Distribution and Systematics
of Foraminifera

in the Indian River, Florida

TIN A. BUZAS” ae ee

oe

KENNETH P: SEVE

NUMBER 16

ote yay

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| SMH SONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE MARINE SCIENCES © NUMBER 16

NOV 3 0 1982

Ng LIBRARIES

Distribution and Systematics
of Foraminifera
in the Indian River, Florida

Martin A. Buzas
and Kenneth P. Severin

ISSUED
NOV 2 2 1962
SMITHSONIAN PUBLICATIONS

SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION PRESS
City of Washington
1982

By Smly RIAs

Buzas, Martin A., and Kenneth P. Severin. Distribution and Systematics of
Foraminifera in the Indian River, Florida. Smithsonian Contributions to the Marine
Sciences, number 16, 73 pages, 25 figures, 6 tables, 11 plates, 1982.—The
Indian River, a shallow, 195 km long estuary, is bounded on the east by a
barrier island. Three inlets divide the barrier island, providing exchange with
the Atlantic Ocean. Twelve areas covering the length of the estuary were
sampled for living foraminifera. Altogether, 17,348 individuals belonging to
94 species were identified. The mean number of individuals and the number
of species generally increase from north to south.

The densities of the 15 most abundant species, comprising 95% of the total
number of living individuals, were analyzed by canonical variate analysis.
The first canonical axis discriminated the inlets and the northernmost (Hau-
lover) area from the rest. On the second canonical axis, the 12 areas were
arranged in a north-to-south series. Examination of the data confirms that the
analysis succinctly summarizes foraminiferal distribution in the Indian River.

Taxonomic notes are given for each species, and almost all species are
illustrated. /shamella apertura, new genus and species, is described and illus-
trated.

OFFICIAL PUBLICATION DATE is handstamped in a limited number of initial copies and is recorded
in the Institution’s annual report, Smzthsonian Year. SERIES COVER DESIGN: Seascape along the
Atlantic Coast of eastern North America.

Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data

Buzas, Martin A.

Distribution and systematics of Foraminifera in the Indian River, Florida.

(Smithsonian contributions to the marine sciences ; no. 16)

Bibliography: p.

Supt. of Docs. no.: SI 1.41:16

1. Foraminifera—Florida—Indian River—Classification. 2. Foraminifera—Florida—Indian
River—Geographical distribution. 3. Protozoa—Classification. 4. Protozoa—Geographi-
cal distribution. 5. Protozoa—Florida—Indian River—Classification. 6. Protozoa—Flor-
ida—Indian River—Geographical distribution. I. Severin, Kenneth P. II. Title. III.
Series.

QOL368.F6B874 593.1'209759'28 81-607104 AACR2

Contents

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SWSteMaGie CATANYS. pig oho fous a se ae aoe ere oo eeu eee eae
Appendix: Number of Living Individuals Observed in 20 ml Replicate

SEMUNOMES ys wg giowe alain 0 pe Ace broach tsa tes ome oot cet enn a ae ee
| Lanteraittuns’ CAUeee ase a 6 co sien oe oped ears a ree ee eae ey el eae ee re
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il

Distribution and Systematics
of Foraminifera
in the Indian River, Florida

Martin A. Buzas
and Kenneth P. Severin

Introduction

The Indian River, a shallow, 195 km long body
of water on the east-central coast of Florida (Fig-
ure lL), is a euryhaline and eurythermal estuary.
Bounded on the east by a barrier island, the
southern half of the estuary is connected with the
Atlantic Ocean by three inlets: Sebastian, Fort
Pierce (Jim’s Flat of this study), and St. Lucie.
All the inlets are maintained artificially. The
northern end of the estuary is connected to the
ocean via Haulover Canal, which links the estu-
ary to the Mosquito Lagoon and the Ponce de
Leon Inlet 40 km farther north.

The average depth of the Indian River is about
1.5 m; the greatest depths, about 3.5 m, occur in
the Intracoastal Waterway and other dredged
boat channels. The substrate is quartz sand with
a low percentage of silt and clay. Because of the
shallow depths, the waters of the estuary are
influenced by a combination of tidal flushing,
surface drainage, rainfall, and wind conditions.

Near the inlets, estuarine water is exchanged
with the Atlantic Ocean on a semidiurnal basis
and has little variation in salinity and only sea-

Martin A. Buzas, Department of Paleobiology, National Museum of

Natural History, Smithsonian Institution,

Washington, D. C.

20560. Kenneth P. Severin, Department of Geology, University of

California, Davis, California 95616.

sonal differences in temperature (Table 1). In the
portions of the river away from the inlets, how-
ever, the tidal influence is almost negligible, and
conditions are determined by nontidal effects. In
general, the range of variation in temperature
and salinity decreases from north to south (Table
1), whereas the average increases. An overall gra-
dient of decreasing environmental variability
from north to south was pointed out by Young et
al. (1976), Young and Young (1977), and Nelson
et al. (1982).

Although the foraminifera of the bays and
estuaries of the northeastern continental margin
of North America are relatively well studied, very
little information exists from the shallower waters
of the southeastern portion of the continent (Cul-
ver and Buzas, 1980). The purpose of the present
investigation is to document the distribution and
systematics of the foraminifera from the major
estuary in east-central Florida.

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS.—We thank M. Abrams,
R. Bronson, K. Carle, M. Cavanaugh, G. Heim,
A. Lanham, C. Leibhauser, C. McCloy, and S.
Pohanka for help in the laboratory. The samples
were collected by K. Carle, D. Mook, and D.
Young. The foraminifera and figures were drawn
by Lawrence Isham. J. Piraino operated the
SEM, and T. Smoyer assisted greatly in the dark-

room. D. Dean prepared specimens for sectioning.

ir)

SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE MARINE SCIENCES

{
®

|

0) 10 20 30

>
=
Gm
VY KILOMETERS

aA

Sebastian Inlet jr

@.

John's Island

Link Port e.
Jim's Flat roe
Se

~ Fort Pierce Inlet

Buoy 195 yi

Herman's Bay
Jensen Beach

St. Lucie Inlet

St. Lucie Transect

Ficure 1.—Sampling localities.

C. G. Adams and J. Whittaker provided access to
several specimens in the British Museum (NH). June Jones for typing it.

D. Dance and H. Marshall assisted in the com- This is contribution number 234 from the Har-
puter analysis. S. J. Culver provided helpful crit- | bor Branch Foundation.

icisms of the manuscript, and, finally, we thank

| NUMBER 16

| Tasre 1.—Ranges of temperature and salinity in the Indian
| River (except where noted, all data are from Nelson et al.,

_ 1982)
Location ie
Haulover 11-34 20-46
Banana 15-35 18-40
Sebastian (Inlet) 14-30 25-36
| Vero Beach 15-30 25-35
(Mook, 1980)
_ Link Port 12-32 20-38
Ft. Pierce (Inlet) 17-28 33-34
(Mook, 1980)
Herman’s Bay 14-29 22-32
(Wilcox and Gilmore, 1977)
St. Lucie (Inlet) 18-32 28-36

Methods

SAMPLING PLAan.—The samples for this study
were taken in 1975 and 1976. The sampling
program consisted of either single stations or sta-
tions located along a transect (Figure 1). At each
transect station, two replicate cores were taken.
One replicate from the John’s Island transect was
lost. The inlets (Sebastian, Jim’s Flat at Fort
Pierce, and St. Lucie) and Haulover and Banana
consisted of single stations with four replicates. A
replicate from the Banana station was lost. Table
2 lists the locations, the number of replicates (or
observations), the date of sampling, and the lati-
tude and longitude of each locality.

Fre_pD MetHops.—Samples were taken by in-
serting 3.5 cm diameter plastic core liners into the
sediment by hand or, in deeper water, by attach-
ing them to a long pole. Upon recovery the
samples were fixed with neutralized formalin.

LaBoratory MetHops.—On return to the lab-
oratory, the top 20 ml of sediment was removed
from the cores, washed over a 63 pm sieve, and
stored in 95% ethanol. Before examination, the
sample was stained for about 24 hours with rose
bengal, washed once more over a 63 pum sieve,
rinsed with acetone, and dried. The sample then
was floated twice in a mixture of bromoform and
acetone (specific gravity 2.4). The floated portion
of the sample was re-wet, and the stained fora-
minifera was picked out and placed on a micro-
paleontologic slide for sorting, identification, and
enumeration.

STATISTICAL MertHops.—The sampling plan
was designed so that replicates were taken at all
locations. This allows the data to be analyzed by
canonical variate analysis, also called multiple
discriminant analysis. The use of this method for
faunal analysis was described by Buzas (1967).
The computer program used for the analysis is
part of the Statistical Package for the Social
Sciences (SPSS). All densities were transformed
to In (x+1) before analysis to insure stability of
variances and to increase Normality.

For each sampling location, the information
function and a measure of equitability were cal-

TasLe 2.—Sampling localities and dates of sampling, listed from north to south

Location No. of replicates Date sampled Latitude/ Longitude
Haulover station 4 30 Jun 1975 28° 44.1’N/80°45.5’W
Banana station 3 30 Jun 1975 28° 12.0’N/80°37.0’W
Sebastian Inlet station 4 26 Jun 1975 27°51.5'N/80°27.6’W
John’s Island transect 4 (2 stations) 12 Feb 1976 27°41.6’N/80°23.4’W

5 (3 stations) 2 Mar 1976 27°41.6’N/80°23.4’W
Vero Beach transect 10 (5 stations) 7 Sep 1977 27°37.1’N/80°22.0’W
Link Port transect 6 (3 stations) 18 Dec 1975 27°32.1’N/80°20.9’W
Jim’s Flat (inlet) station 4 25 Jun 1975 27°28.4’N/80° 19.0’W
Buoy 195 transect 10 (5 stations) 12 Jan 1976 27°24.2’N/80°17.6’W
Herman’s Bay transect 10 (5 stations) 17 Feb 1976 27°19.7’N/80° 15.0’W
Jensen Beach transect 10 (5 stations) 22 Apr 1976 27°15.2’N/80°13.1’W
St. Lucie transect 10 (5 stations) 17 Feb 1976 27°10.9’N/80°11.2’W
St. Lucie Inlet station 4 25 Jun 1975 27°11.0’N/80° 10.1’W

4 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE MARINE SCIENCES

culated. The information function was calculated
from the formula

ig — as Palani

and equability from the formula

E=—,
S
where ¢ is the base of the natural logarithms, and
Sis the number of species (Buzas and Gibson,
1969).

Distribution of Abundant Foraminifera

Of the 94 species recorded in the Indian River,
few were abundant. We arbitrarily chose the 15
most abundant species for canonical variate anal-
ysis. These 15 species represent about 95% of the
total living population. The first analysis was
made using each station as a separate group. The
results were difficult to interpret, and so we de-
cided on a simpler scheme. Inspection of the data
showed little difference among stations in tran-
sects; consequently, all stations within transects
were treated as a single group. This divided the
samples into the 12 groups shown in Figure | and
Table 2. The number of replicates varies from
area to area and also is shown in Table 2. In all,
there are N = 83 observations, h = 12 areas, and
p = 15 species.

Canonical variate, or multiple discriminant,
analysis emphasizes the difference between mean
vectors in a p-dimensional space. The first can-
onical axis is placed as close as possible to the
ends of the mean vectors, the second at right
angles to the first, and so on. When p>h, there
are only h—1 possible canonical variates. While
this reduction in the number of dimensions is
advantageous, an even greater advantage is that
the first canonical variate will account for most
of the variability, the second much less, and so
on. In addition, each canonical variate is statis-
tically independent and of unit variance, which
greatly facilitates comparison of the results.

In the grouping used, there are h-l = 11
possible eigenvalues. Of these, the first six were
significant at the 95% level, using the criterion

provided by the SPSS program used for the anal-
ysis. These eigenvalues, the percent of the varia-
bility accounted for, and their cumulative per-
cent are shown in Table 3.

The first six mean canonical variates are shown
in Table 4. Mean canonical variate 1 contrasts
Haulover, Sebastian, Jim’s Flat, and St. Lucie
Inlet against the other areas. In other words, the
first mean canonical variate, accounting for 37%
of the total variability, indicates that Haulover
and the inlets are quite distinct from the other
areas. The second canonical variate, accounting
for 17% of the total variability, contrasts the
northern areas against the southern areas (Table
4). A plot of mean canonical variate | vs. mean
canonical variate 2 (with 95% confidence circles)
is shown in Figure 2. The inlets and Haulover are
discriminated clearly from the remaining stations
and from one another. The inlets and other areas
are also arranged in a north-south pattern, with
some areas slightly out of place (Figures 1, 2).

Figures 3 through 17 plot the mean densities of
the 15 most abundant species at the 12 areas, and
Table 5 lists the mean number of individuals per
replicate (20 ml of sediment) plus some other
useful statistics. We recall the first canonical var-
late contrasted Haulover, Sebastian, Jim’s Flat,
St. Lucie Inlet, and the remaining areas. By
examining the canonical discriminate function
coefficients (Table 6), we can determine the spe-
cies mainly responsible for this contrast. In order
of importance, these species are: Gaudryina exilis
(Figure 12), Cyclogyra planorbis (Figure 7), Elphi-
dium guntert (Figure 9), Bolivina striatula (Figure 5),
Nonionella auricula (Figure 13), Rosalina floridana

Tasie 3.—The first six eigenvalues arranged in decreasing
order with the percentage of variability accounted for

Se Percent o Cumulative
Eigenvalue vartabil a percent
4.44 37.36 37.36
2.04 17.20 54.56
1.35 11.37 65.93
1.08 9.06 74.99
1.05 8.87 83.86
0.82 6.93 90.79

}

NUMBER 16

TasLe 4.—Mean canonical variates

for the first six variates (localities listed from north to

south)

Area CV I CV 2 CV 3 CV 4 CV CV 6
Haulover 4.03 jl3v 0.56 —0.89 —1.69 0.14
Banana —1.00 —2.50 0315) 0.32 —0.32 1.06
Sebastian 2.01 =Il37 —2.64 1.47 —0.80 —1.00
John’s Island —0.52 —2.04 —0.25 0.95 0.35 0.09
Vero Beach —1.45 —1.20 0.09 —1.69 0.62 0.60
Link Port —1.86 0.02 —0.35 —0.74 0.87 —1.80
Jim’s Flat 5.15 0.30 1.26 —0.17 0.84 1.08
Buoy 195 —1.49 1.22 == (mlb, E22 0.61 1.13
Herman’s Bay —0.01 0.20 2.12 0.73 0.03 —0.99
Jensen Beach —0.81 0.87 0.02 —0.02 lel 0.05
St. Lucie transect —0.31 1.63 —0.67 —0.66 —1.07 0.06
St. Lucie Inlet 3.58 1.73 —Il3y2 —0.40 2.25 —0.52

TasLe 3.—Mean number of living individuals at Indian River localities

oOo

JOKN'S VERO JIM'S BUOY HERMAN'S JENSEN ST, LUCIE ST, LUCIE GRAND
SPECIES HAULOVER BANANA SEBASTIAN ISLAND BEACH LINKPORT FLAT 195 BAY BEACH TRANSECT INLET MEAN
AMMONIA BECCARII,...eee 37.75 45.67 68,25 87.67 90.30 69,17 78.00 177.40 75.90 31,60 134,00 74.75 80.87
BOLIVINA STRIATULA,.. see 7.25 0.00 8.50 23.56 12.40 12.67 9.50 50.50 87.00 16.20 31.90 23.25 23.56
QUINQUELOCULINA SEMINULA, 46.50 3.00 8,00 8.67 10.10 2.83 44.25 5.80 12.40 8.90 38.70 9.75 16.57
QUINGUELUCULINA IMPRESSA, 17.75 76.33 7.25 19.22 14.80 0.83 27.50 1.10 7.10 5.60 4.70 2.75 15.41
BULIMINELLA ELEGANTISSIMA, 1.00 0.00 3.50 4.89 2.10 4.50 13.00 30.30 21.70 5.00 24.50 70.25 15.06
ELPHIDIUM MEXICANUM,...06 7.75 1.67 33.25 2.11 10.60 1.17 10,25 1.50 0.50 2.40 16.40 15.75 6.61
ELPHIDIUM EXCAVATUM,, 4.75 10.00 9.75 15.89 2.80 5.67 2.25 8.50 0.90 0.60 2.10 17.50 6.73
NONIGNELLA AURICULA 0.25 0,00 3.00 0.44 0.10 2.33 6.50 6.10 16.40 4.00 11,40 4.25 4.56
ELPHICIUM GUNTERI., 0.25 4.33 0.75 13,11 22.00 7.83 0.00 1.20 1,70 1,30 0.10 0.25 4.40
CYCLUGYRA PLANORBIS....ccccscceese 7.25 0.00 1.75 0.00 0.00 0.00 22.00 0,00 0.20 0.00 0.60 7.50 3.28
RUSALINA FLURIDANA,.. .eccccesccess 0.00 0.00 9.00 O11 6.00 5.50 0.00 1.60 0.80 1.20 2.20 1.75 1,60
ROSALINA GLOBULARIS. ..scccccccvcce 0.50 0.00 0.50 1.00 2.00 1,00 1.25 2.10 0.70 1.50 4.50 3.25 1.53
GAUDKYINA EXILIS. c..cccccecccccece 0.00 0.00 0.75 0.22 0.50 0.00 1.25 8.30 0.20 1.60 3.90 0.50 1.44
ELPHIDIUM KUGLERT..csecccccccccces 1.50 0,67 0.50 0.44 2.30 0.00 3.50 3.00 1.10 0.00 0.60 3.00 1,35
AMMOBACULITES EXILIS. .cccccccceece 0.00 1.33 1.75 0.44 0.60 0,00 5.50 2.90 0.00 0,80 0.20 0.25 1.15
MEAN TOTAL OF ABUNDANT SPECIES,..- 132.50 143,00 147.50 177.78 176.00 113.50 224.75 300,30 226.60 80.70 275.80 234.75
MEAN TOTAL OF ALL SPECIES. ..eeeeee 139.50 149.33 149,50 182,22 186.00 118,33 254.50 316.19 249,90 93.90 292.30 248.50
sree cece ereseeetHevesereeceeseeees 14929 1.361 1.771 1.783 1.953 1.646 2.283 1.712 2,011 2.451 1%5.9.937; 2.145
eee e rece trees etineccerecesesesess 04328 0.325 0.326 0.213 0.214 0.216 0.327 0.105 0.144 0.237 0.142 0.231
NUMBER UF SPECIES... .ccccccccccce 21 12 18 28 33 24 30 53 52 49 52 37
NUMBER OF OBSERVATIONS. ..sccceecee 4 3 4 9 10 i) 4 10 10 10 10 4
TUTAL INDIVIDUALS... .cccccceeeess 558 448 598 1640 1860 710 1018 3161 2499 939 2923 994

TaBLe 6.—Standardized canonical discriminant function

coefficients
Species Function 1 Function 2
Ammonia beccari —0.02 —0.38
Bolwina striatula 0.63 —0.64
Quinqueloculina seminula 0.37 0.13
Quinqueloculina impressa —0.09 —0.58
Buliminella elegantissima 0.13 0.78
Elphidium mexicanum 0.47 —0.17
Elphidium excavatum —0.12 —0.45
Nonionella auricula —0.58 0.16
Elphidium gunteri —0.75 —0.11
Cyclogyra planorbis 0.85 0.20
Rosalina floridana =0)5i1 0.37
Rosalina globularis —0.10 0.39
Gaudryina exilis —0.87 0.57
Elphidium kuglerr 0.12 0.12
Ammobaculites exilis 0.28 —0.16

(Figure 16), and Elphidium mexicanum (Figure 11).
Some of these species have higher than average
densities at Haulover and the inlets, whereas
others have lower than average densities. In par-
ticular, the species C. planorbis and E. mexicanum
have higher than average densities at Haulover
and the inlets.
We recall that the second canonical variate
contrasts northern and southern areas. The can-
onical discriminate function coefficients (Table
6) indicate that, in order of importance, the most
important species are Buliminella elegantissima (Fig-
ure 6), Bolwina striatula, Quinqueloculina impressa
(Figure 14), and Gaudryina exilis (Figure 12). Quan-

queloculina impressa increases in density northward,

whereas the other species increase southward.

Tables 5 and 6 show that the canonical variate

CANONICAL VARIATE 2

MEAN NUMBER OF INDIVIDUALS

SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE MARINE SCIENCES

SEBASTIAN

BANANA

-| (0) | 2 3 4 5
CANONICAL VARIATE |

Ficure 2.—Plot of mean canonical variates 1 and 2.

Ammobaculites exilis

HAULOVER SEBASTIAN VERO LINK JIM'S BUOY HERMAN'S ST. LUCIE
BANANA JOHN'S BEACH PORT FLAT 195 BAY TRANSECT
ISLAND JENSEN ST. LUCIE
BEACH INLET

Ficure 3.—Mean densities of Ammobaculites exilis at Indian River sampling sites.

NUMBER

16

200
(dp)
sail
< . ee
a '60 Ammonia beccari!
>
(an)
Z 20
Le
(e)
tl
oO 80
=
=)
z
zm 40
a G
WW
=
O
HAULOVER SEBASTIAN VERO LINK JIM'S BUOY HERMAN'S ST. LUCIE
BANANA JOHN'S BEACH PORT FLAT 195 BAY TRANSECT
ISLAND JENSEN ST. LUCIE
BEACH INLET

Ficure 4.—Mean densities of Ammonia beccariu at Indian River sampling sites.

100
(dp)
af
a . . .
a 80 Bolivina striatula
>
Qa
= 60
LL
(eo)
if

4
3) fe)
=
S)
i fo)
= 2
<q
LJ
=

HAULOVER SEBASTIAN VERO LINK JIMS BUOY HERMAN'S ST. LUCIE
BANANA JOHN'S BEACH PORT FLAT 195 BAY TRANSECT
ISLAND JENSEN ST. LUCIE
BEACH INLET

Figure 5.—Mean densities of Boliwina striatula at Indian River sampling sites.

SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE MARINE SCIENCES

00

807 Bulimine/la elegantissima

fe)
(eo)

BSS
(eo)

20

MEAN NUMBER OF INDIVIDUALS

O
HAULGVER SEBASTIAN VERO LINK JIM'S BUOY HERMAN'S ST. LUCIE
BANANA JOHN'S BEACH PORT FLAT 195 BAY TRANSECT
ISLAND JENSEN ST. LUCIE
BEACH INLET

Ficure 6.—Mean densities of Buliminella elegantissima at Indian River sampling sites.

i)
[e)

Cyclogyra planorbis

ro) a

MEAN NUMBER OF INDIVIDUALS
ao

HAULOVER SEBASTIAN VERO LINK JIM'S BUOY HERMAN’S ST. LUCIE
BANANA JOHN'S BEACH PORT FLAT 195 BAY TRANSECT
ISLAND JENSEN ST. LUCIE
BEACH INLET

Ficure 7.—Mean densities of Cyclogyra planorbis at Indian River sampling sites.

NUMBER 16

20

Elphidium excavatum

MEAN NUMBER OF INDIVIDUALS

HAULOVER SEBASTIAN VERO LINK JIM'S BUOY HERMAN’S ST. LUCIE
BANANA JOHN'S BEACH PORT FLAT 195 BAY TRANSECT
ISLAND JENSEN ST. LUCIE
BEACH INLET

Ficure 8.—Mean densities of Elphidium excavatum at Indian River sampling sites.

Dy)
{o)

Elphidium gunteri

a

MEAN NUMBER OF INDIVIDUALS
on 3

HAULOVER SEBASTIAN VERO LINK JIM'S BUOY HERMAN'S ST. LUCIE
BANANA JOHN'S BEACH PORT FLAT 195 BAY TRANSECT
ISLAND JENSEN ST. LUCIE
BEACH INLET

Ficure 9.—Mean densities of Elphidium guntert at Indian River sampling sites.

10 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE MARINE SCIENCES

10
(ep)
Bi)
=
BD 81 Elphidium kugleri
>
Q
a
we
(eo)
jag
LJ
(aa)
=
=
a
a
<q
LJ
=
HAULOVER SEBASTIAN VERO LINK JIM'S BUOY HERMAN’S ST. LUCIE
BANANA JOHN'S BEACH PORT FLAT 195 BAY TRANSECT
ISLAND JENSEN ST. LUCIE
BEACH INLET

Ficure 10.—Mean densities of Elphidium kuglerx at Indian River sampling sites.

30
(dp)
a
S25 E/lphidium mexicanum
(a)
a
(=)
raw
ve
(o)
wc 15
WwW
@
=
> 10
a
a
q 5
W
=

HAULOVER SEBASTIAN VERO LINK JIM'S BUOY HERMAN'S ST. LUCIE
BANANA JOHN'S BEACH PORT FLAT 195 BAY TRANSECT
ISLAND JENSEN ST. LUCIE
BEACH INLET

Ficure 11.—Mean densities of Elphidium mexicanum at Indian River sampling sites.

NUMBER 16
|
| 10
(dp)
=I
< .
2 8} Gaudryina exilis
| >
(an)
Z=6
Le
oO
om
va]
faa} 4
=
=>
z
; ze
<6
Lu
| =
) e HAULOVER SEBASTIAN VERO LINK JIM'S BUOY HERMAN'’S ST. LUCIE
BANANA JOHN'S BEACH PORT FLAT 195 BAY TRANSECT
ISLAND JENSEN ST. LUCIE
BEACH INLET

Figure 12.—Mean densities of Gaudryina exilis at Indian River sampling sites.

20
(ap)
z
=) Nonionella auricula
fa)
2
a
z
Le
(oe)
a
LJ
faa
=
=
z
z
<8
uJ
=
HAULOVER SEBASTIAN VERO LINK JIM'S BUOY HERMAN'S ST. LUCIE
BANANA JOHN'S BEACH PORT FLAT 195 BAY TRANSECT
ISLAND JENSEN ST. LUCIE
BEACH INLET

Ficure 13.—Mean densities of Nonzonella auricula at Indian River sampling sites.

11

2

MEAN NUMBER OF INDIVIDUALS

MEAN NUMBER OF INDIVIDUALS

SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE MARINE SCIENCES

100
Quinqueloculina impressa
HAULOVER SEBASTIAN VERO LINK JIM'S BUOY HERMAN'S ST. LUCIE
BANANA JOHN'S BEACH PORT FLAT 195 BAY TRANSECT
ISLAND JENSEN ST. LUCIE
BEACH INLET

Figure 14.—Mean densities of Quinqueloculina umpressa at Indian River sampling sites.

00
804 Quinqueloculina seminul/a
HAULOVER SEBASTIAN VERO LINK JIM'S BUOY HERMAN’S ST. LUCIE
BANANA JOHN'S BEACH PORT FLAT 195 BAY TRANSECT
ISLAND JENSEN ST. LUCIE
BEACH INLET

Ficure 15.—Mean densities of Quinqueloculina seminula at Indian River sampling sites.

NUMBER

16

MEAN NUMBER OF INDIVIDUALS

MEAN NUMBER OF INDIVIDUALS

3

@

o

BSS

ine)

Fosalina floridana

HAULOVER SEBASTIAN VERO LINK JIM'S BUOY HERMAN'S ST. LUCIE
BANANA JOHN'S BEACH PORT FLAT 195 BAY TRANSECT
ISLAND JENSEN ST. LUCIE
BEACH INLET

Ficure 16.—Mean densities of Rosalina flordana at Indian River sampling sites.

Frosalina globularis

HAULOVER SEBASTIAN” VERO LINK JIM'S BUOY HERMAN’S ST. LUCIE
BANANA JOHN'S BEACH PORT FLAT 195 BAY TRANSECT
ISLAND JENSEN ST. LUCIE
BEACH INLET

Ficure 17.—Mean densities of Rosalina globularis at Indian River sampling sites.

13

14 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE MARINE SCIENCES

300

ie)
a
(eo)

200

150

100

MEAN NUMBER OF INDIVIDUALS
oi
fo}

Total living individuals per replicate (20m!)

HAULOVER SEBASTIAN VERO LINK JIMS BUOY HERMAN'S ST. LUCIE
BANANA JOHN'S BEACH PORT FLAT 195 BAY TRANSECT
ISLAND JENSEN ST. LUCIE
BEACH INLET

Ficure 18.—Mean densities of total living population at Indian River sampling sites.

analysis used a combination of some of the more
abundant species, such as Bolwwina striatula and
Buliminella elegantissima, as well as some of the less
abundant ones, such as Gaudryina exilis and Elphi-
dium guntert, for discriminating the various areas.
The most abundant species, Ammonia beccari, is of
little importance in the analysis as it occurs abun-
dantly everywhere (Figure 4).

The third, fourth, fifth and sixth canonical
variates are statistically significant (Table 3) and
together account for about 36% of the total vari-
ance. They do not, however, provide any partic-
ularly interpretable contrasts. Perhaps the only
information that can be gleaned from them is
that the Indian River is extremely variable, a fact
confirmed by the canonical analysis attempted
on the individual stations.

We will briefly review where each species has
its maximum or peak density relative to other
areas. For standardization, we define a peak den-
sity as one exceeding twice the average density of
the species over the entire area.

At the Haulover station, Cyclogyra planorbis and
Quinqueloculina seminula (Figure 15) exhibit peak
densities. The Banana station has a maximum
density achieved by Q. impressa, five times its
average density. At Sebastian Inlet, Elphidium

mexicanum attains its maximum density, four times
greater than average. The John’s Island transect
has peak densities for E. excavatum (Figure 8) and
E. gunterr. At the Vero Beach transect, E. gunteri
and Rosalina floridana reach their maximum den-
sities of four to five times their average densities.
The Link Port transect also has a peak density
for R. floridana. Jim’s Flat has maximum densities
for Ammobaculites exilis (Figure 3), C. planorbis, and
E. kuglerr (Figure 10). Quinqueloculina seminula is
also abundant at Jim’s Flat. The Buoy 195 tran-
sect has a maximum density for Ammonia beccariu
(Figure 4), by far the most abundant species in
the Indian River (Table 5). Ammobaculites exilts,
Bolwina striatula, Buliminella elegantissima, E. kuglera,
and G. exzlis also have high densities at the Buoy
195 transect. The Herman’s Bay transect has
maximum densities for Boliwina striatula, the sec-
ond most abundant species in the Indian River,
and Nonvonella auricula. At Jensen Beach all species
have densities below their average, except for G.
exilis, which maintains its average density. The
St. Lucie transect has maximum densities for G.
exilis and R. globulans (Figure 17). Nonionella auri-
cula and Q. seminula are also abundant. The St.
Lucie Inlet has maximum densities for Buliminella
elegantissima and E. excavatum. The species C. plan-

NUMBER 16

orbis, E. kuglerr, and R. globularis also have high
densities at the St. Lucie Inlet.

This brief review indicates that various areas
in the Indian River are characterized or discrim-
inated by different abundances of the 15 most
common species. The trend of increasing density
southward is shown clearly in Figure 18, which
plots the mean number of total living individuals
per 20-ml replicate. With the exception of the
Jensen Beach transect, the density of foraminifera
clearly increases in a southerly direction.

Species Diversity

The number of species found at the 12 areas is
plotted on Figure 19 and listed in Table 5. In
general there is an increase in the number of
species encountered to the south. The greatest
number of species was found at Buoy 195, Her-
man’s Bay, Jensen Beach, and St. Lucie transect.
In the northern half of the Indian River, Vero
Beach had the greatest number of species encoun-
tered.

Table 5 lists the values for the information
function H/ at the 12 areas, and Figure 20 is a plot
of them. The same trend of increasing species
diversity to the south is evident. Because the
information function gives less weight to rare
species, the amplitude of the curve is diminished.
Some other differences are also notable. Maxima
for the information function occur at Jim’s Flat
and Jensen Beach, and an increase rather than a
decrease occurs from St. Lucie transect to St.
Lucie Inlet. This happens because the value of
information function depends not only on the
number of species but also upon their equitability
(Gibson and Buzas, 1973).

A measure of species equitability, F (Buzas and
Gibson, 1969), is listed in Table 5 and plotted on
Figure 21. At Haulover, Banana, and Sebastian,
equitability is nearly constant, and the informa-
tion function’s curve closely resembles the species
number plot. At John’s Island, Vero Beach, and
Link Port, the equitability values are again con-
stant but at a lower level, and the plot of the
information function still resembles the species
number plot. The Jim’s Flat station has a rise in

NS)

species equitability, whereas Buoy 195 has a de-
crease. The information function mimics this pat-
tern and shows a higher value at Jim’s Flat than
at Buoy 195, the opposite of the species number
plot. The same situation occurs at the remaining
southern stations so that the information function
plot closely resembles that of species equitability.
If the criterion for “species diversity” is the infor-
mation function, then maxima occur at Jim’s Flat
and Jensen Beach, areas with high equitabilities
and number of species. If the criterion for ‘‘species
diversity” is the number of species, then Buoy
195, Herman’s Bay, Jensen Beach, and St. Lucie
transect would be chosen. In any case, a trend of
increasing species diversity toward the south is
observed.

Because the number of species is correlated
with the number of individuals (Buzas et al.,
1977), it is no surprise that the southern area has
a higher number of species than the northern
area. Figure 22 is a semilog plot of the number of
individuals found in each area against the num-
ber of species. The areas with the greatest number
of species, Herman’s Bay, St. Lucie transect, and
Buoy 195, are also the areas with the greatest
numbers of individuals. The Jensen Beach tran-
sect appears as an outlier in Figure 22. Although
10 replicates were collected in this transect, only
939 individuals were found, making Jensen Beach
the area with the lowest mean density in the
entire Indian River (Table 5). Nevertheless, 49
species were identified at Jensen Beach, and be-
cause the more abundant species occur there with
low densities (Table 5), the equitability is higher
than at adjacent stations. Consequently the infor-
mation function reaches its maximum value at
this transect.

We have not had an opportunity to investigate
whether or not this anomalous pattern of low
number of individuals and high number of species
at Jensen Beach is due to some unique spatial
pattern found only at that locality.

Distribution of Rare Species

The 15 most abundant species comprise 95%
of the total living population for all areas except

16

NUMBER OF SPECIES

INFORMATION FUNCTION

60

50

40

30

20

3.0

2.5

2.0

1.0

SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE MARINE SCIENCES

HAULOVER SEBASTIAN VERO LINK JIM'S BUOY HERMAN'S ST. LUCIE
BANANA JOHN'S BEACH PORT FLAT 195 BAY TRANSECT
ISLAND JENSEN ST. LUCIE
BEACH INLET

Figure 19.—Number of species recorded at Indian River sampling sites.

HAULOVER SEBASTIAN VERO LINK JIM'S BUOY HERMAN’S ST. LUCIE
BANANA JOHN'S BEACH PORT FLAT 195 BAY TRANSECT
ISLAND JENSEN ST. LUCIE
BEACH INLET

Ficure 20.—Values of information function at Indian River sampling sites.

NUMBER

16

1.0
z
o
bE 08
O
za
=)
Le
0.6
>
Ee
—I
0-4
<x
aaa
=
Go 02
Li
O
HAULOVER SEBASTIAN VERO LINK JIM'S BUOY HERMAN’S ST. LUCIE
BANANA JOHN'S BEACH PORT FLAT 195 BAY TRANSECT
ISLAND JENSEN ST. LUCIE
BEACH INLET
Figure 21.—Values of equitability function at Indian River sampling sites.
60
HERMAN'S BAY, 9/BUOY 195
50 ST. LUCIE TRANSECT
JENSEN BEACH ©
i¢p)
uJ
rn
qa. 40
2) ST. LUCIE INLETO
Le
(eo) © VERO BEACH
er 30 JIM'S FLAT ©
fo) '
© JOHN'S ISLAND
= LINK PORT
HAULOVER
= 20
© SEBASTIAN INLET
10 rag S = -93.02 + 17.97 InN

200 1000
NUMBER OF INDIVIDUALS

Ficure 22.—Semilog plot of individuals vs. species in the Indian River.

17

18 } SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE MARINE SCIENCES

Jim’s Flat, Herman’s Bay, and Jensen Beach
(Table 5). At Jim’s Flat the addition of 78 Isha-
mella apertura specimens brings the percentage
from 88 to 96. Ishamella apertura could have been
included with the most abundant species, as its
grand total (79) is comparable to that of Ammo-
baculites exilis (83). Because this species is a very
unusual foraminifer (see “Systematic Catalog’’),
and all specimens except one occur at Jim’s Flat,
we decided to exclude it from the analysis of the
abundant species.

At Herman’s Bay four rare species must be
included to attain 95% of the total living popu-
lation. These are Ammobacultites cf. exilis (53), Hop-
Kinsina pacifica (22), Quinqueloculina poeyana (16),
and Bolwwina sp. B (13). The addition of A. cf. exzles
alone brings the total to 95%, and it is possible
that this species is merely a large grained form of
A. exilis sensu stricto, which was included among
the 15 most abundant species.

As pointed out earlier, Jensen Beach is very
unusual because the total living population is
low, and yet a large number of species was re-
corded there. At Jensen Beach eight species must
be added to bring the total to 95%. These are:
Hopkinsina pacifica (40), Quinqueloculina poeyana (9),
Elphidium advenum (8), Rosalina concinna (8), Fursen-
koina fusiformis (6), Bolwina sp. B (5), Nonionella
opima (5), and Quinqueloculina cf. akneriana (5). This
is the only area where more than 20 species are
required to obtain 95% of the total living popu-
lation.

The great disparity in densities among areas,
the positive correlation between numbers of spe-
cies and numbers of individuals, and the fact that
15 species almost always make up 95% of the total
living population suggest that the use of rare
species to discern meaningful spatial patterns is
extremely hazardous. Because the probability of
encountering a rare species is low, it is difficult to
tell whether a species was not found because of
chance or because it really wasn’t there. On the
other hand, the relatively large number (78) of
Ishamella apertura found at Jim’s Flat while only
one specimen was found elsewhere does suggest
that this species may have a very restricted dis-
tribution. A similar, but more tenuous, pattern

may exist for Hopkinsina pacifica, Quinqueloculina
poeyana, and Bolwina sp. B. These species were
found at the adjacent Herman’s Bay and Jensen
Beach stations and were members of those species
that make up 95% of the total living population.
Finally, two species occur at St. Lucie Inlet and
St. Lucie transect and nowhere else in the Indian
River. Peneroplis pertusus and Sorites marginalis are
well-known tropical species. They occur abun-
dantly in Florida Bay (Bock, 1971) and are prob-
ably at the northernmost limits of their ranges.

Discussion

Ideally, studies concerned with the distribution
of organisms would sample all areas simultane-
ously over a long period to average out seasonal
fluctuations in density. Unfortunately, this is
rarely feasible due to economic and time con-
straints. In the present study, samples were taken
in February, March, April, June, September, and
December (Table 2). Data from Link Port taken
over a four-year period (Buzas, 1978; 1982; un-
published) indicate a substantial variation in den-
sity from month to month. In general the winter
months (December, February, and March) have
low densities, June a moderate density, and April
a high density. If seasonality, or time, rather than
location were responsible for the density pattern
observed, we would expect moderate densities at
Haulover, Banana, Sebastian, Jim’s Flat, and St.
Lucie Inlet (all sampled in June). We would
expect low densities at John’s Island, Link Port,
Buoy 195, Herman’s Bay, and St. Lucie transect
(all sampled in winter). Finally, we would expect
a high density at Jensen Beach (sampled in April).
Figure 18 clearly shows this is not the case. In-
stead, there is an overall increase in density south-
ward, with the exception of Jensen Beach, which
has the lowest density of anywhere! Therefore, we
believe that the observed density pattern is a
consequence of the area sampled rather than time
of sampling.

When studying the distribution of foramini-
fera, researchers usually divide the study area into
faunal zones or biofacies (Boltovskoy and Wright,
1976). The biofacies are defined either on the

\
|
|
}
|

NUMBER 16

basis of examination of the data or by the use of
some numerical or statistical technique (Buzas,
1979). Examination of data usually shows that
boundaries between biofacies are rarely discrete.
However, the use of some numerical techniques,
such as cluster analysis, forces samples into one
group or another, and the amount of overlap may
not be apparent. The results of the canonical
variate analysis performed on the 15 most abun-
dant species in the Indian River (Figure 2) shows
that the inlets and Haulover are distinct from
other areas. They do not, however, form a ho-
mogeneous group themselves. Each is distinct and
would have to be assigned its own biofacies. ‘The
second canonical axis shows a north-south trend
or arrangement of areas. St. Lucie transect 1s
clearly different from Banana or John’s Island,
but the confidence circles from area to area over-
lap. At no point is there an indication of a simple
break dividing, for example, the area into north
and south biofacies. Consequently, we have de-
cided not to designate any biofacies but to allow
Figure 2 to stand as a representation of the fora-
miniferal distribution in the Indian River.

Young et al. (1976) reported an increase in
density of decapods southward in the Indian
River. In the adjacent ocean, Gore et al. (1978)
found the same trend for the decapods inhabiting
the sabellariid worm reefs that parallel the barrier
island. On the other hand the macrobenthos,
mostly polychaetes, exhibit a trend of decreasing
density southward (Young et al., 1976; Young
and Young, 1977). Amphipods inhabiting sea-
grass also have lower densities in southern areas
as well as near inlets (Nelson et al., 1982). The
decrease in density of macrobenthos and amphi-
pods was attributed to predation by decapods on
the former (Young et al., 1976; Young and
Young, 1977) and by decapods and fish on the
latter (Nelson et al., 1982).

Predation of foraminifera is common (Lipps
and Valentine, 1970), and experiments indicate
that foraminiferal densities in the Indian River
are regulated by predation (Buzas, 1978; 1982).
Buzas and Carle (1979) found foraminifera in the
guts of deposit feeders, among them polychaetes
and decapods. Unfortunately we do not know

19

whether one group is more important in regulat-
ing foraminiferal density than the other. Conse-
quently we cannot speculate with confidence as
to whether or not the increase in foraminiferal
densities southward is due to a change in preda-
tion pressure. The increase in density does corre-
late positively with increasing density of decapods
and negatively with the densities of polychaetes
and amphipods.

Young et al. (1976), Young and Young (1977),
and Nelson et al. (1982) have pointed out a
gradient of decreasing environmental variability
toward the southern end of the Indian River.
This decreasing gradient is positively correlated
with the increase in foraminiferal density to the
south. A similar pattern of higher foraminiferal
density in an area of less environmental variabil-
ity was reported by Buzas et al. (1977) in Jamaica,
West Indies.

Hydrographically, the inlets and Haulover dif-
fer from other areas because they represent ex-
tremes of tidal influence. The inlets experience
strong, diurnal tidal changes, whereas Haulover,
in the “blind” end of the River, experiences al-
most no tidal influence at all. Each of these areas
is discriminated by changes in the densities of the
most abundant foraminiferal species in the Indian
River. While species diversity generally increases
southward, we observed no increase in species
diversity at the three inlets. This contrasts mark-
edly with Gilmore (1977), who found the highest
number of fish species at inlets, and Mook (1980),
who found an increased diversity of fouling or-
ganisms at Fort Pierce Inlet as compared to Vero
Beach.

No studies of foraminifera have been made in
estuaries near the Indian River. To the north in
Pamlico Sound, North Carolina, Grossman
(1967) defined several biofacies. Some biofacies
are characterized by species such as Elphidium
excavatum and E. guntert, which also occur in the
Indian River. In general, however, the Pamlico
Sound fauna is very different from the Indian
River fauna.

Farther south, foraminifera have been studied
in Florida Bay and adjacent waters by Stubbs
(1940), Bock et al. (1971), and Rose and Lidz

20 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE MARINE SCIENCES

(1977). Bock (1971) and Rose and Lidz (1977)
have defined biofacies containing abundant Am-
monia beccarit, the dominant species in the Indian
River. The foraminiferal fauna of these southern
waters, however, does not closely resemble the
fauna from the Indian River. The sediments to
the south are mainly carbonates (Milliman et al.,
1972), unlike the quartz sands of the Indian
River. This carbonate sedimentary regime marks
the northernmost extension of the Bahamian or
Caribbean faunal province (Buzas and Culver,
1980), thus expiaining why the foraminiferal spe-
cies are so different between central and southern
Florida.

Systematic Catalog

The following catalog uses the general sys-
tematic structure of the Tyeatise of Paleontology
(Loeblich and Tappan, 1964), even though we
believe the overall taxonomic philosophy of the
Treatise is too rigid. For example, we have assigned
species with both optically radial and granular
walls to the genus Elphidiwm, although strict ad-
herence to the Treatise would have placed them
in different superfamilies. We believe, however,
the systematic arrangement used here is more
useful than an alphabetical scheme.

Where possible, our synonymies are based on
direct inspection of the types cited. In a few cases
the only specimens accessible were from Pacific
collections or were topotypes.

Illustration of foraminifera is a continuing
source of difficulty for researchers. Although it
has become fairly easy to take high quality scan-
ning electron micrographs, they do not convey
the transparent qualities of foraminiferal tests, a
severe drawback, as most work is done with op-
tical microscopes. Furthermore, the gold coating
necessary for scanning electron microscopy makes
the specimen opaque and very difficult to use,
subsequently, under a binocular microscope. The
alternative, a good drawing by a scientific illus-
trator, does not harm the specimen and produces
a view of the specimen as it appears under an
optical microscope. For anything more than a

small number of views, however, the time and
expense are rarely justified.

In this study we have attempted to use scan-
ning electron micrographs of very thinly coated
specimens. The gold coating was 50 angstroms,
about one-quarter of the thickness normally used.
This coating is virtually transparent, and the
specimens are still quite useful for optical work.
The electron micrographs, however, tend to have
charged areas and strange scan lines due to the
inadequate conductivity of the thin coating. By
using very low accelerating voltages (less than 5
KV), we were able to hold these bad effects to a
minimum. In spite of this, a few of the figures
have some visibly charged areas. We feel, how-
ever, that the preservation of the optical charac-
ters of the specimens warrants the defects in the
figures.

Specimens deposited in the National Museum
of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, are
listed under the abbreviation “USNM” (for the
collection numbers of the former United States
National Museum). Representatives of most spe-
cies are deposited in the Indian River Coastal
Zone Museum, Fort Pierce, Florida.

HierarcHy.—From order through genus:

Order FoRAMINIFERIDA Eichwald, 1830
Suborder ALLOGROMIUNA Loeblich and Tappan, 1961
Superfamily Lacynacea Schultze, 1854
Family ALLOGRomMIIDAE Rhumbler, 1904
Genus Allogromia Rhumbler, 1904
Suborder TextuLaruNna Delage and Herouard, 1896
Superfamily Liruotacea de Blainville, 1825
Family HormosinipaE Haeckel, 1894
Subfamily HormosininaE Haeckel, 1894
Genus Reophax Montfort, 1808
Family Liruo.ipae de Blainville, 1825
Subfamily Liruouinae de Blainville, 1825
Genus Ammobaculites Cushman, 1910
Family TROCHAMMINIDAE Schwager, 1877
Subfamily TROCHAMMININAE Schwager, 1877
Genus Trochamina Parker and Jones, 1859
Family ATOXOPHRAGMIIDAE Schwager, 1877
Subfamily VERNEUILININAE Cushman, 1911
Genus Gaudryina d’Orbigny, 1839
Suborder Miriotina Delage and Herouard, 1896
Superfamily Mitiotacea Ehrenberg, 1839
Family FiscHERINIDAE Millet, 1898
Subfamily CycLocyrinaE Loeblich and Tappan,
1961 ;

NUMBER 16

Genus Cyclogyra Wood, 1842
Family NuBECULARIDAE Jones, 1875
Subfamily OPpHTHALMIDINAE Weisner, 1920
Genus Edentostomina Collins, 1958
Genus Weisnerella Cushman, 1933
Subfamily SprroLocuLininaE Weisner, 1920
Genus Spiroloculina d’Orbigny, 1826
Family Miriouipae Ehrenberg, 1839
Subfamily QuinQUELOCULININAE Cushman, 1917
Genus Quinqueloculina d’Orbigny, 1826
Genus Massilina Schlumberger, 1893
Genus Pateorrs Loeblich and Tappan, 1953
Genus T7iloculina d’Orbigny, 1826
Subfamily MILioLinecLinae Vella, 1957
Genus Miliolinella Weisner, 1931
Genus Biloculinella Weisner, 1931
Genus Scutuloris Loeblich and Tappan, 1953
Subfamily TuBinectina—E Rhumbler, 1906
Genus Tubinella Rhumbler, 1906
Genus Articulina d’Orbigny, 1826
Ishamella, new genus
Family Soritipar Ehrenberg, 1839
Subfamily PENEROPLINAE Schultze, 1854
Genus Peneroplis Montfort, 1808
Subfamily SoritinaE Ehrenberg, 1839
Genus Sorites Ehrenberg, 1839
Suborder Roratuna Delage and Herouard, 1896
Superfamily Noposariacea Ehrenberg, 1838
Family Noposarupae Ehrenberg, 1838
Subfamily NoposarunaE Ehrenberg, 1838
Genus Lagena Walker and Jacob
Family GLANDULINIDAE Reuss, 1860
Subfamily OouininaeE Loeblich and Tappan, 1961
Genus Fissurina Reuss, 1850
Superfamily Butminacea Jones, 1875
Family TurriLinipAE Cushman, 1927
Subfamily TurriLininAE Cushman, 1927
Genus Buliminella Cushman, 1911
Family Bo.iviniripAE Cushman, 1927
Genus Boliwina d’Orbigny, 1839
Family BuLimINipAE Jones, 1875
Subfamily ButimininaE Jones, 1875
Genus Bulimina d’Orbigny, 1826
Subfamily PavonininaE Eimer and Fickert, 1899
Genus Pavonina d’Orbigny, 1826
Family Uviceriniwae Haeckel, 1894
Genus Hopkinsina Howe and Wallace, 1932
Genus T7farina Cushman, 1923
Superfamily Discorsacea Ehrenberg, 1838
Family DiscorsiparE Ehrenberg, 1838
Subfamily DiscorsinaE Ehrenberg, 1838
Genus Rosalina d’Orbigny, 1826
Genus Stelsonia Parker, 1954

Family GLaBRATELLIDAE Loeblich and Tappan, 1964

Genus Glabratella Dorreen, 1948

Genus Glabratellina Seiglie and Bermudez, 1965
Superfamily SpiriLLinAceA Reuss, 1862
Family SpirILLiNIDAE Reuss, 1862
Subfamily SpiriLLininAE Reuss, 1862
Genus Mychostomina Berthelin, 1881
Superfamily Rorauiacea Ehrenberg, 1839
Family Roratupae Ehrenberg, 1839
Subfamily Roratunae Ehrenberg, 1839
Genus Ammonia Brunnich, 1772
Family ELpHipupaAe Galloway, 1933
Subfamily ELpHiDUNAE Galloway, 1933
Genus Elphidium Montfort, 1808
Genus Haynesina Banner and Culver, 1978
Superfamily Orpirorpacea Schwager, 1876
Family Eponipipar Hofker, 1951
Genus Eponides de Montfort, 1808
Family Cisicipipaz Cushman, 1927
Subfamily CrsicipinaeE Cushman, 1927
Genus Crbicides de Montfort, 1808
Family PLANORBULINIDAE Schwager, 1877
Genus Planorbulina d’Orbigny, 1826
Family CymBaLoporipae Cushman, 1928
Genus Cymbaloporetta Cushman, 1928
Superfamily CassipuLINACEA d’Orbigny, 1839
Family CaucasinipaE Bykova, 1959
Subfamily FuRSENKOININAE Loeblich and Tappan,
1961
Genus Fursenkoina Loeblich and Tappan, 1961
Genus Szgmavirgulina Loeblich and Tappan, 1957
Family CassipuLINIDAE d’Orbigny, 1839
Genus Cassidulina d’Orbigny, 1826
Family Nonionipaek Schultze, 1854
Subfamily Nonioninae Schultze, 1854
Genus Nonion de Montfort, 1808
Genus Nonionella Cushman, 1926
Family ANOMALINIDAE Cushman, 1927
Genus Hanzawaia Asano, 1944

Genus Allogromia Rhumbler, 1904
?Allogromia species

Since the technique used in preparing the sam-
ples included several acetone rinses and drying
under heat lamps, there is a good possibility that
most of the allogromids present were destroyed.
Perhaps these specimens are not Allogromaa at all
and may merely be pieces of debris that were
stained by the rose bengal.

Specimens scattered throughout the Indian
River are thus referred. (Total: 12; range: 0-3.)

N
ihe)

Genus Reophax Montfort, 1808

Reophax nana Rhumbler
PLATE 1: FIGURE 1

Reophax nana Rhumbler, 1913:471, 472, pl. 8: figs. 6—-12.—
Parker, 1952b:457, pl. 1: figs. 14, 15.—Parker, Phleger,
and Peirson, 1953:13, pl. 1: fig. 11.—Todd and Bronni-
man, 1957:22, pl. 1: fig. 17.—Lankford, 1959:2099, pl. 1:
fig. 2.—Buzas, 1965b:55, pl. 1: fig. 2.

A few specimens, mostly from the Fort Pierce
and St. Lucie inlets, were referred to this category.

Figured hypotype: USNM 310285. (Total: 18;
range: 0-7.)

Genus Ammobaculites Cushman, 1910

Ammobaculites exiguus Cushman and
Bronniman

PLATE 1: FIGURES 2, 3

Ammobaculites exiguus Cushman and Bronniman, 1948b:38,
39, pl. 7: figs. 7, 8.—Parker, Phleger, and Peirson, 1953:5,
pl. 1: fig. 16.—Bandy, 1956:192, pl. 30: fig. 2.—Todd and
Bronniman, 1957:23, pl. 2: fig. 7.—Lankford, 1959:2097,
pl. 1: fig. 9.

The specimens referred to this category are
generally more slender than those referred to
Ammobaculities exilis and have a much rounder
cross section in the uniserial portion. For a further
discussion see A. exzilvs.

All but one of the specimens are from the Buoy
195 transect.

Figured hypotype: USNM 310280. (Total: 6;
range: 0-4.)

Ammobaculites exilis Cushman and
Bronniman

PLaTeE 1: FIGURES 4, 5

Ammobaculites exilis Cushman and Bronniman, 1948b:39, pl.
7: fig. 9.—Bandy, 1956:192, pl. 30: fig. 3.—Buzas, Smith,
and Beem, 1977:64, pl. 1: figs. 5, 6.

All specimens referred to this category are fine
grained and match the holotype and paratypes
well. The neck is generally compressed. Only a
few of the specimens are uncoiling, and only a
few have distinct sutures.

SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE MARINE SCIENCES

Although some authors have chosen to synon-
omize Ammobaculites exilis with A. exiguus, we feel
that in the Indian River there are two distinct
populations: one, A. exzlis, is compressed and only
slowly uncoiling into a uniserial section; the other,
A. exiguus, 1s rather inflated and has a distinct
break between the coiled early section of the test
and the cylindrical uniserial later portion.

This species occurs throughout the Indian
River and is most abundant near Fort Pierce
Inlet (Jim’s Flat of this study).

Figured hypotype: USNM 310281. (Total: 83;
range: 0-23.)

Ammobaculites cf. exilis Cushman and
Bronniman

PLATE 1: FIGURES 6, 7

Specimens thus referred are similar in shape to
Ammobaculites exilis sensu stricto but have tests
composed of much coarser grains. As we do not
see a gradational series between the coarse- and
fine-grained forms and do find both forms in the
same replicate, we do not feel that the forms are
conspecific. Unfortunately there are never more
than three of each form in a replicate, and so it
is possible that we never see a large enough
sample to get a complete view of the population.

Ammobaculites cf. exilis is the only form of Am-
mobaculites found at Herman’s Bay. Perhaps fur-
ther investigation would reveal the sediment there
to be composed of coarser-than-average grains.

Figured specimen: USNM 310282. (Total: 69;
range: 0-20.)

Genus Trochamina Parker and Jones, 1859

Trochamina cf. advena Cushman

PLATE 1: FIGURES 8, 9

The specimens referred to this category have
deeper sutures than do the types from the Dry
Tortugas, designated by Cushman in 1922. They
resemble Trochamina cf. advena of Phleger, Parker,

and Peirson (1953). They also resemble the spec- ©

imens designated 7° advena by Phleger and Parker
(1951) and Parker (1952a, 1954). They differ

NUMBER 16

enough from the primary types, and so we feel
that synonymization cannot be made.

Most of the specimens were collected at Buoy
NGS)

Figured specimen: USNM 310286. (Total: 11;
range: 0-4.)

Trochamina ochracea (Williamson)

PLATE 1: FIGURES 10, 11

Rotalina ochracea Williamson, 1858:55, pl. 4: fig. 112; pl. 5:
fig. 113.

Trochamina ochracea (Williamson).—Cushman 1944:19, pl. 2:
figs. 12, 13.—Parker, 1952a:408, 409, pl. 4: figs. 13, 14;
1952b:460, pl. 3: fig. 5.—Todd and Low, 1961:16, pl. 1:
fig. 18.

Our specimens have the compressed concave-
convex test and umbilical flaps characteristic of
this normally deep-water species.

Most were found in the southern part of the
Indian River.

Figured hypotype: USNM 310287. (Total: 25;
range: 0-8.)

Trochamina species

Three small specimens are thus referred. Un-
fortunately, the single unbroken specimen was
lost. This specimen had a high spire and clearly
showed three chambers in the final whorl.

All specimens were collected at Buoy 195. (To-
tal: 3; range: 0-3.)

Genus Gaudryina d’Orbigny, 1839

Gaudryina exilis Cushman and Bronniman

Pirate 1: Ficures 12, 13

Gaudryina exilis Cushman and Bronniman, 1948a:40, pl. 7:
figs. 15, 16.—Parker, Phleger, and Peirson, 1953:9, pl. 1:
figs. 37, 38.—Todd and Bronniman, 1957:26, pl. 2: figs.
24, 25.—Lankford, 1959:2098, pl. 1: fig. 13.—Buzas,
Smith, and Beem, 1977:66, pl. 1: figs. 7, 8.

The specimens compare well with the holotype
and paratypes, ranging from long and slender to
short and squat. Some of the longer individuals
tend toward being triserial, but all fit within the

28

range of the numerous paratypes designated by
Cushman.

This species is found only south of Sebastian
Inlet and is most abundant south of Fort Pierce
Inlet.

Figured hypotypes: USNM 310283, 310284.
(Total: 158; range: 0-26.)

Genus Cyclogyra Wood, 1842

Cyclogyra planorbis (Schultze)

PLaTe 1: FIGURE 14

Cornuspira planorbis Schultze, 1854:40, pl. 2: fig. 21.—Phleger
and Parker, 1951:8, pl. 4: figs. 8, 9.—Todd and Bronni-
man, 1957:30, pl. 4: fig. 8.

?Cornuspira involvens (Reuss).—Cushman, 1921:62; 1922a:58;
1941:7.—Cushman and Parker, 1931:5, pl. 2: fig. 1.

Our specimens show very little variation, all
having three whorls. The small prolocular cham-
ber matches well that of Buzas et al. (1977,
unfigured) and Haake (1975, unfigured).

Cyclogyra planorbis is one of the species charac-
teristically occurring at Haulover and the inlets.

Figured hypotype: USNM 310247. (Total:
162; range: 0-67.)

Genus Edentostomina Collins, 1958

Edentostomina cultrata (Brady)

Puate |: FiGuRES 15, 16

Miliolina cultrata Brady, 1884:161, pl. 5: figs. 1, 2.

Quinqueloculina cultrata (Brady).—Todd and Bronniman,
1957:27, pl. 3: fig. 14.—Parker, Phleger, and Peirson,
1953:12, pl. 2: figs. 7, 8.—Lankford, 1959:2099, pl. 1: fig.
15).

Edentosomina cultrata (Brady).—Haake, 1975:19, pl. 1: figs.

3, 6.

The specimens deposited in the Cushman col-
lection by Haake are not those illustrated by him
but are from the same material.

Our five specimens range from the well-
rounded form with no neck (Lankford, 1959) to
the keeled form with a long neck (Haake, 1975).

They occur mainly in the southern part of the
Indian River.

D4 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE MARINE SCIENCES

Figured hypotype: USNM 310248. Hypotypes:
USNM 310254, 310255. (Total: 5; range: 0-1.)

Edentostomina cf. cultrata (Brady)

The single specimen thus assigned differs from
Edentostomina cultrata sensu stricto in having lon-
gitudinal striations. Unfortunately the specimen
was lost during mounting for SEM.

The specimen was found at Buoy 195. (Total:
1; range: 0-1.)

Genus Weisnerella Cushman, 1933

Weisnerella auriculata (Egger)
Pate 1: FIGURE 17

Planispirina auriculata’ Egger, 1893:245, 246, pl. 3: figs.
13-15.—Cushman, 1922a:62, pl. 10: fig. 8; 1929a:93, 94,
pl. 22: fig. 3.

Weisnerella auriculata (Egger).—Cushman 1933a:33, pl. 3: figs.
7-9.— Parker, 1954:501, 502, pl. 5: fig. 13.

Our specimens match well the specimens in the
Cushman collection. This widely distributed spe-
cies is remarkable in its invariant appearance.

This species was found only at the St. Lucie
transect.

Figured hypotype: USNM 310279. (Total: 17;
range: 0-5.)

Genus Spiroloculina d’Orbigny, 1826

Spiroloculina depressa d’Orbigny
PLATE 2: FIGURES 1, 2

Spiroloculina depressa A’Orbigny, 1826:298; “Modele” no.
92.—Bandy, 1956:197, pl. 29: fig. 2.

Our single specimen has a bifid tooth and a
small opposing simple tooth, just as many of the
examined topotypes. Although Bandy’s figured
specimen does not have the opposing tooth, many
specimens from the same study do.

The specimen was found at Jensen Beach.

Figured hypotype: USNM 310276. (Total: 1;
range: 0-1.)

Genus Quinqueloculina d’Orbigny, 1826

Quinqueloculina agglutinans d’Orbigny
PLATE 2: FIGURES 3-6

Quinqueloculina agglutinans d’Orbigny, 1839a:195, pl. 12: figs.
11-13.—Cushman, 1929a:22, pl. 1: fig. 1.—Bandy,
1956:196.—Todd and Bronniman, 1957:27, pl. 3: fig. 4.—
Bock, 1971:16, pl. 4: figs. 3-5.

Our specimens are smaller than most of the
specimens in the Cushman collection and have
tests composed of better-sorted sand grains. Only
a few of the specimens have the bifid tooth com-
mon to the larger specimens deposited in the
Cushman collection.

A few scattered specimens were found through-
out the Indian River.

Figured hypotypes: USNM 310260, 310261.
(Total: 14; range: 0-3.)

Quinqueloculina cf. akneriana d’Orbigny

PLATE 2: FIGURES 7, 8

The specimens referred to this category are
smaller than the topotypes in the Cushman col-
lection and generally have sharper peripheries.
Some approach the almost stellate appearance of
Quinqueloculina lamarkiana but as a group are closer
to Q. akneriana. Although there is one small topo-
type in the Cushman collection that seems to be
conspecific with our specimens, the general ranges
of the two groups do not overlap.

This species was found only south of Fort Pierce
Inlet.

Figured specimen: USNM 310262. (Total: 19;
range: 0-4.)

Quinqueloculina cf. bidentata d’Orbigny

PLATE 2: FIGURES 9, 10

Our specimens are finer grained than most of
those in the Cushman collection. The surface has ©

some attached grains and the small bifid tooth
shown in d’Orbigny’s drawings and in the micro-

graphs of Le Calvez’s topotypes (1977).

|

}

NUMBER 16

This species was found in three replicates, two
from Herman’s Bay and one from Jensen Beach.

Figured specimen: USNM 310263. (Total: 9;
range: 0-5.)

Quinqueloculina carinata-striata (Weisner)
PraTeE 2: FicuRES 11-13

Adelosina milletti Weisner var. carcinata-striata Weisner,
1923:76, 77, pl. 44: figs. 190, 191.

Although we have not examined any specimens
of this species, Weisner’s drawing is very good
and leaves little doubt as to the conspecificity of
our specimens. The specimens are heavily costate
with an angled periphery. The costae are not
parallel to the periphery but meet at it to form a
small keel. The aperture is round with a small
simple tooth.

Five individuals were found throughout the
Indian River.

Figured hypotype: USNM 310264. Hypotypes:
USNM 310308, 310309. (Total: 5; range: 0-2.)

Quinqueloculina goesi (Weisner)
PLATE 2: FIGURES 14-17

Miltolina goesi Weisner, 1923:52, 53, pl. 7: fig. 79.
Quinqueloculina goes: (Weisner).—Haake, 1975:33, 34, pl. 3:
figs. 58, 59, pl. 4: figs. 60-66.

The type figure of this species shows a specimen
with chambers that have a rectangular cross sec-
tion. Although some of the specimens illustrated
by Haake have a similar rectangular cross section,
others are more rounded. The specimens depos-
ited in the Cushman collection by Haake range
in form from rounded to sub-rounded. Only a
few of our specimens displayed the rounded cross
section; most have the rectangular cross section
that is more typical of the species.

Most of the specimens were found at Herman’s
Bay; a few were found in the northern portion of
the Indian River.

Figured hypotypes: USNM 310265, 310266.
(Total: 20; range: 0-5.)

Quinqueloculina gualtieriana d’Orbigny
PLATE 3: FIGURES 1, 2

Quinqueloculina gualtierrana d’Orbigny, 1839a:186, pl. 11: figs.
1-3.

There are no figured specimens of this species
from the Atlantic in the Cushman collection. Our
specimens, however, match the SEM of Le Calvez
(1977) and d’Orbigny’s figures, their long, thin
simple tooth being characteristic.

Two representatives of this species were found
in one replicate from St. Lucie Inlet.

Figured hypotype: USNM 310267. (Total: 2;
range: 0-2.)

Quinqueloculina impressa Reuss
Ficure 23; PLATE 3: FIGURES 3, 4
Quinqueloculina impressa Reuss, 1851:87, pl. 7: fig. 59.—Haake,

1975:24, pl. 1: figs. 24, 25.

Our specimens have a well-rounded outline,
both in side view and in apertural view. Some
authors have listed similar forms as Quinqueloculina
akneriana or Q. lamarkiana, but examination of

USNM

Ficure 23.—Quinqueloculina impressa, front view,
310299, hypotype, X 240.

26 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE MARINE SCIENCES

topotypes shows Q. impressa to be much more
rounded than either.

Surprisingly, this common Indian River mil-
iolid has not been described from elsewhere in
Florida or even from the east coast of North
America (Culver and Buzas, 1980).

Figured hypotypes: USNM 310268, 310299.
Hypotypes: USNM 310298, 310300, 310301,
310302, 310303, 310304, 310305, 310306, 310307.
(Total: 961; range: 0-92.)

Quinqueloculina poeyana d’Orbigny
PLATE 3: FIGURES 5, 6

Quinqueloculina poeyana WOrbigny, 1839a:191, pl. 11: figs.
25-27.—Cushman, 1921:67, fig. 9, pl. 16: figs. 7, 8;
1929a:31, pl. 5: fig. 2.—Parker, Phleger, and Peirson,
1953:12, pl. 2: figs. 13, 14.—Bandy, 1956:196, pl. 29: fig.
6.—Todd and Bronniman 1957:27, pl. 3: fig. 6.—Todd
and Low, 1971:c-8, pl. 2: fig. 4.

This widely distributed species tends to be
rather small in most of our samples. Most of our
specimens have a long simple tooth with a bifid
tip like the neotype designated by Le Calvez
(1977). D’Orbigny described the species as having
a simple tooth. The specimens in the Cushman
collection have teeth that range from bifid to
almost no tooth at all.

Most of the specimens were found in the south-
ern half of the Indian River.

Figured hypotype: USNM 310269. (Total: 46;
range: 0-11.)

Quinqueloculina seminula (Linne)
PLATE 3: FIGURES 7, 8

Serpula seminula Linné, 1758:786.

Quinqueloculina seminula (Linné).—Cushman 1917:44, 45, fig.
29, pl. 11: fig. 2; 1929a:24, 25, pl. 2: fig. 2; 1929b:59, 60,
pl. 9: fig. 18; 1944:13, pl. 2: fig. 14.—Parker, Phleger, and
Peirson, 1953:12, pl. 2: figs. 18, 19.—Parker, 1952a:406,
pl. 3: fig. 21, pl. 4: fig. 1; 1952b:456, pl. 2: fig. 7.—Todd
and Bronniman, 1957:27, pl. 3: figs. 9, 10.—Todd and
Low, 1961:15, pl. 1: fig. 14.—Buzas, 1965a:56, pl. 1: fig.
6.

Most of the specimens of this species are rather
small, with many of them having transluscent

rather than porcelanous walls. Some of them
approach the form Haake (1975) called Quinquel-
oculina pygmaea. However, having examined a
large number of specimens over a wide size range,
there can be little doubt that the abundant and
widely distributed Q. seminula appears in large
numbers throughout the Indian River.

Figured hypotype: USNM 310270. (Total:
1297; range: 0-192.)

Quinqueloculina cf. striata d’Orbigny
PLATE 3: FIGURES 9, 10

Two specimens with very fine striations were
referred to this category. They are less elongate
than Quinqueloculina striata sensu stricto.

One specimen is from Buoy 195; the other is
from Jensen Beach.

Figured specimen: USNM 310271. (Total: 2;
range: 0-1.)

Quinqueloculina tenagos Parker

PLATE 3: FIGURES 11, 12

Quinqueloculina costata dOrbigny, 1826:301.—Cushman,
1922a:66, 67, pl. 11: fig. 5; 1929a:31, pl. 3: fig. 7.

Quinqueloculina rhodiensis Parker in Parker, Phleger, and Peir-
son, 1953:12, pl. 2: figs. 15-17.

Quinqueloculina tenagos Parker, 1962:110.

Eight specimens were referred to this category.
They are all heavily costate; some have a short
neck. The aperture is circular and contains a
small short bifid tooth. This species is overall
shorter and more rounded in outline than Quin-
queloculina poeyana.

Figured hypotype: USNM 310272. (Total: 8;
range: 0-3.)

Quinqueloculina species

PLATE 3: FIGURES 13, 14

The aperture of this species is about one-fifth |
of the way from the end of the elongate test and
includes a very small bifid tooth. In apertural —
view the test is slightly stellate.

NUMBER 16

Both specimens thus referred are from Jensen
Beach.

Figured specimen: USNM 310273. (Total: 2;
range: 0-2.)

Genus Massilina Schlumberger, 1893

?Massilina species
PLATE 3: FIGURES 15, 16

The single specimen thus referred is not com-
pressed as Loeblich and Tappan (1964) define
the genus. It does, however, have a bifid tooth,
early quinqueloculine chambers, and later cham-
bers added in a single plane.

The specimen was found at Jim’s Flat.

Figured specimen: USNM 310249. (Total: 1;
range: 0-1.)

Genus Pateoris Loeblich and Tappan, 1953

Pateoris dilitata (d’Orbigny)

Pate 4: FiGuRES 1, 2

Quinqueloculina dilitata d’Orbigny, 1839a:192, pl. 11: figs.
28-30.—Cushman, 1921:67, figs. 7, 8, pl. 16: figs. 5, 6;
1922a:69, pl. 12: fig. 2; 1929a:26, pl. 2: fig. 5.

Three battered representatives of this species
were found at the St. Lucie Inlet.

Figured hypotype: USNM 310258. (Total: 3;
range: 0-3.)

Genus Triloculina d’Orbigny, 1826

Triloculina cf. trigonula (Lamarck)

PLATE 4: FIGURES 3, 4

The specimens referred to this category match
very well those of Triloculina cf. trigonula collected
by Cushman from Cape Canaveral and referred
to by Todd (1979). They are much more rounded
than 7. trgonula sensu stricto but have a similar
aperture with a large bifid tooth.

The nine specimens referred to this category
were all collected south of Fort Pierce Inlet. Seven

i)
~I

of the specimens were found in a single replicate
from Herman’s Bay.

Figured specimen: USNM 310277. (Total: 9;
range: 0-7.)

Genus Miliolinella Weisner, 1931

Miliolinella subrotunda (Montagu)
PLATE 4: FIGURES 5, 6

Vermiculum subrotundum Montagu, 1803:521.

Miholinella subrotunda (Montagu).—Loeblich and Tappan,
1964:c466, 467, pl. 355: fig. 1—Haake, 1975:39, 40, pl. 5:
figs. 94-97.

Miliolinella labiosa (d’Orbigny).—Todd and Bronniman,
1957:28, pl. 3: figs. 21, 22.

Miliolinella subrotunda is a species that shows
much variation. The tests are generally triloculine
in structure, but in our specimens they seem to
range in form to quinqueloculine. According to
Loeblich and Tappan (1964), this would put
those specimens into the genus Scutuloris. We see
a smooth merge from one form to another in our
specimens.

Our specimens all have terminal apertures that
contain a flap. Some have lips on the aperture.
All are smoothly rounded, although some are
fairly elongate. As mentioned above, some are
trioculine, some are quinqueloculine, and others
are in between.

All but one of our specimens were found at the
Haulover Canal station.

Figured hypotype: USNM 310250. Hypotypes:
USNM 310251, 310252, 310253. (Total: 7; range:
0-3.)

Miliolinella cf. subrotunda (Montagu)
PLaTE 4: FIGURES 7, 8

A single specimen was thus referred. It differs
from Miliolinella subrotunda sensu stricto in that it
possesses light longitudinal costae. It may indeed
be M. subrotunda sensu stricto, but we see no
gradation to this form.

The specimen was found at Haulover Canal.

Figured specimen: USNM 310256. (Total: 1;
range: 0-1.)

28 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE MARINE SCIENCES

?Miliolinella species
PLATE 4: FIGURES 9, 10

The overall outline of the single specimen thus
referred is similar to that of Miliolinella fictellina,
but the aperture is turned sideways, similar to
that of Weisnerella. The aperture is nearly filled
by a large bifid tooth. The margin is acute, and
the surface is smooth.

The specimen was found in the St. Lucie tran-
sect.

Figured specimen: USNM 310257. (Total: 1;
range: 0-1.)

Genus Biloculinella Weisner, 1931

Biloculinella globula (Bornemann)
PiaTe 4: FiGuRES 11, 12

Biloculina globulus Bornemann, 1855:349, pl. 19: fig. 3.
Biloculinella globula (Bornemann).—Todd, 1966:24, pl. 17:
fig. 11.—Todd and Low, 1967:20, pl. 2: fig. 14.

This bilocular miliolid has a large apertural
flap instead of the bifid tooth of Pyrgo.

A few specimens were found at Herman’s Bay
and Jensen Beach.

Figured hypotype: USNM 310246. (Total: 9;
range: 0-4.)

Genus Scutuloris Loeblich and Tappan, 1953

Scutuloris species
PLATE 4: FIGURES 13, 14

The specimens referred to this category are
very similar to Quinqueloculina impressa but have a
shtlike aperture instead of a bifid tooth. There is
no well-developed flap in the aperture, but the
specimens seem best referred to Scutulorts. As men-
tioned under Miliolinella subrotunda, Loeblich and
Tappan (1964) define Miliolinella and Scutuloris as
differing only in that the former is triserial and
the latter is quinqueloculine. Although we in-
clude some quinqueloculine forms in Milzolinella,
we do not see any triloculine forms, or even any
forms tending toward trioculine, in the specimens
we are referring to Scutuloris.

Most of the specimens were found south of Fort
Pierce Inlet.

Figured specimen: USNM 310274. Mentioned
specimen: USNM 310275. (Total: 11; range:
0-4.)

Genus Tubinella Rhumbler, 1906

?Tubinella species
PLATE 4: FIGURE 15

The specimens thus referred are broken and do_ |
not show the uniserial portion of the test at all |
well; hence, the tentative assignment. |

All four specimens were found at Jim’s Flat.

Figured specimen: USNM 310278. (Total: 4;
range: 0-3.)

Genus Articulina d’Orbigny, 1826 |

Articulina cf. pacifica Cushman
PLATE 4: FIGURE 16

Our single specimen is only very slightly cos-
tate, unlike Cushman’s types from Fyi, which
have rather heavy costae. It does have the same |
wide lip and overall shape as Cushman’s smaller, _
two-chambered paratype. In offshore samples we |
have found specimens that are costate and are |
Articulina pacifica sensu stricto, and perhaps our |
specimen is merely a smooth form.

The single specimen was found at Jensen |
Beach.

Figured specimen: USNM 310245. (Total: 1; |
range: 0-1.)

Ishamella, new genus

Test free; chambers inflated, two in number, |
closely appressed; septum vestigal; wall calcar- |
eous, imperforate; aperture terminal.

This simply constructed genus may be related |
to Tubinella. Like Tubinella, the proloculus is large, |
with the second chamber closely appressed, and
it has a vestigal septum. Unlike 7ubznella, it lacks
any final tubular chambers.

The genus is named for Lawrence B. Isham,

NUMBER 16 Ze

Ficure 24.—Ishamella apertura, USNM 310310, holotype, X
240: a, front view; 6, back view; c, side view; d, apertural
view; é, transverse section.

30 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE MARINE SCIENCES

who, with his excellent drawings of foraminifera,
has contributed more to foraminiferal taxonomy
than words can say.

Gender: feminine.

Type-Species.—Ishamella apertura, new species.

Ishamella apertura, new species
Figure 24

Test small; chambers inflated, two in number
consisting of proloculus and closely, appressed
second chamber, proloculus about twice as large
as second chamber, proloculus sometimes with
slight folds; septum vestigal; wall calcareous, im-
perforate, translucent milky color when dry, hya-
line when wet; aperture terminal, large, ovate,
with a slightly thickened lip.

Figure 24a-d comprises drawings of the holo-
type of Ishamella apertura. Figure 24e, a transverse
section of J. apertura, shows the vestigal septum at
the junction of the two chambers. The specific
name is derived from the large and prominent
aperture of the species.

In all, 79 specimens of J. apertura were found in
the Indian River. The total number of individuals
of I. apertura is only slightly less than that of
Ammobaculites exilis, the least abundant of the 15
most abundant species. Other species with similar
densities occur at several areas within the Indian
River. With the exception of a single individual
found at St. Lucie Inlet, all individuals of J.
apertura were found at Jim’s flat. Perhaps this is a
newly arrived or newly evolved species. In any
case, the extremely localized distribution of this
species is unusual.

The length, width, and thickness in millimeters
of the holotype is .27, .19, and .18, respectively.
The mean and standard deviation for 12 para-
types are given below.

Mean Standard deviation
Length 24 03
Width slbiz/ .03
Thickness 15 04

Holotype: USNM 310310. Paratypes: USNM
SLO3LIS, SLOSI257 310305; SOSA Ss Ghoraleaa/ 9:
range: 0-67.)

Genus Peneroplis Montfort, 1808

Peneroplis pertusus (Forskal)
PLATE 5: FIGURE |
Nautilus pertusus Forskal, 1775:125.—Brady, 1884:204, pl. 13:
figs. 16, 17, 23.
Peneroplis pertusus (Forskal).—Cushman, 1921:75, pl. 18: figs.

7, 8; 1930:35, pl. 12: figs. 3-6.—Bock, 1971:34, pl. 13: fig.
10.

None of our specimens were uncoiling; how-
ever, they match Cushman’s specimens well.

All specimens of this species were found at St.
Lucie Inlet.

Figured hypotype: USNM 310259. (Total: 7;
range: 0-3.)

Genus Sorites Ehrenberg, 1839

Sorites marginalis (Lamarck)

Orbulites marginals Lamarck, 1816:196.
Sorites marginalis (Lamarck).—Cushman, 1930:49, 50, pl. 18:
figs. 1-4.—Bock, 1971:36, 37, pl. 14: figs. 5, 6.

All representatives of this species were found at
St. Lucie Inlet or St. Lucie transect, the southern-
most areas in the river. This species is common
near Miami (Bock, 1971); thus the Indian River
may be near the northern range boundary of the
species.

(Total: 5; range: 0-3.)

Genus Lagena Walker and Jacob

Lagena cf. doveyensis Haynes
PLATE 5: FIGURE 2

Our specimens are similar to those described
by Haynes (1973:82, 83, pla i2itiessi75)3)= the f
specimens have long slender tests that taper grad- |
ually to a neck. The end of the neck may have a
phialine lip; however, the neck on our specimens *
is so delicate that the lip is frequently broken. |
Our specimens differ from Haynes’ in that his”
specimens are much larger and have about 20 ©

striations around the base of the test, whereas
ours have only about 15, and in that our speci- ©

:

NUMBER 16

mens have a flattened, not rounded, base on the
test.

All our specimens were found in the southern
part of the Indian River.

Figured specimen: USNM 310182. (Total: 10;
range: 0-3.)

Optically: radial.

Genus Fissurina Reuss, 1850

Fissurina lucida (Williamson)
PLATE 5: FIGURE 3

Entosolena marginata (Montagu) lucida Williamson,
1848:17, 18, pl. 2: fig. 17.

Fissurina lucida (Williamson).—Loeblich and ‘Tappan,
1953:76, 77, pl. 14: fig. 4.-—Todd and Low, 1967:28, pl.

3: fig. 31.

var.

This small species has a very distinctive clear
area in the center of the test, surrounded by a
frosted horseshoe-shaped margin. The test is
slightly compressed with a rounded margin. A
few specimens have a very small spine opposite
the aperture, as does the specimen of Todd and
Low.

Although none of the figured specimens in the
Cushman collection are from the Florida area,
the species was reported on the Southeastern
Continental Shelf by Wilcoxon (1964).

Scattered specimens were found throughout
the Indian River.

Figured hypotype: USNM 310183. (Total: 29;
range: 0-5.)

Optically: radial.

Fissurina species

PLATE 5: FIGURE 4

A single specimen with an elongate and well-
rounded test is referred to this category. The
surface of the test is frosted and opaque.

The specimen was found in the St. Lucie tran-
sect.

Figured specimen: USNM 310184. (Total: 1;
range: 0-1.)

Optically: radial.

Genus Buliminella Cushman, 1911

Buliminella elegantissima (d’Orbigny)
PLATE 5: FIGURE 5

Bulimina elegantissima d’Orbigny, 1839b:51, pl. 7: figs. 13, 14.

Buliminella elegantissima (d’Orbigny).—Cushman and Parker,
1931:13, pl. 3: figs. 12, 13.—Phleger and Parker, 1951:17,
pl. 8: figs. 3, 4. Parker, Phleger, and Pierson, 1953:6, 7,
pl. 4: figs. 8, 9.—Bandy, 1956:193.—Todd and Bronni-
man, 1957:32, pl. 8: figs. 1, 2.—Lankford, 1959:2097, pl.
2: fig. 16.—Buzas, Smith, and Beem, 1977:71, 72, pl. 1:
figs. 19, 20.

In addition to the above specimens, many un-
figured specimens in the Cushman collection have
been examined and found to be conspecific.

This widespread species is found in greatest
abundance near the inlets, suggesting it is an
open-water species.

Figured hypotype: USNM 310214. (Total:
1257; range: 0-118.)

Optically: radial.

Genus Bolivina d’Orbigny, 1839

Bolivina cf. compacta Sidebottom
PLATE 5: FIGURE 6

Only one specimen was referred to this cate-
gory. It has no striations, is coarsely perforate,
and is rather inflated. Although it might be con-
sidered an extreme form of Bolivina striatula, it is
probably better referred to Bb. cf. compacta, as we
see no gradation to this form.

The specimen was collected at Link Port.

Figured specimen: USNM 310192. (Total: 1;
range: 0-1.)

Optically: radial.

Bolivina paula Cushman and Cahill
PLATE 5: FIGURE 7

Bolwvina paula Cushman and Cahill in Cushman and Ponton,
1932:84, pl. 12: fig. 6.—Cushman, 1937:91, pl. 11: fig.
9.—Cushman and McGlamery, 1938:107, 108, pl. 25: figs.
14, 18, 19.—Parker, 1954:516, pl. 7: fig. 26.—Buzas,
Smith, and Beem, 1977:74, pl. 2: figs. 1, 2.

32 SMITHSONIAN

A few of our specimens are opaque like the
holotype, but most are translucent to transparent.
Perhaps the opacity of these specimens is due to
weathering, particularly for the holotype, named
from the Miocene. All specimens have flush ar-
cuate sutures that do not cross the median. The
periphery is smoothly rounded. Most specimens
flair rapidly. Although most of our specimens
have few pores, those pores that exist are concen-
trated along the sutures, as they are on the holo-
type.

Most of the specimens referred to this species
were found south of Fort Pierce Inlet.

Figures hypotype: USNM 310193. (Total: 34;
range: 0-11.)

Optically: radial.

Bolivina striatula Cushman
PLATE 5: FIGURE 8

Bolivina striatula Cushman, 1922a:27, 28, pl. 3: fig. 10;
1941:10.—Parker, Phleger, and Peirson, 1953:6, pl. 4: figs.
4, 5.—Bandy, 1954:135, 136, pl. 31: fig. 9; 1956:193.—
Todd and Bronniman, 1957:34, pl. 8: figs. 12—16.—Lank-
ford, 1959:2097, pl. 3: fig. 6.—Buzas, Smith, and Beem,
1977:75, 76, pl. 2: figs. 5-10.

Although this species shows much variation, it
forms a distinct species. Most specimens have
parallel sides and slightly depressed sutures, giv-
ing a slightly lobate periphery. The margin is
well rounded; the test is compressed.

Smaller specimens tend to flair slightly; it
seems that only the later chambers are added in
parallel fashion. The test is usually transparent,
although extremely dense striations, particularly
near the base, may make the test opaque. The
striations are most prominent on the initial third
of the test. Only a few of the specimens were
totally lacking in striations; Buzas, Smith, and
Beem (1977) reported as many as a third to be
nonstriate.

Although this species is common throughout
the Indian River, it is most abundant in the
southern portion.

Figured hypotype: USNM 310194. (Total:
2462; range: 0-271.)

Optically: radial.

CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE MARINE SCIENCES

Bolivina subexcavata Cushman and Wickenden
PLATE 5: FIGURE 9

Bolwina subexcavata Cushman and Wickenden, 192929, pl. 4:
fig. 4.—Todd and Bronniman, 1957:34, pl. 8: fig. 29.—
Buzas, Smith, and Beem, 1977:76-78, pl. 2: figs. 11-22.

Bolwina plicatella Cushman.—Cushman and Parker, 1931:15,
16, pl. 3: fig. 19.—Cushman, 1937:89, pl. 11: figs. 3,4.

Boliwina plicatella var. mera Cushman and Ponton.—Todd
and Bronniman, 1957:33, pl. 8: fig. 30.

A good discussion of this variable species is
given by Buzas, Smith, and Beem (1977). Our
specimens generally have slowly tapering biserial
tests composed of about 10-12 chambers. The
surface of the chambers is rough, giving the spec-
imens a frosted appearance. The sutures are de-
pressed and only slightly, if at all, curved. Some
of the specimens have fine longitudinal striations,
particularly on the early portion of the test.

Most of the specimens thus referred were found
at Buoy 195 and the St. Lucie Inlet.

Figured hypotype: USNM 310195. (Total: 49;
range: 0-6.)

Optically: radial.

Bolivina sp. A

PLATE 5: FIGURE 10

The test is long and narrow. The chambers are
inflated, and the sutures are slightly depressed.
The pores are fine and concentrated on the lower
half of the chambers, making them almost
opaque. The earliest chambers are almost com-
pletely covered with pores.

The specimens are similar to the middle Oli-
gocene topotypes of Bolivina beyricht Reuss, but the
later are more compressed and flair more.

This species was found at only one station of |

the Buoy 195 transect.
Figured specimen: USNM 310196. (Total: 3; |
range: 0-3.) |
Optically: radial.

Bolivina sp. B

PLATE 5: FIGURE 11

Our specimens are translucent with moderately —
depressed sutures and inflated chambers. Most of |

"i
:

|
|
|

| NUMBER 16

the specimens are parallel sided. The chambers

_have few pores; those present are concentrated
_along the base of the chambers.

Of the 35 specimens found, 18 occurred at
Herman’s Bay and Jensen Beach, where they

_ were part of the group that composed 95% of the

total living population.

Figured specimen: USNM 310197. (Total: 35;

| range: 0-6.)

Optically: radial.

Genus Bulimina d’Orbigny, 1826

Bulimina acculeata d’Orbigny

PLATE 5: FIGURE 12

| Bulimina acculeata d’Orbigny, 1826:269.—Cushman and Par-

ker, 1938:92, pl. 6: figs. 9, 10.—Phleger, 1939:1403, pl. 3:
fig. 24.—Cushman, 1944:28, pl. 3: fig. 47.—Phleger and
Parker, 1951:15, pl. 7: fig. 23.

The topotypes in the Cushman collection
(Cushman and Parker, 1938) are larger and more
opaque than any of our specimens. However, our
specimens have the radiating spines that are com-
mon to this species and which serve to differen-
uate it from Bulimina marginata d’Orbigny, which
has serrated margins on its chambers.

Most of our specimens were found at Herman’s
Bay.

Figured hypotype: USNM 310209.(Total: 13;
range: 0-5.)

Optically: radial.

Genus Pavonina d’Orbigny, 1826
?Pavonina species

PLATE 5: FIGURE 13

A single small specimen is tentatively referred
to Pavona. It has the low arched chambers and
radial wall structure common to the genus but is
very finely perforate. Owing to its small size, it is
difficult to tell whether or not the specimen has
the initial triserial stage of the genus.

The specimen was found at St. Lucie Inlet.

Figured specimen: USNM 310233. (Total: 1;
range: 0-1.)

Optically: radial.

33

Genus Hopkinsina Howe and Wallace, 1932

Hopkinsina pacifica Cushman
PLATE 5: FIGURE 14

Hopkinsina pacifica Cushman, 1933b:86, pl. 8: fig. 16.—Todd
and Bronniman, 1957:35, 36, pl. 9: figs. 3, 4.

Hopkinsina pacifica var. atlantica Cushman, 1944:30, pl. 4: fig.
IW

Hopkinsina pacifica var. atlantica Cushman.—Parker,
1952b:451, pl. 4: figs. 14-16.

Although some authors have called the Atlan-
tic version of Hopkinsina pacifica a subspecies, we
prefer to follow the approach of Todd and Bron-
niman (1957): “...the difference between popu-
lations is not of subspecific rank.” The holotype
of H. pacifica and the holotype and paratypes of
H. pacifica var. atlantica all appear conspecific with
our specimens, although some of our specimens
are not so twisted as most of the primary types.

This species occurs only in the southern portion
of the Indian River.

Figured hypotype: USNM 310190. (Total: 70;
range: 0-17.)

Optically: radial.

Hopkinsina cf. pacifica Cushman

PLate 5: FIGURE 15

Two specimens are referred to this category.
Although they match Hopkinsina pacifica sensu
stricto in overall shape and surface texture, they
are extremely compressed laterally, perhaps to
the point of being strictly biserial.

Both specimens were found at Jensen Beach.

Figured specimen: USNM 310191. (Total: 2;
range: 0-1.)

Optically: radial.

Genus Trifarina Cushman, 1923

Trifarina occidentalis (Cushman)
PLATE 5: FIGURE 16

Uvigerina angulosa Cushman, 1922a:34, pl. 5: figs. 3-4.

Uvigerina occidentalis (Cushman).—Cushman, 1923:169, 170.

Angulogerina occidentalis (Cushman).—Todd and Bronniman,
1957:36, pl. 9: figs. 5, 6.

34 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE

Trifarina occidentalis (Cushman).—Buzas, Smith, and Beem,

1977:82, pl. 3: figs. 7-10.

Most of the specimens are rather battered and
broken. They are all short and triangular in
appearance. None have the long, almost uniserial
form identified by Todd and Bronniman (1957,
Pls Oats 9):

Figured hypotype: USNM 310210. (Total: 10;
range: 0-2.)

Optically: radial.

Genus Rosalina d’Orbigny, 1826

Rosalina bulbosa (Parker)

PLATE 5: FIGURES 17-19

“Discorbis” bulbosa Parker, 1954:523, pl. 8: figs. 10-12.
Rosalina bulbosa (Parker).—Buzas, Smith, and Beem, 1977:85.

Our specimens match Parker’s types well, as
well as matching the unfigured specimens of
Buzas, Smith, and Beem (1977) from Jamaica.
Three of our specimens were found attached, two
to miliolids, and one to an Elphidium mexicanum.

Scattered specimens were found throughout
the Indian River.

Figured hypotypes: USNM 310234, 310235.
Hypotype: USNM 310236. (Total: 14; range: 0-
Ike)

Optically: radial.

Rosalina concinna (Brady)
PLATE 6: FIGURES 1, 2

Discorbina concinna Brady, 1884:646, pl. 90: figs. 7, 8.
Discorbis concinnus (Brady).—Bandy, 1956:193, pl. 31: fig. 4.
Rosalina concinna’ (Brady).—Buzas, Smith,

1977:85, 86, pl. 4: figs. 4-6.

and Beem,

This species has a round outline and is fairly
compressed. The spiral side has flush sutures. The
umbilical side has slightly depressed sutures.
There are usually only four chambers visible on
the umbilical side, surrounding a small umbilical
pit. The final chamber usually covers one-third
to one-half of the umbilical side.

Parker’s specimens of Rosalina cf. concinna (Par-

MARINE SCIENCES

ker, 1954, pl. 8: figs. 17, 18) seem to fit into our
suite of specimens without any difficulty.

Scattered specimens were found throughout
the Indian River.

Figured hypotype: USNM 310237. (Total: 44;
range: 0-7.)

Optically: radial.

Rosalina floridana (Cushman)
PLATE 6: FIGURES 5, 6

Discorbis floridana Cushman, 1922a:39, 40, pl. 5: figs. 11, 12;
1931:21, pl. 4: figs. 7, 8.—Cushman and Parker, 1931:18,
19, pl. 4: fig. 5.—Phleger and Parker, 1951:20, pl. 10: fig.
4.

Discorbis floridanus (Cushman).—Bandy, 1954:136, pl. 31: fig.
Il

Rosalina floridana (Cushman).—Parker, 1954:524—525, pl. 8:
figs. 19, 20.—Todd and Bronniman, 1957:36, pl. 9: figs.
16-21.—Buzas, Smith and Beem, 1977:86, pl. 4: figs. 7-9.

The most distinctive characteristic of this ros-
alinid is the overlapping nature of the chambers
on the umbilical side. Frequently, the overlapping
portions of the chambers form flaps that extend
over a deep umbilical pit. The aperture is long,
from the umbilical area (generally in the pit) to
the periphery. The aperture is low and frequently
has a small lip. Our specimens are generally
neither as coarsely perforate nor as compressed as
those in the Cushman collection but fall well
within their range of variation.

This species was most abundant at Vero Beach
and Link Port.

Figured hypotype: USNM 310238. (Total:
159; range: 0-39.)

Optically: granular.

Rosalina aff. floridensis (Cushman)

PLATE 6: FIGURES 3, 4

Our few specimens are distinctive and perhaps

are a new species. The test is compressed. The ;

spiral side is coarsely perforate. The chambers fill
the umbilical side, making it flat. The sutures are

very hard to see on the umbilical side unless the | —

specimen is wet. The umbilical side is covered
with a coarse granular layer.

| NUMBER 16

All specimens were found at Vero Beach.

Figured specimen: USNM 310239. (Total: 3;
range: 0-2.)

Optically: granular.

Rosalina globularis d’Orbigny
PLATE 6: FIGURES 7, 8

_ Rosalina globularis d’Orbigny, 1826:271, pl. 13: figs. 1-4.
Discorbis columbiensis Cushman, 1925:43, pl. 6: fig. 13.
Tretomphalus bulloides (d’Orbigny).—Cushman, 1934:86, pl.

ilils sive, 2
Tretomphalus myerst Cushman, 1943:26, pl. 6: figs. 4-6.
Tretomphalus atlanticus Cushman.—Bock, 1971:53, pl. 19: figs.
1-3.

This much-confused species was well described
by Douglas and Sliter in 1965. Its considerable
variation has led to its taxonomic confusion over
the years.

Our specimens tend to have a slightly higher
spire than most of those in the Cushman collec-
tion but fit well into the range established by
Douglas and Sliter (1965). Only one of our spec-
imens had a float chamber.

This species is widely distributed in the Indian
River but is most abundant in the southern part.

Figured hypotype: USNM 310240; (Total:
175; range: 0-27.)

Optically: radial.

Rosalina subaraucana (Cushman)
PLATE 6: FIGURES 9-12

Discorbis subaraucana Cushman, 1922a:41, pl. 7: figs. 1, 2;
HOSTESS 2S plaiatic. 2.

Discorbis flondana Cushman.—Parker, Phleger, and Peirson,
1953:7, pl. 4: figs. 18, 19.

Rosalina subaraucana (Cushman).—Buzas, Smith, and Beem,

1977:86, 87, pl. 4: figs. 13-15.

Only one representative of this species is large;
it matches the specimen of Buzas, Smith, and
Beem (1977) very well. The small specimens are
more transparent and have very few pores, but
the overall shape is identical to that of the single
large specimen and those specimens in the Cush-
man collection.

35

This species was found mainly at Vero Beach
and St. Lucie Inlet.

Figured hypotypes: USNM 310242, 310243.
(Total: 32; range: 0-14.)

Optically: radial.

Rosalina juveniles

Some very small trochospiral specimens were
put in this category. When a specimen has only
three or four chambers, specific, or even generic,
placement is almost impossible.

Total: 16; range: 0-5.

Genus Stetsonia Parker, 1954

Stetsonia minuta Parker
PLATE 7: FIGURES 1, 2

Stetsonia minuta Parker, 1954:534, 535, pl. 10: figs. 27-29.

Only two specimens of this species were found.
Unfortunately one was lost, and the other was
heavily gold coated for SEM use.

Both specimens were found at St. Lucie Inlet.

Figured hypotype: USNM 310244. (Total: 2;
range: 0-1.)

Optically: radial.

Genus Glabratella Dorreen, 1948

Glabratella species

PLATE 7: FIGURES 3, 4

Three compressed specimens from Buoy 195
were referred to this category.

Figured specimen: USNM 310220. (Total: 3;
range: 0-3.)

Optically: radial.

Genus Glabratellina Seiglie and Bermudez,
1965

Glabratellina sagrai (Todd and Bronniman)
PLATE 7: FIGURES 5, 6

Rosalina sagrai Todd and Bronniman, 1957:37, pl. 9: fig. 22.
Glabratellina sagrai (Todd and Bronniman).—Buzas, Smith,
and Beem, 1977:91, pl. 5: figs. 25-27.

36 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE MARINE SCIENCES

Although our specimens generally do not have
as high a spire as those mentioned above, they do
have the pustules on the umbilical side that are
distinctive to this species. They generally have 7—
8 chambers visible in the final whorl.

Scattered specimens occur throughout the In-
dian River.

Figured hypotype: USNM 310221. (Total: 28;
range: 0-3.)

Optically: radial.

Genus Mychostomina Berthelin, 1881

Mychostomina revertens (Rhumbler)
PLATE 7: FIGURES 7, 8

Spirillina vivipara var. revertens Rhumbler, 1906:32, pl. 2: figs.
8-10.

Spirillina vivipara Ehrenberg var. densepunctata Cushman.—
Cushman and Parker, 1931:18, pl. 4: fig. 1.

?Conrcospirillina atlantica Cushman, 1947:91, pl. 20: fig. 8.

Mychostomina revertens (Rhumbler).—Smith and _ Isham,
1974:66, pl. 1: figs. 1-3, 7-9.—Buzas, Smith, and Beem,
1977:93, pl. 6: figs. 7-12.

Although our specimens do not match any of
Smith and Isham’s (1974) drawings extremely
well, they do match USNM 211312 exactly. This
unfigured specimen from Jamaica was selected
by Smith for Buzas, Smith, and Beem, 1977.
Apparently it represents an extreme form of this
species, a form that has many whorls on the spiral
side and has only very few very fine pores.

Most of the specimens occur at Vero Beach.

Figured hypotype: USNM 310223. (Total: 11;
range: 0-4.)

Optically: radial.

Genus Ammonia Brunnich, 1772

Ammonia beccarii (Linne)
PLATE 7: FIGURES 9, 10

Nautilus beccarit Linné, 1758:710.

Rotalia beccari (Linne).—Cushman, 1922a:52, pl. 8: figs. 7—
9; 1928:104, pl. 15: figs. 1-7; 1931:58, pl. 13: figs. 1, 2;
1944:35, pl. 4: fig. 22.—Post, 1951:176.—Parker,
1952b:457, 458, pl. 5: fig. 5.--Parker, Phleger, and Peir-
son, 1953:13, pl. 4: figs. 20-22, 25-30.

“Rotalia” beccar (Linné) variants.—Phleger, Parker, and
Peirson, 1953:42, pl. 9: figs. 14, 15.—Parker, 1954:531, pl.
lOsties se 25516;

Ammonia beccari (Linné).—Buzas, 1965b:62, pl. 4: fig. 1.

Rosalina parkinsona d’Orbigny, 1839a:99, pl. 4: figs. 25-27.

Rotalia beccarri (Linné) var. parkinsona (d’Orbigny).—Phleger
and Parker, 1951:23, pl. 12: fig. 6.—Bock, 1971:55, 56, pl.
20: figs. 5, 6.

Rotalia beccaru (Linné) var. tepida Cushman, 1926:79, pl. 1;
1931:61, pl. 13: fig. 3.—Phleger and Parker, 1951:23, pl.
12: fig. 7.—Post, 1951:176.—Parker, 1952b:457, 458, pl.
5: fig. 8.

Rotalia beccar (Linné) var. sobrina Shupack, 1934:6, 7, fig.
4.—Post, 1951:176.—Parker, 1952b:457, 458, pl. 5: fig: 8.

Although some researchers divide this species
into several varieties, we feel that all are found in
similar areas or even in the same replicate, and
thus we believe that subspecific nomenclature is
not warranted.

This is the most abundant species in the Indian
River, and it is found throughout the river. Only
one station, in the Jensen Beach transect, did not
have any members of this species.

Figured hypotype: USNM 310213. (Total:
7468; range: 0-499.)

Optically: radial.

Genus Elphidium Montfort, 1808

Elphidium advenum (Cushman)
PLATE 8: FIGURE |

Polystomella advena Cushman, 1922a:56, 57, pl. 9: figs. 11, 12.

Elphidium advenum (Cushman).—Parker, Phleger, and Peir-
son, 1953:7, pl. 3: fig. 11.—Parker, 1954:508, pl. 6: fig.
14.—Bandy, 1956:193, pl. 30: fig. 18—Todd and Bron-
niman, 1957:39, pl. 6: figs. 5-7.—Bock 1971:56, pl. 20:
figs. 7, 8.

Some of our specimens do not have a keel and,
at first, could be mistaken for an Elphidium exca-
vatum with a glassy umbilicus. However, the two
species differ in the shape of their peripheries
(that of E. advenum is acute, not rounded) and in
wall structure. Elphidium advenum is granular, not
radial. All our specimens have many sutural
bridges and fit well within the limits of this
species’ variation.

Only a few of the specimens referred to this
species occur north of Fort Pierce Inlet.

- NUMBER 16

Figured hypotype: USNM 310198. Hypotype:
USNM 310199. (Total: 37; range: 0-6.)
Optically: granular.

Elphidium excavatum (Terquem)
PLATE 8: FIGURE 2

Polystomella excavata Terquem, 1875:25, pl. 2: fig. 2.

Elphidium incertum var. clavatum Cushman, 1930:20, pl. 7: fig.
10.

Elphidium clavatum Cushman.—Loeblich and Tappan,
1953:98, 99, pl. 19: figs. 8-10.—Todd and Bronniman,
1957:39, pl. 6: fig. 10.—Buzas, 1965a:58, 59, pl. 2: figs. 6,
7, pl. 3: figs. 1, 2; 1966:591, pl. 71: figs. 1-8.

Only a few specimens have the “characteristic
brown color” of this species, and most of them
tend to be smaller than specimens from further
north. Our specimens do have the umbilical
bosses, sutural bridges, and deep coarse pores
characteristic of the species.

This species occurs in low abundance through-
out the Indian River but is most abundant at
John’s Island and St. Lucie Inlet.

Figured hypotype: USNM 310202. Hypotype:
USNM 310201. (Total: 493; range: 0-49.)

Optically: radial.

Elphidium galvestonense (Kornfeld)
PLATE 8: FIGURE 3

Elphidium gunterr Cole var. galvestonensis Kornfeld, 1931:87,
pl. 15: fig. 1.—Phleger and Parker, 1951:10, pl. 5: figs. 13,
14.—Bandy, 1954:136, pl. 30: fig. 2.

Elphidium galvestonense (Kornfeld).—Parker, Phleger, and
Peirson, 1953:7, 8, pl. 3: figs. 15, 16.

We have examined the specimen designated by
Kornfeld as Elphidium guntert var. galvestonensis
Kornfeld, microspheric form (691), later desig-
nated by Parker, Phleger, and Peirson (1953) as
a lectotype. It matches our specimens extremely
well. Our specimens are large and have an almost
porcelanous sheen.

This species occurs mainly in the northern part
of the Indian River.

Figured hypotype: USNM 310200. (Total: 26;
range: 0-4.)

Optically: radial.

Elphidium gunteri Cole
PLaTE 8: FIGURE 4

Elphidium gunterr Cole, 1931:34, pl. 4: figs. 9, 10.—Parker,
1954:508, pl. 6: fig. 16—Bandy, 1956:194, pl. 30: fig.
19.—Lankford, 1959:2098, pl. 2: fig. 7.

This species has deep coarse pores and is fre-
quently brown. The umbilical area is usually
filled with many glassy pustules.

This species occurs mostly in the narrow,
island-filled portion of the river at the John’s
Island and Vero Beach stations.

Figured hypotype: USNM 310203. Hypotype:
USNM 310204. (Total: 446; range: 0-53.)

Optically: radial.

Elphidium kugleri (Cushman and Bronniman)
PLATE 8: FIGURE 5

Cribroelphidium kuglerr Cushman and Bronniman, 1948a:18,
19, pl. 4: fig. 4.

Specimens flair rapidly and have regular septal
bridges, as do the primary types. Not all of our
specimens are so transparent as the types; instead,
some are a milky white, possibly due to etching.

Scattered specimens of this species occur
throughout the river.

Figured hypotype: USNM 310205. (Total:
110; range: 0-18.)

Optically: radial.

Elphidium mexicanum Kornfeld
Ficure 25; PLaTe 8: FIGURE 6

Elphidium incertum var. mexicanum Kornfeld, 1931:89, pl. 16:
fig. 1.

We had the opportunity to examine Kornfeld’s
types. Our material looks most like Kornfeld’s
specimen no. 694. Kornfeld’s specimen has 12
chambers in the final whorl, but ours usually
have from 9 to 11. In his description, he indicated
a variation from 10 to 12. The umbilical area on
our specimens is usually larger than on Kornfeld’s
specimen and is often depressed, whereas it is
flush on his specimen. Furthermore, our speci-
mens often contain one or more umbilical bosses,

38 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE MARINE SCIENCES

Figure 25.—Elphidium mexicanum, side view, USNM 310289,
hypotype, X 200.

but Kornfeld’s type does not. In his description,
however, Kornfeld did use the phrase “umbilical
region multiple or central,” indicating, perhaps,
that some of the individuals he examined also
had multiple bosses. Despite the differences noted
above, we believe our specimens are best referred
to E. mexicanum.

This species occurs throughout the Indian
River but is most abundant at the inlets.

Figured hypotypes: USNM 310288, 310289.
Hypotypes: USNM 310290, 310291, 310292,
3110293, 3102945 3110295, 3102967 3102975 etal:
613; range: 0-74.)

Optically: granular.

Elphidium cf. mexicanum Kornfeld
PLATE 8: FIGURE 7

The two specimens that were referred to this
category are more compressed and flair more
than Elphidium mexicanum sensu stricto. Their su-
tures are curved to a slightly greater degree, and
the sutural bridges are much more regular than
those of the majority of the E. mexicanum sensu
stricto specimens. ‘They may represent an extreme

form of E. mexicanum, but we do not see sufficient
gradiation between the two forms.

Both specimens were found in a single Buoy
195 replicate.

Figured specimen: USNM 310207. (Total: 2:
range: 0-2.)

Optically: granular.

Elphidium norvangi Buzas, Smith, and Beem
PLATE 8: FIGURE 8

Elphidium norvang: Buzas, Smith, and Beem, 1977:96, pl. 7:
figs. 1-4.

A few specimens of this distinctive small Elphi-
dium were found. All had the spike-shaped pa-
pillae on the apertural face, the unique feature of
the species.

Most of the specimens were found at Buoy 195.

Figured hypotype: USNM 310206. (Total: 13;
range: 0-2.)

Optically: radial.

Elphidium species
PLATE 8: FIGURE 9

The walls of these specimens are opaque and
milky white. The sutures are slightly depressed
and crossed by regularly spaced sutural bridges.
There are about 16 chambers in the final whorl;
they are inflated, making the periphery smoothly
rounded.

Two specimens of this granular species were
found south of the Fort Pierce Inlet.

Figured specimen: USNM 310208. (Total: 2;
range: 0-1.)

Optically: granular.

Genus Haynesina Banner and Culver, 1978

Haynesina germanica (Ehrenberg)
Pirate 8: FIGURE 10

Nononina germanica Ehrenberg, 1840:23; 1841, pl. 2: figs.
la—g.

Nonion germanicum (Ehrenberg).—Cushman, 1930:8, 9, pl. 3:
fig. 5.

Nonvon trsburyensis Butcher, 1948:21, 22, figs. 1-3.

NUMBER 16

Protelphidium tisburyense (Butcher).—Parker and Athearn,
1959:342, pl. 50: figs. 26, 32.

Nonion depressulum var.
1971:64, pl. 23: fig. 14.

Haynesina germanca (Ehrenberg).—Banner and Culver, 1978,
pl. 4: figs. 1-6, pl. 5: figs. 1-8, pl. 6: figs. 1-7, pl. 8: figs.
1-10, pl. 9, figs. 1-11, 15, 18.

Kornfeld.— Bock,

matagordanum

The specimens have granular material in the
umbilical area and curved, depressed sutures with
no sutural bridges. As a group our specimens do
not match those of Banner and Culver (1978)
exactly, but the two populations show consider-
able overlap. Our specimens tend to have slightly
straighter sutures and slightly less granular ma-
terial in the umbilical area than do those of
Banner and Culver (1978), but we do not consider
the difference to be of specific importance.

This widely distributed species was found in
low abundance, mostly in the northern half of the
Indian River.

Figured hypotype: USNM 310211. (Total: 53;
range: 0-11.)

Optically: radial.

Genus Eponides de Montfort, 1808

Eponides repandus (Fichtel and Moll)
PLATE 9: FIGURES 1, 2

Nautilus repandus Fichtel and Moll, 1798:35, pl. 3: figs. a—d.

Eponides repanda (Fichtel and Moll).—Cushman 1931:49-51,
pl. 10: fig. 7.

Epondes repandus (Fichtel and Moll).—Parker, 1954:529, pl.
9: figs. 27, 28.—Bock, 1971:58, pl. 21: figs. 6, 7.

A few specimens of this well-known open-water
species were found near the St. Lucie Inlet.

Figured hypotype: USNM 310219. (Total: 6;
range: 0-2.)

Genus Cibicides de Montfort, 1808
Cibicides aff. floridana (Cushman)

PLATE 9: FIGURES 3, 4

Our four specimens differ from Cibicides flor-
dana sensu stricto in having very indistinct sutures
and in having a flatter umbilical side.

39

Three specimens were found at St. Lucie Inlet;
the fourth was found at Jensen Beach.

Figured specimen: USNM 310215. (Total: 4;
range: 0-3.)

Optically: granular.

Cibicides species
PLATE 9: FIGURES 5, 6

Our two specimens are small with a flattened,
but still convex, spiral side. The sutures on the
umbilical side are radial and extend to the center
of the specimen. The spiral side is coarsely per-
forate with a depressed spiral sutural line.

Both specimens are from Buoy 195.

Figured specimen: USNM 310216. (Total: 2;
range: 0-2.)

Optically: radial.

Genus Planorbulina d’Orbigny, 1826

Planorbulina mediterranensis d’Orbigny
PLATE 9: FIGURE 7

Planorbulina mediterranensis dOrbigny, 1826:280, pl. 14: figs.
4-6 [6 bis.].—Cushman, 1922a:45, 46, pl. 6: figs. 1, 2:
1931:129, 130, pl. 24: figs. 5-8.—Bandy, 1954:137, pl. 31:
fig. 3.—Parker, 1954:545, pl. 13: fig. 9.

A single broken representative of this species
was found at St. Lucie Inlet.

Figured hypotype: USNM 310189. (Total: 1;
range: 0-1.)

Optically: radial.

Genus Cymbaloporetta Cushman, 1928

Cymbaloporetta atlantica (Cushman)

PLATE 9: FIGURES 8, 9
Tretomphalus atlanticus Cushman, 1934:86, 87, pl. 11: fig. 3,
pl. 12: fig. 7.—Phleger and Parker, 1951:26, pl. 14: fig. 3.
Cymbaloporetta atlantica (Cushman).—Buzas, Smith, and
Beem, 1977:101, pl. 7: figs. 22-24.

Two specimens were referred to this species.
They are large and have the cymbaloporetoid
chambers on the final whorl. Neither has a float
chamber as do many of Cushman’s specimens.

40 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE MARINE SCIENCES

Our specimens are slightly more inflated than
most of those in the Cushman collection.

One specimen was found at Buoy 195, the
other at Herman’s Bay.

Figured hypotype: USNM 310217. (Total: 2;
range: 0-1.)

Optically: radial.

Cymbaloporetta species

PLATE 9: FIGURES 10, 11

A single broken specimen from Herman’s Bay
is thus referred.

Figured specimen: USNM 310218. (Range:
0-1; total: 1.)

Optically: granular.

Genus Fursenkoina Loeblich and Tappan, 1961

Fursenkoina fusiformis (Williamson)
PLaTe 10: FIGURE |

Bulimina pupoides(?) var. fusiformis Williamson, 1858:63, figs.
129, 130.

Virgulina fusiformis (Williamson).—Parker, 1952a:417, pl. 19:
figs. 5, 6; 1952b:461, pl. 4: fig. 10.

The last three chambers of our specimens make
up just less than half the length of the test;
Williamson’s drawing shows them making up a
little more. Our specimens are not so inflated as
in the drawing by Williamson but do have the
finely perforate walls and triserial to twisted bi-
serial chamber arrangement he describes for the
species.

Almost all the specimens occur at Herman’s
Bay.

Figured hypotype: USNM 310185. (Total: 11;
range: 0-5.)

Optically: radial.

Fursenkoina mexicana (Cushman)
PLATE 10: FIGURE 2
Virgulina mexicana Cushman, 1922b:120, pl. 23: fig. 8.—Phle-

ger and Parker, 1951:19, pl. 9: figs. 6-8.—Parker 1954:512,
pl. 7: figs. 7, 8.

Fursenkoina mexicana (Cushman).—Bock, 1971:62, pl. 23: fig.
8.

The test of this species is rather compressed
and tends toward being biserial. The test gener-
ally displays only two or three chambers on one
side while displaying all of them, 8-10, on the
other. Our specimens are slightly more com-
pressed than the primary types and have slightly
more depressed sutures.

This species is most common in the central
portion of the Indian River, north and south of
Fort Pierce Inlet, but not at the inlet itself.

Figured hypotype: USNM 310186. (Total: 18;
range: 0-7.)

Optically: granular.

Fursenkoina pontoni (Cushman)
Pate 10: FIGURE 3

Virgulina pontont Cushman, 1932:19, pl. 2: figs. 26-28.—Phle-
ger and Parker, 1951:19, pl. 9: figs. 9, 10.—Parker, Phle-
ger, and Peirson, 1953:15, pl. 4: figs. 14, 15.—Parker,
1954:513, pl. 7: fig. 9.—Lankford, 1959:2099, pl. 2: fig.
17.

Fursenkoina pontont (Cushman).—Buzas, Smith, and Beem,
1977:102, pl. 8: figs. 7, 8.

This species is compressed laterally and has
slightly depressed sutures. It is twisted slightly
about its central axis.

The specimens were found near St. Lucie Inlet
and at Buoy 195.

Figured hypotype: USNM 310187. (Total: 4;
range: 0-2.)

Optically: granular.

Genus Sigmavirgulina Loeblich and Tappan,
1957

Sigmavirgulina tortuosa (Brady)
PraTE 10: FIGURE 4

Bolwina tortuosa Brady.—Cushman and Parker, 1931:16, pl.
3: fig. 22.—Cushman, 1937:133, 134, pl. 17: figs. 11-19;
1941:10.—Todd and Bronniman, 1957:34, pl. 8: fig. 24.

Sigmavirgulina tortuosa (Brady).—Buzas, Smith, and Beem,
1977:103, 104, pl. 8: figs. 9-12.

NUMBER 16

Our single specimen has the twisted test and
coarse pores present in the specimens in the Cush-
man collection.

It was found in the St. Lucie transect.

Figured hypotype: USNM 310188. (Total: 1;
range: Q-1.)

Optically: radial.

Genus Cassidulina d’Orbigny, 1826

Cassidulina barbara Buzas
Piate 10: FIGURE 5

Cassidulina barbara Buzas, 1965a:25, 26, pl. 5: figs. 2, 3.
Cassidulina cf. Smith, and Beem,
1977:106.

subglobosa.—Buzas,

Two specimens of this species were found, one
at St. Lucie Inlet and the other at Buoy 195.

Figured hypotype: USNM 310212. (Total: 2;
range: 0-1.)

Optically: granular.

Genus Nonion de Montfort, 1808

Nonion boueanum (d’Orbigny)

PLaTe 10: FIGURES 6, 7

Nomonina boueana d’Orbigny, 1846:108, pl. 5: figs. 11, 12.

Nonion boueanum (d’Orbigny).—Cushman, 1939:12, 13, pl. 3:
figs. 7, 8—Todd and Bronniman, 1957:32, pl. 5: figs. 25,
26.

This rather large Nonion has about 14 chambers
in the final whorl and has the curved depressed
sutures shown in d’Orbigny’s drawing and in
topotypes in the Cushman collection.

The three specimens were found at Herman’s
Bay.

Figured hypotype: USNM 310224. (Total: 3;
range: 0-2.)

Optically: granular.

Nonion species

Pate 10: Ficures 8, 9

The specimens in this category are similar to
Nonion boueanum in that both species have a round

41

outline, are slightly compressed with an angular,
but not sharp, periphery, and have curved su-
tures. Nonion sp. A differs from N. boueanum, how-
ever, in having flush, not depressed, sutures and
in lacking the final greatly inflated chamber com-
mon to N. boueanaum. The SEM’s show some
primitive sutural bridges, leading us to suspect
the Nonion designation.

A few specimens from the stations just north
and south of the Fort Pierce Inlet are referred to
this category.

Figured specimen: USNM 310225. Mentioned
specimen: USNM 310226. (Total: 7; range: 0-3.)

Optically: granular.

Genus Nonionella Cushman, 1926

Nonionella atlantica Cushman
Piate 10: Ficures 10-12

Nonoonella atlantica Cushman, 1947:90, 91, pl. 20: figs. 4, 5.—
Todd and Bronniman, 1957:32, pl. 5: figs. 30, 31.

This species has very inflated chambers and a
moderate amount of granular material in the
umbilical region.

A few specimens of this species were found
scattered throughout the Indian River.

Figured hypotype: USNM 310227. (Total: 8;
range: 0-3.)

Optically: granular.

Nonionella auricula Heron-Allen and Earland
PLATE 11: FIGURES 1-3

Nonzonella auricula Heron-Allen and Earland, 1930:192, pl. 5:
figs. 68-70.—Todd and Bronniman, 1957:32, pl. 5: fig.
32.—Buzas, Smith, and Beem, 1977:107.

This species shows a considerable amount of
variation. Taxonomic placement of this species is
complicated by the poor figure of Heron-Allen
and Earland and the misidentification of many
of the specimens in the Cushman collection.
Many of the specimens in the Cushman collection
are either Nonzonella atlantica or Nonion grateloupi.

The larger specimens of this species seem al-

42

most planispiral. The periphery may be fairly
acute but is rounded on most specimens. The
chambers are compressed, and the sutures are
only slightly depressed. The proloculus is gener-
ally visible on the “spiral” side as a large knob,
the “umbilical” side usually has little or no gran-
ular material in it. In smaller specimens the large
prolocular chamber makes the specimen very tro-
choid; only the larger later chambers tend toward
being planispiral.

This species occurs throughout the Indian
River but is most abundant in the southern part.

Figured hypotype: USNM 310228. Hypotype:
USNM 210229. (Total: 458; range: 0-59.)

Optically: granular.

Nonionella cf. auricula Heron-Allen and
Earland

PLate 11: FIGURES 4-6

Three specimens were thus referred. They flair
more rapidly than Nonvonella auricula sensu stricto.
The final chambers tend to be very high and
long, with very straight sutures. This group seems
to be more compressed and less trochospiral than
specimens of similar size that were placed in N.
auricula.

The specimens were found at Buoy 195 and
Herman’s Bay.

Figured specimen: USNM 310230. Mentioned
specimen: USNM 310231. (Total: 3; range: 0-2.)

Optically: granular.

Nonionella opima Cushman
Piate 11: riGures 7-9

Nonionella opima Cushman, 1947:90, pl. 20: figs. 1-3.—Todd
and Bronniman, 1957:32, pl. 6: figs. 1, 2.—Parker, Phle-

SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE MARINE SCIENCES

ger, and Peirson, 1953:11, pl. 3: figs. 32, 33.—Parker,
1954:507, pl. 6: fig. 10-12.—Lankford, 1959:2098, pl. 2:
figs. 10-11.

Our specimens have the circular outline and
inflated final chamber of this distinctive species.
Very few of our specimens have the curved su-
tures of Cushman’s types.

This species appears in low numbers through-
out the Indian River.

Figured hypotype: USNM 310232. (Total: 11;
range: 0-3.)

Optically: granular.

Genus Hanzawaia Asano, 1944

Hanzawaia concentrica (Cushman)
Pate 11: FicureEs 10, 11

Truncatulina concentrica Cushman, 1918:64, pl. 21: fig. 3.

Cibicides concentrica (Cushman).—Cushman, 1931:120, 121,
pl: 2: figs: 45 5) pli 22-uhiesaelae2

Cibicides concentricus (Cushman).—Phleger and _ Parker,
1951:29, pl. 15: figs. 14, 15.—Parker, 1952b:445, 446, pl.
5: fig. 10.

The holotype of this species is missing; how-
ever, the four paratypes designated by Cushman
were examined. Our specimens do not have su-
tures that are as depressed as those of the para-
types but otherwise match extremely well.

All but one of our specimens were collected at
St. Lucie Inlet.

Figured hypotype: USNM 310222. (Total: 6;
range: 0-2.)

Optically: radial.

Appendix

Number of Living Individuals Observed in 20 ml Replicate Samples

(Localities are shown in Figure 1)

43

HAULOVER BANANA SEBASTIAN JGEM'S ISLAND
SPECIES 1 2 3 4 1 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 itd 2 z' 3 39 aS aie 5

PEALE LO GROMLAVaetercloleveteiotereterciorere 0 2
8

AMAONTA) BECCART Ice ca eccn ce ; WO 2) Op AP 30 68 39 35 100 48 90 102 191 137 156) 25>) 25) aBSmai 4
AMMOMACULIIES eXI1GUUS.secece 5

AMMOBACULITES EXILIS.sececee 5 4 2 5 7 0)

AMMOBACULITES CF. A. EXILIS.

ARTICULINA CF, A, PACIFICA.. :

BILUCULINELLA GLOSULA..cceccceerecs

HOLIVINA CE. Be (COMPAGTAs. cnoecces

BOLIVINA PAULAIss coc osecle ccs ate 2

BULIVINA STRIATULA..ycccece ae A 9. 2 Ayn GOS 89) Mies WA AO) Bw @ 6
BOLIVINA SUBEXCAVATA. .ecece Bc or man 1

BOUVIL WA SPiy Alera slelelelevete ee ee

BORIVINA ISPHeBee eee enone ae 2

BULIMINA ACCULEATA,. cece eee
BULIMLNELLA ELEGANTISSIMAs.cecocece 3 1 1 7 1 5 = a BD 2 A zu 7
CASSIUULUNA BARB AR Ap ercterstetetorersletersie

CLBICIDES AFF. C. FLORIDANA..
GUBNCID SiS Prejcteteveicisisieseleiciererersie
CYCLUGYRA PLANURBIS. .ececcces
CYMBALUPURETTA ATLANTICA.ccce
CYMBALOPOKEITA SP. A...
EDENIUSTOMINA CULTRATA.cecece
EDENTUSTOMINA CF. E. CULTRATAscees
ELPHLDIUM ADVENUM. .cccccccee

ELFRHIDIUM EXCAVATUM, ..cccece ee 5 4 6 4 13 1 16 7 1325) 320) he eV AN) 7)5 5 4 12 4 12
ELPHIDILUM GALVESTONENSE weee oe 1 3 4 4 1 3

ELPHIDIUM GUNTERI .. ec eww eee ee 1 12 1 1 2 4 Sy eb AA 2 1
ELPHIDIUM KUGLERI. ,avccnccccccccce 2 1 3 2 2 1 2 1

ELPHIDIUM MEXICANUM, ..ccccccccecces 11 9 6 5 1 4 oly eke DI LY 4 z 4 2 4 3
ELPHIDIUM CF. Es MEXICANUMe cccccce

EBPHIDTUM INORVANGIVs crc eieleloicielete tele aie

ELPHIOIUM SP. A... °

EPUNIVES REPANDUS, e

FISSURINA LUCIDA,, e 1 1 1
FISSURINA SP. Aacecccece e

FURSEWKOINA FUSIFORMIS.. .

FUKSENKOINA MEXICANA. .e.e fe

FUKSENKOINA PONTONI,.... 0

GAUDRYINA EXILIS.. cee . 1 2 1 1

GLABKATELLA SPecsececece
GUAGRATELOLNA SAGRATS ae sci cncnrecies m2
HANZAWAIA CONCENTRICA.ccccccccccce

HAYNESINA GERMANICA.. eee
HOPKINSINA PACIFICA. .eccccccce
HOPKINSINA CF. H. PACIFICAseee
LSHAMELLA APERTURA, sc ycccccece
LAGENA CF. Le. DOVEYENSIS.eseee
MASSILINA SP. Ascccccccccceces
MILIULINELLA SUBRUTUNDAcccecee
MILIULINELLA Ch. M, SUBROTUND
2? MILIULINELLA SP. A..ccaccccs
MYCHOSTCMINA REVERTENS..
NUNIUN BDOUUEANUMeccccccce
NONCONISS Drovereletelsieloteleleta sleiciefsteieie visieisie

NONIONELLA ATLANTICA,.ccsccceececs 3
NONIUNELLA AURLCULA. .cceeecce
NUNIOUNELLA CF. N, AURICULA...
NONIUNELLA OPIMA.,. . ee ec ccc vee
PAETEURIS DLILITATA,.....~
2: PAWVIOINTINAN 1S |Pievevere/ejeravnierele
PENERUPLIS PERIUSUS..cecececs
PLANURBULINA MEDITERRANENSISecceee

QUINQUELOCULINA AGGLUTINANS. eeccee 1

QUINQUELOCULINA CF. G@,. AKNERIANA..

QUIWQUeELUCULINA CF, Q. BIDENTATA..

GUINGUELOCULINA CARINATA*STRIATA.. 1
GULWQUELOCULINA GUEST cccccvccccce 2

QUINGUELUCULINA GUALTIERIANA..
QUINGUELUCULINA IMPRESSAceeeee
QUIWUUELOCULINA POEYANA sc cceee
QUINQUELOCULINA SEMINULAscceee
QUINGUELGCULINA CF, 9, STRIATA
WUINGUELUCULINA TENAGUSeeecces
QUINQUELUCULINA SP. Avccccccce
REUPHAX NAWA cece c ce cicececces
ROSALINA EULBOSA.. ccc ccccceces
ROSALIWA CONCINWA.,
KOSALINA FLURIVANA,. ..eccccece
ROSALANA AFF. A. FLORIDENSIS..
RUSALINA GUUBULARIS. ,.ccccccce
KOSALINA SUBARALCANA,..e.
ROSALLWA JUVENILES. ...00e
SCULULURIS SP. Ae ccccescccese
SLGMAVIRGULINA TURTLOSA.cceeee
SUFKITES MARGINALIS...ece
SPIRULOCULINA DEPRESSA..
SHETSUNTA MTINUTDA s cpepelererere
TRIFARIWA OCCIDENTALIS. cccccce
IRILOCULIWA CK. T. TRIGONULA,..
TRUCHAAINA CF. T. ADVENA.. eee
LRUCHAMLNA UCHRACEA. cca c cece
TROCHAMINA SP Acccccacsccececcce
? TUBIINELLA SPs Ac ccc a cee
SELSVERELLA AURICULATAs..

=
N
w

I
&
i
°

wo

Z2Pe 22h 2 Che l9 9 214 ° 7 BF A) 1 4 15

>
oo
nN
@
w
u
~
ne
nN
ur
N
a
~
e
or
—
wc
w
ov
nN
-

w
w

nN
Pen

TULAL cece reneseravcccevecececccece Lire SLs 34 137) Sy Se. os) 87 1609 166 176 138 300 411 312. 65 70 119 32 202

VERO- BEACH LINKPORT JIM'S FLAT BUOY 195

1 a 92 20 3) 3! 4 4" 5 5! 1 0-2) Bo 2) 80 1 2 3 4 1 O°. 9) 7" §) yo (05, 5} 5!
i 1 1 1
Bp Moeeisse23369 155) 731) 11/0) 169) 120) 7 108 113 59 101 24 10 58 45.157 52 141 377 96 220 46 143 193 131 323 194
1 4
} 1 1 2 2 1 419) 1 2 5 23
H 1 4 4 4
|
1
1 3 1
{ZAG Sa 6 | 4G 4 3 6 14 «14 F.2D AG 3 16 4 14 4 33 38 #18 38 (J HUG MVNO wr eu
2 1 4 6 1 1 3 2
3
| 1 1 z 3 6
| 1
1 1 2 5 2 4 3 2 1 5 8 2 12 1 1 17 3 25 7 LO AS Sz} WG 4 60 G2 62 6 4
} 2

1 1
1
1 yO 4 1
Quel A 8 AB > 3 Ano i GG 3 10 2 35 1 GAG sh 5th) 26 1 4 8
2 1 3
54ers) 3) 87 «(1 53) 6 500 «48 200147) to FUNG ioe Beets mey2 1 1 1 3 6
2 1 i20es 3 GB 6 1 11 18
Vy sa 8 2 20 24 2 4 1 9 LAO ss 1 2 1 1 1 2 2 1 4
2
1 1 7 = Sh 1 1
1
|
15 1 1 22 5 2
|
1 2
1 1 303
| 2
1 eet 1 1 1 5 8 11 A FD 19 26
3
3 1 3 of 2 1 1 1
5 2 4 lB 2 1 1 1
1 1 3 2
67 6 5
| 1
1 1g 1 1
| 1 1 2
| 5 4
1 yl 3 6 A G 2 GK Thee kt) ihe EUG SIGS) BIE) 6
z
1
7 Hl 2 1 1
| 3 1
| 2
1 1 1 2
5 15 35 35 18 1 MG A ag 2 24 32 1 4 26 42 38 A 3) 1 3
1 1 1 3 1 1
‘i 7 20 20° A SG 3} 2) 417) Siem Bel Deh) 15h 2 52 21 81 23 AM 1 7 33) ] 3
| 1
| 1 1
2 2 1 5 1
1 1 1 1 1 1
1 1 Cr) 7 3 1
21 39 7 MO Ay 3 1 ee)
tees?
Dee 889 1 1 i= 2 i ) 2 1 1G 5 4
1 4 14 1
} 1 2 5 2 1 1
1
1
2 4 1 1
1 1 3 1
3
1 3

}
30 157 200 463 131 42 225 96 272 224 174 165 81 192 74 24 179 200 462 177 223))533'3) 15/3) 93/23) 16/3) 37/4) 411 3/50) 406) 325

SPECIES

PALO GROMMAVelelereleretetereieletevetetclersielersters
AMMONIA BECCARIIT, cccccccccccccecce
AMMCBACULITES EXIGUUS..cccceccecce
AMMOBACULITES EXILIS..ececccceccce
AMMOBACULITES CF. A, EXILIS. ccoces
ARTICULINA CF. A, PACIFICAccceccce
BILOCULINELLA GLOBULA..cccccecceee
BOLIVINA CF. Be COMPACTA.ccccccece
BOL TVA) (PIAA elorertelereteieleleloieieterclelee
BOLIVINASTRITATULAS Re eee eee neere
BOLIVINA SUBEXCAVATA. cecccccccccce
SOWIE SRo Noocoqoqo0cdd0n00G000
BOmLVNN SPo Boocoogoccovcn0o00000
BULIMINA ACCULEATA.. ccccceceececs
BULIMINELLA ELEGANTISSIMAscecccece
CASSIDULINA BARBARA. .ccccccccceccs
CIBICIDES AFF. C. FLORIDANA. cece
CABHCHDES SPodocdoongudoo0gun000KC
CYCLOGYRA PLANORBIS,..ccccccccccce
CYMBALOPORETTA ATLANTICAseccecccce
CYMBALUPORETTA SP. Ayyosccccecccce
EDENTUSTOMINA CULTRATAsccccccocece
EDENTOSTOMINA CF, E. CULTRATAsceee
ELPHIDIUM ADVENUM..ccccecceccccece
ELPHIDIUM EXCAVATUM. .ecccccccccccs
ELPHIDIIUM GALVESTONENSE.cccecccce
ELPHUD TOM IGUNTERT sa emmcietinleenioeis
ELPHIDIUM KUGLERI e.ceccccccce
ELPHIDIUM MEXICANUM, .ecccccccccece
ELPHIDIUM CF. Es MEXICANUMecoeccee
ELPHIDIUM NORVANGI..ceccccccccccce
ELPHIDIUM SP. Acccccvvcccvccscsces
EPONIDES REPANDUS...y.ccccccccccce
PISSURINA LUCIDA... cc cccccccev cere
FISSURINA SP. Aceccevcccvccceccces
FURSENKOINA FUSIFORMIS.ccceccccece
FURSENKOINA MEXICANA. coccccccccecs
FURSENKOINA PONTONI..ececccccccece
GAUDRIIKNAN EXILE Sisyeyarays cretoelelorarereteiorele
GUABRATELL ANS Pieeeieeminiceeteioetioeiete
GLABRATELLINA SAGRAI..e~
HANZAWAIA CONCENTRICA...
HAYNESINA GERMANICA..cccccccccccce
HUPKINSINA PACIFICA. .acecccccccecss
HOPKINSINA CF. H, PACIFICA. ccccece
TSHAMELLA) APERTURAL Ao enoieinioninienine
LAGENA CF. L. DOVEYENSIS..cceccces
MASSILINA SP. Nesccccccccccccccece
MILIOLINELLA SUBROTUNDAscceccccecs
MILIOLINELLA CF. M, SUBROTUNDA..<e
2? MILIOLINELLA SP. Acccceccccecece
MYCHOSTOMINA REVERTENS.ccceecccece
NONION BOUEANUMecccceccccccccccece
NONIKONDSPieverelolerelelsleierelercielorelercteletetereiele
NONIONELLA ATLANTICA. sececcccecees
NONIONELLA AURICULA..ccocccccevccs
NONIONELLA CF. Ne. AURICULAsccecces
NONIUNELLA OPIMAsccccccccccsccccce
PAETEORIS DILITATA...ccccccccceees
PE IDAWONILINAWS Plarcvelelereieteteleicieieieletelcieretele
PENERUPLIS PERTUSUS...cccccceccces
PLANORBULINA MEDITERRANENSIS.cecce
QUINQUELOCULINA AGGLUTINANS.ccccce
QUINQUELOCULINA CF, Q, AKNERIANA..
QUINGUELOCULINA CF, Q, BIDENTATA..
QUINQUELOCULINA CARINATA=STRIATA..
QUINQUELOCULINA GOESI.cccccceccece
QUINQUELOCULINA GUALTIERIANA. coece
QUINQUELOCULINA IMPRESSAceccececce
QUINQUELOCULINA POEYANAsseccecoece
GUINGUELOCULINA SEMINULAs.cecccecs
QUINQUELOCULINA CF, Q. STRIATA.sece
WUINGUELOCULINA TENAGOS..ccecccces
QUINQUELOCULINA SP, Avcecccccccece
REOPHAX, (NAN Ale clejelcioierslereicielelcloccicieieleete
ROSALINA BULBOSA,.,..
ROSALINA CONCINNA.scccccccccccccce
ROSALINA FLORIDANAccecccecccvccece
ROSAULINA AFF. As FLORIDENSIS.ccoee
ROSALINA GLOBULARIS...ececcccccece
ROSALINA SUBARAUCANA ss cccccccccecs
ROSALINA JUVENILES. ...cccceccccecs
SCUTULORIS SP. Avccecoce
SIGMAVIRGULINA TORTUOSA.
SORITES MARGINALIS,. .cocceccccccces
SPIROLOCULINA DEPRESSAcecccccccecs
STETSONIA MINUTA,...cccccccccccece
TRIFARINA OCCIDENTALIS. cecccecccce
TRILOCULINA CF. T. TRIGONULAcecee.
TROCHAMINA CF. T, ADVENAsccccceces
TROCHAMINA OCHRACER. .ecceccccecccs
TROGHAMINIAY (SBI lAysjepeletareyelerelerevererelelereicle
0 BUBUNBMHN B29 \Nogaggccgcccq00s00
WEISWERELLA AURICULATA.sccccccccce

TOTAL. ceoccvcvecvesecvecccccecccece

mW,

—

333

HERMAN'S BAY
AU 2 AU 3) Se

3 2
OD 30 26 206 Ua oo

11 4 20
2
1 1 1
2 #97 150 45 29 271
1 2 2

1 2
1
1
2 1
7
3
1 1

10 31 4 4 59

1
1
2
3 2
5 2 1
4 1
1 #14 22 3 21
1 1
1
2
2 2 2

68

17

127

39

29

136

-

10

22

76 176 284 209 176 564 301 309

71

19

30

Onee

16 267

JENSEN BEACH

2 au
2
8 31
1
1
2 35
4
2 8
3
1
1
1 1
2
1
1 3
13
1
2
2 2
1
2
15 2
9 7
2
2
46 122

3

18

3' 4 4!
Ol 8) So
1 3
1
1
3. 49 49
1
1
mh at he)
1
2
6
6
1
7 3
1
1
Oma,
1
he 0) AE)
3 1
4
1
3 1
1 1 1
4 5 9
2
1
6
2
1
45 170 192

20

5!

34

43

ST. LUCIE TRANSECT ST. LUCIE INLET
SPECIES 1 NY: G0. s) cyt Gu eB Sil 1 2 3 4

P ALLOGROMIA vc ccccccrececcceccvces

AMMONIA BECCARI IT, cee cccceccecces 395 499 18 10 141 11 246 139 7 4 24 143 78 54
AMMCBACULITES EXIGUUS, ccccccccecce 1

AMMOBACULITES EXILIS, .ecccccccccce 2 1
AMMOBACULITES CF. A, EXILIS.ccecee

ARTICULINA CF. A, PACIFICA. cceccce

BILOCULINELLA GLOBULA.cccccccccece

BOLIVINA CF. Be COMPACTAceccccccce

BOLIVINA PAULAsccccccccccecccsecece 1 1 1 11 bs) 1 3
BOLIVINA STRIATULA,..cccccccceccce 50 63 4 2 92 107 1 120 1 a 2's!
BOLIVINA SUBEXCAVATA, cecccccccvece 1 1 1 3 3 5 2
BOLIVINA SPe Ascescccccecccecscces

BOLIVINA SP. Becsevecccceccecccoce 1

BULIMINA ACCULEATA..ccccccccccccce 2 1

BULIMINELLA ELEGANTISSIMA.coccccce 37 46 108 54 3 51 109 118
CASSIDULINA BARBARA. .sccaccccvccce 1

CIBICIDES AFF. C. FLORIDANA.ceccee 3
CLIBICIDES SPrceceeecccccccsecesecee

CYCLOGYRA PLANORBIS, .eenccccccccce 1 1 4 8 6 16
CYMBALOPORETTA ATLANTICA.cccccvcce

CYMBALOPORKETTA SP. Agcoancccccccece

EDENTUSTOMINA CULTRATAscccccccccce 1

EDENTOSTOMINA CF. E. CULTRATAcceee

ELPHIDIUM ADVENUMeccacccccceccccce 6 2 2 2
ELPHIDIUM EXCAVATUM,.ccccevcccccce 2 1 1 5 1 1 49 20 1
ELPHIDIIUM GALVESTONENSE .cccccccce

ELPHIDIUM GUNTERT eeecccccvccccvccce 1 1
EUPHIDIUM KUGLERI ecccccecccccvccce 1 2 3 2 10
ELPHIDIUM MEXICANUMe ccccccccsvccce 74 $3 9 15) 11 2 12, #10 25 16
ELPHIDIUM CF, Exo MEXICANUM.cocccce

ELPHIDIUM NORVANGI.ccecsccee ece 1 2

ELPHIDIUM SP, Aescsccvececee eve
EPONIDES REPANDUS..ccscececcccccce 1 2 2 1
FISSURINA LUCIDA.. eecccccccccce 4

TISSURINA SP. Aseevecsccccccccccccs

e

PURSENKOINA FUSIFORMIS. cccccccccce 1

FURSENKOINA MEXICANA, cecccccccccee

FURSENKOINA PONTONI ..eccccccccccce 1 1
GAUDRYINA EXILIScccccccccsccccccce 10 3 1 Le oii, 7 1 1

GLABRATELLA SPecceoccccvccccccccoce

GLABRATELLINA SAGRAL.ccccccccscccs 1 2 1 1

HANZAWAIA CONCENTRICA,ccccccccccce 1 1 1 2
HAYNESINA GERMANICA,..cccccevcccce 3 1 1 1
HOPKINSINA PACIFICA, .eccccccccccos 1

HOPKINSINA CF. H, PACIFICAcccccoce

ISHAMELLA APERTURA.cccccccccccccce i

LAGENA CF. Le. DOVEYENSISecccovcccce 1

MASSILINA SPeo Asccccccccvccceccecs

MILIOLINELLA SUBROTUNDA.cccccccccce

MILIOLINELLA CF. M, SUBROTUNDAscee

2? MILIOLINELLA SP. Avccccccascccce 1

MYCHOSTOMINA REVERTENSccccccccccce 1

NONION BOUEANUMecccccccccccccccccce

NON TON SPieicicieje cic vlc ccicleicicicicie
NONIONELLA ATLANTICA. .ccccce
NONIONELLA AURICULA..cccccccccvcce 37 46 8 23 3 4 7 3
NONIONELLA CF. Ne AURICULAccceecee

NONIONELLA OPIMA. .cocccccccccccccs

PAETEORIS DILITATA, .secccececsvccce 3
2 PAVONINA SPocecccccccccccvccccce

PENEROPLIS PERTUSUS..ccccsrcccccce 2 3 1 1
PLANORBULINA MEDITERRANENSISccccecs 1
QUINQUELOCULINA AGGLUTINANS.ccoccee 1 1
QUINQUELOCULINA CF, Q. AKNERIANAc. 1 4 4

QUINGUELOCULINA CF, Q, BIDENTATA..

QUINQUELOCULINA CARINATASSTRIATA.. 1
QUINQUELOCULINA GOEST.cocccccocces

QUINQUELOCULINA GUALTIERIANAccoece

QUINGQUELOCULINA IMPRESSAccoccevcce 28 #11 1 1 4 2
QUINQUELOCULINA POEYANAccocccccvcce 1 5 2
GUINGUELOCULINA SEMINULAccccccccce 90 192 2 6 1 70 20 4 2
QUINQUELOCULINA CF, Q. STRIATAceee

QUINGUELOCULINA TENAGOS.ceocccccece

QUINQUELOCULINA SP, Avcccccccecccce

REOPHAX NANA coeeccccccccsvceccccce 7

ROSALINA BULBOSAsccoscccccccccccce 1

RUSALINA CONCINNAccecccccccccccece
ROSALINA FLORIDANAccccccecccceccce
ROSALINA AFF. Ac FLORIDENSISeccoce
ROSALINA GLOBULARIS. .ccccvccceccce 27 4 5 1 1 7 3 6 4
ROSALINA SUBARAUCANA, o00000 1 8 2

ROSALINA JUVENILES... coccccccvccee 1 2

SCUTULUORIS SP. Acssecscccccccvcece 1 2 1
SIGMAVIRGULINA TORTUOSAcccccccecccs 1

SORITES MARGINALIS..ccccccccccccee 2 3
SPIROLOCULINA DEPRESSAccoccccccces

STETSONIA MINUTA. .ceccccccccccccce 1 1
TRIFARINA OCCIDENTALIS. coccccccvccs 2 1 1 2 1
TRILOCULINA CF. Te. TRIGONULAsccece 1

TROCHAMINA CF. T,. ADVENAcccccccces 1

TROCHAMINA OCHRACEA cc eccecccceccce 1 8 7

TROCHAMINA SP Avcecssccccccccccces

2? TUBINELLA SPeo Ascesccecccccccece

WEISWERELLA AURICULATA,ccccccccece 1 1 4 1 2 3 5

YePON
i
wn

No

TOTAL seccccecvccscccccccveccceccce 7eo7 944 46 27 27 23 645 379 39 26 94 322 338 240

Literature Cited

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1954. Distribution of Some Shallow-Water Foraminifera
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Banner, F.T., and S.J. Culver

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Bock, W.D.

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1965a. Foraminifera from Late Pleistocene Clay near

* Waterville, Maine. Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collec-
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1965b. The Distribution and Abundance of Foraminifera

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NUMBER 16

1923.

1925»

1926.

1928.

1929a.

1929b.

1930.

LOSIE

1932.

1933a.

1933b.

IQ Bye

NOSE

1939?

1941.

1943.

1944.

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Recent Foraminifera from Puerto Rico. The Car-
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4(4):103-107.

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On Quinqueloculina seminula (Linné). Contributions
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The Foraminifera of the Atlantic Ocean, Part 8:
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Some New Foraminiferal Genera. Contributions from
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Some New Recent Foraminifera from the Tropical
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Notes on the Genus Tvetomphalus, with Descriptions
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A Monograph of the Subfamily Virgulininae of
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Foraminiferal Research,

49

1947. New Species and Varieties of Foraminifera from
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Contributions from the Cushman Laboratory for Forami-
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Cushman, J.A., and P. Bronnimann
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1938. Oligocene Foraminifera from Choctaw Bluff, Al-
abama. United States Geological Survey Professional
Paper, 189-D:101-119.
Cushman, J.A., and F.L. Parker

1931. Recent Foraminifera from the Atlantic Coast of
South America. Proceedings of the United States Na-
tional Museum, 80(3):1-24.

1938. The Recent Species of Bulimina Named by

@Orbigny in 1826. Contributions from the Cushman
Laboratory for Foraminiferal Research, 14(4):90-94.
Cushman, J.A., and G.M. Ponton
1932. The Foraminifera of the Upper, Middle, and Part
of the Lower Miocene of Florida. Florida State
Geological Survey Bulletin, 9:1—-147.
Cushman, J.A., and R.T. Wickenden
1929. Recent Foraminifera from off Juan Fernandez
Islands. Proceedings of the United States National Mu-
seum, 75(2780):1-16.
dOrbigny. See Orbigny.
Douglas, R., and W.V. Sliter

1965. Taxonomic Revision of Certain Discorbacea and
Orbitoidacea (Foraminiferida). Tulane Studies in
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Egger, J.G.

1893. Foraminiferen aus Meeresgrundproben, gelothet
von 1874 bis 1876 von S. M. Sch. Gazelle. Abhand-
lungen der Mathematisch-Physikalischen Classe der Kon-
iglich-Bayerischen Akademie der Wossenschaften, Mu-
nich, 18(2):193-458.

Ehrenberg, C.G.

1840. Eine, weitere Erlauterung des Organismus meh-
erer in Berlin lebend beobachteter Polythalamien
der Nordesee. Abhandlungen der Koniglich-Preussischen
Akademie der Wissenschaften, Berlin, 1840:18—23.
Uber noch zahlreich jetz lebende Thieraten der
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der Koniglichen Akademie der Wissenschaften, Berlin,
1839:81-174.

Fichtel, L. von, and J.P.C. von Moll
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Argonauta et Nautilus ad naturam delineata et descripta:

1841.

Testacea microscopica alraque minuta ex generibus

50 : SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE MARINE SCIENCES

Milroskopische und Andere Kleine Schalthiere aus den
Geschlectern Argonaute und Schiffer, nach der Natur
gezeichnet und Beschneben. 124 pages, 24 plates. Vi-
enna: Camerinaischen Buchhandlung. [1798 edi-
tion unavailable. 1803 edition a re-issue with new
title page and slight variations. |
Forskal, P.
1775. Descriptiones Animalium, Avium, Amphibiorum... .

164 pages. Copenhagen.

Gibson, T.G., and M.A. Buzas

1973. Species Diversity: Patterns in Modern and Mio-
cene Foraminifera of the Eastern Margin of North
America. Geological Survey of America Bulletin,
84:217-238.
Gilmore, R.G., Jr.

1977. Fishes of the Indian River Lagoon and Adjacent
Waters, Florida. Bulletin of the Florida State Museum,

Buological Sciences, 22:101-148.
Gore, R.H., L.E. Scotto, and L.J. Becker
1978. Community Composition, Stability, and Trophic
Partitioning in Decapod Crustaceans Inhabiting
Some Subtropical Sabellariid Worm Reefs. Bulle-
tin of Marine Science, 28:221-248.

Grossman, S.

1967. Living and Subfossil Rhizopod and Ostracode
Populations. The University of Kansas Paleontological
Contributions, 44:7-82.

Haake, W.F.

1975. Miliolinen (Foram.) in Oberflachensedimenten
des Persischen Golfes. “Meteor” Forschungsergebnisse,
series C, 21:15—51. Berlin.

Haynes, J.R.
1973. Cardigan Bay Recent Foraminifera (Cruises of the

R.V. Antur, 1962-1964). Bulletin of the British Mu-
seum (Natural History), Zoology, supplement, 4:1-
245,
Heron-Allen, E., and A. Earland
1930. The Foraminifera of the Plymouth District, I.
Journal of the Royal Microscopical Soctety, 50:161-199.
Kornfeld, M.M.

1931. Recent Littoral Foraminifera from Texas and
Louisiana. Contributions of Geology of Stanford Univer-
sity, 1(3):77-93.

Lamarck, J.B.
1816. Hstotre naturelle des Animaux sans vertebres. Volume

2, 568 pages. Paris: Verdiere.

Lankford, R.R.
1959. Distribution and Ecology of Foraminifera from
East Mississippi Delta Margin. Bulletin of the Amer-
ican Association of Petroleum Geologists, 43(9):2068-

2099.

Le Calvez, Y.
1977. Révision des Foraminiferes de la_ collection
d’Orbigny, II: Foraminiferes de L’tle de Cuba.

Cahiers de Micropaleontologie, 1: 128 pages.

Linné, K.
1758. Regnum Animale. In Systema Naturae, edition 10,
volume 1, 824 pages. Holmiae [= Stockholm]: L.
Salvi. :
Lipps, J.H., and J.W. Valentine
1970. The Role of Foraminifera in the Trophic Structure
of Marine Communities. Lethaia, 3:279-286.

Loeblich, A.L., Jr., and H. Tappan
1953. Studies of Arctic Foraminifera. Smithsonian Miscel-

laneous Collections, 121:1—150.

Sarcodina Chiefly ““Thecamoebans” and Forami-

niferida. Jn Raymond C. Moore, editor, T7veatise on

Invertebrate Paleontology, C(1-2): 900 pages. Law-

1964.

rence: University of Kansas Press for Geological
Society of America.
Milliman, J.D., O.H. Pilkey, and D.A. Ross

1972. Sediments of the Continental Margin off the East-
ern United States. Geological Society of America Bul-
letin, 83:1315-1334.

Montagu, G.

1803. Testacea Britannica, or Natural History of British Shells,
Marine, Land, and Fresh-Water, Including the Most
Minute. 606 pages. Romsey, England.

Mook, D.

1980. Seasonal Variation in Species Composition of Re-
cently Settled Fouling Communities along an En-
vironmental Gradient in the Indian River Lagoon,
Florida. Estuarine and Coastal Marine Science, 2:573-
581.

Nelson, W.C., K.D. Cairns, and R.W. Virnstein

1982. Seasonality and Spatial Patterns of Seagrass-As-
sociated Amphipods of the Indian River Lagoon,
Florida. Bulletin of Marine Science, 32:121-129.
Orbigny, A. d’

1826. Tableau Méthodique de la Classe des Céphalo-
podes. Annals des Sciences Naturelles, 7:245-314.

1839a. Foraminiferes. Jn de la Sagra, editor, Histovre Phy-
sique, Politique et naturelle de V'le de Cuba, part 2,
{Natural History], volume [7], 224 pages [plates
published separately]. Paris: Bertrand.

1839b. Voyage dans l’Amerique. Mendionale, 5(5):1—86.

1846. Fossiles du bassin tertiaire de Vienne (Autriche). 312
pages. Paris: Gide et Comp.

Parker, F.L.

1952a. Foraminiferal Species off Portsmouth, New
Hampshire. Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative
Zoology, 106(9):391—423.

1952b. Foraminiferal Distribution in the Long Island

Sound-Buzzard Bay Area. Bulletin of the Museum of
Comparative Zoology, 106(10):428-473.

Distribution of the Foraminifera in the Northeast-
ern Gulf of Mexico. Bulletin of the Museum of Com-
parative Zoology, 111(10):453-588.

Quinqueloculina tenagos, New Name for Quinquelocu-
lina rhodiensis Parker, Preoccupied. Contributzons from

1954.

1962.

NUMBER 16

the Cushman Foundation for Foraminiferal Research,
13(3):110.
Parker, F.L., and W.D. Athearn

1959. Ecology of Marsh Foraminifera in Poponesset Bay,
Massachusetts. Journal of Paleontology, 33(2):333-
343.
Parker, F.L., F. B Phleger, and J.F. Peirson
1953. Ecology of Foraminifera from San Antonio Bay

and Environs, Southwest Texas. Cushman Founda-
tion for Foraminiferal Research, Special Publication, 2:1-
75.
Phleger, F. B
1939. Foraminifera of Submarine Cores from the Con-
tinental Slope. Bulletin of the Geological Society of
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Phleger, F. B, and F.L. Parker
1951. Ecology of Foraminifera, Northwest Gulf of Mex-
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of America Memoir, 46:1-64.
Phleger, F. B, F.L. Parker, and J.F. Peirson

1953. North Atlantic Foraminifera. Reports of the Swedish
Deep-Sea Expedition, 7(1):1-122.
Post, R.J.
1951. Foraminifera of the South Texas Coast. Publications
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1851. Uber die Fossilen Foraminiferen und Entomostra-
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Rhumbler, L.
1906. Foraminiferen von Laysan und den Chatham-In-
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1913. Die Foraminiferen (Thalamophoren) der Plankton-Ex-

pedition. 476 pages. Keil and Leipzig.

Rose, P.R., and B. Lidz

1977. Diagnostic Foraminiferal Assemblages of Shallow-
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Schultze, M.S.

1854. Ueber den Organismus der Polythalamien (Foraminiferen )
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Shupack, B.

1934. Some Foraminifera from Western Long Island and
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Smith, R.K., and L.B. Isham

1974. Reinstatement of Mychostomina Berthelin, 1881,
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ail

Reuss, 1862. Journal of Foraminiferal Research, 4:61-
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Stubbs, S.A.
1940. Studies of Foraminifera from Seven Stations in the
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Terquem, M.O.

1875. Essaz sur le classement des anmaux qui vinent sur la plage
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1966. Smaller Foraminifera from Guam. United States

Geological Survey Professional Paper, 403-1: 1-41.

1979. Depth Occurrences of Foraminifera along the

Southeastern United States. Journal of Foraminiferal
Research, 9(4):277-301.
Todd, R., and P. Bronnimann

1957. Recent Foraminifera and Thecamoebina from the
Eastern Gulf of Paria. Cushman Foundation for Fora-
miniferal Research, Special Publication, 3:3—43.

Todd, R., and D. Low

1961. Near Shore Foraminifera of Martha’s Vineyard
Island, Massachusetts. Contributions from the Cush-
man Foundation for Foraminiferal Research, 12(1):5-21.

1967. Recent Foraminifera from the Gulf of Alaska and
Southeastern Alaska. United States Geological Survey
Professional Paper 573-A: 1-46.

1971. Foraminifera from the Bahama Bank west of An-
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Paper, 683-C: 1-22.

Weisner, H.
1923. Die Milwolideen der ostlichen Adria. 113 pages. Prague.

Wilcox, J.R., and R.G. Gilmore

1977. Some Hydrological Data from the Indian River
between Sebastian and St. Lucie Inlets, Florida,
January 1972-February 1975. Harbor Branch Foun-
dation Technical Report, 17: 104 pages.

Wilcoxon, J.A.

1964. Distribution of Foraminifera off the Southern At-
lantic Coast of the United States. Contributions from
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15(1):1-24.

Williamson, W.C.

1848. On the Recent British Species of the Genus Lagena.
The Annals and Magazine of Natural History, series 2,
1:1-20.

On the Recent Foraminifera of Great Britain. 107 pages,
7 plates. London: Ray Society.
Young, D.K., M.A. Buzas, and M.W. Young

1976. Species Densities of Macrobenthos Associated with
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Young, D.K., and M.W. Young
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1858.

ciated with Seagrass of the Indian River, Florida.
In B. CG. Coull, editor, Ecology of Marine Benthos, 467
pages. Columbia: University of South Carolina
Press.

SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE MARINE SCIENCES

PLATE 1

(Micrographs reduced to 52.5%)

Reophax nana Rhumbler
1. Side view, hypotype, USNM 310285, x 205.
Ammobaculites exigiuus Cushman and Bronniman
2. Side view, hypotype, USNM 310280, x 195.
3. Apertural view, hypotype, USNM 310280, x 350.
Ammobaculites exilis Cushman and Bronniman
4. Side view, hypetype, USNM 310281, x 90.
5. Apertural view, hypotype, USNM 310281, x 190.
Ammobaculites cf. exilis Cushman and Bronniman
6. Side view, figured specimen, USNM 310282, x 60.
7. Apertural view, figured specimen, USNM 310282, X 95.
Trochamina cf. advena Cushman
8. Spiral side, figured specimen, USNM 310286, X 475.
9. Umbilical side, figured specimen, USNM 310286, x 500.
Trochamina ochracea (Williamson)
10. Spiral side, hypotype, USNM 310287, x 540.
11. Umbilical side, hypotype, USNM 310287, x 540.
Gaudryina exilis Cushman and Bronniman
12. Side view, hypotype, USNM 310283, x 155.
13. Side view, hypotype, USNM 310284, x 395.
Cyclogyra planorbis (Schultze)
14. Side view, hypotype, USNM 310247, x 220.
Edentostomina cultrata (Brady)
15. Side view, hypotype, USNM 310248, X 80.
16. Apertural view, hypotype, USNM 310248, x 105.
Wersnerella auriculata (Egger)
17. Side view, hypotype, USNM 310279, x 300.

oO

NUMBER

54 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE MARINE SCIENCES

PLATE 2

(Micrographs reduced to 52.5%)

Spiroloculina depressa d’Orbigny

1. Side view, hypotype, USNM 310276, x 60.

2. Apertural view, hypotype, USNM 310276, X 95.
Quinqueloculina agglutinans d’Orbigny

3. Side view, hypotype, USNM 310260, x 215.

4. Apertural view, hypotype, USNM 310260, X 380.

5. Side view, hypotype, USNM 310261, x 215.

6. Apertural view, hypotype, USNM 310261, 390.
Quinqueloculina cf. aknervana d’Orbigny

7. Side view, figured specimen, USNM 310262, 105.

8. Apertural view, figured specimen, USNM 310262, X 160.
Quinqueloculina cf. bidentata d’Orbigny

9. Side view, figured specimen, USNM 310263, x 160.

10. Apertural view, figured specimen, USNM 310263, X 275.
Quinqueloculina carinata-striata (Weisner)

11. Edge view, hypotype, USNM 310264, x 235.

12. Apertural view, hypotype, USNM 310264, x 400.

13. Side view, hypotype, USNM 310264, x 240.
Quinqueloculina goesi (Weisner)

14. Side view, hypotype, USNM 310265, x 100.

15. Apertural view, hypotype, USNM 310265, x 185.

16. Side view, hypotype, USNM 310266, x 90.

17. Apertural view, hypotype, USNM 310266, X 160.

©

NUMBER

SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE MARINE SCIENCES

PLATE 3

(Micrographs reduced to 52.5%)

Quinqueloculina gualtierrana d’Orbigny

1. Side view, hypotype, USNM 310267, x 230.

2. Apertural view, hypotype, USNM 310267, x 300.
Quinqueloculina impressa Reuss

3. Side view, hypotype, USNM 310268, x 210.

4. Apertural view, hypotype, USNM 310268, x 295.
Quinqueloculina poeyana d’Orbigny

5. Side view, hypotype, USNM 310269, X 325.

6. Apertural view, hypotype, USNM 310269, x 550.
Quinqueloculina seminula (Linné)

7. Side view, hypotype, USNM 310270, X 170.

8. Apertural view, hypotype, USNM 310270, x 300.
Quinqueloculina cf. strata d’Orbigny

9. Side view, figured specimen, USNM 310271, X 145.

10. Apertural view, figured specimen, USNM 310271, X 270.

Quinqueloculina tenagos Parker

11. Side view, hypotype, USNM 310272, X 165.

12. Apertural view, hypotype, USNM 310272, x 280.
Quinqueloculina species

13. Side view, figured specimen, USNM 310273, X 120.

14. Apertural view, figured specimen, USNM 310273, X 170.

?Massilina species
15. Side view, figured specimen, USNM 310249, x 80.

16. Apertural view, figured specimen, USNM 310249, x 100.

'
:
'

NUMBER

58

SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE MARINE SCIENCES

PLATE 4

(Micrographs reduce to 52.5%)

Paeteoris dilitata (d’Orbigny)

1. Side view, hypotype, USNM 310258, X 310.

2. Apertural view, hypotype, USNM 310258, x 320.
Trioculina cf. trgonula (Lamarck)

3. Side view, figured specimen, USNM 310277, X 160.

4. Apertural view, figured specimen, USNM 310277, X 220.
Miliolinella subrotunda (Montagu)

5. Side view, hypotype, USNM 310250, X 200.

6. Apertural view, hypotype, USNM 310250, X 210.
Miliolinella cf. subrotunda (Montagu)

7. Side view, figured specimen, USNM 310256, X 250.

8. Apertural view, figured specimen, USNM 310256, X 260.

?Milrolinella species
9. Side view, figured specimen, USNM 310257, X 250.

10. Apertural view, figured specimen, USNM 310257, X 185.

Biloculinella globula (Bornemann)

11. Side view, hypotype, USNM 310246, x 175.

12. Apertural view, hypotype, USNM 310246, x 200.
Scutulorts species

13. Side view, figured specimen, USNM 310274, * 205.

14. Apertural view, figured specimen, USNM 310274, X 260.

?Tubinella species

15. Side view, figured specimen, USNM 310278, X 280.
Articulina cf. pacifica Cushman

16. Side view, figured specimen, USNM 310245, x 120.

Ke)

NUMBER

SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE MARINE SCIENCES |

PLATE 5

(Micrographs reduced to 52.5%)

Peneroplis pertusus (Forskal)
1. Side view, hypotype, USNM 310259, X 220.
Lagena cf. doveyensis Haynes
2. Side view, figured specimen, USNM 310182, x 230.
Fissurina lucida (Williamson)
3. Side view, hypotype, USNM 310183, X 565.
Fissurina species
4. Side view, figured specimen, USNM 310184, x 390.
Buliminella elegantissima (d’Orbigny)
5. Side view, hypotype, USNM 310214, x 260.
Bolwina cf. compacta Sidebottom
6. Side view, figured specimen, USNM 310192, x 215.
Bolwina paula Cushman and Cahill
7. Side view, hypotype, USNM 310193, x 250.
Bolivina striatula Cushman
8. Side view, hypotype, USNM 310194, x 110.
Bolivina subexcavata Cushman and Wickenden
9. Side view, hypotype, USNM 310195, x 330.
Boliwina sp. A
10. Side view, figured specimen, USNM 310196, X 180.
Bolwina sp. B
11. Side view, figured specimen, USNM 310197, X 170.
Bulimina acculeata d’Orbigny
12. Side view, hypotype, USNM 310209, x 425.
?Pavonina species
13. Side view, figured specimen, USNM 310233, X 210.
Hopkinsina pacifica Cushman
14. Side view, hypotype, USNM 310190, x 275.
Hopkinsina cf. pacifica Cushman
15. Side view, figured specimen, USNM 310191, X 245.
Trifarina occidentalis (Cushman)
16. Side view, hypotype, USNM 310210, x 195.
Rosalina bulbosa (Parker)
17. Spiral side, hypotype, USNM 301234, X 520.
18. Umbilical side, hypotype, USNM 301234, x 490.
19. Side view, attached to Quinqueloculina impressa Reuss,
USNM 310235, X 550.

©

NUMBER

62

SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE MARINE SCIENCES

PLATE 6

(Micrographs reduced to 52.5%)

Rosalina concinna (Brady)

1. Spiral side, hypotype, USNM 310237, x 290.

2. Umbilical side, hypotype, USNM 310237, X 290.
Rosalina aff. floridensis (Cushman)

3. Spiral side, figured specimen, USNM 310239, X 225.

4. Umbilical side, figured specimen, USNM 310239, x 225.
Rosalina floridana (Cushman)

5. Spiral side, hypotype, USNM 310238, x 230.

6. Umbilical side, hypotype, USNM 310238, X 250.
Rosalina globulans d’Orbigny
7. Spiral side, hypotype, USNM 310240, x 285.

8. Umbilical side, hypotype, USNM 310240, x 255.
Rosalina subaraucana (Cushman)

9. Umbilical side, hypotype, USNM 310243, X 355.

10. Spiral side, hypotype, USNM 310243, X 375.

11. Umbilical side, hypotype, USNM 310242, x 195.

12. Spiral side, hypotype, USNM 310242, x 175.

NUMBER 16

64

SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE MARINE SCIENCES

PLATE 7

(Micrographs reduced to 52.5%)

Stetsonia minuta Parker

1. Spiral side, hypotype, USNM 310244, x 450.

2. Umbilical side, hypotype, USNM 310244, x 450.
Glabratella species

3. Spiral side, figured specimen, USNM 310220, x 440.

4. Umbilical side, figured specimen, USNM 310220, x 455.
Glabratellina sagrai (Todd and Bronniman)

5. Spiral side, hypotype, USNM 310221, x 360.

6. Umbilical side, hypotype, USNM 310221, X 375.
Mychostomina revertens (Rhumbler)

7. Spiral side, hypotype, USNM 310223, x 165.

8. Umbilical side, hypotype, USNM 310223, x 165.
Ammonia beccari (Linné)

9. Umbilical side, hypotype, USNM 310213, x 200.

10. Spiral side, hypotype, USNM 310213, X 205.

NUMBER 16

66

SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE MARINE SCIENCES

PLATE 8

(Micrographs reduced to 52.5%)

Elphidium advenum (Cushman)

1. Side view, hypotype, USNM 310198, X 255.
Elphidium excavatum (Terquem)

2. Side view, hypotype, USNM 310202, x 215.
Elphidium galvestonense (Kornfeld)

3. Side view, hypotype, USNM 310200, X 105.
Elphidium gunterr Cole

4. Side view, hypotype, USNM 310203, x 205.
Elphidium kugler: (Cushman and Bronniman)

5. Side view, hypotype, USNM 310205, x 130.
Elphidium mexicanum Kornfeld

6. Side view, hypotype, USNM 310288, x 240.
Elphidium cf. mexicanum Kornfeld

7. Side view, figured specimen, USNM 310207, X 180.
Elphidium norvang: Buzas, Smith, and Beem

8. Side view, hypotype, USNM 310206, x 485.
Elphidium species

9. Side view, figured specimen, USNM 310208, x 135.
Haynesina germanca (Ehrenberg)

10. Side view, hypotype, USNM 310211, x 225.

o

NUMBER

68

SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE MARINE SCIENCES

PLATE 9

(Micrographs reduced to 52.5%)

Eponides repandus (Fichtel and Moll)

1. Umbilical side, hypotype, USNM 310219, x 140.

2. Spiral side, hypotype, USNM 310219, x 130.
Cibicides aff. floridana (Cushman)

3. Spiral side, figured specimen, USNM 3102215, X 170.

4. Umbilical side, figured specimen, USNM 310215, X 180.
Cibicides species

5. Spiral side, figured specimen, USNM 310216, X 420.

6. Umbilical side, figured specimen, USNM 310216, x 440.

Planorbulina mediterranensis d’Orbigny

7. Spiral side, hypotype, USNM 310189, x 195.
Cymbaloporetta atlantica (Cushman)

8. Spiral side, hypotype, USNM 310217, x 240.

9. Umbilical side, hypotype, USNM 310217, x 250.
Cymbaloporetta species

10. Spiral side, figured specimen, USNM 310218, X 395.

11. Umbilical side, figured specimen, USNM 310218, x 410.

Te)

NUMBER

70

SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE MARINE SCIENCES

PLATE 10

(Micrographs reduced to 53%)

Fursenkoina fusiforms (Williamson)

1. Side view, hypotype, USNM 310185, x 240.
Fursenkoina mexicana (Cushman)

2. Side view, hypotype, USNM 310186, X |
Fursenkoina pontont (Cushman)

3. Side view, hypotype, USNM 310187, x 150.
Sigmavirgulina tortuosa (Brady)

4. Side view, hypotype, USNM 310188, * 350.
Cassidulina barbara Buzas

5. Side view, hypotype, USNM 310212, x 390.
Nonion boueanum (d’Orbigny)

6. Side view, hypotype, USNM 310224, x 90.

7. Peripheral view, hypotype, USNM 310244, x 90.
Nonion species

8. Peripheral view, figured specimen, USNM 310225, x 100.

9. Side view, figured specimen, USNM 310225, x 100.
Nononella atlantica Cushman

10. Spiral side, hypotype, USNM 310227, X 130.

11. Peripheral view, hypotype, USNM 310227, x 130.

12. Involute side, hypotype, USNM 310227, X 130.

i)
en
ol

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NUMBER

SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE MARINE SCIENCES

PLATE 11

(Micrographs reduced to 53%)

Nonionella auricula Heron-Allen and Earland
1. Involute side, hypotype, USNM 310228, x 250.
2. Peripheral view, hypotype, USNM 310228, * 250.
3. Spiral side, hypotype, USNM 310228, * 250.
Nonionella cf. auricula Heron-Allen and Earland
4. Spiral side, figured specimen, USNM 310230, X 210.
5. Peripheral view, figured specimen, USNM 310230, X 210.
6. Involute side, figured specimen, USNM 310230, x 210.
Nonionella opima Cushman
7. Spiral side, hypotype, USNM 310232, x 190.
- 8. Peripheral view, hypotype, USNM 310232, x 200.
9. Involute side, hypotype, USNM 310232, x 195.
Hanzawaia concentrica (Cushman)
10. Spiral side, hypotype, USNM 310222, x 165.
11. Umbilical side, hypotype, USNM 310222, x 165.

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