seen in their houses. The hoers of this Colony are by no means deficient in capacity, or good dispositions ; on the contrary, I have generally remarked amongst them great intelligence, much frankness and disinterestedness, and their hospi- tality is a theme of praise with all who have had recourse to it.

" Their defects and privations arise from inveterate prejudices, inherited from the early colonists, and fostered by the state of gross ignorance in which they have been brought up. No amelioration can take place whilst these obstacles exist ; and 1 feel convinced they can only be removed by religious instruction. No_ legislative measures for the improvement of the country (of which it is greatly susceptible) can be eflicacious, until the understandings of these people are made parties in the cause. At present they are in direct

lo6 Appendix B.

liostility to any cliange however advantageous. I'lie radical evil I consider to be the state of slavery in this country, or rather the manner in which this wretched class of men are viewed by the colonists. The slaves here labour under disabilities which I believe are peculiar to this country. They are, by the existing laws of the Colony, prohibited from becoming Christians, and from marrying.

" The tirst of these cruel restrictions has, in a few instances, been dispensed with, but the latter never. On the contrary, it is most jiertinaciously adhered to. The effect of such laws is but too evident, not only to the judgment, but to experience. The first gives the utmost facility to the diffusion of the INIahometan tenets, whilst it impedes the progress of Christianity; and the most immoral and pernicious consequences inevitably result from the latter. These are too obvious and too well known to admit of their being dwelt upon. I will only observe that the youth of the most opulent families are, in consequence of such a system, brought up in total abandonment of those priuciples from which alone they can ever be expected to become Avorthy and exemjilary fathers of families. The most unquestionable authority may be referred to in support of these observations. Many of the jirincipal slave jiro- ])rietors, if- is notorious, give a preference to their slaves being ]Mah(jmetans instead of Christians ; in the first place, because they conceive it induces sobriety, and in the next, as it gives them a jMnver over their female slaves which is incompatible with Christianity.

" These practices, which in the educated colonists are to be viewed Avith just abhorrence, must, amongst the illiterate boers, be deplored as the eflect of dark ignorance. A total reformation of the former class I consider as almost hopeless. They may be aAved by the expression of public rei)roach, l)ut the inclination will remain, and every means will be resorted to to retain their powei*. With the latter class (the great majority) it is very different. They err from want of knowing better; and, I am convinced, possess feelings which, if jiroperly directed, would gl<»rify their (>od, and bring down His blessings upon their country. The dis])osition of the present Government of this Colony to annihilate these evils, is all that can 1)6 wished. Ptepeated efforts have Iteen made by his Excellency the Governor to ameliorate the situation of the slaves and lower classes, but his ])ower is not suflicient to ]»roduce the desired effect. The ]K*rsons of influence amongst the colonists are too jealous of the articles of cajiitulation to hear of the smallest alteration being made in these laws; they instantly take the alarm, and join unanimously to reject every idea of improvement which they sus[iect may, in any way however remote, interfere with their interests; and their slaves are considered as the most valuable ])art of their property. All liopes of reform must be derived from the exerti<jns of the mother- C'-tuntry, not by an infringement of its engagements with the

Appendix B. 107

colonists, but by earnest rcconiniendations and perseverini^ efforts to increase the Christian population, l)y the instruction of the Hotten- tots and Negroes, as well slaves as free. I am prepared to find that the first endeavours may not be greatly successful, but they will gradually increase in influence, and the public mind may in the meantime be improved and enlightened by religious instruction. The success of the Moravians, at their establishment for the con- version and civilization of the Hottentots at Bavians Kloof, which I visited on mj^ journey, affords the strongest encouragement to similar efforts being made by the Church of England. The con- templation of the truly benign elfects resulting from the mild and patient conduct of these excellent people, the rapid progress their converts Avere making in religion and in the acquisition of the comforts of hfe, first excited in me the wish to address your Lord- ship, firmly impressed ^nth the conviction that one amiable, benevolent, and consistent clergyman of the Church of England would, in the course of a very short time, produce effects equally salutary, not only on the poor and destitute inhabitants of the Colony, but that his influence would extend to the wealthy farmer and his dependents.

"The expense of such an undertaking need not be great. A certain extent of land given, in the first instance, by the Crown, for <i churcli and glebe, and another for distribution amongst free persons of every description, whether Europeans, Hottentots, Negroes, or- Malays, might be granted whenever required. These settlers should be assisted in the infancy of the institution Avith a small — but very small — portion of capital, so as to enable them to provide articles of the first necessity, such as clothes, furniture, implements for building, cattle and corn for the first year, the amount of which might be paid off by very moderate instalments.

" I am firmly convinced that the happiest effects would very soon result from such an undertaking. It would be no wild speculation, but one that must be of essential benefit to the Colony and thence to the mother-country ; for the expenses would in a short time be defrayed by increase of trade and national prosperity. I beg leave to give your Lordship an instance of the value that becomes immediately attached to land in this Colony when put under cultivation, or rather when it is only in contemplation to cultivate it. The proprietors of difterent estates in Hottentot's Holland, about thirty miles from Capetown, were desirous of building a church to which their famihes might resort on the Sabbath, instead of having a journey of twelve miles to perform in going to the church at Stellenbosch. A piece of ground was selected for the purpose, and purchased by subscrii)tion for 23,000 guilders; a portion of it was marked out for the church, another for the clergy- man's house and garden, and, as there remained a considerable quantity beyond what was required for these purposes, it was sold

I08 Appendix B.

by auction in small lots for building houses near the church, and brought the extraordinary price of 161,000 guilders. A similar effect, although probably not so great in degree, Avill result whenever a government establishment may take place. By building and endowing a church. Government would be enabled to sell the con- tiguous ground so advantageously as to remunerate them for all the expenses ; and by sending inhabitants from England for new settlements, the chief want of the Colony would be supplied — that of 2^opulation ; whilst numbers now starving and destitute in the mother-country would be provided for, and the poor rates relieved in proportion. But what is of still greater im- portance, the Christian rehgion would be promoted in every jjart of this extensive Colony. An establishment of this kind would be particularly desirable in the vicinity of Knysna, of Mossel Bay, and the Brede Eivoi*. The Knysna and the Brede Eiver are secure and valuable ports, only ascertained to be such within the last two years ; and Mossel Bay may at a very trifling expense become such in a very short time. They are all situated in fertile corn countries. The Knysna has the additional advantage of being in the immediate vicinity of an extensive and valuable forest, where timber for building the largest ships is to be had in abundance and with facility. Upon an attentive consideration of all these circumstances, I cannot resist the impulses I feel to entreat your Lordship's notice of them, and that you would be pleased to recommend the measure of even one clergyman of the Church of England being sent out and established in either of the places above mentioned, with a very limited number of poor families from England, by way of an experiment, upon the success of which may depend the extension of the plan.

" I have the honour to be, etc.,

" J. Brextok."

( 109 )

APPENDIX C.

Ordinance of His Excellency the Governor in Council, for authorising a sum of money to be raised in shares,

FOR ERECTIxSIG AN ENGLISH ChURCH AT CaPE ToWN.

Whereas several Persons have subscribed certain sums of money for the purpose of erecting a Church at Cape Town, for the Cele- bration of Divine Service according to the Rites of the United Church of England and Ireland, as by law established, on the site consecrated for that purpose by the late Lord Bishop of Calcutta, upon tlie principle that such Subscribers should have a right of property in the pews of the said Cliurch, and in or about the month of October, in the year of our Lord 1827, a Committee of Management was appointed for carrying their intention into effect, which Committee hath received part of the said Subscriptions, to- gether with several sums of money from various Persons, by way of Donations, for furthering the building of the said Church : And whereas His Excellency the Governor hath agi-eed to grant from the Treasury of this Colony, towards the Building and completing the said Church, to the Persons who shall undertake and become bound for completing the same, a sum not exceeding the sum of £5000 sterling, in manner following — that is to say, the sum of

£500, when the foundations are up to the surface, and completed ;

£500, when the walls are as high as the bottom of the windows ;

£500, when the walls are as high as the tops of the windows ;

£1000, when the walls are roof high, the wall-plates on, and the roof in frame ;

£1000, when the Mason's and Bricklayer's work is completed, including the tower ;

£500, when the plastering inside and outside is completed ;

£500, when the Joiner's work is completed ;

And the remainder of the said sum of £5000 to be paid when the whole building is taken over from the Contractors in a complete state.

And whereas the said Committee have received and approved of a plan and specification for building tlie said Church, together with tenders for the building thereof according to the said plan and specification, but the several sums befoi'c-mcntioned have been found to be insufficient for completing the said building : Where- upon at a public Meeting of the said Subscribers and Committee of Management, holdcn pursuant to advertisement and notice thereof

no Appendix C.

in the Commercial Advertiser Xeivsiia^Kr^ on the 27th day ot August now last, it was agreed and resolved by the said Subscribers and Committee of Management (amongst other things), that the said scheme should be percmf)torily relinquished; and that in order to raise a sum of money amounting together with the said sum to be granted by His Excellency the Governor as aforesaid, and the said donations, to the sum of £12,070, being near *or about the estimated cost of building and completing the said Churcli, a cer- tain number of Shares should be disposed of — that is to say, the number of 250 Shares at £25 each. And whereas several of the said Subscribers, and other Persons, have agreed to take Shares in the said loan as aforesaid — that is to say.

The Honorable Sir John Wylde, Knight, Chief Justice of this Colony ; the Honorable Lieutenant-Colonel John T3ell, C.B. ; and the Reverend George Hough, Master of Arts ; ten Shares each.

Lieutenant-Colonel William Hopper; eight Shares.

liicc Jones Jones, and Hamilton Ross; six Shares each.

George Thompson and John Bardwell Ebden ; five Shares each.

William Hay ward, Assistant Commissary General ; the Reverend Edward Judge, Master of Arts; William Scott; Laurence Twenty- man ; Hudson, Donaldson, and Dixon ; and William Hawkins, Agent to the Honorable the East India Company ; four Shares each.

Ewan Christian ; and Samuel Oliver; three Shares each.

Thomas Kift Deaue ; William Hutchons; George Grcig ; John Deane ; Francis Collison ; James Home ; George Wilson Prince ; John Blore; John Robert Thomson; William Hey ward ; Edward Durban & Co. ; Charles Baron de Lorentz ; William Wilberforce Bird ; Henry Buckton ; John Barker ; Joseph Simpson ; John Thomas Buck; the Honorable William Westbrooke Burton, one of the Judges of the Supreme Court ; Antonio Chiappini ; Edward Smith; William Hunt; Benjamin Philli])s; Charles Mackenzie; Isaac Manuel ; Carel Ferdinand Heinrich von Ludwig ; Robert Waters ; Edward George ; Lieutenant James Bance, of the Royal Xavy; Robert Reeves; Major George Jackman Rogers; the Honorable Joachim Willem Stoll ; Anthony Oliphant, His Majesty's Attorney General for this Colony; Charles Dixon; Daniel Jacob Cloete; Henry Hewitt; James Smith; William Billingsley; Thomas Fair- clough; Clorke Burton, Master of the Supreme Court; the Honor- able George Kekewich, one of the Judges of the Su])reme Court ; Hendrik Cloete, L.'sson; Herman Schutte; Major Charles Cornwallis Michell; Thomas and John Sinclair; Lieutenant-Colonel William Cuthbcrt I'ilphinstone Holloway, of the Royal Engineers; James Carfrae &: Company ; and James Carey ; two Shares each.

William John Mackrill ; Frederick Dickinson ; William Lawson; John Ilartfield Tredgold ; George William Silbcrbauer; George Herbert; Frederik Ste])hanus Watcrmeyer; Hercules Tennant ; Captain William Ronald ; James Duff Watt, Deputy Assistant

Appendix C. iii

Commissary General ; William Benson ; Picter Gerhard Brink, Auditor General ; Joseph Dixie ; John Brown ; Mrs. Johanna Adriana Hardman ; Samuel Capon ; William Gadney ; Thomas Elliot; Thomas Hall; Andries Thomas Stadler ; Willem Anthon Joseph Liesching ; Edwin Oldham ; Andrew Steedman ; Eichard Stone ; Joseph Sturgis ; John Syrae ; Thomas Heyward ; Jolm William Lolley; Thomas Ansdell; Daniel Mills, Jnn. ; Eoberfc Crozier ; Pieter Donald Plohne ; Joseph Trueman ; William Bride- kirk ; Egbert Andries Buyskes ; John Marshall ; Jacob Davies Gregory ; Adrian Christian Deneys ; Edward Eager ; Joseph Day ; Thomas Henry Bowles, Eegistrar of the Supreme Court; Petrus Borchardus Borcherds, Judge of Police ; Thomas Tennant ; Harrison Watson; Alexander Thomson ; John Fairbairn; Michiel Christian Wolff; James Molton ; Frederick Venablcs; Richard Heurtley; Michiel de Kock ; Johannes Henoch Neethling ; the Honorable Sir Johannes Andreas Truter, Knight ; Major Abraham Josias Cloete ; John Skirrow ; Abraham de Smidt ; William McDonald Mackay ; Edwin Maude ; Frederick Wilhelm Heideman ; Ker Baillie Hamil- ton ; Lancelot Cooke ; John Chisholm, Senior ; Ralph Rogerson ; Carel Gerhard Blackenberg ; John Samuel Merrington ; and Howson Edward Rutherfond; one Share each.

Authority given to raise a Sum of Money on Loan hy Shares. — And whereas the said Persons have made application that an Ordi- nance may be passed, to sanction and confirm the plan adopted at the said Meeting, and to provide for carrying the same into effect : — Now, therefore, be it enacted by His Excellency the Governor in Council, that from and after the passing of this Ordinance, the said first-mentioned Scheme shall and may be abandoned and relin- guished ; and that it shall and may be lawful for the said Persons who have already agreed, and all such as shall by virtue of any of the Provisions of this Ordinance hereafter agree to take Shares in the said loan, to raise among themselves, in manner and for the purpose aforesaid, such a sum of money as, together with the said sum so to be granted from the Colonial Treasury, and the said donations, shall amount to the sum of £12,070 ; and it shall and may be lawful for such Persons to become Share-Holders in the said loan, and to take such Shares therein (not exceeding by any one Person the number of ten Shares) as such persons have already agreed, or shall hereafter agree to take in the said loan, until the whole number of 250 Shares shall have been disposed of.

Of the Shake-Holders, — their Rights and Privileges.

II. Shares ivhen and hoiv saleable and transferahle. — And be it enacted. That no Share shall be transferable by any Holder thereof, nor any i-ight nor interest therein, until all the calls thereon shall have been paid, as hereinafter mentioned ; but after the said calls

1 1 2 Appendix C.

sliall have been paid, it shall and may be lawful for any Sharc- Holder to sell or transfer his Share or Shares, and all his right and interest in respect thereof, to any other Person, by endorsement on the said Share, or otherwise as he shall see fit : Provided, however, that no sale of any such Share shall take place by public auction, but sliall be by private contract only ; and that the person to whom any Share or Shares shall be sold or transferred as aforesaid, shall forthwith give notice thereof to the Trustees, to be elected in manner hereinafter-mentioned.

III. Interest upon Shares. — And be it enacted, That the sums advanced by Share-Holders in respect of their several Shares, shall bear interest from and after the day on which the said Church shall be opened for Divine Service therein, and not sooner.

IV. Suhscrihers to the original 2^lan, to have a preference in talcing Shares. — And be it enacted. That all Persons who have subscribed to the original plan for building the said Church, and have alrcad}'- paid the first instalment of their Subscription, shall, until and upon the 4th day of September next, be entitled to become Share-Holders in the said loan, in x^i'cference to all others who have not so subscribed and paid as aforesaid ; and all those Subscribers who shall decline to take Shares in the said loan, shall be entitled to demand and receive back from the Committee of Management, during the time of their continuance in office, and afterwards from tlie Trustees, all such sums of money as they sliall have paid as aforesaid.

V. Holders of more than Five Shares, to give up part of their Shares if necessary. — And be it enacted, That if it should happen that the whole number of 250 Shares shall be taken bel'ore the 4th day of September next, and there should then be other Persons desirous of taking Shares, those who have agreed to take more than five Shares shall relinguish each one Share, beginning with the Holder of the greatest number of Shares, until the required number of Shares shall be provided ; and the order in which such Shares .shall be relinquished by the Holders of an equal number of Shares, shall, if need be, be determined by ballot amongst them, — provided, however, that the original Holder of a greater number of Shares, who shall in manner before-mentioned have been reduced to be the Holder of a smaller number, shall not be again obliged to relinguish or give up a Sliare, nor be included in any such ballot as aforesaid, until all the original Holders of such smaller number shall each have relinquished and given up a Share.

VI. Shareholders rights of voting. — And be it enacted, that all the Share-Holders in the said loan shall have the right of voting in the election of Trustees, and in all matters relating to the erection of the said Church, and the management of the funds thereof, until the said loan shall have been wholly repaid and dis- charged, according to the number of their respective Shares, — that

Appendix C. ii3

is to say, the Holder of one Share shall be entitled to ono vote ; the Holder of two or three Shares shall be entitled to two votes ; the Holder of four or five Shares, to three votes ; the Holder of six or seven Shares, to four votes ; and the Holder of eight, nine, or ten Shares, to five votes.

VII. Shareliolders right of cJioosing and renting Feius. — And be it enacted, That on the completion of the said Church, and after the i^roper number of pews shall have been set apart and allotted for the use of the Governor, Minister, and Church- Wardens, as hereinafter-mentioned, all Share-Holders shall have a right to become each the Renter of a pew, in preference to any other Persons who possess no Shares ; and the Share-Holders shall amongst themselves

. have priority in the choice of pews, of whatever size, or seats not exceeding six, according to the number of their Shares, — the Holders of the greater number of Shares to have the prior choice ; and the choice of Holders of an equal number of Shares, to be determined, if need be, by ballot amongst them : Provided, however, that it shall and may be lawful for the Trustees at their discretion, upon the application of any Share-Holder, whose Family may require a greater number of seats in the said Church than six, to permit and allow such Share-Holder to choose two adjoining pews, such two pews containing not more than ten sittings.

VIII. No second choice in respect of the same Shares until the Few first chosen has been relinquished. — And be it enacted. That the Trustees shall keep a book, or plan, wherein shall be entered the names of all Share-Holders, in the order of the number of Shares taken by them, the numbers of their said Shares respectively, and the number or description of the pew chosen by each Share- Holder in respect thereof; and every Share-Holder shall, on making his choice as aforesaid, sign his name in a column opposite to the said entry, in acknowledgment of the truth thereof; and no second choice shall be afterwards made by any Holder of the same Shares, or any of them, except upon the pew so chosen as aforesaid being first relinquished and given up.

IX. Nature of Shareholders right in Pews. — ^And be it enacted, That upon any Share-Holder having duly made choice of a pew, the said Share-Holder, his Heirs and Assigns, shall and may for ever afterwards possess and occupy the same, without the hindrance or disturbance of any Person whomsoever, so long as he or they shall continue to pay the rent affixed thereon, when and as the same shall become due and payable, and shall continue to hold the Share or Shares in respect of which the said pew was chosen, or the same shall have been paid off by the Trustees by virtue of any of the Provisions of this Ordinance.

X. General Meetings of Shareholders luhen and how holden. — And be it enacted. That a General Meeting of the Sharc-Holdert shall be holden on the first Monday of October, in every year, as

I

114 Appendix C.

sucli place as shall l)e appointed by the Trustees for that purpose, and notice Avhereof shall he given by them b}^ advertisement in one of the Newspapers of this Colony fourteen days at least before the same is to be liolden ; and it shall and may be lawful for the Trus- tees, or the Auditors, or cither of the Auditors, to be elected as hereinafter-mentioned, at any time to call a General Meeting of the Share-Holders, upon giving the like notice thereof.

Of the Trustees and Auditors, their Powers and Duties.

XI. Time and mode of electing the first Trustees and Auditors. — And be it enacted, 1'hat on the 9th day of September now next, a General Meeting of the Share-Holders shall be holden at some convenient place in Cape Town, notice whereof shall be given by the said Committee of Management, by advertisement in one of the public papers of this Colony, six days at least before the said Meeting is appointed to be holden, for the purpose of electing Trustees and Auditors ; and it shall and may be lawful for the said Share-Holders, or the greater part assembled at such Meeting, to elect out of the said Share-Holders any number of Persons, not exceeding nine, to be Trustees, and two other Persons to be Auditors of the accounts of the said Trustees.

XII. Time of Trustees Jiolding Office. — And be it enacted. That the Trustees so elected liy the Share-Holders, and such as shall afterwards be elected, upon the death, resignation, or removal, of any Trustee as hereinafter-mentioned, shall continue in office until the first Monday in October next after the said Church shall be erected and completed ; and that upon the said first Monday in October, and yearly afterwards on the same day, three of the said Trustees shall go out of office, and three other Trustees shall be elected instead of them, by and out of the Share-Holders in manner aforesaid, until the whole of the first appointed and preceding Trustees shall have been relieved, and the order of their so going out of office shall, if necessary, be determined by ballot amongst them.

XIII. Election of Auditors. — And be it enacted, Tliat two Per- sons not being Trustees, shall be elected by and out of the Share- Ilolders yearly, on the Hrst Monday in October, to be Auditors of the Accounts of the said Trustees.

XIV. Committee of Management to deliver all liooJcs, Papers^ and Funds to the Trustees. — And be it enacted, That the said Com- mittee of ^lanagcment shall upon the election of Trustees as afore- said, and upon their accc])tance of the said office, deliver over to the said Trustees all deeds, books, plans, ])apers, and vouchers, re- lating to the said Church, in their custody or power, and all and any sums of money, donations, or subscri))tions, given or subscribed for the purpose aforesaid, in their possession and control, and the said

Appendix C. ii5

Committee of Management, and the office and duties thereof, shall thereupon cease and determine.

XV. Purposes for luliich the Trustees shall stand jiossessed of, and apply the Chtirch Funds. — And be it enacted, That the said Trus- tees, and all others who shall from time to time be hereafter elected as Trustees, under any of the Provisions of this Ordinance, shall, during the time of their continuance of office, stand and be possessed of all the said sums of mone}^ donations, and subscriptions (except such part thereof as shall be liable to be returned to Subscribers demanding the same as aforesaid), and of all such sums of money as shall at any time hereafter be granted to them from the Colonial Treasury as aforesaid, or shall arise from payments made by the Share-Holders, in respect of their said Shares, or otherwise ; and of all such donations and subscriptions, as shall at any time hereafter be given or subscribed for the purpose aforesaid, or in aid of the fund of the said Church ; and of all rents and revenues arising from the letting of pews, fees for placing monuments in the said Church, or in the enclosed Ground about the same, or in the Burial Ground belonging to the said Church as hereinafter-mentioned, and for digging vaults in the said Burial Ground, Upon trust in the first place, and until the said Church shall be erected and completed, to cause the said Church to be erected and completed according to the said plan and specification thereof : And from and after the erection and completion of the said Church Upon trust to pay and apply the said sums of money, donations, subscriptions, rents, and revenues, in manner following — That is to say : In the first place, to pay thereovit the cost of all necessary repairs and expenses in and about the said Church, for repairing, keeping up, and main- taining the same : secondly, in payment of the interest, together with any arrears thereof, due to the several Share-Holders, on the sums advanced by them on their respective Shares, in an equal rate, when and as the funds at their disposal shall enable them so to do ; and lastly, upon trust to pay and apply the residue thereof, in dis- charge of the loan advanced by the Share-Holders, whenever and as often as the said residue shall be sufficient to pay off a part of the said loan, at a rate of not less than one pound sterling upon each Sliare, until the whole of the said loan shall be paid off and discharged.

XVI. Power of Trustees to compel payment of sums due to the Church Fund, and to make Contracts, &c. — And be it enacted, That it shall and may be lawful for the Trustees, to call in and compel payment of all sums of money, which are or shall be at any time hereafter due and payable to them, under and by virtue of any of the Provisions of this Ordinance ; and in their own names to make and enter into, perform and execute, and compel the performance and execution of all such contracts and agreements, matters and

1 2

Ii6 Appendix C.

things, as they shall from time to time deem necessary for erecting and completing the said Church as aforesaid.

XVII. Actions hy Trustees to he hrourjlit. — And bo it enacted. That it shall and may be lawful for the Trustees, as such, at all times and from time to time, as they shall see tit, to commence and maintain all such suits and actions in anj competent Court in this Colony, as they shall deem necessary, in performance of the trust reposed in them, against any Share- Holder, or other Person what- soever ; and all such suits and actions shall and may be brought by them in the names of " 1'he Trustees of the English Church at Cape Town," or " The Trustees of Church at Cape Town " (describing the same by its name, after it shall have been named), as the case may require, without specifying the christian or surnames of the Trustees ; and no action shall abate by reason of the death or removal or going out of office of any Trustee.

XVIII. Actions against Trustees or Shareholders hoiv to he hrought. And be it enacted, That all suits or actions, the cause of which shall arise or accrue to any Person whatsoever, from or by reason of any contract or agreement, or any other matter or thing, made or entered into, done or performed, by the said Trustees, in the execution of the said Trust, or which shall arise or accrue to any Person whatsoever, against the said Share-Holders jointly, shall be brought by such Persons against the said Trustees, in manner and in the names aforesaid, and not against any individual Share-Holder or Share-Holders.

XIX. Foiuer of the Trustees to call upon the Shareholders for Payments. — And be it enacted. That it shall and may be lawful for the Trustees, from time to time, to call upon the Share-Holders li»r such payments, in resjjcct of their said Shares, as together with tlie donations and sum of money to be granted from the Colonial Treasury as aforesaid, they may deem necessary for carrying on the building, and comjileting the said Church as aforesaid ; provided, however, that no such call shall at any one time exceed one-fifth part of the amount of the said Shares, and that the whole of such calls shall not, except in the case hereinafter provided for, exceed the amount of £25, in respect of each Share ; Provided always, and be it further enacted. That if the expense of building and com- pleting the Church according to the said ])lan and specification, should exceed the sum of £12,070, then it shall and may be lawful for the Trustees to make a further call on each Share-Holder for a proportional part of the said deficiency; such last-mentioned call, however, in no case to exceed the sum of £5 sterling in respect of each Share.

XX. Calls to he Advertised hy the Trustees. — And be it enacted, That the Trustees shall cause all calls made by them to be adver- tised in the public newspapers of this Colony, together with the

Appendix C. 117

time and place appointed by them for payment thereof, fourteen days at least before the said time.

XXI. Shares of Shareholders neglecting to pay calls may he forfeited and disjposed of to other Persons by the Trustees. — And be

it enacted, That if any Share-Holder shall neglect or refuse to pay at the time and place appointed for that purpose, his proportion of any lawful call made by the Trustees upon the Share-Holders as aforesaid, and the same shall be in arrear for the space of fourteen days next after the said day appointed for payment, it shall and may be lawful for the said Trustees, if they shall think fit, to declare and pronounce the Share or Shares of such Share-Holders to be forfeited, and the same shall thereupon be forfeited accordingly ; — and it shall and may be lawful for the said Trustees to dispose of such forfeited Share or Shares to any Person who may be desirous of possessing the ^same ; provided, however, that nothing herein contained shall extend or be construed to prevent the said Trustees from bringing and maintaining their action against any Share- Holder refusing or neglecting to pay as aforesaid, if they shall think fit so to do, instead of declaring and pronouncing his Share or Shares to be forfeited as aforesaid.

XXII. Accounts of Trustees, how to he kept and inspected. — And be it enacted. That the Trustees shall keep an account, wherein they shall enter all money received and paid by them under and by virtue of the Provisions of this Ordinance, which account the Auditors, or either of them, may inspect at all reasonable times ; and the said account, together with any report of the Auditors, or either of them thereon, shall be laid before the Share-Holders for their inspection at the General Annual Meetings, and the said accounts shall be thereupon published in one of the public news- papers of this Colony.

XXIII. Trustees to pay all Sums exceeding £20 into the Banh. — And be it enacted. That the Trustees shall, as soon as they shall receive any sum of money exceeding £20, open an account with the Government Discount Bank in this Colony, in the names of the Trustees ; and such sum, and every other sum exceeding £20, so received by them, shall be forthwith paid into the said Bank, to be l)laced to tlie credit of such account ; and all checks or orders for payment of any such money out of the said Bank, shall truly express the cause of such payment, and the name of the Person in whose favor it is drawn, and shall be signed by all the Trustees, or by two of them for themselves and Co-Trustees.

XXIV. Penalty on Trustee improperly retaining or em2)loying Church Money, or permitting a Co-Trustee, &c. — And be it enacted, That any Trustee who shall retain in his hands, or knowingly permit any Co-Trustee so to retain, any sum of money exceeding £20, part of the Church Fund, longer than until the first day after his receiving the same, upon which it shall be possible for him to

Ii8 Appendix C.

pay the said sum, or cause it to be paid into the said Bank ; or shall employ for his own benefit, or knowingly pemiit any Co-Trustee so to employ, any sum of money, part of the Church Fund, shall and may be removeable by the said Share-Holders from his said office, and shall moreover forfeit and pay, for the benefit of the Church Fund, double the amount of the sum so retained or employed, and which shall and may be recovered by the other Trustees by action in any competent Court.

XXV. On the comjyJetioyi of the Church, Trustees Accounts to he wound vj), and no /mother calls to he made. — And be it enacted. That as soon as the said Church shall be erected and completed as aforesaid, the accounts of the said Trustees shall thereupon be finally wound up and audited, and laid before the Share-Holders for their inspection ; and no further call shall be afterwards made upon the Share-Holders, in respect of their Shares.

XXVI. Death, resignation, or removal of Trustees. — And be it enacted. That in case any Trustee shall die, or desire to resign his said office, or shall be removed as aforesaid, the surviving or other Trustees shall forthwith call a IMeeting of the Share-Holders, for the purpose of electing a new Trustee in the jilace of the one so dying or desiring to resign, or being removed as aforesaid ; and the same notice shall be given of the time and place of the said Meeting, and the same proceedings shall be observed thereat, as upon the original election of Trustees ; provided, however, that no Trustee shall bo permitted to resign his office, until he shall have duly accounted to the satisfaction of the Share-Holders, for all sums of money at any time received by him.

Of the Vestry and Ciiurch-AVardens.

XXVII. Vestry luhen and hov) formed nntll the Loan ixild off. — And be it enacted, That as soon as the said Church shall be erected and completed as aforesaid, the Trustees shall take over and enter upon the same ; and the care and government of the said Church

■ shall thenceforward, and until the said loan shall have been wholly paid off in manner licrein-before provided, together with the interest thereon as aforesaid, be committed to a Vestry, consisting of the officiating Minister for the time being, and the Trustees elected by the Share-Holders in manner aforesaid ; and the said Minister shall, when he is present, preside at the said Vestry, and when he is absent, then one of the Trustees elected by them, and in case of an equality of votes at any meeting of sucli Vestry, the President shall have a casting vote.

XXVIII.-/>?^/.y of the T'e.sAry.— And be it enacted, That the duty of the said Vestry shall be to provide the said Church with necessary and customary furniture for the performance of Divine Worshij), and the use of the officiating Minister therein; and to keci^ the same clean and in proper repair.

Appendix C. 119

XXIX. Church-Wardens lulien and hoiv to he chosen. — And be it enacted, That there shall be two Church- Wardens chosen yearly, on the first Monday in October, by the Vestry from their own number, who shall perform and execute all lawful acts, matters, and things necessary for the good order and decency of behaviour to be kept and observed in the said Cliurch by the congregation thereof, and for preserving to all Persons their rights in the said pews and sittings.

Of Choosing and Eenting Pews.

XXX. Pews for Governor, Minister, and Church-Wardens, free Seats to be set ajmrt. — And be it enacted. That before any choice of pews by the Share-Holders shall take place, there shall be set apart and allotted by the Vestry a pew sufficient to hold ten persons at least, for the use of His Excellencj^ the Governor of this Colony ; another pew sufficient to hold six persons for the Minister ; and a third sufticient to hold four persons for the Church- Wardens ; and there shall be also set apart in some convenient part of the said Church, 300 free seats at the least for the use of poor Persons.

XXXI. Choice of Feivs hy Share-Holders, ctnd rent thereof. — And be it enacted, That as soon as may be after the erection and completion of the said Church, the Trustees shall call together the Share-Holders of each class, according to their number of Shares, for the purpose of exercising their rights in the choice of pews ; and the rents of all such pews as shall be chosen by Share-Holders, shall be fixed according to the number of sittings at which such pews respectively shall be rated, at 15s. yearly for each sitting, and no more.

XXXII. Notice to he given of vacant Peius. — And be it enacted. That after the Share-Holders shall have chosen their pews, in manner provided for that piurpose, the Trustees shall give notice of all the pews and seats which are then vacant, by affixing the same in writing upon the door of the said Church, and otherwise as they shall see tit ; and the said Trustees shall give the like notice for six successive weeks, at the end of each year, of all the pews which are vacant, or will become vacant, at the commencement of the next year.

XXXIII. SjKcre Feius how rented, and rights of holders of such Pews. — And be ii enacted, That all the pews and seats in the said Church, except the ]iews set apart for His Excellency the Governor, the Minister and Church- Wardens, and the said free seats, and the pews chosen by Share-Holders, shall and may be let by the said Trustees by the year, or for any shorter period, to any Person desiring to take the same, at a rent to be affixed to the same respec- tively, by the Vestry, and payable at such time and in such manner, as shall be a]ipointed by the Trustees : and the Holder of any pew so rented, shall and may possess and occupy the same by himself, or his Assigns, without any hindrance or disturbance by any person whatsoever, until the end of the said term; provided he shall con-

120 Appendix C.

tinue to pay the rent affixed to the same, at the times whereon and in the manner in which the same shall be made payable.

XXXIV. Remedy of the Trustees, if Few rents in arrear for 28 days. — And be it enacted, That it shall and may be lawful for the Trustees, whenever and as often as it shall happen that the rent of any pew is in arrear and unpaid for the space of twenty-eight days after the same is due and payable, to give notice to the Possessor of such pew forthwith to quit and give up the possession thereof; and thereupon it shall and may be lawful for the said Trustees to re- enter into the possession of the said pew for the purpose of this Ordinance, without any other form or proceeding whatever; — and no Person having been so dispossessed of his pew for non-payment of rent, shall be entitled afterwards to any priority in the choice of a pew ; provided, however, that nothing herein contained shall extend or be construed to deprive the Trustees from recovering the amount of such rent in arrear by action as aforesaid, in any com- petent Court.

Of Burials, Monuments, and Vaults.

XXXV. No Burials to take place luithin the Church or Church- yard.— And be it enacted, That no burials shall take place within or under the said Church, or any part of the enclosed Ground about the same; but the burials of all Persons, according to the rites and ceremonies of the Church of England, shall take place in the Burial Ground consecrated and allotted, or Avliich may hereafter be conse- crated nnd allotted, to the said Church for that ]->urpose.

XXXVI.^ Monuments, and Vaults, and Fees on erecting or mahiny. — And l)e it enacted, Tliat it shall and may be lawful for the officiating Minister and Church-Wardens for the time being, to permit any monuments to be erected or placed in such convenient parts of the said Church, or of the enclosed Ground about the same, or in the Burial Ground belonging thereto ; or vaults to be dug and made in the said Burial Ground, upon the i)ayment to the Fund of the said Church for such permission by the Person or Persons de- siring to erect and jjlace any monument in the said Church, or enclosed Ground about the same, or in the said Burial Ground, or to dig and make any vault in the said Ikiriai Ground, of such a reasonable fee, as shall be affixed by the said Vestry, for such per- mission, according to the terms and extent thereof.

XXX VII. Jiiyhts of the owner of any Monument or Vault. — And be it further enacted, That it shall and may be lawful for any Person or Persons erecting or i)lacing any monument in the said Church, or enclosed Ground about the same, or in the said Burial Ground, or digging and making any vault in the said liurial Ground by and with such permission as aforesaid to have, maintain, and keep up such monument or vault, according to the terms of such permission to and for the sole and sei)arate use of the said Person or Persons, and his or their Heirs for ever.

Appendix C. 121

Of the YeSTRY to be ArPOINTED AT THE TERMINATION OF

THE Trust.

XXXVIII. Office of the Trustees when to cease, and Election of New Vestry. — And be it enacted, That on the first Monday in the month of October next after the whole of the said loan and the interest thereon shall have been paid off and discharged as aforesaid, the office of the Trustees and Auditors shall thereupon cease and determine — and in the place of the said Trustees, there shall be elected on the said first Monday in October, and yearly afterwards on the same day, by and out of the resident Inhabitants of Cape Town, being Members of and holding Communion with the United Church of England and Ireland as by law established, a like num- ber of Persons who shall, together with the officiating Minister for the time being, form a Vestry for the future care and government of the said Church, and a like number of other Persons, to be Auditors of the accounts of the said Vestry ; and the Trustees last in office as aforesaid, shall upon the last-mentioned Vestry entering upon their said office, surrender and give up to the said last-men- tioned Vestry all documents, books, plans, papers, and vouchers, relating to the said Church, and the administration of the funds thereof, and all sums of money in their custody, possession, or control, arising from and belonging to the Church Fund.

XXXIX. Powers and Duties of the new Vestry — And be it enacted, That the said Vestry so from time to time constituted and elected by such Inhabitant Householders as aforesaid, shall and may have and exercise all the same powers, rights, and duties respecting the said Church, and the care and government thereof, and the administration of the funds, rents, and revenues thereof, and all other matters and things relating to the same as shall and may be exercised by the Trustees and Vestry, or either of them constituted and elected by such Share-Holders as aforesaid, under and by virtue of any of the Provisions of this Ordinance, in so far as the said powers, rights, and duties, shall be applicable to the then existing circumstances of the said Church.

XL. And be it enacted, That this Ordinance shall be deemed and taken to be a Public Ordinance, and shall be judiciously taken notice of as such, by all Judges, Magistrates, and others, without being specially pleaded.

God SAVE the King ! Given at the Cape of Good Hope, this 1st day of September, 1829. By Command of His Excellency the Governor, (Signed) JOHX BELL,

Secretary to Government.

By Order of the Council,

(Signed) K. P>. HAMILTON,

Clerk of the Council.

( 122 )

APPENDIX D.

The Memorial of the Clergy axd Laymen of the Unitei> Church of England and Ireland, resident in the Eastern Province of the Cape of Good Hope, to the Committee of the Colonial Bishops' Fund.

Humbly Sheweth, — That the Colony of the Cape of Good Hope, which has been annexed to the British dominions since the year 1806, contains, as appears from official returns, about 110,000 square miles, and 100,000 inhabitants ; that of this nmnber about two-thirds reside in the Western Province, and the rest in the Eastern Division. That in the Eastern Province about one-half of the inhabitants are European, and the other half natives of the different tribes. That there are in the Western Province about G,G00 persons belonging to the Church of England, while in the Eastern they are computed at 3,400, making altogether 10,000 souls. That there are at present six clergymen employed, and six churches in the Western Division, while five clergymen and two catechists are employed in the Eastern Province, where there are five places of worship already completed, and three others in contemplation. 'Jliat though the members of tlic Church of England resident in Cape Town and its immediate vicinit}' have occasionally enjoyed Episcopal visitation and confirmation from bishops proceeding to the eastward, yet the other parts of this extensive countr}', including the Eastern Province, in which a large number of British emigrants were settled in 1820, have never enjoyed any of these advantages ; so that in this respect the Church of England has l)een left in a much worse position than anj'- other denomination of Christians in the Colony ; for, while the Dutch lleformed Church has its Pres- byters and Synods, the Wesieyans, and even the Indejiendents, their Missionary Superintendents, and the Poman Catholics tlieii- Vicars Apostolic, the Church of England is still without the means of carrying out her own rules and discipline, or any bond of union to connect and combine her efforts; without any spiritual authority to which her ministers or m(!mbers may refer in cases of difficulty or irregularity, or any ])ro])er channel of correspondence with the Home or Colonial Government ; since, in a word, without taking into account the Mauritius or St. Helena, which might conveniently be annexed to the See of the ('ape, there are in tliis Colony alone 10,000 souls belonging to the Church of England, eleven clergymen already employed, together with two catechists, eleven churches or chapels occupie<l, and several others in contemplation ; therefore on these grounds your memorialists do humbly pray that you would be pleased to use your influence in ])rocuring the early appointment of a I'ishop for the Ca])e of Good Ilo])e.

And your memorialibts, as in duty bound, will ever pray, ^c.

APPENDIX E.

Letters Patent of 1847.

Victoria, by tlie Grace of God of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, Queen, Defender of the Faith, to all whom tliese Presents shall come — Greeting. Whereas the doctrine and discipline of the United Chm-ch of England and Ireland are pro- fessed and observed by manj^ of our loving subjects resident in our colony or settlement of the Cape of Good Hojie, and in our island of St. Helena, and our aforesaid subjects are deprived of some of the offices prescribed by the liturgy and usage of the Church aforesaid, by reason that there is not a bishop residing and exercising jurisdic- tion and canonical functions within the same. And whereas, for remedy of the aforesaid inconveniences and defects, it is our ro5'-al intention to erect the said colony or settlement and island into a Bishop's See or Diocese. Now, know ye, that in pursuance of such our royal determination, we do by these our Letters Patent, under the Great Seal of our United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, erect, ordain, and constitute our said colony or settlement of the Cape of Good Hope, with its dependencies, and our said island of St. Helena, to be a Bishop's See and Diocese, and do declare and ordain, that the same shall be called the Bishopric of Capetown.

And to the end that this our intention may be carried into due effect, we having great confidence in the learning, morals, probity, and prudence of our well-beloved Ptobert Gray, Doctor of Divinity, do name and appoint him to be ordained and consecrated Bishop of the said See of Cn]ietown : and we do hereby signify to the most reverend Father in God, William, by Divine Providence Lord Arch- bishop of Canterbury, Prhnate of all England, and Metropolitan, the erection and constitution of the said see and diocese, and our nomi- nation of the said Robert Gray. Requiring, and, by the faith and love whereby he is bound unto us, commanding the said most reverend Father in God t(j ordain and consecrate the said Ilobert Gray to be Bishop of the said see or diocese in manner accustomed, and diligently to do and perform all other things appertaining to his office in this behalf, with effect. And we do ordain and declare, that the said Piobert Gray, so by us nominated and a]^pointod, after having been ordained and consecrated thereunto as aforesaid, may, by virtue of such ap[)ointment and consecration, enter into and possess the said l)isho])'s see, as Bishop thereof, without let or im- l^ediment from us, our heirs or successors, for the term of his natural

124 Appendix E,

life, subject nevertheless to the right of resignation hereinafter more particularly expressed.

Moreover, we will and grant by these presents, that the Bishop of Capetown shall be a body corporate, and do ordain, make, and con- stitute him to be a perj^etual corporation, and to have perpetual succession, and that he and his successors be for ever hereafter called or knoAvu by the title of the Lord Bishop of Capetown, and that he and his successors by the name or title aforesaid shall be able and capable in the law, and have full power to purchase, have, take, hold, and enjoy manors, messuages, lands, rents, tenements, annuities, and hereditaments of what nature or kind soever, in fee and in per])etuity, or for a term of life or years, and also all manner of goods, chattels, and things personal whatsoever, of what nature or value soever ; and that he and his successors, by and under the said name and title, may prosecute, claim, plead and be impleaded, defend and be defended, answer and be answered, in all manner of courts of us, our heirs and successors, and elsewhere, in and upon all and singular causes, actions, suits, writs, and demands, real and personal and mixed, as well spiritual as temjjoral, and in all other things, causes, and matters whatsoever ; and that the said Bishop of Capetown, and his successors, shall and may for ever hereafter have and use a corporate seal, and the said seal, from time to time, at his and their will and jileasure, brake, change, alter, or make anew, as he or they shall deem expedient. And we do further by these presents ordain and constitute the town of Capetown, witliiu the said colony or settlement of the Cape of Good IJopc, to be a Bishop's see, and the seat of the said Bishop. And we do ordain that the said town of Capetown shall henceforth be a city, and be called the City of Capetown.

And we do hereby further ordain and declare that the Church called St. George, in the said City of CapetoAvn, shall henceforth lie the Cathedral Church and Sec of the said Robert Gray, and his successors, Bishops of Capetown;

But, nevertheless, that it shall and may be lawful for the said Bishop and his successors, by any writing or writings under his or tlieir hand and episcopal seal, to make and constitute any other church now erected, or hereafter to be erected, within the said city, or the liberties thereof, to be the Cathedral Church and See of the said Bishop and his successors, in the place and stead of the Church of Saint George af(jresaid.

And we do further ordam and declare that the said Bishop of Capetown and his successors shall be subject and subordinate to the Metro})olitical See of Canterl)ury, and to the Arclibishops thereof in the same manner as any Bisho]) of any See within the ])roviuce of Canterbury, in our Kingdom of England, is under the same Metro- political See and the Archbishops thereof.

And we (l<j further will and ordain that every Bishop of Capetown

Appendix E. 125

shall take an oath of due obedience to the Archbishop of Canterbury for the time being, as his Metropolitan, which oath shall be ministered by the said Archbishop, or by any person by him duly authorised and appointed for that purpose.

And we do further by these presents, expressly declare that the said Bishop of Capetown and his successors, having been respectively by us, our heirs, and successors, named and appointed, and by the said Archbishop of Canterbury for the time being canonically ordained and consecrated, according to the form of the United Church of England and Ireland, may perform all the functions peculiar and appropriate to the office of Bishop within the said Diocese of Capeto\vn.

And for a declaration of the spiritual causes and matters in which the aforesaid jurisdiction may be more specially exercised, we do by these presents further declare that the aforesaid Bishop of Cape- town, and his successors, may exercise and enjoy full power and authority, by himself or themselves, or by the Archdeacon or Archdeacons, or the Vicar-General, or other officer or officers herein- after mentioned, to give institution to benejEices, to grant licences to officiate to all Eectors, Curates, Ministers, and Chaplains of all the Churches or Chapels, or other places within the said Diocese, wherein Divine Service shall be celebrated according to the rites and liturgy of the Church of England, and to visit all Sectors, Curates, Ministers, and Chaplains, and all Priests and Deacons in holy orders of the United Church of England and Ireland resident within the said Diocese ; and also to call before him or them, or before the Archdeacon or Archdeacons, or the Vicar-General, or other officer or officers hereinafter mentioned, at such competent days, hours, and places, when and so often as to him or them shall seem meet and convenient, the abovesaid Rectors, Curates, Ministers, Chaplains, Priests, and Deacons, or any of them, and to inquire as well con- cerning their morals as their behaviour in their said offices and stations respectively, — subject, nevertheless, to such rights of review and appeal as are hereinafter given and reserved: And for the better accomplishment of the purposes aforesaid, we do hereby grant and declare that the said Bishop of Capetown, and his successors, may found and constitute one or more Dignities in his Cathedral Church, and also one or more Archdeaconries within the said Diocese, and may collate fit and proper persons to be Dignitaries of the said Cathedral Church, and one or more fit and proper persons to be the Archdeacons of the said Archdeaconries respectively.

Provided alway-s that such Dignitaries and Archdeacons shall exercise such jurisdiction only as shall be committed to them by the said Bishop, or his successors ; and the said Bishop, and his successors, may also from time to time nominate and appoint fit and proper persons to be respectively the officei's hereinafter mentioned, that is to say, to be Vicar-General, Official Principal, Chancellor,

126 Appendix E.

Rural Deans, and Commissaries, either general or special, and may also appoint one or more fit and proper persons to be Registrars and Actuaries.

Provided always, that the Dignitaries and Archdeacons aforesaid shall be subject and subordinate to the said Bishop of Cax^etown, and Ills successors, and shall be assisting to him and them in the exercise of liis and their episcopal jurisdiction and functions : And we will and declare that during a vacancy of the said See of Cape- town by the demise of the Bishop thereof, or otherwise, the said Dignitaries and Archdeacons, and the said Vicar-General and other officers respectively ap])ointed as af)resaid, shall continue to exercise, so far as by law they may or can, the jurisdiction and functions delegated to them, and that the said Registrars and Actuaries shall respective!}^ continue to discharge the duties Avhere- imto they have been appointed, until a new Bishop of the said See of Capetown shall have been nominated anc]^ consecrated, and his arrival within the limits of the said Diocese shall have been notified to the said parties respectively.

And we further will and do by these presents declare and ordain that it shall be lawful for any party against whom any judgment, decree, or sentence shall be pronounced by any of the said Arch- deacons, or by the Vicar-General, or other officer or officers of the Kaid Bishop or his successor, to demand a re- examination and review of such judgment, decree, or sentence, before the Bishop, or his successors, in person, who upon such demand made, shall take cognizance thereof and shall have full power and authority to aftinn, reverse, or alter the said judgment, sentence, or decree.

And if any party shall conceive himself aggrieved by any judg- ment, decree, or sentence, pronounced by the said Bishop of Cai)e- to\vn, or his successors, either in case of such review or in any cause originally instituted before the said Bisho]"), or his successors, it shall be lawful for the said party to appeal to the said Lord Arch- bishop of Canterbury, or his successors, who shall finally decide and determine the said appeal.

Provided always, that in any such case of appeal or revie^\', notice of the intention of the party to make such appeal, or demand such review, shall be given to the Bishop or subordinate judge by Avhom the sentence appealed from, or to be reviewed, shall have been ])ronounced, within fifteen days fiT>m the promulgation thereof.

And we do further will, and by these presents ordain that, in all cases in which an appeal shall be made or review demanded as aforesaid, a copy of the judgment or sentence in such case pronud- gated or given, setting forth the causes thereof, together with a co])v of the evidence on which the same was founded, shall, without delay, be certified and transmitted l>y such subordinate judge to the said Bishop or his successor, or by the; said Bishop, or his successors, to the said Lord Archbishop of Canterbury, as the case may require.

Appendix E. 127

Moreover it is our will and pleasure, and we do hereby declare and ordain, that nothing in these presents contained shall extend, or be construed to extend, to repeal, vary, or alter the provisions of any charter whereb}' ecclesiastical jurisdiction has been given to any court of judicature within tlie limits of the said Diocese. And for removing doubts with respect to the validity of the resignation of the said office and dignity of Bishop of Capetown, it is our further will that if the said 13ishop or any of his successors shall, by instru- ment under his hand and seal, delivered and sent to the ArchbishoiJ of Canterbury for the time being, and by him accepted and I'egistered in the Office of Faculties of the said Archbishop, resign the office and dignity of ]>ishop of Capetown, such Bishop shall, from the time of such acceptance and i-egistration, cease to be Bishop of Capetown, to all intents and purposes, but without prejudice to any responsibility to Avhich he may be liable, in law or equity, in respect of his conduct in his said office.

And, lastly, to the end that all things aforesaid may be firmly holden and done, we will and grant to the aforesaid Eobert Gray, that he shall have our Letters Patent, under our Great Seal of our said United Kmgdom, duly made and sealed.

In witness whereof, we have caused these our Letters to be made Patent.

Witness Ourself, at Westminster, the 25th day of June, in the eleventh year of our reign.

By Writ of Privy Seal,

BATHUEST.

( 128 )

APPENDIX F.

List of Clergy stationed at the Cape.

1795 to 1847.

Arrived —

1795. Eev. J. E. Atwood, E.N.

1797. H. Davis. Left 1799.

Dr. Dolling, R.N. 1799. Thomas Tringliam Left 1803.

180G, Feb. David Griffiths. Left April, 180G.

1807, 16th Jan. Robert Jones, B.A,, afterwards D.D.

Chaplain of Outposts.

Military Chaplain.

Colonial Chaplain, 3rd Oct., 1811.

On leave May, 1814-8th March, 1816.

Left for England, Feb., 1817.

18o7, Nov. Lawrence Halluran, D.D., King's College, Aberdeen.

Chaplain to H.M. Military and Naval Forces.

Rector Gymnasii, 24th May, 1810.

Resigned, June, 1810.

Banished the Colony, 6th Marcli, 1811.

Died in N. S. Wales, 8th March, 1831.

1811, June. M. A. Parker.

Chaplain to the Forces.

Left the Cape, Feb., 1813.

1813. George Hough, M.A., Fellow of Pembroke Coll., Oxford.

Colonial Chajjlain at Simonstown, 24 Sept., 1813.

Colonial Chaplain at Capetown, 21st Feb., 1817.

On leave in England, July, 1819-June, 1821.

Returned to England, 1846.

Resigned, 1847.

1814, 5th April. John Short Hewett, M.A., Fellow of Clare Coll.,

Cambridge. Chaplain to Forces.

]leturned to England, 1816.

Died, 1835.

1817, 28th March. N. R. Dennis, M.A. Chaplain to Forces.

Acting Colonial Chaplain, 1st Oct., 1819-1821. Left the Cape, Dec, 1822.

Appendix F. 129

1818, 3rd August. George William Milner Sturt, B.A.

Acting Colonial Chaplain, Capetown, 30tli

July, 1819.

Chaplain at Simonstown, 24th Sept., 1819.

Died, 25th Aug., 1830.

1818, 6th Oct. Thomas Erskine, M.A.

Chaplain at Simonstown, 22nd Oct., 1818.

Resigned, Sept. 1819.

Eeturned to England. 1820, Gth March. Henry Collison, M.A.

Officiated occasionally till 1823.

In England till 25th March, 1824.

Acting Chaplain to Forces, Nov., 1824—1825.

Returned to England R. of Bilney, Norfolk.

Died, 1881, set. 89. 1820, 30th April. Francis McClelland, B.A., Trin. Coll., Dublin.

Minister at Clanwilliam.

Colonial Chaplain at Fort Elizabeth, 11th

Nov., 1843.

Died a3t. 61, 10th July, 1853.

1820, 2nd May. William Boardman.

Chaplain at Bathurst.

Died, 10th August, 1825.

1821, 7th March. William Wright, M.A., 1st S. F. G. Missionary,

Trin. Coll., Dubhn. Missionary at Wynberg, 22nd July.

Chaplain at Bathurst, 10th Jan., 1828.

Eeturned to England, 1830.

1821, 12th Aug. Fearon Fallows, M.A., F.R.S., Astronomer Royal. Acting Cha[)lain of the Forces, 1823.

Died at Capetown, ret. 43, 25tli July, 1831. 1823, 10th Feb. William Geary.

Military and Civil Chaplain at Grahamstown,

April, 1823. Removed from his clerical employments, etc.,

8ih Oct., 1824. 1823, 2nd Nov. Thomas Ireland, M.A.

Military Chaplain, Capetown. Chaplain j[)ro tern, at Grahamstown,

9th Oct., 1824. Left the Cape, Oct., 1827.

Died in Ceylon, 20th January, 1832.

1825, 2nd May. Edward Judge, M.A., Trinity Coll., Cambridge. Master of the Classical School, Capetown, 1825. Professor of Classics, S. A. College, 1829.

K

130 Appendix F.

Acting Chaplain at Wynberg, and Mil. Chap.,

1832.

Junior Provisional Chap, of "Wynberg, or

Acting Chaplain of Eendebosch, 1st

March, 1834.

Colonial Chaplain at Simonstown, 1st Feb.

1840. Canon of Capetown, 1850.

Died, 1872.

1826, 4th Oct. Eenjarain Croft Goodison, M.A.

Chaplain to the Forces, Capetown.

Acting Chaplain at Wynberg, 30th July, 1829.

Died in Capetown, 16th Feb., 1832.

1828, 12th July. William Carlyle, M.A.

Colonial Chaplain at Grahamstown.

Eetired on pension, 1838.

Died.

1829, Henry G. Pauncefoote Cooke, B.A., Exeter Coll., Oxford.

Actmg Military Chaplain, Capetown, 1831-

1832.

1830, 16th Jan. Charles Wimberley, H. E. I. C. S., Bengal.

Acting Colonial Chaplain, Sinionstown, 1830. 1830, 26th Feb. George Shepheard Porter, M.A.

Acting Chaplain at Bathurst, 1831.

1830, 4th Nov. Holt Okes, D.D.

Senior Provisional Chaplain, "Wynberg, 30tk

Oct., 1834. Colonial Chaplain, "Wynberg, 1845.

Resigned, 1848.

Died.

1831, 6th Feb. John Larkin Fry, B.A., Pt.N.

Naval Chaplain.

Colonial Chaplain Piondebosch, 25th Oct.,

1844.

Died. 1831, 30tli July. Henry Frazer, B.A., Trin. Coll., Dublin.

Colonial Chaplain, Sinionstown, oOth July,

1831.

Died at Grahamstown, July, 1839.

1831, 3rd Oct. E. J. Burrow, D.D.

MiHtary Cliaplain, Capetown, 1832-1834.

1831, 28th Nov. John Heavyside.

Missionary.

Colonial Chaplain, Grahamstown, 16th Oct.,

1838.

Died.

Appendix F. 131

1833, nth May. James Barrow.

Colonial Chaplain, Batlmrst, 15th May, 1833. Chancellor of Diocese of Grahamstown. Retired, 18G8.

1836, nth April. Thomas Richard Arthur Blair.

Acting Chaplain at Simonstown, 1839.

Acting Militaiy Chaplain, Capetown, 1840-

1841.

Minister of Episcopal Chapel, 1841.

Minister of Holy Trinity Church, 1845.

Col. Chaplain, Wynberg, 1848.

Eeturned to England, 1853.

1837, March. Francis Owen, M.A., C. M. S. Missionary.

Missionary to Zululand.

Mission abandoned, 1838.

1838, March. J. W. Sanders, M.A., S. P. G. Missionary.

Clergyman for Juvenile Immigrants.

1840, 25th August. George Villiers Thorpe, B.A,, feidbury, 1844.

1841, 1st April Edward Paulet Blunt, M.A.

Military Chaplain, Capetown.

Eeturned to England, 5th May, 1844.

1842, 8th Jan. Herbert Beaver, Colonial and Continental Society.

Minister at Fort Beaufort, 1842.

1844, 16th. March. Bro\\^low Maitland, M.A.

Private Secretary to H. E. Sir P. Maitland. Returned to England.

1845, 26th March. Edward Thomas Scott.

Chaplain at George, 22nd May, 1845.

Resigned, ^ 1845.

1845, August. WiUiam Long.

Minister at Graaf-Reinet, 1st August, 1845.

Incumbent of St. Peter's, Mowbray, 3rd June,

1854. 1845, 9th Sept. George Dacre, M.A.

Officiating Chaplain to Troops, C. T., Oct. 1845. 1845, 9th Sept. Robert Gumbleton Lamb, B.A., T.C.D.

Assistant Chaplain, St. George's, Capetown,

1845.

Incumbent of Trinity Church, 1848.

Resicrned, 1878.

1847, nth April. Philip^W. Copeman, M.A.

Minister at Uitenhage, 14th April, 1847.

Minister at Sidbury. 1847, June. George Frederic Childe, M.A., Christ Church, Oxford.

Assistant Astronomer.

Professor of Mathematics, S. A. College.

Returned to England

K 3

132 Appendix F.

List of Cleegy visiting the Cape, and occasionally officiating,

BUT NOT holding ANY FIXED APPOINTMENTS.

1807. Charles Ball, H.E.I.C.S., May.

1810. Eobert Baynes, LL.B., late B.X., H.E.I.C.S. Bombay, May.

1814. J. M. S. Glennie, Sept.— Nov.

1822. — Bi-iggs, R.N. (Simonstown), March.

1822. Morgan Davis, of Madras Est., died in C. T., Nov.

1828. B. McDonald Chanter, LL.B., Nov.— Jan., 1829.

1829. F. Goode, M.A., Feb.

1830. Jackson M. Williams, M.A., H.E.LC.S., Madras.

1830. Archdeacon Scott, M.A., Nov.

1832. John C. Street, H.E.LC.S.

1833. Archdeacon Robinson, D.D., Madras, January.

1833. A. Denny, M.A., Sr., Col. Chapl., Mauritius, Feb.— April.

1834. William V. Hannah, Chapl. H.M.S. Isu (Simonstown). 1834. J. Hallewell, M.A. (Wynbero;), Oct. 1837. Richard Bethnel Boyes, B.A.^ H.E.LC.S.

1837. Robert Abercrombie Denton, B.A., June.

1840. J. Vaughan, B.A., H.E.I.C.S.

1840. A. Fielding, M.A., April.

1842. Henry Hutton, B.A., H.E.I.C.S.

1843. Pascoe G. Hill, Chapl. H.M.S. Cleopatra.

1844. BroAndow Maitland, M.A., Private Sec. H.E. the Governor.

1845. Charles Henry Gladwin, B.A., IMarch. 1845. W. Steel (Simonstown).

1847. M. J. Jennings, M.A. (Rondcbosch).

( ^33 )

APPENDIX G.

List of Pamphlets, Sermons, &c., published at the Cape.

1808. A Sermon on the Guilt of Dishonesty. In its various degrees; on its usual incentives ; and present and future punish- ment. Delivered before the British Army at the Cape of Good Hope on Sunday, the 29th May, 1808. By Laurens Halloran, D.D., Chaplain to His Majesty's Forces at that settlement, late Chaplain and Secretary to Ptear-Admiral the Earl of Northesk, K.B., &c. Printed for the author for the purpose of gratuitous distribution. 8vo. pp. 16.

1808. Piedevoering ter gelegenheid van der Luisterrijke en beslissende overwinning door de Britsche Vloot, onder bevel van Lord Yiscount Nelson, behaald over de vereenigde en talrijker magt van Frankryk en Spanje op de hoogte van Trafalgar op Maandag den 21 Oct. 1805, gehouden aan boord van Zyn Majs. Schip Britannia, in zee op Zondag den 3 Nov. 1805. i)oor Lourens Halloran, Doctor der Godgeleerdheid, Kapellaan op het voornoemde Schip en Secretaris van den Schautbij-Nacht den Graaf van Northesk. Kaapstad ; gedrukt ter Governments Drukkery. post 8vo. pp. 20.

1813. Universal Charity of the Gospel. A sermon preached on Sunday, January 10th, 1813, in the Established Church of Capetown, by the Rev. Piobert Jones, B.A,, Colonial Chaplain, and published at the request of His Excellency Lt.-Gen. Sir John Francis Cradock, K.B., K.C., Governor and Commander-in-Chief, &c. Capetown : printed at the Government Press, post 8vo. pp. 1 5.

1813. Yoordeelen eener Godsdienstige Opvoeding. Eene leerredo uitgcsproken op Zondag, den 11 Maart, 1813, in de Engelsche Kerk van de Kaapstad, Door den Eerw. Robert Jones, B.A., Kuloniaal Kapellaan en lid der School Commissie. Uitgegevcn op verzoek van Zijne Excellent ie den Lieut.-Generaal Sir John Francis Cradock, K.B. en K.C., Hoofdgebieder en Opperbevelhebber, enz. (uit de Engelsch vertaald). Kaapstad : Gedrukt ter Gouverne- ments Drukkerij. post 8vo. pp. 20.

1821. On Evil Speaking. A sermon preached in the English Church, Capetown, on Sunda5\ August 2Gth, 1821, and published at the request of His Excellency ]\Lajor-General Sir R. S. Donkin, K.C.B., Acting Governor, &c. By the Rev. George Hougli, M.A., Colonial Chaplain, Cape of Good Hope. Printed at the Government Press. 8vo.

134 Appendix G.

pp. 15. (Text, St. James iv. 11.) The profits to be for the Settlers' Fund.

1825. A Sermon on the dut)'- of suhmission to lawful authority. Preached at the Military Chapei Capetown, on Sunday, Nov. 20th, 1825, by the Kev. G-eorge Hough, M.A.* Colonial Chaplain and Acting Military Chaplain; and published at the request of His Excellency General the Bight Hon. liord Charles Somerset, Governor and Com- mander-in-Chief, &c. Cape of Good Hope : Printed at the Government Press. 8vo. pp. 25.

1827. Duelling. A sermon on the Sixth Commandment, respect- fully addressed to the inhabitants of Capetown. The profits of this discoiu'se will be given to the South African Infirmary Fund. Capetown : Printed by W. Bridekirk, Heeregracht. 8vo. jip. 15.

1829. The Church Catechism explained. Compiled from Lewis's Catechism. For the use of the Sunday Schools in connection with the English Established Church, Cape- towTi. Printed at the Government Press, Cape of Good Hope, 1829. pp. 96.

1833. The Dignity of Public Worship. A Sermon delivered at Wynberg, Cape of Good Hope, on the occasion of conse- crating grounds as sites for a church and churchyard at that place. By Daniel, Bishop of Calcutta. Printed and published by George Greig Keizersgracht, Capetown. 8vo. pp. 27.

1S3G. A Sermon preached in the Dutch Church, Wynberg, before the "Cape Friendly Society," on the Feast of the Epiphany, 1836. By the Rev. Henry Eraser, A.B., Mcnibi-r of Trinity College, Dublin, Chaplain at Simons- town, Cape of Good Hope. Printed at the request of the Members of the " Cape Friendly Society." Capetown : Printed by G. J. Pike, 11, St. George's Street. 8vo. pp. 16.

1838. A Warning Voice at tlie Commencement of the Year. A Sermon preached at Wynberg before His Plxcellency the Governor, and the "Cape Friendly Society "at their anni- versary meeting held on Mfjnday, the 1st of January, 1838. By the Rev. 11. B. Boyes, B.A., late of Queen's College, Cambridge, and Cha[)lain of the Hon. East India Company's lien-ial Establishment. Capetown : Printed by G. J. Pike, 15, St. George's Street. 8vo. pp. 12.

1838. A Sermon to the Young : more ]\articularly intended for the Juvenile Emigrants; As preached in St. George's Church, Capetown, Soutli Africa, on Sunday evening, 10th June, 1838, by the Rev. J. W. Sanders, A.M, from tlie S.P.G. Published by request. Capetown : Printed by G. J. Pike, 15, St. George's Street. 12mo. pp. 22.

Appendix G. 135

1839. Eemarks on tlie Ordinance, No. 2, 1839. Entitled " For Authorizing the Appointment of a Vestry and Church- wardens for St. George's Church, Grahamstown." Gra- hamstown : Aldum and Harvey. Printers, Queen Street. 12mo. pp. 24.

1839. A Sermon i^reached in Eondebosch Church, Cape of Good Hope, on Sunday, the 17th February, 1839, on the occasion of the fifth anniversary of that Church. By the Eev. Henry Fraser, B.A., Trinity College, Dublin, Colonial Chaplain of Simonstown. Published by request, Cape- town : A. S. Ptobertson. Heeregracht. 8vu. pp. 25.

1842. A Sermon preached in the Episcopal Chapel, Capetown, Cai^e of Good Hope, on Sunday, the 8th May, 1842, in behalf of the funds of the "Colonial Church Society." By the Eev. Henry Hutton, B.A., Hon. East India Company's Service, Bengal Establishment. Published by request. Capeto^xoi : A. S. Eobertson, Heeregracht. (Price One Shilling, in aid of the Funds.) 8vo. pp. 14.

1845. Catechism relating to the six days' Creation as revealed in

the Holy Bible, intended for the use of young persons. (By the Eev. Holt Okes, D.D.) CapetoAxm, 1845.

1846. A Sermon dehvered at the opening of the Green Point

School House. By the Eev. T. A. Blair, Minister of Trinity Church, Capetown. Published at the request of the Committee. Capetown: A. S. Eobertson, 21, Heere- gracht. 8vo. pp. 19.

1847. Baptismal Eegeneraticn opposed both by the Word of God

and the standard of the Church of England. By the Eev. Capel Molyneux, B.A., Minister of the Trinity Episcopal Church, Woolwich. Capetown : Printed by G. J. Pike, 59, St.. George's Street. 12mo. pp.40. 1847. Where may the Next Step place Us ; or. The Great Change. The substance of a sermon preached in St. George's Church, Caiietown, on Sunday, the 22nd August, 1847, on the occasion of the death of Charles Henry Carpenter, Esq., by a fall from a precipice adjacent to Table Moun- tain. By the Eev. Eobert Gumbleton Lamb, A.B., Junior Chaplain. [Text, Matt. xxiv. 40-44.] Cape- town : A. S. Eobertson, Heeregracht, and J. H. Collard, Shortmarket Street. Price Sixpence. 12mo. pp. 22.

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APPENDIX H.

Ordinances and Laws enacted by the Legislature of the Colony from 1806 to 1848, relating to or affecting the English Church, and still in force.

From 1806 to May, 1825, tlie laws consist of proclamations, and of advertisements having the effect, though not the form, of pro- clamations, issued by the authority of the Governor alone. From jNIay, 1825, when a Council of Government was estabUshed in the Colony, the laws assumed the form of Ordinances passed by the Governor in Council. From 1834, when a Legislative Council was established, until 1853, when the Iconstitution was granted, the Ordinances were passed by the Governor with the advice and consent of the Legislative Council.

What are commonly called the Church Orchnanccs fall into two classes, the first authorizing a sum of money to be raised in shares for building a church — in one case by loan for enlarging a church ; the second authorizing the appointment of a Vestry and Church- wardens for a church already built or about to be built. But as the former class always contains clauses constituting a Vestry and Churchwardens, there are several clauses conmion to both. The oldest Ordinance, that of St. George's, Capetown, was drawn up by the Hon. William Westbrooke Burton, one of the Judges of the Supreme Court, and is the model upon which all the others arc formed. *

180G. April 2G. Proclamation. — Marriages t(j be solemnized

by clergymen only. 1814. Feb. 2G. Advertisement. — Baims of Marriages solem-

nized according to the English form to be i)ub- lished in an English church. 1818. ^larch 20. Advertisement. — S])ccial Marriage Licences

to be granted on a stamp of 200Bds. All the above are modified Ijy subsequent legislation. 1821). Sept. 1. Ordmance No. 4, local. — For authorizing a

sum of money to be raised in shares for erecting an English church at Cape- town.

Appendix H.

137

1839. January 23.

1839. Feb. 1.

1832. June 13. Ordinance No. 5, local. — For authorizing a

sum of money to be raised in shares for building a cliurch at Bathurst.

1833. November 11. Ordinance No. 6, local. — For authorizing a

sum of money to be raised in shares for building a church at Wynberg. 1838. March 22. Ordmance No. 1. — For repealing the Ordi-

nance intituled " An Ordinance for the better observance of the Lord's Day in this Colony," and dated the 23rd day of August, 1837, and for making other provisions instead thereof.

Ordinance No. 2. — For authorizing the ap- pointment of a Vestry and Church- wardens for St. George's Church, Grahamstown.

Order of the Queen in Council dated 7th Sept. 1838, as to marriages in this Colony in force in the Colony from 1st Feb., 1839.

Order of the Queen in Council as to Fees of Clergy not affected by former Order.

Ordinance No. 1 for authorizing the appoint- ment of a Vestry and Churchwardens for St. Mary's Church at Port Elizabeth.

Ordinance No. 2 for authorizing the appoint- ment of a Vestry and CWchwardens for Sidbury.

Ordinance No. 5 for authorizing the appoint- ment of a Vestry and Churchwardens for St. Paul's Church at Kondebosch.

Ordinance No. 7 for authorizing a sum of money to be raised in shares for build- ing a church at Fort Beaufort.

Ordinance No. 8 for authorizing the appoint- ment of a Vestry and Churchwardens for the Episcopal Church about to be erected at Graaf-Eeinet. 1847. March 5. Ordinance No. 3 for authorizing the Vestry

of St. Paul's Church, Eondebosch, to raise a sum of money not exceeding £2,000, to enlarge the building of the said church.

1839.	Feb. 20.
1842.	March 3.
1842.	March 3.
1845.	Feb. 27.
1845.	March 25.
1846.	Feb. 16.

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