“ A sy a te 1 at Meera eat hy RPC SPERM MRiC Print aay Sa ae Panny Parent raitacatcart A pe Pate HRETINR EH HERR it th eeaeriraayth AeA) IHR a rt APL Raa EN een tls bossa ty i Ae MYM ire} ae aH HEMI ihe ey ihn RS (i: aL ADA Be " eye viLes POPS he Vn DOOM raya eT an ak aate sty Be Nee PRBS SAN AI Hey een Whe if 4 yay af ROK Ah CAH y A t Cui NM) Sell . ha — setae —— ep Perse ee pe seen ees SS Stee : ct ee S = St esS- re PSR greet ececce ci cecar ee gece seers rege oy ace se tate gt sees ttee Le - (Eee et ee rt eiet Se ee eee oe = : Spt es se pers veneer eee Eee Saat aed —~ es Ven et rey uri Boma Bens Hi 2 iM ACC oo My, Die ane ee NaH A Srp ae a reas = es < SS S : + ar = eo a a ae: > AON tna Ora i fs y t i Chae bhi taht hi 2 i Ohi te 7 : ara ! : Lye EAA aan mes iain vt int aHE si a APRS? Raa in ti ey y rat " a stst bie) i ny PNP hes aN Soa Sa ARR REE hy SN incase ets i bh Wy a 4H at ran } beh bi i i f MeN sinha eat pene i ena i ih ee Pai tne Uihabae pie i ai Bitte teh a Hf — " Rees bate dubagiiay eta Dees aha ma Hei ee in Hy i i rib) Vin} 4 abs be eh Mae seh rat} if pin ii iM nha tat * a i , [ 7 4s , . che , t a baie Th | | L 7 a j i ue, 4 7 ee ae | fs SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOLUME 130 (WHOLE VOLUME) ANNOTATED, SUBJECT-HEADING BIBLIOGRAPHY OF TERMITES 1330.B.Ci, BORD [ox By THOMAS E. SNYDER Washington, D.C. eee OSOves (PusicaTion 4258) CITY OF WASHINGTON PUBLISHED BY THE SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION SEPTEMBER 25, 1956 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOLUME 130 (WHOLE VOLUME) ANNOTATED, SUBJECT-HEADING BIBLIOGRAPHY OF TERMITES 1590 B.C. TO A.D, 1954 By THOMAS E. SNYDER Washington, D.C. (PusiicaTion 4258) CITY OF WASHINGTON PUBLISHED BY THE SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION SEPTEMBER 25, 1956 THE LORD BALTIMORE PRESS, INC. BALTIMORE, MD., U.S. A. VSO Dir, DF CONTENTS Page Ret CCIE Tare eel Ae Thiet a ae een tera cabs GRACO A, saniditchore ca Age Vien pout ack I BRP SEI COLO INIC TIEN Met th he Sra riate inl Nta ale ane Oeics Ricks ad aia abd ee aia lite I BERING MESTID ICC CACINSSe cay ig el RCT aN ee Ea RN aol ly etete baat tiuel 3 2 RIAN tre itty ok a han Phe cas OA agence sw chdley aicma rere aa 3 SESOEICUIGUOLS ANG, CELCS Gn) hy ahaa cle, «WU: inertness Ree wIs Teese SaaS RIL es 149 ee are RA A Sein tel Huis cana: Sorte) 3: PR i Bel Ree th ak Ae Coed Seen 2 279 ANNOTATED, SUBJECT-HEADING BIBLIOGRAPHY OF TERMITES 1350" E:.CY TO AeIDN1994 By THOMAS E. SNYDER Washington, D.C. INTRODUCTION As early as 1350 B.C. (Dow, 1915), the Rig Vedas referred in Sanskrit to “ghuna” as destroyers of wood, and these were probably termites. The animals of India were known to the early B.C. Greek authors. Pliny in his Natural History of the World, 77 A.D., in a manner similar to his other “facts,” discusses Indian “pissmires,” which may be “white ants” or ants. Hagen in 1855 gives a historical summary of these early accounts of termites. A bibliography of the Isoptera (1758-1949), Griffin, 1951, has been used in this work. Like Griffin, I have not included some of the articles listed in the Review of Applied Entomology (series A), or in the Index of American Economic Entomology, where papers on termites are also referred to under subject headings. The bibliography is partly selective. Taxonomic articles published since 1949, when my Catalog of Termites of the World was published, are included, but not those papers referred to in that catalog unless subjects other than taxonomy are discussed. This bibliography includes papers through 1954, with some of 1955. A total of 3,624 references are included. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS This bibliography was begun in 1909 when I was in the Division of Forest Insects, Bureau of Entomology, U.S. Department of Agriculture; work was continued until I retired in 1951. Since then, most of the annotations have been made, and much more time has been available to complete it. Dr. Alfred E. Emerson of the University of Chicago has supplied many references, especially those relating to taxonomy and biology. Librarians, bibliographers, and translators of the Department of Agriculture, librarians of the U.S. National Museum, and my wife have all given help in its preparation. Funds for typing the manuscript were kindly furnished by Dr. Frederick Cunliffe, Director, Pinellas Biological Laboratory, Inc., St. Petersburg, Fla. A grant from the National Science Foundation, Washington, D.C., has assisted the Smithsonian Institution in publishing the bibliography. Editors of the Smithsonian have been very helpful. Grateful acknowledgment is made to the E. L. Bruce Co., of Memphis, Tenn., for a grant applied toward the costs of preparing this paper for the printer. SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS, VOL 130, WHOLE VOLUME 2 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 130 LIST OF SUBJECT HEADINGS Anatomy, see Morphology. Arsenic hazard. Bacteria; see also Nutrition. Baits, see Soil poisons. Balance of nature. Bees, stingless, association with. Behavior; see also Biology. Bibliography. Biography. Biology, ecology. Building codes; see also Control, Resistant woods, Wood preservation. Caste determination, intermediates, intercastes. Chemical analysis. Chemical warfare. Cold, see Temperature. Communication. Control, construction, termite-proofing. Courtship. Cytology (cell growth). Damage. Damage to living vegetation. Detection; see also Experimentation, Microphones. Digestion; see also Nutrition, Protozoa. Diseases, human, plant, and termite; see also Parasites. Distribution. Dusts, poison, see Poison dusts. Ecology, see Biology. Electricity, see Detection, Experimentation, Micro- phones. Embryology. Evolution. Experimentation; see also Detection, Microphones. Fire hazard; see also Control. Flight. Folklore. Food, termites as. Fossil. Fumigation. Fungi, association with; see also Rearing. Fungus cultivation. Gaseous environment. Genetics. Genitalia, reproductive or sex organs. Geologic agents. Heat, see Temperature. Hermaphrodites, see Biology. Histology, see Morphology. Humidity. Introduced. Legislation or regulation. Medicine, uses in. Microphones. Migration, see Biology. Moisture, see Biology. Molds, see Nutrition, Parasites. Morphology, Histology (tissue growth). Neoteinia, see Biology. Nests. Nutrition. Obituary. Parasites. Parthenogenesis, see Biology. Phylogeny; see also Evolution, Taxonomy. Physiology, see Biology. Poison dusts. Population. Predators. Protozoa; see also Digestion, Nutrition. Racket. Rearing. Regeneration. Regulation, see Legislation. Repellents, see Soil poisons. Reproductive organs, see Genitalia. Resistant woods. Respiration, see Gaseous environment. Reviews. Rhythm, coordinated. Secretions. Sense organs. Sex organs, see Genitalia. Shields, metal barriers. Soil poisons, baits, repellents. Sound. Spermatogenesis. Stridulation. Superorganism, supraorganism, colony as. Swarm, see Flight. Symbiosis, see Biology, Nutrition, Protozoa, Ter- mitophiles. Tax status of loss, see Damage. Taxonomy. Temperature. Termitophiles. Uses in industry, arts, and religion. Water table. Wood preservation, poisons for fabrics and fiber- boards, insulation, etc. X-ray, see Detection and Experimentation. Zoogeographical regions. Nore.—In the “Index of American Economic Entomology,” under the heading “Termites” and supplementary subject-headings there are many papers not referred to in this bibliography; some are of minor importance, others repetitions. WHOLE VOL. BIBLIOGRAPHY OF TERMITES: SUBJ ECTS—SNYDER 3 SUBJECT HEADINGS (For complete citations see List of Authors and Titles beginning on page 149. References marked with an asterisk are not listed in this publication, but will be found in Snyder’s ‘‘Catalog of the Termites of the World,’ Smithsonian Misc. Coll., vol. 112, 1949.) ANATOMY, See MORPHOLOGY ARSENIC HAZARD ANONYMOUS, 1953k, pp. 42, 44, 46. (Dosages arsenic recommended as safe by USS. Dept. Agriculture.) Hay, H. R., 1939, pp. 126-130. (No hazard from arsene gas. Koro, C. A., 1934, 2d ed., p. 17. (Relation moisture to production arsene.) 1934a, pp. 47-50. (Arsenic not a termite barrier. Korom; C. A., et al. 1934) 2d ed., »p: 582. (Arsenic hazard.) Kororp, C. A., Srouuer, R., and Henoeg, E.C., 1934, 2d ed., pp. 766-771. (Hazard where arsenic used in dwellings.) Kreer, J. G., 1936, pp. 38-40. (No health haz- ard. Snyper, T. E., 1950, pp. 12-14. (No health hazard.) 1952b, pp. 34, 48. (No health hazard when used as soil poison, wallboard poison, or wood preservative.) BACTERIA ANONYMOUS, 1930a, pp. 172-173. (Symbiosis in decomposing cellulose.) Batpaccl, E., in VIsINTIN, I94I-1942, pp. 157- 159, 1941. (Schizomycetes or Protozoa in digestion cellulose?) Batpacci, E., and Verona, O., 1940, pp. 592- 593. (Presence of Cytophaga and Cell- vibrio in digestive systems Reticulitermes lucifugus and Calotermes flavicollis.) Becxwitn, T. D., and Licut, S. F., 1927, pp. 656-657. (Spirals Vibrio and Spiro- chaeta for class use.) BeckwitH, T. D., and Ross, E. J., 1929, p. 4. (Cellulose digestion by organisms from the termite gut.) Bequaert, J., 1925, pp. 289-294. (Two types spirochaetes in intestines Neotermes.) Brugs, C. T., and Dunn, R. C., 1945, pp. 336- 337. (Treatments with penicillin and sulpha drugs indicate bacteroids are sym- biotic in cockroaches and Mastotermes.) Bucuner, P., 1928, pp. 1-64. (Symbiosis and wood nutrition.) Crevetanp, L. R., 1926, pp. 51-60. (Spiro- chaetes in intestines Termitidae digest cellulose.) 1928, pp. 231-237. (U.S., relation of spiro- chaetes to termites and to intestinal Protozoa.) Damon, S. R., 1926, pp. 31-36. (Spirochaetes of termites.) Dickman, A., 1931, pp. 85-92. (Spirochaetes in gut Reticulitermes and Termopsis, true significance not demonstrated, ability in- testinal flora to digest cellulose.) Ercene, S., 1949, pp. 49-70. (Calotermes flavicollis, role bacteria in assimilation and fixation of atmospheric nitrogen.) Guipin1, G. M., 1941, pp. 103-113. (Bacteria do not have prevailing role in digestion of cellulose.) Guipini, G. M., and Arcuettt, I., 1939, pp. 125-140. (The spirochaetes of Reticuli- termes lucifugus.) 1941, pp. 55-62. (The spirochaetes of Italian termites.) GoetscH, W., OrrHaus, K., and Toru, L., 1944, p. 48. (Symbiosis bacteria and termites.) Henperson, J. C., 1941, pp. 357-378. (Bacteria in intestine Cubitermes, Africa. Hirst, L. F., 1933, pp. 47-48. (Ceylon, bac- teria associated with dry-wood termites that might cause sprue.) Horianpe, A. C., 1922, p. 23. (Spirochaetes of termites, process of division, formation of schizoplast.) Huneatst, R. E., 1936, pp. 240-249. (Role bacteria in cellulose decomposition in nutrition of Zootermopsis.) Jinovec, O., 1929, pp. 346-356. (Greece, “Calo- termes” (sic!) lucifugus, bacteria and spirochaetes, cocci and vibrios.) Jucci, C., 1932, pp. 1422-1429. (Bacteriocytes in fatty tissue, symbiotic.) 1952, p. 837. (Bacteriocytes in fatty tis- sue, symbiotic, Masotermes darwiniensis, phylogenesis.) Kirsy, H., Jr., in Kofoid, 1934, 2d ed., pp. OI, 97- 4 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS Kocu, A., 1938, pp. 81-90. (Mycetocytes of Mastotermes identical with those of cock- roaches; absence of symbiotic bacteria in other primitive termites shows loss early in evolution of termites from blattids; life cycle bacteria, during the nymphal stage mycetocytes wander from fat body empty bacteria into egg tubes; later eggs infected from last infected egg-chamber.) 1938a, pp. 584-609. (Intracellular symbiosis bacteria in Mastotermes.) Koro, C. A., 1934, 2d ed., pp. 5, 6. Licut, S. F., in Kofoid, 1934, 2d ed., p. 203. (Number large bacteria in intestines Amz- termes.) VOL. 130 Prrrantont, U., 1936, pp. 135-173. (Bacteria present in large numbers within Protozoa of Calotermes flavicollis and Reticuli- termes lucifugus.) Ranpat, M., and Doopy, T. C., 72 Kofoid, 1934, 2d ed., p. 100. Roserts, J. L., 1935, pp. 229-237. (Bacillus rotans on agar plates streaked with ex- creta termites; young colonies bacteria exhibit rapid migratory mobility or rotary motion when growing on nutrient agar.) Snyper, T. E., 1935¢, p. 82. 1948, p. 97. (Role bacteria and fungi ob- scure. SremnHaus, E, A., 1940, pp. 17-57. (Relation- ships between bacteria and insects.) BAITS, POISON, See SOIL POISONS BALANCE OF NATURE Cory, E. N., 1939, pp. 36-38. (Reticulitermes flavipes an object lesson.) Snyper, T. E., 1925f, p. 32. (Advancing civi- lization changes habits.) 1929d, pp. 143-151. (Advancing civilization changes habits, invasion man’s dwellings due to disturbance balance of nature.) BEES, STINGLESS, Darwin, C. R., 1874, pp. 553-556. (Fr. Miil- ler’s researches on termites and honey bees.) Ducxe, A., 1902, pp. 285-328. dallatorreana, Brazil. InERING, H. von, 1902, p. 23. (Trigona in (Melipona 1935¢, p- 99. (Advancing civilization changes habits, invasion man’s dwellings due to disturbance balance of nature.) 1948, pp. 111-116, 120-121. (Advancing civilization changes habits, invasion man’s dwellings due to disturbance balance of nature, cycles of activity.) ASSOCIATION WITH Mutter, Fr., 1874, pp. 308-309. ScHwarz, H. F., 1948, pp. 14-15, 78, 89, 219, 299-300, 310-312, 326, 333, 337-338, 352, 404, 409, 489, 495-496, 499. (Trigona, tropical America.) Snyper, T. E., 1948, p. 109. (Trigona, Pan- symbiosis in nests.) ama. 1903, pp. 179-287. (Meliponid nests in ter- mite nests.) BEHAVIOR Anprews, E. A., 1911, pp. 193-228. (Jamaica.) Anprews, E. A., and Mippteton, A. R., rgIT, pp. 26-34. (Rhythmic activity in colonies.) Carpenter, G. D. H., 1936, pp. 93-94. (Fe- males dragging males, abdomens of for- mer penetrated by mandibles of latter, during courtship, Tanganyika.) Emerson, A. E., 1929, pp. 24-30. (Social life.) 1933, Pp. 125-129. (Fight between two queens in captivity.) 1933a, p. 61. (Mechanics of tandem be- havior.) 1937, p. 56. (Nests, study of the phylogeny of behavior.) 1938, pp. 247-284. (Nesting habits various families termites.) 1953a, pp. 277-304. (Biological foundations of ethics. Ernst, E., 1952, pp. 257-259. (Amatory pro- cedure, Kalotermes flavicollis.) Futter, C., 1915a, pp. 329-504. (South Africa, calling attitude females Termes on grass stems.) Goetscu, W., 1936b (1935), pp. 51-61. (Ex- periments in behavior. GRABENSBERGER, W., 1933, Pp. 1-54. (Reticuli- termes lucifugus.) Grassk, P. P., 1939b, pp. 251-262. (Soldier caste.) 1952€, Pp. 323-331. (Observations on be- havior. WHOLE VOL. Grassé, P. P., and Norror, C., 1951, pp. 146- 166. (Anoplotermes and Trinervitermes.) Hineston, R. W. G., 1928, pp. 717-725. (Spe- cial senses, foraging Eutermes biformis.) Imus, A. D., 1931, pp. 67-82. (Social be- havior.) Katsuoven, L. G. E., 1935, pp. 21-22. (Odor swarming Schedorhinotermes javanicus, habits.) Koenic, J. G., 1779, pp. 1-28. Kororp, C. A., 1934, 2d ed., pp. 8-12. Koro, C. A., et al., 1934, 2d ed., pp. 1-734. Liscuer, M., 1949, pp. 161-165. (Continuous laboratory observations.) 1951b, pp. 404-408. (Determination substi- tute reproductives, Calotermes flavicollis.) 1952, pp. 123-141. (Production and elimina- tion substitute reproductives, C. flavi- collis.) 1953, pp. 74-76, 78. (Reproductives.) MicuHener, C. D., 1953, pp. 1-15. (Develop- ment social behavior and communica- tion.) Mutter, E. M., 1940, pp. 136-147. (Chemical integrative mechanisms in insect socie- ties.) Myers, J. G., 1938, pp. 7-8. (Epigamic be- havior Microtermes sudanensis, biting fe- male during courtship.) BIBLIOGRAPHY OF TERMITES: SUBJ ECTS—-SNYDER 5 Ricuarp, G., 1948, pp. 356-357. (Calotermes flavicollis, mature nymphs photopositive, immature photonegative.) 1949b, pp. 67-73. (Phototropism.) 1951, pp. 485-603. (Phototropism, C. flavi- collis. Roserts, T. W., 1942, pp. 340-412. cal activities.) ScHneirLa, T. C. 1944, pp. 1-5. (South-cen- tral Florida, colonies of as many as 4 to 5 ant species found together with termites, apparently in “plesiobiosis,” nesting to- gether in a single dead pine in flooded ground—approaching symbiosis.) Snyper, T. E., 1915, p. 49. (Amatory pro- cedure.) 1924c, pp. 1-14. (Adaptions to social life.) 1935C, pp. 4-5. (Tropisms, reversal during and after swarm.) 1948, pp. 53-54. (Tropisms, reversal during and after swarm, amatory procedure.) Snyper, T. E., and Popenog, E. P., pp. 153- 158. (Founding new colonies Reticuli- termes flavipes, US.) Wess, J. E., 1952a, p. 643. (Swarming be- havior.) 1953, pp. 23-24. (Swarming behavior.) (Ecologi- BIBLIOGRAPHY Buenion, E., 1914c, pp. 1-8. (Bugnion bib- liography.) Griffin, F, J., 1951, pp. 261-368. (1758-1949, covers world.) Hacen, H. A., 1849, pp. 27-30. (New litera- ture on Neuroptera.) 1855*, pp. 1-144, 270-325. (Covers world.) Hecu, E., 1922, pp. 715-748. (Covers world.) Koro, C. A., et al., 1934, 2d ed., pp. 772-781. (Covers world.) Luicion1, S. O. P., 1931, pp. 493-508. (E. Wasmann bibliography.) Snyper, T. E., 1949b, pp. 458-490. (Taxo- nomic bibliography, living and fossil ter- 1862b, pp. 342-343. (Covers world.) mites.) BIOGRAPHY Griffin, F. J., 1942, pp. 1-19. (Henry Smeath- man.) BIOLOGY Assott, R. L., 1947, pp. 88-90. (Habits ; Attson, A. M., 1933, pp. 33-37- (Rhodesia, soldier.) Apamson, A. M., 1941, pp. 411-414. (Cages for study habits.) Avsarpa, H., 1886, pp. 13-14. (Termes gilvus.) Avsertis, L. M. D’., 1881, p. 229. (New Guinea.) armen WC... et ial, (Ecology.) 1949, pp. 716-727. association ‘termites and dipterous larvae in tree holes.) Anprews, E, A., 1911, pp. 193-228. (Jamaica, Eutermes ripperti, rate of locomotion I5 mm, per second; tubes built of vege- table fiber and sand cemented with anal discharges, 1 ft. of destroyed tube can be replaced over night. Soldiers ratio to 6 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS worker 9 to 1; 4 queens to 1 or 2 males. Respiratory needs slight. Hostility to alien termites.) ANNANDALE, N., 1923, pp. 233-251. (Barkuda, India.) ANonyMous, 1766, p. 395. 1863-1870, pp. 737-743, 753-759, 769-774, 785-791, 801-807, 817-820; 1870, pp. 556- 558. 1863a, Pp. 94-95. 1877, Pp. 51-52. 1894, p. 140. (Termes taprobanes.) 1900, pp. 170-177. 1907, p. 26123. (Australia.) 1919, p. 873. (India.) 1929, p. 277. (India.) 1934, p. 16. (Indiana.) 1935, p. 178. (Number castes in mound nest in Australia: 1,561,400 workers, 201,- ooo soldiers, 44,100 nymphs.) 1945, pp. 1-14. (Cawnpore, India.) 1950, pp. 1-4. (Australia.) 1950a, pp. 1-43. (South Africa.) 1950c, p. 16. (Difference between ants and termites.) Bacot, A., 1900, p. 309. Baker, E. C. S., 1931, pp. 34-37. (Nesting association between birds, wasps, and ants, Orient.) Banks, N., and Snyper, T. E., 2205. US») Barser, H. G., 1914, p. 73. (U.S., finding of another queen.) Barrow, Sir JouHN, 1801, pp. 74-401. Africa.) Bates, H. W., 1854, p. 333. (Natural history.) 1855-1858, zn Hagen, pp. 270-287. (Ama- zon. 1864, p. 128. (Amazon, copulation on ground not in midair.) BATHELLIER, J., 1922, pp. 477-479. (Role of soldier of Eutermes matangensis.) 1923, PP. 403-409. (Nest of Eutermes ma- tangensis with nest of Microtermes.) 1927. (Macrotermes gilvus, pp. 258-269; Eutermes matangensis, pp. 279-293.) 1942, pp. 181-182. (Neoteinic reproductives of Reticulitermes lucifugus survived in laboratory while normal forms died.) BEALL, G., 1931, pp. 33-35. (Habits Termopsis angusticollis, T. nevadensis, and Reticuli- termes hesperus in British Columbia.) Beatty, J., 1953, pp. 20-22. (1951 flood at Kansas City submerged termites for 7 days, were not killed.) Becker, G., 1952, pp. 270-273. (Copulation Calotermes flavicollis.) 1920*, pp. 87- (South Besse, W., 1916, pp. 114, 116. (Termites in jungle debris.) BeEson, C. F. C., 1941a, pp. 524-553. (India, vernacular names; queen lays 30,000 eggs per day—roo million eggs in 10 years, queen 2 to 4 in. long, 20,000 times vol- ume of worker; Cyclotermes does not have supplementary queens, if royal pair removed, colony may not extend to 9 months. Normal colony may persist for 12 years. Dates swarming, winged Neo- termes and Glyptotermes may take 7 to 4 years to develop.) Brum, H. W., 1950, pp. 3-7. Bett, T., 1873, pp. 142-143. (Nicaragua, sud- den death termites in nests in roof of house in June.) Bequaert, J., 1913, Pp. 396-431. Africa. 1921, pp. 194-196. (Congo, Africa, 3 queens in royal cell, 3 in. long.) 1925, pp. 289-294. (Amazon.) BEQuaERT, J., et al., 1926, pp. 129-183. (Ama- zon.) 1930, pp. 819-823. (Liberia and Belgian Congo. Bere, C., 1880, pp. 1-16. (Argentine.) BERNARD, F., 1954, pp. 104-111. (Sahara desert, role termites.) Berrziecu-Beta, H., 1860, pp. 244-245, 260- 262. Busine, S. W., 1954, pp. 48, 56. (General.) 1954a, pp. 30, 32. (General.) BLackBurn, T., 1884, p. 413. (Hawaii.) Brake, C. H., 1937, pp. 3-9. (Reticulitermes flavipes, New England.) Bianprorp, W. F, H., 1897, pp. 517-518. (So- cial system, India. 1898, pp. 529-532. (Social system, India.) Buizporp, P. A., 1941, pp. 49-52. (Migration queens, Netherlands Indies.) Bérscue, N., 1931, p. 79. (Termite state.) Borror, D. J., and DeLone, D. M., 1954, pp. 143-150. (General.) Bouvier, E. L., 1918, p. 299. (Superorganism.) 1926, p. 291. (Communism.) Braptey, J. C., 1919, pp. 356-377; 403- oe 514-526. (Localities where Prof. W Wheeler collected termites.) BranneRr, J. C., 1910, pp. 24-25. (Luminosity of termites.) 1g10a, p. 342. (Luminosity of termites.) Bren, A. E., 1853-1855. (North East Africa, 1847-1852.) 1884, pp. 522-534. 1892, pp. 560-573. (Congo, VOL. 130. | | | WHOLE VOL. Brown, A. A., 1936, pp. 1-46. (California, Zootermopsis moisture requirements 220 (waterlogged) to 13.35%.) Brown, W. G., 1806, pp. 206, 303. (Africa, 1792-1798.) Bruce, J., 1790, p. 167. (Nile, Africa, 1768- 1773-) Bryan, W. A., 1915, pp. 402, 425. (Hawaii.) Bucuui, H. H. R. 1950, pp. 1697-1699. (Parthenogenesis, relation between sexes and their influence on oviposition, in Re- ticulitermes lucifugus.) 1950a, pp. 145-160. (Foundation new colo- nies, Reticulitermes lucifugus, swarming not necessary, feed on wood while rearing first brood.) Bucktey, S. B., 1863*, pp. 212-215. (Termes tubiformans and Eutermes cinereus, SW. Texas.) Buenion, E., 1909, pp. 509-511. (Eutermes monoceros, Ceylon. IQI0, pp. 271-281. (Eutermes monoceros, Ceylon.) 1gI0a, pp. 129-144. (Industry, Ceylon.) 1giob, pp. 103-105. (Ceylon.) 1913b, pp. 119-123. (Ceylon, Eutermes monoceros.) IQ13C, pp. 125-135. (Sound production.) 1913f, pp. 24-58. (Ceylon, distribution.) 1914b, pp. 170-204. (Ceylon.) 1917, pp. 1-9. (Instructions for collecting termites.) 1920, pp. 49-51. (Reticulitermes lucifugus in the Pyrenees.) 1927, pp. 1-44. (Origin of instinct, war be- tween ants and termites.) 1933, Pp. 195-206. (Eutermes monoceros, Ceylon.) Buenion, E., and Ferrizre, C., 1911, pp. 417- 437. (Eutermes monoceros, Ceylon. Ig1ta, pp. 97-106. (Ceylon, Coptotermes flavus neoteinic female.) Buenion, E., Pororr, N., and Ferrrtkre, C., 1911, pp. 86-96. (Termes ceylonicus.) BurcuEL1, W. J., 1822, pp. 446, 448. (South- ern Africa.) BurcrEon, L., 1931, pp. 100-113. Congo.) 1938, p. 104. natalensis, termes.) ButTEL-REEPEN, H. von, 1912, pp. 97-103. (Ceylon.) Caitiiaup, F., 1823, p. 398. (Africa, 1819- 1822.) Catuior, J., 1877, pp. 392-397. (South Ameri- can termite. (Belgian (Belgian Congo, Termes Acanthotermes, and Cubi- BIBLIOGRAPHY OF TERMITES: SUBJ ECTS—-SNYDER 7 CatvertT, A. S., and Catvert, P. P., 1917, pp. 269, 292, 204, 304, 370, 372, 403, 424, 454. (Costa Rica.) Caron, P. G., 1918, pp. 58-61. (Cuba.) Cart, J., 1933, pp. 97-100. (Woody, sub- spherical mass in nest; purpose, food?) Carpenter, G. D. H., 1936, pp. 93-94. (Tan- ganyika Terr., courtship, females drag- ging males, abdomen of former being penetrated by mandibles of latter.) Carter, A., 1949, pp. 2-5. (U.S., undercover insect.) Casati, G., 1891, p. 165. (Equatorial Africa, destroy queen and destroy colony.) CastLz, G. B., 72 Kofoid, 1934, 2d ed., 273- 291. (Zootermopsis, North America.) Cuaittu, DuP., 1868, p. 314. (Equatorial Africa.) 1871, pp. 115-142. (Apingi.) Cuaing, J., 1913a, pp. 650-653. (Foundation colonies by winged and supplementary reproductives in suitable “island” environ- mental areas.) CuapmMan, A., 1921, pp. 330-335. (Sudan.) CueErVINsKy, K. K., 1897a, pp. 199-202. Cuoparp, L., 1951, pp. 1-359. (General.) CraMpo.inI, M., 1954, pp. 291-300. (Tuscany, biology and damage to living woody shrubs or trees.) Cipriani, L., 1932, pp. 126-131. (Rhodesia.) Ciark, A. H., 1925, pp. 53, 67, 75-77, 105. (General.) CLEcHoRN, J., 1896, pp. 527-533. (Orissa, India, queens 4 in. long, % in. in diame- ter, substitute queens.) CLEMENT, G., 1953, pp. 95-116. (Polymorph- ism Psammotermes hybostoma.) 1954, pp. 194-198. (Anacanthotermes ochra- ceus, Sahara, nests, chambers, variation in temperatures. ) Crements, W. B., 1953, p. 28. (U.S., multi- ple tunnels subterranean termites.) Coaton, W. G. H., 1937, pp. 249-252. (South Africa, Hodotermes. 1943, pp. 346-350. (South Africa, Hodo- termes. 1947, pp. 130-177. (South Africa, keys based on nesting habits.) 1948, pp. 1-19. (South Africa, Trinervt- termes. 1948a, pp. 97-108. (South Africa, harvester termites, 1948b, pp. 1-18. (South Africa, Crypto- termes brevis.) 1948c, pp. 259-267. (South Africa, Hodo- termes, harvester.) 1948d, pp. 1-38. (South Africa, Hodo- termes, Microhodotermes, harvester.) 8 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS 1949b, pp. 13-77. (South Africa, Hodo- termitidae and Kalotermitidae.) Comes, S., 1905, pp. 199-202. (Reticulitermes lucifugus, France.) Comstock, J. H., 1880, pp. 207-208. flavipes, US.) 1924, pp. 273-280. (R. flavipes, U.S. and general; gth rev. ed. 1940.) Comstock, J. H., and Comstock, A. B., 1895, pp. 95-97. (T. flavipes, U.S. and general.) Corsett, G. H., and Mitter, N. C. E., 1936, pp. 1-12. (T. javanicus and Microtermes pallidus in Malaya.) CorneEttus, C., 1857, pp. 20-44. Cory, E. N., 1948, pp. 1-4. (Social insects are totalitarian.) Cosar, H. G., 1934, pp. 5-36. (Africa, by regions, 500 species, Sjostedt, 1925.) Costa Lrma, A. DA, 1939, pp. 263-327. (Bra- zil.) Corrs, E. C., 1894, p. 140. (Termes tapro- banes forms figured, India.) CoupENHovE, H., 1922, p. 324. Coupin, H., 1913, pp. 321-322. termes lucifugus, France.) Crorx, E. pe La, 1900, pp. 22-23. (Termes carbonarius.) Cunna, O. R., 1927, pp. 223-228. (Brazil.) CzeErvinskI, K. K. See Cuervinsky, K. K. CE: (Reticult- DAMMERMAN, K. W., 1913a, pp. 230-243. (Java.) Dance, C. D., 1881, pp. 159-161. (British Guiana.) Decranppré, L., 1801, p. 19 (West Coast Africa.) DeEvLaMarE-DEBOUTTEVILLE, C., 1948b, pp. 347- 352. (Habits of Zorotypus and relation to termites.) 1954, pp. 129-133. (Habits of Zorotypus, relation to termites.) Derapiane, W. K., 1953, pp. 39-40. (US., subterranean termites infesting building without ground contact—water leak.) Deoras, P. J., 1945, p. 107. (Poona, India.) D’Escayac, pE Lauture, 1853, pp. 85, 352. (Sudan.) Desneux, J., 1906, pp. 393-407. (General.) 1918*, pp. 298-312. (Africa, Apicotermes nest. 1923. (Social life, general habits, pp. 135- 142; Foundation colonies by winged, pp. 17-24.) 1948, pp. 1-54. (Subterranean nests Apico- termes, tropical Africa.) Dietz, H. F., and Snyper, T. E., 1924, pp. 279-302. (Panama and Canal Zone, nests, flights.) VOL. 130 Dover, C., and Matuovr, R. N., 1934, pp. 1-20. (Indian wood-destroying termites.) Dun ey, P. H., and Beaumont, J., 1889*, pp. 85-114. (Panama.) 1889a*, pp. 56-70, 111-112. (Eutermes, Calo- termes, Panama.) 1890*, pp. 157-180. (Nasutitermes; how to distinguish genera by nests and galleries in wood, Panama, p. 158.) 1890a*, pp. 102-118. (Panama; new genus Milesnasitermes, synonym Eutermes, p. 109.) Dumiéri, C., 1828, pp. 173-180. (General.) Duncan, C. D., 1939. (California, science guide for elementary schools.) Du Piessis, C., 1931a, pp. 1-7. (South Africa.) 1935, PP. 423-425. (South Africa.) Duranb, J. B. L., 1802, pp. 89, 117. (Senegal.) Epwarps, W. H., 1938, pp. 7-24. (Jamaica.) Enruorn, E. M., in Kofoid, 1934, 2d ed., Pp. 321-333. (Hawaii.) Emerson, A. E., 1919, p. 275. (Kartabo, British Guiana. 1926, pp. 69-100. (Development soldier Constrictotermes cavifrons, British Gui- ana, from workerlike form, smaller form with larger frontal gland; radical changes in structure and habits during meta- morphosis. Improbable that these two sterile castes had separate phylogenetic origins from sexual caste. Worker of higher termites has evolved from nymph of soldier caste.) 1929, pp. 24-30. (Social life.) 1937, p. 56. (Nests, phylogeny of behavior.) 1937b, pp. 249-254. (Social organization.) 1938, pp. 247-284. (Nests, phylogeny of behavior.) 1939, pp. 182-209. (Social coordination and the superorganism.) 1942a, pp. 163-176. (Basic comparisons human and insect societies.) 1942b, pp. 71-77 1943, pp. 97-118. (Ecology, evolution, and society. 1947, Pp. 337-345. (Why termites? Popu- ations undergo evolution guided by natural selection to supraorganisms.) Emerson, A. E., in Allee et al., 1949. (Rate egg laying, p. 272; general, pp. 420-426, 635, 645-646, 692, 701.) 1951, pp. 149-160. (Belgian Congo.) 1952, pp. 217-235. (Biogeography.) 1952a, pp. 333-354. (Supraorganism.) 1952b, pp. 489, 510. (Procornitermes and Cornitermes.) Emerson, A. E., and Fis, E., 1937, pp. 1-127. (General.) | } } ) | WHOLE VOL. Emery, C., 1893, pp. 758-766. (Résumé of Grassi and Sandias, 1893-1894.) Escuericu, K., 1908, pp. 513-518. (General, tropical, nests, cultivation fungi, different types soldiers.) 1908a, pp. 247-248. (Erythraea.) 1909, pp. xii+198. (General.) 1909a, pp. 1-5. (Colony life.) 1909b, pp. 136-318. (Tropics.) 1909¢, pp. 16-27. (Tropics, fungus culti- vators.) 1910, pp. 199-201. (General.) IQII*, pp. Xxxii-+262. (Ceylon.) Essic, E. O., 1926, pp. 112-119. (Western US.) 1931, pp. 96-97. (Western U.S.) 1942, pp. 159-173. (World.) Puner, W. F., 1953, p.' 52: (U-S.) 2/4-in. length of shelter tube repaired by Re- ticulitermes in 1 hr. and 5 min.) Fasricius, J. C., 1775, pp. 177-180. differentiation.) Famcuizp, D., 1922, pp. 131-145. (Panama.) Faircuitp, D. G., and Faircuip, M., 1914, pp. 210-211. (Termes flavipes habits, USS., soldier figured.) Fennan, R. G., 1951, pp. 97-113. (Trinidad and Tobago.) Fenton, F. A., 1952, p. 16. (Termes belli- cosus queen lays 30,000 eggs per day, 10 million per year, 100 million in the average 10-year life period of queen.) FerriErE, C., 1923, pp. 279-280. (Ceylon.) Frytaup, J., 1910, pp. 842-844. (Reticuli- termes lucifugus, France, foundation colo- nies by winged.) IQII, pp. 150-160. (Reticulitermes lucifu- gus, France.) 1912, pp. 481-607. (Reticulitermes lucifu- gus, France, foundation colonies by winged.) 1914, pp. 5-8, 41-46, 144-149. (France.) 1915, pp. 65-68, 82-84. (Reticulitermes lucifugus, flights.) 1920, pp. 1287-1288. (Reticulitermes lucifu- gus, king and queen.) 1920a, pp. 203-206. (Reticulitermes lucifu- gus, reproductive forms, young colonies.) 1920c, pp. 160-164. (Reticulitermes lucifu- gus, reproductive forms.) 1921, pp. 1-135. (Reticulitermes lucifugus, social habits.) 1924a, pp. 550-551. (Reticulitermes lucifu- gus, France. 1925*, pp. 161-169. (Reticulitermes lucifu- gus, races of.) 1946, pp. 1-128. (General.) 1949, pp. 1-128. (General.) (Sex BIBLIOGRAPHY OF TERMITES: SUBJ ECTS—-SNYDER 9 1949b, pp. 287-289. (General.) 1950, pp. 380-381. (Reticulitermes of France. (Neoteinic reproductive forms in Italy, macropterous reproductives de- rived from winged normal in France; R. flavipes, subsp. or var. santonensis con- fused under R. lucifugus.) 1951a, pp. 562-564. (Construction of a subterranean nest.) 1953, pp. 1-158. (General, especially Re- ticulitermes, France.) Fretcuer, T. B., 1912, pp. 219-239. (India.) 1914, pp. 8, 18, 50, 139-140, 541. (India.) Foa, E., 1895, pp. 651-653. (South Africa.) Forsom, J. W., 1909, pp. 316-321. (General.) Forses, H. O., 1885, pp. 1-536. (Eastern Archipelago.) Forses, S. A., 1895, pp. 190-204. (Illinois, Us.) Foret, A., 1887, pp. 297-300. (T. bellicosus in Transvaal.) 1928, appendix. (Social life.) Forskat, P., 1775, p. 96. (Orient.) Foxworth, F. E., and Wootry, H. W., 1930, pp. 1-60. (Malaya.) Freise, F., 1949, pp. 145-154. (Significance in tropical forests, Brazil.) FreissE, F, W., 1940, pp. 49-50. forest, tropical Brazil. Froceatt, W. W., 1895*, pp. 415-538. (Aus- tralia, nests, 10 supplementary queens from one nest.) 1896*, pp. 510-552. (Australia, protective fluid soldiers Eutermes.) 1897, pp. 297-302. (Australia.) 1897a*, pp. 721-758. (Australia, Termi- tidae.) 1903, pp. 726-730. (Australia, white ant city, mound nests, queens, defense colony by soldiers.) 1913, pp. 1-46. (Australia.) 1926a, pp. 318-320. (Australia, Porotermes adamsoni, in hoop pine.) Futtaway, D. T., 1920a, p. 249. (Hawaii, small colony Cryptotermes with laying queen.) 1921, pp. 456-457. (Cryptotermes brevis in Hawaii. 1925, p. 19. (Notes on Cryptotermes and Coptotermes in Hilo, Hawaii.) 1926, pp. 68-88. (Hawaii.) 1927, pp. 170-176. (Hawaii.) 1929, pp. 79-80, 82-92. (Hawaii.) 1929b, pp. 205, 210. (Hawaii, Kauai, Copto- termes. 1931, p. 8. (Cryptotermes and Coptotermes on Lanai, Hawaii.) (Role in Io SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS Furter, C., 1912a, pp. 345-369, 543-571. (Natal, South Africa.) 1915, pp. 60-64. (Termite economy, South Africa. 1915a, pp. 329-504. (South Africa, court- ship.) 1918, pp. 16-20. termites.) 1919a, pp. 301-303. (South Africa, harvest- ing termites.) 1921, pp. 462-466, 142-147. (South Africa.) 1921a, pp. 101-103. (South Africa.) 1921-1922, pp. 14-52, 70-131. (South Africa.) (South Africa, ants and 1925, pp. 269-276. (Zululand, South Africa.) Gatrinara, S., 1953, pp. 30, 32-34. (Ter- mites. ) Gay, F. J., 1952, pp. 127-128. (A rare in- tercaste in Mucrocerotermes serratus (Frogg.), Australia.) Geicy, R., and Ernst, E., 1951, pp. 414-420. (Kalotermes flavicollis, gradual increase in length life individuals raised under increasing humidity. Reticulitermes lu- cifugus and Nasutitermes arborum? in- dividuals showed significant increase in length life only at 70% R. H. or higher. Nasutitermes workers more resistant when with soldiers than when isolated. K. flavicollis showed greater resistance to drying than other species. Results cor- related with humidity normal habitats.) Geyer, J. W. C., 1950, pp. 106-107. (Her- maphrodites, Neotermes zuluensis, South Africa.) 1951, PP. 233-325. (Neotermes, South Af- rica, hermaphrodites i in termites, oocytes and spermatozoa in testes reproductives but not in soldiers.) Guipint, G. M., 1937*, pp. 633-635. (R. lu- cifugus metamorphosis. 1938, pp. 95-109. (R. lucifugus meta- morphosis nymph soldier.) 1938a, pp. 25-36. (R. lucifugus metamorpho- sis apterous neoteinic reproductives.) GoEtiner, E. J., 1931*, pp. 227-234. (Reticu- litermes, Chicago area. Gésswatp, K., 1943, pp. 297-316. (Colony development in laboratory.) 1951, pp. 587-589. (General.) 1954, pp. 59-65. (The termite state.) GoertscH, W., 1933*, pp. 227-244. (Calo- termes, Chile. 1936, pp. 490-560. (Calotermes, Chile, and Calotermes flavicollis from Mediterra- nean, C. gracilignathus, from Juan Fer- nandez and Reticulitermes lucifugus from Mediterranean. Artificial colonies, glass VOL. 130 vials, cork stoppers. No dealation if no flight. C. flavicollis all castes, including substitute reproductives, appeared within 9 months. Over old paths follow straight path, smell trail. C. chilensis utilizes ground.) 1936a, pp. 371-376. (Termite state.) 1936b, pp. 51-61. (Experiments in be- havior.) 1941a, pp. 194-195. (Colony formation, sub- stitute reproductives in Calotermes flavt- collis can replace primary pair.) 1942, pp. 3-10. (Termite state.) 1951, pp. 64-98. (Italy, Kalotermes, Re- ticulitermes.) 1953, pp. 1-482. (General.) Goipperry, S. M. X., 1802, pp. (Africa.) Goopman, A., 1950, pp. 323-325. GouneLte, E., 1900, pp. 168-169. (American termites. ) GrapojEvic, M., 1929, pp. 1-16. (Reticuli- termes lucifugus, southern Serbia.) Grassk, P. P., 1937, pp. 1677-1679. (Aberrant spermatogenesis, Metatermitidae.) 1938a, pp. 195-196. (False nests of Anoplo- termes on Ivory Coast.) 1945, pp. 115-141. (Bellicositermes natalen- sis, No intraspecific hostility observed on introduction new queens to royal cham- ber, peristaltic movements in old queens ensure efficient circulation.) 1949, pp. 408-544. (General, nests; colonies Kalotermitidae 12 to 15 years old; Macro- termes 85, Nasutitermes 93; reproductives may change during this time.) 1952, pp. 32-43. (Effect of the group.) 1952d, pp. 7-17. (Physiology of societies.) GrassE, P. P., and BonneEvILtE, P., 1935, pp. 127-149. 289-291. (Nonutilized sexed, Protermi- tidae.) 1935a, pp. 474-491. (Nonutilized sexed, Protermitidae.) 1936, p. 1009-1010. (Spermatogenesis (aber- rant) Bellicositermes natalensis.) Grassé, P. P., and Norrot, C., 1948, pp. 735- 73 (Habits Apicotermes arquieri, Nn. ioe: pp. 781-783. (Foundation colonies.) 1949, pp. 149-166. (Nest and_ biology Sphaerotermes sphaerothorax.) 1950, pp. 117-143. (Habits Odontotermes magdalenae, n. sp.) 1951, pp. 146-166. (Migration, splitting up and foundation colonies Anoplotermes and Trinervitermes.) 1951a, pp. 273-280. (Orientation of courses of Odontotermes magdalenae detected by WHOLE VOL. pellets of earth, while the trail of Trz- nervitermes is marked by excrement; role of odor in repairing trails.) 1952, pp. 291-342. (Macrotermitinae, fun- gus growers.) 1955, Pp. 345-388. (Africa, Apicotermes arquiert. Grass£, P. P., Norrot, C., Clement, G., and Bucuut, H., 1950, pp. 892-895. (Signifi- cance of the worker caste. Grasst, B., 1887, pp. 75-80. (Calotermes flavicollis.) 1888, pp. 139-147. (Substitute reproduc- tives. 1888a, p. 63. (Substitute reproductives.) 1888b, pp. 615-618. (Substitute reproduc- tives.) 1889, pp. 213-219, 229. (Substitute reproduc- tives colony formation, Catania, Sicily.) 1892, pp. 33-36. (Colony life.) Grassi, B., and Axot, A., 1885, p. 148. (Calo- termes flavicollis, Sicily.) Grassi, B., and Sanpias, A., 1893, pp. 1-76. (T. lucifugus, Sicily, no true queen, al- though occurs in colonies in France.) 1896, pp. 245-322. (Sicily.) 1897, pp. 1-75. (Transl. by W. F. H. Bland- ford 1893 paper, Calotermes flavicollis and T. lucifugus, Catania, Sicily.) Green, E. A., 1908, pp. 75-82. (Ceylon.) 1913, pp. 7-15. (Ceylon, list species.) Grécorr®, C., 1953, pp. 391-393. (Coagulation of hemdlymphe of Eutermes?) 1954, pp. 117-119. (Coagulation of heméd- lymphe of Kalotermes flavicollis and Reticulitermes lucifugus.) Grieve, R., 1900, pp. 1-11. (Queensland.) Guentuer, K., 1913, pp. 220-223. (Ceylon.) GueERIN-MENEVILLE, F. E., 1842, pp. 278-279. 1844, Pp. 392-393. Gunoiacu, J., 1886, pp. 204-208. (Cuba.) 1894, p. 264. (Puerto Rico.) Gunn, J. W., 1946, p. 62. (California, U.S.) Gupta, S. D., 1953a, pp. 705-712. (Odonto- termes obesus, India, deserted royal cham- bers, directional position queen, size queen relative to mound size.) Haarer, A. E., 1953, pp. 158-161. (Habits colony. Hacen, H. A., 1852, pp. 53-75. 1855*, pp. 1-144, 270-325. (General, ref- erences. 1858*, pp. 4-342. (Calotermes flavicollis, pp. 54-61.) 1862a, pp. 218-220. 1876, p. 62. (Queen, T. flavipes, Florida.) 1877, p. 73. (California.) 1879a, pp. 121-124. (Jamaica.) BIBLIOGRAPHY OF TERMITES: SUB) ECTS—-SNYDER II 1889, pp. 203-208. (Female Eutermes rip- perti.) Hacen, W. von, 1937, pp. 255-259. (Queen, organization and habits, Ecuador.) 1938, pp. 39-49. (Nasutitermes.) 1942, pp. 489-498, 29-41. (General.) Hanouirscu, A., 1926, pp. 1-218. (Social in- sects, general. 1930, pp. 840-858. (Social insects, general.) 1939, pp. 1-240. (Fossil.) HanpscuHin, E., 1933, pp. 384-385. (Mixed colonies, association apparently by suc- cession.) Harms, J. W., 1927, pp. 221-236. (Macro- termes gilvus, colony formation, swarm- ing not correlated with rainy season, after sunset, during or after rainfall; dispersal prevents inbreeding, sexes males 55%, fe- males 45%. Copulation follows 1 month after pairing, lasts 6 min., first eggs 6 days later, first few eaten, later eggs hatch in 8 to 10 days. Volvaria mycelium may be in earth, cultured. In colony where no king or queen eggs appear after 3 weeks, doubt as to type of replacement reproductives.) Harpers Famiry Liprary, 1831, pp. 145-161, 150-151. (Africa, queen 20 or 30 thou- sand times the bulk of a worker.) Harris, W. V., 1936*, pp. 361-368. (Tan- ganyika.) 1940, pp. 62-66. (East Africa, grassland termites. ) 1941, pp. 201-205. (East Africa, grassland termites.) Hartine, P., 1874, pp. 57-58. (After F. Miil- ler, 1874.) Harvey, P. A., 1934, in Kofoid, 2d ed., pp. 217-233, 239-265. (Kalotermes minor, California.) Haurt, H., 1929, pp. 41-73. (Insect and hu- man states compared on basis Maeter- linck’s “Life of termites.”) Havitanp, G. D., 1894, p. viii. (Finding of royal cell in nest.) 1897-1898, pp. 358-442. Haviranp, G. D., and Suarp, D., 1896, pp. 589-594. (Termites in captivity in Eng- and.) Hazetuorf, E. H., 1927, pp. 57-82. (T. gilvus, Java, number kings and queens in colo- nies.) Heatu, H., 1903, pp. 44, 47-63. (Termopsis, California. 1907, pp. 161-164. (Longevity of castes Termopsis angusticollis, California.) 1928, pp. 324-326. (Fertile soldiers, Ter- mopsis, California.) Iz SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS 1931, Pp. 431-432. (Experiments in caste development. Heatu, H., and Wizzvr, B. C., 1927, pp. 145- 154. (California, Termopsis, only soldier caste developed in first 3 to 4 years or until a population of approx. 450. Young all alike at time of hatching, adult soldier in 6th instar.) Hecu, E., 1922, pp. 1-756. (World, general.) Hesse, R., ALLEE, W. C., and Scum, K. P., 1937. (Approx. 1,600 species in Tropics and sub-Tropics, p. 109; Tropics, 402; rain forests, 431; burrowing habits, nests, savannahs, 466; open lands, feed on grass, nests 9 m. in height, 460; Africa.) Herrick, L. A., 1953, pp. 31-33. (Reticuli- termes flavipes, U.S.) Gisson-Hnt, C. A., 1947, pp. 56-57. (Singa- pore, Eutermes, Coptotermes.) 1950, pp. 149-165. (Kalotermes and Pro- rhinotermes Cocos-Keeling Island.) Hurt, G., 1921, pp. 1-26. (North Australia.) 1925*, pp. 85-91. (Victoria.) 1925a, pp. 119-124. (Mastotermes dar- winiensis eggs laid in masses loosely cemented together—as in roaches, Aus- tralia.) 1927*, pp. 1-18. (Samoa, Prorhinotermes, apterous, brachypterous reproductives.) 1932, pp. 1-28. (Southeastern Australia.) 1942*, pp. 1-479. (General, Australia and Papuan region. Hn, J. E., 1946, p. 279. (Shelter tubes.) Hincstron, R. W. G., 1928, pp. 717-725. (India, Eutermes biformis, superficial excavation few inches deep, nurseries for young. Soldiers remain outside, when nest disturbed, for defense. Workers ac- companied by soldiers make foraging ex- peditions in monsoon evenings.) Hormeren, N., 1906*, pp. 521-676. (1 true king to 100 substitute queens, Armi- termes neotenicus, p. 574, Bolivia, Peru.) 1908, pp. 125-128. (Inbreeding.) 1909*, pp. 190-203. (Exudate theory, cause caste differentiation.) Hotway, R. T., 1941, pp. 19-23. built in a day.) 1941a, pp. 389-394. (Tube building by Re- ticulitermes flavipes, New England, tubes rarely constructed upward over walls in open, in East majority constructed down- ward.) Hooker, J. D., 1855, p. 18. (Himalayan.) Horne, C., 1871, pp. 1-5. Howarp, L. O., 1902, p. 5. (Reticulitermes flavipes, true queen will be found in US.) (Tunnel VOL. 130 1903, pp. 353-360. (General.) 1931, p. 59. (Diet cellulose.) Hozawa, S., 1915*, pp. 1-161. Formosa.) Hussarp, H. G., 1877, pp. 267-274. (Mandib- ulate soldiers (Heterotermes) in nests of Eutermes, Jamaica.) ; Hupson, G. V., 1892, pp. 107-108. (New Zealand, Stolotermes ruficeps.) 1904, pp. x +102. (New Zealand.) Huneate, R. E., 1943a, pp. 56-58. Hunt, E. H., 1910, p. 268-269. (Kuala Lum- pur, queen Termes carbonarius 3 in. long, Termes sulphureus 1% in. long.) Hux.ey, J., 1930, pp. 1-80. (Stresses funda- mental differences between societies ants, termites, and man.) TnEr1nc, H. von, 1887*, pp. 1-4. (Brazil, alternation generations.) 1887a*, pp. 179-182. (Brazil, alternation generations, substitute queens of no im- portance.) Imms, A. D., 1913, p. 241. (Archotermopsis wroughtoni.) 1919, pp. 75-180. (Archotermopsis wrough- toni. 1925, pp. 249-276. (General.) 1930. (General, rev. 1925.) 1934, Pp. 265-292. (General, rev. 1925.) 1931, pp. 1-117. (Social behavior.) 1951, Pp. 33, 291-292, 298. (Social life.) Innes, F. A., 1928, p. 20. (Cryptotermes lamanianus, Africa.) Insert, P. E., 1788, p. 279. (Guinea.) Jacozson, G. G., 1903, pp. 192-193. (Hodo- termes, Turkestan.) 1904*, pp. 57-107. (Termites of Russia.) 1907, Pp. 235-238. (Reticulitermes lucifugus in Caucasia.) 1913, pp. 1-74. (Termites of Russia.) Jarcer, E. C., 1933, pp. 48-49. (Amitermes and Reticulitermes tibialis in California desert.) Jenkins, C. F. H., 1941, pp. 22-26. (Perth, West Australia.) Jepson, F, P., 1936, p. 257. (Winged adults Planocryptotermes planus reared from eggs laid by neoteinic reproductive forms, Ceylon.) Joun, O., 1913a*, pp. 102-116. (Ceylon.) 1914, PP. 491-500. 1917, p. 23. (Directions on collecting.) 1917a, pp. xcv-cii. (Origin nasuti.) 1920*, pp. 227-234. (South America.) 1925*, pp. 360-419. (Ceylon, Malay Penin- sula, Sumatra, Java, and Aru Islands.) Jounson, W. G., 1902, pp. 2-3. (Termes (Japan and WHOLE VOL. flavipes, supplementary queens only in U.S., E. A. Schwarz.) Jory, N., 1849, pp. 1-37. (Natural history.) Jourer, L. H., 1893, pp. 89-90. (9 to 14 neo- teinic queens in 1 colony, Termes flavipes, US.) Jucctr, C., 1924, pp. 269-500. (Neoteinia.) 1925, pp. 98-103. (Question true royal pair in Reticulitermes lucifugus, Italy.) 1926, pp. 404-409. (Question of castes.) 1952, p. 837. (Symbiosis and phylogenesis.) Kaiser, P., 1954, p. 42. (Function mandibles of Neocapritermes opacus.) KatsHoven, L. G. E., 1930, pp. 1-154. (Java, Kalotermes tectonae, wide distribution in teak forests, galleries cause swellings on main trunk, neoteinic reproductives originate from older stage nymphs. Growth colonies very slow, oldest colony age 15 years, average 10. Winged forms produced 6th year. Swarming does not occur the year following a flight. For- mation neoteinics does not appreciably prolong the life of a colony. Members of a dying colony have typical whitish and meager appearance. Relation to ants, elaterids, scorpions, and lizards.) 1935, Pp. 21-22. (Java, odor swarming adults, Schedorhinotermes javanicus.) 1936, pp. 50-51. (East Indies, dipterous parasite, mixed colonies, nest structure Macrotermes gilvus.) 1936a, pp. 427-435. (Java.) 1950, pp. 146-177. (Indonesia.) 1952b, pp. xc-xci. (Fungus tending Micro- termes.) 1955a, pp. 43-49. (Ability of Coptotermes to locate exposed timber.) Karawajew, W., 1909, pp. 157-162. (Soldiers and workers Anacanthotermes ahngeria- nus, Central Asia.) Kartzin, L., and Kirsy, H., 1939, pp. 444-445. (Relative weights Zootermopsis and their Protozoa.) Kays, C. W., 1936, p. 8. (Shelter tubes in sand dunes, California.) Keck, C. B., 1954, pp. 265-266. (Oahu, Ha- wail, Pearl Harbor. Coptotermes formo- sanus carton nest 16 in. in diameter in underground cavity, 137 supplementary queens.) Keeng, E. A., and Licunt, S. F., 1944, pp. 383- 390. (Results of feeding extracts of male supplementary reproductives to groups nymphs Zootermopsis.) Kettoce, V. L., 1908, pp. 99-110. (California, reproductives Termopsis angusticollis.) BIBLIOGRAPHY OF TERMITES: SUBJ ECTS—-SNYDER 13 Kersey, J. M., 1945, pp. 353-359. (Supple- mentary reproductives in isolated pockets may enable colony treated with poison dust to survive, New Zealand.) 1946*, pp. 458-464. (Variation castes, soldier Coptotermes lacteus, New Zealand.) Kemner, N. A., 1923, pp. 239-240. (Java.) 1929, pp. 1097-1117. (Java.) 1931*, pp. 1-53. (Amboina.) 1934*, pp. 1-241. (Java and Celebes.) Kemp, P. B., 1955, pp. 113-136. (Northeastern Tanganyika.) Kennepy, C. H., 1947, pp. 309-324. (Child labor among termites, hampered in de- velopment by low availability of nitrogen, to which they react by cannibalism and coprophagy. Ants dominant and labor by adults.) Kennis Kunst, 1869, pp. 47-54. Kent, W. S., 1897, pp. IOI-131. 1897a, pp. 81-82. (Australia.) Kirsy, W. F., 1884, pp. 453-454. 1885, pp. 1-240. Kirsy, W., and Spence, W., 1828, vol. 1, pp. 506-513, vol. 2, pp. 26-44. (General.) Knag, F., 1895, pp. 15-16. (Luminous termite nests, Lower Amazon.) 1909, pp. 574-575. (Luminous termite nests, Lower Amazon, termites infected with bacteria.) Knower, H. M., 1894, pp. 58-59. (Origin of the nasutus, Eutermes.) 1896, pp. 86-87. (Development Eutermes (rippertii?).) Koenic, J. G., history.) Kororp, C. A., 1929a, pp. 1-4. (General.) 1934, 2d ed., pp. 1-2. (General.) Koxsg, H. J., 1887, pp. 70-74. (Hedotermes viator, Capland.) Krause, E., 1899, pp. 247-250. LaBoutsEng, A., 1860, pp. cv-cvi. (T. luctfu- gus, Agen, France.) LacorparrE, T., 1838, pp. 520-527. Lamarck, J. B. P. A. pe M. pe, 1817, 1835, pp. 192-195, 398-401. LAMEERE, A., 1902, pp. 441-443. (Hodotermes, Psammotermes, and Eutermes desertorum, Sahara.) 1909, pp. 505-516. (In society.) 1922, pp. 511-521. (Origin societies.) 1935, PP. 305-328. LaTREILLE, P. A., 1794, pp. 438-443. 1795, pp. 84-85. 1797, p. 550. (Nests, Termes.) 1817a, p. III. 1817b, pp. 391-410. (Social life.) (Australia.) 1779, pp. 1-28. (Natural 14 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS Latrosg, C. I., 1820, pp. 111, 206, 238. (South Africa. Lerroy, H. M., 1906, pp. 228-231. (India.) 1909, pp. 115-121. (India.) 1923, pp. 81-91. (India.) Lespés, C., 1856, pp. 227-282. (T. lucifugus, supplementary queen. Levarant, F., 1794, p. 197. (Africa.) Lever, R. J. A. W., 1934, pp. 10-13. (Solomon Islands, Coptotermes grandiceps, Micro- cerotermes pilliceps, Eutermes yandini- ensis.) 1939*, p. 87. (Fiji.) L’Herminier, F. L., (Guadeloupe.) LicHTENSTEIN, H., 1811, vol. 1. p. 99, vol. 2, p. 74. (South Africa.) Licut, S. F., 1929, pp. 1-28. (California.) 1929a*, pp. 421-452. (Philippines, Copto- termes vastator.) 1931*, pp. 581-600. (China.) 1931a*, pp. 5-9. (Nevada.) 1934, 1n Kofoid, 2d ed. (Different types and habitats, pp. 22-41, 117-126, 136-149; Amitermes, pp. 199-205; dry-wood ter- mites, pp. 206-216; Philippines, pp. 347- 350.) 1937*, pp. 423-464. (Paraneotermes simpli- cicornis, California.) 1938, p. 102. (Parthenogenesis.) 1942-1943, pp. 312-326, 46-63. (Determina- tion castes inhibition theory.) 1944, pp. 405-412. (Parthenogenesis, Zo- otermopsis, progeny all females.) 1944a, pp. 413-454. (Ectohormonal control of development supplementary reproduc- tives in Zootermopsis.) 1947, pp. 22-23. (US.) Licut, S. F., Hartman, O., and Emerson, A. E., 1937, p. 122. (Efficacy of extracts from bodies supplementary reproductives in inhibiting or retarding neoteinic sexual development in isolated nymphs.) Licut, S. F., and Ixutc, P. L., 1945, pp. 1-40. (Rate and extent of development of neo- teinic reproductives in groups of nymphs Zootermopsis, percentage neoteinics larger in smaller groups, older nymphs more likely to become neoteinics, apterous more likely than brachypterous nymphs.) Licut, S. F., and Pickens, A. L., im Kofoid, 1934, 2d ed. pp. 150-156. (American subterranean termites.) Licut, S. F., and WeeEsner, F. M., 19472, pp. 244-245. (Development castes in higher termites, Gnathamitermes per- plexus and Tenuirostritermes tenuirostris in SE. Arizona; in former many apterous 1837, PP. 497-513. VOL. 130 individuals like workers, late nymphal instar sterile castes. In Tenuirostritermes 3 major lines leading to nasute, worker and alate types differentiated early. In Gnathamitermes nymphs do not com- plete development until following year. In Tenuirostritermes primary pair contain all the food needed to allow large pri- mary group to develop rapidly to definite caste, worker or nasute.) 1948, pp. 54-68. (Swarming, Arizona.) 1951, pp. 397-414. (Production supple- mentary reproductives, Zootermopsis.) 1955, Pp. 135-146. (U.S., Tenuirostritermes tenuirostris egg laying 4 days after pair- ing, 55 eggs first 10 days, 31 days for development, nasutes 25-33% in first group.) Licut, S. F., and Witson, F. J., 1936*, pp. 461-520. (Philippines, nests.) Livineston, D., 1857, pp. 1-687. Africa.) Lor, D’A., 1903, pp. 19-31. (South Africa.) 1903a, pp. 1290-1291. (South Africa.) Lussock, E., 1875, p. 218. (Fr. Miiller’s studies in South America.) Lucas, H., 1838, pp. 316-321. (Termes.) Luscuer, M., 1949, pp. 161-165. (European and U.S. Kalotermes and Reticulitermes, Zootermopsis, in laboratory.) 1949a, pp. 269-271. (Laboratory rearing technique.) 1950b, p. 357. (Colony formation, Pseuda- canthotermes spiniger, Miucrocerotermes edentatus, and Anoplotermes.) 1951b, pp. 404-408. (Determination sub- stitute reproductives (Kalotermes flavt- collis), inhibition of these forms in pres- ence adult sexual pairs.) I95Ic, pp. 36-43. (Details colony formation, (South as in 1950. 1952, pp. 123-141. (Production and elimina- tion of supplementary reproductives, Kalotermes flavicollis.) 1952a, pp. 529-543. (Growth and molting of individuals of Kalotermes flavicollis, regression.) 1953, pp. 74-76, 78. (Tropical queens lay 20,000 eggs per day, p. 74; Kalotermes flavicollis nymphs molt 5 to 7 times, P- 75:) Luppova, A. N., 1953, pp. 142-156. (Turk- menia, Anacanthotermes turkestanicus.) Lutz, F. E., 1941, pp. 149-155. (U.S.) Lyon, G. F., 1821, p. 187. (North Africa.) MacGrecor, W. D., 1950a, pp. 3-8. (Ecology, termites, soil and vegetation.) WHOLE VOL. McCautey, W. E., and Fiint, W. P., 1946, p. 19. (Reproduction, U.S.) McDanr1, E. I., 1934, pp. 1-14. (Michigan.) 1938, pp. 1-14. (Michigan.) McKeown, K. C., 1941, pp. 269-274. (Aus- tralia.) 1944, 2d rev. ed. pp. 63-69. (Australia, nests 93 to 95% humidity, flight towers Eutermes, colony soulless totalitarian state.) McLacutan, R., 1869, p. Xiil. tenuis? on St. Helena Island.) 1874, pp. 15-16. (Calotermes in wood that produces gum copal, Zanzibar; brood of termites at Kew.) 1876, p. 17. (Colony American termites in Vienna.) 1878, p. xii. (T. trinervius, Africa; T. rip- perti, Cuba, with protective head secre- tion.) 1882, pp. 150-183. (Madeira and Canary Islands.) 1883, pp. 226-228. (Hawaii.) MaeTertinck, M., 1927, pp. 1-238. (General.) 1947, pp. 349-440. (General.) Mamet, R., and Durocuer-Yvon, F., 1942, pp. 197-207. (fle Maurice.) Marats, E. N., 1933, pp. 138-159. (Queen as the brain of colony, South Africa.) 1937, pp. xv+184. (Life in colony, South Africa.) 1950, pp. 1-196. (General, South Africa.) Marcu, A. W., 1933, pp. 157-163. (Eastern China, Coptotermes formosanus most de- structive, nest subterranean, swarm in early evening in early June when humid- ity high. Reticulitermes very seldom attack buildings. Termes formosanus does not attack timber, cultivates fungus Xylaria.) Marcus, H., 1952, pp. 24-28. (Castration by feeding larva with product of colleterial gland of queen.) MarsHatt, T. A., 1878, pp. XXvVii-xxXviii. (Windward Islands, Termes destructor F. ?, Antigua.) Martens, E. C. von, 1876, p. 136. (East Asia.) Martinez, E. A., 1939, pp. 49-50. (Crypto- termes rospigliosi, Peru. Matueson, R., 1944, pp. 167-173, figs. 137- 142A. (General, habits.) Rev. ed., 1951. MattHeEws, J., 1788, p. 46. (Sierra Leone, Africa. Maynarp, C. J., 1888, pp. III-113. hamas.) Merwe, C. P. vAN DER, 1921, pp. 266-267. (South Africa.) (Termes (Ba- BIBLIOGRAPHY OF TERMITES: SUBJ ECTS—-SNYDER 15 MicHener, C. D., and Micuener, M. H., I95I, Pp. 191-227. (Social life.) Mutter, A. E., 1926, pp. 1-8. (llinois.) 1928, pp. 1-12. (Illinois.) Mutter, E. M., 1943*, pp. 5-8. (Soldier and sia Calcaritermes nearcticus, Flor- ida. 1949, pp. 1-30. (Florida termites.) 1955, Pp. 34, 36, 48. (Florida, flight dates and tolerance to drying.) Mutter, E. M., and Mirter, D. B., 1943, pp. 101-107. (South Florida.) Mung, L. J., and Mirng, M. J., 1954, pp. 21, 185, 189. (General, erroneous statements that fungus growers nest in trees and that supplementary pairs of reproductives function in same nest with primary pair.) Mirscu, H. J., 1947, pp. 7-37. (Africa, queen 150 mm. long, 60 mm. wide, nests, predators.) Myézere, E. G., 1920*, pp. 1-128. (Australia.) Monrap, H. C., 1824, pp. 1-188. (Coast of Guinea. Montanpon, A. L., 1910, pp. 444-452. (Pos- sible cause of so-called neuters, castration of young by special diet.) Monte, O., 1931, pp. 69-70. (Brazil.) Morsratr, H., 1913, pp. 443-464. Africa.) 1920, Pp. 415-427. 1922, pp. 9-16. (General.) Mosztey, H. N., 1879, pp. 12, 302, new ed., 1892, 1894. (H.M.S. Challenger, 1773- 1775) Mout1a, A., 1936, pp. 1-30. (Mauritius.) Muetter, Fr., 1871, pp. 205-206. (Brazil.) 1873-1875. (Genitals soldiers Calotermes, Pp. 333-340; dwellings of termites, pp. 341- 358; nymphs with short wing pads, Calo- termes winged and substitute reproduc- tives, number latter in Brazil in Eu- termes, 1 true king, 31 substitute queens, a sultan in his harem, pp. 451-463; larvae of Calotermes rugosus, pp. 241-264. 1874a, pp. 308-309. (South America.) 1875, p. 218. (Brazil.) 1887, pp. 177-178. (Nymphs.) Mukerji, D., and Mirra, P. K., 1949, pp. 9-27. (India, Odontotermes redemanni, cavities in nest contain fungus combs where nymphs live among _ inhibited growth fungus Xylaria, royal cell near largest comb chamber. Workers forage in covered runways, never attack living plants. Flights occur each June to August.) 1949a, pp. 186-189. (India, O. redemanni.) (East 16 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS 1949b, p. 158. (Effect of transplanting physogastric queen Odontotermes rede- mani.) MovrKerjl, D., and Raycuaupuurt, S., 1943), p. 167. (Bearing of exudate organs on postadult growth queen. T. redemanni.) Mutter, O. F., 1776, p. 184. Mutter, W. DE, 1915, pp. 28-35. Myers, J. G., 1938, pp. 7-8. (Sudan, Micro- termes sudanensis, biting of female dur- ing courtship.) : Nasonoy, N. V., 1893, pp. 1-30. (Social life.) Nicuots, E. R., 1929, p. 123. (Southern Cali- fornia. Nicuotson, H. A., 1871, pp. 261-264. (Bates’ observations, South America.) Noet, P., 1908, pp. 107-108. Nomor, C., 1949, pp. 600-602. (Development of neuters—sterile castes, Amitermitinae and Microcerotermitinae.) 1949a, pp. 2053-2054. (Development of neuters—sterile castes, Nasutitermitinae.) 1950, pp. 475-477. (Development of neuters —sterile castes, Macrotermitinae.) 1951, pp. 447-449. (Development of neu- ters—sterile castes, Termitinae.) 1952, pp. 103-116. (Polymorphism.) 1953, Ppp. 405-414. (Care and feeding of young. 1954, pp. 461-474. (Polymorphism. higher termites. ) Nomot, C., and Attiott, H., 1947, pp. 1-96. (General.) Noyes, F. K., 1912, pp. 561-569. (Termites the first civilized people.) Noyes, H., 1937, pp. xiv-+289. (Macrotermes natalensis, Africa.) Oates, F., 1881, p. 134. (Matabele Land and Victoria Falls, Africa.) Ossorn, H., 1898, p. 231. (Termes flavipes, Iowa. Osuma, M., 1913*, pp. 271-281. (Japan.) 1917*, pp. 221-225. (Philippines.) 1919, pp. 319-383. (Formosa.) OsTEN-SACKEN, C. R., and Hacen, H. A,, 1877, pp. 72-73. (Termopsis angusticollis, T. occidentalis?, and Termes flavipes, California.) Oviepo y Vavpéz, G. F. pg, 1851, pp. 450-453. (Santo Domingo.) Packarp, A. S., 1883, pp. 326-329. (Termop- sis angusticollis, Termes flavipes.) 1889, pp. 586-588. (General.) Panoca, G. A., 1936, pp. 233-265. (General, Philippines.) Paout, G., 1934, pp. 1-427. (Coptotermes sjostedti, var. subintacta, and Termes classicus in Italian Somaliland.) VOL. 130 Park, O., 1929, pp. 121-126. (Reticulitermes tibialis in Chicago region.) Parker, B. M., 1941, pp. I-34. Parker, B. M., and Emerson, A. E., 1941, pp. 1-34. (Societies.) Patterson, W. H., 1927, pp. 35-39. (Gold Coast.) Penptesury, H. M., 1930, pp. 45-56. (Ma- laya.) Perez, C., 1902, pp. 195-427. (Metamorpho- sis. Perez, J., 1894, pp. 804-806. (Termes lucifu- gus, foundation colonies.) 1894a, pp. 866-868. (Termes lucifugus, foundation colonies, swarming.) 1896, pp. 65-66. (Nymphs.) 1896a, pp. 56-62. (T. lucifugus.) 1907, PP. 4-7, 37-40, 71-77. (Termites in SW. France.) Perkins, R. C. L., 1899, p. 88. (Calotermes in Hawaii.) Perris, E., 1876, pp. 201-202. (T. lucifugus and “Eutermes’ flavicollis in Landes.) 1876a, pp. ccxvi-ccxvii. (Emery on flight “Eutermes” flavicollis.) Petcu, T., 1917, pp. 395-397. (Flight Termes obscuriceps, Ceylon, narrowing of exit at midday by workers, emergence 5:57 p.m., main flight 13 min. Soldiers and workers exit to protect winged, close exit after flight. Return of dealated male and female to nest apparently before fertiliza- tion.) Pickens, A. L., 1932, pp. 178-180. (Reticuli- termes, distribution, population, increase; biology R. hesperus.) 1934, in Kofoid, 2d ed., pp. 157-196. (Retic- ulitermes, distribution, population, in- crease; biology R. hesperus and R. tibialis, western U.S.) 1940, p. 1. (U.S., caste arrangement for Reticulitermes, 3 intercastes. Premature or delayed adulthood gives many sub- castes.) 1940a, pp. 5-6. (US, Reticulitermes flavipes, broods from alate swarms in spring 1936, required until spring 1940 to produce first swarm alates.) 1941, pp. 115-116. (U.S., Reticulitermes flavipes, broods from alate swarms in spring 1936, required until spring 1940 to produce first swarm alates, change from primary to secondary reproductive heads.) t941a, p. 119. (No winged termites in colony in spring after 1937 flood at Paducah, Ky.) WHOLE VOL. Pickens, A. L., and Licut, S. F., 1934, in Kofoid, 2d ed., pp. 196-198. (Hetero- termes.) Pictet, A. E., 1865, pp. 1-123. (Two termites of Spanish Peninsula.) PINTER, T., 1914. Pp. 71-95. Pinto, M. P. D., 1941, pp. 73-105. (Ceylonese Calotermitidae, neoteinic forms do not necessarily breed true; inhibition of sub- stitute reproductives in presence of func- tional dealated adults.) Porpric, E. F., 1836, pp. 205, 242. Peru.) Prext, H., 1911, pp. 243-253. (East Africa.) Prutut, H. S., 1939, p. 108. (Swarming Odontotermes and Microtermes, Delhi, India.) Pujiura, J., 1904, pp. 23-28, 51-60, 83-99. Tortosa, Spain, environs. Pycrart, W. P. (ed.), 1931, pp. 226-236, 309. (General, Africa.) Quartreraczs, A. DE, 1853a, pp. 16-21. (La Rochelle, France.) 1854. (General.) RaFINESQUE, C. S., Rampur, P., 1842 history.) Rarcuirrer, F. N., and Cummins, J. E., 1939, pp. 221-228. (Australia.) RarcuiFFE, F. N., Gay, F. J., and Greaves, T., 1952, pp. 1-124. (Australia, pp. 19-31, queens Eutermes exitiosus lay 2,500 eggs per day in mature colony: hundreds egg- laying neoteinics in colony Hamitermes laurensis, no neoteinics of E. exitiosus; colony E. triodiae 100 years old; colony Coptotermes lacteus total population 1 million, may produce 66,000 winged in a year; cannibalism source protein; mixed colonies.) Rarciirre, F. N., and Greaves, T., 1940, pp. 150-160. (Australia, foraging, ramifying subterranean galleries Coptotermes lac- teus and Eutermes exitiosus approx. 1% acres covered and galleries connected with dead wood 50 yards from Copto- termes mound, 3 to g in. below surface.) Rartt, F. V., 1928, pp. 1-231. (Italian comedy, caste: il termitaio, la regina e il renccio, le sterili e la larva.) Rav, x 1936, p. 153. (Drought influence, US (Chile, 1820, pp. 1-16. * pp. 300-310. (Natural RercHensacn, H. G. L., 1854, p. 363. (Figures T. bellicosus and T. aca) Rein, J. J., 1881. (Japan.) Res, G. S., 1934, pp. 24-30. (India.) Renecrr, J. R., 1835, pp. 266-274. (Paraguay, 1818-1826.) BIBLIOGRAPHY OF TERMITES: SUBJ ECTS—-SNYDER 17 Ricuarp, G., 1949b, pp. 67-73. (Calotermes flavicollis, phototropism.) 1951, pp. 485-603. (Calotermes flavicollis, phototropism. Ricuarps, O. W., 1953, pp. 179-189, 203. (So- cial lifes in African species queen lays 36,000 eggs in 24 hr., or 3 million per year. Riptey, H. N., 1893, p. 270. (Eastern Ma- laya.) IQI0, p. 157. (8 queens in nest Malaya.) Rirzy, C. V., 1894, pp. 1-74. (Swarming, postadult growth, nutrition, polygamy in true queens, U.S.) Ritey, C. V., and Howarp, L. O., 1893, p. 35. (U.S., swarming in houses.) RisBEo, J., 1950, pp. 45-47. (Microcerotermes parvulus, Senegal and French Sudan.) Ropon, G. S., 1900, pp. 363-364. (India.) Romans, R., 1883, pp. 214-215. (Rangoon.) Roonwat, M. L., 1954a, pp. 463-467. (India, ecological adjustment between Copto- termes heimi and Odontotermes rede- mann.) Roonwat, M. L., and Gupta, S. D., 1952, pp. 293-294. (India, Odontotermes obesus, 2 kings and queens in royal chamber in mound.) Ross, H. H., 1948. (Social life, nests, pp. 207- 211, flgs. 185, 186; habits, pp. 257-260, figs. 219-221.) Rossum, A. J. VAN, 1907, pp. 195-197. Rupow, F., 1897, pp. 715-716. (Life activity.) Ruiz, C. A., 1943, p. 32. (Calotermes flavi- collis and Reticulitermes luctfugus, Spain.) Saprosky, C. W., 1952, pp. 1-7. (Numbers termites in colonies in U.S. and Tropics.) Sarrorp, W. E., 1919, pp. 377-434. (Florida Everglades.) Sr. Vincent, B. pve, 1804, p. 231. (African sea islands.) Sanzorn, F. G., 1870, pp. 266-268. (Termes flavipes.) Sanpias, A., 1906, pp. 121-125. (Italy.) 1907, pp. 7-II, 101-103, 125-127. (Italy.) 1908, pp. 1-9. (Italy.) 1909, pp. 131-136. (Neoteinic reproductives in European termites.) SavacE, T. S., 1849, pp. 211-221. sus, West Africa.) 1850, p. 92. (T. bellicosus, West Africa.) Savicny, M. J. C. L. pg, 1809-1813, figures. (Egypt.) SCHAEFFER, C., 1902, p. 251. queen T. flavipes in U.S.) 1912, p. 30. (Queen T. flavipes.) ScHENK, F., 1905, pp. 18-19. (T. flavipes.) (T. bellico- (Finding true 18 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS ScHENKLING-PrEvOT, 1898, pp. 87-88, 98-100, 105-106, I10-112, 116-118, 123-124, I7I- 172, 176-178, 183, 234-235, 241-242, 247. (General.) ScuKaFF, B. A., 1923. (Castes.) Scumipt, H., 1950, pp. 1-37. (General.) ScHREIBER, G., 1930-193I, Pp. 757-827. (Ne- oteny, disequilibrium in development so- matic and germinal line.) Scuusotz, H., 1912, pp. 328-334. (Africa.) Scuttr, O., 1862, pp. 250-252. (Japan.) Scuwarz, E. A., 1896, pp. 38-41. (T. flavipes, lucifugus, tubiformans, Eutermes nigri- ceps, fumosus, and Calotermes in SW. Texas.) 1901, p. 347. (First true queen found in North America.) Scupper, S. H. (1859), 1861, pp. 287-288. (T. frontalis Hald., i.e. flavipes.) 1878, p. 275. (Eutermes ripperti.) Seasra, A. F. DE, 1907, pp. 122-123. (Calo- termes flavicollis and T. lucifugus, Portu- gal.) Suarp, D., 1894, p. vii-vili. (Neoteinic queens.) 1895, p. 20. (Living Calotermes from Borneo.) I90I, pp. 356-390. (General.) 1902, pp. 253-256. (General.) SuarpE, C. F., 1894, pp. 228-229. (Deposits made by white ants, patches of egglike particles, fungi, Coonoor, South India.) SHeEtrorD, V. E., 1913, pp. 220-252. (Middle Beach association, Chicago region.) SmantyEv, A. A., 1903, p. 29. (Calotermes flavicollis in Caucasus.) SirvestRI, F., 1902, pp. 173-178, 257-260, 280- 293, 326-335. (South America, pp. 257- 260, relative number soldiers to workers or nymphs: Calotermes 1:10, Syntermes 1:10, Eutermes 1:15, Cornitermes 1:20, Armitermes 1:20, Microcerotermes 1:50, Capritermes 1:80, Microtermes 1:80.) 1903", pp. 1-234. (South America.) 1904, pp. 353-378. (South America.) 1938, pp. 65-72. (Hodotermes, Psammo- termes, Fezzan, Sahara.) Syésrevt, V., 1893, pp. 109-112. (Cameroon.) 1903, pp. 89-ror. Sxairz, S. H., 1954b, pp. 41-67. (Africa, secondary queens Amitermes atlanticus; harvester, dry-wood, and fungus-growing termites, keys to families; mites scaven- gers in nest.) SMEATHMAN, H., 1781, pp. 139-192. (Africa.) Smitu, H. H., 1879, p. 139. (Luminous ter- mite hills, Brazil.) Smit, J. B., 1910, p. 49. (New Jersey.) VOL. 130 Snoporass, R. E., 1930, pp. 125-151. (Gen- eral.) Snyper, T. E., 1912a, pp. 107-108. (Queen developed from winged found in US., T. flavipes.) 1913, pp. 487-488. (Changes during qui- escent stage soldier flavipes.) 1913a, pp. 162-165. (Changes during qui- escent stage soldier flavipes, nymphs.) 1915, pp. 13-85. (General, U.S., mostly Leucotermes.) 1916, pp. 1-32. Leucotermes.) 1gt6a, pp. I-20. Leucotermes.) 1919, pp. 97-104. (U.S., adaptations.) 1920*, in Banks and Snyder, pp. 87-213. (U.S., general, control, damage, flight, food, foundation colonies, parasites, post- adult growth, termitophiles, trophallaxis.) 1920a, pp. 109-150. (U.S., colonizing re- productive forms, postadult growth, p. II2; intermediates, p. 117; Zorotypus, p. 127; flight, pp. 129-130; pseudoflight, pp. 130-134; breeding, pp. 135-145.) 1922a, pp. 60-74. (U.S., living in poles.) 1924¢, pp. 1-14. (Adaptations to social life.) 1925¢, p. 89. (“Pseudoflight” brachypterous reproductive forms Reticulitermes, U.S.) 1925f, pp. 32-33. (Reticulitermes, U.S.) 1925g, pp. 466-477. (Communism among termites, advantages and disadvantages.) 1926, pp. 23-25. (U.S.) 1926b, pp. 1-6. (Races or subspecies of Reticulitermes in U.S. and Europe, nas- cent species, hybrids, or plastic species with tendency toward a mean.) 1926c, pp. 1-22. (U.S., last revision 1939.) 1926f, pp. 522-552. (Biology of the castes, general.) 1926h, p. 254. (U.S., California.) 1927], PP- 337-342. (General, curious facts.) 1927k, pp. 309-314. (U.S.) 1928, pp. 274-276. (U.S.) 1928a, pp. 135-138. (California, U.S., in utility poles.) 1928c, p. 381. (Coptotermes dissolves lime mortar by frontal gland secretion.) 1929a, pp. 40-46. (General, ecology.) 1929d, pp. 143-151. (General, architecture.) 1929e, pp. 84-87. (General.) 1920j, pp. 1-15. (Pacific area.) 1929k, pp. 210-230. (USS.) 1929m, pp. 5-II, 31-42. (California, U.S.) 1929n, pp. 96-108. (U.S., in utility poles.) 1930, pp. 261-269, 290. (General.) 1931*, pp. 531-571. (General.) 1932a, p. 27. (U.S.) (General, U.S., mostly (General, U.S., mostly WHOLE VOL. 1932b, pp:"25, 27,/31,/ 34. (U:S.))..\. 1933*, pp. 91-93. (Queens, Indian termites.) 1933a, Pp. 397-399. (U.S.) ! 1933c*, pp. 161-166. (Intermediate soldier- worker, Nasutitermes myerst, Brazil.) 1934, in Kofoid, 2d ed. (Reticulitermes, eastern U.S., pp. 192-195; dry-wood ter- mites, Kalotermitidae, eastern U.S., pp. 269-272.) 1934a, pp. I-21. (Revision of 1926c, chart biology castes Reticulitermes, U.S.) 1934b, pp. 5-6, 12. (U.S.) 1935a, pp. 70-78. (US.) 1935¢, pp. 1-6. (Swarming, tropisms, Retic- ulitermes, U.S.) 1935d, pp. 5-6, 28-30. (U.S.) 1935€, PP. 5-7, 19, 22-63. (U.S.) 1937, pp. 26-33. (Louisiana.) 1947b, pp. 144-147. (U.S.) 1948, pp. 27-72. (General.) 1949, PP. 432-436. (U.S.) 1949d, 7m Burton, pp. 264-272. (General; queens, India.) #950; pp. 12-14!) /(U.S.) 1950a, 7 Craighead, 1950, pp. 85-93. (East- ern U.S.) 1950d, pp. 1-16. (U.S., dry-wood termites.) 1951a, pp. 237, 250, 261. (U.S.) 1951b, pp. 31-32. (Dominica, British West Indies, wholesale death soldiers and workers in building—Nasutitermes cos- talis.) F952) Pp. 28: by.) 1953, pp. 27-28. (U.S., general.) 1953a, p. 40. (Neoteinic reproductives, in- hibition theory.) 1953d, pp. 34, 36. (US., different types shelter tubes and their composition.) 1953e, p. 30. (U.S., infestation buildings without ground contact by Reticuli- termes.) 1954b, pp. 1-64. (U.S. and Canada.) 1954g, p. 28. (Buffalo, N.Y., flight chim- neys. 1954h, 7» Greathouse, G. A., 1954, pp. 204- 211. (World, damage and control.) Snyper, T. E., and Popenog, E. P., 1932, pp. 153-158. (U.S., founding new colonies Reticulitermes.) Snyper, T. E., and Reep, W. D., 1949, pp. 4-11. (General.) Snyper, T. E., and Zerex, J., 1924, pp. 1-26. (Distinctive frass, detection (Panama.) 1934, im Kofoid, 2d ed., pp. 342-346. (Panama.) SorENsEN, W., 1884, pp. 1-25. (South America.) BIBLIOGRAPHY OF TERMITES: SUBJ ECTS—-SNYDER 19 SpaRRMAN, A., 1783, p. 381. (Cape of Good Hope, South Africa, Termes capensis.) Spencer, H., 1937, pp. 158-160. (Notes on habits.) STEBBING, E. P., (India.) 1906-1907, pp. 6-12. (Coptotermes gestroi, the rubber termite, India.) STEPHENS, J. F., 1836, vol. 6. STRELNIKOV, J., 1920, pp. 215-226. (Paraguay, Brazil, Bolivia.) SrrickLanp, A. H., 1945, pp. 1-11. (Trinidad, British West Indies, in specialized soil habitats in forest reserves and cacao estates.) STRICKLAND, E. H., 1911, pp. 256-259. (Quies- cent stage during molt, Termes flavipes.) SrrickLanD, M., 1950, pp. 373-385. (U.S., Reticulitermes tibialis more resistant to drying than R. flavipes or R. arenincola, latter least tolerant.) SuBRAHAMANIAN, T. V., 1934, p. 498. (As food in South India. Suuzer, J. H., 1776, pp. 239-240. SupPPAN, V., 1878, pp. 155-161, 170-174. Col- ony life. Swain, R. B., 1948, pp. 24-25, fig. 16. (U.S., castes including queen in color.) Swartz, O., 1786, pp. 46-47. (Surinam.) 1792, pp. 228-238. (Termes L.) Sykes, M. L., 1900, pp. 85-91. (West Africa.) TascHENBERG, E, L., 1880, p. 227. (T. flavipes in Europe.) TENNANT, Sir J. E., 1861, Chap. 11. (Ceylon.) Tuompson, W. L., 1934, pp. 33-39. (Florida, Neotermes castaneus.) THOMSEN, F., 1909, pp. 512-520. (Transvaal.) Tittyarp, R. L., 1926, pp. 100-106. (Aus- tralia and New Zealand.) Timm, R., rgr1, pp. 60-68. (Life history.) Tocwoop, W., 1909, pp. 97-104. (Malaya, Termes gestrot. To tun, C., 1862, pp. 215-220. (Life history.) Townsenp, C. H. T., 1893*, p. 139. (New Mexico, Termopsis.) TREHERNE, H. S., 1878, pp. 74-75. (Manitoba, Termopsis. Tryon, H., 1887, pp. 119-123. (Queensland, Eutermes fumipennis.) TsvetKova, V. P., 1953, pp. 132-141. (Odessa, R. lucifugus not economically important in southern Russia; parasitic mite Acotyle- don feytaudi in nests.) Turner, N., and Townsenp, J. F., 1936, pp. 209-242. (Connecticut, Reticulitermes fla- vipes.) Uicuanco, L. B., 1919, pp. 59-65. (Philip- pines, mound-building termites.) 1903-1904, Pp. 377-382. 20 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS Upnor, J. C. T., 1942, pp. 563-598. (Ecologi- cal relations of plants and termites, ter- mite fungi, review of literature.) Van Zwatuwenserc, R. H., 1934, p. 383- (Longevity of Coptotermes formosanus in Hawaii, colony existed over 3 years.) VasitjEv, T. V., 1911, pp. 235-245. (Hodo- termes ahngerianus and H. turkestanicus in Transcaspia and Turkestan.) 1912, pp. 241-243. (Hodotermes turkestani- cus, neoteinic queen.) VERESHCHAGIN, B., 1925, pp. 174-175. 1926, pp. 127-218. VesEY-FITZGERALD, B., 1949, PP- 449-451. Vern, P. J., 1875, pp. Ixxxviii-lxxxix. (Termes fatalis, T. gilvus, Indo-Malayan region.) VisHnol, H. S., 1954, pp. 28-29. (India, Micro- cerotermes beesoni, brachypterous neo- teinic female reproductives.) Warker, L. W., 1949, pp. 44-47. (Deserts southwestern U.S. and Mexico, “street cleaning.”) Warren, E., 1909, pp. 113-128. (Natal.) 1909a, pp. 329-347. (South Africa, based on Haviland’s studies.) 1919, pp. 93-112. (South Africa.) WassMann, E., 1910*, pp. 303-310. (Holm- gren’s exudate theory. 1915a, pp. 1-413. (Association ants and termites.) 1931, pp. 309-336. (Democracy in the ter- mite colony. 1934, pp. xvili+148. (Biology termites, pp. 78-148; termitophiles.) Wess, J. E., 1952, pp. 771-775. (Biology im- portant in identification. Weesner, F. M., 1953, pp. 251-302. (Tenui- rostritermes tenuirostris (Desneux) with emphasis on caste development.) WE tts, H. G., Huxtey, J., and WELts, C. P., 1931, pp. 707-709. (General.) Weyer, F., 1930, pp. 364-380. (Substitute reproductive forms Sunda Island, Micro- cerotermes amboinensis from Amboina (Moluccas), after removal queen or queens from carton nest in the field considerable numbers both male and fe- male substitute sexual forms were pro- duced in 4 to 6 weeks even though only females were removed. Large number of transition forms between sexual and worker types, derived from various de- velopment stages of the sexual, wingless to long wing pads. Same transition forms in Prorhinotermes rugifer. Eutermes amboinensis gave negative results.) 1930a, pp. 327-380. (Foundation new colo- nies by Microcerotermes amboinensis, and VOL. 130 Eutermes amboinensis and E. undecimus, Amboina (Moluccas), in Microcerotermes and Eutermes several queens in carton nests, in former out of 25% of the colo- nies I or more substitute queens, even in colonies with normal sexual reproduc- tives. New colonies formed by splitting. Young colonies in decaying wood, old in carton nests on coconut palm trees. Eutermes amboinensis possesses many branch colonies, winged forms penetrate a branch colony with no substitute sex- uals and become adopted. In colony with old normal sexuals, young males and females that had recently shed wings occur. In Microcerotermes inserted “for- eign” queens were killed.) Wuer.er, W. M., 1920, pp. 113-124. (The termite society as an example to human society.) 1923a, pp. 237-283. (Social life.) 1928, pp. 130-160. (Social insects, evolu- tion. 1934, pp. 289-301. (Social life.) Wuite, A., 1874, p. 25. (New Zealand.) Wirxinson, H., 1940, pp. 67-72. (East Africa, grassland termites.) WuiaMs, F. X., 1928, pp. 53-118. (Philip- pines, termites in nipa house.) Wotcortt, G. N., 1921, pp. 1-14. (Puerto Rico.) 1927, pp. 94, 153-162. (Haiti.) 1936, pp. 45-50. (Puerto Rico.) 1938, pp. 83-84. (Puerto Rico, Crypto- termes brevis.) 1940, pp. 375-380. (Puerto Rico, Nasuti- termes costalis.) 1950a, pp. 62-74. (Puerto Rico.) Wo corr, G. N., and Ser, F., 1924, pp. 138- 149. (Puerto Rico.) Woopeson, A., 1921, p. 55. (General, large queens lay an average of 34,000 eggs a day; in Philippines large queens have life 20 years.) Yano, M., 1911*, pp. 53-66. (Japan.) 1915, p. 62. (Japan, Glyptotermes satsu- mensis, Reticulitermes speratus, Copto- termes formosanus.) ZaitzEv, P., 1912, p. 360. (Abchasie, Calo- termes flavicollis.) ZETEK, J., 1921, pp. 237-239, 268-275. (Panama.) ZIMMERMAN, E. C., 1948, pp. 159-187. (Hawaii.) Zoccut, R., 1953, pp. 195-202. (Italy, Tuscany, Provinces of Florence, Lucca, and Leg- horn, Reticulitermes lucifugus, damage to books, woodwork.) WHOLE VOL. BIBLIOGRAPHY OF TERMITES: SUBJ ECTS—-SNYDER 21 BUILDING CODES ANONYMOUS, 1927, Pp. 285. (Termite-proofing provisions in Uniform Code, Pacific Coast Building Officials Conference, U.S., not mandatory but merely suggestions, appendix, sec. 2529, rev. ed., 1932, Los Angeles, Calif. 1929a. (Ordinance No. 490, sec. 9.705, City and County Honolulu, termite protec- tion.) 1937, p. 19. (Los Angeles, Calif., 1936 building code makes chemically treated lumber in foundations mandatory, creo- sote and chromated zinc chloride.) 1937b, p. 66. (Kansas City, Mo., ordinance making treated lumber in buildings man- datory defeated.) 1937c, p. 48. (‘“Jerry-building” leads to termite damage.) 1937d, p. 21. (Kansas City ordinance re- quiring treated lumber in buildings de- feated.) 1939, pp. 133-138. (U.S., master specifica- tions, Home Owners’ Loan Corp.) 1939a, pp. 1-24. (U.S., Federal Housing Admin., diagrams showing proper con- struction.) 1939b, pp. 1-14. (Adelaide, South Aus- tralia, diagrams showing termite-proof construction for brick buildings.) 1947, pp. 1-49. (Report BMS 107, U.S. Dept. Commerce building code require- ments. ) 1950, pp. 1-4. (Australia, termite-proofing buildings.) 1950a, pp. 69-74, 96-105. (Durban, South Africa, termite-proofing provisions in building code.) 1950k, pp. 1-2. (Termite-proofing specifica- tions, U.S. Bur. Ent. and Plant Quar. for buildings; revised 1953.) 195te. (New York State building code ter- mite-proofing provisions, sec. 301Cc.) 1952e, 409A-40oF. (Federal Housing Ad- min., minimum property requirements, Maryland, Virginia, and District of Co- lumbia, poured concrete foundations, re- inforced concrete caps, metal shields, wood preservatives, shields for piping, metal flashing.) 1953q, 406-E3, 409-A-F. (Honolulu, Ha- waii, FHA: Concrete slabs, poured con- crete foundations, reinforced concrete caps for masonry foundations, metal shields, wood preservative treatments.) 1953r, 409-F. (Puerto Rico and Virgin Islands, FHA: Metal shields, deleted.) Crark, A. F., 1942, pp. 23-32. (New Zealand, legislation for termite-proofing buildings.) Davis, J. J., 1947, pp. go-91. (U.S., insect- proof construction. Futraway, D. T., 1929a, p. 134. (Honolulu, Hawaii, termite-proofing provisions for building code.) Heaptez, T. J., 1937, Pp- 337-341. Jersey, proper construction.) Korow, C. A., et al., 1934, 2d ed., pp. 592- 642. (California, termite-proof construc- tion buildings.) MacGrecor, W. D., 1950, pp. I-41. Commonwealth, tion.) Mutu, F. A., 1926, pp. 153-154, 161-162. (Pro- tection against termites, New Orleans, La., building code.) Osuima, M., 1919, pp. 341-347. (Proper con- struction in Formosa. Snyper, T. E., 1925a, p. 389. (Specific “in- sulation,’ keep untreated woodwork away from contact with the ground, modification city building regulation, US:) 1925h, pp. 569, 571. (Termite-proofing specifications recommended for city build- ing codes, U.S.) 1926c, p. 15. (Modification of city building codes, U.S.; revised 1930, 1934, 1939.) 1926d, pp. 11, 27, 67. (Modification of city building codes, U.S.) 1927b, pp. 316-321. (Modification of city building codes, U.S.) 1927¢, pp. 178-179. (Modification of city building codes, U.S.) 1927d, pp. 706-709. (Modification of city building codes, U.S.) 19272, pp. 12-13. (Modification of city building codes, U.S.) 1927h, pp. 15-17. (Modification of city building codes, U.S.) 19271, Ppp. 531-536. (Modification of city building codes, U.S.) 1927], p. 342. (Modification of city building codes, U.S.) 1928, pp. 274-276. (Modification of city building codes, U.S.) 1929, p. 44 (Hawaii.) 1929b, pp. 23-24. (General.) 1929¢, pp. 18-38, (U.S.) 1929d, pp. 143-151. (U.S.) 19298, pp. 1-19. (U.S.) 1920j, pp. I-15. (General, Pacific area.) 1929k, pp. 210-230. (U.S.) 19291, pp. 1-5. (U.S.) 1929m, pp. 31-42. (California.) (New (British termite-proof construc- 22 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS 19290, pp. 268-277. (General.) 1931*, pp. 540-544. (China.) 1932b, pp. 25, 27, 31, 34. (US.) 1933a pp. 397-399. (U.S.) _ 1933b, pp. 1-8. (U.S.) (Revised 1936.) 1934b, pp. 5-6, 12. (U.S 1935a, pp. 70-78. (U.S.) 1935¢, pp. 1-6. (U.S.) 1935d, pp. 5-6, 28-30; 7-8. (U.S.) 1935¢, pp. 169-170. (U.S. and Panama.) 1937, Ppp. 31-32. (Louisiana; Federal speci- VOL. 130 fications for preventing damage, US., Piug2 1938, pp. 6-9. (U.S.) 1939, pp. 7-9. (U.S.) us 1948, pp. 160, 178-180, 223-225. (Revision of 1935e.) (U.S. and Panama.) 1949d, im Burton, pp. 264-272. (US, Panama.) 1952g, pp. 14, 16, 18. (U'S.) 1953b, Pp. 30. S Woopsson, A., 1923, pp. 51-82. (Ceylon.) CASTE DETERMINATION Apvamson, A. M., 1940, pp. 35-53. (Theories of caste determination, intercastes, 2 in Microcerotermes arboreus, 1 in Nasuti- termes guayanae, Trinidad.) BaATHELLIER, J., 1924, pp. 483-485. (Develop- ment of Eutermes matangensis.) 1924a, pp. 609-612. (Development of Macro- termes gilvus.) 1925, pp. 54-55. (Caste determination of Macrotermes gilvus.) 1g25a, pp. 153-154. (Caste determination of Eutermes matangensis.) 1927, p. 274. (Macrotermes gilvus, p. 2933 Eutermes matangensis, p. 322. Believes in genetic theory caste determination, de- termined in embryo, not modified by feeding.) 1941, pp. 663-665. (Development of Reticu- litermes lucifugus.) 1942, pp. 181-182. (Substitution neoteinic reproductive forms in Reticulitermes.) Becker, G., 1948, pp. 407-444. (New theory caste formation, intermediate form in Calotermes flavicollis; imagos depend on appearance and retrograde formation nymphs, relation to development of neo- teinics and dependence of nymphs on fungus alimentation; alimentary experi- ments explain origin and properties sub- stitutes and development, duration of life and percentage soldiers.) Bouvier, E. L., 1918, pp. 1-299. (Origin of castes.) Bucuut, H. H. R., 1951, pp. 206-208. (Origin of castes, Reticulitermes of Saintonge, in- hibition theory.) 1952, 1n Liischer, 1952b, pp. 293-294. (Inhi- bition production of neoteinics does not occur in Reticulitermes—as in Kalo- termes; if primary pair present in young incipient colonies and not sufficient living space, either the newly formed neoteinic or the primary pair of reproductives are killed; if sufficient space, colony split into two fractions being only in loose con- tact, with both kinds of reproductives tolerated.) Bucnion, E., 1912, pp. xli-xliii, (Differentia- tion of castes, Ceylon.) 1gI2a, pp. rogi-1094. (Differentiation of castes, Ceylon.) 1913b, pp. 119-123. (Differentiation of castes, Ceylon.) 1g14b, pp. 170-204. (Differentiation of castes, Ceylon. CastLe, G. B., 1934, in Kofoid, 2d ed., pp. 273-310. (Experimental determination caste differentiation in Zootermopsis an- gusticollis, California, inhibition theory.) 1934a, p. 314. (Experimental determina- tion caste differentiation in Zootermopsis angusticollis, California.) CréimenT, G., 1953, pp. 95-116. (Psammo- termes, origin of neuters.) Costa Lia, A. pA, 1936, pp. 8-17. (Origin castes.) Emerson, A. E., 1926, pp. 69-100. (Develop- ment soldier Constrictotermes cavifrons.) Futter, C., 1920*, pp. 235-295. (Postem- bryonic development antennae, South Africa.) Gay, F. J., 1952, pp. 127-128. (Rare intercaste (soldier-reproductive) | Microcerotermes serratus Australia, pigmented eye spots, wing buds.) Guipint, G. M., 1938, pp. 95-109. (Reticuli- termes lucifugus, individuals producing ergatoid queens morphologically variable; differentiation of these forms due to food, nymph-soldier intermediate.) 1938a, pp. 25-36. (Reticulitermes lucifugus, individuals producing ergatoid queens morphologically variable; differentiation of these forms due to food.) Gortscu, W., 1939, pp. 209-216. (In artificial colonies of Anoplotermes cingulatus from Argentina soldier intermediate between WHOLE VOL. nasutus and mandibular type produced as in Armitermes.) 1941, pp. 1-13. (Colony formation and caste formation, Kalotermes flavicollis.) 1941a, pp. 194-195. (Colony formation and caste formation, Kalotermes flavicollis.) 1946, pp. 49-57. (In body certain insects especially termites), also in lower fungi Penicilium, Hypomyces, Saccharomy- cetes) substances called “vitamin T com- plex.” Incite vital processes, induce for- mation of soldiers which have none naturally and of gigantic or big-headed forms, stimulate growth.) 1947, Pp. 193-274. (In body certain insects especially termites), also in lower fungi (Penicillium, Hypomyces, Saccharomy- cetes) substances called “vitamin T com- plex.” Incite vital processes, induce for- mation of soldiers which have none naturally and of gigantic or big-headed forms, stimulate growth.) GrassE, P. P., 1952c, pp. 51-62. different families.) Grassé, P. P., and Norrot, C., 1946, pp. 869- 871. (Neoteinic reproductive forms (Calo- termes flavicollis, theory caste determina- tion, germinal and somatic inhibition.) 1946a, pp. 929-931. (Polymorphism, the production of soldiers, Calotermes flavi- collis.) 1947, pp. 219-221. (Polymorphism, pseu- doergates, Calotermes flavicollis.) Grassi, B., and Sanptas, A., 1896, pp. 245- 322, 1-75. (Caste determination, nutri- tion theory, differential feeding, parasitic castration.) Greco, R. E., 1942, pp. 295-308. (Origin of castes in ‘ants, genetic theory.) Harz, L., 1934, pp. 267-293. (Caste deter- mination and differentiation in Reticull- termes, genetic theory not valid, sterile and reproductive castes not separable until 3d stadium, both intrinsic and ex- trinsic factors involved.) Heatu, H., 1927, pp. 387-419. (Caste forma- tion in Termopsis, genetic theory not valid, first visible signs differentiation appear at relatively late stage.) 1928, pp. 324-326. (Fertile soldiers in Termopsis, California; copulate with nor- mal substitutes, young normal; stimu- lated by special diet.) 1931, Ppp. 431-432. (Experiments in caste development.) Heatu, H., and Wixzvr, B. C., 1927, pp. 145- 154. (Development soldier caste in Ter- mopsis, young all alike at time hatching.) (Historical, BIBLIOGRAPHY OF TERMITES: SUBJ ECTS—-SNYDER 23 Hit, G. F., 1922*, p. 370. (Australia, neo- teinic forms of Drepanotermes silvestrii produce nymphs of winged.) 1932*, pp. 149 and 153. (Australia, inter- caste soldiers in Eutermes.) 1942*, pp. 1-479. (Australia, neoteinic re- productive forms developed.) Hinton, H. E., 1955, pp. 316-326. (Caste de- termination in bees and termites.) Hormcren, N., 1909*, pp. 201-203. 1912*, pp. 129-153. (As result of method of feeding, three potential germ plasms are released in at least three directions; there must be a germ plasm correlation which finds its expression in the caste correlation, p. 140.) Hutson, J. C., 1933, pp. D125-129. (Winged adults reared from neoteinic reproductive forms, Ceylon.) Imms, A. D., 1919, pp. 75-180. (India, caste determination in Archotermopsis, genetic theory.) Jepson, F. P., 1936, p. 257. (Winged adults reared from eggs laid by neoteinic re- productives Planocryptotermes primus, Ceylon.) Jucci, C., 1920, pp. 68-71, 95-98. (Caste dif- ferentiation, neoteinic reproductives.) 1921, Pp. 92-95, 1921a, 213-215. (Metabolism of true royal pair reproductives.) 1924, pp. 269-500. (Caste differentiation, neoteinics.) 1925, pp. 98-103. (Problem of the true royal pair reproductives in Reticulitermes lucifugus.) 1926, pp. 404-409. (Problem of the castes, differentiation through change in nutri- tion, origin neoteinic forms, development checked chemo-biologically.) KatsHoven, L. G. E., 1930, pp. 1-154. (“Con- stitution of the colony,’ hypothesis of caste determination.) Keene, E. A., and Licut, S. F., 1944, pp. 383- 390. (Results of feeding ether extracts of male supplementary reproductives to groups of nymphs of Zootermopsis ne- vadensis, California, no evidence of ecto- hormonal inhibition male reproductivity.) Licut, S. F., 1942-1943, pp. 312-326, 46-63. (Determination castes, inhibition theory.) 1944a, pp. 413-454. (Ectohormonal control of development supplementary reproduc- tives in Zootermopsis.) Licut, S. F., Hartman, O., and Emerson, A. E., 1937, p. 122. (Efficacy of extracts from bodies supplementary reproductives in inhibiting or retarding neoteinic sexual development in isolated nymphs.) 24 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS Licut, S. F., and Ixia, P. L., 1945, pp. 1-40. (Rate and extent of development of neo- teinic reproductives in groups nymphs of Zootermopsis; inhibition theory.) Licut, S. F., and Weesner, F. M., 19474, pp. 244-245. (Development of castes in higher termites.) 1951, pp- 397-414. (Production of supple- mentary reproductives, Zootermopsis; in- hibition theory.) Liscuer, M., 1951b, pp. 404-408. (Determina- tion substitute reproductives Calotermes flavicollis.) 1952, Pp. 123-141. (Production and elimina- tion of replacement reproductives by in- hibition, Kalotermes flavicollis; when king and queen removed new supple- mentary reproductives appear after about 8 days. Inhibitory influence upon asexual individuals maintained where direct con- tact with antennae or circulation of air. Surplus sexual individuals eaten.) 1952a, pp. 529-543. (Individual growth studies, Kalotermes flavicollis, regression.) 1952b, pp. 289-294. (Ectohormonal control caste determination.) 1953, pp. 74-76, 78. (Ectohormonal control caste determination, inhibition factor; and promotion factor, for soldiers.) 1953a, pp. 524-528. (Can determination be released by a monomolecular reaction, Kalotermes flavicollis?) 1955, p- 186. (Inhibition material produced by sexual adults.) Marcus, H., 1948, pp. 23-27. (Genetic basis of polymorphism and suppression of sex- uality. Polymorphy present in common “Nasutus” sp. even in egg; horn soldiers visible at very early stages, represents a mutation. As soldiers sometimes lay eggs, crossing with normal forms might give heterozygotic spermatozoids. Origin polymorphy a mating between Termes and “Nasutus,” resulting in a_ poly- morphic heterozygotic termite, with re- cessive horn, from which would result, in Mendelian proportions, r sexual ter- mite, 2 workers in which castration had occurred, and 1 “Nasutus’ soldier in which castration had occurred.) 1949a, Pp. 97-101. (Polymorphism of Nasu- titermes chaquimayensis, Bolivia; classes of Nasutitermes and queen of Rhino- termes nasutus living in same habitat, crossing of this female with a hornless male could produce all existent forms of polymorphism, according to laws of Men- VOL. 130 del in connection with arbitrary castra- tion.) Mutter, E. M., 1942, pp. 1-27. (Caste dif- ferentiation Prorhinotermes simplex, Flor- ida, extrinsic (inhibition theory), nymphs may transform to supplementary repro- ductives or soldiers even after attaining wing pads. No permanent well-defined worker caste.) Monvtatentl, G., 1927, pp. 529-532. (Italy, Calotermes flavicollis colonies kept alive for comparatively long time on diet solu- ble carbohydrates. After 3 to 4 days notable diminution in number of Joenie, Mesojoenie of caecum, after 10 days com- pletely disappeared; caecum became re- duced, other flagellates diminished in numbers. Does not prove that starving Protozoa without depriving termites of food is equivalent to nutrition neoteinics receive in nature.) 1929, pp. 108-128. (Termes lucifugus, Italy, 2 castes recognizable in 3d instar; gonads neuters develop precociously through ex- ternal cause.) Norror, C., 1949, pp. 600-602. (Development of neuters in Amitermitinae and Micro- cerotermitinae.) 19494, pp. 2053-2054. (Development of neuters in Nasutitermitinae.) 1950, Pp. 475-477. (Development of neuters in Macrotermitinae.) 1951, PP- 447-449. (Development of neuters in Termitinae.) 1953, Pp. 405-414. (Survival depends on group activities, licking, feeding, molting, nutrition not responsible for caste de- termination.) Pickens, A. L., 1932, pp. hormonal inhibitions.) 1938, pp. 1-2. (U.S., Reticulitermes, workers inhibited reproductiv es, soldiers arise from eggs laid somewhat late, each caste blends with others.) 1940, p. 1. (Reticulitermes, caste arrange- ment, 3 intercastes premature or delayed adulthood gives many subcastes.) 1943, pp. 116-118. (Reticulitermes, caste arrangement, caste taxonomy, intercastes transitional forms.) 1946, p. I. (Reticulitermes, caste arrange- ment, subcastes or hybrids in alates.) 1952, PP. 133-135. (Biochemical control of caste in an insect community, inhibitory secretion in termites, 2 sizes may be ex- pected in the intercastes.) 178-180. (Ecto- WHOLE VOL. 1954, pp. 71-74. (Inhibition theory; in R. flavipes colonies in laboratory after 4 years alates produced from primary pair, even in 5th year in 2 distinct sizes.) Pinto, M. P. D., 1941, pp. 73-105. (Ceylonese Calotermitidae, apterous and brachypter- ous neoteinics developed from undifferen- tiated nymphs in absence of functioning dealated adults in colony, or in groups of immature forms separated from pa- rental nest. Under certain conditions nymph can inhibit development of wing- pads even after latter have attained con- siderable size. Breeding experiments have shown that neoteinics can survive without assistance of immature forms and that they do not necessarily breed true.) Ross, H. H., 1948, pp. 209-211. (Hormones, inhibition theory.) Sivestri, F., 1901, pp. 479-484. (Origin of castes.) 1945, pp. 77-89. (Intercaste of Syntermes grandis. Snyper, T. E., 1913, pp. 487-488. (Differen- tiation soldier during molt and quiescent stage from workerlike form.) 1913a, pp. 162-165. (Changes during molt nymphs first and second forms and soldier.) 1920*, in Banks and Snyder, p. 112. (Food not cause caste differentiation, genetic.) 1925b, pp. 57-68. (Origin castes, genetic.) 1926f, pp. 522-552. (Origin castes, genetic; phylogenetic origin as evidenced by pale- ontology, taxonomy, and breeding ex- periments.) 1933c*, pp. 161-166. (Intermediate soldier- worker in Nasutitermes myersi, Brazil.) 1935¢, pp. 3-4. (Theories of origin of castes, genetic theory favored.) 1948, pp. 4-8. (Theories of origin of castes, inhibition theory most acceptable.) Snyper, T. E., and Popenog, E. P., 1932, pp. 153-158. (U.S., genetic theory origin castes.) BIBLIOGRAPHY OF TERMITES: SUBJ ECTS—-SNYDER 25 Srexia, E., and Guipint, G. M., 1942, pp. 825- 831. (Regression of gonads and evolution sterile castes Trinervitermes eldirensis and Bellicositermes.) Tuompson, C. B., 1917, pp. 83-136. (US., Reticulitermes, genetic theory origin castes.) 1919, pp. 379-398. (Development castes in 9 genera, 13 species. 1922, pp. 495-535. (U.S., origin castes in Termopsis.) Tuompson, C. B., and Snyper, T. E., 1919, pp. 115-132. (Phylogenetic origin castes.) 1920, pp. 591-633. (Wingless type repro- ductive form in Reticulitermes and Pro- rhinotermes.) WEESNER, F. M., 1953, pp. 289-294. (Arizona, Tenuirostritermes tenuirostris, presence of alates inhibits the appearance of young of same line; summary of various theories of caste determination, pp. 289-291.) Weyer, F., 1930b, pp. 177-190. (Germ glands in workers and soldiers.) 1931, Pp. 353-373. (“Blastogene” and “somatogene” theory of caste differentia- tion. In Eutermes amboinensis no sug- gestion of separation into 2 distinct groups of reproductive and worker-sol- dier individuals as claimed by Thompson (1917, 1922). Eggs contain potentialities for development into specific caste but extrinsic factors as presence quartz crys- tals among eggs (possibly causing un- equal oxygenation?) or differential han- dling or feeding of young by workers may modify the direction of develop- ment.) 1932, pp. 185-186. (Body, not germ, basis; influence of nutrition; first larval stage critical period.) WHEELER, W. M., 1907, pp. 1-93. (Characters represented in the germ as dynamic po- tencies, not morphological determinants.) CHEMICAL ANALYSIS, SECRETIONS Anprews, E. A., 1916, pp. 56-60. (India, analysis of soil of a mound showed in- creased proportion finer particles than in surrounding soil; analysis of fungus comb, organic matter 75.78% silica 19.09%, potash 0.12%, phosphoric acid 0.35%, lime 1.45%, magnesia 0.60%, nitrogen 1.98%, water 11.9%—all on dry substance.) Anonymous, 1938, p. 17. (Lime carbonate in mounds, East Africa.) AurrreT, C., and Tanouy, F., 1949, pp. I10- 112. (Chemical analysis of termites as food, living and fried, for certain races source of protein, fat, and calories.) BATHELLIER, J., 1922a pp. 399-403. (Nature of the glue of Eutermes.) Baumann, E., 1882, pp. 419-424. (Analysis of a termite nest from Australia.) CouEn, W., 1933, pp. 166-169. (Determina- tion cellulose, lignin, and other woody constituents mound Eutermes exitiosus, 26 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS ratio of lignin to cellulose indicates cellu- lose of wood used by termites has been largely degraded, while lignin remained largely unchanged.) Guipin1, G. M., 1938c, pp. 261-267. (Function of spongy lignin in nests of Metatermi- tidae.) Grassé, P. P., and Jory, P., 1941, pp. 57-62. (Walls mounds Amitermes evuncifer nearly pure earth, walls larval chambers 45.6% organic matter; walls mounds Cubitermes sp. and Bellicositermes na- talensis nearly pure earth.) GrirFitH, G., 1938, pp. 70-71. (Analysis soil of mounds different parts Uganda, agri- cultural value.) Hotpaway, F. G., 1933, pp. 160-165. (Com- position of different regions of mounds (walls and nursery) Eutermes exitiosus in 3 different regions Australia, soil anal- ysis 5 mounds—cellulose, lignin, etc., in- ner wall chosen for laboratory timber tests since its variability in organic con- tent and bulk were more suitable.) Koro, C. A., and Bows, E. E., zn Kofoid, 1934, 2d ed. pp. 534-539. (Resistant woods.) Osoima, M., 1919, pp. 337-338, 347-374. (Frontal gland acidulous secretions Cop- totermes formosanus soldier dissolves lime mortar, pp. 337-338; analysis resistant woods of Formosa—sesquiterpene alcohol and tectoquinone, pp. 341, 347-374.) VOL. 130 ScuirF, H., 1858, pp. 109-110. (Nests, Java.) Scutser, K., 1912, pp. 303-310. (Earthen tubes of Eutermes monoccros.) SHERRARD, E. C., and Kurtu, E. F., in Kofoid, 1934, 2d ed., pp. 554-563. (Resistant woods. SHRIKHANDE, J. G., and Patuax, A. N., pp. 327-328. (Termite galleries.) Snyper, T. E., 1935¢, p. 56. (Analysis pellets Cryptotermes brevis, mostly lignin, cellu- lose digested.) 1948, pp. 63-64, 153. (Analysis pellets Cryptotermes brevis, mostly lignin, cellu- lose digested, pp. 63-64; chemical ex- tractives in wood, p. 153.) Snyper, T. E., and Zetex, J., 1924. (Shelter tubes, Coptotermes niger—siliceous ma- terial, lignin, p. 16; Nasutitermes ephratae shelter tube mostly lignin, siliceous ma- terial practically absent, p. 20; shelter tube Microcerotermes arboreus siliceous material, lignin with no evidence of cellular structure present as was present in lignin in Coptotermes tube, p. 21; all tubes from Panama.) StumpER, R., 1923, pp. 409-411. (Chemical composition nests of Apicotermes occultus, Africa.) Tinton, L., 1946, pp. 865-868. (Chemical analysis termites as food, rich source pro- tein, value of 100 grams being 560.52 calories, high potassium and phosphoric acid, low in sulfates, oil high acidity.) 1948, CHEMICAL WARFARE ANONYMOUS, 1933, pp. 8-9. (Termite secre- tions used in warfare by insects.) Emerson, A. E., im Allee et al., 1949, pp. 425- 426. (Secretions by Rhinotermes and Nasutitermes.) Hineston, R. W. G., 1928, pp. 717-725. (India, Eutermes biformis, sticky clear fluid from beak of soldier for defense.) McLacuian, R., 1878, p. xii. (Termes tri- nervius and ripperti head secretions.) Snyper, T. E., 1926f, pp. 533-534. (Evolution of frontal gland, from primitive to spe- cialized termites, as an organ of defense— a sticky white secretion exudes from the tube, very effective against insect ene- mies.) 1935€, pp. 29-31. (Evolution of frontal gland, from primitive to specialized ter- mites, as an organ of defense—a sticky white secretion exudes from the tube, very effective against insect enemies.) 1948, pp. 34-36. (Protective secretions from frontal gland.) COLD, See TEMPERATURE COMMUNICATION Emerson, A. E., 1929a, pp. 722-727. (Dis- cussion by Kemner, disagrees with Emer- son on communication by _ vibration strata.) Futter, C., 1915a, pp. 329-504. (South Africa, calling attitude of females Termes na- talensis, latericius, and vulgaris on grass stems by violently agitating their wings.) WHOLE VOL. Hunt, E. H., 1910, pp. 196-197, 268-269. (Kuala Lumpur, Termes carbonarius hammer heads against nest, produce clicking sound.) Koro, C. A., 1934, 2d ed., p. 11. (By sound vibration.) Micuener, C. D., 1953, pp. I-15. (Females turn up tip abdomens after flight, odor.) BIBLIOGRAPHY OF TERMITES: SUBJ ECTS—-SNYDER 27 Snyper, T. E., 1915, p. 32. (Convulsive move- ments; odor.) 1926f, pp. 540-541. (Sensitive to vibration; odor. 1935e, pp. 28, 32, 51. (Sensitive to vibra- tion; odor. 1948, pp. 57-58. (Chordotonal organs, per- ceive sound or vibrations; odor.) CONTROL Apamson, A. M., 1937, pp. 141-149. (Trini- dad, general, resistant woods. Acarwata, S. B. D., Jua, M. P., and Sincu, R. P., 1954, pp. 231-232. (India, sugar- cane. Autiort, H., 1947, pp. 1-3. (Wood preserva- tion, Anprews, E. A., 1916, pp. 54-72. (Luskerpore Valley, India, tea bushes, prune, good cultivation, mound-building, subterranean termites. ) 1924, pp. 118-125. (Ceylon, tea bushes, Calotermes, burn badly damaged; clean out cavity, paint with creosote, fill with cement.) Anonymous, 1892, p. 201. (Remedies, fruit trees.) 1909, pp. 1-3. (South Africa, fumigation, “Universal Ant Exterminator.”) 1916, p. 59. (Use ammonia fumes, books, 1917, pp. 477-479. (Brazil, destruction mounds by hollowing out chamber in one side at base in which straw or other material is placed and lit—a draught being ensured by a hole driven obliquely through the mound, leading from the top of the combustion chamber to a point high up on the opposite side. Eu- termes rippertii, Termes tenuis, strunkt, and spinosus.) 1921, pp. 290-295. (Australia, chemical treatments, soil poisons.) 1923, pp. 50-55. (Protection airplanes, astern tropical Africa, keep off ground, sprinkle naphthalene on ground, shields, wood preservatives.) 1926, p. 22. (Protection buildings, U.S.) 1928, p. 80. (Wood preservation, U.S.) 1930, pp. 45-48, 59. (Panama, test buildings constructed of chemically impregnated timber.) 1934a, pp. 1-4. (Subterranean termites, buildings, Alabama.) 1935a, pp. 7-23. (Kaduna, Nigeria.) 1936, p. 434. (Protection buildings, U.S.) 1936a, pp. 6-7. (California, legislation.) 1936b, pp. 43-44. (Southern U.S., termite- proofing buildings.) 1936c, p. 10. (California, minimum stand- ards repair and treating.) 1936d, pp. 12-13. (Australia) 1936e, pp. 1-7. (US., fire hazard.) 19360, pp. 8-14. (U.S., questions answered by T. E. Snyder.) 1937, p- 19. (U.S., protection buildings, chemically treated timber.) 1937a, p. 2. (US., protection buildings chemically treated timber.) 1937b, p. 66. (U.S., legislation, wood preser- vation.) 1937c, p. 48. hazard.) 1937e, pp. 1-11. (U.S., general.) 1938a, pp. 1-4. (U.S., Better Business Bu- reau’s recommendations.) 1938b, pp. ror-t10. (Philippines.) 1938c, p. 19. (“Virus” used to control ter- mites, Australia, proved to be arsenicals.) 1940, p. 6. (Control subterranean type in buildings in U.S., by structural and chemical barriers, standards for pest con- trol operators.) 1940a, pp. 7-9, 15. (Remedial measures in buildings, U.S. Agric. Adjustment Ad- min.) 1941, p. 139. (Trichinoply, South India.) 1941a, pp. 339-342. (Use of pump to blow hot arsenic and sulfur fumes into nests, South Africa.) 1942, pp. 1-37. (U.S. Dept. Agriculture’s recommendations, structural and chemi- cal methods to control subterranean ter- mites attacking buildings; revision 1949, pp. 1-38, soil poison dosages increased.) 1944, pp. 1-4. (Revision of 1938, 3d ed., Better Business Bureau recommendations, subterranean termites, buildings, U.S.) 1945, pp. I-14. (Cawnpore, India, Ord- nance Laboratories methods.) 1946, pp. 8-11. (U.S.) 1947a, pp. 1-7. (Low-cost housing, Louisi- ana. 1947b, pp. 1-4. (N.S. Wales, Australia.) (U.S., “jerry-building” 28 1947¢, Pp. 14, 16. (Standard termite clause in connection with sale of properties, US.) 1947d, p. 18. (Northern California PCO’s greet Dr. Thomas E. Snyder and W. O. Buettner August 4-5, 1947, experimental fumigation control dry-wood termite.) 19471, pp. 1, 58-67. (U.S. Army’s recom- mendations for control termites, struc- tural and chemical.) 1948, pp. 1-20. (U.S. Dept. Agriculture’s recommendations for structural and chemical control, prevention, new build- ings.) I951 revision, pp. 1-26. (Soil poison dosages increased.) 1949, pp. 19-21. (Consumers Research Bulletin, control methods, U.S.) 1949m, pp. I-11. (Protection buildings, Tropics.) 1950, pp. 1-4. (Australia, general.) 1950a, pp. 75-105. (South Africa, general.) 1950b, p. 11. (What a termite inspection report (U.S.) should include.) 1951, pp. 1-250. (Approved references pro- cedures, National Pest Control Assoc., US.) 1952, pp. 37-38. (Real estate “clearances” or inspection reports on presence or ab- sence termites, California, Nebraska, Ten- nessee, U.S.) 1953a, pp. 27, 30. (Kansas, U.S.) 19532’, pp. 9-11, 36, 48. (U.S., poison soil before slab laid, install Hill-Smith “termi- pipe” system; pentachlorophenol sprays for foundation timbers.) 1953b, p. 12. (U.S. Schramm air com- pressors and air hammers, penetrate concrete.) 1953d, pp. 29, 34. (Warning by Atlanta, Ga., officials against poor termite control.) 1953g, p. 42. (U.S., slab drilling not ef- fective, space left not filled by chemical.) 19531, p. 29. (Florida, inspection form for report on termite infestation or not— cost $10.00.) 1953m, pp. 20, 22. (U.S., slabs (sealers for expansion joints best where rubber base), clearances for real estate, inspection re- ports, soil fumigants.) 19530, Pp. 37-52. (U.S. Navy’s recommen- dations control subterranean and dry- wood termites, structural and chemical.) 1954a, pp. 43-44, 46. (U.S., “Do it yourself” quotes Dr. T. E. Snyder—employ an expert.) Aupant, A., 1946, pp. 192-196. (Haiti.) Ayars, J. S., 1948, pp. 86-90. (Subterranean type, U.S.) 1949, Pp. 90, 92. (Subterranean type, U.S.) SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 130 Azrvepo, L. A. MARQUE DE, 1925, PP. 392-394. Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Bacu, M., 1860, pp. 406-415, 444-460. Back, E. A., 1940, pp. 365-374. (Fumigation books infested with dry-wood termites in vacuum cylinders.) Barre, W. J., 1940, pp. 1-27. (Preventing and remedying damage Arkansas, U.S.—USS. Dept. Agriculture’s methods.) Barre, W. J., and Lincoin, C., 1947, pp. I-10. (Preventing and remedying damage Ar- kansas, U.S.—U.S. Dept. Agriculture’s methods.) Bartietr, K. A., and Prank, H. K., 1942, pp. 19-23. (Puerto Rico, Cryptotermes brevis.) Basu, M., 1942, p. 617. (India, books fumi- gated in chamber with 40% formalde- hyde solution for 5 min., then placed on shelves on which were small bags containing a powder equal parts orris root (bach), cloves (labanga), black pep- per (golmorich) and cinnamon (dar- chini). No further attack by termites from May 1940 to May 1942.) Bates, G., 1926, pp. 4-5. (Australia, Masto- termes, clear timber near fields cane, bait mixture 4 parts arsenic by weight, caustic soda 1 part mixed dry, add water until dissolved, for every pound arsenic add 2 gal. molasses.) Bates, H. W., 1864, p. timber.) Beatty, J., 1953, pp. (Kansas City flood 1951 submerged termites 7 days but did not kill them; standard methods con- trol, U.S.) Besson, C. F. C., 1934, pp. 64-78. (India.) 1934a, Pp. 19-25. (India.) 1941, pp. 44-90. (India, termite-proofing buildings, resistant woods, use of ants in nurseries.) 1941a, Pp. 524-553. (India, termite-proofing buildings, resistant woods, use of ants in nurseries.) BenTLEY, G. M., and Rocers, J. L., 1931, pp. 1-22. (Tennessee.) Bercer, B. G., 1947, pp. 1-44. (Illinois; 2d ed., 1953, Illinois, structural, chemical.) Berkey, M. J., 1865, p. 453. (St. Helena.) BERNARD, C. (1919) 1920, pp. 28-30. (Java.) BonavENTuRA, G., 1953, pp. I-12. (Italy.) Bonavia, E., 1865, p. 237. (Admixture pulp American aloe with a plaster of clay and cow dung, preventive, gaol, Lucknow, India.) Borror, D. J., and DeLone, D. M., 1954, p. 149. (General.) 185. (Protection 20-22. <_< WHOLE VOL. Branpao, Firuo J. S., 1943, pp. 1-3. (Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.) 1949, pp. 6, 32. (Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.) Breck, P. A., 1953, p. 32. (Locate slab heat pipes with isotopes. Brook, A. A., 1930, pp. 71-73. (California, certified control. Brown, A. A., 1936, pp. 1-46. (California, structural and chemical, Public Works project.) Bruce, C. A., 1938, p. 1. (Advice to lumber dealers, U.S.) Bruce, E. L., 1931, pp. 7-9. (U.S., protection forest products.) Burns, A. N., 1926, p. 739. (Australia, sugar- cane, remove timber and burn adjacent to fields, clean strip land 1 to 2 chains wide outside infested fields; treat infested fence posts with mixture arsenic, caustic soda, and molasses.) Burns, A. W., and Muncomery, R. W., 1926, pp. 628-630. (Australia, giant white ant, sugarcane, mixture arsenic and molasses bait, tar treatment interferes with germi- nation, inject %4 oz. paradichlorobenzene on both sides sets, 12 in. apart, 4% in. deep, and 5 in. on each side. Clearing timber near cane fields and poison baits reduce damage to negligible.) Butter, J. E., 1948, p. 11. (Alabama.) Cacuan, P., 1950, pp. 1-29. (Madagascar, mechanical, chemical.) Cuarng, J., 1913, pp. 401-403. (Danger in transport in wood and furniture, France.) CHAMBERLAIN, W. F., and Hoskins, W. M., 1949, pp. 285-307. (Chemical protection food packages against Zootermopsis; 5% DDT in hot wax practicable.) CHAMBERLIN, W. J., 1949, pp. 11-27. (US., general.) CuatterjeE, N. C., BHatia, B. M., and Cuat- TERJEE, P. N., 1950, pp. 263-266. (Anti- termite characteristics of certain chemi- cals, India.) Crapp, W. F., 1937, pp. 12-14. (Massachu- setts, termite pit controlled experiments, Reticulitermes.) Crark, A. F., 1949, pp. 392-393. (Buildings, New Zealand.) Coaton, W. G. H., 1941, pp. 1-4. (South Af rica, protection buildings against Macro- termes, Odontotermes, and Hodotermes.) 1943, pp. 1-5. (South Africa, sodium ar- senite bait, Hodotermes.) 1947a, pp. 713-727. (South Africa, use of toxic smoke generators.) 1948, pp. 1-19. (South Africa, Trinervi- termes, mechanical, chemical.) BIBLIOGRAPHY OF TERMITES: SUBJ ECTS—-SNYDER 29 1948a, pp. 97-108. (South Africa, Trinervt- termes, mechanical, chemical.) 1948b, pp. 1-18. (Durban and Port Eliza- beth, South Africa, Cryptotermes brevis.) 1948d, pp. 1-38. (South Africa, Hodotermes and Mucrohodotermes, grazing land, crops, buildings, arsenical baits.) 1949, Pp. 335-338. (South Africa, queen removal ineffective.) 1949a, pp. 1-89. (South Africa, queen re- moval ineffective, subterranean termites, buildings, mechanical, chemical.) 1950, pp. 1-28. (South Africa, queen re- moval ineffective, subterranean termites, buildings, mechanical, chemical, culti- vated areas, harvester, mound fungus growers, carton nesting termites; baits, fumigation, cultural methods, soil poi- sons.) 1951, pp. 263-267, 277. (South Africa, Tri- nervitermes, natural mortality an aid to control, drought main factor in mortality, when occurring in successive years. Dur- ing population peak (70 colonies per morgen) can remove 100% of grass cover of veldt in 2 successive drought years. Control should be undertaken when na- ture has reduced population level to lowest ebb, fumigate nests. If mounds not inhabited, mound fragmentation rec- ommended.) CockErHAM, K. L. and Smiru, C. E., 1954, pp. 1-12. (Louisiana.) Cosar, H. G., 1934, pp. 67-73. (Africa, wood preservation, killing queen, destruction mounds, etc.) Cox, C. L., 1935, pp. 1-23. (Kaduna, Nigeria anti-termite work, resistant woods, wood preservation.) CraicHEAD, F. C., 1950, pp. 30-31, 43-47. (Nursery stock, timber, U.S. Cross, J. C., 1942, p. 433. (Crankcase oil as soil poison, U.S.) Cunua, O. R., 1935-1936, pp. 46-48; 30-32; 46-49; 67-69; 63-64; 1936, 56-57; 26-28. (Rio de Janeiro.) Davis, J. J., 1937, pp- 1-12. (Illinois, struc- tural, chemical.) 1946, pp. I-12. (Revision of 1937.) 1949, pp. 28, 32. (Responsibility of the pest control operator.) 1950, pp. 1-16. (4th revision of 1937.) Dawson, T. R., and Doytez, L. A., 1950, pp. ror-r05. (Protection vulcanized rubber with poisonous outer coats, repellents.) Décamps, M., 1936. (St. Helena, chemical.) 1937, pp. 1-87. (St. Helena, chemical.) 30 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS Deapiane, W. K., 1953, pp. 39-40. (US., subterranean termites infesting building without soil contact, water leak, soil poisons ineffective.) Detrasus, M., Lericre, A., and Pasquier, R., 1933, pp. 28-33. (Algeria, vineyards.) De Lone, D. M., 1931, pp. 177-180. (Ohio, buildings.) Denny, C., 1953, pp. 14, 16, 18, 20. (US., inspection slab-type homes.) 1954, Pp. 33-34, 40-42. (Precautions in treat- ing slab-houses. Deoras, P. J., 1949, pp. 445-446. (Mound- forming termites. Dievz, H. F., 1921, pp. 87-96. (Indiana, struc- tural.) 1924, pp. 299-301. (Indiana, structural.) Dietz, H. F., and Snyper, T. E., 1924, pp. 279-302. (Canal Zone and Republic Panama.) Diter, J. D., 1953, pp. 1-8. (Roll roofing as a soil cover reduces moisture vapor under buildings, prevents condensation and decay.) Dixon, W. A., 1910, p. 271. (Protection.) Ducas, D., 1949, pp. 87, 136-139. (U.S., avoid pest exterminators’ racket.) Dueast, R., 1947, pp. 192-194. (France, DDT Du Pressis, C., 1935, Pp. 423-425. (South Africa, structural, gas, poison baits.) D’Urra, G. R. P., 1905, pp. 1-10. (Sao Paulo, Brazil.) Easter, S. S., 1946, 2 pp. (Army posts, struc- tural, chemical.) Exeine, W., 1950, pp. 1-747. (U.S., trees.) Epwarps, W. H., 1939, pp. 1-32. (Jamaica, prevention.) Exruorn, E. M., in Kofoid, 1934, 2d ed., Pp. 330-333. (Poison dusts, fumigation with carbon disulfide, Hawaii.) Encperc, A. G., 1952, pp. 23-24. (Urgent need for building standards, U.S.) Feit, E. P., 1910, p. 34. (New York, U.S.) Fennan, R. G., 1951, pp. 97-113. (Trinidad and Tobago.) FERNALD, R. T., and Sueparp, Harorp H., 1955, p. 96. (General.) Feyraup, J., 1920b, pp. 440-442. (Reticuli- termes lucifugus, France, chloropicrin fumigation.) 1921, pp. 1-135. (R. lucifugus, France.) 1921a, pp. 17-23. (R. lucifugus, France, prevention: careful selection building ma- terial; remedy: fumigation, chloropicrin.) 1924, pp. 241-244. (Reticulitermes flavipes introduced from America to France.) VOL. 130 1924b, pp. 69-73. (Reticulitermes flavipes introduced from America to France.) 1925a, pp. 47-50. (Termites in wall killed by chloropicrin.) 1937, Pp. 113-126, buildings, France. 1946, pp. 1-128. (General.) 1949, chap. 10. (Buildings, general.) 1949a, Pp. 551-553. (Relative effect of hexachlorocyclohexane and DDT on Re- ticulitermes, France.) 1951, pp. 223-225. (Chemical mixtures in walls, soil poisons, France.) 1952. (Medicine of buildings, termitose.) 1953, pp. 1-158. (Malady of buildings, termitose, general, France.) Fretcuer, T. B., 1912, pp. 219-239. (India.) Fonseca, J. P. pa, 1950, pp. 57-84. (Brazil, plantations Eucalyptus poor soil, Sao Paulo, Syntermes, plants 8 to 10 months- old killed, older survive, 70% of 2 million seedlings destroyed. 3% arsenic trioxide in holes—1 Ib. per plant most effective.) Forses, H. O., 1885, pp. 1-536. (Eastern Archipelago.) Forses, S. A., 1895, pp. 198-199. (Illinois, structural, chemical.) Froccatt, W. W., 1905, pp. 632-656, 753-774. (Australia, houses and orchards. 1905a, pp. 1-47. (Australia, fruit trees.) Frutos, N., 1943, pp. 17-18. (Paraguay.) Futtaway, D. T., 1920, pp. 294-301. (Ha- wail.) 1926, pp. 68-88. (Hawaii, structural, and chemical, buildings.) 1927a, pp. 117, 123-126. (Hawaii, Snyder’s recommendations for termite-proofing buildings.) 1929a, p. 134. (Hawaii, Snyder’s recom- mendations for termite-proofing build- ings.) Futrer, C., roor, pp. 84-86. (Natal, South Africa, shields.) 1912, pp. 814-823. (Natal, South Africa, shields, buildings, structural, chemical; soil poisons, fumigation, “Universal Ant Destroyer,” orchards, plantations.) IgI2a, pp. 345-369, 543-571. (Natal, South Africa, poison baits, soil poisons (solution arsenic), wood preservatives, fumigation (carbon bisulphide), “Universal Ant De- stroyer,” removal queen ineffective.) 1919a, pp. 301-305. (South Africa, Hodo- termes, poison baits, fumigation.) Furniss, R. L., 1953, p. 20. (U.S., control damp-wood termites, repeated treatments as for carpenter ants, structural modi- 145-154. (Protection WHOLE VOL. fications to eliminate moisture, 4 of 1% chlordane solution or pentachlorophenol.) GazraMBibE, J. B., 1947, p. 181. (Puerto Rico, Cryptotermes brevis.) Goésswa.p, K., 1942, pp. 37-39, 47-50. (Ter- mite-proofing material.) 1943a, Pp. 13-21, 30-34. (Termite-proofing material.) 1949, pp. 99-134. (Termite-proofing tex- tiles. GranaM, S. A., 1929, pp. 8, 9, 25, 53, 65, I0T, 215, 224, 235-240. (U.S., general.) 1952 (revision of 1929), pp. 88, 296-300, 304-305, 321, 334. (U.S., general.) Grassé, P. P., 1936, pp. 265-306. (General.) Gravety, F. H., 1945, pp. 439-440. (India, paraffin wax as protection ground sheets, books against termites.) Gutvap1, S. V., 1947, pp. 353-354. (Benzene hexachloride, India. Gunn, J. W., 1952, pp. 14, 16, 18. (Fulfilling government (Navy) bid.) 1953, p. 20. (California, under slabs 3 lbs. ethylene dibromide per 100 sq. ft., 10% solution sodium arsenite.) Hacxtey, R. E., 1946, pp. 16, 18. (Inspections buildings for control, U.S.) Hamirton, M. J., 1933-1934, PP- 337-344, 25- 30. (Buildings, U.S.) Harris, W. V., 1943, pp. 146-152. (Buildings, East Africa.) 1954d, pp. 455-459. wealth.) 1954€, pp. wealth.) Harrison, C. J., 1946, pp. 1-18. (India, tea bushes, injections on 3 successive days with 24% oz. of 1.5% gammexane com- pletely destroyed white ants in nests 2 ft. in diameter and 1 ft. deep.) Harrow, K. M., 1942, pp. 47B-52B. (New Zealand, mandatory inspection buildings, control by poison dust.) Hartnack, H., 1939, pp. 87-111. (Methods U.S. Dept. Agriculture.) 1943, pp. 1-542. (Methods U.S. Dept. Agri- culture. Harvey, P. A., 1939, pp. 1-41. (Kalotermes minor, California.) Hasz, A., 1942, pp. 35-36. (Termite-proofing textiles.) Haseman, L., buildings.) Hasster, K., and MesecHer, R., 1949, pp. 16, 18. (Minimum standards, buildings, California.) Heavier, T. J., Jersey.) (British Common- 126-132. (British Common- 1944, pp. 1-15. (Missouri, 1936. (Buildings, New BIBLIOGRAPHY OF TERMITES: SUBJ ECTS—-SNYDER 31 1937, Pp- 337-341. (Buildings, New Jersey structural. Hearsey, J.. Rospinson, E. W., and Bates, H. W., 1863, pp. 185-186. (St. Helena, India, and Amazon, resistant wood (Acapu-Amazon), wood preservation.) Heceu, E., 1922, pp. 14-17. (General.) Hers, W. B., 1934, pp. 1-4. (Reticulitermes hesperus, California. 1946, p. 19. (Reticulitermes hesperus, Cali- fornia.) Herrick, G. W., 1914, pp. 1-470. buildings.) Hespeer, O., 1952, pp. 999-1004. (Preven- tion, soil poisons, wood preservatives.) Herrick, L. A., 1954, pp. 1-22. (Florida, structural, chemical.) Hicxin, N. E., 1955, p. 19. (Africa, preserv- ing woodwork.) : Hun, G.. F., 19304, pps 220-224... (Federal Capital Terr., Australia.) Hirt W.. Ba 41053,)\pp- 9-11, -30,1. 48. 10U.S., basementless housing. 1953a, p. 37. (Bonds do not guarantee replacements.) Soe G. L., 1948, p. 34. (New basis, US. 1949, pp. 9-13, 38. (Wall void treatment, US.) (US., 1949a, pp. 28-31, 34. (Accepted reference procedures, subterranean termites, U.S.) Hocxine, B., 1943, pp. 1-6. (How, when, and where to control, India.) Hover, C. G., 1947, pp. 12-14. (Importance inspection reports, U.S.) 1949, pp. 30, 32. (Fumigation, Kalotermes minor, California.) Honcxiss, H. E., 1937, pp. 1-14. (Pennsyl- vania.) Ho.tpaway, F. G., and Huu, G. F., 1936, pp. 135-136. (Poison dusts, white arsenic, Eutermes exitiosus, Australia.) Hopkins, A. D., 1909, p. 84. (Use sound, dry timber, wood preservatives, drench as kerosene, fumigate, carbon bisulfide, US. Howe tt, J. L., 1952, p. 27. (Safety measures, Hunt, E. H., 1910, pp. 196-197, 268-260. (Kuala Lumpur, Termes carbonarius, ‘Universal White Ant Exterminator.”) Hunt, G. M., and Snyper, T. E., 1930-1950, 1952. (International termite exposure tests, wood preservatives.) Hunt, R. W., 1949, pp. 959-962. (Poison dusts, fumigation, Kalotermes minor, California.) 32 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS Hutson, J. C., 1923, pp. 83-87, 291-298. (Calo- termes, tea bushes, paint cavity with creo- sote, fill with cement, Ceylon.) Isaac, P. V., 1946, pp. 75-76. (Microcero- termes heimi, India. IsHERWooD, H. R., 1950, pp. 18-19, 50. (Build- ing terms defined, USS.) 1951; Pp. 22-23. (Vulnerable portions build- ings, US. James, H. C., 1932, pp. 1-6. (Kenya, pump fumes arsenic and sulfur into nests.) Jannone, G., 1954, pp. 117-118. (Genoa, Italy.) Jarvis, E., 1926, pp. 47-50. (Cane pests, Bris- bane, Queensland.) 1926c, pp. 103-105. (Australia, Meringa, giant cane termite, applying poison baits to infested stumps, roots, and posts, dig- ging out and killing queen, burning old logs and trees on headlands, dipping ends of sets in hydrated tar before planting.) 1927, pp. 85-88. (Cane pests, Brisbane, Queensland.) Jenkins, C. F. H., 1941, pp. 22-26. (Earth- dwelling termites, Perth, Australia.) Jerson, F. P., 1924, pp. 7-10. (Tea bushes, Ceylon. 1928, pp. 869-870. (Tea bushes, Ceylon, carbon bisulfide or paradichlorobenzene.) 1929, pp. iv+36. (Termite-proof construc- tion buildings, Ceylon.) 1929a, pp. 307-311. (Tea bushes, Calo- termes, Ceylon.) 1929b, pp. 1-11. (Living plants, Calotermes, Ceylon, paris green 3 to 4 months to kill colony, 3,000 bushes, 244 cents per bush.) 1930a, pp. 191-195. (Tea bushes, Ceylon.) 1931a, pp. 67-69. (Mound-building termites, Ceylon.) Jepson, W. F., 1939, pp. 40-51. (Crypto- termes, Heterotermes, Nasutitermes, Mau- ritius.) Jones, N. L., 1929, pp. 810-812. (Buildings, N.S. Wales, creosote oil.) JorcENnson, M. G., 1945, pp. 1-92. (Buildings, California.) Katsuoven, L. G. E., 1952, pp. 1-7. (Java, Neotermes tectonae, teak trees, when girdled during thinning, infested trees if felled within 8 months, which period may include one dry season, not source infestation surrounding forest; infested trees should be felled well before end second dry season, to protect ungirdled green trees from swarming adults.) Kamesan, S., 1936, pp. 93-113. (India, pro- tection timber, resistant woods, wood preservatives.) VOL. 130 Keck, C. B., 1953, pp. 187-194. (Hawaii, buildings, structural.) Kersey, J. M., 1946b, pp. 65-100. (New Zealand, poison dusts, wood preserva- tives.) 1953, pp. 3-7- (Supplementary termites and control. Kine, C. B. R., 1938, pp. 195-205. (Ceylon, tea bushes, destroy infested roots, inject paris green.) Know ttTon, G. F., and CoutaM, J., 1951, pp. 1-2; (Utah, US:) Koro, C. A. (Ed.), 1934, 2d ed., pp. 579- 765. Koro, C. A., 1935, pp. 275-278. (California, USS.) Kowat, R. J., 1949, p. 34. (U.S.) Kurtert, L. C., 1951, pp. 16, 40. (Prevention, Florida, U.S.) LacaupE, H., Torrion, L., 1950, pp. 17-20. LanerorD, G. S., 1953, pp. 36-37. (Southern U.S. buildings, chlordane, soil poison.) Lecranp, Ep., 1855, pp. 354-356. (France.) Lewis, B., and Snyper, T. E., 1944, pp. 16-20. (1, 2, 3, 3% principles (mechanical and chemical) control subterranean termites, US.) Luoste, J., 1950, pp. 71-72. (Chlordane.) Licut, S. F., 1925, p. 287. (Shielding.) 1925a, p. xiv. (Shielding.) 1929, pp. 1-28. (California.) Licut, S. F., RanpALL, M., and Wuire, F. G., 1930, pp. 1-64. (California, damp-, dry- wood, and subterranean termites, chemi- cal and structural control.) Lino, S. L., 1950, pp. 9-11. (Termite agree- ment as a sales builder.) 1952, p. 35. (Legal liability on seller who attempts fraudulent concealment of build- ing infestation.) Linstey, E. G., 1948, pp. 8-9, 11. termes hesperus, California.) Lockett, H. W., 1935-1936, pp. 3-4. (Fire hazard.) Lor, D’A., 1903, pp. 19-31. (Rhodesia, fumi- gation by pumping gas.) (Reticuli- 1903a, pp. 1290-1291. (Rhodesia, fumiga- tion by pumping gas.) Lomax, J. W., 1950, pp. 1-16. (Nebraska, buildings.) Lorrz-Penna, H. D., 1940, p. 449. (Domini- can Republic, Cryptoter mes brevis.) Liscuer, M., 1951, pp. 10-12. (Chemical control.) Lye, C., and Murpures, L. C., 1949, p. 2. (Mississippi. ) Macartuour, K., 1949, pp. 9-11. (U-S., poles.) Mac Grecor, W. D., 1950, pp. 1-41. (British Commonwealth, general.) WHOLE VOL. McCain, W. H., 1949a, pp. 24-25. (US., buildings.) 1950, P. 30. McCarry, W. E., and Fuint, W. P., 1938, pp. 1-19. (Illinois, buildings, structural and chemical.) 1940, pp. 1-23. (Illinois, buildings, struc- tural and chemical.) McDant1, E. I., 1934, pp. 1-14. (Michigan, buildings, mechanical and chemical.) 1938, pp. 1-14. (Revision of 1934.) Matramarre and Rostot, 1948, pp. 941-942. (French Sudan, hexachlorocyclohexane and polychlorocyclane.) Matis, A., 1945, pp. 1-566. (U.S.) 1954, pp. 1-1068. (U.S., revision of 1945.) Mamet, R., and Durocuer-Yvon, F., 1942, pp. 197-207. (Mauritius.) Marais, S. J. S., and Tipmarsu, C. E., 1953, pui2. Martatt, C. L., 1896, pp. 70-76. (U.S., Re- ticulitermes flavipes, buildings, structural methods.) 1902, pp. 1-8. (U.S., Reticulitermes flavipes, buildings, structural methods.) 1908, pp. 1-8. (U.S., Reticulitermes flavipes, buildings, structural methods.) Miter, A. E., 1926, pp. 1-8. (Illinois, build- ings. 1928, pp. 1-12. (Illinois, buildings.) Miter, E. M., 1949, pp. 1-30. (Florida, buildings.) Miter, J. M., 1941, pp. 6-7. (California, charge for inspection buildings recom- mended.) Mott, F., 1910, p. 239. (Protection wood, chemical preservation.) 1915, pp. 591-605. (Protection structural timbers, wood preservation, Tropics.) Moran, R. N., 1954, pp. 3, 5- (North Zulu- land, harvester termite. Morgan, C. S., 1939, pp. 48-52. (Fire hazard of control. Morris, R. C., 1954, pp. 100-101. (Southern U.S. and Panama Canal Zone, dry-wood termites, sprays or injection trichloro- benzene and thylene dibromide, with chlordane 2%, or BHC.) MurruHeap, D. M., 1937, pp. 87-91. metal shields.) Mukerji, D., and Mirra, P. K., 1948, pp. 34-48. (Calcutta, Odontotermes rede- manni.) 1949, pp. 9-27. (Calcutta, Odontotermes redemanni, mechanical destruction nest only if royal pair removed; unrepaired nests have colony killed by excessive growth fungus; if not prevented, workers quickly repair nest.) (WLS, BIBLIOGRAPHY OF TERMITES: SUBJ ECTS—-SNYDER 33 Mutn, F. A., 1926, pp. 153-154, 161-162. (Creosote, impregnated window sills, New Orleans, La., building code.) NaracanaNn, E, S. and Lat, R., 1952, pp. 21-30. (India, crops, benzene hexachloride effective on seeds and in soil.) Naupé, T. J., 1935, pp. 1-20. (South Africa, damage to veld by fungus growers and harvesters; plowing, thorough cultivation, arsenic and sulfur fumes, petrol, queen must be killed, poisoned bait.) NEETHLING, L. J., 1952, p. 65. (Trinervitermes havilandi, South Africa, mechanical frag- mentation and fumigation—petroleum product.) NeweE Lt, R. E., 1952, p. 67. (U.S., Chlor-Kill 5 dust.) 1952a, p. 498. (U.S., chlordane.) New SoutH Watts Forestry CoMMISSION, pp. 1-16. (New South Wales.) Niruta, K. K., Antony, J., and MENon, K. P. V., pp. 26-34. (India, damage to coconut palms by Odontotermes obesus and control.) 1954, p- 148. (India, organic insecticides.) Norort, C., and Arriotr, H., 1947, pp. 1-96. (Insulation and general.) O’Kaneg, W. C., and Oscoop, W. A., 1922, pp. 1-20. (Heat and soil poison.) Osporn, E. H., 1926, pp. 707-708. (Burdekin District, Australia, giant white ant attack- ing sugarcane controlled by arsenic-mo- lasses bait, when nearby stumps and fences poisoned.) Osuma, M., 1915, pp. 1-88. (Investigations— in Japanese.) 1917, pp. 1-175. (Investigations—in Jap- anese. ) 919, pp. 319-383. (Mechanical and chemi- cal, Formosa. 1920, pp. 314-321, 346-355. (Mechanical and chemical, Formosa. 1923, PP- 332-334. (Pacific region.) OramenpI, J. C., 1947, pp. 1-22. (Argentina, prevention and remedies, wood-destroy- ing termites.) Orro, H., 1951, pp. 10-11, 13. (South Africa, Free State farm, Hodotermes mossambi- cus controlled by water.) Pacxarp, H. R., 1951, pp. 9-10. (Kalotermes, Southern California.) Parker, D., 1947, pp. 14-15. (U.S.) Parks, T. H., 1935, pp- 1-8. (Ohio.) 1944, pp. 1-8. (Ohio, Reticulitermes flavipes in buildings.) 1951, pp. 1-11. (Ohio, Reticulitermes fla- vipes in buildings.) ParneEL1, R., 1930, pp. 1-42. (Punjab, attack 34 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS on cuttings Eucalyptus checked by water- nig with nicotine-impregnated water.) PareL, G. A., and Pater, H. K., 1952, pp. 133-140. (India, fruit trees.) Patterson, W. H., 1925, pp. 3-17. (T. natal- ensis, Accra, Gold Coast, in buildings.) Pepper, J. O., and Geset, S. G., 1952, pp. 1-14. (Pennsylvania.) Prscort, E. E., 1947, pp. 6. (Resistant woods, Melbourne, Australia.) Perry, B. K., 1948, pp. 1-15. (Residual tox- icity DDT, benzene hexachloride, chlor- dane against Trinervitermes havilandi, South Africa.) Pinuerro, J. V., 1949, p. 47. (Subterranean termites, Brazil. Pomeroy, A. W. J., 1927, pp. 1-21. (Accra and Achinots, Gold Coast, Africa.) Poutirrs, R., 1945, pp. 43-44. (France, Calo- termes flavicollis and Reticulitermes lu- cifugus.) QuatreFaces, A. DE, 1853, pp. 5-15. (Use gases.) Rao, G. N., 1951, pp. 330-331. (Control ter- mites in sugarcane.) RatcuirFE, F. N., and Cummins, J. E., 1939, pp. 221-228. (Australia, food prefer- ences.) RatcuirFE, F. N., Gay, F. J., and Greaves, T., 1952, pp. 120-124. (Australia, general, resistant woods, sanitation, structural, chemical.) Reep, W. D., Bunn, R. W., and Branton, F. S., 1947, pp. 289-293. (Control by U.S. Army Engineers, costs.) Reep, W. D., Beat, J. A., and Kowat, R. J., 1953, pp- Fi-Fir. (U.S., résumé of re- search on control subterranean and dry- wood termites, structural and chemical.) Rei, K., 1909, p. 446. (Africa (Equatorial), killing queen.) RicHarps, P, B., 1917, pp. 338-348. (Malaya, Termes gestroi damage to rubber and coconut prevented by clearing timber.) Roark, R. C., 1942, p. 14. (Effect rotenone and rotenoids from derris.) Roney, J. N., 1945, pp. 1-6. (Arizona, pre- vention damage. Rossi, R. T., and Snyper, T. E., 1934, pp. 755-750. (U.S., poles, soil poisons.) Rowe, V. K., Spencer, H. C., McCorrister, D. D., Hoxiincswortu, R. L., and Apams, E. M., 1952, pp. 158-173. (1% ethylene dibromide highest safe dosage.) St. Georce, R. A., 1939, pp. 13-15. (U.S., buildings.) 1952, p. 20. (Chlordane emulsion does not kill vegetation when used as soil poison.) VOL. 130 Sr. Grorce, R. A., and Furry, M. S., 1946, pp. 207-210, reprint pp. 1-4. (U.S., chemi- cal protection fabrics.) Sanpers, G. E., 1937, pp. 92-94. (Northeastern U.S., metal shields, soil poisons.) Santos, E., 1954, pp. 43-44, 48. (Brazil.) 1954a, pp. 56-57. (Woods attacked.) Scumuipt, H., 1950, pp. 1-37. (General.) 1950C, pp. 73, 75. (Wood preservation.) 1951a, p. 6. (Export industry and termite protection, Germany.) 1953, p. 422. (Export industry and termite protection, Germany.) Scumitt, J. B., 1944, pp. 1-11. (Prevention, remedies, structural, chemical, New Jersey.) 1951, pp. I-12. (Prevention, remedies, struc- tural, chemical, New Jersey.) Scrwimner, C., 1952, pp. 23, 24. (Slab type construction, U.S.) 1955, Pp. 27, 32. (U.S., mechanical, slab ouses. Scott, K. G., 1951, pp. 34, 37, 40. (“Seal-off” dirt-filled porches, Southern California.) 1952, p. 36. (Pentachlorophenol, copper naphthenate, carbon tetrachloride, STD— ethylene dibromide, 1 to 2% chlordane, and 350° flashpoint kerosene, slab con- struction, California.) SERRE, P., 1909, pp. 188-192. (Cuba.) Suanps, J. S., 1933, pp. 10-11; 6-7. (Southern US.) Smmeone, J. B., 1954, pp. 661-663. (New York, structural, chemical, building codes.) Simpson, C. B., 1906, pp. 1-13. (Transvaal.) SitH, J. H., and Forsgs, A. C., 1944, pp. 83, 85-88. . (New Zealand.) Smitu, M. W., 1952, pp. 9, 10, 12. (Slab type construction.) 1953, p. 41. (Remove tar stains hardwood floors over slabs with carbon tetrachloride, cleaners’ naphtha, or white gasoline mixed to a thin paste with diatomaceous earth or finely divided talc—after tar has dried.) SmirH, R. H., 1946, pp. 14-16, 18-19. (His- torical, control Reticulitermes, U.S.) SmytHE, E. G., 1919a, p. 138. (Eutermes morio, Puerto Rico.) Snyper, T. E., 1910, pp. 1-12. (Poles, U.S.) IgiI, pp. 1-6. (Poles, U.S.) 1912, pp. 1-4. (Mine props, U.S.) 1915, pp. 76-82. (Poles, buildings—struc- tural, chemical, resistant woods.) 1916, pp. 26-32. (Plants, buildings—struc- tural, chemical, resistant woods, fumiga- tion.) WHOLE VOL. rgi6a, pp. 12-20. (Structural, chemical.) r91ga, pp. 10-16. (Plants, buildings—struc- tural, chemical.) tg1gb, p. 58. (Resistant woods, wood preservation.) 1920, pp. 7-20. (Reprint of 1919a by Cali- fornia State Dept. Agriculture.) r920b, pp. 1110-1112. (Structural, build- ings, U.S.) 1922a, pp. 69-74. (Poles, U.S.) 1925a, p. 389. (Buildings, structural, U.S.) 1925d, pp. 353-354. (Buildings, structural, USS., illustr. pp. 277-278.) 1925¢€, pp. 6-7, 12-13. (Buildings, structural, US.) 1925f, pp. 32-33. (Buildings, structural, US.) 1926, pp. 23-25. (Buildings, structural, US. 1926a, p. 14. (Buildings, U.S., paints, wood preservatives.) 1926c, pp. 1-21. (U.S. Dept. Agriculture’s methods control, structural and chemical (foundation timbers impregnated creo- sote); buildings, stored material, plants; last revision, pp. 1-22, in 1939.) 1926d, pp. 11, 27, 67. (Structural, chemical, buildings, U.S.) 1926e, pp. 14-20. (Poles.) 1926h, p. 254. (Buildings, California.) 1927f, pp. 82-83. (Buildings, structural, chemical.) 19272, pp. 12-13. (Buildings, structural, LOR) 1927h, pp. 15-17. (Buildings, structural, U.S., and wood preservation.) 1927k, pp. 309-314. (Buildings, structural, U.S., wood preservation and fumigation.) 1928, pp. 274-276. (Buildings, structural.) 1928a, pp. 135-138. (Poles, chemical and mechanical barrier.) 1928d, pp. 240-242. (Buildings, structural.) 1929, p. 44. (Buildings, structural, Ha- waii. 1929b, pp. 17-28. (Buildings, structural, chemical, Pan-Pacific area.) 1929¢, pp. 18-38. (Buildings, structural, chemical, general.) 1929d, pp. 143-151. (Buildings, structural, U.S.) 19292, pp. 1-19. (Buildings, structural, U.S., and chemical, Gulf States.) 1920], pp. 1-15. (Buildings, structural, U.S., and chemical, Gulf States, Pacific area.) 1929k, pp. 210-213. (U.S., buildings, struc- tural, chemical.) 19291, pp. 2-5. (U.S. Dept. Agriculture, structural termite-proofing specifications.) BIBLIOGRAPHY OF TERMITES: SUBJECTS—~SNYDER 35 1929m, pp. 5-11, 31-42. (U.S., proper con- struction buildings.) 1929n, pp. 96-108. (U.S., poles, chemical.) 19290, pp. 268-277. (U.S., buildings, struc- tural, termite-proofing provisions.) 1930, pp. 261-269, 290. (General.) 1930a, p. 20. (U.S., buildings.) 1931*, pp. 531-571. (Buildings, structural, chemical. 1932, pp. 228-230, 283. (Buildings, struc- tural, chemical, U.S.) 1932b, pp. 25, 27, 31, 34. (Buildings, struc- tural, chemical, U.S. 1933a, pp. 397-399. (Buildings, structural, chemical, U.S.) 1933b, pp. 1-8. (U.S. Dept. Agriculture, buildings, structural, chemical; revised 1936.) 1934, in Kofoid, 2d ed., p. 341. (West Indies, resistant woods.) 1934a, pp. 1-21, revision of 1926c. (General.) 1934b, pp. 5-6, 12. (U.S., buildings, struc- tural, chemical.) 1935a, pp. 70-78. (U.S., buildings, struc- tural, chemical.) 1935b, pp. 115-119, 128. (U.S., buildings, structural, chemical.) 1935¢, pp. 1-6. (U.S., buildings, structural, chemical.) 1935d, pp. 5-6, 28-30. structural, chemical.) 1935€, pp. 128-170. (General, buildings, structural, chemical, stored material, poles, living vegetation; revised 1948.) 1936, pp. 92-94, 103. (U.S., buildings, struc- tural, chemical.) 1937, pp. 26-33. (Louisiana, buildings, structural, chemical.) 1938, pp. 6-9. (U.S., buildings, structural, chemical.) 1930, pp. 7-9. (U.S., buildings, structural, chemical.) 1939a, p. 1. (U.S., soil poisons, wood pre- servatives. 1947, pp. 8-13. (US., buildings, structural, chemical.) 1947a, pp. 36-38, 45. (Panama, wood pre- servatives, buildings.) 1947b, pp. 144-147. (U.S., buildings, struc- tural, chemical.) 1947¢, p. 12. (U.S., buildings, structural, chemical.) 1948 (Revision of 1935¢), Pp. 157-225. (General.) 1949, PP- 432-436. (General.) 1949c, p. 24. (U.S., soil poisons.) 1949d, pp. 264-272. (Buildings, structural, chemical.) (U.S., buildings, 36 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS 1950, pp. 12-14. (Buildings, U.S., fumiga- tion, soil poisons—chlordane emulsion does not kill vegetation.) 1950c, p. 205. (South America, resistant woods. 1950d, pp. 13-16. (Buildings, U.S., struc- tural, chemical, nonsubterranean _ ter- mites. ) 1951, p. 28. (Structural, chemical, build- ings, U.S.) 1951a, pp. 237, 250, 261. (Structural, chemi- cal, buildings, U.S.) 1952b, pp. 34, 48. (Safe use arsenicals as soil poison, wallboard poison, and as wood preservative.) 1952c, p. 30. (U.S., wood preservative treatments to prevent reinfestation build- ings after fumigation.) 1952g, pp. 14, 16, 18. (History of research on control, U.S. 1953b, p. 30. (Soil poisons before concrete slab poured, U.S.) 1953e, p. 30. (U.S., excellent control op- erations by some commercial firms.) 1955e, pp. 20-21. (U.S., hazards of slab-on- grade construction, soil poison for con- trol.) Snyper, T. E., MippLetron, W., and Keen, F. P., 1923, p. 418. (Historical, U.S.) Snyper, T. E., and Reep, W. D., 1949, pp. 1-14. (Structural, chemical.) Snyper, T. E., and Zetex, J., 1924, pp. 22-24. (Panama, "buildings, structural, chemical.) 1934, im Kofoid, 2d ed., pp. 344-346. (Panama, buildings, structural, chemical.) Soara, C., 1949, pp. 17, 19. (Brazil, Corni- termes. Soue, G., 1951, pp. 227-231. (U.S.) SreEr, H. B., 1952, pp. 26, 44-45. (U.S., struc- tural, chemical. Srettinius, E. R., 1944, p. 149. (West Africa, airfields rid of termites by bulldozers and chemicals.) STROTHMAN, H. F., 1949, pp. 13, 36. (Struc- tural, U.S.) SweeT, C. V., and Jounson, R. P. A., 1936, pp. 1-46. (Use of selected lumber in building, U.S.) SwEETMAN, H. L., and Bourne, A. I., 1944, pp. 605-609. ’ (Asphalt laminated kraft paper sealed with asphalt-glue adhesive gave some protection against subterranean termites, U.S.) Tams_yn, N., 1946, pp. 2-3, 3-4. ye Teoria, T. P. S., 1952, pp. 89-91. (India.) THEOBALD, F. V., 1903, pp. 158-163. (Sudan, general.) 1904, pp. 104-106, 119-121. (Attack on VOL. 130 wine corks, buildings in Basses-Pyrénées, France.) Tuomas, A., 1953, pp. 9-10, 12, 14, 28. (US., advice to commercial operators on bid- ding for Navy contracts and how to do effective work.) Tuomas, V. E., 1952, pp. 33-34. (Contracts, guarantees, and bonds, U.S.) Tuompson, W. L., 1933, pp. 84-87. (Florida, injection paris green into citrus trees in- fested with dry-wood termites renders fruit more acid.) Trrevu, M. O., 1951, pp. 6-13. (Italy.) Trevor, G. G., Str, 1934, pp. 27-35. (India.) Tronson, W., 1045, pp. 25-35. (Australia, paint timber with hot solution sodium arsenite. ) Tryon, H., 1903, p. 284. (Castor-oil cake and Gardinia gumifera juice for repelling Termes taprobanes in timber in Australia; also used in repelling termites from growing plants in Central Provinces.) Turner, N., 1937, pp. 94-98. (U.S., relation State workers to commercial termite con- trol companies.) 1940, pp. 10-11. (U.S., commercial termite control operations.) 1941, pp. 16-17. (Connecticut.) 1944, pp. 6, 8, 10. (U.S., protection build- ings under wartime conditions.) 1947, pp. 12-16. (U.S., control 1947 model.) 1949, pp. 1-8. (Connecticut, buildings.) Turner, N., and Townsenp, J. F., 1936, pp. 209-242. (Connecticut, buildings.) Turner, N., Townsenp, J. F., and Zapper, M. P., 1935, pp. 241-245. (Cost of repairs to buildings, Connecticut.) Turner, N., and Zapre, M. P., 1936, pp. 195- 198. (Connecticut, damage and report on the work of control companies.) 1938, pp. 208-217. (Connecticut, case stud- ies in control.) Turner, N., Zappe, M. P., and TownseEnp, J. F., 1937, pp. 392-396. (Connecticut, buildings.) Uicuanco, L. B., 1932, pp. 953-955. (Philip- pines, fumigation with carbon bisulfide against Cryptotermes.) Van ZWALUWENBERG, R. H., 1916, p. 44. (Porto Rico, Leucotermes is Crypto- termes.) 1918, pp. 25-28. (Porto Rico, Crypto- termes.) Viapo, G. B., 1950, pp. 3, 39. Von ScureNK, A., 1936, pp. 528-530. (Pre- vention, U.S. VumteT, A., 1911, pp. 83-84. WHOLE VOL. Wau, R. O., and Powett, A. R., 1927, pp. 125-140. (Importance nest structure in fumigation with Cyanogas.) Wanp, B. (Ed.), 1936, p. 9. (Damage over- estimated, proper construction recom- mended.) Watson, E. B., and THompson, R. W., 1945, pp. 1-5. (Ontario, Canada.) 1948, pp. 1-5. (Ontario, Canada.) Warson, J. R., 1938, pp. 8, 23. (In banked citrus trees, remedy, U.S. 1940, pp. 3, 18. (Control in citrus groves, US. Werner, H., 1954, pp. 337-351. (Advances in applied knowledge of termites, Ger- many.) 1954a, pp. 170-172. (Hamburg, Germany.) Wixinson, H., 1940, p. 72. (East Africa, fumigation mound nests.) Wirtwer, J. C., 1954, pp. 114-117, 179-180. (U.S., “do it yourself” termite control, soil poisons—chlordane and Terminator crystals.) BIBLIOGRAPHY OF TERMITES: SUBJ ECTS—SNYDER 37 Wo tcort, G. N., 1946, pp. 1-29. (Crypto- termes brevis in Puerto Rico.) 1954, pp. 115-122. (Puerto Rico, chemical; resistant woods.) Wooprson, A., 1921, pp. 51-86. (Ceylon, buildings, sanitation, structural, poisons, fumigation.) Woopnouss, E. J., 1913, pp. 1-2. (India, crops, fumigate nests carbon bisulfide, dip sugar- cane sets in saturated solution copper sul- fate or oil emulsion, use well-rotted ma- nure.) Youn, T. R., JR., 1955, pp. 45-46. (Heat-ex- changer for methyl bromide fumigation.) Yunas, C. M., and Aziz, C. H., 1949, pp. 34- 35. (Punjab, India.) ZacHER, F., 1914, p. 35. (Kerosene emulsion to root crown, arsenical poison baits, plants, Tropics.) ZIMMERN, A., 1950, Pp. 30, 32, 34. (Safety engineering, U.S. 1952, Pp. 29, 30, 32, 34. (Safety factors in use oil products, U.S.) 1952a, pp. 23, 24. (Slab type construction, US. COURTSHIP Carpenter, G. D. H., 1936, pp. 93-94. (Males being dragged about by females, mandi- bles of former penetrating abdomens lat- ter, Tanganyika Terr.) Ernst, E., 1952, pp. 257-259. (“Love-walk.”) Futter, C., 1915a, pp. 329-504. (South Africa, calling attitude of females Termes na- talensts, latericius, vulgaris on grass stems by violently agitating their wings.) Micuengr, C. D., 1953, pp. I-15. (Females turn up tips abdomens after flight, odor.) Myers, J. G., 1938, pp. 7-8. (Epigamic be- havior Microtermes sudanensis, biting of females during courtship, Sudan.) Ricuarps, O. W., 1953, p. 173. (Male Pseuda- canthotermes seizes female in flight in air.) Snyper, T. E., 1915, p. 51. (Amatory pro- cedure in Reticulitermes, U.S., males fol- lowing females, head close to tip ab- domen.) 1948, p. 54. (Amatory procedure in Re- ticulitermes, U.S., males following fe- males, head close to tip abdomen.) CYTOLOGY BenkertT, J. M., 1930, pp. 1-3. (Reticulitermes flavipes has 42 diploid chromosomes in macropterous male and male soldier.) 1930a, pp. 97-99. (Reticulitermes flavipes has 42 diploid chromosomes in macrop- terous male and male soldier, male first form reproductive, in primary spermato- cyte, 21 chromosomes.) 1933, Pp. 121-122. (Comparison of chromo- somes of soldier and king, R. flavipes.) Papoa, L., im Visintin, 1941-1942, pp. 13-17, 1942. (Blood lymph, repartition different elements, differed according to origin “larvae,” nymphs or soldiers, Calotermes flavicollis, Italy.) Sretxa, E., 1936, pp. 731-734. (Maturing of gonads in Reticulitermes lucifugus.) 1938, p. 30. (Neuters and reproductives Calotermes flavicollis and Reticulitermes lucifugus.) 1939, pp. 81-85. (Cytological behavior of gonads in workers, R. lucifugus.) 19394, Pp. 255-262. (Cytological data on gonads in soldiers of Bellicositermes belli- cosus.) Sretxa, E., and Guipint, G. M., 1942, pp. 825- 831. (Regression of gonads and evolution of sterile caste.) 38 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 130 DAMAGE Apamson, A. M., 1937, pp. 141-149. (Trini- dad, West Indies.) 1938, pp. 220-224. (Lesser Antilles, Crypto- termes, Heterotermes, Coptotermes.) Aumap, M., 1950a, p. 153. (Pakistan.) AnonyMous, 1864a, pp. 185-186. 1871, p. 233. (Pine logs.) 1890, p. 253. (Cloth and wood.) 1907, p. 26123. (Australia, buildings.) 1912, p. 237. (Australian railway sleepers in India.) 1915 (J.M.C.), pp. 224-281. (Melbourne, Australia, lead-sheathed cable, laid in Jar- rah wood troughing, Termes australis.) 1916, p. 59. (Bookcases, books, Michigan.) 1918, p. 842. (Pacific Coast.) 1919a, p. 83. (Sweet gum woodwork, build- ing, California.) 1921, pp. 290-295. (Australia.) 1923, pp. 51-52. (Eastern tropical Africa, aircraft.) 1934, p. 16. (Indiana.) 1934b, pp. 496-500. (Burlington Railway buildings.) 1935b, p. 1. (Pennsylvania.) 1935¢, pp. 62-63. (San Francisco, Calif., buildings.) 1936d, pp. 12-13. (Australia.) 1942, pp. 1-37. (U.S., revised 1949.) 1943, pp. 44-48. (War materials stored in India.) 1946a, pp. 195-199. (N.S. Wales.) 1948, pp. 1-26. (U.S., revised 1951.) 1948a, pp. 100-112. (British Common- wealth.) 1950a, pp. 1-75. (South Africa.) 1951a, pp. 187-190. (N.S. Wales.) 1952a, p. 30. (Previous legal rulings: Loss not deductible for taxes, not sudden; al- lowed recently where damage was caused in 1 year. Editor doubtful, seller should be liable for sale “termite-free” house.) 19538, p. 148. (Zootermopsis, Reticuli- termes, buildings, British Columbia.) AssMUTH, J., 19138, pp. 372-384. (“Frass- bilder,” how to determine genus of ter- mite by burrows in wood, Bombay, India.) 1915, Pp. 690-694. India.) Aupouin, J. V., 1840, pp. 39-41. (Construc- tion timbers, Termes lucifugus, France.) Bape, E., 1935, pp. 20-22, 29. (General, New York. 3ATHELLIER, J., 1927a, pp. 170-172. (Copto- termes spp., Indo-China.) (Destruction wood, Beat, J. A., et al., 1952, pp. 124-126. (South- eastern U.S.) Beaurort, M., 1866, pp. 527-528. Becker, G., 1953, Pp. 3-4. (Guatemala.) 1953a, PP- 339-373. (Guatemala.) Bergson, C. F. C., 1941, pp. 536-538. (India, injurious species. Biaxg, C. H., 1939, pp. 1-4. (U.S.) Bose-Moreau, C. J., 1843, p. 8. (Rochefort and Charente-Inférieure. ) BorFINET, PERE, 1853, pp. 145-157. (Charente- Inférieure. Borror, D. J., and De Lone, D. M., 1954, pp. 148-149. (U.S., general.) Bouvier, E. L., 1896, pp. 429-431. (Telegraph cable.) Brinker, R. C., 1936, pp. 81-82, 90. (Hawaii, poles.) Britton, W. E., 1933, pp. 451-452. (Reticuli- termes flavipes, Connecticut.) Broun, T., 1905, pp. 430-436. (Calotermes brouni, New Zealand.) Brown, A. A., 1936, pp. 1-46. (Public Works survey damage to buildings, San Fran- cisco, Calif.; of 765 frame buildings, 618 or 81% infested by wood-destroying in- sects.) Brugs, C. T., 1946, p. 43. (Lead pipes, lead, rubber insulation.) BRUNSCHWILER, J., 1951, pp. 67-69. (Wood, general.) Burceon, L., 1931, pp. 100-113. (Africa.) Burtant, D. K., 1948, pp. 35-37. (India, thieves of the apiary. Campos, R. F., 1940, pp. 3-4. (Nasutitermes, Ecuador. Carayon, J., 1952, pp. 91-92. (Paris, France.) Carrer, W., 1936, p. 132. (Hawaii, redwood pipe damaged by Coptotermes formo- sanus.) Castie, G. B., in Kofoid, 1934, 2d ed., pp. 286-291. (Zootermopsis, North America.) Cuen, L. T., 1950, pp. 33-40. (Formosa, dam- age to lead by Coptotermes formosanus and Odontotermes formosanus.) Crark, A. F., 1938, pp. 177-179. (New Zea- land. Coaton, W. G. H., 1941, pp. 1-4. (Buildings, South Africa.) 1943, pp. 346-350. (Wallpaper, carpets, cur- tains, South Africa.) 1947, pp. 130-177. (Wood destroyers, South Africa, Transvaal Bushveld, Microtermes and Macrotermes most destructive.) 1948b, pp. 1-18. (Buildings, Cryptotermes brevis, South Africa.) WHOLE VOL. BIBLIOGRAPHY OF TERMITES: SUBJ ECTS—-SNYDER 39 1949a, pp. 1-89. (Buildings, subterranean | Fryraup, J., 1911, pp. 150-160. (R. lucifugus termites South Africa.) 1950a, pp. 3-32. (Cryptotermes, South Africa.) Coteman, L. V., 1935, pp. 461-463. (No traces old dwellings built in South Carolina in 1852, frame house built at Dedham, Mass., still extant; 80% buildings in U.S. frame.) Cosar, H. G., 1934, pp. 61-67. (Africa.) Costa-Lima, A. DA, 1939, pp. 263-327. (Gen- eral.) Cowan, T., 1865, pp. 132-137. (General.) Crawrorp, D. L., 1919, p. 13. (Hawaii, Coptotermes destroying boxes in water- front warehouses; Cryptotermes destroy- ing shooks in the bundle.) CunnincHaM, R. E., 1922, pp. 65-68. (USS., utility poles.) Derry, D. E., 1911, pp. 245-246. (Skulls and bones.) Dietz, H. F., and Snyper, T. E., 1924, pp. 279-302. (Canal Zone and Republic of Panama.) Doane, R. W., Van Dyke, E. C., CHAMBER- Lin, W. J., and Burke, H. E., 1936, pp. 408-423. (Termites of the forest, U.S.) Donen, C. A., 1885, p. 61. (General.) Du Ptessis, C., 1931a, pp. 1-7. (South Africa, buildings.) 1935, Pp. 423-425. (South Africa, build- ings. D’Urra, G. R. P., 1905, pp. 1-10. (Sao Paulo, Brazil.) Easter, S. S., 1946, 2 pp. (U.S., Army posts.) Epwarps, W. H., 1937, pp. 1-11. (Kingston and St. Andrew area, Jamaica (British West Indies), damage to buildings has markedly increased in recent years.) Enruorn, E. M., 1915, pp. 55-56. (Hawaii, Coptotermes, Douglas fir timber in band- stand, Honolulu.) 1929, p. 230. (Hawaii, Coptotermes, “Ohia” hard wood.) 1934, 12 Kofoid, 2d ed., pp. 322-330. (Ha- waii, buildings.) 1936, p. 132. (Hawaii, electric cables shorted by Coptotermes formosanus.) EscHericH, K., 1910a, pp. 168-185. (Colonies, German. Igt1*, pp. 162-166. (Ceylon, buildings.) Evans, J. W., 1952, p. 68. (British Common- wealth, except British Isles, India, and Pakistan.) Ferry, P., 1947, pp. 37-39- Ferman, T., 1871, p. 171. (? Termes tenuis, St. Helena.) in cities or towns, France; vibration rail- way ties, poles did not prevent attack.) 1921, pp. 1-135. (R. lucifugus in cities or towns, France; vibration railway ties, poles did not prevent attack.) 1924, pp. 241-244. (Termite of Saintonge.) 1924b, pp. 69-73. (Termite of Charentes.) 1953, pp. 1-158. (Reticulitermes and Calo. termes, France.) Fitcn, A., 1858, p. 694. (New York, chest- nut posts and rails; white pine most sus- ceptible of trees.) Forses, S. A., 1895, pp. 192-198, frontispiece, pls. 12, 13. (Book, document, cement, shelving, buildings, beehives, Illinois.) Franssen, C, J. H., 1937, pp. 3-5. (Java, elec- trical conduits.) Froccatt, W., 1905, pp. 632-656. (Australia, buildings.) 1923, pp. 14-23. (Australia.) 1926, pp. 289-291. (Australia, wood.) 1926a, pp. 318-320. (Australia, hoop pine.) 1927, pp. iv-+1o07. (Australia.) Futtaway, D. T., 1912a, p. 72. buildings.) 1925, p. 19. (Hawaii, buildings.) 1926, pp. 68-88. (Hawaii, buildings.) 1926a, pp. 335-349. (Hawaii, buildings.) 1927, pp. 170-176. (Hawaii, buildings.) 1927a, pp. 123-126. (Hawaii, buildings, - school buildings, Honolulu.) Futter, C., 1912a, p. 345-369, 543-571. (South Africa, Natal.) Gaskin, J. A., 1950, pp. 8, 15. (Alabama, thousands of dollars lost annually.) Gassirs, J. B., 1855, pp. 427-428. (Bordeaux, France, introduced. Gay, F. J., 1946, pp. 330-334. (Australia, Cop- totermes frenchi, building.) Grant, R. R., 1877, p. cclxix. (Termes fla- vipes, St. Louis, Mo.) Grassé, P. P., 1937*, pp. 1-100. (French West Africa.) Greenwoop, W., 1940, pp. 211-218. (Timber, Fiji.) Guérin-MEneEviLte, F. E., 1864, pp. 94-96. Hacen, H. A., 1876a, pp. 401-410. (General, and probable danger from flavipes in U.S., will retreat with advancing civiliza- tion.) 1884, pp. 167-172. Hattsrep, C. T., Hyatt, M., and Dunnam, B. E., 1954, pp. 1-46 and appendix. (Cali- fornia, details of percentage of termite- infested buildings in various areas; rec- ommendations for the use of pressure- impregnated sills in buildings.) (Hawaii, 40 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS Harris, W. V., 1949, pp. I51-155. (East Af- rica. 1954¢, pp. wealth. Harvey, P. A., in Kofoid, 1934, 2d ed., pp. 239-265. (Kalotermes minor.) Herrick, G. W., 1914, pp. 1-470. (Buildings, US.) Hn, G. F., 1921, pp. 1-26. (North Aus- tralia.) Hut, W. B., im Kofoid, 1934, 2d ed., pp. 614- 615. (Memphis, Tenn.; of 2,500 buildings 1931, 77% infested.) HorrMan, H., 1926, pp. 105-106. (Buildings.) Jackson, B., 1948, pp. 232-234, 238. (Build- ings, U.S.) James, H. C., 1932, pp. 1-6. (Kenya, bridge treated bands, eat cotton or wool bands.) Jepson, F. P., 1929, pp. iv+36. (Buildings, Ceylon, mechanical, chemical.) Jounson, W. G., 1902, pp. 2-3. (Termes fla- vipes, buildings, Baltimore, Md.) Jones, G. D., 1953, pp. 52-53. (Carolinas- Virginia, buildings.) Jouter, L. H., 1893, pp. 89-90. (U.S., Termes flavipes, buildings.) Jucci, C., 1938. (Italian East Africa.) KatsHoven, L. G. E., 1931, pp. 34-35. (Pierc- ing lead-sheathed telephone cables by Coptotermes, Java.) 1937, pp. 5-6. (Electric conduits, Java.) Keen, F. P., 1938, pp. 161, 162-163. (Western U.S., lumber, forest products, buildings.) 1952, pp. 15, 16, 180, 182, 206, 208, revision 1938.) Kinostey, C. H., 1942, p. 76. (Reticulitermes 126-132. (British Common- tibialis in cottonseed hulls, on bare ground, California.) Korow, C. A., 1929, pp. 1-5. (Buildings, wood, California.) 1930, pp. 298-306. (U.S., California, reason for termite problem.) Kororp, C. A., and Garvanp, E. A., 1929, pp. 1-4. (California, mode of attack by the sound-wood termites on buildings.) Koppen, F. T., 1881, pp. 87-88. (Termes lu- cifugus in the District of Odessa, Russia.) KuwayaMa, S., 1935, pp. 658-662. (Buildings, Formosa.) Layarp, E. L., 1866, p. xii. (James Town, St. Helena, buildings, tin cans eroded, teak not attacked.) Lesorur, A., 1901, p. 306. (Zambesi, Rho- desia, coat and boots destroyed.) Lerroy, H. M., 1923, p. go. (In Dr. Mitchell’s Cairo-to-Cape flight, the wood skids and frame of the aeroplane were attacked in one night’s halt.) VOL. 130 Licut, S. F., 1929, pp. 1-28. (California.) 1929a*, pp. 421-452. (Philippines, Copto- termes vasator.) 1934, in Kofoid, 2d ed. (U.S., pp. 234-238; Mexico, pp. 335-336; Philippines, pp. 347- 349. Long, J. D., 1941, pp. 48-50. (U.S., protection adobe buildings, sanitation, shields, wood preservatives. ) Lone, S. W., 1932, pp. 102-103. (U.S.) Lyte, C., 1927, pp. 11-16. (Mississippi, build- ings. McCay, W. H., 1949, pp. 22-24. (Present-day problem.) McDani1, E. I., 1920, p. 124. (Reticulitermes flavipes, Michigan.) 1934, pp. 1-14. (R. flavipes, Michigan.) 1938, pp. 1-14. (R. flavipes, Michigan.) McLacuian, R., 1884, p. 185. (Books, Cal- cutta.) Marina, G., 1929, pp. 28-29, 64-65. (Province Zamora, Spain. Marratrt, C. L., 1902, p. 5. (Rarity of books in New Spain due to white ants.) Marguss, L. A. pe A., 1925, pp. 1-2. (Leuco- termes tenuis, Brazil.) MarroreLt, L. F., 1939, pp. 184-185. (Crypto- termes brevis and Nasutitermes, Aragua, Venezuela.) Massisor, J. A., 1946, pp. 517-518. (Micro- cerotermes parvulus, North Senegal.) MEttiss, J. C., 1875, pp. 171-176. (St. Helena, Termes tenuis destroyed £60,000 worth of property.) MeErRwE, C. P. vAN DER, 1921, pp. 266-267. Schedorhinotermes putorius in floors building, Pretoria.) Miter, D., 1939, pp. 57-65. (Coptotermes, New Zealand.) 1940-1941, pp. 333-334. (New Zealand, hardwood and softwood timbers.) Muts, H. B., 1941, pp. 1-28. (Montana.) Mon, F., and Swezey, O. H., 1926, pp. 331- 335. (Hawaii.) MULLEN, J. A., 1942, pp. 529-530. (U.S., lead foil seals and corks wine bottles in wooden boxes on concrete floor, straw jackets on bottles alive with Reticuli- termes flavipes, none drowned by wine.) 1947, p. 164. (U.S., in cold frames.) Nasuco, J., 1943, pp. 1-87. (Books, Brazil.) Natoper, V. S., 1948, pp. 469-471. (New Zea- land, subterranean termites. Naupé, T. J., 1940, pp. 879-886. (South Af rica. Netson, G. N., 1941, p. 30. (Tax status of loss : termite damage—not deductible, US. WHOLE VOL. Newe t, R. E., 1952a, p. 498. (U.S., bottom boards, beehives.) Parks, T. H., 1948, pp. 1-11. (Ohio, build- ings. 1948a, pp. 3, 47. (Like communists, dam- age done while hidden.) 1951 (Revision of 1948), pp. 1-11. (Ohio, buildings.) Pater, G. A., 1949, pp. 8-9. (Gujarat.) Patet, G. A., and Pate, H. K., 1953, pp. 376- 378. (Bombay.) Patterson, W. H., 1927, pp. 35-48. (Gold Coast.) Perry, C. M., 1947, p. 9. (Ohio.) Pickens, A. L., in Kofoid, 1934, 2d ed., pp. 172-182. (Reticulitermes hesperus, Pacific Coast, U.S.) Pickens, A. L., and Licurt, S. F., in Kofoid, 1934, 2d ed., p. 198. (Heterotermes aureus in poles, California.) Priessis, See Du PLessis. PoMERANTZ, C., 1954, pp. 24, 36, 38, 40. (New York, $50,000 slab home damaged be- cause wood stakes to hold trim were driven through gravel before concrete slab was poured.) RatciirFE, F. N. (Chairman), 1948, pp. 100- 112. (British Commonwealth.) RatcuirrE, F. N., Gay, F. J., and Greaves, T., 1952, pp. 1-124. (Australia, pp. 47-48, subterranean cables.) Riney, C. V., 1870, p. 11. (Termes frontalis, plant houses, Schoénbrunn, “Germany.”) 1877, p. 43. (Termes flavipes, much dam- age in some parts Germany.) 1877a, p. 269. (Termes flavipes, US.) Rippey, T. M., and Hess, J. J., 1947, pp. 95- 96. (U.S.) Ross, H. H., 1948, pp. 259, 499. (U.S., build- ings, books, furniture.) Ross1, R. T., and Snyper, T. E., 1934, pp. 755- 756. (Utility (RCA) poles, Long Island, New York.) ScHmipT, H., 1951, pp. 371-372. 1954, pp- 8-9. Scupper, S. H., 1891, pp. 15-16. (New Eng- land, wooden tubs, plants in greenhouse, cabbage. ) Seoanz, V. L., 1878, pp. ccxxv-ccxxvii. (Span- ish man-of-war destroyed by Termes dives while lying in Port of Ferrol.) SHau, N. H., 1946, pp. 241-250. (India, cot- ton fibers.) Sumer, H., 1870, p. 324. (U.S., Termes fla- vipes, “bookworms.”) Surpiey, A. E., 1925, pp. 244-246. (Trinidad, books.) Sinciar, W. F., 1897, p. 147. (India.) BIBLIOGRAPHY OF TERMITES: SUBJ ECTS—-SNYDER 4I Smytu, E. G., 1919, pp. 126-127. (Puerto Rico, Eutermes morio.) 191ga, p. 138. (Puerto Rico, Eutermes morio, sugarcane.) Snyper, T. E., 1910, pp. 1-12. (U.S., utility poles.) 1911, pp. 1-6. (U.S., utility poles.) 1912, pp. 1-4. (U.S., mine props.) 1915, pp. 75-76. (U.S., general.) 1916, pp. 1-32. (U.S., buildings, stored products, vegetation.) 1gI6a, pp. 1-20. (U.S., buildings, stored products, vegetation.) 191ga, pp. 1-16. (U.S., buildings, stored products, vegetation.) 1920*, in (Banks and) Snyder, pp. 87-213. (General.) 1920b, pp. 1110-1112. (U.S., buildings.) 1922a, pp. 69-74. (U.S., poles and telephone equipment.) 1924, p. 32. (U.S., Atlantic Coast, Kalo- termes, poles. 1925a, p. 389. (U.S., buildings.) 1925d, pp. 277-278. (U.S., buildings.) 1925d’, pp. 253-254. (US., buildings.) 1925¢€, pp. 6-7, 12-13. (U-S., buildings.) 1925f, pp. 32-33. (U.S., buildings.) 1926, pp. 23-25. (U.S., buildings and stored material.) 1926a, p. 14. (U.S., buildings.) 1926c, pp. 1-22. (U.S., buildings, general; p. 2, map showing distribution damage by subterranean and nonsubterranean ter- mites; revised 1939.) 1926e, pp. 14-20. (U-S., poles.) 1926g, pp. 277-280. (Metal.) 1926h, p. 254. (California.) 1927b, pp. 316-321. (Million dollar annual damage to buildings, Honolulu, Terr. Ha- waii; 80% frame buildings New Orleans, La., have been damaged, 50% business buildings at Pasadena, Calif., some dan- gerously.) 1927f, pp. 82-83. (Buildings, U.S.) 1927h, pp. 15-17. (Buildings, U.S.) 1927k, pp. 309-314. (Buildings, U.S.) 1928, pp. 274-276. (Buildings, U.S.) 1928a, pp. 135-138. (Poles, California.) 1928c, p. 381. (Coptotermes dissolves lime mortar foundations by secretion from frontal gland.) 1928d, pp. 240-242. (Buildings, U.S.) 1929, p. 44. (Hawaii.) 1929b, pp. 17-28. (Pacific area.) 1929¢, pp. 18-38. (General.) 1929d, pp. 143-151. (Buildings, U.S.) 1920f, p. 18. (Tropics.) 1929g, pp. 1-19. (Gulf States.) 42 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS 1929h, pp. 154-158. _ 1929j, pp. 1-15. (Pacific area.) 1929k, pp. 210-230. (Buildings, U.S.) 1929n, pp. 96, 100, 102, 104, 106, 108. Buildings, poles, U.S.) 1930, pp. 261-269, 290. 1930a, p. 20. (Buildings, U.S.) 1931*, pp. 531-571. (General.) 1932, pp. 228-230. (General.) 1932a, p. 27. (Wood, U.S.) 1932b, pp. 25, 27, 31, 34. (Buildings, U.S.) 1933a, Ppp. 397-399. (Buildings, U.S.) 1933b, pp. 1-8. (Buildings, U.S., revised 1936.) 1934, in Kofoid, 2d ed., pp. 187-195. (East- ern U.S., subterranean termites; 40 mil- lion dollar annual damage, buildings. Eastern U.S., nonsubterranean termites, pp. 269-272.) a 1934a, pp. 1-22. (Revision of 1926c, US., general.) 1934b, pp. 5-6, 12. (U.S., buildings.) 1935a, pp. 70-78. (U.S., buildings.) 1935¢, pp. 1-6. (U.S., buildings.) 1935d, pp. 5-6, 28-30. (U.S., buildings.) 1935€, pp. 106-109. (List materials dam- aged by termites.) 1937, pp. 26-33. (Louisiana, buildings.) 1938, pp. 6-9. (U.S., buildings.) 1938, in Hyslop, p. 43. (U.S., buildings, $40,000,000 annual damage.) 1939, pp. 7-9. (U.S., buildings, $40,000,000 annual damage. 1947b, pp. 144-147. (U.S., buildings, $40,- 000,000 annual damage. 1948, pp. 58-59, 117-135. (Revision of 1935e, list materials damaged, pp. 58-59, 123, timber where heavy vibration not at- tacked.) 1949, pp. 432-436. (U.S., buildings.) 1949d, im Burton, 1949, p. 264. (General.) 1950, pp. 12-14. (U.S., buildings.) 1950a, 1m Craighead, 1950, pp. 87, 90-93. (Eastern U.S., buildings, general.) 1950d, pp. 1-16. (Dry-wood and other non- subterranean termites, map _ northern limit damage in U.S., p. 3.) 1951a, pp. 237, 250, 261. (U.S., buildings.) 1953, pp. 27-28. (U.S., buildings.) 1953¢, p. 30. (U.S., northern areas severe damage, limits damage in New England.) 1954, Ppp. 27-28. (Damage to carpet by Re- ticulitermes, U.S.) 1954b, pp. 1-64. (U.S., general.) 1954h, in Greathouse, G. A., 1954, pp. 204- 211. (World damage and control.) 1955b, pp. 48, 56. (Damage to plastics and fabrics, U.S.) VOL. 130 1955d, pp. 28, 30. (Panama, C.Z., Copto- termes damage to lead-sheathed cables.) Snyper, T. E., and Reep, W. D., 1949, pp. 4-11. (General.) Snyper, T. E., and Zerek, J., 1924, pp. 1-26. (Panama and Canal Zone, general.) 1934, in Kofoid, 2d ed., pp. 342-346. (Pan- ama and Canal Zone, general.) Souza, A. O. pz, 1948, p. 561. (Brazil, Corni- termes.) Spencer, G. J., 1937, Pp. 42-43. (British Co- lumbia, buildings, poles, Zootermopsts, Reticulitermes hesperus, former in dry wood.) Srerr, H. B., 1952, pp. 26, 44-45. (U.S., build- ings.) StemBerc, W. T., in Kofoid, 1934, 2d ed., pp. 756-765. (California, association ter- mite damage with earthquakes.) Strone, V. E., 1953, pp. 1-2. (California, regional survey percentage damage to buildings by subterranean and drywood termites.) Tiretii, M. O., 1951, pp. 6-13. (Italy, Re- ticulitermes.) Titus, R. T., 1949, p. 17. (U.S., general.) Turner, N., Townsenp, J. F., and Zapper, M. P., 1935, pp. 241-245. (Connecticut, Reticulitermes flavipes.) Turner, N., and Townsenp, J. F., 1936, pp. 209-242. (Reticulitermes flavipes, Con- necticut.) Turner, N., and Zappg, M. P., 1936, pp. 195- 198. (Reticulitermes flavipes, Connecti- cut.) Van Dyre, E. C., 1927, p. 95. (Kalotermes minor honeycombing redwood bastions old Fort Ross, Sonoma County, Calif.) Van ZWALUWENBURG, R. H., 1916, p. 43. (Eu- termes morio, Porto Rico.) 1918, pp. 25-28. (Eutermes morio is Crypto- termes sp., Porto Rico.) Von Scurenk, H., 1936, pp. 528-530. (U.S.) Wann, B., 1936, p. 9. (U.S., damage grossly overestimated.) Warp, G. A., 1923, pp. 12-15. (New Zealand, Calotermes brounit.) Waterston, J. M., 1937, pp. 67-69. (Bermuda, Calotermes castaneus.) Werner, H., 1937, pp. 593-596. (Hamburg, Germany, Reticulitermes flavipes.) 1939, p. 40. (Hamburg, Germany, Reticuli- termes flavipes.) 1942a, pp. 1-7. (Hamburg, Germany, Re- ticulitermes flavipes.) 1951, pp. 259-265. (Hamburg, Germany, Re- ticulitermes flavipes.) WHOLE VOL. 1952, pp. 829-832. (Hamburg, Germany, Re- ticulitermes flavipes.) 1953, pp. 191-192. (Hamburg, Germany, Re- ticulitermes flavipes.) Wexcu, M. B., 1929, pp. 47-53. (Australia, buildings.) Wuson, H. B., 1952, pp. 471-472. (Copto- termes in buildings in Melbourne, nest in nearby tree.) Wirnycomss, R., 1928, p. 1. (Zanzibar, in- sulation (rubber) on cable.) BIBLIOGRAPHY OF TERMITES: SUBJ ECTS—SNYDER 43 Wotcott, G. N., 1921, pp. 1-14. (Puerto Rico.) 1927, pp. 153-162. (Haiti.) 1946, pp. 1-29. (Puerto Rico, Cryptotermes brevis.) Wo rcott, G. N., and Sern, F., 1924, pp. 138- 149. (Puerto Rico.) 1939, pp. 1-26. (Puerto Rico.) Woopeson, A., 1921, pp. 51-86. (Ceylon, buildings.) DAMAGE TO LIVING VEGETATION Acarwata, S. B. D., Nagvi, S. Z. H., and Sincu, R. P., 1954, pp. 99-100. (India, aldrin and dieldrin outstanding insecti- cides against Microtermes obesi and Odon- totermes assmuthi attacking sugarcane.) Avisert, H., 1951, pp. 9-174. (Cacao, West Africa. Ato, A., 1885, pp. 89-94. (Grape vines, Ca- tania, Sicily.) Anprews, E. A., 1916, pp. 54-72. (Tea bushes, mound-builders and subterranean ter- mites, India.) 1924, pp. 118-125. (Tea bushes, Calotermes, Ceylon.) Anonymovs, 1871, p. 233. (Pine logs.) 1889, p. 293. (Tea plants, Termes fatalis, Ceylon.) 1889a, p. 340. (Trees, Australia.) 1892, p. 201. (Fruit trees, U.S.) 1897, p. 484. (Agriculture, Termes tapro- banes, India.) 1898, p. 434. (Agriculture, Termes tapro- banes, India.) 1914, p. 74. (Cane plants in field, Eutermes acajutlae, Antigua and Porto Rico.) 1914a, pp. 301-304. (Vines, near Bordeaux, rance. 1g17a, p. 390. (Hawaii, Coptotermes for- mosanus, sugarcane. 1gt8a, p. 253. (Florida, Termes flavipes, citrus trees.) 1920, pp. 206-208. militaris ?, crops.) 1920a, p. 469. (Pacific Coast, U.S., prune trees.) 1g21a, (San Tomé, Microcerotermes doli- chognathus, cacao.) 1925, pp. 739-745. (Australia, sugarcane.) 1926a, pp. 4-5. (Australia, sugarcane, Masto- termes darwintiensis.) 1927a, pp. 86-88. (Coptotermes acinaci- formis.) 1942a, pp. 3-17. (Australia, pp. 16-17, Termes lacteus, orchard pest.) (Ceylon, Calotermes 1954¢, p. 910. (Parancotermes simplicicornis killing Eucalyptus trees, Tucson, Ariz.) AULMANN, G., 1913, pp. 83-91. (Rubber trees.) AZEMARD, (_ ). 1914, pp. 106-110. (Senegal, ground nuts.) Battou, C. H., 1945, p. 87. (Venezuela, plants.) Batiou, H. A., 1912, pp. 74-75. (St. Kitts, cotton.) Banks, C. S., 1904, pp. 1025-1026. (Philip- pines, cacao.) Bates, G., 1926, pp. 4-5. (Australia, sugar- cane, Mastotermes in sandy soil.) BATHELLIER, J., 1927, pp. 121-165. China, vegetation, crops. 1933, Pp. 747-750. (Indo-China, vegetation.) Batra, H. N., 1942, p. 15. (Muicrotermes mycophagus, fruit, N.W. Frontier Prov- ince, India.) Beekman, H., 1919, pp. 21-30. (Calotermes tectonae, teak, Batavia, Java.) BEELEY, F., 1934, pp. 160-175. (Kuala Lum- pur, Malaya, rubber trees.) Bergson, C. F. C., 1941a, pp. 537-538. (India, trees in nurseries, plantations; mature rubber trees, tea bushes.) Bett, A. F., 1939, pp. 45-59. (Queensland, Coptotermes acinaciformis, minor dam- age to mature sugarcane, p. 52.) BEQuaERT, J., 1925, pp. 289-294. (Amazon, Neotermes castaneus, guava trees.) Brercer, E. W., 1918, pp. 190-191. potatoes, Florida. Borra, G. D., 1949, p. 65. (Calotermes flavi- collis, Reticulitermes lucifugus, plants, Italy, general comments.) BonaveNTuRA, G., 1953b, p. 893. (Italy, plane tree.) Bonpar, G., 1939, pp. 16-17. (Eutermes rip- perti and Calotermes wagneri, subsp. pe- destans, cacao, Bahia, Brazil.) Box, H. E., 1953, pp. 56-58. (Lists termites attacking sugarcane, world.) (Indo- (Sweet 44 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS Bruner, S. C., ScARAMUZZA, L. C., and OTERO, A. R., 1945, PP. 35-36 44, 129, 157. (Plants, Cuba.) Buenion, E., and Pororr, N., 1910*, pp. 107- 123. (Rubber trees, Coptotermes, Ceylon.) Burns, A. W., and Muncomery, R. W., 1926, pp. 628-630. (Australia, giant white ant major cane pest over Lower Burdekin, in sandy soil, mixture arsenic and mo- lasses bait; tar treatment interferes with germination; inject %4 oz. paradichloro- benzene on both sides sets 12 in. apart, 4% in. deep, and 5 in. on each side.) Buzacort, J. H., 1947, pp. 135-140. (Sugar- cane, Masotermes, etc., North Queens- land.) 1948, pp. 136-141. (Sugarcane, Masotermes, etc., North Queensland.) Bynum, W. M., 1951, pp. 966-967. (Citrus trees, Paraneotermes, lower Rio Grande Valley, Tex.) Capra, F., and Guipint, G. M., 1946, pp. 42-46. (Cabbage, Jerusalem artichoke, Reticulitermes lucifugus, Italy.) CarescuE, L., 1937, pp. 195-212. (Hevea and Kapokier, Coptotermes curvignathus, Indo-China.) Carter, W., 1949, pp. 761-766. (Pineapple, Brazil, South America, bore into stumps, cause wilt, scattered, isolated plants, p. 764.) Cassipy, T. P., Romney, V. E., BucHANan, W. D., and York, G. T., 1950, p. Io. (Guayule nursery stock, Amitermes tubi- formans, South Texas.) Cavara, F., 1922, pp. 190-194. (Plants, Italy.) Cuaing, J., 1910, pp. 486-487. (Plants, France.) IQII-I912, pp. 678-680; 113-115. (Plants, France.) 1912, pp. 490-492. (Plants, France.) 1919, pp. 61-67. (Plants, France.) 1920, pp. 250-255, 281-285. (Plants, France.) CuatrTerjeE, N. C., 1939, pp. 15-24. (Termes horni collected in sandal forests, India.) Cutesa Motrnart, O., 1942, p. 107. (Plants, Argentina.) Crock, Q. C., 1932, p. 124. (Rice plants, Coptotermes formosanus, Hawaii.) Crampotnt, M., 1954, pp. 291-300. (Tuscany, biology and damage to living woody shrubs or trees.) Crausen, C. P., 1913, pp. 11, 38, 41, 43, 46, 52, 77, 80, 84. (Agriculture, Termes for- mosanus, T. vulgaris, Japan.) Creare, L. D., 1920, pp. 115-126. (Sugarcane, British Guiana.) VOL. 130 Coaton, W. G. H., 1937, pp. 249-252. (Crops, harvester termite, Hodotermes mossambt- cus, South Africa.) 1943, PP. 346-350. (Crops, harvester ter- mite, Hodotermes mossambicus, South Africa, lawns, shrubs, young trees, crops; in ee wall paper, carpets, curtains, etc. 1948, pp. I-19. (Grass on veldt, Trinervi- termes, South Africa, overgrazing and effect on mound density.) 1948a, pp. 97-108. (Grass on veldt, Trinervi- termes, South Africa, overgrazing and effect on mound density.) 1948c, pp. 259-267. (Crops, Hodotermes mossambicus, Microhodotermes, harvester termites, South Africa.) 1948d, pp. 1-38. (Crops, Hodotermes mos- sambicus, Microhodotermes, harvester ter- mites, South Africa.) 1950, pp. 1-28. (Cultivated areas, South Africa.) 1951, pp. 263-267, 277. (Grass, Trinervi- termes, South Africa.) 1954a, pp. 243-248. (South Africa, Hodo- termes and veldt reclamation.) Comstock, J. H. (1879), 1880, pp. 207-208. (Texas and Florida, girdling bark orange trees, guava bushes, eating out sugar- cane.) Corsett, G. H., and Mirter, N. C. E., 1936, pp. 1-12. (Microtermes pallidus, tea plants, Malaya.) Cosar, H. G., 1934, pp. 61-67. (Africa.) Costa La, A. DA, 1941*, pp. 377-387. (Neo- termes =PPs guava, Brazil.) CricHton, A., 1883, p. 461. (Young trees, Arabia.) CrowTueR, F., and Bartow, H. W. B., 1943, pp. 99-112. (Tap-root cotton, Sudan Gezira, damage less on fallow land, or- ganic matter on area increased damage, damage occurs first 2 months after sow- ing, loss 3% whole crop, after years fallow.) DAMMERMAN, K. W., 1913, pp. I-12. termes gestroi, rubber, Java.) IQI5*, ea 98-100. (Calotermes tectonae, tea 1929, pp. 22-30. (Agriculture, Malay Archi- pelago.) Dean, H. A., 1954, pp. 79-81. (Texas, damage to citrus on recently cleared brushland by desert damp-wood termites.) 1954a, pp. 365-366. (Texas, Paraneotermes simplicicornis, damage to citrus trees on recently cleared brushland, chlordane 1 lb. or more per 50 trees effective control, (Copto- WHOLE VOL. 60 gals. of water per tree adequately dispersed the chemical.) Dettasus, M., Lepicre, A., and Pasquier, R., 1933, pp. 28-33. (Reticulitermes lucifugus and Calotermes flavicollis, vineyards, Al- geria.) DesHpanpE, R. B., 1943, pp. 188-191. (India, localized areas, chillies. Dick, J., 1951, pp. 99, 101. (Natal, South Africa, sugarcane.) Dreuzewe, R., 1933, p. 200. (R. lucifugus and Calotermes flavicollis, grapevines, Al- geria.) EBELING, W., 1950, pp. 1-747. (Citrus, pecan.) Exnruorn, E. M., 1928, p. 4. (Coptotermes, pepper tree, Hawaii.) Exuiott, E. C., and WuirtenHeap, F. J., 1926. (Tea plants, Ceylon.) Escuericu, K., 1911*, pp. 166-174. (Ceylon, tea, cacao, rubber.) Feytaup, J., 1915, pp. 65-68, 82-84. (Agricul- ture, France. Fretcuer, T. B., 1920, pp. 33-314. (Crops, India.) Fonseca, J. Pinto pa, 1940, pp. 222-223. (Eu- calyptus plantations, Syntermes insidians, Sao Paulo, Brazil.) 1950, pp. 57-84. (Eucalyptus plantations, Syntermes insidians, Sao Paulo, Brazil; also, Syntermes molestus, 70% 2 million seedlings 8 to 10 months old destroyed.) Forses, S. A., 1895, p. 198. (Illinois, apple, pecan tree roots.) Froceatt, J. L., 1938, pp. 66-68. (New Guinea, Calotermes papua, pest cacao trees.) Froccatt, W. W., 1905, pp. 632-656, 753-774. (Australia, fruit trees. 1905a, pp. 1-47. (Australia, fruit trees.) Futter, C., 1912, pp. 814-823. (South Africa, orchards and plantations.) 1QI2a, pp. 345-369, 543-571. (South Africa, orchards and plantations.) 1919a, pp. 301-305. (South Africa, Hodo- termes, grassland. 1921, pp. 462-466. (South Africa, fungus- growers, living trees.) Furniss, R. L., 1939, pp. 5-8. (Washington and Oregon, shade trees, Zootermopsis angusticollis and Reticulitermes hesperus.) Guosu, C. C., 1940, p. 76. (Rangoon, Burma, sugarcane.) Grover, P. M., 1951, pp. 116-122. (India, lac.) Gossz, P. H., 1851, pp. 459-463. (Jamaica, sugarcane.) Gourgau, C., 1867, pp. 70-74. (Calotermes flavicollis and Reticulitermes lucifugus, shade trees.) BIBLIOGRAPHY OF TERMITES: SUBJ ECTS—-SNYDER 45 Grapojevic, M., 1929, p. 16. (South Serbia, Reticulitermes lucifugus, vines, mulberry and oak trees.) Grassi, B., and Atot, A., 1885, p. 148. (Sicily, Catania, Calotermes flavicollis, vine. Green, E. E., 1916, pp. 608-636. (Ceylon, rubber tree.) Greic, J. L., 1937, pp. 1-31. (Lowland iea plains Malaya, Serdang, Fed. Malay States, where poor soil and bushes’ stamina not maintained, extensive attack by termites.) Gupta, B. D., 1950, pp. 344-345. (Bangalore, India, sugarcane. Hacen, H. A., 1885, pp. 61, 134-136. (Cam- bridge, Mass., Termes flavipes, shade trees Acer rubrum; earth in hothouses infested.) Haines, G. C., 1935, pp. 246, 248. (South Africa, Hodotermes.) Hainswortn, E., 1952, p. 19. (NE. India, tea, Kalotermes, Termes taprobanes.) Harcreaves, H., 1948, p. 15. (Cotton.) Harter, C. R., 1933, p. 268. (Tea.) Harris, W. V., 1936a, pp. 121-123. (Africa, Hodotermes mossambicus, Microcero- termes parvus, and Microtermes, cotton.) 1954, pp. 11-13. (Tropical agriculture.) Harttey, B. J., 1938, p. 87. (Cotton.) Heptine, G. H., 1935, pp. 29-30. (Hardwood trees, Mississippi Delta.) Herrick, G. W., 1904, pp. 28-32. Mississippi.) Heusser, C., 1926, pp. 355-363. (“Greenbark” of Hevea braziliensis due to destruction of outer layers of bark by termites.) Hu, G. F., 1932, pp. 7-28. (Forest trees, SE. Australia.) Horrman, C. H., 1942, pp. 1-20. (Elm trees, US;) Hotioway, T. E., 1932, pp. 354-356. (Sugar- cane, Gulf States, U.S.) Hussarp, H. G., 1883, p. 36. (U.S., Termes flavipes does great damage at surface, girdling orange, lemon, and lime trees; eats tubers artichokes.) 1885, pp. 121-125. (Orange trees, U.S.) Hunt, E. H., 1910, pp. 196-197, 268-260. (Newly planted stumps rubber on old tapioca estates, Termes carbonarius strips bark off, Kuala Lumpur.) Husain, M. A., 1935, pp. 562-564. (India, intensity termite damage to wheat; Micro- termes obesi most harmful pest of wheat, annual average total loss of 6% and oc- casionally 25% germinating grain. High temperatures and low soil moisture, dried up parts underground seedlings eaten, oc- (Pecan, 46 casionally plants coming to ears damaged | Ketsey, J. M severely.) Hutson, J. C., 1923, pp. 83-87, 291-298. (Tea bushes, Ceylon.) 1927, pp. 220-228. (Tea bushes, Ceylon, Calotermes dilatatus and militaris.) 1932,, pps. Diri1-Di21, (Tea “and rubber trees, Ceylon.) James, H. C., 1947, p. 28. (Nasutitermes costalis and Eutermes, sugarcane, British Guiana.) Janyua, N. A., and Samus, C. K., 1941, pp. 1-41. (Fruit trees, Archotermopsis, Ba- luchistan.) Jarvis, E., 1923, pp. 15-16. (Cane, Queens- land. 1926, pp. 47-50. (Sugarcane, Queensland.) 1926a, p. 6. (Mastotermes, Queensland, sugarcane.) 1926b, pp. 13-14, 49-52. (Mastotermes, Queensland, sugarcane.) 1926c, pp. 103-105. (Mastotermes, Queens- land, sugarcane.) 1927, pp. 85-88. (Mastotermes, Queensland, sugarcane.) 19274, pp. 18-23. (Mastotermes rated fourth in importance as sugarcane pest, Queens- land.) 1927b, pp. 11-13, 31-33. (Queensland, sugar- cane. Jerson, F. P., 1924, pp. 7-10. (Calotermes, Termes, Eutermes, Leucotermes, tea bushes, Ceylon.) 1926, pp. 67-69. (Tea, Ceylon.) 1926a, pp. 134-142. (Tea, Ceylon.) 1927, pp. 19-21. (Distribution Ceylon tea Calotermes, militaris, dilatatus, greeni.) 1929a, pp. 307-311. (Calotermes, living plants, Ceylon.) 1929b, pp. 1-11. (Calotermes, living plants, Ceylon.) 1930, pp. Ceylon. 1930a, pp. 191-195. (Tea, Ceylon.) 1931, pp. 579-596. (Tea, Ceylon.) Jounson, W. H., 1912, pp. 1-186. (Cocoa, San Thomé.) DE JonG, E., 1927, pp. 524-527. gian Congo.) Kaiser, P., 1953, pp. 77-92. (Anoplotermes pacificus associated with plant roots.) KatsHoven, L. G. E., 1924, pp. 58-72. (Cryp- totermes, tea, Java.) 1930, pp. 1-154. (Kalotermes tectonae.) 1950, pp. 146-177. (Agriculture, Indonesia.) 1952, pp. 1-7. (Neotermes, teak.) 1954b, pp. 59-74. (Java, survival Neotermes colonies in felled teak.) 143-156. (Hevea braziliensis, (Cotton, Bel- SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 130 4 19454, pp. 69-75. (Neotermes rainbow, coconut palms, Suwarro Is- land—North Cook Group.) 1952, p. 5. (Calotermes brouni in milled Pinus radiata and in dead wood living trees. Coptotermes acinaciformis, frenchi, and Jacteus, introduced from Australia, in living pines and timbers, Auckland, New Plymouth, or Gisborne, New Zea- land.) Kent, G. H., 1890, p. 283. (Mississippi, Termes flavipes destroying collard-stalks and roots of turnip by gradually eating out interior.) King, C. B. R., 1938, pp. 28-34, 195-205, 160- 166. (Ceylon, Neotermes militaris, tea, 17% bushes damaged over 50-year period, less than 5% infested, infestation through roots.) Kine, H. H., 1928, pp. 1-7. (Sudan, termites caused but little crop damage.) KonincsBErcER, J. C., and ZmmMerMAN, A., 1901, pp. 80-82. (Java, coffee.) Kutcuxa, G. MacM., 1937, pp. 45-48. (USS., greenhouse plants. LasouLsringr, A., 1886, p. lii-liii, (Agen, France, Reticulitermes lucifugus, vine.) Lat, R., and Menon, R. D., 1953, pp. 1-94. (India, Burma, Ceylon, crops.) LepesME, P., 1947, pp. 152-155. (Palm.) Lever, R. J. A. W., 1939, pp. 17-20. (Fiji.) Licut, S. F., in Kofoid, 1934, 2d ed., pp. 314- 320. (California, Paraneotermes simplict- cornis, citrus trees.) 1937a*, pp. 423-464. (California, Paraneo- termes simplicicornis, citrus trees.) Luciano, E. C., 1953, pp. 9, 13. (Chile, Calo- termes chilensis, forest and ornamental trees.) Luxe, W. J., Jr., 1952, pp. fb-7. (Dominican Republic, Aldrin most effective in soil to protect sugarcane.) Maxt, M., 1916, pp. 1-266. (Formosa, mul- berry tree.) Marais, E. N., 1937, pp. xv+184. (South Africa.) Martin, G. C., tobacco.) MarTorELL, L. F., 1950, pp. 61-63. (Rhodesia, 1941, pp. 8-81. (Puerto © Rico, forest trees, Nasutitermes costalis, Mona Island, Kalotermes snyderi.) 1945, pp. 69-354. (Puerto Rico, forest trees, Nasutitermes costalis Mona Island, Kalo- termes snyderi.) Matsumura, S., 1910*, p. 2. (Formosa, sugar- cane.) Mayné, R., 1917, pp. 1-80. (Belgian Congo, cacao. WHOLE VOL. Murr, D., 1940-1941, pp. 333-334. (New Zealand, Stolotermes ruficeps and Calo- termes brouni native, not destructive to native or exotic forests, latter damages service timbers; introduced termites dam- age timbers.) Morrit, A. W., 1917, pp. 42-43. (Mesa, Ari- zona, Amitermes tubiformans young cit- rus orchard.) Morstatt, H., 1913, pp. 443-464. (East Africa, rubber trees. Mossop, M. C., 1949, pp. 17-19. (Rhodesia, gardens and orchards.) MouTia, L. A., and Mamet, R., 1946, pp. 439-472. (Mauritius.) Muncomery, R. W., 1947, pp. 35-45. (Bris- bane, Australia, sugarcane, Coptotermes acinaciformis, Hamitermes obtusidens, Rhinotermes intermedius seclusus.) Naupé, T. J., 1934, pp. 1-20. (South Africa, Termes, Hodotermes, and Trinervitermes, veldt destruction, outbreak due scarcity birds and drought, overstocking range.) NeETHLING, L. J., 1952, p. 65. (South Africa, Trinervitermes havilandi destroys 20% grass in dry winter.) Neves, C. M. B., 1948, pp. 444-447. (Portugal, Reticulitermes lucifugus, cork oak, Quer- cus suber.) Nietner, J., 1857, pp. 36-41. (Ceylon, agricul- ture.) Niruta, K. K., Antony, J., and MEeENon, K. P. V., 1953, pp. 26-34. (India, damage to coconut and control, parathion, BHC, chlordane.) Noucaret, R., 1920, pp. 327-330. (California, Reticulitermes hesperus, vineyards.) Ossurn, M. R., 1937, p. 967. (Orlando, Fla., Reticulitermes flavipes, turnip roots.) Parnext, R., 1930, pp. 1-42. (Punjab, cuttings Eucalyptus rostrata.) Parsons, F. S., 1931, pp. 60-83. (Barberton, South Africa, soya beans.) Passarce, S., 1896, p. 350. trees.) Pater, G. A., and Pater, H. K., 1952, pp. 133-140. (India, fruit trees.) Pratt, H. C., 1908, pp. 1-12. (Federated Ma- lay States, Termes gestroi, rubber trees.) 1909, pp. 1-31. (Federated Malay States, Termes gestroi, rubber trees.) Prurtui, H. S., and Narayanan, E. S., 1939, pp. 15-37. (Pusa, India, Odontotermes assmuthi, mature sugarcane, statistical study losses.) Quayte, H. S., 1938, pp. 272-273. (Citrus and other subtropical fruits.) (Africa, India, BIBLIOGRAPHY OF TERMITES: SUBJ ECTS—SNYDER 47 RatcuiFFE, F, N., Gay, F. J., and Greaves, T., 1952, pp. 39-47. (Australia, forest, fruit trees, crops: denude grass, reduce pro- ductivity pastures.) Ren, C., 1925, pp. 238-246. (Plants.) Reis, G. S., 1934, pp. 24-30. (India, Copto- termes curvignathus, rubber.) Ricwarps, P. B., 1917, pp. 338-348. (Malaya, Termes gestrot, rubber and coconut trees.) Ruwrey, H. N., 1909, p. 563. (Malaya, Termes gestrot, trees.) RisBEo, J., 1950, pp. 45-47. (Senegal and French Sudan, Microcerotermes parvulus, crops.) Roark, R. C., 1939, pp. 305-309. (Kalotermes tectonae attacks derris. 1942, p. 14. (Rotenone used to control ter- mites damaging rubber trees.) Rosinson, H. C., 1905, pp. 2-12. (Malaya, Termes gestrot, attacking para rubber, Hevea braziltensts.) Roonwat, M. L., 1954, pp. 459-462. (India, damage to teak by Odontotermes parvi- dens.) Rousaup, E., 1916, pp. 363-436. (Senegal, Termes natalensis and T. bellicosus and Microcerotermes parvulus attacking grain in the soil.) Rouprert, K., 1943, pp. 1-16. (Citrus trees, Palestine.) Runes, Cx., 1953, pp. 61-76. (Moroccan tree, Argania spinosa (L.),? Hodotermes ochra- ceus Burm.) Rurcers, A. A. L., 1920, pp. 1-43. (Java.) Rutcers, A. A. L., and DaMMERMaAN, K. W., 1914, pp. 5-15. (Hevea braziliensis, Java, Coptotermes gestrot.) Satt, G., 1926, pp. 1-62. (Cuba, sugarcane, Nasutitermes morio and Leucotermes sp. rarely infest mature cane, attack seed pieces.) Saraiva, A. C., 1939, pp. 101-114. (Termes latericius, cotton, citrus, deciduous fruit trees, forest trees, Portuguese East Af- rica.) Sarwar, M. S., 1940, pp. 144. (Wheat, sugar- cane, maize, and fruit trees, Punjab, Odontotermes.) Scuuster, L., 1911, p. 65 (Teak trees.) Scupper, S. H., 1861, pp. 287-288. (Termes frontalis, grapevines, in hothouses, Salem, Mass.) 1867, pp. 154-157. (Termes frontalis, grape- vines, in hothouses, Salem, Mass.) 1887, pp. 217-218. (Living plants, U.S.) 1891, pp. 15-16. (T. flavipes, tree ferns in tubs, hothouses, New England; also ge- raniums; and cabbages in gardens.) 48 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS Seasra, A. F, dE, 1917, pp. 24-28. (Neotermes gestri, Microcerotermes theobromae, ca- cao, San Thomé.) 1919, Pp. 1-43; 5-40. (Cacao and other cul- tivated plants, San Thomé.) 1921, pp. 83-119. (Cacao and other culti- vated plants, San Thomé.) 1922, pp. 78-87. (Cacao, San Thomé.) 1939, pp. 1-699. (Wheat pests of the world.) Szoane, V. L., 1879, pp. xiv-xv. (Trees, Philippines.) SHarPLes, A., 1936, pp. 370-384. (Rubber tree, Coptotermes. SHIRAKI, T., 1920, pp. 629-631. Formosa. SHumaN, F., 1954, pp. 16-17. (India, wheat, full diet equips for termite battle.) Siwpiai, Z. A., and Acarwat, R. A., 1954, p. 58. (India, sugarcane, effect of BHC and chlordane on germination and early tillering when used against termites.) Sincu, M., 1939, pp. 93-99. (Maize plants, India. SEE, C., 1932, pp. 44-46. (Young tea bushes, Acanthotermes militaris, Nyasaland.) SmiTH, F., 1866, p. 327. (Coffee beans, Termes cumulans?, Catagallo, South Brazil.) Situ, J. B., 1894, p. 494. (New Jersey, black- berry roots, Termes flavipes.) SmitH, J. H., 1938, p. 254. (Fruit trees, Queensland.) Smytu, E. G., 1919a, p. 138. (Sugarcane, Cuba.) Snyper, T. E., 1916, pp. 18-32. (Living plants, trees, U.S., corn, cotton, sugarcane, rice, potatoes, apple, pecan trees, grapevines.) 1925, pp. 14-17. (Citrus trees, Florida.) 1926c, pp. 18-21. (Living vegetation, U.S.) 1927e, p. 17, fig. 18. (Tree, Coptotermes, Honduras.) (Tea plants, 1935€, pp. 115-119. (Living vegetation, US.) 1948, pp. 129-135. (Living vegetation, wor 1954b, pp. 1-64. (Living vegetation, U.S., Canada.) Snyper, T. E., and Zetex, J., 1924, pp. 13-16, 19-20. (Coconut palms, Coptotermes, Panama.) Soraver, P., Ed., 1949, pp. 353-373. (Useful plants.) Swezey, O. H., 1920, p. 218. (Sugarcane, Ha- Waii.) 1928, p. 19. (Trees, Hawaii.) 1940, p. 177. (Cultivated plants, Guam.) 1954, PP. 20, 43, 62, 93, 98, 110, 114, 118, 123, 137, 141, 142, 148, 1§6, 165, 211, 217. (Hawaii, Neotermes connexus, Kalo- VOL. 130 termes immigrans, forest trees, all is- lands.) Tuompson, W. L., 1933, pp. 84-87. (Citrus trees, Neotermes castaneus, Florida.) 1934, pp. 33-39. (Citrus trees, Neotermes castaneus, Florida.) TuHorNnewt.t, A. S., 1924, pp. 738-739. (Trees, Rhodesia.) Tsz, K. B., 1936, pp. D1-22. (Crops, near Can- ton, China, Termes formosanus the most injurious termite.) VayssiERE, P., and Mimevr, J., 1925, pp. 80- go. (Cotton, Microtermes sudanensis, French West Africa.) VesEy-FitzGeratp, D., 1941, p. 394. (Sey- chelles, coconut palm trees, Neotermes laticollis, Nasutitermes mahéensis, Micro- cerotermes subtilis.) Vieira, R., 1952, pp. 277-278, 282 trees, ornamentals, Madeira. Vivet, E., 1914, pp. 333-338. (Grapevine, Calotermes flavicollis, attack cicatrices due to pruning, Algiers.) VoEtcKER, O. J., 1953, pp. 15-40. (Micro- termes pallidus damaging tea bushes, Fed. Malaya, p. 29.) Wape, J., 1951, pp. 7-56. (Sugarcane, world; termites, p. 7, Anoplotermes schwarz; p. 11, Calotermes sp.; p. 16, Coptotermes acinaciformis, C. formosanus, C. heimi, C. sp.; p. 17, Cryptotermes piceatus; p. 26, Eutermes costaricensts, E. haitiensis, E. morio, E. ripperti; p. 31, Kalotermes immigrans, K. schwarzi; p. 34, Leuco- termes cardini, L. flavipes, L. philip- pinensis, L. tenuis; p. 35, Mastotermes darwiniensis; p. 37, Microtermes nigritus; p. 38, Nasutitermes aequalis, N. morio, N. pallidiceps, Neotermes connexus; p. 39, Obtusitermes aequalis; p. 49, Reticuli- termes speratus; p. 56, Termes classicus, T. formosanus, T. morio, T. obesus, T. taprobanus, T. vulgaris, T. sp.) Waterston, J. M., 1949, pp. 5-15. (Kalo- termes, Cryptotermes, juniper, Bermuda.) Watson, E. B., and THompson, R. W., 1945, pp. 1-5. (R. flavipes tubes on maple trees, Toronto, Canada.) 1948, pp. 1-5. (Reticulitermes flavipes tubes on maple trees, Toronto, Canada.) Watson, J. R., 1938, pp. 8, 23. (Citrus trees, banked trees, U.S.) 1940, pp. 3, 18. (Citrus trees, banked trees, U.S. groves.) 1942, pp. 13, 17. (Citrus trees, banked trees, U.S. groves.) Werner, H., in Sorauer, P., 1949, pp. 353- 373. (Useful plants.) , 284. (Fruit WHOLE VOL. Weng, G. P., 1952, pp. 39-40. (Texas, Re- ticulitermes flavipes, avocado seedling.) Wuxinson, H., 1940, pp. 67-72. (Grasslands, East Africa.) Wittig, F. X., 1931, pp. 76-84. (Sugarcane, Hawaii.) Wotcortt, G. N., 1925, p. 422. (Seed cane, Haiti, Parvitermes pallidiceps.) DETECTION, See Barton, R. C., in Kofoid, 1934, 2d ed., pp. 711-714. (Audioamplifying apparatus.) Bercer, B. C., 1947, pp. 1-44. (Illinois, how to recognize. Crawrorp, D. L., 1928, p. 36. (X-ray, nega- tive results.) Emerson, A. E., 1929a, pp. 722-727. (Com- munication among termites, vibration.) Emerson, A. E., and Simpson, R. C., 1929, pp. 648-649. (Apparatus for detection substratum communication among ter- mites.) Grecory, J. N., 1940, pp. 310-311. timber. Snyper, T. E., 1925f, pp. 32-33. (Flights.) 1935, pp. 235-236. (Flights, tubes, damage.) (X-ray BIBLIOGRAPHY OF TERMITES: SUBJ ECTS—SNYDER 49 Woopvnousez, E. J., 1913, pp. 1-2. (Crops, Behar and Orissa, western Bengal, India, Termes sp., wheat, sugarcane.) Woopworty, H. E., 1921, pp. 9-35. (Crops, Philippines.) Yano, M., 1912, pp. 52-56. (Living plants, Japan. ZAVATTARI, E., 1953, pp. 857-863. also MICROPHONES 1935€, pp. 159-160. (Flights, tubes, dam- age. 1947b, pp. 144-147. (Flights, tubes, dam- age. 1948, p. 203. (Microphone.) 1950d, pp. 9-12. (Sound, blisters, pellets, plugs—dry-wood termites.) 1951a, pp. 237, 250, 261. (Subterranean ter- mites. 1952, p. 28. (By frass.) 1952d, pp. 33-34. (History use stethoscopes, geophones, microphones.) Sranrorp, E. E., 1934, p. 86, fig. 74. (X-ray reveals insect damage in wood.) SwrETMAN, H. L., 1950, pp. 23-38. (By dam- age, frass.) DIGESTION, See also NUTRITION, PROTOZOA Batpaccl, E., 7m Visintin, 1941-1942, pp. 157- 159, 1941. (? Schizomycetes or Protozoa in cellulose digestion in intestines of ter- mites.) Beckwitn, T. D., and Ross, E. J., 1929, pp. 4-6. (Cellulose digestion by organisms from termite gut.) Buscaxion1, L., and Comes, S., 1910, pp. 1-16. (Symbiosis, intestinal flagellates.) Cuixp, H. J., in Kofoid, 1934, 2d ed., pp. 58- 88. (Histology of digestive tract.) CieveLann, L. R., 1923, pp. 444-461. (Sym- biosis, intestinal flagellates, correlation be- tween food and morphology and presence of Protozoa.) 1923a, pp. 424-428. (Symbiosis, intestinal agellates, correlation between food and morphology and presence of Protozoa.) 1924, pp. 178-201, 203-227. (Symbiosis, in- testinal flagellates, correlation between food and morphology and presence of Protozoa, especially R. flavipes.) 1925, pp. 282-287. (Trichonympha cam- panula ingests solid particles of wood for food.) 1925a, pp. 289-293. (Termites live indefi- nitely on diet pure cellulose.) 1925b, pp. 295-308. (Feeding habits of castes and relation to intestinal flagel- lates.) 1925¢, pp. 309-326. (Symbiosis, Termopsis and its intestinal flagellates.) 1926, pp. 51-60. (Symbiosis, termites and their intestinal flagellates.) 1928, pp. 231-237. (Symbiosis, termites and their intestinal flagellates.) CLEVELAND, L. R., Sanpers, E. P., and Hatt, S:”.R.. 1931; p. 02. (Protozoa. "roach; Cryptocercus, and termites, relation to evolution from roaches.) Dickman, A., 1931, pp. 85-92. (Symbiosis, in- testinal Protozoa, bacteria, spirochaetes next to Protozoa in abundance.) Emerson, A. E., im Allee et al., 1949, p. 718. (Symbiosis, intestinal Protozoa, bacteria, spirochaetes next to Protozoa in abun- dance.) Guipint, G. M., 1940, pp. 220-221. (Activity intestinal flora and fauna of Reticuli- termes lucifugus in digesting cellulose.) 1941, pp. 103-113. (Flagellates responsible for digestion cellulose, bacteria do not have prevailing role.) Hog, E., 1814, pp. 378-384. (Digestive or- gans. 50 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS Huneatz, R. E., 1936, pp. 240-249. (Role bacteria and molds in cellulose decom- position slight.) 1938, pp. 1-25. (Relative importance of the termite and Protozoa in wood digestion— in Zootermopsis.) 1938a, p. 53. (Some products of the cellu- lose dissimilation by termite Protozoa.) 1939, pp. 230-245. (Anaerobic carbohydrate dissimilation by intestinal Protozoa, Zo- otermopsis.) 1943, pp. 730-739. (Quantitative analysis on the cellulose fermentation by Proto- zoa.) 1944, pp. 91-98. (Nitrogen utilization by Zootermopsis.) 1946, pp. 9-24. (Symbiotic utilization of cellulose, microorganisms ferment di- gested cellulose, products absorbed and oxidized by host, utilization same as in cattle.) Mansour, K., and Mansour-BeEk, J. J., 1934, pp. 363-382. (Role of microorganisms in digestion of wood.) DISEASES, HUMAN, Bett, T., 1874, p. 181. (Epidzootic among termites, Nicaragua.) Beresssere, H. v.P., 1907, pp. 757-762. (Uses in medicine, Africa.) Futter, C., 1918a, pp. 43-48. (Death natives following feast on Hodotermes, South Africa.) Harper’s Famity Lrisrary, 1831, pp. 147-148. (East Indies, winged with flour made into pastry, eaten too abundantly causes fatal cholera; Africa, winged parched.) Hurst, L. F., 1933, pp. 47-48. (Bacteriology dry-wood termites, Ceylon, relation to sprue, “Monilia’ cultured from fecal pellets.) VOL. 130 Misra, J. N., and RANGANATHAN, V., 1954, pp. 100-113. (India, digestion cellulose by Cyclotermes obesus.) MonTatenti, G., 1932, pp. 859-864. (Calo- termes flavicollis, amylase and invertase present in midgut: proteolytic enzyme also exists.) Mukerji, D., and RaycHaupuurI, S., 19434, p. 166. (Digestive system Termes rede- manni.) Pratanta, E., 1938, pp. 297-328. (Structure digestive tube Reticulitermes lucifugus.) VisinTIn, B., 1941, pp. 393-406. (Calotermes flavicollis fed with compressed yeast free of cellulose substances eliminates normal fauna of flagellates and loses power to digest cellulose.) 1947, pp. 290-300. (Starch in nutrition uti- lized as carbohydrate food, enzyme active in intestines partially free of Protozoa.) VisinTIN, B., et al., 1941-1942, pp. 27-44. (Di- gestion cellulose (in Kalotermes flavi- collis) due to activity flagellate Joenidae.) PLANT, and TERMITE Jepson, F. P., 1933, pp. 1-46. (Possible factor pellets dry-wood termites in etiology sprue, Ceylon.) Jorvens, J. H., 1801, pp. xxviii+318. (Hu- man parasites.) Snyper, T. E., 1951b, pp. 31-32. (Sudden death workers and nasuti Nasutitermes costalis in building, Dominica.) Snyper, T. E., and ZErex, J., 1924, pp. 13-16, 19-20. (Carrier of nematodes which cause “red ring” disease coconut palms, Pan- ama.) Strong, R. P., 1925, pp. 97-107. (Spirochaetes, Treponema spp., in termite intestines not pathogenic in mice and guinea pigs.) DISTRIBUTION Ase, Y., 1937, pp. 463-472. (Coptotermes formosanus in Japan. Apvamson, A. M., 1937, pp. 141-149. (Trini- dad.) 1938, pp. 220-224. (Lesser Antilles.) 1940a, pp. 12-15. (Trinidad and Tobago, 56 species from former, to from latter area, ecology.) 1946, pp. 221-223. (Trinidad and Tobago, 56 species from former, 10 from latter area, ecology.) 1948, pp. 53-55. (Lesser Antilles.) Aumap, M., 1952, p. 71. (Cryptotermes in India and Pakistan, C. dudleyi new for subcontinent; C. bengalensis, C. domenti- cus; C. bengalensis synonym of C. havi- landi.) ALEXANDER, A. E., 1936, p. 34. (Reticulitermes flavipes north bank Cascadilla Creek, Ithaca, central New York.) AvtBerT, H., 1951, pp. 9-174. (West Africa.) ANNANDALE, N., 1923, pp. 233-251. (Chilka Lake, Barkuda, India.) ANoNnyMous, 1864, p. 310. (St. Helena.) 1870, pp. 642-644. (France.) 1891, p. 471. (Pacific Coast, U.S.) IQII, pp. 273-274. (Ceylon.) 1914, p. 74. (Barbados.) WHOLE VOL. 1933a, p. 30. (No invasion of eastern U.S.— Dr. T. E. Snyder.) 1941b, pp. 117-123. (France.) 1950a, pp. I-75. (South Africa.) 19538, p. 148. (Toronto, Ontario, Canada, Reticulitermes flavipes only slightly ex- tended the infested area.) AssMUTH, J., 1927, pp. 171-173. India.) AucToreEs, 1952, pp. 87-88. (Japan, Copto- termes formosanus, Leucotermes spera- tus, and Calotermes satsumensis.) Banxs, N., 1901*, pp. 541-546. (Galapagos Islands. 1907, pp. 5-6. (North America.) 1918*, pp. 659-667. (Panama and British Guiana. 1919*, pp. 475-489. (Antilles.) Banks, N., and Snyper, T. E., 1920*, pp. I- 228. (North America, distribution maps.) Barreto, B. T., 1923, pp. 106-109. (Cuba.) BATHELLIER, J., 1927, pp. 125-365. (Indo- China.) Beat, J. A., Hatisurton, W., and Knicnt, F. B., 1952, pp. 3-168. (Piedmont Pla- teau, North Carolina, southeastern U.S.; pp. 124-126, Reticulitermes spp.) Bratt, G., 1931, pp. 33-35- (British Colum- bia. Beatty, H. A., 1944, pp. 118-119. (Puerto Rico.) Beaven, R. C., 1868, pp. 381-383. (India.) Becker, G., 1953a, pp. 339-373. (Guatemala.) Berson, C. F. C., 1941a, pp. 524-553. (100 species from India. Bequaert, J. C., 72 Strong, 1930, pp. 819-823. (Liberia, Belgian Congo.) Brrxanp, L., 1926, pp. 72-73. Calotermes flavi- collis, le Var, France.) Bernarp, F., 1948, pp. 185-196. (Fezzan, Tripoli.) 1954, pp. 104-111. (Sahara desert, role ter- mites. Bissy, F. F., 1947, p. 79. (Samar Group, Philippines, Nasutitermes panayensis.) Biackgurn, T., 1884, p. 413. (Hawaii.) Brake, C. H., 1937, pp. 3-9. (Reticulitermes flavipes, New England.) Bose-Moreau, C. J., 1843, pp. xliv-+122. (British (Rochefort, Dept. Charente-Inféricure, France.) BopENHEIMER, F, S., 1935, pp. 327; 329. (Pales- tine.) BorrineT (Pére), 1842, pp. 546-559. (Cha- rente-Inférieure, France. 1853, pp. 145-157. (Charente-Inférieure, France. BIBLIOGRAPHY OF TERMITES: SUBJ ECTS—-SNYDER 51 Bonaventura, G., 1953a, pp. 1-32. (Umbria, Italy.) Boys, W. J. E., 1846, pp. cli-clii. (India.) Braver, F., 1876, pp. 265-300. (Europe, es- pecially Austria.) Brey, C. S., 1938, p. 28. (North Carolina, 3 species Reticulitermes.) Bucnion, E., 1913e, pp. 165-172. (Indo-Ma- laya.) 1913f, pp. 24-58. (Ceylon.) 1920, pp. 49-51. (Reticulitermes lucifugus, Basses-Pyrénées. ) Cacuan, P., 1949, pp. 177-275. (Madagascar.) 1950a, pp. 111-117. (Madagascar, Neo- termes, Heterotermes philippinensis, Cop- totermes truncatus, Psammotermes voeltz- kowt, Eutermes caniculatus, Coarctotermes clepsydra, Capritermes capricornis, dis- tribution.) 1951, pp. 1-18. (Madagascar.) eee J., 1877, pp. 392-397. (South Amer- ica. Capra, F., 1935, pp. 44-46. (Trinervitermes tripolitanus, Abyssinia, not Libia.) 1938, p. 125. (Trinervitermes tripolitanus and T. trinervius, Libia.) 1948, pp. 77-79. (Reticulitermes lucifugus, Italy. Carpin, P. G., 1918, pp. 58-61. (Cuba.) Castiz, G. B., in Kofoid, 1934, 2d ed., pp. 273-275. (Zootermopsis, western U.S.) 1944, p. 64. (Zootermopsis nevadensis and Reticulitermes tibialis, Montana.) Cuaszousson, F., 1954, pp. 347-352. (France.) Cuarrier, H., 1923, pp. 216-217. (Reticult- termes lucifugus, Tangiers.) Cuaupury, G. U., 1954, pp. 31-32. (First Paki- stan record of Archotermopsis wrought- oni (Desneux).) Cuoparp, L., 1947, pp. 1-111. (France.) Crpriant, L., 1932, pp. 126-131. (Rhodesia.) Cracs, C. F., 1954, p. 278. (Hawaii, Kaneohe Marine Corps Air Sta., new record for Coptotermes formosanus.) Crark, A. F., 1938, pp. 177-179. (New Zea- land, native and introduced termites.) Coaton, W. G. H., 1947, pp. 130-177. (Pi- enaars River, South. Africa.) 1948, pp. 1-19. (Trinervitermes, South Af- rica. 1948b, pp. 1-18. South Africa.) 1948d, pp. 1-38. (Hodotermes, South Af- rica. 1949b, pp. 13-77. (Hodotermitidae and Kalotermitidae, South Africa.) 1950a, pp. 3-32. (Cryptotermes, South Af- rica. (Cryptotermes brevis, 52 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS Cotas, G., 1944, pp. 38-39. (Reticulitermes lucifugus, France.) Cosar, H. G., 1934, pp. 1-86. (Africa, map different types nests correlated with vege- tation.) Costa-Lima, A. pa, 1938*, pp. 359-362. (Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, Neotermes wagneri.) 1939, pp. 263-327. (Brazil.) 1942*, pp. 1-4. (Brazil, Neotermes wag- nert. DaMMERMAN, K. W., 1948, pp. 490-491. (Krakatau.) Dance, C. D., 1881, pp. 159-161. (British Guiana.) Desneux, J., 1904e*, pp. 1-52. (World, over 300 species cataloged.) Dietz, H. F., 1921, pp. 87-96. (Indiana.) 1924, pp. 299-301. (Indiana.) Dirtz, H. F., and Snyper, T. E., 1924, pp. 279-302. (Panama.) Dixon, W. B., 1946, pp. 31-34. Cryptoter mes brevis. DospeLakrE, G., 1945, p. 49. (Reticulitermes lucifugus soldiers and workers near Paris.) Dosson, R. J., 1918, p. 99. (Reticulitermes lucifugus near Boston.) Déoperzein, L., 1881, pp. 211, 212. (Japan.) Duptey, P. H., and Beaumont, J., 1889*, pp. 85-114. (Panama.) 1889a*, pp. 56-70, 111-112. (Panama.) 1890*, pp. 157-180. (Panama.) 1890a*, pp. 102-108. (Panama.) Enruorn, E. M., 1915, pp. 55-56. (Copto- termes, Oahu, Hawaii.) 1928, pp. 4, 18. (Coptotermes, Oahu, Ha- wali, p. 4; Kalotermes immigrans and ae connexus, Kauai, Hawaii, p. 18. 1929, p. 230. (Coptotermes formosanus, damage to “Ohia” paving blocks (hard wood), Oahu, Hawaii.) 1931, pp. 330-332. (Hawaii.) 1934, in Kofoid, 2d ed., pp. 321-323. (List termites of Hawaii.) Emerson, A. E., 1925*, pp. 291-459. (Kartabo, British Guiana.) 1928*, pp. 401-574. (Belgian Congo and Cameroon, Africa. 1933", pp. 165-196. (Western U.S.) 1934, in Kofoid, 1934, 2d ed., p. 117. (Map showing world distribution of termites.) 1936, pp. 410-411. (Reticulitermes flavipes common in central New York State, rec- ords for other termites; northern records for flavipes and R. tibialis.) 1949, in Allee et al., pp. 660, 661, 724, 725; 726. (Kalotermes in peripheral regions, (Jamaica, VOL. 130 p. 660; Neotermes and Glyptotermes in continental rainforests of Tropics, p. 661: Reticulitermes and climate, p. 724, Pro- rhinotermes, p. 725; predatory barrier prevents dispersal less defended Nasuti- termitinae, p. 726.) 1951, pp. 149-160. (Belgian Congo, Africa.) 1952, pp. 217-225. (Biogeography.) 1952b, pp. 486, 506. (Distribution Procorni- termes and Cornitermes.) 1955a; Pp. 465-522. (World distribution and origin genera. Emerson, A. E., and Miter, E. M., 1943, pp. 184-187. (Florida.) 1944, pp. 108-109. (Florida.) Ericson, W. F., 1848, pp. 582-583. (British Guiana.) Esaki, T., 1937, pp. 344-346. (Zootermopsis angusticollis from Oregon, introduced into Japan.) Escuericu, K., (Ery- threa.) Ig11*, pp. 1-179. (Ceylon.) Favarp, P. G., 1930, pp. 497-499. (Southern France, Calotermes flavicollis.) Frytaup, J., 1924, pp. 241-244. (Saintonge, France.) 1924b, pp. 69-73. (Charentes, France.) 1951, p. 223. (Reticulitermes flavipes, Bor- deaux, R. lucifugus, SE. France.) Frercuer, T. B., 1914, pp. 1-565. (India.) 1916, p. 39. (Coptotermes gestroi, India.) Forzes, S. A., 1895, pp. 190-204. (Termes flavipes, Mlinois.) Foxworthy, F. E., and Woo try, H. W., 1930, pp. 1-60. (List Malayan termites.) FRAvENFELD, G. R., 1868, p. 291. (Nicobars.) Froccatt, W. W., 1895*, pp. 415-438. (Aus- tralia.) 1896*, pp. 510-552. (Australia.) 1897*, pp. 721-758. (Australia.) 1905a, pp. 1-47. (Australia.) 1907, pp. 1-449. (Australia.) 1g08a, pp. 247-248. 1923, pp. xiv+171. (Australia.) Futraway, D. T., 1920, pp. 294-301. (Ha- waii.) 1921, pp. 456-457. (Cryptotermes brevis in Hawaii previous to 1904.) 1925, p. 19. (Coptotermes and Crypto- termes in Hilo more than 1 year since 1924.) 1926, pp. 68-88. (Hawaii.) 1926a, pp. 334.-349. Hawaii.) 1927, pp. 170-176. (Hawaii.) 1929, pp. 79-80, 82-92. (Hawaii.) 19294, p. 134. (Hawaii.) 1929b, pp. 205, 210. (Coptotermes formo- sanus on Kauai, Hawaii.) WHOLE VOL. 1931, p. 8. (Coptotermes and Cryptotermes on Lanai, Hawaii.) Futer, C., 1912, pp. 814-823. (Natal, South Africa.) I9I2a, pp. 345-369, 543-571. (Natal, South Africa.) 1915a, pp. 329-504. (South Africa.) 1921, pp. 462-466, 142-147. (South Africa.) 1921a, pp. 101-103. (South Africa.) 1921-1922, pp. 14-52, 70-131. 1923*, pp. 191-192. (Uganda.) 1925, pp. 269-276. (Northern Zululand.) 1925a*, pp. 167-246. (South Africa.) Gassizs, J. B., 1855, pp. 427-428. (Introduced, Bordeaux. GrorcEviTcH, J., 1931, pp. 1-68. (Jugoslavia.) GersTackerR, A., 1873; 1891, pp. 183-191. (East Africa.) GNANAMUTHU, C. P., 1947, pp. 154-155. (Coptotermes ceylonicus Krusadai Island, India.) Gortiner, E. J., 1931*, pp. 227-234. (Reticu- litermes arenincola, sand dunes Indiana, Michigan.) Gortscu, W., 1930. (Chile.) 1933*, Pp. 227-243. (Calotermes chilensis and 2 var., and C. gracilignathus, Juan Fernandez Island.) 19538, pp. 235-280. (Includes list of ants and termites from Balearic Islands; in- vestigation of caste development.) Gozze, J. H. E., 1783, pp. 20-27. (France.) Goureau, C., 1851, pp. xl-xli. (Antilles.) Gravojevi¢é, M., 1929, pp. 1-16. (Reticuli- termes lucifugus, southern Serbia.) Grasst, P. P., 1936, pp. 265-306. (French West Africa.) 1937a*, pp. 1-100. (French West Africa.) 1938a, pp. 195-196. (Calotermes dispar, Canary Islands.) 1939*, pp. 179-185. (Calotermes barretoi, Reticulitermes, Neotermes praecox, Ma- deira.) 1949, pp. 408-544. (General.) Grassi, B., and Sanpias, A., 1893, pp. I-75. (Italy, Sicily.) Green, E. E., 1908, pp. 75-82. (Ceylon.) 1913, pp. 7-15. (Ceylon.) GrEENWooD, W., 1940, pp. 211-218. (Fiji.) Gunpracu, J., 1886, pp. 204-208. (Cuba.) 1894, p. 264. (Puerto Rico.) Hacen, H. A., 1852, pp. 53-75. (General.) 1855-1860*, pp. 1-144, 270-325, 1-342, 73-79. (World, 60 species listed.) 1876, p. 62. (Reticulitermes flavipes, Flor- ida.) 1877, p. 73. (California.) BIBLIOGRAPHY OF TERMITES: SUBJ ECTS—-SNYDER 53 Hacen, V. W. von, 1937-1938, pp. 46, 39-49. (Nasutitermes.) Hatt, H. C. van, 1867, p. 381. (East Indies.) Harris, W. V., 1940, pp. 62-66. (East Africa.) 1941, pp. 201-205. (East Africa.) 1950, pp. 50-52. (East Africa.) 1951, pp. 25-28. (East Africa.) 1951a, pp. 60-62, (East Africa.) 1953, pp. 13-14. (St. Helena, Cryptotermes brevis introduced from America and Heterotermes platycephalus from Aus- tralia.) 1954b, pp. wealth. Haywarp, K. J., 1942, p. 50. Argentina.) Heavier, T. J., 1937, pp. 337-341. (New Jersey, colonies abundant in woodland where more soil moisture.) Hecu, E., 1922, pp. 1-756. (World.) Hessz, R., ALLEE, W. C., and Scum, K. P., 1937. (Approx. 1,600 species in Tropics and sub-Tropics, p. 109; Tropics, p. 402; rainforests, p. 431; open lands, nests sa- vannahs, pp. 446, 460.) 2d ed., 1951, pp. 480, 518, 536. (Approx. 1,600 species in Tropics and sub-Tropics; Tropics, p. 402; rainforests, p. 431; open lands, nests sa- vannahs, pp. 446, 460.) Hirt, G. F., 1942*, pp. 1-473. (Australian region.) Hit-Gisson, C. A., 1947, pp. 56-57. (Christ- mas Island, Indian Ocean, Prorhinotermes canalifrons and Kalotermes, n. sp.) 1950, pp. 149-165. (Cocos-Keeling Islands, Prorhinotermes canalifrons and Kalo- termes, Nn. sp.) Hirton, W. A., 1919, p. 41. (Claremont- Laguna region, California, Reticulitermes tibialis, R. hesperus, Termopsis (Zooter- mopsis) angusticollis.) Horrman, W. E., 1938, pp. 439-460. (Termes formosanus and Macrotermes barneyi, Is- land of Hainan.) Hormecren, N., 1913b*, pp. 5-31. (Various theories on center of dispersal.) Hoon, R. C., and Tarwar, K. N., 1950, pp. 179-186. (Hirakud Dam, India.) Horn, W., 1899, pp. 129-136, 225-236, 385- 397. (Ceylon.) Horvatu, G., 1885, pp. 208-211, (Termes lucifugus in Hungary.) Hupimar, S. B., 1911, pp. 103-114. (Bhor- Ghats, India.) Hupson, G. V., 1892, pp. 107-108. (New Zea- land.) ’ 1904, pp. x-+102. (New Zealand.) 126-132. (British Common- (Tucuman, XXVIil. 54 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS Huncerrorp, H. B., 1935, p. 24. (Reticuli- termes hageni, Kansas. Hutton, F. W., 1899, pp. 209-210. (New Zea- land.) Inuicer, K., 1805, pp. 232-234. (Africa.) Inveea, F., 1942, pp. 106-108. (R. lucifugus, Genoa and Liguria.) Ionescu, M. A., 1932, pp. 108-113. (R. lu- cifugus in Romania.) Isaac, P. V., 1946, pp. 75-76. (New Delhi, India, Microcerotermes heimi. Jack, R. W., 1913, pp. 1-16. (Rhodesia.) JAcoBson, G. G., 1904*, pp. 57-107. (Russia.) Jarcer, E. C., 1933, pp. 48-49. (Amitermes and Reticulitermes tibialis, California des- ert.) Jaume, Micuert L., (Cuba.) Jepson, F. P., 1927, pp. 19-21. termes in tea plants.) Joun, O., 1920*, pp. 227-234. (South Amer- ica. 1925*, pp. 360-419. (Ceylon, Malay Penin- sula, Sumatra, Java, and Aru Islands.) Jucct, C., 1937, pp. 300-308. (Italian East Africa.) Jucci, C., and Sprincuett, A., 1953. (Sicily.) Katsnoven, L. G. E., 1934, pp. cliv-clv. (Cap- ritermes, East Indies.) 1935, Pp. 21-22. (Schedorhinotermes ja- vanicus, East Indies.) 1936, pp. 50-51. (East Indies.) 1936a, Pp. 427-435. (Java.) 1950, pp. 146-177. (Indonesia.) Keck, C. B., 1952, p. 351. (Midway Island, Cr yptotermes brevis.) Kemp, P. B., 1955, pp. 113-136. (Northeastern Tanganyika.) Kent, W. S., 1897, pp. 101-131. 1897a, pp. 81-82. (Australia.) Kirsy, W. F., 1884, pp. 453-454. Koro, C. A., 1934, 2d ed., pp. 13-21. matic factors.) Kore, H. J., 1885*, pp. 145-150. (Japan.) 1887, pp. 70-74. (Hodotermes and Termes, “Caplande,” South Africa.) 1954, pp. 1163-1182. (Ceylon, Calo- (Australia.) (Cli- Kottar, V., 1833, p. 459. (Termes flavipes, Vienna. 1850, pp. 280-281. (T. flavipes, in Schén- brunn.) 1858, pp. 339-343. (Mauritius and Mada- gascar. Kraussg, A., 1913, pp. 144-145. (Sardinia.) Kutcuka, G. MacM., 1936, pp. 45-48. (Dis- tribution through greenhouse plants.) LaBouLBENE, 1860, pp. cv-cvi. (Reticulitermes oa agen, France.) ii-liii . (R. lucifugus, France.) VOL. 130 La Crorx, E. pE, 1900, pp. 22-23. (Termes carbonarius.) Lat, R., and Menon, R. D., 1953, pp. 1-94. (Catalog Indian Isoptera, 157 species, in- cluding Burma and Ceylon.) LameegreE, A., 1902, pp. 441-443. (Hodotermes ochraceus, Psammotermes hybostoma, and Eutermes desertorum in Sahara desert.) Layarp, E, L., 1866, p. xii. (St. Helena.) Lerroy, H. M., 1909, pp. 115-121. (India.) Leonarp, M. D., 1928, p. 38. (New York.) LESNE, P,, 1923, pp. 1507-1508. (Reticuliter- mes lucifugus.) Lever, R. J. A. W., 1934, pp. 10-13. (Solomon Islands.) 1939, pp. 17-20. (Eutermes olidus, Copto- termes acinaciformis, Kalotermes repan- dus, Cryptotermes buxtoni, Glyptotermes taveuniensis, and Prorhinotermes inopina- tus; Neotermes connexus record in Fiji incorrect.) 19394, Pp. 36-37. Fiji. 1939b, pp. 32-34. (Cryptotermes buxtoni, Coptotermes acinaciformis and Prorhino- termes, Fiji.) 1939¢, p. 87. (Fiji.) 1942, pp. 48-49. Fiji. 1943, PP- 40-42. (Nasutitermes yandinien- sis, Solomon Islands.) 1948, pp. 50-52. (Microcerotermes biroi, Nasutitermes novarum-hebridarum, Solo- mon Islands.) 1952, pp. 214-217. (Singapore, Coptotermes parvulus.) L’Herminirr, F. L., 1837, pp. 497-513. (Gua- deloupe.) Licut, S. F., 1929*, pp. 67-72. (Lower Cali- fornia.) (1929) 1931*, pp. 581-600. (China.) 1931a*, pp. 5-9. (Nevada, Kalotermes, Re- ticulitermes, Amitermes.) 1932d*, pp. 3-5. (Society Islands.) 1933", pp. 79-164. (Western Mexico.) 1934, in Kofoid, 2d ed. Amitermes and Gnathamitermes, world, pp. 117-126; U.S. by States, pp. 127-135; North America, pp. 199-205. Dry-wood termites, world, pp. 206-207. Kalotermes minor, North America, pp. 210-212. Kalotermes hub- bardi and marginipennis, North America, pp. 266-268. Paranecotermes, U.S., pp. 311-313; Mexico, pp. 338-339; Philippines, PP. 347-350.) 1935", Pp. 235-236. (Kalotermitidae and Heterotermes, Pacific Islands.) (Cryptotermes brevis, (Kalotermes repandus, WHOLE VOL. 1936*, pp. 125-126. (Cryptotermes brevis introduced in wood from Peru to Cali- fornia.) 1946, p. 9. (Guam.) Licnt, S. F., and Pickens, A. L., in Kofoid, 1934, 2d ed., pp. 150-156. (North Amer- ica, subterranean termites.) LicuT, S. F., and Wuson, F. J., 1936*, pp. 461-520. (Philippines, nasutiform ter- mites.) Licut, S. F., and ZimMerMan, E. C., 1936*, pp. 1-12. (Southeastern Polynesia.) Lima, A. pA Costa, see Costa-LIMa. Lor, D’A., 1903, pp. 19-31. (South Africa.) Lucas, H., 1851, pp. Ii. (Senegal.) Lutz, F. E., 1941, p. 154. (New York City, no invasion of termites; fewer termites than more than 30 years ago.) McDanirrt, E. I., 1934, pp. 1-14. (Michigan.) 1938, pp. 1-14. (Michigan.) McKeown, K. C., 1944, rev. ed., pp. 63-69. (Australia.) McLacutan, R., 1869, p. xiii. (St. Helena, Termes tenuis.) 1874, pp. 15-16. (Zanzibar, Calotermes.) 1876, p. 17. (American termites, Termes flavipes, in Vienna.) 1878, p. xii. (Cuba, Termes ripperti; Af- rica, Termes trinervius.) 1882, pp. 150-183. (Madeira and Canary Islands.) 1883, pp. 226-228. (Hawaii, Calotermes castaneus and marginipennis.) Mamet, R., and Durocuer-Yvon, F., 1942, pp. 197-207. (fle Maurice.) Marco, A. W., 1933, pp. 157-163. China.) Marcazanpuu, V., 1934*, pp. 700-714. (Indo- Ceylon.) 1935*, pp. 208-209. (Indo-Ceylon.) Marina, G., 1929, pp. 28-29, 64-65. (Province Zamora, Spain.) MarsHatt, T. A., 1878, pp. Xxvii-Xxxviii. (Windward Islands.) Martinez, E. A., 1939, pp. 49-50. (Crypto- termes rospigliosi, Peru. MartoreLt, L. F., 1939, pp. 184-185. (State of Aragua, Venezuela, Cryptotermes brevis and Nasutitermes sp.) Maynarp, C. J., 1888, pp. 111-113. (Bahamas.) MemprENo, A., 1912, p. 25. (Mexico, Termes fatale.) Menozzi, C., 1940*, pp. 244-273. (Tripoli.) Miter, D., 1939, pp. 57-65. (Coptotermes lacteus and acinaciformis, New Zealand.) 1940-41, pp. 333-334. (New Zealand. Stolo- termes ruficeps and Calotermes brouni peculiar to New Zealand; 7 termites have (East BIBLIOGRAPHY OF TERMITES: SUBJ ECTS—SNYDER 55 been introduced from Australia: Calo- termes insularis, condonensis, oldfieldit, var. chryseus, Porotermes adamsoni, Cop- totermes acinaciformis, frenchi, and lac- teus.) Mirter, E. M., 1949, pp. 1-30. (Florida.) Miter, E. M., and Mriter, D. B., 1943, pp. to1-107. (Florida.) Monte, O., 1931, pp. 69-70. (Brazil.) MorstatT, H., 1913, pp. 130-141, 443-464. (East Africa.) Moutia, A., and Mamet, R., 1946, pp. 439- 472. (Mauritius.) 1947, pp. 1-43. (Mauritius.) Muze ter, F., 1871, pp. 205-206. (Brazil.) Navas, L., 1911*, pp. 118-121. (Hodotermes ubachi, Palestine.) Nawa, U., 1911, pp. 94-99. (Calotermes ko- shunensis, Loo-Choo. IQI1a, pp. 194-195. (Leucotermes flavipes ? in Japan.) IQI2, pp. 221-223. (Eutermes takasogoensis, Formosa.) IgI2a, pp. 313-316. (Glyptotermes fuscus, Formosa. 1g12b, pp. 440-444. (Calotermes kotoensis, Formosa. Nicuots, E. R., 1929, p. 123. (Southern Cali- fornia.) Nretner, J., 1857, pp. 36-41. (Ceylon.) Oxapa, T., 1912, pp. 17-18. (Coptotermes formosanus, Shizuoka Prefecture.) Osgorn, H., 1898, p. 231. (Termes flavipes, Iowa. Osten-SackENn, C. R., 1877, pp. 72-73. (Termes, California.) Oviepo, pvE, G. F. pE Vatp£s, 1851, pp. 450- 453. (Santo Domingo.) Pacxarp, A. S., 1883, pp. 326-329. (Termopsis and Termes flavipes, U.S.) Pacxarp, C. E., 1936, p. 575. (U.S.) Pancca, G. A., 1936, pp. 233-265. (Philip- pines.) Paoit, G., 1934, pp. 1-427. (Italian Somali- and. Park, O., 1929, pp. 121-126. (Reticulitermes tibialis, Chicago area, U.S.) Patterson, W. H., 1927, pp. 35-39. (Gold Coast, Africa.) Pautian, R., 1951, p. 18. (Microtermes kau- derni, Coarctotermes clepsydra, Capri- termes capricornis, Neotermes, Copto- termes truncatus, Tananarive.) Penpiesury, H. M., 1930, pp. 45-46. (Ma- laya.) Perez, J., 1907, PP. 4-7, 37-40, 71-77. (South- west. Perkins, R. C. L., 1899, p. 88. (Hawaii.) 56 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS Perris, E., 1876, pp. 201-202. (Reticulitermes lucifugus in Landes.) 1876a, pp. ccxvi-ccxvii. (Emery on flight “Eutermes” (sic) flavicollis.) Perty, M., 1830-1834*, pp. 19-20, 127-129. (Brazil.) Peyermuorf, P. ve, 1948, pp. 185-194. (Ana- canthotermes ochraceus, Psammotermes hybostoma, Fezzan, Sahara.) Pury, J. Sr. J., 1933, p- 404. (Great South Desert, Arabia.) Pickens, A. L., 1932, pp. 178-180. (Reticult- termes, U.S.) 1934, in Kofoid, 2d ed. (Reticulitermes hesperus, North America, pp. 157-183; Reticulitermes tibialis, North America, pp. 184-186.) Pickens, A. L., and Licut, S. F., 1934, im Kofoid, 2d ed., pp. 196-198. (Hetero- termes aureus, North America.) Picret, A. E., 1865, pp. 1-123. (Spanish Pen- insula, 2 termite species.) Pinto, M. P. D., 1941, pp. 73-105. (Calo- termitidae, Ceylon. Pont, I. E., and Kotrar, V., 1832*, pp. 1-20. (Brazil.) Porrot, J., 1949, pp. 186-190. (Termes lucifu- gus, Ile d’Oléron.) Pujiuta, J., 1904, pp. 51-60. (Tortosa.) QuatreFaces, A. DE, 1853a, pp. 16-21. (La Rochelle.) Rainzow, W. J., 1897, pp. 100-101. (Atoll of Funafuti, Ellice Group.) Ramos, J. A., 1946, pp. 12-13. (Kalotermes incisus, mona, snyderi, and Procrypto- termes corniceps, Mona Island.) RatcuiFFE, F. N., Gay, F. J., and Greaves, T., 1952, Pp. 32-35, 59-124. (Australia.) Rees, D. M., and Gaurin, A. R., 1939, pp. 3-7. (Reticulitermes tibialis, tumiceps, and Kalotermes minor, Utah.) Renccer, J. R., 1835, pp. 266-274. (Paraguay.) Ritey, C. V., 1870, p. 11. (Termes frontalis, Schénbrunn, “Germany.”) 1877, p. 43. (Termes flavipes, Germany.) Ritzy, N. D., 1943, p. 95. (Nasutitermes costalis in England, introduced.) Ropon, G. S., 1900, pp. 363-364. (India.) Romans, R., 1883, pp. 214-215. (Rangoon.) Roonwat, M. L., and Pant, G. D., 1953, pp. 39-60. (India.) RosENscHotp, E. M. ar, 1849, pp. 59-62. (Para- guay.) Ross, H. H., 1953, pp. 145-158. (Nearctic ter- mites.) Rosst, P., 1792*, p. 107. (Etruria.) 1807, pp. 16-17. (Etrusca.) RuTHERFoRD, A., 1914, pp. 305-307. (Ceylon.) VOL. 130 SarFrorp, W. E., 1919, pp- 377-434. (Florida Everglades.) Saint, S. J., 1940, pp. 9-10. (Cryptotermes brevis, Heterotermes tenuis, Coptotermes havilandi, Nasutitermes costalis, and Kalotermes, n. sp. ?, Neotermes known to be present; Coptotermes testaceus and Nasutitermes noted as importations in wallaba firewood from British Guiana to — Barbados.) Sanpias, A., 1908, pp. 1-9. (Italy.) SavacE, T. S., 1849, pp. 211-221. (Termes bellicosus, West Africa.) Scuompurck, R. H., 1847, p. 647. (Barbados.) Scuwarz, E. A., 1896, pp. 38-41. (Southwest- ern Texas.) Scoport, J. A., 1763, pp. 380-381. (Carniolica (Austria), not termites.) Scorteccl, G., 1936, pp. 1-12. (Fezzan.) Seasra, A. F. pe, 1907, pp. 122-123. (Calo- termes flavicollis and Termes lucifugus.) 1939, p- 167. (Portugal.) SénesszE, P., 1947, pp. 30-32. (Roussilon.) SeoanE, V. L., 1878, pp. ccxxv-cexxvii. (Philip- pines.) 1879, pp. xiv-xv. (Philippines.) Suarp, D., 1894, pp. vii-vili. (Singapore.) 1895a, pp. xix-xx. (Calotermes, Borneo.) Surrakt, T., 1909*, pp. 229-242. (Japan.) 1910, pp. Vit+331. (Formosa.) 1952, p. 15. (Japan.) SitantyEv, A. A., 1903, p. 29. (Calotermes flavicollis, Caucasus.) Sitvestri, F., 1902, pp. 173-178, 257-260, 289- 293, 326-335. (South America.) 1903*, pp. 1-234. (South America.) 1904, pp. 353-378. (South America.) 1909*, pp. 279-314. (SW. Australia.) 1938, pp. 65-72. (Fezzan.) Smeone, J. B., 1954, pp. 661-663. (Danger zones in New York State.) Syéstept, Y., 1893, pp. 97-119. (Cameroon.) 1926*, pp. 1-419. (Africa.) SxarrE, S. H., 1954, pp. 251-271. (Amitermes atlanticus of the Cape, South Africa.) SMEATHMAN, H., 1781, pp. 139-192. (Africa.) Situ, J. B., 1910, p. 49. (New Jersey, U.S.) SmirH, R. C., 1943, pp. 140-142. (Kansas, US) SNELLEMAN, J. F., 1886, pp. 23-24. (Termes gilvus, Sumatra. Snyper, T. E., 1924, p. 32. (Kalotermes, At- lantic coast, U.S.) 1924d, pp. 207-209. (Kalotermes approxt- matus, Virginia, U.S. 1924e, pp. 381-384. (Hawaii.) 1925f, pp. 32-33. (U.S.) WHOLE VOL. 1926b, pp. 1-6. (Reticulitermes, Hetero- termes, world.) 1926c, p. 2. (U.S., final revision Aug. 1939, map distribution damage by subterranean and nonsubterranean types.) 1934, in Kofoid, 2d ed., subterranean ter- mites, pp. 187-195; dry-wood termites, pp. 269-272; eastern U.S.) 1935€, pp. a I, 174-175. (General.) 1937, pp. 26-33. (Louisiana.) 1947, sn 8-13. (Subterranean termites, U.S 1947b, pp. 144-147. (U.S.) 1948, pp. 10-14, 226-230. (General.) 1949b, pp. 1-490. (World, 1,932 species cataloged. 1950a, pp. 85-93. (Eastern U.S.) 1951a, pp. 237, 250, 261. (U.S.) 1952e, pp. 23, 26. (Nonsubterranean ter- mites.) 1953, Pp. 27-28. (US.) Paia 1953e, p. 30. (US., Reticulitermes virgini- cus, Philadelphia, Pa.) 1954b, pp. 1-64. (U.S. and Canada by states and provinces.) 19552, pp. 28, 30. (U.S., termite migration northward? Snyper, T. E., and ZETEK, J., 1924, pp. 1-26. (Canal Zone and Republic of Panama.) 1934, in Koro, 1934, 2d ed., pp. 342-346. (Canal Zone and Republic of Panama.) Sorau_Er, P., Ed. 1949, pp. 353-375. (General.) oY W., 1884, pp. 1-25. (South Amer- ica. SPARRMAN, A., 1783, p. 381. (Termes capen- sis, Cape of Good Hope, South Africa.) Spencer, G. J., 1937, pp. 42-43. (British Co- lumbia. 1945, p. 21. (British Columbia, Zootermop- sis angusticollis and Reticulitermes hes- perus, former widespread in Vancouver region, on Gulf Islands and mainland as far as Powell River, is slowly increasing in city Vancouver; latter occurs along upper Fraser Valley from Lytton to Kam- loope up to 1,800-foot level on the ranges.) STRELNIKOY, J., 1920, pp. 215-226. (Paraguay; Matto Grosso, Brazil; Chiquitos, Bolivia.) Sumner, E. C., 1933, pp. 197-230. (Zooter- mopsis, North America.) Swainson, W., 1835, p. 99. Sweeney, R. C. H., 1948, pp. 164-166. (Tri- nervitermes sp. introduced from Africa to Surrey, England.) Swezey, O. H., 1914, p. 27. (Coptotermes, Kamehameha, Hawaii.) 1915, p. 64. (Coptotermes, Honolulu.) BIBLIOGRAPHY OF TERMITES: SUBJ ECTS—SNYDER 57 1928, p. 19. (Neotermes connexus, Kalo- termes immigrans, Cryptotermes piceatus, Oahu, Terr. Hawaii.) 1935, pp. 28-29. (Neotermes connexus, alti- tudinal distribution, Island of Hawaii.) 1940, p. 177. (Neotermes papua, Crypto- termes hermst, Prorhinotermes inopina- tus, Guam.) 1945, p. 387. (Nasutitermes corniger and Nasutitermes sp., introduced Hawaii.) 1954, Pp. 20, 43, 62, 93, 98, 110, 114, 118, 123,013'73) P41, 1425743; 156; 165, art; 21% (Hawaii, Neotermes connexus, Kalo- termes immuigrans, forest trees, all is- lands.) Syxes, M. L., 1900, pp. 85-91. (West Africa.) TARBINSKI, S. P. (Ed.), 1948, p. 76. (Euro- pean U.S.S.R.) TascHENBERG, E. L., 1880, pp. (Termes flavipes in Europe.) Temprock, G., 1944, pp. 149-195. (Africa.) TueEosorn, F. V., 1903, pp. 158-163. (Sudan.) Tuompson, W. L., 1933, pp. 84-87. (Neo- termes castaneus, Florida.) 1934, pp. 33-39. (Neotermes castaneus, Florida. Tittyarp, R. J., 1926, pp. 100-106. (Australia and New Zealand.) Tirettt, M. O., 1951, pp. 6-13. (Reticuli- termes, Italy, map showing distribution.) Townsenp, C. H. T., 1893*, pp. 139-141. (Termopsis angusticollis, New Mexico ( =laticeps.) TREHERNE, H. S., 184-186. 1878, pp. 74-75. (Termop- sis occidentalis, Manitoba (=angusticol- lis.) Tryon, H., 1887, pp. 119-123. (Eutermes fumipennis, Queensland.) Tucker, R. W. E., 1939, pp. 56-60. (Bar- bados, Kalotermes, Neotermes, Crypto- termes brevis, Heterotermes, Coptotermes havilandi, Nasutitermes costalis.) 1939a, pp. 132-134. (Barbados, at least 6 genera and 7 species, some new, Copto- termes havilandi introduced Asiatic spe- cies.) Tutt, J. W., 1902, pp. 232-237. Urguuart, F. A., 1953, pp. 292-293. (Ontario, Canada, distribution Reticulitermes fla- vipes, Toronto, 1938-1953.) 1954, p. 576. (Ontario, Canada, Reticuli- termes flavipes, Kincardine, Bruce Co.) Van ZwaALUWENBurG, R. H., 1952, p. 351. (Kalotermes immigrans, Canton Island.) VasirjEv, I. V., 1911, pp. 235-245. (Hodo- termes ahngerianus and H. turkestanicus Transcaspia, Turkestan.) 58 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS 1912, pp. 241-243. (Hodotermes turkestant- cus. VayssizrE, P., and Mimevr, J., 1925, pp. 89- go. (Microtermes soudanensis, French West Africa (=M. aluco.).) VESEY-FITZGERALD, D., 1941, p. 394. (Neo- termes laticollis, Coptotermes truncatus, Microcerotermes subtilis, Nasutitermes nt- gritus, Seychelles.) Vet, P. J., 1875, pp. Ixxxviii-lxxxix. (East Indian Archipelago.) Vistntin, G. M., 1939b, pp. 185-193. (Ethi- opia, Borana, Bellicositermes, Termes, Microtermes, Cubitermes.) Warren, E., 1909, pp. 113-128. (Natal.) 1909a, pp. 329-347. (Natal.) 1919, Pp. 93-112. Wasmann, E., 1896a, pp. 273-324. (Brazil.) Watson, E. B., 1948, pp. 1-2. (Toronto, On- tario, Canada. 1952, p. 1. (Toronto, Ontario, Canada, no spread.) Weate, J. P. M., 1878, pp. viii-x. (South Africa.) Weser, N. A., 1941, pp. 325-329. (Neocapri- termes angusticeps, bodkini, Nasutitermes gaigei, Convexitermes mazaruniensis, Brit- ish Guiana.) 1954, pp. 181-182. (Baghdad, Iraq, Ami- termes vilis flight, Apr. 23, 1952, 8:30- 9:00 a.m. following night shower; spar- rows captured them with difficulty; damage wood beams buildings. Micro- cerotermes diversus in date palm grove, alates May 11, 1952. Microcerotermes, n. sp. from desert. Anacanthotermes vagans from Basra, Reticulitermes lucifugus from Zubair desert.) WeppeLt, J. A., 1933, pp. 20-24. (Queens- land.) Werner, H., 1937, pp. 593-596. (Reticuli- termes flavipes introduced in wooden crates from America to Hamburg, Ger- many.) 1937a, pp. 1-2. (Reticulitermes flavipes in- troduced in wooden crates from America to Hamburg, Germany.) 1939, p. 40. (Reticulitermes flavipes intro- duced in wooden crates from America to Hamburg, Germany.) 1942, pp. 1-7. (Reticulitermes flavipes in- troduced in wooden crates from America to Hamburg, Germany.) 1951, pp. 259-265. (Reticulitermes flavipes introduced in wooden crates from Amer- ica to Hamburg, Germany, and Crypto- termes from Mexico to Hamburg.) VOL. 130 1952, pp. 829-832. (Spread of Reticulitermes flavipes in Hamburg.) 1953, Pp. 191-192. (Spread of Reticulitermes flavipes in Hamburg, and damage.) WERNER, F., 1927, pp. 135-151. (Leucotermes lucifugus, Greece.) 1941, in Kiihnelt, 1941, pp. 88-99. (Zante, Greece.) Westropp, F. G. M., 1937, p. 580. Rudolph, Rift Valley.) Weyer, F., 1931a, in Kemner, pp. 1-53. (Am- boina.) Wuirer, A., 1874, in Richardson and Gray, 1874, pp. 1-25. (New Zealand.) Wuitney, L. A., 1929, p. 222. (Reticulitermes speratus from Japan to Hawaii.) | Wiixinson, H., 1939, p. 80. (Pseudacantho- termes militaris, new for Kenya.) Witcocks, F. C., 1922, pp. 389-390. (Hodo- termes and Psammotermes, Egypt.) Witz, J. E., 1940, p. 372. (Peru.) Wiis, F. X., 1928, pp. 52-118. (Philip- pines.) 1944, pp. 93-124. (New Caledonia.) Wiis, O. L., in Kofoid, 1934, 2d ed., pp. 42-49. (Moisture and carbon dioxide gas factors in distribution Reticulitermes in USS.) Witson, H. B., 1952, pp. 471-472. (South Victoria, Australia.) Wotcort, G. N., 1921, pp. 1-14. (Puerto Rico.) 1924, pp. 1-15. (Puerto Rico, Cryptotermes brevis. 1927, pp. 153-162. (Haiti.) 1936, pp. 45-50. (Puerto Rico.) 1938, pp. 83-84. (Puerto Rico, Cryptotermes brevis.) 1939, pp. 5-26. (Cryptotermes brevis, Hetero- termes convexinotatus, H. tenuis, Nasutt- termes costalis, Puerto Rico.) 1940, pp. 375-380. (Nasutitermes costalis, Puerto Rico.) 1941, pp. 33-158. (Puerto Rico.) (1948), 1950a, pp. 62-74. (Puerto Rico.) Wo tcort, G. N., and Sem, F., JR., 1924, pp. 138-149. (Puerto Rico.) Wu, C. F., 1935, pp. 217-222. (China.) Yano, M., 1910, pp. 601-602. (Japan.) rgtoa, pp. 177-178. (Japan.) 1913, pp. 109-129. (Japan.) 1915, p. 62. (Japan, Reticulitermes speratus, Coptotermes formosanus; Formosa, Glyp- totermes satsumensis.) ZaitzEv, P., 1912, p. 360. (Abchasie, Calo- termes flavicollis.) ZAVATTARI, E., 1934, p. 222. (Lake (Libia.) WHOLE VOL. ZETEK, J., 1921, pp. 237-239. (Panama.) 1948, pp. 126-151. (List termites Panama and Canal Zone.) ZIMMERMAN, E. C., 1948, pp. 159-187. (Ha- waii.) BIBLIOGRAPHY OF TERMITES: SUBJ ECTS—-SNYDER 59 Zoccut, R., 1953, pp. 195-202. (Italy, Tus- cany, Provinces of Florence, Lucca, and Leghorn, Reticulitermes lucifugus, dam- age to books, woodwork.) EMBRYOLOGY Hormeren, N., 1909*, pp. 55-62. (Termite head.) Knower, H. McE., 1894, pp. 58-59. (Origin “nasutus” in Eutermes. 1896, pp. 86-87. (Development.) 1900, pp. 505-568. (Eutermes ripperti?) 1901, pp. 135-138. (Development genera- tive tract.) Marcus, H., 1948, pp. 97-118. (Embryogene- sis, Rhinotermes, Eutermes.) Muxerjr, D., 1945, p. 108. (Formation serosa (false amnion), Termes redemanni.) Mukerji, D., and RaycHaupuurl, S., 19444, p. 76. (Development, Termes rede- manni.) Torn, L., 1943, pp. 515-527. (Kalotermes flavicollis.) EVOLUTION Auman, M., 1950, pp. 39-86. (Phylogeny based on imago-worker mandibles.) Braver, F., 1896, pp. 279-318. (Metamorpho- sis in the sense of the descent theory.) CLEVELAND, L. R., SANvERs, E. P., and Hatt, S. R., 1931, p. 92. (Evolution termites from roaches.) Crampton, G. C., 1920b, pp. 137-145. (Ter- minal abdominal structures primitive Australian Mastotermes darwiniensis.) 1923, pp. 85-93. (Terminal abdominal structures primitive Australian Masto- termes darwiniensis, compared with those of the roach Periplaneta americana.) 1938, pp. 165-181. (Lines of descent.) Darwin, C., 1859, chap. 8. (Objection to theory of natural selection as applied to instincts; neuter and sterile insects.) 1874, pp. 553-556. (Termites and stingless honey-bees.) Desneux, J., 1904b*, pp. 278-286. logeny.) 1904d*, p. 372. (Phylogeny.) DoszHANsky, T., 1941, pp. 1-446. (Dynamics of evolution. Emerson, A. E., 1926, pp. 69-100. (Develop- ment of a soldier of Constrictotermes cavifrons from a workerlike form and its phylogenetic significance.) 1938, pp. 247-284. (Phylogeny of behavior.) 1942, pp. 151-152. (Ecology and evolution.) 1943, pp. 97-118. (Ecology, evolution, and society. 1949, in Allee et al., 1949. (Nests, p. 634; worker caenogenetic evolution soldier nymph characters, p. 635; sterile individ- uals influence evolution, p. 693; evolu- tion mutualism between termites, roaches, (Phy- and intestinal Protozoa, pp. 716-718; Nasutitermitinae, p. 727. 1951, pp. 149-160. (Nests; phylogenetic order in structure fungus gardens; in- fluenced evolution associated organisms.) 1953, pp. 101-121. (Apicotermes nests, Af- rica). 1953b, p. 39. (Evolution of social behavior as illustrated by Apicotermes.) 1954, pp. 67-85. (Dynamic homeostasis: a unifying principle in organic, social, and ethical evolution.) Feytaup, J., 1925*, pp. 161-169. (Races of Reticulitermes lucifugus?, France.) Grassi, B., and Sanpias, A., 1897, pp. 34-35. (Quote Fr. Miller, compares winged ter- mite to perfect flowers, substitute repro- ductive as self-fertilizing cleistogamic flowers, Calotermes. Hence, Termes lu- cifugus (in Sicily), perfect flowers do not produce seed, sexes swarm separately, cleistogamic flowers seed abundantly.) HanstroeM, B., 1930, pp. 732-773. (Termop- sis nevadensis brain and phylogeny cor- pora pedunculata.) Hare, L., 1937, pp. 459-486. (Phylogeny as evidenced by development soldier mandi- bles.) Hotmcren, N., 1909*, pp. 1-215. (Phylogeny based on wings, pp. 130-138.) 1910 (1911)*, pp. 196-203. (Variation in soldier Eutermes, tropical America.) 1912*, pp. 129-153. (Probable phylogenetic development.) 1913b*, pp. 5-31. (General.) JorrscHKE, H., 1914, pp. 153-280. (Faceted eyes Orthoptera and termites.) 60 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS Kirsy, H., Jr., 1947, pp. 214-228. (Flagellate and host relationships.) 1949a, pp. 57-79. (Evolution of flagellates in termites. Martynov, A. V., 1937*, pp. 83-150. (Wings and phylogeny.) Micuener, C. D., 1953, p. 3. (Roaches and termites placed in Blattaria owing to re- lationship.) MueLter, F., 1873, pp. 451-463. NeeEFs, Y., 1932, pp. 409-424. (Evolution geni- tal organs of Calotermes flavicollis.) Rau, P., 1941, pp. 256-259. (Cockroaches fore- runners. Ritzy, C. V., 1894, pp. 51-58. (Natural selec- tion cannot explain sterile castes.) Scumipt, R. S., 1955, pp. 157-181. (Africa, Apicotermes evolutionary nest-building.) Snopcrass, R. E., 1952, p. 316. (Comparison with roaches. Snyper, T. E., 1913a, pp. 162-165. (Origin soldier from workerlike form during qui- escent stage.) 1915, p. 32. (Soldiers and workers com- pared to petals and anthers Castalia.) VOL. 130 1926b, pp. 1-6. (Races in Reticulitermes.) 1926f, pp. 533-534. (Evolution frontal gland in soldier.) 1948. (Evolution castes, pp. 5-8; roaches and termites, pp. 22-23; progressive and regressive development during evolution- ary development, p. 23; ontogeny express- ing phylogeny in origin worker, pp. 38- 39; possible correlation between evolution intestinal Protozoa and host termites, THOMPSON, C. B., and Snyper, T. E., 1919, pp. 115-132. (Phylogenetic origin castes.) Tiyarp, R. J., 1936, p. 655. (Termites and — cockroaches. Wasmann, E., 1904*, pp. 370-371. (Phylogeny — and classification. 1905, pp. 436-449. (Phylogenetic metamor- phosis termitophiles.) Weser, C. E., 1954, pp. 1-72. (World, im- portance of phosphorus and other chemi- cals in evolution of termites.) Wueeter, W. M., 1904, pp. 29-37. (Phy- logeny.) 1928, pp 130-160. (Origin.) EXPERIMENTATION Avamson, A. M., 1941, pp. 411-414. (Labora- tory technique for cultures.) Aumap, M., 1952, p. 71. (Survival period Archotermopsis wroughtoni and Hetero- termes indicola after removal intestinal Protozoa.) Anorew, B. J., 1930, pp. 449-470. (Method and rate protozoan refaunation, Ter- mopsis angusticollis.) Anprew, B. J., and Licut, S. F., 1929, pp. 443-440. (“Mitotic flares” in intestinal flagellates, Termopsis angusticollis.) Anprews, E. A., 1911, pp. 193-228. (Jamaica, hostility to alien termites.) Castxe, G. B., 1934a, p. 314. (Determination caste differentiation.) Crapp, W. F., 1937, pp. 12-14. (Termite pit, Duxbury, Mass.) CreveLanp, L. R., 1925a, pp. 289-293. (Live indefinitely on diet pure cellulose.) 1925¢, pp. 309-326. (Effect oxygenation and starvation on symbiosis with intestinal Protozoa.) 1928, pp. 231-237. (Effect oxygenation and starvation on symbiosis with intestinal Protozoa.) CLEVELAND, L. R., and Burke, A. W., Jr. 1951, p. 12. (Effects temperature on oxy- gen toxicity Protozoa Cryptocercus.) Comes, S., 1912, pp. 630-638. (Effect of de- capitation, Calotermes flavicollis.) Cook, S. F., 1932, pp. 246-257. (Respiratory gas exchange, Termopsis nevadensis.) 1943, pp. 123-128. (Nonsymbiotic utiliza- tion of carbohydrates by Zootermopsis angusticollis.) Cook, S. F., and Scott, K. G., 1932, pp. 505- 512. (Relation between absorption and elimination water Termopsis angusti- collis.) 1933, pp. 95-110. (Nutritional requirements Zootermopsis angusticollis.) Crawrorp, D. L., 1928, p. 36. (X-ray on ter- mites, negative results.) DeLonge, D. M., and Keaey, R. J., 1949, pp. 114-116. (Various types culture cham- bers.) Geicy, R., and Ernst, E., 1951, pp. 414-420. (Length life increases with high hu- midity.) Guipint, G. M., 1939, pp. 207-213. (Presence of aceticolina in Calotermes flavicollts and Reticulitermes lucifugus.) 1939a, pp. 385-399. (Respiratory quotient in diverse castes R. lucifugus.) 1940, pp. 220-221. (Intestinal fauna and flora action on cellulose, R. lucifugus.) Giumovr, D., 1940a, pp. 331-342. (Anaerobic gaseous metabolism Zootermopsis neva- densts.) GRABENSBERGER, W., 1933, pp. 1-54. (Experi- mental colonies of Termes lucifugus WHOLE VOL. trained within 3 days of feeding to visit a place at certain times of the day. Vari- ous colonies trained to different hours, not only according to a rhythm of 24 hours, but 3, 22 and 27 hours as well; such rhythms persisted 6 to 9 days after experimental feeding discontinued. Tem- poral memory proved to have an en- dogenous basis, factors nonnervous in nature.) Grass, B., and Sanoias, A., 1896-1897, pp. 245-322, 1-75. (Calotermes flavicollis and Termes lucifugus, Catania, Sicily.) Grecory, J. N., 1940, pp. 310-311. (X-ray timber.) Heatu, H., 1931, pp. 431-432. (Caste develop- ment.) Huneare, R. E., 1941, pp. 467-489. (Nitrogen economy.) Kupka, E., 1948-1949, pp. 173-178. (Mortality by action strychnine lower in rats and mice treated with torutilin; in animals which died in spite of torutilin average time between Ist tetanic cramp and death longer than in controls.) Kupxa, E., and Guster, H. U., 1948-1949, pp. 403-407. (Guinea pigs after sub- cutaneous injection of a vitamin T prepa- ration more resistant to histamine.) Licut, S. F., 1944, pp. 405-412. (Partheno- genesis, Zootermopsis.) 1944a, pp. 405-454. (Ectohormonal control of development supplementary reproduc- tives, Zootermopsis.) LicuT, S. F., and Anprew, B. J., 1929, see Andrew and Light, 1929. bacar. S. Fs .andisie PL, 1945). pp. 1-40. (Development rate and extent neoteinic reproductives, Zootermopsis.) Licut, S. F., and Sanrorp, M. F., 1928, pp. 269-274. (Transfaunation.) Licut, S. F., and Weesner, F. M., 1947, pp. 131-132. (Termites dependent on fungi.) 1948, pp. 54-68. (Swarming, Arizona.) 1951, pp. 397-414. (Production of neoteinic reproductives in Zootermopsis.) Luscuer, M., 1949, pp- 158-165. (Adamson’s laboratory rearing device, Reticulitermes hesperus, lucifugus, Zootermopsis angusti- collis, Kalotermes flavicollis.) BIBLIOGRAPHY OF TERMITES: SUBJ ECTS—SNYDER 61 1949a, pp. 269-271. (Laboratory rearing technique.) 1951b, pp. 404-408. (Kalotermes flavicollis, removal of adult sexual pairs results in development of substitutes, inhibition theory.) 1953, Ppp. 74, 76, 78. (Kalotermes flavicollis, removal of adult sexual pairs results in development of substitutes, inhibition theory.) Marcus, H., 1952, pp. 24-28. (Castration by feeding larva with product of the colle- terial gland of queen.) Muxeryjl, D., and Mitra, P. K., 1949b, p. 158. (Effect of transplantation physogastric queen Odontotermes redemanni.) Ricwarp, G., 1949a, pp. 77-84. (Distribution sense organs on feet, Calotermes flavi- collis.) 1950a, pp. 65-83. (Innervation of sense organs on feet, Calotermes flavicollis.) 1951, pp. 485-603. (Reaction to light, C. flavicollis.) 1952, pp. 397-412. (Innervation of sense organs of mouth parts, C. flavicollis.) Roesster, E, S., 1932, pp. 357-368. (Nitrogen needs of growing Termopsis.) Scumipt, V. H., 1936, p. 48. (Magneto at- tached to nails in bark of tree eradicated borers.) Sxa1rE, S. H., 1954a, pp. 123-133. (Amitermes atlanticus, South Africa, food, drugs, and hormones.) Snyper, T. E., 1915, pp. 20-22. termitarium, Falls Church, Va., termes.) 1920, in (Banks and) Snyder 1920*, pp. 170- 172. (US, rearing experiments. Reticult- termes tibialis in laboratory jar.) 1920a, pp. 135-145. (US., breeding and crossing Reticulitermes in laboratory.) 1935e, p. 50. (U.S., hostility to alien ter- mites. 1948. (U.S., breeding and crossing Reticuli- termes in laboratory, different types re- productive forms, R. flavipes, pp. 68-72; effects of vibration, Reticulitermes, US., PP- 57-59, 123.) - Snyver, T. E., and Popenog, E. P., 1932, pp. 153-158. (U.S., laboratory breeding and crossing, Reticulitermes.) (Outdoor Reticuli- FIRE HAZARD ANoNYMoUs, 1936e, pp. 1-7. (Termites in re- lation to fire hazard, U.S.) Lockett, H. W., 1935-1936, pp. 3-4. (Ter- mites in relation to fire hazard, U.S.) Moraan, C. S., 1939, pp. 48-52. (Fire hazards in termite control, U.S. 62 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 130 FLIGHT ANNANDALE, N., 1923, pp. 233-251. (Barkuda, India, Termes flight for 3 miles.) (Banks, N., and) Snyper, T. E., 1920, pp. 89- 195. (U.S., swarming dates.) BeEson, C. F. C., 1941a, pp. 524-553. (India, swarming dates. Brss, H. A., 1954, p. 274. Note. (Hawaii, Honolulu, Coptotermes formosanus, heavy flight early evening May 1, 1953, in street, “kona” conditions prevailed.) Bryk, F., 1927, pp. 1-3. (Children make rhythmic noise by hammering with sticks on wood, producing sounds as of patter- ing rain to lure Odontotermes to swarm into trap, as food for natives in East Africa.) Casati, G., 1891, p. 166. (Factors influencing swarm, night, rain, etc., Equatoria.) Dietz, H. F., and Snyper, T. E., 1924, pp. 279-302. (Panama and Canal Zone, Kalo- termitidae swarm during early part rainy season, other termites also influenced by rainfall.) Emerson, A. E., in Allee et al., 1949, p. 617. (Reticulitermes in U.S.) Essic, E. O., 1926a, p. 92. (Berkeley, Calif., Reticulitermes hesperus, Termopsis an- gusticollis.) FeyTavp, J., 1915, pp. 65-68, 82-84. (Reticuli- termes lucifugus, France.) Futter, C., 1915a, pp. 329-505. (Calling atti- tude females, crawl up grass stems and violently agitate wings, Termes, South Africa.) Guicx, P. A., 1939, p. 60. (Reticulitermes virginicus collected by airplane at 3,000 feet elevation.) Grassé, P. P., 1942, pp. 347-382. (Analysis of an instinctive complex; tropisms, cen- trifugal impulses, and reflexes.) Grassi, B., and SanptAs, A., 1896-1897, pp. 246-315 (310-313); pp. 1-75. (Calotermes flavicollis and Reticulitermes lucifugus, Catania, Sicily; in latter sexes swarm separately.) Hacen, H. A., 1879, p. 118. (U.S., Massa- chusetts, T. flavipes, large swarm.) Harms, J. W., 1927, pp. 221-236. (Macro- termes gilvus, swarming not correlated with rainfall, after sunset after or during rainfall, dispersal prevents inbreeding; males 55%, females 45% of flight.) Harvey, P. A., in Kofoid, 1934, 2d ed., p. 221. (Kalotermes minor, western U.S.) Herrs, A., 1951, pp. 69-77. (Laboratory ob- servations on seasonal rhythm, number and size, sex ratio, swarms. Sex ratio constant in every nest. Colonizing not nuptial flight, for expansion.) Hincston, R. W. G., 1920, chap. 12. (In Himalaya swarming termites reach height 1,000 feet.) KatsHoven, L. G. E., 1933, p. 130. (Java, Macrotermes swarming in early morning and nest of Alcedo in Nasutitermes nest.) Latoy, L., 1904, pp. 131-132. (France.) Licut, S. F., in Kofoid, 1934, 2d ed. (US., Pp. 34-41; Coptotermes, Hawaii, pp. 327- 328.) Licut, S. F., and Wersner, F. M., 1948, pp. 54-68. (Biology Arizona termites with emphasis on swarming.) Lione, L. S., 1953, pp. 220-222. (East Java, flight later afternoon, early morning, after first rains—West, monsoon.) McKeown, K. C., 1944, rev. ed. p. 68. (Aus- tralia, Eutermes flight towers illustrated.) Muter, E. M., and Miter, D. B., 1944, pp. to1-107. (Florida, U.S., local species.) Morstatt, H., 1920a, pp. 150-152. Perez, J., 1894a, pp. 866-868. (Reticulitermes lucifugus.) Perris, E., 1876a, pp. ccxvi-ccxvii. (Emery on flight “Eutermes” flavicollis.) Petcu, T., 1917, pp. 395-397. (Ceylon, emer- gence winged Termes obscuriceps, nar- rowing of exit at midday by workers preparatory to emergence winged at 5:57 p.m.—main flight 13 min. Narrow exit usual in Ceylon mound-building species. Soldiers and workers exit to protect winged, close exit after flight. Return of dealated male and female to nest ap- parently before fertilization.) Pickens, A. L., 1952, p. 134. (U.S., Reticuli- termes, in early swarms, two sizes winged adults may emerge from young colonies.) Prutu, H. S., 1939, p. 108. (Swarming Odontotermes and Microtermes, Delhi, India.) Rirey, C. V., and Howarp, L. O., 1893, p. 35. (Swarming in houses, U.S. Rosa, J. S., 1954, p. 266. (Hawaii, Honolulu, Coptotermes formosanus, flight 10 a.m., Jan. 13, in street, overcast day.) Roruney, G. A. J., 1918, pp. Ixiv-Ixvi. (Flight at Barrackpore, India.) SmirH, W. W., 1926, pp. 83-84. (New Zea- land.) Snopeorass, R. E., 1952, p. 316. (Mechanism of flight.) WHOLE VOL. Snyper, T. E., 1915, pp. 68-69. (Leucotermes, USS.) 1916, p. 8. (Leucotermes, US.) 1920, in (Banks and) Snyder, 1920%*, 89-195. (USS. flight of Reticulitermes ae related with blooming of dogwood (Cor- nus); climb to elevations to obtain start for flight, pp. 98-ror.) 1920a. (Colonizing flight nearctic termites by day or night, Reticulitermes by day, pp. 128-130; pseudoflight by brachypter- ous reproductive forms, pp. 130-134.) 1925c¢, p. 89. (Pseudoflight by brachypter- ous reproductive forms, Reticulitermes, USS.) 1925f, Pp. 32-33- (Reticulitermes in build- ings, U.S.) 1935, PP. 235-236. (Reticulitermes in build- ings, U.S., flight warning of infestation.) 1935€, pp. 43-47. (U.S., colonizing flight by Reticulitermes.) BIBLIOGRAPHY OF TERMITES: SUBJ ECTS—SNYDER 63 1948, pp. 49-56. (U.S., colonizing flight by Reticulitermes and Syntermes, Brazil.) 1950d, p. 8. (U.S., nonsubterranean ter- mites fly by night, swarms small.) 1953a, p. 40. (US., Reticulitermes flying at night in buildings.) 1954¢g, p. 28. (US., flight chimneys, Reticu- litermes.) Snyver, T. E., and Zetex, J., 1924, pp. 13-17. (Panama and Canal Zone; fly during rainy season, pp. 4-5.) Swezey, O. H., 1939, p. 186. (Coptotermes formosanus daytime flight, Hawaii.) Tutt, J. W., 1902, pp. 232-237. (Migration and dispersal social insects.) Wess, J. E., 1952a, p. 643. (Swarming be- havior.) 1953, pp. 23-24. (Swarming behavior, Mac- rotermes nigeriensis, at dusk, first rains, simultaneous emergence from number of nests.) FOLKLORE Batt, V., 1886, pp. 330-334. (Indian animals known to early Greek authors.) Bryk, F., 1929, pp. 150-163. (Negro folklore, termites. Cosar, H. G., 1934, p. 59-61. symbol of fertility.) Dance, C. D., 1881, pp. 159-161. Guiana, native names, habits.) Dow, R. P., 1915, pp. 94-100. (In Vedas 1350 B.C. ? reference to necessity of weakening opposing armies internally “just as fine timber falls to pieces when riddled by insects” (“ghuna,” probably termites.) Esstc, E. O., 1931, p. 41. (Mohave Indian legends and myths.) Lips, J. E., 1947, p. 427. (Belief that termites are souls of men, widespread, especially in South Seas.) (Africa; queen (British Myers, J. G., 1938, pp. 7-8. (In Sudan ter- mites used as oracles, questions answered depending on whether wood placed in nest is eaten or not.) Snyper, T. E., 1935e. (According to C. Ful- ler, natives Transvaal, South Africa, ven- erate old mounds for hundreds years, p. 64; in southern U.S. Negroes place bag white ants about neck children to help cut teeth, p. 106.) 1948. ((Same as 1935¢, p. 64), p. 78; quotes Myers, used as oracles in Sudan, p. 78; (same as 1935€, p. 106), p. 117; queens eaten to invigorate old men, p. 145.) Wuirtt, W. G., 1917, p. 485. (Indian tribe Savannah region British Guiana, Pata- monas of upper Potaro; “Pata” means place, “mona,” ants’ nest.) AS FOOD ANONYMOUS, 1907, p. 26123. (Australia, food of blacks.) AurFFreT, C., and Tancuy, F., 1949, pp. 110- 112. (Food value termites, living and fried, Prov. de Pita, Guinea, based on winged, swarming adults (Dakar), con- stitute for certain races source protein, fat, and calories.) Bequaert, J., 1921, pp. 194-196. (Augmented man’s food supply in both early and re- cent times; sale baskets of dried soldier termites in native market Belgian Congo; cover nest with leaves, trap winged.) BERENSBERG, H. von P., 1907, pp. 757-762. (Natal.) BonpDENHEIMER, F. S., 1951, pp. 1-352. (Af rica, pp. 144-160; Tropical Africa, Asia, Australia, South America.) Bristowe, W. S., 1932, pp. 387-404. (Siam, winged termites caught in large numbers during swarm, roasted with salt; queen also a delicacy.) Bruss, C. T., 1946, p. 420. (Africa, Oriental Tropics; not diet of American aborigines.) Bryk, F., 1927, pp. 1-3. (Odontotermes, winged trapped, East Africa.) 64 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS Crausen, L. W., 1954, p. 151. (Bantus of South Africa eat dealated termites mixed with vegetable oil and salt and toasted.) Cosar, H. G., 1934, pp. 51-61. (Africa, abo- rigines, method capture.) CoupENHovE, H., 1922, p. 324. Cowan, T., 1865, pp. 132-137. (Historical, use nests; use as food, bibliography.) Drury, D., 1782, p. xvii. (Roast termites, Af- rica, quotes Smeathman, 1781.) Futter, C., 1918a, pp. 43-48. (Death follow- ing feast on Hodotermes.) Harper’s Famiry Lisrary, 1831, pp. 147-148. (East Indies, winged with flour made into pastry, eaten too abundantly causes fatal cholera; Africa, winged parched.) Horr, F. W., 1842, pp. 145-149. (Food to man. Kevan, D. K. McE., 1942, pp. 109-110. (Ter- mites favorite food toad-bug in laboratory rearing.) Lerroy, M. H., 1909, p. 277. (Termite queens, India, Africa, supposed to give endurance when eaten.) Lione, L. S., 1953, pp. 220-222. (East Java, winged termites trapped in pit, from tube made of banana stem from nest to funnel (banana leaf), 60 cc. one trap, steamed or roasted.) VOL. 130 Mirra, K., and Mirrra, H. C., 1945, pp. 91-96. (White ant, consumption confined to people low financial status, India.) Osmaston, H. A., 1951, pp. 80-83. (Uganda.) Ross, H. H., 1948, p. 1. (Termites eaten when other food unobtainable.) SavacE, T. S., 1849, pp. 211-221. (Tribes in West Africa roast termites.) Snyper, T. E., 1935¢, pp. 120-127. (As food, animals; quotes Fuller 1918a, queens in- vigorate old men, p. 127.) 1948. (Food man Africa, trap winged, p. 51; food, animals, pp. 139-145; (same as 1935€, Pp. 127), p. 145.) SuBRAHMANIAN, T. V., 1934, p. 498. (Methods capture, cooking, South India.) Tinon, L., 1946, pp. 865-868. (Lightly grilled termites among richest sources protein, value of roo grams being 560.52 calories; ash shows high potassium and phosphoric acid, low in sulfates; oil high acidity, not sticky, yields clear, firm soap.) Vituiers, A., 1947, pp. 239-240. (Africa, trap- ping termites for food, nest covered with framework.) Wattace, A. R., 1854, pp. 241-244. (Indians on the Amazon, Termes flavicolle.) FOSSIL 1 Borre, P. pve, 1875, p. xlii. Mons.) Coterte, J. R. F., 1936, pp. 309-348. (Nest, Belgian Congo, Pleistocene.) Forster, B., 1891, p. 103. (“Plattigen Stein- mergels,” Brunnstatt.) Futter, C., 1925a, p. 481. (Synonymy.) Geini7z, F. E., 1880, pp. 510-535. (Jura, Dob- bertin, Mecklenburg.) 1884, pp. 566-583. (Dobbertin Lias.) Germar, E. F., 1839, pp. 187-222. (Solen- hofens. 1842, pp. 79-94. (Lithograph Schiefer Bai- erns Schieferthon Steinkohlengebirges Wettin.) 1849, p. 52. (Tertiary.) GotpenserG, F., 1852, pp. 38-39. (Kohlen- formation, Saarbriicken.) Hanpirscu, A., 1939, pp. 1-240. (General.) Hassencamp, E., 1860, pp. 78-81. (Rh6n.) Heer, O., 1849a, pp. 86-88. (Radoboj.) Kuiver, M., 1886, pp. 99-115. (Saarbriicken and Wettin-Lobejiiner Steinkohlenforma- tion.) (Schists near ManevaL, H., 1936, pp. 23-27. (Calcaires oligocénes, Ronzon.) Meunrr, F., 1898, pp. 85-148. (“Temps sec- ondaires.” Pierce, W. D., 1948, pp. 136-143. (Rancho La Brea and McKittrick asphalt fields, California, U.S., pellets.) Ross, H. H., 1953, pp. 145-158. (Nearctic termites.) Scupper, S. H., 1885, pp. 319-351. (Affinities Paleozoic insects. 1886, pp. 1-128. (Systematic review fossil insects.) Snyper, T. E., 1935¢€, pp. II-I7, 20, 173. (General.) 1948, pp. 14-21, 227, 230. (General, list U.S. species, p. 230.) 1949a, pp. 164-165. (Ulmeriella latahensts, n. sp., Miocene, Washington, U.S.) 1949b, pp. 352-373, 483-490. (World list, taxonomy.) 1950b, pp. 190-193. (U.S. fossils, their liv- ing relatives and habitats.) 1 Papers cited in Snyder, T. E., 1949, “Catalog of the Termites (Isoptera) of the World,” Smith- sonian Misc. Coll., vol. 112, pp. 483-490, are not relisted. WHOLE VOL. 1953C, Pp. 40-41. (Fossil protozoan, Peru, is pellet of Cryptotermes brevis; pellets of fossil termites in Florida, and Cali- fornia.) 1955a, p. 32. (California, U.S., Parastylo- termes frazieri Sny.) 1955¢, pp. 79-80. (Parastylotermes frazieri, n. sp., from the Miocene, California, U.S.) SrrupeL (Dr.), 1896, p. xcv. (East Africa, copal, winged.) Stone, B., 1950, p. 17. (Lagena samanica BIBLIOGRAPHY OF TERMITES: SUBJECTS—SNYDER 65 Berry, Foraminifera, Upper Eocene, NW. Peru, described in 1928, included in cata- log; is termite pellet.) 1951, p. 139. (Above species described as Eocene protozoan, order Foraminifera, is fecal pellet of Cryptotermes brevis (Walker 1853).) Westwoop, J. O., 1854, pp. 388-396. (Lower Purbecks of Durdlestone Bay.) Woopwarp, H., 1892, pp. 193-198. (Lower Lias, Barrow-on-Soar, Leicestershire.) FUMIGATION ANoNYMous, 1909, pp. 1-3. (South Africa, “Universal Ant Exterminator.”) 19474, p. 18. (California, dry-wood ter- mites.) 1947e, pp. 12-13. (California, methyl bro- mide, dry-wood termites.) 1947f, p. 28. (California, rules for fumigat- ing structures, dry-wood termites.) 1950a, pp. 77-84. (South Africa, smokes; also liquid fumigants.) 1952b, p. 30. (“Duratex” tarpaulins to seal structures. ) 1953, Pp. 22-25. (Methyl bromide, U.S.) Back, E. A., 1940, pp. 365-374. (Books, WS. HCN gas in cylinders, dry-wood ter- mites. ) Drerz, H. F., and Snyper, T. E., 1924, p. 301. (Panama, hot fumes arsenic and sulfur pumped into mounds.) Du Ptessis, C., 1931a, pp. 1-7. (South Africa, termite colonies.) Eunruorn, E. M., in Kofoid, 1934, 2d ed., p. 333. (Hawaii, carbon disulfide.) Escuericu, K., 1911*, pp. 176-179. (Ceylon, poison fumes blown into mound nests.) Fryraup, J. 1920b, pp. 440-442. (France, chloropicrin, Reticulitermes lucifugus.) I9g21a, pp. 17-23. (France, chloropicrin, Reticulitermes lucifugus, buildings, 15 grams per cubic meter.) Futter, C., 1912a, pp. 345-369, 543-571. (Na- tal, South Africa, “Universal Ant Ex- terminator,” nests in ground, mixture sulfur (3 Ibs.) and arsenic (7 lbs.) heated and blown into nests.) Gunn, J. W., 1953, p. 20. (California, 3 lbs. ethylene dibromide per roo sq. ft. soil fumigation under concrete slabs.) Gunn, J. W., Smiru, H., Lorsr, Bos, Jr., and PENcILLE, C. W., 1947, pp. 8-11. (South- ern California, dry-wood termites, build- ings.) Hasster, K., 1955, pp. 14-16. (California, fumigation subterranean termites with ethylene dibromide.) toxic Hecu, E., 1922, p. 50, fig. 35. (Vapors sulfur and arsenic pumped into underground galleries Coptotermes gestroi, rubber plan- tations, Indo-Malaya.) Hopet, G. G., 1949, pp. 30, 32. (Southern California, Kalotermes minor, buildings.) Hunt, R. W., 1949, pp. 959-962. (Southern California, Kalotermes minor, buildings.) James, H. C., 1932, pp. 1-6. (Kenya, pump fumes arsenic and sulfur into nests.) Jepson, F. P., 1931a, p. 68. (Ceylon, carbon disulfide, Cyanogas, mound nests.) Latra, R., 1953, p- 30. (Instrument for meas- uring methyl bromide concentrations.) MacGrecor, W. D., 1950, pp. 14-15. (Jamaica and U.S., material and buildings, dry- wood termites.) Main, F., 1909, p. 350. (Tropics, burning sulfur blown into mound nests.) PacxarpD, H. R., Jr., 1951, pp. 9-10. fornia, dry-wood termites.) PEencitLe, C., 1947, pp. 10-12. (California, dry-wood termites, liquid hydrocyanic gas.) QuaTREFAGES, A. DE, 1853, pp. I-15. Ranpatt, M., Doopy, T. C., and WEIDEN- BAUM, B., in Kofoid, 1934, 2d ed., pp. 480- 510. Smitu, H. C., 1952, pp. 20, 28. (Safety rules in fumigation buildings in Southern Cali- fornia to control Kalotermes minor using methyl bromide.) _ Snyper, T. E., 1915, p. 79. (Exposed wood- work buildings, dry-wood termites, U.S., HCN gas.) 1916, p. 31. (Exposed woodwork buildings, dry-wood termites, U.S., HCN gas, also books, papers, exposed furniture.) 1926c, pp. 17-18. (No permanent value in control subterranean termites; HCN rec- ommended for control dry-wood termites, I2 OZ. per 1,000 cu. ft.) 1935€, Ppp. 129, 146, 150, 158. (Not effective for control subterranean termites.) (Cali- 66 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS 1947c, p. 12. (Fumigation dry-wood ter- mites, U.S. 1948. (Fumigation dry-wood termites, U.S., Pp. 159; effective in control dry-wood ter- mites, sealing, pp. 192-195; control ter- mites in mound or carton nests, Tropics, p. 208.) 1949¢, p. 24. (Reduced dosages for HCN fumigation buildings to kill dry-wood termites. ) 1950, pp. 12-14. (Details fumigation build- ings HCN and methyl bromide to kill dry-wood termites, precautions.) 1950d, p. 16. (Details fumigation buildings HCN and methyl bromide to kill dry- wood termites, precautions.) Snyper, T. E., and ZeErTeEK, J., 1924, p. 24. (Fumigation hotel Florida to kill Crypto- VOL. 130 termes brevis, 12 oz. HCN per 1,000 cu. ft., for 48 hrs.) Uicuanco, L. B., 1932, pp. 953-955. (Philip- pines, Cryptotermes, carbon disulfide. Van ZwaLuwENsuRG, R. H., 1916, p. 44. (Puerto Rico, Leucotermes is Crypto- termes.) Want, R. O., and Powe t, A. R., 1927, pp. 125-140. (Importance of nest structure in fumigation with Cyanogas, South Africa.) Wirxinson, H., 1940, p. 72. (East Africa, mound nests, calcium cyanide powder, carbon bisulfide, and “Universal white ant exterminator.”) Younc, T. R., Jr., 1955, pp. 45-46. (US., Florida, heat-exchanger for methyl bro- mide fumigation for dry-wood termites.) FUNGI, ASSOCIATION WITH ANONYMOUS, 1930a, pp. 172-173. (Ceylon, symbiotic activity between termites and cellulose-decomposing bacteria; cellulose fabrics of nutritive value to termites only when microorganisms capable of con- verting cellulose into soluble carbohy- drates had initiated destruction of the cellulose.) Barker, S. G., 1938, pp. 1221-1229. (Fabrics protected against microbiological decay will not be attacked by termites, jute rot- proofed with Cuprinol, Cawnpore, un- attacked after 84 months, cellulose ace- tate fabric in Ceylon intact after long exposure, hessian treated with Bakelite varnish also immune.) Borpijn, K. B., 1938, pp. 314-317. (Africa, Podostroma africanum (Hypocreaceae) associated with termite runs.) Bucuner, P., 1928, pp. 1-64. (Wood nutrition and symbiosis, bacteria, fungi, Protozoa.) Cirerri, R., 1935, pp. 229-246. (Termito- sphaera duthiet, p. 242, Tuberculariaceae, in nests Nasutitermes morio and Calo- termes sp., San Domingo, ambrosia fun- gus.) Creveranp, L. R., 1926, pp. 51-60. (In Termi- tidae, fungi harbored in intestines digest cellulose.) Henpee, E. C., 1933, pp. 111-134. (Associa- tion Kalotermes minor, Zootermopsts an- gusticollis, and Reticulitermes hesperus with fungi.) 19334, Pp. 212-213. 1934, p. 316. (Zootermopsis angusticollis, role of fungi in diet.) 1934a, in Kofoid, 1934, 2d ed., pp. 105-116. 1935, PP- 499-525. (Role fungi in diet Zo- otermopsis angusticollis.) Hunaate, R. E., 1936, pp. 240-249. (Zooter- mopsis, role bacteria and molds in cellu- lose decomposition.) 1940, pp. 382-392. (Nitrogen content sound and decayed coniferous wood and _ its relation to loss in weight during decay.) 1941, pp. 467-489. (Nitrogen economy, de- pendence upon fungi as food, primitive feature.) 1944, pp. 91-98. (Fungi limit growth of termites by rapid decomposition wood.) Leacn, J. G., 1940, pp. 67-74. (Insect trans- mission plant diseases.) Snyper, T. E., 1935e, pp. 80, 82-84, 101-103, 109, 119, 149. (Symbiotic role; not essen- tial to digestion.) 1948, pp. 112-114. (Not all kinds termites dependent upon fungi to break down cellulose into available forms food.) Sranrorp, E. E., 1934, p. 87. (Some forms of termites promote spread of “dry rot.”) FUNGUS CULTIVATION AnprEws, E, A., 1911, p. 200-204. (Jamaica, Eutermes ripperti, “fungus gardens” de- veloped from dry masses in nest?; stored food nodules of eaten wood bound to- gether with secretion.) BATHELLIER, J., 1923, pp. 129-131. (Eutermes matangensis? ) 1927, Pp. 322-360. (Indo-China, condi- tions in specific termitaria—favor specific fungi.) WHOLE VOL. BeEson, C. F. C., r941a, pp. 528-529. (India, Volvaria cultivated. BERKELEY, M. J., 1847, pp. 479-514. (Ceylon.) BERKELEY, M. J., and Brooms, C. E., 1870, PP. 494-567. (Ceylon.) 1871, p. 151. (Ceylon.) 1875, pp. 29-140. (Ceylon.) Bose, S. R., 1923, pp. 253-258. (Barkuda, India.) Botromtey, A. M., and Futter, C., 1921, pp. 139-144, 223. (South Africa.) Brown, W. H., 1918, pp. 223-231. (Manila and Los Banos. Bucnion, E., 19t0a, p. 129. (Ceylon.) 1913d, pp. 552-583. (Ceylon.) 1914d, pp. 532-535. (Ceylon.) Cueo, C. C., 1948, pp. 139-147. (Yunnan, China.) Cook, O. F., 1892, p. 282. Coupin, H., 1910, pp. 273-274. Crorx, ERRINGTON DE LA, IQ00, pp. 22-23. (Termes carbonarius.) Dor tein, F., 1905, pp. 140-149. 1906a, pp. 454-473. (East Asia.) 1906-1907, pp. 203-209. (Subterranean ter- mites in Ceylon.) Emerson, A. E., im Allee, 1949, pp. 713-714. Escuericu, K., 1909, pp. 16-27. Faircuitp, D. G., and Cook, O. F., 1898, pp. 659-660. (West Africa and Java.) GortscHe, W., and Grucer, R., 1942, pp. 4I- 112. (Culture and nutrition.) Grassz, P. P., 1945-1947. 1945, PP. 97-171. (Macrotermitinae.) 1947, pp. 115-146. (Termitomyces grown on ricklike structures wood paste, not tended by workers, purposeful propaga- tion by females doubtful, colonies started without conidia.) Grassé, P. P., and Herm, R., 1950, pp. 3-13. (Termitomyces on mounds of an African Ancistrotermes.) Grassg, P. P., and Norrot, C., 1952, pp. 291- 342. (Biology, Africa, Macrotermitinae.) Hacen, H., 1855-1860*, pp. 1-144, 270-325, 1-342, 73-128. Harms, J. W., 1927, pp. 221-236. (Macro- termes gilvus, mycelium Volvaria in soil ?) Havitanp, G. D., 1897-1898, pp. 667-681. 1898*, pp. 358-442. 1901, pp. 667-678. Hecu, E., 1922, pp. 261-331. Heim, R., 1938-1939, pp. 45-68. mycetes, Madagascar. 1940, pp. 410-412. (Ivory Coast in Guinea, Africa, termitophile agarics, grow in soil in direct connection with fungus heads (Basidio- BIBLIOGRAPHY OF TERMITES: SUBJ ECTS—SNYDER 67 (mycotétes) which appear on_ piles chewed up vegetable material.) 1940a, pp. 121-127. (Spherical shape conidia not due to termites.) 1941, pp. 146-148. (Termitomyces not pro- duced for food, only tolerated in cham- bers termites.) 1942, pp. 69-86. (Combs formed of fine ligneous residues, all agarics of combs are termitophilous Termitomyces eaten only occasionally by termites, inconvenient commensals, expel combs T. microcarpus as soon as there is risk of fructification or pullulation.) 1942a, pp. 107-166. (Tropical Africa, agar- ics. 1948, pp. 1488-1491. (New results in cul- tures of Termitomyces.) IQ51, Pp. 205-222. (Belgian Congo, Termu- tomyces.) 1953, Pp. 348-350. rooms. Hounz1, F. von, 1908, pp. 1-47. (Java, agar- ics, ascomycetes.) Ho tTEerMann, C., 1898, pp. 1-22. (P. 107.) 1899, pp. 411-420. (Commensalism, ter- mites and fungi, flora underground ter- mite nests, India.) 1900, pp. 194, 408-410. termites and fungi.) 1901, Pp. 27-37. Jumetre, H., and Perrier, pe La Batuie, H., 1907, pp. 1449-1451. (Madagascar.) 1907a, pp. 274-276. (Madagascar.) 1907b, pp. 30-64. (Madagascar.) KatsHoven, L. G. E., 1952b, pp. xc-xci. (Bi- ology of fungus tending termite Micro- termes.) KarawajJEw, W., 1902, pp. 298-303. (Agari- cus rajap Holt.) 1902a, Pp. 273-316, 317-327. (Java.) Knut, P., 1899, pp. 257-259. Koenie, J. G., 1779, pp. 1-28. Latoy, L., 1909, pp. 57-58. Luscuer, M., 1951a, pp. 34-35. (“Fungus gar- dens,” Termitomyces with Synacantho- termes zanzibarensis, not for food, but (Macrotermes bellicosus) to maintain high temperature (30°C.) and humidity (95%) in nest.) McCann, C., 1932, pp. 909-910. (India.) Marzatr, C. L., 1953, pp. 305-309. (Java, creamy balls tiny fungitmushrooms, in nests or “cones.”) MorsratT, H., 1922a, pp. 94-99. Mukerji, D., and Mirra, P. K., 1949, pp. 9- 27. (Calcutta, Odontotermes redemanni, cavities in mound with fungus combs (Relation to mush- (Commensalism, 68 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS Xylaria; unrepaired nests have colony killed by excessive fungus growth.) Penzic, O., and Saccarpo, P. A., 1897, p. 496. (Java, Xylaria torrubioides “in vidis Ter- mitidum” at Buitenzorg.) Percn, T., 1906, pp. 185-270. (Fungi of nests of Termes redemanni and obscuriceps, Peradeniya, Ceylon.) 1907, pp. 229-238. (Volvaria eurhiza (agaric) and Xylaria nigriceps cultivated by Termes.) 1913, pp. 303-341. (Ceylon.) 1913a, Pp. 389-393, 395-420. (Ceylon, Ex- termes monoceros. 1917, pp. 395-397. (Ceylon, Termes obscuri- ) ceps. Rant, A., 1921, pp. 170-173. (Molds of ter- mites. 1923, pp. 125-134. (Termes gilvus and Odontotermes grandiceps.) REICHENSPERGER, A., IQ92I, pp. 104-105. (Termes sp. during rainy season drags out cabbage material, fungus, and later replaces it in nest.) VOL. 130 Suarpz, C. F., 1894, pp. 228-229. (Coonoor, South India, vegetable substance deposited | on ground by termites, egglike particles become fungi.) SitvestrI, F., 1903*, p. 153. (Termes, fungi for nutrition.) Syosrept, Y., 1896*, pp. 267-280. (Termes lilljeborgi, fungus-grower (day termite) of the Cameroon.) 1900a*, pp. 1-236. (Africa.) 1903, pp. 89-101. (Africa.) 1904*, pp. 1-120. (Africa.) ey ak H., 1781, pp. 139-192. (Pp. 60- 85. Situ, E. F., 1896, pp. 319-321. Snyper, T. E., 1935¢, pp. 18, 55, 83-84. (Gen- eral.) 1948, pp. 23, 62-63, 65, 99. (General.) TrAcArpu, I., 1904*, pp. 1-47. (Sudan.) Vox, H. O., 1952, pp. 41-43. (Fungus gar- dens. Wuee.er, W. M., 1907a, pp. 802-803. (Fun- gus-growing termites of Tropics—bibli- ography.) GASEOUS ENVIRONMENT CLEVELAND, L. R., 1925a, pp. 289-293. (Ability to live on pure cellulose, fix nitrogen?) 1925¢, pp. 309-326. (Effects of oxygenation on symbiosis between Termopsis and its intestinal flagellates.) Cook, S. F., 1932, pp. 246-257. (Respiratory gas exchange in Termopsis nevadensis, able to respire normally in carbon di- oxide tension as high as 20%; evolve either H or CH,.) Cook, S. F., and Scott, K. G., 1932, pp. 505- 512. (Absorption and elimination of water, Termopsis angusticollis.) 1933, pp. 95-110. (Nutrition requirements of Zootermopsis (Termopsis) angusti- collis.) Cook, S. F., and Smiru, R. E., 1942, pp. 211- 219. (Respiratory gas exchange of Zo- otermopsis angusticollis can be differenti- ated from that of the symbiotic micro- fauna. Respiration of the termite in- creases with rising temperature between 4° and 32° C,, but metabolism of Pro- tozoa, as indicated by hydrogen produc- tion, reaches a maximum between 16° and 24°. At 4° the respiration quotient of the termite falls from a normal of 0.9 to 0.7. Starvation can produce a similar condition due to functional failure of the intestinal fauna and consequent depletion of available food.) Day, M. F., 1938, pp. 317-327. (Eutermes exitiosus, Australia, has concentration of CO, 50 times as great as that of normal atmosphere; while injurious to many ani- mals, is normal environment certain ter- mites.) Desneux, J., 1948, pp. 1-54. (Nests Apico- termes tropical Africa.) DoF Len, F., 1906-1907, pp. 203-209. Emerson, A. E., 1937a, pp. 241-248. 1938, pp. 247-284. 1949, in Allee, p. 633. (Exchange gases be- tween nest and surrounding soil neces- sary in African Apicotermes, more im- perative in moist soil.) Fyre, R. V., and Gay, E. J., 1938, pp. 1-22. (Humidity of atmosphere within mounds Eutermes exitiosus.) Guipmt, G. M., 1939a, pp. 385-399. (Respira- tion quotient different castes Reticuli- termes lucifugus.) Gitmovur, D., 1940, pp. 297-308. (Anaerobic gaseous metabolism of the roach Crypto- cercus punctulatus, intermediate between higher roaches and more primitive ter- mites.) 1940a, Ppp. 331-342. (Anaerobic gaseous metabolism of Zootermopsis nevadensis.) Grassk, P. P., 1937b, pp. 383-390. (Air (micro- climate) in termite nests rich in anhydrid carbonique.) WHOLE VOL. Grassk, P. P., and Norrot, C., 1948, pp. 735- 736. (Nests Apicotermes arquiert.) 1948b, pp. 869-871. (The climatization of the termitarium by termites and the transportation of water.) Hunaate, R. E., 1938, pp. 1-25. (Nutrition of Zootermopstis.) 1941, pp. 467-489. (Nitrogen economy, Kalotermes, Zootermopsis, and Reticuli- termes.) Petcu, T., 1906, pp. 185-270. (Ceylon.) Ricuarpson, H. B., 1929, pp. 61-125. (Respira- tory quotient.) Rogsster, E. S., 1932, pp. 357-368. (Nitrogen needs growing Termopsis.) BIBLIOGRAPHY OF TERMITES: SUBJ ECTS—SNYDER 69 Snyper, T. E., 1948, pp. 23, 73, 105. (Air conditioning.) Tanc, PerSune, 1933, pp. 260-274. (Rate oxygen consumption of tissues and lower organisms as a function of oxygen ten- sion.) Votk, H. O., 1952, pp. 41-43. (Climate foun- dation in termite nest. WituiaMs, O. L., in Kofoid, 1934, 2d ed., pp. 42-49. (Factors limiting distribution, dif- ferences in moisture requirements native termites; Reticulitermes hesperus prefers more moisture and more carbon dioxide gas than R. tibialis.) GENETICS BENKERT, J. M., 1930, pp. 1-3. (R. flavipes has 42 diploid chromosomes in macrop- terous male and male soldier.) 1933, PP. 121-122. (R. flavipes macropter- ous male has 42 diploid chromosomes, male soldier has 2 (probable) haploid chromosomes, diploid 42.) Emerson, A. E., 1945, pp. 14-19. (Population, genetics.) Grassk, P. P., 1937, p. 1677-1679. (Aberrant spermatogenesis in the Metatermitidae.) Grassé, P. P., and Bonnevite, P., 1936, pp. 1009-1010. (Abortive or atypical sperma- togenesis in Bellicositermes natalensis.) Papoa, L., 1942, im Visintin, 1941-1942, pp. 13- 17. (Blood lymph, repartition different elements, differed according to origin “larvae,” nymphs or soldiers Calotermes flavicollis, Italy.) Stevens, N. M., 1905, pp. 1-32. (In Zooter- mopsis male nymphs diploid chromo- somes number 52.) GENITALIA, EXTERNAL AND INTERNAL Anrens, W., 1934, pp. 187-195. (Accessory glands homologous to those of Blattidae and Mantidae.) 1935, PP. 223-302. (Termes redemanni fe- male genitalia.) BATHELLIER, J., 1927, Pp. 311-321. Eutermes matangensis.) BrowmaN, L. G., 1935, pp. 113-129. (Female genitalia homologized with those of fe- male roaches.) BRuNELLI, G., 1904, pp. 285, 350-356. (Ovary of social insects. 1905, pp. 121-126. (Structure of ovary.) 1g05a, pp. 718-721. (Destruction of the oocytes of the queen infested by Proto- ZOa.) 1906, pp. 55-62. (Destruction of the oocytes of the queen infested by Protozoa.) CLEMENT, G., 1953a, pp. 1095-1096. (Ana- canthotermes ochraceus, differentiation of ovocytes in testicles of neuters.) Geyer, J. W., 1950, pp. 106-107. (Oocytes and spermatozoa found in testes (? gon- ads) of reproductive castes but not in soldiers of Neotermes zuluensis.) (Castes 1951, pp. 233-325. (Hermaphrodites of Neotermes, germ cells of both sexes in same individual, reproductive organs 9 other species in 6 genera.) Grassi, B., and Sanpias, A., 1897, pp. 8-9. Hacen, H. A., 1885a, p. 211. (Ovaria Em- biidae similar to those of Termes.) Hormeren, N., 1909*, pp. 185-188. (Anat- omy. Jucct, C., 1926a, pp. 248-250. (Cell nutrition sperm. 1930, pp. 231-238. (Cell nutrition sperm.) Juccr, C., and SprincHeEtTTI, A., 1952, pp. 130- 132. (Evolution seminal vesicles.) Knower, H. McE., 1901, pp. 135-138. (De- velopment generative tract.) Marcus, H., 1953, pp. 1-16. (Illustrates geni- talia. Muetter, Fr., 1873-1875, pp. 333-340. (Geni- talia soldiers, Calotermes. Mukerji, D., and RaycHaupuurt, S., 1944, p. 76. (Reproductive organs Termes re- demanni.) Neers, Y., 1932, pp. 409-424. (Evolution ex- ternal genitalia, Calotermes flavicollis.) 70 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS Snopcrass, R. E., 1937, pp. 12-14. (Repro- ductive system termites, structure male shows group (orthopteroid) unity by the compounding of the accessory genital glands.) SPRINGHETTI, A., 1952, pp. 1-4. (Seminal vesicle in Mastotermes and Macrotermes.) 1953. (Seminal vesicle, Zootermopsis and Blattela.) SreLta, E., 1936, pp. 731-734. (Maturation gonads in Reticulitermes lucifugus.) 1939, pp. 81-85. (Behavior gonads in work- ers Reticulitermes lucifugus.) 19394, pp. 255-262. (Cytological data on the gonads of soldiers of Bellicositermes bellicosus.) VOL. 130 STELLA, E., and Guupint, G. M., 1942, pp. 825- 831. (Soldiers of Trinervitermes eldt- rensis showed ovaries with small resting oogonia, degenerative or testes with rest- ing spermatogonia, undifferentiated or no gonads, workers had no gonads in this species or in Bellicositermes, regression of gonads and evolution of sterile caste.) Weyer, F., 1930b, pp. 177-190. (Germ-glands in workers and soldiers, Calotermes, M1- crocerotermes, and Prorhinotermes, germ- glands in all castes and species; in a few male germ-glands of Calotermes soldiers and Microcerotermes workers, mature spermatozoa present.) GEOLOGIC AGENTS Apvamson, A. M., 1943, pp. 107-112. (Termite consumption plant remains accelerates formation humus; nest and runway build- ing brings soil above surface and exposes it to weathering and admixture with humus; promotes aeration, drainage. On the other hand, termites feeding in large numbers may seriously reduce amount of organic matter in soil; harvester ter- mites denude parts of African veldts causing erosion; soil surrounding large mounds may be deficient in calcium owing to accumulation calcium carbonate in mounds.) BRANNER, J. C., 1900, pp. 151-153. (Geologic agents in Tropics. IQII, p. 303. (Geologic agents in Tropics, tropical America.) 1gtta, pp. 449-496. (Geologic agents in Tropics, tropical America.) Cuevaier, A., 1949, pp. 1057-1092. (Role in soil impoverishment or improvement, tropical Africa.) Corset, A. S., 1935, pp. xiv+156. (Biological processes in tropical soils, special refer- ence to Malaysia.) Cosar, H. G., 1934, pp. 73-79. (Africa, en- riching soil. Dino, N. A., 1917, pp. 153-190. (Importance in character soil, Turkestan.) Drummonp, H., 1887, pp. 137-146. (Termite tropical analog earthworm.) 1888, pp. 123-158. (Termite tropical analog earthworm, Africa.) Eyes, F., 1927, pp. 289-297. (Salisbury Com- monage, South Africa, termite mounds one of six plant habitats.) Grassz, P. P., 1950a, pp. 549-554. (Tropical soils and termites.) Hamirton, R., 1954, pp. 153-155. (Africa.) Hume, K., 1930, pp. 356-363. (Movements of earth by termites in nest building in Africa (arid forests) are not less than those by men in thickly settled parts of Europe.) Joacuim, A. W. R., and PaNpITTESEKERA, D. G., 1948, pp. 119-129. (Crumb struc- ture and stability of local soils; termite mound earth superior in crumb content to soils from which they were derived except when latter under grass.) Katsuoven, L. G. E., 1941a, pp. 568-582. (In- fluence termites on fertility soil in Java.) 1941b, pp. 702-716. (Influence termites on fertility soil in Java, bibliography.) Kays, C. W., 1936, p. 8. (Termites vs. gov- ernment geologists, tubes in sand dunes, California.) MacGrecor, W. D., 1950, pp. 3-8. (Termites in relation to vegetation and soil fer- tility.) Murray, J. M., 1938, pp. 288-297. (Termites in relation to vegetation and soil fertility, South Africa.) Naupé, T. J., 1934, pp. 1-20. (Termites in relation to veldt destruction and erosion.) PassarcE, S., 1896, p. 350. Penp.eTon, R. L., 1941, pp. 29-53. (Analysis termite mounds in Thailand shows soils differ from local soils as to pH and oc- currence of CaCO, together with in- creased replaceable bases and organic matter (from low levels?). Physically there is a higher air dry moisture con- tent, higher pore space, more water ab- sorption, volume expansion greater. Sur- rounding soils are acid pH 4.1 to 5.8, WHOLE VOL. mounds often pH 8 or higher in lower parts. Ca content fine earth mounds higher—concretions made up 33% or 41% from base old mounds, containing 35% and 18% of CaCOs, although there are no known deposits of CaCO, avail- able to the termites. Possibly the termites concentrate the CaCO, from the plant materials and this indicates use of the mound for long periods of time. Mounds average I per acre, allow for growing of vegetation which does not do well in arid, poorly drained surrounding soil. Judicious admixtures of mound soil en- rich land, but unless widely mixed, in- fertile areas, often “gravelly,” are left due to presence of calcareous concretions.) 1942, pp. 340-344. (Soils of termite mounds in Thailand have higher fertility; higher pH, plant nutrient content, more satis- factory moisture relationships, CaCO, concentrations near base mounds, even though built from acid soils; mounds 2 to 3 m. high, 5 to 7 m. in diameter.) Prescott, U. A., and Penpteton, R. L., 1952, pp. 23, 41-48. (Laterite and laterite soils.) Ratcuirre, F. N., Gay, F. J., and Greaves, T., BIBLIOGRAPHY OF TERMITES: SUBJ ECTS—-SNYDER 71 1952, pp. 45-47. (Australia, denude grassland, reduce productivity pastures, mounds menace on aerodromes.) SEN, A., 1944, pp. 280-281. (India, soil of termites feeding on paper, wood, and cow dung particularly rich in plant-food nutrients. ) SHRIKHANDE, J. G., and Patuak, A. N., 1948, pp. 327-328. (Relation to soil fertility.) Snyper, T. E., 1915, p. 85. (Relation termites to origin of hog wallows and _ prairie mounds, references.) 1948, pp. 77-78. (Lead to soil erosion in African veldt, fertility in Thailand.) SPELLIc, F., 1924, pp. 352-354. (German East Africa, fertility soil increased.) STEEL, D., 1913, pp. 429-433. (Geologic work in Belgian Congo. Tuomas, A. S., 1943, pp. 149-177. (Uganda, termites have important soil-building functions.) TuorpP, J., 1949, pp. 185-186. (Effects of cer- tain animals that live in soils, concentra- tion calcium in mounds in Tropics by termites.) Wis, J., 1932, p. 49. (Africa, turning up large amounts soil.) HEAT, See TEMPERATURE HUMIDITY Emerson, A. E., 1938, pp. 268, 281. (Termite nest functions primarily to maintain a constant high humidity.) Emerson, A. E., in Allee et al., 1949, p. 672. (Termite nest functions primarily to maintain a constant high humidity.) brur. RV. and Gay, F. J., 1038, pp. 1-22. (Humidity of atmosphere and moisture conditions within mounds Eutermes ex- itiosus, Australia, humidity usually 95% in inner mound. Structure mound re- tains moisture produced by metabolism termites, and temperature maintained by termites and mound material prevents deposition of free water in central re- gions.) Geicy, R., and Ernst, E., 1951, pp. 414-420. (Gradual increase in length life individ- uals Kalotermes flavicollis raised under increasing humidity. R. /ucifugus and Na- sutitermes arborum? individuals showed significant increase in length life only at 70% R.H. or higher. Nasutitermes worker showed greater resistance when with soldiers than when isolated. K. flavicollis showed greatest resistance to drying. Results correlated with humidity normal habitats.) Grassé, P. P., and Norror, C., 1948b, pp. 869- 871. (Climate of the termitarium and the transportation of water; 70 to 98% relative humidity in nest.) McKeown, K. C., 1944, rev. ed., p. 67. (Aus- tralia, humidity 93 to 95% in nest.) Snyper, T. E., 1948, pp. 8, 54, 56, 76, 81, 85, 88, 106, 119, 153, 155, 160. (Need hu- midity in wood, earth, shelter tubes; hu- midity Nasutitermes in Australia at least 92% maintained because of a relatively impervious surface layer. Amount of moisture in wood directly under earth- like shelter tubes Reticulitermes in east- ern U.S. 25%, which corresponds ap- proximately to the humidity in mounds. Shelter tubes constructed when tempera- ture ranges from 80° to go® F. and rela- tive humidity ranges from 70% upward; few tubes constructed at humidities below 50%.) 72 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 130 INTRODUCED Apamson, A. M., 1938, pp. 221-223. (Copto- termes havilandi introduced into Bar- bados from Java.) Axumap, M., 1953, pp. 35-36. (Cryptotermes cyanocephalus and Coptotermes formo- sanus into Ceylon.) AnonyMous, 1864, p. 310. (Termites from Guinea introduced to St. Helena.) 1933a, p. 30. (No “invasion” eastern U.S.— Dr. T. E. Snyder.) (Banks, N., and) Snyper, T. E., 1920, p. 144. (Cryptotermes brevis from West Indies to U.S.) Brown, A. A., in Kofoid, 1934, 2d ed., p. xxi. Coptotermes formosanus in ships to Cali- fornia.) Cacuan, P., 1949, pp. 177-275. (Heterotermes philippinensis to Madagascar.) Cuaing, J., 1913, pp. 401-403. (Danger of introduction in wood and furniture.) Crark, A. F., 1938, pp. 177-179. (Calotermes insularis and Coptotermes lacteus intro- duced into New Zealand from Australia.) De MEL1o, I. F., 1952, pp. 433-445. (Crypto- termes havilandi, Africa to Brazil.) Dosson, R. J., 1918, p. 99-101. (Reticuli- termes lucifugus, Europe to vicinity Bos- ton (in reality a native species R. arenin- cola).) Enruorn, E. M., 1915, pp. 55-56. (Copto- termes to Oahu, Hawaiian Islands. 1928, pp. 4, 18. (Coptotermes and Kalo- termes to Oahu.) 1934, in Kofoid, 2d ed., pp. 321-324. (Cryp- totermes and Coptotermes probably intro- duced into Hawaii, also lists other ter- mites, intercepted at quarantine.) Emerson, A. E., 1936, pp. 410-411. (Reticuli- termes flavipes introduced into green- houses near Vienna, Austria, from the U.S. 1837; Cryptotermes dudleyi intro- duced into Panama (before 1890) from the Orient; Cryptotermes brevis intro- duced into buildings in Durban, Natal, before 1921; British Guiana 1920; Hetero- termes philippinensis into Mauritius be- fore 1933; Coptotermes formosanus prior to 1913 into Hawaii from China or For- mosa; Heterotermes tenuis from tropical America into St. Helena in 1840—this last case is probably incorrect since Sil- vestri in 1936 described this termite as a new species, perfidus; in reality platy- cephalus from Australia.) 1939, pp. 1-2. (“Coptotermes formosanus,” introduced into South Africa before 1925, is havilandt of Java; Coptotermes javanti- cus introduced into Jamaica is havilandi.) Esaki, T., 1937, pp. 344-346. (Zootermopsis angusticollis introduced from Oregon into Japan.) FEyTAvup, J., 1911, pp. 154-155. (In 1797, ter- mites present in Rochefort, in 1853 at Bordeaux, introduced.) 1924, pp. 241-244. (Both R. lucifugus and flavipes occur in France, flavipes from America, introduced into ports of Aunis and Saintonge.) 1924b, pp. 69-73. (R. flavipes to Charentes, Saintonge. Futtaway, D. T., 1926, pp. 68-88. (Copto- termes introduced into Hawaii from Japan, Cryptotermes introduced through oriental commerce about 1900.) 1929b, pp. 205, 210. (Coptotermes on Kauai.) 1931, p. 8. (Coptotermes and Cryptotermes on Lanai.) Gassigs, J. B., 1855, pp. 427-428. (Introduc- tion termites into Bordeaux, France.) Harris, W. V., 1953, pp. 13-14. (Crypto- termes brevis from America, in 1939; Heterotermes platycephalus from Aus- tralia introduced into St. Helena—latter in 1843. Previously C. brevis had been found in South Africa, Belgian Congo, Sierra Leone, and, in 1951, Nigeria.) 1954d, pp. 194-197. (Europe, introduction of termites to France, England, and Ger- many.) Harrow, K. M., 1948, p. 234. (Coptotermes nymphs introduced into New Zealand in hardwoods from Australia.) Jackson, J. R., 1874, p. xxviii. (Living ter- mites in wood, Kew Museum.) KarsHoven, L. G. E., 1935a, p. 176. (Java, termite colony on sailing freighter.) Koror, C. A., 1934, 2d ed., pp. 18-19. (Cop- totermes formosanus spread rapidly after introduced into Honolulu, infests wood- work steamships at Honolulu, might be introduced to Pacific Coast ports U.S.) Kurcuke, G. MacM., 1936, pp. 45-48. (Prob- able distribution through greenhouse plants.) Lever, R. J. A. W., 1939a, pp. 36-37. (Fiji, Calotermes-Cryptotermes brevis.) 1952, Pp. 214-217. (Singapore, Coptotermes parvulus.) Licut, S. F., 1935a*, pp. 235-256. (Origin species in Pacific islands.) 1936*, pp. 125-126. (Cryptotermes brevis WHOLE VOL. introduced in wood from Lima, Peru, to California, pseudobrevis (brevis) into South Africa.) McLacutan, R., 1869, p. xiii. (Termes tenuis? introduced into St. Helena.) 1874, pp. 15-16. (Calotermes to Kew from Zanzibar.) 1876, p. 17. (American termite (flavipes) in Vienna.) Miter, D., 1939, pp. 57-65. (Coptotermes acinaciformis and lacteus, introduced into New Zealand from Australia.) 1940-1941, pp. 333-334. (Coptotermes acina- ciformis and lacteus, introduced into New Zealand from Australia, also Copto- termes frenchi, Calotermes insularis, con- donensis (oldfieldi, var. chryseus) and Porotermes adamsoni; oldfieldi, var. chry- seus synonym of condonensis.) MouTia, A., 1936, p. 14. (Coptotermes sp. near intermedius (synonym of haviland:) introduced into Mauritius from Indo- Malaya; Heterotermes philippinensis from Philippines.) Rirzy, N. D., 1943, p. 95. (Nasutitermes costalis introduced into England from Martinique; history other termites intro- duced into England.) Saint, S. J., 1940, pp. 9-10. (Coptotermes testaceus and Nasutitermes sp. imported into Barbados in wallaba firewood from British Guiana.) SENEssE, P., 1947, PP- 30-32. termites into Roussilon.) Snyper, T. E., 1924e, pp. 381-384. (Origin termites Hawaii. 1931*, pp. 531-579. (Cryptotermes of Ha- waii had origin in China. 1952a, p. 56. (Zootermopsis angusticollis found alive in Douglas fir lumber at Philadelphia shipped from Oregon.) (Introduction BIBLIOGRAPHY OF TERMITES: SUBJ ECTS—SNYDER 73 1952e, pp. 23, 26. (Nonsubterranean ter- mites into U.S.) 1953, Pp. 27-28. (Zootermopsis from Ore- gon to eastern U.S.) 1954a, p. 47. (Zootermopsis into eastern and central western U.S.) 1954b, pp. 1-64. (Zootermopsis into eastern and central western U.S.) 1954c, pp. 33-34. (Zootermopsis into east- ern and central western U.S.) 19542, p. 28. (US., Cryptotermes brevis damage to building, Washington, D.C.) Sweeney, R. C. H., 1948, pp. 164-166. (Tri- nervitermes, minor (or small) soldiers in hay at bottom hedge at Croydon, Surrey, England, probably from Africa.) Swezey, O. H., 1945, p. 397. (Nasutitermes, corniger and sp. introduced into Hawaii.) Urounart, F. A., 1953, pp. 292-293. (Reticuli- termes flavipes to Toronto, Ontario, Can- ada, 1938, map distribution 1953.) 1934, p. 576. (Ontario, Canada, Reticuli- termes flavipes, Kincardine, Bruce Co.) Weipner, H., 1937, pp. 593-596. (R. flavipes introduced from America to Hamburg, Germany, in wooden crates.) 19374, pp. 1-2. (R. flavipes introduced from America to Hamburg, Germany, in wooden crates.) 1939, p. 40. (Infesting buildings.) 1942a, pp. 1-7. (Spread.) 1951, pp. 259-265. (Further spread, block of buildings infested.) 1952, pp. 829-832. (Spread since 1937, con- trol measures.) 1953, pp. 191-192. (Danger to structures, figures castes, except winged.) speratus intercepted in Hawaii, from Japan, from flowering Prunus sp. in bag- gage.) LEGISLATION ANonyMous, 1936a, pp. 6-7. (California pest control act.) 1936c, p. 10. (Minimum termite repair and treatment standards, U.S., California.) 1940b, pp. 1-16. (Termites Act, 1940, New Zealand, Regulations, 1940/320, 1942/288, require inspection and control by state; fine for noncompliance.) 1949a, pp. 1-16. (California termite opera- tors minimum standards for inspections and recommendations.) 1950a, pp. 212-218, Appendixes I, II. (South Africa, no bark on lumber, or insect in- festation; no sale or use timber infested with Cryptotermes brevis unless treated with wood preservative; 20 pounds fine.) 1953¢, p. 38. (Insecticide act, U.S. Dept. Agriculture, effective Jan. 19, 1953, estab- lishes method for renewal, clarifies pro- visions relating to permits for economic poisons for experimental work.) 1953h, pp. 28, 30, 56. (Arkansas, Florida, California, and Oklahoma pest control operators favor legislation.) Bowg, E. E., in Kofoid, 1934, 2d ed., pp. 743- 745. (Municipal laws.) CHAMBERLIN, W. J., 1949, pp. 23-25. (US., State legislation.) 74 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS Crark, A. F., (1941) 1942, pp. 23-32. (New Zealand, legislation.) 1942, pp. 23-32. (New Zealand, legislation, State inspection, building termite-proof, prohibit sale infestesd timber, free chemi- cal control, control mandatory.) CreEIcGHTON, J. T., 1947, pp. 36, 38, 40. (Flor- ida, structural pest control law. Harrow, K. M., 1942, pp. 47B-52B. (New Zealand, State inspection, poison-dust treatment.) Hasster, K., and Mesecuer, R., 1949, pp. 16, 18. (Why California code of minimum standards was established.) Hunt, P. J., 1950, pp. 13-16. (Violations Florida pest control law.) Jacosson, W. C., and Brown, A. C., in Kofoid, 1934, 2d ed., pp. 746-750. (US., State laws.) MacGrecor, W. D., 1950, pp. 10-11. (South Africa, use of chemically treated soft- woods enforced.) VOL. 130 Snyper, T. E., in Kofoid, 1934, 2d ed., pp. 751-752. (Federal quarantine laws.) | 1935e. (Formosa, Japanese government pro- hibited use lime mortar in foundations buildings, p. 93; municipal legislation, p. 137; California, legislation, p. 139; Canal Zone, Panama legislation, p. 149; Cuba legislation, p. 150; Florida, legisla- tion, p. 150.) 1948. (Lime mortar prohibited in founda- tions, Formosa, p. 153; city building codes, pp. 177-179; uniform building code, Pacific Coast, Honolulu, Hawaii, p. 179; State license for commercial op- erators California, Louisiana, Mississippi, Arkansas, and Alabama, p. 181; New Zealand Termites Act, inspection and control by State, breach regulations sub- ject to fine, p. 181; Canal Zone, Pasadena, Calif., Honolulu, and Miami, Fla., pre- vent transportation and reuse infested lumber, p. 189; Havana, Cuba, wooden flooring in buildings prohibited, p. 189.) USES IN MEDICINE Berensserc, H. v.P., 1907, pp. 757-762. (Af- rica.) Brooks, R., 1763, pp. 271-272. (Properties and uses “wood lice” in medicine.) CiEGHoRN, J., 1890, p. 528. (Mohammedans in Orissa, India, swallow queens alive for medicinal purposes.) Snyper, T. E., 1948, p. 78. (In Puerto Rico, carton nests are burned and fumes in- haled for chest ailments; termites boiled in water and broth drunk.) MICROPHONES ANONYMOUS, I9IIa, pp. 853-855. (Hunting for ants with a telephone.) Barton, R. C., in Kofoid, 1934, 2d ed., pp. 711-714. (Audioamplifying apparatus.) Brain, C. K., 1924, pp. 45-47. (Discovery in South Africa of the adaptation certain radio principles and use of microphone, presence insects boring in wood may be determined.) Emerson, A. E., 1929a, pp. 725-726. (Ap- paratus for detection substratum com- munication among termites.) Emerson, A. E., and Simpson, R. C., 19209, pp. 648-649. (Apparatus for detection substratum communication among ter- mites.) Escuericu, K., 1911*, pp. 176-179. (Use mi- crophone in Ceylon for detecting termites at great depth in earth and in infested houses.) Mary, F., 1909, p. 350. (Telephone apparatus for detecting termites, up to distance 5 to 6 m., mounds in Tropics.) Pence, R. J., 1954, pp. 27, 30. (U.S., portable listening device for detecting dry-wood termites.) Pence, R. J., Macasin, S. J., and Norpsere, R. G., 1954, p. 5. (U.S., electronic device developed as aid in locating insects—dry- wood termites—destructive to timber and wood products in the laboratory.) Snyper, T. E., 1935e, pp. 159-160. (Field microphone not successful in detecting termites in US. tests.) 1948, p. 203. (Use of microphone in field not successful.) 1952d, pp. 33-34. (History of use of stetho- scopes, geophones, and microphones; field apparatus unsatisfactory.) WHOLE VOL. BIBLIOGRAPHY OF TERMITES: SUBJ ECTS—SNYDER 75 MOISTURE Dunmore, L. A., Jr., and Corutns, M. S., 1951, p. 513. (Caste differences in tolera- tion of drying in Reticulitermes flavipes.) Fyre, R. V., and Gay, E. J., 1938, pp. 1-22. (Structure mound Eutermes exitiosus Australia retains moisture produced by metabolism termites, temperature and mound material prevent deposition water in central regions.) Geicy, R., and Ernst, E., 1951, pp. 414-420. (Resistance to drying different genera termites, high humidity increases length life individuals; see Humidity.) Grass£, P. P., and Norrot, C., 1948b, pp. 869- 871. (Transportation water in termi- tarium and climate therein.) Mukerji, D., and Mirra, P. K., 1949, pp. 9-27. (Calcutta, Odontotermes redemanni, moisture varies little in mound.) Snyper, T. E., 1948, p. 76. (Amount moisture in wood directly under shelter tubes Re- ticulitermes in eastern U.S. 25%.) STRICKLAND, M., 1950, pp. 373-385. (Reticuli- termes tibialis more resistant to drying than flavipes or arenincola, latter the least tolerant to drying.) Wiuias, O. L., in Kofoid, 1934, 2d ed., p. 48. (Reticulitermes hesperus requires more soil moisture than zdzalis.) MORPHOLOGY Aumap, M., 1950, pp. 39-86. (Phylogeny termite genera based on imago-worker mandibles.) Aurens, W., 1930, pp. 449-530. (Body articu- lation, skin and tracheae of the termite king.) 1932, pp. 516-534. (Relation between karyo- plasma, zytoplasma, and deutoplasma in Termes redemannti.) 1934, pp. 187-195. (Accessory genital glands homologous to those of Blattidae and Mantidae.) 1935, Pp. 223-302. (Female genitalia Termes redemanni. 1935a, pp. 467-500. (Development of the “corpus luteum,” 7. redemanni, 3 empty egg follicles degenerate and bring next ripe egg close to ovariole pedicel.) ANoNYMous, 1950c, p. 16. (Difference be- tween ants and termites.) Bascu, S., 1865, pp. 56-75. (Skeleton and muscles of the head, Termes flavipes.) Bonnevitte, P. P., 1936, pp. 1-127. (Micro- scopic anatomy African termite.) 1936a, pp. 230-243. (Origin royal adipose tissue. Browman, L. G., 1935, pp. 113-129. (Chitin- ous structures in posterior abdominal seg- ments certain female termites; female genitalia homologized with those of roaches, agree except Hodotermitidae.) BruNELLI, G., 1905, pp. 121-126. (Structure of the ovary.) 1905a, pp. 718-721. (Destruction of oocytes of queen infested by Protozoa.) 1906, pp. 55-62. (Destruction of oocytes of queen infested by Protozoa.) Buenion, E., 1913e, pp. 165-172. (Indication of number segments antennae 3 castes Indo-Malayan termites.) 1914a, pp. 351-364. (Mouthparts of Eu- termes, Ceylon. Buenion, E., and Ferriére, C., 1911a, Taxon- omy, pp. 97-106. (Coptotermes=Pro- rhinotermes flavus larvae with rudiments of prothoracic wings, dry up and fall off.) Buenion, E., and Poporr, N., 1912, pp. 210- 232. (Anatomy king and queen Termes redemanni, obscuriceps and horni.) Buenion, E., Poporr, N., and Ferrrizre, C., 19II, pp. 86-96. (Termes ceylonicus.) Cuervinsky, K. K., 1897, pp. 241-245. (Anat- omy.) 1897a, pp. 199-202. (Frontal gland, ganglia sympathetic nerves.) 1898, pp. 31-48. (Frontal gland, ganglia sympathetic nerves.) Cuirp, H. J., 2 Kofoid, 1934, 2d ed., pp. 58- 88. (Internal anatomy.) Cuoparp, L., 1947, pp. 95-99. (External morphology R. lucifugus and Calotermes flavicollis.) Cottins, M. S., 1951, p. 477. (Variations in the fat body, R. flavipes.) Crampton, G. C., 1920a, p. 98. (Affinities anatomy Zorotypus and termites.) 1920b, pp. 137-145. (Terminal abdominal structures of Mastotermes darwiniensis, Australia.) 1921b, pp. 69, 77, 93-94. (Sclerites of head and mouthparts Mastotermes.) DELAMARE-DEBOUTTEVILLE, C., 1947, Pp. 145- 154. (Comparison morphology adult ap- terous and winged Zoraptera with ter- 76 mites, same origin, Zoraptera living fossils.) 1948, pp. 599-601. (Morphology thorax Zoraptera, comparison termites.) 1948b, pp. 347-352. (Ecology and ethology Zoraptera and relation to termites.) 1952, pp. 147-150. (Sternites compared with those of other Blattopteroids.) Denis, R., in Grassé, 1949, PPp- 544-555. (Zo- raptera related to termites in structure.) Durour, L., 1841, pp. 608-609. (Anatomy Termes lucifugus.) 1849, in Joly, 1949, pp. 1-37- (Anatomy queen T. lucifugus.) ENDERLEIN, G., 1903*, Pp. 423-437. Feytaup, J., 1908, pp. 474-476. (Ventricle chyliferous.) 1912, pp. 481-607. (Reticulitermes lucifu- gus. Futter, C., 1919*, pp. 19-102. (Wing vena- tion and respiratory system South African termites. ) 1920*, pp. 235-295. (Post-embryonic de- velopment of the antennae of termites.) 1924, pp. 49-78. (Thorax and abdomen of winged termites. Guiwint, G. M., and Morice, M., 1939, pp- 345-353. (Pericardial concretion.) Grassz, P. P., 1938*, pp. 291-295. morphism soldiers Calotermitidae.) Grassé, P. P., and Bonnevitte, P., 1935, pp- 289-291. (Nonutilized sexed, Protermi- tidae.) 19354, PP. 474-491. Protermitidae.) Grassi, B., and Sanp1as, A., 1896, pp. 271-273. (Italian species.) Hacen, H., 1885a, p. 219. (Comparison winged Embiidae with Calotermes.) Hanstr6M, B., 1930, pp. 732-773. (The brain of Termopsis nevadensis and Phyllinm pulchrifolium and the phylogeny of the corpora pedunculata.) Hare, L., 1931, pp. 593-607. (Polymorphism among the subgenera of Nasutitermes.) 1937, pp. 459-486. (Phylogeny as evidenced by soldier mandible development.) Hormeren, N., 1909*, pp. 1-215. (Compara- tive anatomy.) Home, E., 1814, pp. 378-384. organs.) Hupson, G. B., 1947, pp. 99-110. (Compara- tive anatomy tentorium.) Hume, R., 1955, p. 128. (Molecular orienta- tion in wings.) Imms, A. D., 1919, pp. 75-180. Archotermopsis.) (Poly- (Nonutilized sexed, (Digestive (Structure SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 130 Jacos, J. K., 1937, pp. 25-29. (Digestive tract Zootermopsis, Reticulitermes.) JorscuKe, H., 1914, pp. 215-254. (Faceted eyes termites.) Jory, N., 1849, pp. 1-37. (Anatomy.) Jorc, M. E., 1933, pp. 93-102. (Histophysio-— logical considerations on the eyes of Polybia scuttelaris and Eutermes sp.) Juccr, C., 1921a, pp. 213-215. (Presence of deposits of uratics (“uratici”) in the fatty tissue.) 1932, Ppp. 1422-1429. (Presence of bacterio- cytes (“batteriociti”) in the fatty tissue.) Juccr, C., and Buya, B. M., 1930. (Adipose tissue Termopsis angusticollis.) Jupp, W. W., 1948, pp. 93-161. (Comparative study proventriculus orthopteroid insects.) Knicut, P., 1928, p. 198. (Head capsule soldier termite.) Knower, H. McE., 1894, pp. 58-59. (Origin of nasutus of Eutermes.) 1896, pp. 86-87. (Development of Eutermes (rippertii?).) 1900, pp. 505-508. termes (rippertit?). IQOT, pp. 135-138. (Development of genera- tive tract.) Korscuett, E., and Hemper, K., 1899, pp. 393- 394. (Prothoracic wing rudiments larvae Calotermes rugosus.) Licut, S. F., in Kofoid, 1934, 2d ed., pp. 50- 57. (External anatomy.) Marcus, H., 1944, pp. 259-284, 307-320, 441- 445. (Comparison articulation of mandi- bles in ants and termites.) 1947, pp. 39-44. (Eutermes, nasutes only, with stridulating organs, Bolivia.) (1947) 10948, pp. 97-118. (P. 105, embryo- genesis, Rhinotermes and Eutermes.) 1949, pp. 44-51. (Post antennal organ.) 1953, pp. 1-16. (Chordotonal and equilib- rium organs, Anoplotermes and Nasutt- termes; in Nasutitermes chaquimayensis excrescence of trachea increases number of wing vibrations, Bolivia.) Mitter, E. M., 1949a, pp. 24-31. (Anatomy, physiology.) Monvtatentl, G., 1928, pp. 113-125. (Hypo- dermis and adipose tissue in termite sol- diers and larvae, Calotermes flavicollis.) 1932, pp. 859-864. (Calotermes flavicollis, histology, gut.) Mutter, Fr., 1873-1875, pp. 241-264. (Larva Calotermes rugosts.) Muxerji, D., 1945, p. 108. (Formation of serosa (false amnion) in Termes rede. manni.) (Embryology of Eu- WHOLE VOL. Mukerji, D., and RaycHaupuurt, S., 1942, pp. 173-199. (Structure, function, and origin of exudate organs in the abdo- men of physogastric queen Termes rede- mannti.) 1943, pp. 59-88. (Anatomy alimentary sys- tem 7. redemanni.) 1943a, p. 166. (Comparative anatomy di- gestive system various phases T. rede- manni and biological importance diges- tive system.) 1943b, p. 167. (Structure, function, and origin of exudate organs in mature de- alated queen Termes redemanni and their bearing on postadult growth of queen.) 1944, pp. 75-76. (Structure reproductive organs JT. redemanni.) 1944a, p. 76. (Embryonic development Termes redemanni.) NeeFs, Y., 1932, pp. 409-424. (Evolution genital apparatus Calotermes flavicollis.) Nessitt, H. H. J., 1941, pp. 51-81. (Compara- tive morphological study nervous system Orthoptera, etc. Termopsis angusticollis included.) Nicuots, E. R., 1931, pp. 1-2. (Attempt to classify species of termites from mandi- bles workers and nymphs.) Packarp, A. S., 1889a, p. 222-223. (Structure epipharynx Eutermes ripperti.) PFLUGFELDER, O., 1938, pp. 451-467. (Growth of nucleus in corpora allata Termes re- demanni and Microcerotermes amboin- ensis.) Pratania, E., 1936, pp. 41-43. (Nature of peritrophic membrane in R. /ucifugus.) 1938, pp. 297-328. (Nature, origin, and function peritrophic membrane and struc- ture of digestive tube R. lucifugus.) Ricrarp, G., 1949, pp. 49-52. (Tracheal sys- tem prothoracic leg 7th instar nymph Calotermes flavicollis.) 1954, pp. 177-188. (Tracheal system and nerves of thorax imago Calotermes flavi- collis; anatomy compared to other Blat- topteroids.) Rosen, K. von, 1913a, pp. 625-664. (Studies of the eyes and brain, primitive complex eyes and their arresting—in consequence of the living of the imagos in the dark nest.) SitvestRI, F., 1902b, pp. 619-620, (So-called microthorax.) BIBLIOGRAPHY OF TERMITES: SUBJ ECTS—-SNYDER a Snopcrass, R. E., 1910, p. 60. (Absence of postnotal plates, and appearance of each coxa being doubled, separate Isoptera from Corrodentia.) 1952, p. 316. (Comparison with roaches.) Snyper, T. E., 1919, pp. 97-104. (Structural modifications nearctic termites, significant adaptations to their environment.) 1926a*, p. 13. (Rugosities on dorsal meso- notum nymph Calcaritermes.) 1948, p. 9. (Difference between ants and termites. ) SUTHERLAND, J. L., 1934, pp. 1-13. (Histology alimentary canal in Australian termites, comparison of structure in different fam- ilies.) Tuompson, C. B., 1916, pp. 553-603. (Brain and frontal gland castes of Leucotermes flavipes. Very little differentiation be- tween brains of castes, none between sexes; most marked difference being in optic apparatus, etc. Frontal gland may have arisen phylogenetically from ances- tral median ocellus, now lacking, etc.; “nymph” is any development stage whether with wing pads or not.) Tittyarp, R. J., 1931*, pp. 371-390. (Wing venation Isoptera, family Masotermitidae.) Water, E. M., 1919, pp. 267-316. (Terminal abdominal structure Orthoptera, phylog- eny termites included.) 1922, pp. 1-88. (Terminal abdominal struc- ture Orthoptera, phylogeny termites and Zoraptera included.) Wever, Fr., 1930b, pp. 177-190. (Study of germinal glands, workers and soldiers.) 1935, pp. 648-672. (Regeneration of epithe- lial tissue in midgut Mucrocerotermes amboinensis, Glyptotermes luteus, Eu- termes amboinensis, and Macrotermes gilvus.) 1936, pp. 157-163. (Regeneration of epi- thelial tissue in midgut Microcerotermes amboinensis, Glyptotermes luteus, Eu- termes amboinensis, and Macrotermes gilvus.) WiccteswortH, V. B., 1930, pp. 593-616. (Formation peritrophic membrane, in Isoptera, analogous structures—a zone of secreting cells in connection with an an- nular press.) NESTS AseL, O., 1933*, pp. 38-39. (Fossil termite nest, Lower Pliocene, Wiener Beckens.) ANNANDALE, N., 1924, pp. 25-35. (Mound nests, India.) Anonymous, 1899. (Northern Australia.) 1907, p. 26123. (Australia, mounds 20 feet high.) 1912a, p. 229. (Africa, ant architects.) 7 8 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS 1938, p. 17. (East Africa, lime carbonate in termite mound.) 1950a, pp. 1-95. (South Africa, fungus- growing mound builders.) 1952C, pp. 14-15, 29. (South Africa.) Bastin, H., 1916, pp. 691-696. (Mound nests.) BaTHELLIER, J., 1923, pp. 403-409. (Nest of Eutermes matangensis with nest of Micro- termes.) 1923b, pp. 430-431. (Nests of Eutermes.) Baumann, E., 1882, pp. 419-424. (Chemical analysis fragment nest from Australia.) Berson, C. F. C., 1941a, pp. 524-553. (India, classification and figures nests, diffuse or concentrated.) Bequaert, J., 1930, pp. 797-1001. (Termitar- ium Macrotermes natalensis figured and described, Africa.) BERLAND, L., 1951, pp. 22-23. (Nests of Apico- termes, Africa.) BERNou, W., 1945, pp. 170-171, fig. 1. (Nest Microtermes from Sumatra.) Branner, J. C., 1910, pp. 24-25. (Luminosity or phosphorescence of termite nests in Brazil.) 1g10a, p. 342. (Luminosity or phosphores- cence of termite nests in Brazil.) Bucuuo1z, R., 1876, pp. Xv-xviii. Buenion, E., 1923, p. 432. (Eutermes.) Carvew, D., 1934, p. 720. (Carton nest from railway carriage, India.) Coaton, W. G. H., 1947, pp. 130-177. (Keys based on nesting habit, South Africa.) 1948, pp. 1-19. (Nests in relation to control in veldt.) 1948d, pp. 1-38. (Nests in relation to con- trol in veldt.) 1949a, pp. 1-89. (Subterranean termites in buildings and nests in relation to con- trol.) 1950, pp. 1-28. (Nests in relation to control in cultivated areas.) Corette, J. R. F., 1936, pp. 309-348. (Nest from Upper Pleistocene, Stanley-Pool, Belgian Congo.) Cosar, H. G., 1934, pp. 1-86. (Correlation different types nests with vegetation, pls. 1-2, Africa.) Cosra-Lima, A. pA, 1936, pp. 10-17. (Termi- taria of various Brazilian termites.) Cowan, T., 1865, pp. 132-137. (Uses of nests.) Deoras, P. J., 1949, pp. 445-446. (Mound- forming termites and their control.) DesneEux, J. 1918*, pp. 298-312. (New type of nests, Africa, Apicotermes.) 1948, pp. 1-54. (Subterranean nest of Apico- termes in tropical Africa.) VOL. 130 1953, pp. 1-123. (Africa, phylogeny Apico- termes. 1953a, Pp. 393-396. Apicotermes.) 1954, pp. 346-347. (Belg. Congo, subter- ranean nests Anoplotermes.) Dietz, H. F., and Snyper, T. E., 1923, pp. 279-302. (Tree and mound nests, Pan- ama.) Doang, R. W., 1924, pp. 98-100. (Turret- building, Reticulitermes hesperus.) Downes, H., 1836, p. ii. (Nest from Fer- nando Po.) Duprey, P. H., and Beaumont, J., 1890*, pp. 148, 176. (Nest Termes columnaris Pan- ama is Amuitermes foreli.) 1890a*, p. 109. (Termes columnaris is A. foreli.) Exner, R., 1926, in Sjostedt, 1926d, pp. 71-76. (Termite nests, Anglo-Egyptian Sudan.) Enruorn, E. M., 1934, p. 360. (Coptotermes formosanus, aerial nest built at edge water tank in attic, Honolulu.) 1934, in Kofoid, 2d ed., p. 327. (Hawaii.) Emerson, A. E., 1923, p. 160. (Ecological relations.) 1928*, pp. 401-574. (Belgian Congo, Cam- eroon. 1937, p. 56. (Study phylogeny, behavior.) 1937a, pp. 241-248. (Architecture.) 1937b, pp. 249-254. (Social organization.) 1938, pp. 247-284. (Nesting habits various families. 1949, in Allee et al., pp. 1333 422; 425-426; 428-429 (Amitermes meridionalis, Aus- tralia; pp. 633-634, Apicotermes, Africa, moisture and gas exchange; pp. 645-646, Constrictotermes cavifrons, British Gui- ana; pp. 669, 718-721, 722.) 1952a, pp. 333-354. (Apicotermes, Africa.) 1952b, pp. 488, 509. (Procornitermes and Cornitermes, tropical America.) Emerson, A. E., and Fisu, E., 1937, pp. 1-127. (Nests, a termite city. Escuericu, K., 1909d, pp. 234-239. IQII*, pp. Xxxli-+262. (Ceylon.) IQI2, pp. 211-213. (Art of nest building.) Feytaup, J., 1921, pp. 1-135. (Lucifugus, France.) 1949b, pp. 287-289. (Subterranean cities, Tropics.) 1951a, pp. 562-564. (Subterranean cities, Tropics.) 1953, pp. 1-158. (General.) Fonseca, J. Pinto pa, 1950, pp. 57-84. (Sao Paulo, Brazil, Syntermes molestus convex cells, 2 in. high, 4 in. wide, deep in soil, interconnected. ) (Africa, phylogeny WHOLE VOL. Fritscu, G., 1867, pp. 254-259. (South Africa, nest construction.) Froccatt, W. W., 1903, pp. 726-730. (Aus- tralia, white ant city, nests at Port Dar- win, North Australia, 18 to 20 ft. high.) Futter, C., 1912a, pp. 345-369, 543-571. (South Africa, Natal.) EvEE, h-\ V.,' and: Gay, F. ‘J.,'1938, pp. 1-22. (Mounds Eutermes exitiosus, Australia.) Gay, F. J., and Greaves, T., 1940, pp. 145-149. (Mound Coptotermes lacteus, Australia.) GHESQUIERE, J., 1927, p. 59. (Nest of Apico- termes angustatus, Africa.) Guipin}, G. M., 1938c, pp. 261-267. (Presum- able function of spongy lignin in nests Metatermitidae.) Grasst, P. P., 1937*, pp. 71-73. (Large mounds with chimneys, Bellicositermes jeanneli (Macrotermes) Africa.) 1938a, pp. 195-196. (False nests on branches, Ivory Coast, Anoplotermes?) 1939a, pp. 370-396. (Construction nest by specialized (higher) termites.) 1945-1947, PP. 97-171, 115-146. (Nests of fungus growers (Macrotermitinae.) Grassé, P. P., and Jory, P., 1941, pp. 57-62. (Amitermes nests outer walls of nearly pure earth, larval chambers show 45.6% organic matter. Nests Cubitermes and Bellicositermes of nearly pure earth.) GrassE, P. P., and Norror, C., 1949, pp. 149- 166. (Nest of Sphaerotermes sphaero- thorax, manure heaps without fungi.) 1949a, pp. 727-730. (Large mounds of Equatorial Africa. 1955, Pp- 345-388. (Africa. Apicotermes arquiert.) GrirFitH, G., 1938, pp. 70-71. (Analysis of soil mounds in different parts Uganda, agricultural value mounds.) Hacen, H. A., 1855*, pp. 1-144. (World.) Hacen, W. von, 1937-1938, pp. 46, 39-40. (Nasutitermes.) 1942, pp. 489-498, 29-41. (Tropical Amer- ica. 1945, pp. 36-40. (Termite—master archi- rect, Hamirton, R., 1954, pp. 153-155. (Africa.) Hartine, P., 1874, pp. 57-58. Hecu, E., 1922, pp. 1-756, especially 373-529. (World.) Hemprin, A., 1894, pp. 301-302. (Tree nests (Nasutitermes), Yucatan.) Hessg, R., Attrg, W. C., and Scumunt, K. P., 1937. (Nests in open lands, compass nests, Port Darwin, Australia, p. 446, fig. 119; nests 9 m. in height, Africa, p. 460.) BIBLIOGRAPHY OF TERMITES: SUBJ ECTS—SNYDER 79 Hm, G., 1942*, pp. 1-479. (Australian re- gion, including Papuan.) Horpaway, F. G., 1933, pp. 160-165. (Com- position different regions mounds Eu- termes exitiosus, Australia.) 1935, PP. 34-35. (Laboratory colonies Eu- termes exitiosus for controlled timber testing, Australia.) Horpaway, F. G., Gay, F. J., and Greaves, T., 1935, Ppp. 42-46. (Population mound Eux- termes exitiosus, Australia.) Hussarp, H. G., 1877, pp. 267-274. (Nasuti- termes tree nests in Jamaica.) Hunt, E. H., 1910, pp. 196-197, 268-269. (Termes carbonarius, 6 ft. high, Kuala Lumpur.) Hunt, G. M., and Snyper, T. E., 1930, pp. 318-334. (Mounds used in wood pre- servative tests (field), Australia.) 1952, pp. 314-327. (Mounds used in wood preservative tests (field), Australia.) THERING, H. von, 1894, pp. 246-252. (Nests of clay.) Jack, R. L., 1897, pp. 99-100. (“Meridional anthills” of Cape York Peninsula, Aus- tralia.) Jepson, F. P., 1931a, pp. 67-69. (Destruction of mounds, Ceylon.) Joun, O., 1925*, pp. 360-419. (Ceylon, Malay Peninsula, Sumatra, Java, Aru Islands.) Katsuoven, L. G. E., 1941, pp. 30-34. (Plan and extension of underground galleries Coptotermes javanicus and Macrotermes gilvus.) 1954, pp. 319-323. (Java, Macrotermes gil- vus primary mound builder, can live without wood, on grass.) 1954a, pp. 325-330. (Java, Odontotermes spp. build mounds as well as subterranean nests.) Karawajew, W., 1909, pp. 157-162. (Nests central Asian termites Anacanthotermes.) Kemner, N. A., 1929, pp. 1097-1117. (Java.) 1934*, pp. 1-241. (Java, Celebes.) Kent, W. S., 1897a, pp. 81-82. (Remarkable mounds, Australia.) Kevan, D. K. McE., 1953, pp. 166-167. (SE. Ethiopia, giant termitarium Macrotermes sp.? 30 ft. high.) Knas, F., 1895, pp. 15-16. (Luminous mounds, Lower Amazon.) 1909, pp. 474-475. (Luminous mounds, Lower Amazon, Santarem.) Koztova, A. V., 1951, pp. 626-631. (Accumu- lation nitrates in mounds, Turkmenia.) Kutter, H., 1943, pp. 66-70. (Nest Bellicosi- termes bellicosus (Macrotermes), Africa.) 80 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS Le Cog, R., and Estrenne, Y., 1928, pp. 97- 104. (Indo-China.) Le Sorur, D., 1894, p. 25. (Nests meridional termite, Bloomfield River, Australia.) Licut, S. F., in Kofoid, 1934, 2d ed. (Hawaii, p. 327; Philippines, pp. 117-118, 136-149, 349-350.) Licut, S. F., and Wirson, F. J., 1936, pp. 461- 520. (Nasute termites, Philippines.) LitcHFiELp, J. S., 1948, pp. 38, 40. (Hami- termes meridionalis, magnetic nests Northern Terr., Australia.) Luyja, M., 1919, p. 178. (Congo.) MacDonatp, C. H., 1947, p. 359. (Panama, termite castles.) McKeown, K. C., 1944, rev. ed., pp. 63-69. (Australia, nests illustrated.) McLacuian, R., 1881, p. vi. (“Negrohead nests,” species allied to T. opacus, Brazil, nasutiform termite; comment on E. A. Ormerod’s note, p. v.) Mant, F., 1935, pp. 36-37. (Apicotermes oc- cultus and possibly other species, Africa.) Marais, E. N., 1937, pp. xv+184. (South Africa.) Marcu, A. W., 1931, pp. 495-496. Macrotermes barneyi, Philippines.) Maynarp, C. J., 1888, pp. 111-113. (Bahamas, hive-shaped tree nests, on Andros, prob- ably Nasutitermes rippertiu, common near Nassau.) MicHAELSEN, W., 1914, p. 33. (Nest of Termes at Okahandja, South West Af- rica.) Mitertt, G. P., 1902, pp. 581-582. (White ants’ castles.) Myosere, E. G.*, 1920, pp. 1-128. (Australia.) Monte, O., 1941, pp. 200-201. (Nests of Cornt- termes cumulans, Pirassununga, Brazil.) Morin, H., 1896, p. 237. (Queen cell in nest.) Miter, Fr., 1873-1875, pp. 341-358. (Nests, South America. Mukerji, D., and Mirra, P. K., 1949, pp. 9- 27. (Calcutta, Odontotermes redemanni, mounds, partly above, partly below ground, consist of cavities, many cavities contain fungus combs. Acidity conditions comparable in nest and trophic field, but moisture varies little in former, very much in latter, Depth nest 3 ft. under- ground, 4 ft. maximum; height above ground 1.5 to 3 ft., maximum 6 ft.) Murray, J. M., 1938, pp. 288-297. (Nest struc- ture Cubitermes Hodotermes, Micro- cerotermes, Trinervitermes, Macrotermes, Microtermes and Odontotermes, South Africa.) (Nest Muscrave, A., 1930, pp. 87-89. (Nest exhibit, Australia.) Naupt, T. J., 1935, pp. 1-20. (South Africa, drought and sparse short grass favorable for new nests, Trinervitermes havilandi mounds 3 ft. in diameter, 2 ft. in height, masticated grass in mound.) Noyss, H., 1937, pp. xiv+289. 1950, pp. 323-329. (Behind scenes, M. belli- cosus citadels, Africa (West, Central, and East), colony organization, cultivation fungi, mounds near unharmed native shelter, Belgian Congo.) Ormerop, E. A., 1881, pp. v-vi. (Tree nests (nasutiform termite), British Guiana.) Pascor, F. P., 1881, p. vi. (Nest from Brazil.) Prat, S. E., 1882, p. 343. (Nest substance, outer walls mounds clay, inner chambers excreted wood.) Pierre, M., 1941, pp. 129-135. Potxarp, J., 1945, pp. 15-16. (Northern Aus- tralia. RartcuirFE, F. N., and Greaves, T., 1940, pp. 150-160. (Subterranean foraging galleries Coptotermees lacteus, Australia.) REICHENSPERGER, A., 1923, pp. 52-59. (Africa, nest of Apicotermes occultus.) RENNIE, J., 1846, pp. 287-305. (Termite archi- tecture. Rwwiey, H. N., rgro, p. 157. (Nest with 8 queens, Malaya. Rowanp, P., 1911, pp. 178-179. (Nests and brickmaking.) ScuirF, H., 1858, p. 527; 109-110. (Chemical analysis 2 nests from Java.) ScuMELZ, J. D. E., 1876, pp. 19-20. Scumipt, H., 1950, pp. 1-37. (General.) Scumipt, R. S., 1955, pp. 157-181. (Africa, Apicotermes evolutionary nest-building.) SitvestRrI, F., 1903*, pp. 110-142. (South American nests.) Syéstept, Y., 1900-1904*, pp. 1-236; I-120. (Africa.) 1924*, pp. 1-8. (Subterranean nest from Congo Apicotermes (Termes) lamani.) 1926*, pp. 1-419. (Africa.) SMEATHMAN, H., 1781, pp. 139-192. (Africa.) Smitu, H. H., 1879, p. 139. (Luminous ter- mite mounds, Brazil.) Snyper, T. E. 1924c, pp. 10-11. (General.) 1926f, pp. 541-549. (General.) 1929a, pp. 40-46. (General.) 1929d, pp. 143-151. (Termites and archi- tecture, evolution nests from primitive to highly specialized, invasion of man’s dwellings.) 1935¢, pp. 18, 64-79. (General.) | | | WHOLE VOL. 1948, pp. 73-92. (General.) 1949d, zm Burton, pp. 264-272. mound nests, queen cells.) Snyper, T. E., and Zetex, J., 1924, pp. 1-26. (Panama.) 1934, in Kofoid, 2d ed., pp. 342-346. (Pan- ama. Srumprr, R., 1923, pp. 409-411. (Chemical composition nests Apicotermes occultus.) 1924, pp. 351-352. (An odd termite nest.) Taytor, J. E., 1942, p. 49. (Mounds used for manure. (India, BIBLIOGRAPHY OF TERMITES: SUBJ ECTS—SNYDER 81 Tovett, T. R., 1946, p. 37. (Shapes nests.) Uicuanco, L. B., 1919, pp. 59-65. (Philip- pines.) Waut, R. O., and Powe tt, A. R., 1927, pp. 125-140. (Importance nest structure fumi- gation calcium cyanide.) Wasmann, E., 1902a*, pp. 293-298. (Termes monodon, var. lujana, Zambesi, Portu- guese East Africa.) 1902b*, pp. 99-164. (Ceylon.) Wi, H., 1952, pp. 280-292. (Southern Rho- desia, vegetation of termitaria.) NUTRITION ABDERHALDEN, E., 1947, p. 331. (New vitamin prepared from termites by Goetsch, mush- rooms, yeasts, etc., increases assimilation food, might lead to gigantism in ter- mites.) Anprews, E. A., 1911, pp. 200-204. (Jamaica, Eutermes ripperti, “fungus gardens” de- veloped from dry masses in nest?; stored food nodules of eaten wood bound to- gether with secretion.) BeckwitH, T. D., and Rost, E. J., 1929, pp. 4-6. (Cellulose digestion by gut organ- isms.) Borromty, A. M., and Furzer, C., 1921, pp. 139-144, 223. (Fungus food.) Bucuner, P., 1928, pp. 1-64. (Alimentation from wood and symbiosis.) Buscation1, L., and Compes, S., 1910, pp. I- 16. (Protozoan symbiosis in digestion vegetation.) Cart, J., 1932, pp. 97-99. (Make provision of wood? Crevetanp, L. R., 1923, pp. 444-461. (Corre- lation between food, morphology, and Protozoa.) 1925a, pp. 289-293. (Live indefinitely on diet pure cellulose.) 1925b, pp. 295-308. (Feeding habits and symbiosis Protozoa.) 1925c, pp. 309-326. (Effects oxygenation and starvation on symbiosis Termopsis and Protozoa.) 1926, pp. 51-60. (Symbiosis, Protozoa.) 1928, pp. 231-237. (Symbiosis, Protozoa.) Coaton, W. G., 1947, pp. 130-177. (Wood- eating termites South Africa.) Cook, S. F., 1943, pp. 123-128. (Nonsym- biotic utilization carbohydrates by Zo- otermopsis angusticollis.) Cook, S. F., and Scott, K. G., 1932, pp. 505- 512. (Relation between absorption and elimination of water by Termposis an- gusticollis.) 1933, pp. 95-110. (Nutritional requirements Zootermopsis angusticollis.) 1943, p. 95. (Nutritional requirements Zo- otermopsis angusticollis.) Cook, S. F., and Smiru, R. E., 1942, pp. 211- 219. (Metabolic relations, Protozoa sym- biosis, temperature effects.) Dickman, A., 1931, pp. 85-92. (Ability in- testinal flora to digest cellulose.) ErcENe, S., 1949, pp. 49-70. (Role intestinal bacteria in assimilation atmospheric nitro- gen?) Futrer, C., 1915, pp. 60-64. (Food Hodo- termes and Trinervitermes South Africa.) Guin, G. M., 1940, pp. 220-221. (Cellulose (digestion) breaking down by intestinal fauna and flora, Reticulitermes lucifugus.) IQ4I, pp. 103-113. (Breaking down of cellu- lose in intestines of termites.) Gésswaxp, K., 1943, pp. 297-316. (Addition diastase to wood hastened development Calotermes flavicollis.) GortscH, W., 1946a, pp. 58-86. (Intestinal symbionts as sources of proteins and vita- min distributors.) 1947, pp. 193-274. (Influence vitamin T (torutilin) on form and habits of insects. Soldier formation obtained in soldierless Anoplotermes. Such “development stim- uli” obtained in Blattidae when fed on termites, extreme forms with magnified heads were equal to termite soldiers. Three factors decisive for “big-head” for- mation: (1) critical phase, (2) vitamin T, (3) sufficient protein nutrition. Vita- min T, alone, causes accelerated skin casting without body magnification; pro- tein alone provokes body enlargement without creating extreme forms. Only combined factors provoke gigantism and corresponding changes in behavior. Vita- min T found in fat of termites.) 82 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS 1948, pp. 533-626. (Action vitamin T on vertebrates, “termitine” (vitamin T) in- creases weight of mammals 20%, inde- pendent of quality nutrition; not a growth vitamin but a stimulant.) 1948a, pp. 115-118. (Review present status research on vitamin T (=termitin).) GortscH, W., and Grutcer, R., 1942, pp. 4I- 112. (Fungal nutrition frequent in social insects. In termites considered purely lignivorous, as Kalotermes and Reticuli- termes spp., use various fungi as addi- tional food, can live on these for long time, represent initial stages of an evolu- tionary series to exclusive fungus feeders.) Grassé, P. P., 1939b, pp. 251-262. (Feeding soldiers.) Grass£, P. P., and Norrot, C., 1945, pp. 273- 292. (Transmission of symbiotic flagel- lates and the nourishment of termites.) Hecu, E., 1922, pp. 219-369. (Food termites, world. Henoveer, E. C., 1933, pp. 111-134. (Associa- tion Kalotermes minor, Reticulitermes hesperus, and Zootermopsis angusticollis with fungi.) 1934, p. 316. (Role fungi in diet Zooter- mopsis angusticollis; fed on rotten, fun- gus-containing wood increased in dry weight and total nitrogen, more rapid growth.) 1934, in Kofoid, 2d ed., pp. 105-116. (As- sociation termites and fungi, former bene- fit by presence fungi in cellulose diet, latter by transport spores and hyphae.) 1935, Pp. 499-525. (Fungi form essential part natural diet Zootermopsis angusti- collis.) Houneate, R. E., 1936, pp. 240-249. (Molds in alimentary tract Zootermopsis not numerous enough to be of significance in digesting cellulose. Bacteria that could decompose cellulose not sufficiently abun- dant to make cellulose available to ter- mites. Amount cellulose digested by molds and bacteria much less than that digested during passage of wood through the termites.) 1938, pp. 1-25. (Relative importance of Zootermopsis angusticollis and nevadensis and Protozoa in wood digestion; diges- tion % dependent upon Protozoa.) 1938a, p. 53- (Some products of the cellu- lose dissimilation by termite Protozoa.) 1939, pp. 230-245. (Anaerobic carbohydrate dissimilation by intestinal Protozoa, Zo- otermopsis.) VOL. 130 1940, pp. 382-392. (Nitrogen content of sound and decayed wood and its rela- tion to loss in weight during decay.) 1941, pp. 467-489. (Dependence upon fungi as food primitive feature, transport nitro- gen which is not fixed from the air, comes from wood.) 1943, Pp. 730-739. (Quantitative analysis on the cellulose fermentation by Proto- ZOa.) 1943a, pp. 56-58, in Campbell, F. L., and Moulton, F. R. (Laboratory procedures.) 1944, pp. 91-98. (Growth and nitrogen utilization in laboratory cultures Zooter- mopsis nevadensis, no fixation atmos- pheric nitrogen, obtained from wood and soil, acted on by fungi; in nature fungi hinder growth termites by rapid decom- position wood.) 1946, pp. 9-24. (Symbiotic utilization of cellulose.) Jory, P., 1940, pp. 408-410. (Chemical re- search on principal vitamins and ketonic hormones in blood Bellicositermes na- talensis queen.) KatsHoven, L. G. E., 1937a, p. 35. (Java, Macrotermes feeding on dead leaves.) 1954, Pp. 319-323. (Java, Macrotermes gil- vus primary mound builder, can live without wood, on grass.) Keeng, E. A., and Licut, S. F., 1944, pp. 283- 290. (Results of feeding ether extracts of male reproductives to groups nymphal termites.) Kocu, A., 1938, pp. 81-90. (Bacterial sym- biosis in Mastotermes darwiniensis.) Leacu, J. G., 1940, pp. 67-74. (Transmission plant diseases, termites, fungi, Protozoa.) Leacu, J. G., and Granovsky, A. A., 1938, pp. 66-67. (Possible explanation apparent ability termites to thrive on nitrogen-de- ficient diet, anal feeding reabsorption nitrogen from Malpighian tubes and Pro- tozoa from the gut, nitrogen used re- peatedly enables termites to live on pure cellulose for long time.) Lunp, E. C., 1930, pp. 81-96. (Effect of diet upon intestinal fauna of Termopsis.) Mansour, K., 1936, pp. 233-241. (Enzymes of wood-eating insects, significance of in- testinal microorganisms in nutrition.) Mansour, K., and Mansour-BeEK, J. J., 1934, pp. 363-382. (Role microorganisms in digestion wood.) Montanpon, A. L., 1910, pp. 444-452. (Neu- ters produced by castration of young through special diet.) Morsratt, H., 1922, pp. 9-16. WHOLE VOL. Noyes, H., 1951, p. 59. (Peculiarities of the termite to satisfy desire for honey dew.) Pickens, A. L., 1952, p. 134. (U.S., Reticuli- termes, queen sterile on mere cellulose, soon begins to lay when fed fungus-in- fested wood, used yeasts to offset de- ficiency diets long before man.) Pretscu, A., 1926, p. 164. (Wood-eating ter- mites.) Ranpatt, M., and Doopy, T. C., in Kofoid, 1934, 2 od. ed., Pp- 99-104. (Hydrogen-ion concentration in intestine, pH acid.) RatciirFE, F, N., and Cummins, J. E., 1939, pp. 321-228, (Food preferences, Aus- tralia.) Rogsstzer, E. S., 1932, pp. 357-368. (US., Termopsis nevadensis, nitrogen needs of growing termites, thrived better on pure wood and filter paper moistened with extract of Douglas fir than on pure cellu- lose (Whatman’s filter paper, nitrate solu- tions slightly accelerated growth.) Scumupt, H., 1949a, pp. 140-142. (Food econ- omy. Sxarre, S. H., 1954a, pp. 123-133. (Amitermes atlanticus, South Africa, food, drugs, and hormones.) Se . E., 1924c, pp. 5-6. (Hunger stimu- lus. BIBLIOGRAPHY OF TERMITES. SUBJ ECTS—SNYDER 83 1935e, pp. 80-93. (Food, general.) 1948, Pp. 93-104. (Food, general.) Tiron, L., 1946, pp. 865-868. (Chemical com- position termite nourishment.) Tot, L., 1944-1945, pp. 7-36. (Kalotermes flavicollis can assimilate nitrogen from air—in 24 hours each insect can assimilate an amount corresponding to 65% of its own body weight.) 1949, pp. 22-29. (Nitrogen-binding by Kalo- termes flavicollis and its symbionts.) TRAGER, W., I94I, p. 15. (Isoptera.) Visintin, B., 1941, pp. 27-44. (Digestion cellulose due to activity of flagellate Joeni- dae, Calotermes flavicollis.) 1947, pp. 290-300. (Calotermes flavicollis, starch in nutrition utilized as carbohy- drate food, enzyme active in intestines partially freed of Protozoa, loss in weight, cellulose not digested.) Weser, N. A., 1948, pp. 31-35. (African Pheidole ae feed on termites; interest- ing since Goetsch 1937 and 1947 states development soldier caste depends on ter- mite vitamin T.) Yonce, C. M., 1925, pp. 242-248. (Digestion cellulose.) 1938, pp. 638-647. (Digestion cellulose and chitin, OBITUARY ANONYMOUS, 1925a, pp. 127-128. (Grassi, Gio- vanni Battista, 1854-1925.) 1929b, p. 282. (Fuller, Claude, 1872-1928.) 1931, p. 240. (Wasmann, Erich, 1859-1931.) 1935d, p. 308. (Handlirsch, Anton, 1865- 1935-) 19372, p. 42. (Tillyard, Robin John, 1881- 1937.) IQ40Cc, p. 5I. 1868-1940.) 1946b, pp. 3-4. (Adamson, Alastair Martin, 1901-1945.) 1948b, p. 3, frontispiece. 1866-1948.) 1949b, p. 45. (Imms, August Daniell, 1880- 1949.) 1949¢, p. 154. (Silvestri, Filippo, 1873-1949.) Cart, J., 1939, pp. 616-617. (Bugnion, Fred- erick Edouard, 1845-1939.) Carpenter, M. M., 1945, pp. 1-116. (Ento- mologists.) 1953, pp. 257-348. (Entomologists, supple- ment.) Constant, J. B., 1937, p- 143. (Wheeler, Wil- liam Morton, 1865-1937.) (Knower, Henry McElderry, (Sjostedt, Ynge, DaruincTon, P. J., JR., 1953, p. 372. (Banks, Nathan, 1808. 1953.) Essic, E. O., 1948, pp. 50-53. (Light, Sol Felty, 1886- 1947.) Geiser, S. W., 1930, pp. 133-134. (Buckley, Samuel Botsford, 1809-1883.) Horn, W., 1935, p. 63. (John, Oskar, 1875- 1935-) Howarp, L. O., 1929, pp. 142-143. (Schwarz, Eugene Amandus, 1844-1928.) Kirsy, H., Jr., 1948, pp. 403-404. (Kofoid, Charles Atwood, 1865-1947.) Rouwer, S. A., 1948, pp. 103-108. (Cockerell, Theodore Dru Alison, 1866-1948.) Saaas, U., 1948, pp. 22-25. (Kemner, Nils Viktor Alarik, 1887-1948.) Scuwarz, E. A., et al., 1901a, pp. 350-360. (Hubbard, Henry Guernsey, 1850-1899.) Snyper, T. E., 1922, pp. 41-42. (Thompson, Caroline Burling, 1869-1921.) Usincer, R. L., 1941, p. 84. (Ehrhorn, Ed- ward Macfarlane 1862-1941.) WALKER, J. J., 1937, pp. 155-156. (Froggatt, Walter Wilson, 1858-1937.) 84 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 130 PARASITES Atston, R. A., 1947, p. 120. (Fungous para- site on Coptotermes curvignathus, Malaya, possibly Conidiobolus, n. sp.) Anonymous, 1936f, pp. 77-78. (Abdomen soldier Macrotermes gilvus parasitized by Misotermes exenterans.) 1938c, p. 19. (“Virus” used to control ter- mites in Australia, proved to be arseni- cal.) AsHMEAD, W. H., 1901, p. 42. (Caratomus sp. supposed chalcidid parasite on Termes flavipes.) Baker, E. W., and Wuarton, G. W., 1952, p. 56. (Termites have tropical or sub- tropical discozerconids (mites) as ecto- parasites. ) (Banks, N., and) Snyper, T. E., 1920*, pp. 116-118. (General, and fungous disease of Reticulitermes.) Beit, T., 1874, p. 181. (Epidzootic among termites, heaps of dead about, Nicaragua.) Briwwett, J. C., 1920, p. 301. (Sclerodermus immigrans experimentally _ parasitized “Calotermes castaneus’ in Hawaii, pos- sibly attack termites in nature.) BRUNELLI, G., 1950a, pp. 718-721. (Destruc- tion oocytes of queen infested by Pro- tozoa.) 1906, pp. 55-62. (Destruction oocytes of queen infested by Protozoa.) Bucnu, H. H. R., 1952, pp. 519-524. (Fun- gus, Antennopsis gallica. DeBacu, P. H., and McOmr, W. A., 1939, pp. 137-146. (First record of Serratia marcescens and Bacterium sp. in Isoptera, Zootermopsis angusticollis.) Descu, H. E., 1953, p. 235. (Bacteriological methods of extermination, claimed for some proprietary products, merely direct arsenious poisons.) Fryraup, J., and Dieuzein:, R., 1927, pp. 161- 163. (Fungous parasite Reticulitermes lu- cifugus, Termitaria sp. close to T. snyderi, southwestern France.) 1927a, pp. 671-672. (Fungous parasite Re- ticulitermes lucifugus, Termitaria sp. close to T. snyderi, southwestern France.) Forzes, S. A., 1895, p. 198. (Illinois, Ento- mophthora aphidis and Sporotrichum globuliferum killed Termes flavipes in insectary.) Guipini, G. M., and Morice, M., 1941, pp. 161-175. (Gregarina ausoniae, gregarine wormlike Protozoa in Reticulitermes lu- cifugus.) 1943, pp. 57-58. (Gregarina ausoniae, greg- arine wormlike Protozoa in Reticuli- termes lucifugus.) Hecu, E., 1922, pp. 594-598. (General.) Hem, R., and Bucuut, H., 1951, pp. 277-280. (Fungous parasite Antennopsis gallica, Reticulitermes sp. of Saintonge.) Huu, G. F., 1922a, pp. 346-347. (Mordelli- stena, n. sp., family Mordellidae, parasitic on termites, Australia.) Howarp, L. O., 1901, pp. 353-360. (Big- headed chalcid fly (Caratomus) possibly parasite of Reticulitermes, p. 350. KatsHoven, L. G. E., 1938, pp. 391-395. (Para- site of soldier of Macrotermes gilvus.) 1938a, pp. 395-397. (Misotermes, abdominal larvae. Kemner, N. A., 1925*, pp. 1-15. (“Larva termitovorax,” a parasitic fly larva in the heads of termite soldiers, leading to dis- tortion and the establishment of a special termite genus containing 2 species.) 1925b, pp. 157-163. (Further observations on the genus Gnathotermes established on parasitized individuals of Termes.) Kevorxian, A. G., 1937, pp. 191-199. (Coni- diobolus sp. (Entomophoraceae) fungous parasite of Nasutitermes in Cuba.) KonincsBercer, J. C., and ZimMERMANN, A., 1901, p. 81. (Cordyceps.) Kupo, R. R., 1942, pp. 307-333. (The micro- sporidian Duboscquia legeri parasitic in Reticulitermes flavipes.) 1943, pp. 265-278. (Nosema termitis, n. sp., parasitic in R. flavipes, Urbana, Ill., bod- ies workers, epithelial cells midintestine, infected cells continuously sloughed off.) Lery, J., 1877, pp. 146-149. (Intestinal para- sites Termes flavipes.) 1881, pp. 425-447. (Parasites, entozoic.) 1882, p. 50. (Abstract of 1881 article.) 1904, pp. 1-281. (Researches in helminthol- ogy and parasitology.) Lespis, C., 1856a, pp. 335-336. (Nematode parasite of termites, R. /ucifugus.) Linstow, O. von, 1900, p. 418. (New nema- tode in termite nest in South Africa.) Merrit1, J. H., and Forp, A. L., 1916, pp. 115-127. (Two new nematodes, one para- sitic in native termites (heads) Reticuli- termes, Kansas.) Newman, E., 1841, p. 61. (Nurseries slightly overgrown with mold.) Norrot, C., 1953a, pp. 11-20. (Parasitism workers leads to development of gonads, Noditermes curvatus, Ivory Coast, Africa, dipterous larvae.) WHOLE VOL. PemBeErTON, C. E., 1928a, pp. 148-150. (Nema- todes associated with termites in Hawaii, Borneo, and Celebes.) Pickens, A. L., 1952, p. 134. (Reticulitermes, Termitaria pacedens.) REICHENSPERGER, A., 1923, pp. 103-114. (Ter- mitaria thaxteri, a new fungus parasitic on Eutermes and Cornitermes.) Roserts, F. H. S., 1952, p. 27. (Macrohodo- termes mossambicus transvaalensis inter- mediate host of poultry roundworm in South Africa.) Rutiepce, W., 1925, pp. 187-188. (Mermis sp., a mermithid worm in body of Corni- termes orthocephalus.) Scumuvt, H., 1950, pp. 1-37. (General.) Scumitz, H., 1936b, pp. 77-78. (Myiasis in soldiers of Macrotermes gilvus in Java.) 1938, pp. 369-391. (Misotermes exenterans, Nn. gen., n. sp., a parasitic phorid fly caus- ing myiasis in soldiers of Macrotermes gilvus in Java.) Skcuy, E., 1953, pp. 21-28. (Diptera, Calli- phoridae infesting Noditermes curvatus, Ivory Coast, 1 new genus, 2 new species.) Sitvestri, F., 1926, pp. 3-18. (Larvae of a fly (Conopidae?) parasitic in heads Macro- termes gilvus causing myiasis in certain individuals, mandibular muscles are re- duced, parasitized workers “myiagenes.”’) Sitvia, C., 1929, pp. 39-48. (Fungi, Termu- taria, Mattirolella, p. 44 near Termitaria, M. silvestrii on Rhinotermes marginalis, British Guiana.) Sxaire, S. H., 1954a, p. 132. (South Africa, Termitometopia skaifei, with Amitermes atlanticus.) Snyper, T. E., 1929a, pp. 40-46. (General.) 1933a*, pp. I-15. (Fungous disease on fore- leg Nasutitermes fletcheri (Holmgren, K. and N.), (Termitaria) in India.) 1935€, pp. 120-121. (General.) 1948, pp. 136-139. (General.) 1951b, pp. 31-32. (Wholesale death Nasuti- termes, Dominica.) BIBLIOGRAPHY OF TERMITES: SUBJ ECTS—SNYDER 85 1953C, pp. 40-41. (Myiasis in Macrotermes, Orient.) Sternuaus, E, A., 1949. (Spirochaetes, p. 106; bacteria, p. 148; fungi Entomophthora, Pp. 325; nematodes in termites, p. 635.) STIFFLER, C. B., 1941, pp. 82-86. (Fungous parasite Cordycepioideus on Macrotermes in Africa.) SweETMAaN, H. L., 1936, p. 69-70. (Fungous disease termites, Ectomyces and Termi- taria.) Tate, P. C., 1927, pp. 54-60. (Ectomyces calo- term1, a new genus and species of Asco- mycete parasitic on Calotermes samoanus Holmgren.) 1928, pp. 77-78. (Ectomyces calotermi, a synonym of Termitaria snyderi; Tate described Ectomyces as an ascomycete, while Thaxter placed Termitaria in the Fungi Imperfecti, and considered this parasite external; Tate found haustorial cells under the integument connected with the sporodochium by a fine hypha.) TuHaxter, R., 1895, p. 470. (Laboulbenia hagenit on Termes bellicosus, var. mo- zambica, Africa, fungous parasite.) 1920, pp. 3-9. (Termitaria snyderi and coronata, fungi on Reticulitermes, U.S., and Eutermes, Grenada, British West Indies.) Tueiter, A., 1919 (1918), pp. 697-706. (Nem- atode Filaria in Hodotermes, South Af- rica; F. gallinarum, n. sp., in fowls has termite as an intermediary host.) Tompson, W. R., 1944, p. 101. (Parasites termites, 1 artificially induced, 3 probably parasites of guests in termite nests.) TsveTKova, V. P., 1953, pp. 132-141. (Odessa, R. lucifugus not economically important in southern Russia; parasitic mite Acoty- ledon feytaudi in nests.) VAN ZWALUWENBURG, R. H., 1928, pp. 1-68. (Termites in Hawaii infested with nema- todes and mermithid worms.) PHYLOGENY Auman, M., 1950, pp. 39-86. (Phylogeny of termite genera based on imago-worker mandibles.) Buenion, E., and Ferrikre, C., 191 1a, pp. 102- 103. (Prothoracic processes on Copto- termes flavus vestiges of an ancestral type.) CLEVELAND, L. R., SANpERs, E. P., and HA tt, S. R., 1931, p. 92. (Relation Protozoa of Cryptocercus to Protozoa termites and bearing of this relationship on evolution of termites from roaches.) Crampton, G. C., 1916, pp. 244-258. (Phy- logeny termites and related groups.) 1919, pp. 64-72. (Phylogeny termites and related groups, Zoraptera and Orthop- tera.) 1920, pp. 105-110. (Ancestry of insects and their allies.) 1920b, pp. 137-145. (Terminal abdominal structures primitive Australian Masto- termes darwiniensis.) 1920c, p. 116. (Lines of descent of lower winged insects.) 86 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS 1921, p. 99. (Phylogenetic study venation forewings termites.) 1g2Ia, pp. 110-117. (Phylogenetic study venation forewings termites.) 1923, pp. 85-93. (Comparative study ter- minal abdominal structures adult alate female primitive Mastotermes darwint- ensis with those of the roach Periplaneta americana.) 1926, pp. 78-85. (Affinities of Grylloblatta as indicated by head and appendages.) 1926a, pp. 198-248. (Comparison of neck and prothoracic sclerites throughout the orders of insects from standpoint of phy- logeny.) 1932, pp. 19-49. (Phylogenetic study of head capsule, termites and related groups.) Desnevx, J., 1904a*, pp. 146-151. (Critical of Wasmann’s division genus Termes into genera and subgenera based on soldier caste.) 1904b*, pp. 278-286. (Relation of termites to Blattidae.) 1904d*, pp. 372-378. (Response to Was- mann—soldier caste cannot serve as basis for natural classification.) 1953, Pp. 1-123. (Phylogeny Apicotermes nests. 1953a, Pp. 393-396. (Phylogeny Apicotermes nests.) Emerson, A. E., 1926, pp. 69-100. (Develop- ment soldier Constrictotermes cavifrons and its phylogenetic significance.) 1937, p. 56. (Phylogeny nests.) 1938, pp. 247-284. (Phylogeny of behavior, nests, behavior of a population, patterns hereditary.) 1941, p. 115. (Phylogeny.) 1942*, pp. I-12. (Relations of a relict South African termite, Stolotermes.) 1943, Pp. 97-118. 1953, Pp. 101-121. (Apicotermes, Africa.) Hanoptirscu, A., 1903, pp. 729-730. (Isoptera.) 1908*, pp. ix+1430. (Phylogeny.) 1939, pp. 1-240. (Phylogeny.) Hare, L., 1937, pp. 459-486. (Phylogeny as evidenced by soldier mandible develop- ment.) VOL. 130 Haviranp, G. D., 1898, p. 358. (Genus Termes cannot be subdivided by charac- ters common to every caste.) Hormcren, N., 1912*, pp. 129-136. (World termites. ) Juccr, C., 1952, p. 837. (Mastotermes dar- winiensis alone among termites demon- strates bacterial symbiosis, which every cockroach presents.) 1952a, pp. 449-453. (Symbiosis and phylog- eny. Licut, S. F., 1930d*, pp. 215-232. (Phylo- genetic groupings Mexican Amitermes.) Martynoy, A. V., 1937*, pp. 83-150. (Wings and phylogeny termites and allied groups.) 1938, pp. 81-83, 147. (Derivation termites, geologic history.) Packarp, A. S., 1883, pp. 326-329. (Orthop- tera in relation to Termitidae. Rav, P., 1941, pp. 256-259. (Cockroaches fore- runners of the termites, based on be- havior various species roaches.) Scupprr, S. H., 1885, pp. 319-351. (Palaeo- dictyoptera, or affinities of Paleozoic Hexapoda.) Snyper, T. E., 1926f, pp. 522-552. (General.) 1935€, PP- 2, 5, 18, 25, 33-34, 60, 82. (Gen- eral. 1948, pp. 20-25, 38, 97. (General.) TuHompson, C. B., and Snyper, T. E., 1919, pp. 115-132. (Phylogenetic origin termite castes.) Titryarp, R. J., 1936, p. 655. (Are termites descended from cockroaches?) Watker, E. M., 1919, pp. 267-316. (Terminal abdominal structure Orthoptera, phylog- eny termites.) 1922, pp. 1-88. (Terminal abdominal struc- ture Orthoptera, phylogeny, termites and Zoraptera included.) WasMann, E., 1904*, pp. 370-371. (Criticism Desneux’s views of division genus Termes based on soldiers.) 1905, pp. 436-449. (Phylogenetic metamor- phosis East Indian termite guests.) WHEELER, W. M., 1904, pp. 29-37. ZALESSKY, G., 1937*, pp. 847-848. (Ancestors some groups of the present-day insects.) POISON DUSTS ANONYMOUS, 1945a, pp. 19-30. (Colonies of Eutermes exitiosus in mounds, Australia, killed in 12 weeks, treated with white arsenic at rate 4 oz. per mound; only 25% mortality with paris green; dusts of 666 and DDT (10% in kaolin) at rate Y, oz. per mound ineffective.) BrELey, F., 1934, pp. 160-175. (Chemical dusts about roots young rubber trees, Ma- laya.) Brittain, W. H., 1925, pp. 82-87. (Calcium cyanide in control mound-building ter- mites, India.) 1926, pp. 45-48. (Calcium cyanide in con- WHOLE VOL. trol mound-building termites, India, Cey- lon.) 1928, pp. 115-124. (Cyanogas in control of scavenger termites, India and Ceylon.) Coaton, W. G. H., 1948b, pp. 1-18. (Crypto- termes brevis, South Africa.) Doane, R. W., Van Dyke, E. C., CHAMBER- LIN, W. J., and Burkes, H. E., 1936, p. 412. (Dry-wood termites, California.) Enruorn, E. M., in Kofoid, 1934, 2d ed., pp. 330-333. (Hawaii, dry-wood termites and Coptotermes, paris green.) Fuitaway, D. T., 1926, pp. 68-88. (Hawaii.) Fuiter, C., 1919a, p. 303. (South Africa, Hodotermes, white arsenic or corrosive sublimate.) Harrow, K. M., 1942, pp. 47B-52B. (New Zealand.) Harvey, P. A., 1939, pp. 1-41. (California, Kalotermes minor. Horpaway, F. G., and Hut, G. F., 1936, pp. 135-136. (Australia, arsenical powders in mounds of Eutermes exitiosus.) Hunt, R. W., 1949, pp. 959-962. (California, Kalotermes minor.) Jepson, F. P., 1929a, pp. 307-311. (Ceylon, Calotermes attacking tea bushes, poison dusts.) 1929b, pp. 1-11. (Ceylon, Calotermes at- tacking tea bushes, poison dusts.) 1930a, pp. I9I-195. (Ceylon, Calotermes attacking tea bushes, poison dusts.) 1931a, pp. 67-69. (Ceylon, mound-building termites, Cyanogas dust effective when fresh, but not otherwise.) Kecx, C. B., 1953, pp. 187-194. (Hawaii, poison dusts, paris green, DDT, chlor- dane.) Kersey, J. M., 1946b, pp. 65-100. (New Zea- land, dusts effective.) Kine, C. B. R., 1938, pp. 195-205. (Ceylon, Neotermes militaris, tea bushes, paris green.) Korow, C. A. and Wiis, O. L., in Kofoid, 1934, 2d ed., pp. 477-479. (Tox- icity of dusts.) Mamet, R., and Durocuer-Yvon, F., 1941, pp. 59-61. (Mauritius, arsenic trioxide (As,O,) 40%, potassium antimoniate 5%, borax 2%, iron trioxide 53%, pul- verized and kept dry; one application 5 to 10g.; repeat application after 10 days. BIBLIOGRAPHY OF TERMITES: SUBJ ECTS—SNYDER 87 Exposure furniture to sunlight several times after treatment.) Morrit, A. W., 1953, pp- 274-275. (Philip- pines and Japan, 10% DDT dust blown into tunnels subterranean termites where soil poisons could not be used, U.S. Army installations.) Newe tt, R. E., 1952, p. 67. (U.S., ChlorKil 5 dust, subterranean termites.) Pancca, G. A., 1936, pp. 233-265. (Philip- pines, dusting paris green into bodies workers and soldiers, whole colony killed by one treatment.) Perry, B. K., 1946, pp. 1-16. (South Africa, dusts containing 4% DDT or benzene hexachloride unsatisfactory in field owing to inadequate penetration nests of Tri- nervitermes havilandi.) 1948, pp. 1-15. (Residual toxicity of DDT and BHC.) Ranpatt, M., and Doopy, T. C., in Kofoid, 1934, 2d ed., pp. 463-476. (California.) RatcuiFFe, F. N., and Cummins, J. E., 1939, pp. 221-228. (Australia.) Smitu, R. H., 1930, pp. 557-560. (Historical, arsenicals, calomel; paris green, Cali- fornia.) Snyper, T. E., 1929b, pp. 17-28. (Mid-Pacific area. 1920j, pp. 1-15. (Pacific area.) 1929m, pp. 5-11. (California.) 1934a, p. 18. (Arsenicals, U.S.) 1935€, Pp. 152, 160. (General.) 1948, p. 191. (General.) 1950d, p. 15. (Arsenicals, DDT, sodium fluosilicate, U.S.) Snyper, T. E., and Zetex, J., 72 Kofoid, 1934, 2d ed., p. 344. (Poison dusts, carton nests, Panama.) Tempany, H. A., 1933, pp. 297-309. (Malaya, paris green effective when used under proper supervision, rubber trees.) Tu, T., 1954, pp. 423-429. (Formosa, sub- terranean termites break tubes, powdered poison, white arsenic—lime placed on right-angle parts with plinth course for posts.) Van ZwaLuwensure, R. H., 1916, pp. 42-45. (Puerto Rico, Eutermes morio, arsenicals, london purple quicker than paris green— more finely divided particles, p. 43.) Wotcott, G. N., 1924, pp. 3-15. (Puerto Rico, paris green, arsenate lead, calomel effec- tive in control Nasutitermes morio.) POPULATION Anprews, E. A., 1911, p. 204. (Jamaica, Eu- termes ripperti, 631,878 termites in nest.) Anprews, E. A., and Mippteton, A. R., IgII, pp. 26-34. (Jamaica, Nasutitermes popu- lation and activity, % million, “traffic” 8,000 per hour.) 88 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS ANONYMOUS, 1935, p. 178. (Australia, weigh- ing population mound nest, calculated colony held 1,561,400 workers, 201,000 soldiers, 44,100 nymphs.) (Banks, N., and) Snyper, T. E., 1920*, pp. 113-115. (U.S., proportionate number castes in colonies.) Berse, W., 1916, pp. 114, 116. (Fauna 4 sq. ft. jungle debris.) BopENHEIMER, F. S., 1937, pp. 393-430. (Neo- termes tectonae, population problems, so- cial insects.) Brus, C. T., 1946, pp. 23-24. (3 million ter- mites in one carton nest in South Amer- ica; Nasutitermes in Jamaica half million, ‘trafic” in and out of nest amounts to about 8,000 termites per hour at time greatest activity—shortly after midnight.) Emerson, A. E., 1939a, pp. 287-300. (Popu- lation social insects. 1945, pp. 14-19. (Population genetics.) 1947, Pp. 337-345. (Populations undergo evolution to supraorganisms.) 1949, in Allee et al., p. 722. (Termite popu- lations.) Gay, F. J., and Greaves, T., 1940, pp. 145- 149. (Australia, Coptotermes lacteus mound colony in winter.) Grassé, P. P., 1939b, pp. 251-262. (Proportion males and females, number soldiers in a termitary.) VOL. 130 Gupta, S. D., 1953, pp. 697-704. (Odonto- termes obesus, India, proportion workers 49%, soldiers 7.7%, nymphs 43.3% col- ony in non-mound-building months; in latter 66.5% workers, 5.5% soldiers, 28% nymphs. Population fungus-combs has higher proportion nymphs than else- where.) Hotpaway, F. G., Gay, F. J., and Greaves, T., 1935, pp. 42-46. (Australia, estimated population 4 mounds, Eutermes exitiosus; temperature factor in seasonal concen- tration, largest 1,806,500 at lowest tem- perature, smallest 484,300 when weather warmer—mounds of equal size.) Lamotte, M., 1947, pp. 88-90. (Population density of a savannah in Guinea less in dry season due to absence of Collembola; latter predominated, followed by ants and termites.) Sasrosky, C. W., 1952, pp. 1-7. (U.S., colony Y% million (Reticulitermes) ; South Amer- ica, 3 million (Nasutitermes surinamen- sis); Australia, nearly 2 million (Nasuti- termes exitiosus, pp. 5-6.) SxaireE, S. H., 1954a, p. 126. (Amitermes at- lanticus, South Africa, 40,000 in mound.) Snyper, T. E., 1935¢€, p. 53-. (United States.) 1948. (General, in Tropics, several million, p. 76; U.S., % million (Reticulitermes, p. 84.) PREDATORS Apams, C. C., 1915, p. 208. (Ant, Aphaeno- gaster fulva, preying on Termes flavipes, Illinois.) Apamson, A. M., 1943a, pp. 1-12. (Termites enemy honeybee (Apis mellifera), Trini- dad.) ger D. A., 1946, p. 29. (Dragonflies, US. AnprEws, E. A., 1911, p. 202. (Jamaica, Eu- termes ripperti, Camponotus hannani, yellow red ant, predator.) Anprews, H. E., 1936, pp. 11-12. (Tachys termiticola, n. sp., in nest Macrotermes gilvus, Java.) ARNOLD, G., 1914, pp. 25-32. (Ants, South Africa.) 1915, p. 45. (Paltothyreus tarsatus, foraging ant preying on termites, South Africa.) (Banks, N., and) Snyper, T. E., 1920*, pp. 118, 120-121. (General and ants.) Baranov, N., 1936, pp. 646-651. (India, mag- gots of Termitoloemus marshalli, n. sp., Calliphoridae, predaceous on_ termite workers.) Bates, H. W., 1861, pp. 69-71. (Great and small anteaters, Amazon River.) Breese, W., 1914, pp. 1141-1145. (Pangolin.) 1918, pp. 1561-1566. (Silky anteater, British Guiana.) 1918a, pp. 158, 233. (Birds; termites im- mune from attack by army ants, British Guiana.) BEQuaERT, J., 1925, p. 294. (Ponerine ant (Neoponera commutata) preying on workers Syntermes, Amazon.) BincuaM, C. T., 1903, pp. xix+506. (Lobo- pelta, ant, feeding on termites, British India.) Brake, C. H., 1941, p. 38. (Alates of Reticuli- termes flavipes at Lincoln, Mass., cap- tured by ants—Crematogaster lineolata, Aphaenogaster fulva aquia, Lasius niger, var. americanus, Formica rufa integra, F, neogagates, and F. nitidiventris; 2 other ants are recorded as _ probably plesiobiotic (symbiotic) in termitaries.) 1941a, pp. 91-110. (U.S., termites taken by birds.) WHOLE VOL. Bromtey, E. H., 1948, pp. 93-95. (Birds, Ma- laya.) Brurs, C. T., 1947, pp. 167-168. (Winged termites.) Buenion, E., 1922, pp. 173-225. (Ants.) 1927, pp. 1-44. (War between ants and ter- mites. Carpenter, G. D. H., 1919, pp. lii-lviii. (Fly, Bengalia depressa, attacking wingless ter- mite.) Carva.uo, A. L. DE, 1942, pp. 57-89. (Central Brazil, Peripatus heloisae, n. sp., lives in termite hills, eats termites.) Cuampion, F. W., 1934, pp. 24-33, pls. 10-13. (Pangolin, Manis pentadactyla, plains and foothills India, digs out termites, p. 138, pl. 57, sloth bear digs in ant hills.) CLELanp, J. C., 1918, p. 15. (Birds, Aus- tralia.) Cortart, A., 1927, pp. 249-253. (Congo, Megaponera foetens, when pillaging ter- mite nest led by single individual, com- bats with Myrmicaria when returning with plunder.) Cosar, H. G., 1934, p. 72. (Africa, ants, birds, Manis, Orycteropus.) D’Asrev, E. A., 1919, p. 861. (Birds, Central Provinces, India.) Distant, W. L., 1892, pp. 48-50. (Transvaal, toads, frogs, birds, dog preying on Termes angustatus.) Dirmars, R. L., 1905, pp. 246-248. mammals.) 1907, p. 322. (Subterranean serpent Glau- conia albifrons from Trinidad lives mostly in ant hills where it feeds on young or workers.) 1910, p. 217. (Subterranean serpent Glaw- conia albifrons from Trinidad lives mostly in ant hills where it feeds on young or workers.) Dracort, C. H., 1919, pp. 873-874. (Scor- pions, India.) DuPtessis, C., 1931, pp. 1-2. (Birds and ani- mals, South Africa.) Ewers, H. H., 1927, pp. 173-179, I pl., pp. 180-209, I pl., 1 text fig. (Ants and ter- mites, thieving ants.) Fitcu, A., 1858, p. 694. (Termes frontalis, association with black and red ant, For- mica rufa, nursed and protected by this ant.) FLeTcHER, T. B., and Incuisu, C. M., 1920, p. 236. (India, bird eating termites, spot- ted owlet (Athene brama.) Forses, H. O., 1879, pp. 4-5. (Termes lucifu- gus kept in captivity by Formica nigra.) (Odd BIBLIOGRAPHY OF TERMITES: SUBJ ECTS—SNYDER 89 Foret, A., 1901, pp. 389-398. (Termite-eating ants, lestobiosus, Atta tardograda, sub- genus Euponera; 2n.sp.in Monomorium, Pheidole.) 1g11*, 72 Escherich, pp. 215-228. (Ceylon, association ants and termites.) Futter, C., 1918, pp. 16-20. (Eutermes and Cubitermes and the ant Plagiolapsis cus- todiens.) I91ga, p. 303. (South Africa, aardvark, Hodotermes.) Gapow, H., 1901. (Myobatrachus (Mexico) and Rhinophyrnus termite-eating amphib- ians, p. 166; R. dorsalis (Mexico) eats ter- mites, p. 185; subfamily Engystomatinae, family Engystomatidae eat ants and ter- mites, p. 225; South African Breuiceps mossambicus modified for purpose feed- ing on termite, p. 232.) Grant, C., 1948, p. 14. (Snake in nests ter- mites, West Indies, Australia, British Guiana.) Green, E. E., 1906-1907, pp. 183-184. (Fly Bengalia hunting winged termites at night.) Gurney, A. B., 1947, pp. 154-156. (Immature oe Neuroptera, Lomayia with termites, US. Gwinty, J. H., 1860, pp. 7234-7235. (African anteater Orycteropus.) Hacen, H. A., 1879, p. 118. (15 different spe- cies birds feeding on swarm Termes fla- vipes, U.S.) Harper’s Famiry Lisrary, 1831, p. 149. (Africa, ants, birds, reptiles, insects.) Hecu, E., 1922, pp. 539-593. (General.) Hitt, G. F., 1915*, p. 110. (Larva of a Tach- inid fly predacious on Rhinotermes, Aus- tralia.) Hinecston, R. W. G., 1932, pp. 79, 292-317. (Termites, p. 79; ants and termites in Guiana, pp. 292-317.) Horne, C., 1869, p. xii. (Termites eaten by birds, frogs, lizards, India.) Inerine, H. von, 1896, p. 451. (Termites col- lected by wasps, Brazil.) Janvier, H., 1928, pp. 1748-1749. (Chile, near Loncoche, peripatid. Opisthopatus blain- villei devours Calotermes.) Jarvis, E., 1927a, pp. 18-23. (Queensland, Camponotus nigriceps, var. dimidziatus, Iridomyrmex detectus, and a third ant predacious on Mastotermes.) Joseru, C. H., 1928, pp. 223-226. (Peripatus blainvillei in Chile.) 1928a, pp. 285-298. (Peripatus blainvillei in Chile, preying on Calotermes chilensis in galleries in wood.) go SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS Jupp, S., 1902, pp. 34, 41. (Termites 1.07% food birds, Maryland farm; Aug. 3, 1898, 2 bank, 2 barn, and 3 white-bellied swal- lows ate 320 termites.) Karmpracu, E. R., 1943, p. 41. (Termites com- prised 30.5% by volume stomach content armadillo in Texas.) KatsHoven, L. G. E., 1955, pp- 273-278. (Java, elaterid Oxynopterus mucronatus Ol., predator on Neotermes tectonae.) Ketroce, R., 1932, p. 138. (Tree frog, Dia- glena spatulata, found in nest in tree at Venodio, Mexico.) Kine, G. B., 1897, pp. 193-196. (Termes fla- vipes and association with ants, U.S.) Knicut, P., 1933, p. 24. (Termites 1.0% food of birds, Maryland.) 1939, p- 35. (Termites 1.0% food of birds, Maryland.) Knowrton, G. F., and Harmston, F. C., 1946, p. 384. (6 termites in 194 stomachs mountain bluebirds, U.S.) Know ton, G. F., Mappox, D. R., and Woop, S. L., 1946, pp. 382-383. (185 termites in 2,191 stomachs sagebrush swift lizards, UiS:) McCook, H. C., 1879, p. 155. (U.S., Formica exsectoides preying on Termes flavipes.) McKeown, K. C., 1944, rev. ed., p. 68. (Aus- tralia, ant Iridomyrmex detectus attacks and exterminates mound nests.) Martartt, C. L., 1953, p. 305. (Java, toads preying on winged termites attracted to light, climbed steps from garden to bal- cony.) Mason, C. W., 1912, pp. 1-327. (India, food of birds.) Menery, L. V., 1904, p. 207. (Termite-eating frog, Dermatonotus mulleri.) Moreau, R. E., 1935, p. 41. (Usambara, Tan- ganyika, termites most abundant in Low- land Zone; Guineafowl scratch at their workings to eat them; mostly eaten by smaller birds during flight, often on damp evenings. Birds not usually insec- tivorous will gorge on termites. Orioles, drongos, starlings, geelgats, and Falconi- dae noted taking flying termites until dark.) Myers, J. G., 1935, pp. 11-22. (Birds receive protection in termite nest, but to disad- vantage of termites.) Nancie, K. E., 1905, p. 747. (Bengalia, pre- dacious fly, India; hawking flying ter- mites 9:30 p.m., flies in large numbers, makes loud noise.) Nect, P. S., 1933, p. 1020. (India, usefulness Solenopsis geminata rufa in destroying termites.) VOL. 130 Oviepo, pE, G. F. pE VALpés, 1851-1855, p. 410. (Myrmecophaga, great anteater, Santo Domingo.) Parker, B. M., and Grecc, R. E., 1941, pp. 1-35. (Foes termites.) PemperTon, C. E., 1928, p. 147. (Thysanuran predatory on eggs and immature stages termites, Borneo, Termes in dead wood.) 1928a, pp. 148-150. (Nematodes associated with termites in Hawaii, Borneo, and Celebes.) Prey, H., 1911, pp. 243-253. (Ants and ter- mites, East Africa. Pycrart, W. P., Ed., 1931, pp. 226-236. (Larva of an African elaterid, Tetrolobus flabellicornis, inhabits termite nests, often mistaken for queen, p. 309.) Ricuarps, O. W., 1953, p- 125. (Ponerine ant Lobopelta, India, raids nests with military precision.) Romanis, R., 1883, pp. 214-215. (Toads and bats eating termites, Rangoon.) Rotuney, G. A. S., 1919, pp. lxiv-Ixvi. (Bar- rackpore, winged termites preyed on by ee reptiles, birds, frogs, insects, etc. Santscul, F., 1914, pp. 43-148. (Ants, East Africa.) Scumuvt, H., 1950, pp. 1-37. (General.) SmytTHE, E. G., 1919a, p. 138. (Eutermes morio, Porto Rico, enemies.) Snyper, T. E., 1929a, pp. 40-46. (General.) 1935€, Pp. 27, 120-127. (General; Peripatus, Panama, list native birds preying on ter- mites.) 1948, pp. 139-145. (General; list native birds preying on termites, pp. 23-24, 34, 110, 139-140.) SurcouF, J., and Guyon, L., 1912, p. 427. (Bengalia, predacious fly, west Africa.) Usincer, R. L., 1942, p. 159. (Termitaphidi- dae.) VeRNER, S. P., 1917, p. 1575. (Ant-eating ani- mals.) Wattace, A. R., 1853 (ed. 1895), p. 283. (Army ants (Eciton) eating termites, Amazon.) Wasmann, E., 1897a*, pp. 276-279. (Polybia scutellaris collecting swarming termites.) 1g10b, pp. 97-102, 129-138, 161-181. IQI5, pp. 1-413. (Living together, ants and termites. Weser, N. A., 1948, pp. 31-35. (Termite eating ant larvae (Pheidole), Africa.) 1949, pp. 1-9. (The ant (ponerine), Centro- myrmex, probably an obligatory predator on termites, Equatorial Africa.) Wueeter, W. M., 1910, (Development soldier caste depends on vitamin T; ponerine | | WHOLE VOL. ants, p. 233; Lobopelta elongata larvae, p. 235; Ophthalmopone ilgit, p. 240; Lobopelta distinguenola, p. 242.) 1918. (Ants, p. 298; Paedalgus termitolestes, n. sp., living in termite hills, predacious, p. 301.) 1919, pp. 174-175. (Metapone possibly ter- mitophagous.) 1921-1922, pp. 1-1139. (Ants of Congo pre- dacious on termites.) BIBLIOGRAPHY OF TERMITES: SUBJ ECTS—-SNYDER gI 1936, pp. 159-243. (Relations ponerine and other ants to termites; termitotharpagy, cleptobiosis, termitoxeny, termitolesty, list termitolestic ants.) Wits, F. X., 1928a, pp. 1-179. (Oriental ants prey on termites, Odontoponera transversa noteworthy, but colony little affected by attacks of these large ants.) Zietz, A., 1872, pp. 301-304. (Myrmecophaga jubata, “ant bear.”) PROTOZOA Auman, M., and SateeM, M., 1952a, p. 71. (Sur- vival period Archotermopsis wroughtont and Heterotermes indicola after removal of intestinal flagellates.) Anprew, B. J., 1930, pp. 449-470. (Method and rate of protozoan refaunation in Zootermopsis angusticollis, cannibalism and eating feces as they drop.) AnpreEw, B. J., and Licut, S. F., 1929, pp. 433-440. (Natural and artificial produc- tion of “mitotic flares” in intestinal flagel- lates, Termopsis angusticollis, normal death rate low, large Protozoa of gut lost after molting, refaunated by feeding intestinal content from faunate nymphs. Mitotic flare at height in refaunated nymphs 3 days after molting.) Anprews, J. M., 1925, pp. 69-85. (Morphology and mitosis in Trichomonas termopsidis, flagellate of Termopsis.) 1926, p. 148. (Cultivation of Trichomonas, thermal death point, anaerobic conditions, attempts at sterilization.) BecxwitH, T. D., and Ross, E. J., 1929, pp. 46. (Cellulose digestion by organisms from the termite gut.) BERNSTEIN, T., 1928, pp. 9-37. (Intestinal parasites of termites of Turkestan.) Brown, B., and Smitu, R., 1954, pp. 19-20. (Hind gut termites rich in acetic acid produced by Protozoa; defaunation causes a 50% decrease in acetic acid concentra- tion.) Brown, G. V. E., 1931, pp. 291-307. (Mor- phology of Spironympha, with description of one new species from Reticulitermes hesperus.) Brown, V. E., 1930, pp. 517-530. (Morphology Spirotrichonympha and description of two new species from Reticulitermes hageni, Georgia, S. pulchella and gracilis.) 1930a, pp. 67-80. (Hypermastigote flagel- lates from Reticulitermes, Torquenympha octoplus, n. gen., n. sp., and two new Microjoenia.) BRUNELLI, G., 1905a, pp. 718-721. (Parasitic castration; queens, containing Protozoa, with degenerating ovaries.) 1906, pp. 55-62. (Parasitic castration; queens, containing Protozoa, with de- generating ovaries.) Bucuner, P., 1928, pp. 1-64. (Wood nutri- tion and symbiosis.) Buenion, E., and Ferrizre, C., 1giia, pp. 103-104. (Ceylon, Coptotermes flavus, Trichonymphidae.) Burmeister, H., 1839*, pp. 758-768. BuscaxionI, L., and Comes, S., 1910, pp. 1-16. (Digestion by intestinal Protozoa, sym- biosis.) Catxins, G. N., and Summers, F. M., ed. 1941, pp. xli+1148. (Protozoa in bio- logical research.) Cup, H. J., in Kofoid, 1934, 2d ed., pp. 74- 46. (Effect of loss of intestinal Protozoa.) Crayton, J. W., 1954, p. 6. (Reticulitermes flavipes, U.S., defaunation studies.) CrEvELAND, L. R., 1923, pp. 444-461. (Correla- tion between food and morphology ter- mites and intestinal Protozoa.) 1923a, pp. 424-428. (Symbiosis termites and intestinal Protozoa.) 1924, pp. 178-201, 203-227. (Physiological and symbiotic relationships between in- testinal Protozoa and host, R. flavipes.) 1925, pp. 282-287. (Method by which Trichonympha campanula ingests solid particles of wood for food in intestines termites, p. 282. Ability termites to live indefinitely on diet pure cellulose, p. 280.) 1925b, pp. 295-308. (Feeding habits termite castes and relation to intestinal flagel- lates.) 1925c, pp. 309-326. (Effects of oxygenation and starvation on symbiosis between Termopsis and its intestinal Protozoa.) 1925d, pp. 455-468. (Toxicity of oxygen or Protozoa in vivo and vitra, animals defaunated without injury.) 92 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS 1925e€, pp. 32-40. (Symbiosis with Pro- tozoa. 1926, pp. 51-60. (Symbiosis with intestinal flagellates, in Mastotermitidae, Kaloter- mitidae, and Rhinotermitidae; most Ter- mitidae had no Protozoa, some cultivate fungi, eat decayed wood, or harbor in- testinal fungi or spirochaetes. Reticult- termes defaunated by incubation died without Protozoa within 3 weeks, can live on predigested cellulose, refaunated lived indefinitely on wood. Some Pro- tozoa (Trichonympha, Leidyopsis) more valuable to host termite than others, some (Streblomastix) of no value.) 1926a, pp. 168-170, (Problems which may be studied by oxygenation.) 1928, pp. 231-237. (Symbiosis with intes- tinal Protozoa and experiments with oxy- genation. Six genera termites all died after removal Protozoa, some lived longer than others. Origin symbiosis discussed. Relation spirochaetes to host and Proto- zoa considered. Data on rearing termites in laboratory.) 1938, pp. 452-455. (Mitosis in Pyrsonympha, a polymastigote from Reticulitermes.) 1947, pp. 16-17. (Sex produced in Protozoa of the roach Cryptocercus by molting.) 1948, pp. 173-177. (Protozoa, roach Crypto- cercus, termites.) CLEVELAND, L. R., and Burxe, A. W., Jr., 1951, p. 12. (Effects of temperature on oxygen toxicity for Protozoa of Crypto- cercus.) CLEVELAND, L. R., Hatt, S. R., SANvERs, E. P., and Cottier, J., 1934, pp. 185-342. (Wood-feeding roach Cryptocercus sym- biosis with Protozoa.) CLEVELAND, L. R., SANpERs, E. P., and Hatt, S. R., 1931, p. 92. (Relation Protozoa of Cryptocercus to those of termites and bearing on evolution of termites from roaches.) Corr, R. M., 1947, pp. 50-52. (Morphology and phylogenesis Mononympha and Xenonympha.) Comes, S., 1905, pp. 199-202. Ig10, pp. 11-19. (Lophophora vacuolata, n. gen., nm. sp., intestinal flagellate ter- mites.) 1gl0a, pp. 20-29. (Sexual dimorphism in Dinenympha gracilis.) 1914, pp. 15-17. (Morphology and repro- duction of Monoceromonas termitis.) 1947, pp. I-15. (Symbiosis, termites and intestinal flagellates.) ConneELL, F. H., 1930, pp. 51-66. (Morphology VOL. 130 and life cycle Oxymonas dimorpha, n. sp., from Neotermes simplicicornis.) 1932, pp. 153-188. (Gigantomonas lighti, n. sp., trichomonid flagellate from Para- neotermes simplicicornis.) Cook, S. F., and Smiru, R. E., 1942, pp. 211- 219. (Metabolic relations in the termite, Protozoa symbiosis, temperature effects.) Cross, J. B., 1941, pp. 379-403. (Oxymonas minor from Kalotermes minor, percent- age in sections from intestine ranges from 30.6 to 85%; life cycle.) 1946, pp. 67-162. (Flagellate subfamily Oxymonadinae.) Cupp, E. E., 1930, pp. 351-378. (Spirotricho- nympha polygrapha from Neotermes sim- plicicornis.) Cutter, D. W., 1919-1921, pp. 555-588, 383- 411, 247-264. (Protozoa parasitic in hind gut 1920*, pp. 62-70. (Australia.) McKeown, K. C., 1944, 2d rev. ed., pp. 63- 69. (Australia.) Mitrer, D., 1939, pp. 57-65. (New Zealand.) 1940-1941, pp. 333-334. (New Zealand.) Myoserc, E., 1920* ¢, pp. 1-128. (Australia.) Nicuots, A. G., 1928-1929*, pp. 19-22. (West- ern Australia.) RatcuirrE, F. N., Gay, F. J., and Greaves, T., 1952, pp. 1-124. (Australia.) Sitvestri, F., 1909*, pp. 279-314. (SW. Aus- tralia.) Tittyarp, R. J., 1926, pp. 100-106. (Aus- tralia, New Zealand.) Tryon, H., 1887, pp. 119-123. (Queensland, Australia.) Wasmann, E., 1gooa*, p. tralia.) WeppELL, J. A., 1933, Pp. 20-24. (Queens- land.) Wuirte, A., im Richardson and Gray, 1874, pp. 1-25. (New Zealand.) Witson, H. B., 1952, pp. 471-472. Victoria, Australia.) 244. (W. Aus- (South ZOOGEOGRAPHICAL REGIONS: ETHIOPIAN AutBerT, H., 1951, pp. 9-174. (West Africa.) AnonyMous, 1864, p. 310. (St. Helena.) 1950a, pp. 1-218. (South Africa.) Bequaert, J. C., 1913, pp. 396-431. (Belgian Congo.) 1930, in Strong, 1930, pp. 819-823. (Liberia, Belgian Congo.) Capra, F., 1935, pp- 44-46. (Abyssinia.) Cipriani, L., 1932, pp. 126-131. (Rhodesia.) Coaton, W. G. H., 1947, pp. 130-177. (South Africa.) 1948, pp. 1-19. (South Africa.) 1948b, pp. 1-18. (South Africa.) 1948d, pp. 1-38. (South Africa.) 1g4gbt, pp. 13-77. (South Africa.) 1950a, pp. 3-32. (South Africa, Zululand.) Cosar, H. G., 1934, pp. 5-36. (Africa.) Desneux, J., 1904a*, pp. 148-149. (Cam- eroon.) 1906*, pp. 355-356. (San Thomé.) 1918*, p. 307. (Congo.) 1950, p. 735. (Congo.) Emerson, A. E., 1928* +, pp. 401-574. (Bel- gian Congo, Cameroon. 1942*, pp. 1-12. (South Africa.) 1947*, pp. 127-129. (South Africa.) 1951, pp. 149-160. (Belgian Congo.) 1952, Pp. 217-225. 1952a, Pp. 333-354. (Belgian Congo.) Escuericu, K., 1g08a, pp. 247-248. (Ery- threa.) Items marked with an asterisk should be looked for in Snyder, T. E., 1949, Catalog of the Termites of the World, Smithsonian Mise. Coll., vol. 112, pp. 1-490. See also subject headings Distribution and Taxonomy. Items marked with a dagger are regional monographs. WHOLE VOL. Fasricius, J. C., 1781*, pp. 395-397. 1787*, p. 248. 1793*, pp- 87, 88, 90, 91. Futter, C., 1gr5a*, pp. 329-505. (South Af- rica.) 192I-1922* ¢, pp. 14-52, 70-131. Africa.) 1925, pp. 269-276. (South Africa, North- ern Zululand.) 1925a*t, pp. 167-246. (South Africa.) 1927*, pp. 130-142. (South Africa.) GersTACKER, A., 1891, pp. 183-191. Africa.) Guipint, G. M., 1938*, pp. 221-235. (Italian East Africa.) 1939b, pp. 185-193. (Ethiopia.) 1941*, pp. 30-34. (Ethiopia.) Grassé, P. P., 1936, pp. 265-306. (French West Africa.) 1937a* +, pp. 1-100. (French West Africa.) 1943*, pp. 71-82. Ivory Coast.) 1945-1947*, Pp. 97-171. 1949, Pp. 408-544. GrassE, P. P., and Norrot, C., 1948, pp. 735- 736. 1952, Pp. 291-342. Hacen, H. A., 1853*, pp. 479-481. (Mossam- bique.) 1862*, pp. 57-89. (Mossambique.) Harris, W. V., 1936*, pp. 361-368. (Tan- ganyika Territory.) 1940, pp. 62-66. (East Africa.) I9g4I, pp. 201-205. (East Africa.) 1946*, pp. 67-68. (British Somaliland.) 1948*, pp. 73-83. (Uganda.) 1950, pp. 50-52. (East Africa.) IQ5I, pp. 25-28. (East Africa.) 1951a, pp. 60-62. (East Africa.) 1953, pp. 13-14. (St. Helena.) Havitanp, G. D., 1898*, pp. 358-442. (South Africa.) Hoimcren, N., 1913d*, pp. 321-366. (Natal and Zululand.) Txuicer, K., 1805, pp. 232-234. (Africa.) Jack, R. W., 1913, pp. 1-16. (Rhodesia.) Jucct, C., 1937, pp. 300-308. (Italian East Africa.) Koxsz, H. J., 1887, pp. 70-74. (South Africa.) LatreiLie, P. A., 1804*, pp. 49, 59, 63. Layarp, E. L., 1866, p. xii. (St. Helena.) Linnaeus, C. von, 1788-1793*, pp. 2911-2913. Lucas, H., 1851, pp. I-li. (Senegal.) McLacutan, R., 1869, p. xiii. (St. Helena.) 1874, pp. 15-16. (Zanzibar.) 1878, p. xii. (Africa, Cuba.) Morstatt, H., 1913, pp. 130-141, 443-464. (East Africa.) (South (East BIBLIOGRAPHY OF TERMITES: 139 SUBJ ECTS—SNYDER Pao, G., 1934, pp. 1-427. (Italian Somali- land. Patrerson, W. H., 1927, pp. 35-39. (Gold Coast.) Pomeroy, A. W. J., 1927, pp. 1-21. (Accra and Achinots, Gold Coast.) Rerzius, A. J., 1783*, p. 200. Rosen, K. von, 1912*, p. 227 (221-232.) (Li- beria.) SavacE, T. S., 1849, pp. 211-221. (West Af- rica. Scumirz, H., 1915*, pp. 119-124. (Belgian Congo.) I9gI7*, pp. 225-231. (Belgian Congo.) SraBra, A. F. DE, 1917, pp. 24-28. Thomé.) 1919, PP. 1-43, 5-40. 1921, pp. 83-119. (San Thomé.) 1922, pp. 78-87. (San Thomé.) 1922a*, pp. 50-53. (San Thomé.) 1922b*, pp. 72-74. (San Thomé.) SitvesTRI, F., 1906*, pp. 341-359. (Eritrea.) 1908*, pp. 71-82. (West and Central South Africa.) 1909a*, pp. 317-318. (South Africa, Sudan, tropical Africa.) 1912*, pp. 211-255. (Portuguese Guinea and San Thomé.) 1912a*, pp. 1-5. (Equatorial Africa.) 1914-1915* t, pp. 1-146. (Western Africa.) 1918*, pp. 287-346. (Western Africa.) 1918a*, pp. 347-351. (Eritrea.) 1920a*, pp. 265-318. (Western Africa.) 1928*, pp. 91-95. (Abyssinia and South Africa.) 1936*, pp. 203-205. (St. Helena.) SyostEDT, Y., 1926* +, pp. 1-419. (Africa.) 1926a*, pp. 1-5. (Gold Coast.) 1926b*, pp. 140-164. (Congo.) 1926c*, pp. 238-246. (Accra.) 1926d*, pp. 71-76. (Anglo-Egyptian Su- an. 1927*, pp. 97-104. (Somaliland.) 1927a*, p. 169. (Belgian Congo.) Sxairx, S. H., 1954, pp. 251-271. (The Cape, South Africa.) 1954, p. 130. (South Africa.) 1954a, pp. 41-67. (Africa.) SMEATHMAN, H., 1781, pp. 139-192. (Africa.) SparrMan, A., 1783, p. 381. (South Africa.) Syxes, M. L., 1900, pp. 85-91. (West Africa.) Temsprock, G., 1944, pp. 149-195. (Africa.) TuEosap, F. V., 1903, pp. 158-163. (Sudan.) TrAcArpu, I., r904* +, pp. 1-47. (Sudan.) VayssiErE, P., and Mimevr, J., 1925, pp. 89- ‘go. (French West Africa.) Vocet, Dr., 1854, p. 71. (Tsad-See.) Warren, E., 1909, pp. 113-128. (Natal.) (San 140 1909a, pp. 239-247. (Natal.) 1919, pp. 93-112. (South Africa.) Wasmann, E., 1897* +, pp. 137-182. (East Africa.) 1904a*, p. 673. (Upper Congo.) 1906", p. 573. 1gita*, pp. 9-117, 145-176. (Upper Congo.) 1912*, pp. 70-115. (Tanganyika.) SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 130 Weatz, J. P. M., 1878, pp. viii-x (South Africa.) Westropp, F. G. M., 1937, p. 580. (Lake Rudolph, Rift Valley, Tanganyika.) Wirxinson, H., 1939, p. 80. (Kenya.) WILKINSON, W., 1954, pp. 75-82. (East Af- rica.) Wiis, R. M. C., 1954, pp. 215-227. (East Africa.) ZOOGEOGRAPHICAL REGIONS: INDO-MALAYAN Ase, Y., 1937, pp. 463-472. (Japan.) Aumap, M., 1947*, pp. 1-7. (Indo-Malaya.) 1949, pp. 1-11. (Indo-Malaya.) 1952, p. 71. (India, Pakistan.) ANNANDALE, N., 1923, pp. 233-251. (Barkuda, India.) ANONYMOUS, IQII, pp. 273-274. (Ceylon.) 1913, pp. 7-15. (Ceylon.) AssMUTH, J., 1927, pp. 171-173. India.) AucrorEs, 1952, pp. 87-88. (Japan.) BATHELLIER, J., 1927*, pp. 125-365. (Indo- China.) Beavan, R. C., 1868, pp. 381-383. (India.) Brgson, C. F. C., 1941a, pp. 524-553. (India.) Bussy, F. F., 1947, p. 79. (Philippines.) Boys, W. J. E., 1846, pp. cli-clii. (India.) Brauer, F., 1866*, pp. 45-49. (Nicobar Is- lands.) Buenton, E., 1909, pp. 509-511. (Ceylon.) 1910a, pp. 129-144. (Ceylon.) tg10b, pp. 103-105. (Ceylon.) I9It, pp. 383-395. (Ceylon.) 1912*, pp. 487-505. (Ceylon.) 1913b, pp. 119-123. (Ceylon.) 1913e, pp. 165-172. (Indo-Malaya.) 1913f, pp. 24-58. (Ceylon.) 1913g*, pp. 299-330. (Ceylon.) 1914, pp. 39-47. (Ceylon.) 1914a*, pp. 149-154, 155-162. (Ceylon.) 1914b*, pp. 193-200. (Ceylon.) 1933, Pp. 195-206. (Ceylon.) Buenton, E., and Ferrikre, C., 1911, pp. 417- 437. (Ceylon.) 1gtta*, pp. 97-106. (Ceylon.) Bucnion, E., and Poporr, N., 1g10a*, pp. 124-143. (Ceylon.) Bucnion, E., Poporr, N., and Ferriére, C., Ig1I, pp. 86-96. (Ceylon.) BuTTEL-REEPEN, H. von, I912, pp. 97-103. (Ceylon.) Cuavunnry, G. U., 1954, pp. 31-32. (Pakistan.) DaMMERMAN, K. W., 1I913a, pp. 230-243. (Java.) ? I915*, pp. 98-100. (Java.) 1948, pp. 490-491. (Krakatau.) (British DesneEux, J., 1904*, pp. 445-446. (India.) 1904a*, p. 146. Ceylon, p. 148. (Annam.) 1906, PP. 344-355, 356-360. (India.) 1906a*, pp. 293-298. (Kashmir, India.) 1908*, pp. 388, 390-394. (Ceylon and India.) Dévertein, L., 1881, pp. 211, 212. (Japan.) Esax1, T., 1937, pp- 344-346. (Japan.) 1954, p. 88. (Japan.) ea K., 1911*, pp. xxxii+262. (Cey- lon. Frercuer, T. B., 1912*, pp. 219-239. (India.) 1914, pp. xxii+565. (India.) 1916, p. 39. (India.) Foxwortny, F. E., and Woorry, H. W., 1930, pp. 1-60. (Malaya.) FRAUENFELD, G. R., 1868, p. 291. (Nicobars.) Garpner, J. C. M., 1945*, pp. 103-110. (India and Burma.) GNANAMUTHU, C. P., 1947, pp. (Krusadai Island, India.) Green, E. E., 1908, pp. 75-82. (Ceylon.) 1913*, pp. 7-15. (Ceylon.) HaceEn, a A., 1858b*, pp. 471-478. (Cey- lon. 1859*, pp. 199-212. (Ceylon.) Hatt, H. C. van, 1867, p. 381. (East Indies.) Havitanp, G. D., 1898* +, pp. 358-442. (Ma- lay Peninsula and Borneo.) Hitt-Gisson, C. A., 1947, pp. 56-57. (Christ- mas Island, Indian Ocean. 1950, pp. 149-165. (Cocos-Keeling Islands.) Horrman, W. E., 1938, pp. 439-460. (Island of Hainan, China. Hormeren, K. and N., 1917* t, pp. 138-171. (India.) Hotmcren, N., 1gt1c* +, 72 Escherich, 1911, pp. 185-212. (Ceylon.) 1g12a*, pp. 107-136. (Japan.) 1912b*, pp. 774-793. (British India.) 1913*, pp. 277-284. (Ceylon.) 1913a*, pp. 101-117. (British India.) 1913b* +, pp. 1-276. (Indo-Malaya.) 1913-14* +, pp. 229-290. (East Indies.) Hoon, R. C., and Tatwar, K. N., 1950, pp. 179-186. (India.) 154-155. WHOLE VOL. Horn, W., 1899, pp. 129-136, 225-236, 385- 397. (Ceylon.) Hozawa, S., 1915* +, pp. 1-161. (Japan and Formosa.) Huprixar, S. B., 1911, pp. 103-114. (Bhor- Ghats, India.) Hutson, J. C., 1923, pp. 291-298. (Ceylon.) Jepson, F. P., 1926, pp. 67-79. (Ceylon.) 1927, pp. 19-21. (Ceylon.) 1931, Pp. 579-596. (Ceylon.) Joun, O., 1913*, pp. 102-116. (Ceylon.) 1925* +, pp. 360-419. (Indo-Malaya.) Katsnoven, L. G. E., 1930* t, pp. vili+154. (Java.) 1934, pp. cliv-clv. (East Indies.) 1935, pp. 21-22. (East Indies.) 1936, pp. 50-51. (East Indies.) 1936a, Pp. 427-435. (Java.) 1950, pp. 146-147. (Indonesia.) Kemner, N. A., 1925*, pp. 1-6. (China.) 1926*, pp. 379-392. (Ccylon.) 1930*, pp. 298-324. (Sumatra.) 1932a*, pp. 133-155. (Indo-Malaya.) 1933*, pp. 19-29. (Dutch East Indies.) 1934* t+, pp. 1-241. (Java and Celebes.) Koenie, J. G., 1779*, pp. 1-28. Kore, H. J., 1885*, pp. 145-150. (Japan.) La Crorx, E. bE, 1900, pp. 22-23. (Indo- Malaya.) Lat, R., and Menon, R. D., 1953, pp. 1-94. (India, Burma, Ceylon, 157 species.) Lerroy, H. M. and Howtett, F. M., 1909, pp. 115-121. (India.) Lever, R. J. A. W., 1952, pp. 214-217. (Singa- pore.) Licut, S. F., 1921* t, pp. 243-257. (Philip- pines.) 1g21a* +, pp. 23-63. (Philippines.) 1924* f, pp. 50-60, 140-142, 242-254, 354- 358. (China.) 1929* +, pp. 421-452. (Philippines.) 1930a* +, pp. 13-58. (Philippines.) 1931*, pp. 581-600. (China.) 1934, in Kofoid, p. 350. (Philippines.) 1937*, pp. 15-24. (Ceylon and Java.) Licut, S. F., and Witson, F. J., 1936* +, pp. 461-520. (Philippines.) Marcu, A. W., 1933, pp. 157-163. China.) MarcaBanpuu, V., 1934*, pp. 700-714. (India, Ceylon.) 1935*, pp. 208-209. (India, Ceylon.) Martsumuru, S., 1931*, pp. 1406-1414. (Japa- nese Empire.) Nawa, U., 1910*, pp. 547-552. (Japan.) 1910a*, pp. 597-600. (Japan.) IgI1*, pp. 12-16. (Japan.) TQII, pp. 94-99. (Loo-Choo.) (East BIBLIOGRAPHY OF TERMITES: SUBJ ECTS—-SNYDER I4I IgI1a, pp. 194-195. (Japan.) Igita*, pp. 280-284. (Japan.) 1gttb*, pp. 413-417. (Formosa.) I9g12*, pp. 17-19. (Japan.) 1912, pp. 221-223. (Japan.) Igi2a, pp. 313-316. (Japan.) 1912b, pp. 440-444. (Japan.) Nierner, J., 1857, pp. 36-41. (Ceylon.) Oxanpa, T., 1912, pp. 17-18. (Japan.) Osuima, M., 1908*, pp. 512-517. (Japan.) I910*, pp. 343-346, 376-382, 411-413. (For- mosa. 1g10a*, pp. 413-416. (Japan.) Igtta*, pp. 355-363. (Japan.) 1913*, pp. 271-280. (Japan.) 1913a*, pp. 283-286. (Singapore.) 1914*, pp. 289-292. (Japan.) 1914b*, pp. 553-585. (East Indian Archi- pelago.) 1916*, pp. 351-369. (Philippines.) 1917a*, pp. 221-225. (Philippines.) 1917b*, pp. 5-7. (China.) 1920a*, pp. 489-512. (Philippines.) 1923*, pp. 1-20. (Indo-Malaya.) Osuima, M., and Mak1, M., 1919*, pp. 435- 439. (Japan.) Panoca, G. A., 1936, pp. 233-265. (Philip- pines.) PenpLesury, H. M., 1930, pp. 45-56. (Ma- laya.) Prtcn, T., 1913a, pp. 395-420. (Ceylon.) Pinto, M. P. D., ro4rt, pp. 73-105. (Ceylon.) Pratt, H., 1908, pp. 1-12. (Federated Malay States.) RapciiFFE, E., 1904*, pp. 412-414. (India.) Ropon, G. S., 1900, pp. 363-364. (India.) Romanis, R., 1883, pp. 214-215. (Rangoon, Burma.) Roonwal, M. L., 1953, pp. 115-118. (North India.) Roonwat, M. L., and Pant, G. D., 1953, pp. 1-39. (India.) RuTHERFoRD, A., 1914, pp. 305-307. (Ceylon.) Sarwar, M. S., 1940*, p. 144. (Punjab, India.) 1940b*, p. 144. (India.) t940c*, p. 144. (Punjab, India.) Scumitz, H., 1924*, pp. 289-304. (India.) SEoANE, V. L., 1878, pp. ccxxv-ccxxvii. (Philippines.) 1879, pp. xiv-xv. (Philippines.) 1895a, pp. xix-xx. (Borneo.) Suiraki, T., 1909* t, pp. 229-242. (Japan.) 1910, pp. vi+331. (Formosa.) 1952, p. 15. (Japan.) SitvesTRI, F., 1922* t, pp. 535-546. (Indo-Ma- laya.) 142 1923* +, pp. 221-232. (Barkuda Island, In- dia.) 1947*, pp. 13-40. (Indo-China.) SNELLEMAN, J. F., 1886, pp. 23-24. (Sumatra.) Snyper, T. E., 1923*, pp. 107-109. (China.) 1931*, pp. 531-580. (China.) 1933", Pp- 91-93. (India.) 1933a*, pp. 1-15. (India.) 1934a* +, pp. 1-28. (India, keys to genera.) VetH, P. J., 1875, pp. Ixxxviii-lxxxix. (East Indian Archipelago.) Wasmann, E., 1893*, pp. 239-247. (Ceylon.) 1896*, pp. 613-630. (Burma, India.) 1896a", pp. 149-152. (India.) SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 130 1900*, p. 402. (India.) 1902*, pp. 79-80. (Ceylon.) 1902b* +, pp. 99-164. (Ceylon.) 1922*, p. 38. (Java.) Wits, F. X., 1928, pp. 53-118. (Philip- pines.) Wu, C. F., 1935*, pp. 217-222. (China.) Yano, M., 1910, pp. 601-602. (Japan.) 1gtoa, pp. 177-178. (Japan.) IgIi*, pp. 11-15. (Japan.) Igt1a*, pp. 364-368. (Japan.) 1g11b*, pp. 401-405. (Japan.) 1913, pp. 109-129. (Japan.) 1915, p. 62. (Formosa.) ZOOGEOGRAPHICAL REGIONS: MALAGASY Cacuan, P., (Mada- gascar. 1951, pp. 1-18. (Madagascar.) Emerson, A. E., 1950, pp. I-15. (Mada- 1949t, Pp. 177-275. gascar.) Hotmcren, N., 1909a*, pp. 1-24. (Mada- gascar.) Igtoa*, pp. 135-148. (Seychelles and Alda- ra. Kotrar, V., 1858, pp. 339-343. (Mauritius and Madagascar.) Mamet, R., and Durocer-Yvon, F., 1942, Pp. 197-207. (Isle Maurice.) Mout, A., 1936*, pp. I-30. (Mauritius.) ZOOGEOGRAPHICAL srry A. E., 1936, p. 34. (Ithaca, N.Y., oO. ANoNyMous, 1891, p. 471. US.) Banks, N., 1906*, pp. 336-337. Arizona, U.S.) 1907*, pp. 392-393. (Virginia, U.S.) Banks, N., and Snyper, T. E., 1920* +, pp. 1-228. (U.S. and Canada.) — BEALL, ve 1931, pp. 33-35- (British Colum- (Pacific Coast, (Florida, ia. BLAKE, 5 H., 1937, pp. 3-9. (New England, US Bucktey, S. B., 1863*, pp. 212-215. (Texas, USS.) CastLe, G. B., 1934, im Kofoid, 2d ed., pp. 273-275. (Western U.S.) 1944, p. 64. (Montana, U.S.) Desneux, J., 1906*, pp. 338-343. (Texas, US.) Dietz, H. F., 1921, pp. 87-96. (Indiana, US.) 1924, pp. 299-301. (Indiana, U.S.) Moutia, A., and Mamet, R., 1946, pp. 439- 472. (Mauritius.) 1947, pp. 1-43. (Mauritius.) Pauian, R., 1951, p. 18. (Madagascar.) Rampvr, J. P., 1842*, pp. 1-534. Sj6stept, Y., 1904* +, pp. I-120. 1924c*, pp. 490-494. 1925*, pp. 53-55. (Madagascar.) 1926*, pp. I-419. Snyper, T. E., 1926e*, p. 143. (Mauritius.) VESEY-FITZGERALD, D., 1941, pp. 153-160. (Seychelles.) Wasmann, E., 1893*, pp. 239-247. (Mada- gascar.) 1897*, pp. 137-182. (Madagascar.) 1g10a*, pp. 115-127. (Comoro Islands.) REGIONS: NEARCTIC Dosson, R. J., 1918, p. 99. (Boston area, US) Emerson, A. E., 1933*, pp. 165-196. (West- ern U.S.) 1936, pp. 410-411. (U.S.) 1943*, pp. 18-22. (Forida, U.S.) Emerson, A. E., and Mitzer, E. M., 1943, pp. 184-187. (Florida, U.S.) 1944, pp. 108-109. (Florida, U.S.) Forses, S. A., 1895, pp. 190-204. (Illinois, US.) Gorttner, E. J., 1931*, pp. 227-234. (Indi- ana, Michigan, U.S.) Hacen, H. A., 1861*, pp. 1-7. (North Amer- ica.) 1872*, pp. 277-278. (North America.) 1874*, pp. 571-573. (Colorado, U.S.) 1877, p. 73. (California, U.S.) Harvey, P. A., in Kofoid, 1934, 2d ed., pp. 217-233, 239-255. (California, U.S.) 1939, pp. 1-41. (California, U.S.) WHOLE VOL. Hutton, W. A., 1919, p. 41. (California, U:S,) Howarp, L. O., 1902, p. 5. (U.S.) Huncerrorp, H. B., 1935, p. 24. (Kansas, U.S.) Jarcer, E. C., 1933, pp. 48-49. (California desert, U.S.) Korrar, V., 1837*, p. 411. (North America.) Leonarp, M. D., 1928, p. 38. (New York, EIS.) Licut, S. F., 1930b*, pp. 454-455. (California, U.S.) 1930c*, pp. 173-214. (California, U.S.) 1931a*, pp. 5-9. (Nevada, U.S.) 1932*, pp. 355-414. (Southwestern U.S.) 1934*, pp. 159-160. (Arizona, U.S.) 1934t, in Kofoid, 2d ed. (States, U.S., pp. 127-135; North America, pp. 199-205, 206-209, 210-212, 215-216, 266-268; US., Pp. 311-312.) 1937a*, pp. 423-464. western U.S.) Licnt, S. F., and Pickens, A. L., 7» Kofoid, 1934, 2d ed., pp. 150-156. (North Amer- ica. McDaniz1, E. I., 1934, pp. 1-14. (Michigan, USS.) Miter, A. E., 1926, pp. 1-8. (Illinois, U.S.) 1928, pp. 1-12. (Illinois, U.S.) Miter, E. M., 1943*, pp. 5-8. US;) 1949, pp. 1-30. (Florida, U.S.) Mitter, E. M., and Miter, D. B., 1943¢, pp. 1or-107. (Florida, U.S.) Nicuots, E. R., 1929, p. 123. (Southern Cali- fornia, U.S.) Osporn, H., 1898, p. 231. (Iowa, U.S.) OsTEN-SacKEN, R., 1877, pp. 72-73. (Cali- fornia, U.S.) Pacxarp, A. S., 1883, pp. 326-329. (U.S.) Packarp, C. E., 1936, p. 575. (U.S.) Park, & 1929, pp. 121-126. (Chicago area, US. (California, south- (Florida, Pickens, A. L., 1932, pp. 178-180. (U.S.) 1934, im Kofoid, 2d ed. pp. 157-159. (North America.) Pickens, A. L., and Lieut, S. F., 72 Kofoid, oy 2d ed., pp. 196-198. (North Amer- ica. Ress, D. M., and Gaurin, A. R., 1939, pp. 3-7, (Utah, U.S.) SaFForp, W. E., 1919, pp. 377-434. (Florida Everglades (Paradise Key), U.S see, E. A., 1896, pp. 38-41. (SW. Texas, US. StmEonNE, J. B., 1954, pp. 661-663. (New York State, U.S.) BIBLIOGRAPHY OF TERMITES: SUBJ ECTS—-SNYDER 143 Simpson, C. T., 1916, pp. 5-9. (Florida, US.) Situ, J. B., 1910, p. 49. (New Jersey, U.S.) SmitTH, R. C., 1943, pp. 140-142. (Kansas, USS.) Snyper, T. E., 1915, pp. 13-85. (Eastern U.S.) 1920*, pp. 38, go. (Arizona, U.S.) 1920, 7m (Banks and) Snyder, 1920* +. (North Florida, p. 22; U.S., pp. 87-213.) 1924d, pp. 207-209. (Virginia, U.S.) 1925*, pp. 149-166. (U.S., particularly Colo- rado, fossil.) 1g25a*, p. 14. (U.S., Virginia.) 1926b, pp. 1-6. (U.S.) 1926c*, pp. 389-397. (Arizona, U.S.) 1931*, zn Carpenter, p. 317. (Washington, U.S., fossil.) 1933b*, pp. 67-69. (Florida, U.S.) 19341, in Kofoid, 2d ed., pp. 187-192, 269- 272. (Eastern U.S.) 1937, pp. 26-33. (Louisiana, U.S.) 1938*, im Carpenter, pp. 109-II0. rado, U.S., fossil.) 1948, pp. 232-235. (U.S.) 1949a, pp. 164-165. (Washington, U.S., fossil. 1950a, pp. 85-93. (Eastern U.S.) 1950b, pp. 190-193. (U.S., fossil.) 1952a, p. 56. (Pennsylvania, U.S.) 19526, pp.) 23,26: .(US;) 1952g, pp. 14, 16, 18. (Survey, U.S. 1917.) 1953, pp. 27-28. (U.S.) 1953a, p. 40. (U-S.) 1954bt, pp. 1-64. (U.S. and Canada.) Spencer, G. J., 1937, pp. 42-43. (British Columbia.) 1945, p. 21. (British Columbia.) Sumner, E. C., 1933*, pp. 197-229. (North America.) Tuompson, W. L., 1933, pp. 84-87. (Florida, US) 1934, pp. 33-39. (Florida, U.S.) Townsenp, C. H. T., 1893*, pp. 139-141. (New Mexico, U.S.) Trenerne, H. S., 1878, pp. 74-75. (Mani- toba.) Urgunart, F. A., 1953, pp. 292-293. (Can- ada. i 1954, p. 576. (Ontario, Canada, Reticuli- termes flavipes, Kincardine, Bruce Co.) Watker, F., 1853*, pp. 501-529. Wasmanv, E., 1902b*, p. 123. (Texas, U.S.) Watson, E. B., 1948, pp. 1-2. (Toronto, On- tario, Canada.) Wituiams, O. L., zn Kofoid, 1934, 2d ed., pp. 42-49. (U.S.) (Colo- 144 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 130 ZOOGEOGRAPHICAL REGIONS: NEOTROPICAL Apamson, A. M., 1937*, pp. 141-149. (Trini- dad.) 1938, pp. 220-224. (Lesser Antilles.) 1940a, pp. 12-15. (Trinidad and Tobago.) 1946, pp. 221-223. (Trinidad and Tobago.) 1948, pp. 53-55. (Lesser Antilles.) ANONYMoUs, 1914, p. 74. (Antigua, Porto Rico.) Banks, N., 1901*, pp. 541-546. (Galapagos Islands.) 1918*, pp. 659-667. (Panama and British Guiana. 1919*, pp. 475-489. (West Indies.) Barreto, C. T., 1923, pp. 106-109. (Cuba.) Bates, H. W., 1855, 1858, p. 4551. (Ama- zon. Beatry, H. A., Rico.) Becker, G., 1953, pp. 3-4. (Guatemala.) 1953a, PP. 339-373. (Guatemala.) Bequaert, J., 1925, pp. 289-204. (Amazon.) Bere, C., 1880*, pp. 1-16. (South America.) 1944, pp. 118-119. (Puerto BLANCHARD, ES 1847*, pp. 1-222. (Middle America.) 1851*, pp. 87-91. (Chile.) Burmeister, H. C. C., 1839*. (Puerto Rico, p. 764; Brazil, p. 766.) Cattiot, J., 1877, pp. 392-397. (South Amer- ica. Carvin, P. G., 1918, pp. 58-61. (Cuba.) Costa ve A. DA, 1937*, pp. 38-41. (Bra- zil. 1938*, pp. 359-362. (Brazil.) 19391, pp. 263-327. (Brazil.) 1942*, pp. 1-4. (Brazil.) Dance, C. D., 1881, pp. 159-161. (British Guiana.) Desnevx, J., 1904a*, pp. 146-147. (Surinam.) rg04c*. (Brazil, pp. 286-287; Mariquita, South America, pp. 287-288; Mexico, p. 288.) 1906*. (Chile, p. 337; Ecuador, pp. 357- 359.) 1906, pp. 393-407. (Cuba.) Dietz, H. F., and Snyper, T. E., 1924*, pp. 279-302. (Panama.) Dixon, W. B., 1946, pp. 31-34. (Jamaica.) Duptey, P. H., and Beaumont, J., 1889* t, pp. 85-114. (Panama.) 1889a*, pp. 56-70, 111-112. (Panama.) 1890*, pp. 157-180. (Panama.) 1890a*, pp. 102-118. (Panama.) D’Urra, G. R. P., 1905, pp. 1-10. (Brazil.) Emerson, A. E., 1924*, pp. 392-394. (Juan Fernandez and Easter Islands. 1925* +, pp. 291-459. (British Guiana.) 1935"; pp. 369-395. (British Guiana.) 1943"; pp. 18-22. (Jamaica.) 1945* t Pp. 427-472. (South America.) 1950, pp. I-15. (South America.) 1952bt, pp. 486-487, 506-510. (Central and South America. Ericuson, W. F., 1848*, pp. 582-583. (British Guiana.) Fennan, R. G., 1951, pp. 97-113. (Trinidad and Tobago. Goetscu, W., 1930. (Chile.) 1933*. (Chile, pp. 225-243; Juan Fernandez Island, pp. 227-244.) Gourgau, C., 1851, pp. xL-xli. (Antilles.) Gunpiacu, J., 1886, pp. 204-208. (Cuba.) 1894, p. 264. (Puerto Rico.) Hacen, H. A., 1858b, p. 270. (Amazon.) 1861a*, pp. 1-7. (South America.) Hacen, W. von, 1937, 1938, pp. 46, 39-49. (Middle and South America.) Hapeman, S. S., 1853*, p. 365. (Mexico.) Haywarp, K. J., 1942, p. 50. (Tucuman, Argentina.) Hormeren, N., 1906* +, pp. 521-676. (South America. ; 1g10b* +, pp. 171-325. (South America.) Hussarp, H. G., 1877, pp. 267-274. (Ja- maica.) Jaume, Micuret L., 1954, pp. 1163-1182. (Cuba.) Joun, O., 1920* t, pp. 227-234. (South Amer- ica. LaTRELE, P.".A.,. 1804*, pp: 49; 59; 63. (Brazil.) 1811-1832*, p. 111. (Mexico.) L’Herminigr, F. L., 1837, pp. 497-513. (Guadeloupe.) Licut, S. F., 1929*, pp. 67-72. (Lower Cali- fornia. 1930*, pp. 178-180. (Socorro Island.) 1930d*, Ppp. 215-232. (Mexico.) 1933* t, pp. 79-164. (Western Mexico.) 1934, in Kofoid, 2d ed., pp. 120-124, 203- 205, 208-209, 337-338, 338-339. (Mexico.) 1935*, Pp. 233-256. (Galapagos and west coast Mexico and Costa Rica.) Linnakus, C. von, 1758*, p. 609. McLacutan, R., 1878, p. xii. (Cuba.) MarsHatt, T. A., 1878, pp. xXxXvii-xxxviii. (Windward Islands.) Martinez, E. A., 1939, pp. 49-50. (Peru.) MarroreLt, L. F., 1939, pp. 184-185. (Vene- zuela.) Maynarp, C. J., 1888, pp. 111-113. (Ba- hamas.) MemprENo, A., 1912, p. 25. (Mexico.) WHOLE VOL. Monte, O., 1931*, pp. 69-70. (Brazil.) MotscHuLsky, V. DE, 1855*, p. I0. ama.) MuE ter, F., 1871*, pp. 205-206. (Brazil.) 1873-1875* +, pp. 333-358, 451-463. (South America. Ovievo, vE, G. F. pe Vaxpés, 1851, pp. 450- 453. (Santo Domingo.) Perty, M., 1830-1834*, pp. 19-20, 127-129. (Brazil.) Pout, I. E., and Kottar, V., 1832*, pp. 1-20. (Brazil.) See Korrar 1832*. Ramevr, P., 1842*, pp. 306, 307. (South America.) Ramos, J., 1946, pp. 12-13. (Mona Island.) RosenscHotp, E. M. af., 1849, pp. 59-62. (Pan- (Paraguay. ) ScHomsurck, R. H., 1847, p. 647. (Bar- bados.) Sirvestri, F., 1901*, pp. 1-8. (South Amer- ica.) 1902, pp. 173-178, 257-260, 289-293, 326- 335. (South America.) 1903* +, pp. 1-234. (South America.) 1904, pp. 353-378. (South America.) 1923b*, pp. 307-321. (British Guiana.) 1946*, pp. 1-14. (Brazil.) Snyper, T. E., 1922*, pp. 1-32. (Central and South America and the Antilles.) 1923a*, pp. 89-94. (Puerto Rico.) 1923b*, pp. 126-131. (Canal Zone, Pan- ama. 1924*, pp. 20-24. (Panama, Cuba.) 1924a*, pp. 43-45. (Panama.) 1924b*, pp. 83-86. (Panama.) 1924c*, pp. 1-40. (Central and South America and the Antilles.) 1924d*, pp. 131-132. (Puerto Rico.) 1924e*, p. 196. (Panama.) 1925*, pp. 179-193. (Canal Zone, Panama.) 1925b*, pp. 152-162. (Middle and South America. 1925c*, pp. 197-200. (Panama.) BIBLIOGRAPHY OF TERMITES: SUBJ ECTS—SNYDER 145 1925d*, p. 89. (Panama.) 1925e*, pp. 105-106. (Cuba.) 1926*, pp. 18-28. (Guatemala, Costa Rica, and Colombia.) 1926a*, pp. 7-16. (Panama, Costa Rica.) 1926b*, p. 51. (Costa Rica.) 1926d* +, pp. 1-76. (Amazon Basin, Bo- livia and Brazil.) 1929*, pp. 79-97. (Antilles and Middle America. 1932*, pp. 98-100. (Costa Rica.) 1933c*, pp. 161-166. (Brazil.) 1934*, pp. 95-98. (Costa Rica.) 1946*, pp. 158-160. (Guatemala.) 1952h, pp. 303-305. (Guatemala.) Snyper, T. E., and ZeTEK, J., 1924*, pp. 1-26. (Canal Zone and Panama.) 1934, in Kofoid, 2d ed., pp. 342-346. (Pan- ama.) SORENSEN, W., 1884*, pp. 1-25. (South Amer- ica.) STRELNIKOv, J., 1920, pp. 215-226. (South America, Brazil and Bolivia.) Tucker, R. W. E., 1939, pp. 56-60. (Bar- bados.) 1939a, pp. 132-134. (Barbados.) WatkeR, F., 1853*, pp. 501-529. Weser, N. A., 1941, pp. 325-329. (British Guiana.) Wotcott, G. N., 1921, pp. 1-14. (Puerto Rico.) 1924, pp. 1-15. (Puerto Rico.) 1927, pp. 153-162. (Haiti.) 1936, pp. 45-50. (Puerto Rico.) 1938, pp. 83-84. (Puerto Rico.) 1939, pp. 5-26. (Puerto Rico.) 1940, pp. 375-380. (Puerto Rico.) 1950a, pp. 62-74. (Puerto Rico.) Wo cotT, G. N., and Sern, F., Jr., 1924, pp. 138-149. (Puerto Rico.) ZETEK, J., 1921, pp. 237-239. (Panama.) 1948, pp. 126-151. (Panama and Canal Zone. ZOOGEOGRAPHICAL REGIONS: PALAEARCTIC AnonyMous, 1870, pp. 642-644. (France.) 1941b, pp. 117-123. (France. Aupoutn, J. V., 1825-1827. (Egypt.) BerLanp, L., 1926, pp. 72-73. (France, le Var.) Bernard, F., 1948, pp. 185-196. (Fezzan, Tripoli.) BLancnarD, C. E., 1840*, pp. 46-47. Bosr-Moreau, M., 1843, pp. xliv+122. Rochefort, France.) BopENHEIMER, F. S., 1935, Pp- 327, 329. Palestine.) BorFinet, Pére, 1842, pp. 546-559. (Charente- Inférieure, France.) - 1853, PP. 145-157. France. Bonaventura, G., 1953a, pp. 1-32. (Umbria, Italy.) Brauer, F., 1876, pp. 265-300. (Europe, es- pecially Austria.) BuGNion, E., 1920, pp. 49-5I. rénées.) Burmeister, H. C. C., 1839*, p. 765. (Egypt.) (Charente-Inférieure, (Basses-Py- 146 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS Capra, F., 1935*, pp. 44-46. (Libia.) 1938, p. 125. (Libia.) 1948, pp. 77-79. (Italy.) Carayon, J., 1952, pp. 91-92. (Paris, France.) Cuazousson, F., 1954, pp. 347-352. (France.) Cuaing, J., 1913a, pp. 650-653. (France.) Cuarrier, H., 1923, pp. 216-217. (Tangier.) Cuoparp, L., 1947, pp. 1-111. (France.) Cotas, G., 1944, pp. 38-39. (France.) Desnevx, J., 1902*, pp. 436-440. (Sahara.) 1904*, pp. 147-148. (Algeria.) Dossievagre, G., 1945, p. 49. (Paris.) Fasricius, J. C., 1793*, p. 9I. Frytaup, J., 1921+, pp. 1-135. (France.) 1924, pp. 241-244. (Saintonge, France.) 1924a, pp. 550-551. (France.) 1924b, pp. 69-73. (Charentes, France.) 1925*, pp. 161-169. (France.) 1950, pp. 380-381. (France.) I95I, p. 223. (Bordeaux, France.) Gasstes, J. B., 1855, pp. 427-428. (Bordeaux, France.) Grorcévitcu, J., 1931, pp. 1-68. (Jugoslavia.) Guupint, G. M., 1937b*, pp. 633-635. (Italy.) GortscH, W., 1951, pp. 64-98. (Italy.) 1953a, Ppp. 235-280. (Spain.) Gorze, J. H. E., 1783, pp. 20-27. (France.) Grapojevic, M., 1929, pp. 1-16. (Southern Serbia.) Grasst, P. P., 1938*, pp. 291-295. (Canary Islands.) 1939*, pp. 179-185. (ile Madeére.) 1945-1947*, p. 140. (Sahara.) Grassi, B., and Sanptas, A., 1893t, pp. 1-75. (Italy, Sicily.) Hacen, H. A., 1865-1866*, pp. 8-9. (Ma- deira. 1866*, p. 282. (Spain.) Horvatu, G., 1885, pp. 208-211, xxviii. (Hun- gary.) InvreA, F., 1942, pp. 106-108. (Genoa, Li- guria.) Ionescu, M. A., 1932, pp. 108-113. mania.) Jacozgson, G. G., 1904* +, pp. 57-107. (Rus- sia. Juccr, C., and Sprincuettt, A., 1953. (Sicily.) KarawajJEw, W., 1909, pp. 157-162. (Central Asia.) Kemner, N. A., 1932*, pp. 87-92. (Sinai.) Korar, V., 1833, p. 459. (Vienna.) 1850, pp. 280-281. (Schénbrunn, Vienna.) Kraussg, A., 1913, pp. 144-145. (Sardinia.) Lasouzine, A., 1860, cv-cvi. (Agen, France.) 1886, pp. lii-liii. (France.) LaMEERE, A., 1902, pp. 441-443. (Sahara.) Las, J. W., 1952, pp. 1-7. (Jerusalem, Pales- tine. (Ro- VOL. 130 LaTREILLE, P. A., 1819*, p. 96. LesneE, P., 1923, pp. 1507-1508. Lespés, C., 1856, pp. 227-282. Lucas, H., 1849*, p. 110-111. (Algeria.) Lupprova, A. N., 1953, pp. 142-156. (Turk- menia.) McLacutan, R., 1876, p. 17. (Vienna.) 1882, pp. 150-183. (Madeira and Canary Islands. Marina, G., 1929, pp. 28-29, 64-65. (Zamora, Spain.) Menozz1, C., 1940, pp. 244-273*. (Tripoli.) Navas, R. P. L., 1911*, pp. 118-121. (Pales- tine.) Perez, J., 1907, Pp. 4-7, 37-40, 71-77. (South- west France. Perris, E., 1876, pp. 201-202. (Landes.) 1876a, pp. CCXVi-CCXVil. PryerIMHorF, P. pr, 1948, pp. 185-194. Fez- zan, Sahara.) Pumsy, H. Sr. J., 1933, p.- 404. (Arabia, desert.) Pictet, A. E., 1865, pp. 1-123. Peninsula.) Poort, J., 1849, pp. 186-190. (fle d’Oléron.) Pujruta, J., 1904, pp. 51-60. (Tortosa.) QuaTrEFAGAS, A. DE, 1853a, pp. 16-21. (La Rochelle.) Rossi, P., 1792*, p. 107. (Etruria.) 1807, pp. 16-17. (Etrusca.) Sanpias, A., 1908, pp. 1-9. (Italy.) Savicny, M. J. C. L. pg, 1809-1813 (plates). (Egypt.) Scortecci, G., 1936, pp. I-12. (Fezzan.) Seasra, A. F. DE, 1907, pp. 122-123. (Portu- gal.) 1939, p. 167. (Portugal.) SENESSE, P., 1947, Ppp. 30-32. France. SirantyEv, A. A., 1903, p. 29. (Caucasas.) Sttvestr1, F., 1905*, pp. 1-2. (Elba and Pianosa.) 1g11*, pp. 105-109. (Tunis.) 1920*, pp. 477, 479. (Mesopotamia.) 1923a*, p. 261. (Mesopotamia and Persia.) 1938, pp. 65-72. (Fezzan.) SyésrepT, Y., 1900a*, pp. 1-236. 1904*, pp. I-120. 1926* +, pp. 1-419. 1927b*, pp. 279-280. (Morocco.) 1932, pp. 87-91. (Sinai.) 1935*, pp. 106-107. (Tunis.) Snyper, T. E., 1926b, pp. 1-6. (France.) Tarpinskt, S. P. (Ed.), 1948, p. 76. (Euro- pean U.S.S.R.) TascHENBERG, E. L., (Europe.) (Spanish (Roussilon, 1880, pp. 184-186. WHOLE VOL. Tiretu, M. O., 1951, pp. 6-13. (Italy.) ean V. P; 1053, pp: 132-441. (US- S.R. VasiLjEv, I. V., 1911*, pp. 268-270. (Middle Asia, Transcaspia, Turkestan.) IQI2, pp. 241-243. (Middle Asia, Trans- caspia, Turkestan.) Weser, N. A., 1954, pp. 181-182. (Iraq.) Werner, H., 1937, pp. 593-596. (Hamburg, Germany. 1937a, pp. 1-2. (Hamburg, Germany.) BIBLIOGRAPHY OF TERMITES: SUBJ ECTS—-SNYDER 147 1939, p. 40. (Hamburg, Germany.) 1942, pp. 1-7. (Hamburg, Germany.) 1951, pp. 259-265. (Hamburg, Germany.) 1955, pp. 63-68. (Anterior Asia.) Werner, F., 1927, pp. 135-151. (Greece.) Werner, F., 12 KUHNELT, 1941, pp. 88-99. (Zante, Greece.) Witcocky, F. C., 1922, pp. 389-390. (Egypt.) ZatrzEv, P., 1912, p. 360. (Abchasia.) ZavaTTARI, E., 1934, p. 222. (Libia.) ZoccuHi, R., 1953, pp. 195-202. (Italy.) ZOOGEOGRAPHICAL REGIONS: PAPUAN AumapD, M., 1947*, pp. I-7. BriacksurNn, T., 1884, p. 413. (Hawaii.) Crace, C. F., 1954, p. 278. (Hawaii.) Desneux, J., 1905*, pp. 367-377. Guinea.) 1908*, pp. 389-390. (New Hebrides.) Exruorn, E. M., 1915, pp. 55-56. (Hawaii) 1928, pp. 4, 18. (Hawaii.) 1929, p. 230. (Hawaii.) 1931, Ppp. 330-332. (Hawaii.) 1934, in Kofoid, 2d ed., pp. 321-323. (Ha- waii.) Futtaway, D. T., 1920, pp. 294-301. (Ha- waii.) 1921, pp. 456-457. (Hawaii.) 1926, pp. 68-88. (Hawaii.) 1926a, pp. 335-349. (Hawaii.) 1927, pp. 170-176. (Hawaii.) 1929, pp. 79-80, 82-92. (Hawaii.) 1929a, p. 134. (Hawaii.) 1929b, pp. 205-210. (Hawaii.) 1931, p. 8. (Hawaii.) GreENwoop, W., 1940, pp. 211-218. (Fiji.) Hut, G. F., 1926d*, pp. 296-300. (Samoa.) 1927*, pp. 1-18. (Samoa.) 1942* }, pp. 1-473. Hotmcren, N., 1911b*, pp. 451-464. (New Guinea.) 1912*, pp. 1-166. 1gI2c*, pp. 280-282. Hoimcren, N., and Hormeren, K., 1915*, pp. 85-93. (New Caledonia.) Keck, C. B., 1952, p. 351. (Midway Island.) Kemner, N. A., 1931* t, pp. 1-53. (Amboina Island.) Lever, R. J. A. W., 1934, pp. 10-13. (Solomon Islands.) 1939, Pp. 17-20. (Fiji.) 1939a*, p. 87. (Fiji.) 1939b, pp. 32-34. (Fiji.) 1939¢, pp. 36-37. (Fiji.) (New 1930d, p. 87. (Fiji.) | 1942, pp. 48-49. (Fiji.) 1943, pp. 40-42. (Solomon Islands.) 1948, pp. 50-52. (Solomon Islands.) Licut, S. F., 1932a*, pp. 73-86. (Marquesas.) 1932b*, pp. 169-170. (Marquesas.) 1932c*, pp. 171-176. (Marquesas.) 1932d*, pp. 3-5. (Society Islands.) 1946, p. 9. (Guam.) Licut, S. F., and Zimmermay, E, C., 1936*, pp. 1-12. (Polynesia.) McLacutan, R., 1883, pp. 221-227. (Hawaii.) Osutma, M., 1917*, pp. 195-200. (Caroline Islands.) 1920*, pp. 261-264. (Hawaii.) 1942*, pp. 381-389. (Palau Island.) Perkins, R. C. L., 1899, p. 88. (Hawaii.) Rainsow, W. J., 1897, pp. 100-101. (Ellice Group.) Siivestri, F., 1909*, pp. 279-314. Snyper, T. E., 1922*, pp. 1-32. (Hawaii.) 1924c*, pp. 1-40. (Hawaii.) 1924f*, pp. 381-384. (Hawaii.) 1925f, pp. 395-407. (Hawaii.) 19258, PP. 438-444. (Hawaii.) Swezey, O. H., 1914, p. 27. (Hawaii.) 1915, p. 64. (Hawaii.) 1928, p. 19. (Hawaii.) 1935, pp. 28-29. (Hawaii.) 1940, p. 177. (Guam.) 1945, p. 397. (Hawaii.) Van ZWALUWENBURG, R. H., 1952, p. 351. (Canton Island.) Weyer, F., 1931a, 72 Kemner, 1931*, pp. 1-53. (Amboina Island.) Wuirney, L. A., 1929, p. 222. (Hawaii.) Wiis, F. X., 1944, pp. 93-124. (New Caledonia.) ZIMMERMAN, E. C., 1948t, pp. 159-189. (Ha- waii.) 148 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 130 ZOOGEOGRAPHICAL REGIONS: GENERAL Dersnzux, J., r9o4e*t, pp. 1-52. (Catalog, world, over 300 species.) 1906, Pp. 393-407. Emerson, A. E., in Kofoid, 1934, 2d ed., p. 117. (Map world distribution.) 1949, in Allee, 1949+. (Kalotermes in pe- ripheral regions, p. 660; Neotermes and Glyptotermes in continental rain forests, Tropics, p. 661; Reticulitermes and cli- mate, p. 724; Prorhinotermes, p. 725; predatory barrier prevents dispersal less defended Nasutitermitinae, p. 726.) 1952t, pp. 217-225. (Biogeography.) 1955at, pp. 465-522. (World distribution and origin genera.) GrirFFin, F. J., 1951t, pp. 261-368. (Bibliog- raphy, world, 1758-1949.) Hacen, H. A., 1852, pp. 53-75. (Distribu- tion.) 1855* t, pp. 1-144, 270-325. (Monograph, world, 1855-1860* + (1858)* +, pp. 1-342. (Mono- graph, world.) 1858a*, pp. 1-34. (Catalog collection in British Museum. 1855-1860* + (1860)* +, pp. 73-99. (Mono- graph world, 60 species.) 1855-1860* + (1860a)* +, pp. (Monograph, world, 60 species.) Harris, W. V., 1954b, pp. 126-132. (World.) Haviranp, G. D., 1898* +, pp. 358-442. (New species, South Africa, Malay Peninsula, and Borneo.) Hecu, E., 1922+, pp. 1-756. (World.) Hotmcren, N., 1909* t+, pp. 1-215. (World, monograph.) 1gtia* +, pp. 1-88. (World, monograph.) 1912* +, pp. 1-166. (World, monograph.) Licut, S. F., in Kofoid, 1934, 2d ed., pp. 117- 126. (Distribution, world.) Snyper, T. E., r949bt, pp. 1-490. (Catalog, world, new genera, species, 1,932 spe- cies.) Watker, F., 1853* +, pp. 501-529. (Catalog collection in British Museum, description new species.) 100-128. LIST OF AUTHORS AND TITLES Assott, R. L. 1947. His but to do or die—soldier ter- mite. Frontiers, vol. 11, pp. 88-90. Feb. ABDERHALDEN, E. 1947. (New results in the field of vitamin research.) (In German.) Bull. Schweiz. Akad. Med. Wiss., vol. 2, No. 5, p. 331. Asg, Y. 1937. On the distribution of the oriental termite, Coptotermes formosanus Shi- raki, in Japan. Sci. Rep. Téhoku Univ. ser. 4, vol. 11, No. 4, pp. 463-472, 3 maps. Apr. Sendai. ABEL, O. 1933. Ein fossiles Termitennest aus dem Unterpliozin des Wiener Beckens. Verh. Zool.-Bot. Ges. Wien, vol. 83, Nos. 3-4, pp. 38-39. Apams, C. C., 1915. An ecological study of prairie and forest invertebrates. Bull. Illinois State Lab. Nat. Hist., vol. 11, art. 2, p. 208. Apamson, A. M. 1937. Preliminary report on termites and termite damage in Trinidad, West Indies. Trop. Agric., Trinidad, vol. 14, No. 5, pp. 141-149. May. 1938. Notes on termites destructive to buildings in the Lesser Antilles. Loc. cit., vol. 15, No. 10, pp. 220-224. Oct. 1940. New termite intercastes. Proc. Roy. Soc. London, ser. B, vol. 129, pp. 35-53, 6 figs. 1940a. A second report on the termites of Trinidad, British West Indies. Trop. Agric., Trinidad, vol. 17, No. 1, pp. 12-15. Jan. 1941. Laboratory technique for the study of living termites. Ecology, Brooklyn, vol. 22, pp. 411-414 1943. Termites and the fertility of soils. Trop. Agric., Trinidad, vol. 20, pp. 107-112. June. 1943a. Enemies and diseases of the honey- bee (Apis mellifera) in Trinidad. Agric. Soc. Trinidad and Tobago, Soc. Pap. No. 845, pp. 1-12. 1946. Termites in Trinidad and Tobago, B.W.I. Trop. Agric., Trinidad, vol. 23, No. 12, pp. 221-223. Dec. 1948. Notes on the termite fauna of the Lesser Antilles. Loc. cit., vol. 25, Nos. I-12, pp. 53-55. Jan.-Dec. Acarwa ta, S. B. D., JHa, M. P., and Sineu, Rae: 1954. Studies in the control of sugar cane pests. III, Prevention of damage to standing crop. Indian Sugar, Calcutta, vol. 4, pp. 231-232. Aug. Acarwata, S. B. D., Nagvi, S. Z. H., and Sincu, R. P. 1954. Studies in the control of sugarcane pests. II, Aldrin and dieldrin as out- standing insecticides against termites (Microtermes obesi Holmg. and Odon- totermes assmuthi Holmg.) (Abstr.). Conf. Sugarcane Res. and Developm. Workers Indian Union, Proc., vol. 2, Pp. 99-100. AculItar, L. 1941. Relative durability of untreated Philippine woods. Philippine Journ. Forestry, vol. 4, No. 3, pp. 247-256, 2 pl. AHERN, G. P. 1901. Important Philippine Woods. For- estry Bur., 112 pp., colored pls. Manila, Jan. 2. Auman, M. 1949. On the identity of Odontotermes (Isoptera, Termitidae). Amer. Mus. Nov., No. 1392, pp. I-11, 75 figs., 2 tab. 1950. The phylogeny of termite genera based on imago-worker mandibles. Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., vol. 95, pp. 39-86. _ ; 1950a. The termite problem in Pakistan. Co-op. and Mktg. Rev., vol. 4, p. 253. July. Pakistan Journ. Sci., vol. 2, pp. 152-153. Oct. 1952. The genus Cryptotermes (Isoptera, Kalotermitidae) in India and Pakistan. Proc. 4th Pakistan Sci. Conf., Pesha- war, 1952, pt. 3, abstracts, p. 71. 1953. Two new cases of introduction of termites. Spolia Zeylanica, vol. 27, pt. I, pp. 35-36. Nat. Mus. Ceylon, Oct. 24. 1953a. New termites and a hitherto un- known caste from Ceylon. Loc. cit., vol. 27, pt. I, pp. 37-41, 4 figs. Oct. 24. Aumap, M., and SALEEM, 1952a. The survival period of Archoter- mopsis wroughtoni (Desneux) and Heterotermes indicola (Wasmann) af- ter removing their intestinal flagellates. 149 150 Proc. 4th Pakistan Sci. Conf., Pesha- War, 1952, pt. 3, abstracts, p. 71. AHRENS, W. 1930. Uber die Korpergliederung, die Haut und die Tracheenorgane der Termiten- konigin (Faune et Anatomia Ceylonica IV, Nr. 8). Jena. Zeitschr. Naturw., vol. 64, pp. 449-530, 2 pls., 20 figs. 1932. Ueber die Beziehungen zwischen Karyoplasma, Zytoplasma, Deuto- plasma in reifenden Arthropodenei (nach Untersuchungen an Termes re- demanni). Loc. cit., vol. 67, pp. 516- 534, 1 pl. 1934. Zur Kenntnis der Homologien ak- zessoricher Geschlechtsdrusen bei In- sekten. Zool. Anz., vol. 108, Nos. 7-8, pp. 187-195, 6 figs. 1935. Monographie des weiblichen Ge- schlechtsapparates der Termiten (nach Untersuchungen an Termes rede- mann). Jena. Zeitschr. Naturw., vol. 70, PP. 223-302, 4 pls., 11 figs. 1935a. Die Entwicklung des “Corpus luteum” bei Insekten (nach Unter- suchungen an Termes redemanni). Zeitschr. Mikr.-Anat. Forsch. Leipzig, vol. 37, pp. 467-500, 17 figs. Avparpa, H. 1886. Neuroptera, Termitidae. In Veth’s Midden Sumatra, vol. 4, pt. 5, pp. 13- 14, pl. 4, figs. 1-14. Termes gilvus. Avsertis, L. M. D, 1881. New Guinea, p. 229. ALEXANDER, A. E. 1936. Termites in central New York State. Science, vol. 83, No. 2141, p. 34. Jan. ro. AviBertT, H. 1951. Les insectes vivant sur les cacaoyers en Afrique occidentale. Inst. France Afr. Noire, Mem. No. 15, pp. 9-174, illustr. ALLEE, W. C. 1943. Where angels fear to tread: a con- tribution from general sociology to human ethics. Science, vol. 97, No. 2528, pp. 517-525. June II. ALLEE, W. C., et al. 1949. Principles of animal ecology, pp. viit 837, 263 figs. W. B. Saunders and Co., Philadelphia. Au.ioT, H. 1946. La protection des bois d’oeuvre contre les termites. Marchés Colon., vol. 2, pp. 1420-1421. Dec. 28. 1947. La protection des bois d’oeuvre con- tre les termites. Courrier Agric. d’Af- rique, vol. 12, No. 1, pp. 1-3. SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 130 1953. Recherches sur la protection des bois en grumes sous les climats tropicaux. Bois et Foréts Trop., vol. 30, pp. 43-52. July-Aug. ALuiotT, A. 1949. La protection du bois. Rev. Int. Bois, vol. 16, pp. 200-201. AttLouarp, P. 1948. La protection du bois contre les ter- mites et la pourriture par des procedes simples et peu couteux. Loc. cit., vol. 2, PP. 415-426. Axor, A. 1885. Sulla comparsa delle Termiti nelle vigne di Catania. Atti Accad. Gioen., ser. 3, vol. 18, pp. 89-94. Atson, A. M. 1933. The association of termites with the soil found in tree-holes, and the in- fluence on the Dipterous larvae (Psy- chodidae, Culicidae, etc.) breeding in them. Ent. Monthly Mag., vol. 69, pp. 33-37- ALTson, R. A. 1947. A fungus parasite on Coptotermes curvignathus Holmg. Nature, vol. 160, No. 4056, p. 120. July 26. Amapon, C. H., et al. 1945. Pole service records. Rep. Commit- tee 7-7, Proc. Amer. Wood Preserv. Assoc., vol. 41, pp. 74-81. Anperson, D. A. 1946. Dragon flies feed on termites. Great Basin Nat., vol. 7, Nos. 1-4, p. 29. Dec: 30; AnpreEw, B. J. 1930. Method and rate of protozoan re- faunation in the termite Termopsis angusticollis Hagen. Univ. California Publ. Zool., vol. 33, pp. 449-470, 2 figs. AnpreEw, B. J., and Lieut, S. F. 1929. Natural and artificial production of so-called “mitotic flares” in the intes- tinal flagellates of Termopsis angusti- collis. Loc. cit., vol. 31, pp. 433-440. Anprew, D. 1919. What white ants can do and have done. Australian Forest. Journ., vol. 2, No. 7, pp. 203-204. July. Anprews, E. A. 1git. Observations on termites in Jamaica. Journ. Anim. Behav., New York, vol. 1, No. 3, pp. 193-228. May-June. 1916. Termites in the Luskerpore Valley. The Indian Tea Assoc. Sci. Dept. Quart. Journ., pt. 2, pp. 54-72, 2 pls., 5 text figs. Calcutta. 1924. Termites, Loc. cit. pt. 4, 1923, pp. 118-125. WHOLE VOL. Anprews, E. A., and Mippieton, A. R. tg11. Rhythmic activity in termite com- munities. Circ. Johns Hopkins Univ., n. s., vol. 2, pp. 26-34, 2 figs. Anprews, H. E. 1936. Tachys termiticola sp. n. Naturhist. Maandblad., vol. 25, Nos. 11-12, p. 108. Anprews, J. M. 1925. Morphology and mitosis in Tricho- monas termopsidis, an intestinal flagel- late of the termite, Termopsis. Biol. Bull., vol. 49, No. 2, pp. 69-85, 5 figs. Aug. 1926. Cultivation of Trichomonas, thermal death-point, anaerobic conditions, at- tempts at sterilization. Journ. Para- sitol., vol. 12, p. 148. Anprews, L. K., GorrscHatk, E. W., and Jounson, J. P., Jr. 1941. Service records for Wolmanized lumber. Proc. Amer. Wood Preserv. Assoc., vol. 37, pp. 54-80, illustr. ANGELL, H. W., Davis, R. E., and McFar- LAND, W. A. 1948. Service records for “Wolmanized” treated lumber. A supplement. Amer. Lumber and Treating Co., 36 pp., 21 figs. ANNANDALE, N. 1923. The fauna of an island in the Chilka Lake. The habits of the termites of Barkuda. Rec. Indian Mus., vol. 25, Pp. 233-251, 2 pls., 2 figs. 1924. Termite mounds. Journ. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc., vol. 30, pp. 25-35, 4 figs. ANONYMOUS. 1766. De formicis albis. Dresden. Mag., vol. I, p. 395- 1863-1870. Die Termiten. Jn Aus der Natur., vol. 26 (N.F., 14 Bd.), pp. 737- 743) 753-759, 769-774, 785-791, 801-807, 817-820; 0. c. 1870, vol. 53 (F.F. 41), Pp. 556-558. 1863a. Die Termiten. Ausland, vol. 36, 1863, Pp. 94-95. 1864. Einwanderung weisser Ameisen auf St. Helena. Mitt. J. Perthes Geog. Anst. Geog. Petermann, 1864, p. 310. 1864a. Damage (exhibitions). Proc. Ent. Soc. London 1864, pp. 185-186. 1870. Weisse Ameisen in Frankreich. Aus- land, vol. 43, pp. 642-644. 1871. Zerst6rung durch Termiten in Ficht- enstammen. Fuhling’s Landw. Zeit., vol. 20 (N.F. 8), Jahrg. 1871, p. 233. 1877. Die Termiten. Deutsch. Landw. Presse, vol. 4, 1877, pp. 51-52. BIBLIOGRAPHY OF TERMITES: AUTHORS—-SNYDER I5t 1889. Termes fatalis on tea plant in Cey- lon. Insect Life, vol. 1, p. 293. 1889a. White ants in Australia injuring trees), oeicit.;, violsiz, p-\ 340: 1890. Termes flavipes eating cloth and wood. Loc. cit., vol. 2, p. 253. 1891. Pacific Coast termites. Loc. cit., Vol.’ 3, p..471- 1891a. A flight of white ants in Texas. Loe.-cit, vol: 4,1p.7a6. 1892. Remedies for white ants in fruit trees. Loe. cits voli: 5,\p.. 207. 1894. Termes taprobanes, various forms figured. Indian Mus. Notes, vol. 3, p- 140. 1895-1898. White ants as a pest of Agri- culture—Termes taprobanes. 1895 Dic- tionary of Economic Products, No. 9, p. 4; Agric. Ledger 1897, No. 18, Ent. Ser. No. 7, p. 484; Agric. Ledger 1898, vol. 6, pt. 1, p. 434, Calcutta. 1899. North Australian curiosities: Gi- gantic ant hills. Australasian, vol. 12. Melbourne, May. 1900. Neues uber die Termiten. Ent. Zeit- schr. Guben, vol. 13, pp. 170-177. 1907. White ants. Sci. Amer. Suppl., vol. 63, No. 1630, p. 26123. Mar. 30. 1909. Destruction of “houtkapper” white ants. Dept. Agric. Cape of Good Hope, No. 16, pp. 1-3. Cape Town. 1910. Report dated March 28, 1910, on creosoted yellow pine poles in Norfolk- Washington Line and in Montgomery- New Orleans Line, Appendix B to Rep. Comm. on Preservative Treat- ment of Poles and Crossarms. Nat. Electr. Light Assoc., vol. 1, May, pp. 308-310. 1911. Termites of Ceylon. Nature, vol. 86, pp. 273-274. Apr. 27. tgt1a. Hunting for ants with a telephone. Outlook, vol. 97, pp. 853-855. Apr. 22. 1912. White ants attacking Australian rail- way sleepers in India. Agric, Gaz., N.S. Wales, vol. 23, p. 237. tgi2a. The African ant, Architects of the Animal Kingdom. Sci. Amer. Suppl., vol. 74, p. 229, 1 fig. 1913. Catalogue des Isoptéres recueillis a Ceylan. Spolia Zeylanica, vol. 9, pt. 33, Pp. 7-15. 1914. Termites or white ants. Agric. News, vol. 13, No. 309, p. 74. Barbados, Feb. 28. 1g14a. Termites in vineyards near Bor- deaux. Bull. Soc. Nat. Acclimat., Paris, vol. 61, No. 9, pp. 301-304. May I. I52 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS 1915. The ravages of the white ant. Com- monwealth of Australia, Postmaster General’s Dept., Electrical Engineer’s Branch, Melbourne. Construction, pp. 224-281. 1916. Grand Rapids Public Library (Michi- gan) 45th Ann. Rep., p. 59. Apr. 1917. Destruicao dos Cupins. Chacaras e Quintaes, S. Paulo, vol. 16, No. 6, pp. 477-479. Dec. 15. 1g17a. Note. (First recorded attack on sugar-cane in Hawaii by Coptotermes formosanus.) Proc. Hawaiian Ent. Soc., vol. 3, p. 390. 1918. Destructive white ants appear in the West. Pop. Mechanics Mag., Dec., p. 842, fig. 1g18a. Insects of a citrus grove. White ants, termites, or wood lice. Florida Agric. Exp. Sta. Bull. 148, p. 253. 1919. Note. Journ. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc., vol. 26, No. 3, p. 873. tg919a. Note. (Damage to sweet gum woodwork of building.) Monthly Bull., State Comm. Horticult., vol. 8, No. 2, p. 83, fig. Feb. tgtgb. (Woods resisting insects and worms.) Wood Turning, vol. 12, No. 10, p. 18. Milwaukee, July 109. 1920. Insect pests in Ceylon, 91g. Planters’ Chron., Coimbatore, vol. 15, No. 12 pp. 206-208. Mar. 20. 1920a. Termites on prune trees. Pacific Rural Press, p. 469. Oct. 1921. The scientific Australian. White ants and their depredations, methods of con- trol and prevention. Australian Forest. Journ., vol. 4, No. 10, pp. 290-295. 19g2ta. Sur existence du Microcerotermes dolichognathus Silvestri. Tome 13. Publicacoes da Companhia Agricola Ultramarina, 1916-1921. Les termites des plantations de cacaoyere. Etude agricole. Lisbonne. 1923. I, Hygiene and diseases in Eastern Tropical Africa, pp. 1-47, 21 figs. II, The protection of aircraft from attacks of insects, pp. 48-55 (termites, pp. 50- 51). Issued as a supplement to the Handbook of German East Africa. (Prepared on behalf of the Admiralty and the War Office.) London, I.D. 1055A, pp. 1-58, I map. 1925. White ants as a cane pest. Australian Sugar Journ., vol. 16, pp. 739-745. 1925a. Obituary, Grassi, Giovanni Battista (1854-1925). Ent. News, vol. 37, pp. 127-128. 2 VOL. 130 1925b. A new white ant. Journ. Dept. Agric. South Africa, vol. 11, p. 198. 1925c. Protecting wood against termites. Indian Sci. Agriculturist, pp. 66-67. Feb. 1926. Forbidding the white ant the house. The Lumber Manufacturer and Dealer, vol. 77, No. 11, p. 22. May 28. 1926a. Giant white ants (Mastotermes dar- winiensis Frogg.). Queensland Agric. Journ., vol. 25, pt. 1, pp. 4-5. 1926b. A termitophilous fly (Termitox- enia) from India. Trans. Ent. Soc. London 1925, pt. 5, p. Ixvii. Apr. ro. 1927. Uniform building code of the Pacific Coast. Pacific Coast Building Officials Conference, appendix, sec. 2529, p. 285, termite provisions, rev. ed. 1932. Los Angeles, Calif. 1927a. New cane termite (Coptotermes acinaciformis Frogg.). Queensland Agric. Journ., vol, 28, pt. 2, pp. 86-88, pl. 23. Feb. 1928, Use treated lumber in homes to com- bat the termite. Wood Preserving News, vol. 6, No. 6, p. 80, illustr. June. 1929. Termites or white ants. Agric. Journ. India, vol. 24, pt. 4, p. 277. July. 1929a. Building code—City and County of Honolulu, Ordinance No. 490, sec. 9.705. Termite protection, t929b. Obituary. Fuller, Claude (1872- 1928). Journ. Econ. Ent. vol. 22, p. 282. 1930. The termite test house in Panama. Wood Preserving News, vol. 8, No. 4, pp. 45-48, 59, illustr. Apr. 1930a. Second report of the Fabrics Co- ordinating Research Committee, Dept. Sci. and Industr. Res. pp. 172-173. London. 1931. Obituary. Wasmann, Erich (1859- 1931). Ent. News, vol. 42, p. 240. 1931a. Termites in buildings. Union of South Africa Dept. Agric. Reprint No. 74, p. 4. Pretoria. 1932. Committee 7-7, Report from Bell Telephone Laboratories, Preservative treatment of poles. Proc. Amer. Wood Preserv. Assoc., vol. 28, pp. 237-269. 1933. Chemical warfare by insects (ter- mites). Science, n. s., Suppl., vol. 77, pp. 8-9. 1933a. No termite “invasion” of the East. South. Lumber Journ., vol. 37, No. 7, p. 30. July. (Quotes Dr. T. E. Snyder in “Evening Star,” Washington, D.C.) WHOLE VOL. 1934. Termites interesting insects. Out- door Indiana, vol. 1, No. 4, p. 16, fig. May. 1934. Jn Kofoid. Report from American Telephone and Telegraph Co. Results from the preservative treatment of tele- phone poles. Appendix A to chap. 4o. 1934a. Control of subterranean termites in dwellings. Alabama State Leaflet 1, 4 pp. 1 fig. 1934b. Burlington discovers evidence of termite damage. Railway Age, vol. 96, No. 14, pp. 496-500. Philadelphia, PPT. 7: 1934c. Durability test on untreated Indian timbers against termites. Indian For- ester, vol. 60, pp. 337-341. 1934d. Treated sleepers in India. Loc. cit., vol. 60, No. 7, pp. 472-477. July. 1934-1953. Report of inspection of pre- servatives in the Mississippi State High- way Department’s test garden, Jackson, Miss. (1933-1953), 20th Rep. 1953, and service records on guard rail posts (1932-1953), 1953. 1935. Do you know? Science News Letter, vol. 28, No. 754, p. 178. Sept. 21. 1935a. Notes on termites and anti-termite work. Kaduna Public Works Dept. Nigeria, pp. 7-23. 1935b. Termites or white ants. Pennsyl- vania Dept. Forests and Waters Serv. Letter, ser. 6, No. 20, p. 1. May 16. 1935c. San Francisco termite study. Tim- berman, vol. 39, No. 9, pp. 62-63. Portland, Ore., July. 1935d. Obituary. Handlirsch, Anton (1865-1935). Arb. Morph. Tax. Ent., vol. 2, p. 308. Berlin-Dahlem. 1935e. Termitenbekéampfung mit Zink- chlorid (ref.), Anz. Schadlingsk., vol. 11,- Rep: \3, p- /30. 1936. Protection against termites. Ry. Eng. and Maint., p. 434. July. 1936a. The California pest control act. Exterminators Log, vol. 4, No. 7, pp. 6-7. July. 1936b. Southern Pine Centennial House. South. Lumberman, vol. 153, No. 1928, pp. 43-44, figs. 1-3. Nashville, Aug. 1. 1936c. Minimum termite repair and treat- ment standards. Exterminators Log, vol. 4, No. 8, p. 10. Aug. 1936d. Termites (white ants). Common- wealth of Australia Counc. Sci. and Industr. Res. Trade Circ. No. 36, pp. 12-13, 6 figs. Melbourne. 1936e. Termites and their relation to the BIBLIOGRAPHY OF TERMITES: AUTHORS—-SNYDER 153 fire hazard, pp. 1-7. National Board of Fire Underwriters, New York. 1936f. Verslag van de Maandelijksche Vergadering op Woensday. Naturhist- Maandblad, vol. 25, No. 7, pp. 77-78, fig. Maastricht, July 31. 1936g. Termite “racket” presents a prob- lem and an opportunity, pp. 20-21. Termites controlled by construction methods, pp. 44-45, 2 figs. Amer. Lumberman, whole No. 3077. Chi- cago, July 4. 1936h. More about the termite racket. South. Lumber Journ., vol. 40, No. 7, p. 9. Jacksonville, July 1o. 19361. Filing the teeth of termites. Ex- tracts on “rackets” from “Our enemy the termite,” Snyder. South. Lumber Journ., vol. 40, No. 7, p. 43. July ro. 1936}. Termites and lumber. South. Lum- berman,; vol. 1535), No:t92% p. 18. Nashville, July 15. 1936k. The termite fad. Hardwood Rec- ord, p. 18. Aug. 19361. The termite question further dis- cussed. South. Lumber Journ., vol. 40, No. 8, pp. 8-9. Aug. 20. 1936m. Timber preservation. Empire For- estry Journ., vol. 15, No. 2, p. 309. London. 1936n. Review. “Our enemy the termite,” T. E. Snyder, 1935. Wood Preserving News, vol. 14, Nao. 1, p. to. Jan. 19360. “Questions and answers” posed to Dr. Alfred Weed, Dr. T. E. Snyder, and Conrad Johnson—replies by Sny- der. Exterminators Log, vol. 4, No. 2, pp. 8-14. Feb. 1936p. Review. “Our enemy the termite,” T. E. Snyder, 1935. New York Times Book Rev. Feb. 16. 1936q. Review. “Our enemy the termite,” Ts Es, Snyder,.,.1935., Soap; vol. , 12, No. 3, p. 94. Mar. 1936r. Review. “Our enemy the termite,” T. E. Snyder, 1935. Telegraph and Telephone Age, p. 72. Mar. 1. 1936s. Review. “Our enemy the termite,” T. E. Snyder, 1935. Sci. Amer., vol. 154, No. 3, p. 166. Mar. 1936t. Review. “Our enemy the termite,” T.E. Snyder, 1935. Arb. Physiolog. und Angew. Ent., Berlin-Dahlem, vol. 3, No. 1, p. 79. Mar. 18. 1936u. Review. “Our enemy the termite,” T. E. Snyder, 1935. Arb. Morph. Tax. Ent., Berlin-Dahlem, vol. 3, No. 2, p. 160, 154 1936v. Review. “Our enemy the termite,” T. E. Snyder, 1935. Minnesota Con- servationist, vol. 35, p. 15. Apr. 1936w. Review. “Our enemy the termite,” T. E. Snyder, 1935. South. Lumber- man, vol. 152, No. 1923, p. 24. May 15. 1936x. Review. “Our enemy the termite,” T. E. Snyder, 1935. Exp. Sta. Rec., vol. 74, No. 6, p. 818. June. 1936y. Review. “Our enemy the termite,” T. E. Snyder, 1935. Mitt. Ges. Vorrats- schutz E./V.;0 vols fia) NoriSaps40d; Sept. 1936z. Review. “Our enemy the termite,” T. E. Snyder, 1935. Quart. Rev. Biol., vol. 11, No. 3, p. 352. Sept. 1936a’. Review. “Our enemy the termite,” T. E. Snyder, 1935. Practical Builder, vol. 1, No. 11, p. 9. Chicago, Nov. 1936b’. Some metallic and inorganic com- pounds used as weed killers. Bull. Imp. Inst., vol. 34, No. 2, pp. 189-211. London, Apr.-June. 1936c’.. Permatol—a new preservative de- veloped by laboratory of Western Pine Assoc. for benefit of lumber industry. West Coast Lumberman, vol. 63, No. £0, /p: 50, Oct: 1936d’. Forest Research in India 1935-1936. Pt. I. Forest. Res. Inst., Delhi, pp. 3, 44-51. 1937. Treated timber. The Timberman, vol. 38, No. 3, p. 19. Portland, Ore., Jan. 1937a. Rep. of Comm. 7-10, Diversified uses of treated wood. Proc. 33d Ann. Meeting Amer. Wood Preserv. Assoc., Jan. 26-28, p. 2. 1937b. Termite ordinance is defeated. Amer. Lumberman, No. 3092, p. 66. Chicago, Jan. 30. 1937c. “Jerry-building” problem of the lumber industry. Manuf. Rec., vol. 106, No. 2, p. 48. Feb. 1937d. Lumberman successful in building code contest. South. Lumberman, vol. 154, No. 1940, p. 21. Nashville, Feb. 1. 1937e. Exposing the termite. Nat. Lumber Manuf. Assoc., pp. I-11, 12 figs. Wash- ington, D.C., Mar. 1937f. Editorial (termite shield). Ex- terminators Log, vol. 4, No. 12, p. 4. Dec. 1937g. Obituary. Tillyard, Robin John (1881-1937). Ent. News, vol. 48, p. 42. 1937h. “. . . Than the sex life of the boll weevil.” South. Lumber Journ., vol. ar, No. 1, p.°S.. Jan.. 10. SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 130 19371. Matériaux pour l'étude des calami- tés. Soc. Geogr. Genéve, vol. 38, No. II, pp. 154-156. Geneva, 1936. Union Int. Secours, St. Helena. 1938. Lime carbonite in termite mounds. Amani, roth Ann. Rep. East African Agric. Res. Sta., Tanganyika Terr., p. 17: 1938a. How to judge termite control serv- ice. Nat. Better Bus. Bur. Inc., New York City, pp. 1-3. Jan. Revision, 1944, pp. 1-4. 1938b. Work in economic zoology and entomology. Philippine Bur. Plant In- dustry Ann. Rep., pp. ror-110, pl. 1. 1938c. Virus in termite control. Pests, vol. 6, No. 8, p. 19. Aug. 1939. Master specifications. Home Owners’ Loan Corp., Appraisal and Recondi- tioning Div., Pest Control, sec. 17, pp. 133-138. Washington, D.C., June. 1939a. Protection against termites. Federal Housing Admin. Techn. Circ. No. 2, pp. 1-24, 6 figs, 2 pp. diagrams. Dec: 12. 1939b. Termite (white ant)-proof con- struction for brick buildings in Ade- Jaide, South Australia. Commonwealth of Australia, Counc. Sci. and Industr. Res., Div. Forest Products, Trade Circ. No. 44, pp. I-14, 14 diagrams. Melbourne. 1940. Pest control operators resolve triple threat against termites. Pests, vol. 8, No. 3, p. 6. Mar. 1940a. Have you termites in your home? U.S. Agric. Adjustment Admin. Con- sumers’ Guide, vol. 6, No. 14, pp. 7-9, 15, illustr. Apr. 15. 1940b. Termites Act, 1940, New Zealand, Regulations, 1940/320, 1942/228, pp. 1-16. 1g4oc. Obituary. Knower, Henry Mc- Elderry (1868-1940). Ent. News, vol. 51; Pp. 51. 1941. How to destroy white ants. Varthaga Colian, vol. 10, No. 114, p. 139. Trichi- noply, South India. Dec. 1941a. Termites in buildings. Farm. South Africa, vol. 16, pp. 339-342. 1941b. Les termites de France. Ann. Ecole Nat. Forest., vol. 8, No. 1, pp. 117-123. 1941c. Protection against termites with copper shields, 11 pp., illustr., 2d ed. Copper and Brass Res. Assoc., New York. 1942. Preventing damage to buildings by subterranean termites and their control. WHOLE VOL. U.S. Dept. Agric., Farmers’ Bull. No. IQII, pp. I-37, 31 figs. Nov. Revised 1949, pp. 1-38. Apr. 1942a. Classified index of orchard pests and diseases (contd.). Fruit World, Ann. Spec. Issue of, pp. 3-17, illustr. Australia, Jan. 1943. Some Indian insects and war ma- terials. Journ. Sci. and Industr. Res., vol. 2, pp. 44-48. Counc. Sci. and Industr. Res., India G.H.Q., Supply Development Comm. Oct. 1943a. Recognition of decay and insect damage in timbers for aircraft and other purposes. Great Britain Dept. Sci. and Industr. Res., Forest Products Res., pp. 1-18, 12 figs. London. 1944. Termite-proofing of timber for use in the Tropics. Great Britain Dept. Sci. and Industr. Res., Forest Prod. Res. Lab. Leaflet 38, pp. 1-6. Princes Risborough. 1945. Anti termite tactics. How and where to tackle white ants. Pest Control Pamphl. No. 3. Ordnance Labs., pp. 1-14, 17 figs. Cawnpore, Sept. 1945a. Entomological Investigations. 19th Rep. Counc. Sci. and Industr. Res. Australia, 1944-1945, pp. 19-30. Can- berra. 1945b. Timber pests, their origin, preven- tion and cure. Timber Development Assoc., Ltd. London, pp. 1-60, illustr. Pt. 3. Insects attacking timber, pp. 22-37. Dec. 1945c. Soil treatment an aid in termite control. U.S. Dept. Agric. Extension Serv. and Bur. Ent. and Plant Quar. Folder, illustr., ATS-30, pp. 1-2; revised May 1952, Leaflet 324, pp. 1-5, illustr. 1945d. Pentachlorophenol, an ideal wood preservative. Down to Earth, vol. 1, No. 2, pp. 1-5. Dow Chem. Co., Aug. 1946. Termites and their control (order of Isoptera). Pest Control and Sanitat., vol. 1, No. 2, pp. 8-11. Feb. 1946a. White ants or termites (Termiti- dae). Agric. Gaz. N.S. Wales, vol. 57, pt. 4, pp. 195-199. Ent. Branch, Dept. Agric., N.S. Wales, Apr. 1. 1946b. Obituary. Adamson, Alastair Mar- tin (1901-1945). Trop. Agric., Trini- dad, vol. 23, pp. 3-4. 1946c. 20th Ann. Rep. Dept. Sci. and Industr. Res. New Zealand, pp. 46-47. Wellington. 1946d. Longer life for poles and posts. U.S. Dept. Agric. Extension Serv. and BIBLIOGRAPHY OF TERMITES: AUTHORS—-SNYDER 155 Bur. Ent. and Plant Quar., AIS—36, pp: 1-5. 1947. Building code requirements for new dwelling construction. Building Ma- terials Structures Rep. B.M.S. 107, pp. 1-49, U.S. Dept. Commerce. Jan. 1. 1947a. Termites. What are they? How to find them? What do they do? How to keep them out of your new home? How to get them out of your house? Low-cost Housing Res. Bull. No. 3, pp. 1-7. Louisiana Univ. and Agric. and Mech. Coll., Baton Rouge. 1947b. White ants (termites). N.S. Wales Dept. Agric., Insect Pest Leaflet No. 17, pp. 1-4. Sydney. Revised 1951. 1947c. Standard termite clause in connec- tion with sale of properties. Pests, vol. 15, No. 9, pp. 14, 16. 1947d. Northern California PCO’S greet Dr. Thomas E. Snyder and W. O. Buettner, Aug. 4-5. Pests, vol. 15, No. 9, p. 18. 1947e. New method for control of dry- wood termites; methyl bromide proves effective. Pest Control and Sanitat., vol. 2, No. 7, pp. 12-13. July. 1947f. Tentative rules for fumigating struc- tures for dry-wood termites. Pests, vol. 15, No. 9, p. 28. Sept. 1947g. DDT as anti-termite treatment for timber, fabric and cordage. Cawnpore Ordnance Labs., Techn. Rep. BIO/47/ 62, pp. 1-2. June. 19471. Dept. Army Techn. Man. TM 5-632, Insect and Rodent Control, Repairs and Utilities, pp. 1, 58-67, figs. 51-60. Oct. 1948. Decay and termite damage in houses. U.S. Dept. Agric., Farmers’ Bull. No. 1993, pp. I-20, 16 figs. Mar. Revised 1951, pp. 1-26, 17 figs. May. 1948a. Discussion: Termites. Common- wealth Ent. Conf. Rep. 1948, pp. 100- 112. (F. N. Ratcliffe, chairman.) 1948b. Obituary. Sjostedt, Ynge (1866- 1948). Ent. Tidskr., vol. 69, p. 3, frontispiece. 1948c. Review. “Our enemy the termite,” T. E. Snyder (rev. ed., 1948). Senco News, vol. 14, No. 5, p. 4. Sennewald Drug Co., St. Louis, Mo. May. 1948d. Review. “Our enemy the termite,” T. E. Snyder (rev. ed., 1948). U.S. Quart. Book List, vol. 4, No. 2, p. 221. June. 1948e. Review. “Our enemy the termite,” T. E. Snyder (rev. ed., 1948). Wood 156 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS Preserving News, vol. 26, No. 7, p. 88. July. 1948f. Review. “Our enemy the termite,” T. E. Snyder (rev. ed., 1948). Book of the Month Club News, p. 24. July. 1948g. Review. “Our enemy the termite,” T. E. Snyder (rev. ed., 1948). Sguardi sul Monde. Sept.-Oct. 1949. The termite problem. Consumers Res. Bull., vol. 23,..No. 3,..pp:..19-21, illustr. Mar. 1949a. California termite operators’ mini- mum standards for inspections and recommendations, pp. 1-16. Pest Con- trol Operators of California, Inc., Los Angeles. Rev. ed. July 1949. 1949b. Obituary. Imms, August Daniell (1880-1949). Ent. News, vol. 60, p. 45. 1949c. Obituary. Silvestri, Filippo (1873- 1949). Ent. News, vol. 60, No. 6, p. 154. . 1949d. Review. “Our enemy the termite,” T. E. Snyder (rev. ed., 1948). Rev. Agric. Industries. 1949e. Review. “Our enemy the termite,” T. E. Snyder (rev. ed., 1948). Docu- mentation Technique (France). Dec. 1949f. Review. “Catalog of the termites (Isoptera) of the world,” T. E. Snyder (Smithsonian Misc. Coll., vol. 112, 490 pp., Nov. 1, 1949). Science Serv., Nov. 28, 1949. 1949g. Review. “Catalog of the termites (Isoptera) of the world,” T. E. Snyder (Smithsonian Misc. Coll., vol. 112, 490 pp., Nov. 1, 1949). The Evening Star, Washington, D.C., Nov. 28. 1949h. Review. “Catalog of the termites (Isoptera) of the world,” T. E. Snyder (Smithsonian Misc. Coll., vol. 112, 490 pp., Nov. 1, 1949). The Washington Post, Nov. 29. 19491. Review. “Catalog of the termites (Isoptera) of the world,” T. E. Snyder (Smithsonian Misc, Coll., vol. 112, 490 pp., Nov. 1, 1949). U.S. Dept. Agric. Employee News Bull., Dec. 19. 1949k. Review. “Catalog of the termites (Isoptera) of the world,” T. E. Snyder (Smithsonian Misc. Coll., vol. 112, 490 pp., Nov. 1, 1949). Time, pp. 60, 62, Dec. 19. 1949]. 1st Ann. Rep. Commonwealth Sci. and Industr. Res. Org. Australia 1949. Entomology, termites, p. 54; forest products, p. 73. Canberra. 1949m. Comment protéger nos édifices contre les termites. Instructions pra- VOL. 130 tiques 4 l’usage des pays tropicaux et équatoriaux, 11 pp. Off. Rech. Sci. Colon., Paris. 1949n. Contact toxicity of jute sacking treated with insecticides. Ordnance Lab. Rep. BIO/40/71, 11 pp. Kanpur, Apr. 1950. White ants. Termite-proofing of buildings in Australia. Counc. Sci. and Industr. Res., Div. Forest Products, Sci. of Building Ser., Note S.B. 11, pp. 1-4, illustr. N.S. Wales. 1950a. Report on protection building tim- bers in South Africa against termites, wood-boring beetles and fungi. South African Counc. Sci. and Industr. Res., Ser. D.R., Nat. Building Res. Inst., pp. 1-218, 71 figs., 18 tables, diagrams. Pretoria. 1950b. What a termite inspection report should include. Pest Control, vol. 18, Noi2, p. 12. 1950c. Difference between ants and ter- mites. Loc. cit., vol. 18, No. 2, p. 16. 1950d. 2nd Ann. Rep. Commonwealth Sci. and Industr. Res. Org. Australia 1950. Entomology. (Termites, p. 62.) Can- berra. 1950e. Factors that influence the decay of untreated wood in service and com- parative resistance of different species. U.S. Dept. Agric., Forest Products Lab., processed pamphl. No. R. 68, pp. 1-5, revised Apr. 1950. 1950f. The termites or white ants; use of pestrol soil solution “B” or “S.S.B.” Bur. Pest Control Pamphl. 6, pp. 1-4, revised. Johannesburg. 1950g. Methods of applying wood pre- servatives. U.S. Dept. Agric., Forest Products Lab., processed pamphl. No. R. 154, pp. 1-23, revised May 1950. 1950h. Federal specifications for wood pre- servatives; recommended treating prac- tice. Fed. Stand. Stock Cat. Procure- ment Div., sec. 4 (pt. 5). TT-W-Nos. 531, 546, 549, 551, 556, 560, 566, 568, 570, 571¢, 573, 576 and 581. USS. Comm., Fed. Supply Serv., Gen. Serv. Admin. TT-W-571Ic, pp. 1-5, revision of TT-W-571b, 1941, pp. 1-7. 1950i. DDT, another soil poison for sub- terranean termite control. U.S. Dept. Agric., Bur. Ent. and Plant Quar., 2 pp. Sept. ro. 1950k. Termite-proofing specifications. U.S. Dept. Agric., Bur. Ent. and Plant Quar., 2 pp. Revised 1953. WHOLE VOL. 1951. Approved reference procedures for subterranean termite control. Nat. Pest Control Assoc.. New York, 250 pp., 44 diagrams. 1951a.) Insect) ‘pests. ‘Aeric., Gaz; N.S, Wales, vol. 62, pp. 187-190. N.S. Wales Dept. Agric. Ent. Br. Apr. 1951b. Revision of 1948. 1951c. 3rd Ann. Rep. Commonwealth Sci. and Industr. Res. Org. Australia 1951. Entomology. (Termites, pp. 64-65.) 1951d. Cryptogils-xylophénes pour le traite- ment des bois contre les termites, Soc. Xylochimie, Lyon. 28 pp. 1951e. Code manual for the state building construction code. State Building Code _ Comm., New York, sec. 3o01C. 1952. Real estate “clearances.” Pest Con- trol, vol. 20, No. 10, pp. 37-38. 1952a. Appeals court allows one termite damage tax deduction. Loc, cit., vol. 20; No. I, p.,.30. 1952b. Duratex for fumigation. Loc. cit., vol. 20, No. 12, p. 30. 1952c. Between the pincers of the ant-hill termite. Wolboer, vol. 5, No. 6, pp. 14-15, 29. Jan. (In Afrikaans.) 1952d. 4th Ann. Rep. Commonwealth Sci. and Industr. Res. Org. Australia 1952. Entomology. (Termites, p. 67.) 1952e. Minimum property requirements. Maryland and Virginia and the Dis- trict of Columbia. Fed. Housing Ad- min., sec. 409-A to 400F. 1953. Under wraps. (Methyl bromide fumigation against termites.) Dow Diamond, vol. 16, pp. 22-25. Feb. 1953a. What Kansas has done to insure uniform termite control. Pest Control, vol. 21, No. 1, pp. 27, 30. 1953a You, too, can prevent termite attack in basementless housing. Loc. cit., vol. 21, No. 2, pp. 9, 11, 36, 48, illustr. 1953b. Modern air compressor works wonders on Orkin termite jobs. Loc. cit., vol. 21, No. 2, p. 12, illustr. 1953c. U.S.D.A. changes insecticide act. Loc, cit, vol. 21, No.2) p: 38. 1953d. Atlanta members Georgia Pest Con- trol Association, BBB and Chamber of Commerce sponsor page termite warn- ing. Loc. cit., vol. 21, No. 5, pp. 209, 34. May. 1953¢e. Kansas T(ermite) and P(est) C(on- trol) A(ssociation) battles two years to end “fly-by-night” reign. Loc. cit., vol. 21, No. 6, pp. 29-30, 32, 34. June. 1953f. Investigations of insects affecting BIBLIOGRAPHY OF TERMITES: AUTHORS—SNYDER 157 forest products and’ the development of control methods. U.S. Dept. Agric., Bur. Ent. and Plant Quar., 1 p. 1953g- Does slab drilling really work? (Antimite Co.). Pest Control, vol. 21, No. 7, p. 42, fig. July. 1953h. Oklahoma PCA decided it wanted legislation. Loc. cit., vol. 21, No. 8, pp. 28, 30, 56. Aug. 19531. 1952 output of treated timber. Wood Preserving News, vol. 31, pp. 17-19. Oct. 1953k. Are arsenicals safe for termite con- trol? Pest Control, vol. 21, No. 10 PP. 42, 44, 46. Oct. 19531. Here’s the form one T(ermite) O(perator) uses for inspection report which costs $10.00. Loc. cit., vol. 27; No. 11, p. 29. Nov. 1953m. NPCA convention termite session covers slabs, “clearances,” inspection reports. Loc. cit., vol. 21, No. 12, pp. 20, 22. Dec. 1953n. Building for a lifetime. Wood Pre- serving News, vol. 31, No. 12, p. 13, 1 fig. Dec. 19530. U.S. Navy Pest Control, Dept. of Navy, Bur. Yards and Docks, Techn. Publ. Navdocks TP-Pu-2, pp. 37-52, figs. 41-59. May 15. 1953p. Kill the termites, save the shrubs. Agric. Res. (U.S. Dept. Agric.), vol. 1, No. 2, p. 16. Mar.-Apr. 1953q- Minimum property requirements for properties of one or two living units. Fed. Housing Admin., Hono- lulu Insuring Office Form 2279, re- vised. July 1953. (Termites, 406 E3, 409 A-F.) 1953r- Minimum property requirements for properties of one or two living units. Fed. Housing Admin., San Juan (Puerto Rico) Insuring Office Form 2216, revised. Aug. 1953. (Termites, 409 F.) 1953s. Note. Termites. 84th Rep. Ent. Soc. Ontario 1953, p. 148. 1954. Revision of 1950h, pp. 1-5. Federal specifications for wood preservatives, TT-W-571c (i.e. TT-W-571d). 1954a. “Do it yourself” fad invades termite control; what you can do about it. Pest Control, vol. 22, No. 6, pp. 43-44, 46. 1954b. Review. “Order Isoptera, The ter- mites of the United States and Can- ada,” Thomas E. Snyder (64 pp., 27 figs., Techn. Bull. Nat. Pest Control > 158 Assoc., New York). Amer. Inst. Biol. Sci., Nat. Res. Counc., vol. 4, No. 3, p. 10. July. 1954c. Note. Paraneotermes simplicicornis, Ariz. Coop. Econ. Insect Rep. US. Dept. Agric., vol. 4, No. 40, p. gio. Oct. 8. Araujo, R. L. 1954. Notes on the genus Paracornitermes Emerson 1949, with the descriptions of two new species (Isoptera, Termitidae, Nasutitermitinae), Rev. Brasil. Ent., vol. 1, pp. 181-189. Mar. Arpacu, F, D. 1930. Resistibility of Indian timbers to white ant attack. Indian Forester, vol. 56, No. 8, pp. 341-350. Allahabad. ARNOLD, G. 1914. Nest changing migrations in two species of ants. Proc. Rhodesian Sci. Assoc., vol 13, pp. 25-32, 1 pl. 1915. Monograph. Formicidae South Af- rica. Ann. South African Mus., vol. 14, pt. I, p. 45. AsHMEAD, W. H. 1901. Note. Termes flavipes, Caratomus sp. “supposed chalcidid parasite.” Proc. Ent. Soc. Washington, vol. 4, No. 1, Dv42: AssMUTH, J. 1910. Termitoxenia assmuthi Wasm., anat- omisch-histologische Untersuchung. Jn Diss. Berlin, pp. 1-55. (Diptera.) 1913. Termitoxenia assmutht Wasm., anatomisch-histologische Untersuchung. Halle Nova Acta Abh. Kais. Leop.- Carol Deutsch. Akad. Naturforsch., vol. 98, No. 2, pp. 187-316, 11 pls. Halle. 1913a. Wood-destroying white ants of the Bombay Presidency, Journ. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc., vol. 22, No. 2, pp. 372- 384, 4 pls. Sept. 30. 1915. Indian wood-destroying white ants (second contribution). Loc. cit., vol. 23, pp. 690-694. 1927. British Indian termites. Bull. Brook- lyn Ent. Soc., vol. 22, No. 3, pp. r7I- 773) AUCTORES. 1952. 2nd rev. ed. Iconographic insectorum Japonicorum. Hokuryukan, July. (Ter- mites, pp. 87-88, illustr.) AUDANT, A. 1946. Le problem des termites. Rev. Agric. d’Haiti, vol. 1, pp. 192-196. Apr. AupboulNn, J. V. 1825-1827. Explication sommaire des planches d’insectes de la commission d’Egypte. Paris. SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 130 1840. Observations sur certains insectes qui attaquent les bois employés dans les constructions. Ann. Sci. Nat., ser. 2, vol. 14, pp. 39-41. AuFFrretT, C., and Tancuy, F. 1949. Sur la valeur alementaire des ter- mites. Inst. Pasteur de l’Afrique Occi- dent. Franc. Rap. 1947, pp. 110-112. AULMANN, G. 1913. Die Schadlinge der Kautschuk- pflanzen. Termitidae. Faun. Deutsch. Kolon., vol. 5, No. 5, pp. 83-91, 6 figs. AYVARS SIS: 1948. Spring termites on the wing. Ameri- can Home, pp. 86-90, illustr. Apr. 1949. There’s a lot you can do to those terrible termites. Successful Farming, vol. 47, No. 6, pp. 90, 92. June. AzEMARD, ( ). 1914. Les insectes parasites des Arachides au Sénégal. L’Agron. Colon., Paris, vol. 1, No. 10, pp. 106-110. Apr. 30. Azevepo, L. A. MARQUE DE 1925. Termites, their habits and the meth- ods for combating them. Bol. Minist. Agric. Ind. Comm., Rio de Janeiro, vol. 14, pp. 392-394, 1 pl. Bacu, M. 1860. Die Termiten. Natur und Offen- barung, vol. 6, pp. 406-415, 444-460. Back, E. A. 1940. Bookworms (including termites). Ann. Rep. Smithsonian Inst. for 1939 (Publ. 3555), pp- 365-374, pls. 1-18. Bacon, G. 1913. A species of Collembola found with termites (Entomobrya binoculata). Journ. Ent. Zool., Claremont, Calif., Vol. 5, Pp. TTs. Bacot, A. 1900. Les Termites. La Nature, Ann. 28, Sem. 2, p. 309, 1 fig. Bape, E. 1935. Termites—destroyers of wood. Pract. Microsc., New York, vol. 2, No. 2, pp. 20-22, 29, fig. Sept-Oct. BaEcHLER, R. H. 1934. Corrosion of metal fastenings in zinc chloride treated wood. Industr. Eng. Chem., vol. 26, p. 1336. Dec. 1939. Corrosion of metal fastenings in zinc chloride treated wood, after 10 years. Proc. 35th Ann. Meeting Amer. Wood Preserv. Assoc., pp. 56-63. 1949. Corrosion of metal fastenings in zinc chloride treated wood, after 20 years. Proc. 45th Ann. Meeting Amer. Wood Preserv. Assoc., pp. 390-397. WHOLE VOL. Barra, W. J. 1940. Termite damage: preventives and remedies. Univ. Arkansas Agric. Exp. Sta. Bull. 385, pp. 27, figs. 11. Barrc, W. J., and Lincotn, C. 1947. Preventing termite damage. Arkan- sas Agric. Coll. Ext. C. 446, 10 pp. Little Rock. Baker, E. C. S. 1931. Nesting associations between birds and wasps, ants or termites in the Oriental region. Proc. Ent. Soc. Lon- don, vol. 6, pt. 1, pp. 34-37. Baker, E. W., and Wuarton, G. W 1952. An introduction to acarology, 465 Pp., 377 figs. Macmillan, New York. Baxpacct, E., in VIsINTIN. 1941-1942. Studi sulle termiti. 7-11. 9, Schizomiceti o protozoi_cellulolitici nell’intestino delle termiti? Riv. Biol. Colon., vol. 4, pp. 27-44, 55-62, 157- 159; vol. 5: 19-40. Apr.June 1941, Apr. 1942. Barpaccl, E., and Verona, O. 1940. Sulla presenza di schizomiceti cellu- losotici nell’intestino de Reticulitermes lucifugus e Calotermes flavicollis. Soc. Ital. Biol. Sper. Bol., vol. 15, No. 5, PP. 592-593. May. BALL, V. 1886. On the identification of plants and animals of India which were known to early Greek authors. Proc. Roy. Irish Acad., ser. 2, vol. 2, pp. 330-334. Battou, C. H. 1945. Notas sobre insectos daninos observa- dos en Venezuela 1938-1943. 3rd Conf. Interamer, Agric., July 24, 1945, I51 pp., illustr. (Isoptera, pt. 2, p. 87.) Battou, H. A. 1912. Insect pests of the Lesser Antilles. Imp. Dept. Agric. West Indies, Bar- bados, Pamphlet ser. No. 71, pp. 27, 74, 149, 150-151. Banks, C. S. 1904. Preliminary bulletin on insects of the cacao. Dept. Interior, Bur. Govt. La- Lor, 1903, No. 11; Biol. Lab, Ent. Div. Bull. No. 1. White ant or termite, pp. 1025-1026, pl. 21-24. Manila. Banks, N. 1907. Catalogue of Neuropteroid insects (except Odonata) of the United States. Amer. Ent, Soc. Philadelphia. Ter- mites, pp. 5-6. Baranovy, N. 1936. Eine neue Calliphorine-Art (Dipt.), die Termiten angreift. Ann. Mag. Nat. BIBLIOGRAPHY OF TERMITES: AUTHORS—SNYDER 159 Hist., ser. 10, vol. 17, pp. 646-651, 2 figs. Barber, H. G. 1914. Another queen of the “white ant” found. Journ. New York Ent. Soc., voli-227Noxr, p2g3. Mar. Barker, S. G. 1938. The rot-proofing of textiles. Chem. and Industry, pp. 1221-1229. Dec. 31. Barnarp, K. H. 1932. Contributions to the crustacean fauna of South Africa, No. 11, Terres- trial Isopoda. Ann. South African Mus., vol. 30, No. 2, pp. 179-388, 80 figs. Barreto, B. T. 1923. Algunas nuevas especies de termiti- dos de Cuba. Mem. Soc. Cubana Hist. Nat. Felipe Poey, vol. 5, pp. 106-109. BARROW, SIR JOHN. 1801. Accounts of travels into the interior of southern Africa in the years 1797- 1798, etc. London. Deutsche Ubens, Leipzig, pp. 74-401. Bart ett, K. A., and Prank, H. K. 1942. Entomological investigations by the Puerto Rico Station. Puerto Rico Sta. Rep. 1941, pp. 19-23. Barton, R. C. 1934. In Kofoid, 1934, 2d ed., pp. 711-714. An audio-amplifying system for ter- mite detection. Barton, R. C., MicHEener, H., and Hampton, W. H. 1934. In Kofoid, 1934, 2d ed., pp. 643-671. Power, telephone and telegraph lines. Bascu, S. 1865. Untersuchungen uber das Skelet und die Muskeln des Kopfes von Termes flavipes (Kollar). Zeitschr. Wiss. Zool., vol. 15, pp. 56-75, 1 pl. Bastin, H. 1912. White ants. Marvels of the Universe, vol. 17, pp. 691-696, fig. Basu, M. 1942. Preservation of books affected with insects. Sci. and Culture (India), vol. 7, No. 12, ps 617. BATEMAN, E. 1920-1922. A theory on the mechanism of the protection of wood by preserva- tives. Proc. 16th Ann. Meeting 1920, Amer. Wood Preserv. Assoc., pp. 251- 255; 17th, 1921, pp. 506-514; 18th, 1922, pp. 70-80. 1920a. Inaccuracy of treating records due to moisture in wood. Chem. Met. 160 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS Eng., vol. 22, No. 2, pp. 57-59, 6 tables. Jan. 14. 1920b. Relation between viscosity and penetration of creosote into wood. Loc. cit., vol. 22, No. 8, pp. 359-360. Feb. 25. 1924. Solutions of zinc chloride and pe- troleum oils. Proc. 20th Ann. Meeting 1924, Amer. Wood Preserv. Assoc., pp. 114-117, 139-140. (Note on toxicity of mixtures of creosote and petroleum oils.) BaTteMAN, E., and HENNINGSEN, C. 1923-1925. A theory on the mechanism of the protection of wood by preserva- tives. Proc. 19th Ann. Meeting 1923, Amer. Wood Preserv. Assoc., pp. 136- 144; 20th, 1924, pp. 33-37; 21st, 1925, pp. 22-28. 1925. The toxicity of petroleums. Proc. 21st Ann. Meeting 1925, Amer. Wood Preserv. Assoc., p. 57; Rep. Committee on Treatment of Posts, p. 245. BATERDEN, J. P. 1908. Timber. Archibald Constable and Co., London. (White ants, pp. 267- 268.) Bates, G. 1926. Cane pest combat and control. Giant white ants Mastotermes darwiniensts Frogg. Queensland Agric. Journ., vol. 25, pt. I, Pp- 4°5- Bates, H. W. 1854. On some particulars in the natural history and habits of termites. Proc. Linn. Soc. London, vol. 2, p. 333. 1855, 1858. Note. (Termites in the Ama- zons.) Zoologist, vol. 13, p. 4551. In Hagen (transl. into German), Linn. Ent., vol, 12, pp. 270-287. 1861-1864. A naturalist on the river Ama- zon, 2 vols., 466 pp., illustr. London. 1864 ed., pp. 109-113, 128, 185, 186. BATHELLIER, J. 1922. Sur le rdle des soldats del’Eutermes matangensis. C. R. Acad. Sci., Paris, vol. 175, No. 12, pp. 477-479. Sept. 18. 1922a. Sur la nature de la glu des Euter- mes. Ann. Sci. Nat. Zool., ser. 10, vol. 5, No. 6, pp. 399-403. Paris. 1923. Note sur les rapports d’un nid d’Eu- termes matangensis Haviland, avec un nid de Macrotermes. Loc. cit., ser. 10, vol. 6, pp. 403-409, 1 fig. 1923a. Sur les jardins 4 champignons de lEutermes matangensis Haviland. C. R. Acad, Sci., Paris, vol. 176, pp. 129-131. VOL. 130 1923b. Rectification 4 propos des nids d’Eu- termes. Loc. cit., vol. 177, pp. 430-431. 1924. Sur le développement de l’Eutermes matangensis. Loc. cit., vol. 179, No. 9, pp- 483-485. 1924a. Sur le développement de Macro- termes gilvus Hag. comparé a celui de l’Eutermes matangensis Hav. Loc. cit., vol. 179, pp. 609-612. 1925. Sur l’époque de la détermination des castes chez Macrotermes gilvus (Ha- gen). Loc. cit., vol. 181, pp. 54-55. 1925a. Sur l’époque de la détermination des castes chez Eutermes matangensis (Haviland). Loc. cit., vol. 181, pp. 153-154. 1927. Contribution a l'étude systématique et biologique des termites de I’Indo- Chine. Faune Colon. Franc., vol. 1, pp. 125-365, 13 pls., 113 figs. 1927a. Sur les dommages causés par deux espéces de Coptotermes indochinois. Rev. Bot. Appl. Agric. Colon., vol. 7 (Bull. 67), pp. 170-172. 1933. Dégats causés par les termites d’Indo- chine, aux végétaux vivants et aux bois d’oeuvre et les moyens d’y’ remédier. Trav..’Congr: > Int:) Ent; ‘Paris; 1932, vol. 5, No. 2, pp. 747-750. 1941. Sur le développement de Leucoter- mes (Reticulitermes) lucifugus Rossi. C. R. Acad. Sci., Paris, vol. 213, pp. 663-665. 1942. Note sur la substitution de la caste neotene aux sexues normaux chez Leucotermes (Reticulitermes) luctfugus Rossi (Isoptera). Bull. Soc. Ent. France, vol. 47, No. 11, pp. 181-182. Dec. Batra, H. N. 1942. Calendar for the control of major fruit pests in the North-West Frontier Province (India). NW. Front. Prov. Agric. Dept. Quart. Notes, vol. 4, Nos. 3-4, p. 15. July-Oct. BauMANN, E. 1882. Chemische Untersuchung von Bruch- stticken eines von Hrn. Reuleaux aus Australien mitgebrachten Ameisen oder Termitennestes. Vorbemerkung von E. du Bois-Reymond. Sitzber. Akad. Wiss. Berlin, vol. 20, pp. 419-424, 2 figs. Apr. 20. BAVENDAMM, W. 1948. Ist Tiek-holz Termitenfest? Holz- Zentralbl., vol. 74, p. 327. Aug. 31. 1948a. Die Priifung der natiirlichen Dauer- haftigkeit des Holzes, insbesondere des WHOLE VOL. Tropenholzes, gegen Pilze, Termiten und Bohrmuscheln. Zeitschr. Welt- forstw., vol. 12, pp. 137-144. Oct. Beat, J. A. (with assistance of W. Haliburton and F. B. Knight). 1952. Forest insects of the southeast: with special reference to species occurring in the Piedmont Plateau of North Carolina. Duke Univ. Sch. Forest. Bull. 14, pp. 3-168. Mar. BEALL, G. 1931. Notes on the termites of British Columbia. Proc. Ent. Soc. British Columbia, vol. 28, pp. 33-35. BEATTY, HI. ‘A: 1944. Fauna of St. Croix. Journ. Agric. Univ. Puerto Rico, vol. 28, Nos. 3-4, pp. 118-1109. Beatty, J. 1953. The bug that eats houses. Readers Digest, May, pp. 20-22, 1 fig. (col.). BreauFort, M. 1866. Ravages of white ants. Zoologist, ser. 2, vol. 1, pp. 527-528. Beavan, R. C. 1868. Termites, or white ants, in India. Intellect. Observer, vol. 12, pp. 381-383. BEcKER, G. 1942. Prifung von Textilien auf “Ter- mitenfestigkeit.” Melliand Textilber- ichte, vol. 23, pp. 523-527, 573-577. 1948. Uber Kastenbildung und Umweltein- fluss bei Termiten. Biol. Zentralbl., vol. 67, Nos. 9-10, pp. 407-444, 5 figs. 1949. Review. “Our enemy the termite,” T. E. Snyder (rev. ed., 1948). Zeitschr. Hyg. Zool., Jahrg. 37, No. 3, p. 93, Berlin. 1950. Prifung der “Tropeneignung” von Holzschutzmitteln gegen Termiten, II. Wiss. Abh. Deutsch. Materialpriifungs- anst., vol. 11, No. 7, pp. 62-76, 22 figs., 3 tables, bibliogr. Mar. 6 1950a. Der Wert von Steinkohlenteerdl- Bestandteilen ftir den Holzschutz. Zeitschr. Herstellung, Erforschung und Vielseitige Verwendung Bituminoser Stoffe, Jahrg. 1950, Heft 4, pp. 93-101, 10 figs, Apr. 1950b. Neue Erkenntnisse tber Fluor- Verbindungen im Holzschutz. Angew. Chemie, vol. 62, No. 16, pp. 382-385. 1951. Review. Catalog of the termites (Isoptera) of the world, T. E. Snyder (Smithsonian Misc. Coll., vol. 112, 490 pp., Nov. 1, 1949). Holzforschung, vol. 5, No. 4. 1952. Beobachtung der Kopulation bei BIBLIOGRAPHY OF TERMITES; AUTHORS—SNYDER 161 Calotermes flavicollis Fabr. (Isoptera.) Zool. Anz., vol. 148, Nos. 5-8, pp. 270- 273.0 :Apre 1952a. Review. Catalog of the termites (Isoptera) of the World, T. E. Snyder (Smithsonian Misc. Coll., vol. 112, 490 pp. Nov. 1, 1949). Zeitschr. Hyg. Zool., 40 Jahrg., Heft. 1-2, p. 43. Jan.- Feb. Berlin. 1952b. Untersuchungen tber die Schutz- wirkung von Pentachlorophenol gegen holzzerstérenden Insekten. Holz als Roh- und Werkst., vol. 10, pp. 341-352. Berlin. 1953. Die Termiten Guatemalas. Bull. Union Int. Etude Insectes Sociaux, vol. 1, No. 3, pp. 3-4. June. 1953a. Einige Beobachtungen wber holz- zerstorenden Insekten (Termiten und Kafer) in Guatemala. Zeitschr. Angew. Ent., vol. 35, No. 3, pp. 339-373. Dec. 1955. Review. Order Isoptera. The ter- mites of the United States and Canada, Thomas E. Snyder. (Nat. Pest Con- trol Assoc. Techn. Bull., 64 pp., 27 figs. 1954.) Holzforschung, vol. 9, No. 2. Brecker, G., ScHutze, B., and Scuuxz, E. 1942. Priifung der vorbeugenden Wirkung von Holzschutzmitteln gegen Ter- miten. Wiss. Abh. Deutsch. Material- prufungsanst., vol. 2, No. 3, pp. 40-55. Becker, G., and Sommer, H. 1946. Uber die Beriichsichtigung der Ge- brauchseinfltisse bei der Priifung von Textilien mit Sonderausriistung auf Termitenfestigkeit. Melliand Textil- berichte, Heidelberg, Heft 8, pp. 247- 251, 3 figs., 2 tables. Becker, G., and THEpEN, G. 1954. Annual report on wood protection 1951-52. Berlin-Dahlem. (Termites, pp. II, 21-24, 48, 62, 66, 67, 68, 84.) Becker, G., and WiEpERHOLT, W. 1951. Fluosilicathaltige Gemische fiir den Holzschutz mit herabgesetzter eisen- schadigender Wirkung. Holz als Roh- und Werkst., vol. 9, pp. 409-416. Berlin. Beckwitu, T. D., and Licurt, S. F. 1927. The spirals within the termite gut for class use. Science, vol. 66, No. 1722, pp. 656-657. Dec. 30. Beckwitu, T. D., and Rosg, E. J. 1929. Cellulose digestion by organisms from the termite gut. Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol. and Med., vol. 27, pp. 4-6. Breese, W. 1914. The pangolin or scaly anteater. Bull. 162 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS Zool. Soc. New York, vol. 17, pp. 1141- 1145. 1916. Fauna of 4 square feet of jungle debris. Zoologica, New York, vol. 11, No. 4, pp. 114, 116. 1918. A silky eater of ants. Bull. Zool. Soc. New York, vol. 21, No. 1, pp. 1561- 1506. 1918a. Jungle peace, pp. 158, 233. Henry Holt and Co., New York. BEEKMAN, H. igt9. De Djatitermiet (inger-inger) Calo- termes tectonae Dammerman. Meded. Proefstat. Boschwezen, Buitenzorg, vol. 4, Pp. 21-30, 5 pls. BEELEY, F. 1934. Experiments in control of the ter- mite pest of young rubber trees. Journ. Rubber Res. Inst. Malaya, Kuala Lum- pur, vol. 5, No. 2, pp. 160-175, 1 fig. Beeson, C. F. C. 1934. Control measures for termites. In- dian Forester, vol. 60, No. 1, pp. 64-78, 7 figs. 1934a. Control measures for termites. Quart. Techn. Bull. Ry. Board, vol. 3, pp. 19-25. Delhi. 1941. A guide to the control of termites for forest officers. Indian Forest Rec., n. s., Ent. vol. 4, No. 2, pp. 44-90, 9 figs. 1941a. The ecology and control of forest insects of India and neighboring coun- tries, pp. 1007. Dehra Dun. (Isoptera, PP- 524-553, figs. 151-155.) BeuM, H. W. 1950. Sechsbeinige Sonderlinge. Nat. und Nahr., vol. 4, Nos. 19-20, pp. 3-7. Oct. Bene, E. A. 1949. Application of pentachlorophenol as soil poison and wood preservative. Pests and Their Control, vol. 17, No. 3, pp. 19-20, 22, illustr. Mar. 1952. Wood preservation for the PCO. Pest Control, vol. 20, No. 9, pp. 23-24, 26, 2 figs.; vol. 20, No. 10, pp. 40, 42, 46, 2 figs. Sept., Oct. BELE. CAGtE. 1939. Report of the Division of Entomol- ogy and Pathology. Queensland Bur. Sugar Exp. Sta. Ann. Rep. 1939, pp. 45-49. Berry; 1. 1873-1874. The naturalist in Nicaragua, ed. 1, Everymans Library, Dutton Co., N.Y. 2d ed., 1874, pp. xvi+ 403. BENKERT, J. M. 1930. Chromosomal study of Reticuliter- VOL. 130 mes flavipes. Proc. Pennsylvania Acad. Sci., vol. 4, pp. 1-3. 1930a. Chromosome number of the male of the first form reproductive of Re- ticulitermes flavipes Kollar. Loc. cit., vol. 4, pp. 97-99. 1933. Comparison of the chromosomes of the soldier and king of Reticulitermes flavipes Kol. Loc. cit., vol. 7, pp. 121- 722) BENTLEY, G. M., and Rocers, J. L. 1931. Work of termites or “white ants” in Tennessee. Div. Plant Pest Control, Bull. 49, vol. 13, No. 2, pp. 1-22, 12 figs. BEQUAERT, J. C. 1913. Notes biologiques sur quelques four- mis et termites du Congo Belge. Rev. Zool. et Bot. Africaine, vol. 2, fasc. 3, pp. 396-431, 6 figs. May 30. 1921. Insects as food. How they have aug- mented the food supply of mankind in early and recent times. Nat. Hist., New York, vol. 21, No. 2, pp. 191-200, 8 figs. Mar.-Apr. 1925. Neotermes injurious to living Guava tree, with notes on other Amazonian termites. Ent. News, vol. 36, pp. 289- 204, «pls; Takia. 1930. Medical and economic entomology. Isoptera (of Liberia and the Belgian Congo), im Strong, Afric. Republ. Li- beria, Contr. Harvard Inst. Trop. Biol. and Med., vol. 2, No. 5, pp. 797-1001, 3 figs. Bequaert, J. C. et al. 1926. Medical report of the Hamilton Rice yth Expedition to the Amazon, etc. Contr. Harvard Inst. Trop. Biol. and Med., chap. 15, pp. 129-183. (Isoptera.) BERENSBERG, H. von P. 1907. Uses of insects as food delicacies, medicines or in manufactures. Natal Agric. Journ. and Min. Rec., vol. 10, No. 7, pp- 757-762, pl. 1. Bere, C. 1880*. La vida y costumbres de los ter- mitos. Conf. Pop. Soc. Cient. Argen- tina, pp. 1-16, 1 pl. Buenos Aires, Sept. 17. Bercer, B. G. 1947. How to recognize and control ter- mites in Illinois. Illinois Nat. Hist. Surv., Circ. No. 41, 44 pp., 32 figs. Feb. 2d ed., 1953. 1953a. Review of above. Berger reviews “Termite control.” Pest Control, vol. 21, No. 7, pp. 42, 50. July. WHOLE VOL. Bercer, E. W. 1918. Termite injury to sweet potatoes. Quart. Bull. State Plant Board of Flor- ida, vol. 2, No. 4, pp. 190-191, fig. 89. Gainesville, July. Berke ey, M. J. 1847. Decades of fungi. Ceylon fungi. Hookers’ London Journ. Bot., vol. 6, Pp. 479-514, pls. 17-20. Dec. 15-19. 1865. Note. (Damage and remedies, St. Helena.) The Technologist (London), vol. 5, p. 453- BERKELEY, M. J., and Broome, C. E. 1870. The fungi of Ceylon. Journ. Linn. Soc. London, Bot., vol. 11, pp. 494-567. 1871. Note. Trans. Linn. Soc., vol. 27, Durst. 1875. Enumeration of the fungi of Ceylon. Journ. Linn. Soc. London, Bot., vol. 14, Pp. 29-140, pls. 2-10. BERLAND, L. 1926. Le Calotermes flavicollis dans le Var. Feuille Nat., vol. 47, No. 27, pp. 72-73. 1951. Notes sur les nids Apicotermes d’Af- rique Noire. Notes Africaines, vol. 49, pp. 22-23. Jan. Beruiner, J. F. T. 1943. Methylourea-treated wood. South. Lumberman, vol. 167, No. 2105, pp. 140-141. Dec. 15. BERNARD, C. 1920. Termieten-Bestrijding. Meded. Proef- stat. Thee, Buitenzorg, vol. 68, pp. 28- 30. BERNARD, F. 1948. Termites of Fezzan (Tripoli). Miss. Sci. Fezzan, vol. 5, Zool., pp. 185-186. 1954. Rdle des insectes sociaux dans les terrains du Sahara. /n Biology of des- erts, symposium on biology of hot and cold deserts. London, publ. by Inst. Biol., pp. 104-111. (Incl. termites.) BERNHAUER, M. 1927. (New ant and termite guests (Staphy- linidae) from Africa, especially the Congo.) (In German.) Rev. Zool. et Bot. Africaine, vol. 15, No. 2, pp. 225- 240). 1927a. (New ant and termite guests from Africa, particularly the Congo. 14. Contribution to the Staphylinidae fauna of Africa.) (In German.) Loc. cit., vol. 15, No. 3, pp. 366-385. 1932. Neue Kurzfliigler aus dem belgischen Kongostaate. Loc. cit., vol. 22, No. 1, pp. 72-90; No. 2, pp. 140-174. 1938. Zwei neue termitophile Gattungen der Tribus Hygronomini: Subtribus BIBLIOGRAPHY OF TERMITES: AUTHORS—SNYDER 163 Corotocae. (47, Beitrag zur africa- nischen Staphilinidenfauna.) Ann. Mus. Civ. Storia Nat. Giacomo Doria, vol. 60, No. 17, pp. 119-126, 6 figs. Genova, Dec. 14. BERNOULLI, W. 1945. Bericht uber das Basler Naturhisto- rische Museum fir das Jahr 1944. Verh. Naturforsch. Ges. Basel, vol. 56 (1944-1945), pt. I, pp. 170-171, fig. 1, Microtermes. BERNSTEIN, T. 1928. Untersuchungen an Flagellaten aus dem Darmkanal der Termiten aus Turkestan. Arch. Protistenk. Jena, vol. 61, pp. 9-37, 4 figs., pls. 1-2. Berry, A. G. V., and Cater, J. C. 1941. Preliminary report on trials of cop- per naphthenates and mercuric naph- thenates as wood preservatives. Re- search Note, Empire Forest. Journ., vol. 20, No. 2, pp. 179-180. 1945. Interim report on trials of copper naphthenates and mercuric naphthe- nates as wood preservatives. Loc. cit., vol. 24, pp. 233-235. Dec. Bess, H. A. 1954. Note. (Coptotermes formosanus.) Proc. Hawaiian Ent. Soc. for 1953, vol. 15, No. 2, p. 274. Betts, H. S., and New in, J. A. 1915. Strength tests of structural timber treated by commercial wood preserving processes, U.S. Dept. Agric. Bull. 286 (Prof. Pap.), pp. 1-15, 3 tables, 7 figs. (diagrams). Sept. 27. BetrziecH-Beta, H. 1860. Termiten oder weissen Ameisen. (M. Bolzschn.) Natur, vol. 9, pp. 244- 245, 260-262. Brancul, A. T. J. 1932. Nadere gegevens omtrent de aan- tasting paalworm en andere in zee en brakwater levende dieren. Meded. Boschbouwproefsta., vol. 25, pp. I0I- 147. Bipsy, F. F. 1947. Notes on the insect fauna of the Samar Group, Philippine Islands. Philippine Journ. Sci., vol. 77, No. 1, p. 79. Manila, May. BickuarptT, H. 1916. Histeridae. Genera Insect., Fasc. 166, pp. 302, 15 pls. Brinig, G. 1882. White ants eroding glass. Nature, vol. 26, No. 675, p. 549. 164 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS Birstnc, S. W. 1954. What you should know about ter- mite biology. Pest Control, vol. 22, No. 6, pp. 48, 56. June. 1954a. What you should know about ter- mite biology. Loc. cit., vol. 22, No. 8, pp. 30, 32. Aug. BincHaM, C. T. 1903. The fauna of British India, includ- ing Ceylon and Burma. II, Ants and cuckoo wasps, pp. xix+506, 161 figs., 1 pl. London. BLACKBURN, T. 1884. Notes on Hawaiian Neuroptera, with description of new species. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 5, vol. 14, p. 413. Brake) GC. Hs 1937. What are termites? Bull. New Eng- land Mus. Nat. Hist., No. 83, pp. 3-9, fig. 1939. They attack wood. Techn. Rev., vol. 41, No. 3, pp. 1-4, 9 figs. Massa- chusetts Inst. Techn., Cambridge, Jan. 1941. Ants preying on termites. (Hymen., Formicidae; Isoptera, Rhinotermiti- dae.) Ent. News, vol. 52, No. 2, p. 38. 1941a. Termites taken by birds. General notes. Auk, vol. 58, No. 1, pp. gt-110. Brake, C. H., and Russert, H. D. * 1944. Final report on insects and animals of interest to the Quartermaster Corps, pp. 1-356. Jan. 22. BLanprorp, W. F. H. 1896-1897. The constitution and develop- ment of the society of termites, etc. (transl. Grassi and Sandias, 1893-1894). Quart. Journ. Micr. Sci., n. s., vol. 39, PP. 245-322; vol. 40, pp. 1-82. 1897. The social system of termites. Na- ture, vol. 56, pp. 517-518. 1898. The social system of termites. Journ. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc., vol. 11, pp. 529-532. BeEw, J. O. 1945. Report of Committee 7-9. Post serv- ice records. Proc. 41st Ann. Meeting Amer. Wood Preserv. Assoc., p. 82, 2 tables. 1947. Comparison of preservatives in Mississippi fence-post study after 10 years of service. Proc. 43rd Ann. Meet- ing Amer. Wood Preserv. Assoc., pp. 26-41. 1948. Comparison of wood preservatives in stake tests. Proc. 44th Ann. Meet- ing Amer. Wood Preserv. Assoc., pp. 88-119. VOL. 130 1949. Post service records. Proc. 45th Ann. Meeting Amer. Wood Preserv. Assoc., PP- 255-293. 1950. Comparison of wood preservatives in Mississippi post study (1950 progress report). U.S. Dept. Agric., Forest Products Lab. processed pamphl. No. R1757, 11 pp., 2 tables. Apr. 1950a. Comparison of wood preservatives in stake test (1950 progress report). U.S. Dept. Agric., Forest Products Lab. processed pamphl. No. R1761, 7 pp., 19 tables, 1 fig. May. 1951. Comparison of wood preservatives in Mississippi post study (1951 progress report). U.S. Dept. Agric., Forest Products Lab. processed pamphl. No. R1757, 11 pp., 2 tables. Apr. 1952. Comparison of wood preservatives in Mississippi post study (1952 progress report). U.S. Dept. Agric., Forest Products Lab. processed pamphl. No. Rr757, II pp., 2 tables. Mar. 1953. Comparison of wood preservatives in stake test (1953 progress report). U.S. Dept. Agric., Forest Products Lab. processed pamphl. No, R1761, 42 pp., 27 tables, 1 fig. Apr. 1954. Comparison of wood preservatives in stake test (1954 progress report). U.S. Dept. Agric., Forest Products Lab. processed pamphl. No. R1761, 42 pp., 29 tables, 1 fig. Mar. Biew, J. O., and Cuampion, F. J. 1952. Preservative treatment of fence posts and farm timbers. U.S. Dept. Agric. Bull. 2049, pp. 33. Biew, J. O., and Kup, J. W. 1953. Comparison of wood preservatives in Mississippi post study (1953 prog- ress report). U.S. Dept. Agric, For- est Products Lab. processed pamphl. R1757, 14 pp. Mar. 1954. Comparison of wood preservatives in Mississippi post study (1954 prog- ress report). U.S. Dept. Agric., For- est Products Lab. processed pamphl. R1757, 13 pp. Jan. Buizporp, P. A. 1941. Do certain termite queens migrate? Ent. Meded. van Nederland. Indie, vol. 7, Nos. 3-4, pp. 49-52, 2 figs. Dec. 16. Bose-Moreav, C. J. 1843. Mémoire sur les termites observés 4 Rochefort et dans divers autres lieux de département de la Charente-In- WHOLE VOL. férieure, pp. xliv+122, 1 pl. Hus, Saintes. BoDENHEIMER, F. S. 1935. Animal life in Palestine, pp. 327, 320. Jerusalem. 1937. Population problems of social insects. Biol. Rev. Cambridge Phil. Soc., vol. 12, No. 4, pp. 393-430, 10 figs. 1951. Insects as human food, 352 pp. W. Junk, The Hague. (Termites, pp. 144-160.) Borpijn, K. B. 1938. A new species of the genus Podo- stroma from Africa. Ann. Mycol., vol. 36, No. 4, pp. 314-316. Boétscue, W. 1931. Der Termitenstaat, Schilderung eines geheimnisvollen Volkes. Kosmos, Ges. Naturfreunde, Stuttgart, 79 pp., 21 figs. Borner, C. 1913. Neue Cyphoderinen (Collembola). Zool. Anz., vol. 41, pp. 274-284. Jan. 31. Bovine, A. G. 1927. The larva of Nevermannia dorca- tomoides Fisher with comments on the classification of the Anobiidae ac- cording to their larvae (Coleoptera, Anobiidae). Proc. Ent. Soc. Washing- ton, vol. 29, No. 3, pp. 51-62, pl. 3, 11 figs. Borra, G. D. : 1949. Gli insetti dannosi all’ agricoltura e i moderni metodi e mezzi di lotta, 978 pp., illustr. Milan, June 10. (Ter- mites, pp. 64-65.) BorFinet (Pére). 1842. Récherches sur le Termes de la Cha- rente-Inférieure. Rec. Périod. Soc. Agric. St. Jean d’Angely, pp. 546-559. 1853. Notices sur les termites de la Cha- rente-Inférieure. Act. Soc. Linn. Bor- deaux, ser. 2, vol. 9, No. 19, pp. 145- 157. BonAVENTuRA, G. 1953. (Notes and observations on termite control.) (In Italian.) Pp. 1-12. Rome 1953a. (The termites in Umbria.) (In Italian.) Pp. 1-32. Rome. 1953b. Termites and the plane tree of S. Benedetto at Naples (in Italian.) Nuovo Gior. Bot. Ital. (n.s.), vol. 60, p. 893. Bonavia, E, 1865. Note. (Preventive measures gaol, Lucknow.) Technologist, vol. 5, pp. 237-238. London. Bonp, J. 1951. Wanted: immediate offensive on BIBLIOGRAPHY OF TERMITES: AUTHORS—SNYDER 165 citadels of white ant. Veldtrust, vol. 12, No. 10, pp. 16-17. Oct. Bonpar, G. 1939. Insetos daninhos e parasitas do cacau na Bahia. Bahia Inst. Cacau, Bol. Téc. (sér. prag. e molest.), No. 5, pp. 1-112, BonneEVILLE, P. P. 1936. Récherches sur l’anatomie micro- scopique des termites. Arvernia Biol., Clermont Ferrand, vol. 15, pp. 1-127, 2 pls, 26 figs. Imprimeries Paul Vallier. 1936a. Origine ectodermique de certaines parties du tissue adipeux royal des ter- mites. C. R. Acad. Sci., Paris, vol. 202, Pp. 230-243, 1 pl., 5 figs. BorcGMEIER, T. 1923. Contribuicao para o conhecimento dos Phorideos do Brasil. (Diptera, Phoridae.) Arch. Mus. Nac. Rio de Janeiro, vol. 24, pp. 323-346. 1924. Novos generos e especies de Phori- deos do Brasil. Bol. Mus. Nac. Rio de Janeiro, vol. 1, No. 3, p. 167. Mar. 1935. Eine augenlose termitophile Phoride aus Brasillen, nebst Beschreibung einer neuen Pheidolomyia (Dipt., Phoridae). Rev. Ent., Rio de Janeiro, vol. 5, No. 4, pp. 488-495, 8 figs. 1950. Neue Gattungen und Arten termito- philer Staphyliniden aus Brasilien, nebst einem Katalog aller bisher aus der Neotropischen Region _ beschrie- benen Arten. (Col., Staph.) Loc. cit., 1950, pp. 625-676. Dec. 1954. Zur Kenntnis der _ termitophilen Pselaphiden Brasiliens (Coleoptera, Pselaphidae). Rev. Brasil. de Biol., vol. 14, pp. 201-214. June. Borre, P. DE 1875. Note sur des empreintes d’insectes fossiles découvertes dans les schistes houillers des environs de Mons. C. R. Soc. Ent. Belgique, vol. 18, p. xlii, 1 pl. Borror, D. J., and DeLone, D. M. 1954. An introduction to the study of in- sects, pp. v-+ 1030, illustr. Rinehart and Co., New York. (Termites, chap. 10, pp. 143-150, figs. 10-1 to 10-4.) Bosz, S. R. 1923. The fungi cultivated by the termites of Barkuda. Rec. Indian Mus., vol. 25, No. 2, pp. 253-258. 1 pl., 1 fig. Apr. BotroMiey, A. M., and Futter, C. 1921. The fungus food of certain termites. South African Journ. Nat. Hist., vol. 3, No. I, pp. 139-144, 223, 2 pls. June. 166 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS Boucomont, A. 1936. Drei neue termitophile Acantho- cerinen aus Costa Rica. (Scarab., Acan- thocerinae). Ent. Bl, Berlin, vol 32, pp. 229-231. Bouvier, E. L. 1896. Un cable-télégraphique attaqué par les termites. C. R. Acad. Sci., Paris, vol. 123, No. 9, pp. 429-431. 1918. The psychic life of insects, 299 pp. E. Flammarion, Paris. 1922. (Translation of above by L. O. Howard, Century Press, New York.) 1926. Le communisme chez les insectes, 291 pp., illustr. E. Flammarion, Paris. Bowe, E.E. 1934. In Kofoid, 1934, 2d ed. Municipal laws, pp. 743-745. Box, Ha:E- 1953. List of sugar cane insects. Common- wealth Inst. Ent., London. tor pp. (Isoptera, pp. 56-58.) Boys, W. J. E. 1846. Note. (Termites of India.) Proc. Ent. Soc. London 1846, pp. cli-clii. BRADLEY, J. C. 1g19. An entomological cross section of the United States. Sci. Monthly, vol. 8, Nos. 4-5, Pp. 356-377, 403-420, 514-526, illustr. (Localities where Prof. W. M. Wheeler collected termites.) Brain, C. K. 1924. Note. (Microphone.) Ann. Univ. Stellenbosch, vol. 1, sec. A, No. 2, pp. 45-47. Cape Town, South Africa, July. BranpAo, Firno, J. S. 1943. Combate aos cupins (termites). Ministérie Agric., Serv. Inform. Agric., Rio de Janeiro, pp. 1-3 (S.I.A. 621). 1949. (Termite control.) (In Portuguese.) Brincar e Aprender, vol. 7, No. 31, pp. 6, 32. Jan.-Mar. BRANNER, J. C. 1900. Ants as geologic agents in the Trop- ics. Journ. Geol., Chicago, vol. 8, pp. 151-153, 3 figs. 1910. The luminosity of termites. Science, n. s., vol. 31, No. 784, pp. 24-25. 1g10a. The luminosity of termites. Loc. cit., vol. 32, No. 819, p. 342. 1911. Geologic work of ants in tropical America. Ann. Rep. Smithsonian Inst., Pp. 303- 1g911a. Geologic work of ants in tropical America. Bull. Geol. Soc. Amer., vol. 21, Pp- 449-496. Brauer, F. 1876. Die Neuropteren Europas und insbe- VOL. 130 sondere Oesterreichs mit Riicksicht auf ihre geographische Verbreitung. Festsch. 25 Jahr. Bestehens, Zool.-Bot. Ges. Wien, pp. 265-300. 1896. Betrachtungen tber die Verwand- lung der Insecten in Sinne der Des- cendenztheorie (L). Verh. Zool.-Bot. Ges. Wien, vol. 19, pp. 279-318. Brauns, H. 1900. Ein neuer termitophiler Aphodier aus dem Orange-Freistaat. Ann. Nat. Hofmus. Wien, vol. 15, pp. 164-168, I pl. Breck, P. A. 1953. Locate slab heat pipes with isotopes. Pest Control, vol. 21, No. 5, p. 32. May. BrEDDIN, G. 1903. Eine termitophile Lygaide. Soc. Ent., Vol. 19; Pp: 75: BreppDIN, G., and Borner, C. 1904. Uber Thaumatoxena wasmanni, den Vertreter einer neuen Unterordnung der Rhynchoten. Sitzber. Ges. Naturf. Freunde Berlin, pp. 84-93. Brew, A. E. 1855. Reiseskizzen aus Nord-Ost-Afrika 1847-1852, etc., 3 vols. Jena. 1864-1869. Illustrirtes Thierleben (Insek- ten), vol. 6, by E. L. Taschenberg. 1884. Illustrirtes Thierleben (Insekten), vol. 6, by E. L. Taschenberg, pp. 522- 534, 1 col. pl., 2 text figs. 1892. Illustrirtes Thierleben (Insekten), vol. 9, pp. 764, 1,800 figs., 9 pls., 180 col. pls., 1 map. Leipzig and Wien. (Termites, pp. 560-573.) 1953. Illustrirtes Thierleben (Insekten), vol. 1. Leipzig. BrIpWELL, J. C. 1920. Some notes on Hawaiian and other Bethylidae, etc. Proc. Hawaiian Ent. Soc., vol. 4, No. 2, p. 301. June. BriM ey, C. S. 1938. The insects of North Carolina. North Carolina Dept. Agric., Raleigh. (Termites, p. 28.) BRINKER, R. C. 1936. Creosoted poles prove value in Ha- waii. Wood Preserving News, vol. 14, No. 7, pp. 81-82, go, 2 figs. July. BrisTowE, W. S. 1932. Insects and other invertebrates for human consumption in Siam. Trans. Ent. Soc. London, vol. 80, No. 2, pp. 387-404, 1 fig. Britrain, W. H. 1925. Calcium cyanide and its utilization WHOLE VOL. in the control of mound-building ter- mites or white ants. Bengal Agric. Journ., vol. 5, Nos. 3-4, pp. 82-87. Dacca. 1926. Calcium cyanide and its utilization in the control of insect pests in Ceylon. Trop. Agriculturist, Peradeniya, vol. 67, No. 1, pp. 45-48. July. 1928. Experiments in the control of scaven- ger termites in India and Ceylon by means of calcium cyanide. /n research in the development of Cyanogas, cal- cium cyanide, sec. 41, pp. I15-124, 2 figs. Amer. Cyanide Co., New York. Britton, W. E. 1933. Buildings injured by white ants or termites. Connecticut Agric. Exp. Sta. Bull. 349, pp. 451-452. Mar. Bromtey, E. H. 1948. The swarming of termites. Malayan Nat. Journ., vol. 3, No. 2, pp. 93-95. Brook, A. A. 1930. Orange County. Certified termite control. Monthly Bull. Dept. Agric., State of California, vol. 19, No. 1, pp. 71-73. Sacramento, Jan. Brooks, R. 1763. The natural history of insects with their properties and uses in medicine, vol. 4. London. (“Woodlice,” pp. 271- 272.) Brooks, R. L., Apamson, A. M., Baker, R. E. D., and Crowpy, S. H. 1941. Durability tests on untreated timbers in Trinidad. Caribbean Forester, vol. 2, No. 3, pp. ror-119. Apr. Broun, T. 1905. Notes on termites, commonly termed “white ants,” with special reference to the destruction of timber by Caloter- mes brouni. Rep. Dept. Agric. New Zealand, vol. 13, pp. 430-436, 2 pls. Browman, L. G. 1935. The chitinous structures in the pos- terior abdominal segments of certain female termites. Journ. Morph., vol. 57, No. I, pp. 113-129, 14 figs. Mar. 5. Brown, A. A. 1934. In Kofoid, 1934, 2d ed. Introduction, Pp. XXI-XXxiv. 1936. Report of the San Francisco termite survey. City and County of San Fran- cisco, Dept. Public Works, Project No. 2-F2-342, 46 pp., 28 figs., 4 tables. May. Brown, B., and Smirn, R. 1954. The relationship of the concentra- tion of acetic acid in normal and de- BIBLIOGRAPHY OF TERMITES: AUTHORS—SNYDER 167 faunated termites. Mendelian, vol. 25, No. 2, pp. 19-20. Mobile, Ala., Dec. Brown, C. B. 1876. Canoe and camplife in British Gui- ana, 1st ed., p. 154. London. 1916. Im Chubb’s Birds of British Guiana, vol. 1, p. 433. Brown, G. V. E. 1931. The morphology of Spironympha, with a description of a new species from Reticulitermes hesperus Bks. Journ. Morph. and Physiol., vol. 51, No. 1, pp. 291-307, 2 pls. Mar. 5. Brown, J. M. 1920. A new termitophilous Collembolan from West Africa. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 9, vol. 6, pp. 480-482. Nov. Brown, V. E. 1930. On the morphology of Spirotricho- nympha with a description of two new species from Reticulitermes hagent Banks. Arch. Protistenk. Jena, vol. 70, PP- 517-530, 3 pls. 1930a. Hypermastigote flagellates from the termite Reticulitermes: Torquenympha octoplus gen. nov., sp. nov., and two new species of Microjoenia. Univ. California Publ. Zool., vol. 36, No. 3, pp. 67-80, pls. 4-5. Berkeley. Brown, W. G. 1806. Travels in Africa 1792-1798, pp. 206- 303. Londen. Brown, W. H. 1918. The fungi cultivated by termites in the vicinity of Manila and Los Bajos. Philippine Journ. Sci. (C), Bot., vol. 13, No. 4, pp. 223-231, 2 pls. July. Bruce, C. A. 1938. Lumber dealers should know these things about termites. Amer. Lumber- man, Feb. 26, 1 p. Bruce, E. L. 1931. Protection to forest products against attack by termites, pp. 7-9. E. L. Bruce Co., Memphis, Tenn. Bruce, J. 1790-1813. Travels to discover the source of the Nile, in the years 1768-1773, 5 vols., Edinburgh. Ed. 2, 7 vols., Lon- don, 1805, atlas in 4. do., Edinburgh, 1813. Deutsche Ubers. J. S. Volkmann, Leipzig 1790-1791, vol. 3, p. 167. Brucu, C. 1930. Coléopteros nuevos y poco conocidos. Rev. Soc. Ent. Argentina, vol. 3, No. 1, PP- 31-42, 3 pl., 4 figs. 1931. Algunos mirmecéfilos y termitdfilos nuevos y poco conocidos de la Argen- 168 tina. Rev. Ent., Sao Paulo, vol. 1, No. 4, pp. 387-395, 1 pl., 3 figs. 1937. Coléopteros: mirmecéfilos y termité- filos (Col., Hist., Staph.), Entomologia, Publ. No. 153, pp. 125-133, illustr. Aug. Mus. Argentino Cienc. Nat., “Bernar- dino Rivadavia” Anales, vol. 39, 1937- 1938. Buenos Aires. Brues;' C. I. 1902. Two new Texan ant and termite guests. Ent. News, vol. 13, No. 6, pp. 184-188, pl. 9. June. (Termites, pp. 186-188.) 1906. Phoridae. Genera Insectorum, fasc. 44, pp. 16-17. P. Wytsman. 1908. Some stages in the embryology of certain degenerate Phoridae and the supposed hermaphroditic genus Ter- mitoxenia. Science, n. s., vol. 27, No. 703, P. 942. 1923. Termitobracon, a_ termitophilous Braconid from British Guiana. Zoolog- ica, New York Zool. Soc., vol. 3, No. 22, \p.FA32" OCt nr: 1932. Phoridae associated with ants and termites in Trinidad. Psyche, vol. 39, No. 4, pp. 134-138. 1932a. Notes on some tropical Phoridae. Loc. cit., vol. 39, No. 4, pp. 139-144. 1946. Insect dietary, 466 pp., 68 figs., 22 pls. Harvard Univ. Press, Cambridge, Mass. (Termites, pp. 23-24, 43, 420.) 1947. Predatory enemies of winged ter- mites. Proc. Ent. Soc. Washington, vol. 49, No. 6, pp. 167-168. June 11. Bruges, C. T., and Dunn, R. C. 1945. The effect of penicillin and certain sulpha drugs on the intracellular bac- teroids of the cockroach. Science, vol. 100, No. 2622, pp. 336-337. (Ref. to Mastotermes.) Brues, C. T., and MeELanoer, A. L. 1932. Classification of insects. Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., vol. 73, pp. 93-96, figs. 118-124, Brues, C. T., MELANpeErR, A. L., and CarpEn- TER, F. M. 1954. Classification of insects. Keys to the living and extinct families of insects. Loc. cit., vol. 108, pp. 121-125, figs. 48- 54. Mar. BRuNELLI, G. 1904. Ricerche sull’ ovario degli insetti sociali. Atti R. Accad. Lincei Rend., ser. 5, vol. 13, Sem. 1, pp. 285, 350-356. 1905. Sulla struttura dell’ ovario dei ter- mitidi. Loc. cit., ser. 5, vol. 14, Sem. 2, pp. 121-126, 2 figs. SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 130 rgo5a. Sulla distruzione degli oociti nelle regini dei termitidi infette da protozoi. Loc. cit., ser. 5, vol. 14, Sem. 2, pp. 718-721, 1 fig. 1906. Sulla distruzione degli oociti nelle regini dei termitidi infette da protozoi ed altre ricerche sull’ ovario degl’ in- setti. Loc. ‘cit., ‘ser75, vol. “15; Sem. 1, PP. 55-62. Bruner, S. C., Scaramuzza, L. C., and Orero, A. R. 1945. Catalogo de los insectos que atacan a las plantas economicas de Cuba, Estac. Exp. Agron. Santiago de las Vegas Bol. No. 63, 246 pp., 12 pls. (Termites, pp. 35-36, 44, 129, 157.) BRUNSCHWILER, J. 1951. Holzchadlinge mit einer Anleitung uber Vorbeugungs- und Bekampfungs- massnahmen, 104 pp., illustr. Zurich. VSSM-Verlag. (Isoptera, pp. 67-69.) Brusu, W. D. 1939. The Luans. Forest Service, US. Dept. Agric., pp. 1-11. Oct. Bryan, W. A. 1915. Natural history of Hawaii, pp. 402, 425. Honolulu. Bryk, F. 1927. Termitenfang am Fusse des Mount Elgon. Ent. Rundschau, vol. 44, No. 1, Pp. 1-3, 4 figs. 1929. Termiten und Negerleben. Volker- kunde 5, pp. 150-163. Bucuuotrz, R. 1876. Note. (Nests.) Mitt. Naturw. Ver. Neu-Vorpommern u. Rigen, vol. 8, Pp. XV-XViii. Bucuul, H. H. R. 1950. La parthénogenése, les rapports entre sexués et leur influence sur la ponte chez Reticulitermes lucifugus Rossi (Rhinotermitidae). C. R. Acad. Sci., Paris., vol. 230, pp. 1697-1699. May 8. 1950a. Recherches sur la foundation et le développement des nouvelles colonies chez le termite lucifuge (Reticuliter- mes lucifugus Rossi). Physiol. Compar. et Oecologia, The Hague, vol. 2, pp. 145-160, 3 pls., 3 figs. Dec. 30. 1951. Les potentialités évolutives des castes chez le Reticulitermes de Saintonge (Rhinotermitidae). Loc. cit., vol. 233, pp. 206-208. July 9. 1952. Antennopsis gallica, a new parasite on termites. Trans. oth Int. Congr. Ent., Amsterdam 1951, vol. 1, pp. 519- 524, 3 figs. WHOLE VOL. 1952. Im Liischer, 1952b. Comment on inhibition of neoteinics in Reticuliter- mes, Pp. 293-294. Bucuner, P. 1928. Holznahrung und Symbiose, 64 pp., 22 figs. J. Springer, Berlin. Buckman, S. J. 1936. Creosote distribution in wood. In- dustr. Eng. Chem., vol. 28: 474-480. Apr. Buckman, S. J., Brown, R. Y., and Gay, W.H 1945. Nonpressure treatment of wood. III, Solvents, equipment, and methods for treatment of wood with low vis- cosity oil solutions of pentachloro- phenol. South. Lumberman, vol. 171, No. 2146, pp. 35-42, 14 figs. Sept. Buckman, S. J., and Pera, J. D. 1942. Nonpressure treatment of wood. I, Cold soaking treatment of southern pine sapwood with low viscosity oil solution of pentachlorophenol. Loc. cit., 1942, pp. 1-4, 4 figs. Dec. Buckman, S. J., Pera, J. D., and Brown, Rey 1943. Nonpressure treatment of wood. II, Soaking treatment of preheated south- ern pine sapwood with low viscosity oil solution of pentachlorophenol. Loc. cit., vol. 167, No. 2105, pp. 156-158, 4 figs., 1\table. Dec.:-25. Bucnion, E. 1909. Biologie du termite noir de Ceylan (Eutermes monoceros de Koenig). Arch. Soc. Phys. Nat. Genéve, ser. 4, vol. 28, pp. 509-511. 1910. Le termite noir de Ceylan (Eutermes monoceros Koen.). Ann. Soc. Ent. France, vol. 78, No. 3, pp. 271-281, 3 pls. Feb. 1g10a. Observations relatives 4 l’industrie des termites. Loc. cit., vol. 79, No. 2, pp. 129-144, 1 fig. Oct. 1g10b. Note. (Termites Ceylon.) Bull. Soc. Zool. France, vol. 35, pp. 103-105. 1911. Le Termes ceylonicus. Rev. Suisse Zool., vol. 19, No. 15, pp. 383-395, 2 pis. 1912. Observations sur les termites de Cey- lan. Différenciation des castes. Bull. Soc. Vaud. Sci. Nat., vol. 48, pp. xli- xliii. 1912a. Observations sur les termites. Dif- férenciation des castes. C. R. Soc. Biol., Paris, vol. 72, pp. 1091-1094, 2 figs. 1913. Termitoxenia. Etude anatomoc-his- BIBLIOGRAPHY OF TERMITES: AUTHORS—SNYDER 169 tologique. Ann. Soc. Ent. Belgique, vol. 57, pp. 23-44, 3 pls. Jan. | 1913a. Sur les Termitoxenia. Bull. Soc. Zool. France, vol. 38, pp. 121-123. 1913b. Nouvelles observations sur le ter- mite noir de Ceylan. (Eutermes mono- ceros.) Bull. Soc. Ent, Suisse, vol. 12, No. 4, pp. 119-123. Apr. 1913c. Le bruissement des termites. Loc. cit. vol. 12, No. 4, pp. 125-135, 136- 139, 1 pl. 1913d. Les moeurs des termites cham- pignonistes (de Ceylan). Bibl. Univ. Lausanne, June, pp. 552-583, 1 pl. 1913e. Liste des termites indo-malais, avec Pindication du nombre des articles des antennes dans les trois castes. Bull. Soc, Vaud. Sci. Nat., vol. 49, No. 180, pp. 165-172. Sept. 1913f. Les termites de Ceylan avec quelques indications sur la distribution géographique de ces insectes. La Globe, Genéve (Mém.), vol. 52, pp. 24-58, 8 pls. 1914. Le Termitogeton umbilicatus Hag. (de Ceylan). Ann. Soc. Ent. France, vol. 83, No. 1, pp. 39-47, 1 pl. t914a. Les pieces buccales de Eutermes de Ceylan. Loc. cit., vol. 83, pp. 351- 364, 1 pl. 4 figs. t914b. La biologie des termites de Ceylan. Bull. Mus. Hist. Nat. Paris, vol. 20, No. 4, pp. 170-204, 8 pls. Apr. 28. tot4c. Liste des publications du Dr. E. Bugnion, 8 pp. Lausanne. 1914d. Les moeurs des termites cham- pignonistes (de Ceylan). Bull. Soc. Nat. Acclim. France, vol. 61, pp. 532-535- Paris. t914e. Observations sur le genre Termitox- enia. Mitt. Schweiz. Ent. Ges., vol. 12, pp. 218-220. 1917. Instructions destinées aux collection- neurs de termites. Bull. Soc. Nat. Acclim. France, vol. 64, pp. 451-457. Paris, Dec. Reprint, pp. 1-9. 1920. Le termite lucifuge dans les Basses- Pyrénées. Rev. Hist. Nat. Appl., vol. 1, No. 2, pp. 49-51. ~ 1922. La guerre des fourmis et des ter- mites, la genése des instincts expliquée par cette guerre. Jn Forel, Le monde social des fourmis, vol. 3 (appendix), Pp. 173-225, 8 pls. 1923. Remarques sur la note de M. Bathel- lier (. . . . 4 propos des nids d’Euter- mes). C. R. Acad. Sci., Paris, vol. 177, P- 432. 170 1927. The origin of instinct. A study of the war between the ants and the ter- mites. Psyche Monographs No. 1, pp. 1-44, 8 pls. London. (Translation of Bugnion, 1922.) 1928. Review. “Le développement des soldats termites,” A. E. Emerson. Ann. Sci. Nat. Zool., roth ser., vol. 40, pp. 261-284, 9 figs. 1933. Le termite noir de Ceylan (Euter- mes monoceros). Souvenirs de Seeni- goda. Terre et la Vie, vol. 3, No. 4, pp. 195-206, fig. Buenion, E., and FErrie&re, C. 1911. Le termite noir de Ceylan. Observa- tions nouvelles. Bull. Soc. Vaud. Sci. Nat., vol. 47, pp. 417-437, 5 figs. June. rota. Taxonomy. L’ imago du Coptoter- mes flavus larves portant des rudi- ments d’ailes prothoraciques. Mém. Soc. Zool. France, vol. 24, pt. 1, Nos. I-2, pp. 97-106, 2 pls., 2 figs. Aug. 17. Buenion, E., and Pororr, N. 1912. Anatomie de la reine et du roi-ter- mite. (Termes redemanni, obscuriceps, et horni.) Loc. cit., vol. 25, Nos. 3-4, pp. 210-232, 2 pls., 4 figs. Apr. 12. 1913. Termitoxenia, étude anatomo-physio- logique. Ann. Soc. Ent. Belgique, vol. 57> PP- 23-44, 3 pls. Jan. Buenion, E., Poporr, N., and Ferrikre, C. rgtt. Uber Termes ceylonicus Wasm. Deutsch. Ent. Nat.-Bibl., vol. 2, No. 11, pp. 86-88, 94-96, 12 figs. Berlin, June 1. Bunay, R. 1936. Relative durability of some treated and untreated American woods. The Makiling Echo, vol. 15, No. 3, pp. 166- 178. Manila, July. BurcHELL, W. J. 1822. Travels in the interior southern Af- rica, vol. 1, pp. 446, 448. London. Burceon, L. 1931. Les “Makakaro” ou termites. Rev. Zool. et Bot. Africaine, vol. 20, No. 4, suppl. (Bull. Cercle Zool. Congo), pp. 100-113, 9 figs. Tervueren, June 15. 1938. Notules sur les termites. Loc. cit., vol. 31 (Bull. Cercle Zool. Congo, vol. 15), p- 104, illustr. 1946. Description d’un nouveau Valgide (Col., Scarab.) de La Cote d’Ivorie. Ann. Soc. Ent. Belgique, vol. 82, pp. 225-226. Brussels. Burns, A. N. 1926. Entomological hints for March, 1926, Bureau of Sugar Experiment Stations. Australian Sugar Journ., vol. 17, No. 12, p. 739. SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 130 Burns, A. W., and Muncomery, R. W. 1926. Combating insect pests. Loc. cit., vol. 17, pp. 628-630. Buscaion1, L., and Comes, S. 1910. La digestione delle membrane vege- tali per opera dei flaggelati contenuti nell’intestino dei termitidi e il prob- lema, della simbiosi. Atti Accad. Gi- oen. Catania, ser. 5, vol. 3, No. 17, pp. 1-16, 4 figs. (Mem. 17.) Buran, D. K. 1948. Thieves of the apiary. Indian Bee Journ., vol. 10, pp. 35-37. May-June. Butter, J. E. 1948. Stop those termites! Alabama Farmer, vol. 26, No. 3, p. 11. Jan. Butret-REEPEN, H. v. 1912. Entomologischer Reisebrief aus Cey- lon’s Bergen. Ent. Mitt., vol. 1, No. 4, PP. 97-103, 1 fig. Buxton, P. A. 1923. Two further cases of coordinated rhythm in insects. The Entomologist, vol. 56, pp. 271-273. Dec. BuyTEnpIjk, F. J. J. 1926. Die Weisheit der Ameisen, pp. 1-95, illustr. Bucher der neuen Biologie und Anthropologie, Bd. 5. Buzacotrt, J. H. 1947. Notes on termites which damage sugar cane in North Queensland. Queensland Soc, Sugar Cane Technol. Proc., vol. 14, pp. 135-140. 1948. Notes on termites which damage sugar cane in North Queensland. Queensland Bur. Sugar Exp. Stas., Cane Growers’ Quart. Bull., vol. 11, pp. 136-141. Jan. 1. Bynum, W. M. 1951. The desert damp-wood termite in the lower Rio Grande Valley of Texas. Journ. Econ. Ent., vol. 44, No. 6, pp. 996-997, illustr. Dec. 1952. The desert damp-wood termite in the lower Rio Grande Valley of Texas. Rio Grande Valley Horticult. Inst., 6th Ann. Proc., pp. 42-44. Weslaco, Jan. 16. Ge, RAN, 1936. Review. “Our enemy the termite,” T. E. Snyder, 1935. Empire Forest. Journ., vol. 15, No. 2, pp. 279-280. Cacuan, P. 1949. Les termites de Madagascar. Mém. Inst. Sci. Madagascar (ser. A), vol. 3, No. 2, pp. 177-275, 45 figs. 1950. Les termites de Madagascar et leur dégats. L’Inst. Rech. Sci. Tananarive- Tsimbazaza, 29 pp., 38 figs. WHOLE VOL. 1950a. (Termites of Madagascar.) Nat. Malgache, vol. 2, f. 2, pp. III-117, 2 pls., 20 figs. 1951. Les termites de Madagascar. 1° suppl. Mém. Inst. Sci. Madagascar (ser. A), vol. 5, No. 1, pp. 1-18, illustr. CamLuiaup, F. 1823. Voyage 4 Méroé, etc. 1819-1822 (Af- rica), vol. 1, p. 398; vol. 2, pl. 58, fig. 31. Paris. Cain, S. A. 1944. Foundations of plant geography. Harper and Bros., New York. (Ter- mites, p. 370.) Catus, J. F. 1937. Review. “Our enemy the termite,” T. E. Snyder, 1935. The New Review, Calcutta, India. Feb. Carkins, G. N., and Summers, F. M. (ed.). 1941. Protozoa in biological research, pp. xli+1148, 226 figs. London, New York. CALLioT, J. 1877. Notes sur une éspéce de termite de PAmérique du sud. Journ. Zool., Paris, vol. 6, pp. 392-397. CALVERT, WA; S. and PP: 1917. A year of Costa Rican natural his- tory. Macmillan, New York. (Ter- mites, pp. 269, 292, 294, 304, 370, 392, 403, 424, 454.) Cameron, M. 1919. New species of Staphylinidae from Rhodesia. Ent. Record, vol. 31, pp. 83- 87. 1926. New species of Staphylinidae from India. Trans. Ent. Soc. London, vol. 14, No. 2, pp. 171-191. 1927. Descriptions of two new genera of termitophilous Staphylinidae from In- dia. Ent. Monthly Mag., vol. 63, No. 761, pp. 222-224. 1930. New species of Staphylinidae from the Belgian Congo. Rev. Zool. et Bot. Africaine, vol. 19, Nos. 3-4, pp. 405- 421. 1936. New species of Staphylinidae (Col.) from Java. Proc. Roy. Ent. Soc. Lon- don, ser. B, Taxon., vol. 5, No. 9, pp. 182-184. 1952. New Staphylinidae from the Belgian Congo. Rev. Zool. et Bot. Africaine, vol. 46, pp. 323-333. Dec. 24. CampsELL, F. L., and Moutton, F. R. (ed.). 1943. Laboratory procedures in the studies of the chemical control of insects, Publ. Amer. Assoc. Adv. Sci. No. 20, pp. 1-206, illustr, BIBLIOGRAPHY OF TERMITES: AUTHORS—SNYDER 171 Campos, R. F. 1940. La plaga de los comejenes (ter- mites). Sus habitos y perjuicios. Ecua- dor." ‘Dept, Agric. Bol:)-9, pp. , 3-4. Quito. Caporiacco, L. pt. 1936. Aracnidi Fezzanesi raccolti dal Prof. G. Scortecci nel 1934. Atti Soc. Ital. Sci. Nat. e Mus. Civ. Storia Nat. Milano, vol. 75, Nos. 1-2, pp. 67-94, 6 figs. Capra, F. 1935. La vera patria del Trinervitermes tripolitanus (Sjostd.) e note su alcuni termiti della Libia (Isoptera). Boll. Soc. Ent. Ital., vol. 67, pp. 44-46. 1938. Sulla presenza in Libia di Trinervi- termes tripolitanus (Sjostd.) e triner- vius (Ramb.). Loc. cit., vol. 70, Nos. 6-7, p. 125. 1948. Sul Reticulitermes lucifugus (Rossi) in Italia. Soc. Ent. Ital. Mem., vol. 27, f. unico, pp. 77-79. Capra, F., and Guipini, G. M. 1946. Il Reticulitermes lucifugus (Rossi) puo’ attaccare piante viventi. Boll. Soc. Ent. Ital., vol. 76, Nos. 5-6, pp. 42-46, illustr. Sept. 25. Carayon, J. 1952. Des dégats provoqués par les termites a Paris. Feuille des Nat., n. s., vol. 7, pp. 91-92. Nov.-Dec. Carpew, D. 1934. Termites, Indian Forester, vol. 60, Dsv720: Carpin, P. G. 1918. Notas entomologicas Algunos come- jens de Cuba (Isoptera). Mem. Soc. Cubana Hist. Nat. F. Poey, vol. 3, Nos. 2-3, pp. 58-61, 1917-1918. Havana. CareEscHE, L. 7 1937. Le termite destructeur de l’hévéa et du kapokier. C. R. Inst. Réch. Agron. For. Indochine, 1935-1936, vol. 2, pp. 195-212, 5 pls. Hanoi. CarsscuE, L., and NeuyEn-Huv-Hanu. 1937. (Toxicity of sulphur anhydride to termites.) In French. C. R. Inst. Réch. Agron. For. Indochine, 1935-1936, vol. 2, pp. 213-216, r pl. Hanoi. Car, J. 1932. Les termites font-ils provision de bois? Trav. V Congr. Int. Ent., vol. 2, pp. 97-100, 1 pl. 1939. Obituary. Bugnion, Frederic Edouard (1845-1939). Mitt. Schweiz. Ent. Ges., vol. 17, pp. 616-617. 172 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS CarPENTER, G. D. H. 1919. The fly Bengalia depressa Walk., attacking a wingless termite. Proc. Ent. Soc. London, 1919, pp. lii-lviii. 1936. A note on the courtship of termites. Loc. cit., 1936 (A), vol. 11, pp. 93-94. CARPENTER, M. M. 1945. Bibliography of biographies of en- tomologists. Amer. Midland Nat., vol. 33, No. 1, pp. 1-116. Jan. 1953. Bibliography of biographies of ento- mologists. Supplement. Loc. cit., vol. 50, No. 2, pp. 257-348, Notre Dame, Indiana, Oct. Carter, A. 1949. Undercover insect. Frontiers, vol. 14, pp. 2-5. Oct. Carter, R. H. 1939. Chemicals and methods used in treatments of trees by injections. U.S. Dept. Agric., Bur. Ent. and Plant Quar. E-467, 25 pp. (processed). CarTER, W. 1936. Note. (Redwood pipe damaged by Coptotermes formosanus, Hawaii.) Proc. Hawaiian Ent. Soc., vol. 9, No. 2, p. 132. Apr. 1949. Insect notes from South America with special reference to Pseudococcus brevipes and mealybug wilt (of pine- apple). Journ. Econ. Ent., vol. 42, No. 5, pp. 761-776. Oct. (Termites, Pp. 764.) Carvatuo, A. L. DE 1942. Sobre “Peripatus heloisae,’ do Brasil central. Rio de Janeiro, Mus. Nac. Zool. Ser. Bol. 2, pp. 57-89, 19 pl. Casatl, G. 1891. Ten years in Equatoria, etc., 2 vols., illustr. col. London. (Transl. from Italian by J. R. Clay.) CASEY:-1., L. 1889-1890. A new genus of termitophilous Staphylinidae. Ann. New York Acad., vol. 4, pp. 39-198, 384-387. An appendix on the termitophilous Coleoptera from Panama. Loc. cit., vol. 5, pp. 186-198. 1890. Coleopterological notices 11. Loc. cit., vol. 5, pp. 307-504, pl. 4. (Ter- mitophilous Thysanura.) Cassipy, T. P., Romney, V. E., BucHAaNan, W.D.,:and Yore; G;.T; 1950. Damage to guayule by insects and mites with notes on control. U.S. Dept. Agric. Circ. No. 482, 19 pp., illustr. June. CasTtLe, G. B. 1934. Im Kofoid, 1934, 2d ed. The damp- VOL. 130 wood termites of western United States, genus Zootermopsis. I, General biology and ecology, pp. 273-291. II, An experimental investigation of caste differentiation in Zootermopsis angus- ticollis, pp. 292-310. 1934a. The experimental determination of caste differentiation in termites. Sci- ence, n. s., vol. 80, No. 2075, p. 314. Oct. 5. 1944. Termites in Montana. Sci., vol. 18, p. 64. Aug. Cavara, F. 1922. Danneggiamenti delle termiti a piante diverse. Rend. Accad. Sci. Fis. Mat., ser. 3A, vol. 28, Nos. 9-12, pp. 190-194, T pl: CHasBousson, F. 1954. (The termites of France.) (In French.) Nature (Paris), No. 3233, pp. 347-352. Sept. Cuartiu, Du, P. 1861. Explorations and adventures in Equa- torial Africa, etc., pp. xviii+479, 27 pls., 1 map, text figs. London, (P. 314.) 1871. My Apingi Kingdom, pp. 115-142. CHAINE, J. 1910. Termites et plantes vivantes. I, Dégats occasionnés aux arbres. (Reun. Biol. Bordeaux), C. R. Soc. Biol., Paris, vol. 68, pp. 328-330. II, Dégats oc- casionnés aux arbustes, aux plantes d’ornament et potageres et aux cereales, pp. 486-487. III, Caractéres de l’in- vasion, pp. 849-851. IV, Symptémes présentés par les plantes atteintes, pp. 1087-1088. V, Debut de l’invasion, pp. 446-448. IQII-1g12. Termites et plantes vivantes. VI, Influence des tuteurs en bois. Loc. cit., vol. 71, pp. 678-680. VII, Protec- tion momentanée des plantes. Loc. cit., vol. 72, pp. 113-115. 1912. De linfluence des fumiers sur les plantes dans les terrains termites. Loc. cit., vol. 73, pp. 490-492. 1913. Observations sur le danger du trans- port des bois et meubles termites. Loc. cit., vol. 75, pp. 401-403. 1913a. Les ilots de termites. C. R. Acad. Sci., Paris, vol. 157, pp. 650-653. 1919. Protection des plantes contre les ter- mites par traitement interne. Progres. Ag. Vitic., Montpellier, vol. 72, No. 29, pp. 61-67. July 29. 1920. L’attaque des végétaux par les ter- mites, pts. 1-2. Rev. Gén. Sci. Pures Northwest. WHOLE VOL. et Appliq., Paris, vol. 31, pp. 250-255, 281-285. CHAMBERLAIN, R. W. 1943. Four new species of Collembola. Great Basin Nat., vol. 4, Nos. 1-2, pp. 39-48, 2 pls. CHAMBERLAIN, W. F., and Hoskins, W. M. 1949. The toxicity and repellence of or- ganic chemicals toward termites and their use in termite-proofing food packages. Hilgardia, vol. 19, No. 9, pp. 285-307. CHAMBERLIN, R. V. 1923. Four termitophilous millepeds. Zo- ologica, vol. 3, Nos, 16-21, pp. 411-421, 3 pls. CHAMBERLIN, W. J. 1949. Insects affecting forest products and other materials. Oregon State Coll. Coop. Assoc., 159 pp., 101 figs. (proc- essed). Corvalis. CuHaAmPion, F. W. 1934. The jungle in sunlight and shadow. Chatto and Windus, London; C. Scrib- ner’s Sons, New York. (Pangolin (Manis), pp. 24-33, pls. 10-13; sloth bear, p. 138, pl. 57.) Cuampion, G. C., and Wasmann, E. 1923. New or imperfectly known Corytho- derini from British India. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 9, vol. 11, pp. 569-581, pl. 6. CuapMaNn, A. 1921. Savage Sudan, its wild tribes, big game and bird life. London. (Ter- mites, chap. 24, pp. 330-335.) CuHapmMan, F, M. 1929. My tropical air castle, pp. 1-417, illustr. Appleton and Co., New York. Cuarrigr, H. 1923. L’extension de termite lucifuge (Re- ticulitermes lucifugus Rossi) dans la région de Tanger. Rev. Zool. Agric. Appl., vol. 22, pp. 216-217. CHATTERJEE, N. C. 1939. Entomological investigations on the spike-disease of sandal. Indian Journ. Ent., New Delhi, vol. 1, No. 3, pp. 15- 24. (Termes horni collected on sticky paper, p. 17.) CuatTrTerjez, N. C., Buatia, B. M., and Cuar- TERJEE, P. N. 1950. Anti-termite characteristics of certain chemicals. Indian Forester, vol. 76, pt. 6, pp. 263-266. Dehra Dun, June. Cuauonry, G. U. 1954. A useful termite, Pakistan Journ. Forestry, vol. 4, No. 1, pp. 31-32, illustr. Jan. BIBLIOGRAPHY OF TERMITES: AUTHORS—SN YDER 173 GHENS Lesa 1950. On the occurrence of lead-boring insects in Formosa. Taiwan Agric. Res, (Inst:,, vel, 1, No. . 4, pp... 33-40, illustr. Dec. CHE, Cy GC. 1948. Notes on fungus-growing termites in Yunnan, China. Lloydia, vol. 11, No. 2, pp. 139-147, 2 figs. Lloyd Library, Cin- cinnati, Ohio, June. CHERVINSKY, K. 1897-1898. K’anatomii Termitov’ (Sem. Termitidae) Rabot. Lab. Zool. Kab. Imp. Varshav. Univ. 1896, pp. 241-245; 1898, pp. 31-48, 3 pls. 1897a. Beitrage zur Kenntnis der Ter- miten. Zool. Anz., vol. 20, pp. 199-202. CHEVALIER, A. 1949. Points de vue nouveaux sur les sols d’Afrique tropical, sur leur dégrada- tion et leur conservation. Bull. Agric. du Congo Belge, vol. 40, No. 2, pp. 1057-1092. June. (Termites, p. 1078.) CutesA Mottnari, O. 1942. Entomologia Agricola. Identifica- tion y control de insectos y otros ani- males daninos o utiles a las plantas, pp. 1-571, illustr. Juan Argentiana, Jan. (Isoptera, pp. 1-20.) Cup, H. J. 1934. In Kofoid, 1934, 2d ed. The internal anatomy of termites and the histology of the digestive tract, pp. 58-88. Cuock, Q. C. 1932. Termites. Waipahu Road. Ha- waiian Forester and Agriculturist, vol. 29, No. 3, p. 124. July-Sept. CuHoparp, L. 1927. Description of a cricket supposed to present termitophilous habits. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., vol. 9, No. 19, pp. 225-258. 1938. Encylopédie Entomologique. La Bio- logie des Orthoptéres, 541 pp., 453 figs., 4 pls. Paris. (Orthopterous termito- philes, pp. 105-107.) 1946. Description d’un Gryllidae termito- phile de Afrique. occidentale. Bull. Soc. Ent. France, vol. 51, pp. 114-116. 1947. Aptérygotes et Orthoptéroides de France. Nouvel Atlas d’Entomologie, No. 2;. Jan. Pp. 1-111, 12; col. pls:, 12 figs. Paris. (Isoptera, pp. 95-99.) 1951. Orthoptéroides. Fauna de France, vol. 56, pp. 1-359, illustr. Paris. (Isop- tera, pp. 50-58, 10 figs.) Cuopra, R. L. 1928. Ann. Rep. Ent. Punjab, Lyallpur, 1925-1926. Rep. Dept. Agric. Punjab, 174 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS 1925-1926, pt. 2, vol. 1, pp. 67-125. Lahore. CurisTIAN, M. B. 1945. Powder-post beetles and their con- trol and notes on chlorinated phenols as soil poisons for termite control. Pests, vol. 13, No. 6, p. 20. June. CrAMPo.inI, M. 1954. (Observations on Calotermes flavi- collis (F.) (Isoptera) in Tuscany.) (In Italian.) Redia, vol. 39, 2d ser., pp. 291- 300, pls. 3-5. C1amMpo inI, M., and Zoccui, R. 1954. La lotta antitermitica in Toscana mezzi adotlati per la disinfestazione e la difesa della certosa di Firenze. Loc. cit., vol. 39, pp. 309-325, pls. 6-8. Crrerrt, R. 1935. (Systematic position of A. duthiei, the ambrosia fungus of termites.) (In Italian.) Atti Ist. Bot. Pavia, vol. 6, pp. 229-246, 6 figs. 1937. Review. “Our enemy the termite,” T. E. Snyder, 1935. Rev. Biol., Inst. Fisiol. R. Univ.-Perugia, vol. 22, No. 37, P- 3- CrpriAnl, L. 1932. In Rhodesia. Osservazioni zoologiche. Riv. Biol. Firenze, vol. 14, pp. 126-131. Gracc Cs FE. 1954. Notes and exhibitions. Proc. Ha- waiian Ent. Soc. for 1953, vol. 15, No. 2, p. 278. Mar. Crapp, W. F. 1937. What to do about the termite. Ex- terminators Log, vol. 5, No. 8, pp. 12- 14, illustr. Crark, A. F. 1938. Termites in New Zealand. New Zealand Journ. Forestry, vol. 14, No. 3, PP. 177-179. (1940)-1942. Termite legislation in New Zealand, Journ. Sci. and Technol., B, general sec., vol. 23, No. 1B, pp. 23-32, 6 figs. July 1941. 1942. Termite legislation in New Zealand. State Advances Techn. Bull. Ser. B, No. 8, pp. B23-B32. Dept. Sci. and Industr. Res. New Zealand. 1949. The termite problem in relation to building. Trans. Roy. Soc. New Zea- land, vol. 77, No. 5, pp. 392-393. Nov. Crark, A. H. 1925. Animals of land and sea, pp. 1-276, 740 figs., 10 pls. Van Nostrand Co., New York. (Termites, pp. 53, 67, 75- 77, 105.) VOL. 130 Crausen, C. P. 1913. Insects injurious to agriculture in Japan. U.S. Dept. Agric. Circ. No. 168, pp. 1-116. Aug. (Termites, pp. 11, 38, 41, 43, 46, 52, 77, 80, 84, 91.) CrauseEn, L. W. 1954. Insect fact and folklore. Macmillan Co., N.Y. (Termites, pp. 145-151, figs. 26-27.) Crayton, J. W. 1954. Defaunation studies on the Protozoa of Reticulitermes flavipes. (Abstr.) Journ. Protozool., vol. 1 (No. 3, suppl.), p. 6. Aug. CiEarE, L. D. 1920. Annual loss caused through insects in British Guiana. Journ. Bd. Agric. Brit- ish Guiana, Demerara, vol. 13, No. 3, pp. 115-126. July. CLEGHORN, J. 1896. White ants. Journ. Agric. Soc. India, - vol. 10, pp. 527-533. Apr.-June. CLELAND, J. C. 1918. The food of Australian birds. Dept. Agric. N.S. Wales, Sci. Bull, No. 15, July. (White ants, p. 15.) CLEMENT, G. 1953. Recherches sur le polymorphisme du genre Psammotermes Desneux (Rhino- termitidae). Ann. Sci. Nat. Zool., ser. 11, vol. 14, No. 1, 1952, pp. 95-116, 21 figs., 1 pl. Jan. 1953a. Sur la différenciation d’ovocytes dans les testicules des “neutres” d’Ana- canthotermes ochraceus. C. R. Acad. Sci., Paris, vol. 236, pp. 1095-10096. Mar. 9. 1954. Contribution a l'étude de la biologie d’ “Anacanthotermes ochraceus” Burm. Bull. Union Int. Etude Insectes Soci- aux, vol. 1, No. 2, pp. 194-198. Apr. CLEMENTS, W. B. 1952. Termite shields, are they effective in subterranean termite control? Pest Control, vol. 20, No. 11, pp. 29-30, illustr. Nov. 1953. Why do termites build multiple tunnels? Loc. cit., vol. 21, No. 1, p. 28, 1 fig. Jan. CLEVELAND, L. R. 1923. Correlation between the food and morphology of termites and the pres- ence of intestinal Protozoa. Amer. Journ. Hygiene, vol. 3, No. 4, pp. 444- 461. July. 1923a. Symbiosis between termites and their intestinal Protozoa. Proc. Nat. WHOLE VOL. Acad. Sci., Washington, vol. 9, No. 12, pp. 424-428. Dec. 1924. The physiological and symbiotic re- lationships between the intestinal Pro- tozoa of termites and their host with special reference to Reticulitermes fla- vipes Kollar. Biol. Bull. (Woods Hole), vol. 46, Nos. 4-5, pp. 178-201, 203-227. Apr., May. 1925. The method by which Tricho- nympha campanula, a protozoan in the intestines of termites, ingests solid particles of wood for food. Loc. cit., vol. 48, pp. 282-287, 1 pl., 1 fig. 1925a. The ability of termites to live per- haps indefinitely on a dict of pure cellulose. Loc. cit., vol. 48, No. 4, pp. 289-293. 1925b. The feeding habit of termite castes and its relation to their intestinal flagellates. Loc. cit., vol. 48, pp. 295- 308, 1 pl. 1925c. The effects of oxygenation and starvation on the symbiosis between the termite Termopsis and its intestinal flagellates. Loc. cit., vol. 48, No. 5, pp. 309-326, I pl. May. 1925d. Toxicity of oxygen for Protozoa in vivo and in vitra; animals defaunated without injury. Loc. cit., vol. 48, No. 6, pp. 455-468. June. 1925e. The social genius of white ants. The Forum, pp. 32-40. July. 1926. Symbiosis among animals, with spe- cial reference to termites and their in- testinal flagellates. Quart. Rev. Biol., vol. 1, No. 1, pp. 51-60, 4 pls. Balti- more, Jan. 1926a. Some problems which may be stud- ied by oxygenation. Science, vol. 63, No. 1623, pp. 168-170. Feb. 5. 1928. Further observations and experi- ments on the symbiosis between ter- mites and their intestinal Protozoa. Biol. Bull., vol. 54, pp. 231-237. Mar. 1938. Mitosis in Pyrsonympha. Arch. Pro- tistenk., vol. 91, No. 3, pp. 452-455, pk 1947. Sex produced in the Protozoa of Cryptocercus by molting. Science, vol. 105, No. 2714, pp. 16-17. 1948. An ideal partnership. Sci. Monthly, vol. 67, No. 3, pp. 173-177, 2 figs. Sept. CLEVELAND, L. R., and Burke, A. W., Jr. 1951. Effects of temperature on oxygen toxicity for the Protozoa of Crypto- BIBLIOGRAPHY OF TERMITES: AUTHORS—SNYDER 175 cercus. Proc. Amer. Soc. Protozool., vol. 2, p. 12 (abstr.). CLEVELAND, L. R., Sanpers, E. P., and Hatt, S. Re 1931. The relation of the Protozoa of Cryptocercus to the Protozoa of ter- mites and the bearing of this relation- ship on the evolution of termites from roaches. Anat. Rec., vol. 52 (suppl.), p. 92. CLEVELAND, L. R., Hatt, S. R., Sanpvers, E. P., and Cotutr, J. 1934. The wood-feeding roach Crypto- cercus, its Protozoa, and the symbiosis between Protozoa and roach. Mem. Amer. Acad. Arts and Sci., vol. 17, No. 2, pp. 185-342, 60 pls., 4o figs. in text. Coaton, W. G. H. 1937. The harvester termite. The biology, economic importance and _ control. Farming in South Africa, vol. 12, No. fe pp. 249-252, fig. June. (Reprint 67. 1941. Termites in buildings. Loc, cit., Re- print 86, pp. 1-4, 4 figs. Oct. 1943. The harvester termite (Hodotermes mossambicus, subsp. transvaalensis). Loc. cit., vol. 18, pp. 346-350, 4 figs. May. (Reprint 43, pp. 1-5.) 1947. The Pienaars River complex of wood- eating termites. Journ. Ent. Soc. South Africa, vol. 9, No. 2, pp. 130-177, 8 pls., 15 text figs., 3 tables. Feb. 28. 1947a. Toxic-smoke generators for termite control. Farming in South Africa, vol. 22, pp. 713-727. Sept. 1948. Trinervitermes species—the snouted harvester-termites. Union South Africa Dept. Agric. and Forest. Bull. No. 261 (Ent. Ser. No. 23), pp. 1-19, 10 figs. Pretoria. 1948a. The snouted harvester-termite (Tri- nervitermes). Farming in South Af- rica, vol. 23, pp. 97-108, 3 figs. Feb. 24. 1948b. Cryptotermes brevis, a new wood- borer problem in South Africa. Union South Africa Dept. Agric. and Forest. Bull. No. 290 (Ent. Ser. No. 24), pp. 1-18, 5 figs. 1948c. The harvester-termite, Farming in South Africa, vol. 23, pp. 259-267. Apr. 1948d. The harvester-termite problem in South Africa. Union South Africa Dept. Agric. and Forest. Bull. No. 292 (Ent. Ser. No. 25), pp. 1-38, 17 figs., 1 pl. 176 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 130 1949. Queen removal in termite control. Farming in South Africa, vol. 24, pp. 335-338. July. 1949a. Infestation of buildings in South Africa by subterranean wood-destroy- ing termites. Union South Africa Dept. Agric. and Forest. Bull. No. 299 (Ent. Ser. No. 30), pp. 1-89, 33 figs. 1949b. Notes on some South Africa species of the families Hodotermitidae and Kalotermitidae. Journ. Ent. Soc. South Africa, vol. 12, pp. 13-77, illustr. Pre- toria, Sept. 1950. Termites and their control in culti- vated areas in South Africa. Union South Africa Dept. Agric. and Forest. Bull. No. 305, pp. 1-28, illustr. 1950a. Cryptotermes of the Union of South Africa. Journ. Ent. Soc. South Africa, vol. 13, pp. 3-32, illustr. Pretoria, Sept. 30. 1951. The snouted harvester-termite; nat- ural mortality as an aid to chemical control, Farming in South Africa, vol. 26, pp. 263-267, 277. Aug. 1954a. Veld reclamation and harvester ter- mite (Hodotermes) control. Loc. cit., vol. 29, pp. 243-248. May. CockERHAM, K. L., and Smit, C. E. 1954. Termites and their control in Louisi- ana. Louisiana Agric. Coll. Ext. Pub. 1162, pp. 1-12. Sept. Coe, W. R. 1936. Review. “Our enemy the termite,” T. E. Snyder, 1935. Amer. Journ. Sci., Zool., New Haven, Conn., p. 139. Mar. CouHENn, W. E. 1933. An analysis of termite (Eutermes exitiosus) mound material. Australian Journ. Counc. Sci. Industr. Res., vol. 6, No. 3, pp. 166-169. Aug. Cotas, G. 1944. Petit atlas des insectes. 3 éd., vol. 1, pp. 38-39, pl. 8, termites. Paris. Corr, R. M. 1947. Mononympha and Xenonympha, new genera of hypermastigote flagellates from termites: their morphology and phylogenesis. Harvard Univ. Grad. School Arts and Sci. Sum. Theses, 1943-1945, Pp. 50-52. Coteman, L. V. 1935. Collecting old houses. Sci. Monthly, vol. 41, pp. 461-463. Nov. Corzrre,J.R.. FF: 1936. Note sur la présence de fragments de nids fossiles d’insectes.dans le Pléisto- céne supérieur du Stanley-Pool (Congo Belge). Bull. Soc. Belge Géol., vol. 45, Pp. 309-348, 22 figs. Coxrart, A. 1927. (Notes on the biology of the Congo ants.) (In French.) Rev. Zool. et Bot. Africaine, vol. 14, No. 3, pp. 249-253. Cottey, R. H. 1924. Decay a heavy drain on our forests. Wood Preserving News, vol. 2, No. 2, p. 30. Feb. 1924a. Rotten wood. The Timberman, vol. 25, No. 7, pp. 56-57; South. Lum- berman, vol. 114, No. 1494, pp. 48-49. May 17. 1927. Building decay and ways of prevent- ing it. U.S. Dept. Agric. Yearbook 1926, pp. 187-189. 1928. Wood decay prevention in buildings. Monthly Bull. Pacific Coast Building Officials Conf., vol. 2, No. 4, pp. 3-4. Feb. 1934. In Kofoid, 1934, 2d ed., pp. 753-755. Prevention of wood decay in buildings. 1946. Wood decay prevention in buildings. Pest Control and Sanitat., vol. 1, No. 5, pp. 14-15. May. 1953. The evaluation of wood preserva- tives. I, The Bell System Techn. Journ., vol. 32, No. 1, pp. 120-169. Jan. II, Loc. cit., vol. 32, No. 2, pp. 425-505. 35 figs., 35 tables. Mar. (Monogr. 2118.) CoLiincwoop, C. H. 1936. Review. “Our enemy the termite,” T. E. Snyder, 1935. Amer. Forests, vol. 42, No. 8, p. 384. Aug. Cot.ins, M. S. 1951. Variations in the fat body of Reticuli- termes flavipes. Anatom, Rec., vol. 111, p. 477. Nov. Comes, S. 1905. Le termite lucifuge en France. Le Cosmos N.S.T., vol. 53, pp. 199-202, 3 figs. 1910. Lophora vacuolata nuova genere e nuova specie di flagellats dell’intestino dei termitidi. Boll. Accad. Gioenia Sci. Nat. Catania, ser. 2, fasc. 13, pp. II-I9. tgt1oa. Alcune considerazione al proposito del dimorfismo sessuale riscontrato in Dinenympha gracilis Leidy. Loe. cit., ser. 2, fasc. 13, pp. 20-29. 1912. Effetti della decapitazione in Calo- termes flavicollis e in altri artopodi. Biol. Centralbl., vol. 32, pp. 630-638. 1914. Notizie sulla morfologia e ripro- duzione di Monoceromonas termitis. WHOLE VOL. Boll. Accad. Gioenia Sci. Nat. Catania, ser, 2, fasc. 39) pp.‘ 15-17. 1947. Storia e priorita de un reperto scien- tifica: la simbiosi fra le termiti e i flagellati ospiti del loro intestino. Giorn. Sci. Nat. Econ. Palermo, vol. 44, ser. 11, No. 3, pp. I-15. Comstock, J. H. 1880. White ants or wood lice, Termes flavipes. Rep. Comm. Agric. for 1879, pp. 207-208. Washington, 1924. An introduction to entomology. Ithaca, New York. (Isoptera, pp. 273- 280, 6 figs.) Comstock, J. H., and Comstock, A. B. 1895-1914. A manual for the study of in- sects. 12th ed., Ithaca, N.Y. (Isoptera, PP. 95-97.) ConneELL, F. H. 1930. The morphology and life cycle of Oxymonas dimorpha sp. nov., from Neotermes simplicicornis (Banks). Univ. California Publ. Zool., vol. 36, No. 2, pp. 51-56, 3 pls., 2 figs. 1932. Guigantomonas lighti sp. nov., a Trichomonid flagellate from Kaloter- mes (Paraneotermes) simplicicornis (Banks). Loc, cit., vol. 37, pp. 153-188, 2 pls. Connor, F. P. 1933. Rhythmic sound produced by ter- mites at work, Misc. Notes. Journ. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc., vol. 36, No. 4, p. 1018. Madras, Dec. 15. ConsTANnrT, J. B. 1937. Obituary. Wheeler, William Morton (1865-1937). Ent. News, vol. 48, p. 143. Cook, O. F. 1892. Do termites cultivate fungi? Bot. Gaz., vol. 17, p. 282. 1900. Camphor secreted by an animal. Science, n. s., vol. 12, No. 301, pp. 516- 521. Cook, S. F. 1932. The respiratory gas exchange in Ter- mopsis nevadensis. Biol. Bull., vol. 63, Pp. 246-257. 1943. Non-symbiotic utilization of carbo- hydrates by the termite Termopsis angusticollis, Physiol. Zool., Chicago, vol. 16, No. 1, pp. 123-128. Jan. Cook, S. F., and Scort, K. G. 1932. The relation between absorption and elimination of water by Termopsis angusticollis. Biol. Bull., vol. 63, pp. 505-512. 1933. The nutritional requirements of Zo- otermopsis (Termopsis) angusticollis. BIBLIOGRAPHY OF TERMITES: AUTHORS—SNYDER 177 Journ. Cell. Comp. Physiol., vol. 4, pp. 95-110. Cook, S. F., and Smit, R. E. 1942. Metabolic relations in the termite Protozoa symbiosis: Temperature ef- fects. Loc. cit., vol. 19, No. 2, pp. 211- 219. Corset, A. S, 1935. Biological processes in tropical soils with special reference to Malaysia, pp. xiv-+156, 16 pls., 10 figs. Cambridge. Corsett, G. H., and Mirzsr, N. C. E. 1936. The termite, Microtermes pallidus Hav., in relation to tea in Malaya. Sci. Ser. Dept. Agric. Straits Settlements and Fed. Malay States, vol. 17, pp. 1-12, 4 pls. CorneE.ius, C, 1857. Ueber Termiten. Verh. Naturh. Ver. Preuss. Rheinl., n. s., vol. 4, No. 14, PP. 20-44. Cory, E. N. 1939. The termite (Reticulitermes flavipes), an object lesson. Canadian Ent. (Oril- lia), vol. 71, No. 2, pp. 36-38. Feb. 1948. Totalitarian insects. Journ. Econ. Ent., vol. 41, No. 1, pp. 1-4. Feb. Cosar, H. G. 1934. Die Termiten in der afrikanischen Landschaft. Beihefte Mitt. Geogr. Ges. Rostock, No. 2, pp. 1-86, 2 pls. Costa Lima, A. DA. 1936. Insetos do Brasil. Campo, Rio de Janeiro, vol. 7, No. 83, pp. 8-17, illustr. 1936a. Insetos do Brasil. Loc. cit., vol. 7, No. 84, pp. 10-17. Dec. 1939. Insetos do Brasil. Ser. Didatica No. 2, Esc. Nac. Agron., Rio de Janeiro, vol. 1, 470 pp., 218 figs. (Termites, pp. 263-327, figs. 122-154.) 1952. Insetos do Brasil. Loc. cit. vol. 7, No. 9. (Termitophiles, pp. 163-170, 313-351.) Gores) EZ GC: 1894. (Termes taprobanes var., forms fig- ured.) Indian Mus, Notes, Calcutta, vol. 3, p. 140. CoupENnHoveE, H. 1922. Warrior ants and white ants. At- lantic Monthly, Mar., p. 324. Coupin, H. 1910. Les termites champignonnistes. Na- ture, Paris, Ann, 38, pp. 273-274, 3 figs. 1913. La famille du termite lucifugus. La Nature, Ann. 41, Sem. 1, pp. 321-322, 3 figs. Cowan, T. 1865. Curious facts in the history of insects, 178 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS including spiders and scorpions. J. B. Lippincott and Co., Philadelphia. (Ter- mites, pp. 132-137.) Cow tess, R. B. 1930. The life history of Varanus niloticus L. as observed in Natal, South Africa. Journ. Ent. and Zool., Pomona College, California, vol. 22, No. I, pp. 1-31, illustr. Mar. Cox :Gak: 1935. Notes on termites and anti-termite work, pp. 1-23. Public Works Dept., Koduna, Nigeria. CraicHeaD, F, C., Ed. 1950. Insect enemies of eastern forests. U.S. Dept. Agric. Misc. Publ. 657, pp. 1-679, 197 figs. CraicHEaD, F. C., and St. Georcg, R. A. 1938. Experimental work with the intro- duction of chemicals into the sap stream of trees for the control of in- sects. Journ. Forestry, vol. 36, pp. 26- 34- CraicHEap, F. C., St. Grorcr, R. A., and Witrorp, B. H. 1937. A method for preventing insect in- jury to material used for posts, poles and rustic furniture. U.S. Dept. Agric., Bur. Ent. and Plant Quar. E-409, 7 pp., illustr. (processed). CraMPTON, G. C. 1916. The lines of descent of the lower pterygotan insects, with notes on the relationships of the other forms. Ent. News, vol. 27, No. 6, pp. 244-258. June. 1919. Notes on the phylogeny of the Or- thoptera. Loc. cit., vol. 30, No. 2, pp. 42-48, Feb.; vol. 30, No. 3, pp. 64-72, 1 fig., Mar. (Isoptera and Zoraptera referred to.) 1920. Remarks on the ancestry of insects and their allies. Ontario Dept. Agric. soth Ann. Rep. Ent. Soc. Ontario, 1919, No. 36, pp. 105-110, 6 diagrams. To- ronto. 1920a. Some anatomological details of the remarkable winged Zorapterans, Zoro- typus hubbardi Caudell, with notes on its relationships. Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash- ington, vol. 22, No. 5, p. 98. May. (Af- finity with Isoptera and other orders.) 1920b. The terminal abdominal structures of the primitive Australian termite Mastotermes darwiniensis Froggatt. Trans. Ent. Soc. London, pts. 1-2, pp. 137-145, I pl., 1 fig. July 26. 1920c. Notes on the lines of descent of VOL. 130 lower winged insects. Psyche, vol. 27, No. 5, p. 116. Oct. 1921. A phylogenetic study of the venation of the forewings of the Homoptera, Thysanoptera, Psocida, Zoraptera, Neu- roptera, Embiida, Plecoptera, and Ha- dentomoida—with notes on the Hy- menoptera and Coleoptera. Ent. News, vol. 32, No. 4, pp. 97-105, I pl., 12 figs.; vol. 32, No. 5, pp. 135-140. Apr., May. (Isoptera, p. 99.) 1921a. A further comparison of the wings of Zoraptera, psocids and aphids from the standpoint of phylogeny. Canadian Ent., vol. 53, No. 5, pp. 110-117, May. (Termites briefly discussed.) 1921b. The sclerites of the head, and the mouthparts of certain immature and adult insects. Ann. Ent. Soc. Amer., vol. 14, No. 2, pp. 65-110. June. (Ter- mites, pp. 69, 77, 93-94, fig. 39, Masto- termes.) 1923. A comparison of the terminal ab- dominal structures of an adult alate female of the primitive termite Masto- termes darwiniensis with those of the roach Periplaneta americana. Bull. Brooklyn Ent. Soc., vol. 18, No. 3, pp. 85-93, 2 figs. July. 1926. The affinities of Grylloblatta indi- cated by a study of the head and its appendages. Psyche, vol. 33, No. 3, pp. 78-85. June. (Relation to Isoptera.) 1926a. A comparison of the neck and pro- thoracic sclerites throughout the orders of insects from the standpoint of phy- logeny. Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., Phila- delphia, vol. 52, No. 3, pp. 199-248, pls. 10-17, 120 figs. Oct. 5. 1932. A phylogenetic study of the head capsule in certain Orthopteroid, Pso- coid, Hemipteroid and Holometabolous insects, Bull. Brooklyn Ent. Soc., vol. 28, No. 1, pp. 19-49, pls. 4-8, Feb. (Ter- mites discussed.) 1938. The interrelationships and lines of descent of living insects. Psyche, vol. 45, pp. 165-181. Crawrorp, D. L. 1919. Notes and exhibitions. Proc. Ha- waiian Ent. Soc., vol. 4, No. 1, p. 13. June. 1928. X-rays on termites. Loc. cit., vol. 7, No. 1, p. 36. CrEIGHTON, J. T. 1947. The structural pest control law of Florida. Pests, vol. 15, No. 12, pp. 36, 38, 40. WHOLE VOL. CricuTon, A. 1883. History of Arabic, ancient and mod- ern. Edinburgh. (Termites, p. 461.) Croix, E. DE LA. tg00. Observations sur le Termes carbo- narius Hav. Bull. Mus. Hist. Nat. Paris, vol. 6, No. 1, pp. 22-23, 1 fig. Cross, J. B. 1941. A study of Oxymonas minor Zelift from the termite Kalotermes minor Hagen. Univ. California Publ. Zool., vol. 43, No. 15, pp. 379-403, illustr. Nov. 12. 1946. The flagellate subfamily Oxymona- dinae. Loc. cit., vol. 53, pp. 67-162, 14 pls., 1 fig. Cross, J.C. 1942. A simple method of controlling ter- mites. Science, vol. 95, No. 2469, p. 433. Apr. 24. CrowTuer, F., and Bartow, H. W. B. 1943. Tap-root damage of cotton, ascribed to termites, in the Sudan Gezira. Em- pire Journ, Exp. Agric., vol. 11, No. 42, pp. 99-112. Apr. Cummins, J. E. 1932. The preservative treatment of fence posts with particular reference to West- ern Australia (pt. 1). Journ. Dept. Agric. West Australia, 2d ser., vol. 9, No. 2, pp. 186-197, 5 figs. Perth, June. Cummins, J. E., DapsweEt, H. E., and Hitz, G. F. 1930. Some aspects of wood preservation in Australia. Australian Journ. Counc. Sci. Industr. Res., vol. 3, pp. 133-146. Cunna, O. R. 1927. O cupim. Brasil Agricola, vol. 12, No. 5, pp. 223-228, 1 fig. 1935-1936. A lutra contra o cupim. Campo, vol. 6, No. 8, pp. 46-48, 2 figs.; No. 9, PP. 30-32, 2 figs.; No. 10, pp. 46-49; No. 11, pp. 67-69, 1 fig.; No. 12, pp. 63-64; vol. 7, No. 1, pp. 56-57, 2 figs.; No. 2, pp. 26-28. CuNNINGHAM, R. E. 1922. Destruction of poles by termites. Rep. Overhead Systems Committee T6-22, Techn. Nat. Sec., Nat. Electr. Light Assoc., pp. 65-68, illustr. New York City, May. 1926. Overhead Systems Committee Re- ports. Study of life of treated and un- treated poles, Journ. Electricity, vol. 56, No. 10, pp. 419-420. May 15. (Ter- mites. ) Cuppb ab: 1930. Spirotrichonympha polygyra sp. nov. BIBLIOGRAPHY OF TERMITES: AUTHORS—SNYDER 479 from Neotermes simplicicornis Banks. Univ. California Publ. Zool., vol. 33, No. 17, pp. 351-378, pls. 37-40, 16 text figs. Curran, C. H. 1951. Insects in your life, pp. 1-316. Sheri- dan House, New York. Curriny i. PL 1927. Experiments in wood preservation. I, Production of acid by wood-rotting fungi. Journ. Industr. Eng. Chem., vol. 19, No. 8, p. 878. Aug. 1927a. Experiments in wood preservation. II, Arsenites of copper and zinc. Loc. cit., vol. 19, No. 9, p. 993. Sept. 1927b. Experiments in wood preservation. Il, Preservative properties of basic sub- stances. Loc. cit., vol. 19, No. 10, p. 1159. Oct. CusHMan, R. A. 1923. A new subfamily of Braconidae (Hym.) from termite nests. Proc. Ent. Soc. Washington, vol. 25, No. 2, p. 55. Feb. Cutter, D. W. 1919. Observations on the Protozoa para- sitic in the hind gut of Archotermopsis wroughtoni Desn., pt. I. Quart. Journ. Micr. Sci., London, n. s., vol. 63, pt. 4, No. 252, pp. 555-588. Apr. 1920. Observations on the Protozoa para- sitic in the hind gut of Archotermopsis wroughtoni Desn., pt. II. Loc. cit. vol. 64, pt. 3, No. 255, pp. 383-411, pls. 18-21. Mar. 1921. Observations on the Protozoa para- sitic in the hind gut of Archotermopsis wroughtoni Desn., pt. III. Loc. cit., vol. 65, pt. 2, No. 258, pp. 247-264, 8 pls., 11 figs. Mar. Czervinski, K. K. See CHERVINSKY. Dapswe 1, I. W., and Dapswett, H. E. 1931. The relation between durability and the extractives of the cypress pines (Callitris spp.). Australian Journ. Counc. Sci. Industr. Res., vol. 4, pp. 208-216. DamMmerMan, K. W. 1913. De Hevea-termiet op Java. Med. Afd. Pl, Ziekt. Buitenzorg, No. 3, pp. I-12, 2 pls., 5 figs. 1913a. Termieten of witte mieren Teys- mannia, vol. 4, pp. 230-243, 3 pls. 1g1g. Lanbouwdierkunde van _oost-indie. Termieten en mieren, pp. 36-42. Am- sterdam. 1929. The agricultural zoology of the Malay Archipelago, 473 pp., 179 figs., 180 40 pls. J. H. de Bussy, Amsterdam. (Termites, pp. 22-30.) 1948. The fauna of Krakatau 1883-1893. Verh. Kon. Nederlandsche Akad. Wetenech. Afd. Naturkunde, 2d ser., vol. 44, pp. 1-594, 46 figs. 11 pls. Am- sterdam. (Termites, pp. 490-491, pl. 10.) Damon, S. R. 1926. A note on the spirochaetes of ter- mites. Journ. Bacteriol., Baltimore, vol. 11, No. 1, pp. 31-36, 1 pl. Jan. Dance, C. D. 1881. Chapters from a Guianese log-book. Georgetown. (Termites, pp. 159-161.) DaruincTon, J. P., JR. 1953. Obituary. Banks, Nathan (1868- 1953). Nature, London, vol. 171, No. 4348, p. 372. Feb. 28. Darwin, C. R. 1859. Origin of species. Chap. 8, Objec- tions to the theory of natural selection as applied to instincts: neuter and sterile insects. London. 1874. Recent researches on termites and stingless bees. Amer. Naturalist, vol. 8, Ppp. 553-556. Review of Fritz Miller, Nature, vol. 9, No. 11. 308-309. Davis, J. J. 1937. The prevention and control of ter- mites. Indiana Ext. Bull. No. 225, pp. 1-12, fig. July. 1946. The prevention and control of ter- mites. Revision of Indiana Ext. Bull. No. 225, pp. I-12. 1947. Building construction and insect pre- vention. Amer. Builder and Building Age, pp. 90-91. Jan. 1949. Your responsibilities as termite con- trol operators. Pests, vol. 17, No. 3, pp. 28, 32. Mar. 1950. 4th revision of 1937 item above, 16 pp., 7 figs. Dawson, T. R., and Doyte, L. A. 1950. Protection of vulcanized rubber against white ants. Res. Assoc. British Rubber Manuf., Journ. Rubber Res., vol. 19, pp. 101-105. Sept. Day, M. F. 1938. Preliminary observations on the en- vironment of Eutermes exitiosus Hill (Isoptera). Australian Journ. Counc. Sci. Industr. Res., vol. 11, No. 4, pp. 317-327, 1 fig. 5 graphs. D’Asreu, E. A. 1919. Some insect prey of birds in the Central Provinces, India. Proc. 3d SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 130 Ent. Meeting Pusa, vol. 3, p. 861. (Ter- mites.) Dean, H. A. 1954. Desert damp-wood termites as a threat to young citrus planted on re- cently-cleared brushland. Rio Grande Vall. Horticult. Inst. Proc., vol. 8, pp. 79-81. 1954a. Termites in citrus on newly-cleared brushland, Journ. Econ. Ent., vol. 47, No. 2, pp. 365-366. DeBacu, P. H., and McOmig, W. A. 1939. New diseases of termites caused by bacteria. Ann. Ent. Soc. Amer., vol. 32, No. 1, pp. 137-146. Mar. Décamps, M. 1936. Ravages des termites. Nouvelle méthode francaise de protection. The Times, Jan. 13. 1937. Mon voyage a Sainte-Heléne et des- truction des termites dans la maison de l’empereur, 87 pp., 8 pls., map. Delmas, Bordeaux. DEGRANDPRE, L. 1801. Voyage a la Céte occidentale d’Af- rique, vol. 1, p. 19. Paris. Deunst, J. 1928. On the mechanism of timber-protec- tion by preservatives. Rev. Appl. My- col., vol. 7, p. 688. DELAMARE-DEBOUTTEVILLE, C. 1947. Sur la morphologie des adultes ap- téres et ailés de Zoraptéres. Ann. Sci. Nat. Zool., ser. 11, vol. 9, No. 10, pp. 145-154, 5 figs. (Comparison with ter- mites. 1947a. Facteurs écologiques et éthologiques dans l’étude des Collemboles termito- philes et myrmécophile. Bull. Mus. Hist. Nat. Paris, vol. 19, No. 6, pp. 456-458. 1948. Entomologie—Sur la morphologie thoracique des insectes Zoraptéres. C. R. Acad. Sci., vol. 226, pp. 599-601. Feb. 1948a. Sur le regime alimentaire des Zorap- téres et leur prédateur Hoplitocoris camerunensis Jeannel. Bull. Sci. Bour- gogne, vol. 11, 1946-1947, pp. 97-98. Apr. 25. 1948b. Observations sur I’écologie et 1’éth- ology des Zoraptéres. La question de leur vie sociale et de leurs prétendus rapports avec les termites. Rev. Ent., vol. 19, No. 1-2, pp. 347-352. June. (1954. Rev. Brasil. Ent., vol. 1, pp. 129- 133. Mar.) WHOLE VOL. 1948c. Remarques éthologiques sur les Collemboles termitophiles. Bull. Soc. Ent. France, B, vol. 53, Nos. 5-6, pp. go-91. June 23. 1948d. Recherches sur les Collemboles ter- mitophiles et myrmécophiles. Arch. Zool. Exp. et Gen. Notes et Rev., vol. 85, pp. 261-425. July. 1952. L’homogeneité de la morphologie sternale des Blattopteroides (Martynov, 1938). Trans. oth Int. Congr. Ent. Amsterdam, vol. I, sec. 1, pp. 147-150, illustr. Aug. 17-24, 1951. 1954. See 1948b. DELAPLANE, W. K., Jr. 1951. New chemicals we’ve tried for ter- mite control. Pest Control, vol. 10, No. 9, pp. 31-32. Sept. 1953. Subs don’t always come from soil. Loc. cit., vol. 21, No. 7, pp. 39-40. July. De Leon, D. 1952. Insects associated with Sequoia sem- pervirens and gigantea in California. Pan-Pacific Ent., vol. 28, No. 2, pp. 84, 89. Apr. Detuasus, M., Lepicre, A., and Pasqutrr, R. 1933. Les termites. Les ennemis de la vigne en Algeria et les moyens pratiques de les combattre. Vol. 1, Les parasites animaux, pp. 28-33, fig. Der Lone, D. M. 1931. Modern buildings and the termite problem. Ohio Journ. Sci., vol. 31, No. 3, pp. 177-180. Columbus, May. De Lone, D. M., and Keacy, R. J. 1949. Termite cultures in the laboratory. Turtox News, vol. 27, No. 5, pp. 114- 116, illustr. May. Dez ME Lo, I. F. 1919. On some trichonymphae of the in- testine of Leucotermes indicola. Journ. Proc. Asiatic Soc. Bengal, n. s., vol. 15, pp. cl-cli. 1920. Contribution a l’étude de la faune parasitaire de l’intestin d’Hodotermes viarum Koenig de Coimbatore. Ann. Sci. Acad. Polytechn. Porto, vol. 14, pp. 44-48, 7 figs. 1920a. Notes sur quelques trichonymphides de l’Inde et Ceylan. Loc. cit., vol. 14, Pp. 49-50. 1g20b. The trichonymphid parasites of some Indian termites. Rep. Proc. 3d Ent. Meeting Pusa, vol. 3, pp. 1009- 1022, 3 pls. Feb. 1920c. Considerations sur les trichonymph- ides de l’intestin de l’Archotermopsis wroughtont Desn., études par le Dr. A. BIBLIOGRAPHY OF TERMITES: AUTHORS—-SNYDER 181 Imms. Bull. Soc. Portug. Sci. Nat., vol. 8, pp. 189-198. 1921. Sobre algumas triconimfidas do in- testino do Leucotermes indicola Wasm. Arg. Indo-Portug. Med. Hist. Nat., vol. 1, pp. 101-136, 14 pls. 1921a. Ensaio d’identificagao das triconim- fidas sumariamente descritas pelo, Prof. Bugnion de Ceilao. Loc, cit., pp. 161- 167, 4 pls. 1927. Revision des trichonymphides du Leucotermes indicola Wasm. Arq. Esc. Med.-Cirurgia Nova-Goa, ser. A, fasc. I, pp. 1-28, pls. 1-8. 1928. Revision des trichonymphides du Leucotermes indicola Wasm. Loc. cit., fasc. 3, pp. 239-263, pls. 9-12. 1929. Tric(h)onymphides de I’intestin de Leucotermes indicola Wasm. avec réf- érence spéciale a la complexité de leurs phénomines mitotiques. Trans. 7th Congr. Far East Assoc. Trop. Med., vol. 2, pp. 582-598, 5 pls. 1937. Sur des Trichonymphides nouveaux des termites indiens. C. R. 12th Int. Congr. Zool., Lisbon, 1935, vol. 2, pp. 1353-1381, 4 pls., 2 figs. 1941. Revision of the family Devescovini- dae, its genera and species with record of the Indian species of Devescovina. Proc. Indian Acad. Sci., sec. B, vol. 14, No. 2, pp. 75-94, 18 figs. 1941a. On a Spirotrichonympha parasite in the intestine of Hodotermes viarum Koenig from Coimbatore. Arq. Esc. Med.-Cirurgia Nova-Goa, ser. A, vol. 15, Pp. 1-25, 2 pls. 1942. (On the morphology and classifica- tion of the big trichonymphid parasite of the intestine of Hodotermes viarum Koenig from Coimbatore.) Loc. cit., vol. 15, pp. 1-26, 2 pls. 1942a. Final studies on the parasites of Hodotermes viarum Koenig from Coimbatore. Loc. cit., vol. 18, pp. 1-10, 12 figs. 1942b. On two species of trichomonads from the intestine of Hodotermes viarum Koenig from Coimbatore. Loc. cit., vol. 18, pp. 1-16, 6 figs. 1946. Estudos ulteriores sébre os proto- zoarios intestinais de uma termite in- diana do género Cryptotermes. An. Inst. Med. Trop., vol. 3, pp. 29-52, 2 tables. Dec. 1946a. Further studies on the intestinal Protozoa of an Indian Cryptotermes. 182 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS Loc. cit., vol. 3, pp. 53-80, 2 tables, 6 figs. Dec. 1949. Note on Holomastigotoides opercula- tum n. sp., parasite of a wood-eating termite collected at Dharwar. Loc. cit., vol. 6, pp. 71-74. 1950. (An amoeba of the genus Vahl- kampfia parasitic in the intestine of an Indian Coptotermes.) Rev. Soc. Mexicana Hist. Nat., vol. 10, pp. 53-56, illustr. 1952. Contribution a l’étude des micro- parasites des termites brésilliens. I, Sur une “Devescovina”’ du termite africain Cryptotermes havilandi (Sjéstedt) fixé dans le sol brésilien. Rev. Brasil. Biol., vol. 12, No. 4, pp. 433-445, illustr. Dec. 1952a. (On a flagellate of the genus Tri- comitus, a parasite of the African ter- mite Cryptotermes havilandi Sjostedt, collected in Brazilian territory (San- tos).) Arq. Biol., vol. 33, No. 310, pp. 100-103, illustr. 1953. Sur une Oxymonade de l’intestin du termite africain Cryptotermes havilandi Sjostedt, recolté A Santos (Brésil). Rev. Brasil. Biol., vol. 13, No. 1, pp. 65-72, 10 figs., 2 tables. Apr. 1953a. Some morphological aspects of a Stephanonympha from the intestinal content of a new species of Rugitermes from Sertaozinha (State of Sao Paulo). Arq. Biol., vol. 37, No. 312, pp. 47-50. (S. lindoya.) 1953b. Sur deux nouvelles espéces de Foaina qui, outre la Foaina reflexa Kirby, 1942, parasitent le termite afri- cain Cryptotermes havilandi Sjéstedt recolté a Santos (Brésil). Arch. Pro- tistenk., vol. 99, Heft 3, pp. 55-69, il lustr. Dec. 15. 1953c. On a new species of Oxymonas from the intestinal contents of the Bra- zilian termite Neotermes hirtellus (Sil- vestri). An. Inst. Med. Trop., vol. 10, No. 2, pp. 251-260, 1 pl., 1 text fig. Lisbon, Portugal. June. 1954. Pseudotrichonympha sertaneja n. sp. (Protozoa, Mastigophora), from the intestine of a new termite (Rugitermes sp.) collected in Brazil. Parasitology, vol. 44, pp. 24-29. May. 1954a. On a new species of Stephano- nympha (Protozoa, Mastigophora) from the intestine of the Brazilian ter- mite, Neotermes hirtellus. Loc. cit., vol. 44, pp. 30-33. May. VOL. 130 1954b. Contribution a l’étude des micro- parasites de termites brésiliens. II, Un nouveau calonymphide, Snyderella yp- tranga sp. n., de Rugitermes rugosus (Hagen 1858). Rev. Brasil. Biol., vol. 14, pp. 71-78. Apr. 1954c. Contribution a l'étude des micro- parasites des termites brésiliens. III, Encore les flagellés de Rugitermes rugosus (Hagen, 1858), recolté a Mont "Alegre do Sul (Etat de Sao Paulo). Loc. cit., vol. 14, pp. 167-176. June. 1954d. On two Polymastigina parasites of the African termite Cryptotermes havt- landi Sjostedt settled in Brazil. (In Portuguese.) Sao Paulo. Dept. Zool. Papéis Avulsos, vol. 11, pp. 49-56. Eng- lish summary. 1954e. On an amoeba of the genus Endo- limax, parasite of the Brazilian termite Cornitermes cumulans (Kollar), col- lected in Sao Paulo. (In Portuguese.) Sao Paulo. Dept. Zool. Papéis Avulsos, vol. 11, pp. 345-351. English summary. De MeE:1o, I. F., and Betarmino, L. 1941. First record of an amoeba parasite of an Indian termite. Proc. Indian Acad. Sci., sec. B, vol. 14, No. 1, pp. 68-73, 6 figs. July. De Me to, I. F., and Dre MEtto, A. F. B. 1942. Hypermastiginids of the genus Holo- mastigotoides Grassi and Foa in the intestine of Hodotermes viarum Koe- nig from Coimbatore. Arq. Esc. Med.- Cirurgia Nova-Goa, ser. A, vol. 18, pp. 1-17, pl. 2. 1944. The first Indian species of Proboscei- diella from an Indian Cryptotermes. An. Inst. Med. Trop., vol. 1, No. 2, pp. 205-227. De Me to, I. F., and Montirero, G. 1942. Strobilonympha, a new genus of pseudometameric trichonymphids in the intestinal contents of Hodotermes viarum Koenig from Coimbatore. Arq. Esc. Med.-Cirurgia Nova-Goa, ser. A, vol. 18, pp. 1-14, pl. 1. Dennis, J. R. 1942. Notes sur quelques collemboles ter- mitophiles. Ann. Sci. Nat. Zool. et Biol. Anim., ser. 11, vol. 4, pp. I-19, 4 figs. 1949. In Grassé, 1949. Ordre des Zorap- téres, pp. 544-555, figs. 192-201. (Re- lated to termites.) Denny, C. 1953. How to inspect slab-type homes for WHOLE VOL. termites. Pest Control, vol. 21, No. 2, pp. 14, 16, 18, 20, illustr. 1954. Believe only what you see. Precau- tions to watch in treating slab-houses for termites. Pts. 1-2. Loc. cit., vol. 22, No. 3, pp. 33-34, Mar.; No. 4, pp. 40, 42, Apr. Deoras, P. J. 1945. Preliminary observations on Poona termites. (Abstr.) Proc. 32d Indian Sci. Congr., Nagpur, vol. 3, p. 107. 1949. Mound-forming termites and their control. Current Sci., vol. 18, pp. 445- 446. Dec. Derry, D. E. 1911. Damage to skulls and bones by ter- mites. Nature, London, vol. 86, pp. 245-246. D’Escayac, DE LAUTURE 1853. Le désert et le Soudan, etc., p. 85, pl. x, p. 352. Paris. Descu, H. E. 1953. Timber, its structure and properties. Macmillan and Co., London. (Ter- mites, pp. 233-236, pl. 56, fig. 4.) DesHPANDE, R. B. 1943. The cultivation of chillies. Indian Farming, vol. 4, No. 4, pp. 188-191. DEsNEUX, J. 1906. Termitidae 0 comejenes. Habitos e historia de su vida. Primer informe anual de la Estacién Central Agroné- mica de Cuba rst de April 1g904-30th June, 1905, pp. 393-407, 10 figs. Ha- bana, June 1906. 1923. Quelques points particuliers de la société des termites. Bull. Soc. Ent. Belgique, vol. 4, No. 13, pp. 135-142; Foundation de colonies nouvelles par des adultes ailés. Loc. cit., vol. 5, Nos. I-2, pp. 17-24. Feb. 20. 1948. Les nidifications souterraines des Apicotermes, termites del’ Afrique tropi- cale. Rev. Zool. et Bot. Africaine, vol. 41, pp. 1-54, 20 pls. 8 figs. July 3. 1950. Apicotermes of tropical Africa. Loc. Git. VOls-ar, p:.735: 1953. Les constructions hypogées des Api- cotermes termites de |’Afrique tropi- cale. Ann. Mus. Roy. Congo Belge Tervuren, Belgique, Sci. Zool., vol. 17 (1952), 123 pp., 50 pls. May. 1953a. Notes sur la phylogénie des nidifica- tions des Apicotermes. Ann. Sci. Nat. Zool. et Biol. Anim., ser. 11, vol. 14 (1952), £. 2-4, pp. 393-396. Mar. 1954. Nidifications d’Anoplotermes du Congo Belge. Ann. Mus. Roy. Congo BIBLIOGRAPHY OF TERMITES: AUTHORS—SNYDER 183 Belge Tervuren, n. s., Sci. Zool., vol. 1, pp. 346-347, 3 figs. Dews, S. C., and Morrit, A. W,, JR. 1946. DDT for insect control at army in- stallations in the Fourth Service Com- mand. Journ. Econ. Ent. vol. 39, No. 3, PP. 347-355: Dick, J. 1951. Insect pests in Natal cane, 2. The Isoptera and Homoptera families. South African Sugar Journ., vol. 35, pp. 99, 1o1. Feb. Dickman, A. 1931. Studies on the intestinal flora of ter- mites with reference to their ability to digest cellulose. Biol. Bull., vol. 61, No. 1, pp. 85-92. Dietz; ERR. 1921. Notes on the termites of Indiana, 1. Proc. Indiana Acad. Sci., 1920, pp. 7-96, 2 pls., 2 figs. 1924. Notes on the termites of Indiana, 2. Loc. cit., vol. 33, pp. 279-301. Dietz, H. F.; and Snyper, T. E. 1924. Biological notes on the termites of the Canal Zone and adjoining parts of the Republic of Panama. Journ. Agric. Res. (U.S. Dept. Agric.), vol. 26 (1923), No. 7, pp. 279-302, 8 pls. Dieuzeipe, R. 1933. Gen. Rev. Zool. Agric. et Appl., vol. 32, INO. 12, D. 200. Drier, J. D. 1953. Soil cover reduces decay hazard of basementless houses. U.S. Dept. Agric., Forest Pathology Special Release No. 38, pp. 8, figs. 6. Dimo, N. A. 1917. (Le réle et l’importance des termites dans le caractére du sol au Turkestan.) (In Russian.) Le Géologue Russe, Nos. 7-10, pp. 153-190, 3 diagrams, 4 tables of figs. Distant, W. L. 1892. A naturalist in the Transvaal, 277 pp. 30 figs.;: 5) pis., 4 cok R. EL Porter, London. (Termites, pp. 48-50.) Dirmars, R. L. 1905. Some very odd mammals. Zool. Soc. Bull., New York, No. 19, pp. 246-248. 1907. A collection of Trinidad reptiles — The subterranean serpent Glauconia albifrons from Trinidad. Loc. cit., No. 24, p. 322. 1910. Reptiles of the world. Sturgis and Walton, New York. (Glauconia albi- frons predacious on termites, p. 217.) 184 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS 1951. Reptile book. Doubleday, Page and Co., New York, p. 126. Drxon, W. A. 1910. Protection from white ants and other pests. Nature, vol. 85, p. 271. Dec. 29. Drxon, W. B. 1946. The drywood termites (Cryptotermes brevis). Glimpses Jamaican Nat. Hist., vol. 2, pp. 31-34. Doane, R. W. 1924. Turret-building termites. Journ. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., vol. 24, pp. 98- 100, 4 figs. Doane, R. W., Van Dyke, E. C., CHAMBER- LIN; .W.,J.,-and: Burke)... E. 1936. Forest Insects, pp. 408-423, figs. McGraw-Hill, New York. DosBELAERE, G. 1945. A propos de Reticulitermes lucifugus. Bull. Soc. Ent. France, vol. 50, No. 4, p. 49. July to. Dozer, ‘C:. GC. 1910. On some parasitic Protozoa from Ceylon. Spolia Zeylanica, vol. 7, pp. 65-87, I pl. Dosson, R. J. 1918. A European termite Reticulotermes (sic!) lucifugus Rossi in the vicinity of Boston. Psyche, vol. 25, No. 5, pp. 99-101. Oct. DoszHansky, T. 1941. The dynamics of evolution. 446 pp., 24 figs. Columbia Univ. Press. D6pERLEIN, L. 1881. Termiten in Japan. Mitt. Ges. Natur. und Vélkenkunde Ostasiens, vol. 3, pp. 211, 212. Yokohama. DoF tein, F. 1gor. Die Protozoen als Parasiten und Krankheitserreger, pp. xiii+274, 220 figs. G. Fischer, Jena. (Termites, pp. 87-88.) 1905. Die Pilzkulturen der Termiten. Verh. Deutsch. Zool. Ges., vol. 15, pp. 140-149, 2 figs. 1906-1907. Termite truffles. Spolia Zey- lanica, vol. 3, pp. 203-209. Fungus gardens of subterranean termites in Ceylon. Loc. cit., vol. 4, p. 191. 1906a. Die pilzziichten Termiten. Ostasien- fahrt Erleb. Beob. Naturf. in China, Japan, Ceylon, pp. 454-473, 9 figs. B. G. Teubner, Berlin. Docr1, V. 1916. On some parasitic Protozoa from the intestines of termites. I, Tetramitidae. Russ. Journ. Zool., vol. 1, pp. 1-54, 4 pls. VOL. 130 1917. (Researches on the parasitic Protozoa from the intestines of termites.) II, Lophomonadidae. Sci. Res. Exped. British E. Africa made by Prof. V. Dogiel and I. Sokolow in 1914, No. 10, Pp. 1-35, 2 pls. 1917a. Cyclonympha strobila n. g., n. sp. Journ. Microbiol., vol. 4, pp. 47-56, 3 pis. 1922. Untersuchungen an parasitischen Pro- tozoen aus dem Darmkanal der Ter- miten. III, Trichonymphidae. Arch. Russ. Protistol. Ges., vol. 1, pp. 172-234, pls. 12-14. Donen, C. A. 1885. Nachtrag zu Hagen: Ueber Ter- mitenschaden. Stettin Ent. Zeitschr., vol. 46, p. 61. DonistHorPE, H. Sr. J. K. 1900. The guests of ants and termites. Ex- tracts from E. Wasmann’s, Die Gaste der Ameisen und Termiten, 1898. Ent. Rec. Journ. Var., vol. 12, pp. 41-43, 72-75, 87-89, I10-I19, 147-150, 204-206, I pl. Dover, C. 1931. Some methods of testing the com- parative durability of Indian timbers in relation to termite attack. Indian Forester, vol. 57, pp. 341-351. July. Dover, C., and Maruur, R. N. 1934. Methods of testing the susceptibility of timbers to termite attack. Indian Forest. Rec., vol. 20, No. 7, pp. I-20. Dow, R. P. 1915. The land of the rose apple tree. Bull. Brooklyn Ent. Soc., n. s., vol. 10, No. 5, pp. 94-100. Dec. Downes, H. 1836. Note. (Nest from Fernando Po.) Proc. Ent. Soc. London, vol. 2, p. ii. Dracorm Gari 1919. Notes on the flying white ant and scorpions that feed on them. Misc. Notes 39, Journ. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc., vol. 26, No. 3, pp. 873-874. Oct. DreFau., L. C. 1930. Zinc chloride as a wood preservative, its past, present and future. Proc. Amer. Wood Preserv. Assoc., vol. 26, pp. 78-96, illustr. Dropkin, V. H. 1940. Transfaunation studies on Zooter- mopsis sp. Anat. Rec. Philadelphia, suppl. p. ror. 1941. Host specificity relations of termite Protozoa. Ecology, vol. 22, No. 2, pp. 200-202. Apr. WHOLE VOL. 1944. The ecology of the termite gut. Univ. Chicago (thesis), Library Con- gress, 33 pp. 1946. The use of mixed colonies of termites in the study of host-symbiont relations. Journ. Parasitol., vol. 32, No. 3, pp. 247-251. June. Drummonp, H. 1887. On the termite as the tropical ana- logue of the earth worm. Proc. Roy. Soc. Edinburgh, vol. 13, pp. 137-146. 1888. Tropical Africa. Chap. 6, the white ant. A theory, pp. 123-158. London. Drury, D. 1782. Illustration of Natural History, vol. 3, p. xvii, termites. London. Dusosca, O., and Grass, P. P. 1924. Notes sur les Protistes parasites des termites de France. I, Trichomonas trypanoides n. sp. C. R. Soc. Biol., Paris, vol. 90, pp. 547-551, 5 figs. Mars) 3. 1924a. Notes sur les Protistes parasites des termites de France. II, Sur l’evolution de Janickiella grassit Dub. et Gras. Loc. cit., vol. 90, pp. 1442-1445, I0 figs. 1925. Notes sur les Protistes parasites des termites de France. Appareil de Golgi, mitochondries et vésicules sousflagel- laires de Pyrsonympha vertens Leidy. Loc. cit., vol. 93, pp. 345-348, 7 figs. 1927. Protistologica VII. Flagellés et Schizophytes de Calotermes (Glypto- termes) iridipennis Frogg. Arch. Zool. Exp. et Gén., vol. 66, No. 6, pp. 451- 496, 4 pls., 14 figs. 1927a. Sur la division mitotique de Tricho- nympha chattoni Dub. et Gras. C. R. Soc. Biol., Paris, vol. 96, pp. 92-94, 1 fig. 1928. Notes sur les Protistes parasites des termites de France. V, Les Spirotricho- nympha et leur evolution. Arch. Zool. Exp. et Gén., vol. 67, No. 4 (notes et rev.), pp. 159-178, figs. 1-12. 1930. Protistologica XXI. Coleomitus n. g. au lieu de Coleonema pour le Schizo- phyte C. pruvoti Dub. et Grassé, para- site d’un Calotermes des fles Loyalty. Ihoc.citsavol:.70;.. No. 1,.p.\28: 1934. Protistologica XLVIII. Notes sur les Protistes parasites des termites de France. VII, Sur les Trimitus de Calo- termes flavicollis Rossi. VIII, Sur M:- crorhopalodina inflata (Grassi). Loc. cit., vol. 75, No. 36, pp. 615-637. Sept. 1934a. Protistologica XLV. Notes sur les Protistes parasites des termites de BIBLIOGRAPHY OF TERMITES: AUTHORS—SNYDER 185 France. IX, L’enkystement des flagel- lés de Calotermes flavicollis. Loc. cit., vol. 76, No. 2, pp. 66-72, fig. 1943. Les flagellés de lAnacanthotermes ochraceus. Loc. cit., vol. 82, No. 7, pp. 401-438, 46 figs. Dusosca, O., Grass, P. P., and Ross, M. 1937. Les flagellés de Anacanthotermes ochraceus du Sud-algérien. C. R. Acad. Sci., vol. 205, No: 14, p. 574. Oct. Ducas,’ D: 1949. You can avoid the pest extermina- tor’s racket. House Beautiful, vol. 91, No. 1, pp. 87, 136-139. Feb. DucxeE, A. 1902. Die stachellosen Bien (Melipona II.) von Para. Zool. Jahrb. (Syst.), vol. 17 (1903), pp. 285-328. (Melipona (Tri- gona) dallatoreana Friese found in ter- mite nest.) Durr, C. E. 1935. Preservative test and durability trials with native timbers of the copperbelt of Northern Rhodesia. British Wood Preserv. Assoc. Journ., vol. 5, pp. 69-75. 1944. Termite resistance test on the copper- belt of Northern Rhodesia. Emp. For- est. Journ., vol. 23, No. 2, pp. 160-162. Durour, L. 1841. Recherches anatomiques et physi- ologiques sur les Orthoptéres, Hy- ménoptéres et les Néuroptéres. Mém. Acad. Roy. Sci. Inst. France, vol. 7, pp. 265-647, 13 pls. (T. lucifugum, pp. 608-609, pl. 13, figs. 196-197.) 1849. Anatomie de la reine du T. lucifuge. In Joly, Recherches sur les termites, 1849, pp. 1-37. Duseast, R. 1947. Le DDT et la lutte contre les ter- mites. C. R. Acad. Agric. France, vol. 33, pp. 192-194. Paris, Mar. 5-12. DumerIL, C. 1828. Termés ou termite. Dict. Sci. Nat., vol. 53, pp. 173-180. Duncan, C. D. ; 1939. Termites. California State Dept. Edu- cation. Science guide for elementary schools, vol. 5, No. 9. Duntap, M. E. 1926. The painting of treated wood. Journ. Industr. Eng. Chem., vol. 18, p. 1ogr1. Dunmore, L. A., Jr., and Cot.ins, M. S. 1951. Caste differences in toleration of dry- ing in Reticulitermes flavipes. Anatom. Rec., vol. 111, p. 513 (abstr.). Nov. 186 Du Ptessts, C. 1931. The termite danger. Farming in South Africa, Reprint 47, pp. 1-2. July. 1931a. Termites in buildings. Dept. Agric. South Africa, Reprint 74, 7 pp., illustr. Pretoria. 1935. Termites in buildings. Farming in South Africa, vol. 10, pp. 423-425, 3 figs. Duranp, J. B. L. 1802. Voyage en Senegal, pp. 89 and 117. Paris. D’Urra, G. R. P. 1905. Formigas brancas ou cupims do campo. Meios de destruil-os. Pub- licacao da Secretaria Sao Paulo, Brasil. Red. Rev. Agric., pp. I-10. Dypas: BES: 1955. New feather-wing beetles from ter- mite nests in the American Tropics (Coleoptera: Ptiliidae.) Fieldiana: Zo- ology, vol. 37, pp. 561-577, figs. 115-121. June 109. Easter, S. S. 1946. Termite damage at army posts. The Military Engineer, Nov., 2 pp., 4 figs. EBELING, W. 1950. Subtropical entomology, 747 pp., illustr. (lithotype). Epner, R. 1926. In Sjostedt, 1926d*, Anhang. Einige Beobachtungen an Termitenbauten. Denkschr. Akad. Wiss. Wien, Math- Nat. KI., vol. 100, pp. 71-76. Epwarps, F. W. 1927. Diptera Nematocera from the Dutch East Indies. IV, Species from Java and Kei Is. Treubia, vol. 9, No. 4, pp. 352- 370, 5 figs. Epwarps, W. H. 1937. Progress report on damage done in the Kingston and St. Andrew area by termites which infest buildings. Dept. Sci. and Agric. Bull. ro, n. s., 11 pp. Jamaica Govt. Printing Office. 1938. Fiddler beetles, termites and eel- worms. Dept. Sci. and Agric. Bull. 14, Nn. S.. pp. 7-24. Jamaica. 1939. The preservation of wooden build- ings in the Tropics, with special ref- erence to conditions existing in Jamaica. Loc. icit,,| 32\ pp., I1.figs. Tr pls: Eunruorn, E. M. 1915. Entomological notes. Proc. Hawaiian Ent. Soc., vol. 3, No. 2, pp. 55-56. July. 1921. Notes and exhibitions. Loc. cit., vol. 4, No. 3, p. 468. Sept. 1921a. Report Chief Plant Inspector, Rep. SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 130 Bd. Comm. Agric. and Forestry, Terr. Hawaii, for 1920. Honolulu. (Ter- mites, p. 76, pl. 16.) 1928. Entomological notes. Proc. Hawaiian Ent. Soc., vol. 7, No. 1, pp. 4, 18. June. 1929. Entomological notes. Loc. cit., vol. 7, No. 2, p. 230. 1931. Termites in Hawaii. Mid-Pacific Mag., vol. 42, No. 4, pp. 330-332, 1 pl. Oct. 1934. Entomological notes. Proc. Hawaiian Ent. Soc., vol. 8, No. 3, p. 360, 364. July. 1934. In Kofoid, 1934, 2d ed. The termites of Hawaii, their economic significance and control and the distribution of ter- mites by commerce, pp. 321-333. 1936. Note. (Hawaii, Coptotermes for- mosanus shorting electric cables.) Proc. Hawaiian Ent. Soc. vol. 9, No. 2, p: r32.WApr: E..iot, G. 1904. Note. (Termites in water 50 meters below surface.) Anglo-French Niger- Chad Boundary Comm. Geogr. Journ., vol. 24, No. 5, pp. 505-523. London. (Termites, pp. 515-516.) Extiott, E. C., and WuireHeap, F. J. 1926. Tea planting in Ceylon. Chap. 6, insect pests. Colombo and London Times of Ceylon, Colombo. Bins benke 1936. Tidewater red cypress resists termites for over 300 years at St. Augustine. South. Lumber Journ., vol. 40, No. 11, p. 22. Nov. ELTRINGHAM, H. 1935. Short notes. (Larva of Passalactis tentatrix, Nyasaland.) Proc. Roy. Ent. Soc. London, vol. 10, No. 1, pp. 49-51. Emerson, A. E. 1919. Termites of Kartobo. Bull. New York Zool. Soc., vol. 22, No. 4, pp. 275-277. July. 1923. Ecological relations of termites. Journ. New York Ent. Soc., vol. 31, No 3. p. 160. Sept. 1926. Development of a soldier of Nasuti- termes (Constrictotermes) cavifrons (Holmgren) and its phylogenetic sig- nificance. Zoologica, New York, vol. 7, No. 2, pp. 69-100, 1 pl., 9 figs. Nov. 12. 1929. The social life of termites. Rep. Sympos. Termite Invest. Comm., Univ. California, 1929, Sept. 2-13, pp. 24-30. 1929a. Communication among termites. Trans. 4th Int. Ent. Congr., Ithaca, vol. 2, pp. 722-727. WHOLE VOL. 1929b. Ecological relationships between termites and termitophiles in British Guiana. toth Congr. Int. Zool. 4 Buda- pest, 1927, pt. 2, pp. 1008-1009 (sum- mary). 1933. Conditioned behavior among ter- mites (Isoptera). Psyche, vol. 40, No. 4, pp. 125-129. Dec. 1933a. The mechanism of the tandem be- havior following the colonizing flight of termites. Abs. Anat. Rec., vol. 57, No. 4, suppl., p. 61. 1934. In Kofoid, 1934, 2d ed. Map world distribution, p. 117. 1935. Termitophile distribution and quan- titative characters as indicators of physi- ological specification in British Guiana termites. Ann. Ent. Soc. Amer., vol. 28, No. 3, pp. 369-395, 17 figs. Sept. 1936. Distribution of termites. Science, vol. 83, No. 2157, pp. 410-411. May 1. 1936a. Review. “Our enemy the termite,” T. E. Snyder, 1935. Ecology, vol. 17, No. 2, p. 302. Brooklyn, N.Y., Apr. 1937. Termite nests—a study of the phy- logeny of behavior. (Nat. Acad. Sci. II, Abstr. papers presented at Chicago meeting.) Science, vol. 85, No. 2193, p:562- Jan. 8: 1937a. Termite architecture. Nat. Hist., New York, vol. 39, No. 4, pp. 241-248, 13 figs. 1937b. The termite problem. The social organization of these insects, whose ravages are particularly grievous in the Tropics, pits man against an ancient and spectacular legion of military en- gineers. Nat. Hist., New York, vol. 39, No. 4, pp. 249-254, 6 figs. 1938. Termite nests. A study of the phy- logeny of behavior. Ecolog. Monogr., vol. 8, No. 2, pp. 247-284, 14 figs. Durham, N.C., Apr. 1939. Report of two cases of termite intro- duction of Coptotermes, pp. 1-2 (mime- ogr.). 1939a. Populations of social insects. Ecolog. Monogr., vol. 9, No. 3, pp. 287-300, fig. 1. July. 1939b. Social coordination and the super- organism. Amer. Midland Nat., vol. 21, No. 1, pp. 182-209. Jan. 1941. Phylogeny of the termites (abstr.). Journ. New York Ent. Soc., vol. 49, No.5, p. 115) Mar. 1942. Ecology and evolution. Chronica Botanica, vol. 7, pp. 151-152. July. 1942a. Basic comparisons of human and BIBLIOGRAPHY OF TERMITES: AUTHORS—SNYDER 187 insect societies. Biol. Sympos., vol. 8, pp. 163-176. 1942b. The modern naturalist. Transyl- vania Coll. Bull., vol. 15, No. 7, pp. 71-77. Sept. 1943. Ecology, evolution and society. Amer. Nat., vol. 77, pp. 97-118. Mar.-Apr. 1945. Taxonomic categories and population genetics. Ent. News, vol. 56, No. 1, pp. 14-19. Jan. 1947. Why termites? Sci. Monthly, vol. 64, No. 4, pp. 337-345. Apr. 1949. In Allee et al., 1949. Principles of animal ecology. W. B. Saunders Co., Phila. (Termites, pp. 133, 272, 420- 426, 429-430, 435, 615, 617, 629, 633- 635, 645-646, 660-661, 665, 672, 675, 692-695, 698-699, 701, 713-714, 716-727.) 1950. Five new genera of termites from South America and Madagascar (Isop- tera, Rhinotermitidae, Termitidae). Amer. Mus. Nov., No. 1444, pp. I-15, 6 figs. 1951. Termite studies in the Belgian Congo. Deuxieme Rapp. Ann. (1949) Inst. Rech. Sci. Afriq. Centr., pp. 149-160, 4 pls. Mar. 21. 1952. The biogeography of termites. Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., vol. 99, art. 3, pp. 217-225. July 15. 1952a. The supraorganismic aspects of the society. In France. Centre Nat. Rech. Sci. XXXIV. Structure et physiologie des sociétés animales. Paris, Service des Publications, vol. 13, pp. 333-354, pl. 17. Mar. 1950. 1952b. The neotropical genera Procorni- termes and Cornitermes (Isoptera, Ter- mitidae). Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., vol. 99, art. 8 pp. 479-539, 32 figs. Nov. 6. 1953. The African genus Apicotermes. Ann. Mus. Roy. Congo Belge Tervuren, Belgique, Sci. Zool., vol. 17 (1952), pp. 101-121, 4 figs. May. 1953a. The biological foundations of ethics and social progress. Im Goals of eco- nomic life, ed. Ward, chap. 10, pp. 277-304. A. D. Harper and Bros. 1953b. Evolution of social behavior as illus- trated by the termite genus Apicoter- mes. Proc. Amer. Assoc. Econ. Ent., North Central States Br., vol. 8, p. 39. 1954. Dynamic homeostasis: a unifying principle in organic and ethical evolu- tion. Sci. Monthly, vol. 78, No. 2, pp. 67-85. Feb. 188 1955. Biological species. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 3 pp., reprint. 1955a. Geographical origins and disper- sions of termite genera. Fieldiana: Zoology, vol. 37, pp. 465-522, 8 tables. June 109. Emerson, A. E., and Fisu, E. 1937. Termite city, pp. 1-127, 37 figs. Rand McNally, Chicago. Emerson, A. E., and Miter, E. M. 1943. A key to the termites of Florida. Ent. News, vol. 54, No. 8, pp. 184-187. Oct. 1944. A key to the termites of Florida. Proc. Florida Acad. Sci., vol. 6 (1943), pp. 108-109. Emerson, A. E., and Simpson, R. C. 1929. Apparatus for the detection of sub- stratum communication among. ter- mites. Science, n. s., vol. 69, No. 1799, pp. 648-649, 1 fig. Emery, C. 1893. Zusammensetzung und Entstehung der Termitengesellschaften. Biol. Cen- tralbl., vol. 13, pp. 758-766. Emik, L. O. 1941. Ingestion of food by Trichonympha. Trans. Amer. Micr. Soc., vol. 60, No. 1, pp. 1-6, 24 figs. EncseErG, A. G. 1952. ARPs not helpful to architects, Eng- berg tells NPCA termite session. Pest Control, vol. 20, No. 12, pp. 23-24. ENGLIsH, E. F. 1928. The present status of timber preser- vation in South Africa, British Empire Forestry Conf. Pretoria, Bull. 22, 33 pp. 1929. The study of sulphur as a wood preservative. Journ. South African Inst. Eng., vol. 28, No. 7, pp. 127-141, 3 figs. Feb. Ennis, M. V. 1946. Honey hunting in Angola. Nature Mag., vol. 39, p. 186, illustr. ErpTMAN, H. 1949. Heartwood extractives of conifers: their fungicidal and_insect-repellent properties and taxonomic interest. Tappi, vol. 32, No. 7, pp. 305-310, tables. (Journ. Techn. Assoc. Pulp and Paper Industr.) July. ERGENE, S. 1949. Spielen die Darmbakterien von Calo- termes flavicollis bei der Assimilation der atmosphaerischen Stickstoff eine Rolle? Istanbul Univ. Rev. Fac. Sci., ser. B, vol. 14, No. 1, pp. 49-70. SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 130 EricHson, W. F. 1948. Insecten (of British Guiana). Schom- burgk, Reis. Brit.-Guiana, vol. 3, pp. 582-583. Ernst, E. 1952. Vom “Liebesspaziergang” der Ter- miten. Leben und Umwelt, Heft 8, PP. 257-259. Aug. Esakt, T. 1937. The large termite Zootermopsis angusticollis (Hagen) introduced from Oregon, U.S.A., to Japan. Kontyu, Tokyo, vol. 11, No. 5, pp. 344-346, 1 fig. Sept. 1954. Iconographia Japonicorum, Tokyo, ed. 2, p. 88. (In Japanese.) Escuericu, K. 1903. Review. “Contribuzione alla cono- scenza dei Termitidi et Termitophili dell’America meridionale,” F. Silvestri, 1903. Zool. Centralbl., vol. 10, p. 480. 1903a. Review. “Monographie der Ter- miten Africas,” Y. Sjodtedt, 1900-1903. Loc. cit., vol. 10, pp. 480-481. 1905. Das System der Lepismatiden. (Ent- halt die Beschreibung termitophiler- Lepismatiden.) Zoologica, Stuttgart, vol. 18, No. 43, pp. 1-164, 4 pls. (Ter- mitophiles, pp. 149-151.) 1906. Beitrage zur Kenntnis der Thysanu- ren. II, Reihe. Termitophiler Lepis- matiden. Zool. Anz., Leipzig, vol. 30, PP- 739-749. 1908. Aus dem Leben der Termiten oder “weissen Ameisen.” Leipziger Illustr. Zeit., vol. 131, No. 3404, pp. 513-518, 6 figs. (2 col.). Sept. 24. 1908a. Kleinere biologische Beobachtungen aus Erythraea. Verh. Ges. Natf, Leip- zig, vol. 79 (1907), II, I, 1908, pp. 247- 248. 1g08b, Eine Ferienreise nach Erythraea, 44 pp. Leipzig. (Termite guests, P. 33+) ; 1909. Die Termiten oder weissen Ameisen, 198 pp., I pl. col., 51 figs. Werner Klinkhardt, Leipzig. t90ga. Ein Blick in das Heiligtum eines Termitenstaates. Aus der Natur, vol. 5, pp. 1-5, 1 pl. 1909b. The life history of the termite. A formidable tropical pest. Sci. Amer. Suppl., vol. 67, pt. 1, pp. 136-318. rgogc. Die pilzziichtenden Termiten. Biol. Centralbl., vol. 29, No. 1, pp. 16-27, 1 pl. Leipzig, Jan. 1. 1g09d. Termitenbauten. Kosmos, vol. 6, Pp. 234-239, 8 figs. WHOLE VOL. 1910. Ueber Termiten. 41. Ber. Sencken- berg. Nat. Ges. Frankfurt a. M., Heft 3, pp. 199-201. 1gtoa. Termitenschaden. Ein Beitrag zur kolonialen Forstentomologie. Thar- andt. Forstl. Jahrb., vol. 61, pp. 168- 185, 3 figs. 1912. Von der Baukunst der Termiten. Biol. Centralbl., vol. 32, pp. 211-213, 1 fig. Essie. Ba ©} 1926. Insects of Western North America. MacMillan Co., New York. (Termites, chap. 8, pp. 112-119, figs. 69-71.) 1926a. Swarming termites. Pan-Pacific Ent, vol. 3, INo) 2, p. 92: 1931. A history of entomology. MacMillan, New York. (Termites, pp. 41, 96-97.) 1942. College entomology. Macmillan, New York. (Termites, pp. 159-173, figs. 62-65.) 1948. Obituary. Light, Sol Felty (1886- 1947). Pan-Pacific Ent., vol. 24, No. 2, Pp. 50-53. Evans, J. W. 1952. The injurious insects of the British Commonwealth (except the British Isles, India and Pakistan) with a sec- tion on the control of weeds by insects, 242 pp. Commonwilth. Inst. Ent., Lon- don. (Pt. 3 incl. Isoptera, p. 68.) Evans, R., and Hasster, K. 1954. Pros and cons of EDB for termite control argued. Pest Control, vol. 22, No. 5, pp. 34, 36, 38, 40, illustr. May. Ewers, H. H. 1927. The ant people. (Translated by C. H. Levy.) Dodd, Mead and Co., New York. (Chap. 10, pp. 173-179, 1 pl., ants and termites; chap. 11, pp. 180-209, 1 pl., x text fig., living to- gether, thieving ants.) Exner, W. F. 1953. How fast can termites rebuild broken tubes? Pest Control, vol. 21, No. 4, Pp. 52, 5 figs. Oct. Eyes, F 1927. Ecological notes on the flora of Salis- bury Commonage. South African Journ. Sci., vol. 24, pp. 289-297, 1 pl. B., G. E. 1948. Review. “Our enemy the termite,” T. E. Snyder (rev. ed., 1948). Boston Traveler, p. 36. June 2. Fasrictius, J. C. 1775. Nahere Bestimmung des Geschlechts der weissen Ameise. Beschaft. Berlin Ges. Naturf. Freunde, vol. 1, pp. 177- 180. BIBLIOGRAPHY OF TERMITES: AUTHORS—SNYDER 189 Face, L. 1936. Une araignée termitophile