ere re) 8 Ee Pi te ace ¥ 4 = - ay lis OE se ty a ee en oe oe ee od Pe ee eo eee ue? thei 4 & Fa 4 # 1. s1tR yin i % a - l, Ay rah i ; ‘ SIR ANDREW SMITH’S “TLLUSTRATIONS OF THE ZOOLOGY OF SOUTH AFRICA” An Annotated Table of Contents for the “Reptilia” Volume — oN! HS( Nig " /V MAK ] 2 2005 SBRARIEDL Thomas M. Ulber Bredell, South Africa SMITHSONIAN HERPETOLOGICAL INFORMATION SERVICE NO. 120 1999 SMITHSONIAN HERPETOLOGICAL INFORMATION SERVICE The SHIS series publishes and distributes translations, bibliographies, indices, and similar items judged useful to individuals interested in the biology of amphibians and reptiles, but unlikely to be published in the normal technical journals. Single copies are distributed free to interested individuals. Libraries, herpetological associations, and research laboratories are invited to exchange their publications with the Division of Amphibians and Reptiles. We wish to encourage individuals to share their bibliographies, translations, ete. with other herpetologists through the SHIS series. If you have such items please contact George Zug for instructions on preparation and submission. Contributors receive 50 free copies. Please address all requests for copies and inquiries to George Zug, Division of Amphibians and Reptiles, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington DC 20560 USA. Please include a self-addressed mailing label with requests. SIR ANDREW SMITH’S “ILLUSTRATIONS OF THE ZOOLOGY OF SOUTH AFRICA” AN ANNOTATED TABLE OF CONTENTS FOR THE “REPTILIA” VOLUME INTRODUCTION Sir Andrew Smith’s Reptilia volume of the “Illustrations of the Zoology of South Africa” (1838-1849) is the earliest monographic treatise exclusively dedicated to the Southern African herpetofauna. It is even one of the earliest monumental works on the herpetofauna of a subcontinent, preceded only by few publications of comparable thoroughness, and it may be justifiable to say that it set new standards. While far more famous works of that time, such as Duméril and Bibron’s “Erpétologie Générale” (1834-1854) or Gray’s catalogues of the collections of the British Museum (1844-1850), dealt almost exclusively with preserved material from throughout the world that had been deposited by various collectors over lengthy periods of time, Smith’s work was based at least partly upon material that appears to have been collected by himself or in his presence (for a portrait see Adler 1989: 36). It is therefore of little surprise that his work contains a wealth of biological information besides very detailed morphological data. However, what makes Smith’s book(s) a real treasure is the large number of painstakingly detailed, mostly (hand-)coloured plates for which credit is due to the extraordinarily talented G.H. Ford; he later became the major artist at the British Museum (BMNH). The animals portrayed are shown in entirely natural postures and in their live colours. In contrast to most previous works which were often strongly affected by misconceptions and ancient tales, this gives evidence of Smith having observed at least some of his specimens before they were bottled and that he may have used his observations to influence the illustrations. As a result they are of such quality that they could well be used for a modern fieldguide. The Reptilia volume comprises 22 individual parts plus an appendix which were issued over a period of eleven years. Unfortunately, complete sets are extremely rare today and quite unaffordable. The volume has been reprinted only once (1977) and even this reprint has become very scarce. These are likely to be the reasons why modern workers quote Smith’s data rather rarely. Another drawback causing further inconvenience when trying to extract information from it, is the fairly erratic arrangement of species accounts and plates issued. The pages of the main text chapter are not paginated, and the appendix, which contains some of the original descriptions, is numbered independently. The plates are numbered and provide virtually the only hint as to the chronological order. These difficulties have led to most, if not all, subsequent authors quoting as original descriptions only the plate and figure numbers, or the numbers of the appendix pages; the text of the main text chapter is usually, and undeservedly so, not mentioned. The aforesaid made me decide to prepare a new table of contents which takes into account the volume as a whole, for which I think its 150th anniversary is a good choice of time. It is hoped that by making this overview generally available, it will not only assist in finding a certain section of text, but also form the basis for a proper quotation of the original descriptions. . THE ERRATA SLIP At least the original copy of the Reptilia volume available to myself contains an Errata slip on which nine adjustments appear, five of which refer to herpetological taxa. It also contains an additional note saying: “Zhe descriptions of Figs. 2 and 3, Plate 47 Mammalia, which were accidentally omitted in Part 25, will be found in the present Part, together with separate Title-pages and Indexes for each Division of the Work.” , which makes it probable that the slip was issued together with either the last part (28), or the appendix; in either case this is 1849 according to Waterhouse (1880) for part 28 on the one, and the date shown on said title page on the other hand. While two of the lines refer merely to generic re-allocations of species and are therefore only of interest for synonymies, Smith clearly indicates the intended spelling of certain species names in two other lines. In all but one case the date of these emendations (1849) is the same as that of the parts they refer to and must therefore be regarded as valid corrections of erroneous original spellings according to Art 32c of the .C.Z.N. Code (1985: 67ff). The one taxon where this is not so is Elapsoidea sundevalli whose original description and plate were issued already in July 1848 (Waterhouse 1880). The name was, it appears, not used by any other worker (‘‘first reviser’, Art. 24c of the I.C.Z.N. Code) in the interim (Ulber in Ulber 1995; compare also Broadley in Golay et al. 1993), so that this emendation should also be acceptable as a valid correction of an incorrect original spelling under the terms of Art. 32 (c [ii]). It appears that Lambiris (as “A.L.” in Branch et auct. 1988: 13) and Branch (1998: 106) were not aware of the Errata slip. For the reader’s convenience, the relevant lines of the Errata slip are quoted here: “- Walbergii, where it occurs, read Wahlbergii.” “_ Sunderwallii, where it occurs, read Sundevalli. “- Tarentola Bibroni, Plate 50, read Pachydactylus Bibronii.” “. Tarentola Capensis, Plate 50, read Pachydactylus Capensis.” »Annotation | z Schismaderma carens Smith, 1849 The fifth line on the Errata slip reads: “- Bufo carens, Plate 68, read Schismaderma lateralis.”, and on page 28 of the Appendix, Smith states under the header “Postscript”: “IN the letter-press description of Bufo carens, plate 68, I mentioned that I considered this Batrachian would require to be regarded as the type of a group, if the absence of parotids was a constant character. I have now, in addition to the specimen I possessed when the above was published, six others, in all of which the deficiency exists, | therefore propose to sink the name Bufo carens, and substitute for it Schismaderma lateralis.” This paragraph is followed by the definition of the genus Schismaderma. According to this, Smith designated as the type species for his genus Schismaderma the substitute name Schismaderma lateralis. As it appears, this substitution has been entirely unnecessary since the description of Bufo carens on (unnumbered) page (143) of the main text chapter accompanied by plate 68, Fig. 1, is perfectly valid. Although of no practical consequence, Schismaderma lateralis Smith, 1849, must however be regarded as the orginally (by monotypy, for that matter) designated type species of this genus. Gerrhosaurus vallidus Smith, 1849 The original description of Gerrhosaurus vallidus appears on page 9 of the Appendix. The species name is indeed spelled with a double-L, and although Sundevall’s name (as “Sunderall”) follows suggesting him to be the original author, it is Smith to whom this taxon must be credited. As no etymology of the species name is given, it can only be guessed whether Smith wished to dedicate this species to the Swedish zoologist by perhaps using a good-natured bowdlerization of the latter’s name or a possible nickname. Two facts are, however, quite obvious, i.e. that there is no justification for assuming that the species name is related to the word “valid” nor that the spelling with a single-L was intended since the name is not mentioned in the Errata stip: All subsequent spellings “validus” are therefore incorrect. TABLE OF CONTENTS In the following, a complete table of contents of Smith’s Reptilia volume is provided in alphabetical order. The actual position of the pages in the originally unnumbered main text chapter are given in brackets and this usage is suggested for all future quotations. As Waterhouse (1880) did not provide separate dates for the text pages it is to be supposed that these were issued with the relevant plates and I have paginated them accordingly. It begins with text page (1) which is supposed to have accompanied Plate | and deals with Sternotherus sinuatus. Page numbers of the Appendix pages are preceded by an “A-” here, but I wish to emphasize that this is meant only to distinguish them from the pages of the main text chapter in the current list in order to minimize the risk of confusion. Plate and figure numbers are quoted as they appear, except that in the text they are referred to by Roman numbers whereas they appear in Latin numbers on the plates themselves; Latin numbers have been adopted here throughout. No cross-indexing has been undertaken. The numbers of parts and dates of their publication given follow Waterhouse (1880; reprinted and annotated by Barnard [1950]). The title page shows the year 1849 as publication date and was probably issued together with the Appendix and the Index. It remains unclear though whether the latter were issued together with the final part, i.e. 28, or in fact represent a 29th instalment. For this reason, only the year and no part number is given in the table of contents hereunder. N.B.: The anonymous reviewer of the manuscript kindly advised me that the reprint (1977) of this volume uses a pagination different to that worked out here. For example, the text for Sternotherus sinuatus, which must bear page number (1) according to the sequence of plates, is dealt with there as page 25. 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ADU-OJuaU SnyAjoopAYyovog sisuanbiapu snjqjoopAyovod snjopnopu snjAjoopaAyovd snsoutsof snjqoopaAyovog supsaja snjqoopaAyovd 1s4aq snjqjoopAyovd sypodaa snpoydas0yoduc) ipunjpjap snyoydas0y2Auc) sisuadva snjpydas0yoAuQC) nu0aqig snjoydas0yoacuQc) saypyoouany DION 9 eA alpy vION q Je, alpy DION JUN] §,YsIWIS 6r81 6r81 Orst/Ol 6r81 6r81 681/87 6P81/87 9P81/VT 98 1/VT 8est/I 9P81/PC 98 1/PT 6r81 6r81 6r81 6r81 6r81 6r81 6rsl 6r81 6r81 681/87 6F81/87 6r81 6F81/87 6F81/87 6r81 6r81 q-9:9 CL gic.0S L:0s S7-ZC'bS ‘p1S IZ-rS 9C-T-LL 97-T:8L OT-1:8L O1-LL Il syjopavd syppavd auojayr0aL) SNILMJIUOAB SAJDQOULUDS J SNILAJIUOAB SAJDGOULUDS J IjjOAaapunNs 1jjOAapuns DuUASOdg DUuuUASOAd snyojnuupiuas snojnuupiuas sndoosaja], 9 sHdoosaya T sisuadpo sisuadva snjdjonpAyovod nuoiqgig srMgovpayovd snjonuis soisnjad 67 c suvaiasiu sdojydajojdaT gsrounluos sdojyd4jojdaT sisuajpjou snyopajoqoualy J snyov4joqoucy J snjnaavs snjn4iv3s sndouajg paov1do2 Skjayoouldaq] snjpaquioys snsnd) SUAADI DULAAPDUSIYIS DULAapDUSIYIS SnauInsup $ajojar¢ sdas snj4jovpv.4a J snyoudysdxo Duapoyry J 1dp4s sndojAsuo4s pjnsiosnf{ pudy snyoiasp{ snywiosof sndojAsuo.s g5}suajosup DUDY sisuajpjou Dusajdouo J 2 PuPrp|ap pusajdouo J 4 syppaod opnjsa] DI1dJaUoas OpNnjsa] va1dJauoas opnjsa] yjoaapuns snyoudysouua | snyoudysouua J snojnuuviuas sndoosaja J sndoosaja J sisuadvo Djojuadd I Mu0Aglg DJOJUAaAD J SnJOnuls Snaayjousa]s SUDILABIU DULOJSOUa]S SUDI1AB1IU DUOJSOUAS, sisuajojpu snyoudysouajy snyoudyiouas snjnadps snj on page (179) Smith states: “7his reptile was given to me as an inhabitant of the interior of Southern Africa, but whether it is so or not I cannot pretend to decide, as Inever obtained a specimen in any part of the country over which I travelled. The only other species of the group yet known, the type of the genus Delma of Mr. Gray, is known to be a native of Western Australia, therefore it is probable the present is also from that country. ...” © _ This could in fact be Mabuya bibronii (Gray, 1838), a taxon native to India, despite Smith stating on page A-11: “Found, not abundantly, in different districts of Southern Africa.” . The Appendix appears to be based upon the collection of preserved specimens in British Museum, and there is a possibility that locality data has been confused. 7 _ This could in fact be Mabuya gravenhorstii (Duméril & Bibron, 1839), a Malagasy species, although Smith states on page A-11: “his species occurs in Southern Africa, but specimens are rarely obtained, and I am not able to specify the particular locality inwhich they are to be procured.”. Compare footnote 6. ae according to a handwritten note by V.F.M. FitzSimons in the copy examined 2 likely to be a Japsus calami for subtessellatus 14 10 _ This could in fact be Hemidactylus frenatus Dumeril & Bibron, 1836, a cosmopolitan Asian species, as Smith stated on page A-5: “As J never obtained an individual of this species, I give it, as an inhabitant of Southern Africa, upon the authority of the late M. Delalande, who forwarded specimens, from the Cape, to the Paris Museum.” . It is difficult to take any reasonable guess as to the true origin of Delalande’s specimens. The listing of localities, or rather regions, by Duméril & Bibron (1836: 367) includes Delalande’s specimens (“Delalande nous l'a rapportée du Cap”), and they also indicate Southern Africa (“Cette espéce habite l'Afrique australe, ...”), but one cannot but wonder whether their type series really consisted of H. frenatus throughout. Although Wermuth (1965: 75) states under “Verbreitung’, “Siidafrikanische Union (eingefihrt)”’, 1 would not know of any published record from South Africa, let alone an established population. It is noteworthy in this connection that Smith obviously never acquired any specimens of H. mabouia confirming that this species has indeed invaded South Africa from the north only recently (compare Douglas 1990). 1 | Storr (1971, not seen, cit. fide Cogger 1983: 176) considered this taxon a nomen oblitum, and the name has in fact never been used for this Australian scincid lizard. For reasons of stability one should continue to refer to it as Lerista praepedita (Boulenger, 1887) which, in itself is a substitute name for the preoccupied Soridia lineata Gray, 1839. 12 _ Smith’s statement on page A-23: “/nhabits the country to the eastward of the Cape Colony, more particularly the districts in the neighbourhood of Port Nata?’ , the latter being the Durban area, suggests that most of his material consisted of what is today considered Tomopterna cryptotis (Boulenger, 1907); see Passmore & Carruthers (1995) for distribution maps. ce appears from Smith’s brief obituary on Gabriel Bibron on page (162) that his original intention was to name this species inornatus, but later changed his mind and dedicated it to Bibron. Although the etymology was included in the descriptive text, the headers of the respective pages, i.e. (160) through (162), the chapter heading, i.e. the species name, and even the index were never adjusted. Only plate 71 shows the name A/ractaspis bibronii. 14 | described as a subgenus and in a footnote 1° _ While on page (75) reference is made to plate 41 figure 1, it is in fact figure 2 that shows G. subtessellatus. The same is true, vice versa, for G. sepiformis on page (77) where fig. 2 is indicated, but fig. 1 is meant. The captions on the plate are correct, however, and it should be noted that the upper figure is numbered 2 and the lower 1. Ie described in a footnote . Although the diagnosis (in a footnote) states “Ch. Subgen.” there is no generic allocation so that, in fact, it is the description of a genus. ae Figure 2 is the upper of the two. 15 Wit Although he dedicated V. cornuta and V. lophophrys two separate, albeit successive, accounts, Smith states on page (57): “Vipera cornuta and V. lophophrys are, without doubt, identical; the latter is simply either the reptile of a more advanced age, or a variety peculiar to certain localities. ...”. In the sub-header of the account of V. cornuta, reference is made to plates 32 and 33 accordingly, despite the caption of plate 33 reading Vipera lophophrys. 20 _ The first page of the appendix bears no page number. 21 a Northern African species 2 2 : ; - a Western Asian species 23 Plate 30 bears asa caption only “Genus Cordylus”. The explanations for the twenty-six individual line-drawings are included, more or less incompletely, in the respective species accounts. 24 nec Lamprophis Fitzinger, 1843! Smith provided a sufficient generic diagnosis in a footnote headed “Ch. Gen.”. Lamprophis Smith, 1847, is, however, pre-occupied for Fitzinger’s genus of the African house-snakes. Lycodonomorphus had also been described earlier by Fitzinger (1843). 25 _ See Parker & Ride (1962: 290ff) and Greig, Boycott & De Villiers (1979: 25ff) for discussions of this taxon. Bon Boulenger (1893: 332) identified plate 22 to depict “Boodon lineatus” (Dumeénl, Bibron & Dumenl, 1854), a West African taxon, but his synonymy includes other descriptions that also refer in fact to L. fuliginosus (e.g. Boaedon capense [Dumeril, Bibron & Duméril, 1854]). 28 provisionally determined by W.D. Haacke (pers. comm.) 28 _ For an extensive discussion of the nomenclatural history, synonymy, differentiation, and the designation of a neotype of Bufo pantherinus Smith, 1828, see Poynton & Lambiris (1998: 3ff). 9 treated as a monotypic or full species, respectively, by Branch (1998) 30 A taxon recognized by Meirte (1992: 23), but not listed by Branch (1998), the type locality being the “interior districts of South Africa’. 3! _ For a discussion of the possible origin of Smith’s material see Branch & Whiting (1997: 125f8). ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS My sincere thanks and appreciation are due to Mrs. Dinah van Driel (Transvaal Museum Library, Pretoria) for making accessible to me the copy of the book that forms the basis for this paper. Mr. Ralf Hermann (Salzgitter, Germany) is thanked for his technical assistance in the photographic reproduction of the colour plates for my personal copy. I owe a very special word of thank-you to Mr. Wulf D. Haacke (Transvaal Museum, Pretoria) for his more than generous support over many years, his investment of time in the most interesting discussions of various subjects, and for reviewing the original version of this manuscript. Mrs. Maureen Haacke (Pretoria) is thanked for her polishing touch to some of my phrasings. Thanks are also due to the anonymous reviewer of the manuscript for his valuable suggestions.Mr. Martin J. Whiting (Transvaal Museum) is thanked for his last minute assistance with literature and reviewing. BIBLIOGRAPHY ADLER, K. (1989): Herpetologists of the Past. in ADLER, K. (Ed.): Contributions to the History of Herpetology - Athens (Ohio) (S.S.A.R.): 5-135 ADOLPHS, K. (1996): Bibliographie der Giirtelechsen und Schildechsen (Reptilia: Sauna: Cordylidae & Gerrhosauridae) - Sankt Augustin (Squamata): 1-255 BARNARD, K.H. (1950): The Dates of Issue of the “Illustrations of the Zoology of South Africa” and the “Marine Investigations in South Africa” - Jour. Soc. Biblio. Nat. Hist., 2 (6): 187-189 BARTS, M. (1997): Agaminae. in BARTS, M. & T. WILMS (Eds.): Catalogue of valid Species and Synonyms. 4. Agamidae - Kempton Park (Herprint International), xl + 1-418 BAUER, A.M., D.A. GOOD & W.R. BRANCH (1997): The Taxonomy of the Southern African Leaf-toed Geckos (Squamata: Gekkonidae), with a Review of Old World “Phyllodactylus” and the Description of five new Genera - Proc. California Acad. Sci., 49 (14): 447-497 BOULENGER, G.A. (1885): Catalogue of Lizards in the British Museum (Natural History) I -London (Trustees of the Museum), xii + 1-428, Pl. 1-32 BOULENGER, G.A. (1893): Catalogue of the Snakes in the British Museum (Natural History), I - London (Tnustees of the Museum), xiii + 3-448, PI. 1-28 BRANCH, W.R. (1997): A new Adder (Bitis; Viperidae) from the Western Cape Province, South Africa - S. Afr. Jour. Zool., 32 (2): 37-42 BRANCH, B. (=W.R.) (1998): Field Guide to Snakes and other Reptiles of Southern Africa. Ed. 3 - Cape Town (Struik Publ.), 399 p. BRANCH, W.R. (Ed.), EH.W. BAARD, W.D. HAACKE, N. JACOBSEN, J.C. POYNTON & D.G. BROADLEY (Subeds.) (1988): A Provisional and Annotated Checklist of the Herpetofauna of Southern Africa - Jour. Herpet. Assoc. Africa, Humewood, 34: 1-19 BRANCH, W.R. & M.J. WHITING (1997): A new Platysaurus (Squamata: Cordylidae) from the Northern Cape Province, South Africa - Afr. Jour. Herpet., 46 (2): 124-136 COGGER, H.G. (1983): in COGGER, H.G., EE. CAMERON & H.M. COGGER: Zoological Catalogue of Australia, I, Amphibia and Reptilia - Canberra (Austral. Gov. Publ. Serv.), 313 p. Wi DOUGLAS, R.M. (1990): Incidences of homosciens and homoinsciens Translocation in the Orange Free State: Hemidactylus mabouia and Lygodactylus capensis - Jour. Herpet. Assoc. Afr., 37/2 3) DUMERIL, A.M.C. & G. BIBRON (1836): Erpétologie Générale ou Histoire Naturelle complete des Reptiles, III. - Paris (Librairie Encyclopédique de Roret), 518 p. GOLAY, P., H.M. SMITH, D.G. BROADLEY, J.R. DIXON, C. MCCARTHY, J.-C. RAGE, B. SCHATTI & M. TORIBA (1993): Endoglyphs and other major Venomous Snakes of the World. A Checklist - Aire-Geneva (AZEMIOPS), 478 p. GREIG, J.C., R.C. BOYCOTT & A.L. DE VILLIERS (1979): Notes on the Elevation of Rana fasciata montana FitzSimons, 1946 to Specific Rank and on the Identity of Rana fasciata sensu Burchell, 1824 (Anura: Ranidae) - Ann. Cape Prov. Mus. Nat. Hist., 13 (1): 1-30 I.C.Z.N. (International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature) (1985): International Code of Zoological Nomenclature. Ed. 3 - London (Intl. Trust Zool. Nomencl.), xx Ae BONS) |) MEIRTE, D. (1992): Cles de determination des serpents d’ Arfique - Ann. Sci. Zool. Mus. Roy. Afr. Centr. Tervuren, 267: 1-152 PARKER, H.W. & W.D.L. RIDE (1962): Rana fasciata Burchell, 1824 (Amphibia): Proposed Designation of a Neotype under the Plenary Powers - Bull. Zool. Nomencl., 19 (5): 290-292 PASSMORE, N.I. & V.C. CARRUTHERS (1995): South African Frogs, Ed. 2 - Halfway House (Southern Books Publishers), 322 p. POYNTON, J.C. & A.J.L. LAMBIRIS (1998): On Bufo pantherinus A. Smith, 1828 (Anura: Bufonidae), the Leopard Toad of the southwestern Cape, South Africa, with the Designation of a Neotype - Afr. Jour. Herpet., 47 (1): 3-12 SMITH, A. (1838-1849): Illustrations of the Zoology of South Africa, Reptilia - Lonodn (Smith, Elder & Co.), 3 + 188 unnum. p. + 28 p., 78 pls. SMITH, A. (1838-1849): Illustrations of the Zoology of South Africa, Reptilia - Craighall (Winchester Press), Repr. Ed., 1977 (not seen) STORR, G.M. 1971: The Genus Lerista (Lacertilia: Scincidae) in Wester Australia - Jour. Roy. Soc. West. Austral., 54: 59-75 (not seen) ULBER, T.M. (Ed.)(1994): Catalogue of valid Species and Synonyms. 2. Viperinae/Atractaspidinae - Kempton Park (Herprint Intemational), xxvi + 1-79, 101-181 ULBER, T.M. (Ed.)(1995): Catalogue of valid Species and Synonyms. 3. Elapinae - Kempton Park (Herprint International), xl + 1-274 WATERHOUSE, F.H. (1880): On the dates of Publication of the Parts of Sir Andrew Smith’s “Tllustrations of the Zoology of South Africa” - Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1880 (3): 489-491 WERMUTH, H. (1965): Liste der rezenten Amphibien und Reptilien. Gekkonidae, Pygopodidae, Xantusiidae - Das Tierreich, Berlin, 80: 1-248 WERMUTH, H. (1967): Liste der rezenten Amphibien und Reptilien. Agamidae - Das Tierreich, Berlin, 86: 1-127 Author’s address: P.O. Box 14241, Bredell 1623, South Africa, E-mail: herprint@global.co.za Cover design: T.M. Ulber. The cobra is based upon Smith’s plate 19. | sete nerna i Gan ee aes oop LA rie Base wie Acoeteestipeertirre a be 1%! , 7 * eee oben 22 crn eemenio mod bine mavens Wagons oth (OUR) er a AA cette d ctmtoras Ham mg eit ct 90, eertionin 4g ; i bfeene> |ceewr,, Metonia) Bereeking Some bic » : sndhegreny cr An ing Ag faa 'o Oe ine AAD RE Qo on? Rect cor peel, wpe gediedtins o's cid LVN) b a wae ul ae af Pe A er , Ws wets i> wince oath ween 0) AMALIA ed AAA TOR, aoa ? eeciesnaty 00th 1-4 plaundphplt 9 ve dtodd wet ape! nd MY AOD ROR APY ce tyke Ge. lib aid weld: mart gpl crea ot einant aaup ta? SPL, Untroh aHe'hie ast aya < no dowrinneoD aoigovenly. 12) ae dpe foe ea? Onl) oe drot« E sttabonn ce’ a q @ anté Keak BE eA ~euplres) cincqe cab aetiamurmesh ob el (6801) 6 STAM t C7 fo} fas 3a tie.) A von Sas 1 eat C a ete: . ~_ — LA BROYERAA : : inal ;* cea Se Set mien 7 ‘foal ie ay Ly ni olf rer Pa lalonads ven RON thay | El -> re 7 . es + i ear Ros mS 1. » oe sal ice he as a] e ry wr mg ac LOADLAY Rusene) (EMD A ogee thes OF Sonia ee Aes « fae wh Cap rove Soe CHIE O90 5 Ar aaumaba eT A ECC palsies meen re BIBLIOGRAPHY AND SCIENTIFIC NAME INDEX TO AMPHIBIANS AND REPTILES IN THE BULLETIN OF THE FLORIDA MUSEUM OF NATURAL . HISTORY, VOLUMES 1-39, 1945-1996 & THE PLASTER JACKET, NUMBERS 1-46, 1966-1984 UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA SNNTHSON Ae MAK 1 2 2003 W/BRARIES Ernest A. Liner Houma, Louisiana SMITHSONIAN HERPETOLOGICAL INFORMATION SERVICE NO. 121 1999 SMITHSONIAN HERPETOLOGICAL INFORMATION SERVICE The SHIS series publishes and distributes translations, bibliographies, indices, and similar items judged useful to individuals interested in the biology of amphibians and reptiles, but unlikely to be published in the normal technical journals. Single copies are distributed free to interested individuals. Libraries, herpetological associations, and research laboratories are invited to exchange their publications with the Division of Amphibians and Reptiles. We wish to encourage individuals to share their bibliographies, translations, etc. with other herpetologists through the SHIS series. If you have such items please contact George Zug for instructions on preparation and submission. Contributors receive 50 free copies. Please address all requests for copies and inquiries to George Zug, Division of Amphibians and Reptiles, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington DC 20560 USA. Please include a self-addressed mailing label with requests. i INTRODUCTION The following numbered alphabetical listing of these two publications by author (s) covers all the papers on amphibians and reptiles (or have a bearing) that have appeared in these publications whether primary or secondary. All junior authors are listed and referenced to the senior author. All articles with original names are preceded by an * (asterisk). The Bulletin was originally titled Bulletin of the Florida State Museum but in 1990 changed to its present title. The Plaster Jacket was a publication of the Florida Paleontological Society, Inc., Florida State Museum and ran for 46 numbers. It was replaced by Papers in Florida Paleontology which is not indexed here. All scientific names of amphibians and reptiles are listed alphabetically and referenced to the numbered article (s) they appear in. No names in bibliographies are listed. All original spellings are maintained. Subgenera are treated as genera. Names ending in i or ii, if both are used, is given with ii. All original names are boldfaced. The author wishes to thank C. Gans for originally suggesting these projects and for suggesting the addition of the scientific name index G. R. Zug and W. R. Heyer. D. L. Auth and C. Kenneth Dodd, Jr. supplied missing publications and other information. 2 BULLETIN OF THE FLORIDA MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY Auffenberg, Troy, see Auffenberg, Walter, 1988; 1989; 1990. Auffenberg, Walter. 1958. Fossil turtles of the genus Terrapene in Florida. 3:53-92. . 1963. Fossil testudinine turtle of Florida genera Geochelone and Floridemys. 7:53-97. es . 1966. The carpus of land tortoises (Testudininae). alo J West a ee t=————— - 1974. Checklist of fossil, land tortoises (Testudinidae) 2-182 120-254. Seas . 1976. The genus Gopherus (Testudinidae) Pt. 1. Osteology and relationships of extant species. 20:47-110. SESS . 1980. The herpetofauna of Komodo, with notes on adjacent areas. 25:39-156. Seas and Troy Auffenberg. 1988. Resource partitioning in a community of Philippine skinks (Sauria: Scincidae). 32: 5 2g —— and -----. 1989. Reproductive patterns in sympatric Philippine skinks (Sauria: Scincidae). 34:201-248. Saas and -----. 1990. The reptile tick Aponomma gervaisi (Acarina: Ixodidae) as a parasite of monitor lizards in Pakistan and India. 35:1-34. SSss= and Hafeezur Rehman. 1991. Studies on Pakistan reptiles. Pt. 1. The genus Echis (Viperidae). 35:263- 314. = and W. G. Weaver, Jr. 1969. Gopherus berlandieri in southeastern texas. 13:141-203. Auth, David L. 1975. Behavioral ecology of basking in the yellow-bellied turtle, Chrysemys scripta (Schoepff). 20: Aer Beck, William M., Jr. 1965. The streams of Florida. 10: Si 12.6 . Berry, Frederick H., see Caldwell, David K., Archie Carr, and Robert A. Rogatzkie, 1959. Brown, William S. 1974. Ecology of the aquatic box turtle, Terrapene coahuila (Chelonia, Emydidae), in northern Mexico. 19:1-67. Caldwell, David K. 1959. The Atlantic loggerhead sea turtle, Caretta caretta caretta (L.), in America. III. The loggerhead turtles of Cape Romain, South Carolina. 4;3319-348. ----- , Frederick H. Berry, Archie Carr, and Robert A. Rogatzkie. 1959. The Atlantic loggerhead sea turtle, Caretta caretta caretta (L.), in America. II. Multiple and group nesting by the Atlantic loggerhead turtle. 4: 309-318. -=-=— , Archie Carr, and others. 1959. The Atlantic Loggerhead sea turtle, Caretta caretta caretta (L.), in America: Coordinators preface. 4:293-294. 20/5 Bike PPD E Zi 24. 25% 26. Zils 28. Jae) & 3.0 sjils 32% 3 SS , Archie Carr, and Larry H. Ogren. 1959. The Atlantic loggerhead sea turtle, Caretta caretta caretta (L.), in America. I. Nesting and migration of the Atlantic loggerhead turtle. 4:295-308. Carey, W. Michael. 1975. The rock iguana, Cyclura pinguis, on Anegada, British Virgin Islands, with notes on Cyclura ricordi and Cyclura cornuta of Hispaniola. 19:189-234. Carr, Archie and John W. Crenshaw, Jr. 1957. A taxonomic reappraisal of the turtle Pseudemys alabamensis Baur. 2: 25-42. Carr, Archie, see Caldwell, David K., Frederick H. Berry, and Robert A. Rogotzkie, 1959; Caldwell,David K. and Larry He mOgmenya9'5 9): Christman, Steven P. 1974. Recent amphibians and reptiles. 2115-120. In: Catalogue of type specimens in the Department of Natural Sciences, Florida state Museum. (Carter R. Gilbert, ed.) 18:101-120. aaaloatameae . 1980. Patterns of geographic variation in Florida snakese pets 57-256. Crenshaw, John W., Jr., see Carr, Archie, 1957. Doddi7n€ sack apedr...1995.. The ecology \of ‘a-sandhidiis population of the eastern narrow-mouthed toad, Gastrophryne carolinensis, during a drought. 38 Pt. I (1):11-41. ==S-> , Kevin M. Enge, and James N. Stuart. 1988. Aspects of the biology of the flattened musk turtle, Sternotherus depressus, in northern Alabama. 34:1-64. == and R. Franz. 1995. Seasonal abundance and habitat use of selected snakes trapped in xeric and mesic communities of north-central Florida. 38 Pt. I (2):43-67. Duellman, William E. and Albert Schwartz. 1958. Amphibians and reptiles of southern Florida. 3:181-324. Eisenberg, John F. and Richard franz. 1995. Forward. In: The Katharine Ordway-Carl Swisher Memorial Sanctuary volume. Herpetology and mammalogy. 38 Pt. 1-2:i-iv. Enge, Kevin, see Dodd, C. Kenneth, Jr., and James N. Stuart, 1988. *Etheridge, Richard. 1964. Late Pleistocene lizards from Barbuda, British West Indies. 9:43-75. Franz, R. 1995. An introduction to the amphibians and reptiles of the Katharine Ordway Preserve-Swisher Memorial Sanctuany,«cutnam county, Florida.) ) 38ePthi=22 1510). EranzneR.), see, Dodd, 1Cuak., dren L095) Bisenbexg,, din. Ker IESISNS) Garner, James A., see Landers, J. Larry, and W. Alan McRae, LIS 2 Gilbert, Carter R., ed. 1974. Catalogue of type specimens in the Department of Natural Sciences, Florida State Museum. 18:101-120 Goin, Coleman J. 1960. Pattern variation in the frog Sai 34. 35) 36. Vile S8e 39%. 40. 41. 42. 43. 44. 45. 46. ate 48. 49. 4 Eleutherodactylus nubicola Dunn. 5:243-258. Grobman, Arnold B. 1984. Scutellation variation in Opheodrys aestivus. 29:153-170. Hahn, Donald E., see Wilson, Larry David, 1973. HaySmith, Leslie. 1995. Neotoma floridana floridana natural history, populations, and movements in north- central Florida. | 38=Pt.. 13 (8) 3211-2437 *Highton, Richard. 1956. Systematics and variation of the endemic Florida snake genus Stilosoma. 1:73-96. aa . 1962. Revision of North American salamanders of the genus Plethodon. 6:235-367. Hulbert, Richard C., Jr., see Morgan, Gary S., 1995 Humphrey, Stephen R., see Schnoes, Roger S., 1987. Iverson, John B. 1979. Behavior and ecology of the rock iguana Cyclura carinata. 24:175-358. Jackson, Dale R. 1988. Reproductive strategies of sympatric freshwater emydid turtles in northern peninsular Riomidasw 35/2 213—158.- Jones, Cheri A. 1995. Habitat use and home ranges of Podomys floridanus on the Ordway Preserve. 38 Pt. II (7) 2195-209. *King, Wayne. 1962. Systematics of Lesser Antillean lizards of the genus Sphaerodactylus. 7:1-52. WSSSSS and Fred G. Thompson. 1968. A review of the American lizards of the genus Xenosaurus Peters. 12:93- P23 )5 LaClaire, Linda V. 1995. Vegetation of selected upland temporary ponds in north and north-central Florida. 38 Pt. I (3):69-96. Landers, J. Larry, W. Alan McRae, and James A. Garner. 1982. Growth and maturity of the gopher tortoise in southwestern Georgia. 27:81-110. *McConkey, Edwin H. 1957. The subspecies Eumeces egregius, a lizard of the southeastern United States. 2:13-24. McRae, W. Alan, see Landers, J. Larry, and James A. Garner, ISH) = Means, D. Bruce. 1974. The status of Desmognathus brimleyorum Stejneger and an analysis of the genus Desmognathus (Amphibia: Urodela) in Florida. 18:1-100. *Meylan, Peter A. 1982. The squamate reptiles of the Inglis 1A Fauna (Irvingtonian: Citrus County, Florida). 272165). SSS . 1995. Pleistocene amphibians and reptiles from the Leisey Shell Pit, Hillsborough County, Florida. 37 Pt. I (9) :273-297. Milstead, William W. 1969. Studies on the evolution of box turtles (genus Terrapene). 14:1-113. Morgan, Gary S. and Richard C. Hulbert, Jr. 1995. Overview of the geology and vertebrate biochronology of the Leisey 50% bya c Bac B5}.5 54. 557. 56. Sis 58. 59% 60. 61. OZ. (SS}5 5 Shell Pit Local fauna, Hillsborough County, Florida. 37 Pier 41) sali 92,5 *Mount, Robert H. 1965. Variation and systematics of the scincoid lizard Eumeces egregius (Baird). 9:183-213. Myers, Charles W. 1965. Biology of the ringneck snake, Diadophis punctatus, in Florida. 10:43-90. =S555 - 1967. The pine woods snake, Rhadinaea flavilata (Cope) VEE y47=97/- Neill, Wilfred T. 1957. Historical biogeography of present-day Florida. 2:175-220. BSSSs= . 1965. New and noteworthy amphibians and reptiles fom British Honduras = 9): 77>13 0) Ogren, Larry H., see Caldwell, David K., and Archie Carr, 1959. Patton, Thomas H., see Webb, S. David, 1974. Pratt, Ann. 1990. Taphonomy of the large vertebrate fauna from the Thomas Farm locality (Miocene, Hemingfordian), Gilchrist (County, Floridascd735: 35-130. Pritchard, Peter C. H. 1969. Sea turtles of the Guianas. 13:85-140. Rehman, Hafeezur, see Auffenberg, Walter, 1991. Rogotzkie, Robert A., see Caldwell, David K., Frederick H. Berry, and Archie Carr, 1959. *Rossman, Douglas A. 1963. The colubrid snake genus Thamnophis: A revision of the sauritus group. 7:99-178. Schnoes, Roger S. and Stephen R. Humphrey. 1987. Terrestrial plant and wildlife communities on phosphate- mined lands in central Florida. 30:53-116. *Schwartz, Albert. 1959. Variation in lizards of the Leiocephalus cubensis complex in Cuba and the Islas de Pinos. 4:97-143. = . 1976. Variation and relationships of some Hispaniolan frogs (Leptodactylidae, Eleutherodactylus) of the ricordi group. 21:1-46. Schwartz, Albert, see Duellman, William E., 1958; Thomas, Richard, 1966. Shealy, Robert M. 1976. The natural history of the Alabama map turtle, Graptemys pulchra Baur, in Alabama. 21:47- iitake Smith, Lora L. 1995. Nesting ecology, female home range and activity, and population size-class structure of the gopher tortoise, Gopherus polyphemus, on the Katharine Ordway Preserve, Putnam County, Florida. 38 Pt I (4):87- 1267. Stuart, James N., see Dodd, Kenneth, Jr., and Kevin M. Enge, 1988. Taylor, Robert W., Jr. 1982. Human predation on the gopher tortoise Gopherus polyphemus in north-central Florida. 23:3 79-01. 64. G5). 66. 67. 68. (eye) = 70. dilie W7e Cate 74. 75K. T6:. 83. 84. 6 *Telford, Sam Roundtree, Jr. 1966. Variation among the® southeastern crowned snakes, genus Tantilla. 10:261-304. SSeS . 1988. A contribution to the systematics of the reptilian malaria parasites, family Plasmodiidae (Apicomplexa: Haeemospororina). 34:67-98. *Thomas, Richard and Albert Schwartz. 1966. Sphaerodactylus (Gekkonidae) in the greater Puerto Rico region. 10:193-260. Thompson, Fred G., see King, Wayne, 1968. Thorbjarnarson, John B. 1988. The status and ecology of the American crocodile in Haiti. 33:1-26. Tihen, J. A. 1958. Comments on the osteology and phylogeny of ambystomatid salamanders. 3:1-50. Timmerman, Walter W. Home range, habitat use, and behavior of the eastern diamondback rattlesnake (Crotalus adamanteus) on the Ordway Preserve. 38 Pt. I (5):127-158. Walker, Susan. 1995. Habitat use by raccoons (Procyon lotor) in a sandhill/wetland mosaic of north-central Erlortdas “SE "PE TL (9) 245-260 Weaver, W. G., Jr. 1965. The cranial anatomy of the hog- nosed snakes (Heterodon). 9:275-304. == S== - 1970. Courtship and combat behavior in Gopherus berlandieri. 15:1-43. Weaver, W. G., Jr. see Auffenberg, Walter, 1969. Webb, S. David and Thomas H. Patton. 1974. Fossil vertebrates. :105-107. In: Catalogue of type specimens in the Department of Natural Science, Florida State Museum. (Carter R. Gilbert, ed.). 18:101-120. Wharton, Charles H. 1969. The cottonmouth moccasin on Sea Horse Key, Florida. 14:227-272. Wilson, Larry David and Donald E. Hahn. 1973. The herpetofauna of the Islas de la Bahia, Honduras. 17:93- TSO Zug, George R. 1968. Geographic variation in Rhineura floridana (Reptilia: Amphisbaenidae). 12:185-211. THE PLASTER JACKET Auffenberg, Walter. 1967. The fossil snakes of Florida. (3):1-10. SS=S= ." 1967a. Fossil *crocodilIsians of Florida as i(3)\1—6- er - 1967b. What is a Plaster Jacket. (6):1-6. SSSS5 S) 1972. SFossit Sburciies. ae GL6)icl—10). Christman, Stephen P. 1974. The supposed giant extinct rattlesnake of Florida. (22):1-7. Converse, Howard H., Jr. A Pleistocene vertebrate fauna from Palm Beach County, Florida. (21):1-12. Meylan, Peter A. 1984. A history of fossil amphibians and reptiles in Florida. (44):1-25. Patton, Thomas H. and S. David Webb. 1970. Fossil 7 vertebrate deposits in Florida. (14):1-18. Webb, S. David, see Patton, Thomas H., 1970. 85. Wing, Elizabeth S. 1975. Prehistoric use of animal resources in Florida. (24):1-18. 8 SCIENTIFIC NAME INDEX A Amblyrhynchus cristatus 20, 207037. Abastor erythrogrammus 77. Amblystoma 68. Ablepharus boutonii burdeni 7. Ambystoma 83. Ablepharus boutonii renschi 7. Ambystoma amblycephalum 68. Achilemys allabiata 5. Ambystoma annulatum 68. Achrochordus granulatus Ambystoma bombypellum 68. granulatus 7. Ambystoma cingulatum 30, 51, Acinixys 4. 53. Acinixys planicauda 5. Ambystoma cingulatum bishopi Acris 83. 227 168 . Acris barbouri 73. Ambystoma cingulatum Acris crepitans 57. cingulatum 68. Aces Gnyltus eS, 52), 657). Ambystoma dumerili dumerili Acris gryllus crepitans 53. 68. Acris gryllus dorsalis 27, 30. Ambystoma dumerili Acris gryllus gryllus 53. queretarensis 68. Adelphicos quadrivirgatus Ambystoma erythronotum 36. visoninus 54. Ambystoma fluvinatum 68. Agama agama 20, 65. Ambystoma gracile decorticatum Agama mossambica 65. 68. Ancistrodon contortrix 77. Ambystoma gracile gracile 68. Agkistrodon 83. Ambystoma granulosum 68. Agkistrodon bilineatus Ambystoma hibbardi 68. bilineatus 54. Ambystoma jeffersonianum 36, Agkistrodon contortrix 53. 68. Agkistrodon mokeson Ambystoma kansense 68. laticinctus 74. Ambystoma lacustris 68. Agkistrodon piscivorus 30, 46, Ambystoma laterale 68. PN pee CO MG is ge ig Ag ie 3 Ambystoma lermanensis 68. Agkistrodon piscivorus conanti Ambystoma mabeei 68. 30. Ambystoma macrodactylum Agkistrodon piscivorus croceum 68. leucostoma 53, 74. Ambystoma macrodactylum Agkistrodon piscivorus macrodactylum 68. PLESELVOLUS: 27), 7/4. Ambystoma maculatum 53, 57, Agrione 5. 68. Agrionemys horsfieldi 5. Ambystoma mexicanus 68. Ahaetulla boiga intermedia 7. Ambystoma opacum 53, 68. Aldabrachelys 4. Ambystoma ordinarium 68. Aldabrachelys abrupta 5. Ambystoma rosaceum nigrum 68. Aldabrachelys gigantea gouffei Ambystoma rosaceum rosaceum 5 68. Aldabrachelys grandidieri 5. Ambystoma rosaceum sonoraensis Aldabrachelys sumeirei 5. 68. Alligator 46, 83, 84. Ambystoma schmidti 68. Alligator mississippiensis 27, Ambystoma subsalsum 68. 30) SS a47ire 49) ible OF) tO oy, Ambystoma subviolacea 68. ). Si Goole Ambystoma talpoideum 30, 68. Alligator olseni 55, 78. Ambystoma texanum 57, 68. Alsophis cantherigerus 20. Ambystoma tigrinum 30. Alsophis portoricensis Ambystoma tigrinum anegadae 20. californiense 68. Ambystoma tigrinum diaboli 68. Ambystoma tigrinum mavortium 68. Ambystoma tigrinum melanostictum 68. Ambystoma tigrinum nebulosum 68. Ambystoma tigrinum stebbinsi 68. Ambystoma tigrinum tigrinum 68. Ambystoma tigrinum velasci 68. Ambystoma vehiculum 36. Ambystomichnus montaneusis 68. Ameiva 46. Ameiva ameiva 27, 53, 65. Ameiva auber salulicolor 22. Ameiva chrysolaema boekeri 60. Ameiva chrysolaema procax 60. Ameiva exsul 20. Ameiva griswoldi 29. Ameiva lineolata 60 Ameiva taeniura aequorea 22. Ameiva taeniura regnatrix 22. Ameiva taeniura vulcanalis 22. Ameiva undulata 75. Ameiva undulata edwardsi 54. Ameiva undulata gaigeae 54. Ameiva undulata hartwegi 54. Amphisbaena fenestrata 60. Amphisbaena innocens gonavensis 22. Amphiuma 47. Amphiuma means 2, 30, 82. Amphiuma means means 27. Amphiuma pholeter 22. Anchrochordis granulatus 7. Aneides 36. Aneides aeneus 51. Anilioides 46, 83. Anilioides minuatus 73, 77. Anilius 83. Anilius scytale 51. Anniella 46. Anolis acutus 37. Anolis agassizi 29. Anolis allisoni 54, 75. ANnoldiswalternt22)," 29r Anolis armouri 65. Anolis auratus 65. Anolis bimaculatus bimaculatus 2S) c Anolis bimaculatus leachii 29. Anolis biporcatus 54, 65. Anolis bonairensis 29. Anolis capito 54, 65. Anolis carolinensis 29, 37, 46) 5 5 2p15S706S e741 Sy Sei. Anolis carolinensis carolinensis 27, 30. Anolis conspersus 65. Anolis cortezi 54. Anolis cristatellus 29. Anolis cristatellus wileyae PANE Anolis cuvierii 29. Anolis cybotes 29, 65. Anolis distichus 53, 65. Anolis distichus dapsilis 22. Anolis distichus distichus 27. Anolis distichus distichoides Qiks Anolis distichus flavillarus PERE Anolis distichus floridanus 2a Anolis distichus ignigularis 60. Anolis distichus ravitergum DOP (0) = Anolis distichus suppar 22. Anolis distichus vinosus 22. Anolis ‘equestrils! 2717629)4 53). Anolis evermanni 29. Anolis foresti 29. Anolis frenatus 65. Anolis garmani 29, 37, 65. Anolis grahami 65. Anolis gundlachi 29. Anolis humilis uniformis 54. Anolis intermedius 54. ANnOLS kesugiel2 9765 - Anolis laeviventris 54. Anolis lemurinus 65. Anolis lemurinus bourgeaei 54, Use Anolis lemurinus lemurinus 75. Anolis limifrons 65. Anolis limifrons rodriquezi 54. Anolis lineatopus 65. Anolis lionotus 65. Anolis marmoratus caryae 22. Anolis marmoratus chrysops 22. Anolis marmoratus girafus 22. Anolis marmoratus kahouenensis OD Anolis marmoratus setosus 22. Anolis nannodes 54. Anolis nebulosus 20. oculatus cabritensis montanus 22. oculatus winstoni 22. opalinus 65. pentaprion 65. pentaprion beckeri 54. poecilopus 65. poncensis 29. porcatus 75. pulchellus 20, richardi’ 29. BiCordia 29; rooscelti 60. roquet 29. sagrei 65. sagrei mayensis 54, sagrei ordinatus 27, oculatus Anolis Anolis Anolis Anolis Anolis Anolis Anolis Anolis Anolis Anolis eye Anolis 54. Anolis Anolis Anolis Anolis Anolis Anolis Anolis Anolis 29%, (6 5\- Tain sagrei sagrei 27, 53, stejnegeri 27. Si. sagrei scriptus 29, sericeus 75. sericeus sericeus 54. shrevei 29. stejnegeri 27. stuarti 54. trinitatus 29. Anolis tropidonotus 65, Anolis tropidonotus tropidonotus 54. Anolis ustus 54. Anolis wattsi 29. Apalone ferox 30, 47, Apalone mutica 25, 47. Apalone spinifera 47. Archaeochelys pougeti 5. Aristelliger 29. Aristelliger georgeensis georgeensis 54. Arizona elegans 46. Arrhyton 46. Asterochelys 4. Asterochelys yniphora 5. Asterophrys 32. Axolotes guttata 68. 7 Ste 49. B Basiliscus basiliscus 65, 75. Basiliscus plumifrons 75. Basiliscus vittatus 20, 54, 75h Batagur baska 25. 10 Bathysiredon dumerili dumerili 68. Bathysiredon dumerili queretarensis 68. Batrachoseps wrighti 36. Batrachosauroides 83. Batrachuperus pinchoni 68. Bellemys 5. Boa 40. Boa, constrictor, 75s Boa constrictor imperator 54. Boiga cynodon 7. Bolitoglossa mexicana mexicana 54. Bombinator baleata 7. Bothrops 40, 71. Bothrops atrox asper 54. Bothrops nasutus 54. Bothrops nummifer affinis 54. Bothrops nummufer nummifer 54. Bothrops schlegeli 54. Bothrops yucatanicus 54. Brachylophus fasciatus 37. Brachymeles boulengeri boulengeri 8, 9. Brachymeles samarensis 8, 9. Bufo biporcatus 7. Bufo guntheri 67. Bufo marinus 27, 53, 54, 67. BuLonquencieuseZ 7s On 52/5 153, Wie Bufo terrestris 30, 46, 47, 49, Sil; 53) ST, a Bufo terrestris terrestris 27, Fok Bufo tiheni 73, 83. Bufo valliceps valliceps 54. Bufo woodhousei 57, 83. Bufo woodhousei fowleri 53. Bysmachelys canyonensis 5. ByStra Mana 3, 5). c Caiman crocodilus 67. Calamagras 46, 83. Calamagras floridanum 77. Calamagras floridanus 73. Calamaria 51. Calamaria dumerilli 52. Calamita cinereus 27. Callixalus pictus 22. Callophis trimaculatus 51. Callula baleata 7. Calotes marmoratus 8. if Calotes versicolor 10. Camarataxis maculatum 68. Caretta 38, 80. Caretta caretta 5, 27, 47, 49, 56 Caretta caretta caretta 16, 7], abtey ALS), ec Carphophis 52. Carphophis amoenus 46, 77, 83. Carteremys leithii 5. Caryoderma snoviana 5. Caudochelys 3, 83. Caudochelys annae 5. Caudochelys arenivaga 3. Caudochelys brontops 5. Caudochelys crassiscutata 3, Cha ve Caudochelys Caudochelys Caudochelys Caudochelys Caudochelys Caudochelys Caudochelys Caudochelys Caudochelys Causus 71. Cautleya annuliger 5. Celestus 29. Celestus rozellae 54. Cemophora 77. Cemophora coccinea 26, 27, 46, BA, esc Cemophora coccinea coccinea 23),+130) Cemophora coccinea copei 23. Centrochelys 5. Centrolenella fleischmanni 75. Ceratophrys 45. Cerberus rhynchops australis ie Cerberus rhynchops microlepsis We Cerberus rhynchops novaeguineae 7. Cerberus rynchops rynchops 7. Chamaeleo brevicornis 65. Chamaeleo parsoni crucifer 65. Chamaeleo tenuis 65. Chamaeleo werneri 65. Charactosuchus 78, 84. Charina bottae 51. Cheirogaster arrahonensis 5. Cheirogastor maurini 5. Chelodina expansa 38. ducatelli 5. francisi 5. hays? 375% laticaudata 3. Lbigonia 3: milleri 5. rexroadensis 3. tedwhitei 3, 5. williamsi 5. Chelodina longicollis 13, 38. Chelone agassizii 7. Chelonia 80. Chelonia corticata 56. Chelonia depressa 38. Chelonia imbricata 56. Chelonia mydas 5, 27, 49, 56, 61. Chelonia mydas carrinegra 22. Chelonia mydas japonica 5, 7. Chelonia mydas mydas 17, 18, 54. Chelonia (5) ¢ Chelonoides 3, 4. Chelonoides chilensis 5. Chelonoides cubensis 5. Chelonoides elata 5. Chelonoides gallardoi 5. Chelonoides gringorum 5. Chelonoides sombrerensis 5. Chelus fimbriatus 5. Chelydra 56, 61. Chelydra osceola 27. Chelydra serpentina 5, 13, 38, 43, 47), 49), 80), (83),85- Chelydra serpentina osceola DI, Koy BSc Chersina angulata 5. Chersine 5. Chersine angulata 4, 72. Chersine marginata 5. Chersine marginatus 5. Chersine retusa 5. Chersinella graeca 5. Chersis marmorum 5. Chersobius signata 5. Chersus iberus 5. Chersydrus granulatus 7. Chondrotus ensatus 68. Chondrotus microstomum 68. Chondrotus tenebrosus 68. Chrysemys 4, 56. Chrysemys carri 73, 80. Chrysemys caelata 80. Chrysemys concinna 5, Chrysemys floridana 80, Chrysemys floridana peninsularis 13, 22. Chrysemys floridana suwanniensis 22. Chrysemys inflata 73, 80. Chrysemys nelsoni 13, 22, 80, 82. Chrysemys ornata 75. 387047, onychochelys kraussi 80. 82. Chrysemys picta 13, 15, 25, 38), 437 S35) Sle cOr Chrysemys platymarginata 73, 80. Chrysemys scripta 5, 12, 80. Chrysemys scripta elegans 13. Chrysemys scripta petrolei 82. Chrysemys scripta scripta 13. Chrysemys scripta troosti 72. Chrysemys terrapin 5. Chrysemys williamsi 73, 80. Chrysobatrachus eupreonitens Zar. ecinicys! 5. Cinixys couzieri 5. Cinosternon baurii 27. Cinothorax 5. Cistudo carolina mexicana 48. Cistudo major 48. Cistudo marnocki 48. Cistudo mexicana 48. Cistudo ornata 48. Cistudo pyrypygoa 48. Cistudo triunguis 48. Cistudo virginea 48. Cistudo yucatana 48. Claudius angustatus 54. Clelia clelia 54. Clemmys 83. Clemmys bravardi 5. Clemmys caspica 15. Clemmys guttata 15, 30, 48, 53), 80% Clemmys insculpta 48. Clemmys marmorata 13, 25, 48. Clemmys muhlenbergi 15, 48. Clemmys steinheimensis 5. Clemmys vidali 5. Cnemaspis africana 65. Cnemidophorus 20. Cnemidophorus angusticeps petenensis 54. Cnemidophorus lemniscatus lemniscatus 75 Cnemidophorus lemniscatus ruatanus 75. Cnemidophorus sexlineatus 46, SS, Gis) Cnemidophorus sexlineatus sexlineatus 27, 30. Cnemidophorus tigris 37. Coleodactylus 40. Coleonyx elegans elegans 54. Coleonyx mitratus 54. Colossochelys atlas 5. Colossoemys macrococcygean@ 5. Colmberg 4775 497554; 72,6 83. Coluber constrictor. 156 26,. 51, AG Si2i 01647 Ll Tip Sis. Coluber constrictor constrictor,23: Coluber constrictor flaviventris 23. Coluber constrictor haasti 27. Coluber constrictor helvigularis) 227823; 453: Coluber constrictor oaxaca 23. Coluber constrictor paludicola 22° 235 206 Coluber constrictor priapus 29) 207 8 Si Coluber fulvius 27. Coluber guttata rosacea 27. Coluber guttatus 27. Coluber ordinatus 23. Coluber plioagellus 46. Coluber proximus 57. Coluber quadrivittatus 27. Coluber rosaceus 27. Coluber saurita 57. Coluber sirtalis 57. Coluber subradiatus 7. Coniophanes bipunctatus bipunctatus 54, 75. Coniophanes bipunctatus biseriatus 75. Coniophanes fissidens fissidens 54. Coniophanes imperialis clavatus 54. Coniophanes schmidti 54. Conolophus pallidus 20, 29, S77 Conolophus subcristatus 20, S75 Conophis 46. Conophis lineatus concolor 54. Conopsis lineatus dunni 54. Constrictor 71. Constrictor constrictor 40. Constrictor constrictor imperator 75. Cordylus cordylus tropidosternum 65. Cordylus vittifer 65. Corytophanes cristatus 54. Corythophanes hernandesii 54. Cosymbotus platyurus 7, 40. Coura amboinensis 48. Coura trifasciata 48. als) Cricosaura 83. Crocodilus acutus 83. Crocodylus acutus 27, Be Op Sp | 7c Crocodylus intermedius 40. Crocodylus johnsoni 67. Crocodylus moreleti 67. Crocodylus moreleti barnumbrowni 54. Crocodylus niloticus 67. Crocodylus novaeguineae 67. Crocodylus palustris 67. Crocodylus porosus 7, 67. Crotalus) S27esie Crotalus adamanteus 23, 27, 30,°34, 46, 47, 49, Vik, Utp wat 32 47, 53, 26, 69, Crotalus Crotalus Crotalus Crotalus Crotalus atrax 81. atrox 23, 46. durissus 81. durissus tzabcan 54. giganteus 77, 81. Cryptoblepharus boutonii virgatus 7. Cryptoblepharus littoralis 7. Cryptoblepharus renschi 7. Crytodactylus darmandrillei 7. Crytodactylus laevigatus laevigatus 7. Crytodactylus laevigatus uniformis 7. Ctenoblepharis 29. Ctenosaura 83. Ctenosaura acanthura 37. Ctenosaura bakeri 75. Ctenosaura hemilopha 29, 37. Ctenosaura palaeris 75. Ctenosaura pectinata 20, 29, SV7/c Ctenosaura 5% Ctenosaura Cuora 48. Cyclemmys dentata 48. simiulrs) 20), 29), Sita, similis similis 54. Crotalus horridus 30, 46, TARAS se Crotalus viridis, 1- Crotalus viridis oreganus 74. Crotaphytus collaris 46. Crotaphytus wislizeni 37. Cryptoblepharis boutonii burdeni 7. Cryptoblepharis Cryptoblepharis renschi 7. Cryptoblepharis balinensis 7. Cryptoblepharus bitaeniatus 7. Cryptoblepharus CurSorAaye Cryptoblepharus intermedius 7. Cryptoblepharus boutonii keiensis 7. Cryptoblepharus boutonii leschenault 7. Cryptoblepharus boutonii liktoralzsn7é Cryptoblepharus boutonii poecilopleurus 7. Cryptoblepharus boutonii renschi 7. Cryptoblepharus boutonii schlegelianus 7. Cryptoblepharus boutonii Sumbowanus 7. 537, burdeni 7. boutonii boutonii boutonii boutonii boutonii Cyclura Cyclura Cyclura Sir Cyclura Cyclura Cyclura Cyclura Cyclura Cyclura Cyclura Cyclura Cyclura Cyclura 20% Cyclura Cyclura Cyclura Cyclura Cyclura Cyclura Cyclura Cyclura Cyclura 67. Cyclura Cyclura Cylindraspis Cylindraspis Cylindraspis Cylindraspis Cylindrophis Cylindrophis 83. baeolopha 20. Carinata bartschi 20, carinata carinata 37. Collen 2.0) msi - Conrnutral2 07 929),) 67. cornuta stejnegeri 37. cychlura 37. figginsi-= 20,29. inornata 20. lophoma 20. maclaeyi 29. macleayi caymanensis macleayi lewisi 20. macleayi macleayi 20. mattea 20, 29. nigerrima 20. nubila,s7. nuchalis 20. pinguis: 20,29; 37. portoricensis 20, 29. igalerepetolh AO) BS) 7 Sey rileyii 20, 377 stejnegeri 20. grayi)5.. indzca: 5~ peltastes 5. vosmaeri 5. 33) 5 apisthorhodus 7. Cylindrophis rufus 51. Cylindrosoma glutinosum 36. Cymotholcus longus 3. Cymotholcus schucherti 3. Cymatholcus longus 5. Cymatholcus schucherti 5. Cyrtodactylus marmoratus 7. Cyrtodactylus monarchus 8. D Dasia grisia 8, 9. Dasypeltis 71. Dehmiella 68. Deirochelys 48. Deirochelys carri 38, 83. Deirochelys reticularia 47, el Deirochelys reticularia chryseal 22, 27, 30), “38 Deirochelys reticularia reticularia 38. Deirochelys reticulata 80. Dendrelaphis pictus intermedius 7. Dendroelaphis pictus inornatus Ts Dendrophis pictus intermedius 7. Dermatemys mawei 54. Dermochelys coriacea 27, 56. Dermochelys coriacea coriacea 19), (94. Desmiostoma maculatum 68. Desmognathus aeneus 45. Desmognathus auriculatus 22, SOF 45% Desmognathus Desmognathus 45. Desmognathus Desmognathus fuscus auriculatus 45, 53. Desmognathus fuscus brimleyorum 45, 53. Desmognathus fuscus carolinensis 45. Desmognathus fuscus 45), ©5S)s Desmognathus fuscus 45, 52. Desmognathus fuscus 3)3)5 Desmognathus fuscus 45. brimleyorum 45. fusca auriculata fuscus 36. Carcri*22, conanti fuscus 45, imitator 14 Desmognathus fuscus ocoee 45. Desmognathus fuscus ochrophaeus 45. Desmognathus fuscus perlapsus 45. Desmognathus 45. Desmognathus 45. Desmognathus Desmognathus Bilis Desmognathus Desmognathus 45. Desmognathus wrighti 45. Diadophis amabilis 51. Diadophis elinorae 46, Tine Ose Diadophis Sam ars Diadophis oy Be Diadophis Sr. Diadophis Sills Diadophis 217 sO ea Diadophis punctatus stictogenys 51. Diadophis regalis 51. Dibamus novaeguineae 7. Dicamptodon ensatus 68. Diemictylus perstriatus Diemictylus viridescens Diemictylus viridescens evergladensis 27. Diemictylus viridescens louisianensis 53. Diemictylus viridescens plaropicola277./53* Diemictylus viridescens viridescens 53. Diploglossus stenurus rugosus 60. Diploglossus stenurus weinlandi 60. Dipsadomorphus cynodon 7. Dipsas brevifacies 54. Dipsas cynodon 7. Dipsosaurus dorsalis 20, Draco maculata 65. Draco reticularis 7. Draco reticulatus 7. fuscus planiceps fuscus welteri monticola 45. ochrophaeus 45, ocoee 45. quadramaculatus Sai.73y punctatus 26, 46, punctatus arnyi 23, punctatus docilis punctatus edwardsii punctatus punctatus ENE Bis 37% timorensis 7. volans 8. Draco volans reticulatus 7. Draco volans volans 7. Dromicus callilaemus 52. Dromicus flavilatus 52. Dromicus perfuscus 40. Dryadophis laevis 54. Dryadophis melanolomus Dryadophis melanolomus alternatus 54. Dryadophis melanolomus 54. Dryadophis melanolomus melanolomus 54. Dryinoides 83. Dryinoides oxyrachis 46. Drymarchon corais 12, 26, OT Wein Sil aie tee Drymarchon corais corais 51. Drymarchon corais couperi 27, Draco Draco USS laevis 46, B30 - Sti, Op sic Drymarchon corais melanurus SaxvI5e Drymarchon corais rubidus 75. Drymobius margaritiferus 75. Drymobius margaritiferus margaritiferus 54. E astolae 11. carinatus 11. multisquamatus carinatus Carinatus carinatus carinatus carinatus pyramidium 11. sinhalensis carinatum sochureki 11. multisquamatus 11. sochureki astolae 11. Echis sochureki sochureki 11. Egernia cunninghami 65. Egernia whitei 65. Elaphe 71, 81. Elaphe buisi 46. Elaphe flavirufa flavirufa flavirufa flavirufa 75. matudai 75. pardalina 54, flavirufa flavirufa phaescens 75. polysticha guttata 26, 53, Of, Ui, 4k, 83s 46), 5S, a) Elaphe guttata emoryi 23. Elaphe guttata guttata 23, 30, 54. Elaphe kansensis 46. Elaphe obsoleta 26, A ae See ONlSy ea lilies Elaphe obsoleta deckerti 23. Elaphe obsoleta lindheimeri PIES Elaphe obsoleta obsoleta 23. Elaphe obsoleta quadrivittata 2312 TF MSOF NGS: Elaphe obsoleta rossalleni 22, Ziday 34, 46; PS) VT Elaphe obsoleta spiloides 23, 5356 Elaphe obsoleta williamsi 23, SSie Elaphe quadrivittata deckerti Zl. Elaphe subradiata subradiata We Elaphe subradiatus 7. Elaphe triaspis triaspis 54. Elaphe vulpina 46. Elaps ruatanus 75. Elephantopus 5. Eleutherodactylus Eleutherodactylus Eleutherodactylus Eleutherodactylus Eleutherodactylus Eleutherodactylus Eleutherodactylus 32% Eleutherodactylus 326 Eleutherodactylus Eleutherodactylus Eleutherodactylus Sq abbotti 32. albipes 32. alcoae 60. ailtalcollal 32). andrewsi 32. antillensis armstrongi atkinsi 32. audanti 32. auriculatoides 32. Eleutherodactylus 60. Eleutherodactylus Eleutherodactylus Eleutherodactylus hemivota 22. Eleutherodactylus 73 Eleutherodactylus 32 Eleutherodactylus 60. Eleutherodactylus auriculatus avocalis 32. bakeri 32. bakeri barbudensis bogotensis bresslerae COqguisy22 « Eleutherodactylus 60. Eleutherodactylus Eleutherodactylus 22% Eleutherodactylus 22% Eleutherodactylus Eleutherodactylus Eleutherodactylus 32. Eleutherodactylus 60). Eleutherodactylus 32x Eleutherodactylus Eleutherodactylus 32. Eleutherodactylus Eleutherodactylus Eleutherodactylus weinlandi 60. Eleutherodactylus Eleutherodactylus Eleutherodactylus 60. Eleutherodactylus 32) Eleutherodactylus Eleutherodactylus 32). Eleutherodactylus Eleutherodactylus 60. Eleutherodactylus 32: Eleutherodactylus apantheatus 60. Eleutherodactylus eremus 60. Eleutherodactylus pictissimus 60. Eleutherodactylus Eleutherodactylus 58. Eleutherodactylus planirostris 30. Eleutherodactylus 32. Eleutherodactylus 16 ecnundalilis 32), cuneatus 32. dimidiatus furcyensis gollmeri 54. gossei 32. gundlachi inoptatus intermedius qunore 32. lanciformis laticeps 54. lentus 32. lentus matudai 32. monensis 60. nubicola 32, ockendeni orcutti 32. orientalis pantoni 32. patrociae pictissimus pictissimus pictissimus pictissimus pinchoni 22. planirostris planirostris polytychus portoricensis 32. Eleutherodactylus 60. Eleutherodactylus Eleutherodactylus probolaeus ranoides 54. rhodophis 32 abide Eleutherodactylus 32),602 Eleutherodactylus 60. Eleutherodactylus planiroeskratsr2 i, Eleutherodactylus Gi CORA 782): Eleutherodactylus 54. Eleutherodactylus > richmondi Bicorcdis 52), ricordi SA Sek ricordi rostralis rufifemoralis 32. Eleutherodactylus Ths Eleutherodactylus rugulosus 54. Eleutherodactylus 54. Eleutherodactylus Eleutherodactylus thomasi 60. Eleutherodactylus rugulosus rugulosus sandersoni stantoni 54. thomasi thomasi trinidadensis 60. Eleutherodactylus zayasi 60. Eleutherodactylus 326 Eleutherodactylus euphronides 22 Eleutherodactylus shrevei 22. Eleutherodactylus Eleutherodactylus chersonesodes 60 Eleutherodactylus paralius 60. Eleutherodactylus weinlandi 60. Eleutherodactylus 32. Emoia atrocostata Emoia cyanura 9. thomasi turquinensis urichi urichi Warreni 60. weinlandi weinlandi weinlandi wienlandi Byer Emoia similis padariensis 7. Emoia werneri 9. Emydoidea 48. Emydoidea blandingi 25. Emydura macquarii Emys blandingi 5, Emys canstadiensis Emys carteri 5. Emys comptoni 5. Emys culbertsonii Emys dumeriliana 5 Emys gaudini 5. Sy Side iS). 5. S1- iL) Emys Emys Emys Emys Emys Emys Emys Emys Emys Emys Emys gigantea 5. hemispherica 5. kinosternoides 48. lata 5. mellingi 5. nebrascensis 5. orbicularis 5, oweni 5. schneideri 48. scutella 5. sombrerensis 5. Emys striata 5. Emys turgida 5. Ensatina 36. Enulius flavitorques 75. Enulius oligostichus 75. Enulius sclateri 75. Enyaliosaurus clarki 37. Enyaliosaurus palearis 75. Enyaliosaurus quinquecarinatus Sirs Epicrates 77, 83. Epicrates chrysogaster chrysogaster 37. Eretmochelys 47. 48. Eretmochelys imbricata 27, 56. Eretmochelys imbricata imbricata 19, 54. Eretmochelys imbricata Squamosa 7. Eryops 4. Eryx braminus 7. Eumeces anthracinus 46. Eumeces carri 46. Eumeces egregius 23, 46, 51, S2r Eumeces egregius egregius 27, 44, 50, 64. Eumeces egregius insularis 22, 50. Eumeces egregius lividus 22, 50, 76. Eumeces egregius onocrepis 27, SOF 447, S50 53), 64. Eumeces egregius similis 22, Ce SO} aE Sia syle Eumeces fasciata 30. Eumeces fasciatus 20, 46, 53, Very t3Sic Eumeces inexpectatus 27, 30, 2eyreaisaneseant74, se: Eumeces laticeps 8, 27, 30, Ss Eumeces onocrepis 50. Eumeces schwartzei 54. Eumeces sumichrasti 54. Eunectes 71. Eupachemys obtusa 5. Eupachemys obtusus 3. Eupachemys rugosus 5. Eurycea aquatica 22. Eurycea bislineata 36, 45, 51. Eurycea longicauda guttolineata 53. Eurycea multiplicata 36. Eurycea quadridigitata 30. Eutaenia faireyi 57. Eutaenia proxima 57. Eutaenia rutiloris 57. Eutaenia sackenii 57. Eutaenia saurita 57. Eutainia faireyi 57. Eutainia proxima 57. Eutainia rutilorus 57. Eutainia saurita faireyi 57. Eutainia saurita proxima 57. Exiliboa 47. F Farancia 47, 49, 81, 83. Farancia abacura 26, 46, 51, MPAESZ: Farancia abacura abacura 27, SiO) Farancia abacura reinwardti B)S}c Farancia erytrogramma 30, Farancia erythrogramma seminola 22. Ficimia publia publia 54. Ficimia publia taylori 54. Ficimia publia wolffsohni 54. Floridemys 46, 83. Floridemys nana 5. Floridemys nanus 3, 5, 80. 46. G Gastrophryne 30. Gastrophryne carolinensis 24, BHO) Bile A, sic Gastrophryne carolinensis carolinensis 27. Gastrophryne olivacea 24, 27, 52 Gavialis gangeticus 78. Gavialosuchus americanus 78, (353 G Gecko verticillatus 7. Gehyra mutila 7. Gehyra mutilata 7, 40. Gekko gecko gecko 7. Geochelone Geochelone Geochelone Geochelone Geochelone Geochelone Geochelone Geochelone Geochelone Geochelone Geochelone Geochelone Geochelone Geochelone Geochelone Geochelone Geochelone EPA AB Fie & Geochelone Geochelone Geochelone Geochelone Geochelone Geochelone Geochelone Geochelone 80, 82, Geochelone Geochelone Geochelone Gye Vac Geochelone Geochelone Geochelone Geochelone 2h. Geochelone Geochelone DOr) Ware Geochelone Geochelone Geochelone Geochelone Geochelone Geochelone Geochelone Geochelone Geochelone Geochelone Geochelone Geochelone Geochelone 40, 48. abrupta 5. aliens) 35/0873) amberiacensis 5. ammon 5. amphithorax 3, 5. angusticeps 3, 5. annae 3, 5. arenivaga 3, 5. atlasw5 fou: beadnelli 5. bessarabica 5. bolivari 5. brontops 3, 5. burchardi 5. campester 5. Carbonaria 4, 5, cautleyi 5. chaileoti 5. chilensis 5. chiliensis 4. corsoni 5. costaricensis 5. crassa 5. crassiscutata 3, 5, 83. cubensis 5. eulpratalirs, 7:5. denticulata 4, 5, discEanses,,5< ducatellicsy 5S. elata 5. elegans 4, 5, 47, elephantina 5, 25. elephantopus 4, 5, elongata 5. emys 4, 5. equicomes 3, 5. exornata 3, 5. Pan- ii, Si forsteni 5. £raNnciSIaspeS. gadowi 5. gallardoi 5. gigantea 4, 43. gigantea gouffei 5. gilbert: 13)! «5k gilmorei 5. 18 Geochelone Geochelone Geochelone Geochelone Geochelone Geochelone Geochelone Geochelone Geochelone Geochelone Geochelone Geochelone Geochelone Geochelone Geochelone Geochelone Geochelone Geochelone Geochelone Geochelone Geochelone Geochelone Geochelone Geochelone Geochelone Geochelone We Geochelone Geochelone Geochelone Geochelone Geochelone Geochelone Geochelone Geochelone Geochelone Geochelone Geochelone Geochelone Geochelone Geochelone grandidieri 4, 6. graeca 5. grandis 5. grayise 5: gringorum 5. gymnesica 5. hesterna 5. hipparionum 5. impensa 3, 4, 5. impressa 5. INC USahs 165); indica 5. insolitus 5. inusitata 5. LSS) 45 - hayas 37205), (83% johnstoni 3, 5. kaiseni 5. kaisini 25: kalganensis 3, 5. khetpaanaysys 5. larteti 5. laticaudata 3, 5. 1A Gonnaigs) 365) longus 5. louisekressmani 3, 83. luciae 3, 5. majuscula 5. margae 5. meshetica 5. milleri 5. monensis 5. namaquensis 5. nana 5. niobrarensis 5. obs Linsis 5). ocalana 3. oculifera 72. orthopygia orthopygia orthopygia 5. Geochelone Geochelone Geochelone Geochelone 3) = Geochelone I Geochelone Geochelone Geochelone osborniana oskarkuhni 5. pardalis 4, 38, 72. pardalis babcocki pardalis pardalis peltastes 5. peragrans 3, 5. perpiniana leberonensis 5. Geochelone perpiniana perpiniana 5. Geochelone phosphoritarum 5. Gopher chilensis 5. Geochelone picteti 5. Gopherus 40, 83. Geochelone platynota 5. Gopherus agassizii 4, 5, 6, Geochelone primaeva 3, 5. a Cine Oe ne a/c Geochelone punjabiensis 5. Gopherus atascosae 5. Geochelone pyrenaica 5. Gopherus berlandieri 4, 5, 6, Geochelone quadrata 3, 5. 2s 5 43 pes Sin wii2:. Geochelone radiata 4, 5. Gopherus brattstromi 5. Geochelone rexroadensis 3, 5. Gopherus brevisterna 5. Geochelone richardi 5. Gopherus brevisternus 5. Geochelone riggsi 3, 5. Gopherus campester 5. Geochelone robusta 5. Gopherus canyonensis 5. Geochelone schafferi 5. Gopherus carolinus 5. Geochelone schucherti 5. Gopherus copei 3, 5. Geochelone sellardsi 3, 5. Gopherus dehiscus 5. Geochelone sellowi 5. Gopherus depressus 5. Geochelone shaerica 5. Gopherus edae 5. Geochelone sloanei 5. Gopherus emilae 3. Geochelone sombrerensis 5. Gopherus emeliae 5. Geochelone sulcata 4, 5. Gopherus flavomarginatus 4, 5, Geochelone sumeirei 5. 67 b2 7 u43 5 a2e Geochelone tarakliensis 5. Gopherus hayi 3, 5. Geochelone tedwhitei 3, 5, 55, Gopherus hexagonata 83 Gopherus hexafonatus 5. Geochelone thompsoni 3, 5. Gopherus holandi 5. Geochelone travancorica 4, 5, Gopherus huecoensis 5. Wy. Gopherus incisa 3, 5. Geochelone tumida 5. Gopherus inusitata 5. Geochelone turgae 5. Gopherus kalganensis 5. Geochelone turgida 3, 5. Gopherus laticaudatus 5. Geochelone uintensis 3. Gopherus laticunea 5. Geochelone undabuna 5. Gopherus laticunae 6. Geochelone undata 3, 5. Gopherus laticuneus 5. Geochelone ulanensis 5. Gopherus mohavense 5. Geochelone utahensis 5. Gopherus mohavetus 5. Geochelone vaga 5. Gopherus neglectus 5. Geochelone vitodurana 5. Gopherus ocalana 3, 5. Geochelone vosmaeri 5. Gopherus pansa 5. Geochelone williamsi 5. Gopherus pansus 5. Geochelone wilsoni 3, 5. Gopherus pertenuis 5. Geochelone xeocaenica 5. Gopherus polyphemus 3, 4, 6, Geochelone yniphora 5. 12 B27 28 SOM Wai Sor ele Sa, Geochelone yunnanensis 5. A 24,9) ely SS B58), OZ iOS Geoemyda areolata 54. So, WOR 7a. Wes hole Geoemyda punctularia 5. Gopherus polyphemus agassizii Geoemyda spinosa 5. Be Geringophis 47. Gopherus polyphemus Gerrhonotus 83. flavomarginatus 5. Gerrhonotus multicarinatus 46. Gopherus polyphemus polyphemus Gonatodes 40. 5 Gonatodes fuscus 27, 53, 65. Gopherus praecedens 5. Gonatodes taniae 65. Gopherus praeextans 5, 6. Goniocephalus sophiae 8. Gopherus ruggsi 5. Goniochersus 5. Gopherus turgida 5. Gopher 5. Gopherus undabuna 5. Gopherus undabunus 5. Gopherus vaga 5. Graptemys Graptemys 80, 83. Graptemys Graptemys Graptemys Graptemys 22K Graptemys aleye Graptemys de aS ey barbouri 22, 53), you, flavimaculata 61. geographica 13, 61. kohni 61. nigrinoda delticola pseudogeographica pseudogeographica ouachitensis 61. Graptemys pulchra 53, 61. Gymnodactylus d’armandvillei Gymnodactylus defossei 7. Gymnophthalmus lineatus 75. Gymnophthalmus speciosus 75. Hadrianus Hadrianus Hadrianus Hadrianus Hadrianus Hadrianus Hadrianus Hadrianus Hadrianus Hadrianus Hadrianus Hadrianus Hadrianus Hemidactylus Hemidactylus Hemidactylus Si7he Hemidactylus Hemidactylus Hemidactylus Hemidactylus Hemidactylus Hemidactylus Hemidactylus 2a H 37476. allabiatus corsoni 5. majusculus obailinsis Bie 5. Sic octonaria 5. octonarius 5. quadratus 5. robustus 5. schucherti tumida 5. 5. ulanensis 5. utahensis 5. Haideotriton 36. Haldea striatula 53. Haldea valeriae 53. Helicops alleni 27. Heloderma 46. Hemidactylium 36. Hemidactylium scutatum 53. 8. frenatus 7, garnotii 7, 40. 30, mabouia 27. mabouya 29. mutilatus 7. platycephalus 65. platyurus 7. tuETcervcuss 52), turcicus turcicus 53% 20 Hemiphyllodactylus typus * pallidus 7. Hesperotestudo Hesperotestudo Hesperotestudo Hesperotestudo Hesperotestudo Hesperotestudo Hesperotestudo Hesperotestudo AT» B9p Hesperotestudo Hesperotestudo Hesperotestudo Hesperotestudo Hesperotestudo Hesperotestudo 47. Hesperotestudo Hesperotestudo Hesperotestudo Hesperotestudo Hesperotestudo 49. Hesperotestudo Hesperotestudo Hesperotestudo 83. alleni 5. amphithorax 3. angusticeps 3. arenivaga 5. brontops 3. campester 5. crassiscutata equicomes 3, 5. exornata 5. farre 5« gilbertics« impensa 3, Inerisas3; 5s 5, inusitata 5. johnstonii 5. kalganensis 5. klettiana 5. mylnarskii 47, niorarensis 5. orthopygia 3. orthopygia angusticeps 5. Hesperotestudo orthopygia 5. Hesperotestudo Se Hesperotestudo Hesperotestudo Hesperotestudo Hesperotestudo Hesperotestudo 47. Hesperotestudo Hesperotestudo Hesperotestudo Heterodon 81. Heterodon Filia BBN Heterodon Heterodon Heterodon eos ke Heterodon Heterodon Heterodon 7a 772 5377 83. brevis 46, orthopygia osborniana 3, pertenuis 3. primaeva 5. rexroadensis 5. riggs1.»5< turgida:3;,«5,; undata 5. vaga 5. walksonaysS; 5 Ay Lass browni 27. nasicus 46, plaryrhinos 26, wat platyrhinus 30. plionasicus 46, simus 30, 83. 27, 71, a Tie Tile 4678527 Heterotriton ingens 68. Holaspis guentheri 65. Holotropis microlophus 59. Holotropis) vittatus! 59. Homalocranium coronatum 64. Homalocranium wagneri 64. Homalopsis rhynchops 7. Homolepida schlegeli 7. Homopus areolatus 5. Homopus areolatus 4, Homopus boulengeri 5. Homopus burnesii 5. Homopus comptonii 5. Homopus femoralis 5. Homopus horsfieldi 5. Homopus scutella 5. Homopus signatus 4, 5. Horopus 5. Huberophis 47. Hurria rbychops 7. Hurria rhynchops 7. Hydraspis leithii 5. Hydromantes 36. Hydrosaurus salvator 7. Hydrus granulatus 7. Hydrus rhynchops 7. Hyla 37. Hyla alleni 22. Hyla baderi 83. Hyla barbudensis 40, 73. Hyla boesemani 22. Hyla chrysoscelis 30. Hyllal cinenear 27,30," 57,783. Hyla cinerea evittata 27. Hylasenuciter, 52757. Hyla ebraccata 54. Hyla evittata 27. Hyla femoralis 27, 30, 51, 83. Hyla flavigula 22. Hyla gratiosa 27, Hyla laynei 22. Hyla loquax 54. Hyla microcephala Hyla microcephala 75 Hyla miofloridana Hyla ocularis 27, Hyla oliveae 22. Hyla phaeocrypta phaeocrypta 5Sic Hyla picta 54. Hyla semifasciata 27. Hyla septentrionalis 27, 53, 74. Hylaysquareldlar22),027,- 30',--52", OY Sc Hyla staufferi 54, 75. Uc 52, S10) 4 Sic Martini 54. underwoodi WS0 Gyan Syl 2a Hyla versicolor 53, 57. Hylodes ocularis 27. Hynobius leechi 68. Hyperolius 32. Hyperolius castaneus constellatus 22. Hyperolius castaneus submarginatus 22. Hyperolius chrysogaster 22. Hyperolius frontalis 22. Hyperolius karissimbiensis intermedius 22. Hyperolius lateralis DiaKe Hyperolius lateralis 22 Hyperolius lateralis iota Hyperolius lateralis pulcherimus 22. Hyperolius leucotaenius allogynus 22. Hyperolius viridiflavus hybridus 22. Hyperolius viridiflavus intermedius 22. Hypopachus cuneus 57. Hypopachus cuneus nigroreticulatus 54. bogerti cyaneops guibei ut Iguana 83. Iguana delicatissima 29, 37. Iguana iguana 20, 29, 37, 40, 65. Iguana iguana rhinolopha 54, WD Iguana sapidissima 20. Imantodes cenchoa leucomelas 54. Indotestudo 4, 47. Indotestudo elongata 5. Indotestudo kaiseni 5. Indotestudo nana 5. K Kaloula baleata baleata 7. Kaloula pulchra 7. Kansuchelys chiayukuanensis 5. Kansuchelys ovalis 5. Kassina argyreivittis ruanda= 22 Kentropyx intermedius 40. Kinixys belliana 4, 5. Kinixys erosa 4, 5. Kinixys gaudini 5. Kinixys homeana 4, 5. Kinosternon 15, 47, 49, 80. Kinosternon acutum 54. Kinosternon baurii 38, 53, 64, 83. Kinosternon bauri bauri 27. Kinosternon baurii palmarum i Ole Kinosternon creaseri 54. Kinosternon cruentatum cruentatum 54. Kinosternon flavescens 25. Kinosternon leucostomum 54. Kinosternon mopanum 54. Kinosternon subrubrum 25, 43. Kinosternon subrubrum steindachneri 27, 30, 53. Kinothorax 5. Klauberina 46. L Lacerta gecko 7. Lacerta monitor 7. Lacerta sicula 20. Lacerta sputator 40. Lacerta vivipara 37. Lachesis fasciatus 7. Lachesis gramineus albolabris We Laemanctus deborrei 54. Lamprolepis smaragdina 7. Lamprolepis smaragdina pha eppinaca) &,. 9. Lampropeltis 71. Lampropeltis calligaster 46. Lampropeltis calligaster rhombomaculata 53. Lampropeltis doliata 51, 52, Yl Lampropeltis doliata doliata EX ne Lampropeltis doliata polyzona 54. Lampropeltis getula 30, 47. Lampropeltis getulus 47, 49, Se OO iho eet aL Ste Lampropeltis getulus brooksi PASI WAIL Lampropeltis getulus floridana Zein Pr CHA Sic Lampropeltis 5S getulus getulus Lampropeltis getulus goini 22, SSi5 Lampropeltis getulus splendida 23), 5 46% Lampropeltis intermedius 46. Lampropeltis pyromelana 46. Lampropeltis similis 46. Lampropeltis triangulum 23, 80), 4A6;) 33 Lampropeltis zonata 46. Lanebatrachus martini 68. Leimadophis flavilatus 52. Leiocephalus 46, 83. Leiocephalus barahonensis oxygaster 22. Leiocephalus carinatus 53, 59. Leiocephalus carinatus microcyon 29. Leiocephalus carinatus virescens 27. Leiocephalus cubensis 29. Leiocephalus cubensis cubensis 59). Leiocephalus cubensis gigas 59. Leiocephalus cubensis pambasileus 59. Leiocephalus cubensis Paraphrus 59. Leiocephalus cuneus 29. Leiocephalus erimitus 29. Leiocephalus greenwayi 29. Leiocephalus herminieri 29. Leiocephalus inaguae 29. Leiocephalus loxogrammus 29. Leiocephalus lunatus lewisi 22. Leiocephalus macropus 29, 59. Leiocephalus melanochloris 29. Leiocephalus melanochloris hypsistus 22. Leiocephalus personatus 29. Leiocephalus personatus actites 22. Leiocephalus personatus agraulus 22. Leiocephalus personatus trachodes 22. Leiocephalus pratensis 29. Leiocephalus psammodrommus 37. Leiocephalus psammodromus 29. Leiocephalus punctatus 29. Leiocephalus raviceps 29, 59. Leiocephalus schreibersii 20, Zor Leiocephalus semilineatus 60. Leiocephalus stictigaster astictus 59. Leiocephalus stictigaster exotheotus 59. Leiocephalus stictigaster sierrae 59. Leiocephalus stictigaster stictigaster 59. Leiocephalus stictogaster 29. Leiocephalus vittatus 59. Leiolaemus cubensis 59. Leiolopisma kadarsani podariensus 7. Leiolopisma laterale 8. Leiolopisma sembalunica nintjana 7. Leiolopisma sembalunicum 7. Lepidoblepharis 40. Lepidochelys 47, 80. Lepidochelys kempi 19, 56. Lepidochelys olivacea 56. Lepidochelys olivacea kempi 5, 241) 6 Lepidodactylus intermedius 7. Lepidodactylus lombocensis 7. Lepidodactylus lugubris intermedius 7. Lepidophyma flavimaculatum flavimaculatum 54. Lepidosternon floridanum 76. Leposoma 40. Leptodactylus Leptodactylus Leptodactylus Leptodactylus WDE Leptodactylus YD Leptodeira 51. Leptodeira frenata malleisi 54. Leptodeira septentrionalis polysticta 54. Leptophis aestivus 33. Leptophis ahaetulla praestans 54. Leptophis Leptophis 54, 75. Leptophis mexicanus yucatanensis 54. Leptophis sauritus 57. t3}3} 4 abarus 73. albilabris 20. labialis 54, 57, melanonotus 54, majalis 33. mexicanus mexicanus 23 albifrons 75. akemy 7/5 dulcis 52. goudoti 75. magnamaculata Leptotyphlops Leptotyphlops Leptotyphlops Leptotyphlops Leptotyphlops J/5c Leptotyphlops nasalis 75. Leptotyphlops phenops bakewelli 75. Leptotyphlops phenops magnamaculata 75. Leptotyphlops phenops phenops 75 Leptotyphlops tenella 75. Leurognathus 36. Leurognathus marmoratus 45. Limnaoedus ocularis 27. Linguaelapsus annulatum 68. Linguaelapsus cingulatum bishopi 68. Linguaelapsus cingulatum cingulatum 68. Lingyaelapsus lepturus 68. Linguaelapsus mabeei 68. Linguaelapsus schmidti 68. Linguaelapsus texanum 68. Liodytes alleni 53, 77. Liodytes alleni lineapiatus 22 eats Lioheterodon 71. Liolaemus 29. Liophis flavilatus 52. Lipinia pulchella pulchella 8, 9 Lorica 5. Lycodan aulicus capucinus 7. Lycodon capucinus 7. Lygodactylus grotei 65. Lygodactylus picturatus 65. Lygosoma cherriei ixbaac 54. Lygosoma emigrans 7. Lygosoma everetti 7. Lygosoma florense 7. Lygosoma laterale 27, 50, 51, SA, SSp dsc Lygosoma striolatus 7. Lystrophis 46, 71. M multifasciata 7. alliacea 75. brachypoda 54, 75. buettneri 9. heathi 9. Mabuia Mabuya Mabuya Mabuya Mabuya Mabuya mabouya 9, 20, 65. Mabuya mabouya alliacea 75. Mabuya mabouya mabouya 75. Mabuya macularis 9. Mabuya maculilabris 9, 65. Mabuya multicarinata borealis be ure le Mabuya multifasciata Mabuya multifasciata balinensis 7. Mabuya multifasciata multifasciata 7, 8, 9. Mabuya occidentalis 9. Mabuya quinquetaeniata 9. Mabuya spilogaster 9. Mabuya striata 9, 65. Mabuya unimarginata 75. Mabuya varia 65. Mabuya variegata 9. Machrochelys mira 5. Macrochelys mira 5. Macroclemys auffenbergi 73, SO 6s Macroclemys temmincki 5, 47, 49, 5a; O14" 807 Malaclemmys 83. Malaclemys terrapin 15, Malaclemys terrapin macrospilota 27. Malaclemys terrapin rhizophorarum 27. Malaclemys terrapin tequesta 2 Malacochersus 4, 47. Malacochersus tornieri 5. Manculus quadridigitatus 51, Sy Manouria 4. Manouria corsoni 5. Manouria emys 5. Manouria eocaenica 5. Manouria fusca 5. Manouria gilmorei 5. Manouria insolitus 5. Manouria luxata 5. Manouria majuscula 5. Manouria margae 5. Manouria obailinsis 5. Manouria punjabiensis 5. Manouria tumida 5. Manouria utahensis 5. Manuria emys 5. Masticophis 47, 49, 83. Masticophis flagellum 26, 46, SS, alhthe 65% 61. 24 Masticophis flagellum . flagellum 23, 27, 30. Masticophis flagellum testaceus 23. Masticophis mentovarius mentovarius 54. Masticophis taeniatus 46. Maticora bivirgata 51. Maticora intestinalis 51. Mauremys caspica 15. Medaestia 5. Megachersine Megalochelys Megalochelys Megalochelys gadowi 5. Megalochelys sivalensis 5. Microhyla carolinensis 57. Microhyla olivacea 57. Micrurus 83. Micrurus affinis Micrurus affinis Micrurus affinis Micrurus affinis 54. Micrurus affinis stantoni 54. Micrurus frontalis 51. Micrurus fulvius 26, 46, 52 De Oimie) pont. Micrurus fulvius barbouri 27. Micrurus fulvius fulvius 27, S(O cis) Micrurus fulvivus 51. Micrurus mipartitus 51. Micrurus nigrocinctus divaricatus 54, 75. Micrurus nigrocinctus zunilensis 54. Micrurus ruatanus 75. Micrurus schmidti 75. Micrurus stewarti 75. Monachelys 3. Monachelys monensis 5. Monitor bivittatus celebensis ire Monitor bivittatus javanica 7. Monitor nigricans 7. Monoclida kentukensis 48. pardalis 5. atlas 5). cautleyi 5. Bil. aglaeope 54. alienus 54. hippocrepis 57 naia 7. tripudians sputatrix 7. naja 10. naja sputatrix 7. sputatrix malayae 7. Naia Naia Naja Naja Naja Naja naja tripudians 10. Natexase4'6), i771 iB Natrix cyclopion 77, 82. Natrix cyclopion cyclopion 53. Natrix cyclopion floridana 22, 21h ¢ Natrix erythrogaster 15, 53, Vibe Natrix fasciata 74. Natrix harteri paucimaculata 2279 © Natrix saurita 57. Natrix septemvittata 77. Natrix septemvittata mabila Dare Natrix sipedon 51, 77, 82. Natrix sipedon clarkii 48, 53. Natrix sipedon compressicauda 27K Saye Wak Natrix sipedon confluens 48. Natrix sipedon fasciata 53. Natrix sipedon pictiventris AAT} = BS¥C Natrix sipedon pleuralis 53. Natrix sipedon taeniata 53. Natrix taxispilota 13, 77. Natrix taxispilota taxispilota Zitike Necturus 83. Necturus beyeri 53. Necturus maculatus 2. Neonatrix elongata 46. Neoseps reynoldsi 27, 35, 46, 51, 53, 76. Neotestudo 5. Nerodia cyclopion 46, 83. Nerodia erythrogaster 46, 83. Nerodia fasciata 26, 46, 47, 49, 83. Nerodia fasciata pictiventris 30. Nerodia floridana 30. Nerodia hibbardi 46. Nerodia hillmani 46. Nerodia rhombifera 46. Nerodia sipedon 46, 47, 69. Nerodia taxispilota 26, 30, 46, 83. Ninia sebae 75. Ninia sebae morleyi 54. Ninia sebae sebae 54. Notophthalmus 83. Notophthalmus perstriatus 24, 30, 42. Notophthalmus viridescens piaropicola 27, 30. Oo Ocadia reidlii 5. Oedipina elongata 54. Oedipina poelzi 22. Ogallalabatrachus horarium 68. Ogmophis 46, 83. Ogmophis pauperrimus 77. Omolepida schlegeli 7. Onychochelys kraussi 56. Onychotria mexicana 48. Opheodrys 82. Opheodrys aestivus 23, 26, 27, 30, 4607 77,2832 Opheodrys aestivus aestivus 83K Opheodrys aestivus carinatus Opheodrys aestivus conanti 33. Opheodrys aestivus majalis 33. Opheodrys vernalis 33, 46, 83. Ophiophaga hannah 10. Ophisauris ventralis 51. Ophisaurus 82. Ophisaurus attenuatus 46, 83. Ophisaurus attenuatus longicaudus 27, 30. Ophisaurus canadensis 46. Ophisaurus compressus 27, 30, Mes Sa ee) Ssh7 Von Se Ophisaurus mimicus 47. Ophisaurus ventralis 27, 30, A6ite4Fie S2re 8S Ophites aulicus 7. Oreophryne celebensis 7. Oreophryne darewskyi 7. Oreophryne jeffersoniana 7. Oreophryne monticola 7. Oreophryne rookmaakeri 7. Oreophryne variabilis 7, 32. Osteopilus dominicensis 67. Otosaurus cumingii 8, 9. Oxybelis 83. Oxybelis aeneus 75. Oxybelis aeneus aeneus 54. Oxybelis fulgidus 54, 75. Oxyrhopus baileyi 54. Oxyrhopus petola aequifasciatus 54. 26 P 22, «368 e Plethodon cinereus dorsalis Paleofarancia brevispinosus 36. CNet isi Plethodon cinereus erythronota Paleoheterodon tiheni 46. 36. Paleoxantusia 83. Plethodon cinereus Pampatestudo 5. erythronotus 36. Panapsis nimbaensis 9. Plethodon cinereus Paracoluber storeri 46. polycentratus 22, 36. Paraoxybelis 83. Plethodon cinereus serratus Paraoxybelis floridanus 46, 36. Th Wad by Ac Plethodon clemsonae 36. Pareas weandersii 7. Plethodon dixi 36. Pectoglossa persimilis 68. Plethodon dorsalis Pelomedusa subrufa 5. angusticlavius 36. Peltastes graeca 5. Plethodon dorsalis dorsalis Peltastes marginatus whitei 5. 36. Peltonia 5. Plethodon dunni 36. Peltosaurus floridanus 83. Plethodon elongatus 36. Peropus mutilata 7. Plethodon erythronota 36. Peropus mutilatus 7. Plethodon erythronotum 36. Phaeognathus hubrichti 45. Plethodon erythronotus Phatnomatorhina 36. cinereus 36. Phrynohyas modesta 54. Plethodon erythronotus Phrynohyas spilomma 54. erythronotus 36. Phrynosoma 46. Plethodon glutinosum 36, 51, Phyllodactylus insularis 54, 52/2183. yis\- Plethodon glutinosus albagula Phyllodactylus palmeus 75. 36. Phyllodactylus tuberculosus Plethodon glutinosus 7 Sy chlorobryonis 36. Phyllodactylus tuberculosus Plethodon glutinosus lanei 54. glutinosus 22, 36. Phyllodactylus ventralis 65. Plethodon glutinosus grobmani Phyllomedusa callidryas 2275362 taylori 54. Plethodon glutinosus shermani Phyllomedusa moreleti 54. 36. Phyllorhynchus 71. Plethodon grobmani 30. Pituophis melanoleucus 26, 46, Plethodon hubrichti 36. ATi 1 Sle 8S's Plethodon huldae 22, 36. Pituophis melanoleucus mugitus Plethodon idahoensis 36. Dh 30 , P69 Plethodon intermedius 36. Placovaranus komodoensis 7. Plethodon jacksoni 36. Plagiodon 68. Plethodon jordani clemsonae Plalynotus 29. 36. Platydactylus guttatus 7. Plethodon jordani kentucki 36. Platymabtis 8. Plethodon jordani melaventris Platyurus platyurus 7. 36. Plestiodon egregius 44. Plethodon jordani metcalfi 35. Plestiodon onocrepis 44. Plethodon jordani rabunensis Plethodon caddoensis 36. 36) Plethodon cinereus 57. Plethodon jordani shermani 35. Plethodon cinereus Plethodon jordani teyahalae angusticlavius 36. 36. Plethodon cinereus cinereus Plethodon kentucki 36. Plethodon larselli 36. Plethodon metcalfi clemsonae 36. Plethodon metcalfi metcalfi B61 Plethodon neomexicanus 36. Plethodon nettingi 36. Plethodon nettingi shenandoah 2D. Plethodon ouachitae 36. Plethodon richmondi hubrichti Shaye Plethodon richmondi nettingi 367 Plethodon richmondi popei 22, BiG. Plethodon richmondi richmondi 22h ele Plethodon richmondi shenandoah QDs Plethodon shermani clemsonae 36) Plethodon shermani melaventris SiGe Plethodon shermani rabunensis 36. Plethodon shermani shermani S36 Plethodon vandykei idahoensis S36 Plethodon vandykei larselli 3i6i. Plethodon vandykei vandykei 36. Plethodon variolosum 36. Plethodon vehiculum 36. Plethodon vehiculus 36. Plethodon wehrlei dixi 36. Plethodon wehrlei wehrlei 36. Plethodon welleri ventromaculatum 36. Plethodon welleri welleri 36. Plethodon yonahlossee 36. Plica 29. Pilhica piliicay65- Plica umbra 65. Plioambystoma kansense 68. Pliocercus elapoides laticollaris 54. Plistodon egregius 50. Plistodon onocrepis 50. Podocnemis 38, 56. Podocnemis unifilis 13. Podocnemys 4. Polypedates leucomystax 7. AT) Proacris 83. Protochelys stricklandi 5. Proctotretus 29. Protestudo alba 5. Protestudo darewskii 5. Protestudo illiberalis 5. Prymnomiodon chalceus 57. Psammadynastes pulverulenta ks Psammobates Psammobates Psammobates Psammobates oculifera 4. Psammobates tentorius 5. Psammodynastes pulverulentus Ve Pseudacris brachyphona 53. Pseudacris clarki 57. Pseudacris crucifer bartramiana 30. Pseudacris nigrita 30, 51, 57. Pseudacris nigrita verrucosa Pop aC Sys geometricus 5. oculifer 5. Pseudacris Pseudacris Pseudacris Pseudacris Pseudemys Pseudemys Pseudemys Pseudemys Pseudemys Pseudemys Bin Se Pseudemys Pseudemys 2, (53% Pseudemys peninsul 38y,753i- Pseudemys suwanniensis 1, ocularis 30. Opnatay 30), Ss streckeri 57. triseriata 57. By A Di) 55h BO alabamensis 21, caelata 38. concinna 38, floridana 47. floridana floridana 38. (ya Sy EIe hoyi»211.. mobilensis floridana floridana floridana awis), Ze 22) a 2m floridana a Pp. ee Pseudemys floridana texana 21. Pseudemys nelsoni 21, 22, 27, BO) 7) Siege Delp tS) Pseudemys platymarginata 46, S3i Pseudemys rubriventris 21, 27, si, 475. @ike Pseudemys scripta 1, 21, 53, Gil, Ssi6 Pseudemys scripta ornata 54. Pseudemys scripta petrolei 465. Pseudemys scripta taylori 15. Pseudemys scripta troosti 72. Pseudemys vioscana 21. Pseudoboa 40. Pseudobranchus Pseudobranchus Pseudobranchus Pseudobranchus Pseudobranchus axanthus 22. Pseudobranchus Zils Pseudobranchus striatus hustricoluss22),027 pesos Pseudobranchus striatus spheniscus 22. Pseudocadia anyangensis 5. Pseudocemophora 83. Pseudocemophora antiqua 46, LS Pseudocordylus microlepidotus 65): Pseudoepicrates 46, 83. Pseudoepicrates barbouri 77. Pseudoepicrates stanolseni 77. Pseudofarancia brevispinosus Thike Pseudomopus signata 5. Pseudogonatodes 40. Pseudorhineura minuta 76. Pseudotestudo kleinmanni 5. Pseudotriton montanus 30, 45. Pseudotriton montanus flavissimus 53. Pseudotriton montanus floridanus 22. Pseudotriton ruber 45, 51. Pseudotriton ruber vioscai 53. Pseustes poecilonotus poecilonotus 54. Pterosphenus 77, 83. Ptyas mucosus 10. Ptychogaster calarea 5. Ptychogaster couzieri 5. Ptychogaster eurysternum 5. Ptychogaster fejerraryi 5. Ptychogaster francopurtanus 5. Ptychogaster gaudini 5. Ptychogaster laurae 5. Ptychogaster schafferi 5. Ptychozoon lionatum 65. Puppigerus crassicostatus 5. Python molurus 7, 10. Python timorensis 7. Pyxis arachnoides 4, 5. 47. Sale axanthus robustus striatus striatus 30. SSe S0% striatus belli R 28 Ramphorhynchus braminus 8.* Rana 47, 49. Rana areolata 30, 57, 83. Rana areolata aesopus 27. Rana aurora draytonii 75. Rana bonaccana 75. Rana cancrivora 7. Rana capito aesopus 30, 42. Rana capito areolata 69. Rana catesbeiana 30, 46, 52712 TAU - Rana clamitans 75. Rana clamitans clamitans 30, Site Rana desaegeri 22. Rana draytonii 75. Rana grylio 27, 30, 83. Rana halecina sphenocephala A i Rana heckscheri 30, Rana holbrookii 27. Rana limnocharis 7. Rana marina 27. Rana microdisca 7. Rana palmipes 54, Rana palustris 57. Rana papua 7. Rana pipiens 27, il SWae tes Rana pipiens austricola 54. Rana ruwenzorica 22. Rana sylvatica 57. Rana utricularia sphenocephala 30. Regina alleni 22, 47,6049; ab3x Regina grahami 46, 83. Regina intermedia 46, 83. Regina rigida 30, 46, 83. Regina septemvittata 22, 83. Rhacophorus microtympanum 32. 5 53 USie Bly, S3ypa 5} 267 307-46, 46, Rhadinaea 54. Rhadinaea flavilata 23, 27, 30), (46), Sl, S2,e07e Rhadinaea godmani 46. Rhadinaea laureata 46, 52. Rhadinaea pachyura fulviceps 52s Rhadinea flavilata 52, 83. Rhineura amblyceps 76. Rhineura coloradoensis 76. Rhineura floridana 27, 30, WG, 52, 53, 76,88. Rhineura hatcheri 76. 35, hibbardi 76. minuta 76. narslandensis 46. Rhineura sternbergi 76. Rhineura wilsoni 76. Rhinocheilus 46. Rhinoclemmys 38. Rhinophrynus dorsalis 54. Rhyacosiredon altamirani 68. Rhyacosiredon leorae 68. Rhyacosiredon rivularis 68. Rhyacosiredon zempoalensis 68. Rhyacotriton olympicus olympicus 68. Rhyacotriton olympicus variegatus 68. Rhineura Rhineura Rhineura Ss Salamandra agilis 36. Salamandra albopunctata 36. Salamandra cinerea 36. Salamandra cylindracea 36. Salamandra elongata 36. Salamandra eriyhronota 36. Salamandra erythronota 36. Salamandra erythronotus 36. Salamandra glutinosa 36. Salamandra melanoleuca 36. Salamandra puncticulata 36. Salamandra variolata 36. Salamandroidis subviolacea 68. Salvadora 46 Sauromalus hispidus 37. Sauromalus obesus 20, 37. Sauromalus varius 37. Sauropsis erythronota 36. Scaphiodontophis annulatus annulatus 54. Scaphiodontophis annulatus capricinctus 54. Scaphiodontophis carpicinctus 54. Scaphiodontophis venustissimus 54. Scaphiopus albus 27. Scaphiopus bombifrons 57. Scaphiopus holbrooki 28, 53, 83. Scaphiopus holbrooki albus 27. Scaphiopus holbrooki holbrooki SiO) Wile Scapia falconeri 5. Scapia gigantea 5. Sceloporus chrysostictus 54. 29 Sceloporus Sceloporus Sceloporus Sceloporus 54. Sceloporus Sceloporus Sceloporus Sceloporus 655 Sceloporus 52k Sceloporus Sceloporus Sceloporus Sceloporus Sik, yp Sceloporus SOF; 467 Sceloporus Sceloporus Sceloporus Sceloporus 65, 76. Scincella laterale 23, Scincella lateralis 30. Scincus multifasciatus 7. Scolecomorphus kirki uluguruensis 22. Scolecomorphus uluguruensis PIED Seminatrix Seminatrix Seminatrix Seminatrix Sibon 71 Sibon nebulata nebulata 54. Sibon nebulatus 51. Sibon sannicola 54. Sinohadrianus eozensis 5. Sinohadrianus sichuanensis 5. Siredon axolotl 68. Siren intermedia 27, Siren lacertina 2, 27, LO Si2< Siren simpsoni 83. Sirenodon lichenoides 68. Sistrurus 83. Sistrurus catenatus Sistrurus miliarius a7veaon SirA77: Sistrurus miliarius 2era27e GOK Sistrurus miliarius P33) 6 graciosus 37. horridus 65. jarrovi 65. lundelli lundelli magister 37. malachiticus merriami 20. occidentalis 657. 33/7 olivaceus 20, 37, OnCUEEAN S77 poinsetti 37, teapensis 54, undulatus 27, mivesse undulatus 6S) 65; Sau; undulatus undulatus woodi 53. variabilis 65. virgatus 46. WwOOdi) 2777535), 46, 46. 46. pygaea 26, 51, 53. pygaea cyclas 27. pygaea pygaea 30. SHO Meee S10 ety, 46. 26, 46, barbouri streckeri Smilisca baudinii 57, US\= Smilisca baudinii baudinii 54. Smilisca baudinii dolomedes 54. Smilisca Sonora episcopa phaeota 54. 46),°°5.2%. Spathoscalabotes mutilatus 7. Sphaenorhynchus Sphaenorhynchus Sphaerodactylus anthracinus 40 Sphaerodactylus cataplexis 75. Sphaerodactylus copei 40, 75. Sphaerodactylus enochrus 75. Sphaerodactylus picturatus 75. Sphaerodactylus Sphaerodactylus Sphaerodactylus Bilis Sphaerodactylus Sphaerodactylus Sphaerodactylus Sphaerodactylus beattyi 66. Sphaerodactylus seamani 22, Sphaerodactylus Sphaerodactylus 60. Sphaerodactylus Sphaerodactylus 40. Sphaerodactylus 40,0 537054. Sphaerodactylus 54, 75. Sphaerodactylus Sphaerodactylus cataplexis 75. Sphaerodactylus picturatus 75. Sphaerodactylus dorisae 22. habrus 22. anthracinus awa anthracinus anthracinus anthracinus anthracinus argivus 40. argus, 40),° 53: argus argus asper 75. bartschi 40. beattyi 40. beattyi beattyl 66. becki 40. brevirostratus buergeri 40. caicosensis cinereus 27, continentalis copei 40. copei copei copei polyommatus 75. Sphaerodactylus Sphaerodactylus Sphaerodactylus atessares 22. Sphaerodactylus 66 Sphaerodactylus Sphaerodactylus copii 40. dansforthi 66. decoratus GL£EVcMAs 40), dunni 40. elegans 40. 30 Sphaerodactylus 204 AD. Sphaerodactylus ise Sphaerodactylus elegantulus fantasticus fantasticus fantasticus 40. Sphaerodactylus ligniservulus Sphaerodactylus Sphaerodactylus Sphaerodactylus Sphaerodactylus glaucus 54. Sphaerodactylus 40 Sphaerodactylus 40, 66. Sphaerodactylus Sphaerodactylus Sphaerodactylus 75. Sphaerodactylus ateles 22, 66. Sphaerodactylus grandisquamis Sphaerodactylus guarionex 22, Sphaerodactylus inigoi 22, 66. Sphaerodactylus macrolepis 20, Sphaerodactylus mimetes 22, Sphaerodactylus monensis 66. Sphaerodactylus parvus 22, 40, Sphaerodactylus phoberus 22, Sphaerodactylus fantasticus 40. festus 40. gaigei 40, glaucus 40. glaucus 66. goniorhynchus grandisquamis klauberi 66. lewisi 40. lineolatus 40, macrolepis macrolepis 66. macrolepis 66. macrolepis macrolepis 40, 66. macrolepis 66. macrolepis macrolepis 66. macrolepis 66. macrolepis Spanius 22, 66. Sphaerodactylus stibarus 22, Sphaerodactylus Sphaerodactylus Sphaerodactylus Sphaerodactylus Sphaerodactylus Sphaerodactylus nicholsi 66. Sphaerodactylus townsendi 66. Sphaerodactylus 40, 53), 66. macrolepis 66. microlepis 40. molei 40. monensis 66. monilifer 40. mutilatus 7. nicholsi nicholsi notatus 27, Sphaerodactylus juanilloensis Sphaerodactylus oliveri 40, Sphaerodactylus storeyae 75. Sphaerodactylus Sphaerodactylus Sphaerodactylus Sphaerodactylus 60, 66. Sphaerodactylus Sphaerodactylus Sphaerodactylus gossei 40. Sphaerodactylus 66. Sphaerodactylus Sphaerodactylus Sphaerodactylus Sphaerodactylus Sphaerodactylus Sphaerodactylus 66. Sphaerodactylus 40. Sphaerodactylus festus 40. Sphaerodactylus vincenti 40. Sphenodon 71. notatus DP oliveri MS re oliveri oxyrrhinus 40. pacificus 40. parkeri 40. parthenopion pictus 40. ramsdeni 40. richardsoni roosvelti 40, rosaurae 75. sabanus 40. scaber 75. sputator 40. stejnegeri 40. townsendi 40, venezuelanus vincenti vincenti Sphenodon punctatus 37. Sphenomorphus Sphenomorphus Sphenomorphus emigrans 7. Sphenomorphus wetariensis 7 Sphenomorphus Sphenomorphus barbouri 7. Sphenomorphus florensis 7. Sphenomorphus nitiduse?: Sphenomorphus Sphenomorphus Sphenomorphus Sphenomorphus S) Sphenomorphus Sphenomorphus Sphenomorphus Sphenomorphus alfredi 7. crassicauda 7. emigrans emigrans florense 7. florensis florensis florensis florensis weberi forbesi 7. hallieri 7. jagori jagori 8, mertensi 7. oxycephalus 7. oxyrhopus 7. parvum 7. Spl Sphenomorphus schlegeli 7. Sphenomorphus steerei 8. Sphenomorphus striolatus striolatus 7. Sphenomorphus temmincki 7. Sphenomorphus unilineatum 7. Sphenophryne 32. Sphoenohyla dorisae 22. Sphoenohyla habra 22. Spilotes pullatus 75. Spilotes pullatus mexicanus 54. Staurotypus salvini 54. Staurotypus triporcatus 54. Stegochelys 5. Stellio platyurus 7. Stellio salvator 7. Stenocercus 29. Stenorrhinus freminvillei 54. Stenostoma albifrons 75. Sternothaerus 48. Sternotherus 47, 80, 83. Sternotherus carinatus 15, Sternotherus depressus 25. Sternotherus minor 25, 30, 61. Sternotherus Sternotherus 5Sie Sternotherus odoratus 15, DS, Qi 20s 43)9°53). Stigmochelys 5. Stilosoma extenuata 35. Stilosoma extenuatum 27, WMA, FS, Vip OSke Stilosoma extenuatum 357, Ole Stilosoma extenuatum arenicolor 22. Stilosoma extenuatum extenuatum 35, 76. Stilosoma extenuatum multistictum 22, 35, Stilosoma vetustum 46, Sse Storeria Storeria Whe Storeria Nhe Storeria Ssie Storeria Ee ee 723) 6 38, minor minor 15. minor peltifer 13, 30, arenicola 16. ree ae 47. dekayi 30, 46, 52, dekayi victa 23, 27, dekayi wrightorum 23, occipitomaculata 23, 526 Storeria hidalgo Storeria obscura Storeria hidalgo Storeria obscura Storeria occipit Storeria Storeria Stylemys Stylemys Stylemys Stylemys Stylemys Stylemys Stylemys Stylemys Stylemys Stylemys Stylemys Stylemys Stylemys Stylemys Stylemys Stylemys Stylophis Stylosoma Syrrhopus Syrrhopus occipitomaculata ensis 57. occipitomaculata S75 occipitomaculatum ensis 23. occipitomaculatum 230 occipitomaculaum omaculatum 23. storerioides 23. ErEopmcal (Sie G, 467," 72, 0), amphithorax 5. borer 5). calaverensis 3, canetotiana 5. capax 5. conspecta 3, 5. culbertsonii 5. frizaciana 5. karakolensis 5. ligonia 5. nebrascensis 4, niobrarensis 5. oregonensis 5. pygmaea 5. unitensis 5. extenuatus 35. extenuatum 35. leprus cholorum 54. leprus leprus 54. 837 SF Se T Tachydromus tachydromioides Si. Takydromus sexlineatus 65. Takydromus smaragdinus 65. Takydromus tachydromoides 65. Tantilla Tantilla Tantilla 83. canula brevis 54. coronatale2si, 135.7) 152), Uihe Tantilla coronata Tantilla coronata Tantilla coronata bs 6647. Tantilla gracilis Tantidda, Janz 75% Tantilla oolitica 64. Tantilla relicta 23, 52 coronata 64. mitrifer 64. wagneri 27, 6% Si2052)- Jap asne52: 26, 46, Tantilla relicta neilli 22, 3Z 30, 64. Tantilla 64. Tantilla Gt AT6b Tantilla 54. Tantilla Tantilla Tantilla Tarentola Teleopus Terrapene Terrapene Terrapene Terrapene Terrapene Terrapene 64, 80, Terrapene Bilge 30, Terrapene 57) 15, Terrapene 48. Terrapene 48. Terrapene 154457, Terrapene 48. Terrapene 47, 48, Terrapene LyeelSy, Terrapene 48. Terrapene Terrapene Terrapene Terrapene Terrapene Terrapene Terrapene Terrapene Terrapene Terrapene Terrapene Terrapene Terrapene Terrapene 48. Terrapene 54. Terrapene _ relicta pamlica 22, relicta relicta 22, schistosa schistosa taeniata 75. triseriata 75. tritaeniata 75. 29. luxatus 5. Sse antipex 1, bauri 48. bulverda 1, 48. canaliculata 1, carolina? 3;..49;, S52 carolina 48) iS 2 carolina 48, 82. carolina 48. 48. [sal pains, carolina 1 coahuila carolina eurypygiae carolina 48, 53. carolina major 1, mexicana carolina 82. carolina 48. carolina putnami 1, triunguis yucatana coahuila 1, 15, 48. eurypygia 1, 48. formosa 1, 48. goldmani 48. impensa 1, 48. innoxia 1, 48. klauberi llanensis 1, 48. 48. 1, longinsulae 1, 48. maculata major 1 marnocki mexicana mexicana mexicana nebulosa 48. M4 15 mexicana yucatana 48. 33 Terrapene nelsoni 1. Testudo calcarata 5. Terrapene nelsoni klauberi 48. Testudo campanulata 5. Terrapene nelsoni nelsoni 15, Testudo campester 5. 48. Testudo canetotiana 5. Terrapene ornata 1, 12, 13, Testudo cannetotiana 5. ba] 5 (ike Testudo canstadiensis 5. Terrapene ornata cimarronensis Testudo caouana 5. 48. Testudo carinata 48. Terrapene ornata longinsulae Testudo carolina 48. 48. Testudo caroliniana 5. Terrapene ornata luteola 48. Testudo castrensis 5. Terrapene ornata ornata 15, Testudo catalaynica 5. 48. Testudo cauthley 5. Terrapene putnami 1, 48. Testudo cautleyi 5. Terrapene singletoni 1, 48. Testudo celonica 5. Terrapene sinica 5. Testudo cernovi 5. Terrapene whitneyi 48. Testudo chaileoti 5. Terrapene yucatana 48. Testudo chailloti 5. Testudinella horsfieldii 5. Testudo chilensis 5. Testudinites sellorii 5. Testudo chienfutungensis 5. Testudo 6. Testudo clausa 48. Testudo abrupta 5. Testudo claweri 5. Testudo agassizii 5. Testudo commersoni 5. Testudo alba 5. Testudo comptoni 5. Testudo amberiacensis 5. Testudo copei 5. Testudo amiatae 5. Testudo corroyi 5. Testudo ammon 5. Testudo corsoni 5. Testudo amphithorax 5. Testudo costaricensis 5. Testudo angusticeps 5. Testudo crassa 5. Testudo annae 5. Testudo crassiscutata 3, 5, Testudo antiqua noviciensis 5. 47. Testudo antigua praeceps 5. Testudo craverii 5. Testudo anyangensis 5. Testudo crawenii 5. Testudo aralensis 5. Testudo csakvarensis 5. Testudo arenivaga 5. Testudo csakvariensis 5. Testudo argentina 5. Testudo cubensis 5. Testudo armata 5. Testudo culbertsonii 5. Testudo atascosae 5. Testudo cultrata 5. Testudo atlas 5. Testudo cultratus 5. Testudo australis 5. Testudo cuvieri 5. Testudo baluchiorum 5. Testudo cyclopygia 5. Testudo beadnelli 5. Testudo darewskii 5. Testudo bessarabica 5. Testudo demissa 5. Testudo biguttata 5. Testudo denizoti 5. Testudo brevisterna 5. Testudo denticulata 5. Testudo bypunctata 5. Testudo depressa 5. Testudo boddaerte 5. Testudo despotti 5. Testudo bolivari 5. Testudo distans 3, 5. Testudo bosporica 5. Testudo doduni 5. Testudo boutonii 5. Testudo dorsata 5. Testudo brevi-caudata 5. Testudo ducateli 5. Testudo brontops 5. Testudo ducatelli 5. Testudo buchardi 5. Testudo dumeriliana 5. Testudo burchardi 5. Testudo ecaudata 5. Testudo calarea 5. Testudo edae 5. 34 Testudo elata 5. Testudo hannonensis 5. . Testudo elaverensis 5. Testudo hayi sos Testudo elegans 5. Testudo hemispherica 5. Testudo elephantina 5. Testudo hermanni 4. Testudo elongata 5. Testudo hermanni hermanni 5. Testudo emydoides 5. Testudo hermanni Testudo emiliae 5. robertmertensi 5. Testudo emys 5. Testudo hexagonata 5. Testudo enriquesi 5. Testudo hipparionum 5. Testudo eocenica 5. Testudo hollandi 5. Testudo equicomes 5. Testudo honanensis 5. Testudo escheri 5. Testudo horsfieldii 4, 5. Testudo eurysternum 5. Testudo houzei 5. Testudo exornata 5. Testudo hungarica 5. Testudo falconeri 5. Testudo hypercostata 5. Testudo farri 5. Testudo ibera 5. Testudo fejerraryi 5. Testudo illiberalis 5. Testudo fimbria 5. Testudo imbricata 7. Testudo flava 5. Testudo immensa 5. Testudo formosa 5. Testudo impensa 5. Testudo francisi 5. Testudo incarcerata 48. Testudo frizaciana 5. Testudo incarcerata-striata Testudo gadowi 5. 48. Testudo gallardoi 5. Testudo incisa 3, 5. Testudo geometrica 5. Testudo indica perraultii 5. Testudo geometricus 5. Testudo indica vosmaeri 5. Testudo georgicana 5. Testudo inepta 5. Testudo gigantea 5. Testudo innistata 5. Testudo gigas 5. Testudo insolita 5. Testudo gilberti 5. Testudo insolitus 5. Testudo globosa 5. Testudo inusitata 5. Testudo gopher 5. Testudo isis 5. Testudo gouffei 5. Testudo insolitus 3. Testudo graeca 4. Testudo japonica 7. Testudo graeca bettai 5. Testudo kaiseni 5. Testudo graeca boettgeri 5. Testudo kalganensis 5. Testudo graeca hercegovinensis Testudo kalksbergensis Si steinheimensis 5. Testudo graeca ibera 5, 72. Testudo kalksburgensis 5. Testudo graeca mauritanica 5. Testudo kegenika 5. Testudo graeca terrestris 5. Testudo kleinmanni 4, 5. Testudo graeca zarudyni 5. Testudo klettiana 5. Testudo graja 5. testudo kucurganica 5. Testudo grandidier 5. Testudo lamanonii 5. Testudo grandidieri 5. Testudo lamanonis 5. Testudo grandis 5. Testudo lambrechti 5. Testudo granulosa 5. Testudo lamoni 5. Testudo graii 5. Testudo larteti 5. Testudo graweri 5. testudo lata 5. Testudo grayi 5. Testudo laticaudata 5. Testudo gringorum 5. Testudo laticunea 5. Testudo guentheri 5. Testudo laurea 5. Testudo gymnesicus 5. Testudo leberonensis 5. Testudo hadriana 5. Testudo leithii 5. Testudo hadrianus 5. Testudo lemanensis 5. Testudo Testudo Testudo Testudo Testudo Testudo Testudo Testudo Testudo Testudo Testudo Testudo Testudo Testudo Testudo Testudo Testudo Testudo Testudo Testudo Testudo Testudo Testudo Testudo Testudo Testudo Testudo Testudo Testudo Testudo Testudo Testudo Testudo Testudo Testudo Testudo Testudo Testudo Testudo Testudo Testudo Testudo Testudo Testudo oie Testudo Testudo Testudo Testudo Testudo Testudo Testudo Testudo Testudo leptocnemis 5. ligonia 5. 1igonius 5% louisekressmani 3, luberonensis 5. luciae 3, 5. lunellensis lunnanensis 5. macrarovicii 5. margae 5. marginata 4, 5. marina vulgaris marmorum 5. mauritanica 5. mauritonica 5. media 5. meleagris 5. membranacea 5. meshetica 5. microtympanum 5. milleri 5. minuta 5. mira 5. mohavense 5. mohavensis 5. monensis 5. mundar 3), 5i- mydas minor 5. Namaquensis 5. nanus 5. nasicornis 5. nebrascensis nemoralis 5. neoviciensis nerandi 5. niobrarensis 5. noviciensis 5. nurpurensis 5. obtusa 5. ocalana 3, Olawari 5. oregonensis 5. oriens 5. orthopygia angusticeps 5re SE osborniana 5. oweni 5. pansa 5. paranensis 5. pardalis babcocki 5. pardalis pardalis 5. peltastes 5. peragrans 5. perpiniana leberonensis 5. 35 Testudo Testudo Testudo Testudo Testudo Testudo Testudo Testudo Testudo Testudo Testudo Testudo Testudo Testudo Testudo Testudo Testudo Testudo Testudo Testudo Testudo Testudo Testudo Testudo Testudo Testudo Testudo Testudo Testudo Testudo Testudo Testudo Testudo Testudo Testudo Testudo Testudo Testudo Testudo Testudo Testudo Testudo Testudo Testudo Testudo Testudo Testudo Testudo Testudo Testudo Testudo Testudo Testudo Testudo Testudo perraultii 5. pertenuis 5. phayrei 5. phosphoritarum 5. PICECEIMS. plana 5. planitia 5. pliopedemontana 5. polyphaemus 5. polyphemus 5. praeceps 5. praeextans 5. praegraeca ibera 5. praestans 5. primaeva 3, 5. promarginata 5. pseudovindobonensis 5. ptychogastroides 5. punctata 5. punjabiensis 5. pusilla 5. pygmaea 5. pyrenaica 5. quadrata 5. quadratus 5. racmecskeensis 5. radiata fossilis 5. reiailaae Se rexroadensis 5. richardi 5. Blggsa gos risgoviensis 5. robusta 5. robustissima 5. rodericensis 5. roguesi 5. rubricynda 5. rugosa 5. sauzieri 5. schafferi 5. scutella 5. seliliardsiiesy,) «57. sellovii 5. sellowi 5. semenensis 5. semimembtanacea 5. seminota 5. serpentina 5. serresi 5. shansiensis 5. shensiensis 5. Signata 5. Sinica 5. Sloanei 5. sumeirei 5. Testudo Testudo Testudo Testudo Testudo Testudo Testudo Testudo Testudo Testudo Testudo Testudo Testudo Testudo Testudo 5x Testudo Testudo Testudo Testudo Testudo Testudo Testudo Testudo Testudo Testudo Testudo Testudo Testudo Testudo Testudo Testudo Testudo Testudo Testudo Testudo Testudo Testudo Testudo Testudo Testudo Testudo Testudo Testudo Testudo Testudo Testudo snoviana 5. sombrerensis 5. sphaerica 5. sprattin Ss: stehlini 5. stellata 5. strandi 5. Strvata) Si: stricklandi 5. sulcatayoe sumeirei 5. suttoensis 5. syrmiensis 5. szalaii 5. tabulata campanulata tarabliensis 5. tedwhitei 3, 5. terrestris 5. thompsoni 5. tornieri 5. triserrata 5. tunhuanensis 5. turgae 5. tungia 5. turgaica 5. turgida 5S. turmae 5. uintensis 5. ulanensis 5. undabuna 5. undata 5. vaga 5. verrucosa 5. virgulata 48. viridi-squamosa 5. vitodurana 5. vosmaeri 5. whitei 5. wilsoni 5. xeocaenica 5. yniphora 5. yunnanensis 5. yushensis 5. zarudyni 5. zohalfa 5. zolkafa 5. Thamnophis Thamnophis Thamnophis Thamnophis Thamnophis Thamnophis Thamnophis Thamnophis APiAS agin SS. angustirostris 57. brachystoma 57. elegans 51, 52. elegans gigas 57. eques 57. eques megalops 51. marcianus 57. 36 Thamnophis Thamnophis Thamnophis Thamnophis Thamnophis Thamnophis Thamnophis 22,457 = Thamnophis 227407 & Thamnophis 57 Thamnophis 57. Thamnophis melanogaster 46. ordinatus 23. ordinoides 57. praeocularis 54. proxima faireyi 57. proximus proximus proximus proximus proximus proximus rubrilineatus 22, Thamnophis 54, 57% Thamnophis Thamnophis Thamnophis Thamnophis Thamnophis 57's Thamnophis 52s Thamnophis Si Thamnophis 23;,0857> Thamnophis 3} 7h Thamnophis Sy 7h= Thamnophis DSi 2 Tay 30, proximus radix 51, sackenii 23, 46. alpinus diabolicus orarius proximus ILA rutiloris 2 7he Si. saurita faireyi 57. saurita proxima 57. saurita sackenii sauritus sauritus sauritus sauritus sauritus sauritus Sey, £6), 5s, chalceus nitae 22, proximus rutiloris sackenii 57. Thamnophis sauritus sauritus 23), 58% Thamnophis septentrionalis 22, Thamnophis 51,952; Thamnophis Sits Thamnophis 3)7 = Thamnophis She Thamnophis Yi Thamnophis 22 nee 3 Thamnophis Pais Ol 57% Site sauritus sirtalis I i= sirtalis sirtalis sirtalis sirtalis sirtalis sirtalis TA Thecadactylus 40. 5k 26, 46, chalceus parietalis proximus sackenii similis sirtalis Thecadactylus rapicauda 54, 65)- Thecadactylus rapicaudus 29. Tomodon dorsatus 65. Trachemys Trachemys Trachemys Trachemys Trachemys Trachemys Trachemys 80. decorata 67. idahoensis 47. nuchocarinata 1, 48. platymarginata 49. scripta 38, 47, 49. SCripta scripta 30. Tretanorhinus nigroluteus dichromaticus 75. Tretanorhinus nigroluteus lateralis 54, Dc Tretanorhinus nigroluteus mertensi 75. Tretanorhinus nigroluteus nigroluteus 75. Tretanorhinus nigroluteus obscurus 75. Tretanorhinus variabilis 75. Trimeresurus 71. Trimesurus albolabris 7. Trimeresurus fasciatus 7. Trimeresurus gramineus gramineus 7. Trionyx Trionyx Trionyx Trionyx 85. Trionyx Trionyx Trionyx Trionyx Trionyx Trionyx Trionyx 83. ater 15. cartilaginosis 5. 1geeop:¢ BY, S38, BO, BH, muticus 61. pseudovindobonensis 5. punctatus 5. sinensis 5. spinifer 61. spiniferus emoryi 15. triunguis 5. Triton porphyriticus 36. Tropidoclonion 46. Tropidodipsas sartori sartori 54. Tropidonotus 71. Tropidonotus proximus 57. Tropidonotus saurita faireyi SZ c Tropidonotus saurita proxima Sis Tropidonotus taxispilotus 27. Tropidophis 49. Tropidophis feicki 47. Tropidophis haetianus 47. Tropidophorus grayi 8, 9. Tropidurus 29. 37 cubensis 59. hispidus 65. Tropidurus torquatus 65. Tupinambis teguixin 65. Typhlina bramina bramina Typhlina polygrammica undecimlmeata 7. Typhlomolge 36. Typhlops 83 Typhlops braminus 7. Typhlops florensis undecimlineatus 7. Typhlops gonavensis 22. Typhlops manilae 8. Typhlops monastus geotomus Typhlops monastus monastus Typhlops polygrammicus brongersmani 7. Typhlops polygrammica florensis 7. Typhlops polygrammicus undecimlineatus 7. Typhlops richardi catapontus Tropidurus Tropidurus Zeis Typhlops schmutzi 7. U Uranoscodon 29. Urocentron 29. Urosaurus graciosus 37. Urosaurus ornatus 37, 65. Urotheca 54. Urotheca flavilata 52. Uta stansburiana 20, 37. Vv Varanus bengalensis bengal Varanus TOK Varanus Varanus Varanus Varanus Varanus Varanus Varanus Varanus Varanus Varanus Varanus Varanus ensis 10. bengalensis nebulosus crocodilinus 7. flavescens 10 grayi 10, 65. griseus 10, 20. ImGgvweus We komodoensis 7, monitor 10. olivaceus 10. salvador 10. salvator salvator 7. togianus 7. varius 7. Silk Vipera berus 51. Vipera palestinae 71. Vipera russelli limitis 7. Vipera russelli russelli 7. Vipera russelli siamensis 7. Virginia 46, 47. Virginia striatula 30, 51, 52. Virginia valeriae 30, 52. x Xantusia vigilis 37. Xenodon merremi 71. Xenodon rabdocephalus 71. Xenodon rabdocephalus mexicanus 54. Xenodon severus 71. Xenosaurus 46. Xenosaurus arboreus 41. Xenosaurus grandis agrenon 41. Xenosaurus grandis arboreus 41. Xenosaurus grandis grandis 41. Xenosaurus grandis newmanorum 41. Xenosaurus grandis rackhami 41. Xenosaurus grandis sanmartinensis 41. Xenosaurus newmanorum 41. Xenosaurus platyceps 22, 41. Xenosaurus rackhami rackhami 41. Xenosaurus rackhami sanmartinensis 41. Xerobates agassizii 5. Xerobates carolinus 5. Xerobates cyclopygius 5. Xerobates orthopygius 5. Xerobates undata 5. Xiphonura jeffersonianum 68. 38 UO CHECKLIST AND KEY TO THE SPECIES S666 OF THE GENUS TANTILLA (SERPENTES: COLUBRIDAE), 2a WITH SOME COMMENTARY ON DISTRIBUTION SMITHSON 4p MAK 1 2 2005 WBRARIED Larry. David Wilson Department of Biology Miami-Dade Community College Kendall Campus SMITHSONIAN HERPETOLOGICAL INFORMATION SERVICE NO. 122 1999 SMITHSONIAN HERPETOLOGICAL INFORMATION SERVICE The SHIS series publishes and distributes translations, bibliographies, indices, and similar items judged useful to individuals interested in the biology of amphibians and reptiles, but unlikely to be published in the normal technical journals. Single copies are distributed free to interested individuals. Libraries, herpetological associations, and research laboratories are invited to exchange their publications with the Division of Amphibians and Reptiles. We wish to encourage individuals to share their bibliographies, translations, etc. with other herpetologists through the SHIS series. If you have such items please contact George Zug for instructions on preparation and submission. Contributors receive 50 free copies. Please address all requests for copies and inquiries to George Zug, Division of Amphibians and Reptiles, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington DC 20560 USA. Please include a self-addressed mailing label with requests. Introduction The last systematic summary of the colubrid genus 7antilla was provided by Wilson (1982a). In that account, forty-six species were listed. Since that paper, many significant changes have occurred in the systematics of this speciose genus, including a generic reallocation, an elevation of a subspecies to species status, and several species synonymizations, species resurrections, and species descriptions. Given the extensive nature of these changes, I think it is necessary to update information on the content of the genus and to provide a new key for the identification of the members of the genus, as currently recognized. It is the purpose of this paper to accomplish these ends. One generic reallocation has taken place since Wilson's (1982a) paper. One of the taxa he listed, Tantilla canula Cope, "1875" (1876), most extensively treated by Wilson (1982b), was transferred to the genus Zantillita by Smith et al. (1993). The content of the latter genus, thus, rose to three species (including brevissima and /intoni). Tantilla cucullata Minton, 1956, was elevated from subspecific status within Tantilla rubra Cope "1875" (1876) to full species status by Dixon et al. (In press); these authors also synonymized Zantilla diabola Fouquette and Potter, 1961, with 7: cucullata. Five species synonymizations also have occurred, as indicated below: Tantilla annulata Boettger, 1892 = Tantilla supracincta (Peters), 1863 (Wilson, 1987) Tantilla cuesta Wilson, 1982b = Tantilla jani (Ginther), 1895 (Campbell, 1998) Tantilla excubitor Wilson, 1982b = Tantillita brevissima Taylor, "1936" (1937) (Wilson, 1988a) Tantilla miniata Cope, 1863 (as Tantilla miniator) = Tantilla rubra Cope, "1875" (1876) (Dixon et al., In press) Tantilla morgani Hartweg, 1944 = Tantilla rubra Cope, "1875" (1876) (Dixon et al., In press) Three species-level taxa (all members of the ‘aeniata group) not listed by Wilson (1982a) have been resurrected subsequently, as noted below: Tantilla trilineata (Peters), 1880, from indeterminate status (Wilson and Meyer, 1971) to that of valid species (Savitsky and Smith, 1971; as noted by Campbell, 1998) Tantilla triseriata Smith and Smith, 1951, from synonymy of 7antilla taeniata (Bocourt), 1883 (Smith et al., 1998) Tantilla tritaeniata Smith and Williams, 1966, from synonymy of Tantilla taeniata (Bocourt), 1883 (Wilson and McCranie, In press) > Finally, seven new species have been described in the genus since Wilson's (1982a) treatment, as listed below: Tantilla impensa Campbell, 1998 Tantilla johnsoni Wilson et al., 1999 Tantilla miyatai Wilson and Knight, in Wilson, 1987a Tantilla slavensi Pérez-Higareda et al., 1985 Tantilla tayrae Wilson, 1983 Tantilla tecta Campbell and Smith, 1997 Tantilla vulcani Campbell, 1998 In summary, of the forty-six species listed by Wilson (1982a), forty-two are currently regarded as valid members of the genus Zantilla, three taxa were resurrected subsequently, one subspecific taxon was elevated to specific level, and seven new taxa were described later, constituting the fifty-three species in the genus. Although our understanding of the evolutionary history to Zanztilla is still in its infancy, some efforts have been made to place species in species groups. Those assignments follow: Tantilla calamarina group (Wilson and Meyer, 1981; Wilson et al., 1999) T. calmarina T. deppei T. cascadae T. veriformis T. coronadoi Tantilla coronata group (Telford, 1966) T. coronata T. relicta T. oolitica Tantilla melanocephala group (Wilson and Mena, 1980; Wilson, 1987a) T. andinista T. lempira T. capistrata T. melanocephala T. equatoriana T. miyatai T. insulamontana Tantilla planiceps group (Cole and Hardy, 1981) T. atriceps T. planiceps T. hobartsmithi T. yaquia Tantilla taeniata group (Wilson and Meyer, 1981; Wilson, 1983; Pérez-Higareda et al., 1985; Campbell and Smith, 1997; Campbell, 1998; Smithe et al., 1998; Wilson and McCranie, In press; Wilson et al., 1999) T. brevicauda T. slavensi T. briggsi T. striata T. cuniculator T. taeniata T. flavilineata T. tayrae T. impensa T. tecta T. jani T. trilineata T. johnsoni T. triseriata T. oaxacae T. tritaeniata T. reticulata T. vulcani These group assignments account for 37 of the 53 species in this genus. Acknowledgments I would like to express my gratitude to Steve W. Gotte, National Museum of Natural History, Arnold G. Kluge, University of Michigan Museum of Zoology, and Rainer Gunther, Zoologisches Museum, Berlin, who provided me with valuable information on the type material of various species of 7antilla housed in the USNM, MZUM, and ZMB collections, respectively, and to R. Kathryn Vaughan, who did the same for the holotype of 7: rubra. Hobart M. Smith kindly reviewed the manuscript and offered several suggestions for revision. Checklist As noted above, fifty-three species appear in this checklist, summarizing changes in Jantilla systematics to the date 28 February 1999. The format of the species accounts includes the following sections: species synonymy (including current name and its synonyms); holotype (if known) or lectotype; type locality (including any valid restriction); distribution (elevational and geographic); systematic references (containing the most recent and/or comprehensive treatments); remarks (containing systematic information of pertinence, if necessary). Tantilla albiceps Barbour Tantilla albiceps Barbour, 1925: 156. Holotype.-— Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard University (MCZ) 20600, adult (?) male, collected by Thomas Barbour in February, 1925. Type-locality — Barro Colorado Island, Gatun Lake, Canal Zone, Panama. Distribution.— Known only from the type locality. Systematic references. — Wilson (1982b, 1985b). Remarks.— This species continues to be known from a single specimen. Its relationships within the genus are unclear. Taniilla alticola (Boulenger) Homalocranium alticola Boulenger, 1903: 353. Homalocranium coralliventre Boulenger, 1913: 1035. Tantilla costaricensis Taylor, 1954: 766 Syntypes.— British Museum of Natural History (BMNH) 1946.1.8.63-65 (formerly BMNH 98.10.27.7-9), first two males, third apparently a female, collected by A. E. Pratt (date of collection unknown; accessioned 27 October 1898). Type-locality— Santa Rita, north of Medellin, 9000 ft. (2743 m), Depto. Antioquia, Colombia. Distribution — Low to intermediate elevations (91-2743 m) of Nicaragua, Costa Rica, and northwestern Colombia. Systematic references. — Wilson (1982b, 1986a, 1987a). Tantilla andinista Wilson and Mena Tantilla andinista Wilson and Mena, 1980: 21. Holotype.— University of Kansas Museum of Natural History (KU) 135209, adult female, collected 9 June 1970 by Thomas H. Fritts. Type-locality— 5 km E Alausi, elevation 2600-2750 m, Prov. Chimborazo, Ecuador. Distribution — Known only from the type locality. Systematic references. — Wilson and Mena (1980); Wilson (1985c, 1987a). Remarks.— This taxon is still known from but a single specimen. Tantilla atriceps (Gunther) Homalocranium atriceps Gunther, 1895: 146. Syntypes.— British Museum of Natural History (BMNH) 1946.1.8.81-82 (original numbers 89.7.3.36-37, respectively), both males, obtained in 1889 from W. Taylor. Type-locality— "Nuevo Leon, Mexico." Distribution.— Low, moderate, and intermediate elevations in southeastern Chihuahua, southern Coahuila, northwestern Nuevo Leon, northern San Luis Potosi, northern and eastern Durango, and northeastern Zacatecas, Mexico, with apparently disjunct populations in Tamaulipas, Mexico, and southern Texas Systematic references. — Cole and Hardy (1981, 1983a). Remarks.— Cole and Hardy (1981) demonstrated that 7. atriceps and T. hobartsmithi are sibling species, differing from one another in the structure of the hemipenis. Other features used to distinguish between these two species (number of postoculars, contact or lack thereof between mental and anterior chinshields) do not consistently do so (Robert G. Webb, in litt.). In addition, some specimens of 7. nigriceps cannot be distinguished convincingly from these two sibiling species in areas of sympatry (Cole and Hardy, 1981). Thus, details of the systematic and distributional relationships among these three species remain to be elucidated. Tantilla bairdi Stuart Tantilla bairdi Stuart, 1941: 1. Holotype.— University of Michigan Museum of Zoology (UMMZ) 89223, adult female, collected by L. C. Stuart, 17 May 1940. Type-locality — Two km NE Finca Chichén (10 straight line km S Coban) on Chamelco trail, ca. 1550 m, Depto. Alta Verapaz, Guatemala. Distribution.— Moderate and intermediate elevations (1524-1550 m) of the Caribbean versant of central Guatemala. Systematic references. — (Wilson, 1982b, 1985a, 1985e). Remarks.— A second specimen of this taxon was reported by Wilson (1985a). Tantilla bocourti (Gunther) Homalocranium bocourti Ginther, 1895: 149 (see Remarks). Tantilla bocourti bocourti: Smith and Laufe, 1945: 348. Lectotype.— British Museum of Natural History (BMNH) 1946.1.8.70 [formerly BMNH 94.10.2.1], obtained on exchange from Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris (formerly MNHNP 3694), adult male, collected by Dr. Alfredo Dugés, date of collection unknown (see Remarks). Type-locality — "Guanajuato, Mexico," restricted to city of Guanajuato by Smith and Taylor (1950). Distribution.— Low to intermediate elevations of the Pacific versant from northeastern Sinaloa southeastern to Guanajuato and Puebla, Mexico (including the Tres Marias Islands), and southward to central Guerrero, Mexico; also on the Atlantic versant in Hidalgo, Puebla, and central Veracruz, Mexico. Systematic references. — McDiarmid and Folke (1991); McDiarmid (1992). Remarks.— This species was regarded as monotypic by McDiarmid (1992), who synonymized Tantilla deviatrix Barbour, 1916, given subspecific status within 7: bocourti by Smith and Laufe (1945), with 7: wilcoxi Stejneger, 1902. McDiarmid and Folke (1991) noted that two specimens were originally included under the number MNHNP 3694, and that one of them was sent to another museum (probably the British Museum of Natural History) in 1894. They concluded that such did occur and that the sent specimen is now BMNH 1946.1.8.70. They noted that lectotype designation was accomplished by Boulenger (1896a), and that as a consequence, the specimen MNHNP 3694 currently in the Paris Museum is the paralectotype of 7: bocourti. Tantilla brevicauda Mertens Tantilla brevicauda Mertens, 1952: 137. Holotype.— Forschungsinstitut und Natur-Museum Senckenberg (SMF) 43243 43243, female, collected 12 November 1951 by A. Zilch. Type-locality — El Grito, Finca Los Angeles, Cumbre de Jayaque, 1510 m, Depto. La Libertad, El Salvador, collected 12 November 1951 by A. Zilch. Distribution.— Moderate and intermediate elevations in southcentral and northeastern El Salvador and south-central Guatemala. Systematic references. — Wilson (1982b, 1988b). Remarks.— The possible relationships of this diminutive species (within the taeniata group) are discussed by Wilson (1982b) and Wilson et al. (1999). Tantilla briggsi Savitzky and Smith Tantilla briggsi Savitzky and Smith, 1971: 167. Holotype.— University of Colorado Museum (UCM) 40000, adult male, collected between July and September, 1968 by Thomas MacDougall. Type-locality— 12 de Julio, Oaxaca, Mexico. Distribution. — Known only from the type locality. Systematic references. — Savitzky and Smith (1971); Wilson (1985f). Remarks.— This species remains known from only the holotype. Tantilla calamarina Cope Tantilla calamarina Cope, 1866: 320. Tantilla bimaculata Cope, "1875" (1876): 143. Tantilla martindeleampoi Taylor, "1936" (1937): 347. Holotype.— National Museum of Natural History (USNM) 6600, adult female, collected by J. J. Major, date of collection unknown. Type-locality — Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico (locality questioned by Peters, 1954, and Zweifel, 1959; the latter suggested the state of Colima as the most likely source of the holotype). Distribution. — Low, moderate, and intermediate elevations of the Pacific versant from Sinaloa to Guerrero and Morelos, including the Tres Marias Islands. An unconfirmed record exists for Tezuitlan, Puebla, Mexico. The type locality is, most likely, in error. Systematic references. — Wilson and Meyer (1981); Wilson (1988c). Tantilla capistrata Cope Tantilla capistrata Cope, 1876: 181. Holotype.— Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia (ANSP) 11581, juvenile female, collected by James Orton, date of collection unknown. Type-locality— Valley of Jequetepeque, Depto. La Libertad, Peru. Distribution.—Low to intermediate elevations of nortwestern coastal Peru and the valleys of the upper Rio Marajion, Rio Chincipe, and Rio Chamaya, as well as the provinces of El Oro and Loja in extreme southern Ecuador. Systematic references. — Wilson and Mena (1980); Wilson (1987a, 1990a); Pérez-Santos and Moreno (1991). Tantilla cascadae Wilson and Meyer Tantilla cascadae Wilson and Meyer, 1981: 13. Holotype.— American Museum of Natural History (AMNH) 107389, female, collected in June, 1939 by D. F. Brand. Type-locality — Tzararacua Falls (= Cascada la Tzararacua), S of Uruapan (10.5 km south, according to Duellman, 1961), Michoacan, Mexico, collected by D. F. Brand in June, 1939. Distribution.— Known only from the type locality. Systematic references. — Wilson and Meyer (1981); Wilson (1988d). Remarks.— This species remains known from but a single specimen. Tantilla coronadoi Hartweg Tantilla coronadoi Hartweg, 1944: 4. Holotype.— University of Michigan Museum of Zoology (UMMZ) 85697, female, collected by Wilmot W. Brown, date of collection unknown. Type-locality.— vicinity of Chilpancingo, Guerrero, Mexico. Distribution — Moderate and intermediate elevations of the Pacific versant in central Guerrero, Mexico. Systematic references. — Wilson and Meyer (1981); Wilson (1990b). Tantilla coronata Baird and Girard Tantilla coronata Baird and Girard, 1853: 131. Homalocranium wagneri Jan, 1862: 51. Tantilla coronata mitrifer Schwartz, 1953: 153. Holotype.— National Museum of Natural History (USNM) 1875 (according to Cochran, 1961), adult female collected by D. C. Lloyd, date of collection unknown. Type-locality—Kemper Co., Mississippi, USA. Distribution —Low elevations in Florida west of the Appalachicola River westward to the Mississippi River and northward to southern Indiana and Virginia in the United States. Systematic references. — Telford (1966, 1982). Tantilla cucullata Minton Tantilla cucullata Minton, 1956: 449. Tantilla diabola Fouquette and Potter, 1961: 144 Holotype.— Field Museum of Natural History (FMNH) 74384, adult male, collected 1 July 1955 by Sherman A. Minton, Jr. Type-locality — 6 mi SSE Alpine, Brewster Co., Texas, USA. Distribution — Big Bend and Trans-Pecos regions of southwestern Texas in the United States. Systematic references. — Dixon et al. (In Press). Remarks.— This taxon has had a checkered taxonomic history, but recently has been elevated from subspecific status within 7. rubra to full specific status by Dixon et al. (In press). It is presumably the sister taxon of 7. rubra (Dixon et al., In press). Tantilla cuniculator Smith Tantilla moesta cuniculator Smith, 1939: 32. Holotype.— Field Museum of Natural History (FMNH) 19408, juvenile female, collected in 1934 by Eunice Blackburn. Type-locality — Mérida, Yucatan, Mexico. Distribution — Low elevations of the Yucatan Peninsula in the Mexican states of Yucatan and Quintana Roo and in the northern portion of Belize. Systematic references. — Wilson (1982b, 1985g). Tantilla deppei (Bocourt) Homalocranion deppei Bocourt, 1883: 584. Lectotype — Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris (MNHNP) 54, adult male, collected by M. Ghiesbreght, date of collection unknown. Type-locality — "Mexico," restricted to vicinity of Huitzilac, Morelos, Mexico, by Davis and Smith (1953). Distribution — Intermediate elevations of the Pacific versant in northern Morelos and northwestern Oaxaca, Mexico. Systematic references. — Wilson and Meyer (1981); Wilson (1988e). Tantilla equatoriana Wilson and Mena Tantilla equatoriana Wilson and Mena, 1980: 23. Holotype_— National Museum of Natural History (USNM) 198530, adult (?) male, collected in May 1951 by M. Olalla. Type-locality — San Lorenzo, Prov. Esmeraldas, Ecuador. Distribution. — Known only from the type locality. Systematic references. — Wilson and Mena (1980); Wilson (1987a, 1988f). Tantilla flavilineata Smith and Burger Tantilla flavilineata Smith and Burger, 1950: 117. Holotype.— University of Illinois Museum of Natural History (UIMNH) 6321, adult female, adult female, collected 23 August 1949 by Jack and W. Leslie Burger. Type-locality— 8 mi SE Nochixtlan, Oaxaca, Mexico. Distribution.— Intermediate elevations of the central portion of the Mexican state of Oaxaca. Systematic references. — Wilson and Meyer (1971); Wilson (1985h). Tantilla gracilis Baird and Girard Tantilla gracilis Baird and Girard, 1853: 132. Holotype.— Stated to be University of Michigan Museum of Zoology (UMMZ) 3781 by Kluge (1984), but the previous number given this specimen is USNM 4500, a number for a lot of 11 specimens, two of which are still in the USNM collection, which specimens were not likely to have been available to Baird and Girard (1853), inasmuch as this lot was collected by Captain Pope on the Pacific Railroad Survey at about the same time as Baird and Girard published their work (dated 5 January 1853). It is likely that the real holotype is either USNM 2040 or 2041, both of which are indicated in the USNM catalogue to be from Indianola, Texas, and to have been collected by J. D. Graham. Neither of these specimens, however, currently can be located (Steve W. Gotte, in litt.). Type-locality — Indianola, Calhoun Co., Texas, USA (but see above). Distribution.— Low to moderate elevations (0-610 m) from eastern Kansas, southern Missouri, and extreme southwestern Illinois south to northwestern Louisiana, eastern and southern Texas, USA, and northeastern Coahuila, Mexico. Isolated populations occur in eastern Texas and the Texas Panhandle in the United States. Systematic references. — Hardy and Cole (1968). Tantilla hobartsmithi Taylor Tantilla hobartsmithi Taylor, "1936" (1937): 339 (part). Tantilla utahensis Blanchard, 1938: 372. Holotype.— University of Illinois Museum of Natural History (UIMNH) 25066, adult male collected 3 July 1934 by Edward H. Taylor. Type-locality — Near La Posa, 10 mi NW Guaymas, Sonora, Mexico. Distribution — Low, moderate, and intermediate elevations in a series of apparently disjunct populations from southern California through southern Nevada and Utah, western Colorado, Arizona, southern New Mexico, western Texas, USA, and western Sonora, eastern Chihuahua, and northern Coahuila, Mexico. Systematic references. — Cole and Hardy (1981, 1983b). Remarks.— See the 7. atriceps account. 10 Tantilla impensa Campbell . Tantilla impensa Campbell, 1998: 6. Holotype — UTA R-38196, adult female collected by E. N. Smith on 2 July 1994. Type-locality — Aldea San Miguelito (15°22'N, 88°43'W), elevation 460 m, Sierra de Caral, Municipio de Morales, Depto. Izabal, Guatemala. Distribution.— Near sea level to intermediate elevations of the Caribbean versant from eastern Chiapas, Mexico, through the mountains of central Guatemala to western Honduras. Systematic references. — Campbell (1998); Wilson and McCranie (In Press). Remarks.— Extensions of range of this species beyond those reported by Campbell (1998) into eastern Chiapas, Mexico, and western Honduras were recorded by Wilson and McCranie (In Press). Tantilla insulamontana Wilson and Mena Tantilla insulamontana Wilson and Mena, 1980: 24. Holotype.— University of Kansas Museum of Natural History (KU) 152207, adult (?) male, collected 12 June 1971 by Arthur C. Echternacht. Type-locality — Rio Minas, 15.1 km W Santa Isabel, elevation ca. 1250 m, Prov. Azuay, Ecuador. Distribution — Moderate to intermediate elevations of the Hoya de Jubones (Pacific drainage) in southern Ecuador. Systematic references. — Wilson and Mena (1980); Wilson (1987a, 1990c). Tantilla jani (Gunther) Homalocranium jani Gunther, 1895: 148. Tantilla cuesta Wilson, 1982b: 29. Lectotype.— British Museum of Natural History (BMNH) 1946.1.8.68, adult female, collected on behalf of F. D. Godman (perhaps by G. C. Champion), date of collection unknown. Type-locality — "Guatemala." Distribution — Known from certainty from the type locality of Tantilla cuesta (Finca San Julia, 1.5 km E San Rafael Pie de la Cuesta, elevation 1050 m, Depto. San Marcos, Guatemala), which name was synonymized with 7. jani by Campbell (1998; see immediately below). Systematic references. — Campbell (1998). Remarks.— Campbell (1998) demonstrated that the holotype of Zantilla cuesta Wilson, 1982b, is conspecific with the lectotype of Zantilla jani (Ginther), 1895. Furthermore, he showed that specimens allocated to 7. jani by Wilson and Meyer (1971) and Wilson (1982b, 19851) and 7. fusca by Slevin (1939) actually represent another taxon, described as Tantilla vulcani by him. Tantilla jani belongs to the taeniata group (Wilson, 1982b; Campbell, 1998). 11 Tantilla johnsoni Wilson, Vaughan, and Dixon Tantilla johnsoni Wilson et al., 1999: 1. Holotype.— Carnegie Museum of Natural History (CM) 51741, an adult (?) male collected 11 August 1968 by E. C. Welling M. Type-locality — Musté, Municipio Motozintla, approximate elevation 450 m, Chiapas, Mexico. Distribution — Known only from the type locality. Systematic references. — Wilson et al. (1999). Tantilla lempira Wilson and Mena Tantilla lempira Wilson and Mena, 1980: 25. Holotype.— Louisiana State University Museum of Zoology (LSUMZ) 26093, adult female, collected 3 June 1968 by Ernest A. Liner. Type-locality— 41 km NW Tegucigalpa, Depto. Francisco Morazan, Honduras. Distribution — Moderate to intermediate elevations of the Pacific versant of south-central Honduras. Systematic references. — Wilson and Mena (1980); Wilson (1982b, 1990d). Remarks.— An additional specimen of this species from a locality remote from the vicinity of the type locality was reported by Wilson (1984). Tantilla melanocephala (Linnaeus) Coluber melanocephalus Linnaeus, 1758: 218. Elapomorphus mexicanus Ginther, 1862: 57. Taniilla armillata Cope, "1875" (1876): 143. Homalocranium melanocephalum var. fuscum Bocourt, 1883: 589. Tantilla pallida Cope, 1887: 56. Pogonaspis ruficeps Cope, 1894: 204. Homalocranium melanocephalum var. fraseri Gunther, 1895: 148. Homalocranium melanocephalum var. pernambucense Ginther, 1895: 148. Homalocranium longifrontale Boulenger, 1896b: 17. Homalocranium hoffmanni Werner, 1909: 239. Elapomorphus nuchalis Barbour, 1914: 199. Holotype.— None designated. Type-locality— "America." Distribution.— Low to high elevations along both versants from Guatemala throughout Central America into South America as far south as southern Peru, Bolivia, northern Argentina, and Uruguay; also on the islands of Trinidad and Tobago. Systematic references. — Wilson and Mena (1980); Wilson (1982b, 1987a, 1992a). 12 Tantilla miyatai Wilson and Knight, in Wilson . Tantilla miyatai Wilson and Knight, in Wilson, 1987a: 12. Holotype — Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard University (MCZ) 166541, adult male, collected in September, 1983, by Giovanni Onore. Type-locality — Puero Quito (0°10'N, 79°16/W), Prov. Pichincha, Ecuador, collected by Giovanni Onore in September 1983. Distribution — Known only from the type locality. Systematic references. — Wilson (1987a, 1990e). Remarks.— This taxon is known only from the holotype. Tantilla moesta (Gunther) Homalocranium moestum Gunther, 1863: 352. Holotype.— British Museum of Natural History (BMNH) 1946.1.9.74 (formerly BMNH 64.1.26.119), female, collected by Osbert Salvin, date of collection unknown. Type-locality.— "Province of Peten" (Depto. El Petén, Guatemala); restricted to Flores, Depto. El Petén, Guatemala, by Smith and Taylor (1950). Distribution.— Low elevations of the Yucatan Peninsula in the Mexican states of Yucatan and Quintana Roo and the northern portion of the Guatemalan department of El Peten. Systematic references. — Wilson (1982b, 1988g). Tantilla nigra (Boulenger) Homalocranium nigrum Boulenger, 1914: 816. Holotype.— British Museum of Natural History (BMNH) 1946.1.8.69, female (?), received by museum in May, 1914 from Dr. H. G. F. Spurrell. Type-locality — Near Pefia Lisa, Condoto (5°06'N, 76°37'W), elevation ca. 91 m, Depto. Choco, Colombia. Distribution — Known only from the type locality. Systematic references. — Wilson (1987a, 1992b). Remarks.— This species remains known from only a single specimen. Tantilla nigriceps Kennicott Tantilla nigriceps Kennicott, 1860: 328. Scolecophis fumiceps Cope, "1860" (1861): 371. Homalocranion praeoculum Bocourt, 1883: 582. Tantilla kirnia Blanchard, 1938: 373. Syntypes.— National Museum of Natural History (USNM) 2046, not USNM 2040, as indicated by Smith and Taylor (1945: 140), collected by Captain Page, and USNM 4491, collected by Dr. S. W. Crawford. These specimens are not currently in the USNM collection (Steve W. Gotte, in litt.). Type-locality— Indianola to Nueces, Texas, and Fort Bliss, El Paso Co., Texas, restricted to the latter locality by Smith and Taylor (1950), which restriction, however, is invalid, as no lectotype has ever been designated. 13 Distribution.— Low, moderate, and intermediate elevations from southwestern Nebraska, eastern Colorado and western Kansas south through eastern and southern New Mexico, southeastern Arizona, and central and western Texas, USA, to eastern Chihuahua, northern Durango, and northern Tamaulipas in Mexico. Systematic references. — Cole and Hardy (1981). Tantilla oaxacae Wilson and Meyer Tantilla oaxacae Wilson and Meyer, 1971: 26. Holotype.— University of Illinois Museum of Natural History (UIMNH) 40910, adult male, collected in February, 1965 by Thomas MacDougall. Type-locality — Santo Tomas Teipan, Oaxaca, Mexico. Distribution.— Moderate and intermediate elevations of the Pacific versant of southeast- central Oaxaca, Mexico. Systematic references. — Wilson and Meyer (1971); Wilson (1990f). Tantilla oolitica Telford Tantilla oolitica Telford, 1966: 281. Holotype.— Florida Museum of Natural History (UF) 17326, adult male collected in April 1955, collector unknown. Type-locality.— In a vacant lot on southwest 27th Avenue near 27th Street, Miami, Dade County, Florida, USA. Distribution.— Low elevations in Dade and Monroe counties, Florida, USA. Systematic references. — Telford (1966, 1980a); Porras and Wilson (1979); Campbell and Moler in Moler (1992). Tantilla petersi Wilson Tantilla petersi Wilson, 1979: 274. Holotype.— University of Michigan Museum of Zoology (UMMZ) 92074, adult female, collected 10 June 1934 by P. Hershkowitz. Type-locality.— San Nicolas, Pimanpiro [= Pimampiro, 0°26'N, 77°58'W), Prov. Imbabura, Ecuador. Distribution.— Intermediate elevations of the extreme northern end of the Andean highlands of Ecuador. Systematic references. — Wilson (1979, 1987a, 1991a). Tantilla planiceps (Blainville) Coluber planiceps Blainville, 1835: 294. Tantilla eiseni Stejneger, "1895" (1896): 117. Tantilla eiseni transmontana Klauber, 1943: 71. Holotype.— Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris (MNHNP) 818, adult male collected in 1827-1829 by M. P. E. Botta. 14 Type-locality— "California," restricted to southern Baja California del Sur (Cabo San Lucas) by Smith and Taylor (1950); restriction accepted by Cole and Hardy (1981). Distribution — Low and moderate elevations from southern California, USA, to the cape region of Baja California del Sur, Mexico; also known from Isla del Carmen in the Gulf of California. Systematic references. — Cole and Hardy (1981, 1983c). Taniilla relicta Telford Tantilla relicta Telford, 1966: 270. Holotype.— Florida Museum of Natural History (UF) 12421, adult female, collected 26 December 1960 by Sam R. Telford, Jr. Type-locality.— South side of Babson Park, Polk Co., Florida, USA. Distribution — Low elevations of Peninsular Florida from southern Palm Beach, Highlands, and Charlotte counties north to Duval (based on sight records fide Telford, 1980), Columbia, and Taylor counties, USA. Systematic references. — Telford (1966, 1980b). Tantilla reticulata Cope T[antilla]. reticulata Cope, 1860: 77. Microdromus virgatus Ginther, 1873: 17. Homalocranium sexfasciatum Fischer, 1882: 225. Holotype.— Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia (ANSP) 3361 (lost; E. Malnate, pers. comm.). Type-locality — "Cocuyas de Veraguas, New Grenada" (= Cocuyas, Prov. Veraguas, Panama). Distribution — Low and moderate elevations of the Caribbean versant of Central America from southeastern Nicaragua to Panama and the Caribbean and Pacific versants of northwestern Colombia. Systematic references. — Wilson and Meyer (1971); Wilson (1982b, 1985j, 1987a). Tantilla rubra Cope Tantilla miniator Cope, 1863: 100 (see Remarks). Tantilla rubra Cope, "1875" (1876): 144. Homalocranium boulengeri Gunther, 1895: 148. Tantilla morgani Hartweg, 1944: 5 Holotype.— National Museum of Natural History (USNM) 26500, male, collected by Francois Sumichrast, catalogued 9 January 1900 after being retumed to the USNM from Cope's estate. Type-locality — "Japana" (= Tapanatepec), Oaxaca, Mexico. 15 Distribution.— Low, moderate, and intermediate elevations of the Atlantic versant from central Nuevo Leon, Mexico, to western Guatemala; also on the Pacific versant in Oaxaca, Mexico. Systematic references. — Dixon et al. (In press). Remarks.— This taxon was recently revised by Dixon et al. (In Press), who synonymized Tantilla miniata Cope, 1863, and 7. morgani Hartweg, 1944, with it. Given the priority of the name miniata over rubra, application will be made to the International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature to conserve the name rubra. Also see the 7. cucullata account. Tantilla schistosa (Bocourt) Homalocranion schistosum Bocourt, 1883: 584. Tantilla phrenetica Smith, 1942: 33. Lectotype.— Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris (MNHNP) 1883-506, sex, age status, and date of collection unknown, collected by M.-F. Bocourt (designated by Smith, 1942). Type-locality — "Alta Verapaz and Mexico," restricted to Depto. Alta Verapaz, Guatemala by Smith (1942). Distribution.— Low, moderate, and intermediate elevations of the Atlantic versant from Veracruz and Oaxaca, Mexico, to Panama. Systematic references. — Wilson (1982b, 1987b). Tantilla semicincta (Duméril, Bibron, and Duméril) Homalocranion semi-cinctum Dumeéeril, Bibron, and Duméril, 1854: 862. Homalocranium laticeps Gunther, 1860: 240. Homalocranion lineatum Fischer, 1883: 6. Holotype-— Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris (MNHNP) 3695, adult female, collector and date of collection unknown. Type-locality — "Martinique," in error. Listed as "Colombia" by Peters and Orejas- Miranda (1970), without justification. Distribution.— Low elevations of the Caribbean coastal regions of Colombia and Venezuela. Systematic references. — Wilson (1976, 1987a, 1990g). Remarks.— This species has both banded and striped phases (Wilson, 1976). Tantilla shawi Taylor Tantilla shawi Taylor, 1949: 207. Holotype.— Louisiana State University Museum of Zoology (LSUMZ) 306, adult male, collected 28 August 1947 by Charles R. Shaw. Type-locality — Xilitla region (Rancho Miramar Grande), ca. 4500 feet (= ca. 1372 m), San Luis Potosi, Mexico. Distribution.— Moderate elevations of the Atlantic versant on the eastern slopes of the Sierra Madre Oriental of southwestern San Luis Potosi and northwestern Veracruz, Mexico. 16 Systematic references. — Taylor (1949); Wilson (1976, 1991b); Campbell et al. (1995). Remarks.— Two female specimens of this taxon, previously known from only the male holotype, were reported by Campbell et al. (1995). Campbell et al. (1995) indicated that this species appears to have no known close relatives within the genus. Tantilla slavensi Pérez-Higareda, Smith, and Smith Tantilla slavensi Pérez-Higareda et al., 1985: 290. Holotype.— Herpetological collection of the Estacion Biolgia Tropical "Los Tuxtlas," Univ. Nac. Aut6noma México 1668, adult female, collected 17 April 1983 by Gonzalo Pérez- Higareda. Type-locality— Cerro Chochobi, El Acuyal area, 8 km NW Catemaco, elevation 800 m, Veracruz, Mexico. Distribution. — Low to moderate (50-800 m) of the Atlantic versant in the Los Tuxtlas area of southeastern Veracruz, Mexico. Systematic references. — Pérez-Higareda et al. (1985); Pérez-Higareda and Smith (1991). Tantilla striata Dunn Tantilla striata Dunn, 1928: 3. Holotype — American Museum of Natural History (AMNH) 19745, adult male, collected in 1919 by Paul D. Ruthling. Type-locality — Mixtequillo, Oaxaca, Mexico. Distribution — Low and moderate elevations of the Pacific versant of the Isthmus of Tehuantepec in the Mexican state of Oaxaca. Systematic references. — Wilson and Meyer (1971); Wilson (1990h). Tantilla supracincta (Peters) Homalocranion supracinctum Peters, 1863: 272. Tantilla annulata Boettger, 1892: 419. Holotype.— Universitat Humboldt, Zoologisches Museum, Berlin (ZMB) 4791, adult female, collected in about 1860 by C. Reib. Type-locality — "Guayaquil," Prov. Guayas, Ecuador. Distribution — Low and moderate elevations of the Caribbean versant from extreme southeastern Nicaragua to central Panama; also on the Pacific versant in Costa Rica, Panama, and Ecuador. Systematic references. — Wilson (1982b, 1985d, 1987a). Remarks.— The name Jantilla annulata Boettger (1892), long used for this taxon, was placed in the synonymy of this taxon by Wilson (1987a). 17 Tantilla taeniata (Bocourt) Homalocranion taeniatum Bocourt, 1883: 587. Homalocranium trivittatum Miller, 1885. 678. Holotype.— Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris (MNHNP) 1666, adult male, collected by A. Bouvier, date of collection unknown. Type-locality — "Guatemala" (restricted to "vicinity of Guatemala City" by Campbell, 1998). Distribution.— Low to moderate elevations of both versants in southern Guatemala and western Honduras. Systematic references. — Campbell (1998). Remarks.— The concept of this taxon has changed markedly in recent years from that of Wilson and Meyer (1971), which changes were discussed by Campbell (1998), Smith et al. (1998), and Wilson and McCranie (In Press). Tantilla tayrae Wilson Tantilla tayrae Wilson, 1983: 54. Holotype.— Museum of Vertebrate Zoology, University of California, Berkeley (MVZ) 159203, adult male, collected 30 July 1978 by Robert L. Seib. Type-locality — Finca San Jeronimo, 7.5 km N (by rd.) Cacoahatan (= Cacahoatan or Cacahuatan), elevation 760 m, Volcan Tacana, Municipio de Union Juarez, Chiapas, Mexico. Distribution.— Moderate elevations of the slopes of Volcan Tacana on the Pacific versant of Chiapas, Mexico. Systematic references. — Wilson (1983, 1990i); Campbell (1988). Remarks.— Some comments on the status of this taxon are in Campbell (1998). Tantilla tecta Campbell and Smith Tantilla tecta Campbell and Smith, 1997: 333. Holotype.— University of Texas at Arlington (UTA) R-41160, adult female, collected 29 June 1992 by Cristian Granizo. Type-locality— Slope flanking NE side of Laguna Yaxha (17°03'43"N, 89°23'12"W), Depto. El Petén, Guatemala. Distribution.— Known only from the type locality Systematic references. — Campbell and Smith (1997). Remarks.— This taxon is known from only a single specimen. Tantilla trilineata (Peters) Leptocalamus trilineatus Peters, 1880: 221. Holotype.— Universitat Humboldt, Zoologisches Museum, Berlin (ZMB) 9648, juvenile female, collected by H. Boeckmann, date of collection unknown. Type-locality. — "Brazil," apparently in error. Distribution — Unknown. Systematic references. — Wilson and Meyer (1971); Savitzky and Smith (1971). 18 Remarks.— This name was considered to be of indeterminate status by Wilson and Meyer (1971) and Wilson (1974), but to belong to a valid species by Savitsky and Smith (1971), as noted by Campbell (1998). In my opinion, its status still remains to be clarified, and it is here listed provisionally. If recognizable, it would belong to the taeniata group (Savitzky and Smith, 1971; Wilson and Meyer, 1971), as noted above. Tantilla triseriata Smith and Smith Tantilla triseriata Smith and Smith, 1951: 97. Holotype.— University of Illinois Museum of Natural History (UIMNH) 20198, adult female, collected on 9 October 1949 by Thomas MacDougall. Type-locality— Coatlan, Oaxaca, Mexico. Distribution.— Intermediate elevations of south-central Oaxaca, Mexico. Systematic references. — Smith et al. (1998). Remarks.— This taxon, placed in the synonymy of 7: taeniata (Bocourt), 1883, was recently resurrected by Smith et al. (1998). Tantilla tritaeniata Smith and Williams Tantilla tritaeniata Smith and Williams, 1966: 483. Holotype.— British Museum of Natural History (BMNH) 94.12.28.23, adult female, probably collected by G. F. Gaumer, date of collection unknown. Type-locality.— Isla Bonacca (= Isla de Guanaja), Islas de la Bahia, Honduras. Distribution — Isla de Guanaja, Islas de la Bahia, Honduras. Systematic references. — Wilson and McCranie (In press). Remarks.— This taxon, placed in the synonymy of 7. taeniata by Wilson and Meyer (1971), was recently resurrected by Wilson and McCranie (In Press). Tantilla vermiformis (Hallowell) Lioninia vermiformis Hallowell, 1861: 484. Lectotype.— National Museum of Natural History (USNM) 32338 (originally catalogued as USNM 5792, part of a lot), adult (?) female, collected by Wright on North Pacific Exploring Expedition, originally catalogued February-March 1861 and recatalogued 18 September 1903, after being returned to the USNM from Cope's estate (designated by VanDevender and Cole, 1977). Type-locality— "Nicaragua." Distribution.— Low elevations of the Pacific versant in El Salvador and from northwestern Nicaragua to northwestern Costa Rica. Systematic references. — Van Devender and Cole (1977); Wilson (1982b, 1987c); Duefias et al. (In press). Remarks.— This species was recently reported from El Salvador by Dueijias et al. (in press). Its relationships to 7. brevicauda and to members of the calamarina group were recently discussed by Wilson et al. (1999). 19 Tantilla vulcani Campbell Tantilla vulcani Campbell, 1998: 11. Holotype — UTA R-21772, adult female collected by Carlos Miron, April-May 1986. Type-locality. — Finca El Carmen, km 197.5 on CA-2, 518 m elevation, Depto. Quezaltenango, Guatemala. Distribution.— Low to moderate elevations (518-610 m) of the Pacific versant from eastern Oaxaca, Mexico, to south-central Guatemala. Systematic references. — Campbell (1998). Remarks.— This name was given by Campbell (1998) to material reported erroneously as T. fusca by Slevin (1939) and 7: jani by Wilson and Meyer (1971) and Wilson (19851). In addition to the material reported by Campbell (1998) in the original description, Wilson (1982b) reported a specimen of this species from extreme southeastern Chiapas, Mexico (CAS 140961). Tantilla wilcoxi Stejneger Tantilla wilcoxi Stejneger, 1902: 156. Tantilla deviatrix Barbour, 1916: 93. Tantilla wilcoxi rubricata Smith, 1942: 40. Holotype.— USNM 19674, juvenile male collected in 1892 by Timothy E. Wilcox, M.D. Type-locality — Fort Huachuca, Huachuca Mts., Cochise Co., Arizona, USA. Distribution.— Moderate to intermediate elevations of both versants from extreme southern Arizona southward and eastward through southwestern Chihuahua, northeastern Sinaloa, central Durango, Zacatecas, southeastern Coahuila, southern Nuevo Leon, and western San Luis Potosi in Mexico. Systematic references. — Cole and Hardy (1981); Liner (1983). Remarks.— The name Jantilla deviatrix Barbour, 1916, formerly attached to a purported subspecies of 7: bocourti by Smith and Laufe (1945), was placed in the synonymy of this species by McDiarmid (1992). Tantilla yaquia Smith Tantilla yaquia Smith, 1942: 41. Tantilla bogerti Hartweg, 1944: 1. Holotype.— Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard University (MCZ) 43274, female, collected in August 1936 by Howard S. Gentry. Type-locality — Guasaremos, Rio Mayo, Chihuahua, Mexico. Distribution — Low, moderate, and intermediate elevations of the Pacific versant from southeastern Arizona, USA, to Nayarit, Mexico. Systematic references. — McDiarmid (1968, 1977); Cole and Hardy (1981). 20 Key o This identification key is based on those in Wilson (1982a, 1982b, 1987a) and Wilson et al. (1999), as well as other published and unpublished information. 1. Dorsum of body with lineate or transversely-banded pattern ------------------------------ 2 Dorsum of body unicolor or nearly SO ------------------------------- 2a noma nnn nnn nnn nnn nna 39 2. Dorsum of body with transversely-banded pattern ------------------------------------------ 3 Dorsum of body with lineate pattern --------------------------------------------------------- 5 3. Dorsal pattern of black-bordered pale crossbars on a dark red ground color (reddish brown to brown in preservative), frequently divided middorsally, with right and left portions displaced longitudinally and alternating with one another ------------------ T. supracincta Dorsal pattern not as above --------------------------------------------------n0nenene nnn 4 4. Dorsal pattern of narrow transverse cream bands restricted to the anterior portion of the body on a bluish black to black ground color -------------------------------------- T. shawi Dorsal pattern of black crossbands over length of body on pale ground color ----------- wanna nn nanan anna nn nnn nnn nn nn nnn nnn nnn nnn nnn nn nnn nnn nnn nnn nnn nnn enna nnn T. semicincta (part) 5. Dorsal pattern of at least one dark middorsal stripe ---------------------------------------- 6 Dorsal pattern of at least one pale middorsal stripe, well defined or not, present length of body Or nOt --------------------------------------------- $222 -n nnn nnn nnn nnn nnn nnn nnn nnnnnn LZ 6. Subcaudals fewer than 30 (19-28) -------------------------------------------- T. vermiformis Subcaudals more than 30 ---------------------------------------------------------------------- q| 7. Dark nape band absent, pale nuchal spots in contact or confluent with dorsal ground Dark nape band present, pale nuchal markings separated from dorsal ground color -- 12 8. Supralabials 6, rarely 5 ------------------------------------------------------------------------- 9 Supralabials 7, rarely 6 ------------------------------------------------------- 2-220 --020 200 20> 10 9. Two postoculars; dark lateral stripe present only on forebody ---------------- T. cascadae Single postocular; dark lateral stripe extends length of body --------------- T. calamarina 10. Seventh supralabial in contact with parietal, separating anterior temporal from posterior ONe --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- T. coronadoi Seventh supralabial separated from parietal, anterior and posterior temporals in contact with one another ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 11 21 11. Middorsal dark stripe relatively broad, occupying as little as all of middorsal scale row 12. 14. U5: 16. or as much as middorsal row and adjacent halves of paravertebral rows; head pattern of spatulate dark anterior extension of middorsal dark stripe flanked by narrow longitudinal pale markings and short pale middorsally-interrupted nuchal collar set off markedly from ground color of dorsolateral field -------------------------------- T. deppei Middorsal dark stripe relatively narrow, occupying middle of middorsal row, connected to dark markings along medial edges of scales of paravertebral row; head pattern of brown head cap with two corniform anterior extensions, followed by two pale nuchal spots, which grade posteriorly into dorsal ground color --------------- T. insulamontana Length of venter with narrow irregular median dark line ----------------------- T. miyatai No markings on medial portion of venter ------------------------------------------------- 13 . Dorsum of head with extensive pale pigment on dark background, including large pale marking on snout, confluent with pale markings on supraoculars and anterolateral portion of parietals, latter in contact with postocular pale spot ------------- T. andinista Pale markings on head confined to markings on snout (if present) and pale pre- and postocular spots ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- 14 Dorsal pattern multilineate, consisting of many dark stripes on a pale ground color, including dark stripes on dorsolateral field --------------------------------- T. equatoriana Color pattern not as above, no dark striping on dorsolateral field --------------------- 15 Dorsal ground color tan with a narrow, diffuse, poorly-defined middorsal stripe and no pale lateral stripe; pale nuchal band complete or medially divided; head cap same color as dark nape band ------------------------------------------------- T. capistrata (part) Dorsal pattern not as above ---------------------------------------------------------------- 16 Head pattern of brown head cap with pair of small, indistinct nuchal spots, largely confined to scales posterior to parietals, and no dark lateral extension of head cap between postocular pale spots and pale pigment on lateral gulars; subcaudals relatively low, 36-44 -------------------------------------------------------------- T. lempira Color pattern variable, but head pattern of cream to dark brown head cap with pale nuchal collar complete, divided medially, divided medially and laterally, or reduced to two small spots centered on parietals, and dark lateral extension of head cap between postocular pale spot and pale pigment on lateral gulars usually present (except in some specimens from Costa Rica and western Panama); subcaudals variable, but relatively high, 41-92 --------------------------------------------- T. melanocephala (part) U7: 18. 19 20. 2: 23. py 26. 22 Dorsal pattern of pair of dark dorsolateral fields three and two half scales in width» flanking pale middorsal stripe occupying middorsal scale row and adjacent halves of paravertebral rows on otherwise pale ground color ----------------- T. semicincta (part) Dorsal pattern not as above ---------------------------------------------2 7-922-022-0222 200 2== 18 Pale middorsal stripe absent ----------------------------------------------------------------- 19 Pale middorsal stripe present --------------------------------------------------------------- 23 Pale lateral stripe present the length of body ---------------------------------------------- 20 Pale lateral stripe interrupted along middle of body or present only on anterior portion of body --------------------------------------------------------------- 2-2-0 2-2002no== 21 Pale nuchal band reduced to two nuchal spots; pale lateral stripe well developed ------- wanna nnn nn nnn nnn nnn nnn nn nnn nnn nnn nn nn nn nn nnn nnn nnn nn nnn nnn nena nnn nn nanan neces T. jani (part) Pale nuchal band complete; pale lateral stripe barely discernible --------- T. cuniculator Pale lateral stripe present, but interrupted along middle of body --------------- T. briggsi Pale lateral stripe confined to anterior portion of body --------------------------------- 22 . Pale nuchal band poorly developed, confined to scales posterior to parietals; subcaudals fewer than 60 (44-49) -------------------------------------------------------- T. tayrae (part) Pale nuchal band well developed and crossing posterior portion of parietals; subcaudals more than 60 (single value known, 62) ----------------------------------------- T. johnsoni Pale middorsal stripe poorly developed, consisting of a series of small disjunct spots confined to some amount of the anterior portion of body or present its length, or a slight paling of the color of middorsal row ----------------------------------------------- 24 Pale middorsal stripe well developed, confined to middorsal row or occupying middorsal row and adjacent portions of paravertebral rows ---------------------------- 28 24. Pale nuchal band divided both medially and laterally, upper segments appearing as a pair of pale spots ---------------------------------------------------------------- T. jani (part) Pale nuchal band complete or middorsally divided -------------------------------------- 25 Pale nuchal band poorly developed, confined to scales posterior to parietals, divided broadly middorsally or both middorsally and laterally -------------------- T. tayrae (part) Pale nuchal band well developed, complete or middorsally divided, beginning on the middle to posterior portion of parietals --------------------------------------------------- 26 Pale lateral stripe present, occupying adjacent portions of dorsal rows 3 and 4 ---------- = anne ee ed et T. vulcani 2th 28. 7), 30. Big 32. 33) 34. 35 36. 37 23 Barely to well-discernible dark nape band present, grading into ground color of dorsum; most of internasals and prefrontals cream colored; well-developed pre- and postocular pale spots present ----------------------------------------------------------- T. alticola (part) No dark nape band present; internasals and prefrontals same color as rest of head or only slightly paler; preocular pale spot absent; postocular pale spot usually poorly developed to absent ------------------------------------------------------- T. schistosa (part) Subcaudals fewer than 30 (21-26) -------------------------------------------- T. brevicauda Subcaudals more than 30 ------------------------------------------------------------------- 29 Pale lateral stripe occupying row 4 and adjacent halves of rows 3 and 5 --------------- 30 Pale lateral stripe occupying adjacent halves of rows 3 and 4 --------------------------- 32 Pale nuchal collar not crossing ultimate supralabial ----------------------------- T. oaxacae Pale nuchal collar crossing ultimate supralabial ------------------------------------------- 31 Pale nuchal collar complete; venter essentially immaculate; subcaudals 55 or fewer ----- wana nn nnn n nnn nnn nnn nn nnn nnn nnn nnn nnn enna nnn nnn nnn nnn nnn nena nnn nn nn nn nnn anne T. flavilineata Pale nuchal collar divided medially; well-defined dark stripe present on lateral edges of ventrals; subcaudals 58 or more ------------------------------------------------- T. reticulata Pale nuchal band reduced to two nuchal spots: subcaudals 42 or fewer (31-42) ---------- wannn---------------- === $2 $= 2-22-2222 n= == === == === == === === === T. striata Pale nuchal band complete, divided medially, or both medially and laterally ---------- 33 Pale middorsal stripe confined to middorsal row ------------------------------------------ 34 Pale middorsal stripe present on middorsal scale row and adjacent portions of paravertebral rows --------------------------------------------------------------------------- 38 Ventrals fewer than 150 ---------------------------------------------------------------------- 35 Ventrals 155 or more ------------------------------------------------------------------------ 36 . Pale lateral stripe continues onto distal portion of tail ------------------------------ T. tecta Pale lateral stripe does not continue onto tail ---------------------------------- T. trilineata Ventrals 163 or more (163-172); subcaudals 68 or more (68-72) ------------ T. impensa Ventrals 161 or fewer; subcaudals 65 or fewer ------------------------------------------ 37 . Pale middorsal stripe becoming gradually obscured and fragmented posteriorly; subcaudals 56 or fewer (52-56) -------------------------------------------------- T. slavensi Pale middorsal stripe well developed the length of body; subcaudals 59 or more (59-65) -------------------------------------------------------------------- T. tritaeniata 24 38. Dorsolateral and ventrolateral dark fields uniform in color, dark edging of pale middorsal 39) 40. 41. 42. 43. 44. 45. 46. 47. 48. and lateral stripes not evident; middorsal pale stripe confined to middorsal scale row anteriorly, expanding onto adjacent portions of paravertebral rows posteriorly; scales of first dorsal scale row unpigmented on anterior half or more of body ------- T. triseriata Middorsal and lateral pale stripes dark edged, this edging darker than dorsolateral and ventrolateral dark fields; middorsal pale stripe occupying middorsal scale row and adjacent portions of paravertebral rows the length of body; upper half of first dorsal scale row darkly pigmented the length of body -------------------------------------------- T. taeniata Postocular single ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 40 Postoculars usually 2 ------------------------------------------------------------------------ 43 Head and nape white, remainder of dorsum dark olive ------------------------- T. albiceps Dorsal coloration not as above ------------------------------------------------------------- 41 Dorsum and venter black -------------------------------------------------------------- T. nigra Dorsal coloration not as above ------------------------------------------------------------- 42 Dorsum of head only slightly darker than remainder of body ------------------ T. gracilis Dorsum of head distinctly darker than remainder of body -------------------- T. atriceps Dorsum and venter dark brown to black ------------------------------------------ T. moesta Coloration not as above -------------------------------------------------------------------- 44 Color of dorsum of head essentially the same as that of dorsum of body -------------- 45 Color of dorsum of head distinctly darker than that of dorsum of body --------------- 49 No pale nuchal band present -------------------------------------------------------- T. petersi Pale nuchal band present ------------------------------------------------------------------- 46 Ventrals more than 160 (163-164) -------------------------------------------------- T. bairdi Ventrals fewer than 155 ------------------------------------------------------=------------- 47 Pale preocular spot absent; pale postocular spot present or not ------- T. schistosa (part) Both pale pre- and postocular spots present ---------------------------------------------- 48 Well-developed complete pale nuchal band present, beginning on posterior portion of parietals ----------------------------------------------------------------------- T. alticola (part) Poorly-developed broadly middorsally-interrupted pale nuchal band present, confined to scales posterior to parietals -------------------------------------------------- T. tayrae (part) 49. 50. Sit 32: 53), 54. 35! 56. 5 58. Ssh 60. 25 Entire head dark above and below to point 3 to 4 scales posterior to parietals ----------- --------------------------------------------------- === == 22-2 ------ 2-2 == 2-22 - == T. cucullata (part) Head pattern not as above -------------------------------------------------------02-0----=-- 50 Pale nuchal band absent ---------------------------------------------------------------------- 51 Pale nuchal band present -------------------------------------------------------------------- 53 Head cap convex or pointed posteriorly ---------------------------------------- T. nigriceps Head cap straight edged posteriorly --------------------------------------- T. oolitica (part) Hemipenis with 1 basal hook; ventrals 115-142 --------------------------- T. relicta (part) Hemipenis with 2 basal hooks; ventrals 135-146 ------------------------ T. oolitica (part) Pale nuchal band crossing posterior portion of parietals --------------------------------- 54 Pale nuchal band bordering parietals or present 1-3 scales posterior to parietals ---- 63 Dorsum of body coral red, reddish brown, or reddish tan ------------------------ T. rubra Color of dorsum of body not as above --------------------------------------------------- 55 Ventrals 160 or more ------------------------------------------------------------------------ 56 Ventrals fewer than 160 -------------------------------------------------------------------- 58 Dark nape band 3 or more scales in length ----------------------- T. melanocephala (part) Dark nape band 2 or fewer scales in length ----------------------------------------------- 7) Secondary temporal elongate; ventrals 140-164; black head cap extending ventrally to or below corner of mouth, including parts of 6th and 7th infralabials ------ _T. wilcoxi (part) Secondary temporal about same size as dorsal body scales; ventrals 160-195; black head cap does not reach commer of mouth nor extend below it onto 6th and 7th infralabials -------------------------------------------------------------- T. bocourti (part) Dark nape band 1.5 scales long or fewer ---------------------------------- T. wilcoxi (part) Dark nape band usually 2 scales or more in length -------------------------------------- 59 Pale nuchal band present, usually divided both medially and laterally ---------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------------- T. melanocephala (part) Pale nuchal band present or not; if present, usually complete or divided only medially --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 60 Dark nape band bounded posteriorly by pale neck band --------------------- T. capistrata No pale neck band present posterior to dark nape band --------------------------------- 61 26 61. Hemipenis with a single basal hook in basal third of organ ---------------------- T. relicta Hemipenis with two basal hooks, one in basal third of organ and the other in mesal third --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 62 62. Prominent pale nuchal band present, usually 3 or fewer scales in length at dorsal midline ---------------------------------------------------------------------- T. coronata No prominent pale nuchal band usually present, if so, broken middorsally and usually confined to scales posterior to parietals ------------------------------------------ T. oolitica 63. Pale nuchal band distinct, bordered behind by dark nape band -------------------------- 64 Pale nuchal band distinct or not, not bordered posteriorly by dark pigment, or, if so, pigment reduced to series of spots --------------------------------------------------------- 65 64. Pale nuchal band complete; subcaudals 38-63 --------------------------- T. bocourti (part) Pale nuchal band indistinctly to completely medially divided; subcaudals 63-83 --------- wanna nnn nn nnn enna nnn nnn nnn enna nnn nnn nnnnnnnnnnn nnn nnn anne nn nnn nn en eee T. cucullata (part) 65. Black head cap does not extend laterally below angle of mouth --------- T. hobartsmithi Black head cap extends laterally below angle of mouth --------------------------------- 66 66. Extensive white postocular spot present, extending onto lower one-fourth to three-fourths of anterior temporal ------------------------------------------------- T. yaquia No white pigment on anterior temporal ---------------------------------------- T. planiceps Distributional Commentary The genus 7antilla is distributed from southern Virginia, southern Indiana, southwestern Illinois, southern Missouri, southwestern Nebraska, Kansas, eastern and extreme western Colorado, southern Utah, southern Nevada, and southern California, south through the peninsula of Baja California, and the large majority of mainland Mexico, throughout Central America, and into South America as far south as southern Peru, Bolivia, northern Argentina, and Uruguay. The genus is also distributed on Isla del Carmen in the Gulf of California, the Tres Marias Islands off the Pacific coast of mainland Mexico, the Bay Islands of Honduras, and Trinidad and Tobago in the British West Indies. Four major regions, thus, are inhabited by species of Tantilla (Table 1). They are the United States, Mexico, Central America, and South America. The United States is occupied by 11 species in the genus (Table 1). Three of these species (7: coronata, T. oolitica, and T. relicta) are distributed east of the Mississippi River Valley. The remaining eight species (7. atriceps, T. cucullata, T. gracilis, T. hobartsmithi, T. nigriceps, T. planiceps, T. wilcoxi, and T. yaquia) occur largely west of the Mississippi River Valley. The only species of western U.S. Tantilla i, residing east of this valley is 7. gracilis, which occurs in extreme southwestern Illinois. Four species are endemic (36.4%) to the United States (7. coronata, T. cucullata, T. oolitica, and T. relicta). Mexico is the region inhabited by the largest number of species in the genus, 1.e., twenty-seven (Table 1). Seven of these 27 species also occur in the United States (7. atriceps, T. gracilis, T. hobartsmithi, T. nigriceps, T. planiceps, T. wilcoxi, and T. yaquia). Tantilla cucullata is the only species occurring west of the Mississippi River Valley that has not been recorded in Mexico, although it occurs just to the north of the Rio Grande Valley in the Big Bend and Trans-Pecos regions of western Texas. Fourteen species in the genus are endemic (51.9%) to Mexico (7. bocourti, T. briggsi, T. calamarina, T. cascadae, T. coronadoi, T. deppei, T. flavilineata, T. johnsoni, T. oaxacae, T. shawi, T. slavensi, T. striata, T. tayrae, and T. triseriata). Nineteen species of Tantilla reside in Central America (Table 1). Six of these species are shared with Mexico (T. cuniculator, T. impensa, T. moesta, T. rubra, T. schistosa, and T. vulcani). Most of these species have made relatively small inroads into either Mexico or Central America. Only 7. schistosa inhabits a significant range on either side of the Mexican- Central American border. Nine species of Zantilla are endemic (47.4%) to Central America (7: albiceps, T. bairdi, T. brevicauda, T. jani, T. lempira, T. taeniata, T. tecta, T. tritaeniata, and T. vermiformis). South America is home to twelve species of 7antilla (Table 1). Four of these species also occur in Central America (T. alticola, T. melanocephala, T. reticulata, and T. supracincta). Only one of these species (7. melanocephala) is broadly distributed in South America, and it is the most broadly distributed species of Zantilla. Eight species are endemic (66.7%) to South America (7. andinista, T. capistrata, T. equatoriana, T. insulamontana, T. miyatai, T. nigra, T. petersi, and T. semicincta). Tantilla, thus, is only one of twelve snake genera that are widely distributed enough to occur from the United States to South America (the other eleven are Coniophanes, Crotalus, Drymarchon, Drymobius, Lampropeltis, Leptodeira, Leptotyphlops, Masticophis, Micrurus, Oxybelis, and Rhadinaea). 28 Literature Cited * Baird, S. F., and C. Girard. 1853. Catalogue of North American reptiles in the museum of the Smithsonian Institution. Part I. Serpentes. Smithsonian Institution, Washington. xvi + 172 p. Barbour, T. 1914. A new snake from northern Brazil. Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington 27: 199- 200. . 1916. A new Tantilla from Mexico. Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington 29: 93-94. . 1925. A new frog and a new snake from Panama. Occas. Pap. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist. 5: 155-156. Blainville, M. H. D. de. 1835. Description de quelques especies de reptiles de la Californie, precedee de l'analyse de un systeme general d'erpetologie et d'amphibiologie. Pp. 233-296 and 4 pls. 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On a second collection of batrachians and reptiles made by Dr. H. G. F. Spurrell, F.Z.S., in the Choco, Colombia. Proc. Zool. Soc. London 1914: 813-817. Brown, B. C. 1950. An annotated check list of the reptiles and amphibians of Texas. Baylor Univ. Studies, Baylor Univ., Waco, Texas. xii + 257 p. Campbell, H. W., and P. E. Moler. 1992. Rim Rock Crowned Snake, Tantilla oolitica Telford. pp. 158-161. Jn Moler, P. E. (ed.). 1992. Rare and endangered biota of Florida. Vol. III. Amphibians and reptiles. Univ. Press Florida. xxvii + 291 p. Campbell, J. A. 1998. Comments on the identities of certain Zantilla (Squamata: Colubridae) from Guatemala, with the descriptions of two new species. Scientific Papers, Nat. Hist. Museum, Univ. Kansas 7: 1-14. ____, J. L. Camarillo R., and P. C. Ustach. 1995. Redescription and rediagnosis of Tantilla shawi (Serpentes: Colubridae) from the Sierra Madre Oriental of Mexico. Southwest. Nat. 40: 120-123. 29 , and E. N. Smith. 1997. 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Description of new American Squamata in the museum of the Smithsonian Institution, Washington. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia 15: 100-106. . 1866. Fifth contribution to the herpetology of tropical America. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia 18: 317-323. _ "1875" (1876). On the Batrachia and Reptilia of Costa Rica. J. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, ser. 2 8: 93-154. . 1876. Report on the reptiles brought by Professor James Orton from the middle and upper Amazon, and western Peru. J. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia 8: 159-183. _ 1887. Synopsis of the Batrachia and Reptilia obtained by H. H. Smith, in the province of Mato Grosso, Brazil. Proc. Amer. Philos. Soc. 24: 44-60. . 1894. Third addition to a knowledge of the Batrachia and Reptilia of Costa Rica. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia 46: 194-206. Davis, W. B., and H. M. Smith. 1953. Snakes of the Mexican state of Morelos. Herpetologica 8: 133-143. Dixon, J. R., R. K. Vaughan, and L. D. Wilson. In press. 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Sil McDiarmid, R. W. 1968. Variation, distribution and systematic status of the black-headed snake Jantilla yaquia Smith. Bull. So. California Acad. Sci. 67: 159-177. . 1977. Tantilla yaquia. Cat. Amer. Amph. Rept.: 198.1-198.2. . 1992. Systematic status of the San Luis Potosi black-headed snake, Tantilla deviatrix Barbour (Colubridae). Southwest. Nat., 37: 303-307. , and S. H. Folke. 1991. Tantilla bocourti. Cat. Amer. Amph. Rept.: 526.1-526.3. Mertens, R. 1952. Weitere neue Reptilien aus El Salvador. Zool. Anz. 149: 133-138. Minton, S. A., Jr. 1956. A new snake of the genus Jantilla from west Texas. Fieldiana Zool. 34: 449-452. Miiller, F. 1885. Vierter Nachtrag zum Katalog der herpetologischen Sammlung des Basler Museum. Verhand. Naturf. Ges. Basel 7: 668-717. Pérez-Higareda, G., and H. M. Smith. 1991. Ofidiofauna de Veracruz. Analisis taxonomico y zoogeografico. Ophidiofauna of Veracruz. Taxonomical and zoogeographical analysis. Instituto Bioldgico, Publicaciones Especiales 7 (Universidad Nacional Autonoma de México). 122 p. , , and R. B. Smith. 1985. A new species of Tantilla from Veracruz, Mexico. J. Herpetol. 19: 290-292. Pérez-Santos, C., and A. G. Moreno. 1991. Serpientes de Ecuador. Museo Regionale di Scienze Naturali Torino. Monogr. XI. 538 p. Peters, J. A. 1954. The amphibians and reptiles of the coast and coastal sierra of Michoacan, Mexico. Occ. Pap. Mus. Zool. Univ. Michigan 554: 1-37. , and B. Orejas-Miranda. 1970. Catalogue of the Neotropical Squamata: Part I. Snakes. Smithsonian Inst. Press, Washington. 346 p. Peters, W. 1863. Uber einige neue oder weniger bekannte Schlangenarten des zoologischen Museums zu Berlin. Monatsb. Akad. Berlin 1863: 272-289. . 1880. Uber neue oder weniger bekannte Amphibien des Berliner Zoologischen Museum (Leposoma dispar, Monopeltis (Phractogonus) jugularis, Typhlops depressus, Leptocalamus trilineatus, Xenodon punctatus, Elapomorphus erythronotus, Hylomantis fallax). Monatsber. Konigl. Preuss. Akad. Wissensch. Berlin 1880: 217-224. Porras, L., and L. D. Wilson. 1979. New distributional records for Tantilla oolitica Telford (Reptilia, Serpentes, Colubridae) from the Florida Keys. J. Herpetol. 13: 218-220. Savitsky, A. H., and H. M. Smith. 1971. A new snake from Mexico of the faeniata group of Tantilla. J. Herpetol. 5: 167-171. Schwartz, A. 1953. A new subspecies of crowned snake (Zantilla coronata) from the southern Appalachian mountains. Herpetologica 9: 153-157. Slevin, J. R. 1939. Notes on a collection of reptiles and amphibians from Guatemala I. Snakes. Proc. California Acad. Sci. (4) 23: 393-414. Smith, H. M. 1939. Notes on Mexican reptiles and amphibians. Field Mus. Nat. Hist. Publ. Zool. Ser. 24: 15-35. . 1942. A résumé of Mexican snakes of the genus 7antilla. Zoologica 27: 33-42. 32 , and W. L. Burger. 1950. A new snake (Zantilla) from Mexico. Herpetologica 6: 117- 119. , D. Chiszar, and F. van Breukelen. 1998. Resurrection of 7antilla triseriata (Reptilia: Serpentes) of Mexico. Southwest. Naturalist 43: 374-375. , O. Flores-Villela, and D. Chiszar. 1993. The generic allocation of Zantilla canula (Reptilia: Serpentes). Bull. Maryland Herpetol. Soc. 29: 126-129. , and L. E. Laufe. 1945. Mexican amphibians and reptiles in the Texas Cooperative Wildlife Collections. Trans. Kansas Acad. Sci. 48: 325-354. , and P. W. Smith. 1951. A new snake (Zantilla) from the Isthmus of Tehuantepec, Mexico. Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington 64: 97-100. , and E. H. Taylor. 1945. An annotated checklist and key to the snakes of Mexico. Bull. U. S. Natl. Mus. 187: 1-239. , and E. H. Taylor. 1950. Type localities of Mexican reptiles and amphibians. Univ. Kansas Sci. Bull. 33: 313-380. , and K. L. Williams. 1966. A new snake (Zantilla) from Las Islas de la Bahia, Honduras. Southwest. Naturalist 11: 483-487. Stejneger, L. "1895" (1896). Description of a new species of snake (Zantilla eiseni) from California. Proc. U.S. Natl. Mus. 18: 117-118. . 1902. The reptiles of the Huachuca Mountains, Arizona. Proc. U.S. Natl. Mus. 25: 149-158. Stuart, L. C. 1941. Some new snakes from Guatemala. Occas. Pap. Mus. Zool. Univ. Michigan 452: 1-7. Taylor, E. H. “1936" (1937). Notes and comments on certain American and Mexican snakes of the genus Jantilla, with descriptions of new species. Trans. Kansas Acad. Sci. 39: 335- 348. . 1949. A preliminary account of the herpetology of the state of San Luis Potosi, Mexico. Univ. Kansas Sci. Bull. 33: 169-215. . 1954. Further studies on the serpents of Costa Rica. Univ. Kansas Sci. Bull. 36: 673- 801. Telford, S. R., Jr. 1966. Variation among the southeastern crowned snakes, genus Jantilla. Bull. Florida State Mus., Biol. Sci. 19: 261-304. . 1980a. Tantilla oolitica. Cat. Amer. Amphib. Rept.: 256.1. . 1980b. Tantilla relicta. Cat. Amer. Amphib. Rept.: 257.1-257.2. . 1982. Tantilla coronata. Cat. Amer. Amphib. Rept.: 308.1-308.2. Van Devender, R. W., and C. J. Cole. 1977. Notes on a colubrid snake, Zantilla vermiformis, from Central America. Amer. Mus. Novitates 2625: 1-12. Werner, F. 1909. Uber neue oder seltene Reptilien des Naturhistorischen Museums in Hamburg. I. Schlangen. Mitt. Naturh. Mus. Hamburg 26: 205-247. S38) Wilson, L. D. 1974. Tantilla taeniata (Bocourt): An addition to the snake fauna of El Salvador. Bull. So. California Acad. Sci. 73: 53-54. . 1976. Variation in the South American colubrid snake Tantilla semicincta (Dumeéril, Bibron, and Dumeéril), with comments on pattern dimorphism. Bull. So. California Acad. Sci. 75: 42-48. . 1979. A new snake of the genus Zantilla from Ecuador. Herpetologica, 35: 274-276. . 1982a. Tantilla. Cat. Amer. Amphib. Rept.: 307.1-307.4. . 1982b. A review of the colubrid snakes of the genus 7antilla of Central America. Milwaukee Publ. Mus. Contrib. Biol. Geol (52): 1-77. . 1983. A new species of Tantilla (Serpentes: Colubridae) of the taeniata group from Chiapas, Mexico. J. Herpetol. 17: 54-59. . 1984. Additional notes on colubrid snakes of the genus 7antilla from tropical America. Herpetol. Rev. 15: 8-10. . 1985a. Rediscovery of Tantilla bairdi Stuart and a definite Guatemalan locality for Tantilla taeniata (Bocourt). Herpetol. Rev. 16: 105. . 1985b. Tantilla albiceps. Cat. Amer. Amphib. Rept.: 377.1. . 1985c. Tantilla andinista. Cat. Amer. Amphib. Rept.: 378.1. . 1985d. Tantilla annulata. Cat. Amer. Amphib. Rept.: 379.1. . 198Se. Tantilla bairdi. Cat. Amer. Amphib. Rept.: 380.1. . 1985f. Tantilla briggsi. Cat. Amer. Amphib. Rept.: 365.1. . 1985g. Tantilla cuniculator. Cat. Amer. Amphib. Rept.: 367.1. . 1985h. Tantilla flavilineata. Cat. Amer. Amphib. Rept.: 368.1. . 19851. Tantilla jani. Cat. Amer. Amphib. Rept., 369: 1. . 1985). Tantilla reticulata. Cat. Amer. Amphib. Rept.: 370.1. . 1986a. Tantilla alticola. Cat. Amer. Amphib. Rept.: 400.1. . 1987a. A résumé of the colubrid snakes of the genus Zantilla of South America. Milwaukee Publ. Mus. Contrib. Biol. Geol. (68): 1-35. . 1987b. Tantilla schistosa. Cat. Amer. Amphib. Rept.: 409.1-409.2. . 1987¢. Tantilla vermiformis. Cat. Amer. Amphib. Rept.: 410.1. . 1988a. The status of Tantilla excubitor Wilson. J. Herpetol. 22: 469-470. . 1988b. Tantilla brevicauda. Cat. Amer. Amphib. Rept.: 432.1. . 1988c. Tantilla calamarina. Cat. Amer. Amphib. Rept.: 433.1-433.2. . 1988d. Tantilla cascadae. Cat. Amer. Amphib. Rept.: 451.1. . 1988e. Tantilla deppei. Cat. Amer. Amphib. Rept.: 452.1. . 1988f. Tantilla equatoriana. Cat. Amer. Amphib. Rept.: 453.1. . 1988g. Tantilla moesta. Cat. Amer. Amphib. Rept.: 454.1. . 1990a. Tantilla capistrata. Cat. Amer. Amphib. Rept.: 475.1. . 1990b. Tantilla coronadoi. Cat. Amer. Amphib. Rept.: 501.1. . 1990c. Tantilla insulamontana. Cat. Amer. Amphib. Rept.: 502.1. . 1990d. Tantilla lempira. Cat. Amer. Amphib. Rept.: 476.1. . 1990e. Tantilla miyatai. Cat. Amer. Amphib. Rept.: 477.1. . 1990f. Tantilla oaxacae. Cat. Amer. Amphib. Rept.: 503.1. 34 . 1990g. Tantilla semicincta. Cat. Amer. Amphib. Rept.: 478.1. . . 1990h. Tantilla striata. Cat. Amer. Amphib. Rept.: 504.1. . 19901. Tantilla tayrae. Cat. Amer. Amphib. Rept.: 479.1. . 1991a. Tantilla petersi. Cat. Amer. Amphib. Rept.: 527.1. . 1991b. Tantilla shawi. Cat. Amer. Amphib. Rept.: 528.1. . 1992a. Tantilla melanocephala. Cat. Amer. Amphib. Rept.: 547.1-547.3. . 1992b. Tantilla nigra. Cat. Amer. Amphib. Rept.: 548.1. and J. R. McCranie. In press. The systematic status of Honduran populations of the Tantilla taeniata group (Serpentes: Colubridae), with notes on other populations. Amphibia-Reptilia. ____, and C. E. Mena. 1980. Systematics of the melanocephala group of the colubrid snake genus Tantilla. Mem. San Diego Soc. Nat. Hist. 11: 1-58. , and J. R. Meyer. 1971. A revision of the faeniata group of the colubrid snake genus Tantilla. Herpetologica 27: 11-40. , and . 1981. Systematics of the calamarina group of the colubrid snake genus Tantilla. Milwaukee Publ. Mus. Contrib. Biol. Geol. 42: 1-25. , R. K. Vaughan, and J. R. Dixon. 1999. Another new species of Tantilla of the taeniata group (Serpentes: Colubridae) from Chiapas, Mexico. J. Herpetol. 33: 1-5. Zweifel, R. G. 1959. The provenance of reptiles and amphibians collected in western Mexico by J. J. Major. Amer. Mus. Novitates 1949: 1-9. TABLE 1 Distribution of Species of Tantilla by Region America America ELSES CTS Aaa Rae aces] eee eee Comme lennon Gemmee eres torre | LUBELEISe Ey UemaReRe aT Caine wu i eames: ata] (aan! [aneeete’ cme ee rec cram. | [LGEINOLITS Ariel: aieeeo eee ol irmena arabe] | SORE TEN (aero ieonieerent (ween cease] iC a an et |e ae ee ee ee eee Licsnicl a aa a ae ae a ee EADOCCUri meee oP ie a OT Ie te | LIC (iy Sa Rae ee Se eee Gey a aes aaa Se ee eee eee Mitedtamaninaee Pee ene ee ek So LiGpnime RSs ale.) i ey Sa ees ie see [LISA mE a (a a a Ses a ee Ree i: Ci Ce a ae ee ee eee COnOnsta eee ee ea UGE ii ee a ae ee, ae ae mcumonlaton We ee Wek ee ee ke ie (eG a oe oe as os ag as aes ee eCuaLOnanAN on ee ee pighanilinesia See I | LS a aa art See (ee aed ew ee ee ee BIsOvARSmtitr i ee [Lani SS a a on i ia i ae ee ae Piasulamontanag cee ie Ie LE ae a Sey ae eee ee ee eee Picnnsonte ote = ae ee er ee ee LIciti ta ie a ae eae ee a ee (SC Ses) i, a i ii aa a Se Leino Sa a re See ie aa i ie eee plies teres een ae eee a ee ee Xe ee | ies ocean er ee ee ee A ee ESIPRICe DS ete ee ee ce ke es | [LCS SaaS ae eal] ey Se ee (COG! 2 oi i) a a Se ae re [cok a as Se ae eae ee Se RLSM EES (Say en on ae ee ey ae as ee (Li Ci a (ee ae ae ae ee Li i ee Sa ae ee ee ee ee Gini | ee ee ae ae ee See ee LER a. SaaS: Lee ee ee ee aes ee [sche | ln i ae aes ee Se it 2 aS ae ae ee es ee LCS i a Se he ae ee (nee i ea a ae ae eee eee (Lich a ae ee eee ee a ee (aT Ts 2 a a, a Cir SL Ee ee ee eee SY EEE Pee tr ee a ee ee ae EE ee ee | i. a ee 6. Se ee BS ES a es a | StS Sa eee es a] eee Se ee Re a] five) HERPETOFAUNA OF ESTADO FALCON, Soe NORTHWESTERN VENZUELA: REVI A CHECKLIST WITH GEOGRAPHICAL AND ECOLOGICAL DATA Abraham Mijares-Urrutia & Alexis Arends R. Universidad Francisco de Miranda SNITHSON Ay JAN 1 7 2005 \ES LIBRA SMITHSONIAN HERPETOLOGICAL INFORMATION SERVICE NO. 123 2000 SMITHSONIAN HERPETOLOGICAL INFORMATION SERVICE The SHIS series publishes and distributes translations, bibliographies, indices, and similar items judged useful to individuals interested in the biology of amphibians and reptiles, but unlikely to be published in the normal technical journals. Single copies are distributed free to interested individuals. Libraries, herpetological associations, and research laboratories are invited to exchange their publications with the Division of Amphibians and Reptiles. We wish to encourage individuals to share their bibliographies, translations, etc. with other herpetologists through the SHIS series. If you have such items please contact George Zug for instructions on preparation and submission. Contributors receive 50 free copies. Please address all requests for copies and inquiries to George Zug, Division of Amphibians and Reptiles, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington DC 20560 USA. Please include a self-addressed mailing label with requests. INTRODUCTION The distribution of amphibians and reptiles is incompletely documented, consequencely, national, regional or local list of species, genera or families are scarce but highly desirable. Recent effort of some Venezuelan biologists have begun to correct this lack of distributional data. La Marca (1997. Los Vertebrados Actuales y Fosiles de Venezuela. Museo de Ciene. y Tecnol. Mérida. Pp 298) and Péfaur (1992. Smiths. Herpetol. Info. Serv., 89:1-54) gave complete list of species of amphibians and reptiles but did not provide distribution data; Pritchard and Trebbau (1984. The Turtles of Venezuela. SSAR Contrib. Herpetol., 2:1-414) offered distributional maps for turtles and tortoises. La Marca (1992. Catalogo Taxonémico, Biogeografico y Bibliografico de las Ranas de Venezuela. Cuad. Geog. Univ. Los Andes, Mérida, 9:1-197) provided data on frogs and toads, and Lancini and Kornacker (1989. Die Schlangen von Venezuela. Verlag Armitano Edit., Caracas. Pp. 381) only on snakes. Our goal is to document the distribution of herpetofauna of the state of Falcon. Falcon lies in northwestern Venezuela and is an area (24800 km?) of extensive arid and semiarid coastal habits. It also contains moderately high, mountains between 830-2000 m). Falcén borders the Caribbean sea on the north, Lake of Maracaibo drainage on the west, and the coastal range on the southeast. Each region has a distinct ecological and climatic regime, and components of influences the = sdistmlbucivon tor) = he herpetofauna. Moreover, the geological ties the Falcon fauna with areas as distant as Guyanan Shield (Audemard. 1997. Abran Paso, 2(7):31-32). Other checklist of amphibians and reptiles are available, but they do not covered the entire region or the entire herpetofauna (Bisbal, 1990. Acta Cient. Venez., 41:177-185; Rivero-Blanco & Dixon, 1979. Monog. Mus. Nat. Hist. Univ. Kansas, 7:281-298; Roux, 1927. Verh. Nat. Ges. Basel, 38:251-261; Shreve, 1947. Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool. Harvard, 99:519-537). This checklist contains 125 taxa (see Table 1), collected or reported from the state of Falcén through December 1997. Each specific locality is reported within the smallest political entity, "Municipio", of Falcén (Atlas Practico de Venezuela. 1997. N° 13. See Table 2). These Municipios are included to avoid confusions with geographic homonyms within the state. When a locality cannot be placed confidence within a [Munitca pro oO Hocation as uncertain, “that as noted! by a (“2@)") ‘The localities are based on vouchers and explicit Falcon record from the literature. We use the Habitats terminology of Huber and Alarcén (1988. Mapa de Vegetaci6én de Venezuela. 1:2.000.000. Ediciones Armitano, Caracas). We also include a list of species of amphibians and reptiles that might occur within the state of Falcon because their distribution place them in a bordering state. We further list species previously reported from Falcon but they are now either synonymies, or their known occurrence is not near the borders of Falcon. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS During field trips and/or laboratory work we received valuable assistance from Jaime Aranguren, Alberto Arends, Agustin Cedeno, Domingo Daal, Angela Martino, Pedro Palencia and Leo Yagua. Many other individuals have contributed: Eréndira Granadillo, Luis David and Pablo Mijares, Jean-Marc Hero, Diana Lopez, Margarita Lampo, Jestis Manzanilla, Fernando Sanchez, Michael Schmit and his allied, Dirk Thielen, Edgar Wefer, Nathaly Westdorp, Lizl Westdorp, Robert Wingfield, José Luis Yrausquin, Alexis Vargas, and Wolfgang Wiister. - Many biologists has added to our knowledge of the Falcon herpetofauna. We especially note the work of Enrique La Marca, Jesus Manzanilla, Allan L. Markezich, J. Celsa Senaris, Pascual Soriano, Van Wallach, Robert Wingfield, and Wolfgang Wister; they kindly provided valuable comments and advise, important literature, and access to laboratory space or equipment. Many herpetological collection or museum divisions, and their curators (as listed below), kindly share with us their catalogued data on falconian amphibians and reptiles, and/or loaned specimes: Francisco Bisbal and Ramén Rivero (EBRG, Maracay), Maria J. Praderio and J. Celsa Senfaris (MHNLS, Caracas), Pedro Delgado and Luis F. Navarrete (MCNC, Caracas), Pedro Pacheco (MCNG, Guanare), Haydee Solano (MBUCV, Caracas), Tito Barros and José Mosc6o (MBLUZ, Maracaibo), Amelia Diaz de Pascual (CVULA, Mérida), Enrique La Marca (ULABG, Mérida), Greg Schneider (UMMZ, Ann Arbor), George Zug and Ronald Crombie (USNM, Washington), Carla Cicero (MVZ, Berkeley); Ellen Censky (CMNH, Pittsburgh); Carol Stewart (UTA, Arlington); José P. Rosado (MCZ, Cambridge); Alan Resetar (FMNH, Chicago); Los Angeles County Museum of Natural History (LACM, Los Angeles); Linda Ford and Darrel Frost (AMNH, New York). Finally, the CIEZA chiefs, Lianette Yépez and Luis Lemus, and other CIEZA colleague gave us courteous and regular moral and/or logistic support. Also, the Fundacién para el Avance de la Ciencia y la Tecnologia en el Estado Falcon (EUNDACITE-FALCON) , financed partially the project “Relevamiento Herpetolégico del Estado Falcon", code S1-9112-030. We deeply thank all of them for their help and collaboration. AMU dedicate this paper to the memory of MARICELA SOSA, a young and promising zoologist, lovely person, and good friend, who died during a field trip to study Venezuelan bats. Figure 1 depicts the current political-territorial division, in Municipios, of the state of Falcon. Each Municipio is identified with a number which is the same as appeared in Table 2. 32) ny ueyoanzauaa Be 2 § uUeaqaqtypiey9) ovavund *"OTOD ap euy equeg Jo ARTS ayq JO uUoT}ZeDOT aly aReOTpuL TeRS *Z aTqey, ut OTdTOTUNW YOea Jo uOTJeITOUNU ayy Yat patdnoos st Jaquou yoeq *TeT1oqRtAIaQ—-STATTOd uotstatp syt Hhutmoys uooteq Jo ajeqs ayQ yo dew -"][ ‘bry CLASS AMPHIBIA e ORDER ANURA Family Bufonidae Bufo granulosus beebi Gallardo 1965 Distribution: Rancho Grande (Municipio Federacion?); Pedregal (Municipio Democracia); Yaracal (Municipio Cacique Manaure); Coro, La Florida (Municipio Miranda); Istmo de Médanos (Municipio Falcon). Habitats: Littoral xerophilous scrub; thorny xerophilous scrub; tropophilous deciduous and semi-deciduous scrub; tropophilous and deciduous low and median forest; cultivated lands. References: Gallardo (1965. Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 125:111-134); Rivero (1967. Mem. Soc. Cienc. Nat. La Salle, 27(76):5-10); Rivero- Blanco & Dixon (1979. Monog. Mus. Nat. Hist. Univ. Kansas, 7:281-298); La Marca (1992. Cuad. Geog. Univ. Los Andes Mérida, 9:1-197). Bufo marinus (Linnaeus, 1758) Distribution: This is the most widely distributed species of anuran in Falcén, from: Cerro Santa Ana, Yabuquiva (both localities within the Municipio Falcén, Peninsula de Paraguana); Boca de Aroa, Tucacas (both localities within the Municipio Silva); Taratara (Municipio Sucre); Mene de Mauroa, Cerro Socopo (both localities within the Municipio Mauroa), near Chichiriviche (Municipio Monsefor Iturriza); Riecito (Municipio Jacura); San Francisco (Municipio Federacién); Coro (Municipio Miranda); La Vela, Sabana Larga, Guaibacoa (Municipio Colina); Cabure, Curimagua (both localities within the Municipio Petit). Habitats: All habitats within the Falcon territory. References: Bisbal (1990. Acta Cient. Venez., 41:177-185); Evans & Lampo (1996. J. Herpetol., 30(1):73-76); La Marca (1992. Idem); Mijares-— Urrutia, Lampo & Arends (1996. Herpetol. Review, 27(3):138); Rivero (1961. Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool. Harvard, 126(1):1-207); Rivero (1963. Carib. J. Sci., 3(4):197-199); Rivero-Blanco & Dixon (1979. Idem). Bufo sternosignatus Gunther 1858 Distribution: Cataratas de Hueque, near San Diego, Cabure, Curimagua (Municipio Petit, Sierra de San Luis); Sanare (Municipio Monsenor LEUEEL Za}. Habitats: Tropophilous semi-deciduous seasonal forest; tropophilous deciduous basimontane forest; coastal cloud forest. References: Rivero (1961. Idem); Rivero (1963. Idem); La Marca (1992. Idem); La Marca & Mijares-Urrutia (1996. Alytes, 14:101-114); Shreve (1947. Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 99(5):519-537. Under the name B. alatus sternosignatus). Bufo sp. 1 (margaritifer group) Distribution: Cerro Galicia, Curimagua (Municipio Petit, Sierra de San Luis). Habitats: Tropophilous deciduous basimontane forest; coastal cloud forest. Remarks: These specimens represent an undescribed taxon of the B. margaritifer group(sensu Hoogmoed, 1989. Pp. 113-123. In: Vertebrates in the Tropics. Peters, G. & R. Hutterer (eds.). Mus. Alexander Koenig. Bonn), and is under study by the authors. References: None. Family Centrolenidae Hyalinobatrachium sp. 1 Distribution: Currently known by several specimens from only one locality: near Sanare (Municipio Monsenor Iturriza). Habitats: Tropophilous semi-deciduous seasonal forest. Remarks: Its specific status is currently under study by the authors associated with J. C. Senaris. References: None. Hyalinobatrachium sp. 2 Distribution: Only one specimen from La Soledad de Uria (Municipio Petit, Sierra de San Luis). Habitats: Tropophilous deciduous basimontane forest; coastal cloud forest. Remarks: This is a specimen distinct from previous one, but currently not assigned to a specific taxon. References: None. Family Dendrobatidae Colostethus cf. brumneus Cope, 1887 Distribution: A rare species known from a few specimens: Sabanas de Paraguariba (Municipio Petit, Sierra de San Luis); Cerro de Chichiriviche (Municipio Monsenor Iturriza). Habitats: Coastal cloud forest; tropophilous semi-deciduous seasonal forest. Remarks: The specimens from northern Venezuela could represent a different taxon (sensu La Marca, 1992. Idem) from those amazonian populations. The northern Venezuela population is currently under study by E. La Marca, A. Mijares-Urrutia and J. Manzanilla. References: Rivero (1961. Idem); La Marca (1992. Idem). Mannophryne herminae (Boettger, 1833) Distribution: Cerro Cosme (Municipio ?). Habitats: ;? Remarks: This species is reported in the literature as Prostherapis Erinreacus) eninitatas | (Rivero, | i96l S963); and Mannophryne herminae (La Marca, 1994). This population in eastern Falcon need confirmation of its identity, until this happen, we use the binomial Mannophryne herminae as La Marca (1994. Idem). The locality Cerro Cosme neither was possible traced it in any maps consulted by us nor mentioned in the Nomenclador de Centros Poblados, Total Nacional (Anonimous, 1994. Oficina Central de Estadistica e Informatica, Caracas. 540 p.). References: Rivero (1961. Idem); Rivero (1963. Idem); La Marca (1994. Publ. Soc. Amigos de Dofiana, 4:1-75). Mannophryne lamarcai Mijares-Urrutia and Arends, 1999 Distribution: Currently only reported from Cerro Socopo (Municipio Mauroa). Habitats: Tropophilous deciduous low and median forest. Remarks: This species is reported in the literature as Prostherapis trinitatis) rinitatis (Rivero, 1961. Idem); (Rivero, 1963. Idem), and Mannophryne herminae (La Marca, 1994. Idem). References: Mijares-Urrutia & Arends (1999. Herpetologica, 55(1):106- TEA) 3 Mannophryne sp. 1 Distribution: A species only known by two disjunct population from: Maparari (Municipio Democracia), Cueva del Toro (Municipio Union). Habitats: Tropophilous semi-deciduous seasonal forest. Remarks: This specimens represent a distinct species from M. herminae and are closely related to Mannophryne lamarcai from Cerro Socopo, currently is under study by the authors. References: None. Mannophryne sp. 2 Distribution: A species common middle to highest elevations of the Sierra de San Luis: Cerro Galicia, Curimagua, Cataratas de Hueque (Municipio Petit); near La Chapa (Municipio Miranda). Habitats: Coastal cloud forest; tropophilous semi-deciduous seasonal forest. Remarks: This specimens represent a species distinct from M. herminae and are closely related to Mannophryne lamarcai and Mannophryne sp. 1 from Maparari and Cueva del Toro, currently is under study by the authors. References: None. Family Hylidae Flectonotus pygmaeus (Boettger, 1893) Distribution: Only one record from Curimagua (Municipio Petit, Sierra de San Luis). Habitats: Coastal cloud forest. References: Mijares-Urrutia & Arends (1993. Herpetol. Review, 24(4):157- 158). Hyla cf. albomarginata Spix, 1824 Distribution: Only one specimen had been reported from near San Luis (Municipio Bolivar, Sierra de San Luis). Habitats: Coastal cloud forest. Remarks: The specific status of this specimen is tentative until conclusive comparison against well-identified material or detailed and extense description of H. albomarginata. References: None. Hyla amicorum Mijares-Urrutia, 1998 Distribution: An species currently known only by the holotype from Cerro Socopo (Municipio Mauroa). Habitats: Tropophilous deciduous low and median forest. References: Mijares-Urrutia (1998. Rev. Bras. Biol., 58:659-663). Hyla crepitans Wied, 1824 Distribution: A widely distributed species of anuran along Falcon territory: Cerro Galicia, Cabure (both localities within the Municipio Petit); Tucacas, Palma Sola-Boca de Aroa (Municipio Silva); Cerro Socopo (Municipio Mauroa); Chipare, Guaibacoa (both localities within the Municipio Colina); Rancho Grande (Municipio Federacion?); Riecito (Municipio Jacura); Pedregal (Municipio Democracia); El Mene-San Lorenzo (Municipio Acosta). Habitats: All habitats within the Falcon territory (except in the Peninsula de Paraguana). References: Rivero (1961. Idem); Rivero (1963. Idem); Shreve (1947. Idem). Hyla luteoocellata Roux, 1927 Distribution: Curimagua, near San Diego, Cerro Galicia (all localities within the Municipio Petit). Habitats: Coastal cloud forest. References: Duellman & Crump (1974. Occas. Pap. Mus. Nat. Hist. Univ. Kansas, 23:1-40); Rivero (1961. Idem); Rivero (1963. Idem); Rivero (1969. Herpetologica, 25(2):126-134); Roux (1927. Verh. Nat. Ges. Basel, 38:251- PAG IE) Hyla microcephala misera Werner, 1903 Distribution: A common and widely distributed species. Near Las Dos Bocas (Municipio Colina); Curimagua (Municipio Petit, Sierra de San Luis); San Luis (Municipio Bolivar, Sierra de San Luis). Habitats: Tropophilous deciduous low and median forest; cultivated lands; coastal cloud forest. References: Ginés (1959. Mem. Soc. Cienc. Nat. La Salle, 19(53):85-146); Rivero (1961. Idem); Rivero (1963. Idem); Shreve (1947. Idem). Hyla minuta Peters, 1872 Distribution: Near Las Dos Bocas (Municipio Colina); Curimagua (Municipio Petit); San Luis (Municipio Bolivar, Sierra de San Luis). Habitats: Tropophilous deciduous low and median forest; cultivated lands. References: Mijares-Urrutia & Arends (1993. Idem). Hyla pugnax Schmidt, 1857 Distribution: Only one record from La Florida (Municipio Miranda). Habitats: Thorny xerophilous scrub. References: Mijares-Urrutia & Arends (1999. Herpetol. Review, 30(2):). Hyla vigilans Solano, 1971 Distribution: Until present only one specimens had been reported from: Sanare (Municipio Monsenor Iturriza). Habitat: Tropophilous semi-deciduous seasonal forests. References: Mijares-Urrutia, Arends & Rivero (1998. Herpetol. Review, AS) 8 OT) Phyllomedusa trinitatis Mertens, 1926 Distribution: A rare species but widely distributed along Falcén territory: Km 40 (Municipio Palma Sola); Curimagua (Municipio Petit); near Las Dos Bocas (Municipio Colina); Cerro Socopo (Municipio Mauroa). Habitats: Coastal cloud forest; tropophilous deciduous low and median forest; tropophilous semi-deciduous seasonal forest. References: Mijares-Urrutia & Arends (1993. Idem). Phrynohyas venulosa (Laurenti, 1768) Distribution: Sanare (Municipio Silva); near Cumarebo (Municipio Zamora), Cerro Socopo (Municipio Mauroa). Habitats: Tropophilous deciduous low and median forest; tropophilous semi-deciduous seasonal forest. References: None. Scinax rostrata (Peters, 1863) Distribution: A relatively common frog in Falcon from Cueva de Chipare, near Las Dos Bocas, near Barrancas (all this localities within the Municipio Colina); from Km 40 (Municipio Palma Sola); Curimagua (Municipio Petit). ° Habitats: Tropophilous deciduous low and median forest; tropophilous semi-deciduous seasonal forest; coastal cloud forest. References: Hero & Mijares-Urrutia (1995. J. Herpetol., 29(2):307-311). Scinax xsignata (Spix, 1824) Distribution: Currently, only two speciems are reported within Falcén from: near Las Dos Bocas (Municipio Colina); Hacienda La Guardia (MuniC2 pio. .2))s Habitats: Tropophilous deciduous low and median forest. References: Mijares-Urrutia & Arends (1999. Idem). Scinax sp. 1 Distribution: Only one specimen known from near Sanare (Municipio Monsenos Iturriza). Habitat: Tropophilous semi-deciduous seasonal forests. Remarks: This species is currently under study by the authors. References: None. Tepuihyla sp. 1 Distribution: This species is very rare. Currently, only ten specimens are reported within Falcon: Cerro Galicia (Municipio Bolivar, Sierra de San Luis). Habitat: Coastal cluod forest. Remarks: This is an extraordinary extension (more than 500 km to northern) of the range of this taxon from Tepuyes. Currently it is under study by the senior author, Jesus Manzanilla and Enrique La Marca. References: None. Family Leptodactylidae Ceratophrys calcarata Boulenger, 1890 Distribution: A rare species in Falcon but with a wide distribution: La Florida (Municipio Miranda); Sanare (Municipio Monsenor Iturriza); Moruy (Municipio Falcon, Peninsula de Paraguana). Habitats: Thorny xerophilous scrub; tropophilous semi-deciduous seasonal forest. References: Mijares-Urrutia & Arends (1993. Idem); Rivero (1961. Idem); Lynch) (i982. Syst 4“Zool.,. 31)\(2) si66—179))«. Eleutherodactylus sp. 1 Distribution: Only one specimens has been referred to this genus: near La Soledad de Uria (Municipio Petit, Sierra de San Luis). Habitats: Coastal cloud forest. Remarks: This genus is very difficult to identify to species level. The only one specimen is currently under study by the authors. References: None. Leptodactylus bolivianus Boulenger, 1898 Distribution: A very common species in the lowlands of Falcdén: Boca de Yaracuy, Km 40 (both localities within the Municipio Palma Sola); La Pastora, Represa de Tacarigua (both localities within the Municipio Acosta); Rio Socopito (Municipio Mauroa); Chipare (Municipio Colina); Coro (Municipio Miranda) ; Habitats: Thorny xerophilous scrub; tropophilous semi-deciduous seasonal forest; tropophilous basimontane deciduous forest; cultivated lands. References: Rivero (1961. Idem); Shreve (1947. Idem). Leptodactylus labialis (Cope, 1878) Distribution: Boca de Yaracuy, Km 40 (both localities within the Municipio Palma Sola); Cerro Santa Ana (Municipio Carirubana, Peninsula de Paraguana); near Pueblo Nuevo (Municipio Falcén, Peninsula de Paraguana); Chipare, Sabana Larga (both localities within the Municipio Colina); Coro, La Florida (both localities within the Municipio Miranda); San Francisco (Municipio Federacidén); Refugio de Fauna de Cuare (Municipio Monsenor Iturriza). Habitats: Thorny xerophilous scrub; tropophilous semi-deciduous seasonal forest; tropophilous basimontane deciduous forest; cultivated lands. References: Heyer (1978. Nat. Hist. Mus. Los Angeles Co. Sci. 29:1-85). Leptodactylus magistris Mijares-Urrutia, 1997 Distribution: Currently only known from the type locality, Cerro Socopo (Municipio Mauroa). Habitats: Tropophilous deciduous low and median forest. Remarks: A specimen which could be referred to this species is mentioned by Heyer (loo >-eismiths (Contrib. 1Z0o0m., S462 1-124) finder his Aalst: ot Venezuelan Andes OTU's (Operational Taxonomic Units). Reftezences: | | Mijanes_Urritia (IST Alivitesi als) les 210) never: (l9gSr Idem.) . Leptodactylus poecilochilus (Cope, 1862) Distribution: Km 40 (Municipio Palma Sola). Habitats: Tropophilous semi-deciduous seasonal forest. References: Bisbal (1990. Idem); Heyer (1978. Idem); Rivero (1961. Idem); Rivero (1963. Idem); Shreve (1947. Idem: under the name L. dypticus). Pleurodema brachyops (Cope, 1868) Distribution: Cerro Santa Ana (Municipio Carirubana, Peninsula de Paraguana); near San José de Cocodite, Guaidabacoa, near La Bocaina, Monte Cano (all this localities within the Municipio Falcon, Peninsula de Paraguana); Chipare (Municipio Colina); Coro, La Florida (Municipio Miranda); Rancho Grande (Municipio Federacion?); Taratara (Municipio Sucre); Yaracal (Municipio Cacique Manaure); Refugio de Fauna de Cuare (Municipio Monsenor Iturriza). Habitats: Thorny xerophilous scrub; tropophilous semi-deciduous seasonal forest; tropophilous basimontane deciduous forest; cultivated lands. References: Bisbal (1990. Idem); Rivero (1961. Idem); Rivero (1963. Idem). Physalaenmms pustulosus (Cope, 1864) Distribution: Cerro Socopo (Municipio Mauroa); Km 40 (Municipio Palma Sola); San Francisco (Municipio Federacidén); near Las Dos Bocas (Municipio Colina). Habitats: Thorny xerophilous scrub; tropophilous semi-deciduous seasonal forest; tropophilous deciduous low and median forest; cultivated lands. References: None. Family Microhylidae Elachistocleis ovalis (Schneider 1879) Distribution: One specimen from Palma Sola-Boca de Aroa (Municipio Silva) . Habitats: Tropophilous semi-deciduous seasonal forest. 10 References: Mijares-Urrutia & Arends (1993. Idem). aa Family Pipidae Pipa parva Ruthven & Gaige, 1923 Distribution: There is only one record for this species. Near El Mene (Municipio Acosta) .Habitats: Tropophilous semi-deciduous seasonal forest. References: Rivero (1961. Idem); Rivero-Blanco & Dixon (1979. Idem). Family Plethodontidae Bolitoglossa cf. borburata Trapido, 1942 Distribution: Only known from one specimen collected in the Cuevas de Hueque (Municipio Petit). Several new specimens had been reported from San Luis (Municipio Bolivar, Sierra de San Luis). Habitats: Coastal cloud forest. Remarks: The taxonomic status of this species is uncertain becouse no specialist have studied this specimens to identify with confidence this taxon. We tentatively allocate this specimens to B. borburata (0. Linares, personal communicatio). References: Linares (1974. Bol. Soc. Venez. Espel., 5(10):143-147). ORDER GYMNOPEIONA Family Caeciliidae Caecilia subnigricans Dunn, 1942 Distribution: The only record known is: Riecito (Municipio Jacura). Habitats: Tropophilous semi-deciduous seasonal forest. References: Ginés (1959. Idem); Roze & Solano (1963. Acta Biol. Venez., 3(19) :287-300); Shreve (1947. Idem. He originally reported the locality as “Riecito, Acosta District”) . CLASS REPTILIA RDER CROCODYLIA Family Alligatoridae Caiman crocodylus fuscus (Cope, 1868) Distribution: Sanare, Tivana, Tucacas (all this localities within the Municipio Silva), Mene de la Costa (Municipio Acosta), Curari (Municipio Zamora). Habitats: Tropophilous deciduous low and median forest; tropophilous semi-deciduous seasonal forest. Referencess: Medem (1983. Los Crocodylia de Sur América. Vol II: Venezuela, Trinidad, Tobago, Guyana, Suriname, Guayana Francesa, Ecuador, Pert, Brasil, Paraguay, Argentina, Uruguay. Colciencia, Bogota. Universidad Nacional de Colombia y Fondo Colombiano de Investigaciones Cientificas "Francisco José de Caldas"). Family Crocodylidae Crocodylus acutus (Cuvier, 1807) Distribution: Cuare (Municipio Silva), near La Montana de Hueque (Municipio Zamora), Punta Cardon (Municipio Carirubana). 11 Habitats: Psammophilous and halophilous grassland; Littoral xerophilous scrub; tropophilous deciduous low and median forest; tropophilous semi- deciduous seasonal forest. Referencess: Medem (1983. Idem). ORDER T=SSTUDINEA Family Cheloniidae Chelonia mydas (Linnaeus, 1758) Distribution: A pelagic marine turtle wich had been reported in coast of Falcon in: Chichiriviche, Golfete de Cuare, Bahia de Morrocoy (in coast front of Municipio Silva); near Bajabaroa, near Santa Rita, near Adicora (in coast front of Municipio Falcon, Peninsula de Paraguana); northern Coro (in coast front of Municipio Miranda, Istmo de Médanos); Caribe Mar (in coast front of Municipio Colina). Habitats: Caribbean Sea. Referencess: Prittchard & Trebbau (1984. The turtles of Venezuela. SSAR Contrib. Herpetol., 2:1-414). Eretmochelys imbricata imbricata (Linnaeus, 1758) Distribution: Peninsula de Paraguana (Municipio Falcon?). Habitats: Caribbean Sea. Referencess: Prittchard & Trebbau (1984. Idem). Family Dermochelyidae Dezrmochelys coriacea (Linnaeus, 1758) Distribution: Adicora (Municipio Falcon, Peninsula de Paraguana); near San Juan de Los Cayos (Municipio Silva). Habitats: Caribbean Sea. Referencess: Prittchard & Trebbau (1984. Idem). Family Emydidae Trachemys scripta chichiriviche (Pritchard & Trebbau, 1984) Distribution: Currently known in the Tocuyo river drainage, near its outlet. Specimens had been reported from: Tivana (Municipio Silva); Embalse de Tacarigua, Laguna de Jatira (both localities within the Municipio Acosta). Habitats: Tropophilous semi-deciduous seasonal forest. Referencess: Prittchard & Trebbau (1984. Idem). Family Kinosternidae Kinosternon scorpioides scorpioides (Linnaeus, 1766) Distribution: This is a uncommon species but with a wide range of geographic distribution within Falcon: Cerro Santa Ana (Municipio Falcon, Peninsula de Paraguana); near Tacuato (Municipio Carirubana, Peninsula de Paraguana); Mene de Mauroa (Municipio Mauroa); Urumaco (Municipio Democracia). Habitats: Thorny xerophilous scrub; tropophilous semi-deciduous and deciduous scrub. References: Mijares-Urrutia & Arends (1992. Herpetol. Review, 23(4):122- 123); Prittchard & Trebbau (1984. Idem). 12 Family Testudinidae * Geochelone carbonaria (Spix, 1824) Distribution: A very uncommon species. Only one specimen had been reported in: Cerro Papelén (Municipio Silva). Habitats: Tropophilous semi-deciduous seasonal forest. Referencess: Prittchard & Trebbau (1984. Idem). ORDER AMPHISBAENIA Family Amphisbaenidae Amphisbaena fuliginosa Linnaeus 1758 Distribution: Currently only one record is known from: Las Lapas (Municipio Silva). Habitats: Tropophilous semi-deciduous seasonal forest. References: Donoso-Barros (1968. Idem); Mijares-Urrutia & Arends (1993. Idem); Shreve (1947. Idem). ORDER SQUAMATA SvsORD=ER LACERTILIA Family Corytophanidae Basiliscus basiliscus barbouri Ruthven, 1814 Distribution: Only two specimes are currently known from eastern Falcon: Boca de Tocuyo (Municipio Acosta); Rio Aroa-Km 26 (both localities within the Municipio Palma Sola). Habitats: Tropophilous semi-deciduous seasonal forest. References: Mijares-Urrutia & Arends (1993. Idem). Family Iguanidae Iguana iguana iguana (Linnaeus, 1758) Distribution: In spite of the low number of records of this species, is a common lizard inclusive around and within the urban areas. Tivana (Municipio Silva); Taratara (Municipio Sucre); Coro (Municipio Miranda); Guaidabacoa (Municipio Falcén, Peninsula de Paraguana). Habitats: Thorny xerophilous scrub; tropophilous deciduous and semi- deciduous scrub; tropophilous semi-deciduous seasonal forests; cultivated lands. References: Diaz (1988. Pp. 33-54. In: Zonas Aridas. A. Makarem & L. Paredes (eds.). Maracaibo); Rivero-Blanco & Dixon (1979. Idem). Family Gekkonidae Gonatodes albogularis (Duméril & Bibron, 1836) Distribution: Records are from some few localities in western Falcon: Mene de Mauroa (Municipio Mauroa); Pueblo Nuevo (Municipio Falcon, Peninsula de Paraguana). Habitats: Thorny xerophilous scrub; tropophilous deciduous and semi- deciduous scrub. Remarks: The record from the Peninsula de Paraguana could be an human- introduced specimens. References: None. 13 Gonatodes falconenmsis Shreve, 1947 Distribution: Aparently endemic from Falcdén: Cataratas de Hueque, Curimagua (both localities are within the Municipio Petit, Sierra de San Luis); Cueva de Chipare (Municipio Colina). Habitats: Tropophilous deciduous low and median forest; tropophilous semi-deciduous seasonal forest; tropophilous basimontane deciduous forest; coastal cloud forest. References: Donoso-Barros (1968. Carib. J. Sci., 8(3-4):105-122); Roze (1963. Publ Ocas. Mus. Cienc. Nat. Caracas, ser. zool., 5:no pagination numbers); Mijares-Urrutia & Arends (1995. Amphibia-Reptilia, 16:203-210); Peters & Donoso-Barros (1970. U. S. Natnl. Mus. Bull., 297:1-293); Shreve (AQAW, iUe6lsn\ A Werarxoulsiton (leietsevs Mae Herolla7 So Ieeibuley, iy/ (AD) 3 ee) Vanzolemnua (GlS6ebe eArq Zoolks. SaePawlo, wii(2)is8oS1l2))e Gonatodes vaittatus (Lichtenstein, 1856) Distribution: This small gecko inhabit in arid and semiarid lowlands or in around and within the human habitation inclusive in border of forested areas: Coro (Municipio Miranda); Pedregal-El Jobo (Municipio Democracia) ; El Mene-San Lorenzo (Municipio Acosta); near Santa Ana (Municipio Carirubana, Peninsula de Paraguana); Cerro Santa Ana, Monte Cano, near San José de Cocodite (all this localities within the Municipio Falcon, Peninsula de Paraguana); Refugio de Fauna de Cuare, Sanare, Cayo Abajo (all this localities within the Municipio Monsenor Iturriza); Cataratas de Hueque (Municipio Petit), La Vela, near Chipare (both localities within the Municipio Colina). Habitats: Littoral xerophilous scrub; Littoral psammophilous and halophilous grassland; thorny xerophilous scrub; tropophilous deciduous low and median forest; tropophilous basimontane deciduous forest; tropophilous semi-deciduous seasonal forest. References: Bisbal (1990. Idem); Marcuzzi (1950. Mem. Soc. Cienc. Nat. La Salle, 19(53):85-146); Rivero-Blanco & Dixon (1979. Idem); Vanzolini (1968b. Idem); Shreve (1947. Idem). Hemidactylus cf. mabouia (Moreau de Jones, 1818) Distribution: Only one specimen in collection from La Vela (Municipio Eolsma))) < Habitats: Thorny xerophilous scrub. Remarks: The identity of the only one specimen is tentatively assigned to this species waiting for additional material. However this represent the first record of the genus from Falcon. References: None. Lepidoblepharis montecanoensis Markezich & Taphorn, 1994 Distribution: Near Cueva Piedra Honda, near Miraca (all this localities within the Municipio Falcon, Peninsula de Paraguana). Habitat: Thorny xerophilous scrub ("Tropical dry forest", sensu original description, see References). References: Markezich & Taphorn (1994. Herpetologica, 50(1):7-14). Phyllodactylus ventralis O'Shaughnessy, 1875 Distribution: A not uncommon gecko around and within the human habitation: Coro (Municipio Miranda); Las Cumaraguas (Municipio Falcén, Peninsula de Paraguana); Mene de Mauroa (Municipio Mauroa); Taratara (Municipio Sucre, Sierra de San Luis); La Vela (Municipio Colina); La Cebolleta (Municipio ?). Habitats: Littoral xerophilous scrub; thorny xerophilous scrub; tropophilous deciduous and semi-deciduous scrub. 14 References: Dixon (1962. Southwest. Nat., 7(3-4):211-226); Dixon ® Huey (1970. Los Angeles Co. Mus. Nat. Hist. Contrib. Sci., 192:1-78); Rivero- Blanco & Dixon (1979. Idem). Pseudogonatodes lunulatus (Roux, 1927) Distribution: No records are available, except those cited in literature. El Mene (Municipio Acosta), Ojo de Agua, Pauji (both localities within the Municipio Union). Habitats: Tropophilous semi-deciduous seasonal forest. Remarks: The localities Ojo de Agua and Pauji were originally mentioned from “Acosta District” but currently this locality belong to the Municipio Union (Anonimous, 1994. Nomenclador de Centros Poblados Total Nacional. Ocei, Caracas. p.) References: Roux (1927. Verh. Naturf. Ges. Basel, 38:251-261); Shreve (1947. Idem). Sphaerodactylus molei (Boettger, 1894) Distribution: A very rare gecko with only three known records in Falcon: Km 40 (Municipio Silva); El Mene (Municipio Acosta); Pauji (Municipio Union). Habitats: Tropophilous semi-deciduous seasonal forest. References: Donoso-Barros (1968. Idem); Peters & Donoso-Barros (1970. Idem); Roux (1927. Idem: under the name Sphaerodactylus venezuelanus) ; Shreve (1947. Idem); Vanzolini (1968a-b. Idem). Thecadactylus cf. rapicaudus (Houttuyn, 1782) Distribution: This large gecko is omnipresent along all territory of Falcén: Riecito (Municipio Jacura); near Cuare, near Sanare, Cayo Abajo (Municipio Monsefior Iturriza); Tucacas (Municipio Silva); Boca de Hueque (Municipio Piritu); Cerro Santa Ana, near San José de Cocodite, Adaure, freeway Coro-Punto Fijo (all this localities within the Municipio Falcon, Peninsula de Paraguana); El Mene-San Lorenzo (Municipio Acosta); Pedregal-El Jobo (Municipio Democracia); near Santa Ana, Tacuato (both localities within the Municipio Carirubana, Peninsula de Paraguana); Las Lapas (Municipio Silva); Mene de Mauroa (Municipio Mauroa); Coro, Los Chipes (both localities within the Municipio Miranda); La Vela (Municipio Colina); Taratara (Municipio Sucre); Cataratas de Hueque (Municipio Petit). Habitats: All habitats within the Falcon territory. Remarks: The specimens from Falcon are currently under study because its karyology differ from those of Central America and Caribbean Islands specimens (M. Schmid, personal communication, August 1998). We tentatively allocate this specimens to T. rapicaudus. This taxon is currently under study by M. Schmid, J. Manzanilla and senior author). Referencess: Bisbal (1990. Idem); Marcuzzi (1950. Idem); Rivero-Blanco & Dixon (1970. Idem); Shreve (1947. Idem). Family Gymnophthalmidae Anadia steyeri Nieden 1914 Distribution: This is a species very uncommon: Pauji (Municipio Union); Cataratas de Hueque (Municipio Petit, Sierra de San Luis). Habitats: Tropophilous deciduous basimontane forest. References: Oftedal (1974. Arq. Zool., S. Paulo, 25(4):203-265); Shreve (1947. Idem); Mijares-Urrutia & Arends (1999. Idem). 15 Bachia heteropa lineata Boulenger, 1903 Distribution: Only two specimen had been reported in Falcon: Chipare (Municipio Colina); Pauji (Municipio Union). Habitats: Tropophilous deciduous low and median forest. References: Donoso-Barros (1968. Idem: under the name Bachia lineata isineaica)y;) Dixon (197s. Univ. Kansas Mus. Nate Hast.) Masic.) Publ) 57 <1 47); Peters & Donoso-Barros (1970. Idem); Rivero-Blanco & Dixon (1979. Idem); Shreve (1947. Idem); Mijares-Urrutia & Arends (1999. Idem). Euspondylus acutirostris (Peters 1862) Distribution: A very rare species from the highland of northern Venezuela: Cerro El Danto (Municipio Petit, Sierra de San Luis) .Habitats: Coastal cloud forest. References: None. Gymnophthalmis speciosus (Hallowell, 1861) Distribution: This sand-swimmer lizard is relativelly rare: Tucacas (Municipio Monsefior Iturriza); Adicora (Municipio Falcon, Peninsula de Paraguana). Habitats: Littoral xerophilous scrub; psammophilous and halophilous Littoral grassland; tropophilous semi-deciduous seasonal forest. Referencess: Cole, Dessauer, Townsend & Arnold (1990. Amer. Mus. Novitates, 2994:1-29). Ptychoglossus kugleri Roux, 1927 Distribution: A very rare lizard: El Mene-San Lorenzo (Municipio Acosta) ; Pauji (Municipio Union). Habitats: Tropophilous semi-deciduous seasonal forest. References: Donoso-Barros (1968. Idem); Peters & Donoso-Barros (1970. Idem); Roux (1927. Idem); Shreve (1947. Idem); Harris (1994. Herpetol. Monogie, Si2Z26—273).)))- Tretioscincus bifasciatus kugleri Shreve, 1947 Distribution: A relatively common lizard in coastal lowlands of Falcon: Tiraya (Municipio Falcon, Peninsula de Paraguana); La Vela (Municipio Colina); Mene de Mauroa (Municipio Mauroa); Riecito (Municipio Jacura) ; Sanare (Municipio Monsenor Iturriza). Habitats: Littoral xerophilous scrub; psammophilous and halophilous Littoral grassland; tropophilous deciduous and semi-deciduous scrub; tropophilous semi-deciduous seasonal forest; cultivated lands. References: Shreve (1947. Idem); Donoso-Barros (1968. Idem); Peters & Donoso-Barros (1970. Idem); Rivero-Blanco & Dixon (1979. Idem). Family Polychrotidae Anolis auratus Daudin, 1802 Distribution: A relatively uncommon species. Some few records of this species are from: near Las Dos Bocas (Municipio Colina), Llano Largo (Municipio Miranda), Mene de Mauroa (Municipio Mauroa), near Buena Vista (Municipio Falcon, Peninsula de Paraguana). Habitats: Thorny xerophilous scrubs, Tropophilous deciduous and semi- deciduous scrubs, Cultivated lands. References: Mijares-Urrutia & Arends (1993. Idem); Shreve (1947. Idem). Anolis fuscoauratus D'Orbigny, 1837 Distribution: A forest dweeling species relatively uncommon. Known 16 record came from: Mirimire (Municipio Acosta), Cataratas de Huequé (Municipio Petit). Habitats: Tropophilous deciduous low and midtall forests, Tropophilous basimontane deciduous forests. References: Roux (1927. Idem: under the name A. fuscoauratus kugleri); Donoso-Barros (1968. Idem); Peters & Donoso-Barros (oO. Idem: under the name of A. fuscoauratus kugleri); Shreve (1947. Idem). Anolis nitens nitens (Wagler, 1830) Distribution: A widely distributed species. Records of this species had been reported from: Riecito (Municipio Jacura), Cerro de Chichiriviche (Municipio Monsenor Iturriza), Buena Vista (Municipio Piritu), Curimagua, Cataratas de Hueque, La Soledad de Uria (Municipio Petit), near Acurigua (Municipio Miranda). Habitats: Tropophilous deciduous low and midtall forests, Tropophilous semi-deciduous seasonal forests, Tropophilous basimontane deciduous forests, Coastal cloud forests, Cultivated lands. Remarks: The specimens from Falcon State were anteriorly under the name A. chrysolepis planiceps. References: Shreve (1947. Idem); Vanzolini & Williams (1970. Arq. Zool., S. Paulo, 19(1-4):1-298, under the name A. chrysolepis Planiceps). Anolis onca (O'Shaughnessy, 1875) Distribution: A tipical species from arid and semiarid coastal lowlands of Falcon. Records of this species are from: Adaure, near Santa Ana, Boca de Cafio-El Supi, Cerro Santa Ana (all this localities are within the Municipio Falcén, Peninsula de Paraguana), Capatarida (Municipio Buchivacoa), La Vela (Municipio Colina), Coro (Municipio Miranda). Habitats: Littoral xerophilous scrub, Littoral psammophilous and halophilous grasslands, Thorny xerophilous scrubs, Cultivated lands. References: Donoso-Barros (1968. Idem: under the name Tropidodactylus onca); Kiester (1974. The second Anolis newsletter. Publ. on Demand); Kiester (1977. The third Anolis newsletter. Publ. on Demand); Mijares & Arends (1993b. Idem); Miyata (1974. The second Anolis newsletter. Publ. on Demand); Rivero-Blanco & Dixon (1979. Idem); Williams (1974. Breviora Mus. Comp. Zool., 421:1-21). Anolis tigrinus Peters, 1863 Distribution: A very rare species which occur in the highest parts of mountains (Mijares-Urrutia et al. 1992). In Falcon had been reported only one specimen from: Curimagua (Municipio Petit). Habitats: Coastal cloud forests. References: Mijares-Urrutia et al. (1992. Mem. Soc. Cienc. Nat. La Salle, = 52 (Se) 23-132). Polychrus marmoratus (Linnaeus, 1758) Distribution: A very secretive species but with a wide a distribution. Specimens had been reported from: El Mene (Municipio Acosta), Riecito (Municipio Jacura). Habitats: Tropophilous deciduous low and midtall forests, Tropophilous semi-deciduous seasonal forests. References: Mijares-Urrutia & Arends (1993. Idem); Shreve (1947. Idem). 17 Family Scincidae Mabuya falconensis Mijares-Urrutia & Arends, 1997 Distribution: Few specimens are known of this recently described species: Monte Cano, Cerro Santa Ana (both localities within the Municipio Falcén, Peninsula de Paraguana); Coro (Municipio Miranda); near Mataruca (Municipio Colina). Habitats: Thorny xerophilous scrub; cultivated lands. References: Bisbal (1990. Idem: under the name Mabuya mabouya); Mijares- Urrutia & Arends (1997. Rev. Bras. Biol., 57(4)595-601). Mabuya cf. mabouia mabouia Lacepede, 1880? Distribution: The specimens under this name had been reported from: Tucacas, Las Lapas, Palma Sola-Boca de Aroa (all this localities within the Municipio Silva); Riecito (Municipio Jacura); Chichiriviche, Cuare, Sanare (all this localities within the Municipio Monsenor Iturriza) ; Curimagua, Cataratas de Hueque, Cabure (all this localities within the Municipio Petit, Sierra de San Luis); Rio Socopo (Municipio Mauroa). Habitats: Tropophilous deciduous low and median forest; tropophilous semi-deciduous seasonal forest; tropophilous basimontane deciduous forest; coastal cloud forest; cultivated lands. Remarks: We tentatively include within this taxon all specimens that are from outside the arid and semiarid areas of northcentral Falcén. Also, specimens not examined or confirmed to be distinct from the previously listed species are tentatively allocated under this name. Nevertheles, the Mabuya's from mainlan South America are probably distinct from this antillean species (Avila-Pires, personal communication), but a revisionary study of variation is currently unavailable. References: Shreve (1947. Idem). Family Teiidae Ameiva ameiva (Linnaeus, 1758) Distribution: A relatively common large lizard, mainly in lowlands of Falcon: El Mene-San Lorenzo (Municipio Acosta); Riecito (Municipio Jacura); Cuare (Municipio Monsenor Iturriza), Cerro Santa Ana, near Moruy (both localities within the Municipio Falc6én, Peninsula de Paraguana) ; Rio Socopito (Municipio Mauroa); Cabure (Municipio Petit, Sierra de San Luis); Embalse El Isiro, near Siburua (both localities within the Municipio Miranda). Habitats: Thorny xerophilous scrub; tropophilous deciduous and semi- deciduous scrub; tropophilous semi-deciduous seasonal forest; coastal cloud forest; cultivated lands. References: Bisbal (1990. Idem); Marcuzzi (1950. Idem); Shreve (1947. Idem) . Ameiva sp. 1 Distribution: A rare large lizard, currently restricted to: Cerro Santa Ana, near Moruy (both localities within the Municipio Falcon, Peninsula de Paraguana). Habitats: Thorny xerophilous scrub; cultivated lands. References: Bisbal (19390. Idem: under the name Ameiva ameiva); Marcuzzi (1950. Idem: under the name Ameiva ameiva). Ameiva bifrontata bifrontata Cope, 1862 Distribution: Among lizards this species is one of the most wide range of distribution in Falcon: Taratara (Municipio Sucre, Sierra de San Luis); near Santa Ana (Municipio Carirubana, Peninsula de Paraguana); Adaure, 18 Boca de Cano-Tiraya, Cerro Santa Ana, near Pueblo Nuevo, near Morfly (all this localities within the Municipio Falcon, Peninsula de Paraguana) ; Pedregal-El Jobo (Municipio Democracia), Cayo Abajo (Municipio Monsefior Iturriza); near Buena Vista (Municipio Piritu); Coro, Embalse El Isiro (both localities within the Municipio Miranda). Habitats: Thorny xerophilous scrub; tropophilous deciduous and semi- deciduous scrub; tropophilous deciduous low and median forest; tropophilous semi-deciduous seasonal forest; cultivated lands. References: Bisbal (1990. Idem); Marcuzzi (1950. Idem). Cnemidophorus arenivagus Markezich, Cole & Dessauer, 1997 Distribution: near Adicora, Boca de Cano-Tiraya, Tiraya, near Moruy, Istmo de Médanos, near El Supi, near La Bocaina (Municipio Falcon, Peninsula de Paraguana); near Los Taques, Bahia de Amuay (Municipio Los Taques); Punta Cardén (Municipio Carirubana); Coro, Embalse El Isiro, Macuquita, El Jebe (all this localities within the Municipio Miranda); La Vela (Municipio Colina); Istmo de Medanos (Municipio Falcon); Capatarida (Municipio Buchivacoa), Urumaco, El Mamon (both localities within the Municipio Urumaco). Habitats: Thorny xerophilous scrub. References: Markezich, Cole & Dessauer (1997. Amer. Mus. Novitates, 3207 21-60). Cnemidophorus lemmiscatus lemmiscatus (Linnaeus, 1758) Distribution: Cuare, Cayo Abajo, Riecito, Tucacas (Municipio Monsenor Iturriza); Mene de Mauroa (Municipio Mauroa); Taratara (Municipio Sucre); Boca de Aroa (Municipio Silva); Tacuato (Municipio Carirubana, Peninsula de Paraguana). Habitats: Tropophilous deciduous and semi-deciduous scrub; tropophilous deciduous low and median forest; tropophilous semi-deciduous seasonal forest; tropophilous deciduous basimontane forest; cultivated lands. Remarks: Currently this species is considered a species complex and all specimens from northern coast of Venezuela are under a taxonomical and systematic study (Markezich et al., 1997), that would modify the identity of the specimens cited here as belong to the nominal subspecies. References: McCrystal & Dixon (1987. J. Herpetol., 21(4):245-254, in part); Rivero-Blanco & Dixon (1979. Idem); Shreve (1947. Idem); Markezich eceal:.w1( LOS7e idem). Cnemidophorus lemmiscatus splendidus Markezich, Cole & Dessauer, 1997 Distribution: Cerro Santa Ana, near Pueblo Nuevo, Adaure, near San José de Cocodite, near Miraca, near El Vinculo, Monte Cano (all this localities within the Municipio Falcon, Peninsula de Paraguana). Habitats: Thorny xerophilous schrub; halophilous and psanmophilous littoral grassland; littoral xerophilous schrub; cultivated lands. References: Markezich et al. (1997. Idem). Tupinambis teguixin (Linnaeus, 1758) Distribution: A rare large lizard reported from: Boca de Yaracuy, Km 40 (both localities within the Municipio Palma Sola); Tivana (Municipio Silva). Habitats: Tropophilous semi-deciduous seasonal forest. References: Rivero-Blanco & Dixon (1979. Idem); Shreve (1947. Idem). 19 Family Tropiduridae Tropidurus (Plica) plica (Linnaeus, 1758) Distribution: Only one specimen is reported in Araure (Municipio Acosta?). Habitats: Tropophilous semi-deciduous seasonal forest. Remarks: We follow here the taxonomy proposed by Frost (1992. Amer. Mus. Novitates, 3033:1-68). This represent the first report of the species from the state of Falcon, and its northwesternmost record. References: None. Tropidurus sp 1 Distribution: El Jobo (Municipio Democracia); Taratara (Municipio Sucre) ; Embalse El Isiro (Municipio Miranda). Habitats: Thorny xerophilous scrub. Remarks: This specimens are under study by the authors. References: None. ORDER SQUAMATA Family Anomalepididae Liotyphlops albirostris Peters, 1857 Distribution: Some few specimens had been reported from Coro (Municipio Miranda); Adicora (Municipio Falcon, Peninsula de Paraguana) . Habitats: Littoral xerophilous scrub; psammophilous and halophilous Littoral grassland; thorny xerophilous scrub. Remarks: This population is under study by the authors and Van Wallach because some differences in squamation and internal organs topography had been detected. Also, this records represents the northwesternmost, and first record of the genus for the state of Falcon. The Paraguana records could not represent a natural population (apparently due to human introduction). References: Dixon & Kofron (1983. Amphibia-Reptilia, 4:241-264). Family Boidae Boa constrictor constrictor Linnaeus, 1758 Distribution: This is a common species along all territory of Falcon: near Mataruca (Municipio Colina), Capatarida (Municipio Democracia). Habitats: All habitats within the Falcon territory. Remarks: Although very few specimens are available, this species had been observed along almost all territory of Falcon, except in the Peninsula de Paraguana (see below). References: Lancini (1979. Las serpientes de Venezuela. Edit. Armitano. Caracas); Lancini & Kornacker (1989. Die schlangen von Venezuela. Verlag- Armitano Edit. Caracas); Roze (1966. Taxonomia y Zoogeografia de los Ofidios de Venezuela. Ediciones de la Biblioteca, Universidad Central de Venezuela, Caracas). Boa constrictor ssp. l Distribution: La Bocaina, El Pico, near San José de Cocodite (Municipio Falcon, Peninsula de Paraguana). Habitats: Littoral xerophilous scrub; psammophilous and halophilous Littoral grassland; thorny xerophilous scrub; tropophilous deciduous and 20 semi-deciduous scrub. e Remarks: This is an undescribed taxon currently under review of Luis F. Navarrete (MCNC). References: None. Corallus ruschenbergerii (Cope, 1876) Distribution: Some few records are from Riecito (Municipio Jacura), Refugio de Fauna de Cuare (Municipio Monsenor Iturriza). Habitats: Tropophilous semi-deciduous seasonal forest. References: Henderson (Carib. J. Sci., 33(3-4) :198-221). Epicrates maurus Gray, 1849 Distribution: A relatively common species in Falcon: Cabure (Municipio Petit); near San José de Cocodite (Municipio Falcon, Peninsula de Paraguana); near Guaibacoa (Municipio Colina); Riecito (Municipio Jacura); Mene de Mauroa (Municipio Mauroa). Habitats: Thorny xerophilous scrub; tropophilous deciduous and semi- deciduous scrub; tropophilous deciduous low and median forest; tropophilous semi-deciduous seasonal forest; coastal cloud forest. Remarks: We follow here the taxonomy proposed by Gorzula & Senaris (1998. Contribution to the herpetofauna of the Venezuelan Guayana. I. A data base. Scientia Guayanae, 8:xviiit270). References: None. Family Colubridae Chironius carinatus spixi (Hallowell, 1845) Distribution: A very rare species in Falcon: Cerro de Chichiriviche (Municipio Monsenhor Iturriza); Pauji (Municipio Union). Habitats: Tropophilous semi-deciduous seasonal forest. References: Dixon, Wiest & Cei (1993. Mus. Reg. Sci. Nat. Torino, 13:1-); Roze (1966. Idem: under the name Chironius carinatus); Shreve (1947. Idem: under the name Chironius carinatus). Chironius monticola Roze, 1952 Distribution: A very rare species in Falcon: Cabure (Municipio Petit, Sierra de San Luis). Habitats: Coastal cloud forest. Remarks: This represent the first record of the species from Falcon. References: None. Clelia clelia clelia (Daudin, 1803) Distribution: Only one specimes from: Adicora (Municipio Falc6én, Peninsula de Paraguana). Habitats: Littoral xerophilous scrub, Littoral psanmophilous and halophilous grasslands. Remarks: The specimen is a juvenile with characteristic pattern but Squamation does not fit well; its specific identity need confirmation. References: None. Drymarchon sp. 1 Distribution: This new taxon is currently known only by six specimens from: Near Siburta, Coro (both localities within the Municipio Miranda) ; Taratara (Municipio Sucre, Sierra de San Luis); near El Pauji (Municipio Federacion, Sierra de San Luis). Habitats: Thorny xerophilous scrub; tropophilous semi-deciduous and deciduous scrub. 21 Remarks: This new species currently is being described by Wolfgang Wlster and the senior author. References: Bisbal (1990. Idem: under the name Drymarchon corais) ; Rivero-Blanco & Dixon (1979. Idem: under the name Drymarchon corais). Erythrolamprus bizona Jan, 1863 Distribution: A relatively common snake, but with very few specimens catalogued in museums: Curimagua, Cabure (Municipio Petit, Sierra de San Luis)’: Habitats: Coastal cloud forest. References: Mijares-Urrutia & Arends (1998. Herpetol. Review, 29(2):103). Imantodes cenchoa (Linnaeus, 1758) Distribution: Riecito (Municipio Jacura); La Soledad de Uria, Curimagua (Municipio Petit, Sierra de San Luis). Habitats: Tropophilous semi-deciduous seasonal forest. References: Roze (1966. Idem: under the name I. cencnoa cenchoa); Shreve (1947. Idem). Leptodeira annulata ashmeadii (Hallowell, 1845) Distribution: Occur widely along almost all territory of Falcén (but not in Paraguana Peninsula): Cabure (Municipio Petit, Sierra de San Luis); Tivana, Sanare (Municipio Monsenor Iturriza); Riecito (Municipio Jacura); Coro (Municipio Miranda); Taratara (Municipio Sucre); El Jobo (Municipio Democracia); Chipare, La Vela, Guaibacoa (all this localities within Municipio Colina); Capatarida (Municipio Buchivacoa). Habitats: Littoral xerophilous scrub; psanmophilous and halophilous Littoral scrub; thorny xerophilous scrub; tropophilous deciduous and semi-deciduous scrub; tropophilous deciduous low and median forest; tropophilous semi-deciduous seasonal forests; coastal cloud forest; cultivated lands. References: Duellman (1958. Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., 114(1):1-152); Roze (1966. Idem); Shreve (1947. Idem: under the name Leptodeira rhombifera kugleri). Leptodeira bakeri Ruthven, 1936 Distribution: Endemic to the Aruba Island (Caribbean sea), and to the Peninsula de Paraguanaé, reaching untill 830 m in altitude in the summit of the Cerro Santa Ana: Guaidabacoa, Monte Cano, Piedra Honda, Moruy, Cerro Santa Ana, near La Bocaina, El Hato, near Adicora (Municipio Falcén); near Tacuato (Municipio Carirubana). Habitats: Thorny xerophilous scrub; tropophilous deciduous low and median forest; tropophilous basimontane deciduous forest; cultivated lands. References: Bisbal (1990. Idem: under the name Leptodeira annulata ashmeadii); Mijares-Urrutia, Markezich & Arends (1995. Carib. J. Sci., el (12) eV S32)) < Leptophis ahaetulla occidentalis (Gunther, 1859) Distribution: A uncommon snake with a wide altitudinal range of distribution: Chichiriviche (Municipio Monsenor Iturriza); Tucacas (Municipio Silva); Riecito (Municipio Jacura); Pueblo Nuevo (Municipio Falcon, Peninsula de Paraguana); near San Diego (Municipio Petit, Sierra dewsani siusis))) - Habitats: Thorny xerophilous scrub; tropophilous semi-deciduous seasonal forest; coastal cloud forest. References: Lancini (1979. Idem); Roze (1966. Idem); Shreve (1947. Idem: 22 under the name Leptophis occidentalis occidentalis). oe Liophis lineatus (Linnaeus, 1758) Distribution: Apparently common along northern coastal lowlands of Falcon: Coro, La Florida (both localities within Municipio Miranda). Habitats: Thorny xerophilous scrub. References: None. Liophis melanotus (Shaw, 1802) Distribution: Common species in lowlands of Falcon: Pauji (Municipio Union); Mirimire (Municipio San Francisco); El Mene (Municipio Acosta); Riecito (Municipio Jacura); Chichiriviche (Municipio Monsenor Iturriza); Cabure (Municipio Petit, Sierra de San Luis); near Cumarebo (Municipio Zamora). Habitats: Tropophilous semi-deciduous seasonal forest; coastal cloud forest. References: Shreve (1947. Idem: under the name Leimadopnis melanotu). Liophis reginae zweifeli (Roze, 1959) Distribution: Only one record of this species is currently known: Cerro El Danto (Municipio Petit, Sierra de San Luis). Habitats: Coastal cloud forest. References: Mijares-Urrutia & Arends (1999. Idem). Masticophis mentovarius suborbitalis (Peters, 1868) Distribution: This species is a common snakes in the coastal semiarid lowlands in Falcon: Coro, near Embalse El Isiro (both localities in the Municipio Miranda); Adaure, Guaidabacoa, La Bocaina (Municipio Falcon, Peninsula de Paraguana). Habitats: Thorny xerophilous scrub. References: Rivero-Blanco & Dixon (1979. Idem). Mastigodryas boddaerti boddaerti (Sentzen, 1796) Distribution: near Pueblo Nuevo de la Sierra, Curimagua (Municipio Petit, Sierra de San Luis). Habitats: Tropophilous basimontane deciduous forest; coastal cloud forest. Remarks: Shreve (1947) report the subspecies D. b. ruthveni but Lancini (1979. Las Serpientes de Venezuela. Ed. Armitano, Caracas) cuestioned this records. References: Roze (1966. Idem: under the name Dryadopnis boddaertii); Shreve (1947. Idem: under the names Dryadophis boddaerti boddaerti). Mastigodryas pleei (Duméril, Bibron & Duméril, 1854) Distribution: This is one of the most abundant snakes in coastal semiarid lowlands of northern Falcon: Cerro Santa Ana, Monte Cano, El Supi, near San José de Cocodite, Guaidabacoa, near La Bocaina, northern El Vinculo (all this localities in the Municipio Falcon, Peninsula de Paraguana); Taratara (Municipio Sucre, Sierra de San Luis); La Vela (Municipio Colina); Coro (Municipio Miranda). Habitats: Littoral xerophilous scrub; psanmophilous and halophilous Littoral scrub; thorny xerophilous scrub. References: Bisbal (1990. Idem); Rivero-Blanco & Dixon (1979. Idem); Mijares-Urrutia & Arends (1992. Herpetol. Review, 23(3):81). Ninia atrata (Haliowell, 1845) Distribution: El Jobo (Municipio Democracia); near Pueblo Nuevo de la 23 Sierra (Municipio Colina, Sierra de San Luis); Pauji (Municipio Uni6n); Curimagua (Municipio Petit, Sierra de San Luis). Habitats: Thorny xerophilous scrub; tropophilous basimontane deciduous forest; coastal cloud forest. References: Roze (1966. Idem); Shreve (1947. Idem). Oxybelis aeneus (Wagler, 1824) Distribution: One of the most common and widely distributed snake in Falcén: Moruy, Adaure, Monte Cano (all this localities in the Municipio Falcon, Peninsula de Paraguana); Tucacas (Municipio Silva); El Mene (Municipio Acosta); Taratara (Municipio Colina); El Jobo, Cururupare (both localities in the Municipio Democracia); near Puerto Cumarebo (Municipio Zamora). Habitats: Thorny xerophilous scrub; tropophilous semi-deciduous and deciduous scrub; tropophilous basimontane deciduous forest; tropophilous semi-deciduous seasonal forest. References: Rivero-Blanco & Dixon (1979. Idem); Roze (1966. Idem: under the name O. aeneus aeneus). Oxyzhopus venezuelanus Shreve, 1947 Distribution: A rare snake only known from few localities: Pauji (Municipio Uni6én); near Uria (Municipio Petit, Sierra de San Luis). Habitats: Tropophilous semi-deciduous seasonal forest; coastal cloud forest. References: Lancini (1979. Idem); Marcuzzi (1950. Idem); Roze (1966. Idem); Shreve (1947. Idem). Phimophis guianensis (Troschel, 1848) Distribution: This is a species common and with a wide distribution along all territory of Falcon: Boca del Tocuyo (Municipio Acosta); Pedregal (Municipio Democracia); Adaure, near San José de Cocodite, near La Bocaina, El Hato (all this localities within the Municipio Falcon, Peninsula de Paraguana); Tucacas (Municipio Silva); Capatarida (Municipio Buchivacoa); near Guarabal (Municipio Federacion); near Guaibacoa (Municipio Colina). Habitats: Thorny xerophilous scrub; tropophilous semi-deciduous and deciduous scrub; tropophilous deciduous low and median forest; tropophilous basimontane deciduous forest; tropophilous semi-deciduous seasonal forest. References: Rivero-Blanco & Dixon (1979. Idem); Roze (1966. Idem). Pseudoboa neuwiedii (Duméril, Bibron & Duméril, 1854) Distribution: A species moderately common but poorly represented in collections: Cabure (Municipio Petit, Sierra de San Luis); near San José de Cocodite (Municipio Falcon, Peninsula de Paraguana). Habitats: Thorny xerophilous scrub; coastal cloud forest. References: Roze (1966. Idem: under the name of P. n. neuwiedii); Shreve (1947. Idem: under the name of P. n. neuwiedii). Rhadinaea multilineata (Peters, 1859) Distribution: The first specimen collected within Falcon was collected near Sanare (Municipio Monsenor Iturriza). Habitats: Tropophilous semi-deciduous seasonal forest. References: Manzanilla, Mijares-Urrutia & Rivero. 1998. Herpetol. Review, 228) (()) 9 AEIES))) 24 Sibon nebulata nebulata (Linnaeus, 1758) Distribution: Records are from La Chapa (Municipio Miranda, Sierra de San Luis); Riecito (Municipio Jacura). Habitats: Tropophilous semi-deciduous seasonal forest; coastal cloud forest. References: Rivero-Blanco & Dixon (1979. Idem); Roze (1966. Idem: under the name S. nebulatus); Shreve (1947. Idem: under the name Dipsas nebulata). Spilotes pullatus pullatus (Linnaeus, 1758) Distribution: Tucacas (Municipio Silva); Riecito (Municipio Jacura); Ciénagas de Tacarigua (Municipio Tocoépero?); Cabure, Curimagua (both localities in Municipio Petit); Tomodoro (Municipio Colina). Habitats: Thorny xerophilous scrub; tropophilous deciduous low and median forest; tropophilous semi-deciduous seasonal forest; coastal cloud forest. References: Rivero-Blanco & Dixon (1979. Idem); Shreve (1947. Idem). Stenorrhina degenhardtii ocellata Jan, 1876 Distribution: Only two records are known from: near Las Dos Bocas (Municipio Colina), Cabure (Municipio Petit, Sierra de San Luis). Habitats: Tropophilous deciduous low and median forest; coastal cloud forest. References: Roze (1966. Idem); Shreve (1947. Idem: under the name S. degenhardtii). Tantilla melanocephala (Linnaeus, 1758) Distribution: Sanare (Municipio Silva); Riecito (Municipio Jacura); Pauji (Municipio Union). Habitats: Tropophilous semi-deciduous seasonal forest. References: Rivero-Blanco & Dixon (1979. Idem); Roze (1966. Idem); Shreve (1947. Idem: under the name 7. melanocephalus). Tantilla semicincta (Duméril, Bibron & Duméril, 1854) Distribution: Piedra Honda, Monte Cano, Adicora (all this localities from Municipio Falcén, Peninsula de Paraguana); Coro (Municipio Miranda). Habitats: Thorny xerophilous scrub. References: Lancini (1979. Idem). Thamnodynastes complex of species Distribution: Specimens had been reported from Capatarida (Municipio Buchivacoa); near San José de Cocodite, La Bocaina, near Buena Vista, Moruy (Municipio Falcén, Peninsula de Paraguana); northern Tacuato (Municipio Carirubana, Peninsula de Paraguana); Coro (Municipio Miranda). Habitats: Thorny xerophilous scrub; tropophilous semi-deciduous and deciduous scrub. Remarks: Records of this taxon from multiple localities suggest a wide distribution but we recognize significant differences among some populations (including distincts coloration and squamation patterns). This populations are currently under study by the authors. References: None. Xenodon severus (Linnaeus, 1758) Distribution: Only one specimen is currently known from: near Las Dos Bocas (Municipio Colina). 25 Habitats: Tropophilous deciduous low and median forest. References: Mijares-Urrutia & Arends (1999. Idem). Family Elapidae Micrurus dissoleucus dissoleucus (Cope, 1860) Distribution: This is a quite common snake in arid and semiarid lowlands of coastal Falcén: Tacuato (Municipio Carirubana, Peninsula de Para- guana); Adaure, near Cabo San Roman, Piedra Honda, near San José de Cocodite (all this localities are within the Municipio Falcdén, Peninsula de Paraguana); El Jobo (Municipio Democracia); Los Chipes, Coro (both localities within the Municipio Miranda). Habitats: Thorny xerophilous scrub; cultivated lands. References: Lancini (1979. Idem); Rivero-Blanco & Dixon (1979. Idem); Roze (1966. Idem). Micrurus dumerilii carinicaudus Schmidt, 1936 Distribution: Only two records from at 5.0 Km from Mirimire (Municipio San Francisco); near Cueva de Chipare (Municipio Colina). Habitats: Tropophilous deciduous and semi-deciduous scrub; tropophilous semi-deciduous seasonal forest. Remarks: Roze (1989) reported that in Falcén could appear intergrades specimens between the species M. d. carinicaudus and M. d. venezuelanus. References: Roze (1966. Idem: under the name M. carinicauda carinicauda) ; Roze (1989. Amer. Mus. Novitates, 2932:1-15). Micrurus dumerilii venezuelanus Roze, 1989 Distribution: Riecito (Municipio Jacura); La Fria (Municipio ?); El Mene (Municipio Acosta). Habitats: Tropophilous semi-deciduous seasonal forest. Remarks: See remarks in Micrurus dumerilii carinicauda. References: Roze (1989. Idem). Micrurus mipartitus semipartitus (Jan, 1858) Distribution: Only two records of this species from: Curimagua (Municipio Petit, Sierra de San Luis); Sanare (Municipio Monsenor Iturriza). Habitats: Tropophilous semi-deciduous seasonal forest; coastal cloud LOreSt. References: Mijares-Urrutia & Arends (1993. Idem). Family Leptotyphlopidae Leptotyphlops goudotti goudotti Duméril & Bibron, 1844 Distribution: This species is abundant, at least where this had been found, in Falcon: Coro (Municipio Miranda); Adicora (Municipio Falcon, Peninsula de Paraguana). Habitats: Littoral xerophilous scrub; psammophilous and halophilous Littoral grassland; thorny xerophilous scrub. Remarks: The northern Venezuelan populations are under study by Van Wallach and the authors. This taxon shows differences in external and internal morphology with nominal species. In several Venezuelan Museums specimens of this species are incorrectly labeled Leptotyphlops macrolepis (Peters, 1857). References: Roze (1966. Idem: under the name L. albifrons margaritae); Lancini (1979. Idem); Lancini & Kornacker, 1989. Idem). 26 Family Typhlopidae Typhlops lehneri Roux, 1926 Distribution: El Mene (Municipio (Acosta); El Pozon (Municipio Jacura?) ; Pauji (Municipio Union). Habitats: Tropophilous semi-deciduous seasonal forest. Remarks: The localities were originally mentioned as “...El Pozon, district Falcon, Vénézuéla”, also “la station El Mene, qui se trouve a 50 kilométres environ en aval de El Pozon,...” and “Pauji”. Shreve (1947) mentioned the type locality as “Pozon, Acosta District, Falcon State, Venezuela”. Currently the name “El Pozén” was not located in several maps of ther state of Falcon, but this would became changed or be confused with names “Los Pozones” or “Los Pozos” which are inhabited villages currently extant within the area of the old “Acosta District”). References: Lancini (1979. Idem); Lancini & Kornacker (1989. Idem); Roux (1927. Idem); Roze (1952. Mem. Soc. Cienc. Nat. La Salle, 12(32):143- 158); Roze (1966. Idem); Shreve (1947. Idem); Dixon & Hendricks (1979. Zool. Verh., Leiden, 173:1-39). Typhlops reticulatus (Linnaeus, 1758) Distribution: Currently only three records are known: Tucacas (Municipio Silva); Sanare (Municipio Monsenor Iturriza); Cueva de Chipare (Municipio Colina). Habitats: Tropophilous deciduous low and median forest; tropophilous semi-deciduous seasonal forest. References: Dixon & Hendricks (1979. Idem); Lancini (1979. Idem); Lancini & Kornacker (1989. Idem); Roze (1966. Idem); Shreve (1947. Idem). Family Viperidae Bothrops atrox (Linnaeus, 1758) Distribution: A highly common viper in the forested areas of lowlands and mountains of the Sierra de San Luis: La Pastora (Municipio Acosta); Cabure, Cataratas de Hueque, Curimagua (Municipio Petit, Sierra de San Luis); Riecito (Municipio Jacura); Sanare (Municipio Monsenor Iturriza); Cueva de Chipare (Municipio Colina); near Puerto Cumarebo (Municipio Zamora). Habitats: Tropophilous deciduous low and median forest; tropophilous semi-deciduous seasonal forest; tropophilous basimontane deciduous forest; coastal cloud forest; cultivated lands. References: Johnson & Dixon (1984. 18(3):329-332); Lancini (1979. Idem: under the name B. colombiensis); Roze (1966. Idem); Shreve (1947. Idem). Bothrops venezuelensis Sandner-Montilla, 1952 Distribution: All records are from only one locality: Riecito (Municipio Jacura). Habitats: Tropophilous semi-deciduous seasonal forest. Remarks: This species apparently is sympatric with B. atrox in this locality of eastern Falcén. This represent the first record of the species in Falcon. References: None. Crotalus durissus cumanensis Humboldt, 1811 Distribution: A widely distributed species along all lowlands of Falcon: Capatarida (Municipio Buchivacoa); Pueblo Nuevo, near La Bocaina (Municipio Falcén, Peninsula de Paraguana); Pedregal, El Jobo (Municipio Democracia); near Tacuato (Municipio Carirubana, Peninsula de Paraguana) ; 27 Boca de Tocuyo (Municipio Acosta); Coro (Municipio Miranda). Habitats: Littoral xerophilous scrub; psammophilous and halophilous Littoral grassland; thorny xerophilous scrub; tropophilous deciduous and semi-deciduous scrub; tropophilous semi-deciduous seasonal forest. References: Bisbal (1990. Idem); Rivero-Blanco (1979. Idem); Roze (1966. Idem: under the name C. d. terrificus); Shreve (1947. Idem). Porthidium lansbergi rozei (Peters, 1959) Distribution: A species quite rare becouse currently only two specimen had been reported from: near Coro (Municipio Miranda). Habitats: Thorny xerophilous scrub. References: Roze (1966. Idem: under the name "?Bothrops lansbergii"). SPECIES THAT POSSIBLY OCCUR IN THE STATE OF FALCON Family Leptodactylidae Pseudopaludicolla pusilla (Ruthven, 1916) Reported by: Rivero (1961. Idem). Distribution in Venezuela: Caribbean areas in northwestern Venezuela (La Marca, 1992. Idem). Current Status: No specimens reported from Falcon but it is consider occur within. Family Amphisbaenidae Amphisbaena alba Linnaeus, 1758 Record: No specimens had been collected till date within Falcon. Distribution in Venezuela: This is a common species of limbless lizard with a wide range in Venezuela (Peters & Donoso-Barros, 1970. Idem). Current Status: Some unconfirmed reports of this species had been reported from eastern Falcon. Family Polychrotidae Anolis annectens Williams, 1974 Record: Only one known specimen from an ambiguous locality in western Venezuela (Williams, 1974. Breviora Mus. Comp. JZool., 421:1-21). Distribution in Venezuela: The only one specimen known (the holotype) have a too much imprecise typical locality described as "Maracaibo Lake..." (Williams, 1974. Idem), suggesting implicitly that this species could occur in the westernmost portion of the state of Falcon. Current Status: Uncertain. Additional specimens could help to assert the taxonomical status of this species and define its geographical range. Anolis squamulatus Peters, 1863 Record: No specimens had been reported till date from Falcon. Distribution: This species is reported from the Coastal Range in northcentral Venezuela (Peters & Orejas-Miranda, 1970), inclusive its type locality (Puerto Cabello), is very near from the Falconian border. Current Status: We consider as very probable its presence in eastern Falcon. Family Gymnophthalmidae Gymnophthalmms lineatus (Linnaeus, 1758) Record: Known by one specimen, Museo de Ciencias Naturales de Caracas 28 195, from Tucacas (Municipio Silva). * Distribution in Venezuela: Not records exist from Venezuela. This species is only known from the Netherland Antilles (Peters & Donoso-Barros. 1970. Idem) . Current Status: This record needs for confirmation of specific identity. A human introduction could be possible. Family Viperidae Bothrops medusa (Sternfeld, 1920) Record: No specimens had been collected till date within Falcon. Distribution in Venezuela: Sensu Peters & Orejas-Miranda (1970. U. S. Natnl. Mus. Bull., 297:1-347), this species occur in the Coastal Range, northern Venezuela, with a westernward direction including the state of Carabobo which has border with Falcon and a homogeneous climate and ecological conditions with adjacent state of Falcon. Current Status: This species could reply the distribution of Bothrops venezuelensis. Family Anomalepididae Helmintophis flavotemminatus (Peters, 1857) Record: Currently, no specimens had been collected till date within Falcon. Distribution in Venezuela: Roze (1966) reported specimens of this species from central portion of Coastal Range (in northern Venezuela) and from state of Zulia, in far western Venezuela. Current Status: This species is reported along all Falcén except in the Peninsula de Paraguana (see References), but no voucher are currently extant. References: Lancini (1979. Idem); Lancini & Kornacker (1989. Idem); Roze (1966. Idem). Family Colubridae Leptodeira septentrionalis ormata (Bocourt, 1884) Record: No museum record had been found yet, but in MBUCV, reptiles section (catalogue not seen) would be stored the specimen mentioned by Roze (1970. See References). Distribution in Venezuela: Known from northwestern Venezuela (state of Zulia and Falcon). Current Status: Reported from the extreme western Falcdén (see References). References: Roze (1970. Ciencia y Fantasia sobre las Serpientes de Venezuela. Edit. Fondo Cult. Cient. Caracas); Lancini (1979. Idem). SPECIES ERRONEOUSLY REPORTED OR DOUTFUL RECORDS FROM THE STATE OF FALCON Leptodactylus hylaedactylus (Cope, 1868) Reported by: Ginés (1959. Idem); Rivero (1963. Idem). Distribution in Venezuela: Reported in Caripito, state of Monagas, eastern Venezuela (sensu La Marca, 1992). Current Status: No specimens known from Falcon. This taxon is currently named Adenomera hylaedactyla. We consider this a mistaken report. Hyla boulengeri (Cope, 1887) Reported by: Rivero (1961. Idem); Rivero (1963. Idem). 29 Distribution in Venezuela: The northern and southern populations mentioned by Rivero (1961, 1963) represent currently other species. Current Status: Sensu La Marca (1992. Idem), the northern population at present is known as Scinax rostrata, southern populations represent currently Scinax garbei and Scinax kennedyi. Oxybelis fulgidus (Daudin, 1803) Reported by: Rivero-Blanco & Dixon (1979. Idem). Current Distribution in Venezuela: Eastern and southern Venezuela (Lancini & Kornacker, 1989. Idem). Current Status: We consider this as a mistaken report. Micrurus circinalis (Duméeril, Bibron, Duméeril, 1854) Reported by: Rivero-Blanco & Dixon (1979. Idem). Current Distribution in Venezuela: Eastern and southern Venezuela (Lancini and Kornacker, 1989. Idem). Current Status: Sensu Roze (1967. Amer. Mus. Novitates, 2287:1-59), Roze (1982. Mem. Inst. Butantan, 46:305-338) and Lancini and Kornacker 1989. Idem), this species is a synonym of M. psyches psyches. We consider this as a mistaken report. 30 > Table 1.- Summary of the number of taxa within each taxonomical level of amphibians and reptiles (not include those species listed as possibly occurring within Falcon). Families Genera Species Table 2.- Summary of the number of species of amphibians and reptiles by each Municipios within the state of Falcon. The Municipios that have “0” record of species of amphibians, reptiles, or both, would occur that are political entities created very recently and have not been surveyed or only have not been adequately explored (only unconfirmed records, or not specimens in collection neither published records, e.g.: Municipio Dabajuro). The integer for each Municipio matches the integer used in the map of Falcon (Figure 1). ike 2. Bolivar 3. Buchivacoa 4. Cacique Manaure 5. Carirubana 6. Colina 7. Dabajuro 8. Democracia 9. Falcon 10.Federacion 11.Jacura 12.Los Taques 13.Mauroa 14.Miranda 15.Monsefior Iturriza 16.Palma Sola 17.Petit 18. Pirie 19.San Francisco 20.Silva 21.Uni6n 22.Zamora 23.Tocdépero 24.Urumaco 25.Sucre DOWWOWAUWOTNNOD i) uw NOOr FR ff OF CHECKLIST AND BIBLIOGRAPY OF CUBAN AMPHIBIANS (ANURA) Vilma Rivalta Gonzalez Instituto de Ecologia y Sistematica Ministerio de Ciencia, Tecnologia y Medio Ambiente SMITHSONIAN HERPETOLOGICAL INFORMATION SERVICE NO. 124 2000 SMITHSONIAN HERPETOLOGICAL INFORMATION SERVICE The SHIS series publishes and distributes translations, bibliographies, indices, and similar items judged useful to individuals interested in the biology of amphibians and reptiles, but unlikely to be published in the normal technical journals. Single copies are distributed free to interested individuals. Libraries, herpetological associations, and research laboratories are invited to exchange their publications with the Division of Amphibians and Reptiles. We wish to encourage individuals to share their bibliographies, translations, etc. with other herpetologists through the SHIS series. If you have such items please contact George Zug for instructions on preparation and submission. Contributors receive 50 free copies. Please address all requests for copies and inquiries to George Zug, Division of Amphibians and Reptiles, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington DC 20560 USA. Please include a self-addressed mailing label with requests. INTRODUCTION The amphibian fauna of Cuba consists of 55 species described to date, of which 52 (94.5 %) are endemic. It contains a total of 67 taxa, including subspecies, nine of which have been described since the most recently published checklist (Powell et al., 1996). Herein, I list all new and previously described species of amphibians. This bibliography of the Cuban amphibians deals, in a great part, with taxonomy and geographical distribution. There are many papers in which the species of a given region are listed, and some data about their habitats are presented. In a very few papers, the ecological aspects at the population or community level are described. The present checklist contains the 55 Cuban species described up to 1998. The bibliography encompasses all references that I have found referring to any aspect of Cuban amphibians, whether formally published or presented at symposia or as a thesis. In the following list, the endemic taxa are marked with an asterisk (*). ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I am grateful to Lourdes Rodriguez Schettino, Kevin de Queiroz, Ada Chamizo Lara, Luis de Armas, Mercedes Martinez Reyes, Luis V. Moreno, Rafael Borroto, Ariel Rodriguez, Roberto Alonso, and Lisset Gémez for their comments and help. CHECKLIST OF CUBAN AMPHIBIA ANURA BUFONIDAE Bufo cataulaciceps Schwartz, 1959* Bufo empusus (Cope, 1862)* Bufo fustiger Schwartz, 1960* Bufo gundlachi Ruibal, 1959* Bufo longinasus Stejneger, 1905* Bufo peltocephalus Tschudi, 1838* Bufo taladai Schwartz, 1960* HYLIDAE Osteopilus septentrionalis (Duméril and Bibron, 1841) LEPIDODACTYLIDAE Eleutherodactylus acmonis Schwartz, 1960* Eleutherodactylus albipes Barbour and Shreve, 1937* Eleutherodactylus atkinsi Dunn, 1925* Eleutherodactylus auriculatus (Cope, 1862)* Eleutherodactylus bartonsmithi Schwartz, 1960* Eleutherodactylus blairhedgesi Estrada, Diaz and Rodriguez, 1997* Eleutherodactylus bresslerae Schwartz, 1960* Eleutherodactylus cubanus Barbour and Shreve, 1937* Eleutherodactylus cuneatus (Cope, 1862)* Eleutherodactylus dimidiatus (Cope, 1862)* Eleutherodactylus eileenae Dunn, 1926* Eleutherodactylus emiliae Dunn, 1926* Eleutherodactylus etheridgei Schwartz, 1958* Eleutherodactylus glamyrus Estrada and Hedges, 1997* Eleutherodactylus greyi Dunn, 1926* Eleutherodactylus guanahacabibes Estrada and Novo Rodriguez, 1985* Eleutherodactylus guantanamera Hedges, Estrada and Thomas, 1992* Eleutherodactylus gundlachi Schmidt, 1920* Eleutherodactylus iberia Estrada and Hedges, 1996* Eleutherodactylus intermedius Barbour and Shreve, 1937* Eleutherodactylus ionthus Schwartz, 1960* Eleutherodactylus jaumei Estrada and Alonso, 1997* Eleutherodactylus klinikowski Schwartz, 1959* Eleutherodactylus leberi Schwartz, 1965* Eleutherodactylus limbatus (Cope, 1862)* Eleutherodactylus mariposa Hedges, Estrada and Thomas, 1992* Eleutherodactylus melacara Hedges, Estrada and Thomas, 1992* Eleutherodactylus orientalis Barbour and Shreve, 1937* Eleutherodactylus pezopetrus Schwartz, 1960* Eleutherodactylus pinarensis Dunn, 1926* Eleutherodactylus planirostris (Cope, 1862) Eleutherodactylus principalis Estrada and Hedges, 1997* Eleutherodactylus ricordii (Duméril and Bibron, 1841)* Eleutherodactylus riparius Estrada and Hedges, 1998* Eleutherodactylus ronaldi Schwartz, 1960* Eleutherodactylus sierramaestrae Schmidt, 1920* Eleutherodactylus symingtoni Schwartz, 1957* Eleutherodactylus tetajulia Estrada and Hedges, 1996* Eleutherodactylus thomasi Schwartz, 1959* Eleutherodactylus toa Estrada and Hedges, 1991* Eleutherodactylus tonyi Estrada and Hedges, 1997* Eleutherodactylus turquinensis Barbour and Shreve, 1937* Eleutherodactylus varians (Gundlach and Peters, 1864)* Eleutherodactylus varleyi Dunn, 1925* Eleutherodactylus zeus Schwartz, 1958* Eleutherodactylus zugi Schwartz, 1958* RANIDAE Rana catesbeiana Shaw, 1802 BIBLIOGRAPHY Abreu, R., J. de la Cruz, A. 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Fauna Curacao and Carib. Is. 22 (86):98-123. Schwartz, A. 1969. The Antillean Eleutherodactylus of the auriculatus group. Stud. Fauna Curacao and Carib. Is. 30 (114):99-115. Schwartz, A. 1974. Eleutherodactylus planirostris. Cat. Amer. Amph. and Rept. 142:1- 4. Schwartz, A. 1978. Some aspects of the herpetogeography of the West Indies. pp. 31- 51. In Zoogeography in the Caribbean ( F. B. Gill, de.). Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, Spec. Publ. no. 13. Schwartz, A. 1985. Eleutherodactylus (part ). pp. 265-331. In Amphibians species of the world. (D. R. Lawrence, ed.). Lawrence, Kansas. Allen Press and the Association of Systematics Collections. Schwartz, A., and R. W. Henderson. 1985. A guide to the identification of the amphibians and reptiles of the West Indies exclusive of Hispaniola. Milwaukee Public Mus. 165 pp. Schwartz, A., and R. W. Henderson. 1988. West Indian amphibians and reptiles: a checklist. Milwaukee Public. Mus. Contr. Biol. and Geol. 74. 264 pp. Schwartz, A., and R. W. Henderson. 1991. Amphibians and reptiles of the West Indies: Descriptions, distributions, and natural history. Univ. Florida Press, Gainesville. 720 pp. Schwartz, A., and L.H. Ogren. 1956. A collection of reptiles and amphibians from Cuba with the description of two new forms. Herpetologica (12):91-110. Schwartz, A., and R. Thomas. 1975. A check-list of West Indian amphibians and reptiles. Carnegie Mus. Nat. Hist. Spec. Publ. 1:1-216. Shaw, G. 1802. General zoology or systematic. Natural History, vol. 3. T. Davison, London. 19 Silva Rodriguez, A., and A. R. Estrada. 1982. Vertebrados de la Estaci6n Ecologica Sierra del Rosario. Misc. Zool., Acad. Cien. Cuba 15:1-2. Silva Taboada, G. 1974. Sinopsis de la espeleofauna cubana. Ser. Espeleol. Carsol. 43:1-65. Soto Ramirez, E. 1994. Los vertebrados terrestres de Bacunayagua humedal de la costa noroccidental de Matanzas, Cuba. Memorias del Segundo Simposio Internacional Humedales’94, Matanzas (Ciénaga de Zapata). pp. 204-208. Stejneger, L. 1905. Description of a new toad from Cuba. Proc. U. S. Natl. Mus. 28:765-767. Stejneger, L. 1917. Cuban amphibians and reptiles collected for the United States National Museum from 1899 to 1902. Proc. U. S. Natl. Mus. 53 (2205):259-291. Surlf Esteban, M., and A. Gonzalez Flores. 1986. Analisis de la pesqueria de Rana catesbeiana en Cuba. Restimenes, Quinta Conf. Cient. Cien. Nat. p. 136. Torres Barbosa, A., A. Chamizo Lara, and L. V. Moreno. 1994. Distribucion geografica de los anfibios y reptiles cubanos cuyos biotipos se encuentran depositados en la coleccién herpetoldégica del Instituto de Ecologia y Sistematica. Resimenes, Primer Taller de Biodiversidad, Santiago de Cuba (Centro Oriental de Ecosistemas y Biodiversidad, BIOECO, Santiago de Cuba). p. 26. Torres Barbosa, A., V. Rivalta Gonzalez, A. Chamizo Lara, and J. M. Pino Moreno. 1998. Uso comestible y medicinal de la fauna silvestre en el municipio Maisi, Cuba. Restmenes, Biosfera’98, La Habana (Centro Capitolio). p.54. Townsend, D. S. 1996. Patterns of parental care in frogs of the genus Eleutherodactylus, pp.229-239. In Contributions to West Indian Herpetology: A Tribute to Albert Schwartz. (R. Powell and R. W. Henderson, eds.). Society for the Study of Amphibians and Reptiles, Ithaca, New York. Contributions to Herpetology, vol. 12% Trueb, L. 1966. Morphology and development of the skull in the frog Hyla septentrionalis. Copeia 1966 (3):562-573. Trueb, L. 1970. Evolutionary relationships of casque-headed tree-frogs with co-ossified skulls (family Hylidae). Univ. Kansas Publ., Mus. Nat. Hist. 18 (7):547-716. Trueb, L., and M. J. Tyler. 1974. Systematics and evolution of the Greater Antilles hylid frogs. Occas. Pap. Mus. Nat. Hist. Univ. Kansas 24:1-60. Tschudi, J. von. 1838. Classification der Batrachier, mit Berucksichtigung der fossilien thiere dieser Abtheilung der Reptilien Petitpierre. Neuchatel, 1-102. Valdés de la Osa, A. 1978. Utilizacién del nido de Speotyto cunicularia (Aves: Strigiformes) como refugio por Bufo peltocephalus (Amphibia: Bufonidae). Misc. Zool., Acad. Cien. Cuba 7:4. Valdés de la Osa, A. 1988. A note on the distribution of Eleutherodactylus eileenae. Herpetol. Rev. 19:10. Valdés de la Osa, A. 1988. Systematic comments on Peltophryne peltocephala (Anura:Bufonidae) in the Cuban Archipiélago. Carib. J. Sci. 24 (1-2):39-43. 20 Valdés de la Osa, A. 1989. Notas sobre Sminthillus limbatus (Cope). Carib. 9. Sci. 25 (1-2):96-98. Valdés de la Osa, A., and F. N. Ruiz. 1977. Caso de canibalismo en Eleutherodactylus cuneatus (Cope) (Salientia:Leptodactylidae). Misc. Zool., Acad. Cien. Cuba 6:4. Valdés de la Osa, A., and F. N. Ruiz. 1979. Manifestacién del patrén conductual de aumento de volumen en buf6énidos cubanos. Misc. Zool., Acad. Cien. Cuba 8:3-4. Valdés de la Osa, A., and F. N. Ruiz. 1980. Consideraciones sistematica sobre Bufo longinasus (Anura:Bufonidae) de Cuba y descripcién de una nueva subespecie. Poeyana 206:1-33. Valdés de la Osa, A., and L. Zayas. 1980. Observaciones alimentarias en anuros leptodactilidos de la Sierra del Rosario. Cien. Biol. 4:123-124. Valdés Zamora, G., V. Berovides Alvarez, and J. F. Milera. 1986. Ecologia de Polymita picta roseolimbata Torte, 1950, en la region de Maisi, Cuba. Cien. Biol. 15:77- 93. Vina Bayés, N., and N. Vifia Davila. 1991. Base de datos zooldgicos de la Sierra Maestra. Resimenes, Segundo Simposio de Zoologia, La Habana. p. 119. Vifia Davila, N., A. M. Batts Gomez, G. Garcia Gonzalez, N. Vifia Bayés, and A. Ruiz Balii. 1984. Andlisis de la variacion altitudinal de los vertebrados presentes en la Cuenca del Rio Palma en la vertiente Sur de la Sierra Maestra. Biologia (Universidad de Onente): 104-115. Vogel, Z. 1965. Herpetologische Beobachtungen auf Kuba. IV. Ausg. B, Aquar. und Terra. 12 :420-422. Vogel, Z. 1968. Eine neue Krétenform aus Kuba. Ausg. B, Aquar. und Terra. 15 (3):88- 89. Vogel, Z. 1971. Una nueva forma de sapo de Cuba (Bufonidae). Poeyana 89:1-4. Walton, A. C. 1940. Notes on amphibian parasites. Proc. Helminthol. Soc. Washington 7:87-91. Werner, F. 1917. Uber einige neue Reptilien und einen neuen Frosch des Zoologischen Museums in Hamburg. Mitt. Zool. Mus. Hamburg 34: 31-36. Wright, A. H., and A. A. Wright. 1949. Handbook of frogs and toads. 3rd ed. Comstock Publ. Co., Ithaca. 640 pp. Zajicek, D., and M. Mauri Méndez. 1969. Hemoparasitos de algunos animales de Cuba. Poeyana 66:1-10. CUBAN REPTILES: ORIGINAL CITATIONS, HOLOTYPES, AND GEOGRAPHIC RANGE Lourdes Rodriguez Schettino Instituto de Ecologia y Sistematica Ministerio de Ciencia, Tecnologia y Medio Ambiente BALI h i\ he PALA cIBRA SMITHSONIAN HERPETOLOGICAL INFORMATION SERVICE NO. 125 2000 SMITHSONIAN HERPETOLOGICAL INFORMATION SERVICE The SHIS series publishes and distributes translations, bibliographies, indices, and similar items judged useful to individuals interested in the biology of amphibians and reptiles, but unlikely to be published in the normal technical journals. Single copies are distributed free to interested individuals. Libraries, herpetological associations, and research laboratories are invited to exchange their publications with the Division of Amphibians and Reptiles. We wish to encourage individuals to share their bibliographies, translations, etc. with other herpetologists through the SHIS series. If you have such items please contact George Zug for instructions on preparation and submission. Contributors receive 50 free copies. Please address all requests for copies and inquiries to George Zug, Division of Amphibians and Reptiles, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington DC 20560 USA. Please include a self-addressed mailing label with requests. INTRODUCTION The Cuban terrestrial reptile fauna is composed of 120 known species, of which 97 species are endemic (80.8%). Cuban reptiles occur throughout the country, not only in all natural vegetation types but also in urban and agricultural places. They eat many invertebrates and are the prey for other vertebrates. For these reasons, reptiles play an important role in the food webs of Cuban ecosystems and must be well understood in order to ensure their correct management and conservation. Since the publication of the most recent checklist of the West Indian herpetofauna (Powell et al., 1996), several new Cuban reptiles have been described (Diaz et al., 1996; Pérez-Beato, 1996-1997; Thomas and Hedges, 1998a, b; Thomas et al., 1998) and some subspecies have been elevated to species (Thomas and Hedges, 1998a, b). As Powell et al. (1996) stated, no previous list had provided complete citations of the original descriptions of species. They provided a full list to the species level. Nevertheless, the subspecies level is often useful for understanding variation within species. Consequently, I give here a list with complete citations for all Cuban terrestrial reptiles described up to 1998, including the recognized species and subspecies. For each taxon I report: A) the correct name in use with author and date; B) the complete citation of the original description; C) the page number for the name, between parentheses; D) the holotype or syntypes; and E) the geographic range within Cuba. The generic names Chamaeleolis and Cadea are maintained here despite the opinions of Hass et al. (1993) and Hedges (1996), respectively, because I believe that both have enough diagnostic characters for maintaining their taxonomic status - and recognizing them as genera. The abbreviations used are as follows: AMNH, American Museum of Natural History, New York; ANSP, Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia; BMNH, British Museum (Natural History), London; BYU, Brigham Young University, Provo; CARE, Coleccion de Alberto R. Estrada; CAS- SU, Stanford University (in the California Academy of Sciences, San Francisco); CM, Carnegie Museum of Natural History, Pittsburgh; ChM, Charleston Museum, Charleston; CZACC, Colecciones Zoolégicas, Instituto de Ecologia y Sistematica, La Habana; HZM, Universitat Hamburg, Zoologische Museum, Hamburg; IZ, Instituto de Zoologia, La Habana; MCTH, Museo Carlos de la Torre y Huerta, Holguin, Cuba; MCZ, Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard University, Cambridge; MNHN, Muséum National d’ Histoire Naturelle, Paris; MNHNCU, Museo Nacional de Historia Natural de Cuba, La Habana; UIMNH, University of Illinois, Museum of Natural History, Urbana; UMMZ, Museum of Zoology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor; USNM, National Museum of Natural History, Washington; UZM, Universitets Zoologiske Museum, Kjgbenhavn; ZMB, Museum fur Naturkunde, Humboldt-Universitat, Berlin. I thank Kevin de Queiroz for his help in acquiring some of the papers cited here. Also, Kevin de Queiroz, Vilma Rivalta, Ada Chamizo, Luis F. de Armas, and Luis V. Moreno for their useful comments on the manuscript. CUBAN REPTILES: ORIGINAL CITATIONS & DISTRIBUTIONS Order Testudines Family Emydidae Trachemys decussata decussata (Gray), 1831. Gray, J. E. 1831. Synopsis Reptilium. Treuttel, Wurz, Sowerby, and Woods, Londres, viii + 84 pp. (p. 28). Holotype: BMNH 1947.3.4.79. Central and eastern Cuba. Trachemys decussata angusta (Barbour and Carr), 1940. Barbour, T. and Carr, A. 1940. Antillean terrapins. Mem. Mus. Comp. Zool. 54(5):381-415. (p. 402). Holotype: MCZ 34340. Western Cuba; Isla de la Juventud. Order Crocodilia Family Crocodylidae Crocodylus rhombifer Cuvier, 1807. Cuvier, G. 1807. Sur les différentes espéces de crocodiles vivans et sur leurs caractéres distinctifs. Ann. Mus. Nat. Hist. Paris 10:8-86. (p. 51). Holotype: Unlocated: probably in MNHN but not designated. Ciénaga de Zapata; Ciénaga de Lanier. Crocodylus acutus Cuvier, 1807. Cuvier, G. 1807. Sur les différentes espéces de crocodiles vivans et sur leurs caractéres distinctifs. Ann. Mus. Nat. Hist. Paris 10:8-86. (p. 55). Holotype: Unlocated. Cuba. Caiman crocodilus fuscus (Cope), 1868. Cope, E. D. 1868. On the crocodilian genus Perosuchus. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia 20:203. (p. 203). Holotype: Unknown. Ciénaga de Lanier. Order Squamata - Lizards Family Amphisbaenidae Amphisbaena cubana Gundlach and Peters in Peters, 1878. Peters, W. 1878 Uber vier neue amerikanische Amphisbaena-Arten. Monatsber. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 1878:778-781. (p. 780). Holotype: ZMB 9383. From Cienfuegos to San Carlos, Guantanamo province; Isla de la Juventud. Amphisbaena barbouri Gans and Alexander, 1962. Gans, C. and Alexander, A. A. 1962. Studies on Amphisbaenids (Amphisbaenia, Reptilia). 2. On the amphisbaenids of the Antilles. Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool. 128(3):65-158. (p. 97). Holotype: MCZ 12136. From La Habana province to Cienfuegos province. Amphisbaena carlgansi Thomas and Hedges, 1998. Thomas, R. and Hedges, S. B. 1998. A new amphisbaenian from Cuba. J. Herpetol. 32(1):92-96. (p. 93). Holotype: MNHNCU-4421. Meseta de Cabo Cruz, Granma province. Cadea blanoides Stejneger, 1916. Stejneger, L. 1916. Notes on amphisbaenian nomenclature. Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington 29:85. (p. 85). Holotype: BMNH 1946.8.2.20. From Sierra de los Organos, Pinar del Rio province to Matanzas province; Isla de la Juventud. Cadea palirostrata Dickerson, 1916. Dickerson, M. C. 1916. Description of a new amphisbaenian collected by the late Dr. Charles S. Mead in 1911 on the Isle of Pines, Cuba. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist. 35(34):659-662. (p. 659). Holotype: AMNH 2717. Isla de la Juventud. Family Anguidae Diploglossus delasagra (Cocteau), 1838 or 1839. Cocteau, J. T. 1838 or 1839. Reptiles. In Historia Fisica, Politica y Natural de la Isla de Cuba (R. de la Sagra, ed.), (p. 110). Syntypes: MNHN 2856, 2858, 2859; RNH 3626. From Pinar del Rio province to Gibara in Holguin province; Isla de la Juventud. Diploglossus nigropunctatus Barbour and Shreve, 1937. Barbour, T. and Shreve, B. 1937. Novitates Cubanae. Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool. 80(9):377-387 + 4 lams. (p. 378). Holotype: MCZ 42504. Northeastern Guantanamo. Diploglossus garridoi Thomas and Hedges, 1998. Thomas, R. and Hedges, S. B. 1998. New anguid lizard (Diploglossus) from Cuba. Copeia 1998(1):97-103. (p. 97). Holotype: MNHNCU 4420. El Manguito, Granma province. Family Gekkonidae Gonatodes albogularis fuscus Hallowell, 1855. Hallowell, E. 1855. Contributions to South American herpetology. J. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia 2(3):33-36. (p. 33). Holotype: Unlocated. Cuba. Hemidactylus haitianus Meerwarth, 1901. Meerwarth, H. 1901. Die westindischen Reptilien und Batrachier des naturhistorischen Museums in Hamburg. Mitt. Naturhist. Mus. Hamburg 18:1- 41. (p. 17). Holotype: HZM (destroyed). Cuba. Hemidactylus mabouia Moreau de Jonnés, 1818. Moreau de Jonnés, A. 1818. Monographie du mabouia des murailles, ou Gecko Mabouia des Antilles. Bull. Sci. Soc. Philomath. Paris 1818:138-139. (p. 138). Holotype: MNHN 6573. Guantanamo city. Hemidactylus turcicus turcicus (Linnaeus), 1758. Linnaeus, K. von 1758. Systema Naturae per regna tria naturae, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, diferentiis, synonymis, locis. Tomus I, Editio Decima, reformata, 824 pp. (p. 202). Holotype: Unlocated. Coastal places between La Habana city and Santiago de Cuba city. Sphaerodactylus elegans elegans Mac Leay, 1834. Mac Leay, W. S. 1834. A few remarks No. XIV. Proc. Zool. Soc. London 11(14):9-12. (p. 12). Holotype: Unlocated. Cuba; Isla de la Juventud; Archipiélago de los Canarreos, Archipiélago de Sabana-Camagiiey; and Archipiélago de los Jardines de la Reina. Sphaerodactylus argus argus Gosse, 1850. Gosse, P. 1850. Descriptions of a new genus and six new species of saurian reptiles. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. 2(6):344-348. (p. 347). Sytitypes: BMNH 47.12.24.56, 47.12.24.59. From Juragua, Cienfuegos province, to Santa Clara; from Los Negros to Cabo Cruz, Granma province; Santiago de Cuba city; Archipiélago de los Jardines de la Reina. Sphaerodactylus torrei torrei Barbour, 1914. Barbour, T. 1914. A contribution to the zoogeography of the West Indies, with special references to amphibians and reptiles. Mem. Mus. Comp. Zool. 44(2):209-359. (p. 260). Holotype: MCZ 6916. From Santiago de Cuba city to Playa Juragua. Sphaerodactylus torrei spielmani Grant, 1958. Grant, C. 1958. A new gekkonid lizard (Sphaerodactylus) from Cuba. Herpetologica 14(4):225-227. (p. 225). Holotype: UIMNH 44105. West of Guantanamo Bay. Sphaerodactylus scaber Barbour and Ramsden, 1919. Barbour, T. and Ramsden, C. 1919. The herpetology of Cuba. Mem. Mus. Comp. Zool. 47(2):71-213. (p. 126). Holotype: MCZ 12304. From Sagua la Grande, Villa Clara province, to Sierra de Najasa, Camagiiey province; Cayo Conuco, Villa Clara province. Sphaerodactylus intermedius Barbour and Ramsden, 1919. Barbour, T. and Ramsden, C. 1919. The herpetology of Cuba. Mem. Mus. Comp. Zool. 47(2):71-213. (p. 211). Holotype: MCZ 12305. From Rincén de Guanabo, La Habana province, to Hato Nuevo, Matanzas province. Sphaerodactylus oliveri Grant, 1944. Grant, C. 1944. New Sphaerodactylus from Cuba and the Isla de Pinos. Herpetologica 2(6):118-125. (p. 118). Holotype: UMMZ 93310 or CAS-SU 14683. From eastern Cienfuegos to Trinidad and Topes de Collantes. Sphaerodactylus storeyae Grant, 1944. Grant, C. 1944. New Sphaerodactylus from Cuba and the Isla de Pinos. Herpetologica 2(6):118-125. (p. 125). Holotype: CAS-SU 9296. Punta del Este, Isla de la Juventud. Sphaerodactylus ramsdeni Ruibal, 1959. Ruibal, R. 1959. A new species of Sphaerodactylus from Oriente, Cuba. Herpetologica 15(2):89-93. (p. 89). Holotype: MCZ 8536. Sierras de la Gran Piedra, Santiago de Cuba province, and Sierra de] Guaso, Guantanamo province. Sphaerodactylus ruibali Grant, 1959. Grant, C. 1959. Another new Sphaerodactylus from Guantanamo, Cuba. Herpetologica 15(1):53. (p. 53). Holotype: UIMNH 44246. From western Guantanamo Bay to Macambo. Sphaerodactylus nigropunctatus alayoi Grant, 1959. Grant, C. 1959. A new Sphaerodactylus from Guantanamo, Cuba. Herpetologica 15(1):49-53. (p. 49). Holotype: UIMNH 44215. Vicinity of Guantanamo city. Sphaerodactylus nigropunctatus granti Thomas and Schwartz, 1966. Thomas, R. and Schwartz, A. - 1966. The Sphaerodactylus decoratus complex in the West Indies. Brigham Young Univ. Sci. Bull. 7(4):1-26. (p. 10). Holotype: BYU 17233. Archipiélago de Sabana-Camagiiey; from Nuevitas, Camagiiey province, to Levisa, Holguin province, on North and to Guantanamo on South. Sphaerodactylus nigropunctatus lissodesmus Thomas and Schwartz, 1966. Thomas, R. and Schwartz, A. 1966. The Sphaerodactylus decoratus complex in the West Indies. Brigham Young Univ. Sci. Bull. 7(4):1-26. (p. 12). Holotype: MCZ 57344. Sierra de Cubitas, Camagiiey province. Sphaerodactylus nigropunctatus strategus Thomas and Schwartz, 1966. Thomas, R. and Schwartz, A. 1966. The Sphaerodactylus decoratus complex in the West Indies. Brigham Young Univ. Sci. Bull. 7(4):1-26. (p. 13). Holotype: MCZ 81110. From Guantanamo Naval Base to Caimanera. Sphaerodactylus nigropunctatus ocujal Thomas and Schwartz, 1966. Thomas, R. and Schwartz, A. 1966. The Sphaerodactylus decoratus complex in the West Indies. Brigham Young Univ. Sci. Bull. 7(4):1-26. (p. 16). Holotype: USNM 138015. From Niquero, Granma province, to Jutisi, east of Santiago de Cuba Bay. Sphaerodactvlus notatus atactus Schwartz, 1966. Schwartz, A. 1966. Geographic variation in Sphaerodactylus notatus Baird. Rev. Biol. Trop. 13(2):161-185. (p. 166). Holotype: AMNH 92820. Cuba; Isla de la Juventud; Archipiélago de los Canarreos; Cayos de San Felipe. Sphaerodactvlus bromeliarum Peters and Schwartz, 1972. Peters, G. and Schwartz, A. 1972. Ein neuer, Bromelien bewohnender Kugelfingergecko (Gekkonidae: Sphaerodactylus) aus Onente/Cuba. Mitt. Zool. Mus. Berlin 48(2):393-399. (p. 395). Holotype: ZMB 42827. Yunque de Baracoa. Sphaerodactvlus armasi Schwartz and Garrido, 1974. Schwartz, A. and Garrido, O. H. 1974. A new Cuban species of Sphaerodactylus (Gekkonidae) of the nigropunctatus complex. Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington 8(30):337-344. (p. 339). Holotype: IZ 4089. From western Guantanamo Bay to Maisi, Guantanamo province. Sphaerodacnlus celicara Garrido and Schwartz, 1982. Garrido, O. H. and Schwartz, A. 1982. A new species of Sphaerodactylus (Reptilia: Sauria: Gekkonidae) from eastern Cuba. Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington 95(2):392-397. (p. 392). Holotype: IZ 5613. From Baracoa to Maisi, Guantanamo province. Sphaerodactylus docimus Schwartz and Garrido, 1985. Schwartz, A. and Garrido, O. H. 1985. The Cuban lizards of the genus Sphaerodactylus (Sauria, Gekkonidae). Milwaukee Public Mus. Contr. Biol. Geol. 62:1-67. (p. 22). Holotype: MCZ 8510. Jutisi, Santiago de Cuba province. Sphaerodactylus schwartzi Thomas, Hedges and Garrido, 1992. Thomas, R., Hedges, S. B. and Garrido, O. H. 1992. Two new species of Sphaerodactylus from eastern Cuba (Squamata: Gekkonidae). Herpetologica 48(3):358-367. (p. 359). Holotype: MNHNCU 3438. Southwestern Guantanamo province. Sphaerodactylus cricoderus Thomas, Hedges, and Garrido, 1992. Thomas, R., Hedges, S. B. and Garrido, O. H. 1992. Two new species of Sphaerodactylus from eastern Cuba (Squamata: Gekkonidae). Herpetologica 48(3):358-367. (p. 362). Holotype: MNHNCU 238. Uvero, Santiago de Cuba province. Sphaerodactylus pimienta Thomas, Hedges, and Garrido, 1998. Thomas, R., Hedges, S. B., and Garrido, O. H. 1998. A new gecko (Sphaerodactylus) from the Sierra Maestra of Cuba. J. Herpetol. 32(1):66-69. (p. 66). Holotype: MNHNCU 4417. Northern slope of Sierra Maestra. Tarentola americana americana Gray, 1831. Gray, J. E. 1831. A synopsis of the species of the Class Reptilia. Appendix to E. Griffth Cuvier's Animal Kingdom. Whittaker, Treucher, and Co., Londres, 110 pp., 55 pls. (p. 48). Holotype: AMNH 6700. Cuba. Family Iguanidae Cyclura nubila nubila (Gray), 1831. Gray, J. E. 1831. A synopsis of the species of the class Reptilia. Appendix to E. Griffith Cuvier's Animal Kingdom. Whittaker, Treacher, and Co., Londres, 110 pp., 55 pls. (p. 39). Holotype: BMNH 1946.8.29.88. Cuba. Family Polychrotidae Anolis equestris equestris Merrem, 1820. Merrem, B. 1820. Tentamen Systematis Amphibiorum. Marburg, xv + 191 pp. (p. 45). Holotype: Unlocated. From San Diego de los Banos, Pinar del Rio province, to Sagua la Grande, Villa Clara province. Anolis equestris thomasi Schwartz, 1958. Schwartz, A. 1958. A new subspecies of Anolis equestris from Eastern Cuba. Herpetologica 14(1):1-7. (p. 3). Holotype: AMNH 78148. From Camagiiey province to Banes, Holguin province, and Bayamo, Granma province. Anolis equestris buidei Schwartz and Garrido, 1972. Schwartz, A. and Garrido, O. H. 1972. The lizards of the Anolis equestris complex in Cuba. Studies Fauna Curacao other Carib. Isl. 39(134):1-86. (p. 34). Holotype: IZ 1294 = CZACC 4.3193. Peninsula de Hicacos. Anolis equestris persparsus Schwartz and Garrido, 1972. Schwartz, A. and Garrido, O. H. 1972. The lizards of the Anolis equestris complex in Cuba. Studies Fauna Curagao other Carib. Isl. 39(134):1-86. (p. 36). Holotype: AMNH 78116. Eastern Cienfuegos; Villa Clara and Sancti Spiritus provinces. Anolis equestris juraguensis Schwartz and Garrido, 1972. Schwartz, A. and Garrido, O. H. 1972. The lizards of the Anolis equestris complex in Cuba. Studies Fauna Curacao other Carib. Isl. 39(134):1-86. (p. 39). Holotype: IZ 1152 = CZACC 4.3210. Juragua, west to Cienfuegos Bay. Anolis equestris verreonensis Schwartz and Garrido, 1972. Schwartz, A. and Garrido, O. H. 1972. The lizards of the Anolis equestris complex in Cuba. Studies Fauna Curacao other Carib. Isl. 39(134):1-86. (p. 44). Holotype: IZ 488 = CZACC 4.3221. From Vere6n to Cabo Cruz, Granma province. Anolis equestris potior Schwartz and Thomas, 1975. Schwartz, A. and Thomas, R. 1975. A check- list of West Indian amphibians and reptiles. Carnegie Mus. Nat. Hist. Special Publ. 1:1-216. (p. 81). Holotype: IZ 3098 = CZACC 4.3417. Cayo Santa Maria, Archipiélago de Sabana- Camagiiey. Anolis equestris cincoleguas Garrido, 1981. Garrido, O. H. 1981. Nueva subespecie de Anolis equestris (Sauria: Iguanidae) para Cuba, con comentarios sobre la distribuci6on y afinidades de otras poblaciones del complejo. Poeyana 232:1-15. (p. 3). Holotype: IZ 5398. Cayos de las Cinco Leguas, Matanzas province. Anolis luteogularis luteogularis Noble and Hassler, 1935. Noble, G. K. and Hassler, W. G. 1935. A new giant Anolis from Cuba. Copeia 3:113-115. (p. 113). Holotype: AMNH 46502. From eastern Peninsula de Guanahacabibes to Giiines, south of La Habana province. Anolis luteogularis hassleri Barbour and Shreve, 1935. Barbour, T. and Shreve, B. 1935. Notes on Cuban anoles. Occ. Papers Boston Soc. Nat. Hist. 8:249-254. (p. 251). Holotype: MCZ 11178. Isla de la Juventud, northern region. Anolis luteogularis nivevultus Schwartz and Garrido, 1972. Schwartz, A. and Garrido, O. H. 1972. The lizards of the Anolis equestris complex in Cuba. Studies Fauna Curacao other Carib. Isl. 39(134):1-86. (p. 11). Holotype: IZ 339 = CZACC 4.3144. Peninsula de Guanahacabibes. Anolis luteogularis delacruzi Schwartz and Garrido, 1972. Schwartz, A. and Garrido, O. H. 1972. The lizards of the Anolis equestris complex in Cuba. Studies Fauna Curacao other Carib. Isl. 39(134):1-86. (p. 16). Holotype: IZ 1277 = CZACC 4.3155. Santa Isabel, Isla de la Juventud. Anolis luteogularis sectilis Schwartz and Garrido, 1972. Schwartz, A. and Garrido, O. H. 1972. The lizards of the Anolis equestris complex in Cuba. Studies Fauna Curacao other Carib. Isl. 39(134):1-86. (p. 19). Holotype: IZ 388 = CZACC 4.3157. Isla de la Juventud, southern region. Anolis luteogularis coctilis Schwartz and Garrido, 1972. Schwartz, A. and Garrido, O. H. 1972. The lizards of the Anolis equestris complex in Cuba. Studies Fauna Curacao other Carib. Isl. 39(134):1-86. (p. 22). Holotype: IZ 402 = CZACC 4.3163. Cayo Cantiles, Archipiélago de los Canarreos. Anolis luteogularis calceus Schwartz and Garrido, 1972. Schwartz, A. and Garrido, O. H. 1972. The lizards of the Anolis equestris complex in Cuba. Studies Fauna Curacao other Carib. Isl. 39(134):1-86. (p. 25). Holotype: IZ 1295 = CZACC 4.3117. Santo Tomas, Peninsula de Zapata. Anolis luteogularis jaumei Schwartz and Garrido, 1972. Schwartz, A. and Garrido, O. H. 1972. The lizards of the Anolis equestris complex in Cuba. Studies Fauna Curacao other Carib. Isl. 39(134):1-86. (p. 27). Holotype: IZ 369 = CZACC 4.3180. Playa Larga, Bahia de Cochinos. Anolis luteogularis sanfelipensis Garrido, 1975. Garrido, O. H. 1975. Nuevos reptiles del Archipiélago Cubano. Poeyana 141:1-58. (p. 23). Holotype: IZ 2972 = CZACC 4.3358. Cayo Real, Cayos de San Felipe, off the southern coast of Pinar del Rio province. Anolis noblei noblei Barbour and Shreve, 1935. Barbour, T. and Shreve, B. 1935. Notes on Cuban anoles. Occ. Papers Boston Soc. Nat. Hist. 8:249-254. (p. 250). Holotype: MCZ 26653. Sierra de Nipe and Cupeyal, Holguin province. Anolis noblei galeifer Schwartz, 1964. Schwartz, A. 1964. Anolis equestris in Oriente province, Cuba. Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool. 131(12):403-428. (p. 409). Holotype: MCZ 59326. Sierra Maestra; Sierra de la Gran Piedra. Anolis baracoae Schwartz, 1964. Schwartz, A. 1964. Anolis equestris in Oriente province, Cuba. Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool. 131(12):403-428. (p. 419). Holotype: MCZ 57404. From Cayo Giiin to Maisi, Guantanamo province. Anolis smallwoodi smallwoodi Schwartz, 1964. Schwartz, A. 1964. Anolis equestris in Oriente province, Cuba. Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool. 131(12):403-428. (p. 412). Holotype: AMNH 89526. From eastern Sierra Maestra to west of Guantanamo Bay. Anolis smallwoodi palardis Schwartz, 1964. Schwartz, A. 1964. Anolis equestris in Oriente province, Cuba. Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool. 131(12):403-428. (p. 416). Holotype: CM 33320. From eastern Guantanamo Bay to Monte Libano and Baitiquiri. Anolis smallwoodi saxuliceps Schwartz, 1964. Schwartz, A. 1964. Anolis equestris in Oriente province, Cuba. Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool. 131(12):403-428. (p. 422). Holotype: HZM 5376. From Moa, Holguin province, to Felicidad, Guantanamo province. Anolis pigmaequestris Garrido, 1975. Garrido, O. H. 1975. Nuevos reptiles del Archipiélago Cubano. Poeyana 141:1-58. (p. 4). Holotype: IZ 2884 = CZACC 4.3344. Francés and Santa Mana Kays, Archipiélago de Sabana-Camagiiey. Anolis porcatus porcatus Gray, 1840. Gray, J. E. 1840. Catalogue of the species of reptiles collected in Cuba by W. S. MacLeay, Esq; with some notes on their habits extracted from his MS. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. 1(5):108-115. (p. 112). Syntypes BMNH 1946.8.12.7, 1946.8.12.66-70. Cuba; Archipiélago de los Colorados; Archipiélago de los Canarreos; Archipiélago de Sabana- Camaguey, and Archipiélago de los Jardines de la Reina. Anolis porcatus aracelyae Pérez-Beato, 1996-1997. Pérez-Beato, O. 1996-1997. A new subspecies of Anolis porcatus (Sauria: Polychrotidae) from Western Cuba. Rev. Biol. Trop. 44(3)/45(1):295-299. (p. 296). Holotype: MNHNCU-1445. Pinar del Rio province, excepting Peninsula de Guanahacabibes. Anolis isolepis isolepis Cope, 1861. Cope, E. D. 1861. Notes and descriptions of Anoles. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia 13:208-215. (p. 214). Syntypes: USNM lost. Sierra de Trinidad; Sierra de Jatibonico; Sierra Maestra; Macizo de Sagua Baracoa. Anolis isolepis altitudinalis Garrido, 1985. Garrido, O. H. 1985. Nueva subespecie de Anolis tsolepis (Lacertilia: Iguanidae) para Cuba. Dofiana, Acta Vertebrata 12(1):41-49. (p. 42). Holotype: CZACC 4.7028. Pico Turquino. Anolis allisoni Barbour, 1928. Barbour, T. 1928. Reptiles from the Bay Islands. Proc. New England Zool. Club 10:55-61. (p. 58). Holotype: MCZ 26725. From Playa Caimito, south of La Habana province, to Banes, Holguin province, and Cabo Cruz, Granma province. Anolis angusticeps angusticeps Hallowell, 1856. Hallowell, E. 1856. Notes on the reptiles in the collection of the Museum of the Academy of Natural Sciences. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia 8:221-238. (p. 228). Holotype: ANSP 7789. Cuba; Archipiélago de los Colorados; Archipiélago de los Canarreos; Archipiélago de Sabana-Camagiiey; and Archipiélago de los Jardines de la Reina. Anolis paternus paternus Hardy, 1967. Hardy, J. D., Jr. 1967. Geographic variation in the West Indian lizard, Anolis angusticeps, with the description of a new form, Anolis angusticeps paternus from the Isle of Pines, Cuba (Reptilia: Iguanidae). Carib J. Sci. 6(1-2):23-31. (p. 25). Holotype: USNM 142156. Isla de la Juventud, northern region. Anolis paternus pinarensis Garrido, 1975. Garrido, O. H. 1975. Variacion de Anolis angusticeps Hallowell (Lacertilia: Iguanidae) en el occidente de Cuba y en Isla de Pinos. Poeyana 144:1-18. (p. 8). Holotype: IZ 4073 = CZACC 4.3431. Southwestern Pinar del Rio province. Anolis guazuma Garrido, 1983. Garrido, O. H. 1983. Nueva especie de Anolis (Lacertilia: Iguanidae) de la Sierra del Turquino, Cuba. Carib. J. Sci. 19(3-4):71-76. (p. 71). Holotype: CZACC 4.6128. Pico Turquino. Anolis alayoni Estrada and Hedges, 1995. Estrada, A. R. and Hedges, S. B. 1995. A new species of Anolis (Sauria: Iguanidae) from eastern Cuba. Carib. J. Sci. 31(1-2):65-72. (p. 65). Holotype: MNHNCU-2746. Mountains of Holguin and Guantanamo provinces. Anolis garridoi Diaz, Estrada, and Moreno, 1996. Diaz, L. M., Estrada, A. R., and Moreno, L. V. 1996. A new species of Anolis (Sauria: Iguanidae) from the Sierra de Trinidad, Sancti Spiritus, Cuba. Carib. J. Sci. 32(1):54-58. (p. 54). Holotype: MNHNCU-4285. Topes de Collantes. Anolis loysiana Duméril and Bibron, 1837. Duméril, A. M. C. and Bibron, G. 1837. Erpétologie Générale, ou Histoire Naturelle Compléte des Reptiles 4. Libraire Encyclopédique de Roret, Paris, 572 pp. (p. 100). Holotype: MNHN 2465. Cuba. Anolis argillaceus Cope, 1862. Cope, E. D. 1862. Contributions to neotropical saurology. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia 14:176-188. (p. 176). Holotype: USNM lost. From Nuevitas, Camagtiey province, to Maisi, Guantanamo province. 10 Anolis centralis centralis Peters, 1970. Peters, G. 1970. Zur Taxonomie und Zoogeographie der Kubanischen Anolinen Eidechsen (Reptilia, Iguanidae). Mitt. Zool. Mus. Berlin 46(1):197-234. (p. 215). Holotype: ZMB 41616. From Sierra de Cubitas, Camagiiey province, to Gibara, Holguin province, and Bayamo, Granma province. Anolis centralis litoralis Garrido, 1975. Garrido, O. H. 1975. Distribucién y variacién de Anolis argillaceus Cope (Lacertilia: Iguanidae) en Cuba. Poeyana 142:1-28. (p. 12). Holotype: IZ 3472 = CZACC 4.3390. From Santiago de Cuba to Baitiquiri, Guantanamo province. Anolis pumilus Garrido, 1988. Garrido, O. H. 1988. Nueva especie para la ciencia de Anolis (Lacertilia: Iguanidae) de Cuba perteneciente al complejo argillaceus. Donana, Acta Vertebrata 15(1):45-57. (p. 46). Holotype: IZ 4470. From Peninsula de Guanahacabibes to Jatibonico, Sancti Spiritus province; Isla de la Juventud; Archipiélago de Sabana. Anolis lucius Duméril and Bibron, 1837. Duméril, A. M. C. and Bibron, G. 1837. Erpétologie Générale, ou Histoire Naturelle Compléte des Reptiles, 4. Libraire Encyclopédique de Roret, Paris, 572 pp. (p. 105). Holotype: MNHN 2466. From Boca de Jaruco, La Habana province, to Baire, Granma province. Anolis argenteolus Cope, 1861. Cope, E. D. 1861. Notes and descriptions of anoles. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia 13:208-215. (p. 213). Holotype: USNM lost. From Sierra de Najasa, Camagiiey province, to Maisi, Guantanamo province. Anolis vermiculatus Duméril and Bibron, 1837. Duméril, A. M. C. and Bibron, G. 1837. Erpétologie Générale, ou Histoire Naturelle Complete des Reptiles, 4. Libraire Encyclopédique de Roret, Paris, 572 pp. (p. 128). Syntypes MNHN 2407, 2349. Sierra de los Organos and Sierra del Rosario. Anolis bartschi (Cochran), 1928. Cochran, D. 1928. A second species of Deiroptyx from Cuba. Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington 41:169-170. (p. 169). Holotype: USNM 7580S. Sierra de los Organos. Anolis alutaceus Cope, 1861. Cope, E. D. 1861. Notes and descriptions of anoles. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia 13:208-215. (p. 212). Syntypes MCZ 10932, 7?USNM 27485-87. Cuba; Isla de la Juventud. Anolis clivicola Barbour and Shreve, 1935. Barbour, T. and Shreve, B. 1935. Notes on Cuban anoles. Occ. Papers Boston Soc. Nat. Hist. 8:249-254. (p. 251). Holotype: MCZ 39664. Pico Turquino and Pico Bayamesa. Anolis anfiloquioi Garrido, 1980. Garrido, O. H. 1980. Revisién del complejo Anolis alutaceus (Lacertilia: Iguanidae) y descripci6n de una nueva especie de Cuba. Poeyana 201:1-41. (p. 17). Holotype: IZ 4183. Levisa, Holguin province; Baracoa; Guantanamo. 11 Anolis inexpectata Garrido and Estrada, 1989. Garrido, O. H. and Estrada, A. R. 1989. Nueva especie del complejo Anolis alutaceus (Lacertilia: Iguanidae) para Cuba. Rev. Biol. 3(1):57-66. (p. 59). Holotype: MNHNCU-291. From Moa, Holguin province, to Yateras, Guantanamo province. Anolis macilentus Garrido and Hedges, 1992. Garrido, O. H. and Hedges, S. B. 1992. Three new grass anoles from Cuba (Squamata: Iguanidae). Carib. J. Sci. 28:1-2. (p. 22). Holotype: MNHNCU-2721. Meseta del Guaso, Guantanamo province. Anolis vescus Garrido and Hedges, 1992. Garrido, O. H. and Hedges, S. B. 1992. Three new grass anoles from Cuba (Squamata: Iguanidae). Carib. J. Sci. 28:1-2. (p. 25). Holotype: MNHNCU- 2729. Palmarito, mountains to the north of Imias. Anolis alfaroi Garrido and Hedges, 1992. Garrido, O. H. and Hedges, S. B. 1992. Three new grass anoles from Cuba (Squamata: Iguanidae). Carib. J. Sci. 28:1-2. (p. 27). Holotype: MNHNCU- 2725. La Municion, Yateras, Guantanamo province. Anolis cyanopleurus cyanopleurus Cope, 1861. Cope, E. D. 1861. Notes and descriptions of anoles. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia 13:208-215. (p. 211). Syntypes USNM 62068-70. From Yateras to Baracoa, Guantanamo province. Anolys cyanopleurus orientalis Garrido, 1975. Garrido, O. H. 1975. Distribucion y variacién del complejo Anolis cyanopleurus (Lacertilia: Iguanidae) en Cuba. Poeyana 143:1-60. (p. 16). Holotype: IZ 1564 = CZACC 4.3397. Maisi, Guantanamo province. Anolis cupeyalensis Peters, 1970. Peters, G. 1970. Zur Taxonomie und Zoogeographie der Kubanischen Anolinen Eidechsen (Reptilia, Iguanidae). Mitt. Zool. Mus. Berlin 46(1):197-234. (p. 225). Holotype: ZMB 41059. San Felipe, northeastern Jatibonico, Ciego de Avila province; Sierra de Nipe, Holguin province; Yateras, Guantanamo province. Anolis spectrum Peters, 1863. Peters, W. 1863. Uber einige neue Arten des Saurier-Gattung Anolis. Monatsb. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 1863:135-149. (p. 136). Syntypes: ZMB 421 a-b. Pica Pica, Pinar del Rio province; Fontanar, Ciudad de La Habana; North of Matanzas; Sierra de Trinidad; Jobo Rosado, Yaguajay, Sancti Spiritus province. Anolis vanidicus vanidicus Garrido and Schwartz, 1972. Garrido, O. H. and Schwartz, A. 1972. The Cuban Anolis spectrum complex (Sauria: Iguanidae). Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington 85(45):509- 522. (p. 515). Holotype: AMNH 78400. Macizo de Guamuhaya. Anolis vanidicus rejectus Garrido and Schwartz, 1972. Garrido, O. H. and Schwartz, A. 1972. The Cuban Anolis spectrum complex (Sauria: Iguanidae). Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington 85(45):509- 522. (p. 517). Holotype: ChM 55.1.63. Vicinity of Santiago de Cuba city. Anolis fugitivus Garrido, 1975. Garrido, O. H. 1975. Distribucion y variacién del complejo Anolis cyanopleurus (Lacertilia: Iguanidae) en Cuba. Poeyana 143:1-60. (p. 28). Holotype: IZ 3854 = CZACC 4.3417. Nuevo Mundo, Moa, Holguin province. 12 Anolis juangundlachi Garrido, 1975. Garrido, O. H. 1975. Distribucion y variacién del complejo Anolis cyanopleurus (Lacertilia: Iguanidae) en Cuba. Poeyana 143:1-60. (p. 34)"Holotype: IZ 3755. Carlos Rojas, Matanzas province. Anolis mimus Schwartz and Thomas, 1975. Schwartz, A. and Thomas, R. 1975. A check-list of West Indian amphibians and reptiles. Carnegie Mus. Nat. Hist. Special Publ. 1:1-216. (p. 93). Holotype: IZ 3917 = CZACC 4.3411. Sierra de la Gran Piedra; Sierra de Santa Maria del Loreto. Anolis sagrei sagrei Duméril and Bibron, 1837. Duméril, A. M. C. and Bibron, G. 1837. Erpétologie Générale, ou Histoire Naturelle Compléte des Reptiles, 4. Libraire Encyclopédique de Roret, Paris, 572 pp. (p. 149). Syntypes MNHN 2430, 6797, 7MCZ 2171. Cuba; Archipiélago de los Colorados; Archipiélago de los Canarreos; Archipiélago de Sabana- Camagiiey; Archipiélago de los Jardines de la Reina. Anolis sagrei greyi Barbour, 1914. Barbour, T. 1914. A contribution to the zoogeography of the West Indies, with special reference to amphibians and reptiles. Mem. Mus. Comp. Zool. 44(2):209-359. (p. 287). Holotype: MCZ 7890. Vicinity of Camagiiey city. Anolis bremeri bremeri Barbour, 1914. Barbour, T. 1914. A contribution to the zoogeography of the West Indies, with special reference to amphibians and reptiles. Mem. Mus. Comp. Zool. 44(2):209-359. (p. 288). Holotype: MCZ 7889. From La Fe to Taco Taco, Pinar del Rio province. Anolis bremeri insulaepinorum Garnido, 1972. Garrido, O. H. 1972. Anolis bremeri Barbour (Lacertilia: Iguanidae) en el occidente de Cuba e Isla de Pinos. Carib. J. Sci. 12(1-2):59-77. (p. 63). Holotype: IZ 1626 = CZACC 4.3137. Isla de la Juventud, northern region. Anolis homolechis homolechis (Cope), 1864. Cope, E. D. 1864. Contributions on the herpetology of tropical America. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia 16:166-181. (p. 169). Holotype: BMNH 1946.8.5.78. Cuba; Isla de la Juventud; Cayo Real; Cayo Cantiles. Anolis homolechis turquinensis Garrido, 1973. Garrido, O. H. 1973. Distribuci6n y variacién de Anolis homolechis Cope (Lacertilia: Iguanidae) en Cuba. Poeyana 120:1-68. (p. 9). Holotype: IZ 2900 = CZACC 4.3271. Pico Turquino. Anolis quadriocellifer Barbour and Ramsden, 1919. Barbour, T. and Ramsden, C. 1919. The herpetology of Cuba. Mem. Mus. Comp. Zool. 47(2):71-213. (p. 158). Holotype: MCZ 11867. Peninsula de Guanahacabibes. Anolis jubar jubar Schwartz, 1968. Schwartz, A. 1968. The Cuban lizards of the Anolis homolechis complex. Tulane Studies Zool. 14(4):140-184. (p. 157). Holotype: AMNH 96529. Northwesrtern Camagiiey province. Anolis jubar cuneus Schwartz, 1968. Schwartz, A. 1968. The Cuban lizards of the Anolis homolechis complex. Tulane Studies Zool. 14(4):140-184. (p. 158). Holotype: AMNH 96536. Playa Santa Lucia and Cayo Sabinal, Camagiiey province. 13 Anolis jubar balaenarum Schwartz, 1968. Schwartz, A. 1968. The Cuban lizards of the Anolis homolechis complex. Tulane Studies Zool. 14(4):140-184. (p. 161). Holotype: AMNH 95975. Cayos Los Ballenatos, Bahia de Nuevitas, Camagiiey province. Anolis jubar oriens Schwartz, 1968. Schwartz, A. 1968. The Cuban lizards of the Anolis homolechis complex. Tulane Studies Zool. 14(4):140-184. (p. 162). Holotype: AMNH 95976. From Belic, Granma province, to west of Playa Juragua, Santiago de Cuba province. Anolis jubar yaguajayensis Garrido, 1973. Garrido, O. H. 1973. Distribucién y variacion de Anolis homolechis Cope (Lacertilia: Iguanidae) en Cuba. Poeyana 120:1-68. (p. 15). Holotype: IZ 2372 = CZACC 4.3288. From eastern Caibarién, Villa Clara province, to Punta Caguanes, Ciego de Avila province. Anolis jubar gibarensis Garrido, 1973. Garrido, O. H. 1973. Distribucioén y variacion de Anolis homolechis Cope (Lacertilia: Iguanidae) en Cuba. Poeyana 120:1-68. (p. 23). Holotype: IZ 2387 = CZACC 4.3293. From Gibara to Nicaro, Holguin province. Anolis jubar maisiensis Garrido, 1973. Garrido, O. H. 1973. Distribucién y variacion de Anolis homolechis Cope (Lacertilia: Iguanidae) en Cuba. Poeyana 120:1-68. (p. 28). Holotype: IZ 1524 = CZACC 4.3297. Maisi, Guantanamo province. Anolis jubar albertschwartzi Garrido, 1973. Garrido, O. H. 1973. Distribucién y variacién de Anolis homolechis Cope (Lacertilia: Iguanidae) en Cuba. Poeyana 120:1-68. (p. 33). Holotype: IZ 2621 = CZACC 4.3312. From Guantanamo Bay to Loma de Macambo. . Anolis jubar santamariae Garrido, 1973. Garrido, O. H. 1973. Distribucién y variacién de Anolis homolechis Cope (Lacertilia: Iguanidae) en Cuba. Poeyana 120:1-68. (p. 43). Holotype: IZ 2643 = CZACC 4.3325. Cayo Santa Maria, Archipiélago de Sabana-Camagiiey. Anolis jubar cocoensis Estrada and Garrido, 1990. Estrada, A. R. and Garrido, O. H. 1990. Nueva subespecie de Anolis jubar (Lacertilia: Iguanidae) para Cayo Coco y la Loma de Cunagua, Ciego de Avila, Cuba. Rev. Biol. 4(1):71-79. (p. 73). Holotype: MNHNCU-381. Cayo Coco; Loma de Cunagua, Camagiiey province. Anolis guafe Estrada and Garrido, 1991. Estrada, A. R. and Garrido, O. H. 1991. Dos nuevas especies de Anolis (Lacertilia: Iguanidae) de la region oriental de Cuba. Carib. J. Sci. 27(3- 4):146-161. (p. 148). Holotype: CARE 60516 = CZACC 4.60516. Coastal terraces of Cabo Cruz, Granma province. Anolis confusus Estrada and Garrido, 1991. Estrada, A. R. and Garrido, O. H. 1991. Dos nuevas especies de Anolis (Lacertilia: Iguanidae) de la regidn oriental de Cuba. Carib. J. Sci. 27(3- 4):146-161. (p. 156). Holotype: CARE 60503 = CZACC 4.60503. Cabo Cruz, Granma province. 14 Anolis mestrei Barbour, 1916. Barbour, T. 1916. A new Anolis from Cuba. Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington 29:19-20. (p. 19). Holotype: MCZ 11285. From Isabel Rubio, Pinar@el Rio province, to Sierra de Anafe, La Habana province. Anolis rubribarbus Barbour and Ramsden, 1919. Barbour, T. and Ramsden, C. 1919. The herpetology of Cuba. Mem. Mus. Comp. Zool. 47(2):71-213. (p. 156). Holotype: MCZ 11941. From Sagua de Tanamo to Moa, Holguin province. Anolis allogus Barbour and Ramsden, 1919. Barbour, T. and Ramsden, C. 1919. The herpetology of Cuba. Mem. Mus. Comp. Zool. 47(2):71-213. (p. 159). Holotype: MCZ 8544. Cuba. Anolis ahli Barbour, 1925. Barbour, T. 1925. A new Cuban Anolis. Occ. Papers Boston Soc. Nat. Hist. 5:167-168. (p. 168). Holotype: MCZ 19905. Sierra de Trinidad. Anolis imias Ruibal and Williams, 1961. Ruibal, R. and Williams, E. E. 1961. The taxonomy of the Anolis homolechis complex of Cuba. Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool. 125(8):211-246. (p. 237). Holotype: MCZ 42556. South of Guantanamo province. Anolis delafuentei Garrido, 1982. Garrido, O. H. 1982. Nueva especie de Anolis (Lacertilia, Iguanidae) para Cuba. Dofiana, Acta Vertebrata 9:131-137. (p. 132). Holotype: IZ 5907 = CZACC 4.7173. Topes de Collantes. Anolis birama Garrido, 1990. Garrido, O. H. 1990. Nueva especie de Anolis de la seccién Beta (Lacertilia: Iguanidae) para Cuba. Rev. Biol. 4(2):157-162. (p. 158). Holotype: MCTH-4. Birama, Granma province. Anolis ophiolepis Cope, 1861. Cope, E. D. 1861. Notes and descriptions of anoles. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia 13:208-215. (p. 211). Holotype: Unlocated. Cuba; Isla de la Juventud. Chamaeleolis chamaeleonides Duméril and Bibron, 1837. Dumémil, A. M. C. and Bibron, G. 1837. Erpétologie Générale, ou Histoire Naturelle Compléte des Reptiles. Libraire Enciclopédique de Roret, Paris, 4, 572 pp. (p. 168). Holotype: MNHN 1004. From Peninsula de Guanahacabibes to Sierra de Cubitas, Camagiiey province, and to Sierra Maestra; Isla de la Juventud. Chamaeleolis porcus Cope, 1864. Cope, E. D. 1864. Contributions on the herpetology of tropical America. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia 16:166-181. (p. 168). Holotype: ANSP 8133. Eastern Cuba (from Holguin to Baracoa). Chamaeleolis barbatus Garrido, 1982. Garrido, O. H. 1982. Descripcién de una nueva especie cubana de Chamaeleolis (Lacertilia: Iguanidae), con notas sobre su comportamiento. Poeyana 236:1-25. (p. 3). Holotype: IZ 5368. Sierra del Rosario. Chamaeleolis guamuhaya Garrido, Pérez-Beato, and Moreno, 1991. Garrido, O. H., Pérez-Beato, O., and Moreno, L. V. 1991. Nueva especie de Chamaeleolis (Lacertilia: Iguanidae) para Cuba. Carib. J. Sci. 27(3-4):162-168. (p. 163). Holotype: MNHNCU-500. Macizo de Guamuhaya. JIS) Family Teiidae Ameiva auberi auberi Cocteau, 1838 or 1839. Cocteau, J. T. 1838 or 1839. Reptiles. In Historia Fisica, Politica y Natural de la Isla de Cuba (R. de la Sagra, ed.), Espafia, (p. 51). Syntypes: MNHN 1112, 2647, 1788, 4178. From La Fé, Pinar del Rio province, to Canasi, La Habana province, on N and Melena del Sur, La Habana province, on S. Ameiva auberi cacuminis Schwartz, 1970. Schwartz, A. 1970. A systematic review of Ameiva auberi Cocteau (Reptilia, Teiidae) in Cuba and in the Bahamas. I. The Cuban subspecies. Ann. Carnegie Mus. 4(4):45-117. (p. 56). Holotype: AMNH 83028. Peninsula de Guanahacabibes. Ameiva auberi denticola Schwartz, 1970. Schwartz, A. 1970. A systematic review of Ameiva auberi Cocteau (Reptilia, Teiidae) in Cuba and in the Bahamas. I. The Cuban subspecies. Ann. Carnegie Mus. 4(4):45-117. (p. 57). Holotype: AMNH 79202. From Carabelita to Manuel Lazo, Pinar del Rio province. Ameiva auberi procer Schwartz, 1970. Schwartz, A. 1970. A systematic review of Ameiva auberi Cocteau (Reptilia, Teiidae) in Cuba and in the Bahamas. I. The Cuban subspecies. Ann. Carnegie Mus. 4(4):45-117. (p. 60). Holotype: AMNH 78390. Sierra de los Organos; from Sierra del Rosario to Cabanas. Ameiva auberi paulsoni Schwartz, 1970. Schwartz, A. 1970. A systematic review of Ameiva auberi Cocteau (Reptilia, Teiidae) in Cuba and in the Bahamas. I. The Cuban subspecies. Ann. Carnegie Mus. 4(4):45-117. (p. 63). Holotype: AMNH 83012. La Coloma, Pinar del Rio province. Ameiva auberi pullata Schwartz, 1970. Schwartz, A. 1970. A systematic review of Ameiva auberi Cocteau (Reptilia, Teiidae) in Cuba and in the Bahamas. I. The Cuban subspecies. Ann. Carnegie Mus. 4(4):45-117. (p. 67). Holotype: AMNH 82953. Matanzas; Cardenas; Peninsula de Hicacos; San Miguel de los Bafios; all of them in Matanzas province. Ameiva auberi abducta Schwartz, 1970. Schwartz, A. 1970. A systematic review of Ameiva auberi Cocteau (Reptilia, Teiidae) in Cuba and in the Bahamas. I. The Cuban subspecies. Ann. Carnegie Mus. 4(4):45-117. (p. 70). Holotype: AMNH 96331. Peninsula de Hicacos. Ameiva auberi gemmea Schwartz, 1970. Schwartz, A. 1970. A systematic review of Ameiva auberi Cocteau (Reptilia, Teiidae) in Cuba and in the Bahamas. I. The Cuban subspecies. Ann. Carnegie Mus. 4(4):45-117. (p. 71). Holotype: AMNH 82972. From Playa Ganuza to Bafios de Elguea, Villa Clara province. Ameiva auberi extraria Schwartz, 1970. Schwartz, A. 1970. A systematic review of Ameiva auberi Cocteau (Reptilia, Teiidae) in Cuba and in the Bahamas. I. The Cuban subspecies. Ann. Carnegie Mus. 4(4):45-117. (p. 73). Holotype: AMNH 82982. Archipiélago de Sabana. 16 Ameiva auberi extorris Schwartz, 1970. Schwartz, A. 1970. A systematic review of Ameiva auberi Cocteau (Reptilia, Teiidae) in Cuba and in the Bahamas. I. The Cuban subspecieS. Ann. Carnegie Mus. 4(4):45-117. (p. 76). Holotype: IZ 52 = CZACC 4.3125. Cayuelo de la Vela (Archipiélago de Sabana). Ameiva auberi garridoi Schwartz, 1970. Schwartz, A. 1970. A systematic review of Ameiva auberi Cocteau (Reptilia, Teiidae) in Cuba and in the Bahamas. I. The Cuban subspecies. Ann. Carnegie Mus. 4(4):45-117. (p. 77). Holotype: IZ 96 = CZACC 4.3129. From Isabela de Sagua to Sagua la Grande, Villa Clara province. Ameiva auberi atrothorax Schwartz, 1970. Schwartz, A. 1970. A systematic review of Ameiva auberi Cocteau (Reptilia, Teiidae) in Cuba and in the Bahamas. I. The Cuban subspecies. Ann. Carnegie Mus. 4(4):45-117. (p. 79). Holotype: AMNH 78035. From eastern Cienfuegos to Casilda; Los Caneyes (Santa Clara). Ameiva auberi peradusta Schwartz, 1970. Schwartz, A. 1970. A systematic review of Ameiva auberi Cocteau (Reptilia, Teiidae) in Cuba and in the Bahamas. I. The Cuban subspecies. Ann. Carnegie Mus. 4(4):45-117. (p. 83). Holotype: IZ 85 = CZACC 4.3133. From Playa Girén to Juragua; Calimete, Matanzas province. Ameiva auberi llanensis Schwartz, 1970. Schwartz, A. 1970. A systematic review of Ameiva auberi Cocteau (Reptilia, Teiidae) in Cuba and in the Bahamas. I. The Cuban subspecies. Ann. Carnegie Mus. 4(4):45-117. (p. 84). Holotype: MCZ 59321. From east of Sierra de Cubitas to Camagiiey city. . Ameiva auberi sublesta Schwartz, 1970. Schwartz, A. 1970. A systematic review of Ameiva auberi Cocteau (Reptilia, Teiidae) in Cuba and in the Bahamas. I. The Cuban subspecies. Ann. Carnegie Mus. 4(4):45-117. (p. 87). Holotype: AMNH 96393. Cayo Sabinal. Ameiva auberi citra Schwartz, 1970. Schwartz, A. 1970. A systematic review of Ameiva auberi Cocteau (Reptilia, Teiidae) in Cuba and in the Bahamas. I. The Cuban subspecies. Ann. Carnegie Mus. 4(4):45-117. (p. 89). Holotype: AMNH 96375. Playa Santa Lucia, Camagiiey province. Ameiva auberi granti Schwartz, 1970. Schwartz, A. 1970. A systematic review of Ameiva auberi Cocteau (Reptilia, Teiidae) in Cuba and in the Bahamas. I. The Cuban subspecies. Ann. Carnegie Mus. 4(4):45-117. (p. 91). Holotype: AMNH 83784. From Gibara, and Holguin, Holguin province, to Baracoa, Guantanamo province. Ameiva auberi sabulicolor Schwartz, 1970. Schwartz, A. 1970. A systematic review of Ameiva auberi Cocteau (Reptilia, Teiidae) in Cuba and in the Bahamas. I. The Cuban subspecies. Ann. Carnegie Mus. 4(4):45-117. (p. 94). Holotype: AMNH 83941. From Guantanamo city to Maisi, Guantanamo province. Ameiva auberi ustulata Schwartz, 1970. Schwartz, A. 1970. A systematic review of Ameiva auberi Cocteau (Reptilia, Teiidae) in Cuba and in the Bahamas. I. The Cuban subspecies. Ann. Carnegie Mus. 4(4):45-117. (p. 97). Holotype: AMNH 83778. From Santiago de Cuba Bay to 17 Guantanamo Bay; San Luis; El Cobre; and Palma Soriano, all of them in Santiago de Cuba province. Ameiva auberi hardyi Schwartz, 1970. Schwartz, A. 1970. A systematic review of Ameiva auberi Cocteau (Reptilia, Teiidae) in Cuba and in the Bahamas. I. The Cuban subspecies. Ann. Carnegie Mus. 4(4):45-117. (p. 100). Holotype: USNM 138468. From Cabo Cruz, Granma province, to Jutisf and Siboney, Santiago de Cuba province. Ameiva auberi secta Schwartz, 1970. Schwartz, A. 1970. A systematic review of Ameiva auberi Cocteau (Reptilia, Teiidae) in Cuba and in the Bahamas. I. The Cuban subspecies. Ann. Carnegie Mus. 4(4):45-117. (p. 102). Holotype: AMNH 82997. Isla de la Juventud, northern region. Ameiva auberi marcida Schwartz, 1970. Schwartz, A. 1970. A systematic review of Ameiva auberi Cocteau (Reptilia, Teiidae) in Cuba and in the Bahamas. I. The Cuban subspecies. Ann. Carnegie Mus. 4(4):45-117. (p. 195). Holotype: AMNH 82991. Isla de la Juventud, southern region. Ameiva auberi zugi Schwartz, 1970. Schwartz, A. 1970. A systematic review of Ameiva auberi Cocteau (Reptilia, Teiidae) in Cuba and in the Bahamas. I. The Cuban subspecies. Ann. Carnegie Mus. 4(4):45-117. (p. 107). Holotype: AMNH 83003. Archipiélago de los Canarreos; Bahia de Cochinos. Ameiva auberi galbiceps Schwartz, 1970. Schwartz, A. 1970. A systematic review of Ameiva auberi Cocteau (Reptilia, Teiidae) in Cuba and in the Bahamas. I. The Cuban subspecies. Ann. Carnegie Mus. 4(4):45-117. (p. 111). Holotype: AMNH 78058. Archipiélago de los Jardines de la Reina. Ameiva auberi orlandoi Schwartz and McCoy, 1975. Schwartz, A. and McCoy, C. J. 1975. A new name for a Cuban Ameiva (Reptilia: Teiidae). Herpetologica 31(2):240. (p. 240). Garrido, O. H. 1975. Nuevos reptiles del Archipiélago Cubano. Poeyana 141:1-58. (p. 37). Holotype: IZ 3427 = CZACC 4.3378. Archipiélago de Sabana-Camagiiey. Ameiva auberi sanfelipensis Garrido, 1975. Garrido, O. H. 1975. Nuevos reptiles del Archipiélago Cubano. Poeyana 141:1-58. (p. 45). Holotype: IZ 2987 = CZACC 4.3383. Cayo Real and Cayo Juan Garcia, off the southern coast of Pinar del Rio province. Ameiva auberi nigriventris Gali and Garrido, 1987. Gali, F. and Garrido, O. H. 1987. Two new subspecies of Ameiva auberi (Reptilia: Teiidae) from Cuba. Carib. J. Sci. 22(3-4):165-173. (p. 169). Holotype: IZ 5778. From southeastern La Fe to northwestern Cayo Piedras, Isla de la Juventud. Ameiva auberi schwartzi Gali and Garrido, 1987. Gali, F. and Garrido, O. H. 1987. (p. 166). Holotype: IZ 4389. From Mariel to Guajaib6n River, La Habana province. 18 Family Tropiduridae om Leiocephalus carinatus carinatus Gray, 1827. Gray, J. E. 1827. A description of a new genus and some new species of saurian reptiles, with a revision of the species of chamaeleons. Phil. Mag. Ann. 2(2):207-209. (p. 208). Holotype: BMNH 1946.8.29,75. From northern coast of Pinar del Rio province to Peninsula de Hicacos. Leiocephalus carinatus aquarius Schwartz and Ogren, 1956. Schwartz, A. and Ogren, L. 1956. A collection of reptiles and amphibians from Cuba, with the description of two new forms. Herpetologica 12(2):91-110. (p. 100). Holotype: ChM 55.1.62. From Cabo Cruz, Granma province, to Maisi, Guantanamo province. Leiocephalus carinatus zayasi Schwartz, 1959. Schwartz, A. 1959. The Cuban lizards of the species Leiocephalus carinatus (Gray). Reading Public Mus. Art Gallery 10:1-47. (p. 9). Holotype: AMNH 77756. Peninsula de Guanahacabibes. Leiocephalus carinatus mogotensis Schwartz, 1959. Schwartz, A. 1959. The Cuban lizards of the species Leiocephalus carinatus (Gray). Reading Public Mus. Art Gallery 10:1-47. (p. 12). Holotype: AMNH 77755. Sierra de Vinales. Leiocephalus carinatus labrossytus Schwartz, 1959. Schwartz, A. 1959. The Cuban lizards of the species Leiocephalus carinatus (Gray). Reading Public Mus. Art Gallery 10:1-47. (p. 33). Holotype: AMNH 77757. From Bahia de Cochinos to Casilda; Sierra de Trinidad; Cayo Conuco, Villa Clara province. Leiocephalus carinatus cayensis Schwartz, 1959. Schwartz, A. 1959. The Cuban lizards of the species Leiocephalus carinatus (Gray). Reading Public Mus. Art Gallery 10:1-47. (p. 36). Holotype: AMNH 77758. Archipiélago de los Jardines de la Reina. Leiocephalus carinatus microcyon Schwartz, 1959. Schwartz, A. 1959. The Cuban lizards of the species Leiocephalus carinatus (Gray). Reading Public Mus. Art Gallery 10:1-47. (p. 43). Holotype: AMNH 81271. Isla de la Juventud. Leiocephalus cubensis cubensis Gray, 1840. Gray, J. E. 1840. Catalogue of the species of reptiles collected in Cuba by W. S. Mac Leay, Esq.; with some notes on their habits extracted from his MS. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. 1(5):108-115. (p. 110). Holotype: BMNH XXII, 98a. From Artemisa, La Habana province, to Moa, Holguin province; Peninsula de Zapata. Leiocephalus cubensis paraphrus Schwartz, 1959. Schwartz, A. 1959. Variation in lizards of the Leiocephalus cubensis complex in Cuba and the Isla de Pinos. Bull. Florida State Mus. 4(4):97- 143. (p. 111). Holotype: AMNH 78005. Archipiélago de los Jardines de la Reina. Leiocephalus cubensis gigas Schwartz, 1959. Schwartz, A. 1959. Variation in lizards of the Leiocephalus cubensis complex in Cuba and the Isla de Pinos. Bull. Florida State Mus. 4(4):97- 143. (p. 113). Holotype: AMNH 81056. Isla de la Juventud, southern region. 19 Leiocephalus cubensis pambasileus Schwartz, 1959. Schwartz, A. 1959. Variation in lizards of the Leiocephalus cubensis complex in Cuba and the Isla de Pinos. Bull. Florida State Mus. 4(4):97- 143. (p. 118). Holotype: AMNH 81068. Campo and Hicacos Kays (Archipiélago de los Canarreos). Leiocephalus cubensis minor Garrido, 1970. En Varona, L. S., and Garrido, O. H. 1970. Vertebrados de los Cayos de San Felipe, Cuba, incluyendo una nueva especie de jutia. Poeyana 75:1-26. (p. 18). Holotype: IZ 2754 = CZACC 4.3120. Cayo Juan Garcia, Archipiélago de los Canarreos. Leiocephalus macropus macropus Cope, 1862. Cope, E. D. 1862. Contributions to neotropical saurology. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia 14:176-188. (p. 184). Syntypes MCZ 10930, USNM 12254, 25819-23, 25825-26. From western Santiago de Cuba Bay to Cajobabo, Guantanamo province. Leiocephalus macropus inmaculatus Hardy, 1958. Hardy, J. D., Jr. 1958. A new lizard of the genus Leiocephalus from Cuba (Sauria: Iguanidae). J. Washington Acad. Sci. 48(9):294-300. (p. 294). Holotype: USNM 138412. From Magdalena River, Granma province, to western Santiago de Cuba Bay. Leiocephalus macropus hoplites Zug, 1959. Zug, G. R. 1959. Three new subspecies of the lizard Leiocephalus macropus Cope from Cuba. Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington 72:139-150. (p. 140). Holotype: AMNH 78020. Loma de Cunagua, Camagiiey province. Leiocephalus macropus hyacinthurus Zug, 1959. Zug, G. R. 1959. Three new subspecies of the lizard Leiocephalus macropus Cope from Cuba. Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington 72:139-150. (p. 145). Holotype: AMNH 78015. Sierra de Trinidad. Leiiocephalus macropus koopmani Zug, 1959. Zug, G. R. 1959. Three new subspecies of the lizard Leiocephalus macropus Cope from Cuba. Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington 72:139-150. (p. 146). Holotype: MCZ 55541. Peninsula de Guanahacabibes. Leiocephalus macropus aegialus Schwartz and Garrido, 1967. Schwartz, A. and Garrido, O. H. 1967. A review of the Cuban iguanid lizard Leiocephalus macropus Cope. Reading Public Mus. Art Gallery 14:3-41. (p. 15). Holotype: AMNH 83255. Playa Santa Lucia, Camagiiey province. Leiocephalus macropus phylax Schwartz and Garrido, 1967. Schwartz, A. and Garrido, O. H. 1967. A review of the Cuban iguanid lizard Leiocephalus macropus Cope. Reading Public Mus. Art Gallery 14:3-41. (p. 17). Holotype: IZ 556 = CZACC 4.3064. From northern Cabo Cruz, Granma province, to Punta Hicacos, Granma province. Leiocephalus macropus asbolomus Schwartz and Garrido, 1967. Schwartz, A. and Garrido, O. H. 1967. A review of the Cuban iguanid lizard Leiocephalus macropus Cope. Reading Public Mus. Art Gallery 14:3-41. (p. 30). Holotype: IZ 568 = CZACC 4.3095. From Banes, Holguin province, to Maisi, Guantanamo province. 20 Leiocephalus macropus lenticulatus Garrido, 1973. Garrido, O. H. 1973. Nuevas subespecies de reptiles para Cuba. Torreia 30:1-31. (p. 10). Holotype: IZ 2782 = CZACC 4.324%. Western Gibara, Holguin province. Leiocephalus macropus felinoi Garrido, 1979. Garrido, O. H. 1979. Nuevas subespecies de Leiocephalus macropus Cope (Lacertilia: Iguanidae) para Cuba. Poeyana 188:1-16. (p. 2). Holotype: IZ 4751 = CZACC 4.3453. Bacunayagua, Matanzas province. Leiocephalus macropus torrei Garrido, 1979. Garrido, O. H. 1979. Nuevas subespecies de Leiocephalus macropus Cope (Lacertilia: Iguanidae) para Cuba. Poeyana 188:1-16. (p. 7). Holotype: IZ 3725 = CZACC 4.3442. San Miguel de los Banos, Matanzas province. Leiocephalus onaneyi Garrido, 1973. Garrido, O. H. 1973. Nueva especie de Leiocephalus (Lacertilia, Iguanidae) para Cuba. Poeyana 188:1-19 (p. 4). Holotype: IZ 2869 = CZACC 4.3267. Loma de Macambo, Guantanamo province. Leiocephalus raviceps raviceps Cope, 1862. Cope, E. D. 1862. Contributions to neotropical saurology. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia 14:176-188. (p. 183). Syntypes ANSP 8601-03, MCZ 10928, USNM 4162. From western Guantanamo Bay to Cajobabo, Guantanamo province. Leiocephalus raviceps uzzelli Schwartz, 1960. Schwartz, A. 1960. Variation in the Cuban lizard Leiocephalus raviceps Cope. Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington 73:67-82. (p. 70). Holotype: AMNH 79321. From southeastern Santiago de Cuba Bay to Guantanamo Bay. Leiocephalus raviceps klinikowskii Schwartz, 1960. Schwartz, A. 1960. Variation in the Cuban lizard Leiocephalus raviceps Cope. Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington 73:67-82. (p. 77). Holotype: AMNH 83326. Peninsula de Hicacos, Matanzas province. Leiocephalus raviceps jaumei Schwartz and Garrido, 1968. Schwartz, A. and Garndo, O. H. 1968. An undescnbed subspecies of Leiocephalus raviceps Cope (Sauria: Iguanidae) from Western Cuba. Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington 81:23-30. (p. 24). Holotype: IZ 1349 = CZACC 4.3083. San Waldo, Cortés, Pinar del Rio province. Leiocephalus raviceps delavarai Garrido, 1973. Garrido, O. H. 1973. Nuevas subespecies de repules para Cuba. Torreia 30:1-31. (p. 4). Holotype: IZ 2774 = CZACC 4.3238. From Puerto Padre, Las Tunas province, to western Gibara, Holguin province. Leiocephalus stictigaster stictigaster Schwartz, 1959. Schwartz, A. 1959. Variation in lizards of the Leiocephalus cubensis complex in Cuba and the Isla de Pinos. Bull. Florida State Mus. 4(4):97- 143. (p. 121). Holotype: AMNH 77864. Peninsula de Guanahacabibes. Leiocephalus stictigaster sierrae Schwartz, 1959. Schwartz, A. 1959. Variation in lizards of the Leiocephalus cubensis complex in Cuba and the Isla de Pinos. Bull. Florida State Mus. 4(4):97- 143. (p. 126). Holotype: AMNH 77813. From Manuel Lazo to Las Pozas; Sierra de los Organos; Sierra del Rosario; all of them in Pinar del Rio province. 21 Leiocephalus stictigaster exotheotus Schwartz, 1959. Schwartz, A. 1959. Variation in lizards of the Leiocephalus cubensis complex in Cuba and the Isla de Pinos. Bull. Florida State Mus. 4(4):97- 143. (p. 130). Holotype: AMNH 810838. Isla de la Juventud, northern region. Leiocephalus stictigaster astictus Schwartz, 1959. Schwartz, A. 1959. Variation in lizards of the Leiocephalus cubensis complex in Cuba and the Isla de Pinos. Bull. Florida State Mus. 4(4):97- 143. (p. 134). Holotype: AMNH 81095. Isla de la Juventud southern region. Leiocephalus stictigaster lucianus Schwartz, 1960. Schwartz, A. 1960. A new subspecies of Leiocephalus stictigaster Schwartz from Central Cuba. Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington 73:103- 106. (p. 104). Holotype: AMNH 83583. From Nuevitas to Playa Santa Lucia, Camagiiey province. Leiocephalus stictigaster parasphex Schwartz, 1964. Schwartz, A. 1964. New subspecies of Leiocephalus from Cuba. Quart. J. Florida Acad. Sci. 27(3):211-222. (p. 212). Holotype: AMNH 92153. Cayo Sabinal. Leiocephalus stictigaster ophiplacodes Schwartz, 1964. Schwartz, A. 1964. New subspecies of Leiocephalus from Cuba. Quart. J. Florida Acad. Sci. 27(3):211-222. (p. 217). Holotype: AMNH 92771. Sierra de Cubitas, southern region, Camagiiey province. Leiocephalus stictigaster naranjoi Schwartz and Garrido, 1968. Schwartz, A. and Garrido, O. H. 1968. Four new subspecies of Leiocephalus stictigaster from Cuba. Natl. Mus. Canada Nat. Hist. Papers 37:1-23. (p. 3). Holotype: IZ 200 = CZACC 4.3445. Trinidad; Casilda. Leiocephalus stictigaster lipomator Schwartz and Garrido, 1968. Schwartz, A. and Garrido, O. H. 1968. Four new subspecies of Leiocephalus stictigaster from Cuba. Natl. Mus. Canada Nat. Hist. Papers 37:1-23. (p. 11). Holotype: IZ 1230. Motel Los Caneyes, Santa Clara. Leiocephalus stictigaster celeustes Schwartz and Garrido, 1968. Schwartz, A. and Garrido, O. H. 1968. Four new subspecies of Leiocephalus stictigaster from Cuba. Natl. Mus. Canada Nat. Hist. Papers 37:1-23. (p. 14). Holotype: IZ 1182 = CZACC 4.3091. From Bueycitos to Jiguani, Granma province. Leiocephalus stictigaster gibarensis Schwartz and Garrido, 1968. Schwartz, A. and Garrido, O. H. 1968. Four new subspecies of Leiocephalus stictigaster from Cuba. Natl. Mus. Canada Nat. Hist. Papers 37:1-23. (p. 18). Holotype: IZ 1236 = CZACC 4.3095. From Malagueta Bay, Las Tunas province, to Punta de Mulas, Holguin province. Leiocephalus stictigaster septentrionalis Garrido, 1975. Garrido, O. H. 1975. Nuevos reptiles del Archipiélago Cubano. Poeyana 141:1-58 (p. 28). Holotype: IZ 3425 = CZACC 4.3369. Archipiélago de Sabana-Camagiiey. 22 Family Xantusiidae _ Cricosaura typica Gundlach and Peters, in Peters, 1863. Peters, W. 1863. Hr. W. Peters berichtete uber eine neute von Hm. Dr. Gundlach auf Cuba entdeckte Sauriergattung, Cricosaura typica Gundlach et Peters. Monatsb. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 1863:362-368. (p. 362). Syntypes: ZMB 4832, 5071. Southern region of Granma and Santiago de Cuba provinces. Order Squamata - Serpentes Family Boidae Epicrates angulifer Bibron, 1840. Bibron, G. 1840. Reptiles. In Historia Fisica, Politica y Natural de la Isla de Cuba 4 (R. de la Sagra, ed.), Espana, 143 pp. (p. 129). Holotype: MNHN 3292. Cuba; Isla de la Juventud; Archipiélago de los Canarreos; Archipiélago de los Jardines de la Reina; Archipiélago de los Colorados; Archipiélago de Sabana-Camagiiey. Family Colubridae Alsophis cantherigerus cantherigerus (Bibron), 1840. Bibron, G. 1840. Reptiles. In Historia fisica, politica y natural de la Isla de Cuba 4 (R. de la Sagra, ed.), Espana, 143 pp. (p. 133). Syntypes: MNHN 3545-46, 3561-3563. From Pinar del Rio to Villa Clara provinces; Isla de la Juventud; Archipiélago de Sabana-Camagiiey; Archipiélago de los Canarreos; Cayos de San Felipe. Alsophis cantherigerus adspersus (Gundlach and Peters) in Peters, 1865. Peters, W. 1865. Uber einige neue Saugethiere (Mormops, Macrotus, Vesperus, Molossus, Capromys), Amphibien (Platydactylus, Otocryptis, Euprepes, Ungalia, Dromicus, Tropidonotus, Xenodon, Hylodes), und Fische (Sillago, Sibastes, Channa, Myctophum, Carascus, Barbus, Capoeta, Poecilia, Saurenchelys, Leptocephalus). Monatsber. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 1864:381-399. (p. 388). Syntypes ZMB 5064 a-b. From east of Guantanamo city to Maisi, Guantanamo province. Alsophis cantherigerus pepei Schwartz and Thomas, 1960. Schwartz, A. and Thomas, R. 1960. Four new snakes (Tropidophis, Dromicus, Alsophis) from the Isla de Pinos and Cuba. Herpetologica 16(2):73-90 (p. 87). Holotype: AMNH 83639. From Mayari to La Mata, Guantanamo province. Alsophis cantherigerus schwartzi Lando and Williams, 1969. Lando, R. V. and Williams, E. E. 1969. Notes on the herpetology of the U. S. Naval Base at Guantanamo Bay, Cuba. Studies Fauna Curacao Carib. Isl. 31(116):159-201. (p. 192). Holotype: AMNH 83638. From Trinidad, Sancti Spiritus province, to Felicidad, Guantanamo province. Antillophis andreai andreai (Reinhardt and Liitken), 1862. Reinhardt, J. and Liitken, C. F. 1862. Bidrag til det vestindiske Oeriges og navnlingen til de dansk-vestindiske Oers Herpetologie. Vidensk. Meddel. Naturhist. Foren Kjgbenhavn for 1862 (10-18):153-291. (p. 214). Holotype: UZM R60766-R60767. From Pinar del Rio to Camagiiey provinces. Antillophis andreai nebulatus (Barbour), 1916. Barbour, T. 1916. The reptiles and amphibians of the Isle of Pines. Ann. Carnegie Mus. 10(2):297-308. (p. 305). Holotype: MCZ 11092. Isla de la Juventud. 23 Antillophis andreai orientalis (Barbour and Ramsden), 1919. Barbour, T. and Ramsden, C. 1919. The herpetology of Cuba. Mem. Mus. Comp. Zool. 47(2):71-213. (p. 196). Holotype: MCZ 11726. Eastern Cuba. Antillophis andreai peninsulae (Schwartz and Thomas), 1960. Schwartz, A. and Thomas, R. 1960. Four new snakes (Tropidophis, Dromicus, Alsophis) from the Isla de Pinos and Cuba. Herpetologica 16(2):73-90. (p. 81). Holotype: AMNH 83235. Peninsula de Guanahacabibes. Antillophis andreai melopyrrha (Thomas and Garrido), 1967. Thomas, R. and Garrido, O. H. 1967. A new subspecies of Dromicus andreae (Serpentes: Colubridae). Ann. Carnegie Mus. 39(16):219-226. (p. 219). Holotype: IZ 1080 = CZACC 4.3071. Cayo Cantiles, Archipiélago de los Canarreos. Antillophis andreai morenoi Garrido, 1973. Garrido, O. H. 1973. Nuevas subespecies de reptiles para Cuba. Torreia 30:1-31. (p. 18). Holotype: IZ 2737. Cayo Santa Maria, Archipiélago de Sabana-Camagiiey. Arrhyton taeniatum Giinther, 1858. Giinther, A. 1858. Catalogue of colubrine snakes in the collection of the British Museum. Taylor and Francis, Londres, xvi + 281 pp. (p. 244). Holotype: BMNH 1946.1.21.48. Cuba; Isla de la Juventud. Arrhyton vittatum (Gundlach and Peters), 1862. Gundlach, J. C. and Peters, W. 1862. Hr. W. Peters legta eine mitthelung vor iiber zwei neue von Hm. Dr. Gundlach auf Cuba entdeckte schlangen. Tropidonotus cubanus and Criptodacus vittatus. Monatsb. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 1861:1001-1004. (p. 1003). Holotype: ZMB 4096. Cuba; Isla de la Juventud. Arrhyton dolichura Werner, 1909. Wemer, F. 1909. Uber neue oder seltense Reptilien des Naturhistorischen Museums in Hamburg. I. Schlangen. Mitt. Naturhist. Mus. Hamburg 26:205- 247. (p. 224). Holotype: HZM destroyed. Western Ciudad de La Habana province. Arrhyton landoi Schwartz, 1965. Schwartz, A. 1965. A review of the colubrid snake genus Arrhyton with a description of a new subspecies from southern Onente province, Cuba. Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington 78:99-114. (p. 109). Holotype: MCZ 42505. From Pil6én, Granma province, to Imias, Guantanamo province. Arrhyton ainictum Schwartz and Garrido, 1981. Schwartz, A. and Garrido, O. H. 1981. A review of the Cuban members of the genus Arrhyton (Reptilia, Serpentes, Colubridae). Ann. Carnegie Mus. 50(7):207-230. (p. 216). Holotype: IZ 4256. Amancio Rodriguez, Las Tunas province. Arrhyton tanyplectum Schwartz and Garrido, 1981. Schwartz, A. and Garrido, O. H. 1981. A review of the Cuban members of the genus Arrhyton (Reptilia, Serpentes, Colubridae). Ann. Carnegie Mus. 50(7):207-230. (p. 221). Holotype: AMNH 77782. From San Vicente to Pan de Aziucar, Pinar del Rio, province. 24 Arrhyton supernum Hedges and Garrido, 1992. Hedges, S. B. and Garrido, O. H. 1992. Cuban snakes of the genus Arrhyton: two new species and a reconsideration of A. redimitum Cope. Herpetologica 48(2):168-177. (p. 171). Holotype: MNHNCU-2704. Yunque de Baracoa and Monte Libano, Guantanamo province. Arrhyton procerum Hedges and Garrido, 1992. Hedges, S. B. and Garrido, O. H. 1992. Cuban snakes of the genus Arrhyton: two new species and a reconsideration of A. redimitum Cope. Herpetologica 48(2):168-177. (p. 174). Holotype: MNHNCU-3285. Eastsoutheastern Playa Girén. Tretanorhinus variabilis variabilis Duméril, Bibron, and Duméril, 1854. Dumémil, A. M. C., Bibron, G., and Duménil, A. H. A. 1854. Erpétologie Générale, ou Histoire Naturelle Complete des Reptiles. Libraire Encyclopédique de Roret, Paris 7(1):xiii + 780 pp. (p. 349). Syntypes: MNHN 7161, 7346. From Laguna de Ariguanabo, La Habana province, to Guantanamo province. Tretanorhinus variabilis wagleri (Jan), 1863. Jan, 1863. Elenco sistematico degli Ofidi descritti e disegnati per l'Iconografia Generale A. Lombardi, Milan, vii + 143 pp. Enumerazione sistematica degli ofidi appartenenti al gruppo Coronellidae. Arch. Zool. Anat. Fisiol. 2(2):215- 330. (p. 284). Holotype: Unlocated. From Vallecito de San Juan to San Diego de los Banos; Sierra de los Organos; Sierra del Rosario; all of them in Pinar del Rio province. Tretanorhimus variabilis insulaepinorum Barbour, 1916. Barbour, T. 1916. The reptiles and amphibians of the Isle of Pines. Ann. Carnegie Mus. 10(2):297-308. (p. 306). Holotype: MCZ 11190 or CM 311. Isla de la Juventud. Tretanorhinus variabilis binghami Schwartz and Ogren, 1956. Schwartz, A. and Ogren, L. 1956. A collection of reptiles and amphibians from Cuba, with the descnption of two new forms. Herpetologica 12(2):91-110. (p. 105). Holotype: ChM 55.1.61. From Manzanillo, Granma province, to Rio Yao, Guantanamo province. Family Natricidae Nerodia clarkii compressicauda (Kenicott), 1860. Kenicott, 1860. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia 12. Holotype: USNM 1348. Northern coast, from Punta Brava, La Habana province, to Playa Santa Lucia, Camagiiey province; Cayo Las Brujas, Villa Clara province. Family Tropidophiidae Tropidophis maculatus (Bibron), 1840. Bibron, G. 1840. Reptiles. En Historia Fisica, Politica y Natural de la Isla de Cuba 4 (R. de la Sagra, ed.), Espafia, 143 pp. (p. 127). Holotype: MNHN 7184. From Guane, Pinar del Rio province, to Cardenas, Matanzas province; Isla de la Juventud. Tropidophis pardalis (Gundlach), 1840. Gundlach, J. C. 1840. Ueber zwei von mir gesammelte Boen (Boa pardalis). Arch. Naturges. 6(1):359-361. (p. 361). Holotype: Unlocated. Cuba; Isla de la Juventud; Cayo Pared6n Grande, Archipiélago de Sabana-Camagiiey. 25 Tropidophis haetianus haetianus (Cope), 1879. Cope, E. D. 1879. Eleventh contribution to the herpetology of tropical America. Proc. Amer. Phil. Soc. 18:261-277. (p. 273). Syntypes USNM 10164, 10169. Guardalavaca, Holguin province. Tropidophis melanurus melanurus (Schlegel), 1837. Schlegel, H. 1837. Essai sur la physionomie des serpens. Vol. 2 xv + 606 pp. M. H. Schonekat, Amsterdam (p. 389) + Atlas, 21 pls. J. Kips, J. Hz. and W. P. Van Stockum, La Haya. Holotype: ANSP 10308. Cuba. Tropidophis melanurus ericksoni Schwartz and Thomas, 1960. Schwartz, A. and Thomas, R. 1960. Four new snakes (Tropidophis, Dromicus, Alsophis) from the Isla de Pinos and Cuba. Herpetologica 16(2):73-90. (p. 74). Holotype: AMNH 82897. Isla de la Juventud. Tropidophis melanurus dysodes Schwartz and Thomas, 1960. Schwartz, A. and Thomas, R. 1960. Four new snakes (Tropidophis, Dromicus, Alsophis) from the Isla de Pinos and Cuba. Herpetologica 16(2):73-90. (p. 79). Holotype: AMNH 82893. La Coloma, Pinar del Rio province. Tropidophis semicinctus (Gundlach and Peters), 1865, in Peters, 1865. Peters, W. 1865. Uber einige neue Saugethiere (Mormops, Macrotus, Vesperus, Molossus, Capromys), Amphibien (Platydactylus, Otocryptis, Euprepes, Ungalia, Dromicus, Tropidonotus, Xenodon, Hylodes), und Fische (Sillago, Sibastes, Channa, Myctophum, Carascus, Barbus, Capoeta, Poecilia, Saurenchelys, Leptocephalus). Monatsber. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 1864:381-399. (p. 388). Syntype: ZMB 5076. From Rancho Mundito, Pinar del Rio province, to northwestern Trinidad. Tropidophis pilsbryi pilsbryi Bailey, 1937. Bailey, J. R. 1937. A review of some recent Tropidophis material. Proc. New England Zool. Club 16:41-52. (p. 42). Holotype: ANSP 20822. Miranda, Santiago de Cuba province; Guantanamo. Tropidophis pilsbryi galacelidus Schwartz and Garrido, 1975. Schwartz, A. and Garrido, O. H. 1975. A reconsideration of some Cuban Tropidophis (Serpentes, Boidae). Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington 88(9):77-90. (p. 81). Holotype: IZ 4052. From Soledad, Cienfuegos province, to Trinidad. Tropidophis nigriventris nigriventris Bailey, 1937. Bailey, J. R. 1937. A review of some recent Tropidophis material. Proc. New England Zool. Club 16:41-52. (p. 45). Holotype: UMMZ 70888. Eastern Camagiiey province. Tropidophis nigriventris hardyi Schwartz and Garrido, 1975. Schwartz, A. and Garrido, O. H. 1975. A reconsideration of some Cuban Tropidophis (Serpentes, Boidae). Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington 88(9):77-90. (p. 86). Holotype: USNM 138510. From Soledad, Cienfuegos province, to Trinidad. Tropidophis wrighti Stull, 1938. Stull, O. G. 1938. A revision of the genus Tropidophis. Occ. Papers Mus. Zool. Univ. Michigan 195:1-49. (p. 38). Holotype: USNM 12420. From Céspedes, Camagiiey province, to Santiago de Cuba province. 26 Tropidophis feicki Schwartz, 1957. Schwartz, A. 1957. A new species of boa (genus Tropidophis) from western Cuba. Amer. Mus. Novitates 1839:1-8. (p. 3). Holotype: AMNH®76224. From Guane, Pinar del Rio province, to Pan de Matanzas. Tropidophis fuscus Hedges and Garrido, 1992. Hedges, S. B. and Garrido, O. H. 1992. A new species of Tropidophis from Cuba (Serpentes: Tropidophidae). Copeia 3:820-825. (p. 820). Holotype: MNHNCU-2705. Yateras and Camarones, Guantanamo province. Family Typhlopidae Typhlops lumbricalis (Linnaeus), 1758. Linnaeus, K. von, 1758. Systema Naturae per regna tria naturae, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synosymis, locis. Tomus I, Editio Decima, reformata, 824 pp. (p. 288). Holotype: Unlocated. Cuba; Isla de la Juventud. Typhlops biminiensis biminiensis Richmond, 1955. Richmond, N. D. 1955. The blind snakes (Typhlops) of Bimini, Bahama Islands, British West Indies, with description of a new species. Amer. Mus. Novitates 1734:1-7 (p. 2). Holotype: CM 32604. Miramar, Ciudad de La Habana; Santa Cruz del Norte, La Habana province; Rancho Luna, Cienfuegos province; Holguin; Santiago de Cuba; Maisi, Guantanamo province. LITERATURE CITED Diaz, L. M., A. R. Estrada, and L. V. Moreno (1996): A new species of Anolis (Sauria: Iguanidae) from the Sierra de Trinidad, Sancti Spiritus, Cuba. Carib. J. Sci. 32(1):54-58. Hass, C. A., S. B. Hedges, and L. R. Maxson (1993): Molecular insights into the relationships and biogeoraphy of West Indian anoline lizards. Biochem. Syst. Ecol. 21(1):97-114. Hedges, S. B. (1996): The origin of West Indian amphibians and reptiles. In Contributions to West Indian herpetology: a tribute to Albert Schwartz (R. Powell and R. W. Henderson, eds.). Society for the Study of Amphibians and Reptiles, Ithaca (New York). Contributions to Herpetology vol. 12, pp. 95-128. Pérez-Beato, O. 1996-1997. A new subspecies of Anolis porcatus (Sauria: Polychrotidae) from Westem Cuba. Rev. Biol. Trop. 44(3)/45(1):295-299. Powell, R., R. W. Henderson, K. Adler, and H. A. Dundee (1996): An annotated cheklist of West Indian Amphibians and Reptiles. In Contributions to West Indian Herpetology: A tribute to Albert Schwartz (R. Powell and R. W. Henderson, eds.). Society for the Study of Amphibians and Repules, Ithaca (New York). Contributions to Herpetology vol. 12, pp. 51-93 + 8 color pls. Thomas, R., and S. B. Hedges (1998a): A new amphisbaenian from Cuba. J. Herpetol. 32(1):92-96. Thomas, R., and S. B. Hedges (19986): New anguid lizard (Diploglossus) from Cuba. Copeia 1998(1):97-103. Thomas, R., S. B. Hedges, and O. H. Garrido (1998): A new gecko (Sphaerodactylus) from the Sierra Maestra of Cuba. J. Herpetol. 32(1):66-69. Ss 7 c 640° TAXONOMY OF THE LIOLAEMINAE SGEG (SQUAMATA: IGUANIA: TROPIDURIDAE) REP | AND A : SEMI-ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPY Richard Etheridge Department of Biology San Diego State University & Robert E. Espinoza Ecology, Evolution, and Conservation Biology University of Nevada, Reno SMITHSONIAN HERPETOLOGICAL INFORMATION SERVICE NO. 126 2000 SMITHSONIAN HERPETOLOGICAL INFORMATION SERVICE The SHIS series publishes and distributes translations, bibliographies, indices, and similar items judged useful to individuals interested in the biology of amphibians and reptiles, but unlikely to be published in the normal technical journals. Single copies are distributed free to interested individuals. Libraries, herpetological associations, and research laboratories are invited to exchange their publications with the Division of Amphibians and Reptiles. We wish to encourage individuals to share their bibliographies, translations, etc. with other herpetologists through the SHIS series. If you have such items please contact George Zug for instructions on preparation and submission. Contributors receive 50 free copies. Please address all requests for copies and inquiries to George Zug, Division of Amphibians and Reptiles, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington DC 20560 USA. Please include a self-addressed mailing label with requests. Editor’s Note: The forward begins on page two. There.is no page one. A TAXONOMY AND SEMI-ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY OF THE LIOLAEMINAE (SQUAMATA: IGUANIA: TROPIDURIDAE) Richard Etheridge’ and Robert E. Espinoza’ ' Department of Biology San Diego State University San Diego, CA 92182-4616 USA Voice: (619) 594-5394 FAX: (619) 594-5676 Email: rether@sunstroke.sdsu.edu (author for correspondence) * Ecology, Evolution, and Conservation Biology MS 314 University of Nevada, Reno Reno, NV 89557 USA Voice: (775) 784-1703 FAX: (775) 784-1369 Email: espin_r@unr.edu FOREWORD The Liolaeminae (Iguania: Tropiduridae) is a large clade of small to moderate-sized lizards that live in pnmanily arid and semiarid habitats throughout most of austral South America. They are a conspicuous component of the terrestrial vertebrate fauna wherever they occur, and many localities are occupied by several species. As this bibliography clearly indicates, lizards of the Liolaeminae have been the focus of intense interest by biologists for more than a century. In 1989, Frost and Etheridge proposed formal recognition of Liolaeminae as a subfamily of the iguanian family Tropiduridae. Although species of Liolaeminae have been coupled with a large number of generic names (see Taxonomy), Etheridge (1995) recognized only three as valid: Ctenoblepharys (1 species), Phymaturus (10 species) and Liolaemus (~ 150 species). Ctenoblepharys adspersa is an arenicolous insectivore confined to the Pacific beaches of central Peru, where it occurs in isolation from other Liolaeminae. Phymaturus are saxicolous, herbivorous lizards that live at high elevations in the Andes of central Chile and Argentina, and along the volcanic mesetas in central and southern Argentina. Throughout its range Phymaturus occurs sympatrically with one or more species of Liolaemus. The number of valid species of Liolaemus as of this writing stands at approximately 150—the uncertainty resulting from differing opinions on the validity of some forms. Eleven species have from two to five subspecies. Incredibly, the number of Liolaemus has been growing at a rate of about four new species each year for the past decade (Fig. 1), and at least 20 manuscript names known to us are now in preparation. =k Oo Fig. 1. Number of Liolaemus taxa described over time. Only taxa that are currently considered valid are. Incredibly, the rate of new-species descriptions has averaged 2.7 per year since 1970 and has risen to 3.5 per year within the last decade. oe Liolaemus ranges from northern central Peru southward through Bolivia, Chile, and Argentina to northern Tierra del Fuego, and up the Atlantic coast of Uruguay and southeastern Brazil. Members of this genus occur at elevations from sea level to over 5000 m. In body size they range from 45 to just over 100 mm snout-vent length, with body masses from three to nearly 40 g. Liolaemus may be insectivorous or herbivorous, but the majority of species appear to be omnivores. The reproductive mode of Ctenoblepharys is unknown, but it is probably oviparous. Phymaturus are viviparous, as are about half the species of Liolaemus, whereas the remaining species deposit eggs in varying stages of embryonic development. The majority of liolaemine lizards live in arid or semiarid habitats, but the distributions of some Liolaemus extend into the humid forest of southern Chile, and along the Atlantic coast including several Brazilian islands. Liolaeminae are almost entirely terrestrial, with most being microhabitat generalists, but some are highly specialized morphologically: Ctenoblepharys adspersa and some Liolaemus for life on aeolian sand, and Phymaturus and some Number of Liolaemus Described 3 Liolaemus for life among the crevices in outcrops of boulders. Only one species of Liolaemus is commonly found on trees. Clearly the large number of species, the great range in latitude and elevation, the occurrence of multiple syntopic species in many regions, and the great diversity in characteristics such as body size, morphology, diet, reproductive mode, and microhabitat selection insures that these lizards will be the subjects of biological investigations for many years to come. Our purpose in preparing this list of valid names and synonymies, and bibliography is to help facilitate those studies. CONTENT & HOW TO USE THIS BIBLIOGRAPHY The bibliography contains references written in English, French, German, Italian, Latin, Portuguese, and Spanish, and spans about three centuries of research. We made every effort to locate the original work for each citation in an attempt to avoid the errors associated with copying bibliographies from secondary sources. We also attempted to include the full citations for the references rather than to use abbreviations; however, in a few cases we were unable to locate the primary reference and thus had to rely on citations from other resources. Originally, this bibliography included 43 secondary references in which only earlier works were cited, and 114 citations of published abstracts of papers given at meetings. Because of page limitations, these citations have been removed. Despite our attempts to make this bibliography as error-free and comprehensive as possible, undoubtedly we have made mistakes and missed some citations. With the help of our colleagues we hope that we can remedy this shortfall and keep the list up to date by receiving notices or reprints of work relating to this fascinating group of lizards. This list, in an electronic format (contact first author for web address), will be updated as new references are received The references are ordered alphabetically, by the last name of the first author, and next by the year the paper was published. In cases of multiple authorship, the same principle above follows, with the citations listed by the second author’s last name and so forth. Because publication dates are sometimes not the same as print dates, some citations are followed by a year in brackets (e.g., [1991]). In such instances, the year for the reference should be cited (or searched for) using the publication date not the bracketed print date. A “t.d.” before a species name in an annotation indicates that the reference is the source of the original type description for a given taxon. The spelling of taxa in annotations follows the orthography of the publications cited and no assumptions were made regarding the current identity of these taxa. Users should refer to the Taxonomy section for synonomys and current useage. Annotations are lacking for many shorter publications for which the contents are explicitly stated in the title. We are aware that the utility of this bibliography would be greatly enhanced by the addition of one or more indexes. We hope that future editions may include indexes, and encourage those who are interested in particular aspects of liolaemine biology (e.g., behavior, life history, taxonomy, etc.) to prepare indexes for their topics of interest and share them with our fellow researchers. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS Many of our colleagues and friends assisted by sending their references or reprints and, were it not for their efforts, assembling this bibliography would have been much more difficult. Among them, we would like to thank Luciano Avila, Dan Blackburn, Félix Cruz, Kevin de Queiroz, Lee Fitzgerald, Ligia Krause, Fernando Lobo, Ricardo Montero, Jimmy McGuire, Scott Moody, Herman Nifiez, Martha Ramirez Pinilla, Fred Rocha, Miguel Rodriguez, Kurt Schwenk, Norm Scott, Laura Vega, Van Wallach, and Jorge Williams. We would like to extend a special thanks to Jorge Williams who allowed us to incorporate numerous citations from a similar bibliography that he was preparing. We thank Heather Powell and the librarians directing the interlibrary loan services at San Diego State University and at the University of Nevada, Reno for helping us to procure some of the more difficult-to-obtain references. Carrie Carrefio, Fernando Lobo, and Heather Powell helped to check earlier versions of the bibliography for errors. During the preparation of this bibliography, the junior author was supported by a Porter Fellowship from the American Society of Physiologists and the Biological Resources Research Center at the University of Nevada, Reno. SPECIES AND SUBSPECIES OF LIOLAEMINAE: VALID AND INVALID NAMES All published names for species and subspecies of Liolaeminae are listed here. Following the taxonomy of Etheridge (1995), the genera Crenoblepharys, Liolaemus, and Phymaturus are recognized. Species and subspecies considered valid, or whose status is uncertain, are printed in boldface. Synonyms are followed by a reference to the first published proposal of the synonomy. Names subject to taxonomic changes since 1980, such as new combinations and revivals of taxa formerly in synonomy, are followed by an appropriate reference. Ctenoblepharys TSCHUDI, 1845 Subsequent to the description of Crenoblepharys adspersa, 12 species, including 15 specific names, were described in or transferred to this genus, but all were referred to Liolaemus by Etheridge (1995). Thus, only one species is recognized. adspersa TSCHUDI, 1845 Liolaemus WIEGMANN, 1834 This list includes all of the species that are now, or have been, recognized under the following generic and subgeneric names: Abas NUNEZ and YANEZ, 1984; Austrolaemus LAURENT, 1995; Ceiolaemus LAURENT, 1984; Chrysosaurus GAY 1848; Ctenoblepharys TSCHUDI, 1845 (except C. adspersa, the type species); Eulaemus GIRARD, 1857; Liolaemus WIEGMANN, 1834; Liodeira FITZINGER, 1843; Ortholaemus GIRARD, 1857; Pelusaurus DONOSO-BARROS, 1973; Phrynosaura WERNER, 1907; Prychodeira FITZINGER, 1843; Rhytidodeira GIRARD, 1857; Velosaura NUNEZ and YANEZ, 1984; and, Vilcunia DONOSO-BARROS and CEI, 1981. For the purpose of this list, all of these names except Crenoblepharys are considered synonyms of Liolaemus. Species of Liolaemus have also been described in, or referred to the genera Proctotretus DUMERIL and BIBRON, 1837; Leiosaurus DUMERIL and BIBRON, 1837, Stenocercus DUMERIL and BIBRON, 1837; Calotes CUVIER, 1817; and, Tropidurus WIED-NEUWIED, 1825. abaucan ETHERIDGE, 1993 affinis GIRARD, 1858 (substitute name for fitzingerii BELL, 1843) albiceps LOBO and LAURENT, 1995 alticolor BARBOUR, 1909 alticolor walkeri - see walkeri altissimus MULLER and HELLMICH, 1932 (= bellii fide ORTIZ, 1981) andinus (valid fide LAURENT, 1982) andinus andinus KOSLOWSKY, 1895 andinus poecilochromus LAURENT, 1986 (new combination fide LAURENT, 1992) anomalus anomalus anomalus KOSLOWSKY, 1896 anomalus ditadai CEI, 1983 annectens - see signifer annectens araucaniensis - see bellii araucaniensis archeforus DONOSO-BARROS and CEI, 1971 archeforus gallardoi - see gallardoi archeforus sarmientoi - see sarmientoi argentinus - see pictus argentinus arenaria WERNER, 1910 (= magellanicus fide DONOSO-BARROS, 1970) ater - see zapallarensis ater atacamensis MULLER and HELLMICH, 1933 (species status fide SIMONETTI and NUNEZ, 1986) audituvelatus NUNEZ and YANEZ, 1983 austromendocinus CEI, 1974 aymararum - see jamesi aymararum baguali CEI and SCOLARO, 1983 (species status fide SCOLARO and CEI, 1997) beaglii GIRARD, 1858 (substitute name for multimaculatus BELL, 1843) bellii belli bellii GRAY, 1845 bellii araucaniensis MULLER and HELLMICH, 1932 bellii_ moradoensis HELLMICH, 1950 bellii neuquensis - see neuquensis bibronii BELL, 1843 bisignatus PHILIPPI, 1860 bitaeniatus LAURENT, 1984 bolivianus PELLEGRIN, 1909 (= signifer fide HELLMICH, 1962) boulengeri KOSLOWSKY, 1898 brattstroemi - see cyanogaster brattstroemi buergeri WERNER, 1907 calchaqui LOBO and KRETZSCHMAR, 1996 campanae - see nigroviridis campanae canqueli CEI, 1975 (species status fide ETHERIDGE, 1993) capillitas HULSE, 1979 ceii DONOSO-BARROS, 1971 chacoensis SHREVE, 1948 chiliensis LESSON, 1830 chillanensis - see monticola chillanensis chiloeensis - see pictus chiloeensis chlorostictus - see orientalis chlorostictus coeruleus CEI and ORTIZ, 1983 conspersus GRAVENHORST, 1838 (= nigromaculatus fide BOULENGER, 1885) constanzae DONOSO-BARROS, 1961 copiapensis MULLER and HELLMICH, 1933 courtyi [variabilis courtyi]) PELLEGRIN, 1909 (= multiformis fide HELLMICH, 1962; = signifer fide LAURENT, 1992) cranwelli DONOSO-BARROS, 1973 crequii [variabilis crequii} PELLEGRIN, 1909 (= multiformis fide HELLMICH, 1962; = signifer fide LAURENT, 1992) cristiani NUNEZ, NAVARRO, and LOYOLA, 1991 curicensis MULLER and HELLMICH, 1938 curis NUNEZ and LABRA, 1985 cuyanus CEI and SCOLARO, 1980 cyanogaster cyanogaster cyanogaster DUMERIL and BIBRON, 1837 cyanogaster brattstroemi DONOSO-BARROS, 1961 darwinii BELL, 1843 disjunctus LAURENT, 1990 donosobarrosi CEI, 1974 donosoi ORTIZ, 1975 (= constanzae fide VELOSO, SALLABERRY, NAVARRO, ITURRA, VALENCIA, PENNA, and DIAZ, 1982) dorbignyi KOSLOWSKY, 1898 duellmani CEI, 1978 elegans TSCHUDI, 1845 (= lemniscatus fide ROUX, 1907) eleodori CEI, ETHERIDGE, and VIDELA, 1983 elongatus KOSLOWSKY, 1896 elongatus petrophilus - see petrophilus 6 emmae DONOSO-BARROS, 1970 (= chacoensis fide CEI, 1980) erroneus NUNEZ and YANEZ 1983-84 erythrogaster WERNER, 1898 (= fuscus fide MULLER and HELLMICH, 1933) escarchadosi SCOLARO and CEI, 1997 etheridgei LAURENT, 1998 exploratorum CEI and WILLIAMS, 1984 fabiani Y ANEZ and NUNEZ, 1983 famatinae CEI, 1980 femoratus GIRARD, 1854 (= lemniscatus fide BOULENGER, 1885) fittkaui LAURENT, 1986 fitzgeraldi BOULENGER, 1899 fitzingerii DUMERIL and BIBRON, 1837 fitzingerii canqueli - see canqueli fitzroii GIRARD, 1858 (substitute name for wiegmannii BELL, 1843) forsteri LAURENT, 1982 fuscus BOULENGER, 1885 gallardoi CEI and SCOLARO, 1982 (species status fide SCOLARO and CEI, 1997) gleischi AHL, 1924 (= occipitalis fide MERTENS, 1938) goetschi MULLER and HELLMICH, 1938 (= fitzingerii melanops fide CE] and SCOLARO, 1977; = melanops melanops fide CEI and SCOLARO, 1983) gracilis BELL, 1843 gravenhorstii GRAY, 1845 griseus LAURENT, 1984 hatcheri STEJNEGER, 1909 (= magellanicus fide DONOSO-BARROS, 1970; valid fide ETHERIDGE, 1998) hieroglyphicus GRAVENHORST, 1838 (= lemniscatus fide BOULENGER, 1885) hellmichi DONOSO-BARROS, 1975 heliodermis ESPINOZA, LOBO and CRUZ, 2000 hernani SALLABERRY, NUNEZ and YANEZ, 1982 huacahuasicus LAURENT, 1985 inconspicuus GRAY, 1845 (= nigromaculatus fide BOULENGER, 1885) insolitus CEI and PEFAUR, 1982 intermedius DUMERIL and BIBRON, 1837 (= cyanogaster fide BOULENGER, 1885) irregularis LAURENT, 1986 isabelaeg NAVARRO and NUNEZ, 1993 islugensis islugensis islugensis ORTIZ and MARQUET, 1987 islugensis erguetae LAURENT, 1995 jamesi jamesi jamesi BOULENGER, 1891 Jamesi aymararum VELOSO, SALLABERRY, NAVARRO, ITURRA, VALENCIA, PENNA, and DIAZ, 1982 (new combination fide LAURENT, 1995) Jamesi pachecoi LAURENT, 1995 juanortizi YOUNG-DOWNEY and MORENO, 1992 kingii BELL, 1843 koslowskyi ETHERIDGE, 1993 kriegi MULLER and HELLMICH, 1939 kuhlmanni MULLER and HELLMICH, 1933 lativittatus WERNER, 1904 (? = alticolor fide MULLER and HELLMICH, 1938) laurenti ETHERIDGE, 1992 lemniscatus GRAVENHORST, 1837 lentus GALLARDO, 1966 (= anomalus fide CEI, 1979) lenzi BOETTGER, 1891 (= multiformis fide BURT and BURT, 1931; = signifer fide LAURENT, 1992) leopardinus MULLER and HELLMICH, 1932 lineatus GRAVENHORST, 1837 (= nitidus fide BOULENGER, 1885) lineatus GRAY, 1845 (= bibronii fide BOULENGER, 1885) lineomaculatus BOULENGER, 1885 loregzmulleri HELLMICH, 1950 lutzae MERTENS, 1938 maculatus GRAY, 1845 (= tenuis fide BOULENGER, 1885) major - see pictus major magellanicus HOMBRON and JACQUINOT, 1847 maldonadae NUNEZ, NAVARRO, and LOYOLA, 1991 marmoratus GRAVENHORST, 1838 (= nitidus fide BOULENGER, 1885) marmoratus PHILIPPI, 1860 (= nitidus fide ORTIZ and NUNEZ, 1986) marmoratus BURMEISTER, 1861 (renamed pseudoanomalus CEI, 1981) melanogaster LAURENT, 1998 melanopleurus PHILIPPI, 1860 (? = darwinii fide BOULENGER, 1885; status uncertain fide ORTIZ and NUNEZ, 1986) melanops BURMEISTER, 1888 melanops xanthoviridis - see xanthoviridis micropholis WERNER, 1910 (? = boulengeri fide PETERS and DONOSO-BARROS, 1970) micropunctatus [tenuis micropunctatus} GOETSCH and HELLMICH, 1932 (nomen nudum for tenuis puctatissimus) minor - see nigroviridis minor mocquardi PELLEGRIN, 1909 (= ornatus fide LAURENT, 1992) modestus PHILIPPI, 1860 (= chiliensis fide BOULENGER, 1885; = altissimus fide MULLER and HELLMICH, 1933; status uncertain fide ORTIZ and NUNEZ 1986) montanus KOSLOWSKY, 1898 monticola monticola monticola MULLER and HELLMICH, 1932 monticola chillanensis MULLER and HELLMICH, 1932 monticola villaricensis MULLER and HELLMICH, 1932 moradoensis - see bellii moradoensis morio GAY, 1848 (= pictus fide DONOSO-BARROS, 1966) mosaicus HOMBRON and JACQUINOT, 1847 (= lemniscatus fide BOULENGER, 1885) multicolor KOSLOWSKY, 1898 (valid fide LAURENT, 1982) multiformis COPE, 1876 (= signifer fide LAURENT, 1992) multimaculatus DUMERIL and BIBRON, 1837 multimaculatus riojanus - see riojanus neuquensis MULLER and HELLMICH, 1939 (species status fide VIDELA and CEI, 1996) neveui [variabilis neveui] PELLEGRIN, 1909 (= multiformis fide HELLMICH, 1962; = signifer fide LAURENT, 1992) niger HALLOWELL, 1856 (? = tenuis punctatissimus fide PETERS and DONOSO-BARROS, 1970) nigriceps PHILIPPI, 1860 nigroroseus - see nigroviridis nigroroseus nigromaculatus WIEGMANN, 1834 nigroviridis MULLER and HELLMICH, 1932 (all subspecies invalid fide NUNEZ and JAKSIC, 1992) nigroviridis campanae HELLMICH, 1950 (= nigroviridis fide NUNEZ and JAKSIC, 1992) nigroviridis minor MULLER and HELLMICH, 1932 (= nigroviridis fide NUNEZ and JAKSIC, 1992) nigroviridis nigroroseus DONOSO-BARROS, 1966 (= constanzae fide NUNEZ and JAKSIC, 1992) nitidus WIEGMANN, 1834 occipitalis BOULENGER, 1885 olivaceus WIEGMANN, 1834 (= chiliensis fide FITZINGER, 1843) olongasta ETHERIDGE, 1993 orientalis [annectens orientalis) MULLER, 1924 (= multiformis simonsii fide BURT and BURT, 1931; valid species fide LAURENT, 1992) orientalis orientalis MULLER, 1924 orientalis chlorostictus LAURENT, 1993 ornatus KOSLOWSKY, 1898 ortizi LAURENT, 1982 oxycephalus WIEGMANN, 1834 (= nigromaculatus fide BOULENGER, 1885) pachecoi - see jamesi pachecoi pagaburoi LOBO and ESPINOZA, 1999 pallidus PHILIPPI, 1860 (= nigromaculatus fide BOULENGER, 1885; = melanopleurus fide ORTIZ and NUNEZ, 1986) pantherinus PELLEGRIN, 1909 (= signifer fide LAURENT, 1992; valid species fide NUNEZ and JAKSIC, 1992) patriciaiturrae NAVARRO and NUNEZ, 1993 paulinae DONOSO-BARROS, 1961 periglacialis CEI and SCOLARO, 1982 (= hatcheri fide ETHERIDGE, 1998) petrophilus DONOSO-BARROS and CEI, 1971 (species status fide CEI and AVILA, 1996) pictus pictus pictus DUMERIL and BIBRON, 1837 pictus argentinus MULLER and HELLMICH, 1939 pictus chiloeensis MULLER and HELLMICH, 1939 pictus major BOULENGER, 1885 pictus talcanensis URBANA and ZUNGIA, 1977 platei WERNER, 1898 platei curicensis - see curicensis pleopholis LAURENT, 1998 poecilochromus - see andinus poecilochromus polystictus LAURENT, 1992 prasinus COPE, 1868 (= pictus fide BOULENGER, 1885) proximus WERNER, 1904 (= magellanicus fide HELLMICH, 1934) pseudoanomalus CEI, 1981 (substitute name for marmoratus BURMEISTER, 1861) pseudolemniscatus LAMBOROT and ORTIZ, 1990 ptychopleurus LICHTENSTEIN, 1856 (= tenuis fide DONOSO-BARROS, 1966) punctatissimus - see tenuis punctatissimus pulcher PELLEGRIN, 1909 (= ornatus fide LAURENT, 1992; = pantherinus fide NUNEZ and JAKSIC, 1992) pulcherrimus LAURENT, 1993 puritamensis NUNEZ and FOX, 1989 (= dorbignyi fide NUNEZ, 1992) quilmes ETHERIDGE, 1993 rabinoi CEI, 1974 ramirezae LOBO and ESPINOZA, 1999 ramonensis MULLER and HELLMICH, 1932 (species status fide NUNEZ and JAKSIC, 1992) reichei WERNER, 1907 riojanus CEI, 1979 (species status fide ETHERIDGE, 1992) robertmertensi HELLMICH, 1964 robustus LAURENT, 1992 rosenmanni NUNEZ and NAVARRO, 1992 rothi KOSLOWSKY, 1898 ruibali DONOSO-BARROS, 1961 ruizleali DONOSO-BARROS and CEI, 1971 (= rothi fide CEI and SCOLARO, 1987) salinicola LAURENT, 1986 sanjuanensis CEI, 1982 sarmientot DONOSO-BARROS, 1973 (species status fide SCOLARO and CEI, 1997) saxatilis AVILA, CEI, MARTORI, and ACOSTA, 1992 scapularis LAURENT, 1982 schmidti MARX, 1960 schroederi MULLER and HELLMICH, 1938 sieversi - see zapallarensis sieversi signifer signifer signifer DUMERIL and BIBRON, 1837 signifer annectens BOULENGER, 1901 (new combination fide LAURENT, 1992) silvai ORTIZ, 1989 simonsti BOULENGER, 1902 (= ornatus fide LAURENT, 1992) somuncurae CEI] and SCOLARO, 1981 (species status fide SCOLARO and CEI, 1997) stantoni GIRARD, 1854 (= gravenhorstii fide DONOSO-BARROS, 1969) stolzmanni STEINDACHNER, 1891 sylvanae DONOSO-BARROS and CEI, 1971 tacnae SHREVE, 1941 (transferred to Liolaemus LAURENT, 1992) talcanensis - see pictus talcanensis tari SCOLARO and CEI, 1997 tenuis DUMERIL and BIBRON, 1837 tenuis punctatissimus MULLER and HELLMICH, 1933 (= tenuis fide NUNEZ and JAKSIC, 1992) tenuis micropunctatus GOETSCH and HELLMICH, 1932 (nomen nudum for tenuis punctatissimus) thermarum VIDELA and CEI, 1996 thomasi LAURENT, 1998 tristis SCOLARO and CEI, 1997 tropidonotus BOULENGER, 1902 (= multiformis fide BURT and BURT, 1931; =signifer fide LAURENT, 1992) unicolor GRAVENHORST, 1837 (= nitidus fide BOULENGER, 1885) uspallatensis MACOLA and CASTRO, 1982 valdesianus HELLMICH, 1950 (species status fide NUNEZ and JAKSIC, 1992) vallecurensis PEREYRA, 1992 variegatus LAURENT, 1984 velosoi ORTIZ, 1987 walkeri SHREVE, 1938 (valid species fide LAURENT, 1992) werneri MULLER, 1928 (= anomalus fide CEI, 1979) wiegmannii DUMERIL and BIBRON, 1837 williamsi LAURENT, 1992 xanthoviridis CEI and SCOLARO, 1980 (species status fide ETHERIDGE, 1992) zapallarensis zapallarensis zapallarensis MULLER and HELLMICH, 1933 zapallarensis ater MULLER and HELLMICH, 1933 zapallarensis sieversi DONOSO-BARROS, 1954 zonatus [signifer zonatus] KOSLOWSKY, 1898 (= signifer fide PETERS and DONOSO- BARROS, 1970; = ornatus fide LAURENT, 1986) zullyi CEI and SCOLARO, 1996 Phymaturus GRAVENHORST, 1838* This list includes all of the species and subspecies names that are now, or have been recognized under the generic names Phymaturus GRAVENHORST, 1838 and Centrura BELL, 1843. Phymaturus palluma also has appeared under 10 the generic names Cordylus MEYER 1795, Stellio LAURENTI, 1768; Oplurus CUVIER, 1829; Uracentron KAUP, 1826; and Lucerta [for Lacerta] LINNEAUS, 1758. . antofagastensis PEREYRA, 1985 bibroni GUICHENOT, 1848 (= palluma fide BOULENGER, 1885) daudini as Urocentron Daudini FITZINGER, 1843 (substitute name for Lacerta paluma MOLINA, 1782) flagellifer BELL, 1843 (= palluma fide BOULENGER, 1885) indistinctus CEI and CASTRO, 1973 (species status fide ETHERIDGE, 1995) mallimaccii CEI, 1980 nevadoi CEI and CASTRO, 1975 (species status fide ETHERIDGE, 1995) palluma MOLINA, 1782 patagonicus KOSLOWSKY, 1898 patagonicus indistinctus - see indiscinctus patagonicus nevadoi - see nevadoi patagonicus payuniae - see payuniae patagonicus somuncurensis - see somuncurensis patagonicus zapalensis - see zapalensis payuniae CEI and CASTRO, 1973 (species status fide ETHERIDGE, 1995) punae CEI, ETHERIDGE, and VIDELA, 1983 somuncurensis CEI and CASTRO, 1973 (species status fide ETHERIDGE, 1995) spurcus BARBOUR, 1921 (= patagonicus fide BURT and BURT, 1931) zapalensis CEI and CASTRO, 1973 (species status fide ETHERIDGE, 1995) *Cei and Lescure (1985) stated that the species described as Lacerta palluma [original spelling Lucerta] by Molina (1782) is as senior synonym of the teiid lizard Callopistes maculatus GRAVENHORST 1838 [the correct date is 1837]. If this assertion is correct, then Gravenhorst must have erred when he designated Lacerta palluma as the type species of his new genus Phymaturus. His illustration is clearly that of the lizard that has been known as Phymaturus palluma for over a century. Cei and Lescure (1985) were therefore led to revalidate the next available generic name, Centrura BELL, 1843, for all species referred to Phymaturus, and replace the binomial Phymaturus palluma with Centrura flagellifer BELL, 1843. In the current International Code of Zoological Nomenclature (ICZN), published in 1985, Article 70.a requires that “If... a type species is considered to have been misidentified, the case is to be referred to the Commission to designate as the type species whichever nominal species will in its judgment best serve stability and universality of nomenclature, either the nominal species named in fixation, regardless of misidentification; or, by the use of the plenary power [Art. 7a].” Cei (1993) stated that the 1985 ICZN was published after the 1985 work of Cei and Lescure. He designated Phymaturus palluma sensu GRAVENHORST, 1837 (non Lacerta palluma MOLINA, 1782) as the type species of Phymaturus and, because Gravenhorst’s Phymaturus palluma is the same as Callopistes flagellifer BELL, 1843, he employed the binomial Phymaturus flagellifer. Although we do not dispute the assertion that the species described by Molina (1782) as Lucerta palluma is not the species that has been known as Phymaturus palluma for over a century, we believe our best course is to continue to use this name until the matter has been resolved by the Commission according to the requirements of Article 70.5 of the 1985 ICZN. BIBLIOGRAPHY Abdala, F., F. Lobo, and G. Scrocchi. 1997. Patterns of ossification in the skeleton of Liolaemus quilmes (Iguania: Tropiduridae). Amphibia-Reptilia 18: 75-83. Achaval, F. 1977. Lista comentada de los reptiles que habitan en la zona de influencia de la represa de Salto Grande. Seminario Medio Ambiente y Represas, Montevideo 1: 173-181. 11 Achaval, F. 1976. Lista de las especies de vertebrados del Uruguay. Museo Nacional de la Historia Natural, Montevideo, Publicaciones Extra 13: 1-53. Acosta, J. C., L. J. Avila, and G. Blanco. 1996. Ecologia de Liolaemus boulengeri (Sauria: Tropiduridae) en el noroeste de la estepa patag6nica (Ing. Jacobacci, Rio Negro, Argentina). Cuadernos de Herpetologia 9(2): 100- 107. - examined distribution of body size, daily activity, and diet in Liolaemus boulengeri. Acosta, J. C., G. Blanco, and L. J. Avila. 1996. Organizacién espacial de una comunidad de saurios del sur de la provincia de Rio Negro, Argentina. Facena 12: 145-149. Acosta, J. C. and F. Muria. 1997. Geographic distribution. Liolaemus pseudoanomalus. Herpetological Review 28(1): 51. - record from San Juan Province, Deptamento Ullum, 12 km W San [sic? = San Juan] City on Loma de las Tapias Hill. Extends range approximately 67 km from Médanos Grandes, Departamento Caucete. Acosta, J. C. and F. Murta. 2000. Geographic distribution. Liolaemus riojanus. Herpetogical Review 31(1): 53.. - New record from San Juan Province. Acosta, J. C., F. Murtia, and G. Ortiz. 1996. Geographic distribution. Liolaemus olongasta. Herpetogical Review 27(1): 32. - new record from San Juan Province, Departamento de Zonda. Acosta, J. C., F. Murda, and G. Ortiz. 1996. Primera cita de Liolaemus wiegmanni (Sauria: Tropiduridae) para la provincia de San Juan, Argentina. Cuadernos de Herpetologia 10(1-2): 74-75. - new records from the departments of San Martin and Angaco (San Juan province), with notes on habitats and sympatric reptiles. Ahl, E. 1925. Neue Iguaniden aus dem Zoologischen Museum Berlin. Zoologischer Anzeiger 62 (3/4): 85-88. p. 88 - t.d. Liolaemus gleischi. Alay, F. and R. Sotomayor. 1971. Morfogénesis del complejo epifisial en Liolaemus gravenhorsti (Gray): Iguanidae. Boletin del Museo Nacional de Historia Natural Chile 32: 191-199. Albino, M. A. 1994. Estado actual del registrado de escamados extinguidos de America del Sur y sus implicacias paleoambientales. Cuadernos de Herpetologia 8(1): 146-154. p. 150 - iguanid fossils from southern Patagonia are probably related to the Liolaemus group. Alvarez, B. B. and M. L. Lions. 1996. Geographic distribution. Liolaemus wiegmanni. Herpetological Review Zi) 2 32: - record from Paraguay on Isla Yacyreta. Alvarez, B. B., M. E. Tedesco, and A. B. Hernando. 1988. Nota preliminar sobre la composicion y distribucion de la lacertofauna de Corrientes, Chaco y Formosa (Argentina). Revista de la Asociacion de Ciencias Naturales de Litoral 19(1): 79-89. p. 85 - localities for Liolaemus chacoensis in northeastern Santiago del Estero and western Chaco provinces. Amaral, A. do. 1938. Estudos sobre lacertilios neotropicos. 4. Lista remissiva dos lacertilios do Brasil. Memorias del Instituto Butantan 11(1937): 167-204+i-ix. p. 178 - lists Liolaemus gleischi; p. 179 - lists L. occipitalis and L. wiegmannii. Andersson, L. G. 1898. List of reptiles and batrachians collected by the Swedish Expedition to Tierra del Fuego (1895- 1896) under direction of Dr. Otto Nordenskidld. Ofversigt af K. Vetenskaps-Akademiens Forhanfingar 1898(7): 457-462. p. 461 - Liolaemus Gravenhorsti reported from Rio Grande; L. Bibroni from Patagonia; L. magellanicus from Rio Grande, Coyle, and Puerto Gallegos; L. lineomaculatus from Puerto Gallegos and Santa Cruz; L. Fitzingeri from Puerto Madryn. Andersson, L. G. 1908. A remarkable new gecko from South-Africa and a new Stenocercus-species from South- America in the Natural Museum in Wiesbaden. Jahrbiicher des Nassauichen Vereins fiir Naturkunde 61: 299-306. p. 302 - Liolaemus signifer, p. 303 - L. cyanogaster and L. lativittatus. Andrews, R. M. 1998. Geographic variation in field body temperatures of Sceloporus lizards. Journal of Thermal Biology 23: 329-334. p. 333 - suggests that a comprehensive review of the thermal biology of Liolaemus would provide an interesting contrast with that found for Sceloporus. Aquino, A. L., N. J. Scott, and M. Motte. 1996. Lista de anfibios y reptiles del Museo Nacional de Historia Natural del Paraguay (marzo 1980 - septiembre 1995). Pp. 331-400, in: MNHNP, Colecciones de fauna y flora del Museo Nacional de Historia Natural del Paraguay. Ministerio de Agricultura y Ganaderia, Asuncién, Paraguay. 12 - locality reference for Liolaemus chacoensis at Estancia La Gama, Departamento Boqueron, Paraguay. Arana, M. 1983. Paisaje y medio ambiente. Algunas consideraciones sobre las area costera en el Uruguay. Pg. 123, in: Consejo Latinoamericano de Ciencias y Social, Buenos Aires (ed.), Medio Ambiente y Turismo. Arnold, E. N. 1984. Variation in the cloacal and hemipenial muscles in lizards and its bearing on their relationships. Symposia of the Zoological Society of London 52: 47-85. p. 74 - Ctenoblepharis and Liolaemus said to have a strongly developed fleshy insertion on the sides of the hemipenis base, and this is discernable, albeit weaker, in...Phymaturus; p. 81 - Observations based on Liolaemus multiformis, Phymaturus palluma, and a specimen of Liolaemus misidentified as Ctenoblepharys adspersus (pers. comm.). Arnold, E. N. 1988. Caudal autotomy as a defense. Pp. 135-273, in: C. Gans and R. B. Huey (eds.), Biology of the Reptilia, Volume 16: Ecology B, Defense and Life History. Alan R. Liss, New York, xi+659 pp. p. 243 - broken tails are more common in climbing than in ground-dwelling species: cites Jaksic and Fuentes (1980) for Chilean Liolaemus. Arujo, A. F.B. 1991. Structure of a white sand-dune lizard community of coastal Brazil. Revista Brasileira de Biologia 51(4): 857-865. [1992] - Liolaemus lutzae is a member of the lizard community of Barra de Marica. Aun, L. and R. Martori. 1998. Reproduccién y dieta de Liolaemus koslowskyi Etheridge 1993. Cuadernos de Herpetologia 12(1): 1-9. Avery, R. A. 1982. Field studies of body temperatures and thermoregulation. Pp. 94-166, in: C. Gans and F. H. Pough (eds.), Biology of the Reptilia, Volume 12: Physiology C, Physiological Ecology. Academic Press, New York, xvi+536 pp. p. 101 - table of species with relatively high, constant body temperature: cites Fuentes and Jaksic (1979) for eight Chilean species of Liolaemus and Pearson (1954) and Pearson and Bradford (1976) for L. multiformis. Avery, W. W. and D. F. Tanner. 1982. Buccal floor of reptiles, a summary. Great Basin Naturalist 42(3): 273-349. p. 278 - cite Gandolfi (1908) for Liolaemus tongue. Avila, L. J. 1995. Nuevas localidades para Liolaemus saxatilis y comentarios sobre su distribucién. Facena 11: 105- 108. Avila, L. J. 1996. Geographic distribution. Liolaemus bibroni. Herpetological Review 27(2): 87. - first record for Departamento Calingasta, San Juan Province. Avila, L. J. 1996. Liolaemus donosobarrosi: ampliacién de su distribuci6n geografica y primera cita para la provincia de Neuquén. Cuadernos de Herpetologia 9(2): 109-110. - first record for Neuquén Province, Departamento Zapala at Cerro Bandera. Avila, L. J. 1996. Liolaemus elongatus petrophilus: ampliacién de su distribucién geografica y primera cita para la provincia de Neuquén. Facena 12: 139-140. - new species from Isla Yacireta is similar to Liolaemus wiegmannii. Avila, L. J. and J. C. Acosta. 1993. Notas sobre el comportamiento de Liolaemus darwini (Sauria: Tropiduridae) en el sur de la Provincia de Mendoza. Facena 10: 57-61. - diet consists primarily of ants and beetles. Avila, L. J. and J.C. Acosta. 1996. Evaluacién del estado de conservacién de la fauna de saurios anfisbenidos y anfibios de la provincia de Cérdoba (Argentina). Facena 12: 77-92. Avila, L. J., J. C. Acosta, and A. F. Murnia. 1998. Herpetofauna de la provincia de San Juan, Argentina: lista comentada y distribucién geografica. Cuadernos de Herpetologia 12(1): 11-29. - listed are Phymaturus flagellifer, P. punae, Liolaemus anomalus, L. bibroni, L. boulengeri, L. chacoensis, L. darwinii, L. eleodori, L. elongatus elongatus, L. fitzgeraldi, L. gracilis, L. laurenti, L. olongasta, L. pseudoanomalus, L. riojanus, L. sanjuanensis, L. uspallatensis, and L. wiegmannii. Avila, L. J., J. M. Cei, R. A. Martori, and J. A. Acosta. 1992. A new species of Liolaemus of the bibroni group from granitic ravines of Achiras, Sierra de Comechingones, Cérdoba, Argentina (Reptilia, Tropiduridae). Bollettino del Museo Regionale di Scienze Naturali, Torino 10(1): 101-111. p- 103 - t.d. Liolaemus saxatilis. Avila, L. J. and F. Lobo. 1999. New lizard records for La Rioja and Catamarca Provinces, northwestern Argentina. Herpetological Review 30(2): 115-117. p- 116 — northern range extension for Liolaemus elongatus in Catamarca Province, many new records for L robertmertensi, and a new record for L. bitaeniatus from Catamarca Province. 13 Avila, L. J. and M. Mariana. 1998. Geographic distribution. Liolaemus melanops. Herpetological Review 29(3): 174-175. p. 174 - new record for La Pampa Province, Argentina. Avila, L. J., M. Morando, and D. R. Perez. 1999. Geographic distribution. Phymaturus patagonica. Herpetological Review 30(3): 174. - northern record for Argentina in Rio Negro Province. Avila, L. J., J. W. Priotto, and M. Morando. 1997. Geographic distribution. Liolaemus saxatilis. Herpetological Review 28(2): 96. - first record for San Luis Province in Departamento Coronel Pringles (10 km west of La Toma); a western range extension of ca. 75 km from the type locality. Avila, L. J. and E. Soto. 1997. Geographic distribution. Liolaemus fitzgeraldi. Herpetological Review 28(2): 96. - first record for Regién IV—Coquimbo, Chile (3300 m) which extends the range 150 km north from type locality. Barbosa, O. R. and C. A. Mandarim de Lacerda. 1991. Relative size of the hearts in Liolaemus lutzae Mertens 1938 (Sauria: Tropiduridae). Annales de Sciences Naturelles-Zoologie et Biologie Animale 12(4): 191-196. Barbosa, O. R., A. M. D. Silva, and C. A. Mandarim de Lacerda. 1993. Compared morphology of the heart and major vessels in lizards of the Tropiduridae family from the Restinga de Barra de Marica, Rio de Janeiro. Anais Da Academia Brasilera de Ciéncias 65(4): 413-426. Barbour, T. 1909. Some new South American cold-blooded vertebrates. Proceedings of the New England Zoological Club 4: 47-52. p. 51 - t.d. Liolaemus alticolor. Barbour, T. 1921. Ona small collection of reptiles from Argentina. Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 34: 139-142. p. 139 - t.d. Phymaturus spurcus. Bartholomew, G. A. 1959. Photoperiodism in reptiles. Publications of the American Association for the Advancement of Science 1959(55): 669-676. Bartholomew, G. A. 1982. Physiological control of body temperature. Pp. 167-211, in: C. Gans and F. H. Pough (eds.), Biology of the Reptilia, Volume 12: Physiology C, Physiological Ecology. Academic Press, New York, Xvi+536 pp. p. 181 - cites Pearson (1977) for Liolaemus multiformis heating in sunlight. Baudoin, W., M. J. Pacheco, and L. Pacheco. 1990. Reptiles. Pp. 421-452, in: E. Forno and M. Boudoin (eds.), Historia natural de un valle en los Andes: La Paz. Servicio Grafico Quipus, La Paz, xii+559 pp. p. 429 - Liolaemus alticolor alticolor, L. a. walkeri, L. forsteri, and L. multiformis, p. 431 - color photos of L. alticolor and L. a. walker; p. 436 - color photos of L. multiformis; p. 430-33 - ecology and distribution of L. alticolor (4000-4800 m); p. 433-37 - ecology and distribution of L. a. walkeri (3000-3800 m); p. 437-39 - ecology and distribution of L. multiformis (4300-4800 m). Bauer, A.M. 1993. African-South American relationships: a perspective from the Reptilia. Pp. 244-288, in: P. Goldblatt (ed.), Biological relationships between Africa and South America. Yale University Press, New Haven. p. 276 - “Africa has no counterparts to the anoles or Liolaemus...” Becak, M. L., W. Becak, L. F. Napolene, and L. Reis. 1973. Contribugdo ao estudo cariotipico e variacao de DNA em Lacertilios. Ciéncia e Cultura (Sao Paulo) (Supl.) 25: 219. Beccaceci, M. D. 1998. Natural Patagonia: Argentina and Chile. Pangaea Press, Saint Paul, Minnesota, xii+124 pp. p. 59 - Liolaemus lizards are the most common reptiles of the Andean-Patagonian region. Bee de Speroni, N. T., M. R. Cabrera, and L. Manca. 1984. Consideraciones sobre la osteologia craneal, hioides, esternén y lengua de Phymaturus palluma (Molina, 1782) (Sauria, Iguanidae). Historia Natural (Corrientes, Argentina) 3(24): 197-212. Bell, T. 1843. Part V, Reptiles. In: C. Darwin (ed. and superint.), The zoology of the voyage of H.M.S. Beagle, under command of Captain Fitzroy, R. N., during the years 1832 to 1836. Smith, Elder & Co., London, vit+55 PP- p. 4-t.d. Proctotretus gracilis; p. 6 - t.d. Proctotretus Bibronii; p. 13 - t.d. Proctotretus Kingii; p. 14 - t.d. Proctotretus Darwinii; p. 25 - t.d. Centrura, Centrura flagellifer. Bellairs, A.d’A. 1957. Reptiles. Hutchinson’s University Library, Biological Sciences, London, 195 pp. p. 133 - Liolaemus can withstand very severe climates in Tierra del Fuego and to 15,000 feet in the mountains of Peru. 14 Bellairs, A.d’A. 1970. The life of reptiles. Volume 1, Universe Books, New York, xi+590 pp. p. 42 - Liolaemus multiformis lives at over 4572 m (15,000 feet) in the Andes of southern Peru; p, 230 — cites Pearson (1954) that L. multiformis can raise its body temperature to 31 °C by basking even though the air temperature is near 0 °C. Bellairs, A. d’A. and J. Attridge. 1975. Repiles. Hutchinson University Library, London. Revised Edition, 240 pp. Bellairs, A. d’A. and S. V. Bryant. 1985. Autotomy and regeneration in reptiles. Pp. 301-410, in: Gans, C. and F. Billett (eds.), Biology of the Reptilia, Volume 15: Development B. John Wiley and Sons, New York, x+729 PP. p. 348 - cite Jaksic and Fuentes (1980) for 77.2% incidence of autotomy in Liolaemus nigroviridis. Bellairs, A. d’A. and A. M. Kamal. 1981. The chondrocranium and the development of the skull in Recent reptiles. Pp. 1-263, in: C. Gans and T. S. Parsons (eds.), Biology of the Reptilia, Volume 11: Morphology F. Academic Press, New York, xii-475 pp. p.86 - cite Born (1879) for nasal capsule of Liolaemus pictus. Beltrami, M and S. J. Iturri. 1994. Seasonal variations in intestinal uptake of nutrients in the Chilean lizard Liolaemus nitidus (Iguanidae). The effect of thyroxine (T-4). Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology 107A(3): 581-587. Berg, C. 1884. Reptiles. /n: C. L. Holmberg, Viajes al La Tandil, and a La Tinta (eds.), Acta Acad. Cérdoba 5: 93- 96. Berg, C. 1898. Contribuciones a conocimiento de la fauna erpetoldgica argentina y de los paises limitrofes. Anales del Muso Nacional de Historia Natural de Buenos Aires 6(2°; 3): 1-35. p. 4 - Liolaemus chilensis from Neuquén; p. 5 - L. cyanogaster from Neuquén; p. 6 - L. Fitzingeri from Patagonia and Catamarca; considers L. melanops a synonym. Berg, C. 1901. Herpetological notes. Comunicaciones del Museo Nacional de Buenos Aires 1(8): 289-291. Bertolotto, C. E. V. 1999. Uniformidade e variabilidade cariotipica em 14 epécies de lagartos das familias Polychrotidae e Tropiduridae. Dissertagao (Mestrado) Instituto de Biociencias, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, 178 pp. Bertolotto, C. E. V.,M. T. Rodrigues, G. Skuk, and Y. Yonenaga-Yassuda. 1996. Comparative cytogenetic analysis with differential staining in three species of Liolaemus (Squamata, Tropiduridae). Hereditas 125(2-3): 257-264. - Liolaemus alticolor 2n = 30, 12M + 18m; L. capillitas 2n = 32, 12M + 20m; L. platei curicense 2n = 34, 12M+22m; L. nigromaculatus 2n = 40, 16M + 24m; L. platei platei 2n = 42, 16M + 26M; L. m. monticola 2n = 38, 14M + 24m or 2n = 39, 15M + 24m or 2n = 40, 16M + 24m; Liolaemus occipitalis, L. lutzae and L. wiegmannii have 2n = 34 chromosomes, with similar karyotypes and XX-XY sex determination; banding patterns are reported. Pair 7 of L. lutzae is acrocentric, contra Gorman et al. (1967) who described it as metacentric. Bertonatti, C. 1994. Lista propuesta de anfibios y reptiles amenazados de extincién. Cuadernos de Herpetologia 8(1): 164-171. p. 169 - lists Liolaemus altissimus, L. coeruleus, L. duellmani, L. exploratorum, L. kingii, L. rabinoi, L. sanjuanensis, and L. uspallatensis as potentially endangered in Argentina. Bertoni, A. de Winkelried. 1914. Fauna Paraguaya. Catdlogos sistematicos de los vertebrados del Paraguay. Asuncién 1-86. Blackburn, D. G. 1982. Evolutionary origins of viviparity in the Reptilia. I. Sauria. Amphibia-Reptilia 3: 185-205. p- 187-188 - cites Donoso-Barros (1966) that among the Liolaemus for which reproductive data are available, most are live bearing. Phymaturus is soley viviparous, Ctenoblepharys nigriceps is viviparous, and C. reichei is Oviparous. Blackburn, D. G. 1985. Evolutionary origins of viviparity in the Reptilia. II. Serpentes, Amphisbaenia, and Ichthyosauria. Amphibia-Reptilia 5: 259-291. p. 271-272 - Vilcunia is viviparous (fide Cei and Scolaro, 1971), and may represent another independent origin of viviparity within the Iguanidae. Blackburn, D. G. 1994. Discrepant usage of the term ‘ovoviviparity’ in the herpetological literature. Herpetological Journal 4: 65-72. - Suggests that squamates with prolonged egg retention such as Liolaemus tenuis (Lemus et al. 1981) should be referred to as oviparous or as oviparous with egg retention. Blackburn, D. G. 1994. Standardized criteria for the recognition of embryonic nutritional patterns in squamate reptiles. Copeia 1994(4): 925-935. 15 - measuring change in egg mass over the course of incubation (e.g., Lemus et al. 1984 for Liolaemus tenuis) is a relatively unreliable means of determining embryonic nutritional patterns in squamate reptiles. Blackburn, D. G. 1995. Saltationist and punctuated equilibrium models for the evolution of viviparity and placentation. Journal of Theoretical Biology 174: 199-216. - appendix includes embryonic stage at deposition for Liolaemus tenuis from Lemus et al. (1981). Blackburn, D. G. 1998. Reconstructing the evolution of viviparity and placentation. Journal of Theoretical Biology 192: 183-190. - cites Ramirez Pinilla and Laurent (1996) for reproductive bimodality in Liolaemus alticolor and Espinoza [sic] et al. (1996, and pers. comm.) that the oviparous and viviparous forms are distinct species. Blair, W. F., A. C. Hulse, and M. A. Mares. 1976. Origins and affinities of vertebrates of the North American Sonoran Desert and the Monte Desert of northwestern Argentina. Journal of Biogeography 3: 1-18. p. 4 - Liolaemus darwini, L. goetschi, L. gracilis, L. marmoratus, L. robertmertensi, and three undescribed species are endemic to the Monte biotope. Blancas, S. F. 1959. Comunidades y campos de vida de Acolla y sus alrededores (Provincia de Jauja, Departamento de Junin) con estudio especial de los vertebrados. Memorias del Museo de Historia Natural “Javier Prado” 7: 160 pp. p. 73-74 - Liolaemus lemniscatus. Blob, R. W. 1998. Evaluation of vent-position from lizard skeletons for estimation of snout-vent length and body mass. Copeia 1998(3): 792-801. p. 799 - Liolaemus alticolor and Phymaturus patagonicus included in study. Boettger, O. 1885. Liste von Reptilien un Batrachiern aus Paraguay. Zeitschrift fiir Naturwissemshaft 58: 213, 148. Boettger, O. 1885. Bertchitgung der Liste von Reptilien und Amphibien am Paraguay. Zeitschrift fiir Naturwissenschaft 58: 436-437. Boettger, O. 1891. Reptilien und Batrachier aus Bolivia. Zoologischer Anzeiger 14: 343-347. p. 344 - t.d. Liolaemus lenzi. Boettger, O. 1893. Katalog der Reptilien-Sammlung im Museum der Senckenbergischen Naturforschended Gesellschaft im Frankfurt am Maim. I. Teir (Rhynchocephalen, Shildkréten, Krocodile, Eidechsen, Chamidleons). Gebriider, Knauer, Frankfurt a. M. 1-140. p. 61 - lists Liolaemus chilensis, L. lenzi, L. tenuis, and L. wiegmanni. Bogert, C.M. 1975. How reptiles regulate their body temperature. Pg. 245, in: Readings from Scientific American: Vertebrate structure and function. N. H. Freeman and Co., San Francisco, CA. Bohler, E. and P. Miiller. 1970. Bemerkungen zur Variabilitat von Liolaemus occipitalis. Salamandra 6(3/4): 130- igiil p. 130 - variation in scale counts around midbody and number of femoral pores is bimodally distributed; scale counts range in both sexes = 65-76; femoral pores 6-9 (n = 41 females and 23 males). Bohme, W. 1988. Zur Genitalmorphologie der Sauria: functionelle und stammesgeschichtliche Aspekte. Bonner Zoologische Monographien 27: 1-176. Born, G. 1879. Die Nasenhohlen und der Thrénennasengang der amnioten Wirbelthier. I. Morphologisches Jahrbuch 5: 62-140. - describes nasal capsule of Liolaemus pictus. Bosso, A., J. C. Chebez, E. Haene, and M. J. Solis. 1990. Notas sobre los anfibios y reptiles de la selva de Montiel, Dept. Federal, Prov. de Entre Rios, Argentina. Amphibia - Reptilia (Conservacién). Fundacion Viada Silvestre Argentina 1(6): 120-124. Bottari, C. V. 1975. Poblaciones altitudinarias aisladas de Liolaemus elongatus del Volcan Payun Liso relaciones taxoserolégicas y biogeograficas con el conjunto elongatus-austromendocinus del Sureste arido de Mendoza. Deserta (Mendoza) 4(1973-74): 185-194. Bottari, C. V. 1975. Sobre la presencia de Liolaemus magellanicus en Tierra del Fuego, Argentina (Reptilia Iguanidae). Physis (Buenos Aires) (C) 34(89): 211-213. Bottari, C. V. 1975. Curiosa distribucidn de nuevas nichus ecoldgicos de origen, antrdpico en los saurios de ambientes costeros del Chubut, Argentina. Physis (Buenos Aires) (C) 34(88): 111-112. - Liolaemus fitzingerii studied. Boulenger, G. A. 1885. Catalogue of the lizards in the British Museum (Natural History). Second Edition, London, 2: xili+497 pp. p. 136 - Ctenoblepharis, C. adspersus; p. 137 - Helocephalus, H. nigriceps; p. 138-140 - Liolaemus, key to 16 22 species; p. 144 - t.d. Liolaemus fuscus; p. 149 - t.d. Liolaemus lineomaculatus; p. 152 - t.d. Liolaemus pictus Var. major; p. 184 - Phymaturus, P. palluma. Boulenger, G. A. 1885. A list of reptiles and batrachians from the province Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, xt to the Natural-History Museum by Dr. H. von Ihering. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, London (5)15(87): 191-196. p. 191 - t.d. Liolaemus occipitalis. Boulenger, G. A. 1885. Remarks on the geographical distribution of the Lacertilia. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, London (5)16(92): 77-85. p. 80 - Liolaemus magellanicus has penetrated to the Straits of Magellan. Boulenger, G. A. 1886. A synopsis of the reptiles and batrachians of the province Rio Grande do Sul Brazil. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, London (5)18(108): 423-445. p. 425 - Liolaemus included in key to iguanid genera of the region; p. 426 - L. occipitalis listed. Boulenger, G. A. 1891. Description of a new lizard of the genus Ctenoblepharis from Chili. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1891(1): 3. p. 3 - t.d. Ctenoblepharis jamesi. Boulenger, G. A. 1892. Mr. Boulenger exhibited an Iguana with reproduced tail, and made the following remarks. Proceeding of the Zoological Society of London [1891] 4: 466-467. p. 467 - some Liolaemus have reproduced tails that are striped; regenerated tails of Liolaemus have quincuncially arranged scales. Boulenger, G. A. 1895. Second report on additions to the lizard collection in the Natural-History Museum. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1894(4): 722-736. p. 723 - lists Ctenoblepharis jamesii from Tarapaca, Chile. Boulenger, G. A. 1898. A list of the reptiles and batrachians collected by the late Prof. L. Balzan in Bolivia. Annali Museo Civico di Storia Naturale Genova (2)19: 128-133. p. 128 - Liolaemus multiformis listed from Chililaya on Lake Titicaca. Boulenger, G. A. 1899. Part III, Reptiles. Pp. 1-390, in: E. A. FitzGerald (ed.), The highest Andes. Methuen and Co., London. p. 355 - Phymaturus palluma listed from Puente del Inca (8930 feet); t.d. and figure Liolaemus fitzgeraldi from Puente del Inca (8930 feet); L. nigromaculatus listed from Tupungato Valley. Boulenger, G. A. 1901. Further descriptions of new reptiles collected by Mr. P. O. Simons in Peru and Bolivia. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, London (7)7(42): 546-549. p. 546 - t.d. Liolaemus annectens. Boulenger, G. A. 1902. Descriptions of new batrachians and reptiles from the Andes of Peru and Bolivia. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, London (7)10(59): 394-402. p. 397 - t.d. Liolaemus tropidonotus; p. 398 - t.d. Liolaemus Simonsii. Brenner, W. 1971. Terrestrial leguan of the genus Liolaemus. Monatsschrift fiir Ornithologie und Vivarienkunde Ausgabe B. Aquarien Terrarien 18(12): 381. Brygoo, E.R. 1989. Les types d’Iguanidés (Reptiles, Sauriens) du Muséum national d’ Histoire naturelle Catalogue critique. Bulletin Museum National d’ Historie Naturelle (Paris) Ser. 4(11), Sec. A(3) supplement: 1-112. - lists types and paratypes in the Paris Museum; quotes type localities and cites references to taxonomic decisions: p. 13 - Oplurus Bibronii (= Phymaturus palluma); p. 16 - Liolaemus bolivianus (= L. signifer); p. 25 - Proctotretus chilensis Var. A & B, D&B (non Lesson) (Var. A = Liolaemus nitidus Wiegmann 1835 + Var. B = Liolaemus chiliensis Lesson 1826 - Calotes chiliensis = Liolaemus chiliensis); p. 29 - L. coeruleus; p. 33 - L. variabilis Var. Courtyi = L. multiformis multiformis; p. 34 - L. variabilis Var. Crequii = L. multiformis multiformis, p. 35 - Proctotretus cyanogaster = L. c. cyanogaster; p. 46 - Proctotretus Fitzingerii var. A = L. signifer; Proctotretus Fitzingerii var. B = L. kingii (part), L. f. fitzingerii (part); p. 50 - L. archeforus gallardoi; p. 51 - P. gracilis; p. 56 - Proctotretus intermedius = L. c. cyanogaster, p. 59 - P. Kingii; p. 65 - P. Magellanicus; p. 70 - P. Mocquardi (scale drawings); p. 71 - Proctoretus mosaicus = Liolaemus lemniscatus; p. 72 - P. multimaculatus; p. 73 - Proctotretus variabilis Var. Neveui = Liolaemus multiformis multiformis, p. 76 - L. pantherinus (scale drawings); p. 79 - P. pictus; p. 81 - L. pulcher (scale drawings) = L. ornatus; p. 92 - P. Signifer, L. silvai; p. 96 - P. tenuis; p. 102 - L. velosoi; p. 104 - P. Wiegmanni. Bucher, R. 1980. Ecologia de la fauna chaquefia. Una revisién. Ecosur 7(14): 119-159. i Bujes, C. L. and L. Verrastro. 1998. Observacdes sobre o comportamento de Liolaemus occipitalis em cativeiro (Sauria, Tropiduridae). Revista Brasileira de Zoolgia 15(4):,907-912. Burghardt, G. M. and S. Rand. 1982. Introduction. Pp. 1-4, in: G. M. Burghardt and S. Rand (eds.), Iguanas of the world: their behavior, ecology and conservation. Noyes Publications, Park Ridge, New Jersey, xix+472 pp. p. 1 - Liolaemus, unlike the iguanas, has radiated widely. Burmeister, C. V. 1888. Algunas noticias sobre la fauna de la Patagonia. Anals del Museo Buenos Aires 3: 237- 2s p. 252 - t.d. Liolaemus melanops. Burmeister, H. 1861. Reise durch die La Plata Staaten mit besonderer Riicksicht auf die physische Beschaffenheit und den Culturzustand der Argentinische Republik. Ausgefiihrt in den Jahren 1857, 1858, 1859 und 1860... Halle: H. W. Schmidt, 2: iv+538 pp. p. 524 - t.d. Leiosaurus (Helocephalus) marmoratus; p. 525 - listed: Centrura, C. flagellifer, Proctotretus Wiegmanni. Burt, C. E. and M. D. Burt. 1930. The South American lizards in the collection of the United States National Museum. Proceedings of the United States National Museum 78(6): 1-52. Burt, C. E. and M. D. Burt. 1931. South American lizards in the collection of the American Museum of Natural History. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 61(7): 227-395. Burt, C. E. and M. D. Burt. 1933. A preliminary check list of the lizards of South America. Transactions of the Academy of Science of St. Louis 28(1): v+104 pp. p. 30-38 - lists Liolaemus. Bustos Obregon, E. and V. Leyton. 1978. Testicular differentiation in a viviparous lizard (Liolaemus gravenhorsti). Anatomical Record 190(20): 352-353. Cabot Nieves, J. and P. Serrano Priego. 198?. Biometria y biologia de Liolaemus multiformis (Iguanidae). Revista de la Academia Nacional de Ciencias de Bolivia 5: 17-41. - Liolaemus multiformis live in burrows excavated by other vertebrates; males are larger and more pigmented than females; they are omnivorous, consuming more plant matter as they increase in body size; females produce an average of 5.2 offspring which remain with the adults for two months after parturition. Cabrera, A. L. and A. Willink. 1980. Biogeografia de America Latina. Secretaria General de la Organizacién de los Estados Americanos (OEA), Departamento de Asuntos Cientificos y Technoldgicos, Monografia 13 (Serie de Biologia), 122 pp. - mentions Liolaemus in the desert and central Chile. Cabrera, M.R. 1991. Aportes a la convalidacién genérica de Ceiolaemus Laurent (Reptilia: Iguanidae). Resimenes, VU Joma! Cientifico Social Biologia, Cérdoba, C14. Cabrera, M.R. 1992. Dentici6n y su relacidn con la dieta y el ambiente en tres iguanidos sudamericanos. Acta Zooldgica Lilloana 41: 235-246. p. 239 - describes the teeth of Liolaemus anomalus ditadai. Cabrera, M.R. 1993. Los saurios del espinal y su presencia en provincias biogeographicas vencinas. Revista del Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales “Bernardino Rivadavia” e Instituto Nacional de Investigaci6n de las Ciencias Naturales (Ecologia) 4(2): 17-34. p. 23-24 - table | lists three Ceiolaemus, 18 Liolaemus, and three Phymaturus from these regions; p. 27 — lists phytogeographic endemics: Ceiolaemus a. anomalus, C. marmoratus, Liolaemus cuyanus, L. donosobarrosi, and L. multimaculatus riojanus from the Monte region, and L. chacoensis from the Chaquena region. Cabrera, M.R. 1996. Lista y distribucidn geogrdafica de saurios, anfisbenas y tortugas (Amniota, Reptilia) de la provincia de Cérdoba. Pp. 215-238, in: I. E. di Tada and E. H. Bucher (eds.), Biodiversidad de Provincia Cérdoba. I. Fauna. Universidad Nacional de Rio Cuarto, Rio Cuarto, Cordoba. p. 219 - lists Ceiolaemus anomalus ditadai, Liolaemus bitaeniatus, L. chacoensis, L. darwinii, L. saxatilis, and L. wiegmannii. Cabrera, M. R. and N. T. Bee de Speroni. 1986. Composicién y distribucién de la lacertofauna de la provincia de Cérdoba, Argentina. Il. Amphisbaenidae, Anguidae e Iguanidae. Historia Natural (Corrientes, Argentina) 6(1): 1- 12. p. 5 - Ceiolaemus anomalus ditadai from near the Catamarca border; Liolaemus (Liolaemus) bitaeniatus in 18 the Regi6n de Pastizales and Bosquecillos de Altura; Liolaemus (Eulaemus) chacoensis in chaquenas Oriental and Occidental, Bosque Serrano and Romerillal and also at Salinas Grandes; p. 6 - Liolaemus (Ortholaemus) wiegmanni in the Espinal, Pampean Steppe, and part of the Bosque Serrano. Camp, C. L. 1923. Classification of the lizards. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 48(11): 289- 482. p. 365 - pterygoid teeth occur in Phymaturus and some Liolaemus and Ctenoblepharis, p. 379 - rectus superficialis muscle absent in Liolaemus multiformis, p. 401 - femoral pores present in Liolaemus, Ctenoblepharis, and Phymaturus; p. 403 - femoral pores present only in males of Phymaturus. Carothers, J. H. 1987. Aspects of the ecology of lizards of the genus Liolaemus in the central Chilean cordilleras. Unpublished Doctoral Dissertation, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California. Carothers. J. H., S. F. Fox, P. A. Marquet, and F. M. Jaksic. 1997. Thermal characteristics of ten Andean lizards of the genus Liolaemus in central Chile. Revista Chilena de Historia Natural 70: 297-309. Carothers, J. H. and F. M. Jaksic. 1984. Time as a niche difference: the role of interference competition. Oikos 42: 403-406. Carothers, J. H., P. A. Marquet, and F. M. Jaksic. 1998. Thermal ecology of Liolaemus assemblage along an altitudinal gradient in Chile. Revista Chilena de Historia Natural 7: 39-50. Carpenter, C. C. and G. W. Ferguson. 1977. Variation and evolution of stereotyped behavior in reptiles. Pp. 335- 554, in: C. Gans and D. W. Tinkle (eds.), Biology of the Reptilia, Volume 7: Ecology and Behaviour A. Academic Press, New York, xvi+720 pp. p. 479 - appendix for references: cite Pearson (1954) for Liolaemus multiformis and Darwin (1854) for L. multimaculatus. Carrillo de Espinoza, N. 1970. Contribucién al conocimiento de los reptiles de Peri (Squamata, Crocodilia, Testudinata: Reptilia). Publicaciones del Museo de Historia Natural “Javiero Prado,” Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Serie A, Zoologia 22: 1-63. p. 68 - Liolaemus multiformis multiformis. Carrillo de Espinoza, N. and J. Icochea. 1995. Lista taxondémica preliminar de los reptiles vivientes del Peru. Publicaciones del Museo de Historia Natural “Javiero Prado,” Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Serie A, Zoologia 49: 1-27. p. 9 - lists Ctenoblepharis adspersa, Liolaemus alticolor, L. annectens; p. 10 - lists L. insolitus, L. ornatus, L. ortizi, L. pantherinus, L. polystictus, L. robustus, L. signifer, L. tacnae, L. walkeri, L. williamsi, and Phrynosaura stolzmani. Castro, M. P. and L. P. Castro. 1978. Aspectos estructurales e histolégicos del “patch” o parche femoral de escamas abultadas, caracter morfol6gio ambisexual propio de algunas especies del género Liolaemus (Reptilia, Lacertilia, Iguanidae). Publicaciones Ocasionales del Instituto Biologia Animal, Universidad Nacional de Cuyo, Serie Cientifica 6: 1-3. - histological studies of the femoral patch of enlarged scales found in some Liolaemus show no glandular or secretory structures, only enlarged scales and hypertrophied muscles observed in both sexes, especially males. Castro, P., G. Macola, and J. Garcia Saez. 1980. Prospeccién preliminar de la herpetofauna de la Sierra Pie de Palo. Restimenes, IV Jornadas de Investigaciones, Universidad Nacional de Cuyo, Mendoza, 12. Cavicchia T. and J. Miranda. 1988. The blood-testis barner in lizards during the annual spermatogenic cycle. Microscopia Electronica Celular 12(1): 73-87. Ceballos de Bruno, S. 1995. Algunos parametros hematolégicos en Liolaemus wiegmannii (Sauria: Tropiduridae). Numero de eritrocitos, nimero de leucocitos y férmula leucocitaria. Morfologia de células sanguineas y de médula 6sea. Cuadernos de Herpetologia 9(1): 51-56. Cei, J. M. 1969. La meseta basdltica de Somuncura, Rio Negro. Herpetofauna endémica y sus peculiares equilibrios biocenéticos. Physis (Buenos Aires) 28(77): 257-271. Cei, J. M. 1970. Primeros apuntes ecolégicos y herpetolégicos sobre el Macizo del Nevado, en Mendoza. Physis (Buenos Aires) 30(80): 301-303. Cei, J. M. 1971. Fluctuaciones biocendticas y relictos herpetoldgicos de la planicie de Lonco-Luan (Neuquén). Acta Zoolégica Lilloana 27(1970): 193-303. Cei, J.M. 1971. Mesete e laghi basaltica della Patagonia exra-andina. L’Universo (Firenze) 51(4): 777-818. Cei, J. M. 1971. Consideraciones sobre las relaciones taxonémicas de Phymaturus patagonicus y Phymaturus palluma. Acta Zooldgica Lilloana 28: 37-46. 19 Cei, J. M. 1971. Herpetologia patagénica. 1. Liolaemus del groupo magellanicus. Caracteristicas taxonémicas y genéticas. Physis (Buenos Aires) 30(81): 417-424. Cei, J. M. 1972. Herpetologia patagénica. 3. Relaciones de afinidad sero-proteinica y filéticas en el género Liolaemus. Physis (Buenos Aires) 31(83): 411-422. Cei, J.M. 1973. Lista de los ejemplares tipos de la coleccién herpetolégica del Instituto de Biologia Animal, Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias de la Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Revista de la Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias 19(1-2): 1- 9. - lists date, localities, and collectors for type specimens of Ctenoblepharis donoso-barrosi, Ct. rabinoi, Liolaemus archeforus, L. austromendocinus, L. ceii, L. elongatus petrophilus, L. ruizleali, L. fitzingeri canqueli, L. fitzingeri melanops, Phymaturus patagonicus indistinctus, P. p. nevadoi, P. p. payuniae, P. p. somuncurensis, P. p. zapalensis, and Vilcunia silvanae. Cei, J. M. 1973. Herpetologia patagénica. VI. Los Liolaemus del grupo fitzingeri en Santa Cruz y Chubut (Sauria, Iguanidae). Physis (Buenos Aires) (C) 32(85): 447-458. p. 447 - first use Liolaemus fitzingeri fitzingeri and L. fitzingeri melanops. Cei, J. M. 1973. Herpetologia patagénica. VII. Notas ecolégicas y morfologicas sobre Liolaemus bibroni y L. boulengeri (Sauria, Iguanidae). Physis (Buenos Aires) (C) 32(85): 459-469. Cei, J. M. 1973. Comentarios sobre una nueva especie Argentina de saurio: Liolaemus emmae Donoso Barros (1970). Boletin Sociedad de Biologia de Concepcion 46: 223-225. - Liolaemus emmae is a junior synonym of L. chacoensis. Cei, J. M. 1974. Two new species of Ctenoblepharis (Reptilia, Iguanidae) from the arid environments of the central Argentina (Mendoza Province). Journal of Herpetology 8(1): 71-75. p. 72 - t.d. Ctenoblepharis donosobarrosi; p. 73 - t.d. Ctenoblepharis rabinoi. Cei, J. M. 1974. Revision of the Patagonian iguanids of the Liolaemus elongatus complex. Journal of Herpetolog 8(3): 219-229. p. 220 - Liolaemus elongatus elongatus is redescribed; p. 224 - L. elongatus petrophilus is discussed; p. 224 - t.d. Liolaemus austromendocinus. Cei, J. M. 1974. Herpetologia patagonica VIII. La altiplancie volcanica entre Primos Pinos y Rio Kilka, Neuquén: notas Herpetoldgicas. Physis (Buenos Aires) (C)33(86): 183-185. - reports Liolaemus elongatus elongatus, L. ceii, and L. lineomaculatus; biogeography of L. lineomaculatus discussed. Cei, J. M. 1975. Herpetologia patagénica. IX. Liolaemus goetschi y el conjunto Liolaemus darwini-boulengeri. Physis (Buenos Aires) (C) 34(89): 199-202. Cei, J. M. 1975. Herpetologia patagonica. X. El conjunto evolutivo de Liolaemus elongatus: andlisis serol6gico. Physis (Buenos Aires) (C) 34(89): 203-208. Cei, J. M. 1975. Liolaemus melanops (Burmeister) and the subspecific status of the Liolaemus fitzingeri group (Sauria, Iguanidae). Journal of Herpetology 9(2): 217-222. p. 220 - t.d. Liolaemus fitzingeri canqueli. Cei, J. M. 1975. Southern patagonian iguanid lizards of the Liolaemus kingi group. Herpetologica 31(1): 109-116. p. 112 - description of Liolaemus archeforus archeforus; p. 113 - L. sarmientoi is a subspecies of L. archeforus. Cei, J. M. 1975. The present taxo-serological work in the field of herpetology at the Instituto Biologia Animal Cuyo University, Mendoza, Argentina. Serological Museum Bulletin 51: 7-8. Cei, J.M. 1975. La Payunia e il paesaggio vulcanico del’Occidente Argentino. Rivista Bimestrale dell’ Istituto Geografico Militare (Firenze) 55(6): 1121-1146. Cei, J. M. 1978. Un grupo de reptiles excepcionalmente adaptados a condiciones de vida en ambientes arenosos y erémicos: los iguanidos Tropidurinos argentinos del grupo “Ortholaemus” (Liolaemus multimaculatus - L. rabinoi). Publicaciones Ocasionales del Instituto de Biologia Animal, Universidad Nacional de Cuyo, Serie Cientifica 7: 1-4. - p. 1 - Ortholaems Girard (1857) is available as a subgenus for Liolaemus multimaculatus plus L. rabinoi. Cei, J. M. 1978. Aspectos correlativos fisiol6gicos de la proteinemia y de las condiciones climaticas del medio ambiente en reptiles. Publicaciones Ocasionales del Instituto de Biologia Animal, Universidad Nacional de Cuyo, Serie Cientifica 3: 1-5. - discusses high protein concentrations in species of Liolaemus, Vilcunia, and Phymaturus as possibly 20 adaptive to cold or mountainous environments. Cei, J. M. 1978. A new species of Liolaemus (Sauria: Iguanidae) from the Andean mountains of the southern Mendoza volcanic region of Argentina. Occasional Papers of the Museum of Natural History, University of Kansas 76: 1-6. p. 1 - t.d. Liolaemus duellmani. Cei, J. M. 1979. The Patagonian herpetofauna. Pp. 309-339, in: W. E. Duellman, The South American herpetofauna: its origin, evolution and dispersal. Monograph of the Museum of Natural History, University of Kansas 7: 1- 485. Cei, J. M. 1979. A reassessment of the genus Crenoblepharis (Reptilia, Sauria, Iguanidae) with a description of a new subspecies of Liolaemus multimaculatus from western Argentina. Journal of Herpetology 13(3): 297-302. p. 298 - Liolaemus donosobarrosi( new combination); p. 299 - t.d. Liolaemus multimaculatus riojanus. Cei, J.M. 1979. Nota preliminar sobre la distribucién geografica de Liolaemus wiegmanni (Dum. et Bibr.) (Sauria, Iguanidae). Publicaciones Ocasionales del Instituto de Biologia Animal, Universidad Nacional de Cuyo, Serie Cientifica 14: 1-4. Cei, J. M. 1979. Remarks on the South American lizard Liolaemus anomolus Koslowsky, and the synonomy of Phrynosaura werneri Miiller (Reptilia, Lacertilia, Iguanidae). Journal of Herpetology 13(2): 183-186. Cei, J. M. 1980. The conspecificity of the iguanid lizard Liolaemus chacoensis Shreve, 1948 and Liolaemus emmae Donoso Barros, 1970. Copeia 1980(4): 936-937. Cei, J. M. 1980. L’identité des syntypes de Proctotretus fitzingeri Duménil et Bibron, 1837. Bulletin Museum National d’ Historie Naturelle (Paris) Ser. 4, A2(1): 317-320. Cei, J. M. 1980. Remarks on taxonomic status and specific characters of Liolaemus marmoratus (Burmeister). Journal of Herpetology 14(2): 192-193. Cei, J. M. 1980. New endemic iguanid lizards from the Famatina Mountains of western Argentina. Journal of Herpetology 14(1): 57-64. p. 58 - t.d. Phymaturus mallimaccii; p. 60 - t.d. Liolaemus famatinae. Cei, J. M. 1980. Nota preliminar sobre la fisonomia faunistica y biogeografica de la Sierra Pie de Palo, provincia de San Juan, Argentina. Historia Natural 1(21): 137-140. p. 139 - an undescribed Liolaemus is endemic to the Sierra. Cei, J.M. 1981. Liolaemus pseudoanomalus a substitute name for Liolaemus marmoratus (Burmeister 1861). Journal of Herpetology 15(2): 253-254. Cei, J. M. 1982. A new endemic lizard from Sierra Pie de Palo in western Argentina. Journal of Herpetology 16(2): 179-182. p. 179 - t.d. Liolaemus sanjuanensis. Cei,J.M. 1982. Aspetti geo-biogeografici inediti della Sierra di Famatina, il pit elevato massiccio d’ America del Sud dopo le cordigliere andine (Argentina centro-occidentale). Rivista Bimestrale dell’Instituto Geografico Militare (Firenze) 62(4): 643-672. - describes habitat of Liolaemus famatinae and Phymaturus mallimaccii; includes color photographs. Cei, J. M. 1982. Reliquias y refugios, al sur del trépico, de la herpetofauna austral pleistocénica sudamericana. Actas VII Congreso Latinamericano, Zoologia, Mérida, Venezuela [1980] 213-221. - discusses location of some species of Liolaemus, Phymaturus, and Vilcunia in Pleistocene refugia in Argentina. Cei, J.M. 1983. Una nueva subespecie de Liolaemus anomalus de la region arida haléfila de Salinas Grandes (Provincia de Cérdoba, Argentina). Deserta (Mendoza) 7: 172-178. p. 173 - t.d. Liolaemus anomalus ditadai. Cei, J. M. 1985. Notas sobre especies de Liolaemus de la meseta de Somuncur4, Rio Negro, y rectificacién de los numeros museoldégicos de los tipos de Liolaemus kingi somuncurae. Boletin de la Asociacién Herpetoldégica Argentina 2(1-2): 15-16. Cei, J. M. 1986. Reptiles del centro, centro-oeste y sur de la Argentina. Herpetofauna de las zonas dridas y semiaridas. Museo Regionale di Scienze Naturali, Torino, Monografie IV: 527 pp. - includes keys, descriptions, distirbutions, and color photos of Liolaemus and Centrura in the region. Cei, J.M. 1990. Further comments on the holotype of Liolaemus ruizleali Donoso-Barros and Cei, 1971 from Patagonia, Argentina (Reptilia, Iguanidae). Bolletino Museo Regionale di Scienze Naturali, Torino 8(1): 45-52. Cei, J. M. 1993. Reptiles del noroeste, nordeste y este de la Argentina. Museo Regionale di Scienze Naturali, Torino, Monografie XIV: 949 pp. 21 - includes keys, descriptions, distributions, and color photos of Liolaemus and Phymaturus in the region. Cei, J.M. 1998. La mélanocéphalie chez les lézards liolaemines et redécouverte de |’holotype de Liolaemus melanops Burmeister, 1888 longtemps considéré comme perdu (Reptilia: Squamata: Iguania: Tropiduridae). Revue Francais de Aquariologie 25(1998) 1-2: 59-62. Cei, J. M. and L. P. Castro. 1973. Taxonomic and serological researches on the Phymaturus patagonicus complex. Journal of Herpetology 7(3): 237-247. p. 241 - t.d. Phymaturus patagonicus indistinctus; p. 242 - t.d. Phymaturus patagonicus somuncurensi, p. 243 - t.d. Phymaturus patagonicus zapalensis; p. 244 - t.d. Phymaturus patagonicus payuniae. Cei, J. M. and L. P. Castro. 1978. Atlas de los vertebrado inferiores de la regidn de Cuyo. Publicaciones Ocasionales del Instituto de Biologia Animal, Universidad Nacional de Cuyo, Serie Cientifica 2: 1-38. Cei, J. M. and L. P. Castro. 1978. Datos preliminares sobre las components de la herpetofauna de la Provincia de San Juan. Publicaciones Ocasionales del Instituto de Biologia Animal, Universidad Nacional de Cuyo, Serie Cientifica 5: 1-4. Cei, J. M., R. Etheridge, and F. Videla. 1983. Especies nuevas de iguanidos del noroeste de la provincia de San Juan (Reserva provincial San Guillermo), Argentina. Deserta (Mendoza) 7: 316-323. p. 317 - t.d. Liolaemus eleodori; p. 320 - t.d. Phymaturus punae. Cei, J. M., B. Lanza, and M. Poggesi. 1975. On the morphology and taxonomy of Ctenoblepharis rabinoi Cei and Liolaemus multimaculatus (Duméril et Bibron) from central and eastern Argentina. Natura (Milano) 66(3-4): 101-113. - Ctenoblepharis rabinoi and Liolaemus multimaculatus are congeneric species, provisionally allocated to Ctenoblephris; includes color photos. Cei, J. M. and J. Lescure. 1985. Identité de Lacerta palluma Molina 1782, et révalidation de Centrura flagellifer Bell, 1843 (Reptilia, Sauria). Bulletin Museum National d’Historie Naturelle (Paris) Ser. 4, Sect. A(2): 175- 183. Cei, J. M., J. Lescure, and J. C. Ortiz. 1980. Rédecouverte de |’holotype de Proctotretus signifer Duméril and Bibron, 1837 (Reptilia, Iguanidae). Bulletin Museum National d’Historie Naturelle (Paris) Ser. 4, Sect. A(3): 919-925. Cei, J. M. and J. C. Ortiz. 1983. Descripcién de una nueva especie de lagarto Liolaemus coeruleus n. sp. para Argentina. (Sauria, Iguanidae). Boletin Sociedad de Biologia de Concepcidn 54: 35-41. p. 37 - t.d. Liolaemus coeruleus. Cei, J. M. and J. E. Péfaur. 1982. Una nueva especie de Liolaemus (Iguanidae: Squamata): su sistematica, ecologia y distribucién. Actas VIII Congreso Latinoamericano de Zoologia, Mérida, Venezuela, pp. 573-586. [1980] p. 573 - t.d. Liolaemus insolitus. Cei, J. M. and V. G. Roig. 1975. A new lizard from the Sierra del Nevado Mountains, central Argentina. Journal of Herpetology 9(2): 256. p. 256 - t.d. Phymaturus patagonicus nevadoi. Cei, J. M. and V. G. Roig. 1976. Fauna y ecosistemas del Oeste arido Argentino. I. Reptiles de la Provincia de Mendoza. Deserta (Mendoza) 4(1973-74): 69-91. - distribution maps and habitats in Mendoza province for: Liolaemus austromendocinus: subcordilleran embossment and extracordilleras (Payunia, Nevado) in south central Mendoza, to 2000 m; L. bibroni: cordilleras to the north of Mendoza, central extracordilleran embossments; patagonian and ecotonal biocenosis; L. boulengeri: extracordilleran embossments to the south of Mendoza; Patagonian and ecotonal biocenosis; L. buergeri: high cordilleran valleys in south-central Mendoza to 2500 m; extending to the borders of the Payunia (Arroya Batra); L. darwini: subcordilleras and extracordilleras throughout the province, ecotonal and Monte biocenosis; Liolaemus donosobarrosi: sandy areas of Matancilla and Agua del Toro (1000 m) southeastern Mendoza; L. elongatus: high cordilleras from 2300-3000 m, from Uspallata to Rio Barrancas; sporadic in Payunia where it is sympatric with L. austromendocinus, except on the mountain tops (Volcan Payitn, Nevado); L. fitzgeraldi: high cordilleras at Puente de Inca and Las Cuevas, 3000-3500 m; L. goetschi: areas bounding the Desaguadero (La Paz; 350 m); L. gracilis: extracordilleras in the north, central and south of the province, to 2000 m; patagonian, monte or ecotonal biocenosis; L. gravenhorsti: high valleys of the central cordilleras to the Chilean border; Valle Hermoso (2500 m); L. nigriceps: Pampa de los Nangos, cordilleran altiplano opposite Mendoza; L. rabinoi: eastern sandy margins of the Nihuil dam; L. ruibali: western cordilleras from Villavicencio to Uspallata, to 3000 m; L. werneri: Monte biocenosis in northern and eastern central Mendoza; L. wiegmanni: western central area near the Rio Mendoza: Chacras de Coria and limited to meadows 22 and cultivated fields near the capital where it may have been introduced; Phymaturus palluma: cordilleras to 3000 m, extracordilleras in the south (Payunia, Nevado), always associated with rocks; P. patagonicus payuniae: volacanic areas of Payunia (1800-2200 m); P. patagoniocus nevadoi: Massif del Nevado (1750-2000 m). Cei, J. M. and J. A. Scolaro. 1977. Herpetologia patagénica. XIII. La identidad de Liolaemus goetschi y de la forma melanops del groupo Liolaemus fitzingeri, en Rio Negro y Chubut. Physis (Buenos Aires) 36(92): 225-226. Cei, J. M. and J. A. Scolaro. 1977. Herpetologia patagénica. XIV. Nuevos datos immunologicos sobre iguanidos argentinos del grupo Liolaemus fitzingeri. Physis (Buenos Aires) 37(93): 223-226. Cei, J. M. and J. A. Scolaro. 1980. Two new subspecies of the Liolaemus fitzingeri complex from Argentina. Journal of Herpetology 14(1): 37-43. p. 38 - t.d. Liolaemus fitzingeri cuyanus; p. 39 - t.d. Liolaemus fitzingeri xanthoviridis. Cei, J. M. and J. A. Scolaro. 1981. A new northern subspecies of Liolaemus kingi in Argentina. Journal of Herpetology 15(2): 207-210. p. 207 - t.d. Liolaemus kingi somuncurae. Cei, J. M. and J. A. Scolaro. 1982. A new species of the Patagonian genus Vilcunia, with remarks on its morphology, ecology and distribution. Journal of Herpetology 16(4): 354-363. p. 357 - t.d. Vilcunia periglacialis, p. 360 - redescription of Vilcunia sylvanae. Cei, J. M. and J. A. Scolaro. 1982. Un nuevo iguanido tropidurino del género Liolaemus, grupo kingi-archeforus, de la region del Lago Belgrano, Santa Cruz, Argentina. Revista de la Universidad Nacional de Rio Cuarto 2(2): 257- 268. p. 260 - t.d. Liolaemus acheforus gallardoi. Cei, J. M. and J. A. Scolaro. 1983. Un nuevo arreglo taxonémico para los Liolaemus del grupo fitzingeri. Boletin de la Asociacién Herpetolégica Argentina 1(3): 15-16. p. 15 - considered valid: Liolaemus fitzingeri, L. melanops melanops (new combination), L. melanops canqueli (new combination), L. melanops xanthoviridis (new combination), L. cuyanus (new combination). Cei, J. M. and J. A. Scolaro. 1983. Una nueva forma geografica de Liolaemus kingi de Santa Cruz, Argentina (Lacertilia, Iguanidae). Neotrépica (Buenos Aires) 29(82): 209-214. p. 209 - t.d. Liolaemus kingi baguali. Cei, J. M. and J. A. Scolaro. 1987. The true systematic status of Liolaemus ruisleali [sic] Donoso-Bartos and Cei, 1971, from northern Patagonia, Argentina (Reptilia, Iguanidae). Bolletino Museo Regionale di Scienze Naturali, Torino 5(1): 179-187. p. 179 - Liolaemus ruizleali holotype and two paratypes = L. rothi, four paratypes = L. kingi somuncurae. Cei, J. M. and J. A. Scolaro. 1996. A new species of Liolaemus of the archeforus group from the precordilleran valley of the Zeballos River, Santa Cruz Province, Argentina (Reptilia, Tropiduridae). Bollettino del Museo Regionale di Scienze Naturali, Torino 41(1): 389-401. p. 391 - Liolaemus sarmientoi and L. gallardoi are recognized as full species, and together with L. archeforus and the newly described species, constitute the archeforus group; p. 393 - t.d. Liolaemus zullyi. Cei, J. M. and J. D. Williams. 1984. Las colecciones Herpetolédgicas de la expedicién patagénica del Perito Moreno y las formas argentinas de Liolaemus del grupo pictus. Revista Museo La Plata (Sec. Zoologia) 139: 183-194. p. 183 - t.d. Liolaemus exploratorum. Cekalovic, T. and J. N. Artigas. 1981. Catalogo de los tipos depositados en las colecciones del departamento de zoologia de la Universidad de Concepcion, Chile. 52: 203-224. p- 221 - holotype of Liolaemus pictus talcanensis listed. Chaffer, R. G. 1952. The Deseadan vertebrate fauna of Scarritt Pocket, Patagonia. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 98: 509-561. Chiszar, D., T. Gingery, B. Gingery, and H. M. Smith. 1999. Phymaturus patagonicus (Argentine chuckwalla). Facultative parthenogenesis. Herpetological Review 30(2): 98. Christian, K. A. 1998. Thermoregulation by the short-homed lizard (Phrynosoma douglassi) at high elevation. Journal of Thermal Biology 23(6): 395-399. - cites Pearson (1954) and Pearson and Bradford (1976) for ability of Andean Liolaemus to maintain high body temperatures under conditions of low air temperatures so long as the sky remains clear. 23 Christie, M. I. 1984. Inventario de la fauna de vertebrados del Parque Nacional Nahuel Huapi. Revistas del Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales “Bernardino Rivadavia” e Instituto Nacional Investigaciones de las Ciencias Naturales, Zoologia. 13(55): 523-34. p. 526 - lists Liolaemus bibroni, L. buergeri, L. chilensis, L. elongatus, L. pictus, L. rothi, and L. lemniscatus from the park. Christie, M. I. 1984. Determinacién de prioridades conservacionistas para la fauna de vertebrados Patag6nicus. Revistas del Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales “Bernadino Rivadavia” e Instituto Nacional Investigaciones de las Ciencias Naturales, Zoologia 13(56): 535-544. p. 541 - lists Vilcunia silvanae. Christie, M. I. 1995. Reptiles. Pp. 19-24, in: C. Ubeda and D. Grigera (eds.), Recalificacién del estado de conservaci6n de la fauna silvestre Argentina. Regién Patagénicos. Seccién Recursos Naturales Ambiente Humano. Codoceo, M. 1950. Reptiles de Tarapaca (nota preliminar). Investigaciones Zoolégicas Chilenas1(1): 15. Codoceo, M. 1954. Reptiles de la region de los lagos valdivianos. Investigaciones Zooldgicas Chilenas 2(5): 69-71. - lists species in Valdivian forest: Liolaemus chiliensis, L. gravenhorsti, L. monticola villaricensis, L. pictus pictus. Cody, M. L., E. R. Fuentes, W. Glanz, J. H. Hunt, and A. R. Moldenke. 1977. Convergent evolution in the consumer organisms of Mediterranean Chile and California. Pp. 144-191, in: H. A. Mooney (ed.), Convergent evolution in Chile and California: Mediterranean climate ecosystems. US/IBP Synthesis Series 5. Dowden, Hutchinson, & Ross, Inc., Stroudsburg, Pennsylvania. - compare habitats and indicies of species diversity between communities of Chilean Liolaemus with several genera of lizards from southern California (USA). Cooper, E. L., A. E. Klempau, and A. G. Zapata. 1985. Reptilian immunity. Pp. 599-678, in: C. Gans, F. Billett, and P. F. A. Maderson (eds.), Biology of the Reptilia, Volume 14: Development A. John Wiley and Sons, New York, x+763. p. 604 - cites Pena Rosche (1939) and Pienaar (1967) for eosinophils in Liolaemus. Cooper, W. E., Jr. 1994. Prey chemical discrimination, foraging mode, and phylogeny. Pp. 95-116, in: L. J. Vitt and E. R. Pianka (eds.), Lizard ecology: historical and experimental perspectives. Princeton University Press, Princeton, New Jersey, xii+403 pp. p. 102 - Liolaemus zapallarensis can detect prey chemicals. Cope, E. D. 1862. Catalogues of the reptiles obtained during the explorations of the Parana, Paraguay, Bermejo and Uruguay Rivers by Capt. Thos. J. Page, U. S. N., and of those procured by Lieut. N. Michler, U. S. Top. Eng., commander of the expedition conducting the survey of the Atrato River. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 14(9)2: 346-359. p. 351 - lists Ortholaemus fitzroyi. Cope, E. D. 1868. Additional descriptions of Neotropical Reptilia and Batrachia not previously known. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 20(2): 96-140. p. 120 - t.d. Proctotretus prasinus. Cope, E. D. 1876. Report on the reptiles brought by Professor James Orton from the middle and upper Amazon and western Peru. Journal of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia (2)8: 159-188. p. 120 - t.d. Proctotretus multiformis. Cope, E. D. 1889. Scientific results of exploration by the U. S. Fish Commission Albatross. II. Report on the batrachians and reptiles collected in 1887-88. Proceedings of the United States National Museum 12(1889): 141- 147. Cope, E. D. 1896. On the hemipenis of the Sauria. Proceeding of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 48: 461-467. Cope, E. D. 1900. The crocodilians, lizards and snakes of North America. Report of the United States National Museum for the year ending June 30, 1898 2: II+1294 pp. p. 191 - appendicular haemapophyses separated in Phymaturus; p. 198 - preanal secretions in Liolaemus; p. 220 - liver deeply excavated medially in Liolaemus; p. 222 - Phymaturus has all teeth deeply trilobed or flower-de- luce shaped; p. 225 - Liolaemus, Helocephalus, Ctenoblepharis, and Phymaturus included in key to the genera of Iguanidae; p. 227 - above genera listed as Neotropical/Chilean. 24 Cortés, A., C. Baez, M. Rosenmann, and C. Pino. 1992. Dependencia térmica del teiido Callopistes palluma: una comparacién con los igudnidos Liolaemus nigromaculatus y L. nitidus. Revista Chilena de Histgria Natural 65(4): 443-451. - provide preferred body temperatures for Liolaemus nigromaculatus (31.7 °C) and L. nitidus (33.7 °C). Both species of Liolaemus have a higher caloric-gain efficiency than Callopistes. Cortés, A., J. C. Torres-Mura, L. Contreras, and C. Pino. 1995. Fauna de vertebrados de los Andes de Coquimbo: Cordillera de Dofia Ana. Ediciones Universidad de la Serena, Chile, 96 pp. p. 19-20 - lists Liolaemus lorenzmulleri, L. cf. ornatus, and L. vallecurensis from this region. Cruz, F. B. 1997. Reproductive activity in Tropidurus etheridgei in the semiarid Chaco of Salta, Argentina. Journal of Herpetology 32(3): 444-450. p. 447 - Liolaemus chacoensis from near J. V. Gonzalez are reproductively active for three months, and 100 km to the NW, at Finca Los Colorados, reproductive activity may last up to five months. Cruz, F. B., M. G. Perotti, and L. A. Fitzgerald. 1993. Lista de anfibios y reptiles colectados en una localidad del chaco Salteno. Acta Zoolégica Lilloana 42(1): 101-107. - fauna includes Liolaemus chacoensis and L. wiegmanni. Cruz, F. B. and M. Ramirez Pinilla. 1996. Actividad reproductiva en el lagarto Liolaemus chacoensis (Sauria: Tropiduridae), del Chaco occidental, Salta, Argentina. Revista Espafiola de Herpetologia 10: 33-39. Cruz, F. B., J. A. Schulte II, and P. Bellagamba. 1999. New distributional records and natural history notes for reptiles from southern Argentina. Herpetological Review 30(3): 182. -new records for Liolaemus xanthoviridis and L. kriegi from Chubut Province and L. cuyanus from La Pampa Province. D’Orbigny, A. D. and G. Bibron. 1837. Laminas 1-6, 13-15, publicadas con los nombres declas especies representadas. In: A. D. D’Orbigny (ed.), Voyage dans |’ Amérique méridionale...pendant les années 1826...1833. Tome cinquéne l.ére oartie. Daciuk, J. 1968. La fauna del Parque Nacional Laguna Blanca (Estudio zoo-ecolégico preliminar). Anales de Parques Nacionales (Buenos Aires) 11(2): 225-304. p. 275 - lists Liolaemus belli, L. bibroni, L. darwini, L. kriegi, L. monticola, and Phymaturus palluma with photos. Daciuk, J. 1978. Datos bio-ecolégicos obtenidos en cautividad del lagarto Phymaturus palluma palluma (Molina) 1872. Anales de Parques Nacionales (Buenos Aires) 14: 80-86. Daciuk, J. and M. Miranda. 1980. Notas faunisticas y bioevolégicas de Peninsula Valdés y Patagonia. XXV. Batraco- herpetofauna de la Peninsula Valdés y costas patagénicas (Rio Negro, Chubut, Santa Cruz y Tierra del Fuego, Argentina). Neotr6pica (Buenos Aires) 26(75): 99-115. Daiss, S. 1969. Pflege und Verhalten von Erdleguanen (Liolaemus cf. monticola). Aquarien-und Terrarien - Zeitschrift 22: 182-185. - provides notes on behavior in captivity. Dansereau, P. 1947. Zonation et succession sur la restinga de Rio de Janeiro. I. Halosére. Revue Canadienne Biologie 6(3): 448-477. - notes on ecology of Liolaemus lutzae. Darwin, C. 1854. A journal of researches. Ward, Lock and Co., London. - describes behavior of Liolaemus multimaculatus. Darwin, C. 1898. Journal of researches into natural history and geology of the countries visited during the voyage of the H.M.S. Beagle round the world, under the command of Capt. Fitz Roy R. N. New York, D. Appleton, x+519 pp. - describes color pattern and behavior of Liolaemus multimaculatus at Bahia Blanca. Daszak, P. and S. J. Ball. 1998. Description of the oocysts of three new species of Eimeria (Apicomplexa: Eimeriidae) from iguanid lizards (Sauria: Iguanidae) of Central and South America. Memorias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz 93(4): 471-475. - Eimeria liolaemi described from Liolaemus tenuis. Daudin, F. M. 1802. Histoire Naturelle, générale et particuliére des reptiles. Paris: F. Dufax 4: 1-397. p. 46 - lists Stellio pelluma. de la Vina, I., J. C. Bolibar, and J.C. Nieves. 1992. Pseutes sulphureus (Wagler, 1824) (Serpentes: Colubridae) nueva especie para Bolivia y datos sobre la herpetofauna Boliviana. Acta Zooldégica Lilloana 41: 215-218. p. 216 - Liolaemus alticolor and L. ornatus from Patacamaya (17°10’ S; 68°10’ W); L. signifer from Ulla- 25 Ulla (16°58’S; 64°10’ W), Saavedra Province, Departamento La Paz (4500 m). de Lema, T. 1994. Lista comentada dos répteis ocorrentes no Rio Grande do Sul. Comunicacoes do Museu de Ciéncias da Pontificia Universidade Catolica do Rio Grande do Sul, Serie Zoologia, Porto Alegre 1994(7): 41-150. de Lema, T., M. L. Araujo, and A. C. P. Azevedo. 1983. Contribuigao ao conhecimento da alimentaga4o e do modo alimentar de serpentes do Brasil. Comunicacoes del Museo de Ciéncias, Pontificia Universidade Catolica do Rio Grande Do Sul, Porto Alegre 1983(26): 41-121. p. 53 - Liolaemus occipitalis is eaten by Leimadophis poecilogyrus pictostriatus at Tranabdai. de Oliveira Rodrigues, H. 1992. Pseudocapillaria (Ichthyocapillaria) maricansis n. sp. (Nematoda, Capillaridae) and remarks on the helmenthological fauna of Liolaemus lutzae Mertens, 1938 (Lacertilia, Iguanide). Memorias del Instituto Oswaldo Cruz (Rio de Janeiro) 87(2): 297-300. de Perno, C. S. and W. E. Cooper, Jr. 1993. Prey chemical discrimination and strike-induced chemosensory searching in the lizard Liolaemus zapallarensis. Chemoecology 4: 86-92. de Queiroz, K. 1982. The scleral ossicles of sceloporine iguanids: a reexamination with comments on their phylogenetic significance. Herpetologica 38(2): 302-311. p. 309 - scleral ossicle number: cites Underwood (1970) for Liolaemus, describes scleral ossicles in Phymaturus palluma and compares them with other iguanians. de Viana, M. L., C. Jovanovich, and P. Valdés. 1994. Densidad, proporcién de sexos y utilizacién del espacio de Liolaemus darwinii (Sauria: Iguanidae) en el Valle de Tin Tin, Argentina. Revista de Biologia Tropical 42(1-2): 281-287. - peak densities reach 41 individuals/ha in May 1989 with a low of 4/ha in April 1990. Juveniles recruited into the population during autumn and made up 49-75% of the population. Sex ratio was 1:1. The frequency of caudal autotomy was 4%. de Viana, M. L, C. Jovanovich, and P. Valdés. 1994. Habitos alimentarios de Liolaemus darwinii (Sauria: Iguanidae) en el Valle de Tin Tin, Argentina. Revista de Biologia Tropical 42(1-2): 379-381. - Liolaemus darwinii is insectivorous feeding primarily on ants. Adult males have a more diverse diet of arthropods than the females, and the diets of adults differ from those of juveniles. Devincenzi, G. J. 1926. Fauna herpetoldgica de Uruguay. Anales Museo Nacional de Montevideo, Serie 2, 2(2): 1-66. Devincenti, V. C. and A. L. Goldemberg. 1990. Histology and histochemistry of the alimentary canal of Liolaemus multimaculatus (Reptilia, Lacertilia, Iguanidae). Physis (Buenos Aires), Sec. C, 48(114-115): 21-26. [1993] Devincenti, V. C., L. Goldemberg, and J. M. Chani. 1985. Histologia del tracto digestivo de Liolaemus multimaculatus. Boletin de la Asociacion Herpetologica Argentina 1(1-3): 2. Dixon, J.R. 1979. Omrigin and distribution of reptiles in lowland tropical rainforests of South America. Pp. 217-240, in: W. E. Duellman (ed.), The South American herpetofauna: its origin, evolution and dispersal. Monograph of the Museum of Natural History, University of Kansas 7: 1-485. p. 239 - in appendix lists Liolaemus (1 species) as occuring in the Eastern Amazon, but the species name is not provided. Donoso-Barros, R. 1947. Breves notas sobre reptiles chilenos. Boletin del Museo Nacional Historia Natural (Santiago) 23: 107-111. p. 107 - Liolaemus buergeri from Planch6n (3000 m); p. 108-110 - redescription of L. buergeri; includes figure of dorsal head scales. Donoso-Barros, R. 1954. Consideraciones sobre la ecologia de los reptiles del sur de Coquimbo, (Santiago). Zooiatria 3(11): 3-5. p. 3 - distribution of Liolaemus fuscus, L. lemniscatus, and L. nigromaculatus zapallarensi; p. 4 - t.d. Liolaemus nigromaculatus sieversi. Donoso-Barros, R. 1958. Phrynosaura reichei Wemer, 1907, una especie en extincidn? Investigaciones Zooldgicas Chilenas 4: 220-222. p. 220-222 - compares Phrynosaura reichei with Ctenoblepharis adspersus and Phrynosaura marmorata. P. reichei buries quickly in sand with two or three lateral movements; when the substratum is hard it becomes immobile, simulating death. Donoso-Barros, R. 1958. El género Crenoblepharis Tschudi en Chile (Reptilia, Squamata, Iguanidae). Investigaciones Zooldgicas Chilenas 4: 253-257. p. 254 - redescribes Crenoblepharis jamesi; a viviparous lizard of the high Andes of Tarpaca (3000-4000 m). Donoso-Barros, R. 1960. Ecologia de los reptiles chilenos. Investigaciones Zooldégicas Chilenas 6: 65-72. - remarks on the ecology and behavior of Phrynosaura reichei, Ctenoblepharis jamesi, Liolaemus alticolor, 26 and L. multiformis multiformis in Tarapaca and Antofagasta, and for L. nigromaculatus, L. n. atacamensis, L. n. bisignatus, L. n. zapallarensis, L. n. kuhlmani, and L. platei in the Atacama desert. ~ Donoso-Barros, R. 1961. Three new lizards of the genus Liolaemus from the highest Andes of Chile and Argentina. Copeia 1961(4): 387-391. p. 387 - t.d. Liolaemus paulinae; p. 389 - t.d. Liolaemus constanzae; p. 390 - t.d. Liolaemus ruibali. Donoso-Barros, R. 1961. The reptiles of the Lund University Chile Expedition. Copeia 1961(4): 486-488. p. 486 - t.d. Liolaemus cyanogaster brattstroemi;, also collected: Liolaemus kuhlmani, L. nigromaculatus, L. nigromaculatus atacamensis, L. pictus pictus, L. pictus chiloeensis, and L. platei platei. Donoso-Barros, R. 1964. Ecologia herpetolégica del Norte Grande de Chile. Noticiario Mensual, Museo Nacional de Historia Natural, Santiago 101: 6-7. p. 7 - lists Phrynosaura reichei as living in the desert under the nitrite fields and moving bipedally during hottest hours of the day; lists Ctenoblepharis jamesi, C. nigriceps, Liolaemus a. alticolor, L. a. walkeri, L. constanzae, L. multiformis, and L. paulinae from the Andean region of northern Chile. Donoso-Barros, R. 1966. Reptiles de Chile. Universidad de Chile, Santiago, 458 pp. - includes descriptions, distributions, and color plates of Ctenoblepharis, Liolaemus, Phrynosaura, and Phymaturus from Chile; p. 271 - t.d. Liolaemus nigroviridis nigroroseus. Donoso-Barros, R. 1969. Observaciones in vivo sobre Phrynosaura reichei Werner (Sauria-Iguanidae). Boletin Sociedad de Biologia de Concepcion 41: 85-87. p. 85 - cites number 000.002 as holotype in personal collection from Oasis de Pica, Tarapaca, Chile collected by Reich in 1906; p. 87-87 - notes on color and behavior. Donoso-Bartos, R. 1969. Consideraciones nomenclaturales sobre dos lagartijas Argentinas. Boletin Sociedad de Biologia de Concepci6n 41: 93-94. - Liolaemus anomalus transferred to Ctenoblepharis; Liolaemus lentus is a junior synonym of Phrynosaura werneri. Donoso-Barros, R. 1969. Nota sistematica sobre Liolaemus stantoni (Girard). Boletin Sociedad de Biologia de Concepcion 41: 95-96. p. 95 - Proctotretus stantoni is a junior synonym of Liolaemus gravenhorsti. Donoso-Barros, R. 1970. Un nuevo reptil de Argentina, Liolaemus emmae (Sauria, Iguanidae). Boletin Sociedad de Biologia de Concepcién 42(1969-1970): 23-26. p. 23 - td. Liolaemus emmae. Donoso-Barros, R. 1971. A new Liolaemus from Neuquén (Argentina). Herpetologica 27(1): 49-51. p. 49 - t.d. Liolaemus ceii. Donoso-Barros, R. 1971. The genera Ctenoblepharis and Phrynosaura. Herpetological Review 3(5): 85. Donoso-Barros, R. 1972. Contribucién al conocimiento del género Ctenoblepharis Tschudi y Phrynosaura Wemer (Sauria, Iguanidae). Boletin Sociedad de Biologia de Concepcion 44: 129-134. - the type species of Ctenoblepharis and Phrynosaura are congeneric; the former is the older name. Donoso-Barros, R. 1973. Un nuevo saurio de Bolivia (Lacertilia, Iguanidae). Neotrépica (Buenos Aires) 19(60): 132- 134. p- 132 - t.d. Pelusaurus; P. cranwelli designated type species; p. 133 - t.d. Pelusaurus cranwelli. Donoso-Barros, R. 1973. Una nueva lagartija magallanica (Reptilia, Iguanidae). Neotrépica (Buenos Aires) 19(60): 163-164. p- 163 - t.d. Liolaemus sarmientoi. Donoso-Barros, R. 1973. Catalogo herpetoldégico chileno. Boletin del Museo Nacional Historia Natural (Santiago) 31: 49-124. [1970] - includes a key of Crenoblepharys, Liolaemus, Phrynosaura, and Phymaturus for Chile. Donoso-Barros, R. 1974. Notas Herpetologicas. Boletin Sociedad de Biologia de Concepcidn 47: 285-287. - describes Liolaemus fauna from near the Laguna del Laja, Chile. Donoso-Barros, R. 1975. Nuevos reptiles y anfibios de Chile. Boletin Sociedad de Biologia de Concepcién 48(1974): 217-229. p. 224 - t.d. Liolaemus hellmichi. Donoso-Barros, R. and H. S. Candiani. 1950. Reptiles de la provincia de Santiago. Revista de la Academia Columbiana de Ciencias Exactas, Fiscas y Naturales, Bogota 7(28): 482-489. Donoso-Barros, R. and S. Cardinas. 1962. Contribuciones Herpetolégicas del abate Don Juan Ignacio Molina. Noticiario Mensual, Museo Nacional de Historia Natural, Santiago 77: 6-8. Di p. 7 - quotes Molina’s description of Lucerta Palluma. Donoso-Barros, R. and J. M. Cei. 1970. Probable hibrido interespécifico entre Diplolaemus darwinii y Diplolaemus bibronii. Boletin Sociedad de Biologia de Concepcién 42: 27-32. Donoso-Barros, R. and J. M. Cei. 1971. New lizards from the volcanic Patagonian plateau of Argentina. Journal of Herpetology 5(3-4): 89-95. p- 90 - t.d. Vilcunia; V. sylvanae type species designated; p. 91 - t.d. Vilcunia sylvanae; p. 93 - t.d. Liolaemus archeforus; t.d. Liolaemus ruizleali; p. 94 - t.d. Liolaemus elongatus petrophilus. Donoso-Barros, R. and M. Codoceo. 1962. Reptiles de Aysen y Magallanes. Boletin del Museo Nacional Historia Natural (Santiago) 28(1): 1-45. - detailed descriptions and synonomies of Liolaemus bibroni, L. darwini, L. fitzingeri, and L. kingi. Dorst, J. 1962. Nouvelles recherches biologiques sur les Trochilides des hautes Andes Péruviennes (Oreotrochilus estella). L’oiseau et R. F. O. 32(2): 95-126. Dowling, H. G. 1962. Some like it hot—some like it cold. Animal Kingdom (New York Zoological Society) 65(2): 41-47. - discusses thermoregulation in Liolaemus multiformis. Dowling, H. and W. E. Duelmann. 1974-78. Systematic herpetology: a synopsis of families and higher categories. Herpetological Information Service Publications. New York 7: 1-118. p. 75.1 - lists as iguanid genera: Crenoblepharis (6 species), Liolaemus (47 species), Phrynosaura (3 species), Phymaturus (1 species), and Vilconia [sic] (1 species). Downes, S.J. 1999. Disparity in saurian socialism: individuals, populations and species. Trends in Ecology and Evolution 14(12)[162]: 463-465. p. 464 — summarize study of relationships of visual and chemical communication in Liolaemus by E. Martins, A. Labra, M. Halloy and J. Tolman. Duellman, W. E. 1979. The South American herpetofauna: a panoramic view. Pp. 1-28, in: W. E. Duellman (ed.), The South American herpetofauna: its origin, evolution and dispersal. Monograph of the Museum of Natural History, University of Kansas 7: 1-485. p. 19 - cites Etheridge (1966) that Leiocephalus is related to Liolaemus; p. 20 - cites Cei (1979) that many species of Liolaemus differentiated in the Pleistocene. States that distribution of Liolaemus exemplifies a major northward expansion in the Andes; p. 21 - distribution map of Liolaemus. Duellman, W. E. 1979. The herpetofauna of the Andes: patterns of distribution, origin, differentiation, and present communities. Pp. 371-459, in: W. E. Duellman (ed.), The South American herpetofauna: its origin, evolution and dispersal. Monograph of the Museum of Natural History, University of Kansas 7: 1-485. p. 458 - lists five species of Ctenoblepharis, 28 species of Liolaemus, and one species of Phymaturus in appendix, with elevational range and presence/absence in 14 Andean regions. First use of combination Liolaemus tacnae. Duguy, R. 1970. Numbers of blood cells and their variation. Pp. 93-109, in: C. Gans and T. S. Parsons (eds.), Biology of the Reptilia, Volume 3: Morphology C. Academic Press, New York, xiv+385 pp. p. 96 - table of erythrocyte counts: cites Pea Roche (1939) for Liolaemus nigromaculatus and L. pictus. Duméril, A. M. C. 1846. Voyage autor du monde sur la frégate La Venus commandeée par Abel du Petrit-Thouars, Zoologie (Mammiféres, Oiseaux, Reptiles et Poissons). Atlas. Gide et J. Baudry, Paris. Dumeéril, A.M. C. 1855. Voyage autor du monde sur la frégate La Vénus commandée par Abel du Petit-Thouars, Zoologie (Mammiféres, Oiseaux, Reptiles et Poissons). Paris, Gide et J. Baudry, Paris, pp. 285-296. - small collection of Liolaemus from Chile. Dumeéril, A. 1856. Description des reptiles nouveaux ou imparfaictement connus de la collection du Muséum d’ Histoire Naturelle et remarques sur la classification et les caractéres des reptiles. Deuxiéme Mémoire. Troisieme, quatriéme families des l’ordre des Sauriens (Geckotiens, Varaniens et Iguaniens). Archives de la Museum d’ Historie Naturelle de Paris 8: 437-588. p. 540 - comment on Proctotretus. Long footnote on the species described by Bell; p. 541 - Proctotretus mosaicus specimens described from Chile; p. 542 - Proctotretus gracilis specimens described from Chile; p. 543 - Proctotretus Magellanicus attributed to Hombron and Jacquinot; p. 557 - Centrura flagellifer. Duménil, A. M. C. and G. Bibron. 1837. Erpétologie générale ou histoire naturelle compléte des reptiles. Ed. Roret, Paris 4: 11+571 pp. p. 179 - t.d. Proctotretus tenuis; p. 273 - t.d. Proctotretus cyanogaster, p. 276 - t.d. Liolaemus pictus; p. 284 28 - t.d. Proctotretus Wiegmannii; p. 286 — t.d. Proctotretus Fitzingerii; p. 288 - t.d. Proctotretus signifer, p. 290 - t.d. Proctoretus intermedius; t.d. Proctotretus multimaculatus. ™ Duméril, A. M. C. and A. Duméril. 1851. Catalogue méthodique de la collection des reptiles (Muséum d’Histoire Naturelle de Paris). Gide et Baudry, Paris, iv+224 pp. - brief descriptions and varieties of: p. 71 - Proctotretus; P. Chiliensis; p. 72 - Proctotretus Mosaicus, P. Cyanogaster, and P. Pictus; p. 73 - P. Tenuis and P. Gracilis; p. 74 - P. Nigro-maculatus, P. Wiegmannii, P. Fitzingerii, and P. Signifer; p. 75 - P. Magellanicus and P. Multimaculatus; p. 84 - Oplurus Bibronii. Dunham, A. E., D. B. Miles, and D. N. Reznic. 1988. Life history patterns in squamate reptiles. Pp. 441-522, in: C. Gans and R. B. Huey (eds.), Biology of the Reptilia, Volume 16: Ecology B, Defense and Life History. Alan R. Liss, New York, xi+659 pp. p. 464-465 - primary network of lizard clutch size: includes Liolaemus multiformis; p. 514 - appendix on life- history patterns includes L. multiformis. Engbretson, G. A. and V. H. Hutchison. 1976. Erythrocyte count, hematocrit and hemoglobin content in the lizard Liolaemus multiformis. Copeia 1976(1): 186. - Liolaemus multiformis have higher blood values than many other lizards. Espejo, P. 1983. Estudio de la variabilidad morfolégica, cromosémica y bioquimica en dos especies de lagartos del género Liolaemus (Squamata-Iguanidae). Unpublished Thesis, Universidad de Santiago, Chile. Espinoza, N. D. and J. R. Formas. 1976. Karyological patterm [sic] of two Chilean lizard species of the genus Liolaemus (Sauria; Iguanidae). Experientia 32(3): 299-301. - Liolaemus cyanogaster and L. pictus examined. Espinoza, R. E. 1995. Viviparity in lizards: ecological adaptation or evolutionary baggage? Bulletin of the Ecological Society of America 76(2 supplement Part 2): 75. - viviparity may be the ancestral reproductive condition for Liolaemus, and this reproductive mode tends to be associated with cold climates (high latitudes and high elevations) in this genus. Espinoza, R. E. 1999. Reptiles and herbivory [Book Review]. Herpetological Review 30: 125-126. - cites Cei (1986) and Troyer (1988, 1991) for herbivory in Phymaturus and some Liolaemus. Espinoza, R. E. and F. Lobo. 1996. Possible communal nesting in two species of Liolaemus lizards (Iguania: Tropiduridae) from northern Argentina. Herpetological Natural History 4(1): 65-68. - possible in Liolaemus alticolor and L. bitaeniatus. Espinoza, R. E., F. Lobo, and F. B. Cruz. 2000. Liolaemus heliodermis, a new lizard from northwestern Argentina with remarks on the content of the elongatus group (Iguana: Tropiduridae). Herpetologica 56(4): 235-244. p. 236 - t.d. Liolaemus heliodermis; L. elongatus group includes L. austromendocinus, L. capillitas, L. elongtatus, L. heliodermis, L. petrophilus, and L. thermarum. Espinoza, R. E. and C. R. Tracy. 1997. Thermal biology, metabolism, and hibernation. Pp. 159-194, in: L. J. Ackerman, (ed.), The biology, husbandry and health care of reptiles. T.F.H. Publications, Neptune City, New Jersey. p- 165, 168-169, 176 - discuss various aspects of the thermal biology of Liolaemus, p. 172 - table | includes Phymaturus palluma as an herbivorous lizard with a high activity temperature. Esteban, C. J. dela S. 1965. Anatomia microscépica comparada de la lengua de algunos saurios Argentinos. Annals de la II Congreso Latinoamericano de Zoologia, Sao Paulo, 1962 2: 235-245. Estes, R. D. 1963. Early Miocene salamanders and lizards from Florida. Quarterly Journal of the Florida Academy of Sciences 26: 234-256. p. 240-244 - fossil dentaries tentatively referred to Leiocephalus rather than Liolaemus based on tooth shape and complete closure of Meckel’s groove. Estes, R. D. 1983. Sauria terrestria, Amphisbaenia. Pp. 1-xii+1-249, in: P. Wellnhofer (ed.), Handbuch der Palaohereptologie. Gustav Fischer Verlag, Stuttgart, New York. p.35 - an open Meckelian sulcus is a primitive condition found in Liolaemus. Etheridge, R. 1964. The skeletal morphology and systematics relationships of sceloporine lizards. Copeia 1964(4): 610-631. p. 629 - informal name “tropidurines” proposed for Leiocephalus and a group of South American iguanids; Liolaemus and, tentatively Phrynosaura, are included. Etheridge, R. 1965. The abdominal skeleton of lizards in the family Iguanidae. Herpetologica 21(3): 161-168. - describes abdominal skeleton of Liolaemus and Phymaturus. 29 Etheridge, R. 1965. Fossil lizards from the Dominican Republic. Quarterly Journal of the Florida Academy of Sciences 28: 83-105. p. 96 - among iguanid genera allied to Leiocephalus, an open Meckelian groove occurs only in some Liolaemus, Liolaemus and Leiocephalus show many similarities; Liolaemus probably is most closely allied to Leiocephalus. Etheridge, R. 1966. The systematic relationships of West Indian and South American lizards referred to the iguanid genus Leiocephalus. Copeia 1966(1): 79-91. - Liolaemus compared with other tropidurid genera; Leiocephalus is most like Liolaemus. Etheridge, R. 1966. An extinct lizard of the genus Leiocephalus from Jamaica. Quarterly Journal of the Florida Academy of Sciences 29: 47-59. p. 57 - Leiocephalus, Stenocercus, Tropidurus, Ctenoblepharis, Liolaemus, Urocentron, Proctotretus, Platynotus, Plica, and Ohryoessoides appear to form a related group. Etheridge, R. 1967. Lizard caudal vertebrae. Copeia 1967(4): 699-721. - describes caudal sequence of Liolaemus; Liolaemus have a autotomic tail. Etheridge, R. 1992. A new psammophilus lizard of the genus Liolaemus (Squamata: Tropiduridae) from northwestern Argentina. Bollettino del Museo Regionale di Scienze Naturali, Torino 10(1): 1-19. p. 2 - t.d. Liolaemus laurenti. Etheridge, R. 1993. Lizards of the Liolaemus darwinii complex (Squamata: Iguania: Tropiduridae) in northern Argentina. Bollettino del Museo Regionale di Scienze Naturali, Torino 11(1): 137-199. p. 148 - Liolaemus darwinii redescribed and lectotype selected; p. 152 - t.d. Liolaemus quilmes; p. 159 - t.d. Liolaemus koslowskyi; p. 165 - t.d. Liolaemus abaucan; p. 167 - t.d. Liolaemus olongasta; p. 171 - Liolaemus ornatus redscribed and neotype selected; p. 177 - Liolaemus irregularis redescribed; p. 179 - Liolaemus laurenti included in complex; p. 180 - Liolaemus uspallatensis redescribed. Etheridge, R. 1995. Redescription of Ctenoblepharys adspersa Tschudi, 1845, and the taxonomy of Liolaeminae (Reptilia: Squamata: Tropiduridae). American Museum of Natural History Novitates 3142: 1-34. p. 2 - allopatric subspecies of Phymaturus patagonicus considered valid species; p. 17 - Ctenoblepharys is a monotypic genus containing only the type species, C. adspersa which shares no derived characters either with Phymaturus or Liolaemus; p. 18 - Abas, Ceiolaemus, Pelusaurus, and Phrynosaura are synonyms of Liolaemus; p. 19 - Rhytidodeira and Velosaura are synonyms of Liolaemus; p. 20 - Vilcunia and Eulaemus are synonyms of Liolaemus; p. 22 - Mesolaemus and Ortholaemus are synonyms of Liolaemus; p. 31-34 - indented taxonomy of Liolaeminae includes Ctenoblepharys adspersa, 10 species of Phymaturus, and 128 species of Liolaemus. Etheridge, R. 1998. Redescription and status of Liolaemus hatcheri Stejneger, 1909 (Reptilia: Squamata: Tropiduridae). Cuadernos de Herpetologia 12(1): 31-36. - Liolaemus hatcheri is a valid species and is probably a senior synonym of Vilcunia periglacialis. Etheridge, R. 2000. A review of the Liolaemus wiegmannii group (Squamata, Iguania, Tropiduridae), and a history of morphological change in the sand-dwelling species. Herpetological Monographs 14:293-352. - Liolaemus wiegmannii group contains L. lutzae, L. occipitalis, L. multimaculatus, L. rabinoi, L. salinicola, L. scapularis, and L. wiegmannii; L. cranwelli may be a synonym of L.wiegmannii. A phylogenetic analysis of the group is presented, and used to determine the sequence of morphological changes that facilitate life on a substrate of aeolean sand. Etheridge, R. and K. de Queiroz. 1988. A phylogeny of Iguanidae. Pp. 283-367, in: R. Estes, and G. Pregill (eds.), Phylogenetic relationships of the lizard families: essays commemorating Charles L. Camp. Stanford University Press, Stanford, California, xii+631 pp. - Liolaemus, Phymaturus, and Ctenoblepharis coded for 49 characters, and placed within phylogenetic context of other tropidurine lizards. Etheridge, R. and R. E. Espinoza. 1997. New records and natural history notes for lizards from northwestern Argentina. Herpetological Review 28(3): 160-161. - range extensions and notes for Liolaemus cuyanus, L. koslowskyi, L. laurenti, L. olongasta, and L. pseudoanomalus. Fabian-Beurmann, M. E. and M. I. Vieira. 1980. Sobre a osteologia craniana de Liolaemus occipitalis Boulenger, 1885, L. lutzae Mertens 1938, e L. multiformis simonsii Boulenger 1902 (Lacertilia, Iguanidae). Iheringia, Serie Zoologia, Porto Alegre 56: 95-102. 30 Fernandes Barran, E. and M. A. Freiberg. 1951. Nombres vulgares de reptiles y batracios de la Argentina. Physis (Buenos Aires) 20(58): 303-319. ™ Fernandez, F., R. Laurent, T. Noriega, and S. Saad. 1987. Estudios electroforéticos de proteinas en Liolaemus (Squamata: Iguanidae). Boletin de la Asociacién Herpetoldgica Argentina 3(3): 3. Fernandez Llebrez, P., A. M. Lancha Bernal, E. M. Rodriguez, J. Perez, J. A. Andrades, J. M. Grodona, J. M. Mancera, and J. M. Perez Figares. 1990. Colloid droplets in the magnocellular secretory neurons of the reptilian hypothalamus, an immunocytochemical and lectin-histochemical study. Cell and Tissue Research 260(1): 69-76. - Liolaemus cyanogaster examined. Fitch, H. S. 1970. Reproductive cycles in lizards and snakes. University of Kansas Museum of Natural History Miscellaneous Publications 52: 1-247. p. 31 - cites Donoso-Barros (1966) on viviparity in Ctenoblepharis; p. 38-39 - cites Donoso-Barros (1966) and Pearson (1954) on viviparity and reproductive cycles in Liolaemus and Phrynosaura; p. 41 - cites Donoso- Barros (1966) on viviparity in Phymaturus. Fitzgerald, L. A., F. B. Cruz, and G. Perotti. 1999. Phenology of a lizard assemblage in the dry Chaco of Argentina. Journal of Herpetology 33(4): 536-535. - Liolaemus chacoensis and L. wiegmannii included in study. Fitzinger, L. 1843. Systema Reptilium. Fasciculus primus, Amblyglossae. Bramiiller et Seidel, Vienna 106 pp. p. 17 - Tropidurus nigromaculatus Wiegmann designated type species of Ptychodeira, Proctotretus pectinatus Duméril and Bibron designated as type species of Proctotretus; P. tenuis Duméril and Bibron designated type species of Liodeira; Liolaemus chilensis Wiegmann designated as type species of Liolaemus; p. 73 - listed as species of Ptycodeira are P. nigromaculata, P. signifer, P. Wiegmanni and P. Fitzingeri; listed as species of Liolaemus (Procotretus) are L. Natteri, L. marmoratus, and L. pectinatus; listed Liolaemus (Liodeira) are L. oxycephalus, L. tenuis, L. cyanogaster, and L. multimaculatus; listed as species of Liolaemus (Liolaemus) are L. olivaceous, L. chiliensis, and L. unicolor; p. 77 - Phymaturus listed as a synonym of Urocentron; Urocentron Daudini, substitute name for Lucerta palluma Molina 1782. Formas, J. R. 1979. La herpetofauna de los bosques temperados de Sud América. Pp. 341-369, in: W. E. Duellman (ed.), The South American herpetofauna: its origin, evolution and dispersal. Monograph of the Museum of Natural History, University of Kansas 7: 1-485. Fox, H. 1977. The urinogenital system of reptiles. Pp. 1-157, in: C. Gans and T. S. Parsons (eds.), Biology of the Reptilia, Volume 6: Morphology E. Academic Press, New York, xiv+505 pp. p. 87 - cites Zurich et al. (1971) for adrenergic receptors in Liolaemus tenuis tenuis and L. gravenhorsti. Fox, S. F., S. Perea-Fox, and R. C. Franco. 1994. Development of the tail autotomy adaptation in lizards under disparate levels of predation at the high and low elevations in Mexico. Southwestern Naturalist 39: 311-322. p. 318 - cite Medel et al. (1990) for more predation on low elevation Liolaemus compared to high elevation species in Chile. Freiberg, M. A. 1939. Enumeracidn sistematica de los reptiles de Entre Rios y lista de los ejemplares que los representan en el Museo de Entre Rios. Memorias del Museo de Entre Rios, Parana 11: 1-28. Freiberg, M. A. 1954. Vida de batracios y reptiles sudamericanos. Caesarini Hons. Buenos Aires. Frenzel, P. 1987. Erpolgriche Erstnachzucht von Liolaemus tenuis, einem selten gepflegten Erdleguan aus Chile. Sauria 9(1): 9-12. Frost, D.R. 1992. Phylogenetic analysis and taxonomy of the Tropidurus group of lizards (Iguania: Tropiduridae). American Museum of Natural History Novitates 3033: 1-68. p. 8 - the third taxonomic outgroup for the Tropidurus group is the Liolaemus group (Liolaemus, Phymaturus, and Ctenoblepharys); p. 19 - a sternal fontanelle is absent in Liolaemus occipitalis and in some other Liolaemus; p. 20 - the shoulder girdle of Phymaturus is inflected at the scapula-suprascapula suture; p. 25 - in Phymaturus and Liolaemus the antehumeral fold goes over the gular fold, a condition that may be correlated with the fatty pouches on the sides of the neck. Frost, D. R. and R. Etheridge. 1989. A phylogenetic analysis and taxonomy of iguanian lizards (Reptilia: Squamata). University of Kansas Museum of Natural History Museum, Miscellaneous Publication 81: 1-65. p. 45 - Liolaeminae proposed as a new subfamily of Tropiduridae. The content of Liolaeminae is Ctenoblepharys, Liolaemus, and Phymaturus. Fuentes E.R. 1974. Structural convergence of lizard comunities in central Chile and Southern California. Unpublished Doctoral Dissertation, University of California Berkeley, 136 pp. Fuentes, E.R. 1976. Ecological convergence of lizard communities in Chile and California. Ecology 57: 3-17. 3 - includes comparisons of California lizards with Liolaemus fuscus, L. lemniscatus, L. monticola, L. nigroviridis, L. schroederi, and L. tenuis. Fuentes, E.R. 1977. Autoecologia de Liolaemus nigromaculatus (Lacertilia, Iguanidae). Anales del Museo de Historia Natural de Valparaiso 10: 169-177. Fuentes, E. R. 1978. Evolution of lizard niches in Mediterranean habitats. Pp. 417-444, in: F. di Castri, D. W. Goodall, and R. L. Specht (eds.). Ecosystems of the world 11: Mediterranean-type shrublands. Elsevier Science Publishing, Amsterdam. Fuentes, E. R. and J. Cancino. 1979. Rock-ground patchiness in a simple Liolaemus lizard community (Reptilia, Lacertilia, Iguanidae). Journal of Herpetology 13(3): 343-350. - Liolaemus nigromaculatus and L. platei studied. Fuentes, E. R. and F. di Castri. 1975. Ensayo di herbivoria experimental en especies de Liolaemus (Iguanidae) chilenos. Anales del Museo de Historia Natural de Valparaiso 8: 66-75. [1976] Fuentes, E. R. and J. Ipinza. 1979. A note on the diet of Liolaemus monticola (Reptilia, Lacertilia, Iguanidae). Journal of Herpetology 13(1): 123-124. - compare proportion and types of ants eaten by Liolaemus fuscus, L. monticola, and L. nigroviridis. Fuentes, E. R. and F. M. Jaksic. 1979. Lizards and rodents: an explanation for their relative species diversity in Chile. Archivos de Biologia y Medicina Experimentales (Santiago) 12: 179-190. - propose various speciation models and discuss adaptive radiation in the genus Liolaemus. Fuentes, E. R. and F. M. Jaksic . 1979. Activity temperatures of eight Liolaemus (Iguanidae) species in central Chile. Copeia 1979(3): 546-548. - field body temperatures provided for Liolaemus fuscus, L. lemniscatus, L. monticola, L. nigromaculatus, L. nigroviridis, L. nitidus, L. platei, and L. schroederi. Fuentes, E. R. and F. M. Jaksic. 1980. Ecological species replacement of Liolaemus lizards along a habitat gradient. Oecologia 46: 45-48. - Liolaemus lemniscatus and L. platei studied. Fuenzalida, M., J. Illanes, Y. de la Vega, E. Berqvist, M. Garcia, J. Wacyk, and D. Lemus. 1981. Comparative analysis of egg weight variation during incubation in ovoviparous and oviparous species (lizard and quail). International Research Communications System (IRCS) Medical Science 9(8): 676. - eggs of Liolaemus tenuis tenuis increase in mass during incubation. Fuieri, P. 1969. Sperm morphology in some reptiles: Squamata and Chelonia. Comparative spermatology. Pp. 115, in: C. Baccetti (ed.), Proceedings of the First International Symposium on Comparative Spermology. Rome- Siena, July 1969. Furieri, P. 1974. Sperms and spermatogenesis in certain Argentinian iguanids. Revista de Biologia 67(3): 281-300. - Liolaemus austromendocinus and Phymaturus palluma studied. Gallardo, J. M. 1961. Panorama zoolégico argentino: batracios y reptiles. Physis (Buenos Aires) 22(63): 171-180. Gallardo, J. M. 1966. Liolaemus lentus nov. sp. (Iguanidae) de la pampa y algunas observaciones sobre los saurios de dicha provincia argentina y del oeste de Buenos Aires. Neotropica (Buenos Aires) 12(37): 15-29. p. 17 - t.d. Liolaemus lentus; p. 20 - Liolaemus darwinii description and localities; p. 21 - L. multimaculatus description and localities; p. 22 - L. gracilis description and localities. Gallardo, J. M. 1968. Dos nuevas especies de Iguanidae (Sauria) de la Argentina. Neotropica (Buenos Aires) 14(43): 1- 8. p. 7. Liolaemus lentus exhibits batesian mimicry with Leiosaurus bardensis, which coexist at Ishigualasto. Gallardo, J. M. 1969. Las especies de saurios (Reptilia) de la provincia de Santa Fé, Argentina, y consideraciones sobre su ecologia y zoogeografia. Neotrépica (Buenos Aires) 15(47): 73-81. p- 75 - Liolaemus wiegmanni occurs on loose sand at Colonia Mascias. Gallardo, J. M. 1970. Saurios argentinos. IJ. Los lagartos patagdénicos. Ciencia e Investigacén 26(9): 296-403. Gallardo, J. M. 1970. Estudio ecolégico sobre los anfibios y reptiles del sudoeste de provincia de Buenos Aires, Argentina. Revista del Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales “Bernadino Rivadivia.” Ciencia y Ecologia (Buenos Aires), Zoologia 9(3): 27-67. Gallardo, J. M. 1971. Algunas ideas sobre la zoogeografia de los Saurios patagénicos. Revista del Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales “Bernadino Rivadivia.” Ciencia y Ecologia (Buenos Aires) 1(4): 135-146. Gallardo, J. M. 1971. Composicién faunistica de los saurios de la provincia de La Pampa, Republica Argentina. Neotrdpica (Buenos Aires) 17(52): 44-48. 32 Gallardo, J. M. 1976. Estudios ecolégicos sobre los anfibios y reptiles de la depresi6n del Salado, provincia de Buenos Aires, Argentina. Revista del Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales “Bernadino Rivadivia.” Cigncia y Ecologia (Buenos Aires) 2: 1-26. Gallardo, J. M. 1977. Reptiles de los alrededores de Buenos Aires. Editorial Universitaria de Buenos Aires, 213 pp. - chapters on anatomy, reproduction, food, behavior, and taxonomy of Liolaemus gracilis, L. multimaculatus, and L. wiegmanni. Gallardo, J. M. 1979. Composici6n, distribucién y origen de la herpetofauna chaquefia. Pp. 331-349, in: W. E. Duellman (ed.), The South American herpetofauna: its origin, evolution and dispersal. Monograph of the Museum of Natural History, University of Kansas 77: 1-485. Gallardo, J. M. 1980. Estudio ecoldégico sobre anfibios y reptiles del noroeste de la provincia de Buenos Aires (Argentina). I Reunidn Iberoamericano de Zoologia Vertebrado, La Rabida 331-349. p. 341 - Liolaemus wiegmanni is oviparous; p. 346 - L. wiegmanni lives in northwest Buenos Aires province. Gallardo, J. M. 1982. Los ecosistemas naturales argentinos. Cuadernos de Vida Silvestre (FVSA) 1: 3-11. Gallardo, J. M. 1985. La exoistencia de un corredor faunistico entre la herpetofauna Chaquefa y la litoral mesopotamica. Boletin de la Asociaci6n Herpetolégica Argentina 2(4): 13-15. Gallardo, J. M., M. Miranda, and M. Tio Vallejo. 1987. Evaluacién de la saurofauna de la provincia de Entre Rios (Republica Argentina). Revista del Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales “Bernadino Rivadavia”’ (Zoologia) 15(5): 87-94. Gallina, S. M. E. Maury, K. Rogovin, and D. Semenov. 1985. Comparacién de dos comunidades de lagartijas de los desiertos chihuahuense y de Karakum. Acta Zoolégica Mexicana 11: 1-16. Gandolfi, H. 1908. Die zunge der Agamidae und Iguanidae. Zoologischer Anzeiger 32: 569-580. Garcia de Oreja, S., J. M. Chani, and M. T. de Mandri. 1989. Rasgos particulares en la dieta de Liolaemus scapularis Laurent, 1982 (Lacertilia: Iguanidae). Cuadernos de Herpetologia 4(1): 1-3. - examined 32 specimens from southern Salta, Argentina; Coleoptera constitute 65% of the total stomach volume. Garcia de Oreja, S., M. Procaccini, and J. M. Chani. 1985. Habitos alimentarios de lagartos de ambientes medanosos. Boletin de la Asociacion Herpetolégica Argentina 1(1-3): 6. Gasparini, Z., M. de la Fuente, and O. Donadio. 1986. Los reptiles cenozoicos de la Argentina: implicancias paleoambientales y evolucion biogeografica. Acta IV Congreso Argentino de Paleontologia y Bioestratigrafia (Mendoza), pp. 119-130. p. 125 - fossils from Santa Cruz Province, age Santacrucense, may be Liolaemus. Gauthier, J. A., R. Estes, and K. de Queiroz. 1988. A phylogenetic analysis of Lepidosauromorpha. Pp. 117-281, in: R. Estes and G. Pregill (eds.), Phylogenetic relationships of the lizard families: essays commemorating Charles L. Camp. Stanford University Press, Stanford, California, xii+631 pp. p. 144 - Liolaemus, unlike other iguanians, have the orbitonasal fenestra bordered laterally by descending processes of the frontal bone. Gigoux, E.E. 1928. El Leiolaemus [sic] nigromaculatus. Revista Chilena de Historia Natural 31: 182-185. Girard, C. 1854. Abstract of a report to Lieut. James M. Gilliss, U.S.N., upon the reptiles collected during the U.S. Astronomical Expedition to Chili. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 1854: 226- 227. p. 227 - t.d. Proctotretus femoratus; t.d. Proctotretus stantoni. Girard, C. 1855. Reptiles. Pp. 207-229, in: J. M. Gilliss et al. (eds.), The U.S. Naval Astronomical Expedition to the southern hemisphere during the years 1849-50-51-52. Washington, 2: ix(+2)+300 pp. - Proctotretus femoratus, P. stantoni, and P. tenuis recorded from vicinity of Santiago, Chile. Girard, C. 1858. Descriptions of some new reptiles collected by the U.S. Exploring Expedition, under the command of Capt. Charles Wilkes, U.S.N., Fourth part. - Including the species of Saurians, exotic to North America. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 9(1857): 195-199. p. 198 - t.d. Rhytidodeira, referred are Proctotretus kingii, P. magellanicus, P. bibroni, P. wiegmanni, Tropidurus nigromaculatus, T. oxycephalus; t.d. Eulaemus: referred are Proctotretus darwinii, P. fitzingeri, P. pictus, P. signifer, P. tenuis, and Liolaemus maculatus Gray; t.d. Ortholaemus: referred are Proctoretus maculatus D & B, P. wiegmanni (O. fitzroyi); p. 199 - Ortholaemus beaglii (substitute name for Proctotretus multimaculatus Bell). 33 Girard, C. 1858. United States Exploring Expedition during the years 1838, 1839, 1840, 1841, 1842, under the command of Charles Wilkes, U.S.N., Volume 20, Herpetology. xvii+496 pp., Philadelphia, J. B. Lippincott and Co. p. 329 - Proctotretus (Proctotretus) splendidus; p. 334 - Liolaemus (Liolaemus); p. 340 - Liolaemus (Liolaemus) chilensis, Liolaemus (Ptychodeira); p. 341 - Liolaemus (Ptychodeira) gracilis; p. 344 - Liolaemus (Ptychodeira) femorata; p. 347 - Liolaemus (Ptychodeira) stantoni; Liolaemus (Ptychodeira) cyanogaster; p. 348 - Liolaemus (Ptychodeira) intermedia; p. 349 - Liolaemus (Ptychodeira) mosaica; Rhytidodeira magellanica; p. 352 - Rhytidodeira bibroni; Rhytidodeira wiegmanni; p. 353 - Rhytidodeira nigromaculata; Rhytidodeira oxycephalus; p. 357 - Liolaemus (Eulaemus);, Liolaemus (Eulameus) tenuis; p. 361 - Liolaemus (Eulaemus) darwini; p. 364 - Liolaemus (Eulaemus) pictus; p. 365 - Liolaemus (Eulaemus) fitzingeri; p. 366 - Liolaemus (Eulaemus) affinis,; Liolaemus (Eulaemus) signifer;, p. 367 - Liolaemus (Eulaemus) maculatus; p. 368 - Liolaemus (Ortholaemus); p. 369 - Liolaemus (Ortholaemus) beaglii; p. 372 - Liolaemus (Ortholaemus) multimaculatus; p. 373 - Liolaemus (Ortholaemus) fitzroyi. Gliesch, R. 1923. Die Tierwelt von Torres. Neue Deutsche Zeitung (Porto Alegre) 23 pp. - provides ecological data for Liolaemus occipitalis. Gmelin, J. F. 1789. Caroli a Linné Systema Naturae 1(3): 1035-1514. p. 1060 - lists Lacerta Pelluma. Goetsch, W. and W. Hellmich. 1932. Variabilitat bei chilenischen Eidechsen und Fréschen. Zeitschrift fiir Inductive Abstammgunas-Vererbungslehre 62: 67-72. p. 68 - t.d. Liolaemus nigromaculatus kuhlmanni nomen nudum. Goin, C. J. and O. B. Goin. 1962. Introduction to herpetology. W.H. Freeman and Company, San Francisco and London. p. 129 - body temperature of Liolaemus m. multiformis at high altitude in southern Peru was 31 °C, although air temperature in the shade nearby was 0 °C. Gomez, N. and L. Krause. 1982. Lista preliminar de répteis de Estagao Ecoldgica do Taim, Rio Grande do Sul. Revista Brasileira de Zoologia 1: 71-77. p. 74 - Liolaemus occipitalis lives on coastal sand dunes. Gonzalez, C. B and E. M. Rodriguez. 1980. Ultrastructure and immunocytochemistry of neurons in the supraoptic and paraventricular nuclei of the lizard Liolaemus cyanogaster evidence for the intra-cisternal location of the precursors of neurophysin. Cell and Tissue Research 207(3): 463-478. Gorman, G. C. 1973. The chromosomes of the Reptilia. Pp. 349-424, in: A. E. Chiarelli and E. Capanna (eds.), Cytotaxonomy and vertebrate evolution. Academic Press, London. p. 373 - cites Gorman et al. (1967) for karyotype of Liolaemus lutzae. Gorman, G. C., L. Atkins, and T. Holzinger. 1967. New karyotypic data on 15 genera of lizards in the family Iguanidae with a discussion of taxonomic and cytological implications. Cytogenetics 6: 286-299. - Liolaemus lutzae has 12 pair of macrochromosomes, one much larger than the others and probably representing centric fusion from the original 12 pairs; there are 22 pairs of microchromosomes. Gotch, A. F. 1995. Latin names explained: a guide to the scientific classification of reptiles, birds & mammals. Facts on File, New York. p. 82 - Liolaemus altissimus translates as “‘smooth-throated” + “high [elevation]”; p. 83 - Liolaemus magellanicus translates as ““smooth-throated” + “belonging to [the Straits of] Megellan”. Gravenhorst, J. L.C. 1837. Beitrage zur genauern Kenntniss einiger Eidechsengattungen. Nova Acta Academiae Caesarae Liopoldina Carolinae Germaninicae Naturae Curisorum 18(2): 712-784. p. 723 - t.d. Liolaemus lineatus; p. 728 - t.d. Liolaemus unicolor; p. 729 - t.d. Liolaemus marmoratus; p. 731 - t.d. Liolaemus lemniscatus, p. 732 - t.d. Liolaemus heiroglyphicus; p. 737 - t.d. Liolaemus conspersus; p. 749 - t.d. Phymaturus; p. 750 - lists Phymaturus palluma. Gray, J. E. 1831. A synopsis of the species of the Class Reptilia, 110 pp. Appendix to E. Griffith, The Animal Kingdom...by Baron Cuvier, with additional description of all the species hitherto named, and of many not before noticed. Vol. p, Whittaker, Treacher and Co., London. p. 44 - t.d. Tropidolepis Belli, may be referrable to Liolaemus. Gray, J.E. 1845. Catalogue of the specimens of lizards in the collection of the British Museum. Trustees of the British Museum (London), xxviii+289 pp. - descriptions and synonomies are provided for: p. 210 - Leiodera Chiliensis; p. 211 - Leiodera Gravenhorstii 34 and L. gracilis; p. 212 - Leiolaemus (ex error); t.d. L. cyanogaster; L. Bibronii; p. 213 - t.d. Leiolaemus lineatus; L. nigromaculatus; t.d. L. inconspicuus; L. pictus; p. 214 - Leiolaemus tenuis, L. signifer; t.d. L. maculatus; p. 215 - Leiolaemus Fitzingerii, L. Darwinii, and L. Kingiii; p. 216 - Leiolaemus Wiegmanni, Proctotretus; p. 217 - Proctotretus multimaculatus, p. 226 - Phrymaturus (ex error), P. Palluma. Greene, H. W. 1982. Dietary and phenotypic diversity in lizards: why are some organisims specialized? Pp. 107-128, in: D. Mossakowsky and G. Roth (eds.), Environmental adapatation and evolution. Gustav Fischer, Stuttgart, New York. p. 109 - cites Ortiz (1974) for Liolaemus pictus eating snails; p. 110 - cites Fuentes and Itinza (1979) for myrmecophagy in L. monticola; p. 111 - as occasional consumers of plant matter: cites Donoso-Barros (1966) for Ctenoblephasris jamesi; some species of Liolaemus are “largely or entirely herbivorous.” Greene, H. W. 1988. Antipredator mechanisms in reptiles. Pp. 1-152, in: C. Gans and R. B. Huey (eds.), Biology of the Reptilia, Volume 16: Ecology B, Defense and Life History. Alan R. Liss, New York, xii+659 pp. p. 29, 33, 126, 140 - cites Carothers (1987) for vocalization in Liolaemus chiliensis. Greer, A. E. 1992. The orientation of the embryo on the yolk mass in squamates. Herpetologica 48(3): 343-346. p. 343 - cites Lemus (1967) for Liolaemus gravenhorti [sic] having embryo with left side adjacent to yolk. Gregory, P. T. 1982. Reptilian hibernation. Pp. 53-154, in: C. Gans and F. H. Pough (eds.), Biology of the Reptilia, Volume 13: Physiology D, Physiological Ecology. Academic Press, New York, xiv+354 pp. p. 98 - reproductive cycles in temporate zones and high elevations closely tied to winter phase of annual cycle: cites Pearson (1954) for Liolaemus multiformis. Grimalt, P. E., L. P. Castro, L. S. Mayorga, and F. Bertini. 1995. Epididymal acid hydrolases in the annual reproductive cycle of two lizards. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology 112A(2): 321-325. - assesed in Liolaemus elongatus and Phymaturus palluma. Gudynas, E. 1981. New departmental records of Liolaemus wiegmanni from Uruguay. Herpetological Review 12(3): 84. p. 84 - distribution of Liolaemus wiegmanni now documented to the South Rio Uruguay, Rio La Plata, and continuously along 750 km of sandy Atlantic Ocean coast in southern Uruguay. Specific localities provided. Gudynas, E. 1981. Comentarios sobre biotopos, habitats, herpetofauna y la biogeografia de Uruguay y dreas vecinas. Jornadas de Ciencias Naturales, Restimenes. Centro Educativo Don Orone, Montevideo 2: 7-8. Gudynas, E. 1981. Consideraciones sobre la herpetofauna del Uruguay y areas vecinas con una aproximacidn biogeografica. Jornadas de Ciencias Naturales, Resimenes. Centro Educativo Don Orone, Montevideo 2: 5-6. Gudynas, E. 1989. Amphibians and reptiles of a coastal periurban ecosystem (Solymar, Uruguay): list, preliminary analysis of community structure, and conservation. Bulletin of the Maryland Herpetological Society 25(3): 85- 123% Gudynas, E. and J.C. Rudolf. 1987. La herpetofauna de la localidad costera de “Pajas Blancas” (Uruguay): lista sistimatica comentada y estructura ecolégica de la comunidad. Comunicaciones do Museo de Ciéncias da PUCRS, Porto Alegre 46: 173-194. Gugg, W. 1939. Der Skleralring der plagiotremen Reptilien. Zoologische Jahrbuecher. Abteilung fiir Anatomie und Ontogenie der Tiere 65: 339-416. - describes scleral ossicles in Liolaemus. Guibé, J. 1959. Catalogue des types de lezards du Muséum National d’ Histoire Naturelle, Paris, Bayeux: Imp. Colas, 119 pp. Guichenot. 1848-49. Reptilia. Pp. 18-136, in: C. Gay (ed.), Historia fisica y politica de Chile. Tomo segundo, Zooldgia. Casa del Autor, Paris. Museo de Historia Natural, Santiago, 372 pp. p. 23 — Proctotretus, p. 24 - P. chilensis; p. 26 - P. mosaicus; p. 28 - P. cyanogaster; p. 30 - P. pictus; p. 32 - P. tenuis; p. 34 - P. nigromaculatus; p. 36 - P. Wiegmanii; p. 38 - P. Fitzingerii; p. 40 - P. signifer; p. 42 - P. multimaculatus; p. 46 - P. magellanicus; p. 51 — Oplurus; p. 53 - O. Bibronii. Gunther, A. 1881. Account on the reptiles in the collection of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia. Proceeding of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia (1856): 221-237. Guthe, K. F. 1981. Reptilian muscle: fine structure and physiological parameters. Pp. 265-354, in: C. Gans and T. S. Parsons (eds.), Biology of the Reptilia, Volume 11: Morphology F. Academic Press, New York, xii+475 pp. - cites Lemus et al. (1970) and Paz de la Vega-Lemus et al. (1971) for effects of drugs on oviduct of Liolaemus. Habit, E. M. and J.C. Ortiz. 1994. Home range of Phymaturus flagellifer (Reptilia: Tropiduridae). Boletin de la Sociedad de Biologia de Concepcidn 65: 191-195. 35 Haffer, J. 1979. Quaternary biogeography of tropical lowland South America. Pp. 107-140, in: W. E. Duellman (ed.), The South American herpetofauna: its origin, evolution and dispersal. Monograph of the Museum of Natural History, University of Kansas 7: 1-485. p. 131 - cites Vanzolini and Ab’ Saber (1968) relating dispersal and differentiation of two species of Liolaemus in southeastern Brazil to dated climatic-vegetational shifts, and Miiller and Steiniger’s (1977) refutation of their conclusions. Hall, W. P. 1983. Modes of speciation and evolution in the sceloporine iguanid lizards. I. Epistemology of the comparative approach and introduction to the problem. Pp. 643-679, in: A. G. J. Rhodin and K. Miyata (eds.), Advances in herpetology and evolutionary biology. Museum of Comparative Zoology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, cxix+725. p. 658 - the correlation between species diversity and chromosomal diversity should also be studied in very species rich genera such as Liolaemus. Hallermann, J. 1994. Zur Morphologie der Ethmoidalregion der Iguania (Squamata) - eine vergleichend-anatomische Untersuchung. Bonner Zoologische Monographien 35: 1-33. - Phymaturus palluma, Liolaemus gravenhorstii, and L. tenuis examined. Hallowell, E. 1856. Notes on the reptiles in the collection of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philad’a. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 8(1856): 221-237. p. 233 - t.d. Proctotretus niger. Halloy, M. 1989. Agrupaciones nocturan en dos poblaciones del lagarto de alta montana Liolaemus darwinii (Iguanidae) en cautiverio. Boletin de la Asociacién Herpetoldgica Argentina 5(3): 7-8. Halloy, M. 1991. Asociacién reproductiva entre dos especies simpatricas de Liolaemus, Iguanidae. Boletin de la Asociacion Herpetologica Argentina 7(1): 8. Halloy, M. 1991. Comportamento de inmersion en arena suelta de cinco especies de lagartos del género Liolaemus (Iguanidae). Boletin de la Asociacion Herpetologica Argentina 7(2): 5. Halloy, M. 1996. Behavior patterns in Liolaemus quilmes (Tropiduridae), a South American lizard. Bulletin of the Maryland Herpetological Society 32(2): 43-57. Halloy, M., R. Etheridge, and G. M. Burghardt. 1998. To bury in the sand: phylogenetic relationships among lizard species of the boulengeri group, Liolaemus (Reptilia: Squamata: Tropiduridae), based on behavioral characters. Herpetological Monographs 12: 1-37. Halloy, M., C. Grosse, and R. F. Laurent. 1991. Liolaemus andinus (Iguanidae) de deux cdétés des Andes. Revue Francais de Aquariologie 18(1991)(2): 61-64. p. 61 - Liolaemus poecilochromis is a subspecies of L. andinus. Halloy, M. and S. Halloy. 1997. An indirect form of parental care in a high altitude viviparous lizard, Liolaemus huacahuasicus (Tropiduridae). Bulletin of the Maryland Herpetological Society 33(3): 139. Halloy, M. and R. F. Laurent. 1984. Clelia rustica (Cope). Revue Francais de Aquariologie 1: 1-2. p. 2 - young Clelia rustica will eat Liolaemus bitaeniatus. Halloy, S. 1978. Contribucidn al estudio de la zona de Huaca-Huasi, Cumbres Calchaquies (Tucuman, Argentina). I. La biota actual en relacidn con la geologia historica. Seminario de la Facultad de Ciencias Naturales de la Universidad Nacional de Tucuméan, pp. 1-50. Halloy, S. and J. S. Gonzalez. 1993. An inverse relation between frost survival and atmospheric pressure. Artic and Alpine Research 25(2): 117-123. - Liolaemus huacahuasicus can survive subfreezing temperatures at high elevation (4250 m) but not at low elevation (470 m). Halloy, S. and R. F. Laurent. 1988. Notes éco-éthologiques sur Liolaemus huacahuasicus Laurent (Iguanidae) du Nord-Ouest argentin. Revue Francais de Aquariologie 14(1987)(4): 137-144. p. 137 - Liolaemus multiformis is a synonym of L. signifer; L. huacahuasicus occurs between 3700-4650 m in the Cumbres Calchaquies in Tucuman Province; includes notes on ecology and behavior with color photographs. : Heatwole, H. 1977. Habitat selection in reptiles. Pp. 137-155, in: C. Gans and D. W. Tinkle (eds.), Biology of the Reptilia, Volume 7: Ecology and Behaviour A. Academic Press, New York, xvi+720. p. 147 - lizards become arboreal in presence of competitive terrestrial species: cites Hurtubia (1973) and Hurtubia and di Castri (1973) for Liolaemus tenuis in presence of L. lemniscatus. Hellmich, W. 1934. Die Eidechsen Chiles insbesonders die Gattung Liolaemus. Nach den Sammlungen Goetsch- Hellmich. Abhandlungen Bayerische Akademie der Wissenschaften (N.F.) 24: 1-140. 36 - includes detailed descriptions, measurements, localities, photographs, and biogeography of 29 Liolaemus taxa and Phymaturus palluma. Hellmich, W. 1938. Beitrage zur Kenntnis der Herpetofauna Chiles. XII. Die Eidechsen des Volcan Villa Rica (Sammlung Schréder). Zoologischer Anzeiger 124(9-10): 237-242. Hellmich, W. 1950. Uber die Liolaemus - Arten Patagoniens. Arkiv foer Zoologi (Stockholm) (2)1(22): 345-353. Hellmich, W. 1950. Die Eidechsen der Ausbeute Schréder (Gattung Liolaemus, Iguan.) (Beitrage zur Kenntnis der Herpetofauna Chiles XIII). Veréffentlichungen Zoologische Staatsammlung (Miinchen) 1: 129-194. p. 136 - t.d. Liolaemus altissimus moradoensis; p. 142 - t.d. Liolaemus leopardinus valdesianus; p. 144 - t.d. Liolaemus lorenzmulleri; p. 152 - t.d. Liolaemus nigroviridis campanae. Hellmich, W. 1951. On ecotypic and autotypic characters, a contribution to the knowledge of the evolution of the genus Liolaemus (Iguanidae). Evolution 5: 359-369. - Liolaemus exhibit variation in body size and proportion, extremity length, color, and number of scales relative to climatic gradients. Hellmich, W. 1952. Ensayo de una clave para las especies chilenas del género Liolaemus. Investigaciones Zooldgicas Chilenas 1(7): 10-14. Hellmich, W. 1952. Contribuci6n al conocimiento de la sistematica y evolucién del género Liolaemus. Investigaciones Zoolégicas Chilenas 1(8): 7-15. Hellmich, W. 1953. Contribucién al conocimiento de la sistematica y evolucién del género Liolaemus. Bibliografia. Investigaciones Zoolégicas Chilenas 1(10): 16. Hellmich, W. 1960. Die Sauria der Gran Chaco und seiner Randgebiete. Abhandlungen Bayerische Akademie der Wissenschaften (N.F.) 101: 1-131. p. 37 - Liolaemus bibronii recorded from Rio Negro and Chubut; p. 38 - L. chacoensis from Paraguay; L darwinii from Neuquén; L. elongatus from Rio Negro; p. 39 - L. fuscus and L. goetschi from Neuquén, L. kreigi and L. pictus argentinus from Rio Negro; p. 40 - L. rothi and L. wiegmanni from Rio Negro. Hellmich, W. 1961. Bemerkungen zur geographischen Variabilitat von Liolaemus alticolor Barbour (Iguan.). Opuscula Zoologica (Miinchen) 58: 1-6. p. 2 - Liolaemus alticolor alticolor (new combination); L. alticolor walkeri (new combination). Hellmich, W. 1962. Bemerkungen zur individuellen Variabilitat von Liolaemus multiformis (Cope). (Iguan.). Opuscula Zoologica (Miinchen) 67: 1-10. Hellmich, W. 1964. Uber eine neue Liolaemus -Art aus den Bergen von Catamarca, Argentinien (Reptilia, Iguanidae). Senckenbergiana Biologica 45(3-5): 505-507. p. 505 - t.d. Liolaemus robertmertensi. Hendricks, F. S. and J. R. Dixon. Regenerated tail frequencies in populations of Cnemidophorus marmoratus (Reptilia: Teiidae). Southwestern Naturalist 33: 121-124. p. 124 - cite Jaksic and Fuentes (1980) for tail break frequencies in Liolaemus not necessarily related to predation. Hubert, J. 1985. Embryology of the squamates. Pp. 1-34, in: C. Gans and F. Billett (eds.), Biology of the Reptilia, Volume 15, Development. John Wiley & Sons, New York, x+731 pp. p. 6 - cites Lemus (1967) and Leyton et al. (1980) for embryonic stages in Liolaemus gravenhorsti; quotes Lemus and Duvauchelle (1966) and Lemus et al. (1981) for L. tenuis. Hulse, A.C. 1979. A new Liolaemus (Sauria, Iguanidae) from the high Andes of Argentina, with ecological comments. Annals of the Carnegie Museum 48(12): 203-209. p. 204 - t.d. Liolaemus capillitas. Hunziker, R. 1997. Swifts & spiny lizards. T. F. H. Publications, Neptune City, New Jeersey, 64 pp. - discusses husbandry and provides color photographs of several Chilean species of Liolaemus. Hurtubia, J. 1973. Trophic diversity measurements in sympatric predatory species. Ecology 54(4): 885-890. - includes diet analyses of Liolaemus lemniscatus, L. fuscus, and L. t. tenuis. Hurtubia, J. and F. di Castri. 1973. Segregation of lizard niches in the Mediterranean region of Chile. Pp. 349-360, in: F. di Castri and H. A. Mooney (eds.), Ecological studies: analysis and synthesis, Volume 7. Springer-Verlag, Berlin. - Liolaemus tenuis becomes more arboreal in the presence of terrestrial lizards; Liolaemus increase the proportion of plant material in their diets at higher elevations. 37 Ibargiiengoytia, N. R. and V. E. Cussac. 1996. Reproductive biology of the viviparous lizard, Liolaemus pictus (Tropiduridae): biennial female reproductive cycle? Herpetological Journal 6: 137-143. Ibargiiengoytia, N. R. and V. E. Cussac. 1998. Reproduction of the viviparous lizard Liolaemus elongatus in the highlands of southern South America: plastic cycles in response to climate? Herpetological Journal 8: 99-105. Ibargiiengoytia, N. R. and V. E. Cussac. 1999. Male response to low frequency of female reproduction in a vivparous lizard Liolaemus (Tropiduridae). Herpetological Journal 9: 111-117. - timing of spermatogenesis provided for Liolaemus elongatus and L. pictus. Ibargiiengoytia, N. R., V. E. Cussac, and C. A. Ubeda. 1997. Simpatria de Liolaemus elongatus y L. pictus (Tropiduridae): una hipétesis reproductiva para explicar su distribucidn en relaci6n con el gradiente ambiental. VIII Congreso Iberoamericano de Biodiversidad y Zoologia de Vertebrados, Concepcion, Chile, p. 91. Ibish, P. and W. BoOhme. 1993. Zur Kenntnis der innerandinen Herpetofauna Boliviens (Provinz Arque, Departamento Cochabamba). Herpetofauna 15(84): 15-26. p. 18 - Liolaemus a. alticolor, L. a. walkeri, and L. multiformis distribution and affinities in this region; p. 21 - color photographs of above species. International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature. 1998. Opinion 1909: Holotropis herminieri Dumeéril and Bibron, 1837 (currently Leiocephalus herminieri), Proctotretus bibronii T. Bell, 1842 (currently Liolaemus bibronii) (Reptilia: Squamata): specific names conserved, and Liolaemus bellii Gray, 1845 placed on the Official List. Bulletin of Zoological Nomenclature 55(3): 201-203. p. 201 - the name bellii Gray, 1831, published in Tropidolepis bellii, is suppressed; bibronii T. Bell, 1842 as published in Proctotretus bibronii, and bellii Gray, 1845, as published in Liolaemus bellii, are placed on the Official List of Specific Names in Zoology. Ipinza Regla, J. H. 1985. Formicidos en el contenido gastrico de Liolaemus monticola (Reptilia). Revista Chilena de Entomologia 12: 165-168. - formicid ants are 95% of the diet of Liolaemus monticola. Iriarte, J. A., P. Feinsinger, and F. M. Jaksic. 1997. Trends in wildlife use and trade in Chile. Biological Conservation 81(1997): 9-20. p. 14 - table 8 lists ‘small’ lizards [including Liolaemus spp.] and Centrura flagellifer among the list of reptiles legally exported from Chile from 1985-1993. Iturra, P., A. Veloso, P. Espejo, and P. Navarro. 1994. Karyotypic and meiotic evidence for a Robertsonian chromosome polymorphism in the lizard Liolaemus fuscus (Tropiduridae, Sauria). Revista Brasileira de Genetica 17(2): 171-174. Iverson, J.B. 1982. Adaptations to herbivory in iguanine lizards. Pp. 60-76, in: G. M. Burghardt and S. Rand (eds.), Iguanas of the world: their behavior, ecology and conservation. Noyes Publications, Park Ridge, New Jersey, xix+472 pp. p. 61 - Phymaturus spp. are considered facultative herbivores or omnivores and not “true herbivores.” Jacquinot, H. and A. Guichenot. 1853. Voyage au Pol Sud et dans |’océanie sur les corvettes |’ Astrolabe et la Zelée, ...pendant les années 1837-1838-1839-1840, sous le commandement de M. J. Dumont-D’ Urville...Zoologie, par MM. Hombron et Jacquinot. Tome Troisiéme. Reptiles et Poissons. Gide et J. Baudry, Paris. - t.d. Proctotretus mosaicus; pl. 2, fig. 1. Jaksic, F. 1978. ¢A que tamajio se hace herbivora una lagartija? Anales del Museo de Historia Natural de Valparaiso 11: 113-116. Jaksic, F. 1996. Ecologia de los vertebrados de Chile. Ediciones Universidad Catolica de Chile, 262 pp. p. 47 - cites a number of publications concerning the karyotypes of Liolaemus. Jaksic, F. M. and E. R. Fuentes. 1980. Correlates of tail loss in twelve species of Liolaemus lizards. Journal of Herpetology 14(2): 137-141. Jaksic, F. M. and E. R. Fuentes. 1980. Observaciones autoecoldégicas en Liolaemus nitidus (Lacertilia: [guanidae). Studies on Neotropical Fauna and Environment 15(3-4): 109-124. - studied microhabitat use, body temperatures, diet, mass of gonads and fat bodies, and frequency of regenerated tails in Liolaemus nitidus. Jaksic, F. M., H. W. Greene, K. Schwenk, and R. L. Seib. 1982. Predation upon reptiles in Mediterranean habitats of Chile, Spain and California: a comparative analysis. Oecologia 53(2): 152-159. - includes Liolaemus chiliensis, L. fuscus, L. lemniscatus, L. monticola, and L. tenuis as prey items for numerous predators in Chile. 38 Jaksic, F. M. and H. Nijfiez. 1979. Escaping behavior and morphological correlates in two Liolaemus species of central Chile (Lacertilia: Iguanidae). Oecologia 42: 119-122. e - Liolaemus fuscus and L. lemniscatus studied. Jaksic, F. M. and K. Schwenk. 1983. Natural history observations on Liolaemus magellanicus, the southernmost lizard in the world. Herpetologica 39(4): 457-461. - Liolaemus magellanicus is not sexually color dimorphic; ovoviviparous with mean clutch size of 5.5; stomach contents (n = 1) suggest the species is herbivorous; field body temperatures (n = 20) average 27 °C. Jaksic, F. M., H. Niiez, and F. P. Ojeda. 1979. Proporciones corporales y utilizacidn del habitat en doce especies de Liolaemus de Chile central (Lacertilia, Iguanidae). Anales del Museo de Historia Natural de Valparaiso 12: 59- 68. Jaksic, F. M., H. Nunez, and F. P. Ojeda. 1980. Body proportions, microhabitat selection, and adaptive radiation in Liolaemus lizards in central Chile. Oecologia 45: 178-181. - compares 12 species of Liolaemus. Jaksic, F. M., J. L. Yanez, and J. L. Schlatter. 1980. Prey of the harris hawk Parabuteo unicinctus in central Chile. Auk 97(1): 196-198. - Liolaemus sp. eaten. Jerez R., V. and J.C. Ortiz Z. 1975. Distribuci6n altitudinal del género Liolaemus (Squamata-Iguanidae) en el cerro La Campana (Parque Nacional La Campana). Anales del Museo de Historia Natural de Valparaiso 8 (1975): 58- 61. - present in the park are: Liolaemus fuscus, L. lemniscatus, L. moticola, L. nigroviridis campanae, L. schroederi, and L. tenuis tenuis. Jones, S. 1989. Report on other wildlife. Royal Air Force Ornithological Society Journal 19: 33-34. - Liolaemus wiegmannii has been introduced to Ascension Island. Joseph, C. 1930. Un lagarto viviparo (Proctotretus chilensis Dum. et Bibr.). Revista Chilena de Historia Natural 34: 282-285. Junior, M. P. 1979. Notas biométricas sobre Liolaemus lutzae Mertens, 1938 (Sauria, Iguanidae). Papéis Avulsos de Zoologia (Sao Paulo) 32(16): 201-204. Kay, F.R. 1970. Environmental responses of active lizards at Saratoga Springs, Death Valley, California. Great Basin Naturalist 30: 146-165. p. 153 - cites Pearson (1954) for ability of Liolaemus multiformis to achieve a high body temperatures at high elevations in Peru even when ambient temperatures are near freezing. Keller, C. and L. Krause. 1986. The appendicular skeleton of Liolaemus occipitalis Boulenger 1885 (Sauria, Iguanidae). Revista Brasileira Biologia 46(4): 727-740. Klesse, M. C. and J. Moreno. 1985. Ciclo anual de la actividad testicular de Liolaemus copiapensis. Archivos de Biologia y Medicina Experimentales (Santiago) 18(2): R-142. Koslowsky, J. 1895. Batracios y reptiles de La Rioja y Catamarca (Republica Argentina) recogidos durante los meses de Febrero a Mayo de 1895 (expedicién del Director del Museo). Revista Museo La Plata 6: 357-370. p. 363 - Helocephalus nigriceps recorded from high cordilleras of Catamarca. Liolaemus nigromaculatus recorded from Catamarca. L. lineomaculatus recorded from the cordilleras of La Rioja; p. 364 - L. Darwini recorded from Chilecito. L. gracilis recorded from Antofagasta de la Sierra, Catamarca. L. Fitzingeri recorded from Catamarca. t.d. Liolaemus andinus from the cordilleras of Catamarca; p. 365 - Phymaturus palluma recorded from high cordilleras of Catamarca. Koslowsky, J. 1896. Sobre algunos reptiles de patagonia y otras regiones argentinas. Revista Museo La Plata 7: 447- 457. p. 447 - Liolaemus chilensis from Neuquén is the first report of species from Argentina. L. lemniscatus reported from Neuquén. L. gracilis reported from Chubut. L. cyanogaster reported from Neuquén, the first record from Argentina; p. 448 - Liolaemus Bibroni reported from Chubut and Neuquén. L. Kingii reported from Chubut, L. Fitzingeri reported from Chubut, Neuquén, and Rio Negro. L. lineomaculatus reported from Chubut. t.d. Liolaemus elongatus from Chubut; p. 449 - Liolaemus Darwini reported from Chubut and Neuquén; p. 450 - t.d. Liolaemus anomalus from La Rioja; p. 451 - Phymaturus palluma reported from Neuquén. Koslowsky, J. 1898. Enumeraci6n sistematica y distribucién de los reptiles argentinos. Revista Museo La Plata 8: 161-200. 39 p- 171 - description and range of Liolaemus. Helocephalus synonomyzed with Liolaemus. L. chiliensis reported from Neuquén. L. lemniscatus reported from Mendoza and Neuquén. Detailed description of specimens from Catamarca identified as L. Stantoni; p. 713 - L. gracilis reported from Tucuméan, Salta, and Jujuy. L. cyanogaster distinguished from L. bibroni and reported from Santa Cruz, Chubut, Rio Negro, Neuquén, and Chile. L. nigromaculatus reported from Catamarca and Atacama, Chile. L. magellanicus reported from the Straits of Magellan to Neuquén. L. Kingi reported from Santa Cruz, Chubut, Neuquén, and Chile. L. Fitzingeri reported from Santa Cruz, Chubut, Rio Negro, Neuquén, Mendoza, and Chile; p. 174 - Liolaemus pictus reported from Neuquén and Chile. L. elongatus reported from Chubut, Neuquén, and Mendoza. L. tenuis reported from Neuquén and Chile. t.d. Liolaemus D’Orbignyi from Catamarca; p. 175 - L. Darwini reported from Catamarca, San Juan, La Rioja, Mendoza, Neuquén, Rio Negro, Chubut, San Luis, Pampa Central, and near Bahia Blanca; p. 176 - L. Wiegmanni reported from Buenos Aires, Santa Fé, Pampa Central, Rio Negro, Uruguay, and Chile? t.d. Liolaemus Boulengeri from Chubut and Neuquén; p. 177 - t.d. Liolaemus Rothi from Neuquén; p. 178 - t.d. Liolaemus ornatus from cordilleras of Jujuy; p. 180 - L. signifer described as highly variable. L. nigriceps from Catamarca and Chile considered a variety of L. signifer. L. andinus said to be based on a female of this variety; p. 181 - t.d. L. signifer var. zonatus from Catamarca; p. 182 - t.d. Liolaemus signifer var. multicolor from Jujuy. t.d. Liolaemus signifer var montanus from Catamarca. L. anomalus reported from La Rioja. L. multimaculatus reported from Buenos Aires near Bahia Blanca to Mar del Plata; p. 184 - t.d. Phymaturus patagonicus. . Labra, A. 1997. Antipredator mechanisms of Liolaemus lizards: association between cryptic coloration and freezing responses. P. 164, in: M. Taborsky, and B. Taborsky (eds.), Advances in ethology, 32. Contributions to the XXV International Ethological Conference: Meeting, Vienna, Austria, 20-27 August, 1997, vii+323 pp. Blackwell Wissenschafts- Verlag, Berlin. Labra, A. 1998. Selected body temperatures of seven species of Chilean Liolaemus lizards. Revista Chilena de Historia Natural 71(3): 349-358. [1999] - studied in Liolaemus bellii, L. fabiani, L. lemniscatus, L. nitidus, L. p. pictus, L. p. chiloensis, L. schroederi, L. t. tenuis, L. t. punctatissimus. Labra, A. and R. Leonard. 1999. Intraspecific variation in antipredator responses of three species of lizards (Liolaemus): possible effects of human presence. Journal of Herpetology, 33(3): 441-448. - Liolaemus monticola, L. lemniscatus and L. fuscus studied. Lamborot, M. 1985. Rios como barrera al flujo génico en poblaciones naturales de Liolaemus monticola Miiller and Hellmich (Iguanidae). Archivos de Biologia y Medicina Experimentales (Santiago) 18(1): R-70. Lamborot, M. 1985. Variacion morfoldgica dentro y entre dos razas cromosémicas de Liolaemus monticola (Iguanidae) separadas por una barrera biogeografica. Archivos de Biologia y Medicina Experimentales (Santiago) 18(2): R- 143. Lamborot, M. 1991. Karyotypic variation among populations of Liolaemus monticola (Tropiduridae) separated by riverine barriers in the Andean Range. Copeia 1991(4): 1044-1059. Lamborot, M. 1993. Chromosomal evolution and speciation in some Chilean lizards. Evolucién Biolégica (Bogota) 7: 133-151. Lamborot, M. 1998. A new derived and highly polymorphic chromosomal race of Liolaemus monticola (Iguanidae) from the “Norte Chico” of Chile. Chromosomal Research 6: 247-254. - diploid chromosomes number from 42 to 44 with several polymorphisms. Lamborot, M. and E. Alvarez-Sarret. 1989. Karyotypic characterization of some Liolaemus lizards in Chile (Iguanidae). Genome 32: 393-403. - provide karyotypes of Liolaemus chiliensis, L. kuhlmanni, L. lemniscatus, L. nigromaculatus, L. nitidus, L. platei curicensis, L. platei platei, L. zapallarensis, and L. sp. Lamborot, M. and E. Alvarez-Sarret. 1993. Karyotypic variation within and between populations of Liolaemus monticola (Tropiduridae) separated by the Maipo River in the coastal range of central Chile. Herpetologica 49(4): 435-449. - arace of Liolaemus monticola south of the Maipo river has 2n = 34, and a race north of the river has 2n = 38-40. Lamborot, M. and M. Vasquez. 1998. A triploid lizard (Liolaemus gravenhorsti) from Chile. Journal of Herpetology 32(4): 617-620. 40 Lamborot, M., E. Alvarez-Starret, I. Campos, and A. Espinoza. 1981. Karyotypic characterization of three Chilean subspecies of Liolaemus monticola. Journal of Heredity 72: 328-334. Lamborot, M. and N. F. Diaz. 1987. A new species of Pristidactylus (Sauria, Iguanidae) from cect Chile and comments on the speciation in the genus. Journal of Herpetology 21(1): 29-37. p. 34 - in sympatry with Liolaemus chiliensis, L. fuscus, L. lemniscatus, L. monticola, L. nitidus, and L. tenuis. Lamborot, M. and L. Eaton. 1992. Concordance of morphological variation and chromosomal races of Liolaemus monticola (Tropiduridae) separated by riverine barriers in the Andes. Zeitschrift fuer Zoologische Systematik und Evolutionsforschung 30: 189-200. Lamborot, M., A. Espinoza, and E. E. Alvarez. 1979. Karyotypic variation in Chilean lizards of the genus Liolaemus (Iguanidae). Experientia 35(5): 593-595. - describe karyotypes (including macro- and microsome number) for 12 Liolaemus taxa. Lamborot, M. and M. Navarro-Suarez. 1984. Karyotypes and sex determination in Phymaturus palluma Molina (Iguanidae). Herpetologica 40(3): 258-264. - male 2n = 35 (32 autosomes + X1X2Y sex chromosomes); females 2n = 36 (32 autosomes + XIX1Y1Y1 sex chromosomes). Lamborot, M. and J. C. Ortiz. 1990. Liolaemus pseudolemniscatus, una nueva especie de lagarto del Norte Chico de Chile (Sauria: Tropiduridae). Guyana, Zoologia 54(3-4): 135-142. p. 136 - t.d. Liolaemus pseudolemniscatus. Latreille, P. A. 1802. ...des Lézards. Pp. 1-332, in: C. S. Sonnini and P. A. Latreille (eds.), Histoire naturelle des reptiles, Volume 1. Paris. p. 38 - lists Stellio Pelluma. Laurent, R. F. 1982. Description de trois espéces nouvelles du genre Liolaemus (Sauria, Iguanidae). Spixiana 5(2): 139-147. p. 139 - t.d. Liolaemus forsteri; p. 142 - t.d. Liolaemus ortizi; p. 144 - t.d. Liolaemus scapularis. Laurent, R. 1982. Las especies y “variedades” de Liolaemus descritas por J. Koslowsky (Sauria Iguanidae). Neotropica (La Plata) 28(80): 87-96. p. 89 - Liolaemus andinus revived; p. 91 - Liolaemus multicolor revived. Laurent, R. F. 1982. Sinonimia del género Pelusaurus Donoso-Barros con Liolaemus (Sauria, Iguanidae). Boletin de la Asociacién Herpetolégica Argentina 1(1): 9-10. p. 9 - Liolaemus cranwelli (new combination); Liolaemus cuyanus (new combination). Laurent, R. F. 1983. Contribuci6n al conocimiento de la estructura taxonémica del género Liolaemus Wiegmann (Iguanidae). Boletin de la Asociacién Herpetolégica Argentina 1(3): 15-18. - characteristics and content of the “chileno” group (Eulaemus available if recognized at generic or subgeneric level), and of “argentino” group. Discussion of possible affinities of Vilcunia and other Liolaemus not assigned to either of these two groups. Laurent, R. F. 1984. Tres especies nuevas del género Liolaemus (Reptilia, Iguanidae). Acta Zooldgica Lilloana 37(2): 273-294. p. 273 - t.d. Liolaemus variegatus, p. 275 - t.d. Liolaemus bitaeniatus; p. 278 - t.d. Liolaemus griseus. Laurent, R. F. 1984. Fenogramas de algunas especies representativas del género Liolaemus generos vecino (Iguanidae, Reptilia). Acta Zooldgica Lilloana 39(1): 5-17. Laurent, R. F. 1984. On some iguanid genera related to or previously confused with Liolaemus Wiegmann. Journal of Herpetology 18(4): 357-373. p. 359 - t.d. Ceiolaemus; p. 367 - Liolaemus sauridis modestus Tschudi = Stenocercus modestus; p. 370 - diagnoses and content of Liolaemus, Liolaemus (Liolaemus), Liolaemus (Ortholaemus), Ceiolaemus, Ctenoblepharis, and Phrynosaura. Laurent, R. F. 1984. Redescripcién de Liolaemus uspallatensis Macola y Castro (Iguanidae). Boletin del Museo de Ciencias Naturales y Antropoldgicas, “Juan Cornelio Moyano” (Mendoza, Argentina) 4: 51-55. Laurent, R. F. 1985. Herpetofauna of the forest remnants of northwestern Argentina. National Geographic Society Research Report, 1977 Projects: 417-427. Laurent, R. F. 1985. Relaciones entre algunos taxa tradicionalmente incluidos en el género Liolaemus Wiegmann (Iguanidae). Boletin de la Asociacién Herpetolégica Argentina 2(4): 3. p. 3 - proposes Mesolaemus as a new subgenus for Liolaemus cuyanus. 41 Laurent, R. F. 1985. Segunda contribucién al conocimiento de la estructura taxondémica del género Liolaemus Wiegmann (Iguanidae). Cuadernos de Herpetologia 1(6): 1-37. p. 7 - Vilcunia lineomaculatus (new combination); uses a discriminant function analysis to characterize the subgenera: Liolaemus sensu stricto, Eulaemus, Ortholaemus, Rhytododeira, and Vilcunia. Laurent, R. F. 1985. Descripcién de Liolaemus huacahuasicus spec. nov. (Iguanidae, Reptilia) des Cumbres Calchaquies, Province de Tucumén, Argentine. Spixiana 8(3): 241-249. p. 241 - t.d. Liolaemus huacahuasicus; photographs, scale drawings, and map included. Laurent, R. F. 1985. Las especies septentrionales del género Liolaemus Wiegman (Iguanidae). Boletin de la Asociacion Herpetoldgica Argentina 1(1-3): 7. Laurent, R. F. 1986. Descripciones de nuevos Iguanidae del género Liolaemus. Acta Zooldgica Lilloana 38(2): 87- 105. p. 89 - characterization of subgenus Ortholaemus; p. 92 - t.d. Liolaemus (Ortholaemus) salinicola, p. 94 - t.d. Liolaemus fittkaui; p. 97 - t.d. Liolaemus irregularis; p. 100 - t.d. Liolaemus poecilochromis. Laurent, R. F. 1988. Algunos datos sobre la variacién geografica de Liolaemus gracilis (Bell). Amphibia y Reptilia (conservacién) - Proyecto Herpetofauna, Fundacion Vida Silvestre Argentina 1(4): 78. Laurent, R. F. 1990. Una especie apartada del género Liolaemus Wiegmann (Iguanidae, Lacertilia). Acta Zoologica Lilloana 39(2): 79-84. p. 79 - t.d. Liolaemus disjunctus. Laurent, R. F. 1991. Sobre algunas especies nuevas y poco conocidas de Liolaemus (Iguanidae) de la Provincia de Jujuy, Argentina. Acta Zooldgica Lilloana 40(2): 91-108. [1993] p. 98 - t.d. Liolaemus orientalis chlorostictus; p. 102 - t.d. Liolaemus pulcherrimus. Laurent, R. F. 1992. On some overlooked species of the genus Liolaemus Wiegmann (Reptilia Tropiduridae) from Peru. Breviora 494: 1-33. p. 2 - gives characters for subgenera Liolaemus and Eulaemus; p. 4-5 - the following are considered synonyms of Liolaemus signifer: L. pantherinus and L. multiformis (of which L. lenzi, L. tropidonotus, L. variablis crequii, L. variabilis courtnyi, and L. variabilis neveui are considered synomyms). Two other forms previously considered synonyms of L. multiformis are considered valid: L. annectens which is considered a “geographic race” of L. signifer, and L. annectens orientalis, p. 8 - td. Liolaemus robustus; p. 15 - t.d. Liolaemus polystictus; p. 22 - t.d. Liolaemus williamsi; p. 30-33 - appendix provides a species lists for the subgenera; Liolaemus andinus poecilochromus (new combination). Laurent, R. F. 1995. A tentative arrangement of subgenera of the genus Liolaemus Wiegmann (Reptilia: Squamata: Tropiduridae). Bulletin of the Maryland Herpetological Society 31(1): 10-14. p. 11 - t.d. subgenus Austrolaemus; type = Proctotretus magellanicus. Laurent, R. F. 1995. Sobre una pequefa coleccién de lagartos del género Liolaemus (Tropiduridae) proveniente del extremo suroeste de Bolivia. Cuadernos de Herpetologia 9(1): 1-6. p. 1 - lists Liolaemus (Eulaemus) orientalis chlorostictus, L. (Eulaemus) dorbignyi, and t.d. of Liolaemus (Eulaemus) jamesi pachecoi from Laguna Colorada; p. 2 - t.d. Liolaemus (Eulaemus) islugensis erguetae from Laguna Colorada; states that Liolaemus aymararum probably should be recognized as a subspecies of Liolaemus jamesi. Laurent, R. F. 1998. New forms of lizards of the subgenus Eulaemus of the genus Liolaemus (Reptilia: Squamata: Tropiduridae) from Peri and northern Chile. Acta Zoolégica Lilloana 44(1): 1-26. p. 5 - t.d. Liolaemus (Eulaemus) melanogaster; p. 10 - t.d. Liolaemus (Eulaemus) thomasi; p. 13 - t.d. Liolaemus (Eulaemus) pleopholis; p. 17 - t.d. Liolaemus (Eulaemus) etheridget; p. 25 - Liolaemus (Eulaemus) ortizi female described. Laurent, R. F. and T. Noriega. 1988. Analisis morfométrico en Liolaemus alticolor alticolor Barbour (Lacertilia Iguanidae) de la coleccidn de la Fundacién Miguel Lillo. Boletin de la Asociacién Herpetologica Argentina 4: 6. Laurent, R. and E. Teran. 1981. Lista de los anfibios y reptiles de la provincia de Tucuman. Ministerio de Cultura y Educacion, Fundacién Miguel Lillo, Tucuman, Miscelanea 71: 1-15. Lavilla, E. O., F. B. Cruz, and G. J. Scrocchi. 1995. Amphibiens et reptiles de la Station Biologique “Los Colorados” dan la provincia de Salta, Argentina (2e partie). Revue Francais de Aquariologie 22(3-4): 117-128. p. 118 - color photograph of Liolaemus chacoensis. 42 Lavilla, E. O., G. J. Scrocchi, and R. F. Laurent. 1993. Claves para la identificacién de los anfibios y reptiles de la provincia de Tucuman (Argentina). Ministerio de Cultura y Educacién, Fundacion Miguel Lillo, Tucuman, Miscelanea 95: 5-29. Lee, M.S. Y., and R. Shine. 1998. Reptilian viviparity and Dollo’s Law. Evolution 52(5): 1441-1450. p. 1443 - phylogeny of reptiles shows Phymaturus as sister taxon to Liolaemus + Ctenoblepharus [sic], and Liolaeminae as siser taxon to “Tropidurus etc.”” Phymaturus is shown as viviparous and Liolaemus plus Ctenobleparus [sic] are shown as reproductively biomodal. Legrand, C. D. 1959. Comunidades psamofilas de la regién de Carrasco (Uruguay). Anales del Museo de Historia Natural de Montevideo 67(2): 1-65. Lema, T. and P. C. Braun. 1993. Contribuigao 4 herpetologia de Argentina e du Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil por William Wright Milstead (Amphibia, Reptilia). Revista Brasileira de Zoologia 10: 261-287. Lema, T. and M. E. Fabian-Beurmann. 1997. Levantamento preliminar dos répteis da regiao da fronteira Brasil- Uriguai. Theringia, Serie Zoologia (50): 61-62. Lema, T., M. E. Fabian-Beurmann, M. Leitao de Araujo, M. Machado Alves, and M. Ivarra Vieira. 1980. List de répteis encontrados na rediao da Grande Porto Alegre, Estado de Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil. Iheringia, Serie Zoologia (52): 27-36. Lemus, D. 1967. Contribucién al estudio de la embriologia de reptiles chilenos. II. Tabla de desarrollo de la lagartija vivipara Liolaemus gravenhorti [sic] (Reptilia-Squamata-Iguanidae). Biolégica (Santiago) 40: 39-61. - detailed discussion of embryo development; presence of exclusively viviparous species above 3000 feet and absence of them below 1800 feet suggests altitude and temperature influence viviparity. Lemus, D. 1981. Tissue interactions in tooth development studied in xenoplastic combinations. International Communications System (IRCS) Medical Science 9(9): 851-852. - Liolaemus gravenhorsti examined. Lemus, D. and O. Badinez. 1967. Placentacién en la lagartija vivipara Liolaemus gravenhorti [sic]. Biologica (Santiago) 41: 55-68. Lemus, D., R. Cabello, R. Lemus, M. Soto, and M. Fuenzalida. 1994. Detection of sugar residues in lizard tooth germs (Liolaemus gravenhortsti) using lectin histochemistry. Journal of Morphology 222(3): 327-335. Lemus, D., L. Coloma, M. Fuenzalida, J. Illanes, Y. Paz de la Vega, A. Ondarza, and M. J. Blanquez. 1986. Odontogenesis and amelogenesis in interacting lizard-quail tissue combinations. Journal of Morphology 189(2): 121-129. - Liolaemus gravenhorsti and L. tenuis studied. Lemus, D. and R. Duvauchelle. 1996. Desarollo intrauterino de Liolaemus tenuis tenuis. Contribucidn al estudio del desarollo embriolégico de reptiles chilenos. Bioldgica (Santiago) 39: 80-98. Lemus, D, M. Fuenzalida, J. Illanes, and Y. Paz De La Vega. 1983. Ultrastructural aspects of dental tissues and their behavior in xenoplastic association (lizard-quail). Journal of Morphology 176(3): 341-350. - Liolaemus gravenhorsti and L. tenuis studied. Lemus, D., J. Illanes, M. Fuenzalida, Y. Repetto, Y. Paz de la Vega, and M. J. Blanquez. 1987. Electrophoretic characterization of soluble proteins from dental tissues (polyphylodonts and diphyodonts species). Journal of Experimental Zoology 242(1): 43-54. - Liolaemus tenuis studied. Lemus, D., J. Illanes, M. Fuenzalida, Y. Paz de la Vega, and M. Garcia. 1981. Comparative analysis of the development of the lizard Liolaemus tenuis tenuis. Il. A series of normal postlaying stages in embryonic development. Journal of Morphology 169: 337-349. Lemus, D., J. Illanes, M. Fuenzalida, Y. Paz de la Vega, M Garcia, S. Mufioz, C. Mery, and E. Berqvist. 1979. In vitro differentiation of tooth rudiments of adult lizard (Reptilia Squamata Iguanidae). International Research Communications System (IRCS) Medical Science 7(8): 419-420. - Liolaemus gravenhorsti studied. Lemus, D., R. Martin, M. J. Blanquez, M. Fuenzalida, and J. lanes. 1984. Estudio comparado del desarrollo embrionario de especies oviparas y una ovovivipara (Gallus gallus, Corturnix c. japonica y Liolaemus tenuis t.). Zentralblatt fiir Veterin Armedizin. Reihe C, Anatomia, Histologia, Embryologia 13(3): 252-260. - unlike that for birds, eggs of Liolaemus tenuis tenuis increase in size and mass during incubation. Lemus, D., C. Mery, G. Grunert, and M. A. Montenegro. 1977. Involution of developing tooth buds in the lizard. International Research Communications System (IRCS) Medical Science 5: 442-443. - Liolaemus gravenhorsti studied. 43 Lemus, D., C. Mery, M. A. Montenegro, and G. Grunert. 1977. Ultrastructure of cultured lizard embryo ameloblasts. International Research Communications System (IRCS) Medical Science 5(8): 377. - Liolaemus gravenhorsti studied. Lemus, D., C. Mery, Y. Paz de la Vega, and M. Fuenzalida. 1977. Ultrastructure of in vitro cultured lizard embryo odontoblasts. International Research Communications System (IRCS) Medical Science 5(12): 550-551. - Liolaemus gravenhorsti studied. Lemus, D., Y. Paz de la Vega, M. Fuenzalida, and J. Illanes. 1980. In vitro differentation of tooth buds from embryos and adult lizards (L. gravenhorsti). An ultrastructural comparison. Journal of Morphology 165(3): 225-236. Lemus, D., Y. Paz de la Vega, J. Wacke, and A. Tchernichtin. 1978. Influencia de la variaci6n térmica sobre la actividad espontdnea y colinérgica del tracto digestivo de Liolaemus tenuis T. Archivos de Farmacologia y Toxicologia 4: 357-362. Lemus, D., Y. Paz de la Vega, L. Zurich, V. Leyton, and J. Wayck. 1975. Actividad adrenérgica en el aparato digestivo aislado de dos iguanidos. Liolaemus tenuis t. y Liolaemus gravenhorsti (Reptilia~Squamata-Iguanidae). Archivos de Farmacologia y Toxicologia 1(3): 239-246. Lemus, D., J. Wacyk, V. Leyton, C. Casanova, and M. C. Palma. 1974. Relaci6n entre las variaciones del grosor de la capa muscular, la actividad espontanea y el efecto de la oxitocina en el tracto genital aislado de Liolaemus gravenhorsti y Liolaemus tenuis t. Archivos de Biologia y Medicina Experimentales (Santiago) 9(1-3): 11-15. Lemus, D., L. Zurich, Y. Paz de la Vega-Lemus, and J. Wacyk. 1970. Actividad espontanea y efecto de oxitocina en el utero aislado de Liolaemus gravenhorsti y Liolaemus tenuis t. Archivos de Biologia y Medicina Experimentales (Santiago) 7(1-3): 11-13. Lesson, R. P. 1830. Observations générales sur les reptiles recueillis dan la voyage de la corvette La Coquille. Pp. 1- 66, in: Duperry (ed.), Voyage autour du monde exécuté par ordre du Roi sur la corvette de Sa Majesté La Coquille pendant les années 1822, 1823, 1824 et 1825...par M.L.I. Duperrey...Zoologie. Tom. II, partie 1, (chapter 9). Arthus Bertrand, Paris. p. 36 - t.d. Calotes chiliensis; Plate 1, fig. 2 - spelled “Calotes chilensis”’. Leyton V., E. Miranda, and E. Bustos-Obregon. 1980. Gestational chronology in the viviparous lizard Liolaemus gravenhorsti (Gray) with remarks on ovarian and reproductive activity. Archives de Biologie (Bruxelles) 91: 347- 361. - gestation takes place in spring and lasts 56 + 4 days; during development, embryos and fetuses exhibit exponential growth rates. Leyton, V., E. Miranda, and E. Bustos-Obreg6n. 1982. Cytological characterization of the germinal line during testicular differentiation in the lizard Liolaemus gravenhorsti (Gray). Journal of Morphology 174(2): 169-184. Leyton, V., B. C. Morales, and E. Bustos-Obrego6n. 1977. Seasonal changes in testicular function of the lizard Liolaemus gravenhorsti. Archives de Biologie (Liége) 88(4): 393-405. - morphological parameters and plasma testosterone are greatest during autumn-winter and decrease after mating by mid-spring. Leyton, V. and J. Valencia. 1992. Follicular population dynamics: its relation to clutch and litter size in Chilean Liolaemus lizards. Pp. 123-124, in: W. Hamlett (ed.), Reproductive biology of South American vertebrates. Springer-Verlag, New York. Leyton, V., A. Veloso, and E. Bustos-Obregon. 1982. Modalidad reproductiva y actividad ciclica gonadal en lagartos iguanidos de distintos pisos altitudinales del interior de Arica (lat. 18°10’ S). Contribucion sistematica al conocimiento de la herpetofauna del extremo norte de Chile. Pp. 293-315, in: El hombre y los ecosistemas de montafia. Oficina Regional de Ciencias y Technologia de la UNESCO para América Latina y el Caribe, (Montevideo, Uruguay). - studied reproductive cycles and modes of Liolaemus alticolor, L. aymararum, L. jamesi, and L. multiformis, all of which are viviparous, have short seasonal reproductive periods, long pregnancies, and live at elevations exceeding 4000 m. Lichtenstein, H. 1856. Nomenclator Reptilium et Amphibiorum Musei Zoologici Berolinensis. Namenverzeichniss der in der zoologischen sammlung der K6niglichen Universitat zu Berlin aufgestellten arten von reptilien und amphibien nach ihren Ordnungen, Familien und Gattungen. iv+48 pp. Kéningl. Akademie Wissenschaften, Berlin. p. 9 - t.d. Tropidurus ptychopleurus. Liebermann, J. 1939. Catalogo sistematico y zoogeografico de los lacertilios argentinos. Physis (Buenos Aires) 16(48): 61-82. 44 p. 69 - Liolaemus bibronii, L. cyanogaster, L. darwinii, and L. elongatus; p. 70 - L. fitzingeri, L. kingi, L. magellanicus, L. nigromaculatus, and L. pictus pictus; p. 71 - L. boulengeri, L. d’orbignyi, L.gothi, L. ornatus, L. tenuis, and L. wiegmani [sic]; p. 72 - L. anomalus, L. hatcheri, L. lineomaculatus, L. multimaculatus, and L. signifer; p. 74 - Phymaturus palluma and P. patagonicus. Lillo, M. 1889. Apuntes sobre la fauna de la provincia de Tucumén. Boletin de la Oficina Quimica Municipal de Tucuman 2(2): 73-111. Lobo, F., F. Abdala, and G. Scrocchi. 1994. Desarrollo del esqueleto postcraneal de Liolaemus scapularis (Iguania: Tropiduridae). Boletin de la Asociacién Herpetolégica Argentina 10(1): 41-43. Lobo, F., F. Abdala, and G. Scrocchi. 1995. Desarrollo del esqueleto de Liolaemus scapularis (Iguania: Tropiduridae). Bollettino del Museo Regionale di Scienze Naturali, Torino 13(1): 77-104. Lobo, F. and R. E. Espinoza. 1999. Two new cryptic species of Liolaemus (Iguania: Tropiduridae) from northwestern Argentina: resolution of the purported reproductive biomodality of Liolaemus alticolor. Copeia 1999(1): 122- 140. p. 126 - t.d. Liolaemus ramirezae (fig. 2); p. 131 - t.d. Liolaemus pagaburoi (fig. 5) Lobo, F. and S. Kretzschmar. 1996. Descripcién de una nueva especie de Liolaemus (Iguania: Tropiduridae) de la provincia de Tucuman, Argentina. Neotrépica (Buenos Aires) 42(107-108): 33-40. p. 34 - t.d. Liolaemus calchaqui. Lobo, F. and R. F. Laurent. 1995. Un nouveau Liolaemus Andin (Tropiduridae). Revue Francais de Aquariologie 22(1995): 107-116. p. 107 - t.d. Liolaemus (Eulaemus) albiceps. Lonnberg, E. 1902. On some points of relation between the morphological structure of the intestine and the diet of reptiles. Bihang till Kongliga Svenska Vetenskaps - Akademiens Handlinger (Stockholm) 28(4): 1-51. - describes intestinal morphology of Liolaemus nitidis. Loveridge, A. 1959. Notes on the present herpetofauna of Ascension Island. Copeia 1959(1): 69-70. - Liolaemus wiegmanni present. Luke, C. 1986. Convergent evolution of lizard toe fringes. Biological Journal of the Linnean Society 27: 1-16. - Ctenoblepharys adspersa, Liolaemus multimaculatus, and L. rabinoi examined along with representatives from Lacertidae, Agamidae, Phrynosomatidae, Opluridae, and Tropiduridae. Triangular projections that form fringes on the toes are all found in lizards that live on wind-blown sand. Cites Carothers (unpublished) that fringes allow lizards to run more efficiently on sand. Lynn, W. G., M. C. O’Brien, and P. Hergenreader. 1966. Thyroid morphology in lizards of the family Iguanidae and Agamidae. Herpetologica 22(2): 90-93. p. 91 - single lobed thyroid found in Ctenoblepharys adspersa, Liolaemus chiliensis, L. darwinii, and Phymaturus palluma. Macey, J. R., A. Larson, N. B. Ananjeva, and T. J. Papenfuss. 1997. Replication slippage may cause parallel evolution in the secondary structures of mitochondrial transfer RNAs. Molecular Biology and Evolution 14(1): 30-39. p. 36 - Liolaemus tenuis listed as representative of Tropiduridae. Macey, J. R., A. Larson, N. B. Ananjeva, and T. J. Papenfuss. 1997. Evolutionary shifts in three major structural features of the mitochondrial genome among iguanian lizards. Journal of Molecular Evolution 44: 660-674. p. 661 - Liolaemus tenuis included as representative of Tropiduridae; p. 669 - tree based on morphology (data from Frost and Etheridge 1989) shows Liolaemus as the sister taxon of Anolis; tree based on mtDNA sequence shows Liolaemus as the sister taxon of Phrynosoma. Machado, C. and O. Rocha Barbosa. 1991. Anatomia microscépica de esdfago de Liolaemus lutzae Mertens, 1938 (Sauria, Tropidurnidae). Revista Brasileira de Biologia 51(3): 561-566. [1992] Macola, G. S. and L. P. Castro. 1982. Una nueva especie del género Liolaemus del area subandina - Uspallata, Mendoza, Argentina. Liolaemus uspallatensis n. sp. (Iguanidae). Publicaciones Ocasionales del Instituto de Biologia Animal, Universidad Nacional de Cuyo, Serie Cientifica 15: 1-6. - t.d. Liolaemus uspallatensis. Mallea, A. R., G. S. Macola, J. G. Garcia Saez, and S. J. Lanati. 1983. Sub-clase Lepidosauria Orden Squamata Sub- orden Lacertilia Familia Iguanidae Lagartos - Lagartijas - Chelcos - Matuastos. Intersectum 15(1-3): 11-20. - provides distribution and brief biological accounts of 17 species of Liolaemus and three species of Phymaturus from the province of Mendoza, Argentina. 45 Manzur, E., E. Alvarez Sarret, and M. Lamborot. 1998. Possible non-hybrid origin for triploidy and diplod-triploid mosaicism in a population of Liolaemus chiliensis (Sauria: Iguanidae) in Chile. Cytogenetics and Cell Genetics 81(2): 131. Manzur, M. I. and E. R. Fuentes. 1978. Heterogeneidad ambiental y sistema social en la lagartija Liolaemus tenuis. Archivos de Biologia y Medicina Experimentales 11: R-158. Marcus, A. 1992. Microestructura de las escamas cefalicas de algunas especies de Liolaemus (Sauria: Iguanidae). Acta Zoolégica Lilloana 41: 257-281. - includes data for Liolaemus alticolor, L. ornatus, and L. scapularis. Marcus, A. and R. F. Laurent. 1994. Nuevos datos de distribucién geografica de Liolaemus ruibali (Sauria: Tropiduridae). Boletin de la Asociacién Herpetoldégica Argentina 10(1): 46. - Liolaemus ruibali recorded from La Roja Province and adjacent Chile. Marelli, C. 1924. Batracios y reptiles. Pp. 584-596, in: (Anonymous), Elenco sistematico de la fauna de la provincia de Buenos Aires (prochordados y vertebrados). L. J. Rosso y Cia., Buenos Aires. Mares, M. A. and A. C. Hulse. 1977. Patterns of some vertebrate communities in creosote bush deserts. Pp. 209- 226, in: T. J. Mabry, J. H. Hunziker, and D. R. DiFeo, Jr. (eds.), Creosotebush: biology and chemistry of Larrea in New World deserts. Dowden, Hutchinson, & Ross, Stroudsburg, Pennsylvania. - Liolaemus darwinii and Phymaturus palluma are part of the Argentinian cresosote bush community. Marquet, P. 1985. Estudio de algunos ejes del nicho de una comunidad de Liolaemus (Squamata-Iguanidae) en el altiplano del Norte de Chile. Unidad de Investigacion, Universidad de Concepcién, 44 pp. Marauet, P. A., J. C. Ortiz, F. Bozinovic, and F. M. Jaksic. 1989. Ecological aspects of thermoregulation at high altitudes: the case of Andean Liolaemus lizards in northern Chile. Oecologia 81: 16-20. - high elevation Liolaemus alticolor and L. jamesi are compared with lower elevation L. isulgensis and L. ornatus regarding the extent of thermoregulation and activity periods. Martori, R. and L. Aun. 1994. Analisis comparativo de la composicién de tres comunidades de Squamata de la Sierra Grande de Cordoba, Argentina. Cuadernos de Herpetologia 8(10): 97-103. - references to Liolaemus boulengeri, L. chacoensis, L. darwinii, L. gracilis, L. melanops, L. multimaculatus, and L. saxatilis. Martori, R. and L. Aun. 1995. Relevamiento de la herpetofauna de las Sierras Pampeanas del este en la provincia de Cérdoba (Argentina) (registro de taxa y comentarios taxondmicos). Acta Zooldgica Lilloana 43(1): 87-97. p. 94 - lists Liolaemus chacoensis, L. darwinii, L. saxatilis, and L. wiegmannit. Martori, R. and L. Aun. 1995. Reproductive fat body cycle of Liolaemus wiegmannii in central Argentina. Herpetologica 31(4): 578-581. Marx, H. 1960. A new iguanid lizard of the genus Crenoblepharis. Fieldiana Zoology 39(37): 407-409. p. 407 - t.d. Ctenoblepharis schmidti. Mattison, C. 1989. Lizards of the world. Facts on File, New York and Oxford, 192 pp. p. 47 - Liolaemus multiformis is black and has a preferred body temperature of 35 °C which is warmer than ever reached by the air temperature of its environment; p. 93 - Liolaemus and Centrura commonly found up to 3000 m and occur even higher in some places; p. 131 - Vilcunia, Liolaemus, and Centrura in the Andes are adapted to withstand extremes of temperature and long dry periods. McCoy, C. J. and E. J. Censky. 1982. Herpetological type specimens in Carnegie Museum of Natural History. Annals of the Carnegie Museum 51(15): 317-330. p. 326 - lists holotype and paratypes of Liolaemus capillitas. McGuire, J. A. 1996. Phylogenetic systematics of crotaphytid lizards (Reptilia: Iguania: Crotaphytidae). Bulletin of Carnegie Museum of Natural History 32: 1-143. p. 130 - appendix 3 (outgroup data matrix) lists character states for Phymaturus palluma, P. patagonicus patagonicus, P. p. payuniae, P. p. somuncurensis, P. p. zapalensis, P. punae, and P. sp. Medel, R. G. 1992. Costs and benefits of tail loss: assessing economy of autotomy in two lizard species of central Chile. Revista Chilena de Historia Natural 65(3): 357-361. - Liolaemus altissimus and L. fuscus examined. Medel, R. G., J. E. Jiménez, S. F. Fox, and F. M. Jaksic. 1988. Experimental evidence that high population frequencies of lizard tail autotomy indicate inefficient predation. Oikos 53: 321-324. - studied in Liolaemus altissimus, L. lemniscatus, and L. monticola. Medel, R. G., P. A. Marquet, S. F. Fox, and F. M. Jaksic. 1990. Depredacién sobre lagartijas en Chile central: importancia relativa de atributos ecolégicos y morfoldégicos. Revista Chilena de Historia Natural 63(3): 261-266. 46 - studied predation in Liolaemus altissimus, L. fuscus, L. lemniscatus, L. leopardinus, and L. monticola. Lizards from higher elevations and those with saxicolous habits suffered higher predation. : Medel, R., P. A. Marquet, and F. M. Jaksic. 1988. Microhabitat shifts of lizards under different contexts of sympatry: a case study with South American Liolaemus. Oecologica 76: 567-569. - Liolaemus tenuis shifts to higher perches in the presence of L. pictus. Melville, J. and R. Swain. 1997. Spatial separation in two sympatric skinks, Niveoscincus microlepidotus and N. metallicus, from Tasmania. Herpetologica 53(1): 126-132. p. 131-132 - cite Marquet et al. (1989) on habitat selection in Liolaemus. Mendez de la Cruz, F., G. Casas-Amdreu, and M. Villagran Santa Cruz. 1992. Variacién anual en la alimentacién y condici6n fisica de Sceloporus mucronatus (Sauria: Iguanidae) en la Sierra del Ajusco, Distrito Federal, México. Southwestern Naturalist 37: 349-355. p. 353 - cites Greene (1982) that ingestion of vegetation decreases when insects are more available in Liolaemus. Mertens, R. 1928. Die herpetologische Ausbeute der letzten Reise Dr. H. Rohde’s nach Brasilien. B]. Aquarien Terrarien 39(15): 295-302. p. 302 - mentions Liolaemus occipitalis from near Rio Grande do Sul. Mertens, R. 1938. Bemerkungen iiber die brasilianischen Arten der Gattung Liolaemus. Zoologischer Anzeiger (Leipzig) 123(7-9): 220-222. p. 220 - Liolaemus gleischi is a synonym of L. occipitalis; p. 221 - t.d. Liolaemus lutzae. Mertens, R. 1956. Biologische Reiseskizzen aus Peru. II. In den Wiiste Perus. Natur und Volk (Frankfurt a.M.) 86 (9): 318-327. p. 320-321 - color pattern, habits, and photograph of Crenoblepharys adspersa. Meyer, D. L., W. Graf, and U. V. Seydlitz Kurzbach. 1979. The role of integrators in maintaining activity assumed abnormal postures a study of postural mechanisms in geckos. Journal of Comparative Physiology 131A(3): 235- 246. - cite abnormal postures in Liolaemus. Meyer, F. A. A. 1795. Synopsis Reptilium, novam ipsorum sistens generum methodum Gottingensium huius ordinis animalium enumerationem. Vandenhoek et Ruprecht, Gottingae, 32 pp. p. 217 - lists Cordylus paeluma, reference to Gmelin (1789). Michaud, E. J. and J. R. Dixon. 1989. Prey items of 20 species of the Neotropical colubrid snake genus Liophis. Herpetological Review 20(2): 39-41. p. 41 - cites Lema et al. (1983) for Liolaemus occipitalis eaten by Liophis poecilogyrus pictostriatus. Miles, D. B. 1994. Covariation between morphology and locomotor performance in sceloporine lizards. Pp. 205-235, in: L. J. Vitt and E. R. Pianka (eds.), Lizard ecology: historical and experimental perspectives. Princeton University Press, Pinceton, New Jersey, xii+403 pp. - p. 210 and 231 - cites Jaksic et al. (1980) for lack of morphological correlates with ecological divergence in Liolaemus. Milstead, W. W. 1956. A small collection of amphibians and reptiles from Argentina. Revista Brasileira de Biologia 16: 321-325. - lists Liolaemus darwini from Buenos Aires area. Miranda, J.C. and J. C. Cavicchia. 1989. Cambios ultraestructurales de las uniones intercelulares (barrera hematotesticular) en lagartos preandinos durante el ciclo espermatogénico anual. Boletin de la Asociacién Herpetoldogica Argentina 5(3): 6. Molina, G. I. 1782. Saggio sulla Storia Naturale del Chili. Stamperia di S. Tommaso d’ Aquino, Bologne, 368 pp. p. 217 - t.d. Lucerta [sic] Palluma. Molina, G. I. 1810. Saggio sulla Storia Naturale del Chili di Gio. Fratell: Masie, ed. 2, Bologne, 308 pp. p. 189 - Lacerta Palluma mentioned. Monguillot, J.C. 1991. Nuevas localidades para Liolaemus darwinii y Liolaemus gracilis (Reptilia: Iguanidae). Boletin de la Asociaci6n Herpetologica Argentina 7(2): 9. Montenegro, M. A., D. Lemus, C. Mery, and G. Grunert. 1978. Ultrastructural changes in developing ameloblasts of a lizard. International Research Communications System (IRCS) Medical Science 6(9): 371-372. - Liolaemus gravenhorsti studied. Moody, S. M. 1983. The rectus abdominis muscle complex of the Lacertilia: terminology, homology, and assumed presence in primitive iguanian lizards. Pp. 195-221, in: A. G. J. Rhodin and K. Miyata (eds.), Advances in 47 herpetology and evolutionary biology: essays in honor of Emest E. Williams. Museum of Comparative Zoology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, xix+725. p. 203 - cites Etheridge (pers. comm.) for affinities of Pelusaurus and Vilcunia to the Liolaemus- Ctenoblepharys complex; p. 204 - absent are the later, or superficial second layer of the M. rectus abdominis and a vestigial muscle slip overlying the M. pectoralis in Phymaturus palluma. - fifteen species of Liolaemus and two species of Phymaturus studied. Morando, M. and L. J.. Avila. 1999. Liolaemus gracilis [Geographic distribution]. Herpetological Review, 30(2): 110. - first record from San Luis Province. Moro, S. A. and V. Abdala. 1998. Cranial myology of some species of Liolaemus and Phymaturus (Squamata: Tropiduridae: Liolaeminae). Amphibia-Reptilia 19:171-192. Miiller, J. 1994. Zur besseren Kenntnis des Gestreiften Erdleguans Liolaemus lemniscatus Gravenhorst, 1830. Sauria 16(1): 35-38. - provides a description and distribution of Liolaemus lemniscatus in Chile with notes on husbandry and intraspecific behavior in captivity. Miiller, L. 1924. Ueber neue oder seltene Mittel- und siidamerikanische Amphibien und Reptilien. Mitteilugen aus dem Zoologisches Museum in Berlin 11(1): 75-93. p. 81 - t.d. Liolaemus annectens orientalis. Miiller, L. 1928. Herpetologische Mitteilungen. Zoologischer Anzeiger 77: 61-84. p. 62 - reiterates Werner’s characterization of Phrynosaura and designates Phrynosaura reichei as type of genus; examined type of Leiosaurus (Helocephalus) marmoratus and concludes that it is a synonym of Phrynosaura marmorata; p. 63 - Phrynosaura marmorata redescribed; p. 64 - t.d. Phrynosaura werneri. Miiller, L. 1941. Uber die in der Sammlung des Zoologischen Institutes der Universitat Halle a. Saale aufbewahrten Amphibien und Reptilientypen. Zeitschrift fuer Naturwissenschaftlich - Medizinische Grundlagenforschung 94: 182-205. p. 13-14 - redescribes Leiosaurus (Helocephalus) marmoratus Burmeister, 1861; notes his earlier (1928) reassignment of this species to Phrynosaura. Miiller, L. and W. Hellmich. 1932. Beitrage zur Kenntnis der Herpetofauna Chiles. II. Neue Liolaemus Arten und Rassen aus den Hoch-Anden Chiles. Zoologischer Anzeiger 97(11-12): 307-329. p- 309 - t.d. Liolaemus leopardinus leopardinus; p. 314 - t.d. Liolaemus leopardinus ramonensis; p. 318 - t.d. Liolaemus nigroviridis nigroviridis; p. 326 - t.d. Liolaemus nigroviridis minor. Miiller, L. and W. Hellmich. 1932. Beitrage zur Kenntnis der Herpetofauna Chiles. III. Liolaemus altissimus altissimus, Liolaemus altissimus araucaniensis. Zoologischer Anzeiger 98(7-8): 197-208. p. 197 - t.d. Liolaemus altissimus altissimus; p. 205 - t.d. Liolaemus altissimus araucaniensis. Miiller, L. and W. Hellmich. 1932. Beitrage zur Kenntnis der Herpetofauna Chiles. IV. Liolaemus monticola, ein weiterer neuer Rassenkreis aus den Hochanden Chiles. Zoologischer Anzeiger 99(7-8): 177-192. p. 177 - t.d. Liolaemus monticola monticola; p. 183 - t.d. Liolaemus monticola chillanensis, p. 189 - t.d. Liolaemus monticola villaricensis. Miller, L. and W. Hellmich. 1933. Beitrage zur Kenntnis der Herpetofauna Chiles. VI. Ueber einige Liolaemus Arten des Berliner Naturkundlichen Museums. Zoologischer Anzeiger 101(5-6): 121-134. p. 129 - t.d. Liolaemus nigromaculatus ater. Miiller, L. and W. Helimich. 1933. Beitrage zur Kenntnis der Herpetofauna Chiles. VII. Der Rassenkreis des Liolaemus nigromaculatus. Zoologischer Anzeiger 103(5-6): 128-142. p. 129 - t.d. Liolaemus nigromaculatus atacamensis; p. 132 - Liolaemus nigromaculatus bisignatus (new combination); p. 135 - t.d. Liolaemus nigromaculatus copiapensis, p. 137 - t.d. Liolaemus nigromaculatus zapallarensis; p. 139 - t.d. Liolaemus nigromaculatus kuhlmanni. Miiller, L. and W. Hellmich. 1933. Beitrage zur Kenntnis der Herpetofauna Chiles. VIII. Bemerkungwen tiber Liolaemus tenuis (Duméril et Bibron). Zoologischer Anzeiger 104(11-12): 304-310. p. 307 - t.d. Liolaemus tenuis punctatissimus. Miller, L. and W. Hellmich. 1935. Beitrage zur Kenntnis der Herpetofauna Chiles. IX. Uber Liolaemus buergeri Werner. Zoologischer Anzeiger 109(5-6): 121-128. p. 122 - detailed description and illustration of Liolaemus buergeri. 48 Miiller, L. and W. Hellmich. 1938. Beitrage zur Kenntnis der Herpetofauna Chiles. XI. Uber zwei neue Liolaemus - Formen aus der chilenischen Kordillere (Sammlung Schréder). Zoologischer Anzeiger 122(9-10); 225-237. p. 225 - t.d. Liolaemus schréderi; p. 231 - t.d. Liolaemus platei curicensis. Miller, L. and W. Hellmich. 1938. Liolaemus -Arten aus den Westlichen Argentinien. Ergebnisse de Argentinienreise von Prof. Dr. W. Goetsch, Breslau. I. Liolaemus darwini und Liolaemus goetschi n. sp. Zoologischer Anzeiger 123(5-6): 130-142. p. 130 - t.d. Liolaemus goetschi. Miiller, L. and W. Hellmich. 1939. Liolaemus -Arten aus den Westlichen Argentinien. II. Uber eine neue Liolaemus altissimus -Rasse von Volcan Copahue. Zoologischer Anzeiger 125(5-6): 113-119. p. 113 - t.d. Liolaemus altissimus neuquensis. Miiller, L. and W. Hellmich. 1939. Liolaemus -Arten aus den westlichen Argentinien. II. Ueber Liolaemus kriegi, eine neue Liolaemus -Art aus des gegend der Lago Nahuel Huapi. Zoologischer Anzeiger 127(1-2): 44-47. p. 44 - t.d. Liolaemus kriegi. Miiller, L. and W. Hellmich. 1939. Liolaemus -Arten aus den westlichen Argentinien. IV. Uber Liolaemus -Arten aus dem Territorien Rio Negro und Neuquen. Zoologischer Anzeiger 128(1-2): 1-17. p. 7 - t.d. Liolaemus pictus argentinus, p. 12 - t.d. Liolaemus pictus chiloeensis. Miller, P. 1975. Zum Vorkommen von Liolaemus occipitalis im Staat von Santa Catarina (Brasilien) (Sauria, Iguanidae). Salamandra 11(1): 57-59. Miller, P. 1976. Biotope des brasilianischen Erdleguans Liolaemus occipitalis. Aquarium Aqua Terra 10(84): 268- Bie Miller, P. and H. Steiniger. 1977. Evolutionsgeschwindigkeit, Verbreitung und Verwandtschaft brasilianischer Erdleguane der Gattung Liolaemus (Sauria-Iguanidae). Mitteilungen 9; Schwerpunkt fiir Biogeographie der Universitat des Saalandes, Saarbriiken 1-17. Miller, P. and H. Steiniger. 1978. Chorologie und Differenzierungsgeschwindigkeit brasilienianischer Liolaemus Arten (Sauria-Iguainidae). Verhandlungen Gesselshaft fiir Okologie 7(1977): 429-440. - the three species of Liolaemus from Brazil, L. occipitalis, L. wiegmannii,and L. lutzae, constitute a superspecies; the suggestion by Vanzolini and Ab’ Saber that L. occipitalis and L. lutzae are each others closest relatives and have been seperated for only 2500 to 3700 yb present is contradicted by evidence. Miiller, P. and H. Steiniger. 1978. Karyotyp und Chromosomensatz von Liolaemus occipitalis und Liolaemus wiegmanni (Reptilia: Sauria: Iguanidae). Salamandra 14(4): 215. p. 215 - Liolaemus occipitalis and L. wiegmanni have 2n = 34, 12 macro- and 22 microchromosomes, one of the latter being very large. Nath, V. 1965. Animal gametes (male). A morphological and cytochemical account of spermatogenesis. Asia Publishing House, London, xvi+162 pp. Navarro, J. 1983. Estudio de la diversidad morfolégica, cromosémica y bioquimica en cinco poblaciones de Liolaemus (Squamata-Iguanidae). Tesis, Facultad de Ciencias Basica y Farmacologia, Universidad de Chile. Navarro, J. 1985. Variacién genética en poblaciones de Liolaemus ,Tropidurus y Phymaturus (Squamata-Iguanidae). Archivos de Biologia y Medicina Experimentales (Santiago) 18(1): R-71. Navarro, J. 1985. Variacién genética en especies del género Liolaemus (Squamata: Iguanidae). Archivos de Biologia y Medicina Experimentales (Santiago) 18(2): R-152. Navarro, J. 1992. Cariotipos de trece especies de lagartijas del noroeste argentino de los grupos Liolaemus, Eulaemus y Ortholaemus. Acta Zooldgica Lilloana 41: 225-230. Navarro, J. and H. Nuifiez. 1992. Acerca de la ausencia de poros precloacales en Liolaemus cristiani, nominaci6n del alotipo y cariotipo de la especie. Noticiario Mensual del Museo Nacional de Historia Natural (Santiago) 323: 35- 38. p. 37 - karyotype of Liolaemus cristiani: 2n = 32, 12 macro- and 20 microchromosomes. Navarro, J. and H. Nuiiez. 1993. Liolaemus patriciaturrae y Liolaemus isabelae, dos nuevas especies de lagartijas para el norte de Chile. Aspectos biogeograficos y citotaxonémicos (Squamata, Tropiduridae). Boletin del Museo Nacional de Historia Natural Chile 44: 99-113. p. 101 - t.d. Liolaemus patriciaiturrae; figs. 1, 2; p. 103 - t.d. Liolaemus isabelae; fig. 3. Navarro, J., M. Sallaberry, A. Veloso, and J. Valencia. 1981. Diversidad cromosémica en lagartos (Sauria-Iguanidae). I. Avances citotaxonémicos. Perspectivas de estudios evolutivos en Iguanidae. Medio Ambiente (Chile) 5(1): 23-38. 49 Navarro, J., A. Veloso, J. Valencia, and M. Sallaberry. 1978. Diversidad de las lagartijas del género Liolaemus de la zona Central de Chile. Archivos de Biologia y Medicina Experimentales (Santiago) 12(1): R-222. Newton, W. D. and S. E. Trauth. 1992. Ultrastructure of the spermatozoon of the lizard Cnemidophorus sexlineatus (Sauria: Teiidae). Herpetologica 48(3): 330-343. p. 339-341 - cite Furieri (1974) for comparisons with Phymaturus palluma and Liolaemus austromendocinus. Nolly, H. L. and J.C. Fasciolo. 1972. The renin-angiotensin system through the phylogenetic scale. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology 41A(2): 249-254. p. 251 - table 3 (renin activity) provided for Phymatura [sic] palluma and Liolaemus darwini. Normis, K. S. 1967. Color adaptation in desert reptiles and its thermal relationships. Pp. 162-229, in: W. W. Milstead (ed.), Lizard ecology: a symposium. University Press of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri. p. 218-220 - cites Pearson (1954) for relationship between body color and high-elevation thermoregulation in Liolaemus multiformis. Niifiez, H. 1985. Clave para la determinacion de las especies de reptiles de la regién de la Araucania (Iguanidae y Colubridae). Boletin Museo Regionale Araucania, Temuco (Chile) 2: 131-133. Nuifiez, H. 1989. Comentarios de libros y revistas. Reptiles del centro, centro-oeste y sur de la Argentina. Herpetofauna de las zonas dridas y semiaridas (José M. Cei). Revista Chilena de Historia Natural 62: 279-282. Nuifiez, H. 1991. Nueva clave para los reptiles de la octava region, Biobio, Chile. Comunicaciones del Museo Regional de Concepcion (Chile) 5: 43-45. Nujfiez, H. 1992. Geographical data of Chilean lizards and snakes in the Museo Nacional de Historia Natural Santiago, Chile. Smithsonian Herpetological Information Service 91: 1-29. p. 8 - Liolaemus puritamensis is a junior synonym of L. dorbignyi. Niifiez, H. 1996. Autecologia comparada de dos lagartijas de Chile Central. Publicacién Ocasional Museo Nacional de Historia Natural (Santiago) 50: 5-60. Niifez, H. and S. F. Fox. 1989. Liolaemus puritamensis, a new species of iguanid lizard previously confused with Liolaemus multiformis (Squamata: Iguanidae). Copeia 1989(2): 456-460. p. 457 - t.d. Liolaemus puritamensis, p. 459 - karyotype is 2n = 34, 12 macro- and 22 microchromosomes (idiogram included). Niufiez, H. and F. Jaksic. 1992. Lista comentada de los reptiles terrestres de Chile continental. Boletin del Museo Nacional de Historia Natural Chile 43: 63-91. p. 69 - Liolaemus nigroviridis nigroroseus is a junior synonym of L. constanzae; L. donosoi is a junior synonym of L. constanzae; p. 75 - L. pantherinus is a valid species—not a synonym of L. ornatus; p. 79 - Phrynosaura includes P. audituvelatus, P. reichei, and P. stolzmanni; Velosaura includes V. aymararum and V. jamesi. Niifiez, H. and M. A. Labra. 1985. Liolaemus curis, a new lizard from the Los Andes Range, central Chile. Copeia 1985(3): 556-559. p. 557 - t.d. Liolaemus curis. Nufiez, H., P. A. Marquet, R. G. Medel, and F. M. Jaksic. 1989. Niche relationships between two sympatric Liolaemus lizards in a fluctuating environment: the “lean” versus “feast” scenario. Herpetologica 23(1): 22-28. - Liolaemus fuscus and L. lemniscatus compared in same microhabitat. Nujiez, H. and J. Navarro. 1992. Liolaemus rosenmanni, una nueva especie Chilena de lagartija relacionada al groupo “ruibali.” Boletin del Museo Nacional de Historia Natural Chile 43: 55-62. p. 56 - t.d. Liolaemus rosenmanni. Nijfiez, H., J. Navarro, and J. Loyola. 1991. Liolaemus maldonadae y Liolaemus cristiani, dos especies nuevas de lagartijas para Chile (Reptilia, Squamata). Boletin del Museo Nacional de Historia Natural Chile 42: 79-88. p. 80 - t.d. Liolaemus maldonadae; p. 84 - t.d. Liolaemus cristiani. Niujfiez, H. and J. C. Torres-Mura. 1992. Adiciones a la herpetofauna de Chile. Noticiario Mensual del Museo Nacional de Historia Natural (Chile) 322: 3-8. - Liolaemus cf. ceii, L. eleodori, and L. cf. vallecurensis added to herpetofauna of Chile. Nujfiez, H. and J. Yafiez. 1983. Ctenoblepharis audituvelatus new species, a lizard from northern Chile (Reptilia: Iguanidae). Copeia 1983(2): 454-457. p. 454 - t.d. Ctenoblepharis audituvelatus. Nifiez, H. and J. Yafiez. 1983-1984. Ctenoblepharis erroneus nov. sp. de Iguanidae para la Zona Norte de Chile. Boletin del Museo Nacional de Historia Natural Chile 40: 91-95. p. 92 - t.d. Ctenoblepharis erroneus. 50 Nujiez, H. and J. Yanez. 1983-84. Abas y Velosaura nuevos géneros de lagartos Iguanidae y proposiciones sistematicas respecto de los grupos aliados (Reptilia: Squamata). Boletin del Museo Nacional de,Historia Natural Chile 40: 97-105. p. 99 - t.d. Abas, Liolaemus fabiani designated type species; Abas insolitus (new combination); p. 100 - t.d. Velosaura, Liolaemus aymararum designated type species; Velosaura jamesi (new combination); p. 101 - Phrynosaura audituvelatus (new combination). Nunez, H. and J. Yanez. 1984. Colas de lagartijas del género Liolaemus: autotomia e influencia en la predacién. Studies on Neotropical Fauna and Environment 19(1): 1-8. - thirteen Chilean species of Liolaemus studied. Nuiez, H., J. Yafiez, and F. Jaksic. 1981. Presuntos hibridos entre Liolaemus lemniscatus, Gravenhorst 1838 y Liolaemus fuscus Boulenger, 1885 en Chile central. Boletin del Museo Nacional de Historia Natural Chile 38: 69-71. Nuiez, H., J. Yanez, and F. Jaksic. 1981. Proporciones corporales y utilizacién del habitat en dos poblaciones contiguas de Liolaemus lemniscatus Gravenhorst. Boletin del Museo Nacional de Historia Natural Chile 38: 73- 76. Nuiez, H., J. Yafiez, F. Jaksic, and F. Ojeda. 1978. Proporciones corporales y preferencia de habitat en especies de Liolaemus (Iguanidae). Archivos de Biologia y Medicina Experimentales (Santiago) 11: R-200. Oliveira Rodrigues, H.D. 1992. Pseudocapillaria (Ichthyocapillaria) maricaensis n. sp. (Nematoda, Capillaridae) and remarks on the helminthological fauna of Liolaemus lutzae Mertens, 1938 (Lacertilia, Iguanidae). Memorias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro 87(2): 297-300. Olmo, E. 1986. Reptilia. Jn: J. Bernard (series ed.), Animal cytogenetics. Volume 4: Chordata 3. Gebriider Borntraeger, Berlin and Stuttgart, iv+100 pp. - comments on karyotypes of Liolaemus and Phymaturus. Orians, G. H. and O. T. Solbrig (eds.). 1977. Convergent evolution in warm deserts: an examination of strategies and patterns in deserts of Argentina and the United States. US/IBP Synthesis Series 3, Dowden, Hutchinson & Ross, Inc., Stroudsburg, Pennsylvania. p. 271 - appendix J lists seven species of Liolaemus from three sites in the Monte desert. Orrego Aravena, R. 1971. Reptiles de La Pampa. Bibliographia Pampeana-Serie Folletos 14: 1-68. Ortiz, J.C. 1973. Nota distribucional sobre el Liolaemus platei platei Werner (Squamata: Iguanidae). Anales del Museo de Historia Natural de Valparaiso 6: 75-77. - new southern records for Liolaemus platei platei in Chile; Quebrada Paposo is the furthest south. Ortiz, J.C. 1974. Reptiles del Parque Nacional “Vicente Pérez Rosales.” I.-Habitos alimenticios en Liolaemus pictus pictus, Duméril et Bibron (Squamata-Iguanidae). Anales del Museo de Historia Natural de Valparaiso 7: 317-326. - stomach contents from 66 specimens contained Diptera, Homonoptera, Hymonoptera, Coleoptera, and Araneae; no significant differences among localities, but adults prefer coleoptera and juveniles prefer spiders. Ortiz, J.C. 1975. Una nueva especie de lagartija Chilena, Liolaemus donosoi Ortiz sp. nov. (Squamata-Iguanidae). Anales de] Museo de Historia Natural de Valparaiso 8: 62-65. p. 62 - t.d. Liolaemus donosoi. Ortiz, J.C. 1981. Révision taxonomique et biologie des Liolaemus du groupe nigromaculatus (Squamata, Iguanidae). Thése de Doctorat d’Etatés Sciences Naturelles, Université Paris VII, 438 pp. Ortiz, J.C. 1981. Estudio multivariado de las especies de Liolaemus del grupo nigromaculatus (Squamata, Iguanidae). Anales del Museo de Historia Natural de Valparaiso 14: 247-265. p. 258 - Liolaemus copiapensis (new combination). Ortiz, J.C. 1987. Une nouvelle espéce de Liolaemus (Sauria, Iguanidae) du Chili. Bulletin Museum National d’Historie Naturelle (Paris) Ser. 9, Sec. A(1): 265-270. p- 265 - t.d. Liolaemus velosoi. Ortiz, J.C. 1988. Situacién de la exportacién de los vertebrados terrestres Chilenos. Comunicaciones del Museo Regional de Concepcién (Chile) 2: 37-41. p. 40 - over 18,000 lizards, including Liolaemus, exported from Chile in 1988; p. 42 - species exported include Centrura flagellifer, Liolaemus chiliensis, L. kuhlmanni, L. lemniscatus, L. leopardinus, L. nitidus, L. pictus, L. tenuis, and L. zapallarensis. 51 Ortiz, J.C. 1989. El recurso fauna en la VIII Region. Pp. 29-38, in: J. C. Ortiz (ed.), Una nueva visién caleidosc6pica de los recursos naturales. Facultad de Ciencias Biologicas y de Recursos Naturales, Sociedad Biologia de Chile, Region Concepcién. - species listed as characteristic of the following sectors of the region are: p. 30 - Centrura flagellifer: mesetas y planicies alto-andinas; p. 32 - Liolaemus pictus: cordillera boscosa de altura; Liolaemus lemniscatus: depresion intermedia. Ortiz, J.C. 1989. Catalogue des types du Musée d’ Histoire Naturelle de Neuchatel. II. Sauriens. Extrait du Bulletin de la Société Neuchateloise des Sciences Naturelles 112: 47-64. p. 50 - lists lectotype and paralectotypes for Ctenoblepharys adspersus; lists lectotype and paralectotypes for Liolaemus lemniscatus. Ortiz, J.C. 1989. Description de Liolaemus silvai sp. nov. (Sauria, Iguanidae) du “Norte Chico” du Chili. Bulletin Museum National d’Historie Naturelle (Paris) Ser. 11, Sec. A(1): 247-252. p. 247 - t.d. Liolaemus silvai. Ortiz, J.C. 1994. Una nueva especie de lagarto altoandino del género Liolaemus (Sauria, Tropiduridae). Boletin de la Sociedad de Biologia de Concepcion 65: 191-195. - t.d. Liolaemus nigroventrolateralis. Ortiz, J. C. and C. P. Guillaume. 1984. Primer estudio del polimorfismo genético en algunas especies de Liolaemus (Squamata, Iguanidae) de Chile. II Reunion Iberoamericano Conservacion Zoologia de Vertebrados, pp. 47-58. Ortiz, J.C. and P. Marquet. 1987. Una nueva especie de lagarto altoandino: Liolaemus islugensis (Reptilia-[guanidae). Guyana, Zoologia 51(1-4): 59-63. p. 59 - t.d. Liolaemus islugensis. Ortiz, J. C. and H. Niifez. 1986. Catalogo critico de los tipos de reptiles conservados en el museo Nacional de Historia Natural Santiago, Chile. Publicacién Ocasional Museo Nacional de Historia Natural (Santiago) 43: 1-23. p. 7 - holotype Ctenoblepharis audituvelatus: MNHN 978; lectotype Liolaemus buergeri: MNHN 1474; p. 8 - holotype Liolaemus curis: MNHN 1545; holotype Liolaemus fabiana: MNHN 970; p. 10 - holotype Liolaemus hernani: MNHN 643; holotype Liolaemus bisignatus: MNHN 1477; p. 11 - syntype Liolaemus melanopleurus: MNHN 1549; p. 12-15 - discusses loss or transfer from the museum of type material of Helocephalus nigriceps, Liolaemus buergeri, Phrynosaura reichei, Proctotretus marmoratus, Proctotretus melanopleurus, Proctotretus modestus, and Proctotretus pallidus. Ortiz Z., J. C. and G. M. Riveros G. 1976. Habitos alimenticios de Liolaemus nicromaculatus [sic] kuhlmani Miiller y Hellmich. Anales del Museo de Historia Natural de Valparaiso 9: 131-140. - examined stomach contents of 129 specimens from Con Con sand dunes; Homoptera, Hymenoptera, and Coleoptera are the main components of the diet. In the dry season, the lizards also feed on fruits and seeds of succulent plants. Ortiz, J. C., J. F. Troncoso, R. Ibarra- Vidal, and H. Nufiez. 1990. Lista sistemdatica, distribucién, estado de conservacion y clave para los herpetozoos de la VIII region. Comunicaciones del Museo Regional de Concepcion (Chile) 4: 31-43. - key includes: Centrura flagellifer, Liolaemus chiliensis, L. chillanensis, L. cyanogaster, L. fuscus, L. kriegi, L. lemniscatus, L. lineomaculatus, L. nitidus, L. pictus, L. rothi, L. schroderi, and L. tenuis. Ortiz, J.C. and T. S. Zunino. 1976. Ciclo reproductor de Liolaemus nigromaculatus kuhlmanni. Anales del Museo de Historia Natural de Valparaiso 9: 127-130. - histological description of the reproductive tract of a “dune lizard.” Parsons, T. S. 1970. The nose and Jacobson’s organ. Pp. 99-191, in: C. Gans and T. S. Parsons (eds.), Biology of the Reptilia, Volume 2: Morphology B. Academic Press, New York, xiii+374. p. 119 - list of early work on nose: cites Born (1879) for Liolaemus; p. 128 - Liolaemus may have a Dipsosaurus-type nasal vestibulum. Paul, D., E. E. Williams, and W. P. Hall. 1976. Lizard karyotypes from the Galapagos Islands: chromosomes in phylogeny and evolution. Breviora 441: 1-31. pp. 7, 17, 19 - eight species of Liolaemus have karyotypes of 2n = 30-40; p. 8 - cite Etheridge (pers. comm.) that Vilcunia and Pelusaurus are allied to the Liolaemus-Phrynosaura-Ctenoblepharis complex and not to Proctotretus; p. 15 - dendrogram provided by Etheridge shows Leiocephalus (Phymaturus (Phrynosaura + Ctenoblepharys)). 52 Paz de la Vega, Y., M. Fuenzalida, J. Illanes, and D. Lemus. 1981. Some histological and histochemical characteristics of the cardiac conductive system in lizards. International Research Communications System (IRCS) Medical Science 9(20): 75-76. - Liolaemus gravenhorsti and L. tenuis examined. Paz de la Vega-Lemus, Y., D. Lemus, and L. Zurich. 1971. Efectos de acetilcolina, histamina y 5-hidroxitriptamina sobre la motilidad del utero aislado de Liolaemus gravenhorsti y Liolaemus tenuis t. Archivos de Biologia y Medicina Experimentales (Santiago) 8: 26-29. Paz de la Vega, Y., M. Villalobos, M. Alonso, and D. Lemus. 1983. Adrenergic activity of isolated lizard atria Liolaemus gravenhorsti. International Research Communications System (IRCS) Medical Science 11(6): 552- 353. Paz de la Vega, Y., M. Villalobos, D. Lemus, and R. Acosta. 1986. Efecto de aminas biogenas (histamina y 5- hidroxitriptamina) sobre la motilidad de la musculatura lisa digestiva aislada de iguanidos (Liolaemus gravenhorsti, Reptilia—Squamata—Iguanidae). Journal of Veterinary Medicine A 33(1): 73-78. Pearson, O. P. 1954. Habits of the lizard Liolaemus multiformis multiformis at high altitudes in southern Peru. Copeia 1954(2): 111-116. - plate I shows neonates with standard pattern; female retains some pattern; adult males are patternless. Lives in burrows, under large rocks in sandy desert at 14,600 feet. Pearson, O. P. 1977. The effect of substrate and of skin color on thermoregulation of a lizard. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology 58A: 353-358. - Liolaemus multiformis basks on insulating substrates and warms 0.6 °C/min; skin color blanches as body temperature increases; lizards painted silver warmed nearly as fast and as much as normal and black lizards. Pearson, O. P. and D. F. Bradford. 1976. Thermoregulation of lizards and toads at high altitudes in Peru. Copeia 1976(1): 155-170. - describe behavioral thermoregulation in Liolaemus multiformis and L. mocquardi. Pearson, O. P. and C. P. Ralph. 1978. The diversity and abundance of vertebrates along an altitudinal gradient in Peru. Memornias del Museo de Historia Natural “Javier Prado” 18: 1-97. p. 21 - Crenoblepharys adspersa occurs in the Tilandsia community; p. 24 - Liolaemus pantherinus occurs in the Desert Scrub community; p. 27 - Liolaemus alticolor occurs in the Mountain Scrub community (3000- 4500 m); p. 29 - Liolaemus multiformis occurs in the Quehua community. Péfaur, J., J. Davila, E. Lépez, and H. Nufiez. 1978. Distribucidn y clasificacidn de los reptiles del Departamento de Arequipa. Boletin del Instituto Frances de Estudios Andinos 7(1-2): 129-139. p. 132-133 - Liolaemus multiformis color pattern, habits, and reproduction described; p. 134 - notes Ctenoblepharis sp. from 10 km southwest of Uchumayo. Péfaur, J. E. and W. E. Duellman. 1980. Community structure in high Andean herpetofaunas. Transactions of the Kansas Academy of Sciences 83(2): 45-65. - provide data for density, diversity, niche breadth, and niche overlap for Andean amphibians and reptiles including: Liolaemus bibronii, L. darwini, L. elongatus, L. kriegi, L. multiformis, L. ruibali, and Phymaturus palluma. Pellegrin, J. 1909. Description de cinge lézards nouveaux des hauts plateaux du Pérou et de la Bolivie, appartenant au genre Liolaemus. Bulletin Musee d’Historie Naturelle de Paris 11: 324-329. p. 324 - t.d. Liolaemus pantherinus; p. 325 - t.d. Liolaemus pulcher; p. 326 - t.d. Liolaemus mocquardi; p. 327 - t.d. Liolaemus variabilis var. Crequii; t.d. Liolaemus variabilis var. Neveui; p. 328 - t.d. Liolaemus variabilis var. Courtyi; t.d. Liolaemus bolivianus. Pena Roche, H. 1939. Contribuciones a la morfologia comparada de la fauna chilena. Boletin Sociedad de Biologia de Concepcion 13: 133-146. - describes eosinophils of Liolaemus; gives number of erythrocytes for L. pictus and L. nigromaculatus. Peracca, M. G. 1895. Viaggio del dott Alfredo Borelli nel Chaco nella Republica Argentina y nel Paraguay. Rettili ed anfibi. Bolletino Musei di Zoologia ed Anatomia Comparata, Universita di Torino 10(195): 1-32. p. 5 - Liolaemus wiegmannii from Resistencia, Chaco. Peracca, M. G. 1897. Viaggio del Dott Alfredo Borelli nel Chaco boliviano e nella Republica Argentina. Rettili ed anfibi. Bolletino Musei di Zoologia ed Anatomia Comparata, Universita di Torino 12(274): 1-19. Peres, F, A. Sarmento, A. Lacerda, D. Rodrigues, V. Lucena, A. Jardim, O. Peirano, G. Lopes, L. P. Machado, A. W. Marques, M. Van Sluys, M. Bergallo, and C. F. D. Rocha. 1994. A importancia da educagao ambiental na 53 preservacdo de espécies ameacadas de extingao: o exemplo de Liolaemus lutzae (Sauria: Tropiduridae). Annals de la I Encontro Brasileiro de Ciéncias Ambientais, Rio de Janeiro 2: 723-735. Pereyra, E. A. 1985. Nuevo igudnido del género Phymaturus del noroeste Argentino. Boletin de la Asociacién Herpetolégica Argentina 2(4): 3-4. p. 3 - t.d. Phymaturus antofagastensis. Pereyra, E. A. 1985. Liolaemus uspallatensis Macola-Castro, nuevo dato de colecta ampliando su distribucién geografica. Boletin de la Asociacién Herpetoldgica Argentina 2(4): 4. p. 4 - Liolaemus uspallatensis occurs in the zone of Barreal Blanco, Departamento Ullun, San Juan Province, in sympatry with L. ruibali. Pereyra, E. A. 1986. Variacién geografica en Liolaemus ornatus Koslowsky (Sauria: Iguanidae). Cuadernos de Herpetologia 2(2): 1-21. - documents north-south variation in scales counts. Pereyra, E. A. 1991. Phymaturus antofagastensis (Pereyra 1986) (Tropiduridae, Liolaeminae): ampliacion descriptiva. Boletin de la Asociacién Herpetologica Argentina 7(2): 24-47. - detailed description of Phymaturus antofagastensis with photographs. Pereyra, E. A. 1992. Nueva especie de lagarto andino: Liolaemus vallecurensis (Tropiduridae: Liolaeminae). Noticiario Mensual del Museo Nacional de Historia Natural (Santiago) 321: 10-14. p. 11 - t.d. Liolaemus vallecurensis, figs. 1, 2. Pereyra, E., J. Mella, and N. F. Diaz. 1992. Andalisis meristico preliminar de la estructura taxonémica del género Liolaemus Wiegmann. Acta Zooldégica Lilloana 41: 277-286. - phenetic (UPGMA) analysis of Liolaemus chiliensis, L. cuyanus, L. fitzingerii, L. kingii, L. lineomaculatus, L. magellanicus, and L. wiegmannii. Peters, J. A. and R. Donoso-Barros. 1970. Catalogue of the Neotropical Squamata: Part I. Lizards and amphisbaenians. Bulletin of the United States National Museum 297: 1-293. - keys, synonymies, and distribution given for the genera Ctenoblepharis, Liolaemus, Phrynosaura, and Phymaturus and their species. Pflaumer, C. 1944. Las lagartijas viviparas del género Liolaemus (Fam. Iguanidae). Revista Universitaria (Anales de la Academia Chilena de Ciencias Naturales) 29(1): 113-116. - viviparous species in Chile include Liolaemus altissimus, L. araucaniensis, L. buergeri, L. cyanogaster, and L. pictus, oviparous species include L. chiliensis, L. gravenhorsti, L. monticola, L. nigromaculatus, L. nitidus, and L. platei. Philippi, R. A. 1860. Reise durch die Wiiste Atacama, auf Befehl der chilenischen Regierung in Sommer 1853-1854. Liberia de Eduard Anton, Halle, ix+192 pp. p. 163 - t.d. Proctotretus marmoratus; p. 166 - t.d. Proctotretus modestus;, t.d. Proctotretus melanopleurus; Proctotretus bisignatus; - t.d. Proctotretus pallidus; p. 167 - t.d. Helocephalus; t.d. Helocephalus nigriceps. Philippi, R. A. 1860. Viaje al desierto de Atacama hecho de orde del gobierno de Chile en el verano 1853-54. Liberia de Eduardo Anton, Halle en Sajonia. Pienaar, U. de V. 1962. Hematology of some South African reptiles. Witwatersrand University Press, Johannesburg. - reports on eosinophils in Liolaemus. Platel, R. 1979. Brain weight-body weight relationships. Pp. 147-171, in: C. Gans, R. G. Northcutt, and P. Ulinski (eds.), Biology of the Reptilia, Volume 9: Neurology A. Academic Press, New York, xvit+462. p. 157 - table of brain-body weights includes data for Liolaemus chiliensis. Pope, C. H. 1956. The reptile world. A natural history of the snakes, lizards, turtles and crocodilians. Rutledge and Kegan Paul, xxv+325 pp. - general note on Liolaemus. Porter, K.R. 1972. Herpetology. W.B. Saunders Co., Philadelphia, xi+523pp. p. 401 - table on egg and young production lists Liolaemus fuscus, L. gravenhorsti, L. lineomaculatus, L. magellanicus, L. monticola, L. multiformis, and L. tenuis. Pough, F. H., R. M. Andrews, J. E. Cadle, M. L. Crump, A. H. Savitsky, and K. D. Wells. 1998. Herpetology. Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River, New Jersey, xi+577 pp. p. 96 - Ctenoblepharys and some Liolaemus are sand dwellers, some Liolaemus are rock dwellers or terrestrial. Some Liolaemus are viviparous, a few are herbivorous; p. 399 - Liolaemus monticola feeds only on ants and have dental specializations similar to Phrynosoma and Moloch, but no other specializations. 54 Proeter, J.B. 1921. On a small collection of reptiles and batrachians made by Mr. Goodfellow in E. Bolivia (1918- 19). Annals and Magazine of Natural History (9)7: 189-192. Quay, W. B. 1979. The parietal eye-pineal complex. Pp. 245-406, in: C. Gans, R. G. Northcutt, a P. Ulinski (eds.), Biology of the Reptilia, Volume 9: Neurology A. Academic Press, New York, xvi+462 pp. p. 293 - figure of median section through head of Liolaemus pictus adapted from Trost (1956); p. 330 - table of references to parietal eye descriptions: cites Trost (1954, 1956) for L. chiliensis and L. pictus, and Schmidt (1909) and Spencer (1888a,c) for L. nitidus and L. tenuis. Quijada, B. 1916. Catalogo sistematico de los reptiles chilenos y estranjeros conservados en el Museo Nacional de Historia Natural. Boletin del Museo Nacional de Chile 9: 22-47. Ramirez Pinilla, M. P. 1988. Actividad reproductiva en especies del género Liolaemus con base en ejemplares de la coleccién de la Fundacién Miguel Lillo. Boletin de la Asociacién Herpetolégica Argentina 4(2-3): 8. Ramirez Pinilla, M. P. 1989. Ciclo reproductiva y de cuerpos grasos de una poblacién ovipara de Liolaemus alticolor. Boletin de la Asociacidn Herpetolégica Argentina 5(3): 6-7. Ramirez Pinilla, M. P. 1989. Formas oviparas y viviparas en el lagarto altoandino Liolaemus alticolor. Boletin de la Asociacién Herpetologica Argentina 5(3): 11-12. Ramirez Pinilla, M. P. 1991. Reproductive and fat body cycle of the lizard Liolaemus wiegmanni. Amphibia-Reptilia 12: 195-202. - Liolaemus wiegmanni exhibit late winter and spring reproductive activity. Ramirez Pinilla, M. P. 1991. Estudio histologico de los tractos reproductivos y actividad ciclica anual reproductiva de machos y hembras de dos especies del género Liolaemus (Reptilia: Sauria: Iguanidae). Unpublished Doctoral Dissertation, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Tucuman, San Miguel de Tucuman, Argentina, 208 pp. Ramirez Pinilla, M. P. 1991. Reproductive and fat body cycles of the viviparous lizard Liolaemus huacahuasicus. Journal of Herpetology 25(2): 205-208. Ramirez Pinilla, M. P. 1992. Actividad reproductiva en tres especies simpatricas del género Liolaemus (Reptilia: Sauna: Tropiduridae). Caldasia 17(1): 67-74. - reproductive activity examined in: Liolaemus bibroni, L. elongatus, and L. ruibali. Ramirez Pinilla, M. P. 1992. Variaciones histolégicas en los tractos reproductivos de machos de algunas especies de Liolaemus (Reptilia: Sauria: Iguanidae) en diferentes estados de actividad reproductiva. Revista Brasileira de Biologia 52(1): 133-140. - examined in Liolaemus alticolor, L. bitaeniatus, L. darwini, and L. scapularis. Ramirez Pinilla, M. P. 1992. Ciclos reproductivos y de cuerpos grasos en dos poblaciones de Liolaemus darwinii (Reptilia: Sauria: Tropiduridae). Acta Zoolégica Lilloana 42(1): 41-49. [1993] Ramirez Pinilla, M. P. 1992. Variaciones histolégicas en los tractos reproductivos de hembras de algunas especies oviparas de Liolaemus (Reptilia: Iguanidae) en diferentes estados de actividad reproductiva. Acta Zooldégica Lilloana 42(1): 115-122. [1993] - studied in Liolaemus alticolor, L. bitaeniatus, two populations of L. darwinii, and L. scapularis. Ramirez Pinilla, M. P. 1994. Reproductive and fat body cycles of the oviparous lizard Liolaemus scapularis. Journal of Herpetology 28(4): 521-524. Ramirez Pinilla, M. P. 1995. Reproductive and fat body cycles of the oviparous lizard Liolaemus bitaeniatus (Sauria: Tropiduridae). Journal of Herpetology 29(2): 256-260. Ramirez Pinilla, M. P. and F. B. Cruz. 1991. Actividad reproductiva y poblacional en el lagarto Liolaemus chacoensis (Sauria: Iguanidae). Boletin de la Asociacién Herpetolégica Argentina 7(1): 10-11. Ramirez Pinilla, M. P. and R. F. Laurent. 1996. Apparent reproductive bimodality in Liolaemus alticolor alticolor (Reptilia: Sauria). Bulletin of the Maryland Herpetological Society 32(1): 1-13. - some populations of Liolaemus alticolor alticolor are oviparous, others are viviparous, and one population contains both oviparous and viviparous individuals; oviparous populations are found at lower elevations than are viviparous populations. Rand, A. S. 1982. Clutch size in Brazilian iguanid lizards. Herpetologica 38(1): 171-178. p. 173 - reports clutch sizes for Liolaemus lutzae and L. wiegmannii. Reeder, T. W. 1995. Phylogenetic relationships among phrynosomatid lizards as inferred from mitochondrial ribosomal DNA sequences: substitutional bias and information content of transitions relative to transversions. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 4(2): 203-222. - appendix 2 includes DNA sequences of Liolaemus scapularis. 55 Reeder, T. W. and J. J. Wiens. 1996. Evolution of the lizard family Phrynosomatidae as inferred from diverse types of data. Herpetological Monographs 10: 43-84. p. 74 - lists as outgroup species for skeletal data Liolaemus chiliensis, L. elongatus, L. multiformis, L. simonsii, and Phymaturus palluma; p. 75 - lists external characters for Liolaemus archeforus, L. periglacialis, and Phymaturus palluma. Renous, S. 1979. Application des principes cladistiques a la phylogenése et la biogeographie des Lacertiliens. Gegenbaurs Morpholohiasches Jahrbuch 125(3): 376-432. Ringuelet, R. and R. H. Aramburu. 1957. Enumeracion sistematica de los vertebrados de la Provincia de Buenos Aires. Ministerio de Asuntos Agrarios (Buenos Aires), 94 pp. Rocha, C. F. D. 1985. Ecologia de Liolaemus lutzae (Sauria: Iguanidae) na Restinga de Barra de Marica, R.J. Unpublished Bachelor’s Thesis, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, 114 pp. Rocha, C.F. D. 1985. Liolaemus lutzae (Sauria: Iguanidae): um problema para manejo e conservacao. Boletim Fundac4o Brasileira para a Conserveao da Natureza 20(1): 106-108. Rocha, C.F. D. 1986. Distribuigao geografica de Liolaemus lutzae (Sauria: Iguanidae), um lagarto endémico do Estado do Rio de Janeiro. Boletim Fundac4o Brasileira para a Conserv¢ao da Natureza 21: 163-167. Rocha, C. F. D. 1988. Ritmo de atividade e microclimatologia do habitat de Liolaemus lutzae (Sauria: Iguanidae). Anais do Seminario Regional de Ecologia de Sao Carlos 6: 269-281. Rocha, C. F. D. 1989. Estratégia e ciclo reproductivo de Liolaemus lutzae (Sauria, Iguanidae) na Restinga da Barra de Marica, Rio de Janeiro. Unpublished Master’s Thesis, Departamento de Zoologia, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, Sao Paulo, Brazil, 114 pp. Rocha, C. F. D. 1989. Diet of a tropical lizard (Liolaemus lutzae) of southeastern Brazil. Journal of Herpetology 23(3): 292-294. p- 292-293 - collected at Barra de Marica Restinga (22°57’ S; 43°50’ W), 35 km E Rio de Janiero. Occurs on beach in open sandy area with herbaceous vegetation; frequently found under detritus where it forages and thermoregulates. Snout-vent length ranges from 30-79 mm. Diet is numerically: arthropods = 62.7% and plants = 37.3% of stomach contents. Rocha, C. F. D. 1990. Reproductive effort in the Brazilian sand lizard Liolaemus lutzae (Sauria: Iguanidae). Ciéncia e Cultura (Sao Paulo) 42(12): 1203-1206. Rocha, C. F. D. 1991. Composigao do habitat e uso do espago por Liolaemus lutzae (Sauria: Tropiduridae) em uma area de restinga. Revista Brasileira de Biologia 51(4): 839-846. [1992] - Liolaemus lutzae associates with vegetation and detritus for shelter, foraging, and thermoregulation. Rocha, C. F.D. 1992. A ecologia da lagartixa-da-areia (Liolaemus lutzate), uma espécie tipica do estado do Rio de Janeiro. Coordenagao de Comunicagao Social e PublicagGes, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, 16 pp. - includes color photos. Rocha, C. F. D. 1992. Ecologia e comportamento de Liolaemus lutzae (Sauria: Tropiduridae) em uma 4rea de restinga do sudeste do Brasil. Unpublished Doctoral Dissertation, Departamento de Zoologia, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Sao Paulo, Brazil, 176 pp. Rocha, C. F. D. 1992. Liolaemus lutzae (Sand Lizard). Cannibalism. Herpetological Review 23(2): 60. Rocha, C. F. D. 1992. Reproductive and fat body cycles of the tropical sand lizard (Liolaemus lutzae) of southeastern Brazil. Journal of Herpetology 26(1): 17-23. - clutch size is 1-4 eggs, usually 2; females may produce two clutches per year. Rocha, C. F. D. 1992. Lagartixa fluminense. Ciéncia Hoje 14(79): 64-65. Rocha, C.F. D. 1993. The set of defence mechanisms in a tropical sand lizard (Liolaemus lutzae) of southeastern Brazil. Ciéncia e Cultura (Sao Paulo) 45(2): 116-122. - defense strategies include: crypsis, running, caudal autotomy, tail waving, threat displays, and burying; predators include: guira cuckoo (Guira guira), burrowing owls (Athene cunicularia), and a ghost crab (Ocypode quadrata); includes color photos. Rocha, C. F. D. 1994. Introdugao 4 ecologia de lagartos Brasileiros. Herpetologia no Brasil 1: 39-57. Rocha, C. F.D. 1995. Growth of the tropical sand lizard Liolaemus lutzae in southeastern Brazil. Amphibia-Reptilia 16(3): 257-264. Rocha, C. F. D. 1995. Nematode parasites of the Brazilian sand lizard, Liolaemus lutzae. Amphibia-Reptilia 16(4): 412-415. Rocha, C. F.D. 1995. Ecologia termal de Liolaemus lutzae (Sauria: Tropiduridae) em uma 4rea de restinga do sudeste do Brasil. Revista Brasileira de Biologia 55(3): 481-489. 56 Rocha, C. F. D. 1996. Seasonal shift in lizard diet: the seasonality in food resources affecting the diet of Liolaemus lutzae (Tropiduridae). Ciéncia e Cultura (Sao Paulo) 48(4): 264-269. Rocha, C. F. D. 1996. Indirect estimate of a lizard population size, density and age structure. Vida Silvestre Neotropical 5(2): 1-4. - Liolaemus lutzae studied. Rocha, C. F. D. 1996. Sexual dimorphism in the sand lizard Liolaemus lutzae of southeastern Brazil. Pp. 131-140, in J. E. Péfaur (ed.), Herpetologia Neotropical. Consejo de Publicaciones, Universidad de Los Andes, Mérida, Venezuela, 451 pp. Rocha, C. F. D. 1998. Ontogenetic shift in the rate of plant consumption in a tropical lizard (Liolaemus litzae). Journal of Herpetology 32(2): 274-279. - hatchlings are carnivorous, but starting at 38 mm, and as they grow, their diet includes more plant tissues. Rocha, C. F. D. and H. G. Bergallo. 1992. Population decrease: the case of Liolaemus lutzae, an endemic lizard of southeastern Brazil. Ciéncia e Cultura (S40 Paulo) 44(1): 52-54. Rocha Barbosa, O. and A. Mansarim-de-Lacerda. 1992. Taille relative du coeur chez Liolaemus lutzae Mertens, 1938 (Sauria, Tropiduridae). Annales des Sciences Naturalles Zoologie et Biologie - Animale 12(4): 191-196. [1991] Rodrigues, H. D. O. 1991. Contribution to the study of the helminth fauna of Liolaemus lutzae Mertens 1938 (Lacertilia: Iguanidae). Revista do Instituto de Medicina Tropical de Sao Paulo 33(supplement 8): S58. Rodrigues, H. D.O. 1992. Pseudocapillaria maricaensis new species of nematode Capillaridae and remarks on the helminthological fauna of Liolaemus lutzae Mertens 1938 Lacertilia Iguanidae. Memorias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro 87(2): 297-300. Roig, V. G. 1972. Esbozo general del poblamiento animal en la provincia de Mendoza. Boletin de la Sociedad Argentina de Botanica 13: 81-88. Roig, V. G. and F. A. Roig. 1969. Guia botanica y zooldgica de viaje desde Mendoza hasta Uspallata por los Paramillos. X Jornadas Argentinas de Botanica 1-62. Roux, J. 1907. Revision de quelques espéces de reptiles et amphibiens du Péru’ descrites par Tschudi en 1844-1846. Revue Suisse de Zoologie 15: 293-303. p. 297 - type of Liolaemus elegans at Neuchatel; redescription of the type of L. modestus. Ruiz, G., M. Rosemann, and H. Nifiez. 1993. Blood values in South American lizards from high and low altitudes. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology 106A(4): 713-718. - hematological values of 27 species of lizards including 20 species of Liolaemus and two species of Phymaturus. Blood values were found to be independent of altitudinal distribution. Sage, R. D. 1972. The origin and structure of the desert ecosystem: the lizard component. The origin and structure of ecosystems. IBP Technical Report 72-6, University of Texas, Austin, (mimeo) 1972: 149-178. Sage, R. 1973. Ecological convergence of the lizard faunas of the chaparral communities in Chile and California. Pp. 339-348, in: F. di Castri and H. A. Mooney (eds.), Mediterranean-type ecosystems: origin and structure. Ecological Studies Volume 7, Springer-Verlag, Berlin. Sage, R. D. 1974. The structure of lizard faunas: comparative biologies of lizards in two Argentinian deserts. Unpublished Doctoral Dissertation, University of Texas, Austin, 341 pp. - included in study: Liolaemus altissimus, L. bibronii, L. darwinii, L. gracilis, L. ruibali, and Phymaturus palluma. Saint Girons, H. M.-C. 1956. Cycle d’ activité et thermorégulation chez les reptiles (lézards et serpentes). Vie et Milieu, Bulletin du Laboratoire Arago, Université de Paris 7: 133-226. - discusses thermoregulation and annual activity cycle in Liolaemus multiformis. Saint Girons, H. M.-C. 1970. Morphology of the circulating blood cells. Pp. 73-91, in: C. Gans and T. S. Parsons (eds.), Biology of the Reptilia, Volume 3: Morphology C. Academic Press, xiv+385 pp. p. 83 - cites Pienaar (1962) for eosinophils in Liolaemus. Saint Girons, H. M.-C. 1985. Comparative data on lepidosaurian reproduction and some time tables. Pp. 35-58, in: C. Gans and F. Billett (eds.), Biology of the Reptilia, Volume 15: Development. John Wiley and Sons, New York, x+731 pp. p. 42 - table on reproductive cycles: cites Leyton et al. (1980) for Liolaemus gravenhorsti and Pearson (1954) for L. multiformis. Sallaberry, M., H. Nufiez, and J. Yafiez. 1982. Liolaemus hernani n. sp. de Iguanidae de la zona central de Chile. Boletin del Museo Nacional de Historia Natural Chile 39: 93-99. [1984] p. 94 - t.d. Liolaemus hernani. =i) Sammartano, F. 1991. Microornamentazioni delle squame di Liolaemus magellanicus (Hombron et Jacquinot, 1847) (Reptilia, Sauria). Animalia (Catania) 17: 85-94. Schifter, H. 1965. Phymaturus palluma, ein chilenischer Hochgebirgsleguan. Aquarien und Terrarien Zeitschrift 18(11): 342-344. Schmidt, K. P. and R. F. Inger. 1957. Living reptiles of the world. Hanover House, Garden City, New York, 287 pp. - note the presence of viviparity in Liolaemus. Schmidt, W. J. 1909. Beitrage zur Kenntnis der Parietalorgane der Saurier. Zeitschrift fuer Wissenschaftliche Zoologie 92: 359-426. - description of parietal organ in Liolaemus nitidis and L. tenuis. Schoener, T. S. 1977. Competition and the niche. Pp. 35-136, in: C. Gans and D. W. Tinkle (eds.), Biology of the Reptilia, Volume 7: Ecology and Behaviour A. Academic Press, New York, xvi+720. p. 91 - cites Hurtubia and di Castri (1973) for habitat shifts in Liolaemus tenuis; p. 114 - cites Hurtubia and di Castri (1973) for diet shifts in L. tenuis. Schulte, J. A. II, J. R. Macey, R. E. Espinoza, and A. Larson. 1999. Phylogenetic relationships in the iguanid lizard genus Liolaemus: multiple origins of viviparous reproduction and evidence for recurring Andean vicariance and dispersal. Biological Journal of the Linnean Society 69: 75-102. Schulte, J. A. II, J. R. Macey, A. Larson, and T. J. Papenfuss. 1998. Molecular tests of phylogenetic taxonomies: a general procedure and example using four subfamilies of the lizard family Iguanidae. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 10(3): 367-376. - Liolaemus pictus and Phymaturus somuncurensis included as representatives of the Tropidurinae. Schwenk, K. 1985. Occurrence, distribution and functional significance of taste buds in lizards. Copeia 1985(1): 91- 101. p. 93 - describes distribution and relative abundance of taste buds in Liolaemus monticola. Schwenk, K. 1988. Comparative morphology of the lepidosaur tongue and its relevance to squamate phylogeny. Pp. 569-598, in: Phylogenetic relationships of the lizard families: essays commemorating Charles L. Camp. R. Estes and G. Pregill (eds.). Stanford University Press, Stanford, California. p. 597 - Liolaemus elongatus, L. magellanicus, L. monticola, and Phymaturus palluma examined. Schwenk, K. 1993. The evolution of chemoreception in squamate reptiles: a phylogenetic approach. Brain, Behavior and Evolution 41: 124-137. - suggests that Liolaemus would be a good genus for testing certain predictions about chemosensory information. Scolaro, J. A. 1976. Fauna herpetoldgica de algunas islas del litoral de Chubut. Physis (Buenos Aires) (C) 35(91): 273-277. Scolaro, J. A. 1976. Lista sistematica de reptiles de la peninsula de Valdés (Chubut). I - Sauria. Physis (Buenos Aires) 35(91): 267-271. Scolaro, J. A. 1992. Morphological differences between Vilcunia and Liolaemus magellanicus and L. lineomaculatus: a discriminant analysis. Acta Zoolégica Lilloana 41: 287-293. - Vilcunia is only distantly related to Liolaemus lineomaculatus and L. magellanicus; the specialized ecology of Vilcunia is discussed. Scolaro, J. A. 1993. Geographic distribution. Liolaemus elongatus petrophilus (Stone-loving Lizard). Herpetological Review 24(3): 109. - new record from Dique Ameghino Village, Chubut Province (43° 50’ S; 67° 20 W) extends range 450 km S. Scolaro, J. A. and J. M. Cei. 1977. Herpetologia patagénica. XII. Los igudnidos del groupo Liolaemus fitzingeri en Chubut: datos seroldgicos y posicién taxonémica. Physis (Buenos Aires) Sec. C. 36(92): 219-223. Scolaro, J. A. and J. M. Cei. 1987. A multivariate analysis of morphometric and exosomatic characters of iguanid lizards of the Patagonian Liolaemus kingi complex. Journal of Herpetology 21(4): 343-348. Scolaro, J. A. and J. M. Cei. 1991. The poorly known Andean lizard Liolaemus uspallatensis Macola and Castro 1982, and its intrageneric relationships: a taxonumerical approach (Reptilia, Iguanidae). Bolletino Museo Regionale di Scienze Naturali, Torino 9(1): 91-103. Scolaro, J. A. and J. M. Cei. 1997. Systematic status and relationships of Liolaemus species of the archeforus and kingii groups: a morphological and taxonumerical approach (Reptilia: Tropiduridae). Bolletino del Museo Regionale di Scienze Naturali, Torino 15(2): 369-400. p. 371 - all subspecies of Liolaemus archeforus and L. kingii elevated to species status; p. 377 - t.d. 58 Liolaemus tristis, a member of the kingii group; p. 383 - t.d. Liolaemus tari, a member of the archeforus group; p. 387 - t.d. Liolaemus escarchadosi, a memberof the archeforus group. . Scolaro, J. A., J. M. Cei, and L. Arias de Reyna. 1985. La identidad de las especies del grupo Liolaemus fitzingeri- melanops por medio del andlisis discriminante de caracteres morfolégicos (Sauna: Iguanidae). Historia Natural (Corrientes, Argentina) 5(2): 13-22. Serié, P. 1915. Suplemento a la fauna erpetolégica Argentina. Anales del Museo Nacional de Historia Natural de Buenos Aires 27: 93-109. Serrano, P. and S. Anderson. 1986. Datos sobre la alimentacién de Athene cunicularia en la Reserva de Fauna Altoandina de Ulla-Ulla, Bolivia. Dofana Acta Vertebrata 13: 180-182. - burrowing owls (Athene cunicularia) eat Liolaemus sp. Shine, R. 1985. The evolution of viviparity in reptiles: an ecological analysis. Pp. 605-694, in: C. Gans and F. Billett (eds), Biology of the Reptilia, Volume 15: Development B. John Wiley and Sons, New York, x+731 pp. p. 632 - lists viviparous and oviparous Liolaemus referred to by Donoso-Barros (1966), Fitch (1970), and Donoso-Barros and Cei (1971); fig. 3: distribution of oviparous and viviparous Liolaemus, p. 633 - cites Cei (1980) for viviparity and high-elevation (3200-4200 m) distribution in Phymaturus; p. 635 - cites Cei and Scolaro (1982) for viviparity in Vilcunia; p. 660 - cites Blackburn (pers. comm.) that phylogenetic reconstructions of Liolaemus are unreliable; p. 669, 671 - lists Liolaemus and Vilcunia in table of characteristics of viviparous lizards. Shreve, B. 1938. A new Liolaemus and two new Syrrhopus from Peru. Journal of the Washington Academy of Sciences 28(9): 404-407. p. 404 - t.d. Liolaemus walkeri. Shreve, B. 1941. Notes on Ecuadorian and Peruvian reptiles and amphibians with descriptions of new forms. Proceedings of the New England Zoological Club 18: 71-83. p. 73 - t.d. Stenocercus tacnae. Shreve, B. 1948. A new Liolaemus from Paraguay. Copeia 1948(2): 111-112. p. 111 - t.d. Liolaemus chacoensis. Silva, F., A. Veloso, J. Solervicens, and J. C. Ortiz. 1968. Investigaciones zooldgicas en el Parque Nacional Vicente Pérez Rosales y zona de Parque. Noticiario Mensual, Museo Nacional de Historia Natural, Santiago 13(148): 1- 2 Sim6es-Lopes, P. C. and L. Krause. 1986. Osteologia do sincranio de Liolaemus occipitalis Boulenger, 1885 (Sauria- Iguanidae). Revista Brasileira de Zoolgia 5(4): 491-508. Simonetti, J. 1984. Utilizacion de refugio por Liolaemus nigromaculatus: compromiso entre riesgos de predacién y necesidades termorregulatorias. Studies on Neotropical Fauna and Environment 19(1): 47-51. Simonetti, J. and H. Nunez. 1986. Sympatry and taxonomy of two lizards of the Liolaemus nigromaculatus group in northern Chile. Journal of Herpetology 20(3): 474-475. p. 474 - Liolaemus atacamensis (new combination). Simonetti, J. and J. C. Ortiz. 1980. Dominio en Liolaemus kuhlmanni (Reptilia, Iguanidae). Anales del Museo de Historia Natural de Valparaiso 13: 167-172. Sites, J. W., Jr. and K. M. Reed. 1994. Chromosomal evolution, speciation, and systematics: some relevant issues. Herpetologica 50(2): 237-249. p. 245 - discusses Liolaemus monticola complex. Skoczylas, R. 1978. Physiology of the digestive tract. Pp. 589-717, in: C. Gans and K. A. Gans (eds.), Biology of the Reptilia, Volume 8: Physiology B. Acadedmic Press, New York, xiv+782 pp. p. 683 - table of references: cites Lénnberg (1902) for the intestinal morphology of Liolaemus nitidis. Smith, G. R. 1996. Tail loss in the striped plateau lizard, Sceloporus virgatus. Journal of Herpetology 30(4): 552- 555. p. 554 - cites Jaksic and Fuentes (1980) for observation that in 12 species of Liolaemus, species that tended to use perches that reduce their visibility to predators have lower number of tail break frequencies. Smith, H. M. and E. L. Bell. 1996. Holotropis herminieri Dumeril and Bibron, 1837 (currently Leiocephalus herminieri) and Proctotretus bibronii T. Bell, 1842 (currently Liolaemus bibronii) (Reptilia, Squamata): proposed conservation of the specific names. Bulletin of Zoological Nomenclature 53(2): 112-115. - Tropidolepis bellii Gray 1831 is a senior synonym of Liolaemus bibronii Bell 1845. 59 Soriano, A., W. Volkheimer, H. Walter, E. O. Box, A. A. Marcolin, J. A. Vallerini, C. P. Movia, R. J. C. Leén, J. M. Gallardo, M. Rumboll, M. Canevari, P. Canevari, and W. G. Vasina. 1983. Deserts and semi-deserts of Patagonia. Pp. 423-460, in: N. E. West, (ed.), Ecosystems of the world 5: temperate deserts and semi-deserts. Elsevier Scientific Publications Company, Amsterdam, Holland. - Liolaemus magellanicus is a component of the Patagonian fauna. Spencer, W. B. 1888. The parietal eye of Hatteria. Nature 34: 33-35. - describes parietal eye of Liolaemus nitidis. Spencer, W. B. 1888. On the presence and structure of the pineal eye in Lacertilia. Quarterly Journal of Microscopical Science 17: 165-238. - describes parietal organ of Liolaemus nitidis and L. tenuis. Stamps, J. A. 1977. Social behavior and spacing patterns in lizards. Pp. 265-334, in: C. Gans and D. W. Tinkle (eds.), Biology of the Reptilia, Volume 7: Ecology and Behaviour A. Academic Press, New York, xvi+720 pp. p. 274 - table on spacing patterns: cites Pearson (1954) for Liolaemus multiformis. Steindachner, F. 1867. Reise der dsterreichischen Fregatte Novara um die Erde in den Jahren 1857, 1858, 1859. Zoologischer Theil. Erster Band (Wirbelthiere). 3. Reptilien. K. K. Hof- und Staatsdruckerei, Wien, 98 pp. p. 35 - Phymaturus palluma, discussion of possible synonyms; p. 36 - Liolaemus chilensis, discussion of possible synonyms and reported from Chile; p. 37 - Liolaemus (Ptychodeira) wiegmanni reported from Chile. L. (P.) tenuis reported from Chile; L. (P.) femoratus, comparison with P. stantonii and reported from Chile. Steindachner, F. 1891. Ueber einige neue und seltene Reptilien-und Amphibien-Arten. Sitzungsberichte Akademie der Wissenschaften in Wien 100(1): 291-316. p. 295 - t.d. Ctenoblepharis Stolzmanni. Stejneger, L. 1909. Batrachians and reptiles, Part II. Pp. 211-224, in: W. B. Scott (ed.), 1905-1911: reports of the Princenton University expeditions to Patagonia, 1896-1899. 3(1) ZoGlogy, Princeton University, xiii+374 pp. p. 218 - t.d. Liolaemus hatcheri. Stewart, J. R. and D. G. Blackburn. 1988. Reptilian placentation: structural diversity and terminology. Copeia 1988(4): 839-852. p. 841 - table includes citation of Lemus and Badinez (1967) for Liolaemus gravenhorti [sic] with choriovitelline placenta. Talbot, J. J. 1979. Una nueva lista sistematica de reptiles del Paraguay. Informe Cientifico del Instituto de Ciencias Basicas, Asuncion 2: 464-547. Tedesco, M. E., A. Hernando, and B. B. Alvarez. 1992. Hallazgo de Liolaemus wiegmanni (Dumeéril y Bibron 1837) (Iguania, Liolaemidae) en la provincia de Corrientes (Republica Argentina). Facena 9: 117-122. Tiedemann, F. and M. Haupl. 1980. Typenkatalog der Herpetologishen Sammlung Teil II: Reptilia. Kataloge der wissenschaftlichen Sammlung des Naturhistorischen Museums in Wien 4 (Vertebrata 2): 5-79. p. 17 - collection includes syntypes of Ctenoblepharis stolzmanni; p. 17 - collection includes holotype of Ctenoblepharys adspersa; p. 41 - collection includes syntype of Liolaemus fitzgeraldi; p. 41 - collection includes syntype of Liolaemus pulcher; p. 45 - collection includes syntype of Proctotretus pallidus. Tinkle, D. W. 1967. The life and demography of the side-blotched lizard Uta stansburiana. University of Michigan Museum of Zoology Miscelaneous Publications 132: 1-182. p. 27 - Liolaemus multiformis mentioned. Tinkle, D. W. and J. W. Gibbons. 1977. The distribution and evolution of viviparity in reptiles. University of Michigan Museum of Zoology Miscelaneous Publications 154: 1-59. p. 29 - Liolaemus multiformis mentioned; p. 39 - L. monticola mentioned. Tiranti, S. and L. J. Avila. 1994. Aportes a la herpetologia de la provincia de La Pampa. I. Lista de los taxa de presencia segura en la provincia. Boletin de la Asociacién Herpetologica Argentina 10(1): 39-41. p. 40 - list Liolaemus anomalus, L. austromendocinus, L. darwinii, L. gracilis, L. wiegmanni. Tiranti, S. J. and L. J. Avila. 1997. Reptiles of La Pampa Province, Argentina: an annotated list. Bulletin of the Maryland Herpetological Society 33(3): 97-117. Toft, C. A. 1985. Resource partitioning in amphibians and reptiles. Copeia 1985(1): 1-21. p- 6 - cites Fuentes (1976) for habitat and food of nine species of Liolaemus in Chile. Troncoso, J. F. and J. C. Ortiz. 1987. Catalogo herpetolégico del Museo Regional de Concepcién. Museo Regional de Concepcién Comunicaciones 1: 9-19. - museum numbers and localities for: p. 12 - Liolaemus atacamensis, L. bisignatus, L. copiapensis; p. 13 - 60 L. cyanogaster, L. brattstroemi, L. c. cyanogaster, L. chilensis, L. chillanensis, L. fuscus, L. lemniscatus; p. 14. L. nigromaculatus, L. nitidus, L. platei; p. 15 - L. pictus pictus, L. pictus chiloensis; p. M6 - L. pictus talcanensis, L. schroederi, L. tenuis; p. 17 - L. sp., Phymaturus palluma palluma. Trost, E. 1954. Zur Morphologie der Parietalorgane der Eidechsen. Anatomischer Anziger (Zentralbaltt fuer die Gesamte wissenschaftliche Anatomie) 100: 368-374. - parietal eye of Liolaemus chiliensis is described. Trost, E. 1956. Uber die Lage des Foramen parietale bei rezenten Reptilien und Labyrinthodontia. Acta Anatomica 26: 318-339. - parietal eye of Liolaemus chiliensis and L. pictus described. Troyer, K. 1991. Role of microbial cellulose degradation in reptile nutrition. Pp. 311-325, in: C. H. Haigler and P. J. Wimer (eds.), Biosynthesis and Biodegradation of Cellulose. Marcel Dekker, Inc., New York. - some Liolaemus sp. are primarily herbivorous and may have gut microsymbionts capable of fermenting plant fiber. Tschudi, J. J. von. 1845. Reptilium conspectus quae in Republica Peruana reperiuntur et pleraque observata vel collecta sunt in itinere a Dr. J. D. de Tschudi. Archiv fuer Naturgeschichte 11(1): 150-170. p. 157 - Liolaemus (Proctotretus) marmoratus; Liolaemus (Proctoretus) multimaculatus, - t.d. Liolaemus (Liolaemus) elegans; p. 158 - Urocentron (Phymaturus) Palluma; t.d. Ctenoblepharys;, t.d. Ctenoblepharys adspersa. Tschudi, J. J. von. 1846. Untersuchungen iiber die Fauna Peruana. Herpetologie. Scheitlin und Zollikofer, St. Gallen, 80 pp. p. 32 - Ptychodeira: includes P. signifer and P. nigromaculatus in this genus; p. 33 - Liolaemus: lists of species and synonomies proposed by other authors. Describes Liolaemus elegans from costal Peru; p. 35 - Urocentron palluma; p. 36 - describes Crenoblepharys, and C. adspersus from costal Peru. Turner, F.B. 1977. The dynamics of populations of squamates, crocodilians and rhynchocephalians. Pp. 157-264, in: C. Gans and D. W. Tinkle (eds.), Biology of the Reptilia, Volume 7: Ecology and Behaviour A. Academic Press, New York, xvi+720. p- 165 - table of lizard densities: cites Sage (1974) for Liolaemus darwinii; p. 174 - cites Sage (1974) for egg mortality in L. darwinit; p. 180 - cites Sage (1974) for adult mortality in L. darwinii, L. gracilis, and L. ruibali. Turner, F. B., P. A. Medica, R. I. Jennrich, and B. G. Maza. 1982. Frequency of broken tails among Uta stansburiana in southern Nevada and a test of the predation hypothesis. Copeia 1982(4): 835-840. p. 839 - cites Jaksic and Fuentes (1980) for frequency of tail loss in 12 species of Liolaemus. Ubeda, C. A., D. Grigera, and A. R. Reca. 1994. Estado de conservacion de la herpetofauna del Parque y Reserva Nacional Hahuel Huapi, Argentina. Cuadernos de Herpetologia 8(1): 155-163. p. 156 - lists Liolaemus bibroni, L. chiliensis, L. elongatus, L. kriegi, L. lemniscatus, L. cf. magellanicus, L. pictus, and L. rothi. Underwood, G. 1970. The eye. Pp. 1-97, in: C. Gans and T. S. Parsons (eds.), Biology of the Reptilia, Volume 2: Morphology B. Academic Press, New York, xiii+374. p. 26 - table on scleral ossicles: cites Gugg (1939) and Underwood (recent observation) for Liolaemus. Urbina, M. and O. Zufigia. 1977. Liolaemus pictus talcanensis nov. subsp. (Squamata, Iguanidae), nuevo reptile para el Archipiélago de Chiloe. Anales del Museo de Historia Natural de Valparaiso 10: 69-74. p. 70 - t.d. Liolaemus pictus talcanensis. Valencia, J. and F. M. Jaksic. 1981. Relations between activity temperature and preferred temperature of Liolaemus nitidus in central Chile (Lacertilia: Iguanidae). Studies on Neotropical Fauna and Environment 16: 165-167. - Liolaemus nitidus maintain similar body temperatures in the laboratory and the field. Valencia, J. and A. Veloso. 1981. Zoogeografia de los saurios de Chile, proposiciones para esquema ecoldgico de distribucién. Medio Ambiente (Chile) 5(1-2): 5-14. Valencia, J., A. Veloso, and M. Sallaberry. 1975. Analisis biométrico y cromosémico en poblaciones de Liolaemus nigroviridis Miller y Hellmich (Squamata, Iguanidae). Archivos de Biologia y Medicina Experimentales (Santiago) 12: 209-220. - topotypical populations of Liolaemus nigroviridis nigroviridis, L. n. minor and L. n. campanae, and from intermediate localities were compared with regard to body measurements and karyotypes. 61 Valencia, J., A. Veloso, and M. Sallaberry. 1982. Nicho tréfico de las especies de los herpetozoos del transecto Arica Chungara. Contribucién sistematica al conocimiento de la herpetofauna del extremo norte de Chile. Pp. 269- 291, in: El hombre y los ecosistemas de montafia. Oficina Regional de Ciencias y Technologia de la UNESCO para América Latina y el Caribe, (Montevideo, Uruguay). - studied diets of four species of Liolaemus all of which include substantial proportions of plant matter in their diets: L. alticolor (57.6%), L. aymararum (87.2%), L. jamesi (67.8%), and L. multiformis (68.9%). Van Devender, T.R. 1977. Observations on the Argentine iguanid lizard Leiosaurus bellii Dumeril and Bibron (Reptilia, Lacertilia, Iguanidae). Journal of Herpetology 11(2): 236-238. - studied in San Rafael area of southern Mendoza Province (600-1700 m) where it is said to occur with Ctenoblepharis rabinoi, Liolaemus austromendocinus, L. gravenhorsti, L. wiegmanni, and two L. cf. darwini. Van Sluys, M. 1997. Home range of the saxicolous lizard Tropidurus itambere (Tropiduridae) in southeastern Brazil. Copeia 1997(3): 623-628. p. 626 - cites Rocha (1992) that juvenile Liolaemus lutzae move longer distances than do the adults. Vanzolini, P. E. 1977. An annotated bibliography of the land and freshwater reptiles of South America. I. 1758-1900. Museu de Zoologia, Universidade de SaoPaulo, i-iv+186 pp. Vanzolini, P. E. 1977. An annotated bibliography of the land and freshwater reptiles of South America. II. 1901- 1975. Museu de Zoologia, Universidade de Sao Paulo, 316 pp. Vanzolini, P. E. 1981. Reptilia. Pp. 246-261, in: S. H. Hurlbert, G. Rodriguez, and N. D. dos Santos (eds.), Aquatic biota of tropical South America, Part 2. Anarthropoda. San Diego State University, xi+298 pp. - lists taxonomic changes and new taxa described of Crenoblepharys, Liolaemus, Pelusaurus, and Phymaturus since publication of Peters and Donoso-Barros (1970). Vanzolini, P. E. 1986. Addenda and corrigenda to the Catalogue of Neotropical Squamata. Smithsonian Herpetological Information Service 70: 1-25. Vanzolini, P. E. and A. N. Ab’Saber. 1968. Divergence rate in South American lizards of the genus Liolaemus (Sauria, Iguanidae). Papéis Avulsos de Zoologia (Sao Paulo) 21: 205-208. - Liolaemus lutzae and L. occipitalis are allopatric, closely related species, both restricted to sand dunes and sand bar environments. May have been isolated between 3700 and 2500 years b.p. L. lutzae occurs from Marambaia Restinga (23° 05’ S; 44° 00’ W) eastward to Cabo Frio (22° 53’ S; 42° 00' W). Vaz Ferreira, R. and B. Sierra de Soriano. 1960. Notas sobre reptiles del Uruguay. Revista Facultad de Humanidades y Ciencias, Universidad de la Republica (Montevideo) 18: 1-55. Vaz Ferreira, R., L. Zolessi, and F. Achaval. 1970. Oviposici6n y desarrollo de ofidio y lacertilios en hormigueros de Acromyrmex. Physis (Buenos Aires) 29(79): 431-459. Vega, L.E. 1991. Seleccién de habitat en saurios de los médanos costeros bonaerenses. Boletin de la Asociacion Herpetolégica Argentina 7(2): 7-8. Vega, L.E. 1994. Actividad estacional y segregacidn espacial en una communidad de saurios de Mar del Sur (Prov. Buenos Aires). Boletin de la Asociacion Herpetologica Argentina 10(1): 4-5. - comments on Liolaemus gracilis and L. multimaculatus. Vega, L.E. 1997. Reproductive activity and sexual dimorphism of Liolaemus multimaculatus (Sauria: Tropiduridae). Herpetological Journal 7(2): 49-53. - studied coastal sand dune population in Buenos Aires Province. Females may produce more than one clutch per year. Mean clutch size was 4.2 eggs (range = 3-7). Males were larger than females in several morphological traits. Vega, L.E. 1997. Ecologia tréfica de Liolaemus multimaculatus (Sauria: Tropiduridae). Bollettino Museo Regionale di Scienze Naturali, Torino [1999; in press]. - principal diet components (n = 80) were Coleoptera, Diptera: Nematocera and Brachycera, and Araneae. Males ate more Nematocera, whereas females and juveniles preyed mainly upon Coleoptera. Vega, L.E. and P. J. Bellagamba. 1990. Lista comentada de la herpetofauna de las Sierras de Balcarce y Mar del Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina. Cuadernos de Herpetologia 5(1): 10-14. Vega, L. E. and P. Bellagamba. 1992. Nuevas localidades para Liolaemus multimaculatus (Dumeril & Bibron, 1837), Liolaemus gracilis (Bell, 1843) y Liolaemus wiegmanni (Dumeril & Bibron, 1837) (Sauria: Tropiduridae) en la Provincia de Buenos Aires. Boletin de la Asociacién Herpetolégica 8(1): 4. Vega, L. E. and P. J. Bellagamba. 1994. Reptiles de la Reserva de Usos Multiples Caleta de los Loros, Rio Negro, Argentina. Cuadernos de Herpetologia 8(1): 141-145. 62 p. 142 - list Liolaemus boulengeri, L. darwinii, L. gracilis, L. multimaculatus multimaculatus, and L. multimaculatus melanops. Veloso, A. and J. Navarro. 1988. Lista systematica y distribucién geografica de anfibios y reptiles de ¢ Chile. Bollettino Museo Regionale di Scienze Naturali, Torino 6(2): 481-539. - provide synonomy list, type description, and distribution in Chile for species of: Ceiolaemus, Centrura, Ctenoblepharis, Liolaemus, Phrynosaura, and Velosaura. Veloso, A., M. Sallaberry, J. Navarro, P. Iturra, J. Valencia, M. Penna, and N. Diaz. 1982. Contribucién sistematica al conocimiento de la herpetofauna del extremo norte de Chile. Pp. 135-268, in: El hombre y los ecosistemas de montana. Oficina Regional de Ciencias y Technologia de la UNESCO para América Latina y el Caribe (Montevideo, Uruguay). p. 212 - Liolaemus donosoi: descriptions, variation, karyotypes; p. 216 - L. alticolor: descriptions, variation, karyotypes; p. 220 - L. multiformis: descriptions, variation, karyotypes; p. 225 - L. jamesi: descriptions, variation, karyotypes; p. 230 - t.d. Liolaemus aymararum: descriptions, variation, karyotypes. Verrastro, L. 1991. Aspectos ecolégicos e biolégicos de uma populagao de Liolaemus occipitalis Boul. 1885, nas dunas costeiras de paraia Jardin Atlantico, Tramandai, RS. (Reptilia-Iguanidae). Unpublished Doctoral Dissertation, Mestrado, Universidade Federal. Rio Grande Do Sul, Brazil, 154 pp. Verrastro, L. and C. S. Bujes. 1998. Ritmo de actividade de Liolaemus occipitalis Boulenger (Sauria, Tropiduridae) na Praia de Quintao, Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil. Revista Brasileira de Zoologia 15(4): 913-920. Verrastro, L. and L. Krause. 1994. Analysis of growth in a population of Liolaemus occipitalis Boul. 1885, from the coastal sand-dunes of Tramandai, RS, Brazil (Reptilia, Tropiduridae). Studies on Neotropical Fauna and Environment 29(2): 99-111. Verrastro, L. and L. Krause. 1999. Ciclo reproductivo de machos de Liolaemus occipitalis Boulenger (Sauria, Tropiduridae). Revista Brasileira o de Zoologia 16(1): 227-231. Viana, M. L. de, C. Jovanovich, and P. Valdes. 1994. Densidad, proporcién de sexos y utilizacién del espacio Liolaemus darwinii (Sauria: Iguanidae) en el Valle de Tin Tin, Argentina. Revista Biologia Tropical 42(1/2): 281-287. Viana, M. L. de, C. Jovanovich, and P. Valdes. 1994. Habitos alimentarios de Liolaemus darwinii (Saumia: Iguanidae), en el Valle de Tin Tin, Argentina. Revista Biologia Tropical 42(1/2): 379-381. Videla, F. 1982. Observaciones etolégicas preliminares sobre Phymaturus palluma (Reptilia, Iguanidae) del roquedal precordillerano mendocino. Boletin del Museo de Ciencias Naturales y Antropolégicas, “Juan Cornelio Moyano” (Mendoza, Argentina) 3: 57-62. Videla, F. 1983. Habitos alimentarios en iguanidos del oeste arido de la Argentina. Deserta (Mendoza) 7: 192-202. - studied diets of Liolaemus bibroni, L. darwini, L. elongatus, L. fitzingeri cuyanus, L. ruibali, and Phymaturus palluma in Mendoza. Videla, F. and J. M. Cei. 1996. A new peculiar Liolaemus species of the “chiliensis” phyletic group from the volcanic Cordilleran landscapes of southern Mendoza Province, Argentina (Iguania, Lacertilia, Reptilia). Bolletino Museo Regionale di Scienze Naturali, Torino 14(2): 505-516. p. 506 - t.d. Liolaemus thermarum; elevate L. bellii neuquensis to full species. Videla, F. and J. M. Cei. 1998. Espéces de Liolaemus sans pores précloacaux chez les males, le long des Andes meéridionales (Reptilia: Squamata: Iguania: Tropiduridae). Revue Francais de Aquariologie 25: 1-2: 63-68. - suggests possible close relationships among species that lack precloacal pores: Liolaemus coeruleus, L. cristiani, L. lineomaculatus, L. nequensis, L. periglacialis, and L. thermarum. Videla, F., J. Escolaro, and S. Piug. 1987. Andlisis tréfico de los Iguanidos pertenecientes a la cuna patagonica mendocina (La Payunia, Mendoza). Boletin de la Asociacién Herpetolégica Argentina 3(3): 7. Videla, F. and S. Puig. 1985. Estudios ecolégicos de la comunidad de lagartos en un ambiente del “Monte” mendocino. Boletin de la Asociacién Herpetolégica Argentina 1(1-3): 2-3. Videla, F. and S. Puig. 1994. Estructura de una comunidad de lagartos del monte. Patrones de uso espacial y temporal. Multequina 3: 99-112. - the herpetofauna of Nacufian (Mendoza, Argentina) includes Liolaemus darwini and L. gracilis; includes notes on activity and habitat selection. Vreibradic, D. and C. F. D. Rocha. 1996. Ecological differences in tropical sympatric skinks (Mabuya macrorhyncha and Mabuya agilis) in southeastern Brazil. Journal of Herpetology 30(1): 60-67. p. 61 - lists other lizards that occur with Liolaemus lutzae at the Barra de Marica; p. 66 - cites Jaksic et al. 63 (1980) that in sympatric species of Liolaemus ecological traits have evolved faster than morphological characters. Wacyk, J., S. Guerrero, and A. Morello. 1984. Inhibitory effect of acetylcholine on muscular tonus of the small intestine of a lizard. Journal of Experimental Zoology 230(2): 297-301. - Liolaemus gravenhorsti studied. Wacyk, J., S. Guerrero, A. Morello, and E. Vasquez. 1989. Some characteristics of the inhibitory mechanism of lizard small intestine muscular tonus. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology 94C(2): 441-446. - Liolaemus gravenhorsti and L. tenuis examined. Wacyk, J., Y. Paz de la Vega, D. Lemus, A. Morello, and A. N. Tchernitchin. 1980. Characterization of acetylcholine receptors and acetylcholinesterase activity in lizard digestive tract. International Research Communications System (IRCS) Medical Science 8(10): 695. - Liolaemus tenuis studied. Wacyk, J., Y. Paz de la Vega, D. Lemus, and A. Tchernitchin. 1980. The structure of reptile esophagus and small intestine: histological characteristics of the muscularis externa of esophagus and the inner small intestine layer in the lizard. International Research Communications System (IRCS) Medical Science 8(5): 316-317. - Liolaemus tenuis studied. Wacyk, J., Y. Paz de la Vega, A. Tchernitchin, and D. Lemus. 1978. Differing sensitivities to acetylcholine of various segments of the lizard digestive tract. International Research Communications System (IRCS) Medical Science 6(6): 247. - Liolaemus tenuis studied. Webb, R. G. and J. K. Greer. 1969. Amphibians and reptiles of Malleco Province, Chile. Publications of the Museum, Michigan State University Biology Series 4(6): 193-226. - region includes: Liolaemus altissimus, L. altissimus araucaniensis, L. chiliensis, L. cyanogaster, L. lemniscatus, L. monticola chillanensis, L. pictus pictus (including photos), and L. tenuis tenuis. Werner, F. 1896. Beitrage zur Kenntniss der Reptilien und Batrachier von Centralamerika und Chile, sowie einiger seltener Schlangenarten. Verhandlungen Zoologisch-Botanische Gesellschaft in Wien 46: 344-365. p. 358 - Liolaemus pictus from Chile. Werner, F. 1898. Die Reptilien und Batrachier der Sammlung Plate. Zoologischen Jahrbiichern Supplement 4(1897): 244-278. p. 249 - Liolaemus lemniscatus listed; p. 250 - t.d. Liolaemus erythrogaster; p. 251 - L. cyanogaster and L. nigromaculatus listed; p. 254 - L. pictus and L. tenuis listed; p. 255 - t.d. Liolaemus platet. Werner, F. 1904. Ergebnisse der Hamburger Magalhaensischen Sammelreise. I. Band. Allgemeines, Chordonier, Echinodermen und Coelenteraten. IV. Reptilien und Batrachier. L. Friedrichsen and Co., Hamburg, 21 pp. p. 5 - Liolaemus nitidus; p. 6 - L. chilensis, L. gravenhorsti, and L. lemniscatus; p. 7 - L. cyanogaster and L. Bibroni; p. 8 - t.d. Liolaemus lativittatus; p. 9 - L. nigromaculatus, L. pictus, and L. tenuis; p. 12 - t.d. Liolaemus (Saccodeira) proximus. Werner, F. 1907. In: O. Biirger (ed.), Estudios sobre reptiles chilenos. Anales Universidad de Chile 121(2): 147-155. p. 150 - t.d. Phrynosaura; t.d. Phrynosaura reichei; p. 151 - t.d. Liolaemus buergeri, includes description of parietal organ of Phymaturus palluma. Werner, F. 1909. Neue oder seltenere Reptilien des Musée Royal d’ Histoire Naturelle de Belgique in Briissel. Zoologischen Jahrbiichern (Syst.) 28(3): 263-288. p. 286 - t.d. Liolaemus micropholis. Werner, F. 1910. Uber neue oder seltene Reptilien des Naturhistorischen Museums im Hamburg II. Eidechsen. Mitteilungen Naturhistorischen Museum in Hamburg 27: 1-46. p. 24 - Ctenoblepharis jamesi from Taltal, Chile; p. 26 - t.d. Saccodeira arenaria. Westig, J. 1992. Zur Pflege von Chile - Erdleguanen. Deutsche Aquarien und Terrarien Zeitschrift 45(11): 702-704. Wiegmann, A. F. A. 1834. Beitrage zur Zoologie gesammelt auf einer Reise um die Erde, von Dr. F. J. F. Meyen. Siebente Abhandlung. Amphibien. Nova Acta Academiae Caesarae Leopoldina Carolinae Germainicae Naturae Curisorum 17(1): 184-268d. p. 206 - t.d. Tropidurus nitidus nomen nudum; p. 229 - t.d. Tropidurus nigromaculatus;, p. 232 - t.d. Tropidurus oxycephalus; p. 222 - refers to Tropidurus and Liolaemus as subgenera; p. 233 - T. chilensis listed, p. 234 - t.d. Tropidurus nitidus. 64 Wiegmann, A. F. A. 1834. Nachtragliche Bemerkungen zur Beschreibung der Amphibien in Meyen’s Beitrage zur Zoologie. Nova Acta Academiae Caesarae Leopoldina Carolinae Germainicae Naturae Curisorum 17(1): 268a- 268d. p. 268b - t.d. Tropidurus chiliensis var. Bolivianus. Wiegmann, A. F. A. 1834. Herpetologica Mexicana seu descriptio amphibiorum Novae Hispaniae quae itineribus comitis de Sack, Ferdinandi Deppe et Chr. Guil. Schiede in Museum Zoologicum Berolinense pervenerunt. Pars prima, Saurorum species amplectens, adiecto Systematis Saurorum Prodromo, additisque multis in hunc amphibiorum ordinem observationibus. C. G. Liideritz, Berlin, vit+54 pp. p. 18 - Liolaemus proposed as new genus for Tropidurus chiliensis, T. nigromaculatus, T. nitidus, T. oxycephalus, and T. undulatus. Wiegmann, A. F. A. 1835. Bericht iiber die Fortschritte der Zoologie in Jahre 1834. Amphibien. Archive fir Naturgeschit 1(2): 273-296. p. 290 - lists Tropidurus nigromaculatus, T. oxyxcephalus, T. chilensis (Calotes chilensis Less.?), T. olivaceus (T. chilensis antea), and T. nitidus. Williams, J. D. (ed.). 1985. Fauna Argentina 91: lagartijas y otros saurios I. Centro Editor de América Latina S.A. Junin 981, Buenos Aires, 33 pp. - color photos of several Liolaemus, but none are identified in the text. Williams, J. D. and J. M. Cei. 1983. Redescubrimiento de los sintipos de Liolaemus anomalus Koslowsky, 1896: comentarios sobre la distribucién de la especie. Boletin de la Asociacién Herpetolégica Argentina 1: 7-8. Willson, M. F., C. Sabag, J. Figueroa, J. J. Armesto, and M. Caviedes. 1996. Seed dispersal by lizards in Chilean rainforest. Revista Chilena de Historia Natural 69(3): 339-342. - Liolaemus pictus eats and disperses seeds of fruits from several species of plants. Yafiez, J. and H. Nunez. 1982. Segundo registro de Liolaemus schmidti (Marx, 1960). (Lacertilia: Iguanidae). Noticiario Mensual del Museo Nacional de Historia Natural (Chile) 26(303-304): 12. Yanez, J. L. and H. Niiiez. 1983. Liolaemus fabiani, a new species of lizard from northern Chile (Reptilia: Iguanidae). Copeia 1983(3): 788-790. p. 788 - t.d. Liolaemus fabiani. Yapur, L. B. and L. S. Gutierrez. 1978-79. Ciclo espermatogenético anual del lagarto Liolaemus darwini (Bell). Revista Sociedad Argentina de Biologia 54-55: 82-89. Yaron, Z. 1985. Reptilian placentation and gestation: structure, function, and endocrine control. Pp. 527-603, in: C. Gans and F. Billet (eds.), Biology of the Reptilia, Volume 15: Development B. John Wiley and Sons, New York, x+729. p. 532 - table on placentation: cites Lemus and Badinez (1967) for Liolaemus gravenhorsti; p. 550 — allantoplacenta occurs in L. gravenhorsti; p. 590 - cites Lemus et al. (1970) for spontaneous contraction of oviduct in L. tenuis and L. gravenhorsti; p. 591 - cites Zurich et al. (1971), Lemus (1973), and Paz de la Vega- Lemus et al. (1971) for adrenergic receptors in L. tenuis and L. gravenhorsti. Young-Downey, A. and J. Moreno. 1991. A new species of tropidurine lizard (Squamata: Tropiduridae) from Los Andes of northern Chile. Guyana, Zoologia 55(4): 391-396. [1992] p. 392 - t.d. Liolaemus juanortizi. Zavattieri, M. V., E. di Tada, and J. A. Cocilovo. 1992. Analisis biogeografico de la saurofauna del centro sur de Argentina. Physis (Buenos Aires) Sec. C, 50: 81-94. [1995] p- 83 - Liolaemus is a component of the fauna. Zug, G.R. 1993. Herpetology: an introductory biology of amphibians and reptiles. Academic Press, San Diego, XV+527 pp. p- 128 - Leiolaemus [sic] exhibits the full spectrum from insectivory to pure herbivory; p. 418 - some Liolaemus tend toward herbivory. All tropidurines are oviparous. Zurich, L., Y. Paz de la Vega-Lemus, and D. Lemus. 1971. Presence of adrenergic receptors in the uterus of two species of lizards, Liolaemus gravenhorsti and Liolaemus tenuis tenuis. Biology of Reproduction 5(2): 123-126. QL ¢ . . TYPE DESCRIPTIONS AND TYPE PUBLICATIONS ae z > OF rer | HOBART M. SMITH, 1933 THROUGH JUNE 1999 meet 4s ®, a la Fi a, A Bs LA 'p Ernest A. Liner Houma, Louisiana EAT HSON Ay ~ MAK 1 2 2003 a U SMITHSONIAN HERPETOLOGICAL INFORMATION SERVICE NO. 127 2000 SMITHSONIAN HERPETOLOGICAL INFORMATION SERVICE The SHIS series publishes and distributes translations, bibliographies, indices, and similar items judged useful to individuals interested in the biology of amphibians and reptiles, but unlikely to be published in the normal technical journals. Single copies are distributed free to interested individuals. Libraries, herpetological associations, and research laboratories are invited to exchange their publications with the Division of Amphibians and Reptiles. We wish to encourage individuals to share their bibliographies, translations, etc. with other herpetologists through the SHIS series. If you have such items please contact George Zug for instructions on preparation and submission. Contributors receive 50 free copies. Please address all requests for copies and inquiries to George Zug, Division of Amphibians and Reptiles, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington DC 20560 USA. Please include a self-addressed mailing label with requests. INTRODUCTION Hobart M. Smith is one of herpetology’s most prolific authors. As of 30 June 1999, he authored or co-authored 1367 publications covering a range of scholarly and popular papers dealing with such diverse subjects as taxonomy, life history, geographical distribution, checklists, nomenclatural problems, bibliographies, herpetological coins, anatomy, comparative anatomy textbooks, pet books, book reviews, abstracts, encyclopedia entries, prefaces and forwords as well as updating volumes being reprinted. The checklists of the herpetofauna of Mexico authored with Dr. Edward H. Taylor are legendary as is the SYNOPSIS OF THE HERPETOFAUNA OF MEXICO coauthored with his late wife, Rozella B. Smith. As of 30 June 1999, he has authored or co-authored the description of 294 new taxa of amphibians and reptiles. His first description of a new species appeared in 1933 with the description of Anolis megapholidotus (Smith, 1933), still valid. Chiszar and R. Smith (1982) published a list of his publications for 1931-1980, a period of fifty years. That bibliography included only a list of all new taxa described by Smith and the publication in which the descriptions appeared. It was an enormous help in assembling the present list. The present list includes the authors and year the names appeared, as well as the present nomenclatural status of the taxon. The Chiszar and R. Smith (1982) list gives Bolitoglossa cephalica rubrimembris incorrectly as B. c. rubriventris (p. 73). Acris gryllus paludicola, Sceloporus adleri, and Sceloporus ochoternae were inadvertently excluded, and Conophis lineatus similis Bocourt, 1886 incorrect included. The name Crotalus gloydi lautus first appeared in Smith and Laufe (1945) as anomen nudum. It was formally described in Smith (1946). Sixty-six individuals have coauthored taxonomic descriptions with H. M. Smith, many more than once. John Gillespie coauthored the description of Tretanorhinus nigroleteus mertensi but not the paper. The coauthors of new taxa follow alphabetically: Ronald Altig, Ticul Alvarez, Miguel Alvarez del Toro, John S. Applegarth, Rudolph G. Arndt, David L. Auth, Edwin L. Bell, Ronald A. Brandon, Edmund D. Brodie, Jr., Bryce C. Brown, Carlos B. Bumzahem, W. Leslie Burger, F. William Burley, David Chiszar, Pete S. Chrapliwy, Donald M. Darling, Marlene M. Dasman, William B. Davis, I. Lester Firschein, Thomas H. Fritts, John Gillespie, Bryan P. Glass, Chapman Grant, Louis J. Guillette, Jr., William P. Hall, Richard L. Holland, John B. Iverson, Jordi Julia- Zertuche, Harold W. Kerster, Enrique La Marca, David A. Langebartel, Macreay J. Landy, Kenneth R. Larsen, Leonard E. Laufe, Julio A. Lemos-Espinal, John D. Lynch, Robert L. Martin, Robert H. McCauley, Fernando Mendoza Quijano, Tracy J. Miller, Sherman A. Minton, Edward O. Moll, G. William Nixon, Jonathan C. Oldham, Dennis R. Paulson, Gonzalo Pérez-Higareda, Ivo Poglayen, Floyd E. Potter, Jr., Aurelio Ramirez Bautista, Louis W. Ramsey, Ottys Sanders, Alan H. Savitzky, Karl P. Schmidt, Frederick A. Shannon, Wade F. Sherbrooke, James A. Slater, Philip W. Smith, Rozella B. Smith, Robert A. Spieler, James R. Staley, I, Tom A. Sawin, Wilmer W. Tanner, Kamuran Tepedelen, Edward H. Taylor, Frank Van Breukelen, Richard G. Van Gelder, Gregory Watkins-Colwell, John E. Werler and Kenneth L. Williams. In addition to many coauthors, he has published his descriptions in many scientific journals, i.e., 31 journals and three books. They are: American Museum Novitates; Anales del Instituto de Biologia México; Breviora; Bulletin of the Maryland Herpetological Society; Bulletin of the United States National Museum; Copeia; Field and Laboratory; Field Museum of Natural History, Zoological Series; Great Basin Naturalist; Herpetologica; Journal of Herpetology; Journal of the Linnaean Society of London; Journal of the Ohio Herpetological Society; Journal of the Tennessee Academy of Sciences; Journal of the Washington Academy of Sciences; Natural History Miscellanea; Occasional Papers Museum of Zoology University of Michigan; Papeis Avulsos Departamento Zoologia de Sao Paulo (Brasil); Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington Proceedings of the New England Zoological Club; Proceeding of the Rochester Academy of Sciences; Proceedings of the United States National Museum; Smithsoniam Miscellaneous Collections; The Southwestern Naturalist; The Texas Journal of Science; The University of Kansas Science Bulletin; The Wasmann Journal of Biology; Transactions of the Illinois Academy of Sciences; Transactions of the Kansas Academy of Sciences; Ward's Natural Science Bulletin; Zoologica. The books are Smith and Smith (1972), Smith and Brodie, 1982, and Smith and Chiszar (1996). This list covers from 1933 thru 30 June 1999, a period of 66 years. Obviously many taxonomic changes have occurred. The following table summarizes the valid and invalid names. Number Valid Invalid Caudata 11 6 5 Anura 23 16 7 Testudines 2 2 0 Amphisbaenia 1 0 1 Lizards 127 109 18 Serpentes 130 80 50 Totals 294 PA Be. 81 Of the 294 names proposed one was family, still valid, 12 were genera, seven still valid, leaving 281 species/subspecies names proposed with 213 still valid. Approximately two-thirds of the named taxa of species and subspecies remain valid and over half of the genera. Some present day workers are critical of Smith’s numerous description. In retrospect, it could have been more considering the area worked and the lack of present biochemical and molecular techniques. Much of the work was done by the "eyeball" method and his intimate knowledge of the taxa in life and their natural habitats. Although many of his taxa have been synonomized, new analyses have resurrected some of his taxa. I, for one, appreciate the pioneering work of Hobart M. Smith and his collaborators. His and Taylor's pioneering summaries of the Méxican herpetofauna were instrumental in guiding my research there. His research output has been an incredible feat and there is more to come. Well done, Hobart! You can be proud of your accomplishments. CAUDATA Ambystomatidae Ambystoma lacustns Taylor & Smith, 1945a. =Ambystoma velasci Dugés, 1891. Rhyacosiredon zempoalaensis Taylor & Smith, 1945a. =Ambystoma zempoalaensis (Taylor & Smith, 1945a). Plethodontidae Bolitoglossa bilineata Lynch & Smith, 1966a. =Bolitoglossa occidentalis Taylor, 1941. Bolitoglossa cephalica rubrimembnis Taylor & Smith, 1945a. =Pseudoeurycea cephalica rubimembnis Taylor & Smith, 1945a. Bolitoglossa moreleti Smith, 1945b. =Bolitoglossa mexicana Duménil, Bibron & Duméril, 1854. Eurycea latitans Smith & Potter, 1946. =Eurycea latitans Smith & Potter, 1946. Eurycea pterophila Burger, Smith & Potter, 1950. =Eurycea pterophila Burger, Smith & Potter, 1950. Magnadigita brevipes Bumzahem & Smith, 1955. =Bolitoglossa franklini nigroflavescens Taylor, 1941. Palmatotnton Smith, 1945a. (nomen vanum) =Bolitoglossa Duménl, Bibron & Duménl, 1854. Pseudoeurycea brunnata Bumzahem & Smith, 1955. =Pseudoeurycea brunnata Bumzahem & Smith, 1955. Pseudoeurycea werlen Darling & Smith, 1954. =Pseudoeurycea werlen Darling & Smith, 1954. ANURA Bufonidae Bufo angustipes Taylor & Smith, 1945a. =Bufo marinus (Linnaeus, 1758). Bufo cycladen Lynch & Smith, 1966b. =Bufo cycladen Lynch & Smith, 1966. Bufo debilis retiformis Sanders & Smith, 1951. =Bufo retiformis Sanders & Smith, 1951. Bufo valliceps macrocristatus Firschein & Smith, 1957. =Bufo macrocnistatus Firschein & Smith, 1957. Hylidae Acris gryllus paludicola Burger, Smith & Smith, 1949. =Acris crepitans paludicola Burger, Smith & Smith, 1949. Acrodytes modesta Taylor & Smith, 1945a. =Phrynohyas venulosa (Laurent, 1768). Anotheca Smith, 1939d. =Anotheca Smith, 1939d. Hyla darlingi Smith, Smith & Werler, 1952. =Hyla miotympanum Cope, 1863. Hyla duellmani Lynch & Smith, 1966a. =Hyla chaneque Duellman, 1961. Hyla microcephala martini Smith, 1952. =Hyla microcephala underwoodi Boulenger, 1899. Hyla microcephala sartori Smith, 1952. =Hyla sarton Smith, 1952. Hyla phaeota cyanosticta Smith, 1953. =Smilisca cyanosticta (Smith, 1953). Hyla valancifer Firschein & Smith, 1956. =Hyla valancifer Firschein & Smith, 1956. Hyla versicolor sandersi Smith & Brown, 1949. =Hyla versicolor LeConte, 1825. Plectrohyla lacertosa Bumzahem & Smith, 1954a. =Plectrohyla lacertosa Bumzahem & Smith, 1954a. Pternohyla dentata Smith, 1957. =Pternohyla dentata Smith, 1957. Leptodactylidae Eleutherodactylus avocalis Taylor & Smith, 1945a. =Eleutherodactylus rugulosus (Cope, 1869 [1870]). Eleutherodactylus colostichos LaMarca & Smith, 1982. =Eleutherodactylus colostichos LaMarca & Smith, 1982. Eleutherodactylus conspicuus Smith & Taylor, 1945. =Eleitherodactylus alfredi conspicuus Smith & Taylor, 1945. Eleutherodactylus spatulatus Smith, 1939d, =Eleutherodactylus spatulatus Smith, 1939d. Syrrhophus rubrimacula Taylor & Smith, 1945a. =Eleutherodactylus rubrimaculatus (Taylor & Smith, 1945a). Ranidae Rana maculata krukoffi Smith, 1959. =Rana maculata krukoffi Smith, 1959. Rana taylon Smith, 1959. =Rana taylon Smith, 1959. TESTUDINES Emydidae Terrapene ornata luteola Smith & Ramsey, 1952. =Terrapene ornata luteola Smith & Ramsey, 1952. Kinosternidae Sternotherus peltifer Smith & Glass, 1947. =Sternotherus minor peltifer (Smith & Glass, 1947). SQUAMATA Anguidae Abronia chiszari Smith & Smith, 1981. =Abronia chiszari, Smith & Smith, 1981. Abronia lythrochila Smith & Alvarez del Toro, 1963. =Abronia lythrochila Smith & Alvarez del Toro, 1963. Banisia imbricata jonesi Guillette & Smith, 1982. =Banisia imbricata jonesi Guillette & Smith, 1982. Celestus atitlanensis Smith, in Smith & Taylor, 1950. =Diploglossus atitlanensis (Smith, in Smith & Taylor, 1950). Celestus rozellae Smith, 1942¢. =Diploglossus rozellae (Smith, 1942g). Gerrhonotus levicollis ciliaris Smith, 1942¢. =Banisia imbricata ciliaris (Smith, 1942s). Bipedidae Bipes alvarezi Smith & Smith, 1977. =Bipes canaliculatus Bonnaterre, 1789. Crotaphytidae Crotaphytidae Smith & Brodie, 1982. =Crotaphytidae Smith & Brodie, 1982. Gekkonidae Phyllodactylus homolepidurus Smith, 1935a. =Phyllodactylus homolepidurus homolepidurus Smith, 1935a. Phyllodactylus lanei Smith, 1935a. =Phyllodactylus lanei lanei Smith, 1935a. Phyllodactylus wirshingi Kerster & Smith, 1955. =Phyllodactylus wirshingi Kerster & Smith, 1955. Vanzoia Smith, Martin & Swain, 1977. =Lygodactylus Gray, 1864. Vanzoia klugei Smith, Martin & Swain, 1977. =Lygodactylus klugei (Smith, Martin & Swain, 1977). Vanzoia wetzeli Smith, Martin & Swain, 1977. =Lygodactylus wetzeli (Smith, Martin & Swain, 1977. Iguanidae Ctenosaura hemilopha macrolopha Smith, 1972a. =Ctenosaura hemilopha macrolopha Smith, 1972a. Ctenosaura hemilopha nolascensis Smith, 1972a. =Ctenosaura hemilopha nolascensis Smith, 1972a. Phrynosomatidae Holbrookia bunken Smith, 1935c. =Holbrookia maculata bunkeri Smith, 1935c. Holbrookia maculata ruthveni Smith, 1943a. =Holbrookia maculata ruthveni Smith, 1943a. Phrynosoma douglassii brachycercum Smith, 1942g. =Phrynosoma hernandezi brachycercum Smith, 1942g. Sceloporus adleri Smith & Savitzky, 1974. =Sceloporus adleri Smith & Savitzky, 1974. Sceloporus aeneus bicanthalis Smith, 1937a. =Sceloporus bicanthalis Smith, 1937a. Sceloporus aeneus subniger Poglayen & Smith, 1958. =Sceloporus aeneus subniger Poglayen & Smith, 1958. Sceloporus carinatus Smith, 1936c. =Sceloporus carinatus Smith, 1936c. Sceloporus cautus Smith, 1938b. =Sceloporus cautus Smith, 1938b. Sceloporus cochranae Smith, 1936c. =Sceloporus siniferus cupreus Bocourt, 1873. Sceloporus cryptus Smith & Lynch, 1967. =Sceloporus cryptus Smith & Lynch, 1967. Sceloporus edwardtaylori Smith, 1936d. =Sceloporus edwardtaylon Smith, 1936d. Sceloporus formosus scitulus Smith, 1942g. =Sceloporus formosus scitulus Smith, 1942g. Sceloporus goldmani Smith, 1937d. =Sceloporus goldmani Smith, 1937d. Sceloporus horridus albiventris Smith, 1939b. =Sceloporus horridus albiventris Smith, 1939b. Sceloporus hunsakeri Hall & Smith, 1979. =Sceloporus hunsakeri Hall & Smith, 1979. Sceloporus jarrovi immucronatus Smith, 1937a. =Sceloporus jarrovi immucronatus Smith, 1937a. Sceloporus jarrovi oberon Smith & Brown, 1941. =Sceloporus jarrovi oberon Smith & Brown, 1941. Sceloporus jarrovi sugillatus Smith, 1942g. =Sceloponus jarrovi sugillatus Smith, 1942g. Sceloporus lineolateralis Smith, 1936c. =Sceloporus jarrovi lineolateralis Smith, 1936c. Sceloporus lundelli gaigeae Smith, 1939c. =Sceloporus lundelli gaigeae Smith, 1939c. Sceloporus lundelli lundelli Smith, 1939c. =Sceloporus lundelli lundelli Smith, 1939c. Sceloporus macdougalli Smith & Bumzahem, 1953. =Sceloporus macdougalli Smith & Bumzahem, 1953. Sceloporus maculosus Smith, 1935a. =Sceloporus maculosus Smith, 1935a. Sceloporus malachiticus internasalis Smith & Bumzahem, 1955. =Sceloporus internasalis Smith & Bumzahem, 1955. Sceloporus megalepidurus Smith, 1935a. =Sceloporus megalepidurus megalepidurus Smith, 1935a. Sceloporus megalepidurus halli Dasman & Smith, 1974. =Sceloporus halli Dasman & Smith, 1974. Sceloporus melanorhinus calligaster Smith, 1942¢. =Sceloporus melanorhinus calligaster Smith, 1942g. Sceloporus melanorhinus stuarti Smith, 1948. =Sceloporus melanorhinus stuarti Smith, 1948. Sceloporus merriami annulatus Smith, 1937b. =Sceloporus merriami annulatus Smith, 1937b. Sceloporus merniami australis Williams, Smith & Chrapliwy, 1960. =Sceloporus mermiami australis Williams, Smith & Chrapliwy, 1960. Sceloporus mucronatus aureolus Smith, 1942¢. =Sceloporus mucronatus aureolus Smith, 1942¢. Sceloporus ochoterenae Smith, 1934. =Sceloporus ochoterenae Smith, 1934. Sceloporus olivaceus Smith, 1934. =Sceloporus olivaceus Smith, 1934. Sceloporus ornatus caeruleus Smith, 1937a. =Sceloporus ornatus caeruleus Smith, 1937a. Sceloporus parvus Smith, 1934. =Sceloporus paervus parvus Smith, 1934. Sceloporus parvus scutulatus Smith, 1937c. =Sceloporus parvus scutulatus Smith, 1937c. Sceloporus pictus Smith, 1936e. =Sceloporus pictus Smith, 1936e. Sceloporus poinsettii macrolepis Smith & Chrapliwy, 1958. =Sceloporus poinsetti1 macrolepis Smith & Chrapliwy, 1958. Sceloporus poinsettii polylepis Smith & Chrapliwy, 1958. =Sceloporus poinsetti1 polylepis Smith & Chrapliwy, 1958. Sceloporus prezygus Smith, 1942¢. =Sceloporus sernifer prezygus Smith, 1942¢. Sceloporus scalaris brownorum Smith, Watkins-Colwell, Lemos-Espinal & Chiszar, 1997. =Sceloporus scalaris brownorum Smith, Watkins-Colwell, Lemos-Espinal & Chiszar, 1997. Sceloporus scalaris samcolemani Smith & Hall, 1974. =Sceloporus samcolemani Smith & Hall, 1974. Sceloporus scalaris slevini Smith, 1937d. =Sceloporus slevini Smith, 1937d. Sceloporus scalaris unicanthalis Smith, 1937d. =Sceloporus scalaris unicanthalis Smith, 1937d. Sceloporus serrifer plioporus Smith, 1939c. =Sceloporus serrifer plioporus Smith, 1939c. Sceloporus spinosus apicalis Smith & Smith, 1951. =Sceloporus horridus apicalis Smith & Smith, 1951. Sceloporus spinosus caeruleopunctatus Smith, 1938a. =Sceloporus spinosus caeruleopunctatus Smith, 1938a. Sceloporus stejnegen Smith, 1942g. =Sceloporus stejnegeri Smith, 1942g. Sceloporus subpictus Lynch & Smith, 1965b. =Sceloporus subpictus Lynch & Smith, 1965b. Sceloporus tanneri Smith & Larsen, 1975. =Sceloporus tanneri Smith & Larsen, 1975. Sceloporus torquatus mikeprestoni Smith & Alvarez, 1976. =Sceloporus torquatus mikeprestoni Smith & Alvarez, 1976. Sceloporus undulatus belli Smith, Chiszar & Lemos-Espinal, 1995. =Sceloporus belli Smith, Chiszar & Lemos-Espinal, 1995. Sceloporus undulatus speari Smith, Chiszar, Lemos-Espinal & Bell, 1995. =Sceloporus undulatus spear’ Smith, Chiszar, Lemos-Espinal & Bell, 1995. Sceloporus undulatus tedbrowni Smith, Bell, Applegarth & Chiszar, 1992. =Sceloporus undulatus tedbrowni Smith, Bell, Applegarth & Chiszar, 1992. Sceloporus undulatus virgatus Smith, 1938b. =Sceloporus virgatus Smith, 1938b. Sceloporus variabilis olloporus Smith, 1937c. =Sceloporus vanabilis variabilis Smith, 1937c. Uma paraphygas Williams, Chrapliwy & Smith, 1959. =Uma paraphygas Williams, Chrapliwy & Smith, 1959. Urosaurus bicarinatus spinosus Bumzahem & Smith, 1954b. =Urosaurus bicarinatus spinosus Bumzahem & Smith, 1954b. Uta caerulea Smith, 1935b. =Urosaurus ornatus caeruleus (Smith, 1935b). Uta taylon Smith, 1935b. =Uta stansbuniana taylon Smith, 1935b. Polychrotidae Anolis adleri Smith, 1972b. =Norops liogaster (Boulenger, 1905) Anolis anisolepis Smith, Burley & Fritts, 1963. =Norops anisolepis (Smith, Burley & Fnitts, 1968). Anolis breedlovei Smith & Paulson, 1968. =Norops breedlovei (Smith & Paulson, 1968). Anolis compressicauda Smith & Kerster, 1955. =Norops compressicauda (Smith & Kerster, 1955) Anolis cozumelae Smith, 1939b. =Ctenonotus cnistatellus crnistatellus (Duménl & Bibron, 1837). Anolis cuprinus Smith, 1964. =Norops cuprinus (Smith, 1964) Anolis distichus floridanus Smith & McCauley, 1948. =Ctenonotus distichus floridanus (Smith & McCauley, 1948). Anolis dunni Smith, 1936a. =Norops dunni (Smith, 1936a) Anolis forbesi Smith & Van Gelder, 1955. =Norops forbesi (Smith & Van Gelder, 1955). Anolis limifrons microlepis Alvarez del Toro & Smith, 1956. =Norops microlepis (Alvarez del Toro & Smith, 1956). Anolis macrinii Smith, 1968b. =Norops macrini (Smith, 1968b). Anolis matudai Smith, 1956. =Norops matudai (Smith, 1956). Anolis megapholidotus Smith, 1933. =Norops megapholidotus (Smith, 1933). Anolis millen Smith, in Smith & Taylor, 1950. =Norops milleri (Smith, in Smith & Taylor, 1950). Anolis parvicirculata Alvarez del Toro & Smith, 1956. =Norops parvicirculata (Alvarez del Toro & Smith, 1956). Anolis pentaprion cristifer Smith, 1968a. =Norops pentapnion cristifer (Smith, 1968a). Anolis polyrhachis Smith, 1968c. =Norops polyrhachis (Smith, 1968c) Anolis pygmaeus Alvarez del Toro & Smith, 1956. =Norops pygmaeus (Alvarez del Toro & Smith, 1956). Anolis sagrei mayensis Smith & Burger, 1950a. =Norops sagrai sagrai (Duméril & Bibron, 1837) Anolis schmidti Smith, 1939b. =Norops schmidti (Smith, 1939b). Anolis taylor Smith & Spieler, 1945. =Norops taylor (Smith & Spieler, 1945). Anolis tropidonotus spilorhipis Alvares del Toro & Smith, 1956. =Norops tropidonotus spilorhipis (Alvarez del Toro & Smith, 1956). Scincidae Egernia carinata Smith, 1939a. =Egernia carinata Smith, 1939a. Eumeces septentrionalis pallidus Smith & Slater, 1950. =Eumeces septentrionalis pallidus Smith & Slater, 1950. Eumeces taylon Smith, 1942b. =Eumeces multivirgatus epipleurotus Cope, 1880. Leiolopisma caudaequinae Smith, 1951. =Scincella silvicola caudaequinae (Smith, 1951). Lygosoma chermiei stuarti Smith, 1941p. =Sphenomorphus chernei stuarti (Smith, 1941p). Teiidae Ameiva undulata amphigramma Smith & Laufe, 1945c. =Ameiva undulata (Wiegmann, 1834). Ameiva undulata dextra Smith & Laufe, 1946. =Aneiva undulata (Wiegmann, 1834). Ameiva undulata gaigeae Smith & Laufe, 1946. =Ameiva undulata (Wiegmann, 1834). 10 Ameiva undulata hartwegi Smith, 1940. =Ameiva undulata (Wiegmann, 1834). Ameiva undulata podarga Smith & Laufe, 1946. =Ameiva undulata (Wiegmann, 1834). Ameiva undulata sinistra Smith & Laufe, 1946. =Ameiva undulata (Wiegmann, 1834). Ameiva undulata stuarti Smith, 1940. =Ameiva undulata (Wiegmann, 1834). Ameiva undulata thomasi Smith & Laufe, 1946. =Ameiva undulata (Wiegmann, 1834). Cnemidophorus deppei schizophorus Brandon & Smith, 1968. =Cnemidophorus deppei schizophorus Brandon & Smith, 1968. Cnemidophorus deppii oligoporus Smith, 1939b. =Cnemidophorus deppei deppei Wiegmann, 1844. Cnemidophorus gigas Davis & Smith, 1952. =Cnemidophorus sacki gigas Davis & Smith, 1952. Cnemidophotrus tigris pulcher Williams, Smith & Chrapliwy, 1960. =Cnemidophorus tigris pulcher Williams, Smith & Chrapliwy, 1960. Teuchocercus Fritts & Smith, 1969a. =Teuchocercus Fritts & Smith, 1969a. Teuchocercus keyi Fritts & Smith, 1969a. =Teuchocercus keyi Fritts & Smith, 1969a. Xantusiidae Gaigeia Smith, 1939b. =Lepidophyma (A. Duméni] in Duméri]l & Duménil, 1851) Gaigeia dontomasi Smith, 1942. =Lepidophyma dontomasi (Smith, 1942). Gaigeia radula Smith, 1942. =Lepidophyma radula (Smith, 1942). Lepidophyma (Lepidophyma) alvarezi Smith, 1973. =Lepidophyma alvarezi Smith, 1973. Lepidophyma (Lepidophyma) flavimaculatum linen Smith, 1973. =Lepidophyma flavimaculatum lineri Smith, 1973. Lepidophyma (Lepidophyma) sawini Smith, 1973. =Lepidophyma sawini Smith, 1973. Lepidophyma lipetzi Smith & Alvarez del Toro, 1977. =Lepidophyma lipetzi Smith & Alvarez del Toro, 1977. Lepidophyma smithii occulor Smith, 1942. =Lepidophyma occulor Smith, 1942. Lepidophyma smithii tehuanae Smith, 1942. =Lepidophyma flavimaculatum tehuanae Smith, 1942. Xantusia riversiana reticulata Smith, 1946b. =Xantusia riversiana Cope, 1883 [1884]. aval Xenosauridae Xenosaurus arboreus Lynch & Smith, 1965a. =Xenosaurus grandis arboreus Lynch & Smith, 1965a. Xenosaurus rectocollaris Smith & Iverson, 1993. =Xenosaurus rectocollaris Smith & Iverson, 1993. Anomalepididae Liotyphlops rowani Smith & Grant, 1958. =Liotyphlops albirostris (Peters, 1857). Boidae Boella Smith & Chiszar, 1992. =Epicrates Wagler, 1830. Boella tenella Smith & Chiszar, 1992. =Epicrates inornatus Reinhardt, 1843. Constrictor constrictor sigma Smith, 1943b. =Boa constrictor imperator Daudin 1803. Python saxuloides Smith & Miller, 1979. =Python sebae natalensis Smith, 1833. Colubridae Adelphicos veraepacis latifasciata Lynch & Smith, 1966a. =Adelphicos latifasciatum Lynch & Smith, 1966a. Adelphicos veraepacis nigrilatus Smith, 1942c. =Adelphicos nignlatum Smith, 1942c. Arizona elegans australis Williams, Chrapliwy & Smith, 1961. =Anizona elegans expolita Klauber, 1946. Clelia baileyi Smith, 1942. =Oxyrhopus petola sebae Duménil, Bibron & Duménil, 1854. Clelia clelia immaculatus Smith, 1942¢. =Clelia clelia clelia (Daudin, 1803). Coniophanes bipunctatus biseriatus Smith, 1940. =Coniophanes bipunctatus biseriatus Smith, 1940. Coniophanes fissidens convergens Shannon & Smith, 1950. =Coniophanes fissidens convergens Shannon & Smith, 1950. Coniophanes fissidens dispersus Smith, 1941n. =Coniophanes fissidens dispersus Smith, 1941n. Coniophanes fissidens obsoletus Minton & Smith, 1950. =Coniophanes fissidens obsoletus Minton & Smith, 1950. Conophis lineatus dunni Smith, 1942. =Conophis lineatus dunni Smith, 1942. Conophis pulcher plagosus Smith, 1941b. =Conophis pulcher similis Bocourt, 1886. Conopsis biserialis Taylor & Smith, 1942b. =Conopsis bisenalis Taylor & Smith, 1942b. Dendrophidion vinitor Smith, 1941h. =Dendrophidion vinitor Smith, 1941h. Dryadophis melanolomus stuarti Smith, 1943b. =Dryadophis melanolomus stuarti Smith, 1943b. Dryadophis melanolomus tehuanae Smith, 1943b. =Dryadophis melanolomus tehuanae Smith, 1943b. Drymarchon corais melanocercus Smith, 1941m. =Drymarchon corais melanurus (Duméril, Bibron & Duménil, 1854). Drymarchon corais rubidus Smith, 1941m. =Drymarchon corais rubidus Smith, 1941m. Drymarchon corais unicolor Smith, 1941m. =Drymarchon corais unicolor Smith, 1941m. Drymobius marganitiferus fistulosus Smith, 1942¢. =Drymobius margaritiferus fistulosus Smith, 1942g. Elaphe flavirufa matudai Smith, 1941L. =Elaphe flavirufa matudai Smith, 1941L. Elaphe guttata meahllmorum Smith, Chiszar, Staley & Tepedelen, 1994. =Elaphe guttata meahllmorum Smith, Chiszar, Staley & Tepedelen, 1994. Elaphe sclerotica Smith, 1941L. =Bogertophis subocularis subocularis (Brown, 1901). Emmochliophis Fritts & Smith, 1969b. =Emmocholiophis Fritts & Smith, 1969b. Emmochliophis fugleri Fritts & Smith, 1969b. =Emmochliophis fugleri Fritts & Smith, 1969b. Enulius oligostichus Smith, Amdt & Sherbrooke, 1967. =Enulius oligostichus Smith, Arndt & Sherbrooke, 1967. Ficimia hardyi Mendoza Quijano & Smith, 1993. =Ficimia hardyi Mendoza Quijano & Smith, 1993. Ficimia publia taylori Smith, 1947. =Ficimia publia Cope, 1866. Ficimia ramirezi Smith & Langebartel, 1950. =Ficimia ramirezi Smith & Langebartel, 1950. Ficimia ruspator Smith & Taylor, 1941. =Ficimia ruspator Smith & Taylor, 1941. Geophis blanchardi Taylor & Smith, 1939. =Geophis blanchardi Taylor & Smith, 1939. Geophis cancellatus Smith, 1941a. =Geophis cancellatus Smith, 1941a. Geophis duellmani Smith & Holland, 1969. =Geophis duellmani Smith & Holland, 1969. Geophis laticinctus Smith & Williams, 1963. =Geophis laticinctus Smith & Williams, 1963. Geophis laticinctus albiventris Smith & Holland, 1969. =Geophis laticinctus Smith & Williams, 1963. Geophis laticollaris Smith, Lynch & Altig, 1965. =Geophis laticollaris Smith, Lynch & Altig, 1965. Geophis sallaei russatus Smith & Williams, 1966a. =Geophis russatus Smith & Williams, 1966a. 10S) Geophis semiannulatus Smith, 1941g. Geophis latifrontalis semiannulatus Smith, 1941g. Imantodes splendidus oliveri Smith, 1942. =Imantodes gemmistratus reticulatus (Miller, 1882). Leptodeira annulata taylon Smith, 1941). =Leptodeira septentrionalis polysticta Giinther, 1895. Leptodeira ephippiata Smith & Tanner, 1944. =Leptodeira splendida ephippiata Smith & Tanner, 1944. Leptophis diplotropis forreri Smith, 1943b. =Leptophis diplotropis forreri Smith, 1943b. Liochlorophis Oldham & Smith, 1991. =Liochlorophis Oldham & Smith, 1991. Masticophis flagellum lineatulus Smith, 19411. =Masticophis flagellum lineatulus Smith, 19411. Masticophis flagellum vanolosus Smith, 1943b. =Masticophis mentovarius mentovarius (Duménil, Bibron & Duméril, 1856). Masticophis taeniatus australis Smith, 19411. =Masticophis schotti ruthveni Ortenburger, 1923. Ninia diademata plorator Smith, 1942d. =Ninia diademata plorator Smith, 1942d. Phyllorhynchus decurtatus normisi Smith & Langebartel, 1952. =Phyllorhynchus decurtatus nornsi Smith & Langebartel, 1952. Pliocercus andrewsi Smith, 1942e. =Pliocercus andrewsi Smith, 1942e. Pliocercus andrewsi pacificus Smith & Chrapliwy, 1957. =Pliocercus elapoides diastema (Bocourt, 1886). Pliocercus bicolor Smith, 1941k. =Pliocercus bicolor bicolor Smith, 1941k. Pliocercus elapoides celatus Smith, 1943c. =Pliocercus bicolor bicolor Smith, 1941k. Pliocercus elapoides laticollans Smith, 1941k. =Pliocercus elapoides aequalis (Salvin, 1861). Pliocercus elapoides occidentalis Smith & Landy, 1965. =Pliocercus elapoides occidentalis Smith & Landy, 1965. Pliocercus elapoides schmidti Smith, 1942e. =Pliocercus elapoides aequalis (Salvin, 1861). Pliocercus eurvzonus burghardti Smith & Chiszar, 1996. =Pliocercus euryzonus burghardti Smith & Chiszar, 1996. Pliocercus psychoides Smith & Chiszar, 1996. =Pliocercus psychoides Smith & Chiszar, 1996. Pliocercus wilmarai Smith, Pérez-Higareda & Chiszar, 1996. =Pliocercus wilmarai Smith, Pérez-Higareds & Chiszar, 1996. Pseudoficimia pulchernma Taylor & Smith, 1942a. =Pseudoficimia frontalis (Cope, 1864). Pseudoleptodeira uribei Ramirez Bautista & Smith, 1992. =Pseudoleptodeira uribei Ramirez Bautista & Smith, 1992. Pseudoxenodon nothus Smith, 1942a. =Pseudoxenodon stejnegeni striaticaudatus Pope, 1928. Rhadinaea crassa Smith, 1942i. =Rhadinaea gaigeae Bailey, 1937. Rhadinaea forbesi Smith, 19421. =Rhadinaea forbesi Smith, 19421. Rhadinaea hesperia baileyi Smith, 19421. =Rhadinaea hesperia baileyi Smith, 19421. Rhadinaea hesperia hesperioides Smith, 19421. =Rhadinaea hespena hesperioides Smith, 19421. Rhadinaea macdougalli Smith & Langebartel, 1950. =Rhadinaea macdougalli Smith & Langebartel, 1950. Rhadinaea montana Smith, 1944. =Rhadinaea montana Smith, 1944. Rhadinella Smith, 1941e. =Rhadinaea Cope, 1863. Rhadinella schistosa Smith, 194le. =Rhadineae schistosa (Smith, 1941e) Salvadora bogerti Smith, 1941b. =Salvadora bairdi Jan, 1860. Salvadora hexalepis celeris Smith, 1941b. =Salvadora deserticola Schmidt, 1940. Salvadora intermedia richardi Smith, 1941b. =Salvadora intermedia Hartweg, 1940. Scaphiodontophis Taylor & Smith, 1943. =Scaphiodontophis Taylor & Smith, 1943. Scaphiodontophis albonuchalis Taylor & Smith, 1943. =Scaphiodontophis annulatus (Dumémil, Bibron & Duménil, 1854). Scaphiodontophis capicinctus Taylor & Smith, 1943. =Scaphiodontophis annulatus (Duméril, Bibron & Duménil, 1854). Scaphiodontophis cyclurus Taylor & Smith, 1943. =Scaphiodontophis annulatus (Duméril, Bibron & Duménil, 1854). Scaphiodontophis nothus Taylor & Smith, 1943. =Scaphiodontophis annulatus (Duménil, Bibron & Duménil, 1854). Sonora aequalis Smith & Taylor, 1945b. =Sonora michoacanensis mutabilis Stickel, 1943. Storeria occipitomaculata phasanae Smith, 1963. =Storeria occipitomaculata phasapae Smith, 1963. Tantilla biggsi Savitzky & Smith, 1971. =Tantilla briggsi Savitzky & Smith, 1971. Tantilla flavilineata Smith & Burger, 1950b. =Tantilla flavilineata Smith & Burger, 1950b. Tantilla lintoni Smith, 1940. =Tantillita lintoni (Smith, 1940). Tantilla moesta cuniculator Smith, 1939b. =Tantilla cuniculator Smith, 1939b. Tantilla phrenitica Smith, 1942b. =Tantilla schistosa (Bocourt, 1883). Tantilla schistosa taylori Smith, 1962. =Tantilla schistosa taylori Smith, 1962. Tantilla slavensi Pérez-Higareda, Smith & Smith, 1985. =Tantilla slavensi Pérez-Higareda, Smith & Smith, 1985. Tantilla tnseriata Smith & Smith, 1951. =Tantilla trseriata Smith & Smith, 1951. Tantilla tntaeniata Smith & Williams, 1966b. =Tantilla taeniata tritaeniata Smith & Williams, 1966b. Tantilla wilcoxi rubricata Smith, 1942b. =Tantilla wilcoxi Stejneger, 1902. Tantilla yaquia Smith, 1942b. =Tantilla yaquia Smith, 1942b. Tantillita Smith, 1941c. =Tantillita Smith, 1941c. Thamnophis eques postremus Smith, 1942f. =Thamnophis cyrtopsis postremus Smith, 1942f. Thamnophis melanogaster canescens Smith, 1942f. =Thamnophis melanogaster canescens Smith, 1942f. Thamnophis melanogaster linearis Smith, Nixon & Smith, 1950. =Thamnophis melanogaster linearis Smith, Nixon & Smith, 1950. Thamnophis ordinoides errans Smith, 1942f. =Thamnophis errans Smith, 1942f. Thamnophis rozellae Smith, 1940. =Thamnophis marcianus praeocularis (Bocourt, 1892). Thamnophis sumichrasti cerebrosus Smith, 1942f. =Thamnophis marcianus praeocularis (Bocourt, 1892). Thamnophis sumichrasti salvini Smith, Nixon & Smith, 1950. =Thamnophis cyrtopsis collaris (Jan, 1863). Thamnophis vicinus Smith, 1942f. =Thamnophis cyrtopsis collaris (Jan, 1863). Toluca amphisticha Smith & Laufe, 1945b. =Toluca amphisticha Smith & Laufe, 1945b. Toluca conica Taylor & Smith, 1942b. =Toluca conica Taylor & Smith, 1942b. Toluca lineata wetmorei Smith, 1943b. =Toluca lineata wetmorei Smith, 1943b. Toluca megalodon Taylor & Smith, 1942b. =Toluca megalodon Taylor & Smith, 1942b. Tretanorhinus nigroluteus mertensi Smith & Gillespie 1965, in Smith,1965. =Tretanorhinus nigroluteus Cope, 1861. Tnmorphodon biscutatus quadruplex Smith, 1941o. =Tnmorphodon biscutatus quadruplex Smith, 1941o. Trimorphodon biscutatus semirutus Smith, 1943b. =Trimorphodon biscutatus biscutatus (Duméril, Bibron & Duméril, 1854). Trimorphodon fasciolatus Smith, 1941o. =Trimorphodon tau latifascia (Peters, 1869). Trimorphodon forbesi Smith, 1941o. =Tnmorphodon tau tau Cope, 1870. Tropidoclonion lineatum mertensi Smith, 1965. =Tropidoclonion lineatum (Hallowell, 1856). Tropidodipsas macdougalli Smith, 1943d. =Sibon sartoni macdougalli (Smith, 1943d). Xenodon mexicanus Smith, 1940. =Xenodon rabdocephalus mexicanus Smith, 1940. Elapidae Micrurus browni Schmidt & Smith, 1943. =Micrurus browni browni Schmidt & Smith, 1943. Micrurus diastema proximans Smith & Chrapliwy, 1958. =Micrurus proximans Smith & Chrapliwy, 1958. Micrurus fitzingeri microgalbineus Brown & Smith, 1942. =Micrurus tener microgalbineus Brown & Smith, 1942. Micrurus limbatus spilosomus Pérez-Higareda & Smith, 1990. =Micrurus limbatus spilosomus Pérez-Higareda & Smith, 1990. Micrurus nigrocinctus ovandoensis Schmidt & Smith, 1943. =Micrurus nigrocinctus zunilensis Schmidt, 1932. Micrurus nuchalis taylori Schmidt & Smith, 1943. =Micrurus browni taylori Schmidt & Smith, 1943. Sepedonophis Smith, 1936b. =Hemachatus Lacépéde, 1788. Leptotyphlopidae Leptotyphlops dulcis iversoni Smith, Van Breukelen, Auth & Chiszar, 1998. =Leptotyphlops dulcis iversoni Smith, Van Breukelen, Auth & Chiszar, 1998. Leptotyphlops striatula Smith & Laufe, 1945a. =Leptotyphlops striatulus Smith & Laufe, 1945a. Viperidae Bothrops nigroviridis macdougalli Smith & Moll, 1969. =Bothniechis rowleyi (Bogert, 1968). Bothrops sphenophrys Smith, 1960. =Ophryacus undulatus (Jan, 1859). Crotalus gloydi lautus Smith, 1946. =Crotalus intermedius intermedius Troschel, 1865. Porthidium olmex Pérez-Higareda, Smith & Julia-Zertuche, 1985. =Atropoides olmec (Pérez-Higareda, Smith & Julia-Zertuche, 1985. Trimeresurus garciai Smith, 1940. =Ophryacus melanurum (Miller, 1924). Trimeresurus yucatanicus Smith, 1941f. =Porthidium yucatanicum (Smith, 1941f). ily) CITATIONS FOR TYPE DESCRIPTIONS Alvarez del Toro, Miguel and Hobart M. Smith. 1956. Notulae herpetologicae chiapasiae I. Herpetologica. 12(1):3-17. Brown, Bryce C. and Hobart M. Smith. 1942. A new subspecies of Mexican coral snake. Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington. 55:63-66. Bumzahem, Carlos B. and Hobart M. Smith. 1954a. Additional records and descnptions of Mexican frogs of the genus Plectrohyla. Herpetologica. 10(1):61-66. ----- and -----. 1954b. A new race of Urosaurus bicarinatus (Reptilia: Squamata) from Chiapas, Mexico. Herpetologica. 10(3):181-183. ----- and -----. 1955. Additional notes and descnptions of plethodontid salamanders from Mexico. Herpetologica. 11(1):73-75. Burger, W. Leslie, Hobart M. Smith and Floyd E. Potter, Jr. 1950. Another neotenic Eurycea from the Edwards Plateau. Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington. 63:51-58. ----- , Philip W. Smith and Hobart M. Smith. 1949. Notable records of reptiles and amphibians in Oklahoma, Arkansas, and Texas. J. Tennessee Acad. Sci. 24(2):130-134. Darling, Donald M. and Hobart M. Smith. 1954. A collection of reptiles and amphibians from eastern Mexico. Trans. Kansas Acad. Sci. 57(2):180-195. Dasman, Marlene M and Hobart M. Smith. 1974. A new sceloporine lizard from Oaxaca, Mexico. Great Basin Nat. 34(3):231-237. Davis, William B. and Hobart M. Smith. 1952. A new whiptail lizard (genus Cnemidophorus) from Mexico. Herpetologica. 8(3):97-100. Firschein, I. Lester and Hobart M. Smith. 1956. A new fringe-limbed Hyla (Amphibia: Anura) from a new faunal distric of Mexico. Herpetologica. 12(1):17-21. ----- and Hobart M. Smith. 1957. A high crested race of toad (Bufo valliceps) and other noteworthy reptiles and amphibians from southern Mexico. Herpetologica. 13(3): 219-222. Fritts, Thomas H. and Hobart M. Smith. 1969a. A new teiid lizard genus from western Ecuador. Trans. Kansas Acad. Sci. 72(1):54-59. ----- and -----. 1969b. A new genus and species of snake from western Ecuador. Trans. Kansas Acad. Sci. 72(1):60-66. Guillette, Louis J., Jr. and Hobart M. Smith. 1982. A review of the Mexican lizard Barisia imbricata, and the description of a new subspecies. Trans. Kansas Acad. Sci. 85(1):13-33. Hall, William P. and Hobart M. Smith. 1979. Lizards of the Sceloporus orcutti complex of the Cape region of Baja California. Breviora (452):1-26. Kerster, Harold W. and Hobart M. Smith. 1955. The identity of the Puerto Rican species of Phyllodactylus (Reptilia: Squamata). Herpetologica. 11(3):229-232. La Marca, Enrique and Hobart M. Smith. 1982. Eleutherodactylus colostichos, a new frog species from the Paramo de Los Conejos, in the Venezuelan Andes (Anura: Leptodactylidae). Occ. Papers Mus. Zool. Univ. Michigan. (700):1-8. Lynch, John D. and Hobart M. Smith. 1965a. A new species of Xenosaurus (Reptilia: Xenosauridae) from the Isthmus of Tehuantepec, Mexico. Trans. Kansas Acad. Sci. 68(1):163- L72: ----- and -----. 1965b. New or unusual amphibians and reptiles from Oaxaca, Mexico. I. Herpetologica. 21(3):168-177. . ----- and -----. 1966a. New or unusual amphibians and reptiles from Oaxaca. I. Trans. Kansas Acad. Sci. 69(1):58-75. ----- and -----. 1966b. A new toad from western Mexico. Southwest. Nat. 11(1):19-23. Mendoza Quijano, Fernando and Hobart M. Smith. 1993. A new species of hooknose snake, Ficimia (Reptilia, Serpentes). J. Herpetol. 27(4):406-410. Minton, Sherman A. and Hobart M. Smith. 1960. A new subspecies of Coniophanes fissidens and notes on Central American amphibians and reptiles. Herpetologica. 16(2):103-111. Oldham, Jonathan C. and Hobart M. Smith. 1991. The generic status of the smooth green snake, Opheodrys vernalis. Bull. Maryland Herpetol. Soc. 27(4):201-215. Pérez-Higareda, Gonzalo and Hobart M. Smith. 1990. The endemic coral snakes of the Los Tuxtlas region, southern Veracruz, Mexico. Bull. Maryland Herpetol. Soc. 26(1):5-13. ----- , ----- and Jordi Julia-Zertuche. 1985. A new jumping viper, Porthidium olmec, from southem Veracruz, Mexico (Serpents, Viperidae). Bull. Maryland Herpetol. Soc. 21(3):97-106. ----- , ----- and Rozella B. Smith. 1985. A new species of Tantilla from Veracruz, Mexico. J. Herpetol. 19(2):290-292. Poglayan, Ivo and Hobart M. smith. Noteworthy herptiles from Mexico. Herpetologica. 14(1):11- 15: Ramirez Bautista, Aurelio and Hobart M. Smith. 1992. A new chromospecies of snake (Pseudoleptodeira) from Mexico. Bull. Maryland Herpetol. Soc. 28(3):83-98. Sanders, Ottys and Hobart M. Smith. 1951. Geographic variation in toads of the debilis group of Bufo. Field and Laboratory. 29(4):141-160. Savitzky, Alan H. and Hobart M. Smith. 1971. A new snake from Mexico of the taeniata group of Tantilla. J. Herpetol. 5(3-4):167-171. Schmidt, Karl P. and Hobart M. Smith. 1943. Notes on coral snakes from Mexico. Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Zool. Ser. 29(2):25-31. Shannon, Frederick A. and Hobart M. Smith. 1950. Herpetological results of the University of Illinois Field Expedition, spring 1949. I. Introduction, Testudines, Serpentes. Trans. Kansas Acad. Sci. 52(4):494-509. Smith, Hobart M. 1933. Notes on some Mexican lizards of the genus Anolis with the description of a new species, A. megapholidotus. Trans. Kansas Acad. Sci. 36:315-320. ----- . 1934. Descriptions of new lizards of the genus Sceloporus from Mexico and southern United States. Trans. Kansas Acad. Sci. 37:263-285. ----- . 1935a. Miscellaneous notes on Mexican lizards. Univ. Kansas Sci. Bull. 22(6):119-155. ----- . 1935b. Descriptions of new species of lizards from Mexico of the genus Ura, with notes on other Mexican species. Univ. Kansas Sci. Bull. 22(7):157-183. ----- . 1935c. Notes on some Mexican lizards of the genus Holbrookia, with the description of a new species. Univ. Kansas Sci. Bull. 22(8):185-201. ----- . 1936a. A new Anolis from Mexico. Copeia. 1936(1):9. ----- . 1936b. A preoccupied generic name of a South African ophidian. Copeia. 1936(1):70. . 1936c. Descriptions of new species of lizards of the genus Sceloporus from Mexico. Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington. 49:87-96. . 1936d. Description of a new Sceloporus from southern Mexico. Herpetologica. 1(1):6-8. . 1936e. A new lizard of the genus Sceloporus from southern Mexico. Am. Mus. Novitates (892):1-4. . 1937a. Two new subspecies of Mexican lizards of the genus Sceloporus. Copeia. 1936(4):223-230. . 1937b. A new subspecies of the lizard genus Sceloporus from Texas. Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington. 50:83-86. 1937c. A synopsis of the variabilis group of the lizard genus Sceloporus, with descriptions of new subspecies. Occ. Papers Mus. Zool. Univ. Michigan. (358):1-14. 1937d. A synopsis of the scalaris group of the lizard genus Sceloporus. Occ. Papers Mus. Zool. Univ. Michigan. (361):1-8. . 1938a. Description of anew Mexican subspecies of Sceloporus spinosus Wiegmann Lacertilia). Univ. Kansas Sci. Bull. 37(18):469-473. . 1938b. Remarks on the status of the subspecies of Sceloporus undulatus, with descriptions of new species and subspecies of the undulatus group. Occ. Papers Mus. Zool. Univ. Michigan. (387):1-17. . 1939a. A new Australian lizard with a note on Hemiergis. Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Zool. Ser. 24(3):11-14. . 1939b. Notes on Mexican reptiles and amphibians. Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Zool. Ser. 24(4):15-35. . 1939c. The Mexican and Central Amencan lizards of the genus Sceloporus. Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Zool. Ser. 26:1-397. 1939d. Mexican herpetological novelties. Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington. 52:187-196. . 1940. Descriptions of new lizards and snakes from Mexico and Guatemala. Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington. 53:55-64. . 1941a. Notes on Mexican snakes of the genus Geophis. Smithsonian Misc. Collns. 99(19):1- 6 . 1941b. Further notes on Mexican snakes of the genus Salvadora. Smithsonian Misc. Collns. 99(20):1-12. 1941c. A new genus of Central American snakes related to Tantilla. J. Washington Acad. Seri 31)3)s115-hi7: 1941d. Notes on snakes of the genus Conophis. J. Washington Acad. Sci. 31(3):117-124. . 1941e. A new genus of Mexican snakes related to Rhadinaea. Copeia. 1941(1):7-10. . 1941f. Notes on Mexican snakes of the genus Trimeresurus. Zoologica. 26(1):61-64. . 1941g. A new Geophis from Mexico. Proc. New England Zool. Club. 18:49-55. . 1941h. A new name for the Mexican snakes of the genus Dendrophidion. Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington. 54:73-76. . 19411. Notes on Mexican snakes of the genus Masticophis. J. Washington Acad. Sci. 31(9):388-398. 1941}. A new Leptodeira from Mexico. Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington. 54:115-118. . 1941k. On the Mexican snakes of the genus Pliocercus. Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington. 54:119-124. . 1941L. Notes on Mexican snakes of the genus Elaphe. Copeia. 1941(3):132-136. . 1941m. A review of the subspecies of the indigo snake (Drymarchon corais). J. Washington Acad. Sci. 31(1):466-481. . 1941n. The Mexican subspecies of the snake Coniophanes fissidens. Proc. U. S. Natn. Mus. 91(3127):103-112. 19410. Notes on the snake genus Trimorphodon. Proc. U.S. Natn. Mus. 91(3130):149-168. 1941p. A new race of Lygosoma from Mexico. Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington. 54:181-182. 1942a. A new name for a Chinese snake. Copeia. 1942 (1):52. 1942b. A resume of Mexican snakes of the genus Tantilla. Zoologica. 27:33-42. 1942c. A review of the snake genus Adelphicos. Proc. Rochester Acad. Sci. 8:175-195. 1942d. A new race of Ninia from Mexico. Copeia. 1942(3):152-154. 1942e. Additional notes on Mexican snakes of the genus Pliocercus. Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington. 55:159-164. 1942f. The synonymy of the garter snakes (Thamnophis), with notes on Mexican and Central American species. Zoologica. 27(3-4):97-123. 1942g. Mexican herpetological miscellany. Proc. U. S. Natn. Mus. 92(3153):349-395. . 1942h. A new name for a United States skink. Proc. New England Zool. Club. 21:93-95. 19421. Descriptions of new species and subspecies of Mexican snakes of the genus Rhadinaea. Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington. 55:185-192. . 1943a. The White Sands earless lizard. Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Zool. Ser. 24(30):339-344. 1943b. Summary of the collections of snakes and crocodilians made in Mexico under the Walter Rathbone Bacon Traveling Scholarship. Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. 93(3169):393-504. 1943c. Another Mexican snake of the genus Pliocercus. J. Washington Acad. Sci. 33(11):344-345. 1943d. A new snake of the genus Tropidodipsas from Mexico. J. Washington Acad. Sci. 33(12):371-373. 1944. Snakes of the Hoogstrall expeditions to northern Mexico. Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Zool. Ser. 29(8):135-152. . 1945a. Herpetological collecting in banana fields of Mexico. Ward's Nat. Sci. Bull. 19(1):3- h . 1945b. The salamander name Bolitoglossa Duménil, Bibron and Duméril. Herpetologica. 3(1):14-19. 1946a. Preliminary notes and speculations on the triseriatus group of rattlesnakes in Mexico. Univ. Kansas Sci. Bull. 31(3):75-101. 1946b. A subspecies of the lizard Xantusia riversiana. J. Washington Acad. Sci. 36(1):392- 393. . 1947. Notes on Mexican amphibians and reptiles. J. Washington Acad. Sci. 37(11):408-412. 1948. A new race of the lizard Sceloporus melanorhinus from Guatemala. Nat. Hist. Misc. (20):1-3. . 1951. A new species of Leiolopisma (Reptilia: Sauria) from Mexico. Univ. Kansas Sci. Bull. 34(3):195-200. 1952. The idenuty of Hyla underwoodi auctorum of Mexico, Herpetologica. 7(4):184-190. . 1953. A new subspecies of the treefrog Hyla phaeota Cope of Central America. Herpetologica. 8(4):150-152. ----- . 1956. A new anole (Reptilia: Squamata) from Chiapas, Mexico. Herpetologica. 12(1):1-2. ----- . 1957. A new casque-headed frog (Pternohyla) from Mexico. Herpetologica. 13(1):1-4. ----- . 1959. Herpetozoa from Guatemala, I. Herpetologica. 15(4):210-216. Zr . 1960. New and noteworthy reptiles from Oaxaca, Mexico. Trans. Kansas Acad. Sci. 62(4):265-272. . 1962. The subspecies of Tantilla schistosa of Middle America (Reptilia: Serpentes). _ Herpetologica. 18(1):13-18. . 1963. The identity of the Black Hills population of Storeria occipitomaculata, the red-bellied snake. Herpetologica. 19(1):17-21. 1964. A new Anolis from Oaxaca, Mexico. Herpetologica. 20(1):31-33. . 1965. Two new colubmid snakes from the United States and Mexico. J. Ohio Herpetol. Soc. 5(1):1-4. 1968a. A new pentaprionid anole (Reptilia: Lacertilia) from Pacific slopes of Mexico. Trans. Kansas Acad. Sci. 71(2):195-200. 1968b. Two new lizards, one new, of the genus Anolis from Mexico. J. Herpetol. 2(3- 4):143-146. . 1968c. Another new lizard from Mexico of the schiedi group of Anolis. Southwest. Nat. 13(3):368-370. . 1972a. The Sonoran subspecies of the lizard Crenosaura hemilopha. Great Basin Nat. 32(2):104-111. . 1972b. 1972. A new satellite of the Anolis gadovii species swarm (Reptilia: Sauria) in Mexico. J. Herpetol. 6(3-4):179-181. . 1973. A tentative rearrangement of the lizards of the genus Lepidophyma. J. Herpetol. 7(2):109-123. , Rudolf G. Amdt and Wade C. Sherbrooke. 1967. A new snake of the genus Enulius from Mexico. Nat. Hist. Misc. (186):1-4. and Ticul Alvarez. 1976. Possible intraspecific sympatry in the lizard species Sceloporus torquatus and its relationship with S. cyanogenys. Trans. Kansas Acad. Sci. 77(4):219-224. and Miguel Alvarez del Toro. 1963. Notulae herpetologicae chiapasiae IV. Herpetologica. 19(2):100-105. and ----- . 1977. A new troglodytic lizard (Reptilia, Lacertilia, Xantusiidae) from Mexico. J. Herpetol. 11(1): 37-40. , Edwin L. Bell, John S. Applegarth and David Chiszar. 1992. Adaptive convergence in the lizard superspecies Sceloporus undulatus. Bull. Maryland Herpetol. Soc. 28(4):123-149. and Ronald A. Brandon. 1968. Data nova herpetologica mexicana. Trans. Kansas Acad. Sci. 71(1):49-61. and Edmund D. Brodie, Jr. 1982. A Guide to Field Identification Reptiles of North America. Golden Press, NY 240 pp. and Bryce C. Brown. 1941. A new subspecies of Sceloporus jarrovii from Mexico. Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Zool. Ser. 24(23):253-257. and ----- . . 1947. The Texas subspecies of the treefrog Hyla versicolor. Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington. 60:47-50. and Carlos B. Bumzahem. 1953. A new lizard of the genus Sceloporus from the Isthmus of Tehuantepec. Herpetologica. 9(4):185-188. and ----- . 1955. The identity of the trans-isthmic Mexican populations of the malachite tree lizards (Sceloporus malachiticus Cope). Herpetologica. 11(2):118-120. and W. Leslie Burger. 1950a. A new subspecies of Anolis sagrei from the Atlantic coast of tropical Amenica. An. Inst. Biol. Mex. 10(1-2):407-410. and ----- . 1950b. A new snake (Tantilla) from Mexico. Herpetologica. 6(5):117-119. , F. William Burley and Thomas H. Fnitts. 1968. A new anisolepid Anolis (Reptilia: Lacertilia) from Mexico. J. Herpetol. 2(3-4):147-151. and David Chiszar. 1992. A Mexican genus of tropidopheine snakes. Bull. Maryland Herpetol. Soc. 28(1):19-28. and ----- . 1996. Species-group taxa of the False Coral Snake genus Pliocercus. Ramus Publishing, Inc., Pottsville, PA 112 pp. ,o- and Julio A. Lemos-Espinal. 1995. A new subspecies of the polytypic lizard species Sceloporus undulatus. Texas J. Sci. 47(2):117-143. ----- , ----- and Edwin L. Bell. 1995. The Cabeza de Vaca Basin subspecies of the lizard Seslenanss undulatus. Trans. Kansas Acad. Sci. 98(1-2):44-60. ,o , James R. Staley Il and Kamuran Tepedelen. 1994. Populational relationships in the corn snake Elaphe guttata (Reptilia: Serpentes). Texas J. Sci. 46(3):259-292. and Pete S. Chrapliwy. 1957. A new subspecies of the Central American false coral snakes (Pliocercus). Herpetologica. 13(3):233-235. and ----- . 1958. New and noteworthy Mexican herptiles from the Lidicker collection. Herpetologica. 13(4):267-271. and Bryan P. Glass. 1947. A new musk turtle from southeastern United States. J. Washington Acad. Sci. 37(1):22-24. and Chapman Grant. 1958. New and noteworthy snakes from Panama. Herpetologica. 14(4):207-215. and William P. Hall. 1974. Contributions to the concepts of reproductive cycles and the systematics of the scalaris group of the lizard genus Sceloporus. Great Basin Nat. 34(2):97- 104. and Richard L. Holland. 1969. Two new snakes of the genus Geophis from Mexico. Trans. Kansas Acad. Sci. 72(1):47-53. and John B. Iverson. 1993. A new species of knobscale lizard (Reptilia: Xenosauridae) from Mexico. Bull. Maryland Herpetol. Soc. 29(1):51-66. and Harold W. Kerster. 1955. New and noteworthy Mexican lizards of the genus Anolis. Herpetologica. 11(3):193-201. and Macreay J. Landy. 1965. New and unusual snakes of the genus Pliocercus from Oaxaca, Mexico. Nat. Hist. Misc. (183):1-4. and Dave A. Langebartel. 1950. Notes on a collection of reptiles and amphibians from the Isthmus of Tehuantepec, Oaxaca. J. Washington Acad. Sci. 39(12):409-416. and ----- . 1952. A new geographic race of leaf-nosed snake from Sonora, Mexico. Herpetologica. 7(4):181-184. and Kenneth R. Larsen. 1975. A new species of the formosus group of the lizard genus Sceloporus. Copeia. 1975(1):47-50. and Leonard W. Laufe. 1945a. A new South Amenican Leptotyphlops. Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington. 58:29-32. and ----- . 1945b. Notes on a herpetological collection from Oaxaca. Herpetologica. 3(1):1- 13 and ----- . 1945c. Mexican amphibians and reptiles in the Texas Cooperative Wildlife Collections. Trans. Kansas Acad. Sci. 48(3):325-345. and ----- . 1946. A summary of Mexican lizards of the genus Ameiva. Univ. Kansas Sci. Bull. 31(2):7-73. and John D. Lynch. 1967. A new cryptic lizard (Iguanidae: Sceloporus) with comments on other reptiles from Oaxaca, Mexico. Herpetologica. 23(1):18-29. ee and Ronald Altig. 1965. New and noteworthy herpetozoa from southern Mexico. Nat. Hist. Misc. (180):1-4. , Robert L. Martin and Tom A. Swain. 1977. A new genus and two species of South American geckos (Reptilia: Lacertilia). Papeis Avulsos Dept. Zool. S. Paulo (Brasil). 30(4):195-213. and Robert H. McCauley, Jr. 1948. Another new anole from south Florida. Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington. 61:159-166. and Tracy J. Miller. 1979. The lesser African rock python. Bull. Maryland Herpetol. Soc. 15(3):70-84. and Edward O. Moll. 1969. A taxonomic rearrangement of the pit vipers of the Bothrops nigroviridis complex of southern Mexico. J. Herpetol. 3(3-4):151-155. , G. William Nixon and Philip E. Smith. Mexican and Central American garter snakes (Thamnophis) in the British Museum (Natural History). J. Linn. Soc. London. 41(282):571- 584. and Dennis R. Paulson. 1968. A new lizard of the schiedi group of Anolis from Mexico. Southwest. Nat. 13(3):365-368. , Gonzalo Pérez-Higareda and David Chiszar. 1996. Observatons on the snake genus Pliocercus, Il. The endemic species of Los Tuxtlas, Veracruz, Mexico. Bull. Maryland Herpetol. Soc. 32(2):75-79. and Floyd E. Potter, Jr. 1946. A third neotenic salamander of the genus Eurycea from Texas. Herpetologica. 3(4):105-109. and Louis W. Ramsey. 1952. A new turtle from Texas. Wassman J. Biol. 10(1):45-54. and Alan H. Savitzky. 1974. Another cryptic associate of the lizard Sceloporus formosus in Guerrero, Mexico. J. Herpetol. 8(4):297-303. and James A. Slater. The southern races of Eumeces septentrionalis (Baird). Trans. Kansas Acad. Sci. 52(4): 438-448. and Philip W. Smith. 1951. A new snake (Tantilla) from the Isthmus of Tehuantepec, Mexico. Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington. 64:97-100. , Robert M. Smith and John E. Werler. 1952. Notes on a collection of amphibians and reptiles from eastern Mexico. Texas J. Sci. 4(2):251-260. and Rozella B. Smith. 1977. Synopsis of the herpetofauna of Mexico. Volume V. Guide to Mexican amphisbaenians and crocodilians. Bibliographic addendum II. John Johnson, North Bloomington, VT. 191 pp. and ----- . 1981. Another epiphytic alligator lizard (Abronia) from Mexico. Bull. Maryland Herpetol. Soc. 17(2):51-60. and Richard A. Spieler. 1945. A new anole from Mexico. Copeia. 1945(3):165-168. and Wilmer W. Tanner. 1944. Description of a new snake from Mexico. Copeia. 1944(3):131-136. and Edward H. Taylor. 1941. A review of the snakes of the genus Ficimia. J. Washington Acad. Sci. 31(8):356=368. and ----- . 1945. An annotated checklist and key to the snakes of Mexico. Bull. U. S. Natn. Mus. (187):i-iv, 1-239. and ----- . 1950. An annotated checklist and key to the reptiles of Mexico, exclusive of the snakes. Bull. U. S. Natn. Mus. (199):1-iv, 1-253. , Frank Van Breukelen, David L. Auth and David Chiszar. 1998. A subspecies of the Texas blind snake (Leptotyphlops dulcis) without supraoculars. Southwest. Nat. 43(4):437-440. and Richard G. Van Gelder. 1955. New and noteworthy amphibians and reptiles from Sinaloa and Puebla, Mexico. Herpetologica. 11(2):145-149. ----- , Gregory J. Watkins-Colwell, Julio A. Lemos-Espinal and David Chiszar. 1997. A new subspecies of the lizard Sceloporus scalaris (Reptilia: Sauria: Phrynosomatidae) from the Sierra Madre Occidental of Mexico. Southwest. Nat. 42(3):290-301. . ----- and Kenneth L. Williams. 1963. New and noteworthy amphibians and reptiles from southern Mexico. Herpetologica. 19(1):22-27. ----- and -----. 1966a. A new snake (Geophis) from Mexico. J. Ohio Herpetol. Soc. 5(3):90-92. ----- and -----. 1966b. A new snake (Tantilla) from Las Islas de la Bahia, Honduras. Southwest. Nat. 11(4):483-487. Smith, Philip W. and Hobart M. Smith. 1951. A new lizard (Sceloporus) from Oaxaca, Mexico. Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington. 64:101-103. Taylor, Edward H. and Hobart M. Smith. 1939. Miscellaneous notes on Mexican snakes. Univ. Kansas Sci. Bull. 25(13): 239-258. ----- and -----. 1942a. Concerning the snake genus Pseudoficimia Bocourt. Univ. Kansas Sci. Bull. 28(12):241-251. ----- and -----. 1942b. The snake genera Conopsis and Toluca. Univ. Kans. Sci. Bull. 28(15):325- 363. ----- and -----. 1943. A review of American sibynophine snakes, with a proposal of a new genus. Univ. Kansas Sci. Bull. 29(6):301-337. ----- and -----. 1945a. Summary of the collections of amphibians made in Mexico under the Walter Rathbone Bacon Traveling Scholarship. Proc. U. S. Natn. Mus., 95(3185): 521-613. ----- and -----. 1945b. An annotated checklist and key to the snakes of Mexico. Proc. U. S. Natn. Mus. (187):i-iv, 1-239. Williams, Kenneth L., Pete S. Chrapliwy and Hobart M. Smith. 1959. A new fringe-footed lizard (Uma) from Mexico. Trans. Kansas Acad. Sci. 62(2):166-172. ----- _----- and -----. 1961. Snakes from northern Mexico. Nat. Hist. Misc. (177):1-8. ----- . Hobart M. Smith and Pete S. Chrapliwy. 1960. Turtles and lizards from northern Mexico. Trans. Illinois St. Acad. Sci. 53(1-2):36-45. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS My thanks are extended first and foremost to Hobart M. Smith for sharing his bibliography and his reprints with me over the years and looking over this project. Drs. Kraig Adler and Charles J. Cole also review an earlier version of this list and provided invaluable comments. LITERATURE CITED Chiszar, David and Rozella B. Smith. 1982. Fifty Years of Herpetology: Publications of Hobart M. Smith. John Johnson, North Bennington, VT. 78pp. Smith, Hobart M. 1933. Notes on some Mexican lizards of the genus Anolis, with description of a new species, A. megopholidotus. Trans. Kansas Acad. Sci. 36:315-320. ----- . 1946. Preliminary notes and speculations on the Triseriatus group of rattlesnakes in Mexico. Univ. Kansas Sci. Bull. 31(3):75-101. ----- and David Chiszar. 1996. Species-group taxa of the false coral snake genus Pliocercus. Ramus Publishing, Inc., Pottsville, PA 112 pp. ----- and Leonard E. Laufe. 1945. Mexican amphibians and reptiles in the Texas Cooperative Wildlife Collections. Trans. Kansas Acad. Sci. 48(3):325-354. ----- and Rozella B. Smith. 1977. Synopsis of the herpetofauna of Mexico. Volume V. Guide to Mexican amphisbaenians and crocodilians. Bibliographic addendum II. John Johnson, North Bloomington, VT 191 pp. epry i Vauneaolae, os a @ ihe line Jere ate aid om 1 & aw ears (Lesilly) Gone Led ela a ining VPatiie te es CIT) TAT ARITL heh, Puy W, ane ditagt 4, ene, 104, A eee leer a eres 2801 suca@ 4 alles bas i “ ie Kove o1 AuIB sang wt fF norintnnyyes A See eotaabhai redacenaite is Auta T8i2):345 201 | cm — LOPS ‘Suites . n°: ee No Cee eeenetel ole sow = | Gr pases gente J ASDA linea . 20k uppitnitaAl s Mpg te ve Yo. ane mt 7 oa =) - Pe x a ee Gees aoe Do ny-ee ie oe eee) oo De. _ _ ee Ses ey 2 ee i) a : Ep. a an . eee ; i age t in eae ni 7 : _ la? : _ 7 a 7 - i 7 : ; 7 7 — ee eee ter ee ~~ — = 2 ; [= > a a _ > a 7 a 7 : : +> - oo __ HECKMAN _ DINDERY INC. Bound-To-Please* JUNE 04 | : LIBRARIES UTION STITU in 073 i lI I —— -———— oo Soe ers perth oats