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SMITHSONIAN

MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS.

VOLUN.

“EVERY MAN IS A VALUABLE MEMBER OF SOCIETY WHO BY HIS OBSERVATIONS, RESEARCHES,
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1878.

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CONMTIENT S.

PAGE
Advertisement . : ; ' ; 3 7 4 ; A vl

ARTICLE I. (258.) Bretiocrapnicat Inprx or Norta AMERICAN
Borany; OR Cirarions oF AUTHORITIES FOR ALL THE
RECORDED InDIGENOUS AND NATURALIZED SPECIES OF
THE Frora or Norru AMERICA, WITH A CHRONOLOGI-
cAL ARRANGEMENT OF THE Synonymy. By SERENO
Watson. Part I. Potyperatm. 1878. Pp. 484.

ARTICLE II. (266.) Tuer Toner Lectures. Lecture I. On THE
STRUCTURE OF CANCEROUS TumoRS AND THE MODE IN
wHicH ADJACENT Parts ARE InvADED. By J. J.
Woopwarp, Assistant Surgeon U.S.A. 1873.
Pp. 44.

ARTICLE III. (291.) Tue Toner Lectures. Lecture II. Duan
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ARTICLE IV. (279.) Tue Toner Lectures. Lecture III. On
STRAIN AND OveR-ACTION OF THE Heart. By J. M.
Da Costa, M.D. 1874. Pp. 32.

ARTICLE V. (282.) Tae Toner Lectures. Lecture IV. A Stupy
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ARTICLE VI. (300.) Tur Toner Lectures. Lecture V. ON THE
SuRGICAL COMPLICATIONS AND SEQUELS OF THE Con-
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DSiiicn Dende

ARTICLE VII. (302.) THe Toner Lectures. Lecture VI. Sus-
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Extension 1N Practice. By Wiuuiam ApAms, M.D.,
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ARTICLE VIII. (309.) List or ForEiGN CoRRESPONDFNTS OF THE
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ARTICLE XI. (320.) CrrcunaR RELATING To COLLECTIONS oF LiviNG
Reprites. 1878. Pp. 2.

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on

ms t , } i
‘ aii 8 aE ey ‘ .y i i Sl apt
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Mi apace, Ini at
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' 4 i ‘eytayilual
' s {

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i a 7

SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS.

258

BIBLIOGRAPHICAL INDEX

TO

NORTH AMERICAN BOTANY;

OR

CITATIONS OF AUTHORITIES FOR ALL THE RECORDED
INDIGENOUS AND NATURALIZED SPECIES OF
THE FLORA OF NORTH AMERICA,

WITH

\
A CHRONOLOGICAL ARRANGEMENT OF THE SYNONYMY.
By SERENO WATSON.

PART If.

POLY PE Ads As.

WASHINGTON:
PUBLISHED BY THE SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION,
Marcu, 1878.

ADVERTISEMENT.

Tuts work is intended to facilitate the labors of botanists by
furnishing references to all the published descriptions of species of
the flora of North America, with a chronological arrangement of the
synonymy, and is published by the Smithsonian Institution at the
request of the leading botanists of the United States, who have also
contributed to the expense of its preparation.

The first part of the work is now published, as this covers the
ground of Vol. I. of Torrey & Gray’s Flora of North America, and
is complete in itself: the remainder will be printed as soon as the
manuscript can be furnished by the author.

JOSEPH HENRY,

Secretary Smithsonian Institution.
Wasuineton, March, 1878.

‘
.

PREFACE.

Tue following contribution towards a history of the known
species of North American plants needs little of introduction or
explanation, and nothing of excuse. With the purpose of giving a
clew to whatever may have been published respecting each species,
all the accessible works touching upon the systematic botany of
this country, since the adoption of the Linnean system of nomen-
clature, have been consulted, including those in the library of the
Cambridge Herbarium and the general library of Harvard Univer-
sity, the Public Library of Boston, the library of the Massachusetts
Horticultural Society, and others of less importance, and to some
extent also the Congressional Library at Washington. Citations at
second hand have been only sparingly used.

The territory embraced includes Greenland and the Arctic Coast
upon the north, and the borders of Mexico closely adjacent to the
United States on the south, the habitat in the latter case being
always indicated. For the flora of the region to the west of the
Mississippi and northward, the citation of authorities is intended to
be full and complete. The same may be said (with some unimpor-
tant exceptions) for the Atlantic States prior to 1840, the date of
the conclusion of the first velume of Torrey & Gray’s Flora of
North America. For the subsequent period, the publications of
Torrey, Gray, and Chapman have been deemed sufficient in most
cases. Others are referred to whenever there is special reason for
so doing.

The matter of synonymy has been often a difficult one, in the
disagreement of authorities and the frequent uncertainty as to the
degree of reliance to be placed upon recorded determinations. For!
this reason, continual reference has been had to the plants them-
selves; and the collections in the Harvard University Herbarium,
which include in most cases authentic and typical specimens, have
been carefully collated under most of the genera for the purpose
of confirming the validity of species and the correctness of their
synonymy. For species which are also indigenous in other coun-

v1 PREFACE.

tries, authorities are cited and synonymy is given as far as they
relate to the American habitat, with only partial and general refer-
ences to foreign botany.

It is intended to give with the final volume a full bibliography,
not only of the works and articles here cited, but of all others relat-
ing to the North American flora. The abbreviations of titles that
are here used, though necessarily concise, will usually suffice for the
ready identification of the works cited, without the aid which such
bibliography would give. In some instances, however, authors of
single works of frequent recurrence are referred to by name only, as
Walter (Flora Caroliniana), Persoon (Synopsis Plantarum), Elliott
(Sketch of the Botany of South Carolina), Chapman (Flora of the
Southern States), etc. In case of several editions of the same work,
the first edition is the one cited unless it is otherwise specified,
excepting the common manuals of the Eastern flora, of which the
later editions have been used (Eaton & Wright, North American
Botany, 1841, which is the eighth edition of Amos Eaton’s Manual
of Botany; Wood, Class-Book, 1861; Gray, Manual, 5 ed. 1869).
The Genera Plantarum of Bentham & Hooker has been followed in
the sequence of the orders, while the genera and species are arranged
alphabetically for greater facility of reference. The authorities
under each specific name, as also the citations from each author,
are arranged in chronological order. Citations of plates or figures
are made more prominent by the use of heavy-faced type; where
the reference is simply to a catalogue name or habitat, without
any note descriptive or otherwise important, the numerals are in
antique type. Introduced species have the specific name in small
capitals.

SERENO WATSON.

CAMBRIDGE, March 1, 1878.

TABLE OF CONTENTS.

FADVERTISEMENT! uc tua es ashi se Ea a Nea pak Neh <5, eA les
PRE ACED iba SOMME Tse, ore ret, ca Aenea er Weg hee, Tee. Ue tebe Mees Vv
LEME EET OM LOONTENTS® Marla cosy at aha Se NAA ae ieee alte na RnVLE
VANUNGUDACE AR Ma ss tell uss eR Graal een ec) sete, tae Ue ks me LOA:
DICEANEACHA Ne st) ohh. 220 9 SIMARUBE AS Ant wih le 156
CATNOANDHACHA T. Oi es i.) 028) |, BURSERACEA or. Ye Oe on 56
VEC NOU UACE Zin Cori Epi dal suits 20 gi SVL E DTA CH A ohn. el Jo lsp hie al gle boot On
PRNOMAGE Eigen list Mews pee.) egies Ol ODACINE A, =) 4. vos igo heea ey ot LOT
MEBNISPEEMACE Mpa. sorta deli cas . (O40 | LITOINE AG os ae ont. ways) ati be DE
IBERERRIDACH A." fist f. .ie oo |) CarastRAChm. SN) se. 161
INEM RUE ACH ark. Kole) he fee atten! MoO to REnAMN A Gm 25246 2 0 a 6B
SMRRACENIACK Alma ge felis aa lool | VeabDaGban | byabosdl sh hs kote eA. SLO
IRNPAVEBAGE A) os. cial s she 40) | SAPINDACE ADL. isc0 chb54'o) 0%. ele
NUANCE AYA) irs ay idles ch sets elt, 44 |) “ANACARDDLAGH AD, .. Yo) a) spo) eeu) >, LBL
GuncineR acs sae see oh) ae 4) ||) anGUMINOSAy, a. 4 tity oc. aa. L8o
GAPPARIDAGH AE ja sy he) 6. ROSACmane. “aaa Sear its S270
SEN EPAGE ACHE eee lis iceesi oC CLUIMO AIR RAGACE Ant.) ole] sea .n lone
ATMO Te UES sel ness viet it) bce (LO ORASSULAGBAt it) ws) i Sulyslpdiey Hit ax Ol”.
MIOnAGna ret mn a Amie Aerie Ol! le ROSHRACHrs “5. iow sou ach an ee OOS
(CANTEEN GIPAIC El, ct weave, nics 07 (OO dl IAMAMEDAGmE AD 4,5 1: ots oot
GUN eee ee oe Oo lt EEATORAGEAN 5. auvs ifouss. toler <0 OO
BOEMGATACH A Miah sac eM go) G9) |} (HHIZOPHORACHZA |) 40%. “AF #4 OOS
IRAN KOENTAGE AN cs G's osteo)! 93°) COMBRETACEAE Se. «ih “20. ' 8b8
DiRVORUMULACE EL) a). deals 6 O4: OMYRTACH ME 5.0%? cil cule tn so0S
ARONVOHIEA y7 0 «=.» Lif >| MELASTOMACEA. < 5... . . 909
Rogues Crammer rs) si. L1G. || lbyYTHRACEAD yo. 9s. 3 «2 2 % 3800
UMAR TE GUNG Temes) ere Ol |W ONAGRACEc) )6 Je6 cre) lene ie OL
SPAIN oe Wma hes ese 2D MIUOUSACGRIAN | se cy Git) (fs eae: fe OOO
EGVPERTOACH me mma c me inom. 274 COl2On MU RNE RAGE AS. touche) ns 6 ca ale od
(CUMOn an ne en mee O10) Mi) DACSTNTORACE A. Geers Wys« = eis tooe
IRERNSDRGMIACEA!. <= « « « -Lo GuGUREILAGH (+ ey) ta onnen age
MIVACE AG! st « sa eee ile IDADISCACH AS 544 -sagel on) 6 OmeeOUG
SMEROMELACH ATM <2) « a) re a4 CACTACE As) Vc) 20 Mo As “aon ooo
rE td; cs) a See aeelA DM ACOLDIaaG: 5.2 pel ark oh ey AO
ENGR N eee en ce ee. co OW RUMBEDDINER AY fs B50, Toe a Al
MAG PIGUACE Aly ity ciate: «ha hlAGh Attar TAGE EY ie ane s, Col wae) 40
FRECORMVGUAGHAIW <0) shal ie- >)... 148 SCORNAGH As. forcast we) te. 40
GpRANTACH A. ots) 8 nce) 149

AGcinGuseandmGorrections. pas) a a eee Rene. © ol usd 1440

Table of Orders with the Number of their Genera and Species, ete. . . 468
Alphabetical. Index to Orders and Genera. . . «. » «© 2» «© © « « © 471

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INDEX

TO

NORTH AMERICAN BOTANY.

RANUNCULACEL.

ACONITUM Fischeri. Reich. Ill. Acon. t. 22. Don, Mill. 1.58. Regel, Consp.
Acon. in Ind. Sem. Petr. 1861, 41 (Ann. Sci. Nat. 4. 16. 150); Fl. Ost-Sib. 1.
98,t.3. Brew. & Wats. Bot. Calif. 1. 12.

A. Lubarskyi. Reich. 1. c. t. 20 (f. Regel).

A. maximum. DC. Prodr. 1. 61, not Reich. (f. Regel).

A. Napellus, Thunb. Fl. Jap., and A, Chinense, Sieb. & Zuce., f. Miquel, Ann.
Mus. Bot. Lugd.-Bat. 3. 8.

A. nasutum. Hook. FI. Bor.-Am. 1. 26, not Fisch. Don, Mill. 1. 61. Torr. &
Gray, Fl. 1. 34. Walp. Rep. 1. 58. Gray, Am. Jour. Sci. 2. 33. 249; Proc. Acad.
Philad. 1863, 57. Anderson, Cat. Fl. Nev. 117. Watson, King’s Rep. 5. 12. Por-
ter, Hayden’s Rep. 1871, 477; Fl. Colorado, 5. Coulter, Hayd. Rep. 1872, 759.
Torr. Bot. Wilkes’s Exped. 217.

A. Columbianum. Nutt. in Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 84. Walp. Rep. 1. 58. Dietr.
Syn. 3. 285. Cooper, Pac. R. Rep. 12. 61.

A. Kamtschaticum. Willd. in herb., f. Reich. Ill. Acon. t.15 and 16. Schlecht.
in Linnea, 6. 582. lLedeb. Fl. Ross. 1. 69. Regel, Ind. Sem. Petr. 1861, 44
(Ann. Sci. Nat. 4. 16. 149); Fl. Ost-Sib. 1. 96 & 117, t. 3.

A. maximum. Reich. 1. c. t. 17. Schlecht. in Linn. 6. 582. Ledeb. Fl. Ross.
1. 69.
A. Napellus, Linn. See syn. in DC. Prodr. 1. 62; Hook. f. & Thomp. Fl. Ind. itis
57. — Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am. 1. 26. Seemann, Bot. Herald, 50. Hook. f., Distr. Arct.
Pi. in Proc. Linn. Soc. 1860, 284. Regel, Ind. Sem. Petr. 1861, 45 (Ann. Sci. Nat.
4. 16. 150); Fl. Ost-Sib. 1. 101. Baillon, Hist. Pl. 1. 26, fig. 43-47.

Var. delphinifolium. Seringe, Monog. 159; DC. Prodr. 1. 63. Hook. Fl. Bor.-
Am. 1. 26. Bongard, Veg. Sitch. 124. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 84 Hook. & Arn.
Bot. Beechey, 121. Seem. Bot. Herald, 23. Newberry, Pac. R. Rep. 6. 65.
Regel, ll. ec. 46 (152) & 110. Rothrock, Fl. Alaska, 442.

Lo

RANUNCULACES. [Aconitum. Actzea.

A. delphinifolium. DC. Syst. 1. 880. Reich. Monog. 79, t. 9; Til. Acon. t. 42
(Spreng. Neue Entdeck. 3. 286). Spreng. Syst. 2.622. Schlecht. in Linn. 6. 582.
Don, Mill. 1. 58. Dietr. Syn. 3. 284. Ledeb. Fl. Ross. 1.70. Lawson, Monog.
Ranune. Can. 49. Anderson, Cat. Fl. Nev. 117.

A. semigaleatum, paradoxum, Chamissonianum, and obscurum. Reich. Monog. t. 8
& 10; Ill. Acon. t.41 & 43 (Spreng. 1 c.). Spreng. Syst. 2. 622. Schlecht. in
Linn. 6. 582. Don, Mill. 1. 58.

, A.reclinatum. Gray, Am. Jour. Sci.1. 42. 34 (Lond. Jour. Bot. 2. 118) ; Manual,
46. Turez. Bull. Soc. Mose. 272. 278. Chapman, Flora, 10.

A. uncinatum. Linn. Spec. 2 ed. 750. Hill, Veg. Syst. 24, t. 20, fig. 2. Lam.
Dict. 1. 84. Ait. Hort. Kew. 2. 246. Willd. Spec. 2. 1288. Michx. Fl. 1. 315. Sims,
Bot. Mag. t. 1119. Pursh, 372. Seringe, Monog. 146, t.15. DC. Syst. 1. 379;
Prodr. 1. 60. Elliott, 2. 20. Reich. Ill. Acon. t. 35. Spreng. Syst. 2. 621. Don,
Mill. 1.61. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 34. Spach, Hist. Veg. 7. 368. Gray, Am. Jour.
Sci. 1. 42. 34 (Lond. Jour. Bot. 2. 118) ; Genera, 1. 44, t. 16; Manual, 46. Torrey,
Fl. N. York, 1. 21. Dietr. Syn. 3. 285. Regel, Ind. Sem. Petr. 1861, 43 (Ann.
Sci. Nat. 4. 16. 147) ; Fl. Ost-Sib. 1. 87. Chapman, 10.

A. volubile. Muhl. Cat. 2 ed. 54.

A. Japonicum. Thunb. Fl. Jap. 231. Reich. Ill. Acon. t. 36 (f. Regel).

ACTZA alba. Bigelow in Eaton’s Manual, 4 ed. 187; FI. Bost. 2 ed. 211.
Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am. 1. 27. Don, Mill. 1. 65. Fisch. & Mey. Ind. Sem. Petr. 1.
20 (Litt. Ber. zu Linn. 1835, 80; Ann. Sci. Nat. 2. 4. 333). Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 35.
Walp. Rep. 1. 60. Dietr. Syn. 8. 288. Torrey, Fl. N. Y. 1. 22; Pac. R. Rep. 4.
63. Parry, Pl. Minnesota, 609. Pl. Bourgeau, 254. Chapman,11. Gray, Manual,
47. Lawson, Ranune. Can. 51. Merriam, Torr. Bulletin, 3. 43.

A. spicata, var. alba, Linn. Spec. 504. Ait. Hort. Kew. 2. 221. Willd. Spee.
2.1139. Michx. Fl. 1. 308. Persoon, 2. 61. Wood, Bot. & Fl. 23.

A, spicata, var. 8,in part. Lam. Dict. 1. 38.

A. Americana, var.a. Pursh, 866. Torrey, Compend. 217.

A. brachypetala, var.a. DC. Syst. 1. 885; Prodr. 1. 65. Baillon, Hist. Pl. 1.
60, f. 104.

A. pachypoda. Elliott, Sketch, 2.15. Spach, Hist. Veg. 7. 888.

A. spicata. Linn. Spec. 504. See DC. Syst. 1. 885; Ledeb. Fl. Ross. 1. 71; Hook.
f. & Thomp. Fl. Ind. 1. 59; Baillon, Hist. Pl. 61, f. 104-109.

Var. rubra. Ait. Hort. Kew. 2. 221. Willd. Spec. 2. 1189. Michx. Fl. 1. 308.
Poir. Suppl. 5. 584. Newberry, Pac. R. Rep. 6.66. Wood, Bot. & Fl. 23. Gray,
Proc. Am. Acad. 8. 375. Merriam, Torr. Bull. 3. 48.

A, spicata, var. B,in part. Lam. Dict. 1. 88.

A. rubra. Willd. Enum. 561. Bigel. Fl. Bost. 2 ed. 211. Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am.
. 28; Lond. Jour. Bot. 6. 68. Don, Mill. 1. 65. Fisch. & Mey. Ind. Sem. Petr.
. 20 (& ll. ce.). Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 85. Walp. Rep. 1.60. Torr. Fl. N. Y. 1.
1; Nicollet’s Rep. 144; Fremont’s Rep. 87; Pac. R. Rep. 4. 63. Gray, Genera,
1.:50, t. 19; Pl. Fendl. 5; Pac. R. Rep. 12. 40; Manual, 47. Parry, Fl.
Minn. 609. Seem. Bot. Herald, 50. Pl. Bourgeau, 254. Lawson, Ranune.
Canad. 50.

A. Americana, var. 3. Pursh, 866. Torrey, Compend. 217.

A. brachypetala, var. B. DC. Syst. 1. 885; Prodr. 1. 65. Richards. in Frankl.
Journ. 12. Spreng. Syst. 2. 571.

A, longipes. Spach, Hist. Veg. 7. 388.

1
1
2

Actzea. Anemone.] RANUNCULACEZ. 3

Var. arguta. Torrey, Pac. R. Rep. 4. 63; Bot. Wilkes, 217. Bolander, Cata-
logue, 4. Anderson, Cat. Fl. Nev. 117.. Watson, King’s Rep. 5. 12. Porter, Hayd.
Rep. 1871, 477; Fl. Col. 5. Coulter, Hayd. Rep. 1872, 759. Referred to var.
rubra, by Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 8. 375. Brew. & Wats. Bot. Calif. 1. 12.

A. arguta. Nutt. in Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1.35. Walp. Rep. 1. 60. Dietr. Syn.
3. 233., Cooper, Pac. R. Rep. 12. 55.

ADONIS avrumnatis, Linn. Hook. Fl. Bor-Am. 1.9. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 15.
. Gray, Manual, 48.
ANEMONE acutiloba. Lawson, Ranune. Canad. 380.

Hepatica triloba, var. acuta. Pursh, 391. Bigel. Fl. Bost. 2 ed. 222. Hook. Fl.
Bor.-Am. 1.18. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 15. Pritzel in Linn. 15. 690 (Walp. Rep. 1.
30). Torr. Fl. N. Y. 1. 10.

A. Hepatica, var. acuta. Bigel. Fl. Bost. 135.

H. acutiloba. DC. Prodr. 1. 22. Don, Mill. 1. 22. Lesqx. Fl. Ark. 346. Gray,
Genera, 1. 22, t. 5; Manual, 38. ‘Traill, Canad. Fl. 77, t.10. Hall, Torr. Bull.
eet
A. alpina, Linn. See DC. Syst. 1. 198; Pritzel in Linn. 15. 607 (Walp. Rep. 1.
19); Regel, Fl. Ost-Sib. 1. 82 (as Pulsatilla). — Hook. FI. Bor.-Am. 1. 5. Torr. &
Gray, Fl. 1.11. Hook. & Arn. Bot. Beechey, 120. Seem. Bot. Herald, 22. New-
berry, Pac. R. Rep. 6. 66. Hook. f., Arct. Pl. 283 & 811. Rothr. Fl. Alaska,
442.

Pulsatilla alpina. Regel, 1. ce. Lawson, Ranune. Canad. 238.

A. cylindrica. Gray, Ann. N. Y. Lye. 3. 221. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1.13. Pritzel
in Linn. 15. 607 (Walp. Rep. 1. 27). Dietr. Syn. 3. 333. Torrey, Fl. N. Y. 1. 8.
Gray, Pl. Fendl. 4; Manual, 37. Parry, Pl. Minn. 608. Lawson, Ranune. Canad.
25. Porter, Fl. Col. 2.

A. decapetala. Winn. Mant. 1. 79. Lam. Dict. 1. 167. Willd. Spec. 2. 1279.
Persoon, 2. 97. DC. Syst. 1. 200; Prodr. 1.19. St. Hil. Fl. Bras. 1.5. Spreng.
Syst. 2. 661. Don, Mill. 1. 18, f.6. Hook. & Arn. Bot. Beechey, 8, t. 1; Hook.
Bot. Mise. 3. 183. Walp. Rep. 1. 22. Dietr. Syn. 8. 332. Hook. f., Fl. Antare. 2.
223; Arct. Pl. 288. Gray, Ives’s Rep. 5. Watson, King’s Rep. 5. 5.

A. Caroliniana. Walt. Fl. Car. 157. Poir. Suppl. 1. 864. DC. Syst. 1. 201;
Prodr. 1.19. Spreng. Syst. 2.661. Don, Mill. 1. 18. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1.12;
Pac. R. Rep. 2. 159. Pritzel in Linn. 15. 627 (Walp. Rep. 1. 22). Dietr.
Syn. 3. 3832. Torrey, Nicollet’s Rep. 144; Marcy’s Rep. 280, t.1; Mex.
Bound. 29. Engelm. & Gray, Pl. Lindh. 8.. Gray, Pl. Wright, 2. 8; Proc. Acad.
Philad. 1862, 56; Manual, 87. Parry, Pl. Minn. 608. Chapman, 4. Porter, FI.
Col. 2.

A. trilobata. Juss. Ann. Mus. 8. 248, t. 21, fig. 3. Persoon, 2.97. Poir. Suppl.
1. 362.

A. tenella. Pursh, 886. Poir. Suppl. 5. 550. Nutt. Gen. 2.21. James, Cata-
logue, 183. Torrey, Ann. Lye. N. Y. 2. 163.

A. Berlandieri. Pritz. 1. c. 628 (Walp. Rep. 1. 22).

A. deltoidea. Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am. 1. 6, t. 3, fig. A. Don, Mill. 1.19. Torr. &
Gray, Fl. 1. 18. Pritzel in Linn. 15. 643 (Walp. Rep. 1. 24). Dietr. Syn. 3. 382.
Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 8. 372. Torr. Bot. Wilkes, 212. Brew. & Wats. l. ¢.

A. dichotoma. Linn. Amen. 1. 315. Linn. f., Pl. Rar. Dee. 2. 27, t.15. Gmel.

Fl. Sib. 4. 197. Lam. Dict. 1. 167. Willd. Spec. 2. 1280. Ait. f., Hort. Kew. 3.
339. Pursh, 387. DC. Syst. 1.210; Prodr. 1.21. Don, Mill. 1. 20. Spach, Hist.

4 RANUNCULACE. [Anemone.

Veg. 7. 248. Turcz. Fl. Baic. 1. 42. Maxim. Prim. Fl. Amur. 18. Lawson,
Ranune. Canad. 24.

A. Pennsylvanica. Winn. Mant. 2. 247. Ait. Hort. Kew. 2. 256. Willd. Spec. 2.
1280. Pursh, 387. DC. Syst. 1. 209; Prodr. 1. 21. Richards. in Frankl. Journ.
13. Torrey, Ann. Lyc. N. Y; 2:163; Nicol. Rep. 1445 7sBEN. AY. doe
Emory’s Rep. 406; Stans. Rep. 383. Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am. 1. 8, t. 3, fig..B.
Schlecht. in Linn. 6. 575. Don, Mill. 1. 20. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 14. Pritzel in
Linn. 15. 677 (Walp. Rep. 1. 28). Nees, Pl. Wied, 3. Dietr. Syn. 8. 883. Gray,
Genera, 1. 20, t. 4; Pac. R. Rep. 12. 40; Manual, 37. Parry, Pl. Minn. 608.
Maxim. Prim. Fl. Amur. 18. Durand, Fl. Utah, 158. Hook. f., Arct. Pl. 283.
Pl. Bourgeau, 254. Matthew, Canad. Nat. 12. 158. Porter, Hayd. Rep. 1870,

472; El. Col. 2

A. aticnsts Linn. Syst. 12 ed. 3. Appx. 231.

A, irreguaris. Lam. Dict. 1. 167.

A. aconitifolia. Michx. Fl. 1. 320. Persoon, 2.97. Poir. Suppl. 1. 363.

A. Hepatica, Linn.; Pritzel; Miquel; Benth. & Hook.; Baillon, &c. See syn. in
DC. Syst. 1. 216 (under Hepatica triloba) ; Pritz. in Linn. 15. 690 (Walp. Rep. 1. 30) ;
Ledeb. Fl. Ross. 1. 22. — Walt. Fl. Car. 157. Michx. Fl. 1. 319. Raf. Med. Bot. 1.
238, fig. 48. Bigel. Fl. Bost. 135. Lawson, Ranune. Canad. 29.

Hepatica triloba. Chaix, “ Vill. Dauph. 1. 386.” Pursh, 391. Nutt. Gen. 2
23. Elliott, 2. 55. Barton, Fl. N. Am. 3. 45, t. 87. Bong. Sitch. 123. Hook.
Fl. Bor.-Am. 1. 8. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1.15. Ledeb. Fl. Ross. 1. 22. Torrey, FI.
N. Y.1.10. Parry, Pl. Minn. 608. Chapman, 5. Gray, Manual, 38.

H. triloba, var. Americana. DC. Syst. 1. 216.

H. Americana. Ker, Bot. Reg. t. 387. DC. Prodr. 1. 22. Don, Mill. 1. 22.

A. heterophylla. Nutt.; Wood, Cl.-Book, 204; Bot. & Fl. 18. Young, I'l. Tex.
141.
A. Caroliniana, var. heterophylla. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 12.

A. multifida. Poir. Suppl. 1. oe DC. Syst. 1. 209; Prodr. 1.21. Deless. Icon.
Sel. 1.4, t.16. Spreng. Syst. 2.663. Hook. Fl. Bor-Am. 1.7. Don, Mill. 1. 20.
Pritz. in Linn. 15. 672 (Walp. Rep p. 1. 28). DietrSynsssede,, Lorn Bi Novels
9, t. 2; Bot. Wilkes, 212. Seem. Bot. Herald, 22 & 50. Gray, Ives’s Rep. 5; Am.
Jour. Sci. 2. 83. 249; Proc. Acad. Philad. 1868, 56; Manual, 37. Pl. Bourgeau,
254. Matthew, cand. Nat. 12. 158. Lawson, Ranunec. Canad. 24. Watson,
King’s Rep. 5. 5. Porter, Hayd. Rep. 1870, 472; 1871, 477; Fl.Col. 2. Coulter,
Hayd. Rep. 758. Brew. & Wats. Bot, Calif. 1. 4.

A. Commersoniana. DC. in Deless. Icon. 1. 4, t.17. Spreng. Syst. 2. 662. Don,
Mill. 1. 19.

A. Hudsoniana, Richards. in Frankl. Journ. 18. Spreng. Syst. 42. 220. Don,
Mill. 1. 20. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 13 & 658.

A. Baldensis, not Linn. Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am. 1.15. Don, Mill. 1. 18. Torr. &
Gray, Fl. 1. 12.

A, narcissiflora. Hook. & Arn. Bot. Beechey, 121.

A, lanigera. Gay, Fl. Chil. 1. 22. Walp. Ann. 1. 6.

A. narcissiflora, Linn. See DC. Syst. 1. 212; Pritz. in Linn. 15, 685 (Walp. Rep.
1. 30); Ledeb. Fl. Ross. 1. 18 & 728.— Pursh, 387. Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am. 1. 8.
Bong. Sitch. 123. Schlecht. in Linn. 6. 576. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 14. Regel
& Tilg. Fl. Ajan. 27. Hook. f., Arct. Pl. 288. Wood, Cl.-Book, 208. Gray,
Proc. Acad. Philad. 1863, 56. Rothr. Fl. Alask. 442. Lawson, Ranunc. Canad. 380.
Porter, Fl. Col. 2. Torr. Bot. Wilkes, 212.

Anemone.] RANUNCULACEZ. 5

A.nemorosa, Linn. See DC. Syst. 1. 203; Pritz. in Linn. 15..650 (Walp. Rep. 1.
25); Ledeb. Fl. Ross. 1. 15.— Michx. Fl. 1. 819. Pursh, 887. Elliott, 2. 53. Bigel.
Fl. Bost. 2 ed. 222. DC. Prodr.1. 20. Spreng. Syst. 2. 661. Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am.
1. 6; Lond. Jour. Bot. 6. 66. Don, Mill. 1.19. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1.12. Pritzel, 1. c.
orn) Bly Nw Yo 1 (3 Pac. Ro Rep, 4. 61; Bot. Wilkes, 2125 Parry; Pl. Minn.
608. Maxim. Fl. Amur. 17. Hook. f., Arct. Pl. 283. Pl. Bourgeau, 254. Gray,
Manual, 88. Lawson, Ranune. Canad. 27. ‘Traill, Canad. Fl. 81, t. 10. Boland.
Cat. 3. Brew. & Wats. Bot. Calif. 1. 4.

A. quinquefolia. Linn. Spec. 541. Lam. Dict. 1.168. Willd. Spec. 2.1281. Per-
soon, 1.97. Barton, Fl. Phil. 2. 20; Fl. N. Am. 2. 7, t. 39.

A. pedata. Raf. Jour. Bot. 1. 2380. Poir. Suppl. 5. 550. DC. Syst. 1. 214;
Prodr. 1. 22. Don, Mill. 1.21. Walp. Rep. 1. 31. Dietr. Syn. 38. 835.

A. lancifolia. Pursh, 387. DC. Syst. 1. 205; Prodr. 1. 20. Torr. Compend. 223.
Don, Mill. 1. 19. -

2A. minima. DC. Syst. 1. 206; Prodr. 1. 20.

Var. (=A. trifolia, Linn.) Gray, Amer. Nat. 7. 422.

A. parviflora. Michx. Fl. 1. 319. DC. Syst. 1. 200; Prodr. 1.19. Richards. in
Frankl. Journ.12. Spreng. Syst. 2. 661. Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am. 1. 5. Meyer, Pl. Labr.
95. Don, Mill. 1. 88. Cham. in Linn. 6. 574. Hook. & Arn. Bot. Beechey, 121.
Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1.12. Pritz. in Linn. 15. 632 (Walp. Rep. 1. 23). Ledeb. Fl.
Ross. 1. 16. Dietr. Syn. 38.332. Seem. Bot. Herald, 22. Hook. f., Jour. Linn.
Soc. 1. 124; Arct. Pl. 283. Pl. Bourgeau, 254. Rothr. Fl. Alask. 442. Gray,
Manual, 68. Lawson, Ranune. Canad. 28. Porter, Fl. Col. 2.

A. cuneifolia. Juss. Ann. Mus. 8. 248, t. 21, fig. 1. Persoon, 2. 97. Pursh,
386.

A. borealis. Richards. in Frankl. Journ. 12. Meyer, Pl. Labr. 95.

A, sylvestris, B alba minor. Schrank, Pl. Lab. 28.

A. patens. Linn. Spec. 538. See syn. in DC. Syst. 1.191; Pritz. in Linn. 15. 579
(Walp. Rep. 1. 16); Ledeb. Fl. Ross. 1. 19 & 729; Regel, Fl. Ost-Sib. 1. 20.— Hook.
Fl. Bor.-Am. 1.4. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 11. Torrey, Nicollet’s Rep. 144. Gray,
Manual, 1 ed. 5. Hook. f., Arct. Pl. 283. Pl. Bourgeau, 254. Rothr. Fl. Alask.
442.

Var. Nuttalliana. Gray, Manual, 36. Porter, Hayd. Rep. 1870, 472; Fl. Col. 2.

Clematis hirsutissima. Pursh, 385. Poir. Suppl. 6. 623. DC. Syst. 1. 155.

A. Ludoviciana. Nutt. Gen. 2. 20. James, Catalogue, 188. Torr. Ann. Lye.
Nelo:

A. Nuttalliana. DC. Syst. 1.193; Prodr. 1. 17. Richards. in Frankl. Journ.
12. Nutt. in Jour. Acad. Philad. 5, 158, t.8; Pl. Wyeth, in same, 7. 7. Don, Mill.
1. 16. Dietr. Syn. 8. 381.

Pulsatilla Nuttalliana. Spreng. Syst. 2. 668. Gray, Manual, 2ed.4; Am. Jour.
Sci. 2. 33. 410; Proc. Acad. Philad. 1863, 56.

A. flavescens. Zuce. in Regensb. Zeit. 1. 871. Pritz. in Linn. 15. 585 (Walp.
Rep. 1. 16).

Pulsatilla patens, var. (Wolfyangiana). edeb. 1. c. Turez. Fl. Baic. 1. 36.
Trautv. & Mey. Fl. Och. 7. Regel, 1. e.

Pulsatilla patens. Gray, Genera, 1. 18, t. 3; Pl. Fendl. 4; Pac. R. Rep. 12. 40.
Parry, Pl. Minn. 608. Lawson, Ranunc. Canad. 22.

A. Richardsoni. Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am. 1.6, t. 4, fig. A. Don, Mill. 1. 19. Schlecht.
in Linn. 6. 575. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1.13. Ledeb. Fl. Ross. 1.16. Pritz. in Linn.
15. 644 (Walp. Rep. 1. 24). Dietr. Syn. 8. 833. Seem. Bot. Herald, 22. Lange,

6 RANUNCULACE. [Anemone. Aquilegia.

Pl. Gronl. 128. Hook. f., Jour. Linn. Soc. 1.120 & 124; Arct. Pl. 288 & 311. Regel
& Til. Fl. Ajan. 27. Rothr. Fl. Alask. 442. Lawson, Ranune. Canad. 29.

A. ranunculoides, var. Richards. in Frankl. Journ. 12.

A. Vahlii. WHornem. FI. Dan. 18, t. 2176.
A. Virginiana. Linn. Spec. 540. Lam. Dict. 1.167. Walt. Fl. Car. 157. Gert.
Fruct. 1. 357, t.' 74 Ait. Hort. Kew. 2. 256. Willd. Spec. 2. 1279. Michx. Fl. 1.
320. Persoon, 2. 97. Schult. Obs. Bot. 102. Pursh, 388. DC. Syst. 1. 208;
Prodr. 1. 21. James, Long’s Exped. 1. 63. Spreng. Syst. 2. 662. Hook. Fl. Bor.-
Am. 1. 7, t. 4, fig. B; Jour. Bot. 1.187. Don, Mill. 1.20. Torr. & Gray, FI. 1. 13.
Spach, Hist. Veg. 7. 247. Pritz. in Linn. 15. 671 (Walp. Rep. 1. 28). Dietr. Syn.
8. 388. Torr. Fl. N. Y. 1.8. Lesqx. Fl. Arkansas, 346. Parry, Pl. Minn. 608.
Chapman, 5. Pl Bourgeau, 254. Baillon, Hist. Pl. 1. 46, fig. 81, 82. Gray,
Manual, 87. Lawson, Ranunc. Canad. 25.

A. hirsuta. Moench, Meth. 105.

A. Walteri. Pursh, 387. Poir. Suppl. 5. 550. DC. Syst. 1. 214; Prodr. 1. 22.
Elliott, 2. 54. Don, Mill. 1. 21. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1.14. Pritz. in Linn. 15. 697
9 99

(Walp. Rep. 1.31). Dietr. Syn. 8. 885. Very doubtful species.
Thalictrum Carolinianum. Walt. Fl. Car. 157. Spreng. Syst. 2. 674.

CROSS-REFERENCES.

A. aconitifolia ; dichotoma. A. lanigera; multifida.
Baldensis ; roultifida. Ludoviciana ; patens.
Berlandieri ; decapetala. minima ; nemorosa.
borealis ; parviflora. narcissiflora ; multifida.
Canadensis ; dichotoma. Nuttalliana ; patens.
Caroliniana; decapetala, hetero- pedata ; nemorosa.

phyla. Pennsylvanica; dichotoma.
Commersoniana ; multifida. quinquefolia ; nemorosa.
cuneifolia ; parviflora. ranunculoides ; Richardsoni.
Jlavescens ; patens. sylvestris ; parviflora.
Granlandica ; Coptis trifolia. tenella; decapetala.
hirsuta ; Virginiana. thalictroides; Thalictrum anemo-
Fludsoniana ; multifida. noides.
irregularis ; dichotoma trilobata ; decapetala.
lancifolia ; nemorosa. ; Vahlii; Richardsoni.

AQUILEGIA brevistyla. Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am. 1. 24. Don, Mill. 1. 49. Torr.
& Gray, Fl. 1. 80. Walp. Rep. 1.51. Dietr. Syn. 8. 290. Seem. Bot. Herald, 50.
Hook. f., Arct. Pl. 284 & 318. Pl. Bourgeau, 254. Lawson, Ranunc. Canad. 47.
A. vulgaris? Richards. in Frankl. Journ. 12.
A. vulgaris, var. brevistyla. Gray, Am. Jour. Sci. 2. 33. 410; Proc. Acad. Philad.
1863, 57. Porter, Fl. Col. 4.

A. czrulea. James, Long’s Exped. 2. 845. Torr. Ann. Lyc. N. Y. 2. 164; Fre-
mont’s Rep. 87. Don, Mill. 1. 49. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 80. Hook. & Arn. Bot.
Beechey, 317, t.72. Walp. Rep. 1.51. Dietr. Syn. 8. 290. Gray, Am. Jour. Sci.
2. 33. 410; Proc. Acad. Philad. 1868, 57. Hook. f., Bot. Mag. t. 5477. Moore, Fl.
Mag. t. 254. Wood, Bot. & Fl. 22. Watson, King’s Rep. 5. 16. Porter, Hayd.
Rep. 1870, 472; 1871, 477; Fl. Col. 4. Coulter, Hayd. Rep. 1872, 759.

A, leptocera, Nutt. in Jour. Acad. Philad. 7.9. Hook. Bot. Mag. t. 4407.

A. Canadensis. Linn. Spec. 533. Hill, Veg. Syst. 24, t. 23, fig. 2. Lam. Dict.

Aquilegia. Caltha.] RANUNCULACE. i

1. 150. Amer. Gewachs. t. 184. Walt. Fl. Car. 156. Ait. Hort. Kew. 2. 248.
Sims, Bot. Mag. t. 246. Willd. Spec. 2. 1247. Michx. Fl. 1. 316. Schkuhr,
Handb. t.146. Pursh, 872. DC. Syst. 1. 387; Prodr. 1. 50. Barton, Fl. N. Am.
1. 130, t. 36. Elliott, 2. 20. Lodd. Bot. Cab. t. 888. Spreng. Syst. 2. 680.
Maund, Bot. Gard. 7, t. 322. Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am. 1. 24, in part. Don, Mill. 1. 49.
‘Audubon, Birds, 3, t 155, Torr & Gray, El. 1. 29; Pac. Ro Rep. 2. 119.
Spach, Hist. Veg. 7. 335. Walp. Rep. 1. 51. Dietr. Syn. 3. 290. Torr. Fl.
N. Y. 1. 20; Nicoll. Rep. 144. Nees, Pl. Wied, 3. Gray, Genera, 1. 40, t. 14; Pl.
Fendl. 4; Struct. Bot. 880, fig. 646-650 ; Pac. R. Rep. 12. 40; Manual, 45. C. A.
Meyer in Sert. Petrop. under t. 11. Parry, Pl. Minn. 609. Hook. f. & Thomp. FI.
Ind. 1. 44. Newberry, Pac. R. Rep. 6. 65. Lesqx. Fl. Ark. 346. Chapman, 9.
Hook. f., Arct. Pl. 284&8138. Pl. Bourgeau, 254. Regel, Ind. Sem. Petr. 1866, 100.
Lawson, Ranunc. Canad. 46. Verlot, Pl. Alp. 308, t. 46. Porter, Fl. Col. 4.

A. variegata. Moench, Meth. 3811.

A. elegans. Salisb. Prodr. 374.

A, flavijlora. Tenney, Am. Naturalist, 1. 388.

A. chrysantha. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 8.621. Thurber, Am. Agriculturist,
Sept. 1878, with fig. Masters, Gard. Chron. 1873, 1835 & 1501, fig. 304. Floral
Mag. 18738, t. 88. Porter, Fl. Col. 4.

A, leptocera, var. flava. .Gray, Pl. Wright, 2.9; Pl. Thurb. 301. Torrey, Mex.
Bound. 30.

A. leptoceras, var. chrysantha. Hook. f., Bot. Mag. t. 6073.

A. flavescens. Watson, King’s Rep. 5.10. Gray, Am. Jour. Sei. 3. 3.149. Por-
ter, Hayd. Rep. 1871, 477. Coulter, same, 1872, 759.
A. Canadensis, var. aurea. Regel, Gart. Fl. 1872, 246 & 258, t. 734.

A. formosa. Fisch. in DC. Prodr. 1. 50. Spreng. Syst. 2. 680. Don, Mill. 1. 49.
Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 80. Ledeb. Fl. Ross. 1. 56. Dietr. Syn. 3. 290. C. A. Meyer
in Sert. Petrop. under t. 11. Durand, Pl. Pratten. 80. Walp. Ann. 4. 26. Planch.
Fl. des Serres, 8. 125, t. 795. MRothr. Fl. Alask. 442. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 7.
828 & 8. 375. Brew. & Wats. Bot. Calif. 1. 10.

A. Canadensis. Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am. 1. 24, in part. Bong. Sitch. 124.

A. arctica. Loud. Hort. Brit. 610.

A. Canadensis, var. Torrey, Pac. R. Rep. 462; Mex. Bound. 30.

A. Canadensis, var. formosa. Cooper, Pac. R. Rep. 12. 55. Watson, King’s
Rep. 5.10. Torrey, Bot. Wilkes, 216.

A. Jonesii. Parry, Am. Naturalist, 8. 211.

A. truncata. Fisch. & Mey. Ind. Sem. Petr. 1843, Suppl. 8 (Linn. 18. 206; Walp.
Rep. 5. 6). C. A. Mey. in Sert. Petr., t.11. Brew. & Wats. 1. c.

A. Canadensis. Benth. Pl. Hartw. 296.

A. Californica. Lindl. in Gard. Chron. 1854, 836, & 1857, 882. Gray, Proce.
Am. Acad. 7. 828. Anderson, Cat. Fl. Nev. 117. Boland. Cat. 3.

A. eximia. Van Houtte, Fl. des Serres, 12. 18, t. 1188 (Walp. Ann. 7. 30).
Morren, Belg. Hort. 7, t. 52, fig. 2.

A. Canadensis, var. longistyla. Regel, Ind. Sem. Petr. 1866, 101.

CALTHA leptosepala. DC. Syst. 1.310; Prodr. 1. 45. Jamies, Long’s Exp. 2.
215. Spreng. Syst. 2. 660. Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am. 1. 22, t. 10. Don, Mill. 1. 44.
Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1.27. Ledeb. Fl. Ross. 1. 49. Dietr. Syn. 3. 335. Gray, PI.
Fendl. 4; Am. Jour. Sci. 2. 83. 409; Proc. Acad. Philad. 1863, 57; Proc. Am. Acad.
8. 375. Rothr. Fl. Alask. 442. Watson, King’s Rep. 5. 10. Porter, Hayd. Rep.
1871, 477; Fl. Col. 4. Coulter, Hayd. Rep. 1872, 759. Brew. & Wats. 1. ¢. 9.

8 RANUNCULACE. [Caltha. Cimicifuga.

4
C. sagittata. Torr. in Ann. Lye. N. Y. 2. 164, excl. syn.

C. natans. Pall. Itin. 3. 248. Gmel. Fl. Sib. 4. 192, t. 82. Forst. Trans.
Linn. Soe. 8. 324. Willd. Spec. 2. 1839. Pursh, 390. DC. Syst. 1.31; Prodr.
1.45. Richards. in Frankl. Journ. 14. Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am. 1. 22. Don, Mill. 1.
44, Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1.27. Ledeb. Fl. Ross. 1. 49. Dietr. Syn. 3. 385. Regel,
Fl. Ost-Sib. 1.52. Lawson, Ranunc. Canad. 45. Referred to C. palustris by Hook.
f. in Arct. Pl. 288 & 312.

C. palustris, Linn. Sce syn. in DC. Syst. 1. 808; Ledeb. Fl. Ross. 1. 48 & 734;
Hook. f. & Thomp. Fl. Ind. 1. 40; Regel, Fl. Ost-Sib. 1. 52.— Michx. Fl. 1.
$24. Pursh, 890. Richards. in Frankl. Journ. 14. Hook. FI. Bor.-Am. 1. 22.
Don, Mill. 1. 48. Schlecht. in Linn. 6. 580. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1.26. Torr. FI.
N. Y.1.17. Gray, Genera, 1. 32, t.10; Manual, 44. Parry, Pl. Minn. 609. Seem.
Bot. Herald, 50. Lesqx. Fl. Ark. 346. - Hook. f., Arct. Pl. 288 & 312. PI.
Bourgeau, 254. Baillon, Hist. Pl. 1. 23, fig. 39-42. Lawson, Ranunc. Canad. 44.

C. arctica. RR. Brown in Parr. Ist Voy. Appx. 265 (Beil. zu Flora, 7?. 70).
Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am. 1. 22. Don, Mill. 1. 44. Torr. & Gray, FI. 1. 27. Walp. Rep.
1.47. Dietr. Syn. 3. 385. Seem. Bot. Herald, 50. Hook. f. in Jour. Linn. Soe. 1.
120 & 124. Rothr. Fl. Alask. 442.

Var. Sibirica. Regel, Fl. Ost-Sib. 1. 52.

Ranunculus Ficaria. Walt. Fl. Car. 159.

C. ficarioides. Pursh, 389. DC. Syst. 1.310. Elliott, 2. 66.

C. parnassifolia. Raf. Med. Rep. 5. 861; Jour. Bot. 1. 229. Nutt. Genera, 2.
22. DC. Prodr. I. 45. Spreng. Syst. 2. 660. Torrey, Compend. 224. Don, Mill.
1. 44.

C. flabellifolia. Pursh, 390, t. 17. DC. Syst. 1. 810; Prodr. 1. 45. Spreng.
Syst. 2.659. Torrey, Compend. 224. Don, Mill. 1. 44,

C. dentata. Muhl. Cat. 2 ed. 56.

C’. integerrima. Pursh, 390. DC. Syst. 1. 809; Prodr.1.45. Spreng. Syst. 2. 659.
Torrey, Compend. 224. Don, Mill. 1. 44.

C. asarifolia. DC. Syst. 1. 809; Prodr. 1. 45. Spreng. Syst. 2. 659. Hook.
Fl. Bor.-Am. 1. 22. Don, Mill. 1.44. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 27. Dietr. Syn. 8. 385.

C. palustris, var. parnassifolia. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 26. Chapman, 9.

vars. flabellifolia and integerrima. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 26.
var. asarifolia. Rothr. Fl. Alask. 442.
Var. minima. Regel, Fl. Ost-Sib. 1. 52.

C. biflora. DC. Syst. 1. 810; Prodr. 1. 45. Spreng. Syst. 2. 660. Hook. Fl.

Bor.-Am. 1. 22. Don, Mill. 1. 44. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 27. Dietr. Syn. 8. 836.
Torrey, Bot. Wilkes, 215.
CIMICIFUGA Americana. Michx. Fl. 1. 316. Poir. Suppl. 2. 261. Spreng.
Syst. 2.628. Don, Mill. 1. 64. Fisch. & Mey. Ind. Sem. Petr. 1. 21 (Litterb. zu Linn.
10. 82; Ann. Sci. Nat. 2. 4. 884). Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 86. Spach, Hist. Veg. 7.
891. Dietr. Syn. 3. 289. Gray, Genera, 1. 52, t. 30, fig. 14-19; Manual, 48.
Chapman, 12.

Acteaa podocarpa. DC. Syst. 1. 882; Prodr. 1. 64. Deless. Icon. Sel. 1,
t. 66.

C. podocarpa. Elliott, 2. 16.

C. cordifolia. Pursh, 373. Sims, Bot. Mag. t. 2069. Elliott, 2. 17, excl. syn.
Spreng. Syst. 2. 628. Don, Mill. 1. 64. Fisch. & Mey. Il. ce. Torr. & Gray, 1. 36.
Walp. Rep. 1. 60. Gray, Am. Jour. Sci. 1. 42. 47 (Lond. Jour. Bot. 3. 240).
Dietr. Syn. 3. 289. .Chapman, 12. Wood, Cl.-Book, 211; Bot. & Fl. 28.

Cimicifuga. Clematis.] RANUNCULACE. 9

C. Americana. Mubhl. Cat. 2 ed. 54.
Acta cordifolia. DC. Syst. 1. 883; Prodr. 1. 64.

C. elata. Nutt. in Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1.36. Walp. Rep. 1.61. Dietr. Syn. 3. 289.
Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 8. 375.

C. fetida. Pursh, 873?

Acta cimicifuga. Hook. FI. Bor.-Am. 1. 27.
C. racemosa. Nutt. Genera, 2.15. Bart. Fl. Phil. 2.12. Elliott, 2.16. Torr. &
Gray, Fl. 1. 86. Dietr. Syn. 3. 289. Torr. Fl. N. Y. 1. 22, t. 4 Gray, Genera, 1.
51, t. 20; Manual, 48. Lesqx. Fl. Ark. 347. Chapman, 11. Lawson, Ranune.
Canad. 50.

Actea racemosa. Linn. Spec. 504; Ameen. 7. 193, t.4. Hill, Veg. Syst. 11. 31,
t. 12, fig. 2. Lam. Dict. 1. 38. Ait. Hort. Kew. 2. 221. Willd. Spec. 2. 1189.
Michx. Fl. 1. 308. DC. Syst. 1. 384; Prodr. 1.64. Lam. Ill. 315, t. 448, fig. 2.
Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am. 1. 27. Regel, Gart. Fl. 18. 200, fig. 443. Baillon, Hist. Pl. 1.
60, fig. 103.

Actcea monogyna. Walt. Fl. Car. 151.

Macrotys acteoides. Raf. in N. Y. Med. Rep. 5. 854; Desv. Jour. Bot. 2. 170.

C. serpentaria. Pursh, 372. Spreng. Syst. 2. 628. Don, Mill. 1. 64.

Botrophis serpentaria. Raf. Med. FI. 1. 85, fig. 16.

Macrotys serpentaria. Katon, Manual, 4 ed. 356.

Macrotys racemosa. Eaton, Manual, 5 ed. 288. Kat. & Wr. 811.

Botrophis acteoides. Fisch. & Mey. ll. ce. Spach, Hist. Veg. 7. 3898.

Acta orthostachya and gyrostachya. Wendroth, “Ind. Sem. h. Marb. 1840”
(Litterb. zu Linn. 1841, 100; Walp. Rep. 1. 60).

CLEMATIS alpina, Mill. See syn. in DC. Syst. 1. 165; Schlecht. Linn. 6.
571; Ledeb. Fl. Ross. 1. 4. — Gray, Proc. Acad. Philad. 1863, 56.

Var. Ochotensis. Gray, Am. Jour. Sci. 2. 33. 408. Watson, King’s Rep. 5. 3.
Porter, Hayd. Rep. 1871, 477; Fl. Col. 1. Coulter, Hayd. Rep. 1872, 758.
Atragene Ochotensis. Pall. Fl. Ross. 2. 69. Gray, Pl. Fendl. 4.
Atragene alpina. Torrey, Mex. Bound. 29. Porter, Hayd. Rep. 1870, 472.

C. Baldwinii. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 8. Walp. Rep. 1. 7. Dietr. Syn. 3. 847.
Chapman, 3. Wood, Cl.-Book, 202; Bot. & Fi. 17.

C. Bigelovii. Torrey, Pac. R. Rep. 4. 61.

C. Catesbyana. Pursh, 786. DC. Syst. 1. 142; Prodr. 1. 4. Elliott, 2. 44.
Spreng. Syst. 2. 669. Don, Mill. 1. 5. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 657. Chapman, 4.
Wood, Cl.-Book, 201; Bot. & Fl. 17.

C. Plukenetii. DC. Syst. 1.153; Prodr. 1. 7. Spreng. Syst. 2. 665. Don,
Mill. 1.7. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 11 & 657. Dietr. Syn. 3. 347.

C. crispa. Linn. Spec. 548. Walt. Fl. Car. 157. Lam. Dict. 2.44. Ait. Hert.
Kew. 2. 259. Willd. Spec. 2. 1289. Michx. Fl. 1. 318. Persoon, 2. 99. Pursh,
884. Sims, Bot. Mag. t. 1892. Elliott, 2.49. DC. Prodr. 1.9. Don, Mill. 1. 9.
Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1.10. Dietr. Syn. 3. 349. Loud. Arbor. 1. 248, fig. 21. Lindl.
Bot. Reg. 82, t. 60. Gray, Genera, 1. 16, t. 2; Hall, Pl. Tex. 3. Chapman, 3.
Wood, Bot. & Fl. 17.

Clematitis crispa. Moench, Meth. 296.

C. viorna. Andr. Bot. Rep. t. 71, not Linn.

C. cylindrica. Sims, Bot. Mag. t. 1160. Ait. f., Hort. Kew. 8. 843. Pursh,
885. Poir. Suppl. 5. 628. DC. Syst. 1.156; Prodr. 1.7. Elliott, 2.47. Spreng.
Syst. 2. 666. Don, Mill. 1.8. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1.10 & 657. Dietr. Syn. 3. 348.
Loud. Arbor. 1. 289, fig. 15. Gray, Genera, 1.16; Pl. Lindh. 3; Manual, 36.

10 RANUNCULACEZ. [Clematis.

C. divaricata. Jacq. Eclog. 1. 51 & 152, t. 33.

C. Walteri. Pursh, 384. Poir. Suppl. 5. 623. DC. Syst. 1. 155; Prodr. 1. 7.
Elliott, 2. 45. Spreng. Syst. 2. 666. Don, Mill. 1. 7. Hook. Jour. Bot. 1. 185.
Dietr Syn. 3. 347.

. cordata. Sims, Bot. Mag. t.1816, not Pursh. Poir. Suppl. 5. 622.

'. lineariloba, DC. Syst. 1. 155; Prodr.1.7. Deless. Icon. 1. 1, t. 3. Elliott,
2. 45. Spreng. Syst. 2. 666. Don, Mill. 1. 7, fig. 4 Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 10.
Dietr. Syn. 3. 347.

C. Simsii. Sweet, Hort. Brit. 1. Don, Mill. 1.8. Walp. Rep. 1.7. Dietr.
Syn. 3. 348. Loud. Arbor. 1. 240, fig. 16.

Viticella crispa. Spach, Hist. Veg. 7. 267.

Viorna cylindrica. Spach, Hist. Veg. 7. 269.

C. cylindrica, var. crispa. Wood, Cl.-Book, 201. :

C. Douglasii. Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am. 1.1, t.1; Lond. Jour. Bot. 6. 65. Don, Mill.
1.8. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1.8 & 657. Walp. Rep. 1.7. Dietr. Syn. 3. 848. Gray,
Am. Jour. Sci. 2. 83. 408; Proc. Acad. Philad. 1863, 56. Watson, King’s Rep. 5. 3.
Porter, Hayd. Rep. 1871, 477 ; Fl. Col. 1. Coulter, Hayd. Rep. 1872, 758. Torrey,
Bot. Wilkes, 211.

C. Wyeth. Nutt. in Jour. Acad. Philad. 7.6. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1.8. Walp.
Rep. 1: 7.%

C. Drummondii. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1.9; Pac. R. Rep. 2.159. Walp. Rep. 1.

Dietr. Syn. 5. 3845. Gray, Pl. Lindh. 141; Pl. Wright. 1. 7. Seem. Bot. Herald, 26

Torrey, Mex. Bound. 29. Young, Fl. Tex. 140. Brew. & Wats. Bot. Calif. 1. 3.
C. nervata. Benth. Pl. Hartw. 5. Walp. Rep. 1. 7.

C. holosericea. Pursh, 384. Poir. Suppl. 6. 623. DC. Syst. 1. 145; Prodr. 1. 5.

Elliott, 2.45. Spreng. Syst. 2. 669. Don, Mill. 1.6. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1.8 & 657.

Dietr. Syn. 3. 845. Chapman, 4. Wood, Bot. & Fl. 17.

C. lasiantha. Nutt.; Torr. & Gray, Fl.1.9. Walp.l.c. Eat. & Wr. 200. Dietr.
l.c. Seem. Bot. Herald, 267 (to C. Peruviana, DC.). Torr. Pac. R. Rep. 4. 61; Mex.
Bound. 29, t. 1. Wood, Cl.-Book, 202% Boland. Cat. 3. Brew. & Wats. lL. ec.
C. ligusticifolia. Nutt.; Torr. & Gray, Fl.1.9. Walp.l.c. Dietr.l.c. Eat. &
Wr. 200. Gray, Pl. Fendl. 3; Pl. Wright. 2.7; Proc. Bost. Soc. 7. 145; Proc.
Acad. Philad. 1865, 56; Proc. Am. Acad. 8. 372. Torrey, Stansbury’s Rep. 383;
Sitgreave’s Rep. 155; Pac. R. Rep. 4.61; Mex. Bound. 29. Newberry, Pac. R.
Rep. 6. 65. Cooper, same, 12. 30. Pl. Bourgeau, 254. Watson, King’s Rep. 5. 3.
Porter, Hayd. Rep. 1870, 472; 1871, 477; Fl. Col.1. Coulter, Hayd. Rep. 1872,
758. Brew. & Wats. Bot. Calif. 1. 3. :

C. Virginiana. Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am. 1. 1, in part.
Var. brevifolia. Nutt.; Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1.9. Watson, 1.¢. Coulter, 1. ¢.
Var. bracteata. Torrey, Bot. Wilkes. 211.

Var. Californica. Watson, Bot. Calif. 1. 3.
C. ligusticifolia, var. brevifolia. Benth. Pl. Hartw. 294. ,
C. ligusticifolia. Dur. & Hilg. Pac. R. Rep. 5. 5. Boland. Cat. 3.

C. ochroleuca. Ait. Hort. Kew. 2. 260. Willd. Spec. 2. 1294. Persoon, 2. 100.
Poir. Suppl. 2. 296. DC. Syst. 1. 159; Prodr. 1. 8. Lodd. Bot. Cab. t. 661.
Elliott, 2.48. Torrey, Compend. 222; Fl. N. Y.1.6,t.1. Spreng. Syst. 2. 665.
Don, Mill. 1.8. Beck, Bot. 4. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1.7. Eat. & Wr. 199. Dietr.
3. 348. Lesqx. Fl. Ark. 346. Chapman, 3. Gray, Manual, 35.

C. sericea. Michx. Fl. 1. 319; not HBK. Pursh, 385. Poir. Suppl. 2. 298.

On

ile
ke

a

Clematis. | RANUNCULACE. Ph

C. ovata. Pursh, 7386. DC. Syst. 1. 159; Prodr. 1. 8. Elliott, 2. 48. Spreng.
Syst. 2. 665. Don, Mill. 1.8. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1.8 & 657. Dietr. Syne3. 348.
Chapman, 8. Wood, Bot. & FI. 17.
C. Pennsylvanica, Donn, Hort. Brit. Muhl. Ind. Fl. Lane. 172; Cat. 56.
Turez. in Bull. Soc. Mose. 272. 278. Walp. Ann. 7. 4. A doubtful species.
C. Pitcheri. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 10; Pac. R. Rep. 2. 125. Walp. Rep. 1. 7.
Dietr. Syn. 8. 848. Gray, Pl. Fendl. 4; Pl. Wright, 2. 7; Manual, 36. Torrey,
Marecy’s Rep. 280; Mex. Bound. 29. Seem. Bot. Herald, 267 (referring it to C.
reticulata). Young, Fl. Tex. 140.

C. Coloradoensis. Buckl. Proc. Acad. Philad. 1861, 448. Gray, same, 1862,
161.
C. reticulata. Walt. Fl. Car. 156. Michx. Fl. 1.318. Persoon, 2.99. Poir. Suppl.
2. 296. Pursh, 385. DC. Syst. 1.157; Prodr. 1.7. Elliott, 2.47. Spreng. Syst.
2.666. Don, Mill. 1.8. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1.10 & 658. Dietr. Syn. 8. 348. Loud.
Arbor. 1.240, excl. fig. Lindl. Bot. Reg. 82, under t. 60. Engelm. & Gray, Pl.
Lindh. 3. Seem. Bot. Herald, 267. Chapman, 4. Wood, Bot. & Fl. 17.

C. filifera. Benth. Pl. Hartw. 285 (f. Seem. 1.c.) Walp. Ann. 2. 4.
Var (?) Gray, Pl. Wright. 2.7. Torrey, Mex. Bound. 29.

C. Scottii. Porter, Fl. Colorado, 1.

C. verticillaris. DC. Syst. 1.166; Prodr. 1.10. Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am. 1.2; Lond.
Jour. Bot. 6. 66. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1.10. Torrey, Fl. N. Y 1.7; Bot. Wilkes,
212. Gray, Manual, 35.. Lawson, Ranune. Canad. 20. Watson, King’s Rep.
5.4. Porter, Hayd. Rep. 1871, 477. Coulter, same, 1872, 758.

Atragene Americana. Sims, Bot. Mag.t.887. Ait. f., Hort. Kew. 8.3842. Pursh,
384. Spreng. Syst. 2.644. Don, Mill. 1.10. Spach, Hist. Veg. 7. 260. Dietr.
Syn. 3.349. Loud. Arbor. 1. 248, fig. 27. Gray, Genera, 1.14. t.1. Revue Hort.
1854, t. 7 and 1855, t. 17. Curtis, Bot. N. Car. 120. Chapman, 3. Pl. Bourgeau,
254.

C. Americana. Poir. Suppl. 5. 622.

Atragene Columbiana. Nutt.in Jour. Acad. Philad. 7.7. Walp. Rep. 1.9. Dietr.
Syn. 3. 350.

C. Columbiana. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 11.

C. Viorna. Linn. Spec. 548. Jacq. f., Ecl. 1.50, t. 32. Lam. Dict. 2.44. Walt.
Fi. Car. 156. Ait. Hort. Kew. 2.259. Willd. Spec. 2. 1288. Andr. Bot. Rep. 1. 71.
Ker, Rev. Bot. Rep. 28. Michx. Fl. 1.318. Persoon, 2.99. Pursh, 885. DC. Syst.
1.156; Prodr.1.7. Elliott, 2.46. Don, Mill. 1.8. Hook. Jour. Bot. 1.186. Torr.
& Gray, Fl. 1.9. Dietr. Syn. 3.3847. Loud. Arbor. 1. 238, fig. 14. Lindl. Bot. Reg.
32, under t. 60. Parry, Pl. Minn. 608. Chapman, 8. Gray, Manual, 36.
Viorna urnigera. Spach, Hist. Veg. 7. 270.
Var. coccinea. James, Long’s Exped. 1.54. Gray, Pl. Wright. 2. 7.

C. Tevrensis. Buckl. in Proc. Acad. Philad. 1861, 448 and 1870, 135. Gray, in

same, 1862, 161.
C. Virginiana. Linn. Amen. 4.275. ‘Lam. Dict. 2.48. Walt. Fl. Car. 157. Ait.
Hort. Kew. 2. 259. Willd. Spec. 2. 1290. Michx. Fl. 1.818. Persoon, 2.99. Pursh,
384. DC. Syst. 1.142; Prodr. 1.4. James, Long’s Exped. 2. 343. Elliott, 2. 44.
“ Wats. Dendr. t. 74.” Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am. 1. 1, in part; Lond. Jour. Bot. 6. 66.
Don, Mill. 1.5. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 8 & 657. Spach, Hist. Veg. 7.278. Dietr.
Syn. 8. 845. Torr. Fl. N.Y. 1.6; Fremont’s Rep. 87; Emory’s Rep. 186 & 406.
Loud. Arbor. 1, 237, fig. 13. Richards. Arct. Exped. 442. Gray, Pac. R. Rep.

12 RANUNCULACEZ. [Clematis. Delphinium.

12.40; Manual, 36. Curtis, Bot. N. Car. 120. Parry, Pl. Minn. 608. Lesqx. Fl.
Ark. 374. Chapman, 4. Lawson, Ranune. Canad. 20.

C. fragrans. Salisb. Prodr. 371.

C. cordifolia. Moench, Suppl. 104.

C..cordata. Pursh, 384. DC. Prodr. 1.4, excl. syn. Spreng. Syst. 2.670. Don,
Mill. 1.5. Nees, Pl. Wied) 3.

C. Purshii. Dietr. Syn. 3. 846.

Var. bracteata. DC. Syst. 1.142; Prodr. 1.4. Don, Mill. 1.5. Loud. Arbor.
1. 287.

C’. bracteata. Moench, Suppl. 108.

COPTIS asplenifolia. Salish. in Trans. Linn. Soc. 8. 306. Pursh, 391. Poir.
Suppl. 5.628. DC. Syst. 1.822; Prodr. 1.47. Spreng. Syst. 2.659. Hook. FI. Bor.-
Am. 1. 23, t.11. Bong. Sitch. 124. Nutt. im Jour. Acad. Philad. 7. 9. Ledeb. Fl.
Ross. 1. 58. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 28. Dietr. Syn. 8. 338. Gray, Proc. Am.
Acad. 8. 375.

C. occidentalis. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1.28. Walp. Rep. 1.49. Dietr. Syn. 8. 3388.
Hook. in Lond. Jour. Bot. 6.67. Miquel, Ann. Mus. Bot. Lugd.-Bat. 3. 7. Tor-
rey, Bot. Wilkes, 216.

Chrysocoptis occidentalis. Nutt. in Jour. Acad. Philad. 7. 9, t. L.

C. trifolia. Salisb. in Trans. Linn. Soc. 8. 305. See syn. in DC. Syst. 1. 822. —
Pursh, 390. Hornem. Fl. Dan. 9, t.1519. Poir. Suppl. 5. 627. Lodd. Bot. Cab.
t.173. Bigel. Med. Bot. 1. 60,t.5. Spreng. Syst. 2. 659. Raf. Med. Bot. 1. 127,
fig. 27. KE. Meyer, Pl. Lab. 97. Hook. FI. Bor.-Am. 1. 23; Jour. Linn. Soc. 5. 82.
Bong. Sitch. 123. Schlecht. in Linn. 6. 581 & 10. 104. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1.
28. Spach, Hist. Veg. 7. 825. Lindl. Fl. Med. 8. Ledeb. Fl. Ross. 1. 52. Tor-
rey, Fl. N. Y. 1.18. Gray, Genera, 1. 38, t. 13; Manual, 45. Lange, Pl. Gronl.
129. Hook. f., Arct. Pl. 284. Pl. Bourgeau, 254. Rothr. Fl. Alask. 442. Law-
son, Ranunec. Canad. 45.

Flelleborus trifolius. Linn. Ameen. 2. 355, t. 4, fig. 18. Hill, Veg. Syst. 24, t. 13,
fig. 2. Ait. Hort. Kew. 2. 273. Willd. Spec. 2. 1838. Michx. Fl. 1. 325. Baillon,
Hist. Pl. 1. 18, fig. 34.

Anemone Granlandica. Muell. Fl. Dan. 4, t. 566.

Helleborus trilobus. Lam. Dict. 3. 98.

Chrysa borealis. Taf. in N. Y. Med. Rep. 5. 350. Desv. in Journ. Bot. 2. 170.

DELPHINIUM azureum. Michx. Fl. 1.814. Persoon, 2.82. Poir. Suppl.
2.458. Pursh, 371. Nutt. Gen. 2.14. DC. Syst. 1. 856; Prodr. 1.54. Deless.
Icon. 1. 16, t.60. Elliott, 2.18. Torrey, Compend. 218; Ann. Lye. N. Y. 2. 163;
Nicol. Rep. 144; Emory’s Rep. 406; Stansb. Rep. 383; Sitgr. Rep. 155; Marcy’s
Rep. 280; Mex. Bound. 30. Spreng. Syst. 2. 618. Don, Mill. 1.53. Beck, Bot.
13. Lindl. Bot. Reg. 23, t.1999. Torr. & Gray, FI. 1. 32 & 660; Pac. R. Rep.
2.125 & 159, Eat. & Wr. 221. Nees, Pl. Neuwied, 3. Dietr. Syn. 3.280. Engelm.
in Wisliz. Rep. 3. Gray, Pl. Fendl. 5; Pl. Lindh. 142; Pl. Wright. 2. 8; Pl. Thurb.
299; Pac. R. Rep. 12.40; Manual, 46; Hall’s Pl. Tex. 3. Parry, Pl. Minn. 609.
Durand, Fl. Utah, 158. Chapman, 10. Pl. Bourgeau, 254. Lawson, Ranune.
Canad. 48. Porter, Hayd. Rep. 1871, 473; Fl. Col. 5. Parry, Am. Naturalist, 9. 268.

D. Carolinianum. Walter, 155. Bartr. Trav. 328.

D, virescens. Nutt. Gen. 2.14. DC. Prodr. 1. 53. Schweinitz, Long’s Exp. 2,
Appx. 114. Spreng. Syst. 2. 618. Torrey, Ann. Lyc. N. Y. 2. 163. Don, Mill. 1. 52.
Torr. & Gray, Fl.1.382. Eat. & Wr. 221. Dietr. Syn. 3.278. Gray, Pl. Lindh.
142. Wood, Cl.-Book, 210.

Delphinium.| RANUNCULACE A, 13

D. vimineum. Don in Sweet’s Brit. Fl. t.374. Hook. Bot. Mag. t. 3593. Torr.
& Gray, lc. Eat. & Wr. 222. Walp. Rep. 1.55. Dietr.1.c. Young,Fl. Tex. 146.
D. simplex. Gray, Pl. Wright. 2. 8.
D. bicolor. Nutt. in Journ. Acad. Philad. 7.10. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1.33. Eat. &
Wr. 221. Walp. Rep.1. 56. Dietr. Syn. 3.278. Brew. & Wats. Bot. Calif. 1. 11.
D. Menziesii. Durand, Fl. Utah, 158. Gray, Proc. Acad. Philad. 1863, 57.
Porter, Hayd. Rep. 1871, 477 ; Fl. Col. 5. Coulter, Hayd. Rep. 1872, 759.
D. Menziesii, var. Utahense. Watson, King’s Rep. 5. 12.

D. Californicum. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1.31. Eat. & Wr. 222. Walp. Rep. 1. 55.
Dietr. Syn. 8. 279. Benth. Pl. Hartw. 296. Gray, Pl. Wright. 2.9. ‘Torrey, Mex.
Bound. 30. Boland. Cat. 4. Brew. & Wats. Bot. Calif. 1. 11..

D. exaltatum. Hook. & Arn. Bot. Beechey, 317, not Ait.
D. cardinale. Hook. Bot. Mag. t. 4887. Torrey, Pac. R. Rep. 4. 62; Mex.
Bound. 30, t. 2. Walp. Ann. 4. 24. Lemaire, L’Ill. Hort. 3, t.92. Regel, Gart.
Fl. 6, t. 208. FI. des Serres, 11. 63, t. 1105. Thompson in “Garden,” 5. 477 &
12.176. Brew. & Wats. Bot. Calif. 1. 12.

D. coccineum. Torrey, Pac. R. Rep. 4. 62.
D. decorum. Fisch. & Mey. Ind. Sem. Petr. 3. 85 (Litt.-Ber. zu Linn. 1858, 92).
Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 661. Walp. Rep. 1. 56. Dietr. Syn. 3. 279. Gray, Pl. Wright.
2.8; Ives’ Rep. 5. Durand, Pl. Pratten. 80. Torrey, Pac. R. Rep. 4. 63 & 7.7; Mex.
Bound. 30. Newberry, Pac. R. Rep. 6. 65. Boland. Cat. 4. Brew. & Wats. 1. c. 11.

D. patens. Benth. Pl. Hartw. 296. Walp. Ann. 2.12. Torrey, Pac. R. Rep.
4.63; Mex. Bound. 30. Gray, Ives’ Rep. 5. Boland. Cat. 4.

D. Menziesii. Torr. Mex. Bound. 30% Gray, Proc. Bost. Soc. 7.145. Bol. 1. c.

Var. Nevadense. Watson, Bot. Calif. 1. 11.
D. Menziesii. Durand, Pl. Pratten. 80. Watson, King’s Rep. 5. 11, excl. var.
D. decorum. Anderson, Cat. Pl. Nev. 117, in part.
D. depauperatum. Nutt.; Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1.33. Eat. & Wr. 221. Walp.
Rep. 1. 56. Dietr. Syn. 3. 278. Watson, King’s Rep. 5.12. Brew. & Wats. 1. c.
D. Menziesti. Torr. & Gray, Pac. R. Rep. 2. 119.
2 D. decorum. Anderson, Cat. Pl. Nev. 117, in part.

D. exaltatum. Ait. Hort. Kew. 2.244. Willd. Spec. 2. 1280. Persoon, 2. 82.
Pursh, 371. DC. Syst. 1. 357; Prodr. 1. 54. Elliott,2.19. Torrey, Compend. 218.
Spreng. Syst. 2.618. Don, Mill. 1. 53. Beck, Bot. 18. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 31.
Eat. & Wr. 221. Dietr.l.c. Gray, Pl. Wright. 2.9; Manual, 46. Chapman, 10.

D. urceolatum. Jacq. Icon. Rar. 1, t.101; Collect. 1.153. Willd. Spee. 2. 1230.
Ait. f. Hort. Kew. 3.321. Poir. Suppl. 2.457. Hook. Bot. Mag. t. 1791. Spreng.
Syst. 2.619. Don, Mill. 1. 53.

D. tridactylum. Michx. Fl. 1. 814. Persoon, 2. 82. Poir. Suppl. 2. 458.
D. Menziesii. DC. Syst. 1.355; Prodr.1.54. Spreng. Syst. 2.618. Lindl.
Bot. Reg. 14, t. 1192. Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am. 1. 25; Lond. Journ. Bot. 6. 67. Don,
Mill. 1.52. Torr. & Gray, Fl.1.661. Hook. & Arn. Bot. Beechey, 121 & 317. Ledeb.
FI. Ross. 1. 62. Seem. Bot. Herald, 23. Newberry, Pac. R. Rep. 6. 65. Cooper,
same, 12.55. Torrey, Mex. Bound. 30; Bot. Wilkes, 216. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad.
8.375. Hook. f. Arct. Pl. 284 & 313. Rothr. Fl. Alask. 442. Porter, Hayd. Rep.
1871, 477; Fl. Col. 5. Coulter, Hayd. Rep. 1872, 759. Brew. & Wats. 1. c.

D. pauciflorum. Nutt.; Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1.33. & 661. Eat. & Wr. 221. Walp.1.c.

D. Nuttallianum. Pritz.; Walp. Rep. 2. 744.

? D. Middendorffii. Trauty. in Middend. Sibir. Reis. 63, t.1. Walp. Rep. 1. 15.

D, patens. Newberry, Pac. R. Rep. 6. 65.

14 RANUNCULACEX. [Delphinium.

D. nudicaule. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1.35 & 661. Eat. & Wr. 222. Walp. Rep. 1.
56. Dietr. Syn. 3. 278 (as D. radicale). Torrey, Pac. R. Rep. 4. 62; Mex. Bound.
30. Newberry, Pac. R. Rep. 6.65. Hook. f. Bot. Mag. t. 5819. Gray, Am. Journ.
Sci. 3. 2. 63. Moore, Fl. Mag. t. 512. Boland.Cat. 4. Thompson, Garden, 3.477.
Dickson, Trim. Journ. Bot. 10. 45. Brew. & Wats. Bot. Calif. 1. 12.
Var. elatius. Gray; Thompson, Garden, 3.477. Brew. & Wats. 1. c.
D. sarcophyllum. Hook. & Arn. Bot. Beechey, 317.

D. scopulorum. Gray, Pl. Wright. 2.9; Am. Journ. Sci. 2. 33, 242; Proc. Acad.
Philad. 1863, 57. Walp. Ann. 4. 24. Torey: Pac. R. Rep. 4. 63; Mas Bound. 30.
Coulter, rey d. Rep. 1872, 759. Porter, Fl. Col..5. Brew. & Wats. 1. ec. 11.

D, exaltatum. Hook. Fl. Bor-Am. 1. 25. Lawson, Ranunc. Canad. 47.

D. simplex. Dougl.; Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am. 1. 25; Lond. Journ. Bot. 6. 67. Don,
Mill. 1.53. Hook. & Arn. Bot. Beechey, 517. Eat. & Wr.221. Benth. Pl. Hartw.
295. Durand, Pl. Pratten. 80. Torrey, Pac. R. Rep. 4. 63; Bot. Wilkes, 217.
Cooper, Pac. R. Rep. 12. 51. Boland. Cat. 4. Brew. & Wats. 1. c. 10.

D, Menzxiesii. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 31, not DC. Dietr. Syn. 3. 279.

D. azureum, var. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 660. Hook. & Arn. Bot. Beechey, 817.
Benth. Pl. Hartw. 296. Torrey, Pac. R. Rep. 4. 63.

D. azureum. Newberry, Pac. R. Rep. 6.65. Cooper, same, 12.55. Torrey, Bot.

Wilkes, 217.

D. tricorne. Michx. Fl. 1.314. Persoon, 2.82. Poir. Suppl. 2.458. Pursh, 371.

DC. Syst. 1. 856; Prodr. 1. 54. pede: Bot. Cab. t. 306. Deless. Icon. Sel. 1. 16,
t. 59. Elliott, 2.18. Spreng. Syst. 2.618. Beck, in Am. Journ. Sci. 14.114. Don,

Mill. 1.52. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 31. Eat. & Wr. 222. Dietr. Syn. 3. 279. Gray,
Genera, 1. 42, t.15; Pac. R. Rep. 12. 40; Manual, 46. Lindl. Veg. Kingd. 426,

f.297. Chapman, 10.

D. trolliifolium. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 8. 375. Brew. & Wats. 1. ¢. 11.
D. elatum, var. Gray, Am. Jour. Sci. 2. 33. 242; Proc. Acad. Philad. 1863, 57.
D. elatum. Porter, Hayd. Rep. 1870, 473.

D. elatum, var. (%) occidentale. Watson, King’s Rep. 5. 11. Porter, Hayd. Rep.

1871, 477; Fl. Col. 4. Coulter, Hayd. Rep. 1872, 759. Brew. & Wats. 1. c.
D. variegatum. Torr. & Gray, Fl.1.9. Hat. & Wr. 222. Walp. Rep. 1. 55

Dietr. l.c. Torrey, Pac. R. Rep. 4. 63. Boland. Cat. 4. Brew. & Wats. 1. c. 10.

D. grandiflorum, var. variegatum. Hook. & Arn. Bot. Beechey, 317.
D. decorum. Benth. Pl. Hartw. 295.

HELLEBORUS vinipis, Linn. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 659. Gray, Manual, 45.

HYDRASTIS Canadensis. Linn. Spec. 2 ed. 784. Lam. Dict. 3.151. Ait.
Hort. Kew. 2. 2738. Willd. Spec. 2. 1839. Michx. Fl. 1. 317. St. Hil. Fam. Nat.
1. 486. Persoon, 2.107. Pursh, 389. DC. Syst. 1.218; Prodr. 123. Elliott, 2.55
James, Catalogue, 183. Barton, Comp. Fl. Phil. 2. 22. Torrey, Compend. 224;
Ann. Lyc. N. Y. 2. 162; Fl. N. Y.1. 26. Spreng. Syst. 42.220. “Pict. Hort. Par.
37, t. 17.” Raf. Med. Fl. 1. 251, fig.51. Hook. FI. ee 1.9; Bot. Mag.
‘t. 3019 & 3232. Don, Mill. 1. 22, fig.'7. Beck, Bot. 7. Darling. Fl. Cestr. 336.
Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1.40. Spach, Hist. Veg. 7. 384. Bat: & Wr. 276. Lindl. Fl.
Med. 5. Nees, Pl. Neuwied, 3. Dietr. Syn. 3. 338. Gray, Genera, 1. 48, t. 18;
Manual, 47. Chapman, 11. Baillon, Hist. Pl. 1. 51, fig. 88. Lawson, Ranune.
Canad. 51.

ISOPYRUM biternatum. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1.660. Walp. Rep.1.48. Tor-
rey, Nicol. Rep. 144. Gray, Genera, 1. 36, t.12; Manual, 44. Parry, Pl. Minn.
609. Chapman, 9. Baillon, Hist. Pl. 1. 21, fig. 36. Young, FI. Tex. 145.

Isopyrum. Ranunculus.| RANUNCULACE. 15

Enemion biternatum. Raf. in “ Jour. Phys. 2. 70.” DC. Prodr. 1. 48. Don, Mill.
1.47. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 29. Dietr. Syn. 3. 338. Regel, Fl. Ost-Sib. 1. 62.
‘I. thalictroides. Short, Cat. Pl. Kentucky, 1.8. Hook. Jour. Bot. 1. 187.

I. Hallii. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 8. 374.
I. occidentale. Hook. & Arn. Bot. Beechey, 316. Torr. & Gray, FI. 1. 660.

MYOSURUS aristatus. Benth. Lond. Jour. Bot. 6. 458. Walp. Ann. 1. 7.
Gray, Ives’s Rep. 5. Watson, King’s Rep. 5. 5. Coulter, Hayd. Rep. 1872, 758.

M. apetalus. Gay, Hist. Chil. Bot. 1. 31, t. 1, fig. 1. Baillon, Hist. Pl. 1. 48.
M. minimus. Linn. Spec. 284. See syn. in DC. Syst. 1. 280; Ledeb. Fl. Ross. 1.
26. — Elliott, 1. 582. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 25; Pac. R. Rep. 2. 159. Hook. in Jour.
Bot. 1. 187; Lond. Jour. Bot. 6. 459. Benth. Pl. Hartw. 295. Gray, Genera, 1. 28,
t.8; Pl. Wright. 2.8; Proce. Acad. Philad. 1863, 57; Manual, 44. Torrey, Mex.
Bound. 29; Bot. Wilkes, 215. Chapman, 6. Baillon, Hist. Pl. 1. 41, fig. 72-75.
Lawson, Ranune. Canad. 48. Boland. Cat. 3. Anderson, Cat. Pl. Nev. 117.
Watson, King’s Rep. 5. 5. Porter, Fl. Col. 2.

M. Shortii. Raf. in Am. Jour. Sci. 1. 879 (Spreng. Neue Entdeck. 2. 208). DC.
Prodr. 1. 25. Don, Mill. 1. 25.

PZIONIA Brownii. Dougl.; Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am. 1. 27. Don, Mill. 1. 66. Torr.
& Gray, Fl. 1. 41 & 661. Lindl. Bot. Reg. 25, t. 30. Walp. Rep. 1. 61. Dietr.
Syn. 3. 275. Benth. Pl. Hartw. 296. Torrey, Pac. R. Rep. 4. 63 & 7.7; Mex.
Bound. 30; Bot. Wilkes, 217. Newberry, Pac. R. Rep. 6. 66. Kellogg, Proc.
Calif. Acad. 1. 46. Anderson, Cat. Pl. Nev. 117. Watson, King’s Rep. 5. 12.
Coulter, Hayd. Rep. 1872, 759. Brew. & Wats. Bot. Calif. 1. 13.

P. Californica. Nutt. in Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 41. Walp. Rep. 1.61. Dietr.
Syn. 8. 275. Kellogg, Proc. Calif. Acad. 1. 46.

RANUNCULUS abortivus. Linn. Spec.551. Hill, Veg. Syst. 138. 2, t. 2, fig. 4.
Walt. Fl. Car. 159. Willd. Spec. 2. 1314. Poir. Dict. 6.109. Pursh, 892. Smith,
Rees Cye. n. 23. DC. Syst. 1. 268; Prodr. 1. 34. Schlecht. Animad. 2. 10. Elliott,
2.58. Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am. 1. 14, in part; Jour. Bot. 1. 187. Don, Mill. 1. 32.
Torr. & Gray, Fl.1.19. Dietr. Syn. 3. 317. Torrey, Fl. N. Y.1. 13; Nicol. Rep.
144. Parry, Pl. Minn. 608. Gray, Pac. R. Rep. 12. 40; Manual, 42. Chapman, 7.
Pl. Bourgeau, 254. Lawson, Ranunc. Canad. 37.
2 R. nitidus. Walt. Fl. Car. 159, not Muhl, or Elliott. Poir. Dict. 6. 126. Pursh,
392.
Var. micranthus. Gray, Manual, 42. Macoun & Gibson, Trans. Edinb. 12. 308.
R. micranthus. Nutt. in Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1.18. Walp. Rep. 1.42. Dietr.
Syn. 5. 318. Engelm. in Am. Journ. Sci. 46. 94.

R. acris, Linn. Generally regarded as introduced, but classed by Hook. f. as
indigenous. Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am. 1. 18; Lond. Jour. Bot. 6. 66.. Torr. & Gray, FI.
1. 21, excl. var. Ledeb. Fl. Ross. 1. 40. Vahl, Fl. Dan. 14, t. 2415. Torrey,
Emory’s Rep. 406. Hook. f., Arct. Pl. 288. Gray, Manual, 43. Lange, Pl. Gronl.
128. Lawson, Ranunc. Canad. 36. Boland. Cat. 3.

R. adoneus. Gray, Proc. Acad. Philad. 1863, 56. Coulter, Hayd. Rep. 1872, 759.
Porter, Fl. Col. 8.

R. amenus ? Gray, Am. Jour. Sci. 2. 33. 408.

R. orthorhynchus, var. alpinus. Watson, King’s Rep. 5.9. Gray, Am. Jour. Sci.
38. 8. 849; Proc. Am. Acad. 8. 373.
R. affinis. R. Br. in Parry’s Ist Voy. Appx. 265 (Beil. zu Flora, 72. 70). Rich.
ards. in Frankl. Journ. 2 ed. 28. Hook. in Parry’s 2d Voy. 384; Fl. Bor.-Am. 1.

16 RANUNCULACEZ. [Ranunculus.

12, t. G, fig. A. Seringe, Melange Bot. 2. 57. Grah. in Edinb. Jour. 1829, 187.
Don, Mill. 1. 35. Schlecht. in Linn. 6. 577. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1.18. Hook. &
Arn. Bot. Beechey, 121. Ledeb. Fl. Ross. 1. 37. Dietr. Syn. 3. 320. Gray, PL.
Fendl. 4; Pl. Wright. 2.8; Am. Jour. Sci. 2. 33.241 & 404. Seem. Bot. Herald,
22. Torrey, Pac. R. Rep. 4.62; Mex. Bound. 29. Hook. f. in Jour. Linn. Soc. 1.
120; Arct. Pl. 312 (referring it “to A. auricomus without hesitation”). Watson,
King’s Rep. 5. 7. Porter, Hayd. Rep. 1870, 472. Coulter, same, 1872, 759.

R. pedatifidus. Schlecht. Animad. 2. 18, not Sm. or Ledeb.

R. arcticus. Richards. in Frankl. Journ. 18. Don, Mill. 1. 84. Thus rererred
by Hook. f., 1. ¢.; kept distinct by Malmgren, FI. Spitz. in Seem. Jour. Bot. 2. 136.

R. amenus. Ledeb. Fl. Alt. 820; Icon. Fl. Alt. t.113. The Siberian form, re-
ferred here by Ledeb. (Fl. Ross. 1. 37) and others. Hook. f. & Thomp. (FI. Ind.
1. 34) identify the next with it.

R. pedatifidus. Smith, Rees Cye.n. 32. DC. Syst. 1.275; Prodr. 1. 36. (Not
of Ledeb. Fl. Ross. 1. 732, which Hook. f. & Thomp. l. c. refer to R. cespitosus,
Wall., as a distinct species common to Asia and North America.)

R. auricomus, var. affinis. Lawson, Ranunc. Canad. 37.

Var. cardiophyllus. Gray, Proc. Acad. Philad. 1868, 56. Porter, Fl. Col. 3.

R. cardiophyllus. Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am. 1. 14, t. 5; Bot. Mag. t.2999. Don,
Mill. 1. 83. Nutt. in Jour. Acad. Philad. 7. 8. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 18. Walp.
Rep. 1.42. Dietr. Syn. 3.317. Pl. Bourgeau, 254.

Var. leiocarpus. Trautv. in Middend. Sibir. Reise, 62. Regel, Fl. Ost-Sib. 1.
46. Gray, Proc. Acad. Philad. 1863, 56. Watson, King’s Rep. 5. 8. Porter, FI.
Col. 3.

R. Eschscholtzii. Gray, Am. Jour. Sci. 2. 33. 241, in part.

Var. lasiocarpus. Torrey, Bot. Wilkes, 213.

R. alismefolius. Geyer; Benth. Pl. Hartw. 295, excl. syn. Gray, Proc. Am.
Acad. 8. 372. Brew. & Wats. Bot. Calif. 1. 16.

R. alismefolius, var. Cooper, Pac. R. Rep. 12. 51. Gray, Am. Journ. Sci. 2. 33.
404; Proc. Acad. Philad. 1863, 57. :

R. glaberrimus, var. Gray, Am. Journ. Sci. 2. 33. 241.

R. alismefolius, var. montanus. Watson, King’s Rep. 5.7. Gray, Am. Journ.
Sci. 3. 3.149. Porter, Fl. Col. 2.

R. ambigens.

R. Flammula. Pursh, 391; not DC. Richards. in Frankl. Journ. 13. Hook. Fl.
Bor.-Am. 1. 11, in part. Torr. & Gray, Fl.1.16. Torrey, Fl. N. Y.1.11. Gray,
Manual, 1 ed. 8. Lawson, Ranunc. Canad. 40. Wood, Bot. & Fl. 19.

R. Lingua. Pursh, 391. Torrey, Compend. 225. Don, Mill. 1. 51, in part.

* FR. Robini. Raf. Fl. Lud. 82. Seringe, Melange Bot. 70.

R. alismefolius. Benth. 1. c., in part. Gray, Manual, 41 (2 ed. 8). Chapman, 7.

R. Andersoni. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 7.327. Anderson, Cat. Fl. Nev. 117.
Watson, King’s Rep. 5. 6,t.1. Brew. & Wats. Bot. Calif. 1. 6.

R. aquatilis, Linn. See syn. in DC. Syst. 1. 234 & Prodr. 1. 26; Schlecht. Ani-
mad. 1.7 & 2.5; Ledeb. Fl. Ross. 1. 27; Babington, Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. 1. 3.
227 & 2. 16. 385; Robinson, Trans. Bot. Soc. Edinb. 11. 121; Du Mortier, Bull. Bot.
Soc. Belg. 2. 207, under Batrachium ; Hiern, Seem. Journ. Bot. 9. 65, under R. hydro-
charis. — Pursh, 395. Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am. 1. 10. Schlecht. in Linn. 6. 576. ‘Torr.
& Gray, Fl. 1.15. Torrey, Fl. N. Y. 1.11; Emory’s Rep. 136 & 406; Pac. R. Rep.
4. 62; Bot. Wilkes, 213. Ascherson, Fl. Lab. in Flora, 43. 369. Parry, Pl. Minn.

Ranunculus.| RANUNCULACE. ae

608. Newberry, Pac. R. Rep. 6.65. Hook. f., Arct. Pl. 283 & 311. Chapman, 7.
Pl. Bourgeau, 254. Lawson, Ranune. Canad. 42. Boland. Cat. 3.

Var. arcticus. Durand, Pl. Kane, 185.

Var. ceespitosus. DC. Prodr. 1. 26. Hook. Fl. Bor-Am. 1.10; Lond. Jour.
Bot. 6.66. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1.16. Brew. & Wats. Bot. Calif. 1. 5.
R. hydrocharis ceespitosus. Hiern, 1. ¢. 100.

Var. heterophyllus. DC. Prodr. 1. 26. Hook. Fl. Bor-Am. 1. 10. Cooper,
Pac. R. Rep. 12. 55. Gray, Manual, 40. Wood, Bot. & Fl. 19.
R. heterophyllus, Weber. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 8. 372.

Var. Lobbii.
R. hederaceus. Schlecht. Animad. Ranune. 1.7. Torrey, Pac. R. Rep. 4. 62.
R. hydrocharis Lobbiit. Hiern, 1. c. 66, t. 114.

Var. stagnatilis. DC. Prodr. 1. 27. Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am. 1.10. Torr. & Gray,
Fl. 1.16. Watson, King’s Rep. 5. 6. Porter, Hayd. Rep. 1871, 477; Fl. Col. 2.
Coulter, Hayd. Rep. 759.

R. aquatilis, var. divaricatus. Gray, Manual, 2 ed.7. Torrey, Mex. Bound. 29.

R. divaricatus. Gray, Pl. Wright. 2. 8; Pac. R. Rep. 12. 40; Manual, 40. Torr.
& Gray, Pac. R. Rep. 2. 125. Torrey, Pac. R. Rep. 4. 62. Porter, Hayd. Rep.
1870, 472.

. R. hydrocharis longirestris. Hiern, 1. ec. 100.

Var. trichophyllus. Gray, Manual, 40. Watson, King’s Rep. 5. 5. Porter,
Hayd. Rep. 1871, 477; Fl. Col. 2. Coulter, Hayd. Rep. 1872, 750.

R. flwiatilis. Pursh, 895. James, Long’s Exp. 1. 63. Bigel. Fl. Bost. 2 ed. 227.

R. aquatilis, var. capillaceus. DC. Prodr. 1. 26. Torrey, Compend. 225 ; Nicol.
Rep. 144. Schlecht. in Linn. 6. 576. Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am. 1. 10. Darling. FI.
Cestr. 827. Torr. & Gray, FI. 1. 10.

RL. pantothrix. Elliott, 2. 56.

R. aquatilis, vay. brachypus. Hook. & Arn. Bot. Beechey, 316. Torr. & Gray, FI.
1. 658.

R. aquatilis, var. pantolhriz. Ledeb. Fl. Ross. 1. 27. Hook. f., Arct. Pl. 311.

R. hydrocharis trichophyllus. Hiern, 1. c. 101.

Var. confervoides.
Batrachium confervoides, Fries. Lange, Pl. Gronl. 128.
RR. hydrocharis confervoides. Hiern, |. c. 102.

Besides these, the following American forms are given by Hiern:
R. hydrocharis hederzefolius, |. c. 67.

Drouetii, I. c. 102. (Oregon.)
submersus, |. c. 102. (Boston.)

R. auricomus, Linn. See syn. in DC. Syst. 1. 266; Schlecht. Animad. 2. 7;
Ledeb. Fl. Ross. 1. 38; Regel & Til. Fl. Ajan. 31; Regel, Fl. Ost-Sib. 1.47; Traut-
vetter in Trud. St. Pet. Bot. Cada, 1. 49.— Pursh, 893. DC. Prodr. 1. 83. Hook.
in Trans. Linn. Soc. 14. 361. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 17. Hook. f., Arct. Pl. 283 &
312.
Var. affinis. Lawson, Ranunc. Canad. 37.

R. affinis, R. Br.; q. v.

R. Cassubicus, Linn. Schrank, Fl. Lab. 28. Schlecht. Animad. 2.7. Ledeb.
Fl. Ross. 1. 88. Dietr. Syn. 3. 317.

RR. auricomus, var. Cassubicus, Hagen. Meyer, Pl. Lab. 96.

2

18 RANUNCULACE. [Ranunculus.

R. purposes, Linn. Michx. Fl. 1. 321. Pursh, 392. Bigel. Med. Fl. 3. 61, t. 47.
Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 24. Chapman, 8. Gray, Manual, 48.

R. Californicus. Benth. Pl. Hartw. 295. Torrey, Pac. R. Rep, 4. 62 & 7.7;
Mex. Bound. 30. Newberry, Pac. R. Rep. 6.65. Boland. Cat. 3. Gray, Proc.
Am. Acad. 8. 872. Brew. & Wats. Bot. Calif. 1. 7.

R. dissectus. Hook. & Arn Bot. Beechey, 316, not Bieb. Walp. Rep. 1. 43.
Peyritsh in Linn. 380. 52.

R. acris, var. 8. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 21.

R. delphinifolius * Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 659, not HBK.

R. canus. Torrey, Pac. R. Rep. 4. 62, not Benth.

R fascicularis. Watson, King’s Rep. 5. 9 ?

R. Cymbalaria. Pursh, 392. Smith, Rees Cycl. n. 14. Poir. Suppl. 4. 661.
DC. Syst. 1. 252; Prodr. 1. 3838. Schlecht. Animad. 1. 22. Richards. in Frankl.
Journ. 13. Spreng. Syst. 2. 649. Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am. 1.11; Lond. Jour. Bot. 6.
60. Don, Mill. 1.32. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 17. Hornem. Fl. Dan. 13, t. 2293.
Ledeb. FI. Ross. 1. 84. Turez. Cat. Baic. n. 84. Dietr. Syn. 3. 316. Torrey, Fl.
N. Y. 1.12; Nicol. Rep. 144; Frem. Rep. 87; Mex. Bound. 29. Gray, Pl. Wright. 2.
8; Am. Jour. Sci. 2. 38. 241; Proc. Acad. Philad. 1863, 56; Manual, 41; Proc.
Am. Acad. 8. 372. Walp. Ann. 4. 18. Parry, Pl. Minn. 608. Lange, Pl. Grénl.
129. Hook. f., Arct. Pl. 283. Pl. Bourgeau, 254. Lawson, Ranunc. Canad. 40.
Anderson, Cat. Pl. Nev. 117. Watson, King’s Rep. 5. 7. Porter, Hayd. Rep. 1870,
472; 1871, 477; Fl. Col. 3. Coulter, Hayd. Rep. 1872, 759.

A. tridentatus. BK. Nov. Gen. & Spee. 5.42. DC. Syst. 1. 252; Prodr. 1. 33.
Seringe, “ Bull. Bot. 2. 25, t. 3.” Spreng. Syst. 2.649. Don, Mill. 1. 32. Benth.
PL Hartw. 1 & 158. Dietr. Syn. 8. 317. Gray, Pl. Fendl. 4.

f. sarmentosus. Adams, Mem. Soc. Mose. 9. 244.

R. salsuginosus. Pallas, “Itin. 2. 213 & 265.” Willd. Spec. 2. 1311. Smith,
Rees Cycl.n. 15. Poir. Dict. 6.102. Spreng. Syst. 2. 649.

Var. alpinus. Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am. 1. 11.

LR. halophilus. Schlecht. Animad. 1. 23, t. 4, fig. 1. Seringe, Melange Bot. 2.
57. Spreng. Syst. 2. 649. Don, Mill. 1. 32.
R. digitatus. Hook. Jour. Bot. 1851, 124, t. 4 Walp. Ann. 4. 17. Lawson,
Ranune. Canad. 43. Watson, King’s Rep. 5. 8.
R. fascicularis. Muhl.; Bigel. Fl. Bost. 187. DC. Syst. 1.291; Prodr. 1. 40.
Spreng. Syst. 2. 655. Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am. 1. 20, t. 8, fig.1; Jour. Bot. 1. 187.
Don, Mill. 1.88. Darling. Fl. Cestr. 829. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 24. Dietr. Syn. 8.
824. Torrey, Fl. N. Y. 1.15. Gray, Genera, 1. 30, t.9; Manual, 48; Am. Jour.
Sci. 8. 8. 149; Proc. Am. Acad. 8. 873. Parry, Pl. Minn. 608. Lawson, Ranune.
Canad. 34.
R. Ficaria, Linn. Included in Hook. f. Aret. Pl. as from northwestern America,
but no other authority is found.
R. Flammula, Linn. See syn. in DC. Syst. 1. 247; Ledeb. Fl. Ross. 1. 32. —
Hook. in Lond. Jour. Bot. 6. 66. Hook. f., Arct. Pl. 288 & 812. Torrey, Bot.
Wilkes, 2138. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 8. 873. :
Var. intermedius. Hook. Fl. Bor-Am. 1. 11. Ledeb. Fl. Ross. 1. 82. Gray,
Manual, 41; Proc. Am. Acad. 8. 373. .
R. Flammula. Schlecht. in Linn. 6. 577.
Var. Unalaschcensis. Ledeb. Fl. Ross. 1. 32.

Var. reptans. Meyer, Pl. Lab. 96. Gray, Proc. Acad. Philad. 1863, 56; Manual,

Ranunculus.] RANUNCULACEZ. £Y

41, Watson, King’s Rep. 5.7. Porter, Hayd. Rep. 1871, 477; Fl. Col. 2. Coulter,
Hayd. Rep. 1872, 759. Brew. & Wats. Bot. Calif. 1. 6.

R. reptans. Linn. Spec. 549. See syn. in DC. Syst. 1..248; Ledeb. Fl. Ross. 1.
32. — Schlecht. Animad. 1.18. Don, Mill. 1.31. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1.16. Hook.
in Lond. Jour. Bot. 6. 66. Gray, Manual, 1 ed. 9. Cooper, Pac. R. Rep. 12. 55.
Lange, Pl. Gronl. 129. Pl. Bourgeau, 254. Lawson, Ranunc. Canad. 40. Boland.
Cat. 3. Wood, Bot. & Fil. 19. ;

R. filiformis. Michx. Fl. 1. 320. Poir. Dict. 6. 99. Persoon, 2. 102. Pursh,
392. Smith, Rees Cyc. n. 5. Barton, Fl. N. A. 2.101, t. 70. Bigel. Fl. Bost. 2 ed.
224.

R. Flammula, var, jiliformis. Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am. 1.11. Regel, Fl. Ussurs 6.

R. reptans, var. filiformis. DC. Syst. 1. 248. Torrey, Fl. N. Y. 1. 12.

R. glaberrimus. Hook. FI. Bor.-Am. 1. 12, t. 5, fig. A. Don, Mill. 1. 33.
Nuttall, Jour. Acad. Philad. 7. 7. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 19 & 658. Hook. & Arn.
Bot. Beechey, 316. Walp. Rep. 1.42. Dietr. Syn. 3. 317. Anderson, Cat. PI.
Ney. 117. Watson, King’s Rep. 5. 8. Porter, Fl. Col. 2. Torrey, Bot. Wilkes,
214. Brew. & Wats. Bot. Calif. 1. 7.

R. glacialis, Linn. See syn. in DC. Syst. 1. 288. — Schlecht. Animad. es) ore:
& Gray, Fl. 1. 16 & 658. Hook. in Trans. Linn. Soc. 14. 862. Hook. f. Arct. ee
283 & 311. Durand, Pl. Kane, 185.

R. Chamissonis. Schlecht. Animad. 1. 12, t. 1 (Spreng. Neue Entdeck. 2. 313).
Seringe, Melange Bot. 2. 52. Spreng. Syst. 2. 650. Gray, Proc. Am. Aead: 7.
828.
R. hebecarpus. Hook. & Arn. Bot. Beechey, 316. Walp. Rep. 1. 43. Torrey,
Pac. R. Rep. 4. 62; Mex. Bound. 30. Boland. Cat. 3.

R. parviflorus, var. y. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 25 & 659.
R. Hookeri. Regel, Fl. Ost-Sib. 1. 47.

R. pedatifidus. Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am. 1. 18, t. 18, fig. B. Don, Mill. 1.85. Torr.
& Gray, Fl. 1.21. Dietr. Syn. 3. 321.

R. hydrocharoides. Gray, Pl. Thurb. 306. Walp. Ann. 4. 17. Torrey, Mex.
Bound. 29.

R. Hornemanni. Schlecht. Animad. 2.36. DC. Prodr. 1.44. Don, Mill. 1. 41.
Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 85. Dietr. Syn. 3. 827.
R. tuberosus. Hornem. Hort. Bot. Hafn. 527.

R. hyperboreus. Rottb. Act. Hafn. 10. 458, t. 4, fig. 16. See syn. in DC. Syst.
1. 272; Ledeb. Fl. Ross. 1. 84; Regel, Fl. Ost-Sib. 1. 48.— DC. Prodr. 1. 35.
Schlecht. Animad. 2.12. R. Br. in Parry’s lst Voy. Appx. 263. Hook. in Parry’s
2d Voy. Appx. 4, & 8d Voy. Appx. 29; Fl. Bor.-Am. 1. 16. Spreng. Syst. 2. 650.
Schlecht. in Linn. 6. 578. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 20. Walp. Ann. 4.19. Seem.
Bot. Herald, 23. Lange, Pl. Grénl. 129. Hook. f., Jour. Linn. Soe. 1. 124 & 5. 82,
Arct. Pl. 283 & 812. Dickie, Jour. Linn. Soc. 3. r10. Rothr. Fl. Alaska, 442.

Var. natans. Regel, 1. c. Gray, Proc. Acad. Philad. 1863, 56. Porter, Fl.
Col. 3.
R. natans. C. A. Meyer, in Ledeb. FI. Alt. 2. 315 & Ic. Fl. Alt. t 114. Re-
ferred to R. radicans by Schlecht. 1. c. and by Hook. f. & Thomp., Fl. Ind.. 82.
R. hystriculus. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 7. 328.
R. Lapponicus, Linn. See syn. in DC. Syst. 1. 271.—Schlecht. Animad. 2. 11;
Linn. 6. 578. Richards. in Frankl. Journ. 14. Hook. in Parry’s 8d Voy. Appx.
121; Fl. Bor-Am. 1. 16. Hook. & Arn. Bot. Beechey, 121. Hornem. FI. Dan. 18,

20 RANUNCULACES. [Ranunculus.

t.2292. Ledeb. Fl. Ross. 1. 36. Seem. Bot. Herald, 23. Lange, Pl. Gronl. 129.
Aschers. Fl. Lab. in Flora, 43. 369. Rothr. Fl. Alaska, 442.

R. macranthus. Scheele in Linn. 21. 585. Torrey, Mex. Bound. 29. Watson,
King’s Rep. 5. 9. Coulter, Hayd. Rep. 1872, 759.

R. repens, var. macranthus. Gray, Pl. Lindh. 141; Pl. Wright. 1. 7, & 2. 8.

R. multifidus. Pursh, 736. Poir. Suppl. 4. 665. Bradbury, Cat. 337. DC: Syst:
1.270; Prodr. 1. 84. Spreng. Syst. 2.652. Bigel. Fl. Bost. 2 ed. 228. Torrey,
Compend. 227. Seringe, Melange Bot. 2. 58. Gray, Manual, 40. Lawson, Ra-
nune. Canad. 41. Watson, King’s Rep. 5. 8. Porter, Hayd. Rep. 1871, 477 5
Col. 3

LE fluviatilis. Bigel. Fl. Bost. 139, not Willd.

R. lacustris. Beck & Tracy, “N. Y. Med. & Phys. Teun 2. 112.” Eaton,
Manual, 4 ed. 424; Trans. Alb. Instit. 1. 148,t. 5. Paine, Pl. Oneida, 182.

R. Purshi. Torrey, Ann. Lyc. N. Y. 2.168; Fl. N. Y. 1.14. Hook. Fl. Bor.-
Am. 1. 15, t. 7, B. £1. Don, Mill. 1. 33. Schlecht. in Linn. 6. 578. Torr. & Gray,
Fl. 1.19. Hook. & Arn. Bot. Beechey, 121. Ledeb. Fl. Ross. 1. 35. Turez. in Fl.
Baic. 1.54. Dietr. Syn. 3. 318. Seem. Bot. Herald, 22. Newberry, Pac. R. Rep.
6.65. Parry, Pl. Minn. 608. Hook. f. in Jour. Linn. Soc. 1. 124; Arct. Pl. 288.
Lesqx. Fl. Ark. 346. Chapman, 8. Pl. Bourgeau, 254. Rothr. Fl. Alask. 442.

R. delphinifolius. Torrey in Eaton’s Manual, 4 ed. 424.

R. amphibius. James, Cat. 183; Long’s Exped. 2. 342 ?

R. Beckti. Don, Mill. 1. 39.

RR. radicans, var. y. multifidus. Regel, Fl. Ost-Sib. 1. 45, with syn.

Ware 3:

R. Purshit. Richards. Frankl. Journ. 13.

R. Purshii, var. y. Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am. 1. 15, t.'7,B.f. 2. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1.
20. Watson, King’s Rep. 5. 8.

R. limosus. Nutt. in Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 20. Walp. Rep. 1. 42. Dietr. Syn.
3. 318.

R. radicans, var. B. repens. Regel, 1. ¢., with syn.

Var. y. repens. Watson, King’s Rep. 5.8. Porter, Hayd. Rep. 1871, 477; FL.
Col. 38

R. Purshii, var. B. Richards. 1. e.

R. Purshii, var. 6. repens. Hook. 1. c. Torr. & Gray,1l.c. Gray, Proc. Acad.
Philad. 1863, 56.

R. Gmelini & Langsdorffii. DC. Prodr. 1. 34.

R. radicans. C. A. Mey. in Ledeb. Fl. Alt. 2. 316. Ledeb. Icon. t.116; Fl.

Ross. 1. 84, with syn. Regel, Fl. Ost-Sib. 1. 44, making this the typical form.
R. muricatus, Linn. Michx. Fl. 1. 821. Pursh, 395. Elliott, 2. 64. Hook.
Jour. Bot. 1. 187. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 24. Chapman, 7. Gray, Manual, 43.
Boland. Cat. 3

R. muricatus, var. Carolinus. DC. Prodr. 1. 42.

R. Nelsoni. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 8. 373. Coulter, Hayd. Rep. 1872, 759.

fh. recurvatus. Bong. Veg. Sitch. 128, not Poir.

R recurvatus, var. Nelsoni. DC. Syst. 1.290; Prodr. 1. 40. Hook. FI. Bor.-Am.
1. 20. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 23. Ledeb. Fl. Ross. 1. 44

R. occidentalis. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 22, in part.

R. occidentalis, var. parviflorus. Torrey, Bot. Wilkes, 214.

Var. tenellus. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 8. 374.
R. tenellus. Nutt. in Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 28. Walp. Rep. 1. 48. Dietr. Syn. 3.

Ranunculus.] RANUNCULACES. 21

323. Hook. in Lond. Jour. Bot. 6. 67. Cooper, Pac. R. Rep. 12. 55. Torrey, Bot.
Wilkes, 214.

R. nivalis, Linn. See syn. in DC. Syst. 1. 273 ; Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am. 1.17; Regel,
Fl. Ost-Sib. 1.39; Trauty. in Trud. Petr. Bot. Cada, 1. 48.— Schlecht. Animad.
Ranune. 2. 14; Linn. 6. 578. Hornem. Fl. Dan. 10, t. 1699. R. Br. in Parry’s
Ist Voy. Appx. 264 (Flora, 72, Beilage 68). Greville, Mem. Soc. Wern. 3. 430.
Richards. in Frankl. Journ. 2 ed. 24. Hook. in Trans. Lifin. Soc. 14. 861; Fl. Bor.-
Am. 1.17. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1.20. Hook. & Arn. Bot. Beechey, 121. Ledeb. FI.
Ross. 1.36. Seem. Bot. Herald, 23. Durand, Pl. Kane, 185. Lange, Pl. Gronl. 129.
Hook. f. in Jour. Linn. Soe. 1. 116 & 120; Arct. Pl. 283 & 312. Dickie, Jour. Linn.
Soc. 3. 110 & 11. 33. Gray, Am. Jour. Sci. 2. 38. 404. Rothr. Fl. Alask? 442.
Lawson, Ranunc. Canad. 389. Watson, King’s Rep. 5. 8.

R. frigidus. Willd. Spec. 2. 1312. Schlecht. Animad. Ranune. 2. 15. DC.
Prodr. 1. 35. Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am. 1.18. Seem. Bot. Herald, 54. Regel, Fl. Ost-
Sib. 1. 46, referring to it R. nivalis and other species.

R. altaicus, Laxm. Ledeb. Fl. Ross. 1. 37, with syn.

Var. sulphureus, Wahl. See DC. Prodr.; Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am.; Ledeb. FI.
Ross.; Trauty. 1]. ec. — Durand, Pl. Kane, 185.

R. sulphureus. Solander, Phipp’s Voy. 202. DC. Syst. 1. 274. Richards. in
Frankl. Journ. 14. Kept distinct by Malmgren in Seem. Jour. Bot. 2. 185.

Var. Eschscholtzii. Watson, King’s Rep. 5.8. Porter, Hayd. Rep. 1871, 477 ;
Fl. Col. 8. Coulter, Hayd. Rep. 1872, 759.
R. Eschscholtzii. Schlecht. Animad. Ranune. 2. 16, t. 1 (Spreng. Neue Entdeck.
2. 315); Linn. 6. 578. DC. Prodr. 1. 35. Spreng. Syst. 2. 651. Hook. Fl. Bor.-
Am. 1.18. Don, Mill. 1. 34. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1.21. Dietr. Syn. 3. 319. Seem.
Bot. Herald, 23. Gray, Am. Jour. Sci. 2. 33. 241 & 404; Proc. Acad. Philad. 1863,
56. Pl. Bourgeau, 254. Rothr. Fl. Alask. 442.

R. Nuttallii. Gray, Proc. Acad. Philad. 1863, 56. Porter, Fl. Col. 3.
Cyrtorhyncha ranunculina. Nutt.; Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 26. Dietr. Syn. 3. 348.

R. oblongifolius. Elliott, 2. 58. Seringe, Melange Bot. 2. 69. Torrey, Pac. R.
Rep. 4.62. Gray, Manual, 41; Hall’s Pl. Tex. 3. Young, Fl. Tex. 144.

R. Flammula. Michx. Fl. 1. 321.

R. pusillus, var. 6. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1.17. Chapman, 7.

R. Texensis. Engelm. Pl. Lindh. 2, Walp. Ann. 2. 10. Wood, Cl.-Book, 206.
Young, Fl. Tex. 144.
R. occidentalis. Nutt. in Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 22, excl. syn. Walp. Rep. 1. 43.
Dietr. Syn. 3. 828. Newberry, Pac. R. Rep. 6. 65. Cooper, Pac. R. Rep. 12. 55.
Rothr. Fl. Alask. 442. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 8. 874.

R. hispidus. Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am. 1. 19, in part.

Var. canus. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 8. 374.

f. canus. Benth. Pl. Hartw. 294. Walp. Ann. 2.7. Gray, Pl. Lindh. 142.
R. orthorhynchus. Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am. 1. 21, t. 9. Cham. in Linn. 6. 579,
Don, Mill. 1.39. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 24. Dietr. Syn. 8. 825. Cooper, Pac. R.
Rep. 12. 55. Watson, King’s Rep. 5. 9, excl. var. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 8. 373.
Torrey, Bot. Wilkes, 214. :

th. dichotomus. Moc. & Sess. in DC. Syst. 1. 283; Prodr. 1.39. Cham. &
Schlecht. in Linn. 5. 210. Schlecht. in Linn. 6. 579 & 10. 283.

L. ornithorhynchus. Walp. Rep. 1. 48. Peyritsch in Linn. 80. 52.
R. palmatus. Elliott, 2. 60. Seringe, Melange Bot. 2.68. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1.
658. Chapman, 8.

bo
bo

RANUNCULACE. [Ranunculus,

R. Carolinianus. ‘Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 28, excl. syn.; not DC.

R. Pallasii. Schlecht. Animad. Ranune. 1. 15, t. 2 (Spreng. Neue Entdeck. 2.
314); Linn. 6. 577. Spreng. Syst. 2. 649. Seringe, Melange Bot. 2. 538. Hook. FI.
Bor.-Am. 1. 10. Don, Mill. 1.382. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1.17. Ledeb. Fl. Ross. 1. 81.
Dietr. Syn. 3. 817. Seem. Bot. Herald, 22. Ascherson, Fl. Lab. in Flora, 43. 369.
Hook. f. Arct. Pl. 288. Rothr. Fl. Alask. 442.
R. varvirrores, Linn. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1.25 & 659, in part. Chapman,7. Gray,
Manual, 48; Hall’s Pl. Tex. 3. Grisebach, Fl. Br. W. Ind. 2.

2. trachyspermus. Elliott, 2. 65; not Engelm. Seringe, Melange Bot. 2. 67.
Hook. Jour. Bot. 1. 187.

R. Pennsylvanicus. Linn. f., Suppl. 272. Willd. Spec. 2. 1828. Poir. Dict. 6.
120. Barton, Comp. Fl. Phil. 2. 25. Smith in Rees Cyc. n. 46. DC. Syst. 1.
290; Prodr. 1.40. Richards. in Frankl. Journ. 13. Elliott, 2. 68. Seringe, Me-
lange Bot. 2. 64. Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am. 1.19; Lond. Jour. Bot. 6. 67. Torr. & Gray,
Fl. 1.22. Dietr. Syn. 3.323. Torrey, Fl. N. Y. 1.15; Bot. Wilkes, 214. Chapman, 8.
Hook. f. Arct. Pl. 288. Gray, Manual, 42. Lawson, Ranunc. Canad. 35. Porter,
Hayd. Rep. 1870, 472.

R. Canadensis. Jacq. Misc. 2. 843; Icon. Rar. 1. 11, t. 105.

R. trifolius. Moench, Suppl. 70. Barton, Prodr. Fl. Phil. 60.

R. hispidus. Pursh, 398.

Rh. hirsutus. Curtis in Eaton’s Manual, 4 ed. 424 2
R. pusillus. Poir. Dict. 6.99. Pursh, 392. Smith, Rees Cye.n.6. DC. Syst.
1. 249; Prodr. 1. 32. Deless. Icon. 1. 7, t. 28. KHlliott, 2, 57. Spreng. Syst. 2.
648. Don, Mill. 1.31. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1.17, in part. Nees, Pl. Wied, 3. Tor-
rey, Fl. N. Y. 1.12. Chapman, 7, in part. Gray, Manual, 41. Lawson, Ranune.
Canad. 41.

RL. Flammila. Walt. Fl. Car. 159.

R. humilis. Persoon, 2. 102.
R. pygmeeus, Wahl. See syn. in DC. Syst. 1. 2738.—Pursh, 393. Schlecht.
Animad. Ranune. 2. 12; Linn. 6. 578. Richards. in Frankl. Journ. 14. Seringe,
Melange Bot. 2.59. Meyer, Pl. Lab. 97. Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am. 1. 16. Don, Mill. 1.
34. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 20. Hook. & Arn. Bot. Beechey, 121 & 312. Seem. Bot.
Herald, 23. Lange, Pl. Gronl. 129. Regel, Fl. Ost-Sib. 1. 46. Hooks. f. Arct. Pl.
283 & 312. Rothr. Fl. Alask. 442. Lawson, Ranune. Canad. 39. Trauty. Trud.
Petr. Bot. Cada, 1.47. Porter, Fl. Col. 3.

Rk. Sabinii. R. Br. in Parry’s 1st Voy. Appx. 264 (Flora, 7°, Beil. 69). Seringe,
Melange Bot. 2. 59. Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am. 1.17. Don, Mill. 1. 84. Torr. & Gray,
Fl. 1.20. Walp. Rep. 1.48. Dietr. Syn. 8. 319. Durand, Pl. Kane, 185.

R. recurvatus. Poir. Dict. 6. 128. Pursh, 294. Smith, Rees Cyc. n. 67.
Deless. Icon. 1. 11, t. 41. DC. Syst. 1. 290, excl. var. Nelsoni; Prodr. 1. 39.
Schlecht. Animad. 2. 28; Linn. 6. 579. Elliott, 2. 63. Spreng. Syst. 2. 650.
Seringe, Melange Bot. 2. 64. Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am. 1. 20, excl. vars.; Jour. Bot. 1.
187. Don, Mill. 1. 38. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 22 & 658. Ledeb. Fl. Ross. 1. 44,
excl. 8. Dietr. Syn. 8. 318. Torrey, Fl. N. Y. 1. 16. Chapman, 8. Gray, Man-
ual, 42; Proce. Am. Acad. 8. 374.

L. lanuginosus. Walt. Fl. Car. 159.

R. leptopetalus. Raf. Fl. Lud. 83 2

R. saniculeformis. Muhl. Cat. 56. Walp. Rep. 2. 740.

h. fascicularis. Spreng. Neue Entdeck. 1. 228, excl. syn.

R. repens, Linn. See syn. in DC. Syst. 1. 285; Ledeb. Fl. Ross. 1. 48 & 733. —

Ranunculus.| RANUNCULACEZ. 93

Pursh, 394. Elliott, 2.60. Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am. 1. 19. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 21 &
658. Torrey, Fl. N. Y. 1.14; Nicol. Rep. 144; Pac. R. Rep. 4. 62; Bot. Wilkes,
215. Parry, Pl. Minn. 609. Gray, Pac. R. Rep. 12.40; Manual, 43. Chapman, 8.
Lesqx. Fl. Ark. 346. Hook. f. Arct. Pl. 288. Pl. Bourgeau, 263. Lawson, Ra-
nune. Canad. 34. Boland. Cat. 3. Watson, King’s Rep. 5.9. Porter, Hayd. Rep.
1870, 472; 1871, 477. Coulter, Hayd. Rep. 1872, 759. Brewer, Bot. Calif. 1. 8.

R. prostratus. Poir. Dict. 6.118. Eaton, Manual, 5 ed. 858.

R. tomentosus. Poir. Dict. 6.127. Pursh, 394. Smith, Rees Cye. n. 65. DC.
Syst. 1. 292; Prodr. 1.40. Spreng. Neue Entdeck. 1. 287; Syst. 2. 653. Elliott, 2.
64. Don, Mill. 1.39. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 23. Dietr. Syn. 8. 324.

RK. lanuginosus, var. y. Poir. Dict. 6.109. Pursh, 394.

R. intermedius. Faton, Manual, 3 ed. 424.

R. Clintonii?. Beck, Flora, 9. Paine, Cat. Pl. Oneida, 55.

Var. hispidus. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 658. Nees, Pl. Wied, 3. Torrey, Nicol. Rep.
144; Mex. Bound. 30. Chapman, 8.

R. hispidus. Michx. Fl. 1.321. Poir. Dict. 6. 110. Smith, Rees Cyc. n. 69.
DC. Syst. 1. 289; Prodr. 1. 39. Schlecht. Animad. Ranune. 2. 28. Elliott, 2. 52.
Spreng. Syst. 2.655. Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am. 1. 19, in part. Don, Mill. 1. 388. Torr.
& Gray, Fl. 1. 22. Dietr. Syn. 8. 328. Hook. f. Arct. Pl. 283.

R. Marilandicus. Poir. Dict. 6. 126. Pursh, 394. Smith, Rees Cye. n. 66.
DC. Syst. 1. 291; Prodr. 1.40. Schlecht. Animad. Ranunc. 2. 31. Spreng. Syst.
2.656. Don, Mill. 1. 89. Dietr. Syn..3. 324.

Rt. Pennsylvanicus & philonotis. Pursh, 393.

R. fascicularis. Barton, Comp. Fl. Phil. 2. 25, not Bigel.. Muhl. Cat. 56 2
Schlecht. Animad. Ranune. 2. 30, t.2; Linn. 5. 210. Seringe, Melange Bot. 2. 64.

vt. Schlechtendahli. Wook. Fl. Bor.-Am. 1. 21. Graham in Edinb. Phil. Jour.
1829, 188. Don, Mill. 1. 38. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1.24 & 659. Walp. Rep. 1. 43.
Dietr. Syn. 3. 324.

2 R. Hookert. Schlecht. in Linn. 9.610. Dietr. Syn. 3. 321. Peyricht in Linn.
380. 51.

R. repens, var. Marilandicus. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 31. Torrey, Mex.
Bound. 30.

Var. nitidus. Chapman, 8.

R. lucidus. Poir. Dict. 6. 113.

4 R. septentrionalis. Poir. Dict. 6.123. Pursh, 894. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 25.

R. nitidus. Muhl. Cat. 2 ed. 56, not Walt. Elliott, 2. 60. Seringe, Melange
Bot. 2.63. Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am. 1. 20. Don, Mill. 1. 89. Dietr. Syn. 3. 824.

R. Carolinianus. DC. Syst. 1. 292; Prodr. 1.40. Schlecht. Animad. Ranunc.
2.51. Elliott, 2.62. Spreng. Syst. 2. 656. \

R. Belvisii. DC. Syst. 1.291; Prodr. 1. 40. Spreng. Syst. 2. 655. Don, Mill.

39:
R. rhomboideus. Goldie in Edinb. Phil. Jour. 6. 829 (1822), t. 11, fig. 1. Rich-
ards. in Frankl. Journ. 13. Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am. 1.12. Don, Mill. 1. 83. Torr. &
Gray, Fl. 1.18. Walp. Rep. 1. 42. Dietr. Syn. 3.317. Pl. Bourgeau, 254. Gray,
Manual, 42. Lawson, Ranunc. Canad. 36.

R. ovalis. Raf. in Jour. Bot. 1814, 268. Poir. Suppl. 5. 778. DC. Prodr. 1. 43.
Graham, Edinb. Phil. Jour. 1829, 188. Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am. 1. 12, t. 6, fig. B.
Don, Mill. 1. 88. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1.18. Walp. Rep. 1.42. Dietr. Syn. 3. 318.

R. brevicaulis. Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am. 1. 18, t. 7, fig. A; Lond. Jour. Bot. 6. 66.
Don, Mill. 1.29. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1.18. Walp. Rep. 1. 42. Dietr. Syn. 3. 314.

R. sceleratus, Linn. See syn. in DC. Syst. 1. 298; Schlecht. Animad. Ranunce.

24 RANUNCULACE. [Ranunculus.
2.10; Ledeb. Fl. Ross. 1.45 & 733.—Pursh, 393. Richards. in Frankl. Journ.
14. DC. Prodr. 1. 34. Elliott, 2. 59. Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am. 1. 15; Lond. Jour.
Bot. 6.66. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 19: \ Torrey, Fl NSY¥eue 3;
. Frem. Rep. 87. Chapman, 8. Pl. Bourgeau, 254. Hook. f. Arct. Pl. 283. Gray,
Manual, 42. Lawson, Ranunc. Canad. 388. Watson, King’s Rep. 5. 8. Porter,
Hayd. Rep. 1870, 472; Fl. Col. 3.

R. trachyspermus. Engelm. in Pl. Lindh. 8, not Ell. Walp. Ann. 2.10. Torrey,
Mex. Bound. 29. Gray; Hall’s Pl. Tex. 3.

Nicol. Rep. 144 ;

Var. Lindheimeri. Engelm.1.c. Torrey, Pac. R. Rep. 4. 62.

R. acris; Californicus.

afjfims ; auricomus.

alismeefolius ; ambigens.

Altaicus; nivalis.

amenus ; adoneus, affinis.

amphibius ; multifidus.

arcticus & auricomus ; affinis.

Beckii ; multifidus.

Belvisti ; repens.

brevicaulis ; rhomboideus.

ceespitosus ; affinis.

Canadensis ; Pennsylvanicus.

canus ; Californicus, occidentalis.

cardiophyllus ; affinis.

Carolinianus ; palmatus, repens.

Cassubicus ; auricomus.

Chamissonis ; glacialis.

Clintonii ; repens.

delphinifolius ; Californicus, multifi-
dus.

dichotomus ; orthorhynchus.

dissectus ; Californicus.

divaricatus ; aquatilis.

Eschscholtzii ; affinis, nivalis.

Juscicularis ; Californicus, recurvatus,
repens.

Ficaria; Caltha palustris.

Jilijormis ; Flammula.

Flammula; ambigens, oblongifolius,
pusillus.

Jluviatilis ; aquatilis, multifidus.

Srigidus ; nivalis.

glaberrimus ; alismeefolius.

Gmelin’ ; multifidus.

halophilus ; Cymbalaria.

heterophyllus ; aquatilis.

hirsutus ; Pennsylvanicus.

hispidus ; occidentalis, Pennsylvan-
icus, repens.

Hookeri ; repens.

humilis ; pusillus.

R. hydrocharis ; aquatilis.

intermedius ; repens.

lacustris & Langsdor fii ; multifidus.

lanuginosus ; recurvatus, repens.

leptopetalus ; recurvatus.

limosus ; multifidus.

Lingua ; ambigens.

lucidus & Marylandicus ; repens.

micranthus ; abortivus.

natans ; hyperboreus.

nitidus ; abortivus, repens.

occidentalis ; Nelsoni.

orthorhynchus ; adoneus.

ovalis ; rhomboideus.

pantothrix ; aquatilis.

parviflorus ; hebecarpus.

pedatifidus ; affinis, Hookeri.

Pennsylvaneus, philonotis & prostratus ;
repens.

Purshii ; multifidus.

pusillus ; oblongifolius.

radicans ; hyperboreus, multifidus.

recurvatus ; Nelsoni.

repens ; macranthus.

reptans ; Flammula.

Robini ; ambigens.

Sabinii ; pygmeus.

salsuginosus ; Cymbalaria.

saniculeformis ; recurvatus.

sarmentosus ; Cymbalaria.

Schlechtendahlii & septentrionalis; re-
pens.

_sulphureus ; nivalis.

tenellus ; Nelsoni.

Texensis ; oblongifolius.
tomentosus ; repens.
trachyspermus ; parviflorus.
tridentatus ; Cymbalaria.
trifolius ; Pennsylvanicus.
tuberosus ; Hornemanni.

4

Thalictrum.} RANUNCULACES. 25

THALICTRUM alpinum, Linn. See syn. in DC. Syst. 1. 175; Ledeb. Fl. Ross
1.6; Regel, Uebers. Thalict. 15.— Bot. Mag. t. 2237. Schlecht. in Linn. 6. 572.
Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 39. Hook. & Arn. Bot. Beechey, 120. Walp. Ann. 4. 11.
Seem. Bot. Herald, 23. Lange, Pl. Grénl. 128. Hook. f. in Jour. Linn. Soe. 1.
116; Arct. Pl. 283.. Wood, Cl.-Book, 204. Gray, Am. Jour. Sci. 2. 33. 241;
Proc. Acad. Philad..1868, 56. Rothr. Fl. Alask. 442. Lawson, Ranunc. Canad. 33.
Watson, King’s Rep. 5.4. Porter, Fl. Col. 1.

T. anemonoides. Michx. Fl. 1. 822. DC. Syst. 1. 186; Prodr. 1. 15. Elliott,
2. 52. Spreng. Syst. 2. 674. Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am. 1.4. Sweet, Brit. Fl. Gard.
2 ser.t.150. Darling. FL Cestr. 333. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 39. Nees, PJ. Wied, 3.
Dietr. Syn. 3. 848. Torrey, Fl. N. Y. 1.24. Gray, Genera, 1. 24,t.6; Manual,
88. Parry, Pl. Minn. 608. Lemaire, L’Ill. Hort. 6, t. 211. Chapman, 6.

Anemone thalictroides. Linn. Spec. 542. Hill, Veg. Syst. 25, t. 45, fig. 5. Lam.
Dict. 1. 168. Ait. Hort. Kew. 2. 257. Willd. Spec. 2. 1284; Hort. Berol. t. 44.
Juss. in Ann. Mus. 3. 249, t. 21. Sims, Bot. Mag. t. 866. Persoon, 2. 98. Poir.
Suppl. 1. 363. Pursh, 387. Barton, Fl. N. Am. 2. 27, t. 44. Lodd. Bot. Cab,
_ t. 770 & 964. Don, Mill. 1. 15.

Syndesmon thalictroides. Hoffmansegg in Flora, 1832, Intell. Blatt. 34. Lawson,
Ranune. Canad. 31.

Anemonella thalictroides. Spach, Hist. Veg. 7. 240.

©. clavatum. DC. Syst. 1. 171; Prodr: 1. 12. Deless. Icon. Sel. 1. 2, €. 6.
Spreng. Syst. 2.670. Don, Mill. 1.11. Gray, Am. Jour. Sci. 42. 17 (Lond. Jour.
Bot. 1. 223) ; Genera, 1. 24, t. 6; Proc. Acad. Philad. 1863, 56; Manual, 39. Dietr.
Syn. 3. 388. Chapman, 6. Wood, Bot. & Fl. 19.

T. filipes. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 38. Walp. Rep. 1. 18. Dietr. Syn. 8. 342.
Wood, Cl.-Book, 204.
T. Cornuti. Linn. Eber: 545. Hill, Veg. Syst. 24, t. 7, fig. 4. Ait. Hort. Kew.
2. 262. Willd. Spec. 2. 1296. Poir. Dict. 5. 319. Pursh, 388. Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am.
otra Done Mall Ih ime part) Vor. & Gray, Kl) 33) im) part; Pace R:
Rep. 2. 125. Torrey, Fl. N. Y. 1. 23, in part; Frem. Rep. 87; Emory’s Rep.
406. Gray, Pl. Fendl. 5; Pac. R. Rep. 12. 40;. Manual, 89. Chapman, 5. Lesqx.
Fi. Ark. 346. Parry, Pl. Minn. 608. Pl. Bourgeau, 254. Lawson, Ranunce.
Canad. 31.

T. confertum. Moench, 297.

T. discolor, Willd. Enum. Appx. 46. Spreng. Pl. Min. Cog. 1. 39.

T. crenatum. Desf. “ Cat. h. Par. 2 ed. 126.”

T. rugosum. Pursh, 388. DC. Syst. 1. 185; Prodr. 1. 14. Elliott, 2. 51.

T. Carolinianum. Bose. in DC. Syst. 1. 174; Prodr. 1. 12. Elliott, 2. 51.
Spreng. Syst. 2.671. Don, Mill. 1. 12.

T. cor ks DC. Syst. 1.172; Prodr. 1.12. Richards. in Frankl. Journ. 12.
Spreng. Syst. 2.671. Seem. Bot. Herald, 50.

? T. leucostemon. Koch & Bouche, Ind. Sem. Berol. 1854, 13. Walp. Ann. 4. 12.
T. dasycarpum. Fisch. & Lall. in Ind. Sem. Petr. 1841, 72 (Litt. Ber. zu Linn.
1841, 175), in part. ~ Walp. Rep. 1. 18.

T. Cornuti, B. Fisch. & Mey. Ind. Sem. Petr. 7. 34.
T. debile. Buckley, Am. Jour. Sci. 45.175. Gray, Pl. Wright, 2. 8. ee
5. Young, Fl. Tex. 142.— Var. Texanum. Gray in Hall’s Pl. Tex. 3
T. dioicum. Linn. Spec. 545. Ait. Hort. Kew. 2. 262. Moench, 297. Willd.
Spec. 2. 1296. Poir. Dict. 5. 320. Pursh, 388. DC. Syst. 1.178; Prodr. 1. 12.
Elliott, 2.50. Hook. Fl. Bor-Am. 1. 13; Lond. Jour. Bot. 6. 68. Don, Mill. 1.
12. Nuttall, Jour. Acad. Philad. 7.7% Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 88. Dietr. Syn. 3.

26 RANUNCULACE. [Thalictrum,

389. Torrey, Fl. N. Y. 1. 23; Nicol. Rep. 144; Pac. R. Rep. 4. 61. Seem. Bot.
Herald, 50. Newberry, Pac. R. Rep. 6. 65. Hook. f. Arct. Pl. 288. Chapman,
5. Pl. Bourgeau, 254. Gray, Manual, 89. Lawson, Ranune. Canad. 82. Bo-
land. Cat. 3.
T. levigatum. Michx. Fl. 1. 822. Persoon, 2. 100.
T Fendleri. Engelm.; Gray, Pl. Fendl. 5; Pl. Wright. 2. 7; Am. Jour. Sci.
. 83. 241; Proc. Acad. Philad. 1868, 56. Walp. Ann. 2.5. Torrey, Sitgr. Rep.
155; Mex. Bound. 29. Boland. Cat. 3. Anderson, Cat. Pl. Nev. 117. Watson,
King’s Rep. 5. 4. Porter, Hayd. Rep. 1871, 477; Fl. Col. 2. Coulter, Hayd. Rep.
1872, 758.
¢ T. megacarpum. Torrey, Frem. Rep. 87.
Var. polycarpum. Torrey, Pac. R. Rep. 4. 61.
T. Kemense. Fries, Fl. Hall. 1. 94. Ledeb. Fl. Ross. 1. 18. Walp. Rep.
1.11. Maxim. Fl. Amur. 16. Regel, Uebers. Thalict. 36, t. 3, fig. 2 & 3,
with syn.
T. majus. Schlecht. in Linn. 6.578% Hook. & Arn. Bot. Beechey, 111?
T. minus, Linn., var. majus. Miquel, Prol. Fl. Jap. 191.
T nudicaule. Schwein.; Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 89. Walp. Rep. 1. 13. Dietr.
Syn. 3. 343. Chapman, 6.
T. occidentale. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 8. 372.
T. dioicum, var. oxycarpum. Torrey, Bot. Wilkes, 212 4
T. purpurascens. Linn. Spec. 546. Hill, Veg. Syst. 24, t. 8, fig. 4 Willd.
Spec. 2. 1299. Poir. Dict. 5. 319. Ait. f. Hort. Kew. 3. 348. Spreng. Pl. Min.
Cog. 1. 38. Pursh, 889. DC. Syst. 1. 174; Prodr. 1. 12. Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am. 1. 3.
Don, Mill. 1.12. Gray, Manual, 39; Hall’s Pl. Tex. 3. Lawson; Ranune. Canad.
82. Porter, Fl. Col. 1.
T. rugosum. Ait. Hort. Kew. 2. 262% Willd. Spec. 2. 1298. Poir. Dict.
5.319. Spreng. 1c. 1.88; Syst.2. 678. Torrey, Compend. 223. Don, Mill. 1. 14.
T. polygamum. Muhl. Ind. Fl. Lane. 172; Cat. 2 ed. 56. Spreng. Syst. 2. 671.
T. pubescens. Pursh, 888.
T. revolutum. DC. Syst. 1. 173; Prodr. 1. 12. Elliott, 2. 49. Spreng. Syst.
aol te
T. Cornuti. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 38, in part. Torrey, Fl. N. Y. 1. 24, in part.
Var. ceriferum. Austin; Gray’s Manual, 39. Gray, Hall’s Pl. Tex. 3.
T. sparsiflorum. Turcz. in Ind. Sem. Petr. 1. 40 (Ann. Sci. Nat. 2. 4. 332;
Litt. Ber. zu Linn. 10. 105) ; Fl. Baic. 1.27. Ledeb. Fl. Ross. 1. 5 & 726. Walp. Rep.
1.12 &18. Maxim. Fl. Amur. 12. Regel, Uebers. Thalict. 8, t. 1. Gray, .Pl.
Wright, 2.8; Am. Jour. Sci. 2. 88. 241; Proce. Acad. Philad. 1863, 56. Watson,
King’s Rep. 5.4. Porter, Hayd. Rep. 1870, 472; Fl. Col. 1.
T. clavatum. Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am. 1. 2; not DC. Don, Mill. 1.11. Torr. &
Gray, Fl. 1.37. Lawson, Ranune. Canad. 33.
T. Richardsonii. Gray, Am. Jour. Sci. 42. 17 (Lond. Jour. Bot. 1. 228).
T. Wrightii. Gray, Pl. Wright. 2.7. Walp. Ann. 4. 12.

T. Carolinianum ; T. Cornuti; Anemone | 7’. discolor ; Cornuti.

Walteri. Jilipes ; clavatum.
clavatum ; sparsiflorum. levigatum ; dioicum.
Cornuti ; dasycarpum, purpurascens. leucostemon ; Cornuti.
corynellum & crenatum ; Cornuti. majus & minus; Kemense.

divicum ; occidentale. palmatum ; Trautvetteria palmata.

eli, ie,

Thalictrum. Crossosoma.| RANUNCULACEZ. on

T. polygamum & pubescens ; purpurascens. | JT. Richardsonii ; sparsiflorum.
ranunculinum ; Trautvetteria palmata. rotundifolium ; Trautvetteria palmata.
revolutum ; purpurascens. rugosum ; Cornuti, purpurascens.

TRAUTVETTERIA palmata. Fisch. & Mey. Ind. Sem. Petr. 1. 22 (Litt. Ber.
zu Linn. 10. 82; Ann. Sci. Nat. 2. 4. 835). Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 37. Spach, Hist.
Veg. 7. 234. Walp. Rep. 1. 59. Ledeb. Fl. Ross. 1. 741. Gray, Genera, 1. 26,
t.7; Manual, 40. Chapman, 6. Baillon, Hist. Pl. 1. 86 (under Ranunculus).

Hydrastis Caroliniensis. Walt. Fl. Car. 156.

Cimicifuga palmata. Michx. Fl. 1. 316. Poir. Suppl. 2. 26. Lam. Ill. 3. 34,
t. 500. Pursh, 373. Sims, Bot. Mag. t. 1630. Elliott, 2. 17. Spreng. Zs st.
2. 628. Don, Mill. 1. 64.

Thalictrum ranunculinum. Muhl. in Willd. Enum. 585. Pursh, 389. DC. Syst.
1. 186; Prodr. 1.15. Elliott, 2.52. Don, Mill. 1. 14.

yee astis Canadensis. Poir. Suppl. 3. 71, not Linn.

Actea palmata. DC. Syst. 1. 883. Dietr. Syn. 38. 283.

Thalictrum palmatum. Spreng. Syst. 2. 674.

Thalictrum Japonicum. Zieb. & Zuce., f. Miquel,,Prol. Fl. Jap. 192.

Var. occidentalis. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 8. 372.

T. grandis. Nuttallin Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 87. Walp. Rep. 1. 60. Torrey,
Bot. Wilkes, 218.

Actea palmata. Hook. FI. Bor.-Am. 1. 26, excl. syn.

Actea grandis. Dietr. Syn. 38. 293.

TROLLIUS laxus. Salisb. in Trans. Linn. Soc. 8. 303 (1803). Pursh, 391. Gray,
Ann. Lye. N. Y. 8.. 222; Genera, 1. 34, t.11; Manual, 44. Torr. & Gray, Fi. 1.
28. Torrey, Fl. N. Y. 1. 18, t.3; Bot. Wilkes, 215. Lawson, Ranune. Canad. 46.
Watson, King’s Rep. 5. 10. Porter, Hayd. Rep. 1870, 473 ; 1871, 477. Coulter,
Hayd. Rep. 1872, 759.

T. Americanus. Muhl. Ind. Fl. Lane. 172 (1791); Cat. 2 ed. 56. Lodd. Bot.
Cab. t. 56. Sims, Bot. Mag. t.1988. DC. Syst. 1. 313; Prodr. 1. 46. Spreng.
Syst. 2.658. Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am. 1. 28. Don, Mill. 1. 45. Spach, Hist. Veg. 7.
299. Ledeb. Fl. Ross. 1. 51. Turcz. Fl. Baic. 1. 63. Dietr. Syn. 8. 836. Regel
& Til. Fl. Ajan. 34. Regel, Fl. Ost-Sib. 1. 56.

Var. albiflorus. Gray, Am. Jour. Sci. 2. 83. 241; Proc. Acad. Philad. 1863, 57.

XANTHORRHIZA apiifolia. L’Her. Stirp. 79, t.38 (Ehrh. Beitrage, 6.128).
Ait. Hort. Kew. 1. 399. Willd. Spec. 1. 1568. Barton, Elem. Bot. Appx. 24,
t.12. Michx. Fl.1.186. Nouv. Duham. 3. 181, t.37. Poir. Dict. 8. 838. Desf.
Arb. 1. 371. Sims, Bot. Mag. t. 1736. anes Mat. Med. 2. 11, t.46. Nuttall,
Genera, 1. 207. DC. Syst. 1. 886. Prodr. 1. 65. Elliott, 1. 876. Rom. & Schult.
Syst. 6. 801. Lam. Ill. 3. 444, t. 854. Torrey, Fl. U. S. 1. 833; Fl. N. Y. 1. 25.
Don, Mill. 1.65. Lindl. Fl. Med. 12. Spach, Hist. Veg. 7. 409. Torr. & Gray,
Fl. 1.40. Dietr. Syn. 2. 1087. Loud. Arbor. 1. 251, fig. 31. Gray, Genera, 1. 45,
t.17; Manual, 47. Curtis, Bot. N. Car. 104. Chapman, 11. Baillon, Hist. 1. 6,
f. 13-14.

Xanthorhiza simplicissima. Marshall, Arbust. 168.

Acteea dioica. Walt. Fl. Car. 152.

DILLENIACEZE (?).

CROSSOSOMA Californicum. Nutt. Pl. Gamb. in Journ. Acad. Philad. 2.1
150, t. 22, & Proc. 4.8. Torrey, Pac. R. Rep. t. 1, fig. 1, 2; Bot. Wilkes, 218

‘Watson, Proc. Am. Acad. 11.112. Brew. & Wats. Bot. Calif. 1. 13.

28 CALYCANTHACE. [Calycanthus. Ilicium.

CALYCANTHACEA.

CALYCANTHUS floridus. Linn. Spec. 2ed. 718. Lam. Dict. 1. 565; Il. 2. 551,
t. 445, f.1. Marsh. Arbust. 24. Ait. Hort. Kew. 2. 220. Willd. Spec. 2. 1119.
Bot. Mag. t. 503. Nouv. Duham. 1. 217, t. 47. Michx. Fl. 1. 305. Schkuhr,
Handb. t.138. Pursh, 857. Nutt. Genera, 1. 312. Elliott, 1.576. Guimp. Ott. &
Hayne, t.4. DC. Prodr. 3.2. Spreng. Syst. 2. 548. Mirbel, Ann. Sci. Nat. 1. 14.
367, t. 13 (stem). Don, Mill. 2.652. Spach, Hist. Veg. 4. 288. Audubon, Birds,
t. 393. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 475, excl. vars, Dietr. Syn. 8. 206. Schnizl. Icon.
t. 271. Agardh, Theor. Syst. t. 11, f. 11,12. Curtis, Bot. N. Car. 107. Lesqx.
Fl. Ark. 359. Chapman, 180. Gray, Struct. Bot. 417, £ 814-821; Manual, 163.
Baill. Hist. Pl. 1. 289, f. 306-308.
C. sterilis. Walt. Fl. Car. 151. Poir. Suppl. 2. 39.

Cc. glaucus. Willd. Hort. Berol. 80; Enum. 559. Pursh, 357. Poir. Suppl. 5. 591.
Nutt. Genera, 1. 312. Elliott, 1. 577. Guimp. Ott. & Hayne, t. 5. DC. Prodr.
3.2. Spreng. Syst. 2.544. Spach, Hist. Veg. 4. 282. Curtis, Bot. N. Car. 108.
Chapman, 130. Gray, Manual, 1638.

C. fertilis. Walt. Fl. Car. 151. Poir. Suppl. 2. 39. Ait. f. Hort. Kew. 3. 282.
Lindl. Bot. Reg. t.404. Don, Mill. 2. 652, f. 85.

C. floridus, var. glaucus. ‘Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1.475. Dietr. Syn. 3. 206.

C. levigatus. Willd. Hort. Berol. t.80; Enum. 559. Pursh, 358. Poir. Suppl.
5. 591. Nutt. Genera, 1. 812. Lindl. Bot. Reg. t. 481. Elliott, 1. 577. Torrey,
Fl. U. S. 501. Guimp. Ott. & Hayne, t. 6. DC. Prodr. 3.2. Spreng. Syst. 2.
544. Don, Mill. 2.652. Spach, Hist. Veg. 4. 282. Curtis, Bot. N. Car. 108. Chap-
man, 130. Baill. Hist. Pl. 1. 290, f. 309-311. Maout & Decne. 397, fig. Gray,
Manual, 163.

C. nanus. Nouv. Duham. 1. 219, t. 48.

C. ferax. Michx. Fl. 1. 305. — Loisel. Herb. Amat. t. 172»,

C. fertilis. Andr. Bot. Rep. 8, t. 539.

C. inodorus. Elliott, 1. 576. Spach, Hist. Veg. 4. 288.

C. floridus, vars. inodorus & levigatus. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1.475. Dietr. Syn.
3. 206.

C. occidentalis. Hook. & Arn. Bot. Beechey, 340, t. 84 Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1.
476. Dietr. Syn. 3. 206. Walp. Rep. 2. 60. Benth. Pl. Hartw. 309. Lindl. Jour.
Hort. Soc. 6. 218. Paxton, Fl. Gard. 2. 98, f. 184. Hook. Bot. Mag. t. 4808.
Revue Hort. 3. 8341 & t. Fl. des Serres, 11. 77, t. 1113. Torrey, Pac. R. Rep.
4. 86. Newberry, Pac. R. Rep. 6. 73. Kellogg, Proce. Calif. Acad. 1. 64. Baill.
Hist. Pl. 1. 292, f£ 312-313. Boland. Cat. 11. Brew. & Wats. Bot. Calif. 1. 191.

MAGNOLIACE#.

ILLICIUM Floridanum. Ellis, Phil. Trans. 60. 524, t.12. Linn. Mant. 1. 395
Lam. Dict. 1. 352; Ill. 3. 87, t.493,f.1. Gaert. Fruct. 1. 339, t.69. Ait. Hort.
Kew. 2. 250. Bot. Mag. t.439. Michx. F]. 1. 826. Nouv. Duham. 3. 190, t. 47.
Pursh, 880. Lodd. Bot. Cab. t. 209. DC. Syst. 1.441; Prodr. 1.77. “ Loisel.
Herb. Amat. t. 171’ Bigel. Am. Med. Bot. 3. 76, t. 48. Spreng. Syst. 2. 643.
Raf. Med. Bot. 2. 59, t. 54. Don, Mill. 1.79. Hook. Jour. Bot. 1.188. Lindl.
F]. Med. 25. Paxton, Mag. Bot. 5. 147 &t. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1.42. Spach, Hist:

Tiicium. Magnolia.] MAGNOLIACEZ. 99

Veg. 7.448. Dietr. Syn. 8. 810. Loud. Arbor. 1. 256, f 32. Gray, Genera, 1. 56,
t.21. Schnizl. Icon. t. 176, f. 22-27. Chapman, 138. Wood, Cl.-Book, 213 ; Bot.
& Fl. 24. Baill. Hist. Pl. 1. 555.
I. parviflorum. Vent. Hort. Cels. t. 22. Michx. Fl. 1.326. Nouv. Duham. 3.
190. Poir. Suppl. 1. 558. Ait. f. Hort. Kew. 3. 828. Pursh, 380. Loisel. Herb.
Amat. t. 330. DC. Syst. 1. 442; Prodr. 1. 77. Elliott, 2. 35. Spreng. Syst. 2.
644. Don, Mill. 1.79. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 42. Dietr. Syn. 8. 310. Loud. Arbor.
1. 259. Chapman, 18.. Wood, Cl.-Book, 218; Bot. & Fl. 24. Baill. Hist. Pl.
1. 151, f.191-194. Wright & Sauv. Fl. Cub. 2.

ZI. anisatum. Bartram, Trav. 24.

Cymbostemon parviflorus. Spach, Hist. Veg. 7. 448.
LIRIODENDRON Tulipifera. Linn. Spec. 535. Marsh. Arbust. 78. Wait. FL
Car. 158. Ait. Hort. Kew. 2.250. Gaert. Fruct. 2,t.178. Bot. Mag.t.275. Moench,
Meth. 222. Schkuhr. Handb. 2. 93, t. 147. Willd. Spec. 2. 1254. Michx. Fl. 1.
326. Nouv. Duham. 8. 62, t. 18. Poir. Dict. 8. 187; Il. 3. 36,t.491. St. Hil.
Pl. France, 8, t. 377. Kerner, Genera, t. 1. Michx. f. Arb. Am. 38. 202, t. 5.
Pursh, 382. Barton, Med. Bot. t.8. DC. Syst. 1.462; Prodr. 1. 82. Bigel. Med.
Bot. 2. 107,t. 31. James, Long’s Exp. 3. 36. Elliott, 2.40. Guimp. Otto & Hayne,
t.29. Spreng. Syst. 2. 642. Audubon, Birds, t.12. Don, Mill. 1. 86. Lindl. FI.
Med. 23. Spach, Hist. Veg. 7.488. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 44. Dietr. Syn. 3, 309.
Torr. Fl. N. Y. 1. 28. Loud. Arbor. 1. 284, t. 18, 14. Emerson, Trees of Mass.
529. Gray, Genera, 1. 64, t. 25; Manual, 50. Agardh, Syst. Pl. t. 11, f 2,3. Cur-
tis, Bot. N. Car. 77. Chapman, 14. Lemaire, L’Il. Hort. 15, t. 571. Baill. Hist.
Pl. 1. 143, £. 175-178. Ridgway, Am. Naturalist, 6. 663.

ZL. procerum. Salish. Prodr. 379.
MAGNOLIA acuminata. Linn. Spec. 2 ed. 756. Marsh. Arbust. 83. Walt. FI.
Car. 159. Ait. Hort. Kew. 2. 251. Lam. Dict. 3. 674. Willd. Spec. 2. 1257.
Michx. FI. 1. 828. Nouv. Duham. 2. 222. Michx. f. Arb. Am. 3. 82, t.3. Pursh,
881. DC. Syst. 1. 453; Prodr. 1. 80. Lodd. Bot. Cab. t. 418. Bot. Mag. t. 2427.
Elliott, 2. 87. Guimp. Otto & Hayne, t. 17%. Spreng. Syst. 2. 642. Don, Mill.
1. 88. “Reich. Fl. Exot. t. 251.” Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1.48. Dietr. Syn. 38. 308.
Torr. Fl. N. Y. 1. 28. Loud. Arbor. 1. 278, t. 7, 8. Curtis, Bot. N. Car. 67.
Chapman, 60. Gray, Manual, 49. Baill. Hist. Pl. 1. 140.

M. Virginiana, var. ¢. Linn. Spec. 536.

M. DeCandollii. “Savi, Bibl. Ital. 1. 224 & t.”

Tulipastrum Americanum. Spach, Hist. Veg. 7. 483.

M. cordata. Michx. Fl. 1. 328. Ait. f. Hort. Kew. 8. 3381. Poir. Suppl. 8. 574.
Michx. f. Arb. Am. 3. 87, t.4. Pursh, 382. Bot. Reg. 4, t. 325. Nutt. Genera,
2.18. DC. Syst. 1. 455; Prodr. 1. 80. Lodd. Bot. Cab. t. 474. Spreng. Syst.
2. 642. Don, Mill. 1. 88. “Reich. Fl. Exot. t. 250.” Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 438.
Dietr. Syn. 3. 308. Loud. Arbor. 1. 275, t.9. Curtis, Bot. N. Car. 68. Chapman,
14. Wood, Cl.-Book, 214; Bot. & Fl. 25.

Tulipastrum Americanum, var. subeordatum. Spach, Hist. Veg. 7. 483.

M. Fraseri. Walt. Fl. Car. 159,t. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 43. Walp. Rep. 1. 70.
Dietr. Syn. 3. 308. Curtis, Bot. N. Car. 68. Chapman, 14. Gray, Manual, 49.
Wood, Bot. & Fl. 25.

M. auriculata. Lam. Dict. 8. 673. Bartram, Trav. 339. Willd. Spee. 2. 1258.
Michx. Fl. 1. 828. Nouv. Duham. 2. 222. Andr. Bot. Rep. 9, t. 573. Bot. Mag.
t. 1206. “Cubier. Mem. Magn. & t.” Ait. f. Hort. Kew. 38. 332. Pursh, 382.
Nutt. Genera, 2. 18; Sylv. 1. 84. DC. Syst. 1. 454; Prodr. 1. 80. Elliott, 2. 39.

30 MAGNOLIACE. [Maegnolia.

Spreng. Syst. 2. 642. Audubon, Birds, t.38. Don, Mill. 1. 88. Hook. Jour. Bot.
1.188. Spach, Hist. Veg. 7.477. Loud. Arbor. 1. 276, t. 10.

M. pyramidata. Bartr. Trav. 340. Pursh, 882. DC. Syst. 1. 454; Prodr. 1. 80.
Bot. Reg. 5, t. 407. Lodd. Bot. Cab. t. 1092. Raf. Med. Bot. 2. 82. Don, Mill.
1.88. Loud. Arbor. 1. 277, t. LL.

M. auricularis. Salisb. Parad. Lond. 1, t.43. ‘ Kerner, Hort. t. 360.”

M. glauca. Linn. Spec. 2. ed. 755. Marsh. Arbust. 83. Walt. Fl. Car. 158.
Lam. Dict. 8. 674. Ait. Kew. 2. 251. Moepch, Meth. 274. Willd. Spec. 2. 1256.
Schkuhr, Handb. 2. 1441, t. 148. Michx. Fl. 1. 827. Nouv. Duham. 2. 223,
t.66. Bonpl. Pl. Malm. 103, t. 42. Michx. f. Arb. Am. 3. 77, t.2. Pursh,
881. Bigel. Fl. Bost. 189; Med. Bot. 2. 67, t.27. Barton, Med. Bot. t.7. Lodd.
Bot. Cab. t. 215. DC. Syst. 1. 452; Prodr. 1. 80. Bot. Mag. t. 2164. Spreng.
Syst. 2. 642. Audubon, Birds, t. 118. Don, Mill. 1. 82. Hook. Jour. Bot. 1. 188.
“ Reich. Fl. Exot. 5. 87, t. $42.” Lindl. Fl. Med. 23. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 42.
Spach, Hist. Veg. 7. 473. Dietr. Syn. 3. 808. Torrey, Fl. N. Y. 1. 27,t.5. Loud.
Arbor. 1. 267, t. 3, 4 Emerson, Trees Mass. 527. Gray, Genera, 1. 61, t. 23;
Struct. Bot. 881, f. 651-653; Manual, 49. Schnizl. Icon. t. 176, figs. Curtis,
Bot. N. Car. 66. Chapman, 138. Lesqx. Fl. Ark. 347.

M. Virginiana, var. a. glauca. Linn. Spec. 535.

M. fragrans. Salisb. Prodr. 879. Raf. Fl. Lud. 91; Med. Bot. 2. 32.

M. longifolia. Sweet, Hort. Brit. 11. Don, Mill. 1. 88. Dietr. Syn. 3. 308.

Var. pumila. Nutt. in Am. Jour. Sci. 5. 295.

M. grandiflora. Linn. Spec. 2 ed. 755. Marsh. Arbust. 84. Am. Gewach. t.185,
186. Walt. Fl. Car. 158. Gaertn. Fruct. 1. 343, t. 70. Ait. Hort. Kew. 2. 251.
Bartr. Trav. 85. Lam. Dict. 3. 672; Ill. 3. 85, t. 490. Moench, Meth. 274. Willd.
Spee. 2. 1255. Michx. Fl. 1. 327. Nouv. Duham. 2. 219, t.65. Andr. Bot. Rep.
8, t. 518. Michx. f. Arb. Am. 8. 71, t.1. Pursh, 380. Bot. Mag. t. 1952. DC.
Syst. 1.450; Prodr. 1. 80. Eliictt, 2. 36. Lodd. Bot. Cab. t. 814. Spreng. Syst.
2.642. Audubon, Birds, t. 5 & 32. Don, Mill. 1. 82. Croom, Am. Jour. Sci.
1. 26. 814. Hook. Jour. Bot. 1. 188. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1.42. Spach, Hist. Veg.
7.470. Nutt. Sylva, 1.81. Dietr. Syn. 3. 808. Loud. Arbor. 1. 261,t.1,2. Cur-
tis, Bot. N. Car. 66. Chapman, 18. Wood, Cl.-Book, 214; Bot. & Fl. 24. Baill.
Hist. Pl. 1. 183, f£. 165-169. Gray, Hall’s Pl. Tex. 3.

M. Virginiana, var. 8. fetida. Linn. Spee. 536, in part.
M. macrophylla. Michx. Fl. 1.327. Nouv. Duham. 2. 221. Ait. f. Hort. Kew.
8. 881. Poir. Suppl. 8. 573. Michx. f. Arb. Am. 3. 99, t. 7. Bonpl. Pl. Malm.
84, t.33. Pursh, 381. Nutt. Genera, 2. 18; Sylva, 1. 88. DC. Syst. 1. 454;
Prodr. 1.80. Bot. Mag. t.2189. Elliott, 2.40. Spreng. Syst. 2. 642. Raf. Med.
Bot. 2. 31, £62. Don, Mill. 1.83. Croom, Am. Jour. Sci. 1. 25. 76. “Reich. Fl.
Exot. 2. 44, t. 139.” Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1.43. Spach, Hist. Veg. 7. 479. Dietr.
Syn. 8. 808. Loud. Arbor. 1. 271, t. 6. Curtis, Bot. N. Car. 67. Chapman, 14.
Gray, Manual, 49. Wood, Bot. & FI. 25.
M. Umbrella. Lam. Dict. 3. 673. Nouv. Duham. 2. 221. DC. Syst. 1. 452;
Prodr. 1. 80. “ Loisel. Herb. Amat. 3. t.198.” Spreng. Syst. 2. 642. Don, Mill.
1.83. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 438. Spach, Hist. Veg. 7. 475. Dietr. Syn. 3. 308.
Gray, Genera, 1. 62, t. 24; Jour. Linn. Soc. 2. 106, ££ 1-18. Manual, 49. Curtis,
Bot. N. Car. 67. Chapman, 13.

M. Virginiana, var. 6. tripetala. Linn. Spec. 586.

M. tripetala. Linn. Spec. 2 ed. 756. Marsh. Arbust. 84. Walt. Fl. Car. 159.
Ait. Hort. Kew. 2. 252. Willd. Spec. 2. 1258. Michx. Fl. 1. 827. Michx. f. Arb.

Magnolia. Asimina.] ANONACEZ. 31

Am. 3. 90, t. 5. Pursh, 881. Guimp. Otto & Hayne, t.18. Elliott, 2. 38. Loud.
Arbor. 1. 269, t. 5.
M. frondosa. Salish. Prodr. 379.

SCHIZANDRA coccinea. Michx. Fl. 2. 219,t.47. Poir. Dict. 6.729; Ill. 3.710,
t.995. Willd. Spec. 4. 872. “ Desf. Hist. Arb. 2. 25.” Bot. Mag. t.1413. Ait. f.
Hort. Kew. 5. 268. Pursh, 882. Nutt. Genera, 2. 209. DC. Syst. 1. 544; Prodr.
1.104. Bart. Fl. N. Am. t.13. Elliott, 2. 582. Spreng. Syst. 1. 972. Audubon,
Birds, t. 74. Don, Mill.1.101. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 44 & 662. Spach, Hist. Veg.
8. 11. Dietr. Syn. 2. 1087. Loud. Arbor. 1. 295, £ 41. Gray, Genera, 1. 58,
t. 22. Chapman, 18. Wood, Cl.-Book, 216; Bot. & Fl. 25. Maout & Decne. 878,
figs. Baill. Hist. Pl. 1. 146, £ 179-181.

ANONACEA.

ASIMINA grandiflora. Dunal, Monog. Anon. 84,t.11. “Loisel. Herb. Amat.
4,t. 263.” DC. Syst. 1. 480; Prodr. 1. 86. Elliott, 2. 42, Spreng. Syst. 2. 639.
Don, Mill. 1. 92. Dietr. Syn. 3. 304. Loud. Arbor. 1. 294. Chapman, 15. Wood,
Cl.-Book, 215; Bot. & FI. 26.

Annona grandiflora. Bartr. Trav. 20 & 171, t. 2.

Annona obovata. Willd. Spec. 2. 1269.

Orchidocarpum grandiflorum. Michx. Fl. 1. 330.

Porcelia grandiflora. Persoon, 2.95. Pursh, 383. Poir. Suppl. 4. 529. Nutt.
Genera, 2. 19.

Uvaria obovata. Torr. & Gray, FI. 1. 45.

A. parviflora. Dunal, Monog. 82, t.9. DC. Syst. 1.479; Prodr. 1. 87. Elliott,
2. 41. Spreng. Syst. 2. 639. Don, Mill. 1.91. Hook. Jour. Bot. 1.188. Dietr.
Syn. 3. 304. Loud. Arbor. 1. 293. Curtis, Bot. N. Car. 94. Chapman, 15. Wood,
Cl.-Book, 215; Bot. & Fi. 26.

Orchidocarpum parviflorum. Michx. Fl. 1. 829.

Porcelia parviflora. Persoon, 2.95. Pursh, 883. Poir. Suppl. 4. 529.

Uvaria parviflora, Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 45.
A. pygmzea. Dunal, Monog. 84, t.10. DC. Syst. 1. 480; Prodr. 1. 87. Elliott,
2.43. Spreng. Syst. 2.639. Don, Mill. 1.92. Dietr. Syn. 8. 304. Loud. Arbor.
1. 294, £40. Chapman, 15. Wood, Cl.-Book, 216 ; Bot. & Fl. 26.

Annona pygmea. Bartr. Trav. 18, t.1. Willd. Spec. 2. 1268.

Orchidocarpum pygmeum. Michx. Fl. 1. 330.

Porcelia pygmea. Persoon, 2. 95. Pursh, 883. Poir. Suppl. 4. 529. Nutt.
Genera, 2. 19.

Uvaria pygmea. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 45.

A. triloba. Dunal, Monog. 83. DC. Syst. 1. 479; Prodr. 1. 87. Elliott, 2. 42.
Guimp. Otto & Hayne, t. 53. Spreng. Syst. 2.639. Torrey, Ann. Lyc. N. Y. 2. 165.
Don, Mill. 1. 91. Nutt. Jour. Acad. Philad. 7. 11. Dietr. Syn. 3. 304. Loud.
Arbor. 1. 298, f. 39. Gray, Genera, 1. 68, t. 26,27; Struct. Bot. 382, f. 654-658;
Manual, 50. Parry, Pl. Minn. 609. Curtis, Bot. N. Car. 94. Lesqx. Fl. Ark. 347.
Chapman, 15. Maout & Decne. 384, figs. Hook. Bot. Mag. t. 5854.

Annona triloba. Linn. Spec. 537. Marsh. Arbust. 10. Lam. Dict. 2. 125.
Walt. Fl. Car. 158. Ait. Hort. Kew. 2. 254. Willd. Spec. 2. 1267. Nouv.
Duham. 2. 838, t. 25. Michx. f. Arb. Am. 3. 161, t. 9. Schkuhr, Handb. 2. 95,
t. 149.

Go
bo

ANONACEZ. [Asimina. Menispermum.

Orchidocarpum arietinum. Michx. FI. 1. 329.

Porcelia triloba. Persoon, 2. 95. Pursh, 383. Poir. Suppl. 4. 529. Audubon,
Birds, t. 2 & 162.

Uvaria triloba. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1.45. Torr. Fl. N. Y. 1.30. Baill. Hist. Pl.
1. 193, f. 220-228.

Asimina campaniflora (and conoidea?). Spach, Hist. Veg. 7. 529.
ANONA glabra. Linn. Spec. 537. Marsh. Arbust. 10; and others. Not in the
United States, f. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 44, and suppressed by Grisebach, Fl. Br. W.
Ind. 5.
A. laurifolia. Dunal, Monog. 65. DC. Syst. 1. 468; Prodr. 1. 84. Spreng. Syst.
2.641. Lindl. Bot. Reg. 16, t.1328. Griseb. Fl. Br. W. Ind. 4. Cooper, Smith-
son. Rep. 1860, 489.

MENISPERMACE4,

SCALYCOCARPUM Lyoni. Nutt. in Torr. & Gray, Fl, 1.48. Gray, Genera,
1. 76, t.30; Manual, 52. Miers, Monog. Menisp. in Ann. Sci. Nat. 3. 13. 130;
Contrib. Bot. 3. 25, t. 89. Walp. Ann. 2. 20. Chapman, 16.

Menispermum Lyoni. Pursh, 871. Poir. Suppl. 5. 731. DC. Syst. 1. 541;

Prodr. 1. 103. James, Long’s Exp. 1. 317 & 3. 33. Spreng. Syst. 2. 157. Torrey,
Ann. Lye. N. Y. 2. 165. Don, Mill. 1.112. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1.48. Baill. Hist.
Pl. 3. 13 & 39.
COCCULUS Carolinus. DC. Syst. 1.524; Prodr. 1.98. Don, Mill. 1.107. Hook.
Jour. Bot. 1.188. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 47. Loud. Arbor. 1. 298, f 45. Gray,
Genera, 1. 72, t. 28; Pl. Wright, 1.7 & 2. 9; Manual, 16; Hall’s Pl Dex.3:
Engelm. & Gray, Pl. Lindh. 8 & 81. Seem. Bot. Herald, 268. Torrey, Mex. Bound.
30. Curtis, Bot. N. Car. 118. Chapman, 51. Miers, Contrib. Bot. 3. 258, t. 110.
Baill. Hist. Pl. 3. 2, f. 2-4.

Menispermum Carolinum. Linn. Spec. 840. Marsh. Arbust. 86. Ait. Hort.
Kew. 8.412. Lam. Dict. 4.97. Willd. Spec. 4. 825. Michx. Fl. 2. 242. Spreng.
Syst. 2. 156.

M. Carolinianum. Hill, Veg. Syst. 16, t. 27, £1. Walt. Fl. Car. 248.

Baumgartia scandens. Moench, Meth. 650.

Androphylax scandens. Wendl. Bot. Beobacht. 88; “ Hort. Herrenh. 8, t. 16.”

Wendlandia populifolia. Willd. Spec. 2. 275. Poir. Dict. 8. 796. Persoon,
1.400. Pursh, 252. —

W. Caroliniana. Nutt. Genera, 1. 241. Curtis in Bost. Jour. Nat. Hist. 1. 118.

Cocculidium populifolium. Spach, Hist. Veg. 8. 17.

Var. hederacezefolius. Miers, Contrib. Bot. 8. 254.

Menispermum Virginicum. Linn. Spec. 840. Marsh. Arbust. 86. Walt. Fl. Car.
248. Lam. Dict. 4.95. Willd. Spec. 4. 824. Ait. f. Hort. Kew. 5. 404. Maout
& Decne. 372, figs.

C. oblongifolius. DC. Syst. 1. 529; Prodr. 1. 99. Don, Mill. 1. 108. Presl, Rel.
Henk. 2.79. Seem. Bot. Herald, 268. Miers, Contrib. Bot. 8. 256.
C. sagittzefolius. Miers, Contrib. Bot. 8. 255.

MENISPERMUM Canadense. Linn. Spec. 840. Hill, Veg. Syst. 16, t. 28,
f.2. Medicus, Bot. Beob. 1782, 237. Marsh. Arbust. 86. Ait. Hort. Kew. 3. 411.
Lam. Dict. 4. 95; Ill. 8. 412, t. 824. Michx. Fl. 2. 241. Willd. Spec. 4. 824.

“Menispermum. Berberis.| BERBERIDACE&. 33

Pursh, 370. Bot. Mag. t. 1910. DC. Syst. 1. 540; Prodr. 1. 102. Schkuhr,
Handb. 3, t. 337. James, Long’s Exp. 1. 317. Elliott, 2.715. Spreng. Syst. 2.
157. Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am. 1. 28. Don, Mill. 1.112. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1.48; Pac.
R. Rep. 2. 125. Spach, Hist. Veg. 8. 20, t.62,f2. Torrey, FI. NEG) ENicol:
Rep. 144; Frem. Rep. 87 ; Emory’s Rep. 406. Loud. Arbor. 1. 296, f. 42. Emer-
son, Mass. Trees, 525. Gray, Genera, 1. 74, t. 29; Pac. R. Rep. 12. 4o; Struct.
Bot. 883, £ 659-666; Manual, 51. Parry, Pl. Minn. 609. Schnizl. Icon. t. 172,
f£1-15. Curtis, Bot. N. Car. 118. Chapman, 16. Pl. Bourgeau, 254. Miers,
Contrib. Bot. 3. 115. Maout & Decne. 872, figs.

Cissampelos Smilacina. Linn. Spec. 2 ed. 1478. Ait. Hort. Kew. 3. 416. Jacq.
Coll. 4. 128; Icon. Rar. 3. 20, t. 629. Wiild. Spec. 4. 863.

Menispermum angulatum. Moench, Meth. 277.

M. smilacinum. DC. Syst. 1. 541; Prodr. 1. 108. Elliott, 2. 716. Don, Mill.
1.112. Loud. Arbor. 1. 297, f 44.

BERBERIDACEAS.

ACHLYS triphylla. DC. Syst. 2. 35; Prodr. 1. 112. Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am. 1. 30,
t.12. Don, Mill. 1.120. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 58; Bot. Wilkes, 219. Newberry,
Pac. R. Rep. 6. 66. Cooper, same, 12. 56. Boland. Cat. 4. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad.
8. 3876.

Leontice triphylla. Smith, Rees Cyc. n. 5. Schult. Syst. 7. 21. Dietr. Syn.
201s.
BERBERIS Aquifolium. Pursh, t. 4, f. 1 (leaf). Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am. 1. 29.
Schult. Syst. 7. 18 & 1616. Lindl. Bot. Reg. t. 1425; Jour. Hort. Soc. 5. 16 (FI.
des Serres, 6.77). Lodd. Bot. Cab. t.1718. Don, Mill. 1.118. Schrad. in Linn.
12. 388. Spach, Hist. Veg. 8.51. Hook. & Arn. Bot Beechey, 134 & 318. Torrey,
Pac. R. Rep. 4. 63; Bot. Wilkes, 218. Cooper, Pac. R. Rep. 12. 30 & 55. Wood,
Cl.-Book, 218; Bot. & Fl. 27. Boland. in Proc. Calif. Acad. 3. 78; Cat. 4. Brew.
& Wats. Bot. Calif. 1.14. See under B. repens.

Mahonia fascicularis. DC. Syst. Y. 19, and others, as to Nootka locality.

M. aquifolium, B. Nutkana. DC. Prodr. 1. 109.

Berberis pinata. Ker, Bot. Reg. t. 702; not Lag. Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am. 1. 28.
Schrad. in Linnea, 12. 3887.

B. fascicularis. Sims, Bot. Mag. t. 2396. Spreng. Syst. 2. 120. Schult. Syst.
7.17 & 1615.

Mahonia diversifolia. Sweet, Brit Fl. Gard. 2 ser. t. 94.

Berberis Aquifolium, vars. B. & y. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 50.

Mahonia Aquifolium. Paxton, Mag. Bot. 9.5, & t. Loud. Arbor. 1. 309, f. 57.
B. Canadensis. Pursh, 219. Nutt. Genera, 1.216. Elliott, 1.412. DC. Syst.
2.7; Prodr. 1.106. Spreng. Syst.2. 119. Schult. Syst. 7.3. Don, Mill. 1. 115, in
part. Audubon, Birds, t.188. Torr: & Gray, Fl. 1.50. Dietr. Syn. 2. 1071.
Loud. Arbor. 1. 303, f. 48. Gray, Genera, 1. 80, t. 31; Manual, 53. Curtis, Bot.
N. Car. 84. Chapman, 17.

B. vulgaris. Walter, 120. Michx. Fl. 1. 205.

B. vulgaris, var. Canadensis. Ait. Hort. Kew. 1.479. Willd. Spec. 2. 227.
Nouy. Duham. 4.12. Desf. Arb. 2. 27. Poir. Dict. 8. 616. Wood, Cl.-Book, 218.

B. Canadensis, serrulata & pisifera. Raf. Fl. Tellur. 68. .

; 3

84 BERBERIDACEZ. [Berberis.

B. vulgaris, var. crategina. Hook. f. & Thomp. FI. Ind. 1. 220, with syn.

B. vulgaris, var. commutata. Regel, Act. Hort. Petrop. 2. 413, with syn.

B. Sinensis,& var. Canadensis. Regel, 1. c. 2. 416, with syn.

B. Fendleri. Gray, Pl. Fendl. 5. Walp. Ann. 2.25. Torrey, Pac. R. Rep. 4. 64.
Brandegee, Fl. 8. W. Col. 233.

B. Fremonti. Torrey, Mex. Bound. 30. Gray, Ives’s Rep. 5. Watson, King’s
Rep. 5. 416. Parry, Am. Naturalist, 9. 141 & 268.

B. trifoliata. Torrey, Pac. R. Rep. 4. 63, in part.

B. nervosa. fursh, 219, t. 5, excl. fls. Poir. Suppl. 5. 480. Spreng. Syst. 2. 120.
Schult. Syst. 7.18 & 1616. Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am. 1. 29. Sweet, Br. Fl. Gard. 2 ser.
t.171. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 51. Spach, Hist. Veg. 8.54. Hat. & Wr. 156.
Dietr. Syn. 2.1072. Bot. Mag. t.3949. Fl. des Serres, 2, t. 4. Cooper, Pac. R.
Rep. 12. 56. Torrey, Bot. Wilkes, 218. Brew. & Wats. Bot. Calif. 1. 15.

Mahonia nervosa. Nutt. Genera, 1. 212. DC. Syst. 2.20; Prodr. 1. 108. Don,
Mill. 1.118. Loud. Arbor. 1. 310, f. 58. .

M. glumacea. DC. Syst. 1.21; Prodr. 1.109. Paxton, Mag. Bot. 7. 55, & t.

Berberis glumacea. Spreng. Syst. 2.120. Schult. Syst. 7. 19. Lindl. Bot. Reg.

t.1426. Lodd. Bot. Cab. t.1701. Dietr. Syn. 2.1072. Lindl. Journ. Hort. Soc.
5. 18 (Fl. des Serres, 6. 77). Newberry, Pac. R. Rep. 6. 66. The Garden, 5. 34.
B. pinnata. Lagasca, Elench. Pl. Matr. 1803, 6; Gen. & Spec. 14. Torr. & Gray,
Fl. 1.51. Spach, Hist. Veg. 8.50. Torrey, Emory’s Rep. 186; Sitgr. Rep. 155;
Pac. R. Rep. 4. 63. Benth. Pl. Hartw. 296. Gray, Pl. Thurb. 300. Boland. Cat. 4.
Brew. & Wats. Bot. Calif. 1. 15.

Mahonia fascicularis. DC. Syst. 2.19, & Prodr. 1. 108,in part. Deless. Icon.
Sel. 2.2, t. 3 2
B. repens. Lindl. Bot. Reg. t. 1176; Journ. Hort. Soc. 5. 17 (Fl. des Serres,
6.77). Lodd. Bot. Cab. t. 1847. Spach, Hist. Veg. 8.53. Brew. & Wats. Bot.
Calif. 1.14. The Garden, 5. 34. ‘

B. Aquijolium. Pursh, 219, t. 4, excl. f. 5 & leaf. Poir. Suppl. 5. 480. DC.
Syst. 2.20. Spreng. Syst. 2.120. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 50, excl. vars. . Dietr. Syn.
2. 1072. Walp. Rep. 1. 108. Torrey, Frem. Rep. 87; Stansb. Rep. 883; Mex.
Bound. 30. Wook. in Lond. Jour. Bot. 6. 68. Gray, Pl. Fendl. 5; Ives’s Rep. 5.
Durand, Pl. Pratten. 80; Fl. Utah, 158. Newberry, Pac. R. Rep. 6. 66. Pl. Bour-
geau, 254. Watson, King’s Rep. 5. 15. Porter, Hayd. Rep. 1871, 478; Fl. Col. 5,
Coulter, Hayd. Rep. 1872, 759.

B. nervosa. Pursh, t. 5 (fls.).

B. pinnata. Muhl. Cat. 2 ed. 36. Eaton, Manual, 5 ed. 134.

Mahonia Aquifolium. Nutt. Genera, 1. 212; Jour. Acad. Philad. 7. 11. James,
Cat. 178. Torrey, Ann. Lye. N. Y. 2. 165. DC. Prodr. 1. 108. Sweet, Br. FI.
Gard. 2 ser., under t. 94.

Odostemon Aquifolium. Raf. in Am. Mag. 1819, 192; Med. Fl, 2. 247.

Mahonia repens. Don, Mill. 1.118. Loud. Arbor. 1. 311, f 59.

Berberis Aquifolium, var. repens. Torrey, Pac. R. Rep. 4. 63. Gray, Am. Jour.
Sci. 2. 33. 407 ; Jour. Acad. Philad. 1863, 57.

B. Swaseyi. Buckley in Young’s Fl. Tex. 152.

B. trifoliolata. Moric. Pl. Nouv. Am. 113, t.69. Walp. Ann. 1. 21. Gray, PI.
Lindh. 2. 142; Hall’s Pl. Tex. 3. Engelm. in Wisliz. Rep. 25. Paxton, Fl. Gard.
2. 68, £168. Torr. & Gray, Pac. R. Rep. 2. 159. Torrey, Mex. Bound. 81.

B. trifoliata. Wartw.; Lindl. Bot. Reg. 27, Mise. 68, & 31, t. 10; Jour. Hort. Soe.
5. 14 (FI. des Serres, 6.76). Walp. Rep. 2. 749. Fl. des Serres, 1, t. 56,

Berberis. Podophyllum.]| BERBERIDACEZ. 35

B. ilicifolia & Roemeriana. Scheele, Linn. 21. 593 & 22. 154.

B. vurearis, Linn. See syn. in DC. Syst. 2.5; Hook, f. & Thomp. Fi. Ind. 1.
220 ; Regel, Trud. Petr. Bot. Cada, 2. 410. — Bigel. Fl. Bost. 78. Hook. Fl. Bor.-
Am. 1. 28. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 49. Torrey, Fl. N. Y. 1.33. Emerson, Mass.
Trees, 521. Richards. Arct. Exped. 422. Gray, Struct. Bot. 384, f 668-676;
Manual, 53.

B. Canadensis. Marsh. Arbust. 17. Raf. Med. Fl. 1. 82, £ 15.

B. vulgaris, var. Canadensis. Torrey, Fl. U. 8. 336.

B. crenulata, macracantha & laxiflora. Schrad. in Linn. 12. 862, 866 & 367.

CAULOPHYLLUM thalictroides. Michx. Fl. 1. 205,%. 21. Persoon, 1. 387.
Willd. Enum. 1. 372. Poir. Suppl. 2. 140. Pursh, 218. Nutt. Genera, 1. 210.
Elliott, 1. 411. Barton, Fl. Phil. 1.160. Darling. Fl. Cestr. 89. Raf. Med. Fl.
1.97, f£.19. Spach, Hist. Veg. 8.69. Schnizl. Icon. t. 179 a, f. 1-8. Chapman,
17. Gray, Manual, 53. Maout & Decne. 377, figs.

Leontice thalictroides. Linn. Spec. 312. Ait. Hort. Kew. 1. 451. Lam. Dict.
8.465. Willd. Spec. 2.449. R. Br. in Trans. Linn. Soe. 12. 145, t. 7. Smith, Rees
Cye.n. 4. DC. Syst. 2. 27; Prodr. 1.110. Torrey, Fl. U. S. 886; Fl. N. Y. 1. 33;
Nicol. Rep. 144. Lodd. Bot. Cab. t. 1473. Spreng. Syst. 2. 121. Schult. Syst.
7. 22. Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am. 1. 29. Don, Mill. 1. 119, £ 32. Darling. Fl. Cestr.
Zed. 213. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 52. Dietr. Syn. 2. 1073. Gray, Genera, 1. 82,
t. 32; Manual, led. 21. Parry, Pl. Minn.609. Baill. Hist. Pl. 3. 54.

Leontopetalon thalictroides. Hill, Veg. Syst. 16, t. 26, f. 3.

DIPHYLLEIA cymosa. Michx. Fl. 1. 203, t. 19, 20. Pour. Suppl. 2. 488.
Sims, Bot. Mag. t.1666. Pursh, 218. Nutt. Genera, 1. 209. Elliott, 1.411. DC.
Syst. 2. 30; Prodr. 1. 110. Spreng. Syst. 2.121. -Schult. Syst. 7. 52. Decne. in
Ann. Sci. Nat. 2. 2.3859. Don, Mill. 1.120. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1.53. Dietr. Syn.
2. 1073. Gray, Am. Jour. Sci. 1. 42. 23 (Lond. Jour. Bot. 1. 230) ; Genera, 1. 84,
t. 33; Manual, 53. Chapman, 17. Agardh, Theor. Syst. t. 5, f 10. Baill. Hist.
Pl. 3. 60.

JEFPERSONIA diphylla. Persoon, 1. 418. Bot. Mag. t.1513. Poir. Suppl.
3.136. Pursh, 268. Nutt. Genera, 1.253. _DC. Syst. 2. 835; Prodr. 1. 111. Torrey,
FL U.S. 399; Fl. N. Y.1. 384. Spreng. Syst. 2.227. Don, Mill. 1.121. Torr. &
Gray, Fl. 1. 53. Lodd. Bot. Cab. t. 1036. Dietr. Syn. 2. 1284. Gray, Genera,
1. 86, t. 834; Manual, 54. Schnizl. Icon. t. 179 *, f. 13-16. Chapman, 18. Baill.
Hist. Pl. 3. 60, £ 72, 73.

Podophyllum diphyllum. inn. Spec. 505. Hill, Veo Syste lovatyiganf 2:
Willd. Spec. 2.1141. Poir. Dict. 5. 446. Ait. f. Hort. Kew. 3. 287.

Jeffersonia binata. Barton, Trans. Phil. Soc. 3. 342, & t.

J. Bartonis. Michx. Fl. 1. 237. Raf. Med. FI. 2. eS 5:

J. lobata. Nutt. Jour. Acad. Philad. 7.99. Raf. Med. Fl. 2. 11.

J. odorata. Raf. Med. Fl. 2. 11.

PODOPHYLLUM peltatum. Linn. Spec. 505. Hill, Veg. Syst. 16, t. 32, £1.
Ait. Hort. Kew. 2. 223. Willd. Spec. 2. 1141. Michx. Fl. 1. 309. Poir. Dict.
5. 446; Lam. Ill. 3. 15, t. 449. Tratt. Arch. 2, t.99; Obs. 2. 63. Pursh, 366.
Bigel. Fl. Bost. 132; Med. Bot. 2. 34, t. 23, & 3. 186. Bot. Mag. t. 1819. Nutt.
Genera, 2.10. DC. Syst. 2. 34; Prodr. 1.111. Elliott, 2.14. Barton, Fl. Philad.
2.9. Spreng. Syst. 2. 604. Audubon, Birds, t. 64. Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am. 1. 31.
Don, Mill. 1. 120, f. 33. Lindl. Fl. Med. 18. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 54 & 663.
Spach, Hist. Veg. 8.70. Dietr. Syn. 38. 261. Torrey, Fl. N. Y. 1. 85; Emory’s
Rep. 406. Gray, Genera, 1. 88, t. 35, 36; Pac. R. Rep. 12. 40; Manual, 54; Am.

36 BERBERIDACEZA. [Podophylium. Nelumbium.

Naturalist, 1. 494. Parry, Pl. Minn. 609. Schnizl. Icon. t. 179 4, f. 17-26. Chap-
man, 18. Lesqx. Fl. Ark. 347. Baill. Hist. Pl. 3. 58, f. 70, 71.

Anopodophyllum peltatum. Moench, Meth. 277.

P. callicarpum. Raf. Fl. Lud. 14; Med. FL. 2.69. DC. Syst. 2. 34; Prodr. 1. 111.
Spreng. Syst. 2. 604. Don, Mill. 1. 121.

P. montanum. Rat. Med. FI. 2. 59, f. 73.
VANCOUVERIA hexandra. Morr. & Deene. Ann. Sci. Nat. 2. 2. 351. Torr.
& Gray, Fl. 1.52. Torrey, Pac. R. Rep. 4. 68; Bot. Wilkes, 219. Boland. Cat. 4.
Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 8. 375. Brew. & Wats. Bot. Calif. 1. 15.

Epimedium hexandrum. Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am. 1. 30, t. 13. Don, Mill. 1. 120.
Hook. & Arn. Bot. Beechey, 318. Baill. Hist. Pl. 3. 56.

Sculeria geminata. Raf. Fl. Tell. 2. 50.

NYMPH HZ ACE.

BRASENIA peltata. Pursh, 389. Nutt. Genera, 2. 24; Fl. Ark. 160. Elliott,
2. 66. Gray, Ann. Lye. N. Y. 4. 46; Genera, 1. 96, t. 39; Struct. Bot. 387,
f. 681-687; Mem. Am. Acad. 2. 6. 449; Manual, 55. Torr. & Gray, FI. 1. 55.
Torrey, Fl. N. Y. 1. 36; Bot. Wilkes, 220. Dietr. Syn. 3.291. Engelm. & Gray,
Pl. Lindh. 82. Hook. f. & Thomp. Fl. Ind. 1. 246. Chapman, 19. Benth. Fl.
Austr. 1. 60. Miquel, Ann. Mus. Lugd.-Bat. 3. 92. Welwitsch, Sert. Angol. 26.
Boland. Cat. 4.

Menyanthes peltata & nymphoides. Thunb. Nov. Act. Ups. 7. 142, t.4,f 2, & Fl.
Jap. 82.

Hydropeltis purpurea. Michx. Fl. 1. 824, t. 29. Bot. Mag. t. 1147. Ait. f.
Hort. Kew. 3. 862. Poir. Suppl. 8. 78. Richard, Ann. Mus. Par. 17. 230, t. 5,
f.22. DC. Syst. 2. 88; Prodr. 1.112. Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am. 1.31; Jour. Bot. 1. 189.
Don, Mill. 1. 122, f£. 34. Spach, Hist. Veg. 7.162. Schnizl. Icon. t. 186, f. 2, 3,
19-25.

Hydropeltis pulla. Salisb. in Ann. Bot. 2. 74.

Brasenia Hydropeltis. Muhl. Cat. 55. Raf. Med. Fi. 1. 90, f. 17.

Villarsia peltata. Roem. & Schult. Syst. 4. 178.

Limnanthemum peltatum. Griseb. Gent. 348; DC. Prodr. 9. 141. Planch. in
Ann. Sci. Nat. 4. 2. 257.

Brasenia nymphoides. Baill. Hist. Pl. 8. 82.

CABOMBA Caroliniana. Gray, Ann. Lyc. N. Y. 4. 46; Genera, 1. 94, t. 38;
Hall’s Pl. Tex. 5. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 55. Walp. Rep. 1. 105. Hook. Icon.
t. 642. Chapman, 19. Wood, CL-Book, 219; Bot. & Fl. 39. Maout & Decne.
401 & 402, figs. Ridgway, Am. Naturalist, 6. 726.

C. Aubletii. Michx. Fl. 1. 206.

Nectris peltata. Pursh, 239, excl. syn.

N. aquatica. Nutt. Genera, 1. 230, not Willd. Elliott, 1. 416.

Cabomba aquatica. DC. Syst. 2. 86. Schult. Syst. 7. 1378, aud Don, Mill. 1. 121,
in part. Hook. Jour. Bot. 1. 189.

NELUMBIUM luteum. Willd. Spec. 2. 1259. Michx. Fl. 1. 817. Turpin,
Ann. Mus. Par. 7. 210, t. a f.27. Poiteau, same, 13. 395, t. 29, f. 42-46. Poir.
Suppl. 4. 78. DC. Syst. 2.47; Prodr.1. 114. James, Long’s Exp. 2.96. Torrey,
Ann. Lye. N. Y. 2. 165. a Med. Fl. 2. 41, f£ 66. Don, Mill. 1. 124. Hook.
Jour. Bot. 1.189. Short, Pl. Kentucky, 339. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 56. Bot. Mag.

Welumbium. Nuphar.| NYMPH ACEX. 37

t.3753. Spach, Hist. Veg. 7. 183. Maund. Bot. 1, t. 14. Dietr. Syn. 3. 294.
Torrey, Fl. N. Y. 1. 88. Gray, Genera, 1. 98, t. 40, 41; Manual, 55. Schnizl. Icon.
t. 187, f. 3-6, 9-14. Chapman, 18. Engelm. Trans. Acad. St. Louis, 2. 136.
Griseb. Fl. Br. W, Ind. 12. Maout & Decne. 402 & 403, figs. Young, Fl.
Tex. 153.

Nymphcea Nelumbo, var. 8. Linn. Spec. 511.

Nymphea Nelumbo. Walt. Fl. Car. 155. Ait. Hort. Kew. 2. 227, in part. Bartr.
Tray. 107. Salisb. Ann. Bot. 2. 76.

Nymphcea pentapetala. Watt. Fl. Car. 155. Gmel. Syst. 812. Poir. Dict. 4. 458.
Salisb. Ann. Bot. 2. 76.

Nelumbo Indica, var. 3. Poir. Dict. 4. 454.

Nelumbium pentapetalum. Willd. Spec. 2. 1259. Poir. Suppl. 4.78. DC. Syst.
2.47; Prodr. 1.114. Raf. Med. Fl. 2.42. Don, Mill. 1. 124.

Cyamus flavicomus. Salisb. in Ann. Bot. 2. 75. Pursh, 398.

Nelumbium speciosum. Ait. f. Hort. Kew. 8. 882, in part.

Cyamus pentapetalus. Pursh, 398. Elliott, 2. 68.

Nelumbium codophyllum. Raf. Fl. Lud. 22; Med. Fl. 2.42. DC. Syst. 2. 47; Prodr.
1.114. Don, Mill. 1.124. Trécul, Bull. Soc. Bot. Fr. 1. 18 & 60; Ann. Sci. Nat.
4, 1. 291, t. 12-14.

Cyamus luteus. Nutt. Genera, 2. 25; Fl. Ark. 160. Bart. Fl. Phil. 2. 26; Fl. N.
Am. 2. 77, t.63. James, Cat. 183. Elliott, 2. 67.

Nelumbium Jamaicense. DC. Syst. 2.47; Prodr. 1. 114.

Nelumbo lutea. Baill. Hist. Pl. 8. 79, £. 78-S1.

NUPHAR advena. Ait. f. Hort. Kew. 3. 295. Pursh, 869. Smith, Rees Cyc.
n. 4. Nutt. Genera, 2.13; Fl. Ark. 160. DC. Syst. 2.63; Prodr. 1. 116. Elkott,
2. 8. Bart. Fl. Phil. 2. 10. Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am. 1. 33; Jour. Bot. 1. 189. Don,
Mill. 1. 127. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 58. Spach, Hist. Veg. 7. 176. Dietr. Syn. 8. 265.
Torrey, Fl. N. Y. 1.40; Mex. Bound. 31; Bot. Wilkes, 220. Benth. Pl. Hartw.
296. Gray, Genera, 1. 104, t.44; Manual, 57. Parry, Pl. Minn. 609. Planch. in
Fl. des Serres, 8. 120; Ann. Sci. Nat. 3. 19. 62. Newberry, Pac. R. Rep. 6. 67.
Cooper, Pac. R. Rep. 12. 56. Chapman, 20. Pl. Bourgeau, 254. Engelm. in
Trans. Acad. St. Louis#2. 283. Traiil, Canad. Fl. 71, t. 8. Boland. Cat. 4. Wat-
son, King’s Rep. 5. 18. Porter, Hayd. Rep. 1871, 478. Coulter, same, 1872, 759.

Nymphea lutea. Walt. Fl. Car. 154.

Nymphea advena. Ait. Hort. Kew. 2. 226. Poir. Dict. 4. 457. Willd. Spee.
2. 1152; Hort. Berol. t. 38. Michx. Fl. 1. 311. Bot. Mag. t. 684. Bigel. Fl.
Bost. 152. Torrey, Nicol. Rep. 144.

Nymphea arifolia. Salisb. in Ann. Bot. 2. 71.

Nuphar Americana. Provancher, Fl. Canad. 1. 28.

Var. variegatum. Engelm.; Gray, Manual, 57.

Nuphar variegatum. Engelm.; Clinton in 19 Rep. Reg. N. Y. State Univ. 78.
N. luteum, Smith. See syn. in DC. Syst. 2. 60; Ledeb. Fl. Ross. 1. 84; Hook. f.
Arct. Pl. 318.— Pursh, 369. Richards. Frankl. Journ. 12. Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am.
1. 32. Bong. Sitch. 124. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1.57. Ledeb.1.¢. Hook. f. Arct.
Pl. 284 & 813. Rothr. Fl. Alask. 442. Gray, Manual, 57.

N. polysepalum. Engelm. in Trans. Acad. St. Louis, 2. 282. Gray, Proc. Am.
Acad. 8. 376; Torr. Bot. Wilkes, 220. Porter, Fl. Col. 5.

N. pumilum. Smith, Engl. Bot. t.2292. DC. Syst. 2. 61, with syn. Planch. in
Fl. des Serres, 8. 120; Ann. Sci. Nat. 3. 19. 60, with syn. Regel, Fl. Uss. 18, and
syn. Caspary, Ann. Mus. Lued.-Bat. 2. 255,

38 NYMPH ACE [Nuphar. Nymphza.

Nymphea lutea, var. Kalmiana. Michx. FI. 1. 811. Salisb. in Ann. Bot. 2. 76.
Dietr. Syn. 3. 265.

Nymphcea microphylla. Persoon, 2. 68.

Nymphea Kalmiana. Sims, Bot. Mag. t. 1243. Poir. Suppl. 4. 81.

Nuphar Kalmiana, Ait. f. Hort. Kew. 8. 295. Pursh, 869. Smith, Rees Cye.
n. 3. Nutt. Genera, 2. 18. DC. Syst. 2.61; Prodr. 1.116. James, Long’s Exp.
3.127. Bart. Fl. Phil. 2.11. Torrey, Fl. U. S. 218. Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am. 1. 82.
Don, Mill. 1. 827. Spach, Hist. Veg. 7. 176. Gray, Manual, 2 ed. 23. Wood,
Bot. & Fl. 29.

Nuphar lutea, var. Kalmiana. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1.58. Torrey, Fl. N. Y. 1. 40.
Gray, Manual, 1 ed. 24.

Nuphar luteum, var. pumilum. Gray, Manual, 57.
N. sagittzefolium. Pursh, 370. Nutt. Genera, 2.13. DC. Syst. 2. 62; Prodr.
1.116. Elliott, 2.8. Don, Mill. 1. 127. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 58. Dietr. Syn.
3. 265. Planch. Fl. des Serres, 8. 120; Ann. Sci. Nat. 3. 19.62. Chapman, 20.
Wood, Cl.-Book, 221; Bot. & Fl. 39. Hook. f. Arct. Pl. 318.

Nymphea sagittifolia. Walt. Fl. Car. 155. Gmel. Syst. 812. Poir. Dict. 4. 458.
Salisb. in Ann. Bot. 2. 71. .

Nymphea longifolia. Michx. Fl. 1. 812. Poir. Suppl. 4. 81.

Nymphea sagittata. Persoon, 2. 68.

Nuphar longifolia. Smith, Rees Cye. n. 5.

NYMPHAj4A ampla. DC. Syst. 2.54,in part; Prodr.1.115. Hook. Bot. Mag.
t. 4469. Gray, Pl. Wright, 1. 7. Planch. Ann. Sci. Nat. 8. 19. 44, with syn.
Lehm. Nymph. 5. Griseb. Fl. Br. W. Ind. 11.

N. elegans. Hook. Bot. Mag. t. 4604. Gray, Pl. Wright. 1.129. Planch. FI.
des Serres, 8. 120; Ann. Sci. Nat. 3. 19.46. Lehm. Nymph. 8. Paxton’s Fl. Gard.
2. 118.

N. Mexicana. Gray, Pl. Wright. 1. 7, not Zucc.

N. odorata. Ait. Hort. Kew. 2. 227. Poir. Dict. 4. 457. Willd. Spec. 2. 1153 ;
Hort. Berol. t. 39. Andr. Bot. Rep. 5,t. 297. Sims, Bot. Mag. t. 819. Persoon,
2.68. Pursh, 368. Bigel, Fl. Bost. 182; Med. Bot. 3. 134, t.55. DC. Syst. 2. 67;
Prodr. 1.116. Smith, Rees Cye.n.2. Elliott, 2. 7. Bart. FI. Phil. 2. 11. Raf.
Med. Fl. 2. 44, f 67. Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am. 1. 32; Jour. Bot. 1. 189. Don, Mill.
1. 126. Nutt. Fl. Ark. 160. Torr. & Gray, El. 1.57. Spach, Hist. Weg. 7- 174:
Dietr. Syn. 3. 264. Torrey, Fl. N. Y. 1. 39. Gray, Genera, 1. 102, t. 42, 43,
Struct. Bot. 386, f. 677-680; Manual, 56. Parry, Pl. Minn. 609. Planch. Fl. des
Serres, 8. 120; Ann. Sci. Nat. 3. 19. 52. Lehm. Nymph. 13. Chapman, 19. Cas-
pary, Ann. Mus. Bot. Lugd.-Bat. 2. 250. Traill, Canad. Fl. 67, t. 8. Hall, Torr.
Bull. 4. 39.

Nymphea alba. Walt. Fl. Car. 155. Michx. Fl. 1. 311.

Castalia pudica. Salisb. in Hook. Parad. Lond. under t. 14 (Ann. Bot. 2. 72).
Var. reniformis. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1.57. Lehm. Nymph. 13.

Nymphea reniformis. Walter, 155. Gmel. Syst. 812. Poir. Dict. 4. 458. Salisb.
in Ann. Bot. 2. 76.

Nelumbium reniforme. Willd. Spec. 2. 1260. Poir. Suppl. 4. 79. Caspary, l. e.
2. 251.

Cyamus reniformis. Pursh, 398. Elliott, 2. 68.
Var. minor. Sims, Bot. Mag. t.1652. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1.57. Paine, Cat.
Pl. Oneida, 183. Gray, Manual, 56. Macoun & Gibson, Trans. Edinb. 12. 310.

Nymphea odorata, var. rosea. Pursh, 369.

Nymphza. Sarracenia} SARRACENIACES. 39

N. minor. DC. Syst. 2. 58; Prodr. 1.116. Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am. 1. 32. Don,
Mill. 1. 126.

4 N. rosea. Raf. Med. FI. 2. 45.
N. tuberosa. Paine, Cat. Pl. Oneida, 184 (Bull. Soc. Bot. Fr. 14, Rey. Bibl. 55).
Gray, Manual, 56. Hall, Torr. Bull. 4. 389. Macoun & Gibson, I. c.

N. alba. Nutt. Genera, 2. 13.

2 N. reniformis. DC. Syst. 2.55; Prodr. 1. 115, not Walt? Deless. Icon. Sel.
2. 3. t. 5. Don, Mill. 1. 126.

2 N. maculata & spiralis. Raf. Med. Fl. 2. 45.

SARRACENIACE 4h.

DARLINGTONIA Californica. _ Torrey, Smithson. Contrib. 6. 4, t. 1; Torr,
Bull. 2. 14; Am. Naturalist, 5. 307; Bot. Wilkes, 221. Gray, Am. Jour. Sci.
2. 16. 425 & 2. 35. 186. Walp. Ann. 4. 169. Planch. Fl. des Serres, 14. 125,
t. 1440, 1441. Maout & Decne. 407, figs. Moore, Fl. Mag. 1869, t. 4577. Mor-
ren, Belg. Hortic. 5. 113, t.18. Thurber, Am. Agric., Mar. 1870, fig. Hook. Bot.
Mag. t. 5920. Masters, Gard. Chron. 1871, 835, f 171. André, Ill. Hort.
18. 156, t. 75. Baill. Hist. Pl. 3. 92. A. DC. Prodr. 17. 3. A. Braun, Sitz.-Ber.
Gesell. Berlin, 1873, 73.

SARRACENIA Drummondii. Croom, Amn. Lye. N. Y. 4. 100, t.6. Torr. &
Gray, Fl. 1.59. Walp. Rep. 1.108. Dietr. Syn. 3. 260. Decne. in Fl. des Serres,
7. 268. Chapman, 21. Baill. Hist. Pl. 3.90, f.102. A. DC. Prodr. 17.5. Gray,
Am. Jour. Sci. 3. 6, 467. ‘

28. leucophylla. Raf. Fl. Lud. 14. Spreng. Syst. 2. 600.

S. Gronovii, var. Drummondii. Wood, Cl.-Book, 222; Bot. & FI. 30.
S. flava. Linn. Spec. 510. Hill, Veg. Syst. 15, t. 17, f. 2. Walt. Fl. Car. 153.
Ait. Hort. Kew. 2. 225. Willd. Spec. 2. 1150. Michx. Fl, 1. 310. Andr. Bot.
Rep. 6, t. 381. Sims, Bot. Mag. t. 780. Poir. Dict. 6. 545. Persoon, 2. 62.
Pursh, 367. Elliott, 2.10. Spreng. Syst. 2.600. Audubon, Birds, t. 300 & 401.
Don, Mill. 1. 128. Lodd. Bot. Cab. t. 1957. Paxton’s Mag. Bot. 1. 56 & t.
Hook. Jour. Bot. 1. 190. Croom, Ann. Lyc. N. Y. 4. 108; Am. Jour. Sci.
1. 28.167. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1.59. Dietr. Syn. 3. 260. Spach, Hist. Veg. 18. 381.
Decne. in Fl. des Serres, 7. 266. Rev. Hort. 1. 121, t. 7. Lemaire, Ill. Hort.
2, t. 63, & 14, Misc. 37. Planch. Fl. des Serres, 10. 233, t. 1068. Chapman, 21.
Regel, Gart. Fl. 16. 259, t. 554. Gray, Manual, 58; Am. Jour. Sci. 8. 6. 149 & 467.
AS UC erodr-slif.15:

S. Catesbei. Elliott, 2.11. Spach, Hist. Veg. 13. 331.

S. Gronovit, a. Wood, Cl.-Book, 222; Bot. & FI. 30.
S. psittacina. Michx. Fl. 1.311. Poir. Dict. 6. 546. Persoon, 2. 62. Pursh, 368.
Elliott, 2.10. Hook. Jour. Bot. 1.190. Croom, Ann. Lye. N. Y. 4.101. Torr. &
Gray, Fl. 1.59. Walp. Rep. 1. 108. Dietr. Syn. 3. 260. Spach, Hist. Veg. 18. 330.
Decne. in Fl. des Serres, 7. 268. ‘Chapman, 20. Wood, Cl.-Book, 221; Bot. &
Fl. 30. Masters, Gard. Chron. 1866, 1218 & fig. (Ill. Hort. 14, Misc. 37 & fig.).
A. DE. Prodr. 17. 4.

S. calceolata. Nutt. in Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. 2. 4. 49, t. 1.

S. pulchella. Croom, Am. Jour. Sci. 1. 25. 75, 26. 817 & 28. 167.

S. purpurea. Linn. Spec. 510. Hill, Veg. Syst. 15, t. 17,f.1. Walt. Fl. Car.
152. Ait. Hort. Kew. 2. 226. Willd. Spec. 2. 1150. Michx. Fl. 1. 310. Poir.

40 SARRACENIACEE. [Sarracenia. Argemone.

Dict. 6. 545; Lam. Ill. 8. 16, t. 452. Sims, Bot. Mag. t. 849. Persoon, 2. 62.
Barton, Elem. Bot. Appx. 17, t.1. Pursh, 367. Nutt. Genera, 2. 11. Lodd. Bot.
Cab. t.308. Richards. Frankl. Journ. 12. Elliott, 2. 9. Spreng. Syst. 2. 600.
De La Pyl. in Ann. Linn. Soe. Par. 6. 388, t.13. Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am. 1. 83. Don,
Mill. 1.128. Audubon, Birds, t.202. Croom, Ann. Lye. N. Y. 4. 98. Paxton’s
Mag. Bot. 8. 221 & t; Fl. Gard. 2. 24, £146. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1.59. Dietr. Syn.
3. 260. Torrey, Fl. N. Y. 1.41. Spach, Hist. Veg. 13. 829. Gray, Genera, 1. 108,
t. 45, 46; Manual, 58. Decne. in Fl. des Serres, 7. 268. Planch. in same, 10. 247,
t.1076. Schnizl. Icon. t.185*. Chapman, 20. Hook. f. Arct. Pl. 284. Regel,
Gart. Fl. 16. 180, t. 542. Maout & Decne. 407, figs. Traill, Canad. Fl. 73, t. 9.
Baill. Hist. Pl. 3. 91, f. 104-107. A. DC. Prodr. 17. 4.

Var. heterophyHa. Torrey, Compend. 217; Fl. N. Y. 1. 41, t.6. Gray, Manual,
led. 25. Gillman, Am. Naturalist, 4. 48.

S, heterophylla. Eaton, Manual, 4 ed. 447.

Var. alata. Wood, Bot. & Fl. 30.

S. rubra. Walt. Fl. Car. 152. Willd. Spec.2.1150. Poir. Dict.6.547. Persoon,
2.62. Ait. f. Hort. Kew. 3. 291. Elliott, 2.10. Spreng. Syst. 2. 600. Don, Mill.
1. 128. Croom, Ann. Lye. N. Y¥. 4.99. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 59. Dietr. Syn.
3. 260. Spach, Hist. Veg. 13. 330. Decne. in Fl. des Serres, 7. 268. Chapman, 21.
A. DC. Prodr. 17. 4. g

S. Gronovii, var. rubra. Wood, Cl.-Book, 222; Bot. & Fl. 30.

Var. acuminata. A. DC. Prodr. 17. 4.
S. rubra. Hook. Exot. Fl. t.13; Bot. Mag. t. 3515. Lodd. Cab. t. 1163.

S. Sweetii. A. DC. Prodr. 17. 5.
S. minor. Sweet, Brit. Fl. Gard. 2 ser. t.138. Paxt. Mag. Bot. 16. 47, & fig.
S. rubra. Planch. in Fl. des Serres, 10. 243, t. 1074.

S. undulata. Decne. in Rev. Hort. 1. 126 (Fl. des Serres, 6. 267). A. DC.
Erodrsshinco:

S. Drummondii. Paxton’s Fl. Gard. 1. 1, t. 1. Planch. Fl. des Serres, 6. 81,
t. 560, & 10. 239, t. LO71. Moore, Fl. Mag. t. 208.
S. variolaris. Michx. Fl. 1. 310. Poir. Dict. 6. 546. Persoon, 2. 62. Pursh,
367. Sims, Bot. Mag. t.1710.. Elliott, 2.12. Lodd. Bot. Cab. t. 803. Spreng.
Syst. 2. 600. Don, Mill. 1. 128. Croom, Ann. Lye. N. Y. 4. 102. Torr. & Gray,
Fl. 1. 59. Dietr. Syn. 8. 260. Spach, Hist. Veg. 18. 830. Decne. in Fl. des
Serres, 6. 267. Chapman, 21. Wood, Cl.-Book, 221; Bot. & Fl. 30. Baill. Hist.
Pl. 3. 90, f.103. A. DC. Prodr. 17. 6.

S. minor. Walt. Fl. Car. 1532 Willd. Spec. 2.1150. Persoon, 2.62. Spach,
Hist. Veg. 18. 380.

? 8. lacunosa. Bartr. Trav. 417.

S. adunca.- Smith, Exot. Bot. 1. 103, t. 53. Ait. f. Hort. Kew. 3.291. Mac-
bride, Trans. Linn. Soc. 12. 48

PAPAVERACEA.

ARCTOMECON Californicum. Torrey, Frem. Rep. 312, t. 2 (Bot. Zeit. 5. 40).
Walp. Ann. 1. 22. Duchartre, Revue Bot. 2. 52. Benth. & Hook. Genera, 1. 62.

ARGEMONE fruticosa. Thurb. ; Gray, Pl. Thurb. 806. Torrey, Mex.
Bound. 381.

Argemone. Eschscholtzia.| PAPAVERACE. 41

A. hispida. Gray, Pl. Fendl. 5. Torrey, Stansb. Rep. 383; Pac. R. Rep. 7. 7.
Walp. Ann. 2.25. Durand, Fl. Utah, 158.

A. munita. Dur. & Hilg. Pl. Heerm. in Jour. Acad. Philad. 2. 3. 87; Pac. R. Rep.
5. 5, t.1. Walp. Ann, 4. 170 & 7. 85.

A, Mexicana. Engelm. Wisliz. Rep. 3. Torrey, Pac. R. Rep. 5. 359. Ander-
son, Cat. Fl. Nev. 117. Porter, Hayd. Rep. 1870, 473.

A. Mexicana, var. hispida. Torrey, Mex. Bound. 31. Watson, King’s Rep. 5. 13.
Coulter, Hayd. Rep. 1872, 759.
A. Mexicana. Linn. Spec. 508. See syn. in DC. Syst. 2. 85.—Pursh, 366.
Nutt. Genera, 2. 9. James, Catalogue, 183. Elliott, 2. 18. Hook. Jour. Bot.
1.189. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1.61; Pac. R. Rep. 159. Gray, Genera, 1. 112, t. 47;
Pl. Fendl. 5; Manual, 59. Engelm. Wisliz. Rep. 28. Torrey, Emory’s Rep. 406 ;
Marcy’s Rep. 280; Pac. R. Rep. 4.64; Mex. Bound. 31. Scheele, Roemer’s Texas,
436. Chapman, 21. Porter, Fl. Col. 6.

Var. albiflora. DC. Syst. 2. 86; Prodr. 1. 120. Torrey, Ann. Lye. N. Y. 2. 166;
Frem. Rep. 87. Torr. & Gray, Pac. R. Rep. 2. 125. Gray, same, 12. 40.
A, albiflora. WHornem. Hort. Hafn. 489. Bot. Mag. t. 2342.
A.alba. Raf. Fl. Lud. 88. James, Long’s Exp. 2. 149.
A, grandiflora. Sweet, Brit. Fl. Gard. t.226. Lindl. Bot. Reg. t. 1264.
A. Georgiana. Croom, Am. Jour. Sci. 1. 25. 76.
A, vulgaris, var. albiflora. Spach, Hist. Veg. 7. 26.

CHELIDONIUM mausus, Linn. Pursh, 365. Bigel. Fl. Bost. 210. Torr. & Gray,
Fl. 1.62. Torrey, Fl. N. Y. 1.44. Gray, Manual, 60.

DENDROMECON rigidum. Benth. Trans. Hort. Soc. 2. 1. 407; Pl. Hartw. 296.
Hook. Icon. t. 37; Bot. Mag. t. 5134. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 64. Hook. & Arn. Bot.
Beechey, 319. Eat. & Wr. 222. Dietr. Syn. 3.224. Torrey, Pac. R. Rep. 4. 64
& 7.7; Mex. Bound. 52, t. 3; Bot. Wilkes, 224. Belg. Hort. 10. 97, t. 97, f£. 1-3.
Fl. des Serres, 14. 45, t. 1411. Boland. in Proc. Calif. Acad. 3.78; Cat. 4. Brew.
& Wats. Bot. Calif. 1. 22.

D. Harfordii. Kellogg, Proc. Calif. Acad. 5. 102.

ESCHSCHOLTZIA Californica. Cham. in Nees, Hor. Phys. Berol. 73, t. 15.
Cham. & Schlecht. in Linn. 1. 554. DC. Prodr. 3. 344. Don, Mill. 1. 137, f£ 41.
Maund, Bot. Gard. 7, t. 298. Hook. & Arn. Bot. Beechey, 134. Walp. Rep.
1.116. Kat. & Wr.194. Dietr. Syn. 8.285. Benth. Pl. Hartw. 296. Gray, Pl.
Thurb. 300; Ives’ Rep. 5; Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist..7. 145. Torr. & Gray, Pac.
R. Rep. 2.119. Torrey, same, 4. 64 & 7.7; Mex. Bound. 31; Bot. Wilkes, 224.
Newberry, Pac. R. Rep. 6.67. Durand, Pl. Pratten. 80. | Wood, Cl.-Book, 224;
Bot. & Fl. 82. Maout & Decne, 410, figs. Anderson, Cat. Pl. Nev. 117. Boland.
Cat. 4. Watson, King’s Rep. 5.13. Brew. & Wats. Bot. Calif. 1. 22.

E. crocea. Benth. Trans. Hort. Soe. 2. 1. 407. Lindl. Bot. Reg. t. 1677. Don;
Sweet, Brit. Fl. Gard. 2 ser. t.299. Hook. Bot. Mag. t. 3495. Paxton, Mag.
Bot. 3.42 & t. Spach, Hist. Veg. 7. 49. Dietr. Syn. 3. 286. Baill. Hist. Pl. 3. 119,
f. 138-140.

Chryseis compacta. Lindl. Bot. Reg. t. 1948.

Omonoia Californica. Raf. Fl. Tellur. 2. 92.

C. crocea. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1.63. Eat. & Wr. 194.

C. Californica. Hook. & Arn. Bot. Beechey, 319. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 664.
Eat. & Wr. 194. Cooper, Pac. R. Rep. 12. 56.

Eschscholtzia compacta. Walp. Rep. 1.116. Dietr. Syn. 3. 286.

Chryseis Californica, var. albiflora, Lindl. Journ. Hort. Soe. 7. 279.

42 PAPAVERACEZ. [Eschscholtzia. Papaver.

Var. Dougiasii. Gray, Field & Gard. Bot. 49. Brew. & Wats. 1. c. 23.

E. Californica. Lindl. Bot. Reg. t. 1168. Sweet, Brit. Fl. Gard. t. 265.
Hook. Bot. Mag. t. 2887; Fl. Bor.-Am. 1. 34. Lodd. Bot. Cab. t. 1635. Spach,
Hist. Veg. 7. 48, t. 140.

Chryseis Californica. Torr. & Gray, FI. 1. 63.

C. Douglasii. Hook. & Arn. Bot. Beechey, 520. Torr. & Gray, FI. 1. 664.
Cooper, Pac. R. Rep. 12. 56.

E. Douglasii. Benth. Pl. Hartw. 296. Walp. Rep. 1.116. Torrey, Pac. R. Rep.
4.64 & 7.7; Mex. Bound. 31; Bot. Wilkes, 224. Newberry, Pac. R. Rep. 6. 66.
Wood, Cl.-Book, 224; Bot. & FL 52.

E. Californica, var. parvula. Gray, Pl. Wright. 2. 10.

Var. ceespitosa. Brewer, Bot. Calif. 1. 23.

E. cespitosa. Benth. Trans. Hort. Soc. 2. 1.407. Walp. Rep. 1.116. Dietr.
Syn. 3. 286. Boland. Cat. 4.

E. tenuifolia. Benth.1. c. 408; Pl. Hartw. 296. Walp. Rep. 1.116. Eat. & Wr.
194. Dietr. Syn. 5. 286. Hook. Bot. Mag. t. 4812. Gray, Proc. Bost. Soe. 7. 145.

Chryseis ccespitosa & tenuifolia. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 64. Hook. & Arn. 1. ¢.

E. Californica, var. tenuifolia. Torr. Pac. Rep. 4.64. Gray, Ives’ Rep. 5, in part.

Var. hypecoides. Gray, Ives’ Rep. 5. Watson, Proc. Am. Acad. 11. 122.
Parry, Am. Naturalist, 9. 268. Brew. & Wats. 1. ¢.

E. hypecoides. Benth. 1. ec. Walp. Rep. 1. 116. Dietr. Syn. 3. 286.

Chryseis hypecoides. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 64. Hook. & Arn. Bot. Beechey, 320.
E. minutiflora. Watson, Proc. Am. Acad. 11. 122. Brew. & Wats. 1. ¢.

E. Californica, var. tenuifolia. Gray, Ives’ Rep. 5, in part.

E. Californica, var. hypecoides. Watson, King’s Rep. 5. 14.

HUNNEMANNIA fumariefolia. Sweet, Brit. Fl. Gard. t. 276. Hook. Bot.
Mag. t. 3061. Engelm. Wisliz. Rep. 30. (N. E. Mexico.)
MECONOPSIS heterophylla. Benth.l.c. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1.61. Hook.
& Arn. 1. c. 320. Walp. Rep. 1.110. Eat. & Wr. 315. Dietr. Syn. 3. 228. Hook.
Icon. t. 732. Torrey, Pac. R. Rep. 4.64; Mex. Bound. 31. Gray, Proc. Bost.
Soc. 7. 145.. Boland. Cat. 4. Brew. & Wats. Bot. Calif. 1. 22.

M. crassifolia. Benth. Trans. Hort. Soc. 2. 1.408. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 61.

Hook. & Arn. Bot. Beechey, 320. Walp. Rep. 1.110. Dietr. 3. 225.
PAPAVER nudicaule. Linn. Spec. 507. See syn. in DC. Syst. 2. 70; Elkan,
Papav. 16 (Walp. Rep. 1. 111); Fisch. & Mey. Ind. Sem. Petr. 3. 43 & Ledeb. FI.
Ross. 1. 87, as P. alpinum; Hook. f. & Thomp. Fl. Ind. 1. 249; Regel, Fl. Ost-Sib.
1. 127, as P. alpinum. — Pursh, 365. R. Br. in Ross’ Voy. 142; Parry’s Ist Voy.
Appx. 265. Greville, Mem. Soc. Wern. 3. 430. Richards. Frankl. Journ. 12.
Hook. in Trans. Linn. Soc. 14. 862; Fl. Bor.-Am. 1. 34. Cham. & Schlecht. in
Linn. 1. 551. Meyer, Pl. Lab. 83. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 60. Hook. & Arn. Bot.
Beechey, 121. Seem. Bot. Herald, 23, 50, 54 & 55. Durand, Pl. Kane, 186.
Lange, Pl. Grénl. 129. Hook. f. in Jour. Linn. Soc. 1. 116, 120 & 5.82. Dickie,
same, 3. 110 & II. 33.

P. alpinum. Winn. Spec. 507. Hook. f. Arct. Pl. 284 & 313. Gray, Am. Jour.
Sci. 2. 33. 407; Proc. Acad. Philad. 1863, 57. Rothr. Fl. Alask. 442. Porter, Fl.
Col. 6.

Var. radicatum. DC. Syst. 2. 70. Oeder, Fl. Dan. t. 41. Elkan, 1. ¢. 17.
Apparently including all North American forms.
P. alpinum, var. xanthopetalum. Regel, Fl. Ost-Sib. 1. 128.

Var. microcarpum. Elkan, l. ec. 17.

Papaver. Stylophorum.| PAPAVERACE. 43

P. alpinum, var. microcarpum. Fisch. & Mey. 1. c. 48. Regel, 1. ¢. 180.
P. somnirervum, Linn. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1.60. Gray, Manual, 59.

PLATYSTEMON Californicus. Benth. Trans. Hort. Soc. 2. 1. 405. Lindl.
Bot. Reg. t. 1679 (Litt. Ber. zu Linn. 1835, 54). Don; Sweet, Brit. Fl. Gard.
2 ser. t. 394. Hook. Bot. Mag. t. 3579. Maund, Bot. Gard. 13, t. 582; Botanist,
2,t.65. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1.65. Hook. & Arn. Bot. Beechey, 318. Spach, Hist.
Veg. 7. 54. Dietr. Syn. 3. 286. Sweet, Orn. Fl. Gard. 2,t. 115. Torrey, Pac. R.
Rep. 4. 64 & 7.7; Mex. Bound. 81. Newberry, Pac. R. Rep. 6.67. Boland. Cat. 4.
Baill. Hist. Pl. 3. 105, f. LOS-111.

Var. leiocarpus. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 65. Benth. Pl. Hartw. 296. Tor-
rey, Il. ce.

P. leiocarpum. Fisch. & Mey. Ind. Sem. Petr. 2. 47 (Ann. Sci. Nat. 2. 5. 180;

Hook. Comp. Bot. Mag. 2. 8; Litt. Ber. zu Linn. 1887, 117). Hook. Bot. Mag.
t. 3750. Knowles, FL Cab. 2. 129, t. 76.

PLATYSTIGMA Californicum. Benth. & Hook. Genera, 1. 51. Boland.
» @atsrar

Meconella Californica. Torrey, Frem. Rep. 812 (Bot. Zeit. 5. 40); Pac. R. Rep.
4.64; Mex. Bound. 31. Walp. Ann. 1. 23.

P. lineare. Benth. Trans. Hort. Soc. 2. 1. 407. Fisch. & Mey. Ind. Sem. Petr.
2. 47 (ll. cc.). Hook. Icon. t. 38; Bot. Mag. t. 3575. Lindl. Bot. Reg. t. 1954.
Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 65. Hook. & Arn. Bot. Beechey, 319. Spach, Hist. Veg.
7.51. Dietr. Syn. 3. 286. Torrey, Pac. R. Rep. 4. 64; Mex. Bound. 31. New-
berry, Pac. R. Rep. 6. 67. Boland. Cat. 4. Baill. Hist. Pl. 3. 106, f. 112.

P. Oreganum. Benth. & Hook. Genera, 1. 51.

Mecondla Oregana. Nutt.; Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 64. Hook. Icon. t. 360.
Dietr. Syn. 38. 286.
ROMNEYA Coulteri. Harvey in Lond. Jour. Bot. 4. 74, t. 3. Walp. Rep.
5.21. Torrey, Mex. Bound. 31. Baill. Hist. Pl. 5. 107.

SANGUINARIA Canadensis. Linn. Spec. 505. Hill, Veg. Syst. 16, t. 31.
Ait. Hort. Kew. 2. 223. Sims, Bot. Mag. t.162. Lam. Ill. 3. 15, t. 449. Willd.
Spec. 2. 1140. Michx. Fl. 1. 309. Poir. Dict. 6. 499. Persoon, 2. 61. Pursh,
366. Bigel. Med. Bot. 1. 75, t. 7. Nutt. Genera, 2.10. DC. Syst. 2. 89; Prodr.
1.121. Elliott, 2. 18. Spreng. Syst. 2. 604. Torrey, Ann. Lye. N. Y. 2. 166;
Fl. N. Y. 1. 43; Nicol. Rep. 144; Emory’s Rep. 406. Raf. Med. Fl. 2. 78, f. 83,
Maund, Bot. Gard. 6, t. 242. Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am. 1.35. Don, Mill. 1.186. Lodd.
Bot. Cab. t. 1840. Lindl. Fl. Med. 16. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1.62. Spach, Hist.
Veg. 7.39. Dietr. Syn. 3. 261. Leavenworth, Am. Jour. Sci. 1. 49. 1580. Nees,
Pl. Wied, 4. Gray, Genera, 1. 116, t. 49; Struct. Bot. 388, f 688-693; Manual,
60. Parry, Pl. Minn. 609. Chapman, 22. Lesqx. Fl. Ark. 348. Pl. Bourgeau, 254.
Gibb in Canad. Nat. 10. 482. Baill. Hist. Pl. 3. 114, f. 128, 129.

S. acaulis. Moench, Meth. 227.

S. vernalis. Salisb. Prodr. 377.

S. grandiflora. “Rose. Fl. lll. t. 8.’ Sweet, Brit. Fl. Gard. 2 ser. t. 147.

STYLOPHORUM diphyllum. Nutt. Genera, 2.7. Spreng. Syst. 2.570. Don,
Mill. 1. 135. Dietr. Syn. 8. 223. Gray, Genera, 1. 114, t. 48; Manual, 59.
Hook. Bot. Mag. t.4867. Lesqx. Fl. Ark. 348.

Chelidonium diphyllum. Michx. Fl. 1. 809. Persoon, 2. 61. Poir. Suppl. 2. 209.
Pursh, 365.

Stylophorum petiolatum. Nutt. Genera, 2. 8. Don, Mill. 1. 185. Dietr. Syn.
3. 228.

44 PAPAVERACE. {Stylophorum. Corydalis.

Meconopsis diphylla. DC. Syst. 2.88; Prodr. 1. 121. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 61.
Walp. Rep. 1.110. Wood, Cl.-Book, 224; Bot. & FI. 82.
Meconopsis petiolata. DC. Syst. 2. 87; Prodr. 1.21. Torrey, Ann. Lye. N. Y.
2. 165.
' Stylophorum Ohioense. Spreng. Syst. 2. 570.

FUMARIACE A.

ADLUMIA cirrhosa. Raf. in N. Y. Med. Rep. 5. 858, & Desv. Jour. Bot.
2.169. DC. Syst. 2. 111; Prodr. 1.126. Beck, Bot. 24. Darling. Fl. Cestr. 399.
Sweet, Brit. Fl: Gard. t. 189. Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am. 1. 86. Don, Mill. 1. 141.
Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1.68. Spach, Hist. Veg. 7.71. Torrey, Fl..N. Y.1.47. Dietr.
Syn. 4.487. Gray, Genera, 1. 122, t. 51; Manual, 60. Chapman, 22. Baill. Hist.
Pl. 3. 125.
Fumaria fungosa. Ait. Hort. Kew. 3. 1. Gmel. Syst. 2. 1079. Willd. Spec. _
3. 857. Poir. Suppl. 2. 688. Spreng. Syst. 3. 162.
Bicuculla fumarioides. Borckh. in Roem. Arch. 1. 2. 46 (Bot. Zeit. 15. 645).
Pfeiff. in Bot. Zeit. 15. 649.
Capnoides scandens. Moench, Suppl. 215.
Fumaria recta. Michx. FI. 2. 51.
Corydalis fungosa. Vent. Choix Pl. Cels, t. 19. Persoon, 2. 269. Willd.
Enum. 739. Pursh, 468. Bigel. Fl. Bost. 2 ed. 263.
CORYDALIS aurea. Willd. Enum. 740. Pursh, 463. DC. Syst. 2. 125, in
part; Prodr. 1. 128. Richards. Frankl. Journ. 16. Elliott, 2.178. Spreng. Syst.
3.161. Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am. 1. 37; Jour. Bot. 1. 190. Don, Mill. 1. 148. Bernh.
in Linn. 8. 470. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1.68; Pac. R. Rep. 2. 159. Torrey, Fl. N. Y.
1.48; Nicol. Rep. 144; Stansb. Rep. 883. Nees, Pl. Wied, 4. Dietr. Syn. 4. 890.
Gray, Genera, 1. 124, t. 52; Pl. Thurb. 299; Pac. R. Rep. 12. 40; Ives’s Rep. 5;
Manual, 62. Scheele, Roemer’s Texas, 436. Parry, Pl. Minn. 609. Seem. Bot.
Herald, 51. Durand, Pl. Utah, 158. Chapman, 23. Regel, Fl. Ost-Sib. 1. 145;
Gart. Fl. 10, t. 343; Fl. Ussur. 19. Miquel, Ann. Mus. Lugd.-Bat. 3.18. Por-
ter, Hayd. Rep. 1870, 473.
Fumaria aurea. Muhl.; Willd. 1.c. Poir. Suppl. 2. 688. Ker, Bot. Reg. t. 66.
Neckeria aurea. Pfeiff. in Bot. Zeit. 15. 649.
C. speciosa. Maxim. Prim. Fl. Amur. 39.
Var. occidentalis. Gray, Pl. Fendl. 6; Manual, 62; Hall’s Pl. Tex. 3. Porter,
Hayd. Rep. 1871, 478. Watson, King’s Rep. 5. 14.
C. montana. Engelm.; Wood, Bot. & Fl. 34.
C. aurea. Torrey, Bot. Wilkes, 225. :
Var. micrantha. Engelm.; Gray, Manual, 62. Watson, King’s Rep. 5. 14.
Var. macrantha. Wood, Bot. & Fl. 34.
C. Caseana. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 10. 69.
C. crystallina. Engelm.; Gray, Manual, 62.
C. aurea, var. erystallina. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 665.
C. curvisiliqua. Engelm.; Gray, Manual, 62.

C. aurea, var. curvisiliqua. Gray, Proc. Acad. Philad. 1863, 57; Pl. Wright. 2. 10.
Torrey, Mex. Bound. 32. Porter, Fl. Col. 6.

C. flavula. DC. Prodr. 1. 129. Don, Mill. 1. 144. Nees, Pl. Wied, 4. Gray,
Manual, 61.

Corydalis. Dicentra.| FUMARIACEZ. 45

Fumaria flavula. Raf. in Desv. Jour. Bot. 1. 224. Poir. Suppl. 5. 684.
Neckeria flavula. Pfeiff. in Bot. Zeit. 15. 649.
C. aurea, var. flavula. Wood, Bot. & FI. 34.
C. glauca. Pursh, 463. DC. Syst. 2.123; Prodr. 1. 128. Bigel. Fl. Bost. 2 ed.
262. Spreng. Syst. 3.161. Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am. 1. 87. Don, Mill. 1. 148. Torr.
& Gray, Fl. 1.69. Torrey, Fl. N. Y. 1.48. Dietr. 4. 890. Seem. Bot. Herald, 50.
Chapman, 23. Hook. f. Arct. Pl. 284. Rothr. Alask. 442. Gray, Manual, 61.
Fumaria sempervirens. Linn. Spec. 700. Lam. Dict. 2.569. Ait. Hort. Kew. 3. 2.
Willd. Spec. 3. 863. Michx. Fl. 2. 51.
Neckeria sempervirens. Scop. Introd. Hist. Nat.313. Pfeiff. in Bot. Zeit. 15. 649.
Fumaria glauca. Curtis, Bot. Mag. t. 179.
Capnoides glauca. Moench, Meth. 52.
Capnoides sempervirens. Borckh. in Roem. Arch. 1%. 44. Persoon, 2. 269.
Willd. Enum. 740.
Corydalis sempervirens. Persoon, 2. 269. Richards. Frankl. Journ. 16. Bernh.
-in Linn. 8. 470. Regel, Fi. Ost-Sib. 1. 147.
C. peeonieefolia. Persoon, 2. 269. DC. Syst. 2. 122; Prodr. 1.128. Cham. &
Schlecht. in Linn. 1. 562. Turez. Fl. Baic. 1. 104. Ledeb. Fl. Ross. 1. 102 & 746.
Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 69 & 665, under C. Scoulert.
Fumaria peonicefolia. Steph.; Willd. Spec. 3. 859. Poir. Suppl. 2. 683.

C. pauciflora. Persoon, 2. 269. DC. Syst. 2.115; Prodr. 1. 127. Deless. Icon.
Sel. 2,t.9,f. A. Cham. & Schlecht. in Linn. 1. 560. Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am. 1. 387.
Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1.70. Hook. & Arn. Bot. Beechey, 121. Ledeb. Fl. Alt. 8. 240;
Icon. t. 450; Fl. Ross. 1.97. Turez. Fl. Baic. 1. 102. Seem. Bot. Herald, 23.
Hook. f. Arct. Pl. 284. Rothr. Alask. 442.

Fumaria pauciflora, Steph.; Willd. Spec. 3. 861. Poir. Suppl. 2. 684.

F’. Altaica. Ledeb. Mem. Acad. Petr. 5. 551.

Bulbocapnos pauciflora. Bernh. in Linn. 8. 469.

C. Scouleri. Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am. 1. 36,t.13. Don, Mill. 1. 148. Torr. & Gray,
FL. 1. 69 & 665. Walp. Rep. 1.121. Dietr. 4. 889. Cooper, Pac. R. Rep. 12. 56.
C. macrophylla, Nutt.; Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1.69. Walp. Rep. 1. 121.

DICENTRA Canadensis. (On the nomenclature of the genus, variously known
as Diclytra, Dielytra and Dicentra, and of the order, see Pfeiffer in Bot. Zeit. 15.
641-650.) DC. Prodr. 1. 126. Hook. Bot. Mag. t. 3031. Don, Mill. 1. 140.
Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 67. Torrey, Fl. N. Y. 1.46. Dietr. 4. 887. Gray, Genera,
1. 120, t. 50, f£ 1-5; Manual, 61. Schnizl. Icon. t. 1802, f 1. Traill, Canad.
Fl. 37, t. 4.

Corydalis formosa. Pursh, 462, in part.

Corydalis Canadensis. Goldie, Edinb. Phil. Jour. 6. 830. Thomas, Am. Jour.
Sci. 1. 26. 114, with t.

D. eximia, var. B. Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am. 1. 35.

D. eximia. Beck, Bot. 23; not DC. Darling. FI. Cestr. 399.
D. chrysantha. Hook. & Arn. Bot. Beechey, 320, t. 73. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 665.
Walp. Rep. 1.118. Dietr. Syn. 4. 887. Gray, Genera, 1.120; Proc. Bost. Soc.
Nat. Hist. 17.145. Paxton, Fl. Gard. 3. 151,t.103. Torrey, Mex. Bound. 22.
Boland. Cat. 4. Brew. & Wats. Bot. Calif. 1. 24.

Capnorchis chrysantha. Planch. FI. Serr. 8. 193, t. 820 (Walp. Ann. 4. 176).
D. Cucullaria. DC. Syst. 1. 108; Prodr. 1. 125. Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am. 1. 35. Don,
Mill. 1.140. Beck, Bot. 23. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1.66. Eat. & Wr. 224. Torrey,
Fl. N. Y. 1. 45; Nicol. Rep. 144; Bot. Wilkes, 225. Nees, Pl. Neuwied, 4. Dietr.

46 FUMARIACE. [Dicentra. Fumaria.

4.487. Parry, Pl. Minn. 609. Planch. Fl. Serr. 8, t.920. Pfeiff. in Bot. Zeit.
15. 649. Lemaire, Ill. Hort. 6, t. 215. Chapman, 23. Gray, Manual, 61. Brew.
& Wats. 1. c.

Fumaria Cucullaria. Linn. Spec. 699; Mant. 487. Lam. Dict. 2. 571. Ait. Hort.
Kew. 3.1. Willd. Spec. 3. 857. Michx. Fl. 2.51. Sims, Bot. Mag. t. 1127.

D. Canadensis. Borekh. in Roem. Arch. 1?. 46 (Bot. Zeit. 15. 645).

Fumaria pallida. Salisb. Prodr. 377.

Corydalis Cucullaria. Persoon, 2. 269. Hornem. Hort. Hafn. 2. 668. Willd.
Enum. 739. Pursh, 462. Nutt. Genera, 2. 86. Bigel. Fl. Bost. 2 ed. 263. Spreng.
Syst. 3. 162. Torrey, Compend. 259.

Cucullaria bulbosa. Rat. Med. Rep. 5. 855; Desf. in Journ. Bot. 2. 169.

Capnorchis Cucullaria. Planch. Fl. Serr. 8. 198 (Walp. Ann. 4. 176).

D. eximia. DC. Syst. 1. 109; Prodr. 1. 126. Don, Mill. 1. 140. Maund, Bot.
Gard. 8, t. 340. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 665. Torrey, Fl. N. Y. 1. 46. Gray,
Genera, 1. 120, t. 50, f£ G-10; Manual, 61. Chapman, 23.

Corydalis formosa. Pursh, 462, in part. Thomas, Am. Jour. Sci. 26. 114, & t.

Fumaria eximia. Ker, Bot. Reg. t. 50 (Spreng. Neue Entdeck. 1. 330). Bur-
nett, Encye. 2 ed. t. 227.

Fumaria formosa. Poir. Suppl. 6. 684.

D. formosa. Elliott, 2.177. Don, Mill. 1. 140, in part. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 67, -
excl. syn.

Corydalis eximia. Spreng. Syst. 8. 162.

Eucapnos eximia. Borckh. in Linn. 8. 468.

Capnorchis eximia. Planch. Fl. Serr. 8. 193 (Walp. Ann. 4. 177).

D. formosa. DC. Syst. 2. 109, & Prodr. 1. 125, in part. Hook. FI. (35;'&
Don, Mill. 1. 140, im part. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 665. Benth. Pl. Hartw. 296.
Dietr. Syn. 4. 887. Newberry, Pac. R. Rep. 6. 66. Cooper, same, 12. 56. Durand,
Pl. Pratten. 80. Wood, Cl.-Book, 225. Boland. Cat. 4. Torrey, Bot. Wilkes, 225.

Funaria formosa. Andr. Bot. Rep. 6, t. 393. Sims, Bot. Mag. t.1335. Dry-
ander in Ait. f. Hort. Kew. 4. 239. :

Corydalis formosa. Spreng. Syst. 8. 162.

D. eximia. Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am. 1. 35, excl. var. Don, Mill. 1. 140.

Eucapnos formosa. Bernh. in Linn. 8. 468. Spach, Hist. Veg. 7. 68.

D. saccata. Nutt.; Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1.67. Walp. Rep. 1.118. Dietr. 4. 887.

Capnorchis formosa. Planch. Fl. Serr. 8. 193 (Walp. Ann. 4. 177).

D. lachenalizflora. DC. Syst. 2. 111; Prodr. 1. 126. Cham. & Schlecht. in
Linn. 1. 556. Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am. 1. 86. Don, Mill. 1. 140. Torr. & Gray, Fl.
1. 68 & 665. Ledeb. Fl. Ross. 1.97. Dietr. Syn. 4. 887.

Fumaria peregrina. Rudolphi, Mem. Acad. Petr. 1. 379, t. 19.

Corydalis tenuifolia. Pursh, 462.

Fumaria tenuifolia. Ledeb. Mem. Acad. Petr. 5. 550. Poir. Suppl. 5. 684.

D. tenuwifolia. DC. Syst. 2.110; Prodr. 1. 126. Deless. Icon. Sel. 2. 4, t. 9, f. B.
Hook. FI. Ber.-Am. 1. 385. Ledeb. Fl. Ross. 1.97. Regel & Til. Fl. Ajan. 43.

Corydalis lachenaliflora & tenuifolia. Spreng. Syst. 8. 162.
D. uniflora. Kellogg, Proc. Calif. Acad. 4. 141, fig. Porter, Hayd. Rep. 1872,
760. Brew. & Wats. Bot. Calif. 1. 24.
FUMARIA orricrnaris, Linn. Pursh, 463. Elliott, 2.179. Bigel. Fl. Bost.
2 ed. 262. Torrey, Compend. 391. Arnott; Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am. 1. 57. Beck,
Bot. 23. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1.70. Eat. & Wr. 248. Torrey, Fl. N. Y. 1.49. Gray,
Manual, 62.

Alyssum. Arabis.] CRUCIFERZ. AT

CRUCIFERA.

ALYSSUM catycrnum, Linn. Gray, Manual, 72. Wood, Bot. & FI. 40.

A. Lescurii. Gray, Manual, 72.

Vesicaria (?) Lescurii. Gray, Manual, 2 ed. 88. Chapman, 29.
ARABIS alpina. Linn. Spec. 664. See syn. in DC. Syst. 2.217; Ledeb. Fl.
Ross. 1. 117. — Pursh, 436. Greville, Mem. Soc. Wern. 3. 431. Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am.
1.41. Meyer, Fl. Lab. 85. Don, Mill. 1.161. Schlecht. Fl. Lab. in Linn. 10. 102.
Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 80. Durand, Pl. Kane, 186. Lange, Pl. Gronl. 131. Hook.
f. in Jour. Linn. Soc. 5. 82; Arct. Pl. 284.

A. arcuata. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 6. 187. Boland. Cat. 5. Watson, King’s
Rep. 18.

Streptanthus arcuatus. Nutt.; Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 77. Walp. Rep. 1. 128.
Dietr. Syn. 3. 730. Torrey, Mex. Bound. 38.

A. blepharophylla. Hook. & Arn. Bot. Beechey, 821. Torr. & Gray, FI. 1. 667.
Walp. Rep. 1. 132. Dietr. Syn. 8. 698. Kellogg, Proc. Calif. Acad. 1. 83. Gray,
Proc: Am. Acad. 6. 167. Boland. Cat. 5. Hook. f. Bot. Mag. t. 6087.

A. Canadensis. Linn. Spec. 655. Hill, Veg. Syst. 12, t. 9, f 4 Lam. Dict.
1. 221. Willd. Spec. 3. 540. R. Br. in Ait. f. Hort. Kew. 4. 108. Persoon, 2. 205.
DC. Syst. 2. 238; Prodr. 1. 147. Deless. Icon. Sel. 2. 9, t. 28. Elliott, 2. 148.
Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am. 1. 43. Beck, Bot. 80. Darling. Fl. Cestr. 883. Torr. & Gray,
Fl. 1. 82. Torrey, Nicol. Rep. 145; Fl. N. Y. 1.55. Dietr. Syn. 8. 694. Gray,
Genera, 1. 142, t. 58, f. 8 (seed); Struct. Bot. 890, f 698-700; Manual, 68.
Parry, Pl. Minn. 609. Chapman, 28.

A. falcata. Michx. Fl.1.31. Poir. Suppl. 1.414. Pursh, 487. Bigel. Fl. Bost. 251.

A. mollis & Turritis lyrata. Raf. in Am. Month. Mag. 2. 43.

A. lyrefolia. DC. Syst. 2. 244; Prodr. 1. 148. Don, Mill. 1. 166.

A. canescens. Nutt.; Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1.83. Walp. Rep. 1.133. Dietr. Syn.
3. 694. Watson, King’s Rep. 5. 16 (& var. latifolia). Torrey, Bot. Wilkes, 228.

A. puberula. Nutt.; Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 82. Hook. Icon. t. 359. Walp. Rep.
1.133. Dietr. Syn. 3. 698.

A. dentata. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 80. Walp. Rep. 1. 183. Dietr. Syn. 3. 690,
Torrey, Nicol. Rep. 145; Fl. N. Y. 1.54, t.'7. Parry, Pl. Minn. 609. Chapman, 27.
Gray, Manual, 67.

Sisymbrium dentatum. Torrey; Short’s Pl. Kentucky, 3d Suppl. 338.

Shortia dentata. Raf. Autikon Bot. 17.

A. Drummondii. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 6. 187; Manual, 69. Porter, Fl. Col. 6.

Twrritis stricta. Graham in Edinb. Phil. Jour. 1829, 350 (Litt. Ber. zu Linn.
1830, 158). Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am. 1. 40. Don, Mill. 1.161. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 79.
Walp. Rep. 1. 129. Dietr. Syn. 3. 688. Torrey, Fl. N. Y. 1.53. Gray, Genera,
1. 144, t.59; Manual, 1. ed. 36. Seem. Bot. Herald, 51. Wood, Bot. & Fl. 36.
Porter, Hayd. Rep. 1871, 478. Coulter, same, 1872, 760.

2 A. levigata. Hook. Fl. Bor-Am. 1. 48, not DC.

2 A. lilacina. Schrad. Ind. Sem. Gott. 1832 (Litt. Ber. zu Linn. 18383, 25).

L. glabra, var. G. Torr. & Gray, FI. 1. 78.

2 Turritis spathulata. Nutt.; Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 78. Walp. Rep. 1. 129. Dietr.
Syn. 3. 689.

Streptanthus angustifolius. Gray, Proc. Acad. Philad. 1863, 57, not Nutt.

48 CRUCIFERZ. | Arabis.

Var. brachycarpa. Gray, Manual, 69.
Turritis brachycarpa. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1.79. Walp. Rep. 1.130. Dietr. Syn.
3. 689. Gray, Manual, 1 ed. 37.
Var. alpina. Watson, King’s Rep. 5. 18. Porter, Hayd. Rep. 1871, 478; Fl.
Col. 6. Coulter, Hayd. Rep. 760.
% A. microphylla. Nutt.; Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 82. Walp. Rep. 1.183. Dietr,
Syn. 3. 693.
A. hirsuta, Scop. See syn.im DC. Syst. 2. 223; Ledeb. Fl. Ross. 1. 118; Regel,
Fl. Ost-Sib. 1. 160.— Cham. & Schlecht. in Linn. 1. 15. Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am.
1.42; Lond. Jour. Bot. 6. 69. Don, Mill. 1.162. Bongard, Sitch. 125. Darling.
Fl. Cestr. 2 ed. 882. Torr. & Gray, El. 1. 80. Torrey, Fl. N. Y. 1. 53; Bot.
Wilkes, 228. Gray, Pl. Fendl. 7; Pac. R. Rep. 12. 41; Am. Jour. Sci. 2. 383. 248 ;
Manual, 68. Seem. Bot. Herald, 51. Cooper, Pac. R. Rep. 12. 56. Chapman, 27.
Lesqx. Fl. Ark. 349. Pl. Bourgeau, 254. Hook. f. Arct. Pl. 284. Rothr. Alask.
442. Porter, Hayd. Rep. 1870, 473, & 1871, 478; Fl. Col. 6. Watson, King’s Rep.
5. 16, in part (n. 68).
Turritis ovata. Pursh, 488. Smith, Rees Cyc. n. 8.
Arabis ovata. Poir. Suppl. 5. 557.
Turritis hirsuta. Muhl. Cat. 61.
Turritis oblongata. Raf. Am. Monthly Mag. 2. 44.
A. sagittata. DC. Syst. 2. 222, with syn.; Prodr. 1. 148.. Richards. Frankl.
Journ. 15. Don, Mill. 1. 163.
A. rupestris. Nutt.; Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 81. Walp. Rep. 1. 1388. Dietr. Syn.
3. 692. Torrey, Bot. Wilkes, 228.
A. Gerardi, Bess., & var. borealis. Regel, Fl. Ost-Sib. 1. 161, with syn., keeping
it distinct from A. hirsuta, and including under it A. sagittata, borealis, ete.
Turritis patula. Pl. Bourgeau, 263, in part.
Var. glabrata. Torr & Gray, Fl. 1.80. Torrey, Pac. R. Rep. 4. 65.

A. Holbcellii. Hornem. Fl. Dan. 11, t.1879. Walp. Rep. 1. 182. Dietr. Syn.
3. 693. Lange, Pl. Grénl. 131. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 6. 187.

A. retrofracta. Graham, Edinb. Phil. Jour. 1829, 344 (Litt. Ber. zu Linn. 1830,
157). C. A. Meyer, Ind. Sem. Petr. 11. 51. Gray, 1. ec. Watson, King’s Rep.
5.18. Porter, Hayd. Rep. 1871, 478; Fl. Col. 6. Coulter, Hayd. Rep. 1872, 760.

Turritis patula. Graham, ll. ce., not Ehrh. Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am. 1. 40; Lond.
Jour. Bot. 6.69. Don, Mill. 1. 161. Treviranus, Flora, 16!. 124. Nutt. Jour.
Acad. Philad. 7.18. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 79. Gray, Pl. Fendl. 7; Pl. Wright, 2. 10;
Ives’s Rep. 6; Am. Jour. Sci. 2. 33. 242; Jour. Acad. Philad. 1868, 57. Torrey,
Sitgr. Rep. 155; Pac. R. Rep. 4. 65; Bot. Wilkes, 227. Aschers. in Flora, 43. 369.
Pl. Bourgeau, 263, in part.

Turritis retrofracta. Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am. 1. 41; Lond. Jour. Bot. 6.69. Don,
Mill. 1. 161. Torr. & Gray, EL 1. 79; Pac. R. Rep. 2.119; Walp. Rep. 1. 180.
Dietr. Syn. 8. 688. Gray, Pl. Fendl. 7. Pl. Bourgeau, 254. Anderson, Cat. 117.
Torrey, Bot. Wilkes, 228.

% Turritis mollis. Took. Fl. Bor.-Am. 1.40. Don, Mill. 1. 161. Torr. & Gray,
Fl. 1.78. Hornem. Fl. Dan. 18, t. 2296. Walp. Rep. 1. 129. Dietr. Syn. 3. 688.
Lange, Pl. Gronl. 131, keeping it distinct. Hook. f. Arct. Pl. 284 & 314, identifying
it with A. retrofracta. Possibly a form of A. Drummondii.

A. heteromalla & declinata. Schrad. Ind. Sem. Gott. 1831 (Litt. Ber. zu Linn.
1838, 22).

Streptanthus angustifolius & virgatus. Nutt.; Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 76. Walp. Rep.
1.128. Dietr. Syn. 8. 729.

Arabis.] CRUCIFER 2. 49

2 Arabis sparsiflora. Nutt.; Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1.81. Walp. Rep. 1. 1383. Dietr.
Syn. 3. 692. ;

Turritis Grahami. Lehm. Ind. Sem. Hamb. 1831 (Litt. Ber. zu Linn. 1831, 74).
Walp. Rep. 1. 129. Dietr. Syn. 3. 688.

A, patula. Torrey, Mex. Bound. 32. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 6. 187.

Sisymbrium reflecum. Kellogg, Proc. Calif. Acad. 2. 101, f. 29.

oo)

A. levigata. Poir. Suppl. 1. 411. DC. Syst. 2. 237; Prodr. 1. 147. Spreng.
Syst. 2. 892. Darling. Fl. Cestr. 2 ed. 382. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1.82. Dietr. Syn.
d. 694. Torrey, Fl. N. Y. 1. 55; Nicol. Rep. 145; Bot. Wilkes, 228. Gray,
Genera, 1. 142; Manual, 69. Parry, Pl. Minn. 609. Chapman, 28.

Turritis levigata. Muhl.; Willd. Spec. 8. 543. Persoon, 2. 205. Smith, Rees
Cye.n.2. Pursh, 488. Nutt. Genera, 2. 71.

A. pendula? Nutt. Genera, 2.70. DC. Syst. 2. 286, & Prodr. 1. 147, in part.

A. hvterophylla. Nutt.; Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 81. Walp. Rep. 1. 183. Dietr.
Syn. 3. 698. Gray, Manual, 1 ed. 36.
A. longirostris. Watson, King’s Rep. 5. 17, t. 2.

A. Ludoviciana. C. A. Meyer, Ind. Sem. Petr. 9. 60; Linn. 18. 170. Walp. Rep.
5. 84. Gray, Manual, 67; Hall’s Pl. Tex. 3.
Cardamine Virginica. inn. Spec. 656, as to syn. Gronov. & Pluk. Hill, Veg.
Syst. 12, t.19, #4. Willd. Spec. 3. 488. Persoon, 2. 196. Muhl. Cat. 63.
Cardamine Ludoviciana. Hook. Jour. Bot. 1. 191. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 85.
Walp. Rep. 1. 186. Dietr. 3. 698. Turez. Bull. Soc. Mose. 272. 294. Chapman, 26.
Cardamine Engelmanniana. Ind. Sem. Berol. 1840.

A. lyrata. Linn. Spec. 665. Hill, Veg. Syst. 12,t.9, f. 4 Willd. Spec. 3. 538.
Persoon, 2. 204. Pursh, 437. Nutt. Genera, 2. 70. DC. Syst. 2. 231; Prodr. 1. 146.
Richards. Frankl. Journ. 15. Don, Mill. 1. 164. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1.81. Torrey,
Fl. N. Y. 1. 54. Chapman, 27. Gray, Manual, 67. Porter, Hayd. Rep. 1870, 473.

Sisymbrium arabidoides. Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am. 1. 63, t. 21. Darling. Fl. Cestr.
2 ed. 387.

Sisymbrium humifusum. J: Vahl; Fl. Dan. 13, t. 2297. Lange, Pl. Gronl. 129.
Fournier, Mon. Sisymb. 183.

2 A, petrea, Lam. q.v. Hook. f. unites the two species.

A. patens. Sulliv. Am. Jour. Sci. 1. 42. 49. Gray, Genera, 1. 142; t. 58;
Manual, 69. Chapman, 27.

A. perfoliata. Lam. Dict. 1. 219. See syn. in DC. Syst. 2. 211, under Turritis
glabra; Ledeb. Fl. Ross. 1. 116; Regel, Fl. Ost-Sib. 1. 160.— Gray, Manual, 69.
Watson, King’s Rep. 5.17. Porter, Hayd. Rep. 1871, 478.

Turritis glabra. Linn. Spec. 666. Richards. Frankl. Journ. 15. Hook. FI.
Bor.-Am. 1. 40; Lond. Jour. Bot. 6. 69. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 78. Walp. Rep.
1.129. Gray, Pl. Fendl. 7; Manual, 1 ed. 36. Torrey, Pac. R. Rep. 4. 65. Hook. f.
Arct. Pl. 284. Pl. Bourgeau, 254. Wood, Bot. & Fl. 36.

Turritis macrocarpa. Nutt.; Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1.78. Walp. Rep. 1. 129. Dietr.
Syn. 3. 689. Torrey, Bot. Wilkes, 227.

Arabis macrocarpa. Torrey, Mex. Bound. 382.

Turritis perfoliata, Neck. Boland. Cat. 5.

A. petiolaris. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 6. 187; Hall’s Pl. Tex. 3.
Streptanthus petiolaris. Gray, Pl. Lindh. 143; Pl. Fendl. 7; Pl. Wright. 1. 7.
Walp. Ann. 2. 33. Torr. & Gray, Pac. R. Rep. 2.159. Torrey, Mex. Bound. 382.
Streptanthus Brazoensis. Buckley, Proc. Acad. Philad. 1861, 448, ex Gray, same,
1862, 161.
4

50 CRUCIFERZ.

[Arabis. Barbarea.

A. petrza. Lam. Dict. 1. 221. See syn. in DC. Syst. 2. 229; Ledeb. Fl. Ross.

1. 120; Regel, Fl. Ost-Sib. 1. 168. — Cham. & Schlecht. in Linn. 1. 15.
Torr. & Gray, El. 1 80:) Reel; 1) c. t..5) £ 5-10!
Hook. f. Arct. Pl. 284 & 314, including A. lyrata.

Bor.-Am. 1. 42, excl. syn.

Var. ambigua. Regel, |. c.

A. ambigua.
1.16. Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am. 1. 42.
Ledeb. Fl. Ross. 1. 120.

Hook. FI.

Gray, Manual, 67.

DC. Syst. 2. 231; Prodr. 1. 145. Cham. & Schlecht. in Linn.
Bong. Sitch. 125.

Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 81.

A. platysperma. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 6. 519. Watson, King’s Rep. 5. 16.
A. spathulata. Nutt.; Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 81, not DC. Walp. Rep. 1. 133.

Dietr. Syn. 3. 692.

A. hirsuta.
A. stricta, Huds.
Am. 1. 42.

A. ambigqua ; petrea.
bulbosa ; Cardamine rhomboidea.
declinata ; Holbeellii.
Douglassii ; Cardamine rotundifolia.
falcata ; Canadensis.
Gerardi; hirsuta.
hesperidoides ; Thelypodium pinnati-
fidum.
heteromalla ; Holbeellii.
heterophylla; levigata.
hirsuta; spathulata.
levigata & lilacina ; Drummondii.
lyrefolia ; Canadensis.
macrocarpa; perfoliata.
microphylla ; Drummondii.
mollis ; Canadensis.

BARBAREA vulgaris, R. Br.

Watson, King’s Rep. 5. 16, in part (n. 67).
See syn. in DC. Syst. 2. 224. — Pursh, 487. Hook. Fl. Bor.
Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 80. C. A. Meyer, FI. Lab. 85.

A, nudicaulis ; Parrya nudicaulis.
ovata ; hirsuta.
parviflora ; Sisymbrium Thaliana.
patula ; Holbeellii.
pendula ; levigata.
puberula ; canescens.
reptans ; Draba Caroliniana.
retrofracta ; Holbeellii.
rhomboidea ; Cardamine rhomboidea.
rotundifolia ; Draba Caroliniana.
rupestris ; hirsuta.
sagittata ; hirsuta.
sparsiflora ; Holbeellii.
Thaliana ; Sisymbrium Thaliana.
tuberosa; Cardamine rhomboidea.
Virginica ; Cardamine hirsuta.

See syn. in DC. Syst. 2. 206; Ledeb. Fl. Ross. °

1. 114; Regel, Fl. Ost-Sib. 1. 153; Hook. f. Arct. Pl. 8138. — Nutt. Genera, 2. 67.
Cham. & Schlecht. in Linn. 1.15. Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am. 1. 89; Lond. Jour. Bot.
6.69. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1.75. Torrey, Fl. N. Y. 1. 52; Bot. Wilkes, 226. Gray,
Genera, 1. 148, t. 62; Manual, 69. Seem. Bot. Herald, 51. Cooper, Pac. R. Rep.
12. 56. Hook. f. Arct. Pl. 284 & 318. Pl. Bourgeau, 254. Rothr. Fl. Alask. 442.
Boland. Cat. 4. Watson, King’s Rep. 5. 16.

Var. arcuata, Koch. Regel, 1. c. 157. Gray, Manual, 69.

Bongard, Sitch. 124. Ledeb. Fl. Ross. 1. 115, with syn.
Benth. Pl. Hartw. 297. Torrey, Pac. R. Rep. 4. 65. Mex.
Cooper, Pac. R. Rep. 6. 66.

Var. gracilis, DC. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 75. Watson, King’s Rep. 5. 16.

Var. stricta, Regel, 1. c. 155. Gray, Manual, 69.

B. precox, Richards. Frankl. Journ. 15. Cham. & Schlecht. in Linn. 1. 16.

Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am. 1. 89. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1.75. Pl. Bourgeau, 254.
Gray, Manual, 69.

B. arcuata, Bess.
B. vulgaris, var.
Bound. 338.

B. prmcox, R. Br.

Biscutella. Braya] CRUCIFERZ. ol

BISCUTELLA Californica. Benth. & Hook. Genera, 1. 91.

Dithyrea Californica, Harv. in Lond. Jour. Bot. 4. 77, t. 5. Walp. Rep. 5. 38 ;
Ann. 8. 821. Engelm. in Wisliz. Rep. 12. Gray, Pl. Wright. 2. 14; Ives’s Rep. 7.
Torrey, Pac. R. Rep. 4. 66 & 5. 859; Mex. Bound. 34.

B. Wislizeni. Benth. & Hook. Genera, 1. 91.

Iberis, n. sp. Torrey, Ann. Lyc. N. Y. 2. 166.

Dithyrea Wislizeni. Engelm. in Wisliz. Rep. 11. Gray, Pl. Lindh, 150; PI.
Fendl. 116; Pl. Wright. 1. 10 & 2. 14; Pl. Thurb. 299; Ives’s Rep. 7. Torrey,
Marcy’s Rep. 280, t. 2; Sitgr. Rep. 155 & 175; Pac. R. Rep. 4.66&7.8; Mex
Bound. 34. Walp. Ann. 3. 281. Torr. & Gray, Pac. R. Rep. 2. 159.

BRASSICA area. Gray, Manual, 70. Boland. Cat. 5.
Sinapis alba, Linn. Gray, Manual, 1 ed. 388. C. E. Smith, Proc. Acad. Philad.

1867, 17.
B. campestris, Linn. Gray, Manual, 71. Watson, King’s Rep. 5. 28.

B. nigra, Koch. Gray, Manual, 71. Boland. Cat. 5. Watson, King’s Rep. 5. 28.
Sinapis nigra, Linn. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1.99. Torrey, Fl. N. Y. 1. 61; Pac. R.
Rep. 7.8. Gray, Pl. Fendl. 9; Manual, 1 ed. 88; Pac. R. Rep. 12. 41.

B. Rapa, Linn. Hook. f. Arct. Pl. 286.

B. Sryaristrum, Boiss. Gray, Manual. 70. Coulter, Hayd. Rep. 1872, 761.
Sinapis arvensis, Linn. ‘Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1.99. Torrey, Fl. N. Y. 1. 61; Pac.
R. Rep. 7.8. Gray, Manual, 1 ed. 38. Hook. f. Arct. Pl. 286.

BRAYQA alpina, Sternb. & Hoppe. See syn. in Hook. f. Arct. Pl. 286 & 319;
Fournier, Mon. Sisymbr. 131, & Trautvetter, Trud. Petr. 1. 59, under Sisymbrium
alpinum. — Deless. Icon. Sel. 2.7, t. 22. Hook. Exot. Fl. 2, t. 121; Jour. Linn.
Soc. 5.82. A. Braun in Flora, 14°. 561, t. 2.

Var. Americana. Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am. 1.65. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 111.

Var. glabella.

B. glabella. Richards. Frankl. Journ. 15. DC. Prodr. 1. 141. Spreng. Syst.
2. 881. Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am. 1. 65. Don, Mill. 1.160. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 111.
Walp. Rep. 1. 172. Bunge, Ann. Sci. Nat. 2. 18. 222. Dietr. 3. 688. Seem. Bot.
Herald, 54 & 55.

Platypetalum purpurascens. R. Br. in Parry’s lst Voy. 267 (Flora, 7, Beil. 71).
Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am. 1. 66, t. 23. Don, Mill. 1. 268. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 111.
Hornem. Fl. Dan. 13, t. 2295. Walp. Rep. 1. 174. Dietr. 3. 674. Lange, FI.
Gronl. 130. Hook. f. Jour. Linn. Soc. 1.116 & 121. Dickie, same, 3. IIo.

P. dubium. R. Br. ll. ce. Hook.1.c. Don,l.c. Torr. & Gray,l.c. Walp.
Ic. Dietr: I. ¢:

B. arctica. Hook. in Parry’s 2d Voy. 887.

Sisymbrium alpinum, var. glabellum. 'Trauty. 1. ¢.

B. purpurascens. Bunge; Ledeb. Fl. Ross. 1. 195.

B. Eschscholtziana. Benth. & Hook. Genera, 1. 83. —

Aphragmus Eschscholtzianus. Andrz.in DC. Prodr. 1. 210. Don, Mill. 1. 228.
Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1.112. Dietr. 3.675. Rothr. Alask. 443.

Oreas involucrata. Cham. & Schlecht. in Linn. 1. 29, t.1. Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am.
1.67. Don, Mill. 2. 215.

Orobium involucratum. Reich. Consp. 185.

B. pilosa. Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am. 1. 65, t. 17. Don, Mill. 1. 160. Torr. & Gray,
Fl. 1.111. Walp. Rep. 1.172. Dietr. 8. 688. Seem. Bot. Herald, 51. Hook. f.
Arct. Pl. 286 & 319.

52 CRUCIFERZ. [Braya. Cardamine.

B. rosea. Bunge, Del. Sem. Dorp. 1839, 7 (Litt. Ber. zu Linn. 1840, 118) ; Ann.
Sci. Nat. 2. 18. 222; Ledeb. Fl. Ross. 1.195. Walp. Rep. 1.172. Hook. f. Arct.
Pl. 286 & 319.

Sisymbrium alpinum, var. roseum. 'Trauty. 1. ¢.
CAKILE Americana. Nutt. Genera, 2. 62. DC. Syst. 2. 429 & Prodr. 1. 185,
excl. var. Spreng. Syst. 2. 852. Don, Mill. 1. 200. Richard, Fl. Cuba, 69, under
C. maritima. Gray, Genera, 1. 170, t. 74; Manual, 75. Griseb. Fl. Brit. W. Ind.
15. Smith, Proc. Acad. Philad. 1867, 18.

C. maritima. Pursh, 484. Hook. f. Arct. Pl. 286.

Bunias edentula. Bigel. Fl. Bost. 157.

C. edentula. Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am. 1. 59.

C. maritima, var. Americana. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 119. Torrey, Ann. Lye.
INERYG 492) LGNE ele 6G%
C. maritima, Scop. See syn. in DC. Syst. 2. 428.

Var. zqualis. Chapman, 31. :

C. equalis, L’Her. DC. Syst. 2. 480; Prodr. 1. 185. Deless. Icon. Sel. 2. t. 5'7.
Griseb. 1. c. 14, with syn.

C. Americana, var. Cubensis. DC. Syst. 2. 480; Prodr. 1. 185.

C. Americana. Elliott, 2. 137.

C. maritima. Richard, Fl. Cuba, 66, in part.

CAMELINA sariva, Crantz. Beck, Bot. 27. Darling. Fl. Cestr. 879. Torr. &
Gray, Fl. 1. 110. Torrey, Fl. N. Y. 1. 68. Chapman, 30. Pl. Bourgeau, 254.
Gray, Manual, 78. Porter, Fl. Col. to.
CAPSELLA Boursa-pastoris, Moench. Walt. Fl. Car. 178. Richards. Frankl.
Journ. 16. Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am. 1.69. Darling. Fl. Cestr. 880. Torr. & Gray, FI.
1. 117. Torrey, Nicol. Rep. 145; Fl. N. Y. 1.65; Mex. Bound. 35; Bot. Wilkes,
234. Seem. Bot. Herald, 50. Parry, Pl. Minn. 609. Newberry, Pac. R. Rep.
6. 66. Cooper, same, 12. 56. Gray, same, 12. 41; Manual, 738. Lange, Pl. Gronl.
130. Aschers. in Flora, 43. 370. Chapman, 30. Hook. f. Arct. Pl, 286. Ander-
son, Cat. 117. Boland. Cat. 5. Watson, King’s Rep. 5. 28.

Thlaspi Bursa-pastoris, Linn. Pursh, 4385. Elliott, 2. 141.
C. divaricata. Walp. Rep. 1. 175. Watson, King’s Rep. 5. 28.

Hymenolobus divaricatus. Nutt.; Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1.117. Hook. Icon. t. 277.
Dietr. 3. 664. Torrey, Mex. Bound. 35.

H, erectus. Nutt.; 1. ec. Hook. Icon., under t. 277. Dietr. 1. e.

C. erecta. Walp. Rep. 1. 175.

C. pubens. Benth. & Hook. Genera, 1. 86
Hymenolobus pubens. Gray, Pl. Wright. 1.9 & 2.14. Walp. Ann. 4. 212. Tor-
rey, Mex. Bound. 34.

CARDAMINE angulata. Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am. 1. 44; Bot. Mise. 1. 843, t. 69.
Don, Mill. 1. 168. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 84. Hook. & Arn. Bot. Beechey, 135.
Walp. Rep. 1. 1386. Dietr. 8. 698. Cooper, Pac. R. Rep. 12. 56. Regel, Fl. Ost-
Sib. 1. 172, excl. var. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 8. 376. Torrey, Bot. Wilkes, 228.
C. bellidifolia. Linn. Spec. 654. See syn. in DC. Syst. 2. 249; Ledeb. Fl. Ross.
1. 123; Regel, Fl. Ost-Sib. 1..170; Hook. f. Arct. Pl. 314. — R. Br. in Parry’s Ist
Voy. 198. Cham. & Schlecht. in Linn. 1. 19. Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am. 1. 44. Don,
Mill. 1. 167. Beck, Bot. 81. Torr. & Gray, Fl.1. 84. Walp. Rep. 1. 135. Dietr.
3. 695. Seem. Bot. Herald, 54. Lange, Pl. Grénl. 131. Dickie, Jour. Linn. Soc.
1.110. Aschers. in Flora, 43. 369. Hook. f. Arct. Pl. 284 &314. Gray, Man-
ual, 66,

Cardamine.] CRUCIFERZ. 53

C. rotundifolia. Bigel. Fl. Bost. 2 ed. 252.

C. Lenensis. Andrz.; Ledeb. Icon. t. 268; Fl. Alt. 3. 33; FI. Ross. 1. 125.
Walp. Rep. 2. 757. Rothr. Alask. 443.
C. Breweri. Watson, Proc. Am. Acad. 10. 389. Brew. & Wats. Bot. Calif. 1. 31.

C. paucisecta, var. angulata. Anderson, Cat. Pl. Nevada, 117.

C. paucisecta. Porter, Hayd. Rep. 1870, 473; 1871, 478. Coulter, same,
1872, 760.

C. oligosperma. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 8. 376, not Nutt.

C. Clematitis. Shuttl. in Herb. Gray, ined.
Nasturtium officinale. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 666.

C. cordifolia. Gray, Pl. Fendl. 8; Am. Jour. Sci. 2. 33. 243; Proc. Acad. Philad.
1863, 57; Proc. Am. Acad. 8. 876. Walp. Ann. 2. 35. Watson, King’s Rep. 5. 19.
Porter, Fl. Col. 6. ‘Torrey, Bot. Wilkes, 229.

C. rhomboidea. Durand, Fl. Utah, 159. Porter, Hayd. Rep. 1871, 478.

C. hirsuta. Linn. Spec. 655. See syn. in DC. Syst. 2. 259; Ledeb. Fl. Ross.
1. 127; Hook. Fl. Tasm. 1. 20. — Richards. Frankl. Journ. 15. Cham. & Schlecht.
im) inns 1.) 20) Hook. El) Bor-Am. 1. 45; Jour: ‘Bot. 1. 191; Lond. Jour:
Bot. 6. 69. Bong. Sitch. 125. Beck, Bot. 31. Darling. Fl. Cestr. 885. Torr. &
Gray, Fl. 1.85. Torrey, Fl. N. Y. 1.57; Bot. Wilkes, 229. Parry, Pl. Minn. 609.
Cooper, Pac. R. Rep. 12. 56. Turez. Bull. Soc. Mose. 277. 294. Lesqx. Fl. Ark.
349. Chapman, 26. Gray, Proc. Acad. Philad. 1863, 57; Manual, 67; Proc. Am.
Acad. 8. 377, excl. var. Pl. Bourgeau, 254. Hook. f. Arct. Pl. 284 & 314. Rothr.
Alask. 443. Boland. Cat. 5. Watson, King’s Rep. 5. 20. Coulter, Hayd. Rep.
1872, 760. Porter, Fl. Col. 6.

C. Pennsylvanica. Muhl.; Willd. Spee. 3. 486. Persoon, 2. 196. Poir. Suppl.
2.395. Pursh, 240. DC. Syst. 2.258; Prodr. 1. 151. Hilliott, 2. 144. Don, Mill.
1. 169.

2 Sisymbrium Nasturtium. Walt. Fl. Car. 174.

Var. sylvatica. Gray, Manual, 67. -

C. Virginica. Michx. Fl. 2. 29, not Linn. Pursh, 489. DC. Syst. 2. 258;
Prodr. 1.151. Elliott, 2.144. Don, Mill. 1.169. Dietr. 3. 698.

Arabis Virginica.. Poir. Suppl. 1. 418.

C. sylvatica, Link. DC. Syst. 2. 260, and syn. Regel, Fl. Ost-Sib. 1. 171.

C. hirsuta, var. Virginica. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1.85. Chapman, 26.
C. oligosperma. Nutt.; Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 85. Walp. Rep. 1. 186. Dietr.
3.698. Benth. Pl. Hartw. 297. Torrey, Pac. R. Rep. 4. 65; Bot. Wilkes, 220.
Cooper, Pac. R. Rep. 12. 56. Boland. Cat. 5. Coulter, Hayd. Rep. 1872, 760.
Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 8. 376.

C. hirsuta, var. Gray, Proce. Am. Acad. 8. 377.
C. paucisecta. Benth. Pl. Hartw. 297. Walp. Ann. 2. 35. Durand, Pl. Pratten.
80. Boland. Cat. 5.

C. purpurea. Torr. & Gray, FI. 1. 667.

_C. angulata. Torrey, Pac. R. Rep. 4. 65, & 7. 7; Mex. Bound. 82. Boland.
Cat. 5.
C. pratensis. Linn. Spec. 656. See syn. in DC. Syst. 2. 256; Ledeb. Fl. Ross.
1. 125; Regel, Fl. Ost-Sib. 1. 175. —Pursh, 440. ‘Richards. Frankl. Journ. 15.
Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am. 1. 45. Beck, Bot. 31. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 84. Hook. &
Arn. Bot. Beechey, 121. Torrey, Fl. N. Y. 1.57. Seem. Bot. Herald, 24 & Gils

Lange, Pl. Gronl. 131. Hook. f. Arct. Pl. 285 & 314. Rothr. Alask. 443. Gray,
Manual, 66.

54 CRUCIFERZ. [Cardamine.

2 C. digitata. Richards. Frankl. Journ. 15. DC. Prodr. 1. 153. Spreng. Syst.
9.888. Cham. & Schlecht. in Linn. 1.19. Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am, 1. 45. Don, Mill.
1.170. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 86. Ledeb. Fl. Ross. 1. 128. Dietr. 38. 697. Seem.
Bot. Herald, 24 & 51. Hook. f. in Jour. Linn. Soc. 1. 120. Rothr. Alask. 443.

Var. angustifolia. Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am. 1. 45. Don, Mill. 1.169. Durand, Pl.
Kane, 186. ‘
C. purpurea. Cham. & Schlecht. in Linn. 1. 20. Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am. 1. 44. Don,
Mill, 1. 168 & 170. Torr. & Gray, FI. 1. 84. Hook. & Arn. Bot. Beechey, 121.
Ledeb. Fl. Ross. 1.127. Walp. Rep. 1. 186. Dietr. 8. 697. Seem. Bot. Herald, 23.
Hook. f. Arct. Pl. 215. Rothr. Alask. 443.

C. rhomboidea. DC. Syst. 2. 246; Prodr. 1.149. Spreng. Syst. 2. 885. Don,
Mill. 1. 167. Hook. Bot. Misc. 3. 239, t.108. Beck, Bot. 30. Darling. Fl. Cestr.
384. Torrey, Fl. N. Y. 1. 56. Gray, Genera, 1. 186, t. 55; Manual, 66. Parry, Pl.
Minn. 609. Chapman, 25.

Arabis bulbosa. Schreb.; Muhl. Ind. Fl. Lane. 174. Spreng. Mant. Fl. Hal. 46.

A. rhomboidea. Persoon, 2. 204. Poir. Suppl. 1. 414. Pursh, 487. Nutt. Gen-
era, 2.70. Elliott, 2.149. Bigel. Fl. Bost. 2 ed. 252. Darling. in Am. Jour. Sci.
1. 18. 857 (Litt. Ber. zu Linn. 1882, 5).

A. tuberosa. Persoon, 2. 204. Poir. Suppl. 1. 414.

% Thlaspi (2) tuberosum, Nutt. Genera, 2.65. DC. Syst. 2. 882; Prodr. 1. 177.
Spreng. Syst. 2. 879. Don, Mill. 1. 192. Beck, Bot. 25. Torr. & Gray, Fl.
1.114. Dietr. 3. 658.

C. rotundifolia, var. a. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 83.

C. rotundifolia. Michx. Fl. 2. 80. Persoon, 2. 195. Poir. Suppl. 2. 394. Pursh,
439. DC. Syst. 2. 247; Prodr. 1.149. Spreng. Syst. 2. 885. Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am.
1. 44; Bot. Misc. 8. 239, t.109. Beck, Bot. 80. Darling. Il. ce.; Fl. Cestr. 384.
Don, Mill. 1. 163. Gray, Am. Jour. Sci. 1. 42. 80 (Lond. Jour. Bot. 1. 237); Man-
ual, 66. Dietr. 8.695. Chapman, 25.

Arabis Douglassii. Torrey, Am. Jour. Sci. 1. 4. 63.

A. rhomboidea, var. purpurea. ‘Torrey, 1. c. 66.

CU. rotundifolia, vars. B. & y. Torr. & Gray, FI. 1. 83.
C. spathulata. Michx. Fl. 2. 29. Persoon, 2. 195. Pursh, 489. DC. Syst.
2.247; Prodr. 1. 149. Elliott, 2. 148. Spreng. Syst. 2. 885. Don, Mill. 1. 167.
Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 84. Dietr. 3.695. Chapman, 26. Wood, Cl.-Book, 231;
Bot. & Fl. 88. Known only from Michaux ?

C. angulata ; paucisecta. C. nudicaulis; Parrya nudicaulis.
articulata ; Parrya nudicaulis. oligosperma ; Breweri.
digitata ; pratensis. parviflora; hirsuta.
diphylla ; Dentaria diphylla. paucisecta ; Breweri.
Engelmanniana; Arabis Ludoviciana. Pennsylvanica ; hirsuta.
heterophylla ; Dentaria heterophylla. purpurea ; paucisecta.
hirsuta; oligosperma. rhomboidea ; cordifolia.
laciniata ; Dentaria laciniata. rotundifolia; bellidifolia, rhomboidea.
Lenensis ; bellidifolia. ; sylvatica ; hirsuta.
Ludoviciana ; Arabis Ludoviciana. teres; Nasturtium tanacetifolium.
maxima ; Dentaria maxima. uniflora ; Leavenworthia Michauxii.
Menziesii ; Sisymbrium canescens. Virginica ; hirsuta, Arabis Ludovici-
multifida; Sisymbrium canescens, ana.

Dentaria multifida.

Caulanthus. Cochlearia.] CRUCIFERZ. 5o

CAULANTHUS Coulteri. Watson, King’s Rep. 5. 27.

Streptanthus heterophyllus. Gray, Proc. Bost. Nat. Hist. Soc. 7. 145; Proc. Am.
Acad. 6. 185, in part.

S. Coultert. Gray; Watson, King’s Rep. 5. 19.

C. crassicaulis. Watson, King’s Rep. 5. 27.

Streptanthus crassicaulis. 'Torrey, Stansb. Rep. 383, t. 1 (Flora, 36. 702). Walp.
Ann. 4. 192. Durand, Fl. Utah, 159. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 6. 186. Watson,
Tero}

C. hastatus. Watson, King’s Rep. 5. 28, t. 23. Brew. & Wats. Bot. Calif. 1. 56.

C. pilosus. Watson, 1.c.27. Brew. & Wats. l. ¢.

C. procerus. Watson, 1.c.27. Brew. & Wats. l.c.

Streptanthus flavescens. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 6. 186, in part.

S. procerus. Brewer; Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 6. 519, Boland. Cat. 5. Watson,
King’s Rep. 5. 19.

CHEIRANTHUS asper. Cham. & Schlecht. in Linn. 1. 14, excl. syn. Torrey,
Mex. Bound. 32.

C. capitatus. Dougl.; Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am. 1. 88; Lond. Jour. Bot. 6. 68. Don,
Mill. 1. 154. Hook. & Arn. Bot. Beechey, 185. Walp. Rep. 1.125. Dietr. 8. 688.
Benth. Pl. Hartw. 297. Torrey, Pac. R. Rep. 4. 64. Boland. Cat. 4.

Erysimum grandiflorum. Nutt. ; Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 96 & 667. Walp. Rep.
1.170. Dietr. 3. 716.

C. Menziesii. Benth. & Hook. Genera, 1. 68. Watson, King’s Rep. 5. 14.

Hesperis Menziesii. Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am. 1.60. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1.91. Hook.
& Arn. Bot. Beechey, 322, t.75. Walp. Rep. 1. 162. Dietr. 3. 706.

Phenicaulis cheiranthoides. Nutt.; Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 89. Dietr. 8. 701. Tor-
rey, Bot. Wilkes, 229.

C. pygmeeus. “ Adams in Mem. Soe. Nat. Mose. 5.114.” DC. Syst. 2.187; Prodr.
1.137. Don, Mill. 1. 155. Benth. & Hook. Genera, 1. 68.

C. Pallasii. WPursh, 436. DC. Syst. 2. 186; Prodr. 1.136. Spreng. Syst. 2.
895. Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am. 1. 28. Don, Mill. 1. 155. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 71.
Dietr. 3. 684.

Hesperis pygmea. Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am. 1. 60, t. 19. Hook. & Arn. Bot.
Beechey, 122.

H. minima. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1.90. Dietr. 8. 705.

H. Pallasii. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 666. Seem. Bot. Herald, 24. Durand, Pl.
Kane, 186. Hook. f. Arct. Pl. 285 & 319. Rothr. Alask. 443.

Hesperis Hookeri. Wedeb. Fl. Ross. 1. 174. Hook. f. in Jour. Linn. Soc. 1. 121.
Trautyv. in Middend. Reise, 1. 59.

Erysimum pygmeum. Gay, Erysim. 4.

Sisymbrium pygmeum. 'Trauty. in Trud. Petr. 1. 60 (Trim. Jour. Bot. 2. 1. 215).
COCHLEARIA Anglica. Linn. Spec. 2 ed. 903. See syn. in DC. Syst. 2. 364;
Hook. f. Arct. Pl. 318.—Hceok. Fl. Bor.-Am. 1. 57. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 109.
Hook. & Arn. Bot. Beechey, 121. Ledeb. Fl. Ross. 1.157. Seem. Bot. Herald, 24.
Durand, Pl. Kane, 188. Hook. f. in Jour. Linn. Soc. 1. 116 & 121; Arct. Pl. 285 &
318. Dickie, Jour. Linn. Soe. 3. r10. Rothr. Alask. 443.

C. Danica. Linn. Spec. 647. See syn. in DC. Syst. 2.366. — Cham. & Schlecht.
in Linn. 1. 26. Hornem. Fl. Dan. 11, t. 1934. Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am. 1. 57. Torr.
& Gray, Fl. 1.110. Ledeb. Fl. Ross. 1. 157. Hook. f. Arct. Pl. 285 & 318.

C. officinalis. Linn. Spec. 647. See syn. in DC. Syst. 2. 364; Hook. f. Arct. Pl.

56 CRUCIFERZ. [Cochlearia. Dentaria.

285; Trautv. in Trud. Petr. 1. 57 (Trim. Jour. Bot. 1. 215).— Greville, Mem. Soc.
Wern. 3. 431. Meyer, Fl. Lab. 86. Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am. 1. 57. Schlecht. in Linn.
10. 102. ‘Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 110. Seller, Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. 1. 16. 167.
Durand, Pl. Kane, 188. Lange, Pl. Grénl. 129. Hook. f. in Jour. Linn. Soe. 5: 82;
Arct. Pl. 285 & 818. Dickie, Jour. Linn. Soe. 11. 33-

C. Grenlandica. Linn. Spec. 647. Hill, Veg. Syst. 11, t. 47. f. 4. Lam. Dict.
2.165. Retz, Fl. Scand. 2. ed. 154. Willd. Spec. 3.449. Persoon, 2.186. Lodd.
Cab. t. 45. DC. Syst. 2. 866; Prodr. 1.178. Maund, Bot. Gard. 1, t. 64. Torr.
& Gray, Fl. 1. 110.

C. fenestrata. R. Br. in Ross’ Voy. 148; Parry’s Voy. 266. DC. Syst. 2. 367;
Prodr. 1. 174. Hook. in Trans. Linn. Soc. 14. 865; Fl. Bor.-Am. 1.57. Don, Mill.
1.189. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1.109. Dietr. 3.652. Seller, 1.¢c. Seem. Bot. Herald,
24 & 54. Durand, Pl. Kane, 188. tanta Pl. Gronl. 129. Dickie, Jour. Linn.
Soc. 3. 110. Rothr. Alask. 443. [Eutrema Rossii. Spreng. Syst. 2. 880.]—Re-
ferred to C. Anglica by Hook. f. Malmgren in Seem. Jour. Bot. 2. 188 includes
C. Grenlandica and Danica, and considers it scarcely distinct from C. Anglica.

C. arctica. Schlecht.; DC. Syst. 2.867; Prodr. 1. 174. Carried to C. Danica
by Cham. & Schlecht. Kent distinct by Trautv. 1. c., and in Middend. Reise, 1. 58,
with syn.

C. oblongifolia. DC. Syst. 2. 363; Prodr. 1.178. . Cham. & Schlecht. in Linn.
1. 26. Spreng. Syst. 2. 877. Hook. Fl.-Bor. Am..1. 56. Bong. Sitch. 125. Don,
Mill. 1.188. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1.108. Hook. & Arn. Bot. Beechey, 121. Ledeb.
Fl. Ross. 1. 157. Dietr. 3.652. Seem. Bot. Herald. 24, 51 & 55. MRothr. Alask.
443. Referred to C. Anglica by Hook. f.; to C. arctica, var. oblongifolia, by Trauty.
in Middend. Reise, 1. 59.

C. sisymbrioides. DC. Syst. 2. 368; Prodr. 1. 174. Ledeb. Fl. Ross. 1. 158.
Hook. f. Arct. Pl. 285 & 318, the only authority for an American habitat.

C. tridactylites. Banks; DC. Syst. 2. 367; Prodr. 1. 174. Spreng. Syst.
2. 877. Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am. 1. 57. Don, Mill. 1. 189. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 110.
Dietr. 8. 6538.

DENTARIA diphylla. Michx. Fl. 2.30. Persoon, 2.194. Poir. Suppl. 2. 465.
Sims, Bot. Mag. t.1465. Pursh, 438. Nutt. Genera, 2.66. DC. Syst. 2. 274;
Prodr. 1. 155. Elliott, 2. 142. Torrey, Compend. 248; Fl. N. Y. 1.58. Spreng.
Syst. 2. 884. Hook. Fl. Bor-Am. 1. 46; Journ. Bot. 1.192. Don, Mill. 1. 172.
Beck, Bot. 28. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1.87. Bigel. Fl. Bost. 3 ed. 271. Eat. & Wr.
222. Dietr. 3.700. Chapman, 26. Gray, Manual, 65.

D, bifolia. Stokes, Bot. Mat. Med. 3. 443.

Cardamine diphylla. Wood, Bot. & Fl. 37. The genus is reduced to Cardamine
by Benth. & Hook. in Gen. PI. 1. 70.

D. heterophylla. Nutt. Genera, 2. 66. Barton, Comp. Fl. Phil. 2. 54. DC.
Syst. 2.274; Prodr. 1.155. Spreng. Syst. 2. 884. Torrey, Compend. 249. Don,
Mill. 1.172. Beck. Bot. 28. Torr. & Gray, Fl.1.87. Eat. & Wr. 222. Dietr.
3. 700. Chapman, 26. Gray, Manual, 65. Buchan, Canad. Nat. 14. 300. Coulter,
Bot. Gazette, 1.8; uniting D. laciniata, maxima & multifida.

Cardamine heterophylla. Wood, Bot. & Fl. 38.

D. laciniata. Muhl.; Willd. Spec. 3. 479. Persoon, 2. 194. Poir. Suppl. 2. 465.
Pursh, 438. Muhl. Cat. 63. Nutt. Genera, 2. 66. DC. Syst. 2. 273; Prodr. 1. 155.
Barton, Comp. Fl. Phil. 2. a Fl. N. Am. 3. 4,t.'72. Elliott, 2.142. Bigel. FI.
Bost. 2 ed. 254. Spreng. Syst. 2. 883. Torrey, Compend. 248. Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am.
1. 46; Journ. Bot. 1. 192. Don, Mill. 1.172. Beck, Bot. 28. Darling. Fl. Cestr.

-

Dentaria. Draba.| CRUCIFER &. On

38). Torr. & Gray, FI. 1. 86, excl. var. 5. Walp. Rep. 1.1388. Eat. & Wr. 222.
Dietr. 8.700. Torrey, Fl. N. Y. 1.58; Nicol. Rep. 145. Nees, Pl. Neuwied, 4.
Chapman, 26. Gray, Manual, 66.
D. concatenata. Michx. Fl. 2. 80. Persoon, 2. 194. Poir. Suppl. 2. 465.
Cardamine laciniata. Wood, Bot. & FI. 38.

D. macrocarpa. Nutt.; Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 88. Walp. Rep. 1. 188. Dietr.
3. 700.
D. maxima. Nutt. Genera, 2. 66. DC. Syst. 2.275; Prodr. 1. 155. Spreng. Syst.
2. 884. Don, Mill. 1.172. Beck, Bot. 29. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 87. Dietr. 3. 700.
Torrey, Fl. N. Y. 1.59. Gray, Genera, 1. 138, t. 56; Manual, 65. Ruger, Torr.
Bulletin, 1. 6. ;

D. laciniata, var. 6. Torr. & Gray, FI. 1. 86.

Cardamine maxima. Wood, Bot. & FI. 88.

D. multifida. Muhl. Cat. 63. Elliott, 2. 142. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1.87. Walp.
Rep. 1. 138. Dietr. 3. 700. Chapman, 26. Gray, Manual, 66.

D. dissecta. Leavenworth, Am. Jour. Sci. 1. 7. 62.

Cardamine multifida. Wood, Bot. & Fl. 38, not Pursh.

D. tenella. Pursh, 489. Poir. Suppl. 5. 654. Nutt. Genera, 2. 66. DC. Syst.
2.274; Prodr. 1.155. Spreng. Syst. 2. 884. Don, Mill. 1.172. Torr. & Gray, FI.
1.87. Eat. & Wr. 222. Dietr. 3. 700. Cooper, Pac. R. Rep. 12.56. Regel, FI.
Uss. 22. Torrey, Bot. Wilkes, 229. Brew. & Wats. Bot. Calif. 1. 30.

D. tenuifolia. Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am. 1. 46; not Ledeb.

DRABA alpina. Linn. Spec. 642. See syn. in DC. Syst. 2. 338; Lindberg in
Linn. 13. 319; Hook. f. Arct. Pl. 285 & 316; Regel, Fl. Ost-Sib. 1. 181. — Greville,
Mem. Soc. Wern. 3. 424. RR. Br. in Parry’s Ist Voy. 265. Richards. Frankl.
Journ. 16. Hook. in Trans. Linn. Soc. 14.565; Parry’s 2d Voy. 885; Fl. Bor.
Am. 1. 50. Cham. & Schlecht. in Linn. 1. 22. Don, Mill. 1.183. Torr. & Gray,
Fl. 1.103. Hook. & Arn. Bot. Beechey, 121. Ledeb. Fl. Ross. 1. 146. Seem. Bot.
Herald, 24 & 54. Durand, Pl. Kane, 186. Lange, Pl. Groenl. 130. Hook. f. in
Journ. Linn. Soc. 1. 116 & 121, and 5 82. Dickie, same, 3. 110. Gray, Am. Journ.
Sci. 2. 33. 245. Pl. Bourgeau, 254. Rothr. Alask. 443. Watson, King’s Rep.
5. 20. Porter, Hayd. Rep. 1871, 478; Fl. Col. 7. Coulter, Hayd. Rep. 1872, 760.
Brew. & Wats. Bot. Calif. 1. 29
Var. hebecarpa. Lindb. in Linn. 13. 320. Regel, Fl. Ost-Sib. 1. 183.

D. alpina, var. 8B. RR. Br. in Parry’s 1st Voy. 265. Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am. 1. 50.
Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 103. Durand, Pl. Kane, 186.

Var. algida. Regel, Fl. Ost-Sib. 1. 183. Watson, King’s Rep. 5.21. Brew. &
Wats. Bot. Calif. 1. 29.

D. algida. Adams; DC. Syst. 2. 337; Prodr. 1.167. Cham. & Schlecht. in
Jinn. 1.21. Hook.1l.c. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1.101. Eat. & Wr. 228. Dietr. 3. 646.
Rothr. Alask. 443. Trautyv. in Act. Hort. Petrop. 1.53 (Trim. Journ. Bot. 1. 214),
including D. pilosa & ochroleuca.

D. macrocarpa. Adams, Mem. Soc. Mose. 9. 249.

D. pilosa. Adams; DC. Syst. 2.356. Regel, Fl. Ost-Sib. 1..184, with syn.;
Descr. Pl. Nov. fasc. 5. 22.

D. pauciflora. RR. Br. in Parry’s 1st Voy. 266 (Flora, 72, Beil. 71). Hook. in
Parry’s 2d Voy. 385; Fl. Bor.-Am. 1.51. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1.104. Walp. Rep.
1.151. Eat. & Wr. 228. Kept distinct by Trautv. in Act. Hort. Petrop. 4. 55,
with syn.

58 CRUCIFERZ. [Draba.

Var. glacialis. Dickie, Journ. Linn. Soc. 11. 33. Watson, King’s Rep. 5. 21.
Coulter, Hayd. Rep. 1872, 760. Brew. & Wats. 1. ¢.

D. glacialis. Adams, Mem. Soc. Mose. 5. 106. DC. Syst. 2. 338; Prodr. 1. 167.
Grah. in Edinb. Phil. Journ. 1829, 183. Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am. 1. 51; Lond. Journ.
Bot. 6.71. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 104. Ledeb. Fl. Ross. 1. 147. Walp. Rep. 1. 151.
Eat. & Wr. 228. Dietr. 3.647. Seem. Bot. Herald, 24,51 & 54. Durand, Pl.
Kane, 187. Regel, Fl. Ost-Sib. 1. 186, t. 5, f. 3,4; Deser. Pl. Nov. fase. 5. 22.
Rothr. Alask. 443. Trautv.1.c.54. Porter, Hayd. Rep. 1871, 478. Coulter, same,
1872, 760. Regel, 1. c.

D. incompta. Stev. in Mem. Soc. Mose. 5. 268. Deless. Icon. Sel. 2, t. 44.

D. oligosperma. ook. Fl. Bor.-Am. 1.51. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1.104. Walp.
Rep. 1. 151.° Eat. & Wr. 228. Dietr. 3. 649.

D. densifolia, Nutt.; Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 104. Walp. Rep. 1. 151. Dietr.
3.649. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 7. 329.

Var. (?) micropetala. Durand, Pl. Kane, 187.
D. micropetala. Hook. in Parry’s 2d. Voy. 385; Fl. Bor.-Am. 1. 52. Torr. &
Gray, Fl. 104. Walp.l.c. Dietr.l.c. Hook. f. in Jour. Linn. Soe. 1. 116.

Var. (?) corymbosa. Durand, Pl. Kane, 187.

D. corymbosa. JR. Br. in Ross’ Voy. 148. DC. Syst. 2. 343; Prodr. 1. 169.
Don, Mill. 1. 184. Hook. Fl. 1. 52. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 105. Dietr. 3. 649.
Vahl; Liebm. FI. Dan. 14, t. 2418. Lange, Pl. Gronl. 129. Referred to D. andro-
sacea by Hook. f. Arct. Pl. 317.

D. alpina, var. 6. Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am. 1. 52.

D. androsacea. Wahl. Fl. Lapp. 174, t.11, f 5. See syn. by Lindb. in Linn.
3. 024 & Regel, Fl. Ost-Sib. 1. 188, under D. Wahlenbergii ; Turcz. Fl. Baic. 1. 185;
Hook. f. Arct. Pl. 285 & 316.— Don, Mill. 1. 184. Lange, Pl. Groénl. 130.

D. lactea. Adams, Mem. Soc. Mose. 5. 194. DC. Syst. 2. 347. Lange, Pl.
Gronl. 130. Regel, Fl. Ost-Sib. 1. 195, with syn.

2 D. corymbosa, R. Br. See under D. alpina.

D, Lapponica. Willd.; DC. Syst. 2. 344. R. Br. in Parry’s Ist Voy. 266.
Cham. & Schlecht. in Linn. 1.22. Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am. 1. 58. Torr. & Gray, FI.
1. 105. Durand, Pl. Kane, 187.

D. hirta, var. 3. Hook. in Parry’s 2d Voy. 386.

D. Fladnitzensis, Wulf. DC. Syst. 2. 345, with syn. Turez. Fl. Baic. 1. 183,
with syn. Ball, Bull. Bot. Soc. France, 7. 230 & 249; Hook. f. Arct. Pl. 315.

D. nivalis. DC. Syst. 2. 344, not Lilj. Durand, Pl. Kane, 187.

D. Wahlenbergiit, Hartm. See Lindb. in Linn. 13. 324; Ledeb. Fl. Ross. 1. 150;

Regel, Fl. Ost-Sib. 1. 188, t. 5, f£. 11, 12. — Vahl; Fl. Dan. 14, t. 2420.
D. arabisans. Michx. Fl. 2.28. Poir. Suppl. 2. 525. DC. Syst. 2. 349; Prodr.
1.170. Torrey, Compend. 247; Fl. N. Y. 1. 62. Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am. 1. 55. Don,
Mill. 1.185. Beck, Bot. 26. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1.106 & 668. Eat. & Wr. 228.
Dietr. 3.651. Gray, Genera, 1. 160, t. 68; Manual, 71. Pl. Bourgeau, 254.

D. Arabis. Persoon, 2. 190. Nutt. Genera, 2. 63. Schwein. in Long’s Exp. 2,
Appx. 115. Spreng. Syst. 2. 876.

D. glabella. Pursh, 434. Poir. Suppl. 5. 661. DC. Syst. 2. 355; Prodr. 1. 172.
Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am. 1. 54, in part. Don, Mill. 1.186. Torr. & Gray, FI. 1. 107, in
part. Eat. & Wr. 227. Aschers. in Flora, 43. 369.

D. incana, var. glabriuscula. Gray, Ann. Lye. N. Y. 3. 223.

D. Henneana. Schlecht. Fl. Lab. in Linn. 10. 100.

D. Canadensis. Brunet, Pl. Canad. 1. 22.

~

Draba.] CRUCIFERA. o9

D. aurea. Vahl.; Hornem. “FI. Gicon. 2 ed. 599”; Fl. Dan. 9, t. 1460. DC.
Syst. 2. 350; Prodr. 1.170. Spreng. Syst. 2. 875. Hook. Bot. Mag. t. 2934; Fl.
Bor.-Am. 1. 55. Don, Mill. 1. 186. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 107. Dietr. 3. 651. Lange,
Pl. Grénl. 130. Aschers. in Flora, 43. 369. Gray, Am. Jour. Sci. 2. 38. 242 ;
Jour. Acad. Philad. 1863, 58. Hook. f. Arct. Pl. 285 & 317. Porter, Hayd. Rep.
1870, 473; 1871, 478; Fl. Col. 7. Watson, King’s Rep. 5. 22. Coulter, Hayd. Rep.
1872, 760.

Var. stylosa. Gray, Am. Jour. Sci. 2. 33. 242.

D. aurea. Gray, Pl. Fendl. 10. Torrey, Pac. R. Rep. 4. 66.

D. brachycarpa. Nutt.; Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 108. Walp. Rep. 1.152. Dietr.
3.651. Torrey, Nicol. Rep. 145. Chapman, 29. Gray, Manual, 71.

D. Caroliniana. Walt. Fl. Car. 174. Willd. Spec. 38. 427. Persoon, 2. 190.
Poir. Suppl. 2. 525. DC. Syst. 2. 353; Prodr. 1.171. Elliott, 2.188. Don, Mill.
1.186. Beck, Bot. 26. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1.109. Dietr. 3.651. Torrey, Fl. N. Y.
1. 62; Nicol. Rep. 145; Bot. Wilkes, 233. Parry, Pl. Minn. 609. Chapman, 29.
Gray, Manual, 72.

2 Arabis reptans. Lam. Dict. 1. 222. Willd. Spec. 8. 586. Persoon, 2. 204.
Pursh, 487. DC. Syst. 2. 242; Prodr. 1.148. Don, Mill. 1.166. Torr. & Gray,
Fl. 1. 83.

2 D. bifolia. Muhl. Ind. Fl. Lance. 173.

D. hispidula. Michx. Fl. 2. 28. Pursh, 433.

Arabis rotundifolia. Raf. in Am. Monthly Mag. 2. 43.

D. umbellata. Muhl. Cat. 62.

Var. micrantha. Gray, Manual, 72. Watson, King’s Rep. 5. 23.

D. micrantha. Nutt.; Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1.109. Walp. Rep. 1.152. Dietr. 8. 651.
Engelm. & Gray, Pl. Lindh. 82. Gray, Pl. Fendl.10; Pl. Wright. 2.13; Pl. Thurb.
298; Manual, 2 ed. 37; Pac. R. Rep. 12.41. Torrey, Mex. Bound. 33.

@ D. filicaulis. Scheele, Linn. 21. 588, fide Gray, Pl. Lindh. 150.
D. crassifolia. Grah. in Edinb. Phil. Journ. 1829, 182 (Litt.-Ber. zu Linn. 1830,
155). Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am. 1.54. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1.106. Walp. Rep. 1. 151.
Dietr. 3. 649. Vahl; Liebm. Fl. Dan. 14, t. 2419. Lange, Pl. Groenl. 150. Gray,
Proc. Acad. Philad. 1863, 57. Brew. & Wats. Bot. Calif. 1. 28.

D. Johannis. Gray, Am. Journ. Sci. 2. 33. 242; not Host.

D. cuneifolia. Nutt.; Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 108; Pac. R. Rep. 2. 160. Walp. Rep.
1.152. Eat. & Wr. 229. Dietr. 3.651. Engelm. & Gray, Pl. Lindh. 32. Gray,
Pl. Fendl. 10; Ives’ Rep.6; Manual, 72. Scheele, Roem. Texas, 436. Torrey,
Pac. R. Rep. 4. 66. Chapman, 29. Porter, Fl. Col. 8. . Parry, Am. Naturalist,
9. 268. Brew. & Wats. Bot. Calif. 1. 28.

2 D. filicaulis & Roemeriana. Scheele, Linn. 21. 583, fide Gray, Pl. Lindh. 150.
D. Douglasii. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 7. 828. Anderson, Cat. 118. Watson,
King’s Rep. 5. 22.
D. eurycarpa. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 7. 520.

D. hirta. Linn. Syst. 10 ed. 1127. See syn. in DC. Syst. 2. 848; Lindb. in Linn.
18. 829; Turez. Fl. Baic. 1.138; Regel & Til. Fl. Ajan. 49. — Richards. Frankl.
Journ. 16. Hook. Trans. Linn. Soe. 14. 364; Parry’s 2d Voy. 885; Fl. Bor-Am.
1.52. Don, Mill. 1. 184. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 105. Hook. & Arn. Bot. Beechey,
121. Ledeb. Fl. Ross. 1.151. Vahl.; Liebm. Fl. Dan. 14, t. 2422. Seller, Ann.
& Mag. Nat. Hist. 1. 16. 169. Seem. Bot. Herald, 24. Durand, Pl. Kane, 187.
Lange, Pl. Grénl. 130. Hook. f. in Jour. Linn. Soc. 1. 121; Arct. Pl. 285 & 317.
Rothr. Alask. 443.

60 CRUCIFERZ. [Draba.

D. oblongata. RR. Br. in Ross’ Voy. 143. DC. Syst. 2. 342; Prodr. 1. 168.
Spreng. Syst. 2. 874. Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am. 1. 52. Don, Mill. 1.184. Torr. & Gray,
Fl. 1.105. Dietr. 3. 649.

D. arctica. Vahl.; Hornem. Fl. Dan. 15, t. 2294. Lange, Pl. Groenl. 129.

D. gracilis. Wedeb. Fl. Ross. 1. 152. Walp. Rep. 1. 150... Rothr. Alask. 443.

D. incana, forma altera. Cham. & Schlecht. in Linn. 1. 24,

D. confisa, var. paucifolia. DC. Prodr. 1. 170.

D. hyperborea. Desv. Jour. Bot. 3. 172.

Alyssum hyperboreum. Linn. Spec. 651. Hill, Veg. Syst. 11, t. 53, £8. Poir.
Suppl. 1. 806. DC. Syst. 2. 823; Prodr. 1. 164. Pursh, 434. Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am.
1.49. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1.108. Ledeb. Fl. Ross. 1. 189. Dietr. 3. 641. Rothr.
Alask. 443.

D. grandis. Langsd.; DC. Syst. 2. 855. Deless. Icon. Sel. 2. 14,t.47. Rothr.
Alask. 443.

Cochlearia septentrionalis. DC. Prodr. 1. 174.

C. spathulata. Schlecht.; DC. Syst. 2. 869; Prodr. 1. 174. Cham. & Schlecht.
in Linn. 1.27. Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am. 1. 57. Don, Mill. 1. 189. Torr. & Gray, FI.
1.110. Ledeb. Fl. Ross. 1. 158. Dietr. 3. 858. Regel, Fl. Ost-Sib. 1. 200.

Draba spathulata. Spreng. Syst. 2. 876.

Var. siliquosa. Gray in Herb.

Cochlearia siliquosa. Schlecht.; DC. Syst. 2. 369; Prodr. 1. 174. Cham.

& Schlecht. in Linn. 1.27. Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am. 1.57. Don, Mill. 1.189. Torr.
& Gray, Fl. 1. 110.
D. incana. Linn. Spec. 6438. See syn. in DC. Syst. 2. 348, under D. contorta &
confusa ; Lindb. in Linn. 18. 330; Turez. Fl. Baic. 1. 189; Ledeb. Fl. Ross. 1. 152;
Regel & Til. Fl. Ajan. 55; Hook. f. Arct. Pl. 285. — Pursh, 484. Hook. Trans.
Linn. Soc. 14. 3865; Fl. Bor.-Am. 1. 54. Spreng. Syst. 2. 876. Cham. & Schlecht.
in Linn. 1. 23. Meyer, Pl. Lab. 84. Don, Mill. 1.185. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 107.
Seem. Bot. Herald, 24 & 51. Lange, Pl. Grénl. 130. Hook. f. in Jour. Linn. Soe.
1.121 & 124; Arct. Pl. 285 & 317. Pl. Bourgeau, 254. Rothr. Alask. 443. Gray,
Manual, 71.

D. contorta. Ehrh. Beitr. 7. 155. DC. Prodr. 1. 170. Meyer, Pl. Lab. 84.
Don, Mill. 1. 185.

D. glabella. Richards. Frankl. Journ. 16, not Pursh. Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am. 1. 54.

Var. confusa. Poir. Suppl. 2. 524. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 107. Durand, PI.
Kane, 187.

D. confusa. Ehrh. Beitr. 7. 155. DC. Syst. 2. 848, excl. var. 8.; Prodr. 1. 170.
Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am. 1. 54. Don, Mill. 1. 185. Trautv. & Meyer, Fl. Ochot. 16,
with syn. aes .

Var. borealis. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 107.

D. borealis. DC. Syst. 2. 842; Prodr. 1. 168. Spreng. Syst. 2. 874. Hook. FI.
~ Bor.-Am. 1. 55. Don, Mill. 1. 184. Ledeb. Fl. Ross. 1. 158. Dietr. 3. 649. Regel
& Til. Fl. Ajan. 59. Rothr. Alask. 443.

D. Unalaschkiana. DC. Syst. 2. 850; Prodr. 1. 170. Spreng. Syst. 2. 876.
Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am. 1. 55. Don, Mill. 1.185. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 107. Ledeb.
Fl. Ross. 1. 158. Dietr. 8.650. Rothr. Alask. 443.

D. montana. Watson, ined. (D. nemorosa. Rothr. Pl. Wheeler, 34.)

D. nemorosa. Linn. Spec. 643. See syn. in DC. Syst. 2. 551, under D. nemoralis ;
Lindb. 1. c. 333; Ledeb. 1. c. 154; Regel, Fl. Ost-Sib. 1. 198; Maxim. Bull. Acad.
Petersb. 22. 228.— Gray, Manual, 72. Macoun & Gibson, Trans. Edinb. 12. 314.

Draba.] CRUCIFER &. 61

Var. a. leiocarpa. Lindb.1.c. Ledeb.1.¢. Regel, 1. ¢.
D. lutea, Gilib. See syn in DC. Syst. 2. 351.— Richards. Frankl. Journ. 16.
Hook. Fi. Bor.-Am. 1.55. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1.107. Pl. Bourgean, 254.
D. gracilis. Grah. Edinb. Phil. Journ. 1828, 172 (Litt.-Ber. zu Linn. 1850, 126).
D. nemorosa, var. lutea. Porter, Hayd. Rep. 1871, 478; Fl. Col. 8.

Var. B. hebecarpa. Lindb.1.¢., and others. Torrey, Bot. Wilkes, 233.

D. nemoralis. Ehrh. Beitr. 7. 154. Nutt. Genera, 2. 62. Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am.
1.55. Don, Mill. 1. 186. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 108. Gray, Manual, 1 ed. 39;
Proc. Acad. Philad. 1863, 58. Cooper, Pac. R. Rep. 12. 56.

2D. muralis. Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am. 1.56. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1.108. Hook. f.
Arct. Pl. 285.

D. nemorosa. Gray, Am. Jour. Sci. 2. 33. 242. Anderson, Cat. 118. Watson,
King’s Rep. 5. 22. Porter, Hayd. Rep. 1871, 478.

D. lutea, var. longipes. Wook. in Lond. Jour. Bot. 671, not DC.

Var. alpina. Porter, Fl. Col. 8.

D. platyearpa. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 108. Walp. Rep. 1. 152. Dietr. 8, 651.
Gray, Pl. Lindh. 148; Ives’s Rep. 6. Scheele in Rom.,Texas, 436.
@ D. Roemeriana. Scheele in Linn, 21. 583.

D. ramosissima. Desyv. Jour. Bot. 8. 186. DC. Syst. 2. 355; Prodr. 1. 171.
Don, Mill. 1. 186. Gray, Ann. Lye. N. Y. 3. 224; Manual, 71. Torr. & Gray, FI.
1.106. Dietr. 3.651. Chapman, 29.

D. arabisans. Pursh, 484, not Michx.

Alyssum (2) dentatum. Nutt. Genera, 2. 63. Beck, Bot. 26. Nees, Pl. Wied, 4.

D. dentata. Hook. & Arn. in Jour. Bot. 1.192. Hook. Icon. t. 31.

D. rupestris. R. Br. in Ait. f. Hort. Kew. 4.91. See syn. in DC. Syst. 2. 344;
Regel, Fl. Ost-Sib. 1. 194; Ruprecht, Fl. Cauc. 1. 119. — Cham. & Schlecht. in
Linn. 1. 23. Ledeb. Icon. t. 260; Fl. Ross. 1. 149. Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am. 1. 93.
Don, Mill. 1.184. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 105. Dietr. 3.649. Vahl, Fl. Dan. 14,
t. 2421. Seem. Bot. Herald, 54. Durand, Pl. Kane, 187. Lange, Pl. Gronl. 180.
Hook. f. in Jour. Linn: Soc. 1. 116 & 121, & 5. 82; Arct. Pl. 285 & 317. Dickie,
Jour. Linn. Soe. 3. 110.
D. hirta, var. 4. Hook. in Parry’s 2d Voy. 886.

D. stellata, Jacq. See syn. in DC. Syst. 2. 846; Ledeb. Fl. Ross. 1. 149, under
D. frigida; Ball, Bull. Soc. Bot. France, 7. 229 & 249; Regel, Fl. Ost-Sib. 1. 192.
— Cham. & Schlecht. in Linn. 1. 22. Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am. 1. 58. Torr. & Gray,
Fl. 1. 105. Hook. & Arn. Bot. Beechey, 121. Seem. Bot. Herald, 54. Ascher-
son, in Flora, 48. 369. Hook. f. Arct. Pl. 285 & 817. Coulter, Hayd. Rep. 1872,
760. ’
Var. a. nivalis. Regel, 1. c. 192.

D. frigida, Sauter. Ledeb. Fl. Ross. 1. 149 & 755.

D. muricella, Wahl. R. Br. in Ross’ Voy. 193. Greville, Mem. Soc. Wern.
3. 431. DC. Syst. 2. 340; Prodr. 1.168. Richards. Frankl. Journ. 16. Hook. in
Parry’s 2d Voy. 387; Trans. Linn. Soc. 14. 364; Fl. Bor.-Am. 1. 52. Graham,
Edinb. Phil. Jour. 1829, 345. Meyer, Pl. Lab. 83. Don, Mill. 1. 184. Torr. &
Gray, Fl. 1.104. Seem. Bot. Herald, 24 & 55. Hook. f. Arct. Pl. 285 & 317.
Rothr. Alask. 443. ~

D. nivalis, Lilj. Vahl, Fl. Dan. 14, t. 2417. Lange, PI. Gronl. 130.

Var. 8B. hebecarpa. DC. Syst. 2. 346. Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am. 1. 58. Torr. &

Gray, Fl. 1. 105. Gray, Proc. Acad. Philad. 1868, 57. Rothr. Alask. 443. Wat-
son, King’s Rep. 5. 21.

62 CRUCIFERZ. [Draba. Erysimum, °
Var. y. Johannis. Regel, 1. c. 193.

2 D. hirta, 8. alpicola. Greville, Mem. Soc. Wern. 3. 431.

2 D. levipes. DC. Syst. 2. 346. Deless. Icon. 2, t. 46, f A. Hook. Fl. Bor.-:
Am. 1.58. ‘Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1.105. Ball, 1. c. 247.

D. muricella 2 Watson, King’s Rep. 5. 21.

D. nivalis. Porter, Hayd. Rep. 1870, 473.
D. streptocarpa. Gray, Am. Jour. Sci. 2. 33. 242 (Bull. Soc. Bot. France,
9. 679); Proc. Acad. Philad. 1868, 58. Walp. Ann. 7. 125. Porter, Fl. Col. 7.

D. ventosa. Gray, Am. Naturalist, 8. 212.

D. verna. Linn. Spec. 642. See syn. in DC. Syst. 2. 356, under Frophila vulgaris ;
Lindb. in Linn. 18. 834; Ledeb. Fl. Ross. 1. 155. — Pursh, 483. Barton, Fl. N. Am.

8. 49, t. 88. Bigel. Fl. Bost. 250. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 109. Torrey, Fl. N. Y.
1.63. Gray, Genera, 1. 160, t. 69; Struct. Bot. 390, f. 701, 702; Manual, 72.

Chapman, 29.

D. verna, var. Americana. Persoon, 2. 190.
Erophila Americana. DC. Syst. 2. 8356; Prodr. 1. 172. Don, Mill. 1.°187.
E. vulgaris. DC. Syst. 2. 856; Prodr. 1.172. Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am. 1.172. Don,

Mill. 1. 187. Beck, Bot. 26.

D. Caroliniana, var. Barton, Fl. Philad. 2. 58.
Erophila vulgaris, var. Americana. Darling. Fl. Cestr. 878.

D.algida ; D. alpina.
Arabis ; arabisans.
arabisans ; ramosissima.
arctica ; hirta.
bifolia ; Caroliniana.
borealis ; incana.
Canadensis ; arabisans.
Caroliniana ; verna.
confusa ; hirta, incana.
contorta ; incana.
corymbosa ; alpina, androsacea.
crassifolia ; androsacea.
densifolia ; alpina.
dentata ; ramosissima.
Jiicaulis ; Caroliniana, cuneifolia.
Fladnitzensis , androsacea.
Jrigida; stellata.
glabella ; arabisans, incana.
glacialis ; alpina.
gracilis ; hirta, nemorosa.
grandis ; hyperborea.
Henneana ; arabisans.
hirta ; androsacea, rupestris, stellata.
hispidula ; Caroliniana.

D. incana ; arabisans, hirta.

incompta ; alpina.

Johannis ; androsacea, stellata.
lactea & Lapponica; androsacea.
levigata ; Eutrema Edwardsii.
levipes ; stellata.

lutea ; nemorosa.

macrocarpa ; alpina.
micrantha ; Caroliniana.
micropetala ; alpina.

muralis ; nemorosa.

muricella ; stellata.

nemoralis ; nemorosa.

nivalis ; androsacea, stellata.
oblongata ; hirta.

ochroleuca ; alpina.

oligosperma ; androsacea.
pauciflora & pilosa; alpina.
Roemeriana ; cuneifolia, platycarpa.
spathulata ; hyperborea.
stenoloba ; hirta.

umbellata ; Caroliniana.
Unalaschkiana ; incana.
Wahlenbergit ; androsacea.

DRYOPETALON runcinatum. Gray, Pl. Wright. 2.11, t.11. Walp. Ann.

4.191. Torrey, Mex. Bound. 32.

ERYSIMUM asperum. DC. Syst. 2. 505; Prodr. 1.199. Spreng. Syst. 2. 907.
Torrey, Ann. Lye. N. Y. 2. 166; Nicol. Rep. 145; Frem. Rep. 87; Stansb. Rep. 383 ;
Pac. R. Rep. 4. 66 & 7.7; Mex. Bound. 33; Bot. Wilkes, 230. Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am.

Erysimum. Eutrema.| CRUCIFERZ. 63

1. 64, t. 22; Lond. Jour. Bot. 6. 69. Don, Mill. 1. 212. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 95 &
667 ; Pac. R. Rep. 2. 119 & 159. Hook. & Arn. Bot. Beechey, 185 & 328. Dietr.
8.716. Nees, Pl. Wied, 4. Engelm. Wisliz. Rep. 4. Gray, Pl. Fendl. 9; Pl. Wright.
1.8&2.13; Pac. R. Rep. 12. 41; Ives’s Rep. 6. Durand, Pl. Pratten. 81; FI.
Utah, 159. Cooper, Pac. R. Rep. 12.56. Pl. Bourgeau, 254. Anderson, Cat. 117.
Boland. Cat. 5. Porter, Hayd. Rep. 1870, 473; 1871, 478. Watson, King’s Rep.
5. 24. Coulter, Hayd. Rep. 1872, 761.

E. lanceolatum. Pursh, 486. Bradbury, Cat. 338.

Cheiranthus asper. Nutt. Genera, 2.69. James, Cat. 185.

E. asperum, var. Purshii. Durand, Fl. Utah, 159.

Var. Arkansanum. Gray, Manual, 69. Porter, Fl. Col. 8.

E. Arkansanum. Nutt.; Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 95. Walp. Rep. 1.170. Dietr.
3.715. Gray, Genera, 1. 150, t.63; Pl. Lindh. 144; Manual, 1 ed. 87. Scheele,
Linn. 21. 581; Rom. Texas, 486. Torrey, Emory’s Rep. 187. Durand, Pl. Prat-
ten. 81. Boland. Cat. 5.

Var. elatum. Torrey, Pac. R. Rep. 7. 7. Durand, Pl. Pratten. 81. Gray, Proc.
Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist. 7. 146; Am. Jour. Sci. 2. 33. 242; Proc. Acad. Philad. 1863,
57; Proc. Am. Acad. 8. 377.

E. elatum. Nutt.; Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 95. Newberry, Pac. R. Rep. 6. 66.
E. cheiranthoides. Linn. Spec. 661. See syn. in DC. Syst. 2. 498; Ledeb. Fl.
Ross. 1. 189. — Pursh, 486. Richards. Frankl. Journ. 16. DC. Prodr. 1. 198.
Hook. Fl. 1. 64. Beck, Bot. 33. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 94. Torrey, Fl. N.Y.
1. 60; Nicol. Rep. 145; Frem. Rep. 87; Bot. Wilkes, 230. Seem. Bot. Herald,
51. Parry, Pl. Minn. 609. Hook. f. in Journ. Linn. Soc. 1.124; Arct. Pl.
286 & 319. Gray, Pac. R. Rep. 12. 41; Proc. Acad. Philad. 1863, 57 ; Manual, 69.
Lesqx. Fl. Ark. 349. Regel, Fl. Ost-Sib. 1.206. Pl. Bourgeau, 254. Porter, Hayd.
Rep. 1871, 478; Fl. Col: 8. Watson, King’s Rep. 5. 24. Coulter, Hayd. Rep.
1872, 761.

E. parviflorum. Persoon, 2.199. Nutt. Genera, 2. 68.

Sisymbrium chetranthoides. Eat. & Wr. 429.

EH. parviflorum. Nutt.; Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1.95. Walp. Rep.1.170. Eat. & Wr.
239. Dietr. 3. 715.

E. lanceolatum. Hook. FI. Bor.-Am. 1. 64; not R. Br. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 94.
Eat. & Wr. 258. Seem. Bot. Herald, 51. Rothr. Alask. 443.

@ EB. hieracifolium. Took. f. Arct. Pl. 286 & 319, as to American localities.

EE. asperum, var. inconspicuum. Watson, King’s Rep. 5.24. Brew. & Wats. 1. c. 39.
E. oRIENTALE, R. Br. A. H. Smith, Proc. Acad. Philad. 1867, 17.
E. pumilum. Nutt.; Torr. & Gray, Fl.1.95. Walp.l.c. Dietr.l.c. Gray,
Am. Journ. Sci. 2. 33. 242; Proc. Acad. Philad. 1863, 57. Brew. & Wats. 1. c.

E. asperum, var. pumilum. Porter, Fl. Col. 8.

? Hesperis Pallasii. Porter, Fl. Col. 9.
EUTREMA Edwardsii. R. Br. in Parry’s 1st Voy. 267, t. A (Flora, 72, Beil.
73). Hook. in Parry’s 2d Voy. 388; Fl. Bor.-Am. 1. 67. Spreng. Syst. 2. 880.
Don, Mill. 1.215. Meyer, Ledeb. Fl. Alt. 3.163. | Ledeb. Icon. t. 258; Fl. Ross.
1.197. Hornem. Fl. Dan. 18, t. 2242. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1.112. Dietr. 3. 673.
Lange, Pl. Groenl. 130. Hook. f. in Journ. Linn. Soc. 1. 121 & 5. 82; Arct. Pl. 286.
Rothr. Alask. 443. Referred in Walp. Rep. 1. 171 to Smelowskia cinerea (Meyer
in Ledeb. Fl. Alt. 3. 171), with syn.

Draba (4) levigata. Cham. & Schlecht. in Linn. 1.25. Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am. 1. 54.
Don, Mill. 1. 186. Torr. & Gray, FI. 1. 106.

64 CRUCIFERZ. [Butrema. Lepidium.

Sisymbrium Edwardsii. Trauty. in Trud. Petr. 1.59 (Trim. Jour. Bot. 2. 1. 215),

with syn. ; suppressing the genus.

BE. Labradoricum. Turcz. in Bull. Soc. Mose. 272. 305.

GREGGIA camporum. Gray, Pl. Wright. 1. 8, t. 1,& 2.13; Pl. Fendl. 116.
Torr. & Gray, Pac. R. Rep. 2. 159. Walp. Ann. 4. 208. Torrey, Mex. Bound. 33.
HESPSERIS marronawis, Linn. Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am. 1.59. Torr. & Gray, FI.
1.90. Wood, Bot. & Fl. 39.

LEAVENWORTHIA Michauxii. Torrey, Ann. Lye. N. Y. 4.89. Torr. &
Gray, Fl. 1.90. Dietr. 3. 701. Chapman, 27. Gray, Manual, 65.

Cardamine uniflora. Michx. Bl. 2. 29. Persoon, 2. 195. Poir. Suppl. 2. 394.
Pursh, 439. DC. Syst. 2. 251; Prodr. 1. 150. Spreng. Syst. 2. 885. Leaven-
worth, Am. Jour. Sci. 1. 7. 68. Don, Mill. 1. 167.

EL. aurea. Torrey, |. c. 88. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 89. Dietr. 3. 701. Gray,
Genera, 1. 140, t. 57; Manual, 2 ed. 81. Chapman, 27. Hook. Bot. Mag. t. 5730.

LEPIDIUM alyssoides. Gray, Pl. Fendl. 10; Pl. Wright. 1. 10 & 2.15; Ives’s
Rep. 7. Walp. Ann. 2.51. Torr. & Gray, Pac. R. Rep. 2.160. Torrey, same,
4.67; Mex. Bound. 34. Watson, King’s Rep. 5. 29. Porter, Fl. Col. 10.

L. campestre, R. Br. Beck, Bot. 27. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1.115. Gray, Manual, 74.

L. dictyotum. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 7. 829. Anderson, Cat. 117. Watson,
King’s Rep. 5. 30, t. 4, f. 1, 2.

L. Dragpa, Linn. Gray, Manual, 74.

L. flavum. Torrey, Pac. R. Rep. 4.67. Watson, King’s Rep. 5. 80.

L. Fremonti. Watson, King’s Rep. 5. 30, t. 4, f. 3, 4.

L. integrifolium. Nutt.; Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 116. Walp. Rep. 1.176. Dietr.
3. 666. Hook. in Lond. Jour. Bot. 6. 71.

L. intermedium. Gray, Pl. Wright. 2.15; Pac. R. Rep. 12. 41.; Manual, 74.
Torr. & Gray, Pac. R. Rep. 2. 160. Walp. Ann. 4. 214. Torrey, Mex. Bound. 34.
Durand, Fl. Utah, 159. Anderson, Cat. 117. Leggett, Torr. Bull. 1.22. Watson,
King’s Rep. 5. 29. Porter, Hayd. Rep. 1871, 478; Fl. Col. 10.

L. ruderale, not Linn. Richards. Frankl. Journ. 16. Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am. 1. 68;
Jour. Bot. 1.192. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1.115. Torrey, Nicol. Rep. 145; Frem. Rep.
87 ; Emory’s Rep. 137; Bot. Wilkes, 233. Gray, Pl. Fendl. 10. Seem. Bot. Herald,
51. Hook. f. Arct. Pl. 286 & 320. Porter, Hayd. Rep. 1870, 473. 7

L. ruderale, var. lasiocarpum. FEngelm.; Gray, Pl. Wright. 2. 15.

L. Texanum. Buckl. Proc. Acad. Philad. 1861, 449, fide Gray, same, 1862, 161.
L. lasiocarpum. Nutt.; Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1.115. Walp. Rep. 1.176. JDietr.
». 666, Eat. & Wr. 296. Watson, Proce. Am. Acad.11.113. Brew. & Wats. 1. c. 46.

L. latipes. Hook. Icon. t. 41. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1.116. Hook. & Arn. Bot.
Beechey, 323. Walp. Rep. 1.177. Eat. & Wr. 296. Dietr. 3. 667. Torrey, Mex.
Bound. 34. Boland. Cat. 5. Brew. & Wats. Bot. Calif. 1. 45.
L. Menziesii. DC. Syst. 2.539; Prodr. 1. 205. Spreng. Syst. 2. 868. Hook. Fl.
Bor.-Am. 1. 68, excl. var. Don, Mill. 1.219. Torr. & Gray, FI. 1. 115, in part.
Dietr. 3. 667. Boland. Cat. 5. Watson, 1. c. 113. Brew. & Wats. 1. c. 46.

L. Californicum. Nutt.; Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1.115. Walp. Rep. 1.176. Eat. &
Wr. 296. Dietr. 3. 666. Torrey, Mex. Bound. 34. Boland. Cat. 5.
L. montanum. Nutt.; Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1.116 & 669. Walp. Rep.1.176. Dietr.
3. 666. Gray, Pl. Wright. 2.15. Torrey, Pac. R. Rep. 7. 8. Anderson, Cat. 117.
Watson, King’s Rep. 5. 29. Coulter, Hayd. Rep. 1872, 761. Porter, Fl. Col. 10.

Lepidium. Nasturtium.] CRUCIFERZ. 65

L. corymbosum. Hook. & Arn. Bot. Beechey, 823. Walp. Rep. 1.177. Dietr.
8. 666. Durand, Fl. Utah, 159.
L. Utahviense. Regel, Act. Hort. Petrop. 1. 92.

L. nanum. Watson, King’s Rep. 5. 30, t. 4, f. 5-7.

L. nitidum. Nutt.; Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1.116. Walp. Rep. 1.178. Dietr. 3. 670.

Benth. Pl. Hartw. 297. Torrey, Pac. R. Rep. 4. 66 & 7.8; Mex. Bound. 34.

Newberry, Pac. R. Rep. 6. 66. Boland. Cat. 5. Brew. & Wats. Bot. Calif. 1. 46.
L. leiocarpum. Hook. & Arn. Bot. Beechey, 824; not DC.

L. oxycarpum. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1.116. Hook. & Arn. Bot. Beechey, 823.
Walp. Rep. 1.178. Dietr. 8. 670. Boland. Cat. 5. Brew. & Wats. 1. c.

Var. (?) strictum. Watson, Bot. Calif. 1. 46.
L. rupeRALE, Linn. Gray, Genera, 1. 168, t. 73, f 8-10; Manual, 74.

L. sativum, Linn. Porter, Hayd. Rep. 1870, 473; Fl. Col. 10. Coulter, Hayd.
Rep. 1872, 761.

L. sordidum. Gray, Pl. Wright. 1.10 & 2.15. Walp. Ann. 4. 213.

L. Virginicum. Linn. Spec. 645. Hill, Veg. Syst. 11, t. 44, £3. Walt. Fl. Car.
1732 Ait. Hort. Kew. 2. 375. Willd. Spec. 3. 440. Michx. Fl. 2.271. Per-
soon, 2. 188. Pursh, 435. Nutt. Genera, 2. 64. James, Cat. 185; Long’s Exp.
2.178. DC. Syst. 2. 588; Prodr. 1.205. Elliott, 2.140. Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am. 1. 69;
Jour. Bot. 1. 192; Lond. Jour. Bot. 6.71. Don, Mill. 1. 219. Darling. Fl. Cestr.
380. Torr. & Gray, Fl.1.115. Torrey, Fl. N. Y. 1. 64. Gray, Genera, 1. 168,
t. 73; Pac. R. Rep. 12. 41; Manual, 74. Scheele, Rim. Texas, 437. Seem. Bot.
Herald, 268. Parry, Pl. Minn. 609. Griseb. Fl. W. Ind. 14. Chapman, 30. Pl.
Bourgeau, 263. Leggett, Torr. Bull. 1. 5.

Clypeola Caroliniana. Walt. Fl. Car. 173.

L. Iberis. Schkuhr, Handb. 2. 222, t. 180.

Thlaspi Virginianum. Poir. Dict. 7. 544. Hornem. Hort. Hafn. 605.

L. triandrum. Stokes, Bot. Med. 8. 426.

Dileptium diffusum & precox. Raf. Fl. Lud. 85; Med. Bot. 2. 237.

Cynocardamum Virginicum. Webb & Berth. Hist. Nat. Canar. 1.97. Spach,
Hist. Veg. 6. 554.

L. Wrightii. Gray, Pl. Wright. 2. 15; Ives’s Rep. 7. Torr. & Gray, Pac. R.
Rep. 2. 160. Torrey, same, 4.67; Mex. Bound. 34. Walp. Ann. 4. 214.

LYROCARPA Coulteri. Hook. & Hary. in Lond. Jour. Bot. 4. 76, t. 4.
Walp. Rep. 5. 37. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 5. 158. Baill. Hist. Pl. 3. 282.

NASTURTIUM amphibium. R. Br. in Ait. f. Hort. Kew. 4.110. See syn. in
DC. Syst. 2. 196. — Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am. 1. 39. Beck, Bot. 32. Torr. & Gray, Fl. ~
1.78. Hook.f. Arct. Pl. 284.

Sisymbrium amphibium. Linn. Spec. 657. Pursh, 440. Nutt. Genera, 2. 67.
Elliott, 2.146. Bigel. Fl. Bost. 253.

S. Indicum. Walt. Fl. Car. 174.

N. Armoracta, Fries. Gray, Manual, 65.
Cochlearia Armoracia, Linn. Gray, Manual, 8 ed. 39.
Armoracia rusticana, Rupp. Wood, Bot. & FI. 41.

N. curvisiliqua. Nutt.; Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1.78. Walj. Rep. 1.127. Dietr. 3. 685.
Hook. in Lond. Jour. Bot. 6. 69. Torrey, Pac. R. Rep. 4. 65 & 7.7; Mex. Bound.
33; Bot. Wilkes, 226. Cooper, Pac. R. Rep. 12. 56. Boland. Cat. 4. Coulter,
Hayd. Rep. 1872, 760. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 8. 376.

5

66 CRUCIFERZ. [Nasturtium.

Sisymbrium curvisiliqua. Hook. Fl. 1. 61. Hook. & Arn. Bot. Beechey, 323.
N. cernuum & polymorphum. Nutt.; Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1.74. Walp. Rep. 1. 127.

Var. lyratum. Watson, Bot. Calif. 1. 45.

N. lyratum. Nutt.; Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 73 & 666. Walp. Rep. 1.127. Dietr.
3. 685. Newberry, Pac. R. Rep. 6.66. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 8. 376. Torrey,
Bot. Wilkes, 226.

N. obtusum. Torrey, Pac. R. Rep. 4. 65.
N. lacustre. Gray, Genera, 1. 152; Manual, 65. Chapman, 25.

@ Cochlearia aquatica. Eaton, Manual, 5 ed. 181.

N. natans. Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am. 1. 89, not DC. ; Journ. Bot. 1. 190. Beck, Bot.
382. Gray, Manual, 1 ed. 32.

N. natans, var. Americanum. Gray, Ann. Lyc. N. Y. 3. 223. Torr. & Gray, Fl.
1.75. Walp. Rep. 1.127. Torrey, Fl. N. Y. 1.52. Parry, Pl: Minn. 609.

Armoracia Americana. Hook. & Arn. Brit. Fl. 7. ed. 29. Wood, Bot. & FI. 42.

N. limosum. Nutt.; Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1.74. Walp. Rep. 1.127. Dietr. 3. 685.
Gray, Pac. R. Rep. 12. 41. Wood, Cl.-Book, 228; Bot. & Fl. 81.

N. obtusum. Nutt.; Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1.74. Walp. Rep. 1. 127. Dietr. 3. 685.
Eat. & Wr. 326. Gray, Pl. Fendl.6; Pl. Wright. 2.10; Pl. Thurb. 299; Pac. R.
Rep. 12. 41; Proc. Acad. Philad. 1863, 57. Torrey, Pac. R. Rep. 5. 359; Mex.
Bound. 35. Porter, Hayd. Rep. 1870, 473; 1871, 478; Fl. Col. 6. Watson, King’s
Rep. 5. 15. Coulter, Hayd. Rep. 1872, 760.

Var. (?) alpinum. Watson, King’s Rep. 5. 15.
N. orricinars, R. Br. Cham. & Schlecht. in Linn. 1.15. Hook. FI. Bor.-Am.
1.39. Beck, Bot. 31. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1.72. Chapman, 25. Gray, Manual, 64;
Hall’s Pl. Tex. 3. Anderson, Cat. 117. Boland. Cat. 4. Watson, King’s Rep. 5. 15.
Coulter, Hayd. Rep. 1872, 760. Porter, Fl. Col. 6.

Sisymbrium Nasturtium, Linn. Walt. Fl. Car. 174. Pursh, 440. Nutt. Genera,

2.67. Elliott, 2. 145.

N. palustre, DC. See syn. in DC. Syst. 2.191; Ledeb. Fl. Ross. 1. 112; Regel,
Fl. Ost-Sib. 1. 151. — Richards. Frankl. Journ. 15. Cham. & Schlecht. in Linn.
1. 15. Raf. Med. Bot. 2. 89, f.65. Hook. FI. Bor.-Am. 1. 39; Jour. Bot. 1. 190;
Lond. Jour. Bot. 6. 69. Beck, Bot. 82. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1.78. Hook. & Arn.
Bot. Beechey, 135. Torrey, Fl. N. Y. 1. 51; Nicol. Rep. 145; Frem. Rep. 87;
Pac. R. Rep. 4. 64; Mex. Bound. 83; Bot. Wilkes, 226. Gray, Pl. Fendl. 6; Pl.
Wright. 2.10; Genera, 1. 132, t. 53, f. 1-5; Pac. R. Rep. 12. 41; Manual, 64;
Proc. Am. Acad. 8. 376. Seem. Bot. Herald, 51. Parry, Pl. Minn. 609. Lange,
Pl. Grénl. 130. Cooper, Pac. R. Rep. 12. 56. Chapman, 25. Hook. f. Arct. Pl.
284. Rothr. Alask. 442. Watson, King’s Rep. 5. 15. Porter, Fl. Col. 6.

Sisymbrium palustre, Linn. Pursh, 440. Elliott, 2. 145.

Camelina barbareefolia. DC. Syst. 2 517; Prodr. 1. 201. Deless. Icon. Sel.
2,t.70. Cham. & Schlecht. in Linn. 1.29. Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am. 1. Goren orice
Gray, Bl det

Tetrapoma barbarecefolium, Turcz., & T. Krusianum. Fisch. & Mey. in Ind. Sem.
Petr. 1. 39 (Linn. Litt.-Ber. 1836, 104). Baill. Hist. Pl. 8. 186 & 232, £ 210-213.

Roripa nasturtioides. Spach, Hist. Veg. 6. 506.

Tetrapoma pyriforme. Seem. Bot. Herald, 24, t. 2. Rothr. Alask. 443.

N. lyratum. Cooper, Pad. R. Rep. 12. 51.

Var. hispidum. Fisch. & Mey. Ind. Sem. Petr. 3. 41 (Linn. Litt.-Ber. 1838,
101). Gray, Pl. Fendl. 6 ; Manual, 64. Watson, King’s Rep. 5. 15. Porter, Hayd..
Rep. 1871, 478. Coulter, same, 1872, 760.

Nasturtium. Parrya.] ; CRUCIFERZ. OT

Brachylobus hispidus. Desy. Jour. 3. 188.

Sisymbrium hispidum. Poir. Suppl. 5. 161. .

Nasturtium hispidum. DC. Syst. 2. 201; Prodr. 1. 189. Don, Mill. 1. 158. Torr.
& Gray, Fl. 1.74. Torrey, Fl.N. Y.1. 51. Gray, Manual, 1 ed. 32.

N. sessiliflorum. Nutt.; Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 73 & 666. Walp. Rep. 1. 127.
Dietr. 3. 685. Gray, Genera, 1. 182, t. 53, f. 6-8; Pac. R. Rep. 12.40; Manual,
64; Hall’s Pl. Tex. 3. Torrey, Mex. Bound. 33. Chapman, 24.

N. sinuatum. Nutt.; Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 73 & 666. Walp. Rep. 1. 27. Dietr.
8.685. Torrey, Nicol. Rep. 145. Gray, Pl. Fendl. 6; Ives’s Rep. 6; Manual, 64.
Parry, Pl. Minn. 609. Porter, Hayd. Rep. 1870, 473; Fl. Col. 6. Watson, King’s
Rep. 5. 15.

N. spherocarpum. Gray, Pl. Fendl. 6. Walp. Ann. 2. 33.
N. sytvestre, R. Br. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 74. Nees, Pl. Wied, 4. Gray,
Manual, 64.

Sisymbrium vulgare. Nutt. Genera, 2. 68.

N. tanacetifolium. Hook. & Arn. in Hook. Jour. Bot. 1.190. Torr. & Gray, Fl.
1.72. Walp. Rep. 1.126. Engelm. & Gray, Pl. Lindh. 33, Gray, Hall’s Pl. Tex. 3.
Chapman, 24. Wood, Cl.-Book, 228; Bot. & Fl. 36.

Sisymbrium tanacetifolium. Walt. Fl. Car. 174.

Cardamine teres. Michx. Fl. 2. 29. Persoon, 2. 195. Poir. Suppl. 2.394. DC.
Syst. 2. 259; Prodr. 1. 151. Don, Mill. 1. 169. Beck, Bot. 31. Gray, Manual,
1 ed. 34.

Sisymbrium (2) teres. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1.938. Fournier, Sisymb. 100. Gray,
Am. Jour. Sci. 2. 42. 278.

N. palustre, var. tanacetifolium. DC. Syst. 2. 192; Prodr. 1. 187. Don, Mill.
1. 156.

Sisymbrium Walteri. Elliott, 2. 146.

N. micropetalum. Fisch. & Mey. Ind. Sem. Petr. 3. 41 (Linn, Litt.-Ber. 1838,
100). Dietr. 3. 686.

N. Walteri. Wood, Cl.-Book, 228; Bot. & Fl. 36.

PARRYA arctica. R. Br. in Parry’s Ist Voy. 269, t. B (Flora, 7?, Beil. 75).
Hook. in Parry’s 2d Voy. 888; Fl. Bor.-Am. 1. 47. Don, Mill. 1. 178. Torr. &
Gray, Fl. 1. 88. Walp. Rep. 1. 184. Dietr. 8. 701. Seem. Bot. Herald, 54. Hook.
f. in Jour. Linn. Soe. 1. 121; Arct. Pl. 285.

Neuroloma arcticum. Spreng. Syst. 2. 888.

P. nudicaulis, var. a. arctica. Regel in Reg. & Herd. Pl. Seminov. Suppl. 2. 20.
P. arenicola. Hook. f. Arct. Pl. 285 & 315.

Eutrema arenicola. Richards.; Hook. Fl. Bor-Am. 1.67, t.24. Torr. & Gray,
eee:

P. nudicaulis. Regel, Fl. Ost-Sib. 1. 176, and Regel & Herd. 1. ¢. 2. 20, with syn.

Matthiola nudicaulis. Trauty. in Trud. Petr. 1. 51 (Trim. Jour. Bot. 1. 214).

Vars. glabra & aspera. Regel in Pl. Seminov. I. c. 22 & 24.

Cardamine articulata. Pursh, 439. DC. Syst. 2. 268; Prodr. 1. 154. Don, Mill.
1.171. Dietr. 3. 699.

P. macrocarpa. R. Br. in Parry’s 1st Voy. 270. Cham. & Schlecht. in Linn.
1.18. Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am. 1. 47, t. 15. Don, Mill. 1. 173. Torr. & Gray, FI.
1.88. Hook. & Arn. Bot. Beechey, 121. Ledeb. Fl. Ross. 1. 181, with syn.
Turcz. Fl. Baic. 1.124. Walp. Rep. 1.184. Dietr. 8.701. Trautv. in Pl. Mid-
dend. 1. 55. Seem. Bot. Herald, 24 & 51. Regel, Gart. Fl. 11. 235, t=. 368. Hook.
f. Arct. Pl. 285. Rothr. Alask. 443. Watson, King’s Rep. 5. 14.

68 CRUCIFERZ. [Sisymbrium.

PHYSARIA didymocarpa. Gray, Genera, 1.162; Am. Jour. Sci. 2. 33. 243 ;
Proc. Acad. Philad. 1863,,58. Torrey, Stansb. Rep. 384; Bot. Wilkes, 232. Porter,
Hayd. Rep. 1870, 473; Fl. Col. 7. Watson, King’s Rep. 5. 20.

Vesicaria didymocarpa. Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am. 1. 48, t. 16. Don, Mill. 1. 177.
Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 102. Walp. Rep. 1. 141. Dietr. 3. 638. Torrey, Frem.
Rep. 87. Pl. Bourgean, 254.

P. Geyeri. Gray, Genera, 1. 162. Torrey, Bot. Wilkes, 232.
‘esicaria Geyert. Hook. in Lond. Jour. Bot. 6. 70, t. 5. Walp. Ann. 1. 32.

P. Newberryi. Gray, Ives’s Rep. 6; Am. Jour. Sci. 2. 33. 248.

PLATYSPERMUM scapigerum. Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am. 1. 68, t. 18, f. B;~

Lond. Jour. Bot. 6. 71. Don, Mill. 1.198. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 112 & 668. Dietr.
3. 659. Baill. Hist. Pl. 8. 270. Watson, King’s Rep. 5. 20. Torr. Bot. Wilkes, 234.

RAPHANUS Rapnanistrum, Linn. Beck, Bot.34. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1.120.
Torrey, Fl. N. Y. 1. 66; Mex. Bound. 35. Hook. f. Arct. Pl. 286. Gray, Manual,
75. Boland. Cat. 5.

R. sativus, Linn. Gray, Manual, 75. Coulter, Hayd. Rep. 1872, 761.

SELENIA aurea. Nutt.in Jour. Acad. Philad. 5. 182, t. 6 (Linn. Litt.-Ber.
1830, 62). Don, Mill. 1. 269. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1.99. Dietr. 3. 654. Gray, Gen-
era, 1. 158, t. 67.

S. dissecta. Torr. & Gray, Pac. R. Rep. 2. 160, t. 1 (Flora, 1858, 624). Walp.
Ann. 7. 109.

SENEBIERA Coronoprvs, Poir. Torr. & Gray, Fl.1.115. A. H. Smith, Proce.
Acad. Philad. 1867, 18. Gray, Manual, 75. :
Coronopus Ruellit, All. Pursh, 485. Elliott, 2. 189.

S. pipyma, Pers. Chapman, 30. Smith,].c.17. Gray, Manual, 74. Boland. Cat. s.

Biscutella apetala. Walt. Fl. Car. 174.

Cochlearia humifusa. Michx. FI. 2. 27.

Senebiera incisa. Willd. Enum. 668.

Coronopus didymus. Pursh, 435. Nutt. Genera, 2. 65. James, Long’s Exped.
2. 339. Elliott, 2. 189.

Coronopus incisus. Hornem. Hort. Hafn. 599.

Senebiera pinnatifida. DC. Syst. 2. 528; Prodr. 1. 203. Hook. Jour. Bot. 1. 192;
Fl. Antarct. 1. 241. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1.114. Gray, Genera, 1. 166, t. 72.

SISYMBRIUM acuraneutum, DC. Brew. & Wats. Fl. Calif. 1. 41.

S. auriculatum. Gray, Pl. Wright. 1.8 & 2.12. Walp. Ann. 4. 210. Fournier
Sisymb. 102.

S. canescens. Nutt. Genera, 2. 68. DC. Syst. 2.475; Prodr. 1.194. Richards.
Frankl. Journ. 16. Elliott, 2. 147. Spreng. Syst. 2. 904. Graham, Edinb. Phil.
Jour. 1828, 380 (Linn. Litt.-Ber. 1830, 128). Torrey, Ann. Lyc. N. Y. 2. 166;
Nicol. Rep. 145; Stansb. Rep. 884; Pac. R. Rep. 7.7; Mex. Bound. 33. Hook.
Fl. Bor.-Am. 1. 62; Lond. Jour. Bot. 6. 69. Don, Mill. 1. 207. Darling. FI.
Cestr. 886. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 92; Pac. R. Rep. 2. 159. Hook. & Arn. Bot.
Beechey, 122. Walp. Rep. 1. 166. Dietr. 8. 708. Engelm. & Gray, Pl. Lindh. 33.
Gray, Genera, 1. 152, t. 64; Pl. Fendl. 8; Pl. Wright. 2.12; Pac. R. Rep. 12. 41;
Tves’s Rep.6; Am. Jour. Sci. 2. 33. 243 & 2. 42. 279; Manual, 70. Seem. Bot.
Herald, 51. Parry, Pl. Minn. 609. Durand, Fl. Utah, 159. Cooper, Pac. R. Rep.
12. 56. Chapman, 28. Pl. Bourgeau, 254. Hook. f. Arct. Pl. 286 & 819. Four-
nier, Sisymb. 65. Rothr. Alask. 443. Boland. Cat. 5. Watson, King’s Rep.
5.23. Porter, Hayd. Rep. 1871, 478; Fl. Col. 8. Coulter, Hayd. Rep. 1872, 760.

)

i Bl

Sisymbrium.] CRUCIFER 2. 69

Erysimum pinnatum. Walt. Fl. Car. 174.

Cardamine (?) multifida. Pursh, 440. Nutt. Genera, 1.67. Don, Mill. 1. 170.
Dietr. 3. 699.

S: Sophia. Pursh, 440, not Linn. Gray, Proc. Acad. Philad. 1863, 57, in part.

Cardamine (?) Menziesii. DC. Syst. 2. 267; Prodr. 1. 158. Don, Mill. 1. 170.
Dietr. 3. 699.

Nasturtium multifidum & Menziesii. Spreng. Syst. 2. 888.

S. incanum. Bernh.; Fisch. & Mey. in Ind. Sem. Petr. 1. 88 (Ann. Sci. Nat.
2. 4. 837; Linn. Litt.-Ber. 1835, 103).

S. Sophia, var. canescens. Hook. Fl."Antarct. 1. 242.

Var. 8 (brachycarpum). Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1.92. Anderson, Cat. 117.

S. brachycarpon. Richards. Frankl. Journ. 16. DC. Prodr. 1.194. Graham,
Edinb. Phil. Jour. 1828, 379. Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am. 1. 62. Don, Mill. 1. 207. Nees,
Pl. Neuwied, 4. Fournier, Sisymb. 65, in part.

S. diffusum. Gray, Pl. Wright. 1.8 & 2.12. Walp. Ann. 4.210. Torrey, Mex.
Bound. 33. Fournier, Sisymb. 156.

S. glaucum. Nutt.; Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1.93. Walp. Rep.1.166. Eat. & Wr.
430. Dietr. 3.710. Fournier, Sisymb. 125. Porter, Fl. Col. 8.

S. humile. C. A. Meyer in Ledeb. Fl. Alt. 5.157. | See syn. in Ledeb. Fl. Ross.
1. 184; Fournier, Sisymb. 136.— Ledeb. Icon. t. 147. Hook. l.c. Torr. & Gray,
Fl. 1. 92. Walp. Rep. 1. 164. Seem. Bot. Herald, 51. Hook. f. Arct. Pl. 286.

S. incisum. Engelm.; Gray, Pl. Fendl. 8; Am. Journ. Sci. 2. 42.279; Manual, 70.
Walp. Ann. 2.48. Torrey, Pac. R. Rep. 4.66. Fournier, Sisymb. 64. Anderson,
Cat. 117. Brew. & Wats. Bot. Calif. 1. 41.
Smelowskia (%) Californica. Gray, Prog. Am. Acad. 6. 520. Anderson, Cat. 117.
Sisymbrium Californicum. Watson, King’s Rep. 5. 25; fide Gray, Am. Journ.
Sci. 3. 3. 150.
Var. Hartwegianum. Watson, Bot. Calif. 1. 41.
S. canescens. Benth. Pl. Hartw. 9. Pl. Bourgeau, 254, in part.
2 S. canescens, var. brevipes. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 92.
S. Sophia. Gray, Proc. Acad. Philad. 1863, 57, in part. Torr. Bot. Wilkes, 230.
S. Hartwegianum. Fournier, Sisymb. 66. Gray, Am. Journ. Sci. 2. 42. 279.
2 S. brachycarpum. Hook. & Arn. Bot. Beechey, 323. Fournier, 1. c. 65, in part.

Var. filipes. Gray, Fl. Fendl. 8. Brew. & Wats. 1. c.
S. longepedicellatum. Fournier, Sisymb. 59, excl. syn.

S.«linifolium. Nutt.; Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 91 & 667. Walp. Rep. 1.165. Eat. &
Wr. 430. Dietr. 3. 707. Fournier, Sisymb. 106.

S. junceum. Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am. 1. 61; not Bieb. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1.91. Eat.
& Wr. 429. Watson, King’s Rep. 5.23. Porter, Hayd. Rep. 1871, 478. Coulter,
same, 1872, 760. Brew. & Wats. 1. ce.

Nasturtium linifolium & pumilum. Nutt. in Journ. Acad. Philad. 7. 12.

2S. pygmeum. Nutt.; Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 91 & 667. Walp. Rep. 1. 165. Eat.
& Wr. 430. Dietr. 3.707. Fournier, Sisymb. 100. Boland. Cat. 5 2

Evysimum (?) glaberrimum. Wook. & Arn. Bot. Beechey, 823.

S. OFFICINALE, Scop. Hook. Fl. Bor-Am. 1.61. Beck, Bot. 33. Darling. FI.
Cestr. 386. Torr. & Gray, Fl.1.91. Torrey, Fl. N. Y. 1.59; Pac. R. Rep. 4. 66.
Chapman, 28. Gray, Manual, 70. Boland. Cat. 5. Brew. & Wats. 1. ¢. 41.
Erysimum officinale, Linn. Michx. Fl. 2. 31. Pursh, 486. Elliott, 2. 148.
$ S. Niagarense. Fournier, Sisymb. 85; fide Gray, Am. Journ. Sci. 2. 42. 278.

70 CRUCIFERA. [Sisymbrium. Smelowskia.

S. pauciflorum. Nutt.; Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 93. Walp. Rep. 1. 166. Dietr.
3. 710. Fournier, Sisymb, 127.
S. reflexum. Nutt. Pl. Gambel, in Proc. Mean: Philad. 4. 26 & Jour. 2. 1. 183.
Twrritis (2) lasiophylla. Hook. & Arn. Bot. Beechey, 821. Torr. & Gray, Fl.
1. 166. Walp. Rep. 1. 180. Dietr. 5. 689.
S. deflecum. Warv.; Torrey, Pac. R. Rep. 4. 66, 5. 859 & 7.7. Gray, Ives’s
Rep. 6; Proc. Am. Acad. 8. 877. Fournier, Sisymb. 108. Boland. Cat. 5.
S. salsugineum, Pall. See syn. in Ledeb. Fl. Ross. 1. 185; Fournier, Sisymb.
125. — Hook. f. & Thomp. in Jour. Linn. Soc. 5. 159. Hook. f. Arct. Pl. 286 & 319.
Turritis diffusa. Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am. 1. 41. Don, Mill. 1.161. Torr. & Gray,
Fl. 1.79. Walp. Rep. 1. 180. Dietr. 3. 689.

S. Sorura, Linn. Beck, Bot. 33. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 92. Hook. f. Arct. Pl.
286 & 319. Fournier, Bull. Soc. Bot. France, 11, 858. Gray, Am. Jour. Sci.
2. 42. 279; Manual, 70.

Var. Richards. Frankl. Journ. 16.

S. Sophia. Cham. & Schlecht. in Linn. 1. 28.

"|S. sophioides. Fisch.; Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am. 1. 61, t. 20. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 92.
Hook. & Arn. Bot. Beechey, 122. Ledeb. Fl. Ross. 1. 181. Walp. Rep. 1. 165.
Dietr. 3. 708. Seem. Bot. Herald, 24 & 51. Fournier, Sisymb. 58.

S. THariana, Gay. Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am. 1. 63. Darling. Fl. Cestr. 388. Torr. &
Gray, Fl. 1.98. Torrey, Fl. N. Y. 1.60. Chapman, 28. Fournier, Sisymb. 126.
Gray, Manual, 67 & 70.

Arabis Thaliana, Linn. Pursh, 487. Beck, Bot. 29. Hook. f. Arct. Pl. 284.

A. parviflora. Raf. Am. Mag. 1. 48.
S. virgatum. Nutt.; Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1.98. Walp. Rep. 1.166. Dietr. 3. 710.
Fournier, Sisymb. 105. Gray, Proc. Acad. Philad. 1863, 57.

.

S. alpinum; Braya alpina. S. Indicum ; Nasturtium amphibium.
amplubium ; Nasturtium amphibium. Junceum ; linifolium.
arabidoides ; Arabis lyrata. longepedicellatum ; incisum.
brachycarpum ; canescens, incisum. ' lyrata ; Arabis lyrata.
Californicum ; canescens, incisum. Nasturtium ; Nasturtium officinale.
cheiranthoides ; Erysimum cheiran- Niagarense ; officinale.

thoides. palustre ; Nasturtium palustre.

curvisiliqua ; Nasturtium curvisiliqua. pygmeum ; linifolium, Cheiranthus
deflexum ; reflexum. pygmeus. P
dentatum ; Arabis dentata. reflerum ; Arabis Holbeellii.
Edwardsii ; Futrema Edwardsii. Sophia ; canescens, incisum.
Hartwegianum ; incisum. sophioides ; Sophia.
hispidum ; Nasturtium palustre. tanacetifolium, teres & Walteri; Nas-
humifusum ; Arabis lyrata. turtium tanacetifolium.
imeanum ; canescens. vulgare ; Nasturtium sylvestre.

SMELOWSKIA calycina. C. A. Meyer in Ledeb. Fl. Alt. 5.170. See syn.
under Hutchinsia in Ledeb. ‘Fl. Ross. 1. 201; Regel & Herd. Pl. Seminov. 2. 143,
— Benth. & Hook. Genera, 1.79. Pl. Bourgeau, 254. Gray, Proc. Acad. Philad.
1863, 58. Watson, King’s Rep. 5.24. Porter, Hayd. Rep. 1871, 478; Fl. Col. 8.
Coulter, Hayd. Rep. 1872, 761. Brew. & Wats. Bot. Calif. 1. 42.

Hutchinsia calycina. Desy. Journ. Bot. 3. 168. Spreng. Syst. 2. 863. Hook. Fl.

Smelowskia. Streptanthus.| CRUCIFERZ. 71

Bor.-Am. 1. 58, t.17,f.B. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1.114. Hook. & Arn. Bot. Beechey,
122. Seem. Bot. Herald, 25. Hook. f. Arct. Pl. 286. Rothr. Alask. 443.
HI, calycina, var. Americana. Regel & Herder, 1. c. 145.

STANLEYA pinnatifida. Nutt. Genera, 2. 71. DC. Syst. 2. 512; Prodr.
1. 200. James, Cat. 185; Long’s Exped. 2. 345. Spreng. Syst. 2. 909. ‘Don, Mill.
1.214. Torr. & Gray, Fl.1.97. Dietr. 3.717. Nees, Pl. Wied, 4. Torrey, Nicol.
Rep. 145. Gray, Genera, 1. 154, t. 65; Pl. Fendl. 9; Pac. R. Rep. 12. 41. Wat-
son, King’s Rep. 5. 24. Porter, Fl. Col. 9.

Cleome pinnata. Pursh, 739. Bradbury, Cat. 337.

S. integrifolia. James, Cat. 185; Long’s Exped. 2. 845. Torrey, Ann. Lyc.
N.Y. 2. 166; Siter. Rep. 156;%.1. Torr. & Gray, Fl.1. 97." Walp. Rep: 1. 178,
Dietr. 8. 717. Dur. & Hilg. in Jour. Acad. Philad. 2. 3. 88; Pac. R. Rep. 5. 5.
Gray, Pac. R. Rep. 12. 41; Proc. Acad. Philad. 1868, 58.

S. heterophylla. Nutt.; Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 97. Walp. Rep. 1. 178. Dietr.
8.717. Torrey, Sitgr. Rep. 156.

S. fruticosa. Nutt. Pl. Gamb. in Proc. Acad. Philad. 4. 23, & Jour. 2. 1. 180.

S. tomentosa. Parry, Am. Naturalist, 8. 212.

S. viridiflora. Nutt.; Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1.98. Walp. Rep. 1.173. Dietr. 3. 717.
Gray, Pl. Fendl. 9. Watson, King’s Rep. 5. 25. Porter, Hayd. Rep. 1871, 478 ;
Coulter, same, 1872, 761.
STREPTANTHUS bracteatus. Gray, Pl. Lindh. 143; Genera, 1. 146, t. 60;
Pl. Wright. 1.7 & 2.11; Proc. Am. Acad. 6. 187; Hall’s Pl. Tex. 3. Walp. Ann.
2. 33. Watson, King’s Rep. 5. 429.
S. Breweri. Gray, Proc. Calif. Acad. 3. 101; Proc. Am. Acad. 6. 184. Ander-
son, Cat. 117. Boland. Cat. 5. Watson, King’s Rep. 5. 429.
S. carinatus. Wright.; Gray, Pl. Wright. 2. 11; Proc. Am. Acad. 6. 183. Torr.
& Gray, Pac. R. Rep. 2. 159. Walp. Ann. 4.192. Torrey, Mex. Bound. 382. Wat-
son, King’s Rep. 5. 429.
S. cordatus. Nutt.; Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1.77. Walp. Rep. 1.129. Dietr. 3. 730.
Gray, Ives’s Rep. 6; Proc. Am. Acad. 6. 183. Watson, King’s Rep. 5. 19 & 429.
Coulter, Hayd. Rep. 1872, 760.
S. flavescens. Hook. Icon. t. 44. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1.77. Hook. & Arn. Bot.
Beechey, 322. Walp. Rep. 1.129. Dietr. 3.730. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 6. 186,
in part. Boland. Cat. 5. Watson, King’s Rep. 5. 430.
S. glandulosus. Hook. Icon. t. 40. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 77. Hook. & Arn.
Bot. Beechey, 822. Walp. Rep. 1. 129. Dietr. 38. 730. Torrey, Mex. Bound. 33.
Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 6. 185. Boland. Cat. 5. Watson, King’s Rep. 5. 430.
S. heterophyllus. Nutt.; Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 77 & 666. Walp. Rep. 1. 129.
Dietr. 3. 730. Watson, King’s Rep. 5. 25 & 430.
S. hispidus. Gray, Proc. Calif. Acad. 3.101; Proc. Am. Acad. 6. 186. Boland.
Cat. 5. Watson, King’s Rep. 5. 480.
S. hyacinthoides. Hook. Bot. Mag. t. 3516. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1.78. Walp.
Rep. 1.129. Dietr. 3. 730. Engelm. & Gray, Pl. Lindh. 8. & 84. Gray, Genera,
1. 146, t. 61; Proc. Am. Acad. 6. 185; Hall’s Pl. Tex.3. Torrey, Marcy’s Rep. 280.
Watson, King’s Rep. 5. 429. Young, Fl. Texas, 161.

S. glabrifolius. Buckley, Proc. Acad. Philad. 1861, 448, fide Gray, same, 1862,
161. Walp. Ann. 7. 194.
S. maculatus. Nutt. in Jour. Acad. Philad. 5. 134, t.'7 (Linn. Litt.-Ber. 1830,
63). Don, Mill. 1. 269% Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 76. Walp. Rep. 1. 128. Dietr.

i2 CRUCIFER®. [Streptanthus. Thelypodium.

8.729. Gray, Pl. Wright. 2. 11; Proc. Am. Acad. 6. 183. Watson, King’s Rep.
5. 429. Young, Fl. Texas, 161.

2 Brassica Washitana. Muhl. Cat. 63. Nutt. Genera, 2. 72.

2 Stanleya Washitana. DC. Syst. 2. 512.

Streptanthus obtusifolius. Hook. Bot. Mag. t. 3317 (Ann. Sci. Nat. 2. 5. 290).
Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1.76. Walp. Rep. 1.128. Dietr. 38. 729. Gray, Genera, 1. 145,
t. 60 (pod).
S. platycarpus. Gray, Pl. Wright. 2.10; Proc. Am. Acad. 6.183. Walp. Ann.
4.192. Torrey, Mex. Bound. 82. Watson, King’s Rep. 5. 429.
S. polygaloides. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 6.519. Watson, King’s Rep. 5. 480.
S. repandus. Nutt.; Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1.77. Walp. Rep. 1. 129. Dietr. 3.,780.
Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 6. 186. Watson, King’s Rep. 5. 4830. Probably an Arabis.
S. tortuosus. Kellogg, Proc. Calif. Acad. 2. 152, £46. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad.
6. 184. Watson, King’s Rep. 5. 429.

S. cordatus. Torrey, Pac. R. Rep. 4. 65, not Nutt.

~

S. angustifolius ; Arabis Drummondii & | S. linearifolius; Thelypodium linearifo-

Holbollii. lium.
arcuatus ; Arabis arcuata. longifolius & micranthus ; Thelypodium
Brazoensis ; Arabis petiolaris. longifolium.
cordatus ; tortuosus. obtusifolius ; maculatus.
crassicaulis ; Caulanthus crassicaulis. petiolaris ; Arabis petiolaris.
Jlavescens ; 'Thelypodium flavescens. procerus ; Caulanthus procerus.
glabrifolius ; hyacinthoides. sagittatus ; Thelypodium Nuttallii.
heterophyllus ; Caulanthus Coulteri. virgatus ; Arabis Holbollii.

SUBULARIA aquatica, Linn. See syn. in DC. Syst. 2. 698. — Beck, Bot. 28.
Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1.118. Gray, Genera, 1. 164, t. 71; Manual, 73. Hook. f. Arct.
Pl. 286 & 3820.

SYNTHLIPSIS Berlandieri. Gray, Mex. Bound. 34. Walp. Ann. 7. 171.
Baill. Hist. Pl. 3. 282.

S. Greggii. Gray, Pl. Fendl. 116; Mex. Bound. 84. Walp. Ann. 2. 40 & 7. 171.

THELYPODIUM brachycarpum. Torrey, Bot. Wilkes, 231, t. 1. Gray,
Proc. Am. Acad. 6. 520. Anderson, Cat. 117. Watson, King’s Rep. 5. 25 & 26.

T. flavescens. Watson, King’s Rep. 5. 25.
Streptanthus flavescens. Torrey, Pac. R. Rep. 4. 65, not Hook. Watson, I. c. 19.

T. integrifolium. Endl. Gen. Pl. 876. Walp. Rep. 1.172. Torrey, Frem. Rep.
87. Torr. & Gray, Pac. R. Rep. 2. 126. Watson, King’s Rep. 5. 25. Porter, Hayd.
Rep. 1871, 478; Fl. Col.‘ 9!

Pachypodium integrifolium. Nutt.; Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 96 & 668. Hook. & Arn.
Bot. Beechey, 321, t. 74 Dietr. 3. 702. Hook. in Lond. Jour. Bot. 6.70. Dur. &
Hilg. Pac. R. Rep. 5. 5.

T. laciniatum. Endl. Gen. Pl. 876. Walp. Rep. 1. 172. Watson, King’s Rep.
5. 25 & 26. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 8. 377. Torrey, Bot. Wilkes, 231.
Macropodium laciniatum. Hook. Fl). Bor.-Am. 1. 43; Bot. Mise. 1. 341, t. 68.
Don, Mill. 1. 166. Dietr. 3. 695.
Pachypodium laciniatum. Nutt.; Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 96. Dietr. 3. 702, as
P. ciliatum. :

a1
oo

Thelypodium, Thysanocarpus.] CRUCIFERA.

T. linearifolium. Watson, King’s Rep. 5. 25. Porter, Fl. Col. 9.

Streptanthus linearifolius. Gray, Pl. Fendl. 7; Pl. Wright. 1.7 & 2.10. Walp.
Ann. 2. 33. Torrey, Sitgr. Rep. 155; Pac. R. Rep. 4.65; Mex. Bound. 32. Por-
ter, Hayd. Rep. 1870, 473.

Todanthus or Pachypodium linearifolium. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 6. 187.

T. longifolium. Watson, King’s Rep. 5. 25.

Streptanthus longifolius. Benth. Pl. Hartw. 10. Walp. Rep. 1.129. Dietr. 3. 750.
Gray, Pl. Fendl. 6; Pl. Wright. 2.10; Ives’s Rep. 6; Proc. Am. Acad. 6. 187. Tor-
rey, Pac. R. Rep. 4. 65; Mex. Bound. 83. Watson, King’s Rep. 5. 19.

S. micranthus. Gray, Pl. Fendl. 7; Proc. Am. Acad. 6. 187. Walp. Ann.
2. 33."
T. Nuttallii. Watson, King’s Rep, 5. 25 & 26. Coulter, Hayd. Rep. 1872, 761.

Streptanthus sagittatus. Nutt. in Jour. Acad. Philad. 7. 12. Torr. & Gray, FI.
1.76 & 666. Hook. & Arn. Bot. Beechey, 322. Walp. Rep. 1. 128. Dietr. 3. 729.
Torrey, Stansb. Rep. 884. Durand, Fl. Utah, 159. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 6. 187.
Watson, King’s Rep. 5. 19.

T. pinnatifidum. Watson’s King’s Rep. 5. 25.

Hesperis (2) pinnatifida. Michx. Fl. 2.51. Persoon, 2. 203. Poir. Suppl. 3. 197.
Pursh, 456. Nutt. Genera, 2.69. DC. Syst. 2. 456; Prodr. 1.190. Spreng. Syst.
2.900. Don, Mill. 1. 204. Beck, Bot. 82.

Cheiranthus hesperidoides. Torr. & Gray, FI. 1. 72.

Todanthus hesperidoides. Torr. & Gray; Gray, Genera, 1. 134, t.54; Manual,
1 ed. 38. Chapman, 25. Wood, Bot. & Fl. 36.

Todanthus pinnatifidus. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 6.188. Watson, King’s Rep.
Onell:

Arabis hesperidoides. Gray, Manual, 68.

T. sagittatum. Endl. Gen. Pl. 876. Walp. Rep. 1.172. Anderson, Cat. 117.
Watson, King’s Rep. 5. 25, in part. Brew. & Wats. Bot. Calif. 1. 37.
Pachypodium sagittatum. Nutt.; Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1.97. Dietr. 3. 702.

T. Wrightii. Gray, Pl. Wright.’1. 7 & 2.12. Torrey, Sitgr. Rep. 155; Pac.
R. Rep. 4. 66; Mex. Bound. 33. Torr. & Gray, Pac. R. Rep. 2.126. Porter, FI.
Col. 9.
THLASPI alpestre. Linn. Spec. 2 ed. 903. See syn. in DC. Syst. 2. 380.
— Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am. 1.58. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1.114. Hook. f. Arct. Pl. 286 &
320, referring it to ZT. montanum, Linn. Watson, King’s Rep. 5.31. Porter, FI.
Col. 10.

T. montanum. Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am. 1. 58, not Linn. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 113.

T. cochleariforme. DC. Syst. 2. 881. See syn. in Ledeb. Fl. Ross. 1. 164;
Regel, Fl. Ost-Sib. 1. 201.— Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am. 1. 58; Lond. Jour. Bot. 6. 71.
Nutt. in Jour. Acad. Philad. 7.18. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 114. Gray, Pl. Fendl.
10; Am. Jour. Sci. 2. 83. 242; Proc. Acad. Philad. 1863, 58. Coulter, Hayd. Rep.
1872, 761. ‘Torrey, Bot. Wilkes, 233.

LT. Fendleri. Gray, Pl. Wright. 2. 14; Ives’s Rep. 7. Torrey, Mex. Bound. 84.
Porter, Hayd. Rep. 1870, 473.
T. ARVENSE, Linn. Pursh, 435. Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am. 1.58. Beck, Bot. 25. Torr.
& Gray, Fl. 1.118. Torrey, Fl. N. Y. 1.64. Hook. f. Arct. Pl. 286. Pl. Bourgeau,
254. Gray, Manual, 74.
THYSANOCARPUS curvipes. Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am. 1. 69, t.18, fA; Lond.
Jour. Bot. 6.71. Fisch. & Mey. Ind. Sem. Petr, 2. 25 (Hook. Comp. Bot. Mag.
2.9; Ann. Sci. Nat. 2. 5. 181; Linn. Litt.-Ber. 1837, 121). Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 118.

74 CRUCIFERZ. [Thysanocarpus. Vesicaria.

Hook. & Arn. Bot. Beechey, 324. Walp. Rep. 1. 183. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad.
8. 377. Torrey, Bot. Wilkes, 234.

T. elegans. Fisch. & Mey. ll. ce. Hook. Icon. t. 39. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 118.
Hook. & Arn. Bot. Beechey, 824. Walp. Rep. 1. 183. Benth. Pl. Hartw. 297.
Torrey, Pac. R. Rep. 4. 67; Mex. Bound. 85. Boland. Cat. 5. Watson, King’s
Rep. 5. 31.

T. pulchellus. Fisch. & Mey. ll. cc. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 118. Hook. &
Arn. Bot. Beechey, 324. Walp. Rep. 1. 183. Benth. Pl. Hartw. 297. Boland.
Cat. 5.

T. runcinatus. Don, Mill. 1.196. Dietr. 3. 661.

T. laciniatus. Nutt.; Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 118. Walp. Rep. 1. 183. Torrey,
Pac. R. Rep. 4. 67; Mex. Bound. 35. Gray, Ives’s Rep. 7. Watson, King’s
Rep. 5. 31.

T. crenatus. Nutt.; Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 118. Walp. Rep. 1. 183. Torrey,
Pac. R. Rep. 4. 67; Mex. Bound. 85. Anderson, Cat. 118.

T. pusillus. Hook. Icon. t. 42. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1.119. Hook. & Arn. Bot.
Beechey, 324. Walp. Rep. 1.183. Torrey, Pac. R. Rep. 4.67. Boland. Cat. 5.
Watson, King’s Rep. 5. 31. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 8. 377.

T. oblongifolius. Nutt.; Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 118. Walp. Rep. 1. 188. Hook.
Lond. Jour. Bot. 6. 72. Torrey, Pac. R. Rep. 4. 67; Bot. Wilkes, 234. Boland.
Cat. 5.

T. radians. Benth. Pl. Hartw. 297. Walp. Ann. 2. 52. Boland. Cat. 5. Wat-
son, King’s Rep. 5. 31.

TROPIDOCARPUM gracile. Hook. Icon. t. 43. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 94.
Walp. Rep. 1. 167. Dietr. 3. 701. Torrey, Pac. R. Rep. 4. 66.

T. scabriusculum. Hook. Icon. t. 52. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1.94. Walp. Rep.
aot Diets. 701. :

TURRITIS brachycarpa; Arabis Drum- | T. macrocarpa; Arabis perfoliata.

mondii. mollis ; Arabis Holbollii.
diffusa ; Sisymbrium salsugineum. oblongata & ovata; Arabis hirsuta.
glabra; Arabis perfoliata, Drum- patula ; Arabis Holbollii, hirsuta.
mondii. perfoliata ; Arabis perfoliata.
Grahami ; Arabis Holbollii. retrofracta ; Arabis Holbollii.
hirsuta ; Arabis hirsuta. salsuginosa ; Sisymbrium salsugin-
levigata ; Arabis levigata. eum.
lasiophylla ; Sisymbrium reflexum. spathulata & stricta; Arabis Drum-
lyrata ; Arabis Canadensis. mondii. ,

VESICARIA alpina. Nutt.; Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 102. Walp. Rep. 1. 141.
Dietr. 3.639. Hook. Lond. Jour. Bot. 6. 70. Gray, Pl. Lindh. 150. Porter, Hayd.
Rep. 1871, 478.

V. arctica. Richards. Frankl. Journ. 15 & 2 ed. 26. DC. Prodr. 1.159. Spreng.
Syst. 2.872. Hook. Bot. Mag. t. 2882; Fl. Bor.-Am. 1. 48; Bot. Misc. 3. 138.
Don, Mill. 1.176. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1.100. Dietr. 3. 638. Gray, Pl. Lindh. 149.
Durand, Pl. Kane, 186. Lange, Pl. Grénl. 129. Hook. f. in Jour. Linn. Soe. 1. 121;
Arct. Pl. 285. Dickie, Jour. Linn. Soc. 3. 110.

Alyssum arcticum. Wormsk.; Hornem. Fl. Dan. 9, t.1520. DC. Syst. 2. 824.

V. arenosa. Richards. 1. c. DC. Prodr. 1.160. Spreng. Syst. 2. 872. Don,
Mill. 1.177. Dietr. 8. 638.

V. argentea. Schauer, Linn. 20.720. Gray, Pl. Lindh. 160.— (Northern Mexico ;
Coulter, n. 691.)

Vesicaria] CRUCIFERE. (3

V. argyrea. Gray, Pl. Lindh. 146 & 149; Pl. Wright. 1.10. Walp. Ann. 2. 39.
Torr. & Gray, Pac. R. Rep. 2. 159. Torrey, same, 4. 66.

V. auriculata. Engelm. & Gray, Pl. Lindh. 32. Gray, same, 148. Walp. Ann.
2. 38.

V. Berlandieri. Gray in Herb., ined. — (Berlandier, n. 819 & 884.)

V. densiflora. Gray, Pl. Lindh. 145 & 148; Pl. Wright. 1. 10. Walp. Ann. 2. 388.
Torrey, Mex. Bound. 33.

V. Engelmanni. Gray, Genera, 1. 162,t. 70; Pl. Lindh. 144 & 149; Pl. Wright.
1.10; Hall’s Pl. Tex. 3. Walp. Ann. 2. 39.

V. pulchella. Kunth & Bouché, Ind. Sem. Berol. 1848, 15 (Ann. Sci. Nat.
8. 2. 229). cS
V. Fendleri. Gray, Pl. Fendl. 9; Pl. Lindh. 149; Ives’s Rep. 6. Walp. Ann.
2.39. Torr. & Gray, Pac. R. Rep. 2. 160. Torrey, same, 4. 66.

V. arctica. Gray, Pl. Fendl. 9.

V. stenophylla. Gray, Pl. Lindh. 149; Pl. Wright. 1.10 & 2.138. Walp. Ann.
2.39 & 4.196. Torrey, Sitgr. Rep. 155; Marcy’s Rep. 280; Mex. Bound. 33. _ Por-
ter, Fl. Col. 6.

V. Gordoni. Gray, Pl. Lindh. 149. Walp. Ann. 2.38. Torr. & Gray, Pac. R.
Rep. 2. 159. (V. angustifolia. Gray, Pl. Wright. 2. 13, in part.)

V. gracilis. Hook. Bot. Mag. under t. 3466, & t. 3533. Torr. & Gray, FI. 1. 102;
Pac. R. Rep. 2.159. Walp. Rep. 1. 141; Ann. 2.388. Eat. & Wr. 478. Dietvr.
3. 638. Gray, Pl. Lindh. 147; Hall’s Pl. Tex. 3.

V. angustifolia. Nutt.; Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1.101; Pac. R. Rep.2. 159. Walp.
Rep. 1.141. Eat. & Wr. 473. Dietr. 3. 639. Gray, Pl. Lindh. 145 & 148; PI.
Wright. 2. 13, in part ; Ives’ Rep. 6. Torrey, Marcy’s Rep. 280.

4 V. polyantha. Schlecht. in Bot. Zeit. 18538, 619. Walp. Ann. 4. 195.

V. grandiflora. Hook. Bot. Mag. t. 3464. Don in Sweet’s Brit. Fl. Gard.
2 ser. t. 404. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 101, excl. var., & 668. Walp. Rep. 1. 141;
Ann. 2.87. Dietr. 3. 638. Gray, Pl. Lindh. 146 & 148; Hall’s Pl. Tex. 3.

V. brevistyla. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1.102. Walp. Rep. 1.141. Dietr. 3. 639.

V. lasiocarpa. Hook. Bot. Mag., under t. 3464. Gray, Pl. Lindh. 150; Pl.
Wright. 2.13. Walp. Ann. 4. 196.

V. Lindheimeri. Gray, Pl. Lindh. 145 & 149. Walp. Ann. 2. 39.

V. Ludoviciana. DC. Syst. 2. 297; Prodr. 1.159. Spreng. Syst. 2. 871. Tor-
rey, Ann. Lye. N. Y. 2. 166; Bot. Wilkes, 232. Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am. 1. 48; Lond.
Jour. Bot. 6.70. Don, Mill. 1.176. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 101; Pac. R. Rep. 2. 160.
Dietr. 3. 638. Nees, Pl. Wied, 4. Gray, Pl. Lindh. 149; Proc. Acad. Philad. 1863,
58. Scheele, Rom. Texas, 437. Pl. Bourgeau, 263. Porter, Hayd. Rep. 1870, 473;
1871, 478; Fl. Col. 7.

Myagrum argenteum. Pursh, 434. Poir. Suppl. 5. 592. Bradbury, Cat. Ba75

Alyssum Ludovicianum. Nutt. Genera, 2. 63.

V. globosa. Desv. Jour. Bot. 8. 181 & 184. Poir. Suppl. 5.473. Don, Mill.
1.176. Dietr. 3. 638.

* V. arctica. Pl. Bourgeau, 254. Coulter, Hayd. Rep. 1872, 760.
V. montana. Gray, Proc. Acad. Philad. 1863, 58. Watson, King’s Rep. 5. 20.
Porter, Hayd. Rep. 1871, 478; Fl. Col. 7.
V. Nuttallii. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1.101. Walp. Rep. 1. 142; Ann. 2. 88. Dietr.
3.639. Gray, Pl. Lindh. 148.

V. pallida. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 668. Gray, Pl. Lindh. 149. Walp. Ann. 2. 39.

; 1
76 CRUCIFERE. [Vesicaria. Cleome.

V. grandiflora, var. pallida. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 101.
V. purpurea. Gray, Pl. Wright. 2.14; Pl. Thurb. 299. Walp. Ann. 4. 196. Tor-
rey, Mex. Bound. 383.
Var. albiflora. Gray, Ives’s Rep. 6.
V. recurvata. Engelm.; Gray, Pl. Lindh. 147 & 148; Pl. Wright. 2.18; Hall’s

Pl. Tex. 3. Walp. Ann. 2. 88. Torrey, Mex. Bound. 38.
V. angustifolia. Scheele, Linn. 21, 584; Rom. Texas, 436.

V. repanda. Nutt.; Torr. & Gray, Fl.1.101. Walp. Rep. 1. 141; Ann. 2. 38.
Dietr. 3. 639. Gray, Pl. Lindh. 148.

V. Shortii. Torrey, in Short’s Pl. Kentucky, 3d Suppl. 836. Torr. & Gray, FI.
1.102. Walp. Rep. 1.141. Dietr. 8.639. Gray, Pl. Lindh. 148; Manual, 73.

WAREA amplexifolia. Nutt. in Jour. Acad. Philad. 7. 83, t. 10. Torr.
& Gray, Fl. 1. 98. Dietr. 3. 717. Chapman, 28. Wood, Cl.-Book, 234; Bot.
& FI. 39.

Stanleya amplexifolia. Nutt. in Am. Jour. Sci. 1. 5. 297. DC. Prodr. 1. 200.
Spreng. Syst. 2. 909. Don, Mill. 1.214. Dietr. 3. 717.

W. cuneifolia. Nutt. in Jour. Acad. Philad. 7. 84. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 98.
Gray, Genera, 1. 156, t. 66. Chapman, 28. Wood, Cl.-Book, 234; Bot. & Fl. 39.
Cleome cuneifolia. Muhl. Cat. 64. Nutt. Genera, 2. 73. Elliott, 2. 150. DC.
Prodr. 1. 242. Schult. Syst. 7.45. Don, Mill. 1. 274. Dietr. 2. 1068.
Stanleya gracilis. DC. Syst. 2.512; Prodr. 1. 200. Spreng. Syst. 2. 909. Don,
Mill. 1. 214.

CAPPARIDACEA.

ATAMISQUEA emarginata. Miers, Trav. Chil. 2. 529; Trans. Linn. Soe.
21.1,t.1. Walp. Ann. 4. 224. Baill. Hist. Pl. 3. 154. Credited to California by
Benth. & Hook. (Gen. Pl. 1. 969); in Coulter’s collection, probably Chilian.

CAPPARIS cynophallophora. Linn. Spec. 504. See Griseb. Fl. W. Ind. 18.
— Chapman, 32.
C. Jamaicensis. Jacq. Stirp. Am. t. 101. See Griseb. Fl. W. Ind. 18. — Chap-
man, 382.

Colicodendron anceps. Shuttl. in Herb.

CLEOME integrifolia. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1.122. Walp. Rep. 1. 194. Torrey,
Nicol. Rep. 145; Frem. Rep. 87; Sitgr. Rep. 156; Emory’s Rep. 187 & 406; Pac.
R. Rep. 4. 67. Hook. Lond. Jour. Bot. 6. 72. Gray, Genera, 1. 176, t. 76; Pl.
Fendl. 11; Pac. R. Rep. 12. 41; Am. Jour. Sci. 2. 88. 404; Proc. Acad. Philad,
1863, 58. Porter, Hayd. Rep. 1870, 473; 1871, 479; Fl. Col. 10. Watson, King’s
Rep. 5. 32. Coulter, Hayd. Rep. 1872, 761.

C. serrulata. Pursh, 441. Poir. Suppl. 5.736. Nutt. Genera, 2. 78. James, Cat.
185. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1.121. Walp. Rep. 1. 194.

Cleome triphylla. James, Long’s Exped. 2. 339.

Peritoma serrulatum. DC. Prodr.. 1. 237. Torrey, Ann. Lye. N. Y. 2. 167.
Schult. Syst. 7.72. Don, Mill. 1. 271. Dietr. 2.1068. Nees, Pl. Wied, 4.

P. integrifolia. Nutt. in Jour. Acad. Philad. 7. 14.

C. lutea. Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am. 1. 70, t. 25. Hook. & Arn. Bot. Beechey, 325.
Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 122; Pac. R. Rep. 2.126. Lindl. Bot. Reg. 27, t.67. Walp.
Rep. 1.194. Torrey, Stansb. Rep. 884; Bot. Wilkes, 236. Durand, Fl. Utah, 159.
Cooper, Pac. R. Rep. 12. 51. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 8. 377.

Cleome. Polanisia.| CAPPARIDACE. heal

Peritome aurea. Nutt. in Jour. Acad. Philad. 7. 16.

C. aurea. Nutt.; Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1.122. Walp. Rep. 1.194. Hook. Lond.
Jour. Bot. 6. 72. Watson, King’s Rep. 5. 82. Porter, Hayd. Rep. 1871, 479; Coul-
ter, same, 1872, 761.

C. platycarpa. Torrey, Bot. Wilkes, 235, t. 2.
C. puncens, Willd. Chapman, 32. Wood, Bot. & Fl. 44. Young, Fl. Tex. 162.

C. Sonore. Gray, Pl. Wright. 2.16; Pl. Thurb. 300. Walp. Ann. 4. 223. Tor-
rey, Mex. Bound. 35.
C. sparsifolia. Watson, King’s Rep. 5. 82, t. 5.

Cc) ————- 2. Watson, I. ¢..5. 32.

CLEOMELLA angustifolia. Torrey, in Gray, Pl. Wright. 1.12 (Kew Jour.
Bot. 2. 255); Sitgr. Rep. 175; Mex. Bound. 85. Walp. Ann. 2. 57. Gray, Am.
Jour. Sci. 2. 33. 404, & Proc. Acad. Philad. 1863, 58, as C. tenuifolia. Watson,
King’s Rep. 5. 88. Porter, Fl. Col. 11.

C. Mexicana. Torrey, Ann. Lyc. N. Y. 2. 167, not DC. Hook. Icon. t. 28.
Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 121. Engelm. & Gray, Pl. Lindh. 8. Gray, Genera, 1. 174,
mo)

C. longipes. Torrey, in Gray, Pl. Wright. 1. 11 (Kew Jour. Bot. 2. 255); Mex.
Bound. 35. Gray, Pl. Wright. 2. 16; Pl. Thurb. 300; Proc. Am. Acad. 6. 621.
Walp. Ann. 2. 57. Anderson, Cat. 118. Watson, King’s Rep. 5. 33.

C. obtusifolia. Torrey, Frem. Rep. 311 (Bot. Zeit. 5. 40); Gray, Pl. Wright.
1. 11 (Kew Jour. Bot. 2. 254). Walp. Ann. 1. 59 & 2.57. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad.
7. 3829.

C. parviflora. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 6. 520. Anderson, Cat. 118. Watson,
King’s Rep. 5. 33.

C. plocasperma. Watson, King’s Rep. 5. 33.

CRISTATELLA erosa. Nutt. in Jour. Acad. Philad. 7. 86, t. 11. Torr. &
Gray, Fl. 1.123. Engelm. & Gray, Pl. Lindh. 8. Gray, Hall’s Pl. Tex. 3.
Cyrbasium erosum. Endl. Gen. Pl. 892. Walp. Rep. 1. 196.

C. Jamesii. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 124. Gray, Genera, 1. 178, t.'77; Pl. Fendl. 10.
Torrey, Pac. R. Rep. 4. 67; Mex. Bound. 85. Schnizl. Icon. t. 182, f. 4.

Cleome, n. sp. Torrey, Ann. Lyc. N. Y. 2. 168.

Cyrbasium Jamesii. Endl. Gen. Pl. 892. Walp. Rep. 1. 196.

GYNANDROPSIS pentaryytira DC. Beck, Bot. 34. Hook. Jour. | Bot.
1.192. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1.121. Gray, Genera, 1. 180, t.78. Chapman, 32.
Cleome pentaphylla, Linn. Barton, Bot. Appx. 81, t. 26. Pursh, 441. Nutt.
Genera, 2. 78. Elliott, 2. 150.
Cleome heptaphylla. . Audubon, Birds, t. 3'79, not Linn.

ISOMERIS arborea. Nutt.; Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 124. Grah. in Bot. Mag.
t. 3842. Benth. Bot. Sulph. 6. Torrey, Pac. R. Rep. 7. 8; Mex. Bound. 35, t. 4.
Gray, Ives’s Rep. 7; Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist. 7. 146.

OXYSTYLIS lutea. Torrey, Frem. Rep. 313 (Bot. Zeit. 5. 41). Gray, Pl.
Wright. 1.11. Walp. Ann. 1. 59.

POLANISIA graveolens. Raf.in Am. Jour. Sci. 1.1. 878; Jour. Phys. 1819, 98 ;
Med. Bot. 2.61, f. 74. DC. Prodr. 1.242. Torrey, Ann. Lye. N.Y. 2.167; FI.N. Y.
1.67; Nicol. Rep. 145; Emory’s Rep. 137 & 406; Marcy’s Rep. 280; Bot. Wilkes,
236. Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am. 1.71. Don, Mill. 1. 275. Beck, Bot. 84. Deless. Icon.
Sel. 3. 4, t.6. Darling. Fl. Cestr. 600. Spach, Hist. Veg. 6. 304. Torr. & Gray,

78 CAPPARIDACEA. [Polanisia. Helianthemum.

Fl. 1. 23 & 669. Gray, Struct. Bot. 391, f. 707-710; Manual, 76. Parry, Pl. Minn.
609. Brew. & Wats. Bot. Calif. 1. 61.

Cleome dodecandra. Michx. Fl. 2.52, not Linn. Pursh, 441. Nutt. Genera,
2.73. Barton, Fl. N. Am. 1. 83, t. 22. Bigel. Fl. Bost. 2 ed. 254.

C. viscosa. Spreng. Syst. 2. 125, in part.

C. graveolens. Schult. Syst. 7. 45.
P. tenuifolia. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1.123. Eat. & Wr. 865. Walp. Rep. 1. 196.
Chapman, 31. Wood, Bot. & Fl. 44.
P. trachysperma. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1.669. Walp.1l.c. Engelm. in Wisliz.
Rep. 9. Gray, Genera, 1. 182, t. 79; Pl. Lindh. 150; Pl. Fendl. 10; Pl. Wright.
1.11. Porter, Hayd. Rep. 1870, 473. Young, Fl. Texas, 163. Brew. & Wats. 1. c.

P. uniglandulosa. Torrey, Pac. R. Rep. 4. 67; Mex. Bound. 35. Watson, King’s
Rep. 5. 84. Porter, Fl. Col. 11.

P. uniglandulosa. DC. Prodr. 1. 242. Gray, Pl. Wright. 1. 10.
Cleome uniglandulosa. Cay. Icon. 4, t. 306.

WISLIZENIA Palmeri. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 8. 622. Brew. & Wats. l.c. 52.

W. refracta. Engelm. in Wisliz. Rep. 14. Gray, Pl. Wright. 1. 11, t. 2, & 2. 16.
Walp. Ann. 3. 823. Torrey, Pac. R. Rep. 7.8; Mex. Bound. 35. Baill. Hist. Pl.
3. 149. Brew. & Wats. l. c.

Cleomella Coulteri. Harv.; Gray, Pl. Wright. 1. 12 & 129.

RESEDACEAL.

OLIGOMBERIS subulata. Boiss. Fl. Or. 1. 435. Muell. in DC. Prodr. 162. 587,
with syn. Watson, Proc. Am. Acad. 11.109 & 113. Brew. & Wats. Bot. Calif. 1. 53.

Reseda subulata. Delile, Fl. Mgypt. 15.

O. glaucescens. Camb. in Jacquem. Voy. 4. 24, t. 25. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 669.
Gray, Pl. Wright. 2.16; Pl. Thurb. 305; Ives’ Rep. 7. Torrey, Pac. R. Rep.
5. 359; Mex. Bound. 35.

Resedella subulata. Webb & Berthol. Phyt. Canar. 1. 107, t. 11.

Ellimia ruderalis. Nutt.; Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1.125. Eat. & Wr. 231.

O. dispersa, var. Webbiana. J. Muell. Monogr. Resed. 215, t. 10, f. 128.

CISTACE.

HELIANTHEMUM arenicola. Chapman, 35. Wood, Bot. & FI. 48.
HH. Canadense, var. obtusum. Wood, Cl.-Book. 246.

H. Canadense. Michx. Fl. 1. 308. Pursh, 363. James, Long’s Exped. 2. 336.
Dunal, DC. Prodr. 1. 269. Elliott, 2. 4. Spreng. Syst. 2. 588. Sweet, Cistin.
t.21. Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am. 1. 72. Don, Mill. 1. 808. Beck, Bot. 85. Darling. Fl.
Cestr. 318. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1.151. Dietr. 3.249. Torrey, Fl. N. Y.1.77. Emer-
son, Mass. Trees, 517. Gray, Genera, 1. 204, t. 87; Struct. Bot. 393, f. 713-719;
Manual, 80; Hall’s Pl. Tex. 3. Parry, Pl. Minn. 609. Chapman, 36.

Lechea major. Linn. Ameen. 8. 11, excl. fig. Lam. Dict. 8. 467. Willd. Spec.
1. 495. Smith, Rees Cyc. n. 2. ,

Cistus Canadensis. Hill, Veg. Syst. 14,t.36,f£3. Walt. Fl. Car. 152. Lam.

Dict. 2. 23. Willd. Spec. 2. 1199. Ait. f. Hort. Kew. 8, 310. James, Long’s Ex-
ped. 1. 54. Bigel. Fl. Bost. 29,

Helianthemum. Hudsonia] CISTACEZ. M to

Hi. ramuliflorum. Michx. Ft. 1. 307. Persoon, 2. 77. Pursh, 863. Elliott, 2. 4.
Spreng. Syst. 2. 588. Don, Mill. 1. 803. Beck, Bot. 35.

Cistus ramuliflorum. Poir. Suppl. 2. 274.

H. rosmarinifolium. Pursh, 364. Dunal, DC. Prodr. 1. 269. Spreng. Syst.
2.588. Don, Mill. 1. 3808.

H. corymbosum, Pursh, 363.

Heteromeris Canadensis. Spach, Ann. Sci. Nat. 2. 6. 370; Hist. Veg. 6. 99.

3 Heteromeris Michauxii. Spach, Comp. Bot. Mag. 2. 291.

H. capitatum. Nutt.; Engelm. & Gray, Pl. Lindh. 4. Gray, Hall’s Pl. Tex. 3.

Heteromeris polifolia. Spach, Comp. Bot. Mag. 2. 291; Ann. Sci. Nat. 2. 6. 371;
Hist. Veg. 6. 101.

Felianthemum polifolium. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1.151. Walp. Rep. 1. 209. Young,
Fl. Texas, 165.
H. Carolinianum. Michx. Fl. 1.3807. Persoon, 2.77. Pursh, 364. Dunal, DC.
Prodr. 1. 269. Elliott, 2.5. Spreng. Syst. 2. 588. Sweet, Cistin. t. 99. Don,
Mill. 1. 308. Hook. Jour. Bot. 1. 192... Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1.152. Dietr. 3. 249.
Chapman, 35. Wood, Cl.-Book, 246; Bot. & Fl. 48. Gray, Hall’s Pl. Tex. 3.

Cistus Carolinianus. Walt. Fl. Car. 152. Vent. Hort. Cels, t.'74. Poir. Suppl.
2. 274.

Crocanthemum Carolinianum. Spach, Ann. Sci. Nat. 2. 6. 370; Hist. Veg.
GaSe
H. corymbosum. Michx. 1. 307. Persoon, 2. 76. Dunal, DC. Prodr. 1. 269.
Elliott, 2.5. Spreng. Syst. 2. 588. Don, Mill. 1. 303. Beck, Bot. 36. Torr. &
Gray, Fl. 1. 151. Dietr. 3. 249. Loud. Arbor. 1. 833. Chapman, 35. Gray,
Manual, 81.

Cistus corymbosus. Poir. Suppl. 2. 272.

Heteromeris cymosa. Spach, Comp. Bot. Mag. 2. 291; Ann. Sci. Nat. 2. 6. 371 ;
Hist. Veg. 6. 103.

H. scoparium. Nutt.; Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 152. Walp. Rep. 1. 209. Dietr.
8. 249. Benth. Pl. Hartw. 299. Lindl. in Jour. Hort. Soc. 5. 79 (Paxt. Fl. Gard.
1.14). Torrey, Mex. Bound. 36; Bot. Wilkes, 239. Gray, Ives’s Rep. 7; Proe-
Am. Acad. 6.521. Boland. Cat. 5.

Hele 2 Hook. & Arn. Bot. Beechey, 135.

Linum trisepalum. Kellogg, Proc. Calif. Acad. 8, 42, f. 10.

HUDSONIA ericoides. Linn. Mant. 74. “Berg. Act. Holm. 18, t. 2.”
“Svensk. Acad. 1778, t.1.” Lam. Dict. 3. 148; Ill. 2. 520, t. 401. Willd. Hort.
Berol. t.15. Kon. & Sims, Ann. Bot. 1. 566. Gaert. Fruct. t. 210. Persoon, 2. 6.
Ait. f. Hort. Kew. 3. 147. Pursh, 864. Smith, Rees Cyc. n.1. Lodd. Cab. t. 192.
Nutt. Genera, 2.4. Dunal, DC. Prodr. 1. 285. Spreng. Syst. 2. 452. Sweet, Cis-
tin. t. 36. Don, Mill. 1.815, £61. Beck, Bot. 37. Spach, Ann. Sci. Nat. 2. 6. 373;
Hist. Veg. 6.114. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 155. Dietr. 3. 25. Torrey, Fl. N. Y. 1. 80.
Loud. Arbor. 1. 354, f.76. Emerson, Mass. Trees, 519. Gray, Manual, 81.
Hi. Nuttallit. Don, Mill. 1. 315. Dietr. 3. 25. Loud. Arbor. 1. 354.

H. montana. Nutt. Genera, 2. 5. Dunal, DC. Prodr. 1. 285. Spreng. Syst.
2.452. Don, Mill. 1. 815. Spach, Ann. Sci. Nat. 2. 6. 373. Torr. & Gray, Fl.
1.155. Dietr. 3. 25. Chapman, 36. Wood, Cl.-Book, 246; Fl. & Bot. 48.

H. tomentosa. Nutt. Genera, 2.5. Spreng. Neue Entdeck. 2.131. Dunal, DC.
Prodr. 1. 285. Sweet, Cistin. t.57. Spreng. Syst. 2. 452. Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am.
1.73. Don, Mill. 1. 316. Beck, Bot. 87. Bigel. Fl. Bost. 2 ed. 218. Spach, Ann.
Sci. Nat. 2. 6. 373; Hist. Veg. 6. 114. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1.155. Dietr. 3. 25.

80 CISTACEZ. [Hudsonia. Lechea.

Torrey, Fl. N. Y. 1. 80, t. 9; Nicol. Rep. 146. Loud. Arbor. 1. 354, Emerson,
Mass. Trees, 519. Gray, Genera, 1. 208, t. 90; Manual, 81. Richards. Arct. Ex-
ped. 422. Matthew, Canad. Naturalist, 12. 159.

Hi. ericoides. Richards. Frankl. Journ. 11.
LECHEA Drummondii. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 154. Walp. Rep. 1. 213. En-
gelm. & Gray, Pl. Lindh. 4. Gray, Genera, 1. 206, t. 89; Hall’s Pl. Tex. 3. Baill.
Hist. Pl. 4. 327. Young, Fl. Texas, 165.

Lechidium Drummondii. Spach, Comp. Bot. Mag. 2. 287; Ann. Sci. Nat. 2. 6. 3872;
Hist. Veg. 6. 112.

Linum San-Sabeanum. Buckley, Proc. Acad. Philad. 1861, 450, fide Gray, same, ,

1862, 162.

L. major. Michx. Fl. 1. 76, not Linn. Persoon, 1.112. Ait. f. Hort. Kew. 1. 185.
Poir. Dict. 3. 840. Pursh, 90. Muhl. Cat. 15. Bigel. Fl. Bost. 47. Rom. & Schult.
Syst. 2.860. Torrey, Fl. U.S.1.160; Fl.N. Y.1.78. Beck, Am. Jour. Sci. 1. 10. 262.
Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 153. Emerson, Mass. Trees, 518. Chapman, 36. Lesqx. Fl.
Ark. 350. Gray, Manual, 81.

L. minor. Linn. Amen. 3.10. Lam. Dict. 3. 468. Willd. Spec. 1.4952 Per-
soon, 1.112? Ait. f. Hort. Kew. 1.185% Smith, Rees Cyc. n. 1.

L. villosa. Elliott, 1. 184. Dunal, DC. Prodr. 1. 285. Spreng. Syst. 1. 363.
Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am. 1. 72; Jour. Bot. 1. 192. Don, Mill. 1. 816. Beck, Bot. 36.
Darling. Fi. Cestr. 96. Spach, Ann. Sci. Nat. 2. 6. 372, t. 17, f. 10, 11; Hist. Veg.
6.109. Dietr. 1. 415.

ZL. mucronata. Raf. Jour. Bot. 4. 269. Rom. & Schult. Syst. 2, Mant. 467.

2. Drummondii. Spach, Comp. Bot. Mag. 2. 284; Ann. Sci. Nat. 2. 6. 372;
Hist. Veg. 6. 110.

L. minor. Walt. Fl. Car. 832 lam. Dll. 1. 221, t.52,f1° Pursh, 91. Bigel.
Fl. Bost. 48. Rom. & Schult. Syst. 2. 859 & Mant. 467. Dunal, DC. Prodr. 1. 285.
Torrey, Fl. U.S. 160; Fl. N. Y. 1. 79. Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am. 1. 78. Don, Mill.
1.316. Beck, Bot. 36. Spach, Ann. Sci. Nat. 2. 6.372. Darling. Fl. Cestr. 97.
Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 158, excl. vars.; Pac. R. Rep. 2. 160. Dietr. 1. 416. Emerson,
Mass. Trees, 518. Gray, Pl. Fendl. 11; Manual, 82, in part. Chapman, 36.

L. Nove-Cesaree. C.F. Austin; Gray, Manual, 81. Wood, Bot. & FI. 47.
2 L. thymifolia. Michx. Fl. 1.77. Persoon, 1.112. Poir. Suppl. 3. 340.
2 I. minor. Hook. Jour. Bot. 1. 192.

L. racemulcsa. Lam. Ill. 2. 423, t. 281, f.3. Michx. Fl. 1.77. Persoon, 1. 112.
Poir. Suppl. 8. 840. Pursh, 91. Smith, Rees Cyc. n. 8. Rom. & Schult. Syst.
2. 860. Elliott, 1.184. Dunal, DC. Prodr. 1. 285. Torrey, Fl. U.S. 161. Spreng.
Syst. 1. 863. Don, Mill. 1. 316. Beck, Bot. 86. Usually made a form of LZ. minor.

L. thesioides. Spach, Comp. Bot. Mag. 2. 285; Ann. Sci. Nat. 2. 6. 372; Hist.
Veg. 6. 111.

L. minor, var. B. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 154.
L. tenuifolia. Michx. Fl. 1. 77. Persoon, 1. 112. Poir. Suppl. 3. 341. Pursh,
91. Smith, Rees Cyc. n. 5. Rom. & Schult. Syst. 2. 861 & Mant. 467. Elliott,
1.185. Dunal, DC. Prodr. 1. 286. Spreng. Syst. 2. 868. Don, Mill. 1.316. Dietr.
1. 416. Usually made a form of LZ. minor,

LL. minor, var. y. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 154.

L. minor. Gray, Hall’s Pl. Tex. 3.
L. thymifolia. Pursh, 91, not Michx. Smith, Rees Cye.n.4. Rom. & Schult.
Syst. 2. 859. Elliott, 1.185. Torrey, Fl. U. S. 161; Fl. N. Y. 1.79. Spreng. Syst.
2. 363. Don, Mill. 1.816. Beck, Bot.36. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1.158. Dietr, 1. 416,

— eo a

Lechea. Viola.] VIOLACE. 81

Emerson, Mass. Trees, 518. Gray, Genera, 1. 206, t. 88; Manual, 81. Matthew,
Pl. Acadia, 21.
L. Torreyi. W. H. Leggett, ined.

L. racemulosa. Hook. Jour. Bot. 1. 198.

VIOLACEAL.

IONIDIUM concolor. Benth. & Hook. Genera, 1. 118.

Viola concolor. YForst. in Linn. Trans. 6. 808, t. 28. Poir. Dict. 8. 643. Ait. f.
Hort. Kew. 2. 48. Pursh, 175. Nutt. Genera, 1. 151. Barton, Comp. FI. Phil.
1.125. Rom. & Schult. Syst. 5.877. Elliott, 1. 308. Schwein. in Am. Jour. Sci.
1.5.79. Torrey, Fl. U. S. 258.

Solea stricta. Spreng. Pl. Min. Cog. 1. 22.

Tonidium Sprengelianum. Rom. & Schult. Syst. 5. 401.

Solea concolor. Ging. in DC. Prodr. 1. 306. Torrey, Ann. Lyc. N. Y. 2. 168 ;
Fl. N. Y. 1.76. Don, Mill. 1: 335. Beck, Bot. ‘42. Torr. & Gray, El. 1. 144.
Gray, Genera, 1. 188, t. 81; Manual, 77. Chapman, 34. Lesqx. Fl. Ark. 349.

Noisettia acuminata. DC. Prodr. 1. 290. Don, Mill. 1.519. Torr. & Gray, FI.
1. 136 & 671.

Hybanthus concolor. Baill. Hist. Pl. 4. 852.

I. fruticulosum. Benth. Bot. Sulph. 7,t.2. Walp. Rep. 5.60. Gray, Proc. Am.
Acad. 5. 154 (var. dentatum). — (Lower California.)

I. lineare. Torrey, Ann. Lyc. N. Y. 2. 168; Mex. Bound. 36. Torr. & Gray, Fl.
1. 145. Walp. Rep. 1. 221; Ann. 4. 234. Gray, Genera, 1. 190, t. 82; Pl. Lindh.
151; Pl. Wright. 1. 12 & 2.16; Pl. Thurb. 300; Proc. Acad. Philad. 1863, 58; Hall’s
Pl. Tex. 3. Porter, Fl. Col. 11.
Var. -Gray, Pl. Lindh. 152; Pl. Wright. 1. 12.

I, stipulaceum. Nutt.; Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1.144. Walp. Rep. 1. 221.

1. riparium, var. Gray, Pl. Wright. 2. 16.
VIOLA Beckwithii. Torr. & Gray, Pac. R. Rep. 2. 119, t. 1 (Regensb. Flora,
1858, 622). Durand, Pl. Pratten, 82. Walp. Ann. 4. 232 & 7.210. Anderson, Cat.
118. Watson, King’s Rep. 5. 35.

V. montana. Kellogg, Proc. Calif. Acad. 1. 56.
V. biflora. Linn. Spec. 936. See syn. in Hook. Bot. Mag. under t. 2089;

Ledeb. Fl. Ross. 1. 254; Regel, Fl. Ost-Sib. 1. 253, including V. glabella. — DC.
Prodr. 1. 800. Don, Mill. 1.829. Gray, Am. Jour. Sci. 2. 33. 404; Proc. Acad.

Philad. 1863, 58. Hook. f. Arct. Pl. 286. Porter, F). Col. 11.

V. blanda. Willd. Hort. Berol. t. 24 (Schrad. Jour. Bot. 1807, 112). Ait. f.
Hort. Kew. 2. 45. Pursh, 172. Poir. Suppl. 4. 483. Nutt. Genera, 1.149. Rom.
& Schult. Syst. 5. 358. Elliott, 1. 298. Schwein. Mon. Viol. in Am. Jour. Sci.
1.5. 65. Reichenb. Icon. Bot. 1. 40, t. 51, f£. 104. Torrey, Fl. U. 8. 254; FI. N. Y.
1.72. Ging. in DC. Prodr. 1. 295. Bigel. Fl. Bost. 99. Spreng. Syst. 1. 798. Le
Conte, Ann. Lye. N. Y. 2. 144. Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am. 1. 76; Jour. Bot. 1. 193-
Don, Mill. 1. 828. Beck, Bot. 40. Darling. Fl. Cestr. 145. Torr. & Gray, FI.
1.138. Hook. & Am. Bot. Beechey, 122. Dietr. 1. 841. Ledeb. Fl. Ross. 1. 247.
Chapman, 33. Hook. f. Arct. Pl. 320, referring it to V. palustris. Rothr. Alask.
444. Regel, Fl. Ost-Sib. 1. 216 & 234, t. 6, £ 20-23. Gray, Manual, 77; Proc.
Am. Acad. 8. 377. Willis, Pl. N. Jer. 7. :

V. clandestina. Pursh, 173. Poir. Suppl. 4. 484. Rim. & Schult. Syst. 5. 358.

6

bo

8

Schwein. l. c. 65. Torrey, Fl. U. S. 254. Le Conte, 1. c. 146. Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am.
1.77. Don, Mill. 1. 824. Beck, Bot. 40.

V. obliqua. Pursh, 172, not Ait.

V.amena. Le Conte, |. c. 144.

V. Leconteana. Don, Mill. 1. 324. Walp. Rep. 1. 217.
V. Canadensis. Linn. Spec. 936. Hill, Veg. Syst. 22, t. 59, f. 4 Ait. Hort.
Kew. 8. 290. Willd. Spec. 1. 1166. Michx. Fl. 2. 150. Persoon, 1. 254. Poir.
Dict. 8.635. Pursh, 174. Nutt. Genera, 1. 150. Rom. & Schult. Syst. 5. 875.
Elliott, 1. 801. Schwein. 1. ce. 68. Richards. Frankl. Journ. 6. Reichenb. Icon.
Bot. 1. 45, t. 54, £113. Ging. in DC. Prodr. 1. 801. Bigel. Fl Bost. 103. Torrey,
Fl. U. S. 255; FL. N. ¥. 1. 75; Nicol. Rep. 145; Pac. R. Rep..4. 68. Spreng. Syst.
1.801. Le Conte, 1. c. 148. Sweet, Br. Fl. Gard. 2 ser. t. 62. Hook. Fl. Bor.-
Am. 1.80. Don, Mill. 1. 829. Bong. Sitch. 125. Beck, Bot. 40, Torr. & Gray,
Fl. 1. 148. Dietr. 1. 843. Nees, Pl. Wied, 4. Gray, Pl. Fendl. 11; Pac. R. Rep,
12. 41; Manual, 79. Parry, Pl. Minn. 609. Chapman, 34. Watson, King’s Rep.
5. 85. Coulter, Hayd. Rep. 1872, 761. Porter, Fl. Col. 11. Willis, Pl. N. Jer. 9.

V. albiflora. Link, Enum. Hort. Berol. 1. 141.

Lophion Canadense. Spach, Hist. Veg. 5. 517.

VIOLACE. [Viola.

V. canina. Linn. Spec. 935. See syn. in Ledeb. Fl. Ross. 1. 252; Babington,
Henf. Bot. Gaz. 2. 141; Koch, Fl. Germ. 3 ed. 73; Hook. f. Arct. Pl. 286 & 320;
Revel, Fl. Ost-Sib. 1. 244. — Walt. Fl. Car. 219. Schrank, Pfl. Lab. 12. Richards.
Frankl. Journ. 6. Ging. in DC. Prodr. 1. 298. Cham. & Schlecht. in Linn. 2. 146.
Meyer, Pl. Lab. 89. Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am. 1. 79. Schlecht. in Linn. 10. 102. Lange,
Pl. Gronl. 131. Boland. Cat. 5. Watson, King’s Rep. 5. 84. Porter, Hayd. Rep.
1871, 478; Fl. Col. 11. The American plant referable to the following varieties.

Var. sylvestris. Regel, Fl. Ost-Sib. 1. 245. Gray, Manual, 79. Coulter, Hayd.
Rep. 1872, 761.

V. asarifolia. Schreb.; Muhl. Ind. Fl. Lane. 178; Cat. 25.

V. debilis. Pursh, 174, not Michx. Nutt. Genera, 1. 150. Schwein. 1. c. 71.
Richards. Frankl. Journ. 6. Ging. in DC. Prodr. 1. 298. Lodd. Cab. t. 1378.
Wone Mill oie

V. uliginosa. Muhl. Cat. 25, not Schrad. Schwein. 1. c. 72.

V. Labradorica. Schrank, Pfl. Lab. 12. Rém. & Schult. Syst. 5. 880. Ging. in
DC. Prodr. 1. 306. Meyer, Pl. Lab. 89. Don, Mill. 1. 384.

V. punctata. Schwein. 1. c.48. Ging. in DC. Prodr. 1. 805.

V. conspersa. Reichenb. Icon. Bot. 1. 44, t. 52, f 108. Spreng. Syst. 1. 799.
Dietr. 1. 842.

V. Muwhlenbergii. Torrey, Fl. U. S. 1.256; Fl. N. Y. 1.78. Ging. in DC. Prodr.
1. 297. Le Conte, Ann. Lyc. N. Y. 2. 148. Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am. 1. 78; Lond.
Jour. Bot. 6. 73. Don, Mill. 1. 326. Beck, Bot. 40. Darling. Fl. Cestr. 146.
Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 140. Hook. & Arn. Bot. Beechey, 825. Walp. Rep. 1. 218.
Gray, Manual, 1 ed. 46; Am. Jour. Sci. 2. 33. 404. Chapman, 34. Liebm. Fl. Dan.
Suppl. t. 2710. Willis, Pl. N. Jer. 9.

? V. radicans. Ging. in DC. Prodr. 1. 297. Le Conte, 1. ¢. 158. Don, Mill.
1. 826. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 144.

Var. rupestris. Regel, Fl. Ost-Sib. 1. 250.

V. Muhlenbergii, vars. B & y. Heok. FI. Bor.-Am. 1. 78. Torr. & Gray, FI.
1. 140. Lange, Pl. Grénl. 131. Chapman, 34.

V. Allionit. Schlecht. in Linn. 10. 108.

Var. adunea. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 8. 377.
V. adunca, Smith, Rees Cyc. n.63. Hook. Fl.Bor.-Am. 1.79. Don, Mill. 1. 827.

Viola.| VIOLACEZ. 83

Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 141. Hook. & Arn. Bot. Beechey, 185. Torrey, Pac. R. Rep.
4. 68; Mex. Bound. 85; Bot. Wilkes, 238. Newberry, Pac. R. Rep. 6. 67. Cooper,
same, 12. 56.

V. debilis. Nutt. Jour. Acad. Philad. 7. 15, not Michx.

V. longipes. Nutt.; Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1.140. Walp. Rep. 1. 218. Benth. Pl.
Hartw. 298. Durand, Pl. Pratten. 82. Newberry, Pac. R. Rep. 6.67. Kellogg,
Proce. Calif. Acad. 1. 58.

V. Muhlenbergii, var. pubescens. Gray, Am. Jour. Sci. 2. 383. 404; Proc. Acad.

Philad. 1863, 58.
V. chrysantha. Hook. Icon. t. 49, not Schrad. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 143 & 671.
Hook. & Arn. Bot. Beechey, 325. Walp. Rep. 1. 218. Benth. Pl. Hartw. 298.
Torrey, Pac. R. Rep. 4. 68. Newberry, same, 6. 67. Kellogg, Proc. Calif. Acad.
2. 229, £72. Boland. Cat. 6.

V. Douglasii. Steud. Nomenclator, 2. 771.

V. cucullata. Ait. Hort. Kew. 3. 288. Willd. Spec. 1. 1162; Enum. 263. Per-
soon, 1. 254. Poir. Dict. 8. 627. Pursh, 173. Bot. Mag. t. 1795. Rom. &
Schult. Syst. 5. 855. Elliott, 1. 298. Schwein. |. c. 60. Ging. in DC. Prodr.
1,292. Bigel. Fl: Bost. 101. Torrey, Fl. U.S. 251; FIN. Y. 1.70; Nicol. Rep:
145; Emory’s Rep. 137 & 406; Pac. R. Rep. 4. 68; Mex. Bound. 36; Bot. Wilkes,
237. Spreng. Syst. 1.798. Le Conte, |]. c. 187. Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am. 1. 75; Jour.
Bot. 1. 193. Don, Mill. 1. 821; Sweet, Br. Fl. Gard. 2 ser. t. 298. Beck, Bot. 38.
Spach, Hist. Veg. 5. 508. Darling. Fl. Cestr. 143. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 137.
Dietr. 1. 841. Nees, Pl. Wied, 4. Gray, Pl. Fendl. 11; Pac. R. Rep. 12. 41; Man-
ual, 78. Parry, Pl. Minn. 609. Newberry, Pac. R. Rep. 6. 67. Chapman, 83.
Lesqx. Fl. Ark. 350. Anderson, Cat. 118. Watson, King’s Rep. 5. 84. Porter,
Hayd. Rep. 1871, 478; Fl. Col. 11. Willis, Pl. N. Jer. 7.

V. obliqua. Hill, Hort. Kew. 316, t. 12; Veg. Syst. 18. 68, t.16 & 22, t. 61.
Ait. Hort. Kew. 8. 288. Willd. Spec. 1.1161. Persoon, 1. 254. Poir. Dict. 8. 626.
Muhl. Cat. 25. Rom. & Schult. Syst. 5. 855. Schwein. 1. c. 60. Torrey, Fl. U. S.
251. Don, Mill. 1. 821.

V. papilionacea. Pursh, 178. Poir. Suppl. 4.484. Rom. & Schult. Syst. 5. 356.
Ging. in DC. Prodr. 1. 292. Spreng. Syst. 1.797. Don, Mill. 1. 321.

V. asarifolia. Pursh, 782, not Muhl. Poir. 1c. Rom. & Schult. Syst. 5. 358. ‘
Spreng. |. c. Schwein. 1. c. 53. Ging. 1. c. Le Conte, 1. c. 141. Don, l. c.
Dietr. 1. 840.

V. affinis & congener. Schwein. 1. c. 188 & 140. Don, Mill. 1. 321,

Var. cordata. Gray, Manual, 78.

V. cordata. Walt. Fl. Car. 219. Spreng. Syst. 1. 797. Reichenb. Icon. Bot.
1. 40, t. 45, f. 97. Don, Mill. 1. 324. WDietr.1. 841.

V. villosa. Walt.Fl. Car. 219. Nutt. Genera, 1. 148. Elliott, 1. 297. Schwein.
I.c. 61. Ging. in DC. Prodr. 1. 295. Torrey, Fl. U. S. 252. Spreng. Syst. 1. 798.
Le Conte, 1. c. 144. Don, Mill. 1. 324. Beck, Bot. 39. Torr. & Gray, FI. 1. 188.
Dietr. 1. 841. Nees, Pl. Wied, 4. Chapman, 38. Wood, Bot. & FI. 46.

V. sororia. Willd. Enum. 263; Hort. Berol. t. 72. Ait. f. Hort. Kew. 2. 44.
Pursh, 178 Poir. Suppl. 4. 483. Rim. & Schult. Syst. 5. 855. Spreng. Syst.
1.797. Reichenb. Icon. Bot. 1. 39, t. 43, £94. Le Conte, 1. c. 142. Don, Mill.
1.324. Darling. Fl. Cestr. 144. Dietr. 1. 841.

V. barbata. Muhl. Cat. 2

V. ciliata. Willd.; Rom. & Schult. Syst. 5. 360.

V. cordifolia. Schwein. 1. c. 62. Ging. in DC. Prodr. 1. 295.

84 VIOLACEZ. [ Viola.

Var. palmata. Gray, Manual, 78. :

V. palmata. Linn. Spec. 938. Hill, Veg. Syst. 22, t.58,f.1. Walt. Fl. Car.
218. Willd. Spec. 1.1159; Enum. 268. Bot. Mag. t. 535.. Michx. Fl. 2. 151.
Persoon, 1. 254. Poir. Dict. 8. 625. “ Tratt. Archiv. t. 302.” Pursh, 172. Nutt.
Genera, 1. 147. Rom. & Schult. Syst. 5. 350. Elliott, 1. 800. Schwein. 1. ec. 51.
Reichenb. Icon. Bot. 1. 37, t. 41, f. 86. James, Long’s Exped. 2. 388. Bigel. Fl.
Bost. 100. Ging. in DC. Prodr. 1.291. Torrey, Fl. U. S. 250; Ann. Lyc. N. Y.
2.168; Fl. N. Y. 1.69. Spreng. Syst. 1. 796. Le Conte, 1. c. 139. Hook. FI.
Bor.-Am. 1. 74; Jour. Bot. 1. 198. Don, Mill. 1. 821. Beck, Bot. 88. Spach,
Hist. Veg. 5. 507. Darling. Fl. Cestr. 142. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 187. Dietr.
1. 840. Gray, Manual, 1 ed. 45; Pac. R. Rep. 12. 41. Chapman, 88.

* ranunculifolia. Juss.; Poir. Dict. 8. 626. Rom. & Schult. Syst. 5. 352.
’, heterophylla. Muh. Cat. 25. Le Conte, 1. c. 189. Don, Mill. 1. 321.
’. triloba. Schwein. 1. ec. 57. Don, Mill. 1. 321.
”, septemloba. Le Conte, 1. c. 141. Don, Mill. 1. 820. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 187.
Walp. Rep. 1. 217.
V. edulis. Spach, Hist. Veg. 5. 508.

V. delphinifolia. Nutt.; Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1.1386. Walp. Rep. 1. 217. Torrey,
Nicol. Rep. 145. Parry, Pl. Minn. 609. Gray, Manual, 78. Porter, Fl. Col. 11.
2 V. pedatifida. Don, Mill. 1. 820. Walp. Rep. 1. 217.

V.gilabella. Nutt.; Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 142. Walp. Rep. 1. 218. Cooper,
Pac. R. Rep. 6. 56. Boland. Cat. 5. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 8. 377. Torrey, Bot.
Wilkes, 237.

V. Canadensis, var. Sitchensis. Bong. Sitch. 125. Ledeb. Fl. Ross. 1. 254.
Miquel, Ann. Mus. Lugd.-Bat. 2. 154.

V. striata. Hook. in Lond. Jour. Bot. 6. 72, not Ait.

V. biflora, var. Sitchensis. Regel, Fl. Ost-Sib. 1. 258. Rothr. Alask. 444.

V. Hallii. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 8.377. Brew. & Wats. 1. ¢. 57.
2 V. chrysantha, var. glaberrima. ‘Torrey, Bot. Wilkes, 238.

V. hastata. Michx. Fl. 2.149. Persoon, 1. 255. Poir. Dict. 8. 635. Pursh, 175.
Nutt. Genera, 1. 150. Rom. & Schult. Syst. 5. 371. Elliott, 1. 802. Schwein 1. e.
77. Ging. in DC. Prodr. 1. 300. Torrey, Fl. U. S. 257. Spreng. Syst. 1. 801.
" Le Conte, 1. c. 150. Don, Mill. 1. 329. Beck, Bot. 41. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 142.
Dietr. 1. 848. Chapman, 34. Lesqx. Fl. Ark. 350. Gray, Manual, 79.
V. tripartita. Elliott; Nutt. Genera, 1. 156. Elliott, 1. 802 (Spreng. Neue Ent-

deck. 2.193). Ging. in DC. Prodr. 1. 3800. Spreng. Syst. 1. 801. Don, Mill.

. 829. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 142. Dietr. 1. 844. Wood, Cl.-Book, 248; Fl. &
Bot. 46. ’
V. gibbosa. Raf.; Ging. in DC. Prodr. 1. 805. Don, Mill. 1. 334.

V. lanceolata. Linn. Spec. 934, excl. pl. Gmel. Hill, Veg. Syst. 22, t. 58, £ 4.
Willd. Spec. 1.1161. Forst. in Trans. Linn. Soc. 6. 310. Michx. Fl. 2. 150. Per-
soon, 1. 254. Poir. Dict. 8. 630. Pursh, 172. Lodd. Cab. t. 211. Nutt. Genera,
1.150. Rém. & Schult. Syst. 5. 854. Elliott, 1. 296. Schwein. 1. c. 64. Reichenb.
Icon. Bot. 1. 42, t. 52,f.106. Ging. in DC. Prodr. 1. 298. Bigel. Fl. Bost. 98.
Torrey, Fl. U. S. 258; Fl. N. Y. 1.72. Sweet, Br. Fl. Gard. t. 174. Spreng.
Syst. 1. 798. Le Conte, 1. c. 146. Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am. 1. 76. Don, Mill. 1. 322.
Beck, Bot. 89. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 139. Dietr. 1. 842. Chapman, 33. Gray,
Manual, 77; Hall’s Pl. Tex. 3. Willis, Pl. N. Jer. 7.
V. attenuatu. Sweet, Hort. Brit. 87. Don, Mill. 1. 822. Walp. Rep. 1. 217.

=—=— et

t

Viola.] VIOLACES. 85

V. Langsdorffii. Fisch.; Ging. in DC. Prodr. 1. 296; Linn. 1. 407. Spreng. Syst.
1. 800. - Hook. Fl. Bor-Am.1.77. Don, Mill. 1.325. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 139.
Dietr. 1. 843. Hat. & Wr. 477. lLedeb. FI. Ross. 1. 250. Rothr. Alask. 444.
Maxim. Bull. Acad. Petersb. 23. 829 (Mel. Biol. 9. 741).

V. mirabilis, var. Langsdorffii. Regel, Fl. Ost-Sib. 1. 240, t. 6, f. 24-29,
V. lobata. Benth. Pl. Hartw. 298. Walp. Ann. 2. 66. Durand, PI. Pratten. 82.
Torrey, Pac. R. Rep. 4.68; Mex. Bound. 35. Boland. Cat.6. Brew. & Wats.
Bot. Calif. 1. 57.

V. Sequoiensis. Kellogg, Proc. Calif. Acad. 2. 185, f. 55.

Var. integrifolia. Watson, Bot. Calif. 1. 57.

V. Nuttallii. Pursh, 174. Poir. Suppl. 4. 484. Nutt. Genera, 1. 151; Journ.
Acad. Philad. 7.16. Roem. & Schult. Syst. 5. 872. Schwein. l.c. 77. Ging. in
DC. Prodr. 1. 3800. Spreng. Syst. 1. 801. Le Conte, 1. ec. 151. Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am.
1. 79, t. 26; Lond. Journ. Bot. 6.73. Don, Mill. 1. 329. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 141.
Dietr. 1. 844. Eat. & Wr. 479. Torrey, Nicol. Rep. 146; Bot. Wilkes, 287. Coop-
er, Pac. R. Rep. 12. 56. Gray; Am. Journ. Sci. 2. 33. 404; Proc. Acad. Philad.
1865, 58; Proc. Am. Acad. 8. 377. Boland. Cat.5. Watson, King’s Rep. 5. 35.
Porter, Hayd. Rep. 1871, 478; Fl. Col/11. Coulter, Hayd. Rep, 1872, 761. Brew.
& Wats. 1. c. 57.

V. premorsa. Dougl.; Lindl. Bot. Reg. 15, t.1254. Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am. 1. 80.
Don, Mill. 1. 829. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1.141. Eat. & Wr. 478. Walp. Rep. 1. 218.

V. linguefolia. Nutt.; Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1.141. Eat. & Wr. 477. Walp. 1. ce.

V. pedunculata. Torrey, Stansb. Rep. 883. Durand, Fl. Utah, 160.
V. ocellata. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 142. Hook. & Arn. Bot. Beechey, 325. Walp.
Rep. 1. 218. Eat. & Wr. 479. Benth. Pl. Hartw. 298. Torrey, Pac. R. Rep. 4. 68.
Mex. Bound. 35. Newberry, Pac. R. Rep. 6.67. Gray, Proc. Calif. Acad. 3. 101.
Boland. Cat. 5. Brew. & Wats. 1. c. 56.

V. oporata, Linn. Gray, Manual, 77. Brew. & Wats. 1. c. 55.}

V. palustris. Linn. Spec. 934. See syn. in Ledeb. Fl. Ross. 1. 247; Regel, FI.
Ost-Sib. 1. 233; Hook. f. Arct. Pl. 286 & 320; Maxim. Bull. Acad. Petersb.
25. 325 (Mel. Biol. 9. 733), with var. epipsila.— Schrank, Pfl. Lab. 12. Ging. in
DC. Prodr. 1. 294. Meyer, Pl. Lab. 88. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 139. Bigel. Fl. Bost.
6 ed. 102. Hat. & Wr. 477. Lange, Pl. Groenl. 131. Durand, Fl. Utah, 159.
Hook. f. in Journ. Linn. Soe. 5.83. Gray, Am. Journ. Sci. 2. 35. 404; Manual, 78.
Watson, King’s Rep. 5.34. Porter, Fl. Col. 11. Macoun & Gibson, Trans. Bot.
Soc. Edinb. 12. 317. Brew. & Wats. l. ¢.

V. epipsila, Ledeb. Regel, Fl. Ost-Sib. 1.216 & 283, with syn. Gray, Am.
Journ. Sci. 2. 35. 404.
V. pedata. Linn. Spec. 983. Hill, Veg. Syst. 22, t. 58, f.2. Walt. Fl. Car. 219.
Bot. Mag. t. 89. Willd. Spec. 1.1160. Andr. Bot. Rep. 3, t. 153. Michx. Fl.
2.153. Persoon, 1. 254. Poir. Dict. 8. 625. Tratt. Archiv. t.365, 366. Pursh,
171. Bigel. Fl. Bost. 60. Nutt. Genera, 1.147. Barton, Comp. Fl. Phil. 1. 120.
Roem. & Schult. Syst. 5.351. Elliott, 1. 300. Lodd. Cab. t. 5386. Schwein, l. c.
50. Sweet, Br. Fl. Gard. t. 69 & 2 ser. t. 247. Ging. in DC. Prodr. 1.291. Tor-
rey, Fl. U. S. 249; Fl. N. Y. 1.69. Spreng. Syst. 1.796. Turpin, Dict. Sci. Nat.
58. 231, t. 188. Le Conte, l. c. 147. Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am. 1. 74; Journ. Bot. 1. 193.
Don, Mill. 1. 820. Beck, Bot. 38. Darling. Fl. Cestr. 142. Torr. & Gray, Fl.
1.136. Dietr. 1.840. Eat. & Wr. 477. Parry, Pl. Minn. 609. Chapman, 33.
Lesqx. Fl. Ark. 350. Lemaire, Ill. Hort. 14, t. 520. Moore, Fl. Mag. 1867, t. 350.
Gray, Manual, 78. Willis, Pl. N. Jer. 8.

86 VIOLACEZ. [Viola-

V. digitata. Pursh,171. Poir. Suppl. 4. 485. Roem. & Schult. Syst. 5. 351.
Don, Mill. 1. 520.

V. pinnata. Richards. Frankl. Journ. 6.

V. flabellifolia. Wodd. Cab. t. 777. Don, Mill. 1. 521.

Var. bicolor. Pursh; fide Raf. in DC. Prodr. 1. 291. Gray, Manual, 79. Wood,

Bot. & FI. 46.

V. pedata, var. atropurpurea. Ging. in DC. Prodr. 1.291. FI. Serres, 1. 131,
t. 1361.

V. pedata, var. Grah. in Edinb. Phil. Journ. Dec. 1855.
V. pedunculata. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1.141. Hook. & Arn. Bot. Beechey, 325.
Eat. & Wr. 479. Walp. Rep. 1.218. Benth. Pl. Hartw. 298. Torrey, Pac. R. |
Rep. 4. 68, in part, & 7.8; Mex. Bound. 35. Newberry, Pac. R. Rep. 6.67. Hook. .
Bot. Mag. t. 5004. Gray, Ives’ Rep. 7. Lemaire, Ill. Hort. 4, Mise. 88. Boland. |

Cat. 5. Brew. & Wats. Bot. Calif. 1. 56.
V. primuleefolia. Linn. Spec. 934. Hill, Veg. Syst. 22,t.58, £5. Walt. Fl.
Car. 219. Willd. Spec. 1. 1162. Persoon, 1. 254. Poir. Dict. 8. 630. Ait. f. Hort.
Kew. 2.45. Nutt. Genera, 1.149. Rom. & Schult. Syst. 5. 359. Elliott, 1. 297.
Schwein. 1. c. 64. Reichenb. Icon. Bot. 1. 39, t.45,f.96. Ging. in DC. Prodr.
1, 293. Torrey, Fl. U.S. 254; El N. Y.1.72. Spreng. Syst. 1. 798. Le Conte,
1. c. 145. Don, Mill. 1. 322. Beck, Bot. 89. Hook. Jour. Bot. 1. 193. Darling.
Fl. Cestr. 145. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 189. Chapman, 38. Gray, Manual, 77.
Willis, Pl. N. Jer. 7.

V. acuta. Bigel. Fl. Bost. 100. Torrey, Fl. U.S. 253. Spreng. Syst. 42. 96.
Don, Mill. 1. 822. Beck, Bot. 389. Dietr. 1. 842.
V. pubescens. Ait. Hort. Kew. 3. 290. Willd. Spec. 1.1166. Persoon, 1. 255.
Poir. Dict. 8. 637. Pursh, 174. Nutt. Genera, 1. 150. Rom. & Schult. Syst.
5. 876. Schwein. l. ec. 74. Reichenb. Icon. Bot. 1. 45 & 92, t. 53,111. Ging. in
DC. Prodr. 1. 801. Bigel. Fl. Bost. 103. Torrey, Fl. U. S. 257; Ann. Lye. N. Y.
2.168; Fl. N. Y. 1.74. Spreng. Syst. 1. 800. Le Conte, 1. c. 150. Sweet, Br. Fl. .
Gard. t.223. Lodd. Cab. t. 1249. Don, Mill. 1. 330. Beck, Bot. 41. Darling.
Fl. Cestr. 147. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 142. Dietr. 1. 848. Nees, Pl. Wied) 4.
Chapman, 34. Gray, Manual, 79. Willis, Pl. N. Jer. 9. Maxim. 1. c. 337 (753).

V. Pennsylvanica. Michx. Fl. 2. 149. Persoon, 1. 255. Poir. Dict. 8. 634. Don,
Mill. 1. 330.

V. uniflora, Linn., var. pubescens. Regel, Fl. Ost-Sib. 1..254.

5
Var. eriocarpa. Nutt. Genera, 1.150. Ker, Bot. Reg. 5,t.390. Torrey, FI.
U.S. 257. Hook. Fl. Bor-Am. 1. 80. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 142. Gray, Manual, 79.
V. eriocarpa. Schwein. 1. c. 75 & 8. 268. Ging. in DC. Prodr. 1. 301. Sweet,
Br. Fl. Gard. t. 102. Spreng. Syst. 1.800. Don, Mill. 1.330. Dietr. 1. 843.
Maxim. 1. c.

V.renifolia. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 8. 288. Macoun & Gibson, 1. ¢c. 516.

V. rostrata. Muhl. Cat. 26. Pursh, 174. Poir. Suppl. 4. 485. Rom. & Schult.
Syst. 5. 873. Nutt. Genera, 1. 150. Schwein. 1. c. 73. Ging. in DC. Prodr. 1. 298.
Torrey, Fl. U. S. 256; Fl. N. Y. 1.78. Spreng. Syst. 1. 801. Le Conte, 1. c. 148.

Reichenb. Icon. Bot. Exot. 2. 18, t.131. Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am. 1.78. Don, Mill.
- 827. Beck, Bot. 41. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 140. Bigel. Fl. Bost. 108. Dietr.
1.844. Gray, Manual, 79.

V. rotundifolia. Michx. Fl. 2.150. Persoon, 1. 254. Poir. Dict. 8. 627. Nutt.

Genera, 1. 149. Rém. & Schult. Syst. 5. 358., Elliott, 1. 298. Schwein. 1. ¢. 63.

Ging. in DC. Prodr. 1. 295. Bigel. Fl. Bost. 102. Torrey, Fl. U. S. 1. 252; FI.

Viola.] VIOLACEX. 87

N. Y. 1. 71. Spreng. Syst. 1. 798. Le Conte, 1.c.146. Reichenb. Icon. Bot.
Exot. 2. 9, t.124. Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am. 1. 77. Meyer, Pl. Lab. 89. Don, Mill.
1. 324. Beck, Bot. 89. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 188. Dietr. 1. 841. Chapman, 34.
Gray, Manual, 77.

V. sagittata. Ait. Hort. Kew. 8.287. Muhl. Ind. Fl. Lance. 178. Willd. Spec.
1. 1161. WPersoon, 1. 254. Poir. Dict. 1.629. Pursh, 172. Nutt. Genera, 1. 147:
Rom. & Schult. Syst. 5. 352. Elliott, 1. 299. Schwein. 1. c. 55. Reichenb. Icon.
Bot. 1. 38, t. 42, f. 88. Ging. in DC. Prodr. 1. 294. Bigel. Fl. Bost. 101. Torrey,
Fl. U. S. 1. 250; Fl. N. Y. 1. 71.. Spreng. Syst. 1. 797. Le Conte, 1. c. 148. Lodd.
Cab. t. 1471.. Don, Mill. 1. 328. Beck, Bot. 38. Darling. Fl. Cestr. 143.
Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 138. Dietr. 1. 840. Nees, Pl. Wied, 4. Gray, Genera, 1. 186,
t. 80; Struct. Bot. 392, £711, 712%; Manual, 78; Hall’s Pl. Tex. 3. Chapman,
33. Willis, Pl. N. Jer. 8.

V. sagittefolia. Salisb. Prodr. 180.

V. ciliata. Muhl. Cat. 25.

V. primulifolia. Pursh, 173, not Linn.

V. dentata. Pursh, 172. Poir. Suppl. 4. 485. Rom. & Schult. Syst. 5. 38
Lodd. Cab. t. 1485.

V. ovata. Nutt. Genera, 1. 148. Rom. & Schult. Syst. 5. 359. Schwein. I. c.
58. Ging. in DC. Prodr. 1. 298. Torrey, Fl. U. S. 251. Spreng. Syst. 1. 798.
Le Conte, 1. c. 143. Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am. 1. 76. Don, Mill. 1. 823. Beck, Bot. 39.
Darling. Fl. Cestr. 144. Bigel. Fl. Bost. 101. Dietr. 1. 841.

V. fimbriatula. Smith, Rees Cyc. n. 16.

V. Alleghaniensis. Rom. & Schult. Syst. 5. 560. Ging. in DC. Prodr. 1. 306.
Le Conte, I. ec. 158. Don, Mill. 1. 334.

V. emarginata. Le Conte, |. e. 142. Don, Mill. 1. 828.

V. sarmentosa. Dougl.; Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am. 1.80. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 148.
Walp. Rep. 1. 218. Benth. Pl. Hartw. 298. Torrey, Pac. R. Rep. 4. 68; Bot.
Wilkes, 237. Newberry, Pac. R. Rep. 6.67. Boland. Cat. 5. Gray, Proc. Am.
Acad. 8. 377.

V. rotundifolia ? Hook. Lond. Jour. Bot. 6. 73.

V. Selkirkii. Pursh; Goldie in Edinb. Phil. Jour. 6. 3824. Ging. in DC. Prodr.
leoUjseemOonte: Inica toss ook. Ely Bor-Am- lato.) Doni Mall i 334.
MormewuGray, bl. 1.137. Walp. Rep. 1. 217. Torrey, Fl. N. ¥. 1570. Gray,
Manual, 78.

V. Kamtschatica. Ging. in Linn. 1. 406, fide Gray in Mem. Am. Acad. 6. 382
& Manual, 78. Regel, Fl. Ost-Sib. 1. 227, t. 6, f£. 7-L5, with syn.
V.. Sheltoni. Torrey, Pac. R. Rep. 4. 67, t.2. Newberry, same, 6. 67.

V. striata. Ait. Hort. Kew. 3. 290. Muhl. Ind. Fl. Lane. 178. Willd. Spec.
1.1166. Persoon, 1. 255. Poir. Dict. 8.637. Pursh, 174. Nutt. Genera, 1. 150.
Rom. & Schult. Syst. 5.576. Elliott, 1. 801. Schwein. 1. c. 76. Reichenb. Icon.
Bot. 1. 45, t. 54,f,112. Ging. in DC. Prodr. 1. 297. Spreng. Syst. 1. 800. Le
Conte, 1. c. 149. Don, Mill. 1. 826. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 189. Dietr. 1. 843.
Torrey, Fl. N. Y. 1. 73, t. 8. .Chapman, 34. Gray, Manual, 79. Meehan, Am.
Naturalist, 7. 563.

V. debilis. Michx. Fl. 1. 150. Persoon, 1. 255. Poir. Dict. 8. 637. Rom. &
Schult. Syst. 5. 872. Le Conte, 1. c. 152. Bigel. Fl. Bost. 102.

V. ochroleuca. Schwein. 1. c. 69. Ging. in DC. Prodr. 1. 297. Torrey, FI. U. S.
255. Spreng. Syst. 1. 800. Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am. 1.77. Don, Mill, 1. 826. Beck,
Bot. 40. Darling. Fl. Cestr. 146. Dietr. 1. 848.

V. repens. Schwein. l. ec. 69.

co
Or
Oo

88

VIOLACEZ.

[Viola. Canella.

V. Lewisiana. Ging. in DC. Prodr. 1. 298. Spreng. Syst. 1.799. Don, Mill.

1. 826. Dietr. 1. 842.

V. rricotor, Linn. Hook. f. Avct. Pl. 286 & 3821. Gray, Manual, 80. Willis,

Pl. N. Jer. 9.

Var. arvensis. Ging. in DC. Prodr. 1. 303. Hook. Fl. 1.81. Torr. & Gray,

ml: 1/143) “Torrey, El. NaN. Leto;

Chapman, 34. Gray, Manual, 80.

V. bicolor. Pursh, 175. Poir. Suppl. 4. 485. Nutt. Genera, 1. 151. Rom. &
Schult. Syst. 5. 383. Schwein. 1. c. 78. Spreng. Syst. 1. 803. Don, Mill. 1. 382.

Hook. Jour. Bat. 1. 193. Dietr. 1. 845.

Considered distinct by Hook. f. (1. ¢.)

V. tenella. Muhl. Cat. 25. Schwein. 1.c. 78. Torrey, Fl. U.S. 1. 257; Ann.
Lye. N. Y. 2.168. Le Conte, 1. c. 151. Beck, Bot. 41.

V. acuta; primulefolia.
adunca ; canina. —
affinis ; cucullata.
albiflora ; Canadensis.
Alleghaniensis ; sagittata.
Allionii; canina.
amena; blanda.
asarifolia ; canina, cucullata.
attenuata ; lanceolata.
aurea; Nuttallii.
barbata ; cucullata.
bicolor ; tricolor.

biflora & Canadensis; glabella.

chrysantha ; Hallii.

ciliata ; cucullata, sagittata.
clandestina ; blanda.

concolor ; Tonidium concolor.
congener ; cucullata.
conspersa ; Canina.

cordata & cordifolia; cucullata.

debilis ; canina, striata.
dentata; sagittata.
digitata; pedata.
Douglas’; chrysantha.
edulis ; cucullata.
emarginata ; sagittata.
epipsila ; palustris.
eriocarpa ; pubescens.
Jimbriatula ; sagittata.
Jlabellifolia ; pedata.
gibbosa; hastata.
heterophylla; cucullata.
Kamtschatica ; Sellirkii.

V. Labradorica ; canina.

Langsdor ffii ; mirabilis.
Leconteana ; blanda.
Lewisiana ; striata.
linguefolia ; Nuttallii.
longipes & Muhlenbergii; canina.
obliqua ; blanda, cucullata.
ochroleuca ; striata.

ovata ; sagittata.

palmata & papilionacea ; cucullata.
pedatifida ; delphinifolia.
pedunculata ; Nuttallii.
Pennsylvanica ; pubescens.
pinnata ; pedata.

premorsa ; Nuttallii.
primulifolia ; sagittata.
punctata ; canina.
purpurea ; aurea.
radicans ; canina.
ranunculifolia ; cucullata.
repens ; striata.
rotundifolia ; sarmentosa.
sagitteefolia ; sagittata.
septemloba & sororia ; cucullata.
Sequoiensis ; lobata.

striata ; glabella.

tenella ; tricolor.

triloba ; cucullata.
tripartita ; hastata.
uliginosa ; canina.

uniflora ; pubescens.
villosa ; cucullata.

CANELLACE.

CANELLA alba. Murray, Linn. Syst. 4. 443. See Miers, Contrib. Bot. 1. 116;

Griseb. Fl. W. Ind. 109, — Chapman, 43.

Amoreuxzia. Polygala.] POLYGALACE. 89

BIXINEZ.

AMOREUXIA malveefolia. Gray, Pl. Wright. 1. 29.— (Northern Mexico.)

A. Schiedeana. Planch. in Lond. Jour. Bot. 6. 140 & 306, t= 1. Gray, Pl.
Wright. 2. 26, t.12,f. A; Pl. Thurb. 805. Torrey, Mex. Bound. 44.

2 A. palmatifida. DC. Prodr. 2. 638.

Euryanthe Schiedeana. Cham. & Schlecht. in Linn. 5. 225.
A. Wrightii. Gray, Pl. Wright. 2. 26; Proc. Am. Acad. 5.176. Torrey, Mex.
Bound. 44.

A. Schiedeana. Gray, Pl. Wright. 1. 29, t. 3, f. B, excl. syn.

FLACOURTIA racemosa. Presl, Rel. Haenk. 2. 98. Walp. Rep. 1. 205. At-
tributed to California, but without doubt erroneously.

POLYGALACE.

KRAMERIA canescens. Gray, Pl. Wright. 1. 42 & 2. 32, not Willd. (Rém. &
Schult. Syst. 3, Mant. 803; Berg, Bot. Zeit. 14. 766). Torrey, Pac. R. Rep. 7. 9;
Mex. Bound. 49, t. 13. Walp. Ann. 4. 240.

K. lanceolata. Torrey, Ann. Lyc. N. Y. 2. 168. Don, Mill. 1. 871. Torr. &
Gray, Fl. 1. 184 & 671; Pac. R. Rep. 2.162. Eat. & Wr. 291. Dietr. Syn. 3. 627.
Engelm. Wisliz. Rep. 4. Engelm. & Gray, Pl. Lindh. 4. Gray, same, 151; Genera,
2. 228, t.185,186; Pl. Wright. 1. 43 & 2. 32; Pl. Thurb. 300; Hall’s Pl. Tex. 5.
Scheele, Rim. Texas, 485. Torrey, Marcy’s Rep. 283; Pac. R. Rep. 4. 76 & 7.9;
Mex. Bound. 49. Chapman, 86. Schnizl. Icon. t. 233. Wood, Bot. & FI. 80.
Young, Fl. Texas, 211.

2? K. secundiflora. DC. Prodr. 1.341. Benth. Pl. Hartw. 345. Berg, Bot. Zeit.
14. 752 & 797.

? K. pauciflora. DC. Prodr. 1. 841. Gray, Pl. Wright. 1. 48. Berg, 1. ec. 751.

? K.ixina. Benth. Pl. Hartw. 13. Referred to K. pauciflora by Berg, 1. ec.

K. parvifolia. Benth. Bot. Sulph. 6, t 1. Walp. Rep. 5. 67. Torrey, Frem.
Rep. 312 (Bot. Zeit. 5.40); Mex. Bound. 49. Gray, Pl. Wright. 1. 41 & 2. 82.
Berg, Bot. Zeit. 14. 766. Watson, King’s Rep. 5. 416; Pl. Wheel. 6.

Var. ramosissima. Gray, Il. cc. Torrey, Mex. Bound. 4o.

MONNINA Wrightii. Gray, Pl. Wright. 2.31. Walp. Ann. 4. 239. Torrey,
Mex. Bound. 49.

POLYGALA alba. Nutt. Genera, 2.87. James, Cat. 186. DC. Prodr. 1. 330.
Torrey, Ann. Lyc. N. Y. 2.168; Nicol. Rep. 145; Frem. Rep. 87; Marcy’s Rep.
282; Mex. Bound. 48. Spreng. Syst. 3.168. Don, Mill. 1. 858. Torr. & Gray, Fl.
1.131; Pac. R. Rep. 2.126 & 162. Eat. & Wr. 866. Nees, Pl. Wied, 4. Engelm.
& Gray, Pl. Lindh. 83. Hook. Lond. Jour. Bot. 6. 72. Engelm. Wisliz. Rep. 4;
Pl. Upp. Miss. 188. Gray, Pl. Fendl. 80; Pl. Wright. 1. 88 & 2. 80; Pac. R. Rep.
12. 41; Ives’s Rep. 9. Chapman, 85. Wood, Bot. & Fl. 79. Young, Fl. Tex. 210.

P. Senega, var. tenuifolia. Pursh, 750.

P. bicolor. HBK. Nov. Gen. 5. 894, t. 507. DC. Prodr. 1. 827. Spreng. Syst.
3.168. Dietr. 4. 898. Seem. Bot. Herald, 269, including numerous species.

P. n.sp.? ‘Torrey, Ann. Lyc. N. Y. 2. 168.

P. Torreyi. Don, Mill. 1. 860.

90 POLYGALACE. [Polygala.

P. Beyrichii. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1.180. Eat. & Wr. 367. Walp. Rep. 1. 287.
Dietr. 4. 899.

P. scoparia. Benth. Pl. Hartw. 8, not HBK.

P. cparinoides. Hook. & Arn. Bot. Beechey, 277, fide Seemann, 1. c.

P. ambigua. Nutt. Genera, 2.89. Barton, Fl. Phil. 2.70. DC. Prodr. 1. 329.
Spreng. Syst. 8. 169. Torrey, Compend. 261; Fl. N. Y. 1.151. Don, Mill. 1. 357.
Beck, Bot. 45. Eat. & Wr. 866. Darling. Fl. Cestr. 402. Gray, Manual, 122.
P. Baldwinii. Nutt. Genera, 2.90. DC. Prodr. 1. 329. Elliott, 2.187. Spreng.
Syst. 8. 171. Don, Mill. 1. 858. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 128. Eat. & Wr. 366.
Dietr. 4. 898. Chapman, 838.
P. Boykinii. Nutt. in Jour. Acad. Philad. 7. 86. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 131 & 670.
Eat. & Wr. 3866. Walp. Rep. 1. 287. Chapman, 84. Wood, Cl.-Book, 296; Bot.
& FI. 80.

P. bicolor. Hook. Jour. Bot 1.194. ‘Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1.180. Eat. & Wr. 366.

P. brevifolia. Nutt. Genera, 2.89. DC. Prodr. 1. 328. Torrey, Compend. 260.
Spreng. Syst. 8.169. Don, Mill. 1. 855. Beck, Bot. 44. Chapman, 84. Gray,
Manual, 122.

P. cruciata. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 127, in part.

P. Chapmanii. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1.181. Eat. & Wr. 867. Walp. Rep. 1. 287.
Chapman, 88. Wood, Cl.-Book. 295; Bot. & FI. 79.

P. cruciata. Linn. Spec. 706. Hill, Veg. Syst. 22, t. 53, f. 4. Willd. Spec.
2. 897. Michx. Fl. 2.52. Poir. Dict. 5. 502. Ait. £. Hort. Kew. 4. 247. Nutt.
Genera, 2. 89. Elliott, 2.188. Bigel. Fl. Bost. 284. DC. Prodr. 1. 328. Torrey,
Compend. 261; Fl. N. Y. 1.150. Spreng. Syst. 3. 169. Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am. 1. 85.
Don, Mill. 1. 855. Beck, Bot. 44. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1.127 & 670. Eat. & Wr. 866.
Dietr. 4. 898. Gray, Genera, 2. 223, t. 183, f. 12,13 (seed) ; Manual, 121. Chap-
man, 84. Wood, Bot. & Fl. 80.
P. cuspidata. Hook. Jour. Bot. 1. 194, not DC.

P. cymosa. Walter, 179. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 128 & 670. Eat.-& Wr. 866.
Dietr. 4. 598. Gray, Pl. Wright. 1.41; Manual, 120. Walp. Ann. 4. 288. Chap-
man, 82. Wood, Cl.-Book, 296.

P. corymbosa. Michx. Fl. 2. 54, in part. Elliott, 2.187. DC. Prodr. 1. 329.
Spreng. Syst. 8.171. Don, Mill. 1. 858. Hook. Jour. Bot. 1. 195. Dietr. 4. 898.

P. graminifolia. Poir. Dict. 5. 500. DC. Prodr. 1. 829. Don, Mill. 1. 348.

P. attenuata, Nutt. Genera, 2.90. Spreng. Syst. 8. 171.

P. acutifolia. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1.128. Tat. & Wr. 366. Walp. Rep. 1. 287.
Dietr. 4. 898.
P. Curtissii. Gray, Manual, 121.

P. fastigiata. Nutt. Genera, 2.89. DC. Prodr. 1. 828. Torrey, Compend. 261.
Don, Mill. 1. 856. Beck, Bot. 44. Hook. Jour. Bot. 1. 194. Walp. Ann. 8. 8:
Chapman, 88. Lesqx. Fl. Ark. 355. Gray, Manual, 121.

P. sanguinea. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 126, excl. syn. Eat. & Wr. 366.

P. grandiflora. Walter, 179. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 182 & 670. Eat. & Wr. 367.
Gray, Pl. Wright. 1. 41. Chapman, 84. Wood, Cl.-Book, 294; Bot. & Fl. 79.

P. Senega, var. rosea. Michx. Fl. 2. 58. Pursh, 465.

P. pubescens. Muhl. Cat. 66. Nutt. Genera, 2. 87. Elliott, 2. 180. DC. Prodr.
1. 830. Spreng. Syst. 8.169. Don, Mill. 1. 860. Hook. Jour. Bot. r. 195.

P. Senega. St. Hil. & Moq. in Mem. Mus. 17, t. 27, £17 & t. 28, £10.

P. Muhlenbergit. Don, Mill. 1. 358.

tN
=
.

?

Polygala.| POLYGALACE. 91

P. hemipterocarpa. Gray, Pl. Wright. 2. 31. Walp. Ann. 4. 288. Torrey, Mex.
Bound. 49.

P. Hookeri. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1.671. Chapman, 84. Wood, Bot. & Fl. 80.
P. attenuata. Hook. Jour. Bot. 1. 195, not Nutt. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 188. Eat.
& Wr. 367. Walp. Rep. 1. 237. Dietr. 4. 899.

P. incarnata. Linn. Spec. 701, excl. Pluk. Ic. Hill, Veg. Syst. 22, t. 51, f. 1.
Willd. Spec. 8.871. Michx. Fl. 2. 52. Poir. Dict. 5. 490. Pursh, 464. James,
Long’s Exped. 1. 68. Elliott, 2. 185. DC. Prodr. 1. 327. Spreng. Syst. 3. 169.
Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am. 1. 84; Jour. Bot. 1. 194. Don, Mill. 1.855. Beck, Bot. 44.
Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1.129. Eat. & Wr. 395. Dietr. 4. 898. Engelm. & Gray, Pl.
Lindh. 8. Scheele, Rom. Texas, 436. Seem. Bot. Herald, 269. Parry, Pl. Minn.
610. Torrey, Marcy’s Rep. 283. Bertol. Bot. Misc. 15. 20. Chapman, 84. Gray,
Manual, 121; Hall’s Pl. Tex. 5.

P. leptocaulis. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1.180. Eat. & Wr. 866. Walp. Rep. 1. 287.
Dietr. 4. 898. Engelm. & Gray, Pl. Lindh. 8. Gray, Hall’s Pl. Tex. 5.

P. leptostachys. Shuttl.; Gray, Pl. Wright. 1.41. Chapman, 84. Wood, Bot.
& Fl. 80.

P. Lindheimeri. Gray, Pl. Lindh. 150; Pl. Wright. 1. 39 & 2. 30; Hall’s Pl. Tex.
5. Walp. Ann. 2. 80. Torrey, Pac. R. Rep. 4. 76; Mex. Bound. 48. :
P. lutea. Linn. Spec. 705. Hill, Veg. Syst. 22, t.52,f. 2. Willd. Spec. 2. 894.
Michx. Fl. 2. 54,in part. Poir. Dict. 5. 501. Ait. f. Hort. Kew. 4. 246. Nutt.
Genera, 2. 88. LElliott, 2. 185. DC. Prodr. 1. 828. Torrey, Compend. 260.
Spreng. Syst. 3.170. Don, Mill. 1. 856. Beck, Bot. 45. Hook Jour. Bot. 1. 194.
Torr. & Gray, Fl.1. 127. Eat. & Wr. 866. Dietr. 4. 898. Gray, Pl. Wright. 1. 41;
Manual, 120. Chapman, 83. Lesqx. Fi. Ark. 355.

P. Pseudo-senega. Bertol. Bot. Misc. 15. 21, t. 3, f. 2 (Bot. Zeit. 14. 784), fide
Gray in Am. Jour. Sci. 2. 24. 287.

P.macradenia. Gray, Pl. Wright. 1.39 & 2. 30. Torr. & Gray, Pac. R. Rep.
2.162. Walp. Ann. 4. 238. Torrey, Mex. Bound. 49.

P. nana. DC. Prodr. 1. 828. Don, Mill. 1. 856. Hook. Jour. Bot. 1. 194. Torr.
& Gray, Fl. 1.127. Dietr. 4. 808. Gray, Pl. Wright. 1.41. Chapman, 88. Wood,
Cl.-Book, 296; Bot. & Fl. 79.

P. lutea, var. nana. Michx. Fl. 2. 54.

P. viridescens. Walter, 178% Nutt. Genera, 2. 85; not Linn. Elliott, 2. 186.
Spreng. Syst. 5.170. Eat. & Wr. 366. 2
P. Nuttallii. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 670, excl. syn. Chapman, 83. Gray, Manual,
121. Buchan, Canad. Naturalist, 14. 293. Macoun & Gibson, Trans. Bot. Soc.
Edinb. 12. 320.

P. sanguinea. Nutt. Genera, 2.88. Barton, Comp. Fl. Phil. 2.70. Elliott,
2.184. Torrey, Compend. 260. Beck, Bot. 45.

P.ambigua. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 130; not Nutt. Dietr. 4. 898.

@ P. linifolia. Scheele, Linn. 17. 355. Walp. Rep. 5. 63.
P. ovalifolia. DC. Prodr. 1.331. Gray, Pl. Lindh. 151. Referred to P. Ameri-
cana, Mill., by Seemann, Bot. Herald, 270, with numerous other species.

P. Nutkana. Mog. & Sesse, Icon. Ined. t. 29. DC. Prodr. 1. 330. Spreng.
Syst. 3.170. Don, Mill. 1.560. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 133 & 671. Eat. & Wr. 366.

P. ovatifolia. Gray, Pl. Wright. 1. 39 & 2.30. Walp. Ann. 4. 237. Torrey,
Mex. Bound. 48.

92 POLYGALACES. [Polygala.

P. paniculata. Linn. Ameen. 5. 402. Swartz, Obs. 272, t. 6, f£. 2. Seem. Bot
Herald, 269. (21388 Berl.)

P. paucifolia. Willd. Spec. 3. 880. Pursh, 464. Poir. Suppl. 4. 476. ‘Nutt.
Genera, 2. 87. Barton, Fl. N. Am. 2. 59, t. 56. Richards. Frankl. Journ. 16.
Elliott, 2. 180. DC. Prodr. 1. 831. Bigel. Fl. Bost. 284. Torrey, Compend. 260;
Fl. N. Y. 1. 152. Spreng. Syst. 3. 166. Grah. in Edinb. Phil. Jour. 1828, 175.
Hook. Bot. Mag. t. 2852; Fl. Bor.-Am. 1. 86. Raf. Med. Bot. 1. 63, £.'75. Don,
Mill. 1. 361. Beck, Bot. 46. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1.1382. Eat. & Wr. 365. Dietr.
4. 899. Gray, Genera, 2. 224, t. 184; Struct. Bot. 411, f.789-795 ; Manual, 122.
Chapman, 84. Matthew, Fl. Acad. 16. Verlot, Pl. Alp. 230, t. 17.

P. uniflora. Michx. Fl. 2. 58. Poir. Dict. 5. 601. Pursh, 464. DC. Prodr.
1.331. Spreng. Syst. 3.171. Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am. 1. 87. Don, Mill. 1. 861. Beck,
Bot. 46.

P. purpurea. Ait. f. Hort. Kew. 4. 244.

Triclisperma grandiflora. Raf. Specch. 1. 117.

P. polygama. Walter, 179. Poir. Dict. 5.500. Nutt. Genera, 2. 75. Elliott,
2.181. DC. Prodr. 1. 880. Torrey, Compend. 260; Fl. N. Y. 1. 152. Hook. Fl.
Bor.-Am. 1. 86, t.29; Jour. Bot. 1. 195. Don, Mill. 1. 359. Beck, Bot. 45. Torr.
& Gray, Fl. 1. 1382. Eat. & Wr. 865. Dietr. 4. 899. Chapman, 84. Gray, Manual,
122); Hall’s Plt Mex. 5: ;

P. rubella. Willd. Spec. 8. 875. Pursh, 464. Poir. Suppl. 4. 475. DC. Prodr.
1. 830. Bigel. Fl. Bost. 282; Med. Bot. 3. 129, t. 54. Spreng. Syst. 3.168. Don,
Mill. 1. 858. Lindl. Fl. Med. 126.
P. puberula. Gray, Pl. Wright. 1. 40 & 2.30; Proc. Am. Acad. 5.154. Walp.
Ann. 4. 238. Torrey, Mex. Bound. 48. Referred to P. Americana by Seemann,
Bot. Herald, 270.

P. pubescens. Schlecht. in Linn. 14. 160.

P. ramosa. Elliott, 2.186. Beck, Bot. 46. Hook. Jour. Bot. 1. 195. Gray, Pl.
Wright. 1. 41; Manual, 120. Chapman, 82.

P. cymosa. Poir. Dict. 5. 500; not Walt.

P. corymbosa. Nutt. Genera, 2.89; not Michx. Torrey, Compend. 261. Torr. |
& Gray, EF]. 1.128. Eat. & Wr. 366.
P. Rugelii. Shuttleworth; Chapman, Coult. Bot. Gazette, 3. 4.

P. sanguinea. Linn. Spec. 705. Hill, Veg. Syst. 22, t.53,£.2. Willd. Spec.
2. 896. Michx. Fl. 2. 52. Poir. Dict. 5. 502. Ait. f. Hort. Kew. 4. 247. Pursh,
465. Barton, Fl. N. Am. 2, t.46. Bigel. Fl. Bost. 282. DC. Prodr. 1. 328. Don,
Mill. 1. 856. Torrey, Fl. N. Y. 1. 149. Dietr. 4. 898. Gray, Pl. Fendl. 30; Manual,
121. Chapman; 83.

P. purpurea. Nutt. Genera, 2. 88, not Ait. Barton, Fl. N. Am. 2. 33, t. 47.
Elliott, 2. 184. DC. Prodr. 1. 328. Torrey, Compend. 260. Spreng. Syst. 3. 170.
Don, Mill. 1. 856. Beck, Bot. 44. Darling. Fl. Cestr. 401. Torr. & Gray, Fl.
1.127. Eat. & Wr. 366. Dietr. 4. 898. Parry, Pl. Minn. 610.

P. viridescens. inn. Spec. 705, excl. syn. Gron. Hill, Veg. Syst. 22, t. 52,
f.3. Willd. Spec. 2. 895. Poir. Dict. 5. 502. Pursh, 465.

P. scoparia. HBK. Nov. Gen. 5. 399. DC. Prodr. 1. 329. Spreng. Syst. 8. 168.
Seem. Bot. Herald, 269.

P. spinescens. Gillies, in Hook. Bot. Misc. 8. 146, fide Seemann, I. e.

Var. multicaulis. Gray, Pl. Wright. 1. 88 & 2. 80. Torrey, Mex. Bound. 48.

Polygala. Frankenia.| FRANKENIACEZ. 93

P. Senega. Linn. Spec. 704. Hill, Veg. Syst. 22, t. 52,f.1. Ait. Hort. Kew.
3.6. Walter, 178. Willd. Spec. 2. 894. Michx. Fl. 2. 58, in part. Poir. Dict.
5. 499, in part. Nouv. Duham. 3.167. Sims, Bot. Mag. t.1051. Pursh, 465, in
part. Bigel. Med. Bot. 2. 97, t. 30; Fl. Bost. 288. Richards. Frankl. Journ. 16.
Elliott, 2. 182. DC. Prodr. 1. 8380. Spreng. Syst. 8.170. Torrey, Compend. 260;
Fl. N. Y. 1. 151; Nicol. Rep. 145. Lodd. Cab. t. 1380. Hook. FI. Bor.-Am. 1. 85.
Don, Mill. 1. 859. Woody. Med. Bot. 8. 452, t. 162. Beck, Bot. 45. Darling. Fl.
Cestr. 408. Lindl. Fl. Med. 125. Torr. & Gray, FI. 1. 181. Jat. & Wr. 366.
Gray, Genera, 2. 223, t. 183; Manual, 122. Parry, Pl. Minn. 610. Burnett,
Encye. Pl. t.180. Engelm. Pl. Upp. Miss. 188. Chapman, 84. Hook. f. Arct.
Pl. 288.

Senega officinalis. Spach, Hist. Veg. 7. 129.
P. setacea. Michx. Fl. 2.52. Poir. Dict. 5. 503. Elliott, 2.183. DC. Prodr.
1. 328. Spreng. Syst. 3.170. Don, Mill. 1. 856. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1.129. Eat.
& Wr. 366. Dietr. 4. 898. Chapman, 68. Wood, Cl.-Book, 295; Bot. & FI. 79.
P. subspinosa. Watson, Am. Naturalist, 7. 299.
P. verticillata. Linn. Spec. 706. Hill, Veg. Syst. 22, t. 53, f. 3. Willd. Spec.
2.897. Michx. Fl. 2. 58. Poir. Dict. 5. 503. Ait. f. Hort. Kew. 4. 247. Nutt.
Genera, 2. 88. Elliott, 2.182. Bigel. Fl. Bost. 284. DC. Prodr. 1. 329. Torrey,
Compend. 261; Fl. N. Y. 1.150; Nicol. Rep. 145. Spreng. Syst. 3.169. Hook. FI.
Bor.-Am. 1. 85; Jour. Bot. 1.195. Don, Mill. 1. 357. Beck, Bot. 45. Darling.
Fl. Cestr. 402.. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1.180. Eat. & Wr. 366. Dietr. 4. 898. Parry,
Pl. Minn. 610. Seem. Bot. Herald, 269 (including P. galioides, Poir., ambiqua, Nutt.,
& leptocaulis, Torr. & Gray). Engelm. Pl. Upp. Miss. 188. Chapman, 84. Gray,
Manual, 122; Hall’s Pl. Tex. 5. Porter, Fl. Col. 10.

P. Xanti. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 5. 153. (Lower California.)

P. acutifolia ; cymosa. P. lutea ; nana.
ambigua ; Nuttallii. Muhlenbergu ; grandiflora.
Americana; ovalifolia, puberula. ovatifolia ; ovalifolia.
aparinoides ; alba. Pseudo-senega ; lutea.
attenuata ; eymosa, Hookeri. pubescens ; grandiflora, puberula.
Beyrichii ; alba. purpurea ; paucifolia, sanguinea.
bicolor ; alba, Boykinii. rubella ; polygama.
cornuta ; Nutkana. sanguinea ; fastigiata, Nuttallii.
corymbosa ; Cymosa, ramosa. scoparia ; alba.
cruciata ; brevifolia. Senega; alba, grandiflora
cucullata ; Nutkana. spinescens ; scoparia.
cuspidata ; cruciata. Torrey! ; alba.
cymosa ; ramosa. uniflora ; paucifolia.
galioides ; verticillata. viridescens ; nana, sanguinea.
graminifolia ; eymosa. 2; alba.
linifolia ; Nuttallii.

FRANKENIACE.

FRANKENTA gegrandifolia. Cham. & Schlecht. in Linn. 1. 35. Schult, Syst.
7.70 & 1619. Don, Mill. 1.876. Presl, Rel. Haenk. 2. 8. Hook. & Arn. Bot.
Beechey, 185. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1.168. Eat. & Wr. 246. Dietr. 2.1070. Walp.

94 FRANKENIACE. [Frankenia. Arenaria.

Rep. 1. 259. Benth. Bot. Sulph. 7. Torrey, Pac. R. Rep. 4. 76; Mex. Bound.
36, t. 5; Bot. Wilkes, 240. Newberry, Pac. R. Rep. 6.70. Gray, Ives’s Rep. 7
Kellogg, Proc. Calif. Acad. 1.8. Boland. Cat. 8. Watson, Pl. Wheel. 6.

Velezia latifolia. Esch. in Mem. Acad. Petr. 10. 286 (Linn. Litt.-Ber. 1828, 149),
Dietr. 2. 924.

F. latifolia. Presi, Rel. Haenk. 2.8. Schult. Syst. 7. 1620. Dietr. 2. 1070.

F. Jamesii. Torrey; Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 8. 622. Porter, Fl. Col. 12.

‘
CARYOPHYLLACEA.

ALSINE; see under Arenaria. A. microsperma; Arenaria Pitcheri.
Drummondii ; Stellaria Nuttallii. nardifolia ; Arenaria capillaris.
glabra ; Arenaria Greenlandica. Nuttallii ; Stellaria Nuttallii.
macropetala; Stellaria macropetala. Rossii; Avenaria stricta.
media; Stellaria media. rubella ; Arenaria verna.
Mexicana; Arenaria verna. Walteri ; Stellaria uniflora.

ARENARIA aculeata. Watson, King’s Rep. 5. 40.

A. arctica. Stev.; DC. Prodr. 1. 404. See syn. in Fenzl, Ledeb. Fl. Ross. 1. 355
& Regel, Fl. Ost-Sib. 1. 838 & a (under Alsine); Hook. f. Arct. Pl. 287 & 322. —
Chain. & Schlecht. im Linn. 1. 54. Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am. 1. 100 (excl. var. y.), t. 34,
f. A. Meyer, Pl. Lab. 92. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 181, in part. Hook. & Arn. Bot.
Beechey, 122. Seem. Bot. Herald, 26. Rothr. Alask. 444.
A, laricifolia. Pursh, 319, not Linn. Cham. & Schlecht. 1c. Hook. Fl. Bor.-
Am. 1.98. Torr. & Gray, El. 1. 179, Bat. & Wr. 182° "4
Var. breviscapa. Regel, Fl. Ost-Sib. 1. 347.
A. arctica, var. 8. grandiflora. Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am. 1. 100, t. 34,f£B. Torr. &
Gray, Fl. 1. 181. Durand, Pl. Kane, 188.
Var. (?) ceespitosa.
A. laricifolia, var. cespitosa. Torrey, Bot. Wilkes, 244.
A.Benthamii. Fenzl; Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 675. Dietr. 2. 1562. Gray, PI.
Wright. 2. 18; Hall’s Pl. Tex. 5. Torrey, Mex. Bound. 36.
A. monticola. Buckl. Proc. Acad. Philad. 1861, 449; fide Gray, same, 1862, 161.
A. biflora, not Linn. For syn. see (under A/sine) Fenzl, Ledeb. Fl. Ross. 1. 855 ;
Regel, Fl. Ost-Sib. 1. 838 & 848. Referred to A. arctica by Hook. f. Arct. Pl. 822.
Alsine biflora, Wahl. Greville, Mem. Soc. Wern. 3. 429. Lange, PI. Gronl. 182.

Var. carnosula.

Alsine biflora, var. carnosula, Fenzl. Regel, Fl. Ost-Sib. 1. 849. Gray, Proc.
Acad. Philad. 18638, 59.

Arenaria alpina. Porter, Fl. Col 14. Rothr. Pl. Wheel. 35.

Var. obtusa.
. thymifolia. James, Cat. 181.
. obtusa. Torrey, Ann. Lye. N. Y. 2.170. Don, Mill. 1. 488. Eat. & Wr.
133. Dietr. 2. 1558.
. arctica, var. stenopetala. Wook. Fl. Bor.-Am. 1. 100.
. arctica, var. y. (obtusa). Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 181. Cray, Am. Jour. Sci.
2. 33. 405; Proc. Acad. Philad. 1863, 59. Watson, King’s Rep. 5. 41. Porter, Fl.
Col. 14. Rothr. Pl. Wheel. 35.

A. arctica. Porter, Hayd. Rep. 1870, 473; 1871, 479. Coulter, same, 762.

=

=

» k
— =

Arenaria] CARYOPHYLLACE. 95

A. brevifolia. Nutt.; Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1.180. Eat. & Wr. 184. Dietr. 2. 1561.
Wood, Bot. & FI. 56.
Alsine brevifolia. Chapman, 49. Wood, Cl.-Book, 260.
A. Californica. Brewer; Boland, Cat. 6.
A. brevifolia, var. (4) Californica. Gray, Proc. Calif. Acad. 3. 101.
A. capillaris. Poir. Dict. 6. 380. See syn. in Ledeb. Fl. Ross. 1. 867 (& 366,
under A. formosa & lychnidea) ; Regel, Fl. Ost-Sib. 1. 366.
Var. nardifolia. Regel, l. c. 372. m
A. nardifolia, Ledeb. Fl. Alt. 2. 166; Icon. Fl. Ross. t.6. Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am.
1.98, t. 32. Don, Mill. 1.482. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1.178 & 674. Hat. & Wr. 1383.
Dietr. 2.1557. Gray, Ives’s Rep. 7.
A. formosa. Hook. f. Arct. Pl. 287 & 322. Watson, King’s Rep. 5. 39; Pl.
Wheel. 6. Torrey, Bot. Wilkes, 248.
Alsine nardifolia. Anderson, Cat. 118.
A. ciliata. Linn. Spec. 425. See syn. in DC. Prodr?1. 411; Fenzl, Ledeb. FI.
Ross. 1. 370. — Hook. Trans. Linn. Soc. 14. 368. Torr. & Gray, Fl.1.182. Eat.
& Wr. 1338.. Hook. f. Arct. Pl. 287.
Var. humifusa. Hornem.; Lange, Pl. Groenl. 132.

A. congesta. Nutt.; Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1.178. Eat. & Wr. 182. Dietr. 2. 1558.
Torrey, Frem. Rep. 87; Bot. Wilkes, 248. Hook. in Lond. Journ. Bot. 6.74. An-
derson, Cat. 118. Porter, Hayd. Rep. 1870, 473; 1871, 479; Fl. Col. 18. Watson,
King’s Rep. 5.59. Coulter, Hayd. Rep. 1872, 762. Brew. & Wats. Bot. Calif.
ils

Brewerina suffrutescens. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 8. 620.
A. Douglasii. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 674. Durand, Pl. Pratten. 85. Boland. Cat.
6. Brew. & Wats. 1. c.

A. verna, var. 3. Hook. & Arn. Bot. Beechey, 825.

Alsine Douglasii. Fenzl; fide Torr. & Gray, l.c. Benth. Pl. Hartw. 299. Tor-
rey, Pac. R. Rep. 4. 69; Mex. Bound. 36.
_ Greniera Douglasii. Gay, Ann. Sci. Nat. 3. 4. 27.
A. fasciculata. Pursh, 319. Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am. 1.101. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 182.
Eat. & Wr. 182. To be excluded ; not American.

A. Fendleri. Gray, Pl. Fendl. 13; Ives’s Rep. 7; Am. Jour. Sci. 2. 33, 405; Proce.
Acad. Philad. 1868, 59. Walp. Ann. 2.94. Torr. & Gray, Pac. R. Rep. 2. 126.
Torrey, same, 4. 69. Porter, Hayd. Rep. 1870, 473; 1871, 479; Fl. Col. 18. Wat-
son, King’s Rep. 5. 40 & 417. Rothr. Pl. Wheel. 35.
Var. glabrescens. Watson, King’s Rep. 5. 40.
Var. diffusa. Porter, Fl. Col. 13.
A. Franklinii. Dougl.; Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am. 1. 101, t. 35. Don, Mill. 1. 436.
Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 178. Hook. & Arn. Bot. Beechey, 326. Eat. & Wr. 183.
Dietr. 2. 1560. Engelm. Pl. Upp. Miss. 133. Torrey, Bot. Wilkes, 244.
Var. minor. Hook. & Arn. 1. ce.
A. Hookeri. Nutt.; Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1.178. Eat. & Wr. 138. Dietr. 2. 1558.
Hook. in Lond. Jour. Bot. 6. 74.
A. glabra. Michx. Fl. 1. 274. Poir. Dict. 6. 870. Pursh, 318. DC. Prodr. 1. 407.
Spreng. Syst. 2. 399. Don, Mill. 1.486. Beck, Bot. 52. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 180.
Eat. & Wr. 182. Dietr. 2.1560. Gray, Manual, 91.
Alsine glabra. Fenzl, Ann. Wein. Mus., in part. Gray, Manual, 2 ed. 58.
Chapman, 49.

96 CARYOPHYLLACEA. [Arenaria.

A. Greenlandica. Spreng. Syst. 2.402. Meyer, Pl. Lab. 92. Torr. & Gray, FI.
1.180. Eat. & Wr. 183. ‘Torrey, Fl. N. Y. 1. 95,t.15. Durand, Pl. Kane, 188.
Lange, Pl. Grénl. 132. Hook. f. Arct. Pl. 287 & 822. Gray, Manual, 91.

Stellaria Grenlandica. Retz. Fl. Scand. 2 ed. 107. Willd. Spec. 2. 715. Vahl,
Act. Hafn. 42. 170; Fl. Dan. 7, t.1210. Poir. Dict. 7.421. DC. Prodr. 1. 398.
Don, Mill. 1. 480. Dietr. 2. 1555.

2 Stellaria Labradorica. Schrank, Pfl. Lab. 24. Meyer, Pl. Lab. 93.
Arenaria glabra. Torrey, Fl. U.S. 455, not Michx. Bigel. Fl. Bost. 196.
Alsine glabra. Fenzl, 1. c., in part.
Alsine Grenlandica. Gray, Manual, 2 ed. 58. Matthew, Pl. Acad. 8.
lanuginosa. Rohrb. in Mart. FI. Bras. fase. 56, 274, t. 63, & syn.; Linn.
. 260.

Spergulastrum lanuginosum. Michx. Fl. 1. 275. Poir. Dict. 7. 308. Don, Mill.
1. 448. Kunze, Linn. 20. 50.

Micropetalon lanuginosum. Persoon, 1. 509. Elliott, 1. 522. Spreng. Syst. 2. 416.
Dietr. 2. 1590.

A. alsinoides. Willd.; Schlecht. in Berl. Mag. 7. 201, not Raddi.

Stellaria elongata, Nutt. Genera, 1. 289. DC. Prodr. 1. 899. Spreng. Syst.
2. 393. Don, Mill. 1.481. Dietr. 2. 1556.

A. diffusa. Elliott, 1.519. Hook. Jour. Bot. 1.196. Gray, Pl. Wright. 2. 18;
Hall’s Pl. Tex. 5. Griseb. Fl. W. Ind. 55. Torrey, Pac. R. Rep. 4. 69; Mex.
Bound. 36. Chapman, 49. Wood, Cl.-Book, 259; Bot. & FI. 56.

A. nemorosa. HBK. Nov. Gen. 6. 28. DC. Prodr. 1. 408.

Stelluria lanuginosa. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 187 & 675. Gray, Pl. Fendl. 13.

A lateriflora. Linn. Spec. 423. See syn. (under Moehringia) in Ledeb. Fl. Ross.
1. 371; Regel, Fl. Ost-Sib. 1. 8376. — Pursh, 817. Goldie, Edinb. Phil. Jour. 6. 327.
Richards. Frankl. Journ. 10. DC. Prodr. 1. 412. Torrey, Fl. U. 8S. 454; Nicol.
Rep. 146. Bigel. Fl. Bost. 192. Spreng. Syst. 2. 395. Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am.
1. 102, t. 36. Don, Mill. 1.440. Bong. Sitch. 128. Beck, Bot. 53. Darling. Fl.
Cestr. 277. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 182 & 675. Eat. & Wr. 183. Dietr. 2. 1564.
Seem. Bot. Herald, 51. Hook. f. Arct. Pl. 287. Rothr. Fl. Alask. 444. Gray,
Manual, 91. Watson, King’s Rep. 5.41. Porter, Hayd. Rep. 1871, 479; Fl. Col.
14. Coulter, Hayd. Rep. 1872, 762. Rothr. Pl. Wheel. 35.

@ A. Pennsylvanica. Muhl. Ind. Fl. Lane. 169.

A. buxifolia. Poir. Dict. 6. 362. DC. Prodr. 1. 411. Spreng. Syst. 2. 396.
Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am. 1.101. Don, Mill. 1.489. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1.182. Eat. &
Wr. 138. Dietr. 2. 1568.

Stellaria biflora. Pursh, 317.

A. Haenkeana. Bartl.; Presl, Rel. Haenk. 2. 15.

Mochringia lateriflora. Fenzl, Ann. Mus. Wien. 1.18 & 88. Torrey, FI. N. Y.
1. 96; Bot. Wilkes, 246. Gray, Genera, 2. 36, t. 112; Pac. R. Rep. 12. 41; Struct.
Bot. 896, f. 724-726; Manual, 2 ed. 58; Proc. Acad. Philad. 1863, 59. Engelm.
Pl. Upp. Miss. 186. Cooper, Pac. R. Rep. 12. 56. Pl. Bourgeau, 255.
A.macrocarpa. Pursh, 318. Poir. Suppl. 5. 7. DC. Prodr. 1.405. Spreng. Syst.
2.399. Cham. & Schlecht. in Linn. 1. 55.. Hook. FI]. Bor.-Am. 1. 101. Don, Mill.
1.434. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 182 & 675. Eat. & Wr. 182. Dietr. 2. 1558. Hook.
f. Arct. Pl. 287. Rothr. Alask. 444.

Alsine macrocarpa. Fenzl, Ann. Mus. Wien. 1. 18; Ledeb. Fl. Ross. 1. 353.
Regel, Fl. Ost-Sib. 1. 854, t. 8, f£. 6-19, & syn. Walp. Ann. 7. 306.
A.macrophylla. Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am. 1. 102, t.37. Don, Mill. 1. 440. Torr. &
Gray, Fl. 1. 182. Eat. & Wr. 188. Dietr. 2.1564. Torrey, Pac. R. Rep. 4. 69.
Cooper, same, 12. 56. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 8. 378.

>

cS
~I

Arenaria.] CARYOPHYLLACE. Sl

Moehringia umbrosa. Gray, Pl. Fendl. 13; Pl. Wright. 2. 18, not Fenzl.
Moehringia macrophylla. Torrey, Bot. Wilkes, 246.

A. Michauxii. Hook. f. Arct. Pl. 287 & 322.

@ A. setacea. Muhl. Ind. Fl. Lane. 169.

A. stricta. Michx. Fl. 1. 274. Poir. Dict: 6: 376. Pursh, 319. Blliott, 1. 521.
Torrey, Fl. U. S. 455; Fl. N. ¥Y. 1. 95. DC. Prodr. 1. 403. Bigel. Fl. Bost. 191.
Spreng. Syst. 2. 404. Hook. FI. Bor.-Am. 1. 99, t. 33. Don, Mill. 1. 433. Beck,
Bot. 52. Darling. Fl. Cestr. 276. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 179. Eat. & Wr. 182.
Dietr. 2. 1558. Gray, Manual, 91; Hall’s Pl. Tex. 5.

Alsine Michauzii. Fenzl, Ann. Mus. Wien. 1.18. Engelm. Pl. Upp. Miss. 185.
Torrey, Pac. R. Rep. 4.69. Gray, Manual, 2 ed. 58. Chapman, 49. Regel, FI.
Ost-Sib. 1. 351, t. 8, f. 1-5. Walp. Ann. 7. 306.

A. palustris. Watson, Bot. Calif. 1. 70.

Alsine palustre. Kellogg, Proc. Calif. Acad. 3. 61.

A. patula. Michx. Fl. 1.273. Persoon, 1. 504. Poir. Dict. 6. 873. DC. Prodr.
1.405. Don; Mill.1. 435. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1.180. Eat..& Wr. 134. Dietr.
2.1559. Gray, Manual, 91.

Alsine patula. Gray, Manual, 2 ed. 58. Chapman, 49.

A. peploides. Linn. Spec. 423. See syn. (under Honkenya) in Ehrh. Beitr. 2. 181;
Fenzl, Ledeb. Fl. Ross. 1. 8358; Regel, Fl. Ost-Sib. 1. 885. — Pursh, 317. Richards.
Frankl. Journ. 10. Torrey, Fl. U. S. 453. Hook. Trans. Linn. Soc. 14. 868; Fl.
Bor.-Am. 1.102. Bigel. Fl. Bost. 192. DC. Prodr. 1.413. Spreng. Syst. 2. 396.
Meyer, Pl. Lab. 91. Beck, Bot. 58. Hook. & Arn. Bot. Beechey, 122. Eat. &
Wr. 183. Dietr. 2.1565. Gray, Manual, 92.

Honkenya peploides, Ehrh. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 176. Torrey, Fl. N. Y. 1. 93;
Bot. Wilkes, 244. Gray, Genera, 2. 82, t.110; Manual, 2 ed. 57. Seem. Bot.
Herald, 26. Hook. f. in Jour. Linn. Soc. 1.116 & 121; Arct. Pl. 288 & 322. Dickie,
Jour. Linn. Soc. 3. r10. Matthew, Pl. Acad. 21.

Adenarium peploides. Raf. in Desy. Jour. Bot. 1818, 259. DC. Prodr. 3. 366.

Halianthus peploides, Fries. Lange, Pl. Gronl. 132. *

Var oblongifolia.

A, peploides. Cham. & Schlecht. in Linn. 1. 37. Bong. Sitch. 128.

A. peploides, var. major. Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am. 1. 102.

Honkenya oblongifolia. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 176.

A, Sitchensis. Dietr. 2. 1565.

Honkenya peploides, var. oblongifolia. Fenzl, Ledeb. Fl. Ross. 1. 358. Cooper,
Pac. R. Rep. 12. 56. Regel, Fl. Ost-Sib. 1. 336, & syn.

A. physodes. DC. Prodr. 1. 413.

Stellaria ovalifolia. Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am. 1. 97. Hook. & Arn. Bot. Beechey,
122. Dietr. 2. 1556.

Merckia physodes. Fisch.; Cham. & Schlecht. in Linn. 1.59. Spreng. Syst.
4.124. Hook. FI. Bor.-Am. 1. 103. Don, Mill. 1. 441. Torr. & Gray, FI. 1. 176.
Eat. & Wr. 318. Dietr. 2. 999. Fenzl, Ledeb. Fl. Ross. 1. 359. Seem. Bot.
Herald, 26. Hook. f. Arct. Pl. 288. Regel, 1. c. 1. 424. Rothr. Alask. 444.

A. Pitcheri. Nutt.; Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1.180. Eat. & Wr. 134. Dietr. 2. 1559.
Engelm. & Gray, Pl. Lindh. 33. Wood, Bot. & FI. 56.

Alsine microsperma. Fenzl, Ann. Mus. Wien. 1. 18.

Alsine Pitcheri. Wood, Cl.-Book. 260.

A. Pumilio. R. Br. in Parry’s 2d Voy. Appx. 391: Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am. 1. 100.
Referred to A. arctica by Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 181.
7

98 CARYOPHYLLACEZ. [Arenaria.

A. pungens. Nutt.; Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 179, not Clem. Eat. & Wr. 133. Dietr.
2.1559. Anderson, Cat. 118. Watson, King’s Rep. 5. 40. Coulter, Hayd. Rep.
1872, 762.

2 A. juniperina. James, Cat. 182.
A.saxosa. Gray, Pl. Wright. 2.18. Walp. Ann. 4. 258.

A. sERPYLLIFOLIA, Linn. Michx. Fl. 1.274. Pursh, 317. Elliott, 1. 518. Tor-
rey, Fl. U. S. 454; Fl. N. Y.1.94. Bigel. Fl. Bost. 192. Hook. Jour. Bot. 1. 196.
Beck, Bot. 52. Darling. Fl. Cestr. 276. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 182. Eat. & Wr.
182. Chapman, 49. Hook. f. Arct. Pl. 287. Gray, Manual, 91.

A.squarrosa. Michx. Fl. 1. 273. Poir. Dict. 6. 872. Pursh, 316. Elliott, 1. 520.
Torrey, Fl. U. S. 454; Fl. N. Y. 1. 95, t.14. DC. Prodr. 1. 408. Spreng. Syst.
2.408. Don, Mill. 1.438. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 179. Hat. & Wr. 182. Dietr.
2.1558. Gray, Manual, 91.

A. Caroliniana. Walter, 141. Poir. Dict. 6. 378.

A. imbricata. Raf. in Desv. Jour. Bot. 1. 229. Poir. Suppl. 5. 8.

A. Rafinesquiana. Ser. in DC. Prodr. 1. 409. Don, Mill. 1. 487. Dietr. -
2. 1561.

Alsine squarrosa. Fenzl, Ann. Mus. Wien. 1.18. Gray, Genera, 2. 34, t. 111.
Chapman, 49.

A. stricta. See syn. (under Alsine) in Fenzl, Ledeb. Fl. Ross. 1. 357; Regel, Fl.
Ost-Sib. 1. 388 & 349.

Spergula stricta. Swartz, Act. Holm. (1799) 20. 229; Schrad. Jour. 2. 255.

A. uliginosa. Schleich; DC. Fl. Fr., & Prodr. 1.407. Hook. f. Arct. Pl. 287 & 322.
Gray, Proc. Phil. Acad. 1868, 58.

Alsine stricta, Wahl. Lange, Pl. Grénl. 132.

Arenaria Rossii. R. Br. in Frankl. Journ. 10, & Parry’s 1st Voy. 272 (Regensb.
Flora, 7! Beil. 81). Spreng. Syst. 4. 182. Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am. 1. 100. Don,
Mill. 1. 484. Torr. & Gray, Fl.1.181. Eat. & Wr. 182. MDietr. 2. 1559. Seem.
Bot. Herald, 54. Hook. f. Jour. Linn. Soe. 1. 116; Arct. PI. 287 & 3822. Dickie,
Jour. Linn. Soc. 3. 110. Pl. Bourgeau, 255. Porter, Hayd. Rep. 1870, 473; Fl. Col.
14. Rothr. Pl. Wheel. 35.

A. elegans. Cham. & Schlecht. in Linn. 1. 57. Spreng. Syst. 4. 181.

Alsine Rossii. Fenzl, Ann. Mus. Wien. 1. 18; Ledeb. Fl. Ross. 1. 856. Regel, FI.
Ost-Sib. 1. 838 & 353.
A.tenella. Nutt.; Torr. & Gray, Fl.1.179. Eat. & Wr. 133. Dietr. 2. 1559.
Cooper, Pac. R. Rep. 12. 56. Boland. Cat. 6. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 8. 378.

A. tenuifolia, var. Americana. Fenzl, Ann. Mus. Wien. 1. 18.

Alsine tenella. Torrey, Mex. Bound. 386; Bot. Wilkes, 248.

A.verna. Linn. Mant. 1. 72. See syn. in DC. Prodr. 1. 405; Fenzl, Ledeb.
Fl. Ross. 1. 847, & Regel, Fl. Ost-Sib. 1. 837, under Alsine; Hook. f. Arct. Pl.
287 & 822. — Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am. 1. 99. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 181. Porter,
Hayd. Rep. 1870, 473. Watson, King’s Rep. 5.41 & 417. Coulter, Hayd. Rep.
1872, 762.

A. juniperina. Pursh, 819, not Sm. Meyer, Pl. Lab. 92. Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am.
1.98. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 179 & 674. Eat. & Wr. 182.

Alsine Mexicana. FBartl. in Presl, Rel. Haenk. 2. 14.

Var. hirta. Watson, King’s Rep. 5. 41. Porter, Fl. Col. 14. - Rothr. Pl.
Wheel. 35. ; an
A. hirta. Wormsk.; Hornem. Fl. Dan. 10, t. 1646, excl. syn. DC. Prodr.

1. 405. Spreng. Syst. 2. 399. Cham. & Schlecht. in Linn. 1. 56. Hook. Fl. Bor.-

Arenaria. Cerastium.]| CARYOPHYLLACEA. 99

Am. 1. 99. Don, Mill. 1. 484. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 181. Hook. & Arn. Bot.
Beechey, 122. Eat. & Wr. 183. Seem. Bot. Herald, 26.

A. propinqua. Richards. Frankl. Journ. 10. Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am. 1. 99. Torr.
& Gray, Fl. 1.181. Eat. & Wr. 183. Dietr. 2. 1561. Pl. Bourgeau, 255.

Alsine verna, var. hirta. Fenzl, |. e.

Alsine rubella, var. hirta. Lange, Pl. Groenl. 132.

Alsine propinqua. Lange, Fl. Dan. t. 2903; Bull. Acad. Dan. 1877, 33 & 75.

Var. rubella. Hook. i. in Jour. Linn. Soe. 5. 82.

A. Giesekii. Hornem. FI. Dan. 9, t. 1518. DC. Prodr. 1. 409. Spreng. Syst.
2. 398. Don, Mill. 1.487. Dietr. 2. 1562.

A. quadrivalvis, KR. Br. in Parry’s Ist Voy. 271 (Regensb. Flora, 7}, Beil. 79).
Spreng. Syst. 4. 181.

A, rubella. Hook. in Parry’s 2d Voy. 891; Trans. Linn. Soe. 14, 868; Fl. Lond.
n. s., t. 200; El. Bor.-Am. 1. 100. Torr. &. Gray, Fl. 1. 181. Eat. & Wr. 188.
Dietr. 2. 1559. Seem. Bot. Herald, 55. Hook. f. in Jour. Linn. Soc. 1. 116. Dickie,
same, 3. 110 & Il. 33.

A, hirta, var. glabrata. Cham. & Schlecht. in Linn. 1. 56,

Alsine verna, var. glacialis. Fenzl, 1. ¢.

Alsine rubella, var. Giesekii. Lange, Pl. Gronl. 132.

Alsine verna, var. Gerardi. Regel, Fl. Ost-Sib. 1. 342.

e

. alpina & arctica ; biflora.
alsinoides ; Januginosa.
brevifolia ; Californica.
buxifolia ; lateriflora.
cespitosa ; Sagina nivalis.
calycantha ; Stellaria borealis.
Canadensis ; Lepigonum medium.
Caroliniana ; squarrosa.
diffusa ; lanuginosa.
elegans ; stricta.
formosa ; capillaris.

Giesekii ; verna.

glabra; Greenlandica, Stellaria uni-
flora.

Flaenkeana; lateriflora.

hirta ; verna.

Flookeri; Franklinii.

imbricata ; squarrosa.

Juniperina ; pungens, verna.

laricifolia ; arctica.

lateriflora ; Stellaria borealis.

A. marina ; Lepigonum medium.

monticola ; Benthamii.

nardifolia ; capillaris.

nemorosa ; lanuginosa.

obtusa ; biflora.

Pennsylvanica ; lateriflora.

propinqua ; verna.

Purshiana; Stellaria humifusa.

quadrivalvis ; verna.

Rafinesquiana ; squarrosa.

Rossii; stricta.

rubella; verna.

rubra ; Lepigonum rubrum.

setacea & stricta; Michauxii.

Sitchensis ; peploides.

tenuifolia ; tenella.

thymifolia ; biflora, Stellaria humi-
fusa.

uliginosa; stricta.

verna ; Douglasii.

CERASTIUM alpinum. Linn. Spec. 488. See syn. in Fenzl, Ledeb. Fl. Ross.
1. 409, and under C. vulgatum in part; Regel, Fl. Ost-Sib. 1. 433 & 434.—R. Br. in
Ross’s Voy. 142; Parry’s 1st Voy. 270 (Regensb. Flora, 7!, Beil. 77). Schrank,
Pfl. Lab. 25. Richards. Frankl. Journ. 18. Hook. in Parry’s 2d Voy. 890; Trans.
Linn. Soe. 14. 867; Fl. Bor.-Am. 1. 104. Meyer, Pl. Lab. 94. Schlecht. in Linn.
10. 103. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1.188. Eat. & Wr. 188. Seller, Ann. & Mag. Nat.
Hist. 1. 16. 169. Seem. Bot. Herald, 27 & 55. Durand, PI. Kane, 189. Lange,

100 CARYOPHYLLACES. [Cerastium.

Pl. Grénl. 132. Hook.f. Jour. Linn. Soc. 1. 116 & 121, & 5. 82; Arct. Pl. 288 & 328.
Pl. Bourgeau, 255 & 262. Dickie, Jour. Linn. Soc. 3. 110, & 11. 33.

C. lanatum, Lam. Persoon, 1. 521. Willd. Enum. 492.

C. latifolium. Greville, Mem. Soc. Wern. 3. 429, not DC.

C. vulgatum. Hook. f. Arct. Pl. 288, in part.

Var. Behringianum. Regel, Fl. Ost-Sib. 1. 485.

C. Behringianum. Cham. & Schlecht. in Linn. 1. 62. Spreng. Syst. 4. 183.
Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am. 1. 105. Don, Mill. 1.445. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 188. Eat. &
Wr. 189. Seem. Bot. Herald, 27.

C. vulgatum, var. Behringianum. Fenzl, Ledeb. Fl. Ross. 1. 409. Gray, Am.
Jour. Sci. 2. 33. 405; Proc. Acad. Philad. 1863, 59. othr. Alask. 444. Watson,
King’s Rep. 5. 88. Coulter, Hayd. Rep. 1872, 761. Porter, Fl. Col. 18.

Var. Fischerianum. ‘Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 188. Seem. Bot. Herald, 27. Du-
rand, Pl. Kane, 189. Regel, Fl. Ost-Sib. 1. 458.
C. rigidum. Ledeb. in Mem. Petr. 5. 588; Icon. Fl. Ross. t.149. DC. Prodr.
1. 420. Cham. & Schlecht. in Linn. 1. 62. Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am. 1. 105. Torr. &
Gray, Fl. 1.189. Eat. & Wr. 189. Dietr. 2. 1591. Fenzl, Ledeb. Fl. Ross. 1. 407.
C. Fischerianum. Ser. in DC. Prodr. 1. 419. Cham. & Schlecht. in Linn. 1. 60.
Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am. 1. 103. Don, Mill. 445. Seem. Bot. Herald, 51.
C. alpinum. Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am. 1. 104, in part. Bong. Sitch. 128. Lessing,
Linn. 9. 151. Hook. & Arn. Bot. Beechey, 122. ,
C. vulgatum, vars. grandiflorum & macrocarpum. Fenzl, Ledeb. Fl. Ross. 1. 409.
Rothr. Alask. 444. Reg. & Til. Fl. Ajan. 75.
Var. glabratum. Hook. in Parry’s 2d Voy. 390; Fl. Bor-Am. 1. 104. . Torr. &
Gray, Fl. 1.188. Seem. Bot. Herald, 55.

Var. (?) uniflorum. Durand. Pl Kane, 189.

C.arvense. Linn. Spec. 438. See syn. in DC. Prodr. 1. 419; Fenzl, Ledeb. FL.
Ross. 1. 412; Regel, Fl. Ost-Sib. 1. 427 & 444; Rohrb. in Linn. 37. 303. — Richards.
Frankl. Journ. to. Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am. 1. 104; Lond. Jour. Bot. 6.75. Bigel. Fl.
Bost. 196. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1.188. Eat. & Wr. 188. Torrey, Fl. N. Y. 1. 99;
Bot. Wilkes, 246. Engelm. Pl. Upp. Miss. 186. Gray, Pac. R. Rep. 12. 41; Am.
Jour. Sci. 2. 33. 405; Proc. Acad. Philad. 1868, 59; Manual, 94. Cooper, Pac. R.
Rep. 12. 57. Chapman, 50. Hook. f. Arct. Pl. 288 & 323. Pl. Bourgeau, 255 &
262. Porter, Hayd. Rep. 1870, 473; 1871, 479; Fl. Col. 13. Watson, King’s Rep.
5. 88 & 417. Coulter, Hayd. Rep. 1872, 762. Rothr. Pl. Wheel. 35.

2 C. hybridum. Muhl. Ind. Fl. Lane. 170.

C. Pennsylvanicum. Hornem. Hort. Hafn. 485. DC. Prodr. 1. 420. Spreng.
Syst. 2.418. Don, Mill. 1. 446.

C. elongatum. Pursh, 321. Poir. Suppl. 5. 601. Torrey, Fl. U. S. 460. DC.
Prodr. 1.417. Spreng. Syst. 2.417. Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am. 1.103. Don, Mill.
1. 444. Nutt. Jour. Acad. Phil. 7. 16.

C. tenuifolium. Pursh, 821. Poir. Suppl. 5. 601. Torrey, Bl. U.S. 460; SDC:
Prodr. 1. 417. Bigel. Fl. Bost. 196. Don, Mill..1. 444. Darling. Fl. Cestr. 277.

C. maximum. Linn. Spec. 439. See syn. in Fenzl, Ledeb. Fl. Ross. 1. 399; Regel,
Fl. Ost-Sib. 1. 428.— Seem. Bot. Herald, 51. Hook. f. Arct. Pl. 288.

C. nutans. Raf. Prec. Decouv. 36 & Desy. Jour. Bot. 4. 269. Poir. Suppl. 5. 601.
Torrey, Cat. Pl. N. Y. 44; Fl. U. S. 459; Fl. N. Y.1. 100. DC. Prodr. 1. 420:
Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am. 1. 189. Don, Mill. 1. 446. Darling. Fl. Cestr. 280. Torr. &
Gray, Fl. 1, 189 & 675. Eat. & Wr. 188. Dietr. 2. 1594. Gray, Pl. Fendl. 13;
Genera, 2. 40, t.114; Pac. R. Rep. 12. 41; Manual, 94. Parry, Pl. Minn. 609.

es

Cerastium.| CARYOPHYLLACE. 101

Engelm. Pl. Upp. Miss. 185. Chapman, 50. Watson, King’s Rep. 5. 88. Coulter,
Hayd. Rep. 1872, 761. Rohrb. in Linn. 87. 288.

C. longepedunculatum. Muhl. Cat. 47. Barton, Comp. FI. Philad. 1. 215.

C. glutinosum. Nutt. Genera, 1. 291.

C. tenellum. Fenzl, Ann. Mus. Wien. 1. 18.

oC

. apricum. Schlecht. in Linn. 12. 208.

C. oblongifolium. Anderson, Cat. Pl. Nev. 118.
C. oblongifolium. Torrey, Fl. U. 8.460; Fl. N. Y.1. 99. Darling. FI. Cestr. 33.
Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1.188. Eat. & Wr. 188. Dietr. 2.1594. Gray, Manual, 94.

C. villosum. Muhl. Cat. 46. Darling. Fl. Cestr. 2 ed. 279.

C. arvense. Pursh, 231% Richards. Frankl. Journ. 738.

2 C. bracteatum. Raf. Prec. Decouy. 36. Poir. Suppl. 5. 601. DC. Prodr.
1. 420. Don, Mill. 1.447. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 189. Eat. & Wr. 188.

C. 2n.sp. Torrey, Am. Jour. Sci. 4. 68.

C. pubescens. Goldie, Edinb. Phil. Jour. 4. 328. Richards. Frankl. Journ. 2 ed.
18. DC. Prodr. 1. 420. Don, Mill. 1. 447.

C. Pennsylvanicum. Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am. 1. 104.

C. pilosum. Ledeb. in Mem. Petr. 5. 539; Icon. Fl. Ross. t. 351. See syn. in
Fenzl, Ledeb. Fl. Ross. 1. 398; Regel, Fl. Ost-Sib. 1. 426 & 427.

C. stellarioides. Moc.; DC. Prodr. 1.415. Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am. 1. 108. Don,
Mill. 1. 442. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1.187. Eat. & Wr. 188. MDietr. 2. 1591.

C. oblongifolium. Torrey, Pac. R. Rep. 4. 70.
C. QUATERNELLUM, Fenzl. Gray, Manual, 94.

Sagina erecta, Linn. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1.177. Eat. & Wr. 405. Gray, Man-
ual, 1 ed. 64.

Moenchia quaternella, Ehrh. Wood, Bot. & Fl. 56.

C. trigynum, Vill. See syn. in Fenzl, Ledeb. Fl. Ross. 1. 396 ; Regel, Fl. Ost-Sib.
1. 425; Edgew. & Hook. f. Fl. Brit. Ind. 227.

Stellaria cerastioides, Linn. Hook. Trans. Linn. Soe. 14. 367. Torr. & Gray,
Fi. 1.184. Eat. & Wr. 443. Lange, Pl. Gronl. 132. Hook. f. in Jour. Linn. Soe.
5. 82; Arct. Pl. 288.

C. viscosum, Linn. Hook. f. Arct. Pl. 288. Pl. Bourgeau, 255. Rhorb. in Mart.
Fl. Bras. fase. 56. 279. United with C. vulgatum by Edgew. & Hook. f. in FI. Brit.
Ind. 1. 228.

C. vulgatum, Linn. Herb., not Spec. Pursh, 321. Elliott, 1. 524. DC. Prodr.
1.415. Torrey, Fl. U. S. 458; Fl. N. Y.1. 98. Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am. 1. 103; Jour.
Bot. 1. 196. Bigel. Fl. Bost. 195. Darling. Fl. Cestr. 88. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 187.
Eat. & Wr. 188. Gray, Pl. Wright. 2. 18; Manual, 93; Hall’s Pl. Tex. 5; Proc, .
Am. Acad. 8. 378. Chapman, 70.

C. hirsutum. Muhl. Cat. 46. Elliott, 1. 524. Torrey, Fl. U. S. 459. -

C. connatum. Beck, Bot. 55.

C glomeratum, Thuill. Hook. f. Fl. Brit. 55, suppressing the Linnean name.

Var. tenellum. Grenier, Regensb. Flora, 23!. 266.

C. semidecandrum, not Linn. Walter, 142. Pursh, 320. Muhl. Cat. 47. ‘Tor-
rey, Fl. U.S. 459. Bigel. Fl. Bost. 196. Lange, Pl. Gronl. 133.

C. viscosum, var. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 187.

C. vulgatum, var. (2) semidecandrum. Gray, Manual, 94.

C. vureatum, Linn. Schrank, Pfl. Lab. 25. Meyer, Pl. Lab. 94. Regel, Fl. Ost-
Sib. 1. 482, vars. & syn. Rohrb. in Mart. Fl. Bras. fasc. 56. 284. Hook. f. Arct.
Pl. 288 & 323, in part. Rothr. Alask. 444.

102 CARYOPHYLLACE®. — [Cerastium. Drymaria

C. viscosum, Linn. Herb., not Spec. Pursh, 320. Elliott, 1.524. Richards.
Frankl. Journ. 10. DC. Prodr. 1.416. Torrey, Fl. U. S. 458; Fl. N. Y. 1. 99.
Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am. 1. 103; Jour. Bot. 1.196. Bigel. Fl. Bost. 196. Darling. Fl.
Cestr. 88. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1.187. Eat. & Wr. 188.. Seem. Bot. Herald, 26.
Chapman, 50. Gray, Manual, 94. Rothr. in Pl. Wheel. 35. ;

C. fulvuum. Raf. Prec. Decouv. 36, & Desy. Jour. Bot. 2. 269. Poir. Suppl. 5. 601.
DC. Prodr. 1.417. Don, Mill. 1. 441. Dietr. 2. 1592.

2 C. velutinum. — Raf. in Desv. Jour. Bot. 1. 225. Poir. Suppl. 5. 601.

C. triviale, Link. Lange, Pl. Gronl. 132. Hook. f. Fl. Brit. 55, suppressing the
Linnean name.

C. apricum ; nutans. C. oblongifolium ; pilosum.
arvense ; oblongifolium. Pennsyleanicum ; aryense, oblongifo-
Behringianum ; alpinum. lium.
bracteatum ; oblongifolium. pubescens ; oblongifolium.*
connatum ; viscosum. rigidum ; alpinum.
elongatum ; arvense. semidecandrum; viscosum.
Fischerianum ; alpinum. stellarioides ; pilosum.
Julvum ; vulgatum. tenellum ; nutans.
glomeratum ; viscosum. tenuifolium ; arvense.
glutinosum ; nutans. triviale ; vulgatum.
hirsutum ; viscosum. velutinum & viscosum ; vulgatum.
hybridum ; arvense. villosum ; oblongifolium.
fanatum & latifolium ; alpinum. vulgatum ; alpinum, viscosum.

longepedunculatum ; nutans.

DIANTHUS alpinus. Linn. Spec. 412. See syn. in Regel, Fl. Ost-Sib. 1. 284;
Hook. f. Arct. Pi. 287 & 321.
Var. repens. Regel, 1. c. 286.

D. repens. Willd. Spee. 2. 681. DC. Prodr. 1. 858. Cham. & Schlecht. in Linn.
1.42. Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am. 1. 87. Don, Mill. 1. 398. Torr. & Gray, FI. 1. 195.
Hook. & Arn. Bot. Beechey, 122. Eat. & Wr. 2238. lLedeb. Fl. Ross. 1. 281.
Seem. Bot. Herald, 27, t.4. Rothr. Alask. 444.

D. Armenia, Linn. Pursh, 314. Torrey, Fl. U. 8.447. Bigel. Fl. Bost. 190. Torr.
& Gray, Fl. 1.195. Eat. & Wr. 223. Gray, Manual, 88.

2D. Caroliniana. Walter, 140, fide Spreng. Syst. 2. 875. Poir. in Lam. Dict.
4.517. Don, Mill. 1. 384. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1.195 & 676. Wat. «© Wr. 228:
Dietr. 2. 15438.

D. armerioides. Raf. in Desy. Jour. Bot. 2. 569.

D: PROLIFER, Linn. Wood, Bot. & Fl. 62.

DRYMARIA crassifolia. Benth. Bot. Sulph. 16. Walp. Rep. 5.76. Gray,
Pl. Wright. 2.18; Proc. Am. Acad. 5. 154.— (Northern Mexico.)

D. polycarpoides. Gray, Pl. Fendl. 12. Walp. Ann. 2. 91.
D. effusa. Gray, Pl. Wright. 2.19. Walp. Ann. 4. 246. Torrey, Mex. Bound. 37.
D. frankenioides. HBK. Nov. Gen. 6. 21,t.515. DC. Prodr. 1. 395. Torrey,
Mex. Bound. 37. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 5. 154. — (Northern Mexico.)

? Spergularia rupestris. Benth. Bot. Sulph. 17.
D. glandulosa. Bartl. in Presl, Rel. Haenk. 2.9. Gray, Pl. Wright 2.18. Tor-
rey, Pac. R. Rep. 4. 70; Mex. Bound. 37.

? D. ramosissima. Schlecht. in Linn. 12. 206.

D. cardata. Gray, Pl. Fendl. 18, not Willd.

Drymaria. Lepigonum.|] CARYOPHYLLACEZ. 103

D. holosteoides. Benth. Bot. Sulph. 16. Walp. Rep. 5. 76.— (Lower California.)
D. nodosa. Engelm.; Gray, Pl. Fendl. 12. Walp. Ann. 2. 91. — (Northern
Mexico.)

D. sperguloides. Gray, Pl. Fendl. 11; Pl. Wright. 2. 19. Walp. Ann. 2. 91.
Torrey, Mex. Bound. 37.

D. tenella. Gray, Pl. Fendl. 12; Pl. Wright. 2.19. Walp. Ann. 2. 91.

D. xerophylla. Gray, Pl. Wright. 2. 18. Walp. Ann. 4. 246. — (Northern
Mexico.)

HOLOSTEUM oumeetratem, Linn. Gray, Manual, 93.

LEPIGONUM,macrothecum. Fisch. &'Mey. Ind. Sem. Petr. 3. 14. Kindberg,
Syn. Lepig. 14; Monog. 16, t.1,f 1. -

Arenaria macrotheca. Hornem.; Cham. & Schlecht. in Linn. 1. 53.

A. rubra, var. Cham. & Schlecht. 1. ¢.

Spergula rubra, var. (?) y. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 175.

Arenaria rubra. Hook. & Arn. Bot. Beechey, 525.

Lepigonum Chilense. Fisch. & Mey. 1. c.

Sperguaria rubra. Torrey, Pac. R. Rep. 4.70; Mex. Bound. 37, in part; Bot.
Wilkes, 247, in part. Boland. Cat. 6.

L. medium. Fries, Nov. Fl. Suec. Mant. 3.353. See syn. in Fenzl, Ledeb. FI.
Ross. 2. 168, and Rohrb. Mart. Fl. Bras. fase. 56. 272, under Spergularia. — Kind-
* berg, Monog. Lepig. 24, t. 2, £11, with syn.

Arenaria rubra, var. 8. Michx. Fl. 1. 274. Torrey, Fl. U. S. 456.

Arenaria media. Persoon, 1. 504. Hook. Fl. Antarct. 2. 250.

Arenaria Canadensis. Persoon, 1. 504. Pursh, 319. Poir. Suppl. 5. 2. EL
liott, 1.519. DC. Prodr. 1.401. Spreng. Cyst. 2.400. Beck, Bot. 52. - Dietr.
2. 1598.

Arenaria marina. Bigel. Fl. Bost. 191.

Spergularia Canadensis. Don, Mill. 1. 426.

Spergula rubra, var. (2?) B. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1.175. Torrey, Fl. N. Y. 1. 107.

Sperguaria rubra, var. marina. Gray, Manual, 1 ed. 64. Matthew, Pl. Acad. 21.

Lepigonum levospermum. Kindberg, 1. c. 28, t. 2, f. 10.

Speraularia media, Presl. Gray, Manual, 95. Watson, King’s Rep. 5. 42.

t Spergularia media, var. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 8. 378.

Var. macrocarpa.
Spergularia media, var. macrocarpa. Gray, Manual, 95, excl. syn.

L. rubrum. Fries, Fl. Hall. 76. See syn. in Fenzl, Ledeb. Fl. Ross. 2. 167, under
Spergu/aria. — Kindberg, Monog. Lepig. 40, t. 3, £ 29, with syn.

Arenaria rubra. Linn. Spec. 428, excl. var. Persoon, 1. 504. Bigel. Fl. Bost.
190. Torrey, Fl. U. S. 456, excl. var. Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am. 1. 98. Beck, Bot. 52.
Hook. f. Jour. Linn. Soc. 1. 116.

Sperguaria rubra. Presl, Rel. Haenk. 2.9. Eat. & Wr. 439. Gray, Genera,
2. 28, t.108; Pl. Wright. 2.19; Manual, 1 ed. 64, excl. var.; Proc. Am. Acad.
8. 378. Cooper, Pac. R. Rep. 12. 56. Chapman, 48. Torrey, Bot. Wilkes, 247, in
part.

Spergula rubra. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1.175, excl. vars. Torrey, Fl. N. Y. 1. 106,
excl. var. Dietr. 2.1598. This name is maintained by Edgw. & Hook. in FI. Brit.
Ind. 1. 244.

Sperguaria rubra, var. campestris. Gray, Manual, 95.

Spergularia campestris, Aschers. Rohrb. in Mart. Fl. Bras. fase. 56. 267.

104 CARYOPHYLLACEAE. [Lepigonum. Lychnis.

L. salinum. Fries, Nov. Fl. Suec. Mant. 3. 34. Hook. f. Arct. Pl. 288 & 3238.
Kindberg, Monog. Lepig. 36, t. 3, f. 2'7, with syn.

Spergularia salina, Presl. Gray, Manual, 95.

Arenaria marina, Roth. Hornem. FI. Dan. 18, t. 2231.

2 Spergularia rubra. ‘Torrey, Mex. Bound. 37, in part.

LOSFLINGIA squarrosa. Nutt.; Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 174 & 674. Eat. &
Wr. 304. Walp. Rep. 1. 268. Gray, Pl. Wright. 1. 18; Genera, 2. 24, t.106.
L. Texana. Hook. Icon. 3. 275, t. 285. .

LYCHNIS affinis. Vahl, Fr. Mant. 3.36. See syn. in Regel, Fl. Ost-Sib. 1. 319;
Rohrb. in Linn. 36. 216, under Melandryum involucratum. Referred by Hook. f. to
L. apetala in Arct. Pl. 321.

L. triflora. Hornem. Fl. Dan. 13, t. 2173, not R. Br.

Melandryum affine. Vahl; Liebm. Fl. Dan. 14. 5.

Wahlbergella affinis, Fries. Lange, Pl. Gronl. 133.

Melandryum involucratum, var. affine. Rohrb. 1. c. 217. Watson, King’s Rep.
5. 431.
L. alpina. Linn. Spec. 436. European.—Pursh, 821. DC. Prodr. 1. 3887.
Spreng. Syst. 2. 422. Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am. 1. 91. Meyer, Fl. Lab. 90. Torr. &
Gray, Fl. 1.194. Eat. & Wr. 308. Seller, Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. 1. 16. 169. Du-
rand, Pl. Kane, 189. Hook. f. Arct. Pl. 289; Jour. Linn. Soe. 5. 82.

Viscaria alpina. Don, Mill. 1.415. Lange, Pl. Groénl. 133.

L. apetala. Linn. Spec. 487. See syn. in Hook. f. Arct. Pl. 287 & 821; Regel, ©

Fl. Ost-Sib. 1. 822 & 825; Trautv. in Trud. Petr. 1.61; and under Melandryum,
Fenzl, Ledeb. Fl. Ross. 1. 326; Trautv. in Pl. Middend. 53; Rohrb. in Linn.
36. 217. — R. Br. in Ross’s Voy. 142; Parry’s Ist Voy. 170. Richards. Frankl.
Journ. 10. Hook. in Parry’s 2d Voy. 889; Trans. Linn. Soe. 14. 865; Fl. Bor.-Am.
1.91; Fl. Antarct. 1. 246. DC. Prodr. 1. 386. Cham. & Schlecht. in Linn. 1. 42.
Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1.194. Hook. & Arn. Bot. Beechey, 122. Hat. & Wr. 308.
Seem. Bot. Herald, 27, 51 & 55. Durand, Pl. Kane, 189. Hook. f. in Jour. Linn.
Soc. 1.116 & 121, & 5.82. Dickie, same, 3. 110 & 11. 33. Edgew. & Hook. f. Fl.
Brit. Ind. 222.

L. frigida. Schrank, Pfl. Lab. 25.

Agrostemma apetala. Don, Mill. 1. 416.

Wahlbergella apetala, Fries. _Lange, Pl. Gronl. 183.

Melandryum apetalum, Fenzl. Rothr. Alask. 444.

Var. glabra. Regel, Fl. Ost-Sib. 1. 827.
L. apetala. Pl. Bourgeau, 255.

L. Californica. Watson, Proc. Am. Acad. 12. 248.
Silene 2 Brew. & Wats. Bot. Calif. 1. 66.

L. DIOICA, Linn. Greville, Mem. Soc. Wern. 3. 429. Hook. Trans. Linn. Soc.
14. 366. Hook. f. Arct. Pl. 287 & 321.
L. diurna, Linn. Wood, Bot. & FI. 54.

L. Drummondii. Watson, King’s Rep. 5. 37 & 432; Proc. Am. Acad. 12. 248.
Porter, Hayd. Rep. 1871, 479; Fl. Col. 12. Coulter, Hayd. Rep. 1872, 761. Rothr.
Pl. Wheel. 35.

Silene Drummondii. ook. Fl. Bor.-Am. 1. 89; Lond. Journ. Bot. 6. 7 5Won
Mill. 1.405. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1.191,in part. Eat. & Wr. 427. Dietr. 2. 1573.
Walp. Rep. 1. 278. Torrey, Frem. Rep. 87; Pac. R. Rep. 4. 69, in part. Engelm.
Pl. Upp. Miss. 185. Newberry, Pac. R. Rep. 6.67% Gray, Ives’ Rep. 7; Am.

Ge

Lychnis. Sagina.] CARYOPHYLLACE. 105

Journ. Sci. 2. 33. 405; Proc. Acad. Philad. 1863, 58. Pl. Bourgeau, 255. Rohrb.
Mon. Silene, 183.

@ Silene Scouleri, var. (7). Gray, Pl. Fendl. 13.

Elisanthe Drummondi. Ruprecht, Fl. Cauc. 1. 200.

LL. apetala. Gray, Am. Journ. Sci. 2. 33- 405, in part.

L. apetala, var. pauciflora. Porter, Hayd. Rep. 1870, 473.

L. elata. Watson, Proc. Am. Acad. 12. 249.

Silene Scoulert. Pl. Bourgeau, 255.

L. Gitwaco, Lam. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1.194. Torrey, Fl. N. Y.1.102. Gray,
Manual, 90.

Agrostemma Githago, Linn. Pursh, 621. Barton, Comp. Fl. Phil. 1. 216. Tor-
rey, Fl. U.S. 461. Bigel. Fl. Bost. 197. Darling. Fl. Cestr. 281. Eat. & Wr. 117.
Gray, Manual, 2 ed. 57. Chapman, 52.

L. Kingii. Watson, Proc. Am. Acad. 12. 247.

L. Ajanensis * Watson, King’s Rep. 5. 37.

L. montana. Watson, Proc. Am. Acad. 12. 247.

L. apetala. Gray, Am. Journ. Sci. 2. 33. 405, in part; Proc. Acad. Philad. 1863,
58. Watson, King’s Rep. 5. 36. Porter, Fl. Col. 12. Rothr. Pl. Wheel. 35.

L. nuda. Watson, King’s Rep. 5. 37; Proc. Am. Acad. 12. 248.
L. Parryi. Watson, Proc. Am. Acad. 12. 248.

-L. triflora. R. Br. in Ross’s Voy.142. Dietr. 2. 1596. Regel, Fl. Ost-Sib. 1. 319.

Watson, |. c. 247. Referred to L. apetala by Hook. f.in Arct. Pl. 521.
Agrostemma triflora. Don, Mill. 1. 417.
Melandryum triflorum. Liebm. Fl. Dan. 14, t. 2356. Reg. & Til. Fl. Ajan. 6,
excl. syn. & var. Rohrb. in Linn. 56. 251. Watson, King’s Rep. 5. 431.
Wahlbergella triflora. ange, Pl. Groenl. 133.
L. apetala, var. pauciflora. Durand, Pl. Kane, 189.
POLYCARPON depressum. Nutt.; Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 174, not Rohrb. in
Mart. Fl. Bras. fase. 56. 257. Eat. & Wr. 865. Walp. Rep. 1. 263.
P. TETRAPHYLLUM, Linn. f. Elliott, 1.182. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 174. Eat. &
Wr. 3865. Chapman, 48. Wood, Bot. & Fl. 57. Rohrb. 1. ¢. 256, & syn.

SAGINA apetala. Linn. Mant. 2. 559. See syn. in Fenzl, Ledeb. Fl. Ross.
1. 888; Hook. f. Fl. Brit. 61. Referred to S. procumbens by Benth. in Brit. Fl. 120.
—Muhl. Cat. 18. Torrey, Fl. U.S. 195; Fl. N. Y.1.94. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 177.
Eat. & Wr. 405. Gray, Manual, 94.

S. decumbens. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1.177. C. A. Meyer, Ind. Sem. Petr. 8. 70
(Linn. Litt.-Ber. 1841, 175). Gray, Hall’s Pl. Tex. 5.

Spergula nodosa. Walter, 142.

Spergula decumbens. FEliiott, 1. 523.

Spergula saginoides. Michx. Fl. 1. 276, not Linn. Pursh, 320. Torrey, Fl.
U.S. 457.

Sagina procumbens. Pursh, 119. Elliott, 1.221. Hook. Jour. Bot. r. 195.

Spergula subulata. Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am. 1. 93, not Sw. Eat. & Wr. 489.

Sagina Elliottii. Fenzl, fide Gray, Manual, 2 ed. 61. Chapman, 48. Wood,
Cl.-Book, 261.

Sagina subulata. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1.178, not Wimm. A. H. Smith, Proc.
Acad. Philad. 1867, 18. Gray, Manual, 95, with var. Smithii.

S. Linneei. Presl, Rel. Haenk. 2.14. See syn. in Fenzl, Ledeb. Fl. Ross, 1. 339;

106 CARYOPHYLLACES. [Sagina. Silene.

Regel, Fl. Ost-Sib. 1. 424. — Hook. f. Fl. Brit. 61. Watson, King’s Rep. 5. 41.
Porter, Hayd. Rep. 1871, 479; Fl. Col. 14. Coulter, Hayd. Rep. 1872, 762. Tor-
rey, Bot. Wilkes, 243? Rothr. Pl. Wheel. 35.

Spergula saginoides. Linn. Spec. 441. DC. Prodr. 1. 394. Cham. & Schlecht.

in Linn. 1. 46. Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am. 1.93. Bong. Sitch. 128. Don, Mill. 1. 424.
Eat. & Wr. 489. Dietr. 2. 1597.

Sagina saxatilis, Wimm. Lange, Pl. Gronl. 133. Hook. f. Fl. Brit. 61.
S. nivalis. Lindbl. Bot. Not. 66. See syn. in Babington, Seem. Jour. Bot. 2. 340.
— Hook. f. Arct. Pl. 287 & 821. Watson, King’s Rep. 5. 42.

Arenaria cespitosa. Vahlin Hornem. Fl. Dan. 15, t. 2289.

Sagina intermedia. Fenzl, Ledeb. Fl. Ross. 1. 839.

Sagina cespitosa. Lange, Pl. Gronl. 133.
S. nodosa. E. Meyer, Elench. Pl. Boruss. 29. See syn. in Fenzl, Ledeb. FI.
Ross. 1. 340.— Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1.177. Lange, Pl. Gronl. 133. Hook. f. Arct.
Pl. 287. Gray, Manual, 965.

Spergula nodosa, Linn. Richards. Frankl. Journ. 10. Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am. 1. 93.
Eat. & Wr. 489.
S. occidentalis. Watson, Proc. Am. Acad. 10. 344. ;

Sagina procumbens. Boland. Cat. 6. Torrey, Bot. Wilkes, 242 2

Sagina Linnei. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 8. 378.

S. procumbens. Linn. Spec. 128. See syn. in Fenzl, Ledeb. Fl. Ross. 1. 338;
Regel, Fl. Ost-Sib. 1. 424.— Torrey, Fl. U.S. 195; FL. N. Y. 1. 98. Hook. FI.
Bor.-Am. 1. 92. Bigel. Fl. Bost. 65. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 177. Eat. & Wr. 405.
Gray, Genera, 2. 30, t. 109; Manual, 94. Lange, Pl. Gronl. 133. Hook. FI.
Antarct. 1. 247.

SAPONARIA orricinauis, Linn. Pursh, 314. Nutt. Genera, 1. 286. Elliott,
1.514. Torrey, Fl. U. S. 447; Fl. N. Y. 1.108. Bigel. Fl. Bost. 190. Darling. FI.
Cestr. 272. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1.195. Eat. & Wr. 411. Chapman, 52. Gray,
Manual, 88.

S. Vaccaria, Linn. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 195. Eat. & Wr. 411. Torrey, FI.

N. Y. 1. 108. Gray, Manual, 1 ed. 55. Watson, King’s Rep. 5. 36; Pl. Wheel. 6.

Porter, Hayd. Rep. 1871, 479; Fl. Col. 12. Coulter, Hayd. Rep. 1872, 761.
Vaccaria vulgaris, Host. Gray, Manual, 88.

SILENE acaulis. Linn. Spec. 2 ed. 603. See syn. in Ledeb. Fl. Ross. 1. 303;
Rohrb. Monog. Silene, 148. — Pursh, 316. R. Br. in Ross’s Voy. 142. Greville,
Mem. Soc. Wern. 3. 429. Richards. Frankl. Journ. 10. Hook. Trans. Linn. Soc.
14. 365; Fl. Bor.-Am. 1. 87. Torrey, Ann. Lye. N. Y. 2.170; Frem. Rep. 87.
Cham. & Schlecht. in Linn. 1. 39. Meyer, Pl. Lab. 90. Torr. & Gray, FI. 1. 189.
Hook. & Arn. Bot. Beechey, 122. Eat. & Wr. 426. Seem. Bot. Herald, 27, 51 &
56. Durand, Pl. Kane, 189. Hook. f. in Jour. Linn. Soc. 1. 116 & 121, & 5. 82;
Arct. Pl. 287. Dickie, Jour. Littn. Soc. 3. 110. Gray, Am. Jour. Sci. 2. 33. 256;
Proc. Acad. Philad. 18638, 58; Manual, 90. Pl. Bourgeau, 255 & 262. Rothr.
Alask. 444; Pl Wheel. 35. Rohrb. 1. c. t.1, £ 22-24. Porter, Hayd. Rep. 1870,
473; 1871, 479; Fl. Col. 12. Watson, King’s Rep. 5. 86 & 432; Pl. Wheel. 6.
Coulter, Hayd. Rep. 1872, 761. ;

S. antirrhina. Linn. Spec. 419. Hill, Veg. Syst. 18, t. 58, £4. Ait. Hort. Kew.
2. 97. Walter, 141. Willd. Spec. 2. 702. Poir. Dict. 7.176. Pursh, 316.
Elliott, 1. 517.. DC: Prodr. 1. °376.) Torrey, BE U.1S.°461 3) PEON. Yom
Marcy’s Rep. 281; Pac. R. Rep. 4. 69; Mex. Bound. 36; Bot. Wilkes, 241. Bigel.
Fl. Bost. 194. Spreng. Syst. 2. 413... Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am. 1. 89; Jour. Bot. 1. 195;

Silene.| CARYOPHYLLACEZ. 107

Lond. Jour. Bot. 6.75. Don, Mill. 1. 406. Darling. Fl. Cestr. 272. Torr. & Gray,
Fi. 1. 191; Pac. R. Rep. 2. 160. Eat. & Wr. 426. Dietr. 2.1574. Engelm. &
Gray, Pl. Lindh. 5. Gray, Pl. Fendl. 13; Manual, 90; Hall’s Pl. Tex. 5. Parry,
Pl. Minn. 609. Engelm. Pl. Upp. Miss. 185. Chapman, 52. Lesqx. Fl. Ark. 351.
Pl. Bourgeau, 255. Rohrb. Mon. Sil. 178; Mart. Fl. Bras. fasc. 56. 292, t. 66, f. 1.
Boland. Cat. 6. Watson, King’s Rep. 5. 86 & 432. Porter, Hayd. Rep. 1871, 479.
Suponaria dioica, Cham. & Schlecht. in Linn. 1. 88.
Var. linaria. Wood, Bot. & FI. 53.

S. Armenia, Linn. Hook: Fl. Bor-Am. 1.91. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 194. Gray,
Manual, 90. Rohrb. 1. c. 149.

S. Baldwinii. Nutt. Genera, 1. 288. DC. Prodr. 1.382. Spreng. Syst. 2. 411.
Don, Mill. 1. 418. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 198. Eat. & Wr. 427. Dietr. 2. 1581.
Chapman, 51. Wood, Cl.-Book, 255; Bot. & FI. 58.

S. fimbriata. Baldw.; Elliott, 1. 515, not Sims.

Melandryum Baldwinii. Rohrb. Mon. Sil. 231 & 232; Syn. Lych. in Linn. 86. 254.
Watson, King’s Rep. 5. 481.
S. Bridgesii. Rohrb. Ind. Sem. Berol. 1867, Appx. 2. 5 (Ann. Sci. Nat. 5.8. 481) ;
Mon. Sil. 204. Watson, King’s Rep. 5. 452; Proc. Am. Acad. 10. 542. Brew. &
Wats. Bot. Calif. 1. 66. ;

Elisanthe Bridgesii. Ruprecht, Fl. Cauc. 1. 200.

S. Californica. Durand, Pl. Pratten. 83. Torrey, Pac. R. Rep. 4. 69 & 7.8; Bot.
Wilkes, 242. Walp. Ann. 4. 289. Boland. Cat. 6. Brew. & Wats. 1. c. 64.

S. pulchra. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 675, in part.

S. Virginica. Benth. Pl. Hartw. 299.

Melandryum pulehrum. Rohrb. Mon. Sil. 232 & 234, in part.

M. Californicum. Rohrb. in Linn. 36. 252. Watson, King’s Rep. 5. 431.

S. Tilingi. Regel, Act. Hort. Petrop. 1. 99; Gartenfl. 1872, 330.

S. laciniata, var. Californica. Gray, Proc. Bost. Soc. 7. 146. Watson, Proc. Am.
Acad. 10. 341.
S. campanulata. Watson, Proc. Am. Acad. 10. 541. Brew. & Wats. 1. c. 63.

S. Douglasii. Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am. 1.88. Don, Mill. 1.414. Torr. & Gray, FI.
1.190. Eat. & Wr. 427. Dietr. 2. 1566. Walp. Rep. 1. 278. Rohrb. Mon. Sil. 80.
Watson, King’s Rep. 5. 86 & 431; Proc. Am. Acad. 10. 3841. | Anderson, Cat. 118.
Coulter, Hayd. Rep. 1872, 761. Torrey, Bot. Wilkes, 241, Brew. & Wats. 1. ¢.
Cucubalus Douglasii. Eaton, Manual, 7 ed.
Var. (7) Watson, King’s Rep. 5. 36. Coulter, Hayd. Rep. 1872, 761 @
S. Gariica, Linn. Hook. & Arn. Bot. Beechey, 326. Rohrb. Mon. Sil. 96. Bo-
land. Cat. 6. Watson, Proc. Am. Acad. 11.113. Brew. & Wats. 1. c. 63.
S. quinquevulnera, Linn. Michx. Fl. 1.272. Elliott, 1. 515. Torr. & Gray,
Fl. 1.191 & 675. Eat. & Wr. 427. ‘Torrey, Pac. R. Rep. 4.69; Mex. Bound. 36:
Chapman, 52. Boland. Cat. 6. Wood, Bot. & Fl. 53.

S. Hookeri. Nutt.; Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1.193. Eat. & Wr. 427. Dietr. 2. 1578.
Walp. Rep. 1. 278. Hook. f. Bot. Mag. t. 6051. ‘FI. Serres, t. 2093. Watson,
Proc. Am. Acad. 10. 341. Brew. & Wats. 1. c. 64.
S. Bolanderit. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 7. 330 & 8. 378. Boland. Cat. 6.
Melandryum Hookeri & Bolanderi. Rohrb. Mon. Sil. 232; Linn. 36, 254, Wat-
son, King’s Rep. 5. 451.
S. incompta. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 7. 330. Watson, King’s Rep. 5.484; Proc.
Am. Acad. 10. 341. Brew. & Wats. 1. c. 65.

108 CARYOPHYLLACES. [Silene.

2 S. multicaulis. Durand, Pl. Pratten. 84.

S. Engelmanni. Rohrb. in Ind. Sem. Berol. 1867, Appx. 2. 5 (Ann. Sci. Nat. 5
8. 381); Mon. Sil. 213; Linn. 56. 264, excl. var.
S. wrrata, Sm. Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am. 1.88. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1.190. Eat. &
Wr. 427. Hook. f. Arct. Pl. 287 & 821. Gray, Manual, 89. Leggett, Torr. Bull.
2. 25.

Cucubalus Behen, Linn. Michx. Fl. 1.271. Pursh, 815. Bigel. Fl. Bost. 183.
Torrey, Fl. U. S. 449.

S. Cucubalus, Wib. Rohrb. Mon. Sil. 85.
S. laciniata. Cav. Icon. 6. 44, t. 564. DC. Prodr. 1. 388. Spreng. Syst. 2. 407.
Don, Mill. 1.418. Lindl. Bot. Reg. 17, t. 1444. Paxton, Mag. Bot. 1. 267 & t.
Maund, Bot. Gard. 11, t.499. Gray, Pl. Wright. 2.17. Torrey, Pac. R. Rep.
4.69. El. Serres, 2, t. 7.

S. Mexicana & Mociniana. DC. Prodr. 1. 879 & 882. Don, Mill. 1. 410 & 4138.

Lychnis pulchra. Cham. & Schlecht. in Linn. 5. 284. Hook. & Arn. Bot.
Beechey, 826. Benth. Pl. Hartw. 35.

Agrastemma pulchra. Don, Mill. 1. 417.

S. pulchra. Torr. & Gray. Fl. 1. 675, in part. Walp. Rep. 1. 278. Torrey,
Mex. Bound. 36.

S. speciosa. Paxton, Mag. Bot. 10. 219 & t.

Melandryum pulchrum. Rohrb. Mon. Sil. 234.

M. laciniatum. Rohrb. Mon. Sil. 233; Linn. 6. 255. Watson, King’s Rep. 5. 481.

Var. Greggii.
Silene ? Engelm. in Wisliz. Rep. 22.
S. Greggii. Gray, Pl. Wright.2.17. Durand, Pl. Pratten. 83. Walp. Ann.
4.289. ‘Torrey, Mex. Bound. 36.
Melandryum laciniatum, var. Gregg. Rohrb. Mon. Sil. 232.
M. Greggii. Rohrb. in Linn. 36. 256. Watson, King’s Rep. 5. 481.
S. Lemmoni. Watson, Proc. Am. Acad. 10. 342.
S. Lyallii. Watson, 1. ec.

S. Menziesii Hook. Fl. Bor-Am. 1. 90, t. 30; Lond. Journ. Bot. 6.75. Don,
Mill. 1. 408. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1.193 & 676. Eat. & Wr. 427. Dietr. 2. 1574.
Walp. Rep. 1. 278. Gray, Pl. Fendl. 13; Am. Journ. Sci. 2. 33. 405; Proc. Acad.
Philad. 1865, 55; Proc. Am. Acad. 8. 378. Rohrb. Mon. Sil. 147. Anderson,
Cat. 118. Watson, King’s Rep. 36 & 432. Porter, Hayd. Rep. 1871, 479; FI.
Col. 12. Coulter, Hayd. Rep. 1872, 761. Torrey, Bot. Wilkes, 242. othr. Pl.
Wheeler, 35.

S. stellarioides. Nutt.; Torr. & Gray, Fl.1.193. Eat. & Wr. 427. Dietr. 2. 1576.
Walp. Rep. 1. 279.

S. Dorrit. Kellogg, Trans. Calif. Acad. 3. 44, f. 12.
S. monantha. Watson, Proc. Am. Acad. 10. 340. Brew. & Wats. 1. c. 63.
S. montana. Watson, 1. c. 343. Brew. & Wats. 1. c. 65.
S. multicaulis. Nutt.; Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 192 & 675. Eat. & Wr. 427. Dietr.
2. 1576.
S. nivea. DC. Prodr. 1.877. Don, Mill. 1.407. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1.190. Eat.
& Wr. 427. Dietr. 2.1574. Parry, Pl. Minn. 609. Rohrb. Mon. Sil. 87 & 236.
Gray, Manual, 89. Watson, King’s Rep. 5. 431.

S. alba. Muhl. Cat. 45.

Cucubalus niveus. Nutt. Genera, 1. 287. Torrey, Fl. U. S. 449.

Silene. | CARYOPHYLLACE. 109

S. noctirtora, Linn. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1.192. Torrey, Fl. N. Y.1. 101. Gray,
Manual, 90.

Melandryum noctiflorum, Fr. Rohrb. in Linn. 36. 242.
S. nocrurna, Linn. Pursh, 316. Torrey, Fl. U. S. 451. Bigel. FI. Bost. 194.
Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 191. Hat. & Wr. 426. Gray, Manual, 90. Rohrb. Mon.
Sil. 100.
S. occidentalis. Watson, Proc. Am. Acad. 10. 548,

S. ovata. Pursh, 316. Poir. Suppl. 5. 156. Elliott, 1.517. DC. Prodr. 1. 368.
Spreng. Syst. 2.414. Don, Mill. 1.3899. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1.190. Eat. & Wr.
427. Dietr. 2. 1566. Chapman, 51. Wood, Cl.-Book, 255; Bot. & Fl. 53. Rohrb.
Mon. Sil. 222. Watson, King’s Rep. 5. 482.

% Cucubalus polypetalus. Walter, 141.
S. Pennsylvanica. Michx. Fl. 1. 272. Poir. Dict. 7.176; Suppl. 5. 149. Pursh,
316. Ker, Bot. Reg. 3, t. 247. Elliott, 1.515. DC. Prodr. 1. 380. Torrey, FI.
U. S. 450; Fl. N. ¥. 1.101. Spreng. Syst. 2. 405. Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am. 1. 90.
Don, Mill. 1.411. Bigel. Fl. Bost, 194. Spach, Hist. Veg. 5.179. Torr. & Gray,
Fl. 1.192. Hat. & Wr. 426. Dietr. 2.1580. Gray, Genera, 2. 42, t.115; Man-
ual, 89. Chapman, 51. Hook. f. Arct. Pl. 287.

2S. Caroliniana. Walter, 142.

2S. Virginica. Willd. Spec. 2. 7

S. cheiranthoides. Poir. Dict. 7. 1

S. incarnata. Lodd. Cab. t. 41.

S. platypetala. Otth. in DC. Prodr. 1. 383. Don, Mill. 1. 413.

2S. rubicunda. WDietr. in Allg. Gartenzeit. 8.196. Walp. Rep. 1. 279.

Melandryum Pennsylvanicum. Rohrb. Mon. Sil. 232 & 283; Linn. 36. 251. Wat-
son, King’s Rep. 5. 431.
S. regia. Sims, Bot. Mag. t.1724. Poir. Suppl. 5.155. Nutt. Genera, 1. 288.
DC. Prodr. 1. 382. Spreng. Syst. 2. 411. Beck, Am. Jour. Sci. 11. 182. Don,
Mill. 1.418. Hook. Jour. Bot. 1. 195. Don, Sweet’s Brit. Fl. Gard. 2 ser. t. 313.
Spach, Hist. Veg. 5. 178. Maund, Bot. Gard. 13,t.609. Torr. & Gray, FI.
1,193. Hat. & Wr. 427. Dietr. 2. 1581. Chapman, 51. Gray, Manual, 89.

S. Virginica, var. Michx. FI. 1. 272.

Melandryum regium. Al. Braun, Regensb. Flora; 1848
234 & 235.

M. IMinoense. Rohrb. in Linn. 86. 250. Watson, King’s Rep. 5. 431.
S. rotundifolia. Nutt. Genera, 1. 288. DC. Prodr. 1. 883. Spreng. Syst. 2. 406.
Don, Mill. 1. 418. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1.192. Eat. & Wr. 427. Dietr. 2. 1582.
Chapman, 51. Gray, Manual, 89.

Melandryum rotundifolium. Rohrb. Mon. Sil. 234; Linn. 86. 257. Watson,
King’s Rep. 5. 481.
S. Scouleri. Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am. 1. 88. Don, Mill. 1. 401. Torr. & Gray, Fl.
1.191. Eat. & Wr. 427. Dietr. 2.1567. Walp. Rep. 1. 278. Anderson, Cat. 118.
Gray, Am. Jour. Sci. 2. 33. 405; Proc. Acad. Philad. 1863, 58. Cooper, Pac. R.
Rep. 12.57. Rohrb. Mon. Sil. 218. Watson, King’s Rep. 5. 432. Porter, Fl. Col.
12. Torrey, Bot. Wilkes, 241.

Elisanthe Scoulert. Ruprecht, Fl. Caue. 1. 200.

S. Drummondit. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 8. 377.
S. stellata. Ait.f. Hort. Kew. 3.84. DC. Prodr. 1.868. Spreng. Syst. 2.415. Hook.
Fl. Bor.-Am. 1. 88. Don, Mill. 1.899. Darling. Fl. Cestr..272. Torr. & Gray, FI.
1.190; Pac. R. Rep. 2.126. Eat. & Wr. 426. Dietr. 2.1566. Torrey, Fl. N. Y.

0

6
‘

o

, 3/2. Rohrb. Mon. Sil.

110 CARYOPHYLLACES. [Silene. Stellaria.

1.100, t.16. Gray, Pl. Fendl. 14; Manual, 89. Parry, Pl. Minn. 608. Engelm.
Pl. Upp. Miss. 185. Chapman, 51. Rohrb. Mon. Sil. 216. Watson, King’s Rep.
5. 432.

Cucubalus stellatus. Linn. Spec. 414. Hill, Veg. Syst. 13.t.58, £1. Lam.
Dict. 2.221. Ait. Hort. Kew. 2.92. Willd. Spec. 2.687. Michx. Fl. 1. 271.
Sims, Bot. Mag. t.1107. Pursh, 315. Elliott, 1.514. Torrey, Fl. U. S. 449.
Bigel. Fl. Bost. 195. Spach, Hist. Veg. 5. 174.

S. verecunda. Watson, Proc. Am. Acad. 10. 844.

S. Virginica. Linn. Spec. 419, in part. Hill, Veg. Syst. 18, t.58, £3. Medicus,
Bot. Beobacht. 1788, 167. Michx. Fl. 1. 272, in part. Poir. Dict. 7.175. Ait. f.
Hort. Kew. 3. 92. Pursh, 316. Elliott, 1.516. DC. Prodr. 1. 879. Torrey, FI.
U. S. 450; Fl. N. Y. 1.102. Spreng. Syst. 2.411. Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am, 1. 90;
Bot. Mag. t. 3342 (Ann. Sci. Nat. 2. 6. 293). Don, Mill. 1.410. Spach, Hist. Veg.
5.191. Lindl. Fl. Med. 201. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1.192. Eat. & Wr. 426. Dietr.
2.1578. Walp. Rep. 1. 278. Chapman, 51. Gray, Manual, 89.

S. Catesbei. Walter, 141. Willd. Spec. 2. 706. Poir. Dict. 7. 183. DC. Prodr.
1.379. Don, Mill. 1. 410.

SS. coccinea. Moench, Suppl. 306.

Melandryum Virginicum. A. Braun, Regensb. Flora, 1848, 872. Rohrb. Mon.
Sil. 232 & 235; Linn. 86. 250. Watson, King’s Rep. 5. 481.
S. Wrightii. Gray, Pl. Wright. 2.17. Walp. Ann. 4. 289.

Melandryum Wrightii. Rohrb. Mon. Sil. 235; Linn. 86. 253. Watson, King’s
Rep. 5. 431.

S. alba; nivea. S. laciniata; Californica.
axillaris ; Cupheea viscosissima. Mexicana & Mociniana ; \aciniata.
Bolanderi ; Hookeri. multicaulis ; incompta.
Caroliniana & cheiranthoides ; Penn- Niccensis ; verecunda.
sylvanica. platypetala ; Pennsylvanica.
Cateshei & coccinea; Virginica. pulchra ; laciniata, Californica.
Cucubalus ; inflata. quinquevulnera ; Gallica.
Dorrii ; Menziesii. Scouleri ; Liychnis Drummondii &
Drummondii ; Scouleri, verecunda, elata.
Lychnis Drummondii. speciosa ; laciniata.
Engelmanni ; incompta, verecunda. stellarioides ; Menziesii.
Jimbriata ; Baldwinii. Tilingii ; Californica.
Greggii ; laciniata. Virginica ; — Californica, Pennsyl-
incarnata ; Pennsylvanica. vanica, regia.

SPERGULA arvensis, Linn. Walter, 142. Pursh, 820. Elliott, 1. 523. Tor-
rey, Fl. U. S. 457; Fl. N. Y. 1.106. Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am. 1. 92; Jour. Bot. 1. 196.
Bigel. Fl. Bost. 196. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1.174. Eat. & Wr. 439. Chapman, 48.
Hook. f. Arct. Pl. 287. Rothr. Alask. 444. Gray, Manual, 96. Boland, Cat. 6.
Rohrb. in Mart. Fl]. Bras. fase. 56. 263, t. 58, f. 3, with syn. :
SPERGULARIA. See Lepigonum.

STELLARIA borealis. Bigel. Fl. Bost. 2 ed. 182. See syn. in Fenzl, Ledeb.
Fl. Ross. 1. 881; Regel, Fl. Ost-Sib. 1. 883 & 395. — Hook. FI. Bor.-Am. 1. 94, excel.
vars.; Lond. Jour. Bot. 6: 74. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 185. Dietr. 2. 1556. Eat. &
Wr. 442. Torrey, Fl. N. Y. 1.98; Bot. Wilkes, 245. Vahl, Fl. Dan. 14, t. 2355.
Gray, Genera, 2. 38, t.113, £ 6-8 (fruit); Proc. Acad. Philad. 1868, 59; Manual,
93; Proc. Am. Acad. 8. 378. Cooper, Pac. R. Rep. 12. 57. Lange, Pl. Grinl. 132.

Stellaria.| CARYOPHYLLACES. 111

Hook. f. Arct. Pl. 288 & 822. Pl. Bourgeau, 255. Rothr. Alask. 444. Porter,
Hayd. Rep. 1870, 473; 1871, 479; Fl. Col. 13. Watson, King’s Rep. 5. 38.

Spergulastrum lanceolatum. Michx. Fl. 1. 275. Poir. Dict. 7. 808. Don, Mill.
1. 448.

Micropetalon lanceolatum. Persoon, 1. 509. Pursh, 820. Spreng. Syst. 2. 416.
Eat. & Wr. 319.

Arenaria or Stellaria? Bigel. in N. Eng. Med. Jour. 5. 334.

Stellaria lanceolata. Torrey, Fl. U. S. 458, not Poir.

Arenaria lateriflora. Darling. Florul. Cestr. 54.

S. calycantha. Bong. Sitch. 127. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1.186. Eat. & Wr. 448..

Arenaria calycantha. WLedeb. in Mem. Acad. Petr. 5. 854. DC. Prodr, 1. 412.

S. crassifolia. Boland. Cat. 6.

Var. alpestris. Gray, Manual, 95.

S. alpestris, Fries. Hook. f. Arct. Pl. 323, referring it to S. longifolia.

S. brachypetala. Bong. Sitch. 126 (Presl, Repert. Bot. 1.812). Torr. & Gray,
Fl]. 1.186. Eat. & Wr. 448. Dietr. 2. 1553.

S. borealis, var. corollina. Fenzl, Ledeb. Fl. Ross. 1.882. Gray, Proc. Am.
Acad. 8. 378.

S. longifolia. P1. Bourgeau, 255, in part.

S. Fenzlii. Regel, Fl. Ost-Sib. 1. 399. ;
S. crassifolia. Ehrh. Beitr. 3.60. See syn. in Fenzl, Ledeb. Fl. Ross. 1. 383;
Regel, Fl. Ost-Sib. 1. 883 & 394.— Gray, Manual, 93. Hook. f. Arct. Pl. 288.
Rothr. Alask. 444. Watson, King’s Rep. 5. 417; Pl. Wheel. 6. Porter, Hayd. Rep.
1871, 479; Fl. Col. 18.

S. borealis, var. B. Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am. 1. 95.

% Sagina fontinalis. Short & Peter, Pl. Kentucky, Suppl. in Transylv. Jour.
Med. 28. 600. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1.177. Hat. & Wr. 405.

@ Spergua fontinalis. Dietr. 2. 1597.

S. crispa. Cham. & Schlecht. in Linn. 1. 51. Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am. 1.87. Don,
Mill. 1. 430. Bong. Sitch. 127. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 186 & 675. Eat. & Wr. 443.
Dietr. 2. 1555. Fenzl, Ledeb. Fl. Ross. 1. 382. Aschers. in Flora, 43. 370. Gray,
Proc. Am. Acad. 8. 378. Referred to S. borealis by Hook. f. in Arct. Pl.

S. borealis, var. apetala. Regel, Fl. Ost-Sib. 1. 896, in part.

S. borealis, var. crispa. Torrey, Bot. Wilkes, 245.
S. dicranoides. Fenzl, Ledeb. Fl. Ross. 1.3895. Seem. Bot. Herald, 26, t. 3.
Hook. f. Arct. Pl. 288. Regel, Fl. Ost-Sib. 1. 885 & 423.

Cherleria dicranoides. Cham. & Schlecht. in Linn. 1. 68.. Spreng. Syst. 4. 183.
Don, Mill. 1. 448.

S. humifusa. Rottb. in Act. Hafn. 10. 447, t.4,f14 See syn. in Fenzl, Le-
deb. F]. Ross. 1. 884; Regel, Fl. Ost-Sib. 1. 888 & 398.— Richards. Frankl. Journ.
17. Hook. in Parry’s 2d Voy. 891; Trans. Linn. Soc. 14. 867; Fl. Bor.-Am. 1. 97.
Don, Mill. 1.489. Bong. Sitch. 127. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1.184. Eat. & Wr.
442. Seem. Bot. Herald, 26. Durand, Pl. Kane, 188. Lange, Pl. Gronl. 182.
Hook. f. in Jour. Linn. Soe. 5.82; Arct. Pl. 288. Rothr. Alask. 444. Gray, Man-
ual, 98. Dickie, Jour. Linn. Soc. rr. 33.

Arenaria thymifolia. Pursh, 817. Poir. Suppl. 5. 8. Meyer, Pl. Lab. 91. Eat.
& Wr. 132. Dietr. 2. 1563. 5

A. Purshiana. Seringe, DC. Prodr. 1. 414. Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am. 1. 102. Dietr.
2. 1563.

S. marginata. Cham. & Schlecht. in Linn. 1. 50. Spreng. Syst. 4. 180. Don,
Mill. 1. 480. Dietr. 2. 1555.

112 CARYOPHYLLACEZ. [Stellaria.

S. crassifolia. Cham. & Schlecht. 1. ec.
S. Jamesii. Torrey, Ann. Lyc. N. Y. 2. 169; Pac. R. Rep. 4. 69; Bot. Wilkes,
245. Don, Mill. 1.428. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1.183. Eat. & Wr. 448. Dietr. 2. 1553.
Gray, Proc. Acad. Philad. 1863, 59. Watson, King’s Rep. 5. 88; Pl. Wheel. 6.
Porter, Fl. Col. 18. Rothr. Pl. Wheel. 35.

2 S. graminea. James, Cat. 181.

S. Kingii. Watson, King’s Rep. 5. 39, t.6. Brew. & Wats. Bot. Calif. 1. 68.
S. litoralis. Torrey, Pac. R. Rep. 4. 69. Boland. Cat. 6. Brew. & Wats. lL. ec.

S. longifolia. Muhl.; Willd. Enum. 479. See syn. in Fenzl, Ledeb. Fl. Ross.
1. 392; Koch, Fl. Germ. 103; Regel, Fl. Ost-Sib. 1. 884 & 406.— Muhl. Cat. 46.
Eaton, Manual, 2 ed. 45. Poir. Suppl. 5. 248. DC. Prodr. 1. 400. Torrey, FI.
U.S. 452; Fl. N. Y. 1.97; Bot. Wilkes, 245. Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am. 1.94. Don,
Mill. 1.4531. Bong. Sitch. 126. Bigel. Fl. Bost. 193. Darling. Fl. Cestr. 275.
Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 185. Hook. & Arn. Bot. Beechey, 122. Dietr. 2.1556. Gray,
Genera, 2. 38, t. 113, f.1-5; Am. Jour. Sci. 2. 33. 405; Manual, 92. Seem. Bot.
Herald, 26 & 51. Parry, Pl. Minn. 609. Hook. f. Arct. Pl. 288 & 323. Pl. Bour-
geau, 255, in part. Rothr. Alask. 444.

Spergulastrum gramineum. Michx. Fl. 1.276. Poir. Dict. 7. 808. DC. Prodr.
1. 422. Don, Mill. 1. 448.

Micropetalon gramineum. Persoon, 1. 509. Pursh, 320. Dietr. 2. 1590.

S. graminea. Bigel. Fl. Bost. 1 ed. 110, not Linn. Richards. Frankl. Journ. to.
Spreng. Syst. 2. 894. Cham. & Schlecht. in Linn. 1. 49.

Micropetalon longifolium. Eat. & Wr. 319.

S. longipes. Goldie, Edinb. Phil. Jour. 6.327. See syn. in Fenzl, Ledeb. Fl. Ross.
1. 886; Regel, Fl. Ost-Sib. 1.384 & 414; Hook. f. Arct. Pl. 288 & 323. — DC. Prodr.
1.400. Spreng. Syst. 2. 394. Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am. 1. 95; Lond. Jour. Bot. 6. 75.
Don, Mill. 1.481. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1.186. Eat. & Wr. 448. Dietr. 2. 1556.
Torrey, Nicol. Rep. 146; Bot. Wilkes, 245. Seem. Bot. Herald, 26, 51, 55 & 56.
Engelm. Pr. Upp. Miss. 186. Hook. f. in Jour. Linn. Soc. 1. 116 & 121, & 5. 82.
Dickie, same, 3. 110, & 11. 33. Newberry, Pac. R. Rep. 6. 67. Gray, Proe. Acad.
Philad. 1868, 59; Manual, 92. Pl. Bourgeau, 255 & 262. Rothr. Alask. 444; PI.
Wheel. 35. Anderson, Cat. 118. Watson, King’s Rep. 5. 88. Porter, Hayd. Rep.
1871, 479; FI. Col. 13. Coulter, Hayd. Rep. 1872, 762.

S. glauca. Meyer, Pl. Lab. 93, not With. Schlecht. in Linn. 10. 108. Hook. f.
in Jour. Linn. Soe. r. 116. Lange, Pl. Gronl. 182.

S. crassifolia. Watson, King’s Rep. 5. 38.

S. longifolia. Rothr. Pl. Wheel. 35.

Var. minor. Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am. 1.95. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 186. Durand, Pl.
Kane, 188.
S. palustris. Richards. Frankl. Journ. 10.
S. stricta. Richards. Frankl. 2d Journ. 15. Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am. 1. 96. Don,
Mill. 1. 429. Hook. & Arn. Bot. Beechey, 326. Dietr. 2. 1554.
% Micropetalon gramineum. James, Cat. 181.
S. leta. Torrey, Ann. Lye. N. Y. 2. 169.
S. longipes, var. a. stricta. Regel, Fl. Ost-Sib. 1. 415.
Var. (leeta). Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 185. Durand, Pl. Kane, 188. | Ascherson in
Regensb. Flora, 43. 370. 4
S. leta. Richards. Frankl. Journ. 10. Hook. in Parry’s 2d Voy. 390; FI.
Bor.-Am. 1. 96. Spreng. Syst. 4. 180. Don, Mill. 1.430. Eat. & Wr. 443. Dietr.
2. 1555.

Stellaria.] CARYOPHYLLACE Zs. 113

Var. (Edwardsii). Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1.185. Durand, Pl. Kane, 188.

S. Edwardsii, RB. Br. in Parry’s lst Voy. 271 & 808 (Regensb. Flora, 72, Beil.
78). Richards. Frankl. Journ. 10. Hook. in Parry’s 2d Voy. 390; Trans. Linn.
Soe. 14. 368; Fl. Bor.-Am. 1. 96,t. 31. Torrey, Ann. Lye. N. Y. 2. 170. Cham.
& Schlecht. in Linn. 1. 48. Spreng. Syst. 4.180. Don, Mill. 1. 429. Schlecht. in
Linn. 10. 108. Hook. & Arn. Bot. Beechey, 122. Dietr. 2. 1554. Hornem. FI.
Dan. 18, t. 2290. Lange, Pl. Gronl. 132.

S. nitida. Hook. in Scoresb. Greenl. 411; Lond. Jour. Bot. 6. 74. R. Br. in
Parry’s Ist Voy. 271 (Regensb. Flora, 77, Beil. 79). Cham. & Schlecht. in Linn.
1.47. Spreng. Syst. 4. 180. .Don, Mill. 1.429. Dietr. 2. 1554.

Var. peduncularis. Fenzl, Ledeb. Fl. Ross. 1. 387. Regel, Fl. Ost-Sib. 1. 416.
S. peduncularis. Bunge; Ledeb. Fl. Alt. 2. 887; Icon. Fl. Ross. t. 421.

S. macropetala. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1.184. Hat. & Wr. 448. Dietr. 2. 1553.
Alsine macropetala. Gray, Genera, 2. 34.

S. mepia, Sm. Pursh, 317. Bigel. Fl. Bost. 198. Torrey, Fl. U.S. 452; FI.
N. Y. 1. 97; Mex. Bound. 37. Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am. 1. 94; Jour. Bot. 1. 196.
Schlecht. in Linn. 6. 589. Bong. Sitch. 126. Darling. Fl. Cestr. 274. Torr. &
Gray, Fl. 1.188. Eat. & Wr. 442. Hook. & Arn. Bot. Beechey, 1385. Seem. Bot.
Herald, 51. Lange, Pl. Groénl. 132. Chapman, 50. Hook. f. Arct. Pl. 288. Regel,
Fl. Ost-Sib. 1. 389. Rothr. Alask. 444. Gray, Manual, 92; Proc. Am. Acad. 8. 378.
Boland. Cat. 6. Rohrb. in Mart. Fl. Bras. fase. 56. 276, t. 64, £2:

Holosteum succulentum. Linn. Ameen. 3. 21. Hill, Veg. Syst. 14. 25, t. 17, f. 2.
Willd. Spec. 1. 89. Poir. Suppl. 3.56. Pursh, 90. Rom. & Schult. Syst. 2. 857.
Nutt. Genera, 1.89. DC. Prodr. 1. 398. Torrey, Fl. U.S. 159. Spreng. Syst.
1. 862. Don, Mill. 1.424. Dietr. 1. 415.

Alsine media, Linn. Walter, 117.

S. nitens. Nutt.; Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 185 & 675. Eat. & Wr. 448. Dietr. 2. 1553.
Torrey, Pac. R. Rep. 4. 69; Mex. Bound. 87; Bot. Wilkes, 245. Newberry, Pac.
R. Rep. 6. 67. Cooper, same, 12. 57. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 8. 3878.

S. moenchioides. Fenzl, Ann. Mus. Wien, 1. 18.

S. stricta. Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am. 1. 96, in part.

S. Nuttallii. Torr. & Gray, Fl.1.183. Eat. & Wr. 448. Dietr. 2. 1558. Field-
ing, Sert. Pl. t.18. Gray, Hall’s Pl. Tex. 5.

Alsine Drummondii. Fenzl, Ann. Mus. Wien, t. 18.

Alsine Nuttall. Gray, Genera, 2. 34.

S. prostrata. Baldw.; Elliott, 1.518. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 188. Eat. & Wr.
443. Dietr. 2.1553. Gray, Pl. Lindh. 152; Pl. Wright. 2.17; Hall’s Pl. Tex. 5.
Chapman, 50. Wood, Cl.-Book, 258; Bot. & Fl. 55

S. pubera. Michx. Fl.1. 273. Poir. Dict. 7. 415. Pursh, 317. Nutt. Genera,
1. 289. Elliott, 1.517. Torrey, Fl. U. S. 452. Spreng. Syst. 2. 392. Don, Mill.
1. 428. Darling. Fl. Cestr. 274. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 183. Eat. & Wr. 442.
Dietr. 2. 1553. Chapman, 50. Gray, Manual, 92.

S. ruscifolia. Willd.; Schlecht. in Berl. Mag. 1826, 194. Regel, Fl. Ost-Sib.
1. 885 & 419, with syn.
S. uliginosa. Murr. Comm. Gitt. 1778, 55. See syn. in Fenzl, Ledeb. Fl. Ross.
1. 893; Regel, FI. Ost-Sib. 383 & 400.— Eat. & Wr. 442. Hook. f. Arct. Pl. 288.
Gray, Manual, 92. Matthew, Pl. Acadia, 15.

S. Alsine (uliginosa). Muhl. Cat. 46.

S. aquatica, Poll. Cham. & Schlecht. in Linn. 1. 50. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 186.
Gray, Manual, 1 ed. 62.

8

114 CARYOPHYLLACEZ. [Stellaria. Anychia.
Larbrea uliginosa. Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am. 1. 98. Hook. f. in Jour. Linn. Soe. 1. 116.
2.8. gracilis. Richards. Frankl. Journ. 10. Spreng. Syst. 4.180. Hook. Fl. Bor.-

Am. 1.97. Don, Mill. 1. 480. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 184. Eat. & Wr. 443. Dietr.

2.1555. Aschers. in Regensb. Flora, 43. 370. Referred to S. umbellata by Planchon

in Hook. f. Arct. Pl. 328.

S. borealis. Darling. Fl. Cestr. 274.

S. umbellata. Turcz. Cat. Baic.; Fl. Baic.-Dahur. 1. 236. Fenzl, Ledeb. Fl.

Ross. 1. 894. Hook.f. Arct. Pl. 323. Regel, Fl. Ost-Sib. 1. 883 & 399. Gray, Proc.

Acad. Philad. 18638, 59. Watson, King’s Rep. 5. 88. Porter, Fl. Col. 13.

S. borealis, var. y. Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am. 1. 94.

S. uniflora. Walter, 141. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 184. Eat. & Wr. 443. Chapman,
50. Wood, Cl.-Book, 258; Bot. & Fl. 55.

Arenaria glabra. Elliott, 1. 520, not Michx. Wood, Bot. & FI. 56.

Alsine Walteri. Gray, Genera, 2. 384.

S. alpestris ; borealis. S. graninea; longifolia, Jamesii.

Alsine & aquatica ; uliginosa.

biflora ; Arenaria lateriflora.

borealis ; crassifolia, crispa, uliginosa,
umbellata.

brachypetala & calycantha ; borealis.

cerastioides:; Cerastium trigynum.

crassifolia; borealis, humifusa, lon-
gipes.

Edwardsii ; longipes.

elongata ; Arenaria lanuginosa.

Fenzlii; borealis.

Grenlandica & Labradorica ; Arenaria
Groeenlandica.

leta ; longipes.

lanceolata; borealis.

lanuginosa ; Arenaria lanuginosa.

longifolia ; borealis, longipes.

marginata ; humifusa.

moenchioides ; nitens.

nitida ; longipes.

ovalifolia ; Arenaria physodes.

palustris & peduncularis ; longipes.

glauca ; longipes.
gracilis ; uliginosa.

stricta ; longipes, nitens.

STIPULICIDA setacea. Michx. Fl. 1. 26, t. 6. Poir. Dict. 7. 456. Nutt.
Genera, 1. 29. Elliott, 1.51. DC. Prodr. 3. 375. Don, Mill. 3. 92. Torr. & Gray,
Fl. 1.178. Dietr.1.177. Eat. & Wr. 444. Gray, Genera, 2. 26,t.107. Chap-
man, 47. Wood, Cl.-Book, 262; Bot. & Fl. 57. Young, Fl. Texas, 174.
Polycarpon stipulicidum. Persoon, 1.111. Pursh, 190. Rom. & Schult. Syst.

2. 859. Spreng. Syst. 1. 363.

PARONY CHIE.

ACHYRONYCHIA Cooperi. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 7. 339.

ANYCHIA dichotoma. Michx. Fl. 1. 118. Juss. Ann. Mus. Par. 2.133. Ait.
f. Hort. Kew. 1. 185. Pursh,176. Rom. & Schult. Syst. 5. 523. Torrey, Fl. U.S.
278; Fl. N. Y. 1.105. Spreng. Syst. 1.822. DC. Prodr. 3. 869. Hook. Comp:
Bot. Mag. 1. 46. Don, Mill. 8.88. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1.172. Dietr. 1. 872. Hat.
& Wr. 128. Nutt. Fl. Ark. 166. Gray, Pl. Fendl. 14; Manual, 96. Chapman, 46.

Queria Canadensis. Nutt. Genera, 1.158. James, Long’s Exped. 1.517. Bar-
ton, Comp. Fl. Phil. 1. 74. Bigel. Fl. Bost. 105.

Queria dichotoma. Moench, Meth. 351.

Anychia Canadensis. Elliott, 1. 807. Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am. 1. 226.

Anychia. Paronychia] PARONYCHIEA. 115

Paronychia dichotoma. Fenzl; Walp. Rep. 1. 262.
Paronychia Canadensis. Wood, Cl.-Book, 262.
Var. capillacea. Torrey, ll. cc. Torr. & Gray, l.c. Gray, Genera, 2.20, t. 104.

Queria Canadensis. Linn. Spec. 90. Hill, Veg. Syst. 26, t. 26, f.8. Willd.
Spec. 1. 494; Enum. 137. Orteg. Dec. t.15,f. 2. Poir. Dict. 6.38. Persoon,
1.112. Ait. f. Hort. Kew. 1. 185.

Queria capillacea. Nutt. Genera, 1.159. Barton, Comp. Fl. Phil. 1. 74.

A. capillacea. DC. Prodr. 3. 369. Don, Mill. 3. 88. Dietr. 1. 872. Nutt. FI.
Ark. 166.. Engelm. in Am. Journ. Sci. 2. 46. 95.

PARONYCHIA argyrocoma. Nutt. Genera, 1. 160. Spreng. Syst. 1. 822.
DC. Prodr. 3. 372. Don, Mill. 8.89. Torr. & Gray, Fl.1.171. Dietr. 1. 872.
Eat. & Wr. 848. Gray, Genera, 2. 22, t.105; Manual, 96. - Chapman, 46.

Anychia argyrocoma. Michx. Fl. 1.118. Poir. Suppl. 1. 404. Pursh, 176. Rom.
& Schult. Syst. 5. 528. Elliott, 1. 308, in part.

Queria argyrocoma. EKaton, Manual, 7 ed.
P, Baldwinii. Fenzl; Walp. Rep. 1. 262. Chapman, 46. Wood, Cl.-Book, 262;
Bot. & Fl. 58.

Anychia Baldwintt. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1.172. Eat. & Wr. 128.

P. dichotoma. Nutt. Genera, 1. 159. DC. Prodr. 3. 872. Don, Mill. 3. 89.
Torr. & Gray, Fl.1.171. Dietr. 1.871. Nutt. Fl. Ark. 166. Engelm. & Gray,
‘Pl. Lindh. 33. Gray, Pl. Lindh. 152; Manual, 96. Torrey, Pac. R. Rep. 4. 70.
Chapman, 46.

Achyranthes dichotoma. Linn. Mant. 1.51. Willd. Spec. 1. 1196. Poir. Suppl.
2. 11.

Lllecebrum dichotomum. Pursh, 446.

Anychia argyrocoma. Flliott, 1. 808, in part.

Paronychia Virginica. Spreng. Syst. 1. 822. Dietr. 1. 872.

Plotzia dichotoma. Arn.; Lindl. Nat. Syst. 2 ed. 441.
P. Drummondii. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1.170. Eat. & Wr. 348. Walp. Rep. 1. 261.
Engelm. & Gray, Pl. Lindh. 5. Young, Fl. Tex. 173. Gray, Hall’s Pl. Tex. 5.

P. herniarioides. Nutt. Genera, 1.160. Spreng. Syst. 1. 822. DC. Prodr. 8. 371.
. Don, Mill. 8. 89. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1.171. Dietr. 1. 872. Eat. & Wr. 343. Chap-
man, 46. Wood, Cl.-Book, 262; Bot. & FI. 57.

Anychia herniarioides. Michx. Fl. 1. 113. Poir. Suppl. 1.404. Pursh, 176.
Rom. & Schult. Syst. 5. 528. Elliott, 1. 308.

A. Herniarie. Persoon, 1. 261.
P. Jamesii. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1.170; Pac. R. Rep. 2. 126 & 160. Eat. & Wr. 343.
Walp. Rep.1. 262. Gray, Pl. Fendl. 14; Pl. Wright. 1. 13 & 2.19; Proc. Acad.
Philad. 1868, 58. Hook. in Lond. Jour. Bot. 6. 231. Torrey, Marcy’s Rep. 281 ;
Mex. Bound. 37. Engelm. Pl. Upp. Miss. 186. Porter, Hayd. Rep. 1870, 473; Fl.
Col. 119. Rohrb. in Linn. 27. 212.

P. dichotoma. Torrey, Ann. Lye. N. Y. 2. 290.

Var. depressa. Torr. & Gray, FI. 1. 171.

P. Lindheimeri. Engelm.; Gray, Pl. Lindh. 152; Pl. Wright. 1. 13 & 2. 19.
Walp. Ann. 2.90. Torrey, Mex. Bound. 87.

P. pulvinata. Gray, Am. Jour. Sci. 2. 84. 256; Proce. Acad. Philad. 1868, 58.
Watson, King’s Rep. 5. 298. Porter, Fl. Col. 119.

P. sessiliflora. Nutt. Genera, 1. 160. Spreng. Syst. 1. 821. DC. Prodr. 8. 872.
Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am. 1. 226, t.'75. Don, Mill. 3. 89, f. 22. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 170.

116 PARONYCHIE. [Paronychia. Calandrinia.

Dietr. 1.871. Eat. & Wr. 348. Gray, Pl. Fendl.14. Engelm. Pl. Upp. Miss.
186. Torrey, Pac. R. Rep. 4.70. Pl. Bourgeau, 255. Porter, Hayd. Rep. 1870,
473; 1871, 479.

Queria sessiliflora. Eaton, Manual, 7 ed.

P. setacea. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1.170. Eat. & Wr. 343. Walp. Rep. 1. 261. En-
gelm. & Gray, Pl. Lindh. 5. Gray, same, 152; Hall’s Pl. Tex. 5.
PENTACZ:NA ramosissima. Hook. & Arn.; Hook. Bot. Mise. 3. 338, with
syn. Walp. Rep. 1. 261. Gay, Fl. Chili, 2.523. Torrey, Bot. Wilkes, 247.

Leflingia ramosissima. _Weinm. in Regensb. Flora, 1820, 608. Rom. & Schult.
Syst. Mant. 1. 835.

Paronychia ramosissima. DDC. Mem. Paronych. 12, t=. 4; Prodr. 8. 872. Torr. &
Gray, Fl.1.172. Eat. & Wr. 348. Torrey, Pac. R. Rep. 4. 70; Mex. Bound. 37.
Cooper, Pac. R. Rep. 12. 56. Boland. Cat. 6.

Pentaceena polycnemoides. Bartl. in Presl, Rel. Haenk. 2. 5, t. 49, £1.

Acanthonychia ramosissima. Rohrb. in Mart. Fl. Bras. fase. 56. 249, t. 56.
SCLERANTHUS aynuvs, Linn. Bigel. Fl. Bost. 188. Pursh, 315. Torrey,
Fl. U. S. 448; Fl. N. Y. 1. 108. Gray, Genera, 2. 16, t 102; Manual, 96.
SIPHONYCHIA Americana. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 173. Eat. & Wr. 429.
Gray, Genera, 2. 18, t. 103. Chapman, 47. Wood, Cl.-Book, 263; Bot. & Fl. 58.
Young, Fl. Tex. 174.

Herniaria Americana. Nutt. in Am. Jour. Sci. 5. 291, excl. syn. DC. Prodr.
8. 868. Don, Mill. 3. 87.

Paronychia Americana. Fenzl; Walp. Rep. 1. 262.

P. urceolata. Shuttlw. in Herb.

S. diffusa. Chapman, 47. Wood, Bot. & FI. 58.
S. erecta. Chapman, 47. Wood, Bot. & FI. 58.

S. Rugelii. Chapman, 47. Wood, Bot. & FI. 58.
Paronychia Rugelui. Shuttlw. in Herb.

PORTULACACEA.

CALANDRINIA Breweri. Watson, Proc. Am. Acad. 11. 124. Brew. & Wats.
Bot. Calif. 1. 74.

C. Menziesii, var. macrocarpa. Gray, Proc. Calif. Acad. 3. 102.
C. maritima. Nutt.; Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1.197. Eat. & Wr. 164. Walp. Rep.
2.255. ‘Torrey, Mex. Bound. 37. Brew. & Wats. 1. c. 75.
C. Menziesii. Hook. ; Torr. & Gray, l. ce. Hook. & Arn. Bot. Beechey, 344. Eat.
& Wr. 164. Walp.l.c. Torrey, Pac. R. Rep. 4. 70 & 7.8; Mex. Bound. 37; Bot.
Wilkes, 248. Newberry, Pac. R. Rep. 6. 68. Cooper, same, 12. 57. Gray, Proc.
Bost. Soe. 7. 146. Boland. Cat. 6. Watson, lc. 113. Brew. & Wats. I. c. 74.

Talinum Menziesti. Hook. Fl. 1. 223, t. 70. Don, Mill. 2. 77. Dietr. 5. 23.

C. speciosa. Lindl. Bot. Reg. 19,t.1598. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1.197. Eat. &
Wr. 164. Wood, Bot. & FI. 59.

C. elegans. Spach, Hist. Veg. 5. 232.

C. pulchella. Lilja in Linn. 17. tog.
C. Nevadensis. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 8. 623. Brew. & Wats. 1. c. 75.

Talinum pygmeum. Watson, King’s Rep. 5. 42, in part.
C. pygmeea. Gray,l.c. Porter, Fl. Col. 14. Brew. & Wats. 1. ¢.

Talinum pygmeum. Gray, Am. Journ. Sci. 2. 33. 407 (Bull. Bot. Soc. France,

Calyptridium. Claytonia] PORTULACACE®. 117

9. 679); Proc. Acad. Philad. 1863, 59; Proc. Am. Acad. 7. 332. Watson, King’s
Rep. 5. 42, in part. Coulter, Hayd. Rep. 1872, 762. Rothr. Pl. Wheel. 35.
CALYPTRIDIUM monandrum. Nutt.; Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 198. Fenzl,
Ann. Mus. Wien, 2. 298. Eat. & Wr. 167. Walp. Rep. 5. 787. Gray, Ives’s
Rep. 8.

C. roseum. Watson, King’s Rep. 5. 44, t.6. Parry, Amer. Naturalist, 8. ro.

CLAYTONIA acutifolia. Willd.; Rom. & Schult. Syst. 5. 436, not Ledeb. FI.
Alt. Fenzl, Ledeb. Fl. Ross. 3. 147, with syn. Cham. in Linn. 6. 560.
C. arctica. Adams, Mem. Soc. Mose. 5. 94. DC. Prodr. 3. 861. Cham. in Linn.
6. 559. Fenzl, Ledeb. Fl. Ross. 3. 148. Trautv. Pl. Middend. 46, with syn. Gray,
Am. Jour. Sci. 2. 33. 407. Hook. f. Arct. Pl. 291 & 328, referring it with C. sarmen-
tosa to C. lanceolata.

C. Jounneana. Rom. & Schult. Syst. 5. 434. Fenzl, Ledeb. Fl. Ross. 3. 148.

C. acutifolia. Ledeb. Fl. Alt. 1. 253; Icon. t. 272.
C. Caroliniana. Michx. Fl. 1.160. Persoon, 1. 253. Poir. Suppl. 2. 295. Ait.
f. Hort. Kew. 2. 58. Haw. Syn. Pl. Suce. 11. Rom. & Schult. Syst. 5. 438. Elliott,
1. 807. Spreng. Syst. 1.791. Sweet, Brit. Fl. Gard. t.208. Don, Mill. 2. 81.
Spach, Hist. Veg. 5. 236. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1.199. Eat. & Wr. 199. Walp. Rep.
2.237. Torrey, Fl. N. Y.1.110. Chapman, 44. Gray, Manual, 98. Matthew,
Pl. Acadia. 20.

C. Virginica, var. latifolia. Solander in Ait. Hort. Kew. 1.284% Willd. Spec.
1,1185. Torrey, Fl. U. S. 1.259. Eat. & Wr. 198.

C. spatulefolia. Salisb. Parad. Lond. 2, t. 71. Ait. f. Hort. Kew. 2.53. Pursh,
175. Poir. Suppl. 5. 622. Nutt. Genera, 1. 152.

C. Virginica, var. spathulefolia. DC. Prodr. 3. 861. Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am. 1. 224.

C. spatulata.. Eaton, Manual, 4 ed. Bigel. Fl. Bost. 2 ed. 98.

Var. sessilifolia. Torrey, Pac. R. Rep. 4.70; Bot. Wilkes, 248. Watson, PI.
Wheeler, 6. Brew. & Wats. Bot. Calif. 1. 76. :

- ©. lanceolata. Pursh, 175, t. 3, mostly. Poir. Suppl. 5. 622. Roem. & Schult.
Syst. 5. 433. DC. Prodr. 3. 361. Spreng. Syst. 1. 791. Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am. 1. 224;
Lond. Jour. Bot. 6. 229. Don, Mill. 8. 81. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1.199. Dietr. 1. 812.
Eat. & Wr. 199. Fenzl, Ledeb. Fl. Ross. 2. 147. Gray, Ives’s Rep. 7; Am. Jour.
Sci. 2. 33. 406. Hook. f. Arct. Pl. 291 & 328.

2 C. alsinoides. James, Cat. 177.

C. Caroliniana. Gray, Am. Jour. Sci. 2. 33. 407.

C. Caroliniana, var. lanceolata. Watson, King’s Rep. 5. 42. Porter, Hayd. Rep.
1871, 479; Fl. Col. 14. Coulter, Hayd. Rep. 1872, 763.

C. Chamissonis. Esch.; Spreng. Syst. 1.790. Cham. & Schlecht. in Linn. 6. 562.
Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1.676. Walp. Rep. 2. 237. Fenzl, Ledeb. Fl. Ross. 2. 151.
Hook. in Lond. Jour. Bot. 6. 280. Cooper, Pac. R. Rep. 12. 57. Gray, Proc. Acad.
Philad. 1863, 59; Proc. Am. Acad. 8. 378. Rothr. Alask. 446. Watson, King’s
Rep. 5. 48. Porter, Hayd. Rep. 1871, 4793 Fl. Col. 15. Coulter, Hayd. Rep. 1872,
762. Torrey, Bot. Wilkes, 249.

C. stolonifera. C. A. Meyer, Mem. Soc. Mose. 7. 139, t. 3. Don, Mill. 8. 82.

C. aquatica. Nutt.; Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1.201. Eat. & Wr. 199. Walp. Rep.
2. 238. Boland. Cat. 6.

C. flagellaris. Bong. Sitch. 137 (Presl, Repert. Bot. 1. 314). Torr. & Gray, Fl.
1.201. Eat. & Wr.199. Walp. Rep 2.238. Fenzl, Ledeb. Fl. Ross. 2. 149.
Rothr. Alask. 446.

Var. tenerrima. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 8. 378.

twee 2
Qo ss “

118 PORTULACACE2. [Claytonia.

C. dichotoma. Nutt.; Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 202. Eat. & Wr.199. Walp. Rep.
2. 238. . Gray, Pl. Fendl. 14. Cooper, Pac. R. Rep. 12. 57.

C. diffusa. Nutt.; Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 202. Eat. & Wr. 199. Walp. Rep. 2. 238.
Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 8. 378. Brew. & Wats. Bot. Calif. 1. 76.

C. exigua. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1.200. Eat. & Wr. 199. Walp. Rep. 2.237. Gray,
Pl. Fendl. 14. Boland. Cat. 6.

C. tenuifolia. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1.201. Hook. & Arn. Bot. Beechey, 344. Eat.
& Wr. 199. Walp. Rep. 2. 238. Torrey, Pac. R. Rep. 4. 71.

C. spathulata, var. Hook. & Arn. Bot. Beechey, 544.

C. perfoliata, var. exigua. ‘Torrey, Pac. R. Rep. 4.71. Brew. & Wats. 1. ¢.

C. linearis. Dougl.; Hook. Fl. Bor-Am. 1. 222, t.'71; Lond. Journ. Bot. 6. 230.
Don, Mill. 3.82, f 20. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 202. Eat. & Wr. 199. Walp. Rep:
2.238. Torrey, Pac. R. Rep. 4. 71; Bot. Wilkes, 249. Boland. Cat. 6. Coulter,
Hayd. Rep. 1872, 762. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 8.378. Brew. & Wats. l. c.

@ C. spathulata. Hook. in Lond. Journ. Bot. 6. 2
C. megarrhiza. Parry, in Herb. Gray.

C. arctica, var. (?) megarrhiza. Gray, Am. Journ. Sci. 2. 33. 406; Proc. Acad.
Philad. 1863, 59. Walp. Ann. 7. 320. Watson, King’s Rep. 5. 43. Porter, Fl. Col.
15. Rothr. Pl. Wheel. 35.

C. Nevadensis. Watson, Bot. Calif. 1. 77.

C. parvifolia. Mo¢.; DC. Prodr. 8. 861. Don, Mill. 8. 82. Dietr. 1. 821. . Torr.
& Gray, Fl. 1.201. Eat. &© Wr. 199. Walp. Rep. 2. 238. Newberry, Pac. R. Rep.
6. 68. Cooper, same, 12. 57. Boland. Cat. 6. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 8. 878.
Torrey, Bot. Wilkes, 249.

C. filicaulis. Dougl.; Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am. 1. 222, t. 72. Don, Mill. 3. 82.

C. perfoliata. Donn, Ind. Hort. Cantab. 4 ed. 50. Willd. Spee. 1. 1186; Enum.
268. “Jacq. Fragm. t. 51.” Persoon, 1. 253. Sims, Bot. Mag. t. 1336. Poir.
Suppl. 2. 294. Ait. f. Hort. Kew. 2. 54. DC. Cat. Monsp. 97; Prodr. 3. 360.
Pursh, 176. Rim. & Schult. Syst. 5. 435. Spreng. Syst. 1. 791. Hook. FI. Bor.-
Am. 1. 225; Lond. Jour. Bot. 6. 230. Don, Mill. 3. 81. Spach, Hist. Veg. 5. 234.
Fisch. & Mey. Ind. Sem. Petr. 3. 82 (Linn. Litt.-Ber. 1888, 92). Torr. & Gray, FI.
1. 200: Dietr. 1.821. Eat. & Wr. 199. Belg. Hortic. 1, t.58. Torrey, Pac. R.
Rep. 4. 70 & 7.8; Mex. Bound. 38; Bot. Wilkes, 248. Newberry, Pac. R. Rep.
6.68. Cooper, same, 12. 57. Gray, Ives’s Rep. 7; Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist. Teale
Boland. Cat. 6. Anderson, Cat. 118. Watson, King’s Rep. 5. 48. Porter, Hayd.
Rep. 1871, 479. Coulter, same, 1872, 762.

C. Cubensis. Bonpl. in Ann. Mus. 7. 82, t. 6; Pl. 2quin. t. 26.

Linnia perfoliata. Haw. Suce. Syn. 12.

Var. parviflora. Torrey, Pac. R. Rep. 4.71; Mex. Bound. 38. Gray, Proc. Am.

Acad. 8. 378.

©. parviflora. Dougl.; Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am. 1. 225, t. 73. Don, Mill. 3. 81,
f.19. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 200. Eat. & Wr. 198. Walp. Rep. 2. 237. Cooper,
LEPKGh IR IN|), 1s Lyi

C. qypsophiloides. Fisch. & Mey. Ind. Sem. Petr. 2. 8 (Hook. Comp. Bot. Mag.
2.7; Linn. Litt.-Ber. 1837, 101; Ann. Sci. Nat. 2. 5. 187). Don, Sweet’s Brit. Fl.
Gard. 2 ser. t.375. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 200. Eat. & Wr. 199. Walp. Rep.
2. 238. Regel, Sert. Petr. t. 34.

Var. (spathulata). Torrey, Pac. R. Rep. 4. 71. Brew. & Wats. 1. ec.
C. spathulata. Dougl.; Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am. 1. 225, t. 74. Don, Mill. 3. 81.

|

Claytonia.] PORTULACACES. 119

Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1.200. Eat. & Wr. 199. Walp. Rep. 2. 237. Gray, Pl. Fendl.
14. Cooper, Pac. R. Rep. 12. 57.

C. sarmentosa. C. A. eee Mem. Soc. Mose. 7. 187, t.3. Don, Mill. 3. 81.
Fenzl, Ledeb. Fl. Ross. 2. 149. Seem. Bot. Herald, 27, t. 5. Rothr. Alask. 446.
Referred with C. arctica to C. lanceolata by Hook. f. Arct. Pl. 328.

C. Chamissoi. DC. Prodr. 3. 861. Dietr. 1. 821.

C. arctica, vars. Cham. & Esch. in Linn. 6, 559.

C. Vestiana. Fisch.; Don, Mill. 8. 82.

C. lanceolata. Hook. & Arn. Bot. Beechey, 123 & 344.

20. Virginica. Hook. & Arn. 1. c. 128.

C. Sibirica. Linn. Spec. 204. See syn. in Fenzl, Ledeb. Fl. Ross. 2. 149, — Sims,
Bot. Mag. t. 2243. Sweet, Brit. Fl. Gard.t.16. Rom. & Schult. Syst. 5. 436.
DC. Prodr. 3.361. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1.676. Gray, Am. Jour, Sci. 2. 83. 407;
Proc. Am. Acad. 8. 378. Rothr. Alask. 446. Boland. Cat. 6.

C. alsinoides. Sims, Bot. Mag. t. 1309. Pursh, 175. Poir. Suppl. 5. 622.
Rom. & Schult. Syst. 5. 484. Spreng. Syst. 1. 790. DC. Prodr. 8. 860. Hook. Fl.
Bor.-Am. 1. 225; Lond. Jour. Bot. 6. 230. Bong. Sitch. 186. Cham. in Linn.
6. 559. Don, Mill. 3.81. Spach, Hist. Veg. 5.285. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 199 &
676. Dietr. 1.812. Eat. & Wr. 199. Walp. Rep. 2. 237. “Baxter, Brit. Bot. 4,
t. 253.” CC. A. Meyer, Ind. Sem. Petr. 11. 54. Paxton, Fl. Gard. 3. 91, f. 296.
Torrey, Pac. R. Rep. 4. 70; Bot. Wilkes, 249. Newberry, Pac. R. oo 6. 67.
Cooper, same, 12. 57.

Limnia Sibirica & alsinoides. Haw. Syn. Pl. Suce. 11.

©. Unalaschkensis. Fisch.; Rom. & Schult. Syst. 5.484. DC. Prodr. 8. 361.
Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am. 1. 225. Don, Mill. 3. 81. Dietr. 1. 812.

2 CO. asarifolia. Bong. Sitch. 137 (Presl, Repert. Bot. 1. 814). Torr. & Gray, FI.
1. 200. Eat. & Wr. 198. Walp. Rep. 2. 237. Fenzl, Ledeb. Fl. Ross. 2. 150.

.
C. umbellata. Watson, King’s Rep. 5. 43, t. 6.
C. Virginica. Linn. Spec. 204. Hill, Veg. Syst. 14, t.9, f. 1. Lam. Dict. 2. 40;

Til. t.144,f.1. Ait. Hort. Kew. 1. 284. Schkuhr, Handb. t.50. Willd. Spec.
= 1185. Michx. Fl. 1. 160. “Persoon, 1. 258. Sims, Bot. Mag. t.941. Haw. Syn.

. Suce. 11. Pursh, 175. Bigel. Fl. Bost. 104. Turpin, Dict. Sci. Nat. 9. 380,
Hae Rom. & Schult. re 5.483. “Tratt. Thes. Bot. t.17.’ Lodd. Bot. Cab.
t. 643. Barton, Fl. N. Am. 2. 43, t. 51. Eliott, 1.306. Torrey, Fl. U. S. 259;
Fl. N. Y. 1. 110; Nicol. Rep. 146. Maund, Bot. Gard. 3,t. 138. Spreng. Syst.
ele: Brod. 3. 361, in part. Hoole: El. BarosGn: 1. 224, in part. Sweet,
Brit. Fl. Gard. 2 ser. t. 163. Don, Mill. oat Dietr. 1.821. Torr. & Gray, FI. -
1.198. Hat. & Wr. 198. Walp. Rep. 2. 237. Nees, Pl. Wied. 9. Gray, Genera,
1. 224, t. 97; Struct. Bot. 397, f£. 730-736 ; ae Acad. Philad. 1863, 59; Manual,
98. Seem. Bot. Herald, 27. Parry, Pl. Minn. 610. Engelm. Pl. Upp. Miss. 186.
Chapman, 44. Rothr. Alask. 446. Traill, Canad. Fl. 84, t. 10.

C. grandiflora. Sweet, Brit. Fl. Gard. 2 ser. t. 216. Don, Mill. 8.81. Spach,
Hist. Veg. 5. 226.

C. Simsii. Sweet, 1. c. under t. 216.

C. acutiflora. Sweet, Hort. Brit. 2 ed. Don, Mill. 3.81. Spach, Hist. Veg.
5. 225, t. 37, f. 3.

C. acutiflora ; Virginica. C. aquatica ; Chamissonis.
acutifolia ; arctica. arctica ; megarrhiza, sarmentosa.

alsinoides ; Caroliniana, Sibirica. asarifolia ; Sibirica.

120 PORTULACACE2. [Claytonia. Portulaca.

C. Chamissoi ; sarmentosa. | C. perfoliata; exigua.
Cubensis ; perfoliata. Simsti ; Virginica.
Jilicaulis ; parvifolia. spathulefolia ; Caroliniana.
Jlagellaris ; Chamissonis. spathulata ; Caroliniana, exigua, line- -
grandiflora ; Virginica. aris, perfoliata.
gypsophiloides ; perfoliata. stolonifera ; Chamissonis.
Joanneana ; arctica. tenuifolia ; exigua.
lanceolata ; arctica, Caroliniana, sar- | Unalaschkensis ; Sibirica.
mentosa. Vestiana ; sarmentosa.
parviflora ; perfoliata. Virginica; Caroliniana.

LEWISIA brachycalyx. Engelm.; Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 7. 400. Watson,
King’s Rep. 5.45. Parry, Amer. Naturalist, 9. 201. Brew. & Wats. Bot. Calif.
1. 79.

L. rediviva. Pursh, 368. Poir. Suppl. 5.719. Nutt. Genera, 2.13; Jour. Acad.
Philad. 7. 28, t.2. Spreng. Syst. 2.459. Hook. Bot. Misc. 1, 345, t. 70; FI. Bor.-
Am. 1. 223; Lond. Jour. Bot. 6. 229. Don, Mill. 3.77. Fenzl, Ann. Mus. Wien,
2. 301. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 677; Pac. R. Rep. 2. 119. Hook. & Am. Bot.
Beechey, 344, t. 86. Eat. & Wr. 298. Dietr. 8.28. Walp. Rep. 5. 790. Geyer,
Lond. Jour. Bot. 5. 806. Durand, Fl. Utah. 160. Torrey, Pac. R. Rep. 4. 71;
Bot. Wilkes, 250. Gray, Ives’s Rep. 8; Proc. Am. Acad. 7. 400. Hook. f. Bot.
Mag. t.5395. Boland. Cat. 7. Watson, King’s Rep. 5. 44; Pl. Wheel. 6. Por-
ter, Hayd. Rep. 1871, 479. Coulter, same, 1872, 762. Dombrain, Flor. Mag. t. 82.
L. alba. Kellogg, Trans. Calif. Acad. 2. 115, f. 36.

MONTIA fontana. Linn. Spec. 87. See syn. in DC. Prodr. 8. 862; Fenzl,
Ledeb. Fl. Ross. 2. 152. — Bong. Sitch. 186. Cham. in Linn. 6. 565, t. 7, f.1. Don,
Mill. 38. 82. Torr. & Gray, FI. 1. 202 & 677. Eat. & Wr. 323. Seem. Bot. Herald,
28. Torrey, Pac. R. Rep. 4. 71. Hook. f. Arct. Pl. 291 & 828. Rothr. Alask. 446.
Boland. Cat. 6.
M. rivularis, Gmel. Lange, Pl. Grénl. 131. Aschers. in Regensb. Flora, 43. 370.
M. lamprosperma, Cham. in Linn. 6. 565, t. 7, f. 2.

PORTULACA lanceolata. Engelm.in Gray, Pl. Lindh. 154. Gray, Pl. Wright.
2.19. Walp. Amn. 2. 661. Schlecht. Bot. Zeit. 11. 741. Torrey, Mex. Bound. 38.

P. overacea, Linn. Walter, 144. Pursh, 365. Bivel. Fl. Bost. 199. Nutt. Gen-
era, 2.6. Elliott, 1.654. James, Cat. 182; Long’s Exped. 2.179. Torrey, Ann.
Lyc. N. Y. 2. 102; Compend. 216; Fl. N. Y.1. 109; Emory’s Rep. 137 & 406; Sitgr.
Rep. 156; Bot. Wilkes, 248. Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am. 1. 222. Darling. Fl. Cestr. 314.
Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1.196. Eat. & Wr. 871. Gray, Genera, 1. 228, t. 99; Pl. Fendl.
14; Manual, 98. Walp. Ann. 2. 261. Engelm. in Gray, Pl. Lindh. 155; Pl. Upp.
Miss. 186. Seem. Bot. Herald, 270. Parry, Pl. Minn. 609. Chapman, 44. Hay-
den, Proc. Am. Phil. Soc. 10. 815. Watson, King’s Rep. 5. 42. Porter, Fl. Col. 15.
Rothr. Pl. Wheel. 35.

P. sativa. James, Long’s Exped. 1. 317.

¢ P. consanguinea. Schlecht. in Linn. 24. 693; Bot. Zeit. 11. 741.

P. pilosa. ~ Linn. Spec. 445. See syn. in Lindl. Bot. Reg. t. 792; DC. Prodr.
3. 3854; Rohrb. in Mart. Fl. Bras. fasc. 56. 308. — Torrey, Ann. Lye. N. Y. 2. 202;
Pac. R. Rep. 4. 70; Mex. Bound. 38. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1.196. Eat. & Wr. 871.
Engelm. in Gray, Pl. Lindh. 155. Gray, Pl. Fendl. 14; Pl. Wright. 1. 13 & 2. 20.
Walp. Ann. 2. 661. Seem. Bot. Herald, 270. Griseb. Fl. Brit. W. Ind. 57. Chap-
man, 44. A. H. Smith, Proc. Acad. Philad. 1867, 18.

|

Portulaca. Fouquiera.] TAMARISCINE®. 120

P. retusa. Engelm. in Gray, Pl. Lindh. 154. Gray, Pl. Wright. 1. 13 & 2. 19;
Ives’s Rep. 7. Walp. Ann. 2. 660. Schlecht. Bot. Zeit. 11.7389. Torrey, Pac.
R. Rep. 4. 70.
SPRAGUEA paniculata. Kellogg, Proc. Calif. Acad. 2. 187, f.56. Watson,
King’s Rep. 5. 44.
S. umbellata. Torrey, Pl. Frem. 4, t.1 (Regensb. Flora, 86. 704); Mex. Bound.
87. Durand, Pl. Pratten. 84. Torr. & Gray, Pac. R. Rep. 2.119. Newberry,
’ same, 6.68. Cooper, same, 12.51. Walp. Ann. 5.8. Hook. Bot. Mag. t. 5143.
Lemaire, Ill. Hort. 7, Mise. 6. Boland. Cat. 7. Anderson, Cat. 118. Watson,
King’s Rep. 5. 44. Porter, Hayd. Rep. 1871, 479. Coulter, same, 1872, 762. Gray,
Proc. Am. Acad. 8. 378.
TALINOPSIS frutescens. Gray, Pl. Wright. 1. 14, t.3. Walp. Ann. 5. 7.
Torrey, Mex. Bound. 37.
TALINUM aurantiacum. Engelm. in Gray, Pl. Lindh. 153. Gray, Pl. Wright.
1.14 &2.20. Walp. Ann. 2.661&5.8. Torrey, Sitgr. Rep. 175; Pac. R. Rep.
7.8; Mex. Bound. 387.

Talinum, n. sp. Engelm. in Wisliz. Rep. 12.
T. brevifolium. Torrey, Sitgr. Rep. 156 (Regensb. Flora, 38. 861; Bonplandia,
8. 95).
T. calycinum. Engelm. in Wisliz. Rep.4. Gray, Pl. Lindh. 154; Pl. Fendl. 14.
Walp. Ann. 2. 661.
T. parviflorum. Nutt.; Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1.197. Eat. & Wr. 448. Dietr. 3. 22.
Torrey, Frem. Rep. 88; Mex. Bound. 37. Gray, Pl. Lindh. 154; Pl. Fendl. 14; Pl.
Wright. 2. 20; Proc. Acad. Philad, 1868, 59. Parry, Pl. Minn. 609. Engelm. PL.
Upp. Miss. 186.

Talinum, n. sp. Nutt.; Torrey, Ann. Lyc. N. Y. 2. 202.
T. reflexum. Cav. Icon. 1, t.1. See syn. in DC. Prodr. 3. 857. — Sims, Bot. Mag.
t.1543. Gray, Pl. Wright. 2. 20. Torrey, Mex. Bound. 37.

T. patens, var. Willd. Spec. 2. 868. Rohrb. in Mart. Fl. Bras. fase. 56. 296.

T. spathulatum. Engelm. in Gray, Pl. Wright. 1.14. Walp. Amn. 5. 7.

T. sarmentosum. Engelm. in Gray, Pl. Lindh. 153. Gray, Pl. Wright. 1. 14,
Walp: Ann. 2. 661. ;
T. spinescens. Torrey, Bot. Wilkes, 250.

T. teretifolium. Pursh, 365. Nutt. Genera, 2.6. Elliott, 1. 585. Lodd. Cab.
t. 819. Darling. Fl. Cestr. 56, t.3. Spreng. Syst. 2. 453. Torrey, Compend.
216. DC. Prodr. 3. 356. Don, Mill. 3.76. Spach, Hist. Veg. 5.228. Torr. &
Gray, Fl. 1.196. Eat. & Wr. 448. Dietr. 3. 23. Gray, Pl. Lindh. 154; Genera,
1. 226, t. 98 ; Proc. Acad. Philad. 1863, 59; Manual, 98. Torrey, Marcy’s Rep. 281.
Chapman, 44. Porter, Fl. Col. 14.

Phemeranthus teretifolius. Raf. Specch. 1. 86.

TL. ciliatum. Walp. Rep. 2. 984.

TAMARISCINE.

FOUQUIEBRA formosa. HBK. Nov. Gen. 6. 81, t.527. Spreng. Syst. 2. 568.
DC. Prodr. 3. 349. Engelm. Wisliz. Rep. 14. Gray, Pl. Wright. 1. 76 & 2. 63.
Walp. Ann. 3. 828. Torrey, Sitgr. Rep. 165.

Philateria horrida. Liebm. in Dansk. Vidensk. Selsk. Skrift. 5. 2. 283, & t.

122 TAMARISCINEZ. [Fouquiera. Ascyrum.

F. spinosa. HBK. Nov. Gen. 8.452. Engelm. Wisliz. Rep. 14. Gray, Pl. Wright.
1.76; Pl. Thurb. 303; Proc. Am. Acad. 5. 158. Torrey, Sitgr. Rep. 165. Walp.
Ann. 3. 828. Benth. & Hook. Genera, 162.

Bronnia spinosa. HBK. Nov. Gen. 6. 83, t. 528. DC. Prodr. 3. 850. Benth.
Bot. Sulph. 16.

Cantua spinosa. Willd.; Rom. & Schult. Syst. 4. 369.

? Idria columnaria. Kellogg, Proc. Calif. Acad. 2. 34.

F. splendens. Engelm. Wisliz. Rep. 14 & 29. Gray, Pl. Wright. 1. 76 & 2. 63; .

Pl. Thurb. 301; Ives’s Rep. 23. Walp. Ann. 8. 828. Torrey, Sitgr. Rep. 165; Pac.
R. Rep. 5. 363 & 7. 11; Mex. Bound. 148. Watson, Pl. Wheel. 6.
EF. spinosa. Torrey, Emory’s Rep. 147, t. 8.

ELATINE.

ELATINE Americana. Arnott in Edinb. Journ. Sci. 1. 430. Torr. & Gray, Fl.
1. 203. Fenzl, Denkschr. Regensb. 3.182. Torrey, Fl. N. Y. 1.91; Mex. Bound.
36. Gray, Genera, 1. 220, t.95; Pl. Wright. 1.12 & 2.17; Manual, 87; Proc. Am.
Acad. 8. 377. Watson, King’s Rep. 5. 45. Porter, Fl. Col. 15. Rothr. Pl. Wheel.
35. Brew. & Wats. Bot. Calif. 1. 80.

Peplis Americana. Pursh, 238. Poir. Suppl. 5. 778. Nutt. Genera, 1. 228.
Bigel. Fl. Bost. 5 ed. 12.

Crypta minima. Nutt. in Journ. Acad. Philad. 1. 117, t. 6, f. 1 (Litt-Ber. zu
Linnea, 1828, 163); Genera, 2. Appx. Barton, Comp. Fl. Phil. 1.17. Roem. &

Schult. Syst. Mant. 1. 282. Torrey, Fl. U.S. 1. 32. Spreng. Syst. 1.124, Dietr.-

1.124. Hat. & Wr. 214.

¢ Leptrina autumnalis. Raf. Journ. Phys. 1819, 96. DC. Prodr. 3. 862. Torr. &
Gray, Fl. 1.196. Fisch. & Mey. in Linn. 10.78. Don, Mill. 3.83. Fenzl, Ann.
Mus. Wien, 2. 299.

Elatine minima. Fisch. & Mey. in Linn. 10. 73. Seubert, Mon. Elat. 41, t. 2, £9
(Walp. Rep. 1. 283). Walp. Rep. 5. 83. Muell. Pl. Indig. Vict. 1. 195.

E. Clintomana. Peck, Rep. N. Y. State Univ. 22. 52. Wood, Bot. & FI. 51.
BERGIA Texana. Seub.; Walp. Rep. 1. 285. Benth. & Hook. Genera, 1. 163.
Watson, King’s Rep. 5. 45. Gray, Hall’s Pl. Tex. 5.

Merimea (7) Texana. Hook. Icon. t. 278.

Elatine Terana. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1.678. Fenzl, Regensb. Denkschr. 8. 183.
Gray, Pl. Lindh. 187; Genera, 1. 218, t. 96; Pl. Wright. 1. 12.

Bergella Texana. Schnizl. Icon. t. 219, f.1, 2 & 26.

HYPERICACE A.

ASCYRUM amplexicaule. Michx. Fl. 2. 77. Persoon, 2.81. Poir. Suppl.
1.481. Pursh, 874. Chois. in DC. Prodr. 1. 555. Elliott, 2. 23. Spreng. Syst.
8. 851. Don, Mill. 1. 618. Hook. Jour. Bot. 1. 199. Spach, Ann. Sci. Nat. 2. 5. 368;
Hist. Veg. 5.457. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1.157. Eat. & Wr. 140. Dietr. 4. 1289.
Chapman, 89. Wood, Cl.-Book, 247; Bot. & Fl. 49.

Hypericum tetrapetalum. am. Dict. 4. 158.

A. stans. Willd. Spec. 8. 1478.

A. stans, var. 8. Chois. Prodr. Hyper. 61.

or

©}

Ascyrum. Elodes.] HYPERICACE. 123

A. Crux-Andrez. Linn. Spec. 2 ed. 1107, not 1 ed. fide Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 672.
Hill, Veg. Syst. 12, t. 34, f£ 1,&15, t.9,f1. Lam. Dict. 1.285. Walter, 191.
Ait. Hort. Kew. 8. 109. Willd. Spee. 3. 1472. Persoon, 2. 81. Pursh, 3878.
Chois. Prodr. Hyper. 61; DC. Prodr. 1. 555. Elliott, 2. 22. Torrey, Compend. 219.
Spreng: Syst. 8. 851. Don, Mill. 1. 662. Hook. Jour. Bot. 1.199. Spach, 1. c. 368.
Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 156. Eat. & Wr. 189. Dietr. 4. 1239. Chapman, 88. Lesqx.
Fl. Ark. 350. Gray, Manual, 83; Hall’s Pl. Tex. 5.

A, helianthemifolium, linifolium, oblongifolium & spathulatum. Spach, Ann. Sci. Nat.
2. 5. 308; Hist. Veg. 5. 460.

A. Plumieri. Bertol. Bot. Mise. 18. 19, t. 3, £3 (Bot. Zeit. 14. 118), fide Gray,
Am. Jour. Sci. 2. 20. 279.

Var. angustifolium. Nutt. Genera, 2.16. Chois. in DC. Prodr. 1. 555, Torr.

& Gray, Fl. 1.156. Eat. & Wr. 189.

A. multicaule. Michx.; Willd. Spec. 8. 1472. Michx. Fl. 2. 77. Persoon, 2. 81.
Poir. Suppl. 1. 480. Spreng. Syst. 8. 852. Don, Mill. 1. 618.

A. hypericoides. Linn. Spec. 788, in part, not of 2d ed. Ait. f. Hort. Kew.
4, 430, in part.

A. Michauxii. Spach, ll. ce.
A. hypericoides. Linn. Spec. 788, in part, & 2 ed. 1108, mostly. Chois. in DC.
Prodr. 1. 555. Griseb. Fl. Brit. W. Ind. 112.

A. microsepalum. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1.157. Eat. & Wr. 140. Dietr. 4. 1289.
Chapman, 39. Wood, Cl.-Book, 247; Bot. & Fl. 48.
Isophyllum Drummondii. Spach, Ann. Sci. Nat. 2. 5. 367 ; Hist. Veg. 5. 433,

A. pumilum. Michx. Fl. 2.77. Poir. Suppl. 1.481. Pursh, 878. Chois. in DC.
Prodr. 1. 555. Elliott, 2.21. Spreng. Syst. 8. 352. Don, Mill. 1. 612. Hook.
Jour. Bot. 1. 199. Spach, ll. ec. 869 & 468. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 156 & 672. Eat.
& Wr. 140. Dietr. 4. 1239. Chapman, 39. Wood, Cl.-Book, 247; Bot. & FI. 48.
A. pauciflorum. Nutt. Genera, 2.15. Chois. 1. ec. 1. 555. Don, Mill. 1. 612.

A. stans. Michx. Fl. 2.77, not Willd. Vent. Hort. Malm. t.90. Poir. Suppl.
1.481. Ait. f. Hort. Kew. 4. 480. Chois. Prodr. Hyper. 61; DC. Prodr. 1. 555.
Torrey, Compend. 219; Fl. N. Y. 1. 84. Spreng. Syst’ 3. 851. Don, Mill. 1. 613.
Spach, ll. ce. 868 & 457. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 157. Eat. & Wr. 140. Dietr. 4. 1289.
Gray, Genera, 1. 212, t. 91; Manual, 83. Chapman, 39.

A. hypericoides. Linn. Spec. 788, syn. Pluk. Marsh. Arbust. 14. Walter, 191.
Willd. Spec. 8. 1478, in part. -Pursh, 378. Elliott, 2.22. Don, Mill. 1. 613.

A. Crux-Andree, var. stans. Persoon, 2. 81.

A. grandiflorum. Raf. Fl. Lud. 87. é

2A. simplex. Zeyh.; Turez. in Bull. Soc. Mose. 811. 389.
ELODES petiolata. Pursh, 379. Nutt. Genera, 2.17. Barton, Comp. Fl. Phil.
2.17. Elliott, 2. 34. Don, Mill. 1. 612. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1.168. Hat. & Wr. 282.
Dietr. 4. 1237. Chapman, 42. Gray, Manual, 86. The genus, as including Elodes,
of Adanson, and Elodea, Elodes & Triadenia of Spach, is referred to Hypericum by
Treviranus and Benth. & Hooker.

Hypericum petiolatum. Walter, 191. Poir. Suppl. 5. 783. Eat. & Wr. 279.

Hypericum axillare. Michx. Fl. 2. 81.

Hypericum campanulatum, var. 3% Poir. Suppl. 5. 696.

Hypericum paludosum. Chois. Prodr. Mon. Hyper. 43 ; DC. Prodr. 1. 546. Hook.
Jour. Bot. 1. 108.

Martia petiolata. Spreng. Syst. 8. 333.

Elodea axillaris & floribunda, Spach, Ann. Sci. Nat. 2. 5. 169; Hist. Veg. 5. 368.

Oe HYPERICACEZ. [Blodes. Hypericum.

E. tubulosa. Pursh, 379. Nutt. Genera, 2.17. Elliott, 2.34. Don, Mill. 1. 612.
Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1.168. Dietr. 4. 1238. Not identified.

Hypericum tubulosum. Walter, 191. Poir. Suppl. 5. 738. Chois. in DC. Prodr.
1. 546. Eat. & Wr. 280.

Elodea pauciflora. Spach, ll. ec. 169 & 367.

E. Virginica. Nutt. Genera, 2.17. Elliott, 2. 33. Spach, ll. ec. 166 & 364. Torr.
& Gray, El.1.167. Hat. & Wr: 282: Torrey, Fl. N. ¥-1° 90: Diet 4: 1237.
Gray, Genera, 1. 216, t. 94; Pac. R. Rep. 12. 41; Manual, 86. Parry, Pl. Minn.
609. Chapman, 42.

Hypericum Virginicum. Linn. Spec. 2 ed. 1194. Hill, Veg. Syst. 15, t. 4, £ 4.
Lam. Dict. 4. 162. Willd. Spec. 3. 1455. Michx. Fl. 2.81. Persoon, 2. 89. Andr.
Bot. Rep. 8, t.552. Ait. f. Hort. Kew. 4.425. Bigel. Fl. Bost. 298. Chois. in
DC. Prodr. 1. 646. Torrey, Compend. 221. Hock. Jour. Bot. 1. 198. Darling.
El. Cestr. 322. Trevir. Hyper. 8. :

Hypericum campanulatum. Walter, 191. Poir. Suppl. 3. 696 & 5. 783.

H. emarginatum. Lam. Dict. 4. 154.

Triadenum purpurascens. Raf. Med. Rep. 5. 855; Desv. Journ. Bot. 2. 171.

Elodes campanulata. Pursh, 379. Don, Mill. 1. 612.

Martia campanulata. Spreng. Syst. 3. 555.

Elodea Virginica, Drummondii & Fraseri. Spach, ll. ec. 166 & 364.
HYPERICUM adpressum. Barton, Comp. Fl. Phil. 2.15. Torr. & Gray, FI.
1.159. Hat. & Wr. 279. Dietr. 4. 1254. Gray, Manual, 84.

H. Bonapartee. Barton, Fl. N. Am. 8. 95, t. 106.

Var. fastigiatum. Torr. & Gray, FI. 1. 673.
H. fastigiatum. Elliott, 2.31. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1.166. Eat. & Wr. 280.
Chapman, 41.

H. anagalloides. Cham. & Schlecht. in Linn. 3.127. Don, Mill. 1.607. Torr.
& Gray, FI. 1.167 & 674. Hook. & Arn. Bot. Beechey, 1386. Dietr. 4. 1285. Tor-
rey, Pac. R. Rep. 4. 68; Bot. Wilkes, 240. Boland. Cat.6. Gray, Proc. Am.
Acad. 8. 377.

@ HT. mutilum. Watson, King’s Rep. 5. 46.

H. angulosum. Michx.; Willd. Spec. 3. 1454. Michx. Fl. 2.78. Persoon, 2. 88.
Poir. Suppl. 3. 696. Pursh, 378. Torrey, Compend. 220. Chois. in DC. Prodr.
1. 546. Elliott, 2.25. Spreng. Syst. 3. 345. Don, Mill. 1.608. Hook. Jour. Bot.
1.168. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 164 & 673. Eat. & Wr. 279. Dietr. 4. 1285. Chap-
man, 41. Gray, Manual, 85.

H. denticulatum. Walter, 190, not Kunth.

2H. levigatum. Ait. Hort. Kew. 3.106. Poir. Suppl. 5. 374. Torr. & Gray,
Fl. 1.161. Dietr. 4. 1235.

H. virgatum. Wam. Dict. 4. 158. Persoon, 2. 88. Chois. in DC. Prodr. 1. 547.
Spreng. Syst. 8. 846. Don, Mill. 1.604. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1.166. Eat. & Wr.
281.

H. hedyotifolium. Poir. Suppl. 7. 700. Chois. in DC. Prodr. 1. 547. Don, Mill.
1.604, Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 166. Eat. & Wr. 281.

H. acutifolium. Elliott, 2. 26. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 167. Eat. & Wr. 280.

Brathys Erythree, lanceolata & linoides. Spach, Ann. Sci. Nat. 2. 5. 367; Hist.
Veg. 5. 452.

H. aureum. Barton, Travels, 383. Torr. & Gray, Fl.1.161. Dietr. 4. 1284.
Chapman, 40. Wood, Cl.-Book, 249; Bot. & Fl. 49.
H. frondosum. Michx. Fl. 2.81. Poir. Suppl. 8.699. Pursh, 875. Muhl. Cat.

Hypericum] HYPERICACE®. 125

71. Chois. in DC. Prodr. 1. 544. Spreng. Syst. 3. 846. Don, Mill. 1.601. Eat. &
Wr. 279.

H. ascyroides, var. 8. Poir. Suppl. 8. 694.

H.amenum. Pursh, 375. Poir. Suppl. 5. 738. Nutt. Genera, 2.10. Chois. in
DC. Prodr. 1. 544. Elliott, 2.31. Spreng. Syst. 38. 346. Don, Mill. 1. 601.

H. Rugelianum. (Kunze, Ind. Sem. Lips. (Linn. 24. 176).

H. Buckleyi. M. A. Curtis, Am. Jour. Sci. 44. 80. Chapman, 39. Wood, CL.-
Book, 248; Bot. & Fl. 49.

H. Canadense. Linn. Spec. 785. Hill, Veg. Syst. 15, t= 4,£5. Ait. Hort.
Kew. 8. 105. Lam. Dict. 4.162. Willd. Spec. 8. 1455. Michx. Fl. 2.79. Per-
soon, 2.89. Pursh, 378. Bigel. Fl. Bost. 280. Chois. in DC. Prodr. 1. 550. El-
liott, 2. 24. Torrey, Compend. 220; Fl. N. Y. 1.89. Spreng. Syst. 3. 847. Hook.
Fl. Bor.-Am. 1.110. Don, Mill. 1.608. Darling. Fl. Cestr. 324. Torr. & Gray,
Fl. 1. 165. Eat. & Wr. 279. Dietr. 4. 1235. Chapman, 42. Lesqx. Fl. Ark. 350.
Trevir. Hyper. 10. Gray, Manual, 86.

H. thesiifolium, pauciflorum & Moranense. HBK. Nov. Gen. & Spec. 5. 192 & 198,
fide Chois. in DC. Prodr. 1. 550. :

Brathys Canadensis. Spach, Ann. Sci. Nat. 2. 5. 367.

Var. major. Gray, Manual, 86.
H. cistifolium. Lam. Dict. 4. 158. Persoon, 2. 88. Chois. in DC. Prodr.
1. 547. Spreng. Syst. 3. 346. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 166 & 674. Eat. & Wr. 279.
Dietr. 4. 1285. Chapman, 41. Wood, Cl.-Book, 249; Bot. & Fl. 50. Trevir.
Hyper. 9.

H. rosmarinifolium. Lam. Dict. 4. 159 2, not DC. Willd. Spec. 3. 1450. Per-
soon, 2. 88. Elliott, 2.29. Spreng. Syst. 8. 344. Beck, Am. Jour. Sci. 14. 115.
Don, Mill. 1. 604. Hook. Jour. Bot. 1. 199. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1.159. Kat. & Wr.
280. Dietr. 4. 1284. Wood, Cl.-Book, 248; Bot. & Fl. 49.

H. nudiflorum. Hook. Jour. Bot. 1. 199, excl. var. Reich. Hort. Bot. 1. 60,
t. 87?

H. opacum. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1.163. Eat. & Wr. 280. Dietr. 4. 1235.

Brathydium hyssopifolium. Spach, 1. ¢. 365.

H. punctulosum. Bertol. Bot. Mise. 18. 18, t. 3, f. 2 (Bot. Zeit. 14. 118), fide
Gray, Am. Jour. Sci. 2. 20. 279.

H. concinnum. Benth. Pl. Hartw. 3800. Durand, Pl. Pratten. 88. Torrey, Bot.
Wilkes, 240.

H. bracteatum. Kellogg, Proce. Calif. Acad. 1. 65.

H. corymbosum. Muhl.; Willd. Spec. 3.1457; Enum. 810. Persoon, 2. 89.
Poir. Suppl. 3. 697. Pursh, 377. Bigel. Fl. Bost. 280. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 160 &
673. Eat. & Wr. 279. Torrey, Fl. N. Y.1.87. Dietr. 4. 1284. Chapman, 40.
Gray, Manual, 85.

H. Virginicum. Walter, 189.

H. maculatum. Michx. FI. 2. 80, not Walt. Ait. f. Hort. Kew. 4. 426.

H. micranthum. Chois. Prodr. Hyper. 44, t. 5 (Spreng. Neue Entdeck. 8. 802) ;
DC. Prodr. 1. 546. Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am. 1. 109; Jour. Bot. 1.199. Don, Mill.
1. 603. Eat. & Wr. 279.

H. punctatum. Spreng. Syst. 3. 843, not Lam. Torrey, Compend. 220. Reich.
Hort. Bot. 1. 61, t. 88. Beck, Bot. 61. Darling. Fl. Cestr. 822. Spach, Ann. Sci.
Nat. 2. 5. 357.

H. densiflorum. Pursh, 376. Poir. Suppl. 5. 734. Chois. in DC. Prodr. 1. 547.
Don, Mill. 1. 604.

126 HYPERICACE. [Hypericum.

H. galioides. Pursh, 876, not Lam.

H. rostratum. Raf. Fl. Lud. 88. Eat. & Wr. 281.
H. prolificum, var. (4) y. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 159.
H. prolificum, var. densiflorum. Gray, Manual, 84.

H. dolabriforme. Vent. Hort. Cels, t.45. Persoon, 2. 89. Poir. Suppl. 3. 698.
Pursh, 378. Chois. in DC. Prodr. 1. 547. Spreng. Syst. 8, 347. Don, Mill. 1. 604.
Torr. & Gray, 1. 162. Eat. & Wr. 280. Dietr. 4. 1234. Gray, Manual, 84.

H. procumbens. Desf. ; Willd. Spec. 8. 1450. Michx. Fl. 2. 81. Persoon, 2. 88.
Poir. Suppl. 8. 695, Park, 378. Chois. in DC, Prodr. 1. 547. Spreng. Syst. 3. 347.
Don, Mill. 1. 604.

Brathydium grandiflorunm. Spach, 1, c. 365; Hist. Veg. 5. 443.

H. Drummondii. Torr. & Gray, Fl.1.165. Eat. & Wr. 280. Dietr. 4. 1235.
Torrey, Sitgr. Rep. 175. Chapman, 42. Gray, Manual, 86.

Sarothra Drummondii. Grev. & Hook. in Bot. Mise. 8. 236, t. 107. Hook. Jour.
Bot. 1. 199.

Brathys Drummondit. Spach, Ann. Sci. Nat. 2. 5. 367.

H. elatum. Ait. Hort. Kew. 3. 104, not Lam. Willd. Spec. 3. 1448; Enum.
809. Don, Mill. 1.601. Loud. Arbor. 1.398. Torr. & Gray, FI. 1. 166 & 673.
Eat. & Wr. 280. Dietr. 4. 1285. Trevir. Hyper. 7. A doubtful species.

H. ellipticum. Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am.1.110. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1.164. Eat. &
Wr. 279. Torrey, Nicol. Rep. 146; Fl. N. Y. 1.88; Emory’s Rep. 406. MDietr.
4.1325. Gray, Manual, 85.

H. spherocarpon. Barton, Fl. Philad. 2. 14, not Michx. Nutt. Genera, 2. 16.

H. ea Lam. Dict. 4.160. Pursh, 876. Chois. in DC. Prodr. 1. 554.
Elliott, 2.28. Spreng. Syst. 3. 844. Don, Mill. 1.611. Torr. & Gray, FI. 1. 160.
Eat. & Wr. 280. Loud. Arbor. 1.402. Dietr. 4.12384. Chapman, 40.. Wood,
Cl.-Book, 248; Bot. & Fl. 49.

2 H. Coris. Walter, 190.

H. nitidum. Lam. Dict. 4.160. Persoon, 2. 88. Chois. in DC. Prodr. 1. 554.

2H, fulgidum, Raf. Fl. Lud. 88. Chois. in DC. Prodr. 1. 554.

Myriandra nitida. Spach, Ann. Sci. Nat. 2. 5. 365; Hist. Veg. 5. 436.

Var. aspalathoides. Torr. & Gey, Fl. 1. 672.

H1. aspalathoides. Willd. Spec. 8. 1451. Persoon, 2. 88. Pursh, 376. Elliott,
2.27. Eat. & Wr. 280.

HH. tenuifolium. Pursh, 877. Don, Mill. 1. 611.
Spach, ll. ce.

H. Scouleri. Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am. 1. 111; Lond. Journ. Bot. 6.74. Torr. & Gray,
Fl. 1.160. Eat. & Wr. 280. Dietr. 4. 1234. Benth. Pl. Hartw. 301. Gray, Pl.
Fendl. 11; Proc. Am. Acad. 8. 377. Durand, Pl. Pratten. 83. Newberry, Pac. R.
Rep. 6. 67. Cooper, same, 12. 56. Torrey, Mex. Bound. 36. Gray, Proc. Acad.
Philad. 1863, 58. Boland. Cat.6. Anderson, Cat. 118. Watson, King’s Rep.
5.45; Pl. Wheel. 6. Porter, Fl. Col. 15. Rothr. Pi. Wheel. 35. Brew. & Wats.
Bot. Calif. 1. 81.

H. formosum. Gray, Pl. Wright. 2.17; not HBK. Torrey, Mex. Bound. 36;
Bot. Wilkes, 239.

H. galioides. Lam. Dict. 4.161. Willd. Spec. 3. 1451. Persoon, 2. 88. Chois.
in DC. Prodr. 1. 550. Torrey, Compend. 220. Spreng. Syst. 3. 344. Don, Mill.
1.609. Hook. Jour. Bot. 1. 199. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 160. Dietr. 4. 1234. Chap-
man, 40. Wood, Cl.-Book, 248; Bot. & Fl. 49.

‘

Myriandra brachyphylla.

Hypericum. ] HYPERICACEZ. tay

' H. avillare. am. Dict. 4.160. Persoon, 2. 88. Chois. in DC. Prodr. 1. 550.
Spreng. Syst. 8. 848. Don, Mill. 1. 609.

H. fasciculatum. Michx.; Willd. Spec. 8. 1452, not Lam. Michx. Fl. 2. 80.
Persoon, 2. 88. Hook. Jour. Bot. 1. 199.

H. Michauxii. Poir. Suppl. 3. 696.

Myriandra galioides & Michauxii. Spach, ll. ee.

Var. ambiguum. Chapman, 40.

2H. ambiguum. Elliott, 2.30. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1.162 & 673. Eat. & Wr.

980. Dietr. 4. 1234. Wood, Cl.-Book, 249; Bot. & Fl. 49.

H. graveolens. Buckley, Am. Jour. Sci. 45.174. Gray, Genera, 1. 214, t. 92;
Manual, 85. Chapman, 41.

H. Kalmianum. Linn. Spec. 783. Hill, Veg. Syst. 15, t.1,f. 2. DuRoi, Obs.
Bot. 29. Marsh. Arbust. 62. Lam. Dict. 4. 148. Willd. Spec. 3. 1488. Persoon,
2.86. Pursh, 374. Chois. in DC. Prodr. 1. 545. Spreng. Syst. 8. 341. Torrey,
Compend. 219; FI. N. Y. 1. 86, t.13. Maund, Bot. Gard. 5, t. 194. Hook. F!
Bor.-Am. 1.109. Don, Mill. 1.608. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 158. Kat. & Wr. 279.
Dietr. 4. 1234. Loud. Arbor. 1.401. Gray, Manual, 84.

H. maculatum. Walter, 189. Persoon, 2. 90. Poir. Suppl. 3.701. Elliott, 2. 27.
Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 161 & 678. Dietr. 4. 1234. Engelm. & Gray, Pl. Lindh. 33.
Chapman, 40. Wood, Cl.-Book, 249; Bot. & Fl. 49. Gray, Hall’s Pl. Tex. 5.

H. punctatum. Lam. Dict. 4. 164. Persoon, 2. 89. Chois. in DC. Prodr. 1. 547.

Reich. Hort. Bot. 1. 61, t. 88. Don, Mill. 1.604. Hook. Jour. Bot. 1. 199. Tre-
vir. Hyper. 8.
H. mutilum. Linn. Spec. 787. Hill, Veg. Syst. 15, t. 8, £ 1. Lam. Dict. 4. 181.
Willd. Spec. 3.1471. Persoon, 2.91. Ait. f. Hort. Kew. 4. 425. Torr. & Gray,
Fl. 1.164. Torrey, Fl. N. Y. 1. 88. Dietr. 4. 1235 (ruti/um). Chapman, 41. Gray,
Manual, 85; Hall’s Pl. Tex. 3.

Ascyrum Cruax-Andree. Linn. Spec. 787, not 2 ed., fide Torr. & Gray, FI. 1. 672.

H. quinquenervium. Walter, 190. Michx. Fl. 2.79. Poir. Suppl. 8. 697. Chois.
in DC. Prodr. 1. 550. Torrey, Compend. 220. as eng. Syst. 3. 346. Reich. Hort.
Bot. 1. 64, t.96. Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am. 1. 110; Jour. Bot. 1. 199. Don, Mill. 1. 608.
Darling. Fl. Cestr. 823. Trevir. Hyper. 10.

H., parviflorum. Willd. Spec. 8. 1456. Persoon, 2.89. Pursh, 877. —_ Elliott,
2 24. Bigel. Fl. Bost. 280. Eat. & Wr. 279.

H., siellarioides. HBK. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 5. 196.

Brathys quinquenervia. Spach, Ann. Sci. Nat. 2. 5. 367

Sarothra Blentinensis. Sav. Giorn. Pisan. 1839. =

Var. gymnanthum. Gray, Manual, 86.

FH. gymnanthum. Engelm. & Gray, Pl. Lindh. 4. Walp. Ann. 2. 188. Gray,
Halls Pl. Tex. 3
H. myrtifolium. Lam. Dict. 4. 180. Chois. in DC. Prodr. 1. 547. Spreng.
Syst. 8. 846. Don, Mill. 1.604. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 162. Dietr. 4. 1284. Chap-
man, 40. Wood, Cl.-Book, 249; Bot. & Fl. 49. Trevir. Hyper. 9.

H. glaucum. Michx. Fl. 2.78. Poir. Suppl. 3. 697. Pursh, 376. Chois. in
DC. Prodr. 1. 547. Elliott, 2.32. Spreng. Syst. 3. 348. Don, Mill. 1. 606. Eat.
& Wr. 280.

H. rosmarinifolium. Chois. in DC. Prodr. 1. 547, not Lam.

H. sessiliflorum. Willd.; Spreng. Syst. 3. 346. Don, Mill. 1. 601. Torr. & Gray,
Fl. 1. 166.

Myriandra glauca. Spach, 1. c. 365; Hist. Veg. 5. 442.

128 HYPERICACE. [Hypericum.,

H. nudiflorum. Michx.; Willd. Spec. 3. 1456. Michx. Fl. 2. 78. Persoon, 2. 89,
Ait. f. Hort. Kew. 4. 425. Poir. Suppl. 3.697. Pursh, 375. Chois. in DC. Prodr.
1. 548. Elliott, 2. 82. Spreng. Syst. 3. 845. Don, Mill. 1. 606. Hook. Jour.
Bot. 1.199. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1.162. Eat. & Wr. 280. Dietr. 4. 1234. Chap-
man, 41. Gray, Manual, 84.

Myriandra nudiflora & ledifolia. Spach, ll. ec. 865 & 440.
H. perroratum, Linn. Pursh, 377. Bigel. Fl. Bost. 279. Torrey, Compend.
220; Fl. N. Y. 1. 86. Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am. 1.110. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1.160. Yat.
& Wr. 279. Chapman, 40. Hook. f. Arct. Pl. 288. Gray, Struct. Bot. 395,
f.' 720-723; Manual, 85.

HH. pseudoperforatum. Bertol. Bot. Mise. 8. 14, t. 5, £1.

H. prolificum. Linn. Mant. 106. Ait. Hort. Kew. 3.105. Moench, Meth. 128.
Lam. Dict. 4. 159. Willd. Spec. 3. 1453; Enum. 809. Persoon, 2. 88. Pursh, 375.
Chois. in DC. Prodr. 1. 547. Elliott, 2. 30. Torrey, Compend. 220. Spreng. Syst.
8. 843. Don, Mill. 1.605. Hook. Jour. Bot. 1. 199. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 159, excl.
var. y. Eat. & Wr. 279. Loud. Arbor. 1. 401, & 5. 2541, f. 2415. Dietr. 4. 1234.
Chapman, 39. Lesqx. Fl. Ark. 350. Gray, Manual, 84, excl. var.

H. foliosum. Jacq. Hort. Scheenb. 8. 27, t. 299.

Myriandra prolifica & spathulata. Spach, ll. ce. 865 & 439.

H. pyramidatum. Ait. Hort. Kew. 8.108. Willd. Spec. 3. 1444; Enum. 809.
Vent. Hort. Malm. t.118. Persoon, 2.87. Pursh, 874. Chois. in DC. Prodr.
1. 545. Spreng. Syst. 8. 8342. Don, Mill. 1.602. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 158. Eat.
& Wr. 279. Torrey, Fl. N. Y. 1. 85, t.12; Nicol. Rep. 146. Dietr. 4. 1234. Gray,
Genera, 1. 214, t. 93 (fruit); Manual, 84. Parry, Pl. Minn. 609. Pl. Bourgeau,
255.

H. amplexicaule. Tam. Dict. 4. 147.

H. ascyroides. Willd. Spec. 8. 1448. Persoon, 2. 87. Poir. Suppl. 8. 694.
Pursh, 374. Bigel. Fl. Bost. 279. Chois. in DC. Prodr. 1. 545. Torrey, Compend.
219. Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am. 1. 109. Don, Mill. 1. 602.

H. macrocarpum. Michx. FI. 2. 82. Persoon, 2. 86. Spreng. Syst. 3. 342.

Roscyna Americana. Spach, Ann. Sci. Nat. 2. 5. 364; Hist. Veg. 5. 431.

¢ Brathydium Canadense. Spach, ll. ec. 365 & 446.

H. setosum. Linn. Spec. 787. Hill, Veg. Syst. 15,t.8,f 2. Ait. Hort. Kew.
3.108. Lam. Dict. 4.181. Willd. Spee. 3. 1472. Persoon, 2. 91.

Ascyrum villosum. Linn. Spec. 788. Hill, Veg. Syst. 12, t. 34, f. 2, & 15, t. 9,
f.2.. Marsh. Arbust. 14. Lam. Dict. 1. 286. Willd. Spec. 3. 1474.

H. pilosum. Walter, 190. Nutt. Genera, 2.16. Chois. in DC. Prodr. 1. 549.
Spreng. Syst. 3. 846. Don, Mill.1.607. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1.1638. Hat. & Wr.
280. Dietr. 4. 1235. Chapman, 41. Wood, Cl.-Book, 250; Bot. & Fl. 50. Trevir.
Hyper. 9.

H. simplex. Michx. Fl. 2. 80. Poir. Suppl. 8. 698. Pursh, 879. Nutt. Genera,
2.16. Chois. in DC. Prodr. 1. 549. Elliott, 2.25. Spreng. Syst. 3. 342. Don,
Mill. 1. 607. Hook. Jour. Bot. 1. 199.

HT, Nuttallii. Don, Mill. 1. 607.

Brathys tomentosa. Spach, ll. ec. 867 & 453.
H. Sarothra. Michx. Fl. 2.79. Pursh, 378. Poir. Suppl. 5. 89. Torrey, Compend.
221; Fl. N. Y. 1.89. Spreng. Syst. 3. 350. Darling. Fl. Cestr. 324. Torr. & Gray,
Fl. 1.165. Eat. & Wr. 280. Dietr. 4. 1285. Gray, Genera, 1. 214, t. 93, £ 1-7;
Manual, 86 Chapman, 42.

Sarothra gentianoides. Linn. Spec. 272. Hill, Veg. Syst. 18, t. 23. Ait. Hort.

Hypericum. ] HYPERICACEZ. 129
Kew. 1. 380. Willd. Spec. 1. 1515. Lam. Ill. t.215,£1. Persoon, 1. 831. Bigel.
FI. Bost. 121. Elliott, 1. 371. Grey. & Hook. Bot. Misc. 3. 226. Hook. Jour. Bot.
IT. 199.

HF, nudicaule. Walter, 190.

Sarothra hypericoides. Nutt. Genera, 1. 204. Barton, Fl. N. Am. 8. 59, t. 92, f. 1.
Don, Mill. 1. 612.

Brathys gentianoides. Spach, ll. ce. 867 & 455.

H. sphzrocarpum. Michx. Fl. 2.78. Poir. Suppl. 3. 693. Pursh, 378. Chois.
in DC. Prodr. 1. 548. Spreng. Syst. 3. 3847. Don, Mill. 1.606. Torr. & Gray,
Fl. 1.168. Eat. & Wr. 281. Dietr. 4. 1235. Gray, Manual, 85.

Brathydium spherocarpum & Chameenerium. Spach, ll. cc. 365 & 444.
H. triplinerve. Vent. Hort. Cels,t.58. Persoon, 2.91. Poir. Suppl. 3. 701.
Pursh, 878. Chois. in DC. Prodr. 1. 552. Spreng. Syst. 3. 349. Don, Mill. 1. 610.
Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1.166. Eat. & Wr. 280.— Excluded as not American by Torr.

& Gray, FI. 1. 674.

H., acutifolium ; angulosum.

ambiguum ; galioides.

anenum ; aureum.

amplexicaule ; pyramidatum.

ascyroides ; aureum, pyramidatum.

aspalathoides ; fasciculatum.

axillare ; galioides, Elodes petiolata.

Bonapartee ; adpressum.

bracteatum ; cConcinnum.

campanulatum ; Elodes petiolata &
Virginica.

Coris ; fasciculatum.

denticulatum ; angulosum.

emarginatum ; Elodes Virginica.

Jusciculatum ; galioides.

Jastigiatum ; adpressum.

foliosum; prolificum.

Jrondosum ; aureum.

Julgidum ; fasciculatum.

galioides ; densiflorum.

glaucum ; myrtifolium.

gymnanthum ; mutilum.

hedyotifolium & levigatum; angulo-
sum.

Lasianthus ; Gordonia Lasianthus.

laurocerasifolium ; Hopea tinctoria.

macrocarpum ; pyramidatum.

maculatum & micranthum ; corymbo-
sum.

Michauxii; galioides.

Moranense ; Canadense.

mutilum ; anagalloides.

nitidum ; fasciculatum.

Al. nudicaule; Sarothra.

nudiflorum ; cistifolium.

Nuttall ; setosum.

opacum ; cistifolium.

paludosum ; Elodes petiolata.

parviflorum ; mutilum.

pauciflorum ; Canadense.

petiolatum ; Elodes petiolata.

pilosum ; setosum.

procumbens ; dolabriforme.

prolificum; densiflorum.

pseudoperforatum ; perforatum.

punctatum ;° corymbosum, macula-
tum.

punctulosum; cistifolium.

quinquenervium ; mutilum.

rosmarinifolium ; cistifolium, myrti-
folium.

rostratum ; densiflorum.

Rugelianum ; aureun.

rutilum ; mutilum.

sessilijlorum ; myrtifolium.

simplex ; setosum.

spheerocarpon ; ellipticum.

stellarioides ; mutilum.

tenuifolium ; fasciculatum.

tetrapetalum; Ascyrum amplexicaule.

thesiifolium ; Canadense.

tubulosum ; Elodes tubulosa.

virgatum ; angulosum.

Virginicum; corymbosum, Elodes
Virginica,

130 GUTTIFERZ. [Clusia. Stuartia.

GUTTIFER 2.

CLUSIA. rrava, Linn. Nutt. Sylva, 2. 111, t. 77. Chapman, 48.
C. rosea? Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 168.

TERNSTRG&MIACE 4.

GORDONIA Lasianthus. Linn. Mant. 1.570. Ellis, Phil. Trans. 60. 518, t. 11;
Letters, t. 2. L’Her. Stirp. Nov. 156. Cav. Diss. 2. 307, t. 161. Walter, 177. Ait.
Hort. Kew. 2. 2831. Bartram, Trav. 161. Lam. Dict. 2. 770; Ill. 3. 146, t. 594, f. 1.
Swartz, Obs. Bot. 271. Willd. Spee. 38. 840. Michx. Fl. 2.48. Sims, Bot. Mag.
t.668. Nouy. Duham. 2.236,t.68. Persoon, 2.259. Michx. f. Arbr. Amer. 8. 131,
t.1. Pursh, 451. Nutt. Genera, 2. 84. Elliott, 2.171. DC. Prodr. 1. 528. Spreng.
Syst. 8.125. Don, Mill. 1. 578, £99. Audub. Birds, t.168. Reich. Fl. Exot.
t.151. Spach, Hist. Veg. 4. 79. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1.223. Eat. & Wr. 258.
Loud. Arbor. 1. 379, f. 93. Dietr. 4.862. Gray, Genera, 2. 103, t. 140,141;
Manual, 104. Choisy, Mem. Ternst. & Camel. 51. Curtis, Bot. N. Car. an Chap-
man, 60. Baill. Hist. Pl. 4. 230, f. 254, 255.

Hypericum Lasianthus. Linn. Spec. 783. Hill, Veg. Syst. 15, t. Lf. 3.

Gordonia pyramidalis. Salisb. Prodr. Stirp. 386.
G. pubescens. L’Her. Stirp. 156. Lam. Dict. 2.770. Cav. Diss. 2. 808, t. 162.
Ait. Hort: Kew. 2. 231. Willd. Spec. 3. 841. Michx. Fl. 2.48. Vent. Jard.
Malm. t.1 (Schrad. Neues Jour. Bot. 1806, 121). Nouv. Duham. 2. 237. Kon. &
Sims, Ann. Bot. 1.171. Persoon, 2.259. Michx. f. Arbr. Amer. 8. 135, t. 2. Pursh,
451. Nutt. Genera, 2.84. Loisel. Herb. Amat. 4,t. 236. Elliott, 2.171. DC.
Prodr. 1. 528. Spreng. Syst. 3.125. Don, Mill. 1.573. Audub. Birds, t.185.
Spach, Hist. Veg. 4.80. Torr. & Gray, FI. 1. 223. Hat. & Wr. 258. Loud. Ar-
bor. 1. 880, f. 94. Dietr. 4. 862. Gray, Genera, 2. 102, t. 141, f. 11-14, & t. 142.
Choisy, l. e. 51. Chapman, 60. Wood, Cl.-Book, 274 ; Bot. & FI. 65.

Franklinia Alatamaha. Marsh. Arbust. 49. Bartram, Tray. 16 & 467. Raf.
Atl. Jour. 79, fig.

Gordonia Franklini. L’Her. Stirp. 156. Willd. Spec. 8. 841. Nouv. Duham.
2. 237. Persoon, 2. 259. Poir. Suppl. 2. 816.

Michauxia sessilis. Salisb. Prodr. Stirp. 886.

Lacathea florida. Salisb. Parad. Lond. t. 56. Colla, Hort. Ripul. Appx. 1. 134.

STUARTIA pentagyna. L’Her. Stirp. 155, t.'74. Willd. Spec. 3. 840. Nouv.
Duham. 1. 15, t.6. Smith, Exot. Bot. 2.101,t.110. Ait. f. Hort. Kew. 4. 234.
Pursh, 452. Elliott, 2.173. Torr: & Gray, Fl. 1. 224. Wat. & Wr. 445. Hook.
Bot. Mag. t. 3918. Gray, Genera, 2. 100, t.139; Manual, 104. Curtis, Bot. N.
Car. 103. Chapman, 61.

Malachodendron ovatum. Cav. Diss. 2, t. 158, f.2. Michx. Fl. 2.43. Persoon,
2. 260. Lam. Dict. 3. 686; Ill. t. 593, f.1. DC. Prodr. 1. 528. Spreng. Syst. 3. 126.
Lindl. Bot. Reg. t.1104. Don, Mill. 1.572. Spach, Hist. Veg. 4. 77. Loud. Ar-
bor. 1. 377, £ 91. Dietr. 4. 863.

Stuartia montana. Bartram, Tray. 334.

Malachodendron pentagynum. Choisy, Mem. Ternstr. 49.

S. Virginica. Cay. Diss. 2, t. 159,f.2. Michx. Fl. 2.48. oir. Dict. 7. 441.
Persoon, 2.66. Pursh, 451. Lam. Ill. t.593,f.1. Elliott, 2.172. DC. Prodr.

-

Stuartia. Abutilon.] MALVACES. 131

1. 528. Spreng. Syst. 8. 126. Don, Mill. 1.572. Hook. Jour. Bot. 1. 198. Spach,
Hist. Veg. 4.78. Eat. & Wr. 445. Loud. Arbor. 1. 378, f.92. Gray, Genera,
2.99, t.138; Manual, 104. Choisy, Mem. Ternst. 48. Curtis, Bot. N. Car. 103.
Chapman, 61. Baill. Hist. Pl. 4. 280, f. 256-260.

S. Malachodendron. Linn. Spec. 2 ed. 982. Marsh. Arbust. 149. L’Her. Stirp.
153, t. 73. Walter, 176. Ait. Hort. Kew. 2.459. Willd. Spec. 3. 840. Nouv.
Duham. 1.16. Audub. Birds, t.17. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 224. Dietr. 4. 8638.

S. Marylandica. Donn, Hort. Cantab. 8 ed. Andr. Bot. Rep. 6, t. 397. Poir.
Suppl. 5. 249.

MALVACEA.

ABUTILON Avicenyz, Gertn. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 230. Eat. & Wr. 111.
Torrey, Fl. N. Y. 1.113. Parry, Pl. Minn. 610. Darling. Fl. Cestr. 2 ed. 36. En-
gelm. Pl. Upp. Miss. 186. Chapman, 55. Gray, Manual, 101.

Sida Abutilon, Linn. Pursh, 458. Elliott, 2. 162. Torrey, Compend. 255.
Beck, Bot. 58. Hook. Jour. Bot. 1.198. Darling. Fl. Cestr. 897. Bigel. Fl. Bost.
3 ed. 276.

A. Californicum. Benth. Bot. Sulph. 8. Walp. Rep. 5.95. Gray, Proc. Am.
Acad. 5. 154. (Lower California.)

A. crispum. Don, Mill. 1. 502. Gray, Pl. Fendl. 23; Genera, 2. 67, t.126; PI.
Wricht. 1. 21; Pl. Thurb. 308. Griseb. Fl. Brit. W. Ind. 79. Torrey, Mex. Bound.
39. Chapman, 56. :

Sida crispa. Linn. Spec. 685. Cav. Diss. 1. 30, t. 7, £1, & 2. 275, t. 135, f. 2.
Ait. Hort. Kew. 2. 449. Willd. Spec. 8. 747; Enum. 721. Persoon, 2. 244. Pursh,
453. Llliott, 2. 161. DC. Prodr.1.469. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 285. Hat. &
Wr. 425.

Sida amplexicaulis. Yam. Dict. 1. 7.

Beloere crispa. Shuttlw.; Gray, Pl. Wright. 1. 21.

Var. imberbe. Griseb. Fl. Brit. W. Ind. 80.

Sida imberbis. DC. Prodr. 1. 469. ,

A. trichodum. Rich. Bot. Cuba, 155, t.17. Walp. Rep. 1. 324. Gray, Genera,
Ws (BiG

A. holosericeum. Scheele, Linn. 21.471. Gray, Pl. Lindh. 162; Pl. Wright.
1. 20. Walp. Ann. 2.157. Torrey, Mex. Bound. 39.
A. velutinum. Gray, Genera, 2. 67 & 280, t. 125.

A. hypoleucum. Gray, Pl. Wright. 1.20. Walp. Ann. 4. 315.
A. Indicum. Don, Mill. 1. 504. See syn. in Griseb. Fl. W. Ind. 78.

Var. hirtum. Griseb. 1. c.
Beloere cistiflora. Shuttlw. in herb.

A. Jacquini. Don, Mill. 1. 508. Chapman, 56.

Sida abutiloides. Jacq. Obs. 1. 17, t. 7.

Sida crassifolia. L’Her. Stirp. 125, t. 60.

Sida lignosa & tricuspidata. Cav. Diss. t. 6, f.2 & 5.

Sida periplocifolia, var. Caribea. Gray, Genera, 2. 67, not Rich.

A. perafjine. Shuttlw ; Gray, Pl. Wright, 1. 20. :

A. lignosum. Rich. Fl. Cuba, 152, with syn. Griseb. Fl. Brit. W. Ind. 79,
and syn.

A. Palmeri. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 8. 289.

132 MALVACES. [Abutilon. Callirrhoe.

A. parvulum. Gray, Pl. Wright. 1. 21 & 2. 23. Walp. Ann. 4.315. Torrey, Pac.
R. Rep. 4.72; Mex. Bound. 39. Porter, Fl. Col. 16.

A. pedunculare. HBK. Nov. Gen. & Spec. 5. 278. Griseb. Fl. W. Ind. 78.
Sida peduncularis. DC. Prodr. 1. 469.

% Sida Hulseana. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 238. Eat. & Wr. 425. Walp. Rep.

1.316. Dietr. 4. 845.

2 A. Hulseanum. Torrey; Gray, Pl. Fendl. 23, referring it doubtfully to A.

confertiflorum, Rich. Chapman, 56. Wood, Bot. & Fl. 62.

A. permolle. Don, Mill. 1. 508. Gray, Pl. Wright. 1. 20. Griseb. Fl. W.

Ind. 78.
Sida permollis. Willd. Enum. 725. DC. Prodr. 1. 471. Spreng. Syst. 3. 114.

A. Sonore. Gray, Pl. Wright. 2. 23; Pl. Thurb. 808. Walp. Ann. 4. 815.

A. Texense. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 231. Eat. & Wr. 111. Gray, Pl. Lindh.
161; Pl. Wright. 1.21 & 2.23; Pl. Thurb. 308; Hall’s Pl. Tex.5. Torrey, Mex.

Bound. 39. Young, Fl. Tex. 183.
A, Nuttall. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 231.. Eat. & Wr. 111.

A. Thurberi. Gray, Pl. Thurb. 307. Walp. Ann. 4. 314. Torrey, Mex. Bound. 39.
A. Wrightii. Gray, Pl. Lindh. 162; Pl. Wright. 1. 20 & 2. 23; Hall’s Pl. Tex. 5.

Walp. Ann. 2. 157.

ALTHZA orricrnatis, Linn. Bigel. Fl. Bost. 259. Torrey, eae
Fl. N. Y. 1.112. Beck, Bot. 57. Darling. Fl. Cestr. 395. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1.
Gray, Manual, 99.
AWNODA cristata. Schlecht. in Linn. 11. 210.

Sida cristata. Linn. Spec. 2 ed. 964. Ait. Hort. Kew. 2: 444. Curtis, Bot. Mag.
t. 330. Willd. Spec. 3. 763.

A. Dilleniana. Cav. Diss. 1. 40, t. 11, f. 1. DC. Prodr. 1. 458.

A, triloba. Cav. Diss. 1. 89, t.10, f. 3. DC. Prodr. 1. 458.

A. hastata. Cay. Diss. 1. (38, t. 1, f£.022 )H BK. Nov.sGensiby 207, so CG:
Prodr. 1. 458. Schlecht. in Linn. 11. 214, with syn. Gray, Genera, 2. 64,
t. 124; Pl. Wright. 1. 20 & 2. 23. Griseb. Fl. Brit. W. Ind. 73. Torrey, Mex.

Bound. 39.
Sida hastata. Willd. Spec. 8. 768. Sims, Bot. Mag. t. 1541.
A. acerifolia. DC. Prodr. 1. 459, with syn.

A. parviflora. Cav. Icon. 5. 19, t.431. Link, Enum. 2. 207. DC. Prodr. 1. 459.

Reich. Hort. Bot. t. 44, Gray, Pl. Thurb. 308.
¢ A. erenatiflora. Orteg. Dec. 8. 96. Schlecht. in Linn. 11. 217, with syn.
Sida parviflora, Willd. Enum. 726.

A. Wright. Gray, Pl. Wright. 2. 22. Walp. Ann. 4.3f0. Torrey, Mex..

Bound. 39.

A. pentaschista. Gray, Pl. Wright. 2.22. Walp. Ann. 4.310. Torrey, Mex.

Bound. 39.

CALLIRRHOBE alczoides. Gray, Pl. Fendl. 18; Genera, 2. 53; Manual, 100.

Chapman, 54.

Sida alewoides. Michx. Fl. 2. 44. Persoon, 2. 247. Poir. Suppl. 1. 84. Pursh,
453. DC. Prodr. 1. 474. Don, Mill. 1. 496. Torr. & Gray, FI. 1. 234 & 681.

Eat. & Wr. 425. Dietr. 4. 859. Wood, Bot. & FI. 61.
Sida macrorhiza. James, Long’s Exp. 2. 121.

Malva pedata, var. () umbellata. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1.227. Hook. in Lond.

Jour. Bot. 6. 76.

Callirrhoe.| MALVACE. 133

C. macrorhiza. Gray, Pl. Fendl. 18; Proc. Acad. Philad. 1862, 161. Walp. Ann.
2.150. Engelm. Pl. Upp. Miss. 186.

C. digitata. Nutt. in Jour. Acad. Philad. 2. 181 (Linn. Litt.-Ber. 1829, 41). Gray,
Pl. Lindh. 160; Pl. Fendl. 17; Genera, 2.51; Pl. Wright. 1. 15 & 2. 20; Hall’s Pl.
Tex. 5. Torrey, Marcy’s Rep. 281. Torr. & Gray, Pac. R. Rep. 2. 160.

Nuttallia digitata. Barton, Fl. N. Am. 2. 74, t.62. Sweet, Brit. Fl. Gard. t. 129.
Sims, Bot. Mag. t. 2612. Torrey, Ann. Lyc. N. Y. 2.172. Hook. Exot. FI. 3,
t.171. Don, Mill. 1. 504. Spach, Hist. Veg. 3. 401.

Nuttallia pedata. Barton, Fl. N. Am. 2. 74. Torrey, Ann. Lye. N. Y. 2. 171 (as
N. palmata). Nutt.; Hook. Exot. Fl. 3, t.172; Jour. Bot. 1.197. Don, Mill.
1. 504.

Nuttailia cordata. Lindl. Bot. Reg. 23, t. 1938.

Malva digitata. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1.227. Eat. & Wr. 3138. Walp. Rep. 1. 292.
Dietr. 4. 817. Young, Fl. Tex. 181.

Malwa pedata. ‘Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 227, excl. var. Eat. & Wr. 318. Walp.
Rep. 1. 292. Dietr. 4.818. Torrey, Frem. Rep. 88; Emory’s Rep. 138 & 407.

C. involucrata. Gray, Pl. Lindh. 159; Pl. Fendl. 15 & 17; Genera, 2. 54,
t. 117; Pl. Wright. 2.20; Am. Jour. Sci. 2. 838. 407. Walp. Ann. 2. 150. Tor-
rey, Marcy’s Rep. 281; Stansb. Rep. 884; Pac. R. Rep. 4. 71; Mex. Bound. 38.
Engelm. Pl. Upp. Miss. 186. Torr. & Gray, Pac. R. Rep. 2. 126 & 160. Porter,
Fl. Col, 15.

Nuttallia involucrata. Nutt:; Torrey, in Ann. Lyc. N. Y. 2. 172.

Malva involucrata. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 226. Eat. & Wr. 318. Dietr. 4. 817.
Torrey, Frem. Rep. 88. Hook. Bot. Mag. t. 4681. Lemaire, Jard. Fleur. t. 356,
Walp. Ann. 4. 298.

C. verticillata. Gronl. in Rey. Hort. 1862, 171 & t.

Var. lineariloba. Gray, Proc. Acad. Philad. 1862, 161.
C. palmata. Buckl. in Proc. Acad. Philad. 1861, 449.
Malva lineariloba. Young, Fl. Tex. 180.

C. Papaver. Gray, Pl. Fendl. 17; Genera, 2. 54, t.118, £5 (carpel) ; Hall’s Pl.
Tex. 5. Chapman, 53.

Malva Papaver. Cav. Diss. 1. 64, t. 15, f 3. Desr. in Lam. Dict. 3. 743.
Willd. Spec. 3. 789. .Persoon, 1. 251. DC. Prodr. 1.481. Spreng. Syst. 3. 92.
Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 226 & 681, excl. syn. Dietr. 4.817. Hook. in Lond. Jour.
Bot. 6.76. Engelm. in Wisliz. Rep. 3. Wood, Cl.-Book, 267; Bot. & Fl. 60.
Young, Fl. Tex. 181.

Malva nuttallioides. Croom, Am. Jour. Sci. 26. 312 & 28. 168.

Nuttallia Papaver. Grah. in Bot. Mag. t. 3287 (Ann. Sci. Nat. 2. 5. 254);
Edinb. Phil. Jour. Jan. 1834. Hook. Jour. Bot. 1.196; Lond. Jour. Bot. 6. 76.
Spach, Hist. Veg. 3. 401. Don, Sweet’s Brit. Fl. Gard. t. 279. Maund, Bot. Gard.
11, t.489. Paxton, Mag. Bot. 6.178 & t.

Nuttallia grandiflora. Paxt. Mag. Bot. 5. 217 & t. Ann. Gand, 1847, t. 167.

C. pedata. Gray, Pl. Lindh. 160; Pl. Fendl. 17, excl. syn.; Genera, 2. 53, t. 118,
f. 1-4; Pl. Wright. 1. 15 & 2. 20. Rev. Hort. 6. 429, f. 148.

C. triangulata. Gray, Pl. Fendl. 16; Genera, 2. 54, t. 118, f. 6, '7 (carpel) ; Man-
ual, 108. Chapman, 53.

Malva trianqulata. Leavenw. in Am. Jour. Sci. 7.62. Eat. & Wr. 818. M. A.
Curtis, Am. Jour. Sci. 2. 7. 406. Wood, Bot. & Fl. 60.

Nuttallia cordifolia. Nutt. in Jour. Acad. Philad. 7. 98.

Nuttallia triangulata. Hook. Jour. Bot. 1. 197.

134 MALVACEAE. [Fugosia. Hibiscus.

Malva Houghtonii. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1.225 & 681. Eat. & Wr. 3138. Walp. Rep.
1.294. Dietr. 4.818. Engelm. in Am. Jour. Sci. 46. 96.
FUGOSIA Drummondii. Gray, Pl. Wright. 1. 23. Walp. Amn. 4. 308.
Elidurandia Texana. Buckl. in Proc. Acad. Philad. 1861, 450; fide Gray, in
same, 1862, 162. Walp. Ann. 7. 409.

GOSSYPIUM Davidsoni. Kellogg, Proc. Calif. Acad. 5, 82. (Lower Calif.)
G. ——? Benth. Bot. Sulph. 8.

HIBISCUS aculeatus. Walter, 177. Poir. Suppl. 3. 220. Torr. & Gray, FI.
1. 236. Chapman, 57. Wood, Cl.-Book, 269; Bot. & Fl. 62.

Hi. scaber. Michx. Fl. 2. 45. Persoon, 2. 257. Poir. Suppl. 3. 220. Pursh, 457.
DC. Prodr. 1. 449. Elliott, 2.169. Spreng. Syst. 8.102. Don, Mill. 1.478. Hook.
Jour. Bot. 1.197. Eat. & Wr. 269. Dietr. 4. 831.

H. Bancroftianus. Macf. Fl. Jam. 1.70. Walp. Rep. 1. 3806. Griseb. Fl. Brit.
W. Ind. 85. |

Achania pilosa. Swartz, Prodr. 102; Fl. Ind. 2. 1224. Ait. Hort. Kew. 2. 459.
Spreng. Syst. 3. 100.

Malvaviscus pilosus & penduliflorus 2 DC. Prodr. 1. 445.

Achania Poeppigii. Spreng. Syst. 8. 100.

Malvaviscus Floridanus. Nutt. in Jour. Acad. Philad. 7.89. Torr. & Gray, FI.
1. 229. Eat. & Wr. 314. Gray, Genera, 2. 78. Wood, Cl.-Book, 269.

Hibiscus truncatus. Rich. Fl. Cuba, 144, t. 16. Walp. Rep. 1. 805.

HH. Poeppigu. Garcke, Jahresb. Halle, 1850, 133.

H. Floridanus. Shuttlw.; Chapman, 58. Wood, Bot. & Fl. 63.
H. Californicus. Kellogg, Proc. Calif. Acad. 4. 292.

2 EH. Moscheutos, var. occidentalis. Torrey, Bot. Wilkes, 256.
H. cardiophyllus. Gray, Pl. Wright. 1.22. Walp. Ann. 4. 304. Torrey, Mex.
Bound. 40.

H. Carolinianus. Muhl. Cat. 65. Elliott, 2. 168. Hook. Jour. Bot. 1. 198.
Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 287. Eat. & Wr. 269. Chapman, 58. Wood, Cl.-Book, 270;
Bot. & FI. 63.

H. coccineus. Walter,177. Bartram, Trav. 104. . Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 238.
Eat. & Wr. 269. Chapman, 58. Wood, Cl.-Book, 270; Bot. & Fl. 63.

H. speciosus. Ait. Hort. Kew. 2. 456. Wendl. Hort. Herr. t. 11. Curtis, Bot.
Mag. t. 360. Salisb. Prodr. Stirp. 383. Willd. Spec. 8. 822; Enum. 737. Michx.
Fl. 2.47. Persoon, 2. 256. Poir. Suppl. 3. 218. Pursh, 456. Barton, Fl. N. Am.
1. 33, t. 9. Elliott, 2.170. DC. Prodr. 1. 451. Spreng. Syst. 8. 105. Don, Mill.
1.481. Spach, Hist. Veg. 3. 379. Dietr. 4. 834. Kolb, Rev. Hort. 1866, 230 & t.
H. Coulteri. Harv.; Gray, Pl. Wright. 1.23 & 2.24. Walp. Ann. 4. 305. Tor-
rey, Mex. Bound. 4o.

H. denudatus. Benth. Bot. Sulph. 7, t.3. Torrey, Pac. R. Rep. 5. 360.

Var. involucellatus. Gray, Pl. Wright. 1.22 & 2. 28. Torrey, Pac. R. Rep.
7.8; Mex. Bound. 4o.
H. furcellatus. Desr. in Lam. Dict. 8. 858. DC. Prodr. 1. 449. Spreng. Syst.
3.102. Wright & Sauv. Fl. Cub. 13.
H. grandiflorus. Michx. Fl. 2. 46. Persoon, 2. 257. Poir. Suppl. 3. 219.
Pursh, 455. James, Cat. 185. Elliott, 2.166. DC. Prodr. 1.451. Torrey, Ann.
Lyc. N. Y. 2.172. Spreng. Syst. 3. 105. Audub. Birds, t.20. Don, Mill. 1. 481.
Spach, Hist. Veg. 8. 880. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 238. Eat. & Wr. 269. Dietr. 4. 834.
Chapman, 68. Gray, Manual, 102.

Hibiscus.] MALVACE. 135

H. incanus. Schrader, Sert. Hann. t. 24. Wendl. Bot. Beobacht. 54 ; Hort. Herr.
4.8, t. 24 Kerner, Hort. Semp. t.105. Willd. Spec. 3. 807. Persoon, 2. 254.
Poir. Suppl. 8. 216. Pursh, 455. Elliott, 2.167. DC. Prodr.1. 451. Spreng.
Syst. 38. 105. Don, Mill. 1. 480. Hook. Jour. Bot. 1.197. Torr. & Gray, FI. 1. 237.
Eat. & Wr. 269. Dietr. 4. 883. Chapman, 57.

H. Mantnor, Linn. Michx. Fl. 2.45. Pursh, 457. Don, Mill. 1. 457. Torr. &
Gray, Fl. 1. 236. Eat. & Wr. 269.

? H. Collinsianus. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 287, in part, not Nutt.

Abelmoschus Manihot, Medic. Wood, Cl.-Book, 270.

H. militaris. Cav. Diss. 352, t.198,f 2. Willd. Spee. 3. 808. Persoon, 2. 254.
Pursh, 456. Sims, Bot. Mag. t.2385. Elliott, 2.168. DC. Prodr. 1. 451. Tor-
rey, Compend. 266; Ann. Lye. N. Y. 2.172. Spreng. Syst. 3.106. Don, Mill.
1. 480. Beck, Bot. 58. Hook. Jour. Bot. 1. 198. Spach, Hist. Veg. 3. 879. Torr.
& Gray, Fl. 1. 238. Eat. & Wr. 269. Dietr. 4.834. Chapman, 58. Gray, Man-
ual, 102.

Hi. levis. Scop. Del. Flor. 8. 35, t. 17. Lam. Dict. 8. 362.

FH. Virginicus. Walter, 177.

HI. hastatus. Michx. FI. 2. 45.

Hi. riparius. Persoon, 2. 254. Poir. Suppl. 3. 217.

H. Moscheutos. Linn. Spec. 693. Hill, Veg. Syst. 15, t.21,f.1. Cav. Diss. 163, t.
65,f1. Walter, 176. Willd. Spec. 8.806. Michx. Fl. 2.47. Persoon, 2.254. Pursh,
455. Elliott, 2.165. DC. Prodr. 1. 450. Torrey, Compend. 255; Fl. N. Y. 1. 115;
Pac. R. Rep. 4. 72. Spreng. Syst. 3.104. Sweet, Brit. Fl. Gard. t. 286. Hook.
Fl. Bor.-Am. 1. 107; Jour. Bot. 1.197. Don, Mill. 1. 480. Beck, Bot. 57. Spach,
Hist. Veg. 3.377. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 237. Eat. & Wr. 269. Dietr. 4. 833.
Lindl. Bot. Reg. 83, t.7. Gray, Genera, 2: 82, t.133; Manual, 102. FI. Serres,
1857, t. 1233. Chapman, 57. .

Hi. palustris. Linn. Spec. 693. Hill, l. ec. f. 2. Cav. Diss. 162, t. 65, f. 2. Wal-
ter, 176. Ait. Hort. Kew. 2.454. Lam. Dict. 3. 362. Willd. Spec. 3. 808; Enum. 735.
Sims, Bot. Mag. t. 882. Persoon, 2. 254. Pursh, 455. Bigel. Fl. Bost. 259. DC.
Prodr. 1. 450. Elliott, 2. 165. Torrey, Compend. 256. Spreng. Syst. 8. 105. Hook.
Fl. Bor.-Am. 1. 107; Jour. Bot. 1. 197. Don, Mill. 1.480. Beck, Bot. 58. Lindl.
Bot. Reg. 17, t. 1463. Spach, Hist. Veg. 8. 378. Dietr. 4. 8338.

H. ribifolius. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 5. 154. (Lower California.)

H. Syriacus, Linn. Gray, Manual, 102.

Hi. tiliaceus. Linn. Spec. 694. See syn. in Griseb. Fl. Brit. W. Ind. 86, under
Paritium. — Chapman, 58. :

H. Trionum, Linn. Beck, Bot. 58. Darling. Fl. Cestr. 896. Torrey, Fl. N. Y.
1.115. Gray, Manual, 102.

H. pallidus, Raf.

ff, Collinsianus. Nutt.; Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 237, in part. Eat. & Wr. 269.
Dietr. 4. 833.

Abelmoschus Collinsianus. Gray, Genera, 2. 82. Wood, Cl.-Book, 271.

H. altheefolius; Kosteletzkya altheex- H. Drummondii; Malvaviscus Drum-
folia. : mondii.
elypeatus ; Kosteletzkya Virginica, Floridanus ; Bancroftianus.
Collinsianus ; Manihot, Trionum. hastatus & levis ; militaris.

136 MALVACEZ. [Hibiscus. Malva.

HH. Moscheutos ; Californicus. HI. scaber ; aculeatus.
pallidus ; Trionum. smilacifolius ; Kosteletzkya Virginica.
palustris ; Moscheutos. speciosus ; coccineus.
pentaspermus ; Kosteletzkya Virgin- trisectus ; Jatropha urens.
ica. truncatus ; Bancroftianus.
Poeppigii ; Bancroftianus. Virginicus; militaris, Kosteletzyka
riparius ; vilitaris. Virginica.

INGENHOUZIA triloba. DC. Prodr. 1. 474.
Thurberia thespesioides. Gray, Pl. Thurb. 808 (Regensb. Flora, 38. 586). Tor-
rey, Mex. Bound. 40, t.6. Benth. & Hook. Genera, 1. 209 & 982. (Sonora.)

KOSTELETZKYA altheeefolia. Gray, Pl. Wright. 1. 23.

Hibiscus altheefolius. Shuttlw. in herb.

K. Virginica, var. althewfolia. Chapman, 57.
K. Coulteri. Gray, Pl. Wright. 1. 23. Walp. Ann. 4. 804. (Northern Mexico.)
K. digitata. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 8. 289.

K. paniculata. Benth. Pl. Hartw. 285. Torrey, Mex. Bound. 40. (Northern
Mexico.)

K. Virginica. Gray, Genera, 2. 80, t.132; Pl. Thurb. 302; Manual, 102. Chap-
man, 57. A. H. Smith, Proce. Acad. Philad. 1867, 18.

Hibiscus Virginicus. Linn. Spec. 697. Hill, Veg. Syst. 15, t. 27,£4. Jacq.
Icon. Rar. 1. 14, t. 142; Obs. Bot. 1. 123. Lam. Dict. 3. 848. Willd. Spec. 3. 830.
Michx. Fl. 2. 46. Persoon, 2. 257. Ait. f. Hort. Kew. 4. 230. Pursh, 456. Elliott,
2.167. DC. Prodr. 1. 447. Torrey, Compend. 256; Fl. N. Y. 1.114. Don, Mill.
1.477. Beck, Bot. 57. Hook. Jopr. Bot. 1. 197. Spach, Hist Veg. 3. 372.
Audubon, Birds, t. 425. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 236. Eat. & Wr. 269. Dietr.
4, 829. :

Hibiscus clypeatus. Walter, 177.

2 Malva abutiloides. Pursh, 454, not Linn. Elliott, 2.164. Torr. & Gray, Fl.
1. 228. Eat. & Wr. 3138.

Hibiscus pentaspermus. Nutt. in Am. Jour. Sci. 5. 298, not Bert.

Pavonia Virginica. Spreng. Syst. 3. 98.

Var. smilacifolia. Chapman, 57.

Hibiscus smilacifolius. Shuttlw. in herb.

K. smilacifolia. Gray, Pl. Wright. 1. 23.

LAVATERA assurgentiflora. Kellogg, Proc. Calif. Acad. 1.11 & 14. Boland.

Cat. 7. Brew. & Wats. Bot. Calif. 1. 83.
L. insularis. Watson, Proc. Am. Acad. 12. 249.
L. occidentalis. Watson, 1.c. 11.115 ©124. Brew. & Wats.l.c. (Guadalupe Is.)
L. venosa. Watson, l. ec. 12. 249. ’
MALACHRA palmata. Moench, Meth. 615. DC. Prodr. 1. 441; Pl. Rar. Gen.
4.25, t. 5. Griseb. Fl. Brit. W. Ind. 81.

? MW. Mexicana. Schrad. Sem. Hort. Goett. 1880 (Linn. Litt.-Ber. 1831, 75).
Schlecht. in Linn. 11. 854. Gray, Genera, 2. 74, t. 129.
MALVA porearis, Wallm. Gray, Genera, 2. 50, t. 116, f. 5, 6 (fruit); Pl.
Fendl. 15 & 16. Torrey, Pac. R. Rep. 4. 71; Mex. Bound. 38. Newberry, Pac. R.
Rep. 6. 68. Cooper, same, 12. 57.

M. obtusa. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1.225. Eat. & Wr. 313. Walp. Rep. 1. 294.
Dietr. 4. 813.

Malva. Malvastrum. | MALVACE. 137

M. moscuara, Linn. Gray, Manual, 99.

M. rorunpiroria, Linn. Pursh, 454. Bigel. Fl. Bost. 259. Elliott, 2.163. Tor-
rey, Compend. 255; Fl. N. Y. 1.111. Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am. 1. 106; Journ. Bot. 1. 196.
Beck, Bot. 57. Darling. Fl. Cestr. 895. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 225. Eat. & Wr. 313.
Gray, Genera, 2. 50, t. 116; Pl. Fendl. 15 & 16; Manual, 99. Chapman, 53. Coul-
ter, Hayd. Rep. 1872, 762.

M. sytvestris, Linn. Beck, Bot. 57. Darling. Fl. Cestr. 394. Torrey, Fl. N. Y.
1.112. Gray, Manual, 99.

M. abutiloides ; Kosteletzkya Virginica. | JL. malachroides ; Sidalcea malachroides.

Americana; Malvastrum tricuspi-
datum.

angustifolia ; Spheralcea angusti-
folia.

aurantiaca ; Malvastrum Wrightii.

Californica ; Sida hederacea.

Caroliniana ; Modiola multifida.

coccinea & Creeana; Malvastrum coc-
cineum.

digitata; Callirrhoe digitata.

eriocarpa ; Modiola multifida.

fasciculata; Malvyastrum Munro-
anum.

hederacea ; Sida hederacea.

Houghton ; Callirrhoe triangulata.

involucrata ; Callirrhoe involucrata.

LeContei ; Pavonia hastata.

* Lindheimeriana ; Malvastrum tricus-
pidatum.

lineariloba ; Callirrhoe involucrata.

MALVASTRUM angustum. Gray, Pl. Fendl. 22; Manual, 101.
2. 152.

Chapman, 54.
Sida hispida. Pursh, 452.

Elliott, 2. 159.

Munroana; Malvastrum Munro-
anum.

nuttallioides ; Callirrhoe Papaver.

obtusa ; borealis.

ovata ; Malvastrum spicatum.

Papaver ; Callirrhoe Papaver.

pedata ; Callirrhoe alceoides & digi-
tata.

plicata ; Sida hederacea.

polystachya ; Malvastrum spicatum.

prostrata ; Modiola multifida.

rivuiaris ; Spheralcea rivularis.

spicata ; Malvastrum spicatum.

stellata ; Spheralcea angustifolia.

subhastata ; Malvastrum tricuspida-
tum.

triangulata ; Callirrhoe triangulata.

tricuspidata; Malvastrum tricuspi-
datum.

Walp. Ann.

DC. Prodr 1) 472) > Dons Mall:

1. 498. Hook. Jour. Bot. 1.198. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 232 & 681. Eat. & Wr. 425.
Fisch. & Mey. Ind. Sem. Petr. 7. 55 (Linn. Litt.-Ber. 1840, 120; Ann. Sci. Nat.
2. 16. 58). :
M.coccineum. Gray, Pl. Fendl. 21 & 24; Genera, 2. 60, t. 121; Pl. Wright.
1. 16 & 2. 20; Pac. R. Rep. 12. 41; Manual, 101.. Walp. Ann. 2. 152. Engelm. PI.
Upp. Miss. 186. Torrey, Marcy’s Rep. 281; Stansb. Rep. 884; Pac. R. Rep. 4. 71
& 7.8; Mex. Bound. 38. Torr. & Gray, Pac. R. Rep. 2.161. Pl. Bourgeau, 255.
Porter, Hayd. Rep. 1870, 473; 1871, 479; Fl. Col. 16. Watson, King’s Rep. 5. 47;
Pl. Wheel. 6. Coulter, Hayd. Rep. 1872, 762. Rothr. Pl. Wheel. 35.

Malva coccinea. Nutt. Fras. Cat.; Genera, 2. 81. James, Long’s Exped. 2. 140.
Torrey, Ann. Lye. N. Y. 2.171. Engelm. Wisliz. Rep. 3.

Cristaria coccinea. Pursh, 454. Sims, Bot. Mag. t.1673. Poir. Suppl. 5. 634.
Baldwin, Cat. 337. Don, Mill. 1. 489. Nees, Pl. Wied. 5.

Sida coccinea. DC. Prodr. 1.465. Spreng. Syst. 8.121, Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am.
1.108; Lond. Jour. Bot. 6.77. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1.285. Eat. & Wr. 425. Tor-
rey, Nicol. Rep. 147 ; Frem. Rep. 88; Emory’s Rep. 138 & 407. Dietr. 4. 857.

138 MALVACEZ. [Malvastrum.

Var. grossulariefolium. Torrey, Stansb. Rep. 884. Gray, Pl. Wright. 1. 16.

Durand, Fl. Utah, 160. Watson, King’s Rep. 5. 47.

Malva Creeana. Graham in Bot. Mag. t. 3698. Paxton, Mag. Bot. 6. 55 & t.
Walp. Rep. 1. 298.

Sida grossulariefolia. Hook. & Arn. Bot. Beechey, 826. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 682.
Walp. Rep. 1. 316. Dietr. 4. 849.

Malvastrum grossularicefolium. Gray, Pl. Fendl. 21.

Spheralcea pedata. Torrey; Gray, Pl. Fendl. 28.

Var. dissectum. Gray, l.c.24; Pl. Wright. 1.17. Walp. Rep. 1.816. Wat-
son, Pl. Wheel. 6.
Sida dissecta. Nutt.; Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 235. Hook. & Arn. Bot. Beechey,
327. Eat. & Wr. 425. Walp.l.c. Dietr. 4. 849. Hook. Lond. Journ. Bot. 6. 77.

M. Coulteri. Watson, Proc. Am. Acad. 11.125. Brew. & Wats. Bot. Calif. 1. 85.
M. exile. Gray, Ives’ Rep. 8; Proc. Am. Acad. 7. 333. Brew. & Wats. 1. c.

M. leptophyllum. Gray, Pl. Wright. 1.17 & 2. 20; Pl. Thurb. 300. Walp. Ann.
4.299. Torrey, Mex. Bound. 88.

M. marrubioides. Dur. & Hilg. in Jour. Acad. Philad. 2. 3.88; Pac. R. Rep.
5. 6, t.2. Walp. Ann. 4. 300 & 7. 890. Boland. Cat. 7.

M. Munroanum. Gray, Pl. Fendl. 21; Ives’s Rep. 8. Cooper, Pac. R. Rep. 12. 51.
Torrey, Mex. Bound. 88; Bot. Wilkes, 254. Anderson, Cat. 118. Boland. Cat. 7.
Watson, King’s Rep. 5. 47; Pl. Wheel. 6. Porter, Hayd. Rep. 1871, 479. Coulter,
same, 1872, 762.

Malva Munroana. Dougl.; Lindl. Bot. Reg. 16, t.1306. Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am.
1.106; Bot. Mag. t.3537. Don, Mill. 1. 464. Maund, Bot. Gard. 10, t. 473.
Paxton, Mag. Bot. 4. 264,&t. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 226. Hat. & Wr. 313. Walp.
Rep. 1. 294. Loud. Arbor. 4. 2538, f. 2411. Dietr. 4. 816. Torrey, Emory’s Rep.
158. Burnett, Encye. Pl. t. 217.

Nuttallia Munroana. Nutt. in Jour. Acad. Philad. 7. 16. 7

Spheralcea Munroana. Spach, Hist. Veg. 8. 353.

M. rotundifolium. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 7. 333. Brew. & Wats. 1. c. 85.

M. spicatum. Gray, Pl. Fendl. 22. Griseb. Fl. Brit. W. Ind. 72.
Malva spicata. Linn. Spec. 2 ed. 967. Cav. Diss. 1. 80, t. 20, f. 4.
Malva ovata. Cay. Diss. 1. 81, t. 20, f. 2.

Malva polystachya. Cay. Diss. 2. 281, t. 138, f. 3.

M. splendidum. Kellogg, Proc. Calif. Acad. 1.65. Brew. & Wats. 1. e.

M. Thurberi, Gray, Pl. Thurb. 807. Walp. Ann. 4. 299. Torrey, Mex. Bound.
38. Brew. & Wats. l. c.

Malva fasciculata. Nutt.; Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1.225. Eat. & Wr. 318. Walp.
Rep. 1. 294. Dietr. 4. 817.

M. tricuspidatum. Gray, Pl. Wright. 1.16; Bot. Wilkes’ Expl. Exped. 1. 148,
with syn. Griseb. Fl. Brit. W. Ind. 72, with syn. Chapman, 54. <A. H. Smith,
Proc. Acad. Philad. 1867, 18. Wood, Bot. & Fl. 61.

Malva Americana. ‘Linn. Spec. 687. Cav. Diss. 1. 80, t. 22, £2. DC. Prodr.
1. 430.

Malva tricuspidata. Ait. f. Hort. Kew. 4. 210. DC. Prodr. 1. 480, with syn.
Spreng. Syst. 8. 88. ;

Malva subhastata. Cay. Diss. 1. T2t alate. pC. Prodr. 1. 4305 St: Hil. FI.
nase 14s

Sida spirlefolia. Willd. Enum. Suppl. 49. DC. Prodr. 1. 472.

Sida bracteolata & carpinoides. DC. Prodr. 1. 460 & 461.

Malvastrum. Pavonia.] MALVACEZ. 139

2 Malope malacoides. Walter, 176. Pursh, 455. Nutt. Genera, 2. 82.
2.164. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 224.

Malvastrum carpinifolium. Gray, Pl. Lindh. 161; Pl. Fendl. 22.

Malva Lindheimeriana. Scheele in Linn. 21. 470.

Malvastrum (2) Lindheimertanum. Walp. Ann. 2. 153.

Malvastrum Americanum. Torrey, Mex. Bound. 38.
M. Wrightii. Gray, Pl. Lindh. i160; Pl. Fendl. 21; Genera, 2. 60 & 230, t. 131.
Walp. Ann. 2. 152.

Malva aurantiaca. Scheele, Linn. 21. 469.

Malvastrum (%) aurantiacum. Walp. Ann. 2. 158.

i
&
a
°
(a>

Ree

M. Americanum ; tricuspidatum. M. linearifolium ; Sida fasciculata.

~ qurantiacum ; Wrightii. Lindheimerianum ; tricuspidatum.
carpinifolium ; tricuspidatum. pedatifidum ; Spheralcea Fendleri.
Fremontii; Spheralcea Lindheimeri. Thurberi ; Munroanum.

grossulariefolium ; coccineum. ®

MALVAVISCUS Drummondii. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1.230. Eat. & Wr. 314.
Engelm. & Gray, Pl. Lindh. 6. Gray, Genera, 2. 78, t. 131; Pl. Wright. 1. 22 ;
Hall’s Pl. Tex. 5. Torrey, Mex. Bound. 40. Wood, Cl.-Book, 269.

Pavonia Drummondii. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1.682. Walp. Rep. 1. 298. Dietr.
4.824. Gray, Genera, 2. 76.

Hibiscus Drummondii. Young, Fl. Texas, 186.

MODIOLA multifida. Moench, Meth.620. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 229. Scheele,
Rom. Texas, 434. Chapman, 56. A. H. Smith, Proc. Acad. Philad. 1867, 18.
Gray, Manual, 102; Hall’s Pl. Tex. 5. .

Malva Caroliniana. Linn. Spec. 688. Cay. Diss. 1. 58, t=.15,f.1. Hill, Veg.
Syst. 16,t.3,f 2. Walter, 176. Lam. Dict. 3. 739. Ait. Hort. Kew. 2. 448.
Willd. Spee. 8. 784; Enum. 731. Michx. Fl. 2.44. Persoon, 2. 251. Pursh, 454.
Elliott, 2. 168. DC. Prodr. 1. 435. Spreng. Syst. 3.92. Hook. Jour. Bot. 1. 196.
Dietr. 4. 817. Regel, Ind. Sem. Petr. 1860, 50.

Malva prostrata. Cay. Diss. 1. 58, t.16, f. 3. DC. Prodr. 1. 436.

Malva eriocarpa. DC. Prodr. 1. 436.

Modiola Caroliniana. Don, Mill. 1. 466. Gray, Genera, 2. 72, t.128. Griseb.
Fl. Brit. W. Ind. 72.

NAPZG4A dioica. Linn. Spec. 686. Hill, Veg. Syst. 15, t.50,f.2. Gray, Pl.
Fendl. 20; Genera, 2. 56, t. 119; Manual, 100.

NV. scabra. Linn. Mant. 2.4385. Ait. Hort. Kew. 3.417. Lam. Dict. 4. 421;
Til. 3. 138, t. 579, f. 2. Persoon; 2. 242.

Sida dioica. Cav. Diss. 2. 278, t. 182, £2. Willd. Spee. 8. 766; Enum. 726.
Ait. f. Hort. Kew. 4. 206. Pursh, 453. DC. Prodr. 1. 466. Torrey, Compend.
255. Spreng. Syst. 3.122. Don, Mill. 1.496. Beck, Bot. 58. Spach, Hist. Veg.
8.400. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 234 & 681. Eat. & Wr. 425. Dietr. 4. 849.
PAVONIA hastata. Cav. Diss. 1. 138, t. 47, £2. DC. Prodr. 1. 443. Spreng.
Syst. 3.98. Reich. Hort. Bot. 3. 11, t. 227.

P. LeContei. Torr. & Gray; Gray, Pl. Fendl. 16; Genera, 2. 76. Wood, Bot.
& FI. 62.

Malva LeContei. Buckley, Am. Jour. Sci. 45. 176.

Pavonia Jonesii. Feay ; Wood, Cl.-Book, 269.

140 MALVACEZ. [Pavonia.

P. lasiopetala. Scheele, Linn. 21. 470.

P. Wrightii. Gray, Genera, 2. 76 & 230, t. 130; Pl. Lindh. 161; Pl. Wright.
1.22 & 2.24. Torrey, Mex. Bound. 39.

SIDA carpinifolia. Linn. f. Suppl. 307. Cav. Diss. 1. 21,t.2,f.3 © t.134, £1.
Jacq. Icon. Rar. 1, t. 135. DC. Prodr. 1.461. Griseb. Fl. Brit. W. Ind. 73, with
syn. See syn. also in Gray, Bot. Wilkes’ Expl. Exped. 1. 159; Masters, Hook. FL
Brit. Ind. 1. 823; and Oliver, Fl. Trop. Afr. 1. 180.

Var. brevicuspidata. Griseb. 1. ec.
S. acuta. Burm. Fl. Ind. 147. Gray, Pl. Wright. 1.19; Bot. Wilkes’ Expl.
Exped. 1. 159, keeping it distinct.
S. stipulata. Cav. Diss. 1. 22, t. 3, f 10. A. H. Smith, Proc. Acad. Philad.
1867, 18. Wood, Bot. & FI. 61.
S. glabra. Nutt. in Jour. Acad. Philad. 7.90. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 232. Eat.
& Wr. 425. Walp. Rep. 1. 316. Dietr. 4. 842. :

S. ciliaris. Linn. Spec. 2 ed. 961. Cav. Diss. 1. 21, t. 3, £9 & t.127,£2. DC.
Prodr. 1. 461. Chapman, 55. Griseb. Fl. W. Ind. 73. Wood, Bot. & Fl. 61.
SS. involucrata. © Richard, Fl. Cub. 162.
S. cuneifolia. Gray, Pl. Lindh. 105; Pl. Wright. 1.18. Walp. Ann. 2. 155.
S. Hlliottii. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 231 & 681. Walp. Rep. 1. 315. Dietr. 4. 842.
Gray, Pl. Wright. 2.21; Manual, 101. Torrey, Mex. Bound. 39. Chapman, 55.
S. gracilis. Elliott, 2.159, not Rich. Tat. & Wr. 425.
S. fasciculata. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1.231. Eat. & Wr. 425. Walp. Rep. 1. 315.
Dietr. 4. 842. Gray, Pl. Lindh. 163.
S. anomala, var. Mexicana. Moric. Pl. Nouv. 36, t. 24.
. Malvastrum linearifolium. Buckl. in Proc. Acad. Philad. 1861, 449; fide Gray in
same, 1862, 161.
S. filiformis. Moric. Pl. Nouv. 88, t.25. Walp. Rep. 1.321. Seem. Bot. Her-
ald, 271.
2S. diffusa. HBK. Nov. Gen. 5. 257. DC. Prodr. 1. 463.
S. fiicaulis. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 232. Eat. & Wr. 425. Walp. Rep. 1. 316.
Dietr. 4. 844. Gray, Pl. Lindh. 163; Pl. Wright. 2. 22; Hall’s Pl. Tex. 5. Torrey,
Mex. Bound. 38. Young, Fl. Texas, 183.

S. filipes. Gray, Pl. Lindh. 164; Pl. Wright. 1. 19. Walp. Ann. 2. 155. Torrey,
Mex. Bound. 38. .
2S. venusta. Schlecht. in Linn. 11. 365.

S. hederacea. Torrey; Gray, Pl. Fendl. 28; Pl. Wright. 1. 18 & 2.21; Ives’s
Rep. 8. Torrey, Pac. R. Rep. 5. 360; Mex. Bound. 38; Bot. Wilkes, 256. Wat-
son, King’s Rep. 5. 48; Pl. Wheel. 7.

Malva hederacea. Dougl.; Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am. 1. 107. Torr. & Gray, Fl.
1.227. Eat. & Wr. 818. Walp. Rep. 1. 292. Dietr. 4. 812. Newberry, Pac. R.
Rep. 6. 68.

Malva Californica. Presi, Rel. Haenk. 2. 121. Walp. Rep. 1. 295. Dietr. 4. 818.

Malva plicata. Nutt.; Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 227. Eat. & Wr. 218.

Sida (2) obliqua. Nutt.; Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 233 & 681. Eat. & Wr. 425.
Walp. Rep. 1. 316. Dietr. 4. 845.

S. lepidota. Gray, Pl. Wright. 1.18 & 2.21. Torrey, Pac. R. Rep. 4. 72; Mex.
Bound. 39. Walp. Ann. 4. 311.

S. Lindheimeri. Engelm. & Gray, Pl. Lindh. 5 & 31. Walp. Ann. 2. 154. Chap-
man, 55. Gray, Hall’s Pl. Tex. 5.

Sida] MALVACEA, 141

S. longipes. Gray, Pl. Wright. 1.19 & 2.21. Walp. Ann. 4. 311. Torrey, Mex.
Bound. 39.
S. Napza. Cav. Diss. 2. 277, t.132,£1. Wiild. Spec. 3. 766; Enum. 726. Ait.
f. Hort. Kew. 4. 206. Pursh, 453. Sims, Bot. Mag. t. 2193. DC. Prodr. 1. 466.
Torrey, Compend. 255. Spreng. Syst. 3.122. Don, Mill. 1. 496. Beck, Bot. 58.
Spach, Hist. Veg. 8. 899. Torr. & Gray, FI. 1.233. Eat. & Wr. 425. Dietr. 4. 849.
Gray, Pl. Fendl. 23; Pl. Wright. 1. 20; Manual, 101.

Napea hermaphrodita. Linn. Spee. 686. Hill, Veg. Syst. 15, t. 50,f1. St.
Hil. Fam. Nat. 2.61. Barton, Elem. Bot. Appx. 29, t. 20.

Napea levis. inn. Mant. 2. 435. Ait. Hort. Kew. 3.417. Lam. Il. 3. 138,
t. 579, £1. Poir. in Lam. Dict. 4. 420. Persoon, 2. 242.

Althea ricinifolia. Herm. Hort. Lugd. 22, t. 23.
S. physocalyx. Gray, Pl. Lindh. 163; Pl. Wright. 1. 20 & 2. 22; Hall’s Pl. Tex.
5. Walp. Ann. 2. 155. Torrey, Mex. Bound. 39.
S. rhombifolia. Linn. Spec. 684. See syn. in Gray, Bot. Wilkes’ Expl. Exped.
1.158; Griseb. Fl. Brit. W. Ind. 74; Masters, Hook. Fl. Brit. Ind. 1. 623. — Cav.
Diss. 1. 28, t. 3, £12. Michx. Fl.2. 43. Pursh, 462. Elliott, 2.160. HBK. Nov.
Gen. 5. 261. DC. Prodr. 1. 462. Don, Mill. 1. 492. Hook. Jour. Bot. 1. 198.
Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 232. Eat. & Wr. 425. C. A. Meyer, Ind. Sem. Petr. 9. 87
(Linn. 18. 196). Chapman, 55. Wood, Cl.-Book, 268; Bot. & Fl. 61.

S. stipulata. Chapman, 55, not Cav.

S. Elliott’, var. (4) Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 5. 154.

Var. retusa. Griseb. Fl. Brit. W. Ind. 75.
S. retusa, Linn. Cay. Diss. 1. 18, t. 3, f. 4, & t. 131, f. 2.

S. spinosa. Linn. Spec. 683. See syn. in Griseb. 1. c. 74; Masters, Hook. FI.
Brit. Ind. 1. 323. — Walter, 176. Cav. Diss. 1. 11, t. 1, f. 9. Michx. Fl. 2. 48.
Pursh, 452. Elliott, 2.161. DC. Prodr. 1. 460. Torrey, Compend. 254; Fl. N. Y.
1.118; Pac. R. Rep. 4. 72. Beck, Bot. 58. Hook. Jour. Bot. 1.198. Darling.
Fil. Cestr. 397. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1.231. Hat. & Wr. 424. C. A. Meyer, Ind.
Sem. Petr. 9. 87 (Linn. 18. 196). Gray, Pl. Fendl. 23; Genera, 2. 62, t.123; Man-
ual, 101. Chapman, 54.

Var. angustifolia. Griseb. 1. c. 74. :

S. angustifolia. Lam. Dict. 1.4. Medicus, Bot. Beobacht. 1788, 192. Cay.
Diss. 1. 14, t.2,f.2. DC. Prodr. 1.459. Gray, Pl. Wright. 1. 19 & 2. 21.

S. heterocarpa. Engelm.; Gray, Pl. Lindh. 163. Walp. Ann. 2. 154.
S.supina. L’Her. Stirp. t.52. See syn. in Griseb. Fl. Brit. W. Ind. 75. — Chap-
man, 54.

S,. pilosa & ovata. Cav. Diss. t.1, f. 8 & t. 196, f. 2.

S. tragicefolia. Gray, Pl. Lindh. 164. Walp. Ann. 2. 155.

S. abutiloides ; Abutilon Jacquini. S. Californica ; Sidalcea humilis.
Abutilon ; Abutilon Avicenne. carpinoides ; Malvastrum _tricuspi-
acuta; carpinifolia. datum. 3
alcwoides ; Callirrhoe alexoides. coccinea ; Malvastrum coccineum.
amplexicaulis ; Abutilon crispum. crassifolia ; Abutilon Jacquini.
angustifolia ; spinosa. crispa; Abutilon crispum.
anomala ; fasciculata. cristata ; Anoda cristata.
bracteolata ; Malvastrum _ tricuspi- delphinifolia ; Sidaleea humilis.

datum. diffusa ; filiformis.

142 MALVACEAE.

S. dioica ; Napzxa dioica.
diploscypha ; Sidalcea diploscypha.
dissecta ; Malvastrum coccineum.
Elliottii ; rhombifolia.
Jilicaulis ; filiformis.
glabra ; carpinifolia.
gracilis ; Elliottii.
grossulariefolia ; Malyastrum cocci-
neum.
hastata ; Anoda hastata.
heterocarpa ; spinosa.
~ hispida; Malvastrum angustum.
Hulseana ; Abutilon pedunculare.
imberbis ; Abutilon pedunculare.
involucrata ; ciliaris.
lignosa ; Abutilon Jacquini.
malveflora ; Sidalcea humilis & mal-
veeflora.

SIDALCEA candida.
(flower); Proc. Acad. Philad. 1863, 59.

[Sida. Sidalcea.

S. macrorhiza; Callirrhoe alezoides.

obliqua; hederacea.

Oregana ; Sidalcea malveeflora.

ovata; supina.

parviflora ; Anoda parviflora.

peduncularis ; Abutilon pedunculare.

peraffinis & periplocifolia ; Abutilon
Jacquini.

permollis ; Abutilon permolle.

pilosa; supina.

retusa; rhombifolia.

Sabeana; Melochia pyramidata.

spirlefolia ; Malvastrum__ tricuspi-
datum.

stellata; Spheeralcea angustifolia.

stipulata ; carpinifolia, rhombifolia.

tricuspidata ; Abutilon Jacquini.

venusta ; filipes.

Gray, Pl. Fendl. 20 & 24; Genera, 2. 58, t. 120, f.9
Walp. Ann. 2. 151. Torr. & Gray, Pac.

R. Rep. 2. 126, t. 2. Watson, King’s Rep. 5. 46. Porter, Fl. Col. 16.

S. diploscypha. Gray, Pl. Fendl. 19; Genera, 2. 58, t. 120, f.1-8. Benth. Pl.,
Hartw. 300. Torrey, Pac. R. Rep. 4. 71. Kellogg, Proc. Calif. Acad. 1. 58.
Boland. Cat. 7.

Sida diploscypha. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 234 & 682. Hook. & Arn. Bot. Beechey,
326, t.76. Eat. & Wr. 425. Walp. Rep. 1.316. Dietr. 4. 849.

S. Hartwegi. Gray, ‘Pl. Fendl. 20. Benth. Pl. Hartw. 300. Walp. Ann. 2. 151.
Durand, Pl. Pratten. 84. Torrey, Pac. R. Rep. 4. 72. Newberry, same, 6. 68.

S. delphinifolia. Gray, Pl. Fendl. 19; Gertera, 2. 58, t. 120, f. 10-12. Benth.
Pl. Hartw. 300.

S. hirsuta. Gray, Pl. Wright. 1.16. Torrey, Pac. R. Rep. 4.72. Newberry,
same, 6.68. Walp. Ann. 4. 309.

S. humilis. Gray, Pl. Fendl.20. Walp. Ann. 2. 151.
4.72 & 7.8. Brew. & Wats. Bot. Calif. 1. 84.

Sida delphinifolia. Nutt.; Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 235. Eat. & Wr. 425. Walp.
Rep. 1. 316. Dietr. 4. 849.

% Sida Californica. Nutt.; Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1.288. Eat. & Wr. 425. Walp.
Rep. 1. 316.

Sida malveflora. Hook. & Arn. Bot. Beechey, 326.

% Sidalcea Californica. Gray, Pl. Fendl. 19.

S. malachroides. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 7. 382.
Malva malachroides. Hook. & Arn. Bot. Beechey, 826., Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 681.
Walp. Rep. 1. 294. Dietr. 4. 8138. Gray, Pl. Fendl. 16.

S. malveeflora. “ Gray, Pl. Wright. 1. 16 & 2. 20; Pl. Thurb. 301; Proc. Bost.
Soc. Nat. Hist. 7. 146; Proc. Acad. Philad. 1863, 59; Proc. Am. Acad. 8. 378.
Benth. Pl. Hartw. 300. Torrey, Sitgr. Rep. 156; Stansb. Rep. 384; Pac. R. Rep.
4.72 & 7.8; Mex. Bound. 38; Bot. Wilkes, 253. Durand, Fl. Utah, 160. Torr. &
Gray, Pac. R. Rep. 2. 119 & 126. Durand & Hilg. same, 5. 6. Newberry, same, 6. 68.
Cooper, same, 12. 51 & 57. Walp. Ann. 4. 309. Anderson, Cat. 118. Boland. Cat.

Torrey, Pac. R. Rep.

-

Sidalcea. Spheeralcea.| MALVACE. 143

7. Porter, Hayd. Rep. 1870, 473; Fl. Col. 15. Watson, King’s Rep. 5. 46; Pl.
Wheel. 6. Coulter, Hayd. Rep. 1872, 762. Rothr. Pl. Wheel. 35.

Sida malveflora. DC. Prodr. 1. 474; Moc. & Sessé, Fl. Mex. t.'70. Lindl. Bot.
Reg. 12, t. 1036. Maund, Bot. Gard. 5,t.237. Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am. 1. 108;
Lond. Jour. Bot. 6. 77. Don, Mill. 1. 496. Spach, Hist. Veg. 3. 400. Torr. &
Gray, Fl. 1. 234. Hook. & Arn. Bot. Beechey, 136. Eat. & Wr. 425. Benth.
Bot. Sulph. 8. Dietr. 4. 849.

Nuttallia malveflora. Fisch. & Trautv. Ind. Sem. Petr. 3. 41 (Linn. Litt.-Ber.

1838, 101). Paxton, Mag. Bot. 7. 31 & t.

Sida Oregana. Nutt.; Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1.284. Eat. & Wr. 425. Walp. Rep.
1.316. Dietr. 4. 849.

Sidalcea Oregana. Gray, Pl. Fendl. 20.

Sidalcea Neo-Mexicana. Gray, Pl. Fendl. 20 & 23. Walp. Ann. 2. 151.

Callirrhoe spicata. Regel, Gart. Fl. 1872, 291, t. 737; Trud. Petr. 2. 309.
SPHZIRALCEA angustifolia. Spach, Hist. Veg. 38. 353. Benth. Pl. Hartw. 7.
Gray, Pl. Fendl. 22; Pl. Wright. 1.21. Torr. & Gray, Pac. R. Rep. 2. 126 & 161.
Torrey, same, 4. 72 & 7.8; Mex. Bound. 39. Watson, King’s Rep. 5. 417. Porter,
Fl. Col. 16.

Malva angustifolia. Cav. Diss. 1. 64, t. 20, f. 3; Icon. 1, t. 68. Ait. Hort. Kew.
2.447. Willd. Spec. 8.777. DC. Prodr. 1. 435. Spreng. Syst. 8.87. Hook. Bot.
Mag. t. 2839. Maund, Bot. Gard. 11, t. 517.

Spheroma angustifolium. Schlecht. in Linn. 11. 853.

Sida stellata. Torrey, Ann. Lye. N. Y.2.171. Don, Mill. 1. 490. Dietr.
4, 841. i

Spheralcea stellata. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 228. Eat. & Wr. 440. Walp. Rep.
1. 296. ‘Torrey, Emory’s Rep. 138 & 407. ‘

Mailva stellata. Dietr. 4. 816.
Var. lobata.

S. incana, var. oblongifolia. Gray, Pl. Wright. 2.21; Ives’s Rep. 8. Torrey,
Sitgr. Rep. 156; Pac. R. Rep. 4. 72. Watson, King’s Rep. 5. 48 & 417.

S. Emoryi. Torrey; Gray, Pl. Fendl. 25; Pl. Wright. 1. 21; Ives’ Rep. 8. Walp.
Ann. 4.501. Watson, King’s Rep. 5. 48; Pl. Wheel. 6. Brandegee, Fl. 8. W. Col.
234. Brew. & Wats. Bot. Calif. 1. 86.

S. incana. Torrey; Gray, Pl. Fendl. 23; Pl. Wright. 1.21; Proc. Am. Acad.
5.154. ‘Torrey, Pac. R. Rep. 5. 859 & 7.8; Mex. Bound. 39: Watson, King’s Rep.
6.48 & 417. Rothr. Pl. Wheel. 35.

S. Wright. Gray, Pl. Wright. 2.21. Walp. Ann. 4. 301.

S. Fendleri. Gray, Pl. Wright. 1. 21 & 2.21. Torr. & Gray, Pac. R. Rep. 2. 161.
Torrey, same, 7.8; Mex. Bound. 39. Walp. Ann. 4. 302.
S. miniata. Gray, Genera, 2. 70, t. 127, not Spach; Pl. Fendl. 19, excl. syn.
S. incana, var. Fendleri. Watson, Pl. Wheel. 7.
Var. dissecta.

Malvastrum pedatifidum. Gray, Pl. Lindh. 160; Pl. Wright. 1.17 & 2. 20. Walp.
Ann. 2. 152. Torrey, Mex. Bound. 38.

S. incana, var. dissecta. Gray, Pl. Wright. 1.21 &2.21. Torrey, Pac. R. Rep.
7.8; Mex. Bound. 89. Watson, King’s Rep. 5. 47.

Sidaleea Atacosa. Buckl. in Proc. Acad. Philad. 1864, 449; fide Gray in same,
1862, 161.

S. hastulata. Gray, Pl. Wright. 1.17 & 2. 21. Torr. & Gray, Pac. R. Rep. 2 161.
Walp. Ann. 4. 301. Torrey, Mex. Bound. 39.

aS gee

144 MALVACEZ. |[Sphzeralcea. Waltheria.

S. longisepala. Torrey, Bot. Wilkes, 255.
S. Lindheimeri. Gray, Pl. Lindh. 162. Walp. Ann. 2. 140. Watson, King’s
tep. 5. 47.

Malvastrum Fremontii. Torrey; Gray, Pl. Fendl. 21. Walp. Ann. 2. 152.
S. rivularis. Torrey; Gray, Pl. Fendl. 23. Torrey, Bot. Wilkes, 255.

Malva rivularis. Dougl.; Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am. 1. 107; Lond. Jour. Bot. 6. 76.
Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 226. Eat. & Wr. 313. Walp. Rep. 1. 294. Dietr. 4. 817.

S. acerifolia. Nutt.; Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 228. Eat. & Wr. 440. Walp. Rep.
1. 296. Hook. Bot. Mag. t. 5404. Porter, Hayd. Rep. 1870, 474; 1871, 479. Wat-
son, King’s Rep. 5. 48; Pl. Wheel. 7. Coulter, Hayd. Rep. 1872, 762. Gray, Am.
Jour. Sci. 3. 7. 289.
WISSADULA mucronulata. Gray; Torrey, Mex. Bound. 39.

Abutilon mucronulatum. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 5. 175.

STERCULIACE.

AYENIA microphylla. Gray, Pl. Wright. 1. 24 & 2.24. Walp. Ann. 4. 323.
Torrey, Mex. Bound. 4o.
A. pusilla. Linn. Spec. 2 ed. 1854. Sloan, Hist. Jam. t.132,f 2. Cav. Diss.
2. 289, t.147. DC. Prodr. 1.488. Gray, Pl. Wright. 1.24 &2.24. Griseb. Fl.
Brit. W. Ind. 92. Torrey, Mex. Bound. 40. Chapman, 59.
FREMONTYIA Californica. Torrey, Pl. Frem. 5, t. 2 (Regensb. Flora, 36. 704) ;
Proc. Am. Assoc. 4.191; Pac. R. Rep. 4.15 & 71. Newberry, same, 6. 68. Walp.
Ann.-4. 319. Gray, Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist. 7.146. Benth. & Hook. Genera,
1. 212 & 982. Hook. f. Bot. Mag. t.5591. Lemaire, Ill. Hort. 13, t. 496. Car-
rire, Rev. Hort. 1867, 91 &+t. Masters, Gard. Chron. 1869 (Seem. Jour. Bot.
7. 297). Boland. Cat. 7. Garden, 1878, 54 & t.

Cheirostemon (?) Californicus. Benth. & Hook. Genera, 1. 212.

Cheiranthodendron Californicum. Baill. Hist. Pl. 4. 70.
HERMANNIA Texana. Gray, Pl. Lindh. 165; Genera, 2. 88, t 135; PI.
Wright. 1. 24 & 2. 24. Torrey, Mex. Bound. 4o.
MELOCHIA pyramidata. Linn. Spec. 674. Cav. Diss. 2. 819, t. 172, f. 1.
DC. Prodr. 1.490. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 688. Gray, Pl’ Lindh. 165; Genera, 2. 86,
t.134; Pl. Wright. 1. 24 & 2.24. Griseb. Fl. Brit. W. Ind. 98. Torrey, Mex.
Bound. 40. Young, Fl. Texas, 187.

Sida Sabeana. Buckl. in Proc. Acad. Philad. 1861, 449; fide Gray in same,
1862, 161.
M. tomentosa. Linn. Spee. 2 ed. 982. Cav. Diss. 2. 319, t.172, f. 2. DC. Prodr.
1.490. Benth. Bot. Sulph. 8. Griseb. Fl. Brit. W. Ind. 98. Torrey, Mex. Bound.
40. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 5. 155.

M. frutescens. Jacq. Obs. 2, t. 44.*
WALTHERIA Americana. Linn. Spec. 673. See Griseb. Fl. Brit. W. Ind.
95; Gray, Bot. Wilkes’ Expl. Exped. 1. 189; Masters, Hook: Fl. Brit. Ind. 1. 374,
under W. Indica.— DC. Prodr. 1. 492. Chapman, 59.

W. arborescens, elliptica, microphylla & ovata. Cay. Diss. 2. 816, t.170,171. DC.
Prodr. 1. 498.

W. detonsa. Gray, Pl. Wright. 2.24. Walp. Ann. 4. 823. Torr. Mex. Bound. 40.

Corchorus. Tilia.] TILIACE®. 145

TILIACE A.

CORCHORUS pilolobus. Link, Enum. 2.72. DC. Prodr. 1.504. Don, Mill.
1. 642. Gray, Pl. Wright. 1. 24. Torrey, Mex. Bound. 40. Young, Fl. Texas, 188.

C. lasiolobus. Spreng. Syst. 2. 583.

C. siliquosus. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 289, not Linn. Eat. & Wr. 207. Gray,
Genera, 2. 94, t. 137.

C. siliquosus. Linn. Spec. 529. Hill, Veg. Syst. 14, t. 23, £1. DC. Prodr. 1. 504.
Hook. Jour. Bot. 1. 198. Gray, Pl. Wright. 1. 24. Griseb. Fl. Brit. W. Ind. 97.
Chapman, 60. Wood, Cl.-Book, 272; Bot. & Fl. 64. Young, FI. Texas, 188.
TILTA Americana. Linn. Spec. 514. Marsh. Arbust. 153. Ait. Hort. Kew.
2.229. Willd. Spec. 2. 1261. Persoon, 2.66. Michx. f. Arbr. Amer. 3. 311, t. 1.
Bigel. Fl. Bost. 214. James, Long’s Exped. 1. 63. Torrey, Compend. 214; FI.
N. ¥. 1.116. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 239. Loud. Arbor. 1. 373, t.22. Emerson,
Mass. Trees, 511. Gray, Genera, 2. 92, t. 136; Struct. Bot. 399, f. 742-747; Man-
ual, 103; Hall’s Pl. Tex. 5. Engelm. Pl. Upp. Miss. 186. Curtis, Bot. N. Car. 79.
Chapman, 59. Lesqx. Fl. Ark. 352. Pl. Bourgeau, 255.

T. glabra. Vent. Monog. Til. 9, t. 2 (Kon Ann. Bot. 1. 212). Nouv. Duham.
1. 228. Poir. Dict. 7. 681. Pursh, 862. Nutt. Genera, 2. 8. James, Long’s Exped.
1.317. DC. Prodr.1. 518. Elliott, 2.2. Guimp. Otto & Hayne, t.44. Hook. FI.
Bor.-Am. 1. 108.. Don, Mill. 1. 558. Beck, Bot. 59. Darling. Fl. Cestr. 312.
Eat. & Wr. 452. Dietr. 8. 287. Richards. Arct. Exped. 422.

T. Canadensis. Michx. Fl. 2. 806. Persoon, 2. 66. Poir. Dict. 7. 688.

T. nigra, Borck., & neglecta. Spach, Ann. Sci. Nat. 2. 2. 840, t.15; Hist. Veg.
4.27 & 29. Walp. Rep. 1. 359.

Var. pubescens. Loud. Arbor. 1. 374, t. 23, 24. Gray, Manual, 103; Hall’s Pl.
Mexras:

T. Caroliniana, Mill. Marsh. Arbust. 154.

T. Americana. Walter, 153.

T. pubescens. Ait. Hort. Kew. 2. 229. Willd. Spec. 2. 1162. Vent. Monog.
Til. 10, t. 3 (Kon. Ann. Bot. 1. 213). Nouv. Duham. 1. 228, t. 51. Persoon, 2. 66.
Michx. f. Arbr. Amer. 3. 317, t. 3. Pursh, 868. DC. Prodr. 1. 513. Elliott, 2. 8.
Torrey, Compend. 215. Don, Mill. 1. 553. Beck, Bot. 59. Eat. & Wr. 452.
Dietr. 3. 237. Curtis, Bot. N. Car. 79. Chapman, 59.

T. laxiflora. Michx. FI. 2. 806. Poir. Dict. 7. 683. Persoon, 2. 66. DC. Prodr.
1.513. Yorrey, Compend. 215. Don, Mill. 1. 553. Beck, Bot. 59. Spach, Ann.
Sci. Nat. 2. 2. 343, t.15; Hist. Veg. 4. 32. Dietr. 8. 287.

T. Mississippiensis. Bosc, Hort. Par.

T. truncata. Spach, ll. ec. 842 & 80. Dietr. 3. 2

T. Americana, var. Walteri. Wood, Cl.-Book, 2

T. heterophylla. Vent. Monog. Til. 16, t.5 (Kon. Ann. Bot. 1.216). Nouv.
Duham. 1. 229. Poir. Dict. 7. 688. Pursh, 868. DC. Prodr. 1. 518. Don, Mill.
1. 558. Spach, Ann. Sci. Nat. 2. 2. 845; Hist. Veg. 4. 84. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 239.
Eat. & Wr. 452. Walp. Rep. 1.359. Nutt. Sylva, 1. 90,t.23. Dietr. 3. 287.
Curtis, Bot. N. Car. 79. Chapman, 60. Gray, Manual, 103.

T. alba. Michx. f. Arbr. Amer. 8. 815, t.2. Eat. & Wr. 452.

T. laxiflora. Pursh, 363, not Michx. Elliott, 2. 2.

T. Americana, var. heterophylla. Loud. Arbor. 1. 375, t. 23.
TRIUMFETTA semirrivopa, Linn. Chapman, Coult. Bot. Gaz. 3. 3.

10

OT.
72.

a.

146 LINACES.

LINACEA.

LINUM adenophyllum. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 8. 624.
L. aristatum. Ingelm. in Wisliz. Rep. 17; Gray, Pl. Wright. 1. 25 & 26.
Pl. Wright. 2. 25; Ives’s Rep. 8. Walp. Ann. 3. 830.
L. Berlandieri. Hook. Bot. Mag. t. 3480, as Z. Berendicri. Dietr. 2.1025. En-
gelm. & Gray, Pl. Lindh. 5. Gray, Pl. Lindh. 156; Pl. Fendl. 25; Genera, 2. 108,
t. 143, f. 11-14; Pl. Wright. 1. 25; Hall’s Pl. Tex. 5. Planch. Rev. Lin. in Lond.
Jour. Bot. 7. 47 (Walp. Ann. 2. 120). Scheele in Linn. 21. 596; Rom. Texas, 434.
Torrey, Marcy’s Rep. 281; Mex. Bound. 4o. Engelm. in Gray, Pl. Wright. 1. 25.
Durand, Fl. Utah, 160. Pl. Bourgeau, 255.
L. rigidum, var. (?) Berlandieri. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 204. | Walp. Rep. 1. 289.
L. annuum. Nees, Pl. Wied, 5; Bot. Zeit. 2. 547.
L. Breweri. Gray, Proc. Calif. Acad. 1. 202; Proc. Am. Acad. 6. 521. Boland.
Cat. 7.
L. Californicum. Benth. Pl. Hartw. 299. Walp. Ann. 2.121. Torrey, Pac. R.
Rep. 4. 72. Newberry, same, 6. 68. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 6. 521.

L. congestum. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 6. 521. Boland. Cat. 7.

Gray,

L. digynum. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 7. 384.

L. Greggii. Engelm. in Gray, Pl. Wright. 1. 26. Walp. Ann. 4. 296. (Northern
Mexico.)

L. Kingii. Watson, King’s Rep. 5. 49. Porter, Hayd. Rep. 1870, 474. Coulter,
same, 1872, 763.

L. micranthum. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 7. 333.

L. multicaule. Hook.; Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1.678; Pac. R. Rep. 2. 161. Walp.
Rep. 1. 289. Gray, Pl. Lindh. 155; Pl. Wright. 1. 27; Hall’s Pl. Tex. 5. Planch.
in Lond. Jour. Bot. 7. 185 (Walp. Ann. 2.119). Engelm. in Gray, Pl. Wright. 1. 25.
Torrey, Mex. Bound. 4o.

L. selaginoides. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 205, not Lam. Eat. & Wr. 302.

L. hudsonioides. Planch. 1. c. 7. 186 (Walp. Ann. 2.120). Gray, Pl. Lindh. 156.

L. perenne. Linn. Spec. 277. See syn. in Ledeb. Fl. Ross. 1. 426; Planch. Rev.
Lin. in Lond. Jour. Bot. 7. 174 (Walp. Ann. 2. 116).— Nutt. Genera, 1. 206; Jour.
Acad. Philad. 7. 16. Richards. Frankl. Journ. 7. Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am. 1. 106.
Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 204; Pac. R. Rep. 2.161. Torrey, Nicol. Rep. 146; Frem.
Rep. 88; Sitgr. Rep. 156; Pac. R. Rep. 4. 72 & 7.8; Mex. Bound. 40; Bot. Wilkes,
251. Engelm. in Wisliz. Rep. 5; Gray, Pl. Wright. 1.25; Pl. Upp. Miss. 186.
Gray, Genera, 2. 108, t. 143, f. 9,10; Pl. Fendl. 25; Pl. Wright. 1. 25 & 2. 25; Pac.
R. Rep. 12. 41; Ives’s Rep. 8; Proc. Acad. Philad. 1868, 59; Hall’s Pl. Tex. s.
Seem. Jour. Bot. 51. Newberry, Pac. R. Rep. 6. 68. Hook. f. in Jour. Linn. Soc.
1.121; Arct. Pl. 288. Durand, Fl. Utah, 160. Wood, Cl.-Book, 276. Rothr.
Alask. 444; Pl. Wheel. 35. Boland. Cat. 7. Anderson, Cat. 118. Porter, Hayd.
Rep. 1870, 474; 1871, 479; Fl. Col. 16. Watson, King’s Rep. 5. 49; Pl. Wheel. 7.
Coulter, Hayd. Rep. 1872, 762.

L. Lewisti. Pursh, 210. Poir. Suppl. 5. 720. Bradbury, Cat. 336. Rom. &
Schult. Syst. 6. 746. James, Cat. 178; Long’s Exp. 2. 343. Barton, Fl. N. Am.
1. 30, t.8. Spreng. Syst. 1.962. Torrey, Ann. Lyc. N. Y. 2.171. Don, Mall?
1. 453. Nees, Pl. Wied, 5. Darwin, Jour. Linn. Soc. 7.82. Alefeld, Bot. Zeit.

25. 250.

Linum.] LINACER. 147

L. Sibiricum, var. Lewisii. Lindl. Bot. Reg. 14, t. 1163.

L. perenne, var. Lewisii. Eat. & Wr. 802. Planch. ll. ec. 175 (117).

L. decurrens, Kellogg, Proc. Calif. Acad. 3. 44, f. 11.

L. Lyallanum. Alefeld, Bot. Zeit. 25. 251.
L. rigidum. Pursh, 210. Poir. Suppl. 5. 720. Bradbury, Cat. 336. Nutt. Gen-
era, 1. 206. Rom. & Schult. Syst. 6. 754. James, Cat. 178; Long’s Exped. 2. 256.
DC. Prodr. 1. 424. Spreng. Syst. 1.964. Torrey, Ann. Lyc. N. Y. 2.171; Nicol.
Rep. 146; Frem. Rep. 88; Emory’s Rep. 407; Pac. R. Rep. 4. 72; Mex. Bound. 40.
Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am. 1. 105; Jour. Bot. 1. 196; Lond. Jour. Bot. 6.75. Don, Mill.
1.451. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 204, in part; Pac. R. Rep. 2.161. Eat. & Wr. 802.
Dietr. 2. 1024. Scheele in Linn. 21. 597. Planch. in Lond. Jour. Bot. 7. 474 (Walp.
Ann. 2.121), Engelm. in Gray, Pl. Wright. 1. 25; Pl. Upp. Miss. 186. . Parry, PI.
Minn. 610. Gray, Pac. R. Rep. 12.41. Wood, Cl.-Book, 276, including Z. sulcatum.
Pl. Bourgeau, 255. Young, Fl. Texas, 191. Porter, Fl. Col. 16.

Var. puberulum. Engelm. in Gray, Pl. Wright. 1.25. Gray, Pl. Wright. 2. 25.

LL. Berlandieri, var. Gray, Pl. Fendl. 25; referred to Z. r2gidum in Pl. Lindh. 157.
L. rupestre. Engelm.; Gray, Pl. Lindh. 232; Pl. Wright. 1. 25 & 2. 25; Hall’s Pl.
Tex. 5. Walp. Ann. 2.121. Engelm. in Gray, Pl. Wright. 1.26. Torrey, Mex.
Bound. 40.

L. Boottii, var. rupestre. Gray, PI. Lindh. 155.
L. spergulinum. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 7. 833. Boland. Cat. 7.

L. striatum. Walter, 118. Gmel. Syst. Veg. 1.514. Persoon, 1. 336. Poir.
Suppl. 8. 448. Rom. & Schult. Syst. 6.757. DC. Prodr. 1.425. Spreng. Syst.
1.962. Don, Mill. 1.452. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 205. Dietr. 2. 1026. Planch. in
Lond. Jour. Bot. 7. 522 (Walp. Ann. 2. 185), suppressing the species. Chapman, 63.
Gray, Proce. Am. Acad. 7. 834; Manual, 105.

L.. Virginianum. Reich. Hort. Bot. 2. 35, t. 198.

L. rigidum. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 204, in part.

L. Virginianum, var. oppositifolium. Engelm. in Gray, P]. Wright. 1. 26.

@L. Virginianum, var. (%) diffusum. Wood, Cl.-Book, 2 ed. 195.

2L. diffusum. Wood, Cl.-Book, 276; Bot. & Fl. 66.

L. sulcatum. Riddel, Cat. Pl. Ohio, Suppl. 10. Gray, Manual, 105.

L. striatum. Nutt. Genera, 1. 206, not Walt.

L. rigidum. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 204, in part. Gray, Pl. Fendl. 25. Wood, CL-
Book, 276.

L. Boottii. Planch. in Lond. Jour. Bot. 7. 475 (Walp. Ann. 2.121). Gray, Pl.
Lindh..155 & 157. Engelm. in Gray, Pl. Wright. 1. 26; Pl. Upp. Miss. 186. Tor-
rey, Marcy’s Rep. 281. Chapman, 68.

4 L. simplex. Wood, Cl.-Book, 276; Bot. & FI. 66.

L. usrrarissimum, Linn. Pursh, 210. Torrey, Fl. U. S. 330; Fl. N. Y. 1. 318.
Beck, Bot. 56. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 204.

L. Virginianum. Linn. Spec. 279. Hill, Veg. Syst. 14, t. 43, £1. Walter, 117.
Lam. Dict. 3. 523. Willd. Spec. 1. 1538; Enum. 839. Michx. Fl. 2. 86. Persoon,
1.335. Pursh, 210. Roém. & Schult. Syst. 6. 749. Elliott, 1.875. DC. Prodr.
1.424. Torrey, Fl. U.S. 330; Fl.N. Y.1.118. Bigel. Fl. Bost. 128. Spreng.
Syst. 1.964. Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am. 1. 106; Jour. Bot. 1.196. Don, Mill. 1. 451.
Beck, Bot. 56. Darling. Fl. Cestr. 210. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 204. Eat. & Wr. 802.
Dietr. 2. 1024. Planch. in Lond. Jour. Bot. 7. 480 (Walp. Ann. 2. 123). Gray,
Genera, 2. 108, t.143, f.1-8; Manual, 104; Hall’s Pl. Tex. 5. Engelm. in Gray,
Pl. Wright. 1. 26, excl. var. Chapman, 62.

148 LINACEZ. [Linum. Fagonia.

Var. (?) Floridanum. Planch. in Lond. Jour. Bot. 7. 480 (Walp. Ann. 2. 123).
Var. (?) Texanum. Planch. ll. cc. Gray, Hall’s Pl. Tex. 5.

LZ. annuum; Berlandieri. HI. San-Sabeanum ; Lechea Drummondii,
Berlandiert ; rigidum. selaginoides ; multicaule.
Boottii ; rupestre, suleatum. Sibiricum ; perenne.
decurrens ; perenne. simplex ; suleatum.
diffusum ; striatum. striatum ; suleatum.
hudsonioides ; multicaule. suleatum ; rigidum.
Lewisii & Lyallanum ; perenne. trisepalum ; Helianthemum scopa-
rigidum ; Berlandieri, striatum, sul- rium.
catum. Virginianum ; striatum.
MALPIGHIACE.

ASPICARPA hyssopifolia. Gray, Pl. Lindh. 167; Pl. Wright. 1. 36 & 2. 30,
Walp. Ann. 2. 206. Torrey, Mex. Bound. 48.
A. longipes. Gray, Pl. Wright. 1. 37 & 2.30. Walp. Ann. 4.370. Torrey, Mex.
Bound. 48.
BYRSONIMA lucida. HBK. Nov. Gen. 5.147. DC. Prodr. 1.580. Juss.
Monog. Malpig. 2. 40 (Walp. Rep. 5. 168). Richard, Fl. Cub. 115, t. 28, AL
Chapman, 82. Griseb. Fl. Brit. W. Ind. 115.

Malpighia lucida, Swartz. Hook. Bot. Mag. t. 2462.
GALPHIMIA angustifolia. Benth. Bot. Sulph. 9,t.5. Walp. Rep. 5. 186.
Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 5. 155.

G. linifolia. Gray, Pl. Lindh. 166; Genera, 2, 196, t.173; Pl. Wright. 1. 36 &
2. 30. Walp. Ann. 2.199. Torrey, Mex. Bound. 48.
HIRZAA septentrionalis. Juss. in Ann. Sci. Nat. 2. 13.259; Mon. Malpig. 2. 809
(Walp. Rep. 5. 831). Engelm. Wisliz. Rep. 30. Gray, Pl. Wright. 1. 37.

Var. Coulteri. Gray, Pl. Thurb. 303. Torrey, Mex. Bound. 48.

2 H. macroptera. DC. Prodr. 1. 586; Moc. & Sessé, Fl. Mex. t. 130.
H. sericea. Engelm.; Gray, Pl. Wright. 1.387. Walp. Ann. 4.370. (Northern
Mexico.)

fl. 2 Engelm. in Wisliz. Rep. 30.
JANUSIA Californica. Benth. Bot. Sulph. 8, t.4. Walp. Rep. 5.351. (Lower
California.)
J. gracilis. Gray, Pl. Wright. 1.37 & 2.30. Walp. Ann. 4. 369. Torrey, Pac.
R. Rep. 7. 9, t.1; Mex. Bound. 48.
MALPIGHIA glabra. Linn. Spec. 425. Cav. Diss. 2. 406, t. 234, f1. Sims,
Bot. Mag. t.813. DC. Prodr. 1.578. Don, Mill. 1. 685. Juss. Mon. Malpig.
2.11 (Walp. Rep. 5. 153). Torrey, Mex. Bound. 48.

ZYGOPHYLLACE.

FAGONIA Californica. Benth. Bot. Sulph. 10. Walp. Rep. 5. 885. Torrey,
Pac. R. Rep. 5. 359, t. 1; Mex. Bound. 42. Gray, Ives’s Rep. 9. Watson, King’s
Rep 5. 418.

Guiacum. Erodium.] GERANIACEZE. 149

GUIACUM Coulteri. Gray, Pl. Thurb. 312. Walp. Ann. 4. 406. Torrey,
Mex. Bound. 42. (Northern Mexico.)
G. sanctum. Linn. Spec. 382. DC. Prodr. 1. 707. Gray, Genera, 2. 123, t. 148.
Griseb. Fl. Brit. W. Ind. 184. Chapman, 64. Wood, Bot. & FI. 67.

G. verticale. Richard, Fl. Cub. 3821.

Var. parvifolium. Nutt. Sylva, 3. 16, t. 86.

LARREA Mexicana. Moric. Pl. Nouv. Am. 71, t. 48. Walp. Rep. 5. 386.
Torrey, Emory’s Rep. 137, t.3; Pac. R. Rep. 5. 859 & 7. 9; Mex. Bound. 42.
Gray, Genera, 2. 120, t. 147; Pl. Wright. 1. 28 & 2. 26; Pl. Thurb. 299; Ives’s Rep.
9. Torr. & Gray, Pac. R. Rep. 2. 161. Bigelow, same, 4.14. Durand & Hilg. in
Jour. Acad. Philad. 2. 3. 88; Pac. R. Rep. 5.6. Watson, King’s Rep. 5. 417; PI.
Wheel. 7.

Zygophyllum tridentatum. DC. Prodr. 1. 706.

Larrea glutinosa. Fngelm. Wisliz. Rep. 9. Torrey, same, 29. Walp. Ann.
3. 840.

PORLIERA angustifolia. Gray, Pl. Wright. 1. 28. Torrey, Mex. Bound. 42.
Guiacum angustifolium. Engelm. Wisliz. Rep. 29. Gray, Pl. Lindh. 158; Gen-
era, 2. 123, t. 149. Walp. Ann. 3. 840.

SERICODES Greggii. Gray, Pl. Wright. 1.28. Walp. Ann. 4. 403. Baill.
Hist. Pl. 4. 508. (Northern Mexico.)
TRIBULUS cistoides. Linn. Spec. 387. Jacq. Hort. Schoenb. t. 103. DC.
Prodr. 1. 703. Gray, Genera, 2. 116, t. 145. Griseb. Fl. Brit. W. Ind. 184. Chap-
man, 64. Wood, Bot. & Fl. 67. Made a variety of TY. terrestris, Linn., by Oliver,
Kl. Trop. Afr. 1. 288.
T. grandiflorus. Benth. & Hook. Genera, 1. 264.

Kallstremia grandiflora. Torrey; Gray, Pl. Wright. 1.28; Proc. Am. Acad.
5.155. Walp. Ann. 4. 404. Torrey, Mex. Bound. 42.

T. maximus. Linn. Spec. 386. Jacq. Icon. Rar. 38, t. 462. Lam. Il. t. 346, f. 2.
Elliott, 1.476. DC. Prodr. 1. 704. Torrey, Ann. Lyc. N. Y. 2.173. Benth. Pl.
Hartw. 7. Griseb. Fl. Brit. W. Ind. 134. Wood, Bot. & Fl. 67.

T. terrestris. Muhl. Cat. 43.

T. trijugatus. Nutt. Genera, 1. 277. DC. Prodr. 1. 704. Dietr. 2. 1423.

Kallstremia maxima. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 213. Gray, Pl. Lindh. 158; Pl. Fendl.
28 ; Genera, 2. 118, t. 146; Pl. Wright. 2. 26; Hall’s Pl. Tex. 5. Torrey, Emory’s
Rep. 137; Sitgr. Rep. 157; Mex. Bound. 42. Scheele, Rim. Texas, 482. Seem.
Bot. Herald, 275. Wood, Cl.-Book, 280. Porter, Fl. Col. 17.

YT. decolor. Macfadyen, FI. Jam.

GERANIACEA.

ERODIUM cicutarium. L’Her.; Ait. Hort. Kew. 2. 414. See syn. in Ledeb.
Fl. Ross. 1. 476. — Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am. 1. 116; Lond. Jour. Bot. 6. 76. Hook. &
Arn. Bot. Beechey, 1386. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1.208. Eat. & Wr. 237. Torrey, FI.
N. Y. 1.121; Stansb. Rep. 888; Pac. R. Rep. 4. 72 & 7.8; Mex. Bound. 41; Bot.
Wilkes, 252. Gray, Pl. Fendl. 25; Genera, 2. 130; Ives’s Rep. 51; Proc. Bost.
Soc. Nat. Hist. 7.146; Manual, 108; Proc. Am. Acad. 8. 378. Benth. Pl. Hartw.
301. Durand, Pl. Pratten. 84; Fl. Utah, 160. Bigelow, Pac. R. Rep. 4.16. New-
berry, same, 6. 68. Cooper, same, 12.51. Boland. Cat. 7. Anderson, Cat. rig.
Porter, Hayd. Rep. 1871, 480. Watson, King’s Rep. 5. 50; Pl. Wheel. 7.

150 GERANIACEZ. [Erodium. Geranium.

E. macrophyllum. Hook. & Arn. Bot. Beechey, 827. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 679.
Benth. Pl. Hartw. 301. Walp: Rep. 1.447. Gray, Genera, 2.130. Torrey, Pac.
R. Rep. 4. 72; Mex. Bound. 41.
E. moscuatum, Willd. Torrey, Pac. R. Rep. 7. 8.
E. Texanum. Gray, Pl. Lindh. 157; Genera, 2. 180, t.151; Pl. Wright. 2. 25;
Hall’s Pl. Tex. 5. Walp. Ann. 2. 234. ‘Torr. & Gray, Pac. R. Rep. 2.161. Tor-
rey, Mex. Bound. 41.

EE, macrophyllum. Gray, Ives’s Rep. 8.

FLOGSRKEA proserpinacoides. Willd. Act. Berol. 3. 448. Poir. Suppl. 2. 661.
Rom & Schult. Syst. 7. 53. Lindl. Hook. Jour. Bot. 1. 1,t.113. Torr. & Gray, Fl.
1.210. Dietr. 2.1052. Torrey, Fl. N. Y. 1.127, t.17; Bot. Wilkes, 258. Gray,
Genera, 2. 140, t. 154; Manual, 108. Schnizl. Icon. t. 259, f. 16-18, 24. Watson,
King’s Rep. 5. 50.

F’. lacustris. Persoon, 1. 893.

Nectris pinnata. Pursh, 289. Dietr. 2. 1200.

F. uliginosa. Muhl. Cat. 36. Nutt. Genera, 1. 228. Raf. in Am. Jour. Sci.
1. 878. Torrey, Fl. U.S. 1. 389. Beck, Bot. 19. Hook. Jour. Bot. 1.201. Dar
ling. FE]. Cestr. 213. Eat. & Wr. 246.

I’. palustris. Nutt. Genera, 1. 230. Barton, Comp. Fl. Philad. 1.171. Spreng.
Syst. 2. 135.

Cabomba pinnata, Rom. & Schult. Syst. 7. 1379.

GERANIUM cespitosum. James, Long’s Exped. 2. 3. Torrey, Ann. Lye.
N. Y. 2. 178; Sitgr. Rep. 156; Pac. R. Rep. 4. 72; Mex. Bound. 41. Torr. & Gray,
Fl. 1.207. Eat. & Wr. 2538. Walp. Rep. 1. 450; Ann. 2. 236. Engelm. in Gray,
Pl. Fendl. 27; Pl. os Miss. 186. Gray, PI. Fendl. 25; Pl. Wright. 2.25. Wat-
son, PI. neeoe

G. Carolinianum. Linn. ae 682. Hill, Veg. Syst. 15, t.38,f 2. Retz. Obs.
Bot. fase. 1. 28. Lam. Dict. 2.656. Cav. Diss. 2. 206, t. 84, f.1, & t. 124, f. 2.
Walter, 175. Ait. Hort. Kew. 2. 487. Willd. Spec. 3. 711; Enum. 716. Michx.
FI. 2. 38. mereeen 2. 236. Pursh, 449. Richards. Frankl. Journ. 16. DC. Prodr.
1. 648. Elliott, 2.157. Torrey, aie 254; Fl. N. Y. 1. 120; Nicol. Rep. 1463
Marcy’s Rep. 282; Pac. R. Rep. 4. 72; Mex. Bound. 41; Bot. Wilkes, 252. Spreng.
Syst. 3. 74. Gyaharn. Edinb. aa Tous 1828, 876. Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am. 1. 116;
Jour. Bot. 1. 201. Don, Mill. 1. 720. Beck, Bot. 65. Darling. Fl. Cestr. 392.
Hook. & Arn. Bot. Beechey, 186. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 207; Pac. R. Rep. 2. 161.
Eat. & Wr. 252. Dietr. 4. 799. Benth. Pl. Hartw. 35. Parry, Pl. Minn. 61o.
Engelm. Pl. Upp. Miss. 186. Gray, Pl. Wright. 2.25; Manual, 107; Proc. Am.
Acad. 8. 378. Cooper, Pace. R. Rep. 12.57. Chapman, 65. PI. Bourgeau, 255.
Boland. Cat. 7. Anderson, Cat. 119. Porter, Hayd. Rep. 1871, 480. Watson,
King’s Rep. 5. 50. Coulter, Hayd. Rep. 1872, 763.

CG. airum. Moench, Meth. 285.

G. lanuginosum. Jacq. Hort. Schoenb. 2. 8, t. 140.
Var. longipes. Watson, King’s Rep. 5. 50.

G. Carolinianum. Gray, Am. Jour. Sci. 2. 33. 404.
G. conumpBinum, Linn. Beck, Bot. 68. Eat. & Wr. 253. Gray, Manual, 107.
G. pissectum, Linn. Pursh, 449. Bigel. Fl. Bost. 257. Torrey, Compend. 254.
Beck, Bot. 67. Eat. & Wr. 253. Gray, Manual, 107.

G. erianthum. DC. Prodr. 1. 641. Bong. Sitch. 129. Hook. & Arn. Bot. Beechey, —
113. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 206. Eat. & Wr. 253. Ledeb. Fl. Ross. 1. 464. Dietr.

Ceranium.] GERANIACE. Sit

4.796. Rothr. Alask. 444. Miquel, Ann. Mus. Lugd.-Bat. 3.13. Torrey, Bot.
Wilkes, 251.

G. maculatum, B. Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am. 1. 115.
G. Fremonti. Torrey; Gray, Pl. Fendl. 26. Engelm. same, 27. Torrey, Frem.
Rep. 88; Emory’s Rep. 137 & 407 ; Marcy’s Rep. t. 3. Walp. Ann. 2. 236. Porter,
Hayd. Rep. 1870, 474; 1871, 480; Fl. Col. 17. Watson, King’s Rep. 5. 49. Coulter,
Hayd. Rep. 1872, 763. Rothr. Pl. Wheel. 36.

Var. Parryi. Engelm. in Am. Jour. Sci. 2. 33. 405. Gray, Proc. Acad. Philad.
1863, 59. Walp. Ann. 7. 484. Porter, Hayd. Rep. 1871, 480.

G. gracile. Engelm. in Gray, Pl. Fendl. 27. Walp. Ann. 2. 236. (Northen
Mexico.)
G.incisum. Nutt.; Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1.206. Newberry, Pac. R. Rep. 6. 68.
Cooper, same, 12.51. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 8. 378. Brew. & Wats. Bot. Calif.
1. 94.

G. albiflorum, var. (?) inctsum. Torr. & Gray, FI. 1. 206.

G. erianthum. Lindl. Bot. Reg. 27, Misc. 44; same, 28, t. 52, excl. syn.

G. Hookerianum, var. incisum. Walp. Rep. 1. 450.

G. viscosissimum. Fisch. & Mey. Ind. Sem. Petr. 11, Suppl. 18.

G. maculatum. Linn. Spec. 681. Hill, Veg. Syst. 15, t. 36, f. 3. Walter, 175.
Lam. Dict. 2. 660. Cav. Diss. 1. 218, t. 86, f. 2. Ait. Hort. Kew. 2.435. Moench,
Meth. 284. Willd. Spec. 3. 705; Enum. 715. Michx. Fl. 2. 38. Persoon, 2. 235.
Pursh, 448. Bigel. Fl. Bost. 256; Med. Bot. 1. 84,t.8. Elliott, 2.157. DC.
Prodr. 1. 642. Reich. Icon. Bot. t. 288. Torrey, Compend. 254; Fl. N. Y. 1. 119;
Nicol. Rep. 146. Spreng. Syst. 3.78. Raf. Med. Bot. 1. 215, f.42. Hook. FI.
Bor.-Am. 1. 115; Lond. Jour. Bot. 6. 76. Don, Mill. 1. 718. Beck, Bot. 67. Spach,
Hist. Veg. 38. 295. Darling. Fl. Cestr. 392. Lindl. Fl. Med. 221. Torr. & Gray,
Fl. 1. 206. Eat. & Wr. 252. Dietr. 4.796. Engelm. in Gray, Pl. Fendl. 27;
Pl. Upp. Miss. 186. Gray, Genera, 2. 128, t.150; Pac. R. Rep. 12. 41; Struct.
Bot. 403, f. 753-758; Manual, 107. Parry, Pl. Minn. 610. Chapman, 65. Lesqx.
Fl. Ark. 352. Pl. Bourgeau, 255. Traill, Canad. Fl. 41, t.4 Myers, Am. Natu-
ralist, 4. 438. p

G. pusitium, Linn. Muhl. Cat. 64. Torrey, Compend. 254; Fl. N. Y. 1. 120.
Beck, Bot. 67. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1.207. Eat. & Wr. 252. Gray, Manual, 107.

-G. Richardsoni. Fisch. & Mey. in Ind. Sem. Petr. 4.87. Lindl. Bot. Reg. 28,
under t. 52. Engelm. in Gray, PI. Fendl. 26. Gray, Pl. Fendl. 25; Am. Jour. Sci.
2. 33. 404; Proc. Acad. Philad. 1863, 59. Torrey, Pac. R. Rep. 4. 72. Porter,
Hayd. Rep. 1870, 474; 1871, 479; Fl. Col. 17. Watson, King’s Rep. 5. 49; PI.
Wheel. 7. Rothr. Pl. Wheel. 36.

G. albiflorum. Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am. 1. 116, t. 40; Bot. Mag. t. 3124, not Ledeb.
Graham, Edinb. Phil. Jour. 1831, June. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 206, excl. var., & 678.
Eat. & Wr. 253. Cooper, Pac. R. Rep. 12. 57. Pl. Bourgeau, 255.

G. Hookerianum. Walp. Rep. 1. 450. Pl. Bourgeau, 255.

G. pentagynum. Engelm. Wisliz. Rep. 6; Gray, Pl. Fendl. 27. Walp. Ann.
2. 236 & 837. Referred to G. Fremontii by Torrey in Wisliz. Rep. 31.

G. Robertianum. Linn. Spec. 681. See syn. in Ledeb. Fl. Ross. 1. 473. —
Pursh, 449. Bigel. Fl. Bost. 257. DC. Prodr. 1. 644. Torrey, Compend. 254;
Fl. N. Y. 1.121. Spreng. Syst. 3.75. Beck, Bot. 68. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 207.
Eat. & Wr. 253. Hook. f. Fl. Arct. 288. Gray, Manual, 107.

G. inodorum. Don, Mill. 1.721. Dietr. 4. 799.

152 GERANIACE2. [Geranium. Oxalis.

~

G. albiflorum ; incisum, Richardsonii. G. lanuginosum ; Carolinianum.
atrum; Carolinianum. maculatum ; erianthum.
erianthum; incisum. pentagynum ; Richardsonii.
Hookerianum ; incisum, Richardsonii. viscosissimum ; incisum.

inodorum ; Robertianum.

IMPATIENS fulva. Nutt. Genera, 1. 146. Barton, Comp. FI. Philad. 1. 119.
Torrey, Fl. U. S. 249; Fl. N. Y. 1.125. DC. Prodr. 1.687. Spreng. Syst. 1. 808.
Reich. Hort. Bot. 2.1, t.101. Hook. Fl. Bor-Am. 1. 117; Jour. Bot. 1. 201.
Don, Mill. 1. 750. Beck, Bot. 69. Darling. Fl. Cestr. 141. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 209.
Dietr. 1. 846. Eat. & Wr. 283. Spach, Hist. Veg. 18. 273. Gray, Genera, 2. 185,
t.152,153; Manual, 108. Engelm. Pl. Upp. Miss. 186. Cooper, Pac. R. Rep.
12.57. Chapman, 65. Pl. Bourgeau, 255.

I. biflora. Walter, 219. Willd. Spec. 1.1175. Persoon, 1. 257. Pursh, 171.
Rom. & Schult. Syst. 5. 349. Elliott, 1. 804. Sweet, Brit. Fl. Gard. t. 43.

I. nolitangere, 8. Michx. Fl. 2. 149. Bigel. Fl. Bost. 98.

I. maculata. Muhl. Cat. 26.

I. pallida. Nutt. Genera, 1. 146. Torrey, Fl. U. S. 248; FIN. Y. 1.125. DC.
Prodr. 1. 687. Spreng. Syst. 1. 808. Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am. 1. 117; Jour. Bot. 1. 201.
Don, Mill. 1. 750. Beck, Bot. 68. Darling, Fl. Cestr. 141. Torr. & Gray, FI.
1. 208. Dietr. 1 846. Eat. & Wr. 288. Gray, Pl. Fendl. 27; Manual, 108. Kn-
gelm. Pl. Upp. Miss. 186. Chapman, 65. Lesqx. Fl. Ark. 353. Pl. Bourgeau, 255.

I. nolitangere. Michx. Fl. 2. 149, excl. var. Pursh, 171. Bigel. Fl. Bost. 0.
Rom. & Schult, Syst. 5. 349. Elliott, 1. 603.

7. aurea. Muhl. Cat. 26.

2? [.——? Anderson, Cat. 119. Brew. & Wats. Bot. Calif. 1. 93.

LIMNANTHES alba. Hartw.; Benth. Pl. Hartw. 301. Lindl. in Journ. Hort.
Soc. Lond. 4. 112. Walp. Ann. 2. 239. Durand, Pl. Pratten. 84. Torrey, Pac. R.
Rep. 4. 73. Brew. & Wats. Bot. Calif. 1. 95.

L. Douglasii. R. Br. in Lond. & Edinb. Phil. Mag. 2. 70. Lindl. Bot. Reg. 20,
t.1673. Benth. in Hort. Trans. 2. 1.409. Don in Sweet’s Brit. Fl. Gard. 2d ser.
t.378. Hook. Bot. Mag. t. 3554. Hook. & Arn. Bot. Beechey, 328. Torr. &
Gray, Fl. 1. 209. Eat. & Wr. 801. Dietr. 2. 1419. Chatin, Ann. Sci. Nat.
4. 6. 249. Newberry, Pac. R. Rep. 6. 69. Torrey, Mex. Bound. 42. Schnizl. Icon.*
t. 259, f.1-15 & 19-23. Maout & Decne. 355, figs. Boland. Cat. 7. Wood, Bot. °
& Fl. 68.

L. rosea. Hartw.; Benth. Pl. Hartw. 302. Lindl. in Jour. Hort. Soc. Lond.
4.78 & fig. Walp. Ann. 2. 239. Torrey, Pac. R. Rep. 4.78. Van Houtte, FL.
Serres, 5. 431 & fig. Boland. Cat. 7.

Floerkea Douglasii. Baillon, Adansonia, 10. 362; Hist. Pl. 5. 20, f. 50-54.

OXALIS Acetosella. Linn. Spec. 433. See syn. in Jacq. Oxal. 20; Ledeb.
Fl. Ross. 1. 482. —Michx. Fl. 2. 88. Pursh, 322. Nutt. Genera, 1. 292. DC.
Prodr. 1. 700. Torrey, Fl. U. S. 461; FI. N. Y. 1.122. Bigel. Fl. Bost. 257.
Spreng. Syst. 2.424. Raf. Med. Bot. 2. 46, f. 68. Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am. 1. 118, in
part. Beck, Bot.69. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1.211. Eat. & Wr. 336. Chapman, 68.
Hook. f. Arct. Pl. 288. Gray, Manual, 109.

O. Americana. Bigelow; DC. Prodr. 1. 700. Zuce. Oxal. 26 & Nachtr. 35.
Don, Mill. 1. 766.

O. Berlandieri. Torrey, Mex. Bound. 41. Walp. Ann. 7. 495.

Oxalis. | GERANIACEZ. 153

O. corniculata. Linn. Spec. 435. See syn. in Jacq. Oxal. 15 & 16 (under O. cor-
niculata & stricta); Ledeb. Fl. Ross. 1. 488; Hook. Fl. N. Zeal. 1.42; Benth. FI.
Austral. 1. 801; Edgew. & Hook. f. Fl. Brit. Ind. 1. 486.— Sav. in Lam. Dict.
4.688. Michx. Fl. 2. 39. Pursh, 322. Poir. Suppl. 4. 251. Elliott, 1. 525. DC.
Prodr. 1.692. Torrey, Fl. U. S. 462. Zuce. Oxal. 84 & Nachtr. 54. Hook. FI.
Bor.-Am. 1.117; Jour. Bot. 1. 201. Beck, Bot. 70. Hook. & Arn. Bot. Beechey, 136.
Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 211. Eat. & Wr. 337. Oakes, Hovey’s Mag. 18. 218. Scheele,
Linn. 21. 596; Rom. Texas, 484. Engelm. Pl. Upp. Miss. 186. Newberry, Pac.
ht. Rep. 6.68. Cooper, same, 12.41. Pl. Bourgeau, 255. Gray, Manual, 109;
Proce. Am. Acad. 8. 378. Boland. Cat. 7.

O. pusilla. Salisb. in Linn. Trans. 2. 242, t. 23, f. 5.

O. pilosa & pumila. Nutt. in Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 212.

Var. stricta. Sav. in Lam. Dict. 4. 688. Hook. Fl. New Zeal. 1. 42.

O. stricta. Linn. Spec. 485. Hill, Veg. Syst. 9. 8, t.2,f.4. Thunb. Oxal. 22.
Walter, 148. Ait. Hort. Kew. 2.115. Jacq. Oxal. 29, t. 4. Willd. Spec. 2. 800 ;
Enum. 490. Michx. Fl. 2. 389. Persoon, 1. 518. Pursh, 322. Bigel. Fl. Bost. 258.
Poir. Suppl. 4. 251. Elliott, 1.526. DC. Prodr. 1.692. Torrey, Fl. U.S. 462;
Fl. N. Y. 1. 123; Nicol. Rep. 146; Frem. Rep. 88; Emory’s Rep. 407; Marcy’s Rep.
281; Pac. R. Rep. 4.73 & 7.9; Mex. Bound. 41; Wilkes, Bot. 252. Spreng. Syst.
2.429. Zuce. Oxal. 34 & Nachtr. 64. Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am. 1.118; Jour. Bot. 1. 201.
Don, Mill. 1. 756. Beck, Bot.70. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1.212. Kat. & Wr. 837.
Benth. Pl. Hartw. 10. Gray, Pl. Fendl. 27; Genera, 2. 112, t. 144, f.'7-11; Man-
ual, 109. Parry, Pl. Minn. 610. Engelm. Pl. Upp. Miss. 186. Chapman, 63.
Lesqx. Fl. Ark. 352. Boland. Cat. 7. Anderson, Cat. 119. Porter, Hayd. Rep.
1870, 480; Fl. Col. 17. ‘

O. Dillenvi. Jacq. Oxal. 15 & 28. Willd. Spec. 2. 799. Persoon, 1. 518. Pursh,
823. Poir. Suppl. 4. 251. DC. Prodr. 1. 691. Zuce. Oxal. 35. Spreng. Syst. 2. 480.
Don, Mill. 1. 756.

O. florida. Salish. Prodr. 322.

O. ambigua. Salisb. in Linn. Trans. 2. 242, t. 23, f. 4.

O. Lyoni. Pursh, 322. Poir. Suppl. 5. 754. Elliott, 1.527. DC. Prodr. 1. 692.
Zuce. Oxal. 35. Spreng. Syst. 2.429. Don, Mill. 1. 757. Dietr. 2. 1602.

O. furcata & recurva. Elliott, 1. 527.

O. decaphylla. HBK. Nov. Gen. 5. 238, t. 468. DC. Prodr. 1. 695. Zuce. Oxal.
28 & Nachtr. 41. Gray, Pl. Wright. 2. 25. Torrey, Mex. Bound. 41.

O. dichondreefolia. Gray, Pl. Wright. 1.27 & 2.25. Walp. Ann. 4.401. Tor-
rey, Mex. Bound. 41.

O. Drummondii. Gray, Pl. Wright. 2.25. Torrey, Mex. Bound. 41.

O. vespertilionis. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 679, not Zuce. Dietr. 2. 1615. Gray,
Pl. Lindh. 158; Pl. Wright. 1. 27. Young, Fl. Texas, 191.
O. Oregana. Nutt.; Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 211. Hook. & Arn: Bot. Beechey,
328. Hat. & Wr. 337. Dietr. 2. 1612: Walp. Rep. 1. 488. Torrey, Pac. R. Rep.
4.72; Wilkes, Bot. 252. Newberry, Pac. R. Rep. 6. 68. Cooper, same, 12. 57.
Boland. Cat. 7. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 8. 378.

O. Acctosella. Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am. 1. 118, in part.
O. trilliifolia. Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am. 1.118. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1.211. Eat. & Wr.
337. Dietr. 2. 1615. A doubtful species.
O. violacea. Linn. Spec. 434. Hill, Syst. Veg. 9, t.3,f£1. Jacq. Hort. Vind. 2,
t. 180; Oxal. 16 & 35, t. 80, f.2. Walter, 143. Ait. Hort. Kew. 2.118. Sav. in
Lam. Dict. 4. 686. Willd. Spec. 2. 786; Enum. 488. Michx. Fl. 2. 89. Persoon,

154 GERANIACEZ. [Oxalis. Ptelea.

1.516. Pursh, 322. Poir. Suppl. 4. 245. Nutt. Genera, 1. 292. Elliott, 1. 525.
Sims, Bot. Mag. t.2215. DC. Prodr. 1.695. Torrey, Fl. U. S, 462; Fl. N. Y-
1. 123; Nicol. Rep. 146; Emory’s Rep. 407; Marcy’s Rep. 281; Mex. Bound. 41.
Turpin, Dict. Sci. Nat. 37. 185, t. 132. Zuce. Oxal. 19 & Nachtr. 27. Bigel. Fl.
Bost. 258. Spreng. Syst. 2.426. Don, Mill. 1. 760. Beck, Bot. 69. Spach, Hist.
Veg. 8. 248. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 211. Hat: & Wr. 337. Dietr. 2: 1606. Nees, Pl:
Wied, 5. Gray, Genera, 2. 112, t. 144, f.1-6; Pl. Wright.-2: 25; Pac. R. Rep.
12. 41; Manual, 109. Parry, Pl. Minn: 610. Engelm. Pl. Upp. Miss. 186. - Chap-
man, 68. Porter, Fl. Col. 17. Baill. Hist. Pl. 5. 24, £64.

O. longiflora. Linn. Spec. 438. Hill, Veg. Syst. 9, t.3,f.2. Thunb. Oxal.
113. Sav. in Lam. Dict. 4.679. Willd. Spec. 791. Persoon, 1. 517. Poir. Suppl.
4. 247.

O. vespertilionis. Gray, Pl. Fendl. 27.

Q. Wrightii. Gray, Pl. Wright. 1. 27 & 2. 25. Torr. & Gray, Pac. R. Rep. 2. 161.
Walp. Ann. 4.401. Torrey, Mex. Bound. 41.

RUTACE.

ASTROPHYLLUM dumosum. Torrey, Pac. R. Rep. 2. 161; Mex. Bound. 42.
Baill. Hist. Pl. 4. 894 & 472.
CITRUS vutearis, Riss. Nutt. Sylva, 2. 106, t. 76. Chapman, 62. Wood,
Bot. & Fl. 71.

Cc. ——? Torr. & Gray, FI. 1. 222.

C. Aurantium. Cooper, Smithson. Rep. 1860, 440.
PEGANUM Mexicanum. Gray, Pl. Wright. 1. 30 & 2. 106. Walp. Ann.
4.414. Torrey, Mex. Bound. 42.
PTELEA angustifolia. Benth. Pl. Hartw. 9. Walp. Rep. 1.528. Gray, PI.
Fendl. 28. Torrey, Mex. Bound. 44. Watson, King’s Rep. 5. 50. Porter, Fl.
Col. 18.

P. trifoliata. Boland. Cat. 7.

P. Baldwinti. Young, Fl. Texas, 196.

P. Baldwinii. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1.215. Eat. & Wr. 379. Walp. Rep. 1. 528.
Chapman, 67. Wood, Bot. & FI. 71.

P. trifoliata. Linn. Spec. 118. Medicus, Bot. Beob. 1782, 215. Marsh. Arbust.
115. Walter, 88. Ait. Hort. Kew. 1. 162. Lam. Ill. 1. 336, t.84. Moench,
Meth. 55. Schmidt, Arb. 2, t.76. Willd. Spec. 1.670; Enum. 166. Michx. Fl.
1.99. Nouv. Duham. 1. 252,t.57. Poir. Dict. 5. 706. Persoon, 1. 145. Pursh,
107. Nutt. Genera, 1. 104. Elliott, 1. 201. Rom. & Schult. Syst. 8. 201. Torrey,
Fl. U. S. 189; Fl. N. Y. 1. 183; Pac. R. Rep. 4. 73; Mex. Bound. 48. DC. Prodr.
2.82. Spreng. Syst. 1. 441. Turpin, Dict. Sci. Nat. 44.2, t.128. A. Juss. in
Mem. Mus. 12, t. 26, f.42. Guimp. Otto & Hayne, t. 74. Beck, Am. Jour. Sci.
10. 264; Bot. 71. Don, Mill. 1. 806. Spach, Hist. Veg. 2. 369. Hook. Jour. Bot.
1.202. Lindl. Fl. Med. 215. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1.215. Dietr. 1. 497. Eat. & Wr.
379. Loud. Arbor. 1. 489, t. 59. Scheele, Rém. Texas, 432. Gray, Genera, 2. 150,
t.157; Manual, 110. Richards. Arct. Exped. 423. Parry, Pl. Minn. 610. En-
gelm. Pl. Upp. Miss. 187. Agardh, Theor. Syst. t. 19, £7, 8. Curtis, Bot. N.
Car. 107. Lesqx. Fl. Ark. 353. Chapman, 66. Schnizl. Icon. t. 250, f. 15-26.
Baill. Hist. Pl. 4. 395, f. 445, 446.

Ptelea. Xanthoxylum.| RUTACEA. 155

Var. mollis. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1.680. Engelm & Gray, Pl. Lindh. 33. Tor-
rey, Marcy’s Rep. 282. Gray, Pl. Wright. 1. 81; Hall’s Pl. Tex. 5. Wood, Bot. &
Fl. 71.

P. (%) tomentosa. Raf. Fl. Lud. 108.
P. mollis. M. A. Curtis, Am. Jour. Sci. 2. 7. 406 (Bot. Zeit. 8. 529); Bot. N.
Car. 107. Walp. Ann. 2. 259. Chapman, 67. Young, Fl. Texas, 196.

RUTA Graveotens, Linn. Gray, Manual, 679.

THAMNOSMA montanum. Torrey, Frem. Rep. 313 (Bot. Zeit. 5.41); Pac.
R. Rep. 4. 78, t. 3; Mex. Bound. 42. Walp. Ann. 1. 160. Gray, Pl. Thurb. 304;
Ives’s Rep. 9. Watson, King’s Rep. 5. 418.

T. Texanum. Torrey, Mex. Bound. 42. Gray, Hall’s Pl. Tex. 5.

Rutosma Teranum. Gray, Pl. Lindh. 158; Genera, 2. 144, t.155; Pl. Wright.
1. 29 & 2. 26; Pl. Thurb. 298 & 304. Torr. & Gray, Pac. R. Rep. 2. 161.
XANTHOXYLUM Americanum. Mill. Dict.; DuRoi, Obs. Bot. 57. Wan-
genh. Beschreib. 116. Torr. & Gray, Fl.1. 214. Torrey, Fl. N. Y. 1. 182; Nicol.
Rep. 147. Emerson, Mass. Trees, 509. Gray, Genera, 2. 148, t. 156; Pac. R. Rep.
12. 41; Struct. Bot. 405, f. 759-766; Manual, 110. Richards. Arct. Exped. 423.
Parry, Pl. Minn. 610. Engelm. Pl. Upp. Miss. 187.

X. Clava-Herculis. am. Dict. 2. 38; Til. t. 811, f. 3. Ait. Hort. Kew. 3. 399.
Moench, Meth. 340. James, Long’s Exped. 1. 317.

X. fraxinifolium. Marsh. Arbust. 167.

X. fraxineum. Willd. Berl. Baum. 413; Spec. 4. 757; Enum. 1013. Persoon,
2.615. Ait. f. Hort. Kew. 5. 382. Pursh, 210. Nutt. Genera, 2. 286. Nouv. Du-
ham. 7. 3, t.2. James, Long’s Exped. 2.101. Bigel. Med. Bot. 3. 156, t. 59; FI.
Bost. 376. DC. Prodr. 1.726. Spreng. Syst. 1. 945. Torrey, Compend. 373.
Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am. 1. 118. Raf. Med. Bot. 2. 118, f. 96. Don, Mill. 1. 802. Beck,
Bot. 70. Spach, Hist. Veg. 2. 364. Lindl. Fl. Med. 216. Dietr. 2. 1000. Eat. &
Wr. 482. Nees, Pl. Wied, 5. Loud. Arbor. 1. 488, f. 158 & t. 58. Agardh, Theor.
Syst. t. 19, f. 9... Schnizl. Icon. t. 250, f. 1-14. Maout & Decne, 365, figs. Baill.
Hist. Pl. 4. 889, f. 433-438.

X. mite. Willd. Enum. 1018. Poir. Suppl. 5. 622. DC. Prodr. 1. 727. Don,
Mill: 1. 802. Loud. Arbor. 1. 489.

X. rainiflorum. Michx. Fl. 2. 235.

X. tricarpum. Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am. 1. 118, not Michx.

Thylax fraxineum. Raf. Med. Bot. 2. 114.

X. Caribeeum. Lam. Dict. 2.40. See syn. Trian. & Planch. in Ann. Sci. Nat.
5. 14, 315.

? X. Floridanum. Nutt. Sylva, 8. 14, t. 85. Chapman, 66. Wood, Bot. & FI.
70. Young, Fl. Texas, 194.

X. Clava-Herculis. Linn. Spec. 270, excl. hab. Jam., not Lam. nor DC. Willd.
Spec. 4. 754, in part. Elliott, 2. 690. Trian. & Planch. in Ann. Sci. Nat. 5. 14. 317,.
with syn. .

X. fraxinifolium. Walter, 243.

Fagara fraxinifolia. Tam. Ill. t. 334.

X. Carolinianum. Tam. Dict. 2. 39; Ill. t. 811,f.1. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 214.
Engelm. & Gray, Pl. Lindh. 5. Gray, Genera, 2. 148, t. 156, f. 13, 14 (fl.); Man-
ual, 110; Hall’s Pl. Tex. 5. Scheele, Rim. Texas, 432. Nutt. Sylva, 3.8, t. 83.
Curtis, Bot. N. Car. 103. Chapman, 66.

X. aromaticum. Willd. Spec. 4. 755, excl. syn. Jacq. f. Ecl. 1. 103, t. 70.

Pseudopetalon glandulosum & tricarpum. Raf. Fl. Lud. 108; Med. Bot. 2. 114.

156 RUTACEZ. [Xanthoxylum. Amyris.

X. Catesbianum. Raf. Med. FI. 2. 114.

X. tricarpum. Michx. Fl. 2. 285. Poir. Suppl. 2. 294. Ait. f. Hort. Kew. 5. 382.
Pursh, 210. DC. Prodr. 1.726. Elliott, 2.690. A. Juss. in Mem. Mus. 12, t. 25,
f£.38. Spreng. Syst. 1. 945. Don, Mill. 1. 808. Spach, Hist. Veg. 2. 365. Eat. &
Wr. 482. Dietr. 2. 1000. Loud. Arbor. 1. 488.

Var. fruticosum. Gray, Pl. Wright. 1.30. Torr. & Gray, Pac. R. Rep. 2. 161.
Torrey, Mex. Bound. 43. Chapman, 66.

X. macrophyllum. Nutt. Sylva, 3. 10.

X. alveolatum. Shuttlw. in Herb. (PI. Rugel, n. 71.)

X. hirsutum. Buckley, Proc. Acad. Philad. 1861, 450 & 1870, 186; fide Gray in

same, 1862, 162. Young, Fl. Texas, 195.
XX. Pterota. HBK. Nov. Gen. 6.3. DC. Prodr.1. 725. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 680,
Nutt. Sylva, 3.11, t. 84. Seem. Bot. Herald, 275. Torrey, Mex. Bound. 43.
Chapman, 66. Young, Fl. Texas, 195. Trian. & Planch. in Ann. Sci. Nat. 5. 14. 311,
with syn. Engler, Mart. Fl. Bras. fase. 65. 154.

Fagara Pterota. Linn. Amen. 5. 893, in part. Lam. Dict. 2. 444; Ill. 1. 335,
t. 84. Turpin, Dict. Sci. Nat. 16. 107, t. 127.

F’, lentiscifolia. Willd. Enum. 1. 166. Griseb. Fl. W. Ind. 187.

SIMARU BE.

CASTELA erecta. Turpin, Ann. Mus. 7. 78, t.5,fB. DC. Prodr. 1. 788.
Planch. in Lond. Jour. Bot. 5. 569. Griseb. Fl. Brit. W. Ind. 140.

C. Nicholsonii. Hook. Bot. Mise. 1. 271, t. 55. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 680. Walp.
Rep. 1.525. Planch.1.c. 568. Gray, Genera, 2. 154, t.158; Pl. Wright. 1. 32;
Pl. Thurb. 312. Torrey, Mex. Bound. 44. Schnizl. Icon. t. 246, f. 15-23.
CNEORIDIUM dumosum. Hook. f. in Benth. & Hook. Genera, 1. 312. Baill.
Hist. Pl. 4. 498. Brew. & Wats. Bot. Calif. 1. 97.

Pitavia dumosa. Nutt.; Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1.215. Eat. & Wr. 360. Torrey,
Mex. Bound. 43.

HOLACANTHA Emoryi. Gray, Pl. Thurb. 310 (Regensb. Flora, 38. 586).
Torrey, Emory’s Rep. t.14; Mex. Bound. 45, t.8. Walp. Ann. 4. 419. — Baill.
Hist. Pl. 4. 493.

KCGBERLINIA spinosa. Zucc. in Regensb. Flora, 1832, Beibl. 2. 74. Benth.
Pl. Hartw. 35. Walp. Rep. 1. 258. Engelm. in Wisliz. Rep. 29; Emory’s Rep. 158,
f.13. Gray, Pl. Wright. 1. 30 & 2. 26. Torrey, Mex. Bound. 42. Baill Hist. Pl.
4. 508.

SIMARUBA glauca. HBK. Nov. Gen. 6.16. DC. Ann. Mus. 17. 328; Prodr.
1.783 Gray, Genera, 2. 152. Nutt. Sylva, 3. 20,t.87. Griseb. Fl. Brit. W. Ind.
- 139, with syn. Chapman, 67. Wood, Bot. & Fl. 72. Engler, Mart. Fl. Bras. fase.
65. 224 & syn.

BURSERACEAE.

AMYRIS sylvatica. Jacq. Am. Pict. t.108. DC. Prodr. 2. 81. Dietr. 2. 1271.
Griseb. Fl. Brit. W. Ind. 174, with syn.

A. dyatripa. Spreng. Neue Entdeck. 8. 48. DC. Prodr. 2. 81.

A. Floridana. Nutt. in Am. Jour. Sci. 5. 294; Sylva, 2. 114, t.'78. DC. Prodr.

Amyris. Ilex.] ILICINEZ. Lot

2.81. Torr. & Gray, Fl.1. 221. Eat. & Wr. 128. Loud. Arbor. 2. 561. Chapman,
68. Wood, Bot. & Fl. 72.
A. maritima. Richard, Fl. Cuba, 392, not Jacq.
BURSERA gummifera. Jacq. Am. Pict. t.65. Linn. Spec. 2 ed. 741. DC.
Prodr. 2.78. Descourt, Fl. 2,t.97. Nutt. Sylva, 2.117,t.79. Griseb. Fl. W.
Ind. 1738. Chapman, 68. Cooper, Smithson. Rep. 1860, 440. Wood, Bot. & Fl. 72.
B. acuminata. Willd. Spec. 4. 1120. DC. Prodr. 2. 78.
2 B. simplicifolia. DC. Prodr. 2. 78.

B. Hindsiana. Benth. & Hook. Genera, 1. 324. — (Lower California.)
Elaphrium Hindsianum. Benth. Bot. Sulph. 11, t. 8.

B. microphylla. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 5. 155.

MELIACE A.

MELIA Azeparacg, Linn. Elliott, 1.475. James, Cat. 181. Audubon, Birds,
t.62. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 241. Eat. & Wr. 316. Curtis, Bot. N. Car. 65.

SWIETENIA Mahogoni. Linn. Spec. 2 ed. 271. Cav. Diss. 2. 365, t. 209.
DC. Prodr. 1. 625. Hook. Bot. Mise. 1. 21,t.16,17. Torr. & Gray, FI. 1. 242.
Eat. & Wr. 447. Nutt. Sylva, 2.98, t.'75. Chapman, 62. Griseb. Fl. Brit. W.
Ind. 181. Wood, Bot. & FI. 66.

OLACINEA.

XIMENTIA Americana. Linn. Spec. 1198. Bartram, Travels, 115. DC. Prodr.
1. 533. Nutt. Sylva, 1. 124, t.36. Schnizl. Icon. t. 223, f.1-9. Chapman, 61.
Griseb. Fl. Brit. W. Ind. 310, with syn. Engler, Mart. Fl. Bras. fase. 60. 10,
t. 2, f. 1, with syn.

ILICINEZE.

ILEX ambigua. Chapman, 269. Curtis, Bot. N. Car. 59. Wood, Bot. & Fl. 208.

Cassine Caroliniana. Walter, 242.

Prinos ambiguus. Michx. Fl. 2. 236. Persoon, 1. 888. Poir. Suppl. 1. 406.
Elliott, 2.705. Torrey, Fl. U.S. 888. Bigel. Fl. Bost. 129. DC. Prodr. 2. 17.
Watson, Dendr. 1, t. 29. Spreng. Syst. 2.188. Roém. & Schult. Syst. 7.57. Don,
Mill. 2.20. Beck, Bot. 281. Hook. Jour. Bot. 1. 202. Spach, Hist. Veg. 2. 483.
Kat. & Wr. 376. Dietr. 2. 1050. Loud. Arbor. 2. 521, f. 190.

Synstima acuminata & ambiqua. Raf. Syly. Tellur. 48.

Nemopanthes ambiguus. Wood, Cl.-Book, 497.

I. Amelanchier. M. A. Curtis; Chapman, 270. Wood, Bot. & FI. 208.

I. Cassine. Walter, 241. Ait. Hort. Kew. 1. 170,in part. James, Cat. 176;
Long’s Exped. 3.154. Hook. Jour. Bot. 1. 202. Curtis, Bot. N. Car. 59. Chap-
man, 269. Lesqx. Fl. Ark. 373. Gray, Manual, 306.

I. Cassine, 8. Linn. Spee. 125.

Cassine Peragua. Linn. Mant. 2. 220. Marsh. Arbust. 26. Plenck, Icon.
t. 239.

Cassine Caroliniana. Lam. Dict. 1. 652.

158 ILICINEZ. [Mex.

T. vomitoria. Ait. Hort. Kew. 1.170. Willd. Spec. 1. 709. Nouv. Duham. 1. 10.
Persoon, 1. 151. Pursh, 118. Nutt. Genera, 1.109. Rom. & Schult. Syst. 3. 491
& Mant. 338. DC. Prodr. 2.14. Spreng. Syst. 1.495. Torrey, Ann. Lyc. N. Y.
2.173. Don, Mill. 2.17. Hook. Jour. Bot. 1.202. Spach, Hist. Veg. 2. 430.
Lindl. Fl. Med. 898. Dietr. 1. 555. Eat. & Wr. 282. Loud. Arbor. 2. 518, f. 186.

I. liqustrina. Jacq. Collect. 4. 105; Icon. Rar. 2. 9, t. $10. Lam. Ill. 1. 356.

I. Floridana. Wam. Ul. 1. 356.

I. Cassena. Michx. Fl. 2. 229. Poir. Suppl. 3. 65. Rom. & Schult. Syst. 3. 490.
Elliott, 2.681. Wood, Bot. & Fl. 208.

I. religiosa. Barton, Fl. Virg. 66.

Cassine ramulosa. Raf. Fl. Lud. 363.

Hiecrophyllus Cassine. Raf. Med. Bot. 2. 8.

Emetila ramulosa. Raf. Sylv. Tellur. 45.

Ageria Cassena & geminata. Raf. Sylv. Tellur. 47.

2 Oreophila myrtifolia. Scheele, Rom. Texas, 482.

I. Dahoon. Walter, 241. Michx. Fl. 2. 228. Pursh, 117. Nutt. Genera, 1. 109.
Rom. & Schult. Syst. 3. 489 & Mant. 382. DC. Prodr. 2.14. Watson, Dendr. 2,
t.114. Spreng. Syst. 1.495. Audubon, Birds, t.48. Don, Mill. 2.19. Hook.
Jour. Bot. 1.202. Spach, Hist. Veg. 2. 428. Dietr. 1. 554. Eat. & Wr. 282.°
Loud. Arbor. 2. 519. Curtis, Bot. N. Car. 58. Chapman, 269. Gray, Manual, 306.

I. Cassine. Linn. Spec. 125, in part & excl. var. Marsh. Arbust. 64. Ait. Hort.
Kew. 1. 170, in part. Lam. Dict. 8. 147; Ill. 1. 855. -Willd. Spee. 1. 709; Enum.
172; Hort. Berol. 1, t.31. Nouv. Duham.1.9. Persoon, 1.151. Poir. Suppl.
8.65. Pursh, 117. Rom. & Schult. Syst. 3.490. DC. Prodr. 2. 14. Spreng. Syst.
1.495. Don, Mill. 2. 17. Spach, Hist. Veg. 2. 428. Dietr. 1. 554. Tat. &
Wr. 282. Loud. Arbor. 2. 517, £184. Goepp. in Del. Sem. Vratisl. 1852 (Linn.
26. 746).

I. cassinoides. Link, Enum. 1. 148. Roém. & Schult. Syst. 8, Mant. 332.

I, laurifolia. Nutt. in Am. Jour. Sci. 5. 289. Eat. & Wr. 282.

Ageria palustris, obovata & heterophylla. Raf. Sylv. Tellur. 47.

Var. angustifolia. Torr. & Gray, FI. ined.

I. Cassine, var. angustifolia. Willd. Spee. 1. 709. Nouv. Duham. 1. 9, t. 3.

TI. angustifolia. Willd. Enum. 172. Pursh, 118. Nutt. Genera, 1.109. Rom.
& Schult. Syst. 8.489. DC. Prodr. 2.14. Watson, Dendr. 1,t.4 Spreng. Syst.
1.495. Don, Mill. 2.17. Hook. Jour. Bot. 1.202. Spach, Hist. Veg. 2. 428.
Dietr. 1. 554. Loud. Arbor. 2. 517, f. 185. Goepp. in Del. Sem. Vratisl. 1852
(Linn. 26. 747). Some of these citations refer rather to the next form.

I, ligustrina. Elliott, 2. 708. Spach, Hist. Veg. 2.429. Eat. & Wr. 282.

27. Watsoniana. Spach, Hist. Veg. 2. 429. .

Var. myrtifolia. Chapman, 269.

I. myrtifolia. Walter, 241. Nouv. Duham. 1. 10, t.4. Michx. Fl. 2. 229. Poir.
Suppl. 8. 65. Rom. & Schult. Syst. 8.489. Link, Enum. 148. Spach, Hist. Veg.
2.429. Hat. & Wr. 282. Gray, Manual, 306.

I. rosmarinifolia. am. Ill. 1. 856. Persoon, 1. 151. Poir. Suppl. 8. 65.

I. ligustrifolia. Don, Mill. 2. 19.

I. decidua. Walter, 241. Poir. Suppl. 3. 65. Curtis, Bot. N. Car. 59. Chapman,
269. Lesqx. Fl. Ark. 373. Gray, Manual, 306.

I. prinoides. Ait. Hort. Kew. 1.169. Lam. Ill. 1. 855. | Willd. Spec. 1. 708.
Nouv. Duham. 1.11. Michx. Fl. 2. 229. Persoon, 1.151. Pursh, 118. Nutt.
xenera, 1.109. Rom. & Schult. Syst. 3. 488 & Mant. 332. Watson, Dendr. 2,
t.115. Spreng. Syst. 1.495. Audubon, Birds, t.89. Eat. & Wr. 282.’

Tlex.] ILICINEZ. 159

I. estivalis. Lam. Dict. 8. 147; Il. 1. 356.

Prinos deciduus. DC. Prodr. 2.16. Don, Mill. 2. 20. Hook. Jour. Bot. 1. 202.
Loud. Arbor. 2. 520.

I. ambiguus. Wlliott, 2. 705.

I. glabra. Gray, Manual, 307. Curtis, Bot. N. Car. 60. Chapman, 270.

Prinos glaber. Linn. Spec. 380. Lam. Dict. 1. 208; Ill. t.255,£2. Marsh.
Arbust. 109. Walter, 247. Ait. Hort. Kew. 1. 478. Willd. Spec. 2. 226; Enum.
$94. Michx. FI. 2. 236. Nouv. Duham. 38. 215, t.54. Persoon, 1. 388. Pursh,
220. Bigel. Fl. Bost. 129. Lodd. Bot. Cab. t. 450. — Elliott, 2. 707. ae Fl.
U. S. 338; Fl. N. Y. 2. 4, t. 73. DC. Prodr. 2.17. Spreng. Syst. 2. 133. Rém. &
Schult. Syst.7.60. Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am. 1.121; Jour. Bot. 1. 202. Don, Mill 2. 220.
Beck, Bot. 231. Spach, Hist. Veg. 2. 485. Eat. & Wr. 876. Dietr. 2. 1050. Loud.
Arbor. 2. 522, f. 2428. Emerson, Mass. Trees, 846. Gray, Manual, 1 ed. 277
Wood, Bot. & Fl. 208.

Winterlia triflora. Moench, Meth. 74.

Ennepta myricoides. Raf. Sylv. Tellur. 52.

I. levigata. Gray, Manual, 307.

Prinos levigatus. Pursh, 220. Poir. Suppl. 4. 558. James, Long’s Exped.
ZlOleeorneye Hl. Was. 555; Ann. Nye. IN. Yo 2. 174% BLN. Yo2. 45 DC) Prodr.
2.17. Spreng. re 2. 133. Watson, Dendr. 1, t.28. Rom. & Schult. Syst. 7. 59
& 1617. Don, ee . 20. Beck, Bot. 231. Spach, Hist. Veg. 2.434. Eat. &
Wr. 876. Dietr. 2. 1050. Loud. Arbor. 2. 522, f. 192. Emerson, Mass. Trees, 345.
Wood. Bot. & FI. "208.

I. lanceolata. Chapman, 270. A very doubtful species.

Prinos lanceolatus. Hill, Veg. ry st. 16. 57, t.61. Pursh, 220. Poir. Suppl.
4. 553. Elliott, 2. 707. DC. Prodr. 2.17. Rom. & Schult. Syst. 7.60. Don, Mill.
2.20. Spach, Hist. Veg. 2.484. Eat. & Wr. 876. Dietr. 2. 1050. Loud. Arbor.
2. 522. Wood, Bot. & Fl. 208.

Arinemia lanceolata. Raf. Sylv. Tellur. 49.

Prinos levigatus, var. lanceolatus. Wood, Cl.-Book, 498.

I. lucida. Torr. & Gray, Fl. ined.

Prinos lucida. Ait. Hort. Kew. 2. 478. Willd. Spec. 2.226. Persoon, 1. 388.
DC. Prodr, 2.17. Rom. & Schult. Syst. 7. 61.

Prinos coriaceus. Pursh, 221. Poir. Suppl. 4. 558. Nutt. in Am. Jour. Sci.
5. 293. Elliott, 2. 708. DC. Prodr. 2.17. Spreng. Syst. 2. 1383. Rom. & Schult.
Syst. 7.61. Don, Mill. 2.21. Spach, Hist. Veg. 2. 435. Eat. & Wr. 376. Dietr.
2.1050. Loud. Arbor. 2. 523, f. 2427. Wood, Bot. & FI. 498.

Prinos atomarius. Nutt. Genera, 1. 218. DC. Prodr. 2.17. Spreng. Syst. 2. 133.
Rém. & Schult. Syst. 7. 60. Don, Mill. 2.20. Dietr. 2.1050. Loud. Arbor.
2, 522,

Prinos glaber. Watson, Dendr. 1, t. 27.

Ennepta coriacea & atomaria. Raf. Sylv. Tellur. 52.

I. coriacea. Chapman, 270. Curtis, Bot. N. Car. 60.

I. mollis. Gray, Manual, 306.
Prinos ambiguus. Pursh, 220, not Michx.
Prinos verticillatus, var. Rom. & Schult. Syst. 7. 59.
Prinos dubius. Don, Mill. 2. 20. Loud. Arbor. 2. 521.

I. monticola. Gray, Manual, a
1. ambigua. Torrey, Fl. N. Y. 2. 2, excl. syn.
I, Amelanchier, var. monticola. Wood, Bot. & FI. 208.

~1 2

160 ILICINEZA. {Ilex. Nemopanthes.

I. opaca. Ait. Hort. Kew. 1.169. Willd. Spec. 1. 708; Enum. 172; Berl. Baumz.
190. Nouv. Duham. 1. 8. Michx. Fl. 2. 228. Persoon, 1. 151. Poir. Suppl. 8. 65.
Michx. f. Arbr. Am. 2, 191, t. 11. Pursh, 117. Bigel. Fl. Bost. 62. Rom. &
Schult. Syst. 8. 487. Link, Enum. 147. James, Cat. 176; Lotg’s Exped. 3. 154.
Torrey, Fl. U. S. 194; Ann. Lye. N. Y. 2.1738; Fl.N. Y. 2.2. DC. Prodr. 2,14,
Spreng. Syst. 1.495. Watson, Dendr. 1, t.3. Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am. 1. 121; Jour.
Bot. 1. 201. Raf. Med. Bot. 2. 7, t. 53. Don, Mill. 2.17. Beck, Bot. 280. Spach,
Hist. Veg. 2. 427. Darling. Fl. Cestr. 114. Dietr. 1. 554. Eat. & Wr. 282. Loud.
Arbor. 2. 516, t. 66,67. Emerson, Mass. Trees, 341. Curtis, Bot. N. Car. 58.
Chapman, 269. Lesqx. Fl. Ark. 372. Gray, Manual, 306.

I. Canadensis. Marsh. Arbust. 64.

I. Aquifolium. Marsh. Arbust. 63. Walter, 241.

I. laxiflora. WLam. Dict. 3. 147; Ill. 1. 855. Pursh, 117. Rom. & Schult. Syst.
3.494 & Mant. 834. DC. Prodr. 2.14. Spreng. Syst. 1. 495. Don, Mill. 2. 17.
Spach, Hist. Veg. 2. 427. Dietr. 1. 555. Eat. & Wr. 282. Loud. Arbor. 2. 517.

I. quercifolia. Meerb. Icon. Sel. 2, t. 5.

Ageria opaca. Raf. Sylv. Tellur. 47.

I. verticillata. Gray, Manual, 307. Chapman, 270. Curtis, Bot. N. Car. 60.
Lesqx. Fl. Ark. 373.

Prinos verticillatus. Linn. Spec. 880. Lam. Dict. 1. 207; Ill. t. 255, f.1. Marsh.
Arbust. 110. Ait. Hort. Kew. 1. 478. Willd. Spec. 2. 225; Enum. 394; Berl.
Baumz. 232. Nouv. Duham. 3. 216. Persoon, 1.387. Desf. Hist. Arbr. 2. 366.
Pursh, 220. Bigel. Fl. Bost. 129; Med. Bot. 3. 141,t. 56. Barton, Fl. Med. t. 17.
Torrey; HIS UPS 333 HL Ne orzo. PBiliotiyen 0b. Cs erodrae nal emmy pete
son, Dendr. 1, t.30. Guimp. Otto & Hayne, t. 56. Spreng. Syst. 2.1382. Rom.
& Schult. Syst. 7.58. Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am. 1. 121; Jour. Bot. 1. 202. Don, Mill.
2.20. Beck, Bot./230. Spach, Hist. Veg. 2.483. Lindl. Fl. Med. 394. Eat. &
Wr. 3876. Dietr. 2. 1050. Loud. Arbor. 2. 521, f. 191. Emerson, Mass. Trees, 344.
Wood, Bot. & Fl. 208.

P. confertus. Moench, Meth. 481.

P. Gronovii. Michx. FI. 2. 236.

Var. tenuifolia. Torrey, Fl. U.S. 338.

Var. padifolia. Torr. & Gray, FI. ined.
P. padifolius. Willd. Enum. 394; Berl. Baumz. 297. Poir. Suppl. 5. 555. Rom.
& Schult. Syst. 7.59. Spach, Hist. Veg. 2. 433. Dietr. 2. 1050.

I. estivalis ; decidua. I. laurifolia ; Dahoon.
ambigua & Amelanchier ; monticola. laxiflora; opaca.
angustifolia; Dahoon. ligustrina ; Cassine, Dahoon.
Aquifolium ; opaca. ligustrifolia ; Dahoon.
Canadensis; opaca, Nemopanthes Myrsinites ; Pachystima Myrsinites.
Canadensis. myrtifolia ; Dahoon.
Cassena; Cassine. prinoides ; decidua.
Cassine & cassinoides ; Dahoon. quercifolia ; opaca.
coriacea ; lucida. religiosa & vomitoria ; Cassine.
delicatula; Nemopanthes Canadensis. rosmarinifolia & Watsoniana ; Dahoon.

Floridana; Cassine.

NEMOPANTHES Canadensis. DC. Mem. Soc. Gen. 1. 450; Pl. Rar. Gen. 8,
t. 3; Prodr. 2.18. Don, Mill. 2.18. Beck, Bot. 230. Spach, Hist. Veg. 2. 436.

Nemopanthes. Huonymus.| CELASTRACE. 161

Raf, Sylv. Tellur. 51. Eat. & Wr. 827. Torrey, Fl. N. Y. 2.5. Hook. Fl. Bor.-
Am. 1. 122; Jour. Bot. 1. 202. Loud. Arbor. 2. 503, f.172. Emerson, Mass. Trees,
348. Gray, Manual, 307.

Tlex Canadensis. Michx. Fl. 2. 229, t. 49. Nouv. Duham. 1. 12. Ait. f.
Hort. Kew. 1. 279. Poir. Suppl. 3. 66. Pursh, 118. Rom. & Schult. Syst.
3. 493 & Mant. 838. Torrey, Fl. U.S. 194. Bigel. Fl. Bost. 62. Spreng. Syst.
1. 495. eG
Tlex delicatula. Barton, Fl. Virg. 67.

Prinos ambiguus. Nutt. Genera, 1. 213.

Nemopanthus fascicularis. Raf. Jour. Phys. 1819, 96; Am. Jour. Sci. 1. 378;
Sylv. Tellur: 51.

Nuttallia Canadensis. Rapp. Jard. Gen. 1821, 44.

Prinos integrifolius. Elliott, 2. 706. Spach, Hist. Veg. 2.484. Eat. & Wr. 376.

Prinos longipes. Raf. Sylv. Tellur. 50.

PRIWOS. See under Jlex. P. glaber ; 1. lucida.
ainbiguus ; Ilex mollis, Nemopanthes Gronovit ; I. verticillata.
Canadensis. integrifolius & longipes ; Nemopanthes
atomarius ; I. lucida. Canadensis.
confertus ; I. verticillata. levigatus ; I. lanceolata.
coriaceus ; I. lucida. padifolius ; I. verticillata.
dubius ; I. mollis. verticillatus ; I. mollis.
CELASTRACEA.

CELASTRUS scandens. Linn. Spec. 196. Lam. Dict. 1. 660. Marsh. Arbust.
28. Ait. Hort. Kew. 1.271. Gaertn. Fruct. t.95. Willd. Spec. 1. 1125; Enum.
255. Michx. Fl. 1. 155. Persoon, 1. 242. Schkuhr, Handb. 1, t.47. Pursh, 167.
Bigel. Fl. Bost. 92. Nouv. Duham. 6, t.33. Nutt. Genera, 1. 156. Rom. &
Schult. Syst. 5. 418. James, Long’s Exped. 1. 314. DC. Prodr. 2.6. Torrey, FI.
U. S. 262; FI. N. Y. 1. 140; Nicol. Rep. 147; Pac. R. Rep. 4. 74. Spreng. Syst.
1.775. Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am. 1. 120; Jour. Bot. 1. 201. Don, Mill. 2. 9. Beck, Bot.
72. Spach, Hist. Veg. 2. 410. Darling. Fl. Cestr. 148. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 257 &
685. Dietr. 1.814. Eat. & Wr. 186. Loud. Arbor. 2. 502, f. 171. Emerson,
Mass. Trees, 478. Gray, Pl. Fendl. 29; Genera, 2. 186, t. 170; Manual, 116. Rich-
ard. Arct. Exped. 423. Parry, Pl. Minn. 610. Engelm. Pl. Upp. Miss. 187. Agardh,
Theor. Syst. t. 22, f.5. Curtis, Bot. N. Car. 119. Chapman, 77. Schnizl. Icon.
t. 236, f. 1, 12-14 & 27.

C. bullatus. Linn. Spec. 196. Lam. Dict. 1.660. Persoon, 1. 242. Ait. f.
Hort. Kew. 2.26. Pursh, 168. Don, Mill. 2.7. Eat. & Wr. 186. Loud. Arbor.
2. 502.

Euonymoides scandens. Moench, Meth. 70.

EUONYMUS Americanus. Linn. Spec.197. Lam. Dict. 2.573. Walter,
102. Ait. Hort. Kew. 1. 274. Willd. Spec. 1. 1132; Enum. 256. Michx. Fl. 1. 155.
Persoon, 1. 248. Nouv. Duham. 3. 26,t.9. Pursh, 168. Rom. & Schult. Syst.
5. 466. Elliott, 1.292. DC. Prodr. 2.4. Torrey, Fl. U. S. 261; Fl. N. Y. 1. 142,
t.20. Spreng. Syst. 1.788. Lodd. Cab. t.1322. Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am. 1. 119.
Don, Mill. 2.5. Beck, Bot. 72. Spach, Hist. Veg. 2. 408. Darling. Fl. Cestr. 150.
Audubon, Birds, t. 395. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1.258. Dietr. 1.819. Eat. & Wr.
240. Walp. Rep. 1.532. Loud. Arbor. 2. 499, f. 168, 169. Richard. Arct.
11

162 CELASTRACE. |Buonymus. Myeginda.

Exped. 423. Engelm. Pl. Upp. Miss. 187. Baill. in Bull. Bot. Soc. France, 5. 315,
Curtis, Bot. N. Car. 102. Chapman, 76. Gray, Manual, 116; Hall’s Pl. Tex. 5.

E. sempervirens. Marsh. Arbust. 44.

E. alternifolius. Moench, Meth. 71.

Var. sarmentosus. Nutt. Genera, 1. 154. Torrey, FI. U.S. 261. Torr. & Gray,
Fl. 1. 258. Eat. & Wr. 240.

E. sarmentosus. Don, Mill. 2. 5. Loud. Arbor. 2. 500.

Var. obovatus. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 258. Gray, Genera, 2. 188, t. 171;
Manual, 116.

E. obovatus. Nutt. Genera, 1. 155. DC. Prodr. 2.4. Torrey, Fl. U.S. 1. 261.
Spreng. Syst. 1.788. Don, Mill. 2.5. Beck, Bot. 72. Dietr. 1.820. Loud. Ar-
bor. 2. 500.

Var. angustifolius. Wood, Bot. & FI. 76.

E. angustifolius. Pursh, 168. Poir. Suppl. 5. 684. Rom. & Schult. Syst. 5. 466.

Elliott, 1. 292. DC. Prodr. 2.4. Spreng. Syst. 1.788. Don, Mill. 2.5. Spach,
Hist. Veg. 2.409. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 258. Dietr. 1.819. Eat. & Wr. 240.
Loud. Arbor. 2. 500. Baill. in Bull. Bot. Soc. France, 5. 315.
E. atropurpureus. Jacq. Hort. Vind. 2. 155,t.120. Lam. Dict. 2. 573. Ait.
Hort. Kew. 1. 274. Willd. Spec. 1. 11382; Enum. 1. 256. Michx. Fl. 1.155.‘ Per-
soon, 1. 248. Nouv. Duham. 3. 26. Pursh, 168. Turpin, Dict. Sci. Nat. 17. 582,
t.272. Rom. & Schult. Syst. 5. 466. Elliott, 1. 298. DC. Prodr. 2.4. Torrey,
Fl. U. S. 261; Ann. Lye. N. Y. 2.178; Fl. N. Y. 1. 141; Nicol. Rep. 147. Spreng.
Syst. 1.788. Don, Mill. 2.5. Beck, Bot. 72. Hook. Jour. Bot. 1. 201. Spach,
Hist. Veg. 2.407. Darling. Fl. Cestr. 149. Torr. & Gray, FI. 1. 257, excl. var.
Dietr. 1. 819. Eat. & Wr. 240. Loud. Arbor. 2. 499, f. 167. Gray, Genera, 2. 188;
Manual, 116. Richard. Arct. Exped. 428. Parry, Pl. Minn. 610. Engelm. Pl.
Upp. Miss. 187. Baill. Bull. Soc. Bot. France, 5.514. Curtis, Bot. N. Car. 102.
Chapman, 76. Lesqx. Fl. Ark. 354.

E. Caroliniensis. Marsh. Arbust. 48.

E. latifolius. Marsh. Arbust. 44. Agardh, Theor. Syst. t. 22, f. 4.

E. occidentalis. Nutt.; Torrey, Pac. R. Rep. 4. 74. Newberry, same, 6. 69.
Bolander, Proce. Calif. Acad. 8. 78; Cat. 8.

FE. atropurpureus ? Hook. Fl. Bor,-Am., 1. 119.

E. atropurpureus, var. (?) 8. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 258. Walp. Rep. 1. 532.
GLOSSOPETALOWN spinescens. Gray, Pl. Wright. 2. 29, t.12; Pl. Thurb.
299. Torrey, Pac. R. Rep. 4. 74; Mex. Bound. 47. Walp. Ann. 4. 426.
MAYTENUS phyllanthoides. Benth. Bot. Sulph. 54. Walp. Rep. 5. 402.
Torrey, Mex. Bound. 47. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 5. 155. Chapman, 77.
MORTONIA Greggii. Gray, Pl. Wright. 1. 35. Torrey, Mex. Bound. 47.
Walp. Ann. 4. 425.

M. effusa. Turez. Bull. Mose. 1858, 453.

M. scabrella. Gray, Pl. Wright. 2. 28. Walp. Ann. 4. 425. Torrey, Mex.
Bound. 47.

M. sempervirens. Gray, Pl. Wright. 1. 34, t.4,&2.28. Walp. Ann. 4. 425.
Torrey, Mex. Bound. 47.

MYGINDA ilicifolia. Lam. Dict. 4. 396. Persoon, 1.151. DC. Prodr. 2. 13,
Spreng. Syst. 1. 496. Chapman, 75.

M. latifolia. Swartz, Fl. Ind. Occ. 1. 342. DC. Prodr. 2.18. Griseb. Fl. Brit.
W. Ind. 146. Chapman, 76.

Myginda. Ceanothus.| RHAMNACE. 163

M. Rhacoma. Swartz, Fl. Ind. Oce. 1. 340. DC. Prodr. 2.13. Griseb. 1. c. 146,
with syn. Chapman, 75.

PACHYSTIMA Canbyi. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 8. 6238.

P. Myrsinites. Raf. in Am. Month. Mag. 1818; Sylv. Tellur. 42. Gray, PI.
Fendl. 29; Pl. Wright. 2. 29; Am. Jour. Sci. 2. 33. 408; Proc. Acad. Philad. 1863,
59 ; Proc. Am. Acad. 8. 378 & 624. Torrey, Pac. R. Rep. 4. 74; Mex. Bound. 47 ;
Bot. Wilkes, 260. Porter, Hayd. Rep. 1870, 474; Fl. Col. 18. Watson, King’s
Rep. 5. 50; Pl. Wheel. 7. Coulter, Hayd. Rep. 1872, 763.

Tlex (%) Myrsinites. Pursh, 119. Poir. Suppl. 5. 702. Roém. & Schult. Syst.
3. 494.

Myginda myrtifolia. Nutt. Genera, 1. 109. James, Cat. 176. DC. Prodr. 2. 18.
Spreng. Syst. 1.496. Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am. 1. 120, t.41. Don, Mill. 2.15. Dietr.
1. 554. Eat. & Wr. 328. Loud. Arbor. 2. 505.

Oreophila myrtifolia. Nutt.; Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 259. Torrey, Frem. Rep. 88.
Hook. in Lond. Jour. Bot. 6. 78. Cooper, Pac. R. Rep. 12. 80 & 57.
SCHAFPFERIA cuneifolia. Gray, Pl. Wright. 1. 35 & 2.29. Torrey, Mex.
Bound. 47.

S. frutescens. Jacq. Stirp. Am. 259. Sloan, Hist. Jam. 2, t.209,f.1. Lam.
Ill. 8. 402, t. 809. Poir. Dict. 6.727. DC. Prodr. 2. 41. Griseb. Fl. W. Ind. 146.
Chapman, 76.

S. completa. Swartz, Fl. Ind. Occ. 1. 827, t. 7, f A.

S. buxifolia. Nutt. Sylva, 2. 42, t. 56.

RHAMNACEA.

ADOLPHIA infesta. Meisn. Gen. Pl. 70. Gray, Pl. Wright. 1. 34 & 2. 28.
Torrey, Mex. Bound. 45. Miers, Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. 8. 5. 881; Contrib. Bot.
1. 284.

Ceanothus infestus. HBK. Nov. Gen. 7. 61, t. 614. DC. Prodr. 2. 31.

Colletia (%) multiflora & disperma. DC. Predr. 2. 29.

Colletia infesta. Brongn. Mem. Rham. 59; Ann. Sci. Nat. 1. 10. 866.

Colubrina infesta. Schlecht. in Linn. 15. 468.

BERCHEMIA volubilis. DC. Prodr. 2.22. Brongn. Mem. Rham. 50. Don,
Mill. 2,27. Audubon, Birds, t. 160. Hook. Jour. Bot. 1.202. Spach, Hist.
Veg. 2. 446. Lindl. Fl. Med. 166. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 260 & 685. Loud. Arbor.
2. 528, f.196. Gray, Genera, 2. 174, t. 165; Manual, 114; Hall’s Pl. Tex. 5.
Curtis, Bot. N. Car. 117. Chapman, 73. Lesqx. Fl. Ark. 354.

Rhamnus scandens. Hill, Veg. Hist. 14. 64, t.17; Hort. Kew. 453, t. 20.

Rhamnus volubilis. Linn. f. Suppl. 182. Jacq. Collect. 2. 336; Icon. Rar. 2. 13,
t. 336. Walter, 101. L’Her. Sert. Angl. 5 (Rém. u. Ust. Mag. Bot. 6. 63). Ait.
Hort. Kew. 1. 264. Poir. in Lam. Dict. 4. 468. Michx. Fl). 1.153. Persoon,
1. 240.

Zizyphus volubilis. Willd. Arb. 415; Spec. 1.1102. Ait. f. Hort. Kew. 2. 18.
Pursh, 188. Nutt. Genera, 1. 153. Elliott, 1. 290. Spreng. Syst. 1.771. Dietr.
1. 810.

Oenoplia volubilis, Rom. & Schult. Syst. 5. 832. HBK. Nov. Gen. 7. 56.

Berchemia undulata & repanda. Raf. Sylv. Tellur. 83.

CEANOTHUS Americanus. Linn. Spec. 195. Medicus, Bot. Beob. 1782, 330.
Lam. Dict. 1. 659; Ill. t.129,f.1. Marsh. Arbust. 27. Walter, 101. Ait. Hort.

164 RHAMNACEX. [Ceanothus.

Kew. 1. 270. Plenck, Icon. t.143. Gaertn. Fruct. t.106. Willd. Spec. 1. 1114;
Enum. 254. Michx. Fl. 1. 154. Persoon, 1. 244. Schkuhr, Handb. 1. 152, t. 46.
Sims, Bot Mag. t. 1479. Pursh, 167. Bigel. Fl. Bost. 91. Nouv. Duham. 6, t. SL.
Loisel. Herb. Amat. 2, t. 81. Rém. & Schult. Syst. 5. 295. Elliott, 1. 290. DC.
Prodr. 2.31. Torrey, Fl. U.S. 260; Fl N. Y. 1.144; Frem. Rep. 88; Emory’s
Rep. 407. Spreng. Syst. 1.772. Hook. Fl. Bor-Am. 1.124; Jour. Bot. 1. 202.
Don, Mill. 2.37. Beck, Bot. 74. Spach, Hist. Veg. 2.459. Darling. Fl. Cestr.
148. Lindl. Fl. Med. 166. Torr. & Gray, FI. 1. 264; Pac. R. Rep 2.126. Dietr.
1. 812. Eat. & Wr. 185. Loud. Arbor. 2. 539, f. 214. Kmerson, Mass. Trees, 475.
Gray, Genera, 2. 182, t.169; Manual, 115; Hall’s Pl. Tex. 5. ‘Richard. Arct.
Exped. 423. Parry, Pl. Minn. 610. Agardh, Theor. Syst.t.15, £5. Curtis,
Bot. N. Car. 104. Chapman, 74. - Pl. Bourgeau, 255. Watson, Proc. Am. Acad.
10. 333.

C. trinervus. Moench, Meth. 651.

2 C. tardiflorus. Hornem. Hort. Hafn. 230. Rom. & Schult. Syst. 5. 296. DC.
Prodr. 2.31. Dietr. 1.812. Loud. Arbor. 2. 540.

C. perennis. Pursh, 167. Poir. Suppl. 5. 599. Rom. & Schult. Syst. 5.297.
Elliott, 1. 291. DC. Prodr. 2.32. Spreng. Syst. 1.772. Don, Mill. 2. 37. Spach,
Hist. Veg. 2.461. Dietr. 1. 812.

C. intermedius. . Pursh, 167, and other authorities as under C. perennis. Torrey,
Ann. Lye. N. Y. 2.174. Maund, Bot. Gard. 12, t. 572. Loud. Arbor. 2. 540.

C. sanguineus. Nutt. Genera, 1. 153, not Pursh. Torr. & Gray, FI. 1. 265,
in part.

C. herbaceus. Raf. Med. Rep. 5. 860; Desv. Jour. Bot. 1. 227. Poir. Suppl.
5. 599. Torrey, Fl. U. 8. 260. Beck, Bot. 74.

C. officinalis. Raf. Med. Bot. 2. 205.

C. cordulatus. Kellogg, Proc. Calif. Acad. 2. 124, f 39. Watson, Proc. Am.
Acad. 10. 387.

C. divaricatus. Boland. Cat. 8.

C. divaricatus, var. eglandulosus. Watson, King’s Rep. 5. 51.

C. crassifolius. Torrey, Pac. R. Rep. 4. 75 & 7. 5; Mex. Bound. 46, t. 11.
Walp. Ann. 7.591. Watson, Proc. Am. Acad. 10. 338.
C. rigidus, var. grandifolius. Torrey, Pac. R. Rep. 4. 75.
Var. glabratus. Gray; Boland. Cat. 8.

C. cuneatus. Nutt.; Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1.267. Hook. & Arn. Bot. Beechey,
829. Eat. & Wr. 185. Benth. Pl. Hartw. 802. Lindl. in Jour. Hort. Soc. Lond.
6. 220, fig. Paxton, Fl. Gard. 2.108. Durand, Pl. Pratten. 85. Torrey, Pac. R.
Rep. 4. 75; Mex. Bound. 45; Bot. Wilkes, 263. Newberry, Pac. R. Rep. 6. 69.
Belg. Hort. 8, t. 44. Watson, Proc. Am. Acad. 10. 338.

Rhamnus (2) euneatus. Dougl.; Hook. Vl. Bor-Am. 1. 124. Hook. & Arn. Bot.
Beechey, 136.

C. verrucosus. Nutt.; Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1.267. Eat. & Wr. 186. Benth. Bot.
Sulph. 10. Hook. Bot. Mag. t.4660. Lindl. in Jour. Hort. Soc. 6. 276, fig.
Paxton, Fl. Gard. 8. 103 & 148. Lemaire, Jard. Fleur. 3, t. 316. Walp. Ann.
4, 434.

C. macrocarpus. Nutt.; Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 267, not Willd. Eat. & Wr. 186.
Kellogg, Proc. Calif. Acad. 1. 55.

C. megacarpus. Nutt. Sylva, 2. 46.

C. decumbens. Watson, Proc. Am. Acad. 10. 335.
C’. sorediatus, var. Torrey, Pac. R. Rep. 4. 74.

Ceanothus.| RHAMNACES. 165

C. dentatus. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 268. Hook. & Arn. Bot. Beechey, 329. Eat.
& Wr. 186. Paxton, Fl. Gard. 1, t.4. Planchon, Fl. Serres, 6. 103, t. 567. Moore,
Mag. Bat. 2. 169, t.16. Lemaire, Jard. Fleur. 1, t. 25. Belg. Hort. Set. Gy Lor
rey, Mex. Bound. 46, t.10. Boland. Cat. 8. Watson, Proc. Am. Acad. 10. 335.

C. Lobbianus. Hook. Bot. Mag. t.4810. FI. Serres, 10. 125, t. 1016. Walp.
Ann. 4. 434.

2 C. diversifolius. Kellogg, Proc: Calif. Acad. 1. 58 & 65.

C. 2 Boland. in Proc. Calif. Acad. 3. 79.
C. divaricatus. Nutt.; Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 266 & 686. Hook. & Arn. Bot.
Beechey, 328. Eat. & Wr. 185. Torrey, Pac. R. Rep. 7.9. Watson, King’s Rep.
5. 51, excl. var.; Proc. Am. Acad. 10. 336.

Var. eglandulosus. Torrey, Pac. R. Rep. 4. 75; Mex. Bound. 45.
C. integerrimus. Torrey, Pac. R. Rep. 4. 75, in part.

Var. grosse-serratus. Torrey, Pac. R. Rep. 4. 76.
C. Fendleri. Gray, ES Fendl. 29; Am. Jour. Sci. 2. 33. 407 ; Proc. Acad. Philad.
1863, 59. Walp. Ann. 2. 267. Engelin. Pl. Upp. Miss. 187. Torrey, Sitgr. Rep.
157; Pac. R. Rep. 4.75. Porter, Fl. Col. 18. Watson, Pl. Wheel. 7 ; Proc. Amer.
Acad. 10. 337.
C. ESO RHEINE: Hook. Bot. Mag. t.4806. FI. Serres, 10. 23,t.977. Belg.
Hort. 5, t.9. Walp. Ann. 4. 434. Lemaire, Ill. Hort. 7, t. 238. Watson, Proc.
Amer. eee 10. 338.
C. Greggii. Gray, Pl. Wright. 2. 28; Pl. oe 301. Walp. Ann. 4. 485. Tor-
rey, Mex. Bound. 45. Watson, Kine g’s Rep. 5. 418; Proc. Am. Acad. 10. 888.

C. cuneatus. Gray, Ives’s Rep. 9.
C. hirsutus. Nutt.; Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 266. Eat. & Wr. 185. Torrey, Bot.
Wilkes, 264. Watson, Proc. Am. Acad. 10. 336.

C. oliganthus. Nutt.; Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 266. Eat. & Wr. 185.

Var. glaber. Watson, Proc. Am. Acad. 10. 3836.

C. sorediatus, var. glaber. Watson, King’s Rep. 5. 51.
C. incanus. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 265. Hook. & Arn. Bot. Beechey, 328. Eat. &
Wr. 185. Torrey, Bot. Wilkes, 264. Boland. Cat. 8. Watson, Proc. Am.
Acad. 10. 336
C. integerrimus. Hook. & Arn. Bot. Beechey, 329. Torr. & Gray, FI. 1. 686.
Benth. Pl. Hartw. 302. Durand, Pl. Pratten. 85. Torrey, Pac. R. Rep. 4. 75.
Newberry, same, 6.69. Boland. Cat. 8. Watson, Proc. Am. Acad. 10. 38

C. Californicus. Kellogg, Proc. Calif. Acad. 2. 55.

C. Nevadensis. (Kellogg, same, 2. 152, £. 45.
C. microphyllus. Michx. Fl. 1.154. Persoon, 1. 244. Poir. Suppl. 2. 142. Ait
f. Hort. Kew. 2.22. Pursh, 167. Nutt. Genera, 1.154. Rom. & Schult Syst.
5, 296. Elliott, 1.291. DC. Prodr. 2. 32. Spreng. Syst. 1.772. Don, Mill. 2. 37.
Spach, Hist. Veg. 2.461. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 266. Dietr. 1.812. Eat. & Wr.
185. Loud. Arbor. 2. 540. Chapman, 74. Wood, Cl.-Book, 291; Bot. & Fl. 77,
excl. var. Watson, Proc. Am. Acad. 10. 885
C. ovatus. Desf. Arb. 2.381. Rom. & Se Syst. 5. 296. DC. Prodr. 2. 31
Don, Mill. 2. 37. Dietr. 1. 812. Loud. Arbor. 2. 540. Torr. & Gray, Pac. R. Rep.
2.162. Gray, Proc. Acad. Philad. 1863, 59. pee Fl. Col. 18. Watson, Proc.

* Am. Acad. 10. 384.

C. ovalis. Bigel. Fl. Bost. 2 ed. 92. Gray, Ann. Lye. N. Y. 3. 224; Pl. Lindh.
170; Pac. R. Rep. 12. 41; Manual, 115; Hall’s Pl. Tex. 5. Beck, Bot. 74. Torr.

166 RHAMNACEA. {Ceanothus,

& Gray, Fl. 1. 265 & 686. Eat. & Wr. 185. Torrey, Fl. N. Y. 1. 145, t. 20; Nicol.
Rep. 147; Emory’s Rep. 188 & 407; Mex. Bound. 45. Scheele, Rom. Texas, 432.
Parry, Pl. Minn. 610. Porter, Hayd. Rep. 1870, 474; Fl. Col. 18.
C. intermedius. Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am. 1. 124, not Pursh.
C. Fontanesianus & Burmannianus. Spach, Hist. Veg. 2. 460.

Var. pubescens. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 265. Engelm. Pl. Upp. Miss. 187.
C. papillosus. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 268. Hook. & Arn. Bot. Beechey, 329. Hook.
Icon. t. 272; Bot. Mag. t. 4815. Eat. & Wr. 186. Lindl. Jour. Hort. Soe. 5. 142.

Planch. Fl. Serres, 6. 103, t. 567. Paxton, Fl. Gard. 1. 74, f. 50. Moore, Mag. ]

Bot. 2. 169, t.16. Lemaire, Jard. Fleur. 1, t. 17. Durand, Pl. Pratten. 85. Walp.
Ann. 4. 485. Boland. Cat. 8. Watson, Proc. Am. Acad. 10. 337.

C. prostratus. Benth. Pl. Hartw. 302. Walp. Ann. 2. 267. Durand, Pl. Prat-

ten. 85. Torrey, Pac: R. Rep. 4.75; Bot. Wilkes, 262. Newberry, Pac. R. Rep.

6. 69. Anderson, Cat. 119. Watson, King’s Rep. 5. 51; Proc. Am. Acad. 10. 339.
2. cuneatus. Kellogg, Proc. Calif. Acad. 1. 55.

C. rigidus. Nutt.; Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 268. Hook. & Arn. Bot. Beechey, 829.
Eat. & Wr. 186. Benth. Pl. Hartw. 302. Lindl. Jour. Hort. Soc. 1. 197, fig. Hook.
Bot. Mag. t. 4664. Paxton, Fl. Gard. 1. 74, f 51. Lemaire, Jard. Fleur. 4,
t. 348. Belg. Hort. 3,t16. Walp. Ann. 4.484. Torrey, Mex. Bound. 45, t. 9.
Boland. Proc. Calif. Acad. 8. 79; Cat.8. Watson, Proc. Am. Acad. 10. 339.

C. sanguineus. Pursh, 167. Poir. Suppl. 5.599. Rom. & Schult. Syst. 5. 297.
DC. Prodr. 2.32. Spreng. Syst. 1.772. Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am. 1. 125. Don, Milk.
2.37. Spach, Hist. Veg. 2.461. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 265, in part. Dietr. 1. 812.
Eat. & Wr. 185. Loud. Arbor. 2. 540. Richard. Arct. Exped. 423. Engelm. Pl.
Upp. Miss. 187. Watson, Proc. Am. Acad. 10. 334.

C. Oreganus. Nutt.; Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1.265. Eat. & Wr. 185. Wook. in
Lond. Jour. Bot. 6. 79; Bot. Mag. t. 5177. Cooper, Pac. R. Rep. 12. 30 & 57.
Walp. Ann. 7. 591. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 8. 379. Torrey, Bot. Wilkes, 263.

C. serpyllifolius. Nutt Genera, 1.154. DC. Prodr. 2. 82. Spreng. Syst. 1. 772.
Don, Mill. 2. 38. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 266. Dietr. 1.812. Hat. & Wr. 185. Chap-
man, 74. Watson, Proc. Am. Acad. 10. 835.

C. microphyllus, var. serpyllifolius. Wood, Bot. & FL. 77.

C. sorediatus. Hook. & Arn. Bot. Beechey, 328. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 686.
Durand, Pl. Pratten. 85. Torrey, Pac. R. Rep. 4. 74, in part; Mex. Bound. 44.
Watson, King’s Rep. 5. 51, excl. var.; Proc. Am. Acad. 10. 336.

C. nitidus. Torrey, Pac. R. Rep. 4. 75.

2 C. azureus. Kellogg, Proc. Calif. Acad. 1. 55, not Desf.

C. spinosus. Nutt.; Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 267. Hat. & Wr. 185. Torrey, Pac.
R. Rep. 7.9; Mex. Bound. 45. Watson, Proc. Am. Acad. 10. 387.

C. thyrsiflorus. Esch. in Mem. Acad. Petr. 10. 285 (Linn. Litt.-Ber. 1828, 149 ;
Presl, Repert. Bot. 1. 196). Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am. 1. 125. Don, Mill. 2. 87. Hook.
& Arn. Bot. Beechey, 186 & 328. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 266. JDietr. 1. 818. Eat.
& Wr. 185. Loud. Arbor. 2. 540. Lindl. Bot. Reg. 80, t. 38. Benth. Bat. Sulph.
10; Pl. Hartw. 302. Ann. Gand. 1847, t.107. Nutt. Sylva, 2. 44,t.57. Torrey,
Pac. R. Rep. 4. 74; Mex. Bound. 45; Bot. Wilkes, 263. Newberry, Pac. R. Rep.
6. 69. Cooper, same, 12.57. Bolander, Proc. Calif. Acad. 8. 78; Cat. 8. Watson,
Proc. Am. Acad. 10. 334.

C. elegans. Lemaire, Ill. Hort. 7, t. 268. Walp. Ann. 7. 591.
Var. (7?) macrothyrsus.. Torrey, Bot. Wilkes, 263. Watson, lL. ¢.

|

Ceanothus. Condalia.] RHAMNACEZ. 167

C. Veitchianus. Hook. Bot. Mag. t. 5127. Lemaire, Ill. Hort. 6, Mise. 76.
Fl. Serres, 13, 171, t.1383. Jour. Hort. 3,t.22. Belg. Hort. 10. 99, t. 8, f. 1-3.
Walp. Ann. 7. 591. Watson, Proc. Am. Acad. 10. 338.

C. velutinus. Dougl.; Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am. 1. 125, t.45; Bot. Mag. t. 5165.
Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 265 & 686. Eat. & Wr. 185. Loud. Arbor. 2. 540, f. 215.
Torrey, Frem. Rep. 88; Bot. Wilkes, 264. Richard. Arct. Exped. 428. Engelm.
Pl. Upp. Miss. 187. Newberry, Pac. R. Rep. 6. 69. Cooper, same, 12. 14 & 30.
Gray, Am. Jour. Sci. 2. 33. 407; Proc. Am. Acad. 8. 379. Walp. Ann. 7. 502.
Boland. Cat. 8. Anderson, Cat. 119. Watson, King’s Rep. 5. 51; Proc. Am. Acad.
10. 334. Coulter, Hayd. Rep. 1872, 763.

Var. leevigatus. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 265. Porter, Hayd. Rep. 1870, 474; 1871,
480; Fl. Col. 18. Watson, King’s Rep. 6. 51.

C’. levigatus. Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am. 1. 125.

C.. azureus ; hirsutus. C. macrocarpus & megacarpus; cuneatus.
Burmannianus ; ovatus. microphyllus ; serpyllifolius.
Californicus ; integerrimus. Nevadensis ; integerrimus.
colubrinus ; Colubrina ferruginosa. ~ nitidus ; hirsutus.
cuneatus ; Greggii, prostratus. officinalis ; Americanus.
divuricatus ; incanus. oliganthus; hirsutus.
diversifolius ; hirsutus. Oreganus ; sanguineus.
elegans ; thyrsiflorus. ovalis; ovatus.

Jerreus ; Scutia ferrea. perennis ; Americanus.
Fontanesianus ; ovatus. rigidus ; crassifolius.

herbuceus ; Americanus. sanguineus ; Americanus.

infestus ; Adolphia infesta. sorediatus ; decumbens, hirsutus.
integerrimus ; divaricatus. tardiflorus & trinervus ; Americanus.
intermedius ; Americanus, ovatus. verrucosus ; Cuneatus.

devigatus ; velutinus. 7; dentatus.

Lobbianus ; dentatus.

COLUBRINA ferruginosa. Brongn. Mem. Rham. 62, t.4,f.3. Griseb. FI.
Brit. W. Ind. 100.

Rhamnus colubrinus. Linn. Spec. 2 ed. 195. Jacq. Hort. Vind. 3, t.50. Poir.
in Lam. Dict. 4. 467. Rom. & Schult. Syst. 5. 284, with syn.

Ceanothus colubrinus. Wam. Ill. 2. 90. Persoon, 1. 244. DC. Prodr. 2. 31.

Rhamnus ferrugineus. Nutt. in Jour. Acad. Phil. 7.90. Torr. & Gray, FI. 1. 263.
Eat. & Wr. 390.

Perfonon (2) ferrugineum. Raf. Sylv. Tellur. 29.

Marcorella colubrina. Raf. 1. ¢. 81.

Colubrina Americana. Nutt. Sylva, 2. 47, t. 58. Chapman, 74.
C. Texensis. Gray, Pl. Lindh. 169; Pl. Wright. 1. 83. Walp. Ann. 2. 268. Tor-
rey, Mex. Bound. 47.

Rhamnus (+) Texensis. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 263. Eat. & Wr. 390. Young, FI.
Texas, 204.

Rhamnus Drummondii. Young, F1. Texas, 204.
CONDALIA obovata. Hook. Icon. t. 287. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 685. Gray,
Pl. Lindh. 169 ; Genera, 2. 172, t. 164; Pl. Wright. 1. 32 & 2. 27; Hall’e Pl. Tex. 5.
Torrey, Mex. Bound. 47.

168 RHAMNACEZ. [Condalia. Rhamnus.

C. spathulata. Gray, Pl. Wright 1.32 & 2.27. Walp. Ann. 4. 433. Torrey,
Mex. Bound. 47.

GOUANIA Domingensis. Linn. Spec. 2 ed. 1663. DC. Prodr. 2.39. Brongn.
Mem. Rham. 73. Griseb. Fl. Brit. W. Ind. 101. Chapman, 74.

KARWINSKIA Humboldtiana. Zucc. Nov. Stirp. in Denkschr. Baier.
Akad. 4. 351. Schlecht. in Linn. 15. 460. Gray, Pl. Wright. 1. 82 & 2. 28; Proce.
Am. Acad. 5.155. Seem. Bot. Herald. 275. Torrey, Mex. Bound. 47. Brew. &
Wats. Bot. Calif. 1. 100.

@ Rhamnus umbellatus. Cay. Icon. 6. 2, t. 504. DC. Prodr. 2. 26.

Rhamnus Humboldtianus. Rom. & Schult. Syst. 5. 295. HBK. Nov. Gen. 7. 40,
t.618. DC. Prodr. 2. 26.

2 Rhamnus biniflorus. DC. Prodr. 2. 26, not Hook. & Arn.

K. glandulosa. Zuce.1. ¢., t.16. Schlecht. in Linn. 15. 460.

K. affinis & biniflora. Schlecht. 1. ¢.

MICRORHAMNUS ericoides. Gray, Pl. Wright. 1. 83 & 2. 28. Torr. & Gray,
Pac. R. Rep. 2. 162. Walp. Ann. 4. 433.

RHAMNUS alnifolia. L’Her. Sert. Angl. 5 (Rom. u. Ust. Mag. Bot. 6.63). Ait.
Hort. Kew. 1. 266. Poir. in Lam. Dict. 4. 470; Suppl. 5. 739. Willd. Spee. 1. 1100.
Persoon, 1. 239. Nouv. Duham. 8. 89. Rom. & Schult. Syst. 5. 286. Torrey, FI.
U. S. 263; Fl. N. Y. 1. 148. DC. Prodr. 2.25. Guimp. Otto & Hayne, t. 61.
Spreng. Syst. 1. 769. Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am. 1. 122, t. 42. Don, Mill. 2.32. Beck,
Bot. 73. Spach, Hist. Veg. 2.455. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 262. Eat. & Wr. 390.
Nees, Pl. Wied, 5. Loud. Arbor. 2. 536, f. 206. Emerson, Mass. Trees, 474.
Gray, Genera, 2. 180; Manual, 115. Richard. Arct. Exp. 423. Pl. Bourgeau, 255.

R. franguloides. Michx. Fl. 1. 153. Nouv. Duham. 38. 46. Pursh, 166. Rom.
& Schult. Syst. 5. 286. Torrey, Fl. U. S. 263. Spreng. Syst. 1. 769. Don, Mill.
2.32. Kat. & Wr. 389. Loud. Arbor. 2. 5386, £. 207.

R. alpinus. Richard. Frankl. Journ. 6, not Linn.

Girtanneria alnifolia & franguloides. Raf. Sylv. Tellur. 28.

R: Californica. Esch. in Mem. Acad. Petr. 10. 281 (Linn. Litt.-Ber. 1828, 149;
Presl, Repert. Bot. 1.197). Don, Mill. 2.32. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 268. Dietr.
1. 806. Hat. & Wr. 390. Gray, Pl. Wright. 2. 28.

R. oleifolius. Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am. 1. 1238, t.44. Hook. & Arn. Bot. Beechey,
186 & 828. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 260. Eat. & Wr. 390. Benth. Bot. Sulph. 10;
Pl. Hartw. 802. Durand, Pl. Pratten. 85. Rev. Hort. 1874, 354, f. 47.

Endotropis oleifolia. Raf. Fl. Tellur. 31.

R. laurifolius. Nutt.; Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 260. Eat. & Wr. 890.

Frangula Californica. Gray, Genera, 2.178; Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist. 7. 146.
Torrey, Sitgr. Rep. 157; Pac. R. Rep. 4.74; Mex. Bound. 46; Bot. Wilkes, 261.
Newberry, Pac. R. Rep. 6.69. Boland. Proc. Calif. Acad. 8. 78; Cat. 8. Ander-
son, Cat. 119.

Var. tomentella. Brew. & Wats. Bot. Calif. 1. 101.
R. tomentellus. Benth. Pl. Hartw. 303. Seem. Bot. Herald, 275. Walp. Ann.
2. 267.
Frangula Californica, var. tomentella. Gray, Pl. Wright. 2..28. Torrey, Pac. R.
Rep. 4. 74 & 7. 9. :

R. catrwartica, Linn. Torrey, Fl. U. S. 263; Fl. N. Y. 1.148. Beck, Bot. 74.
Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1.261. Eat. & Wr. 890. Bigel. Fl. Bost. 8 ed. 95. | Emerson,
Mass. Trees, 478. Nutt. Sylva, 2.52. Gray, Manual, 114.

Rhamnus. Sageretia.] RHAMNACE. °169

R. Caroliniana. Walter, 101. Poir. in Lam. Dict. 4.476. Michx. Fl. 1. 158.
Nouv. Duham. 3. 47. Persoon, 1. 239. Pursh, 166. Rom. & Schult. Syst. 5. 285.
Elliott, 1. 289. DC. Prodr. 2.26. Spreng. Syst. 1.768. Torrey, Ann. Lyc. N. Y.
2.174. “Don, Mill. 2. 32. Hook. Jour. Bot. 1.202. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 262.
Dietr. 1. 807. Eat. & Wr. 390. Loud. Arbor. 2. 537. Gray, Pl. Lindh. 33; Hall’s
Pl. Tex. 5. Nutt. Sylva, 2. 50, t.59. Lesqx. Fl. Ark. 354. Wood, Cl.-Book, 291 ;
Bot. & Fl. 77.

2 Frangula fragilis. Raf. Fl. Lud. 320; Sylv. Tellur. 27.

Sarcomphalus Carolinianus. Raf. Sylv. Tellur. 29.

Frangula Caroliniana. Gray, Genera, 2. 178, t. 167; Manual, 115. Torrey, Mex.
Bound. 46. Curtis, Bot. N. Car. 92. Chapman, 73.

R. crocea. Nutt.; Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1.261. Eat. & Wr. 390. Lindl. in Jour.
Hort. Soc. 6. 217, fig. Paxton, Fl. Gard. 2.84. Torrey, Pac. R. Rep. 4. 74;
Mex. Bound. 46; Bot. Wilkes, 262. Boland. Cat. 8. Watson, Pl. Wheel. 7.

KR. ilicifolius. Kellogg, Proc. CBI Acad. 2. 36.

R. lanceolata. Pursh, 166. Poir. Suppl. 5. 739. Rom. & Schult. Syst. 5. 292.
DC. Prodr. 2. 27. Spreng. Syst. 1.769. Don, Mill. 2.33. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 261.
Dietr. 1. 808. Eat. & Wr. 890. Torrey, Nicol. Rep. 147. Eugelm. & Gray, Pl.
Lindh. 83. Gray, Genera, 2. 180, t. 168; enue 114. Parry, Pl. Minn. 610.
Engelm. Pl. Upp. Miss. 187. Chapman, 73.

Cardiolepis nigra & rubra. Raf. Neogen. 1825; Syly. Tellur. 28.

Sageretia lanceolata. Don, Mill. 2. 29.

R. Shortt. Nutt. in Jour. Acad. Philad. 7. 91.

Sarcomphalus Shortianus. Raf. Sylv. Tellur. 29.

Kh. parvifolius. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 262 & 685, not Bunge. Eat. & Wr. 890.
R. Purshiana. DC. Prodr. 2. 25. Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am. 1. 128, t. 43; Lond. Jour.
Bot. 6. 78. Don, Mill. 2.32. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 12.262. Dietr. 1.807. Loud.
Arbor. 2. 538, f. 211. Nutt. Sylva, 2.52. Richard. Arct. Exped. 4238. Newberry,
Pac. R. Rep. 6. 69. Boland. Cat. 8. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 8. 379.

R. alnifolius. Pursh, 166, not L’Her.

Cardiolepis obtusa. Raf. Sylv. Tellur. 28.

Frangula Purshiana. Cooper, Pac. R. Rep. 12. 29 & 57. Torrey, Bot. Wilkes,
262.

R. alnifolius ; Purshiana. R. laurifolius ; Californica.
alpinus ; Californica. minutiflorus ; Sageretia Michauxii.
biniflorus ; WKarwinskia Humboldt- obtusifolius ; Zizyphus obtusifolius.
jana. oleifolius ; Californica.
colubrinus ; Colubrina ferruginea. parvifolius ; lanceolata.
cuneatus ; Ceanothus cuneatus. scandens ; Berchemia volubilis.
Drummondii ; Colubrina Texensis. ‘Shortii ; lanceolata.
Jerreus ; Scutia ferrea. Texensis ; Colubrina Texensis.
JSerrugineus ; Colubrina ferruginea. tomentellus ; Californica.
JSranguloides ; alnifolia. umbellatus ; Karwinskia Humboldt-
Humboldtianus ; Karwinskia Hum- jana.
boldtiana. volubilis ; Berchemia volubilis.

ilicifolius ; crocea.

SAGERETIA Michauxii. Brongn. Mem. Rhamn. 53; Ann. Sci. Nat. 1. 10. 360.
Don, Mill. 2.29. Torr. & Gray, FI. 1. 263. Gray, Genera, 2..176, t. 166; Pl.
Wright. 2. 28. Curtis, Bot. N. Car. 117. Chapman, 73. Wood, Bot. & Fl. 76.

170° RHAMNACEZ. [Sageretia. Ampelopsis.

Rhamnus minutiflorus. Michx. Fl. 1.154. Persoon, 1. 239. Nouv. Duham. 3. 37.
Pursh, 166. Poir. Suppl.4.88. Nutt. Genera, 1. 152, Rom. & Schult. Syst.
5. 285. Elliott, 1.289. DC. Prodr. 2. 27. Spreng. Syst. 1.769. Dietr. 1. 808.
Eat. & Wr. 390.

Afarca parviflora. Raf. Syly. Tellur. 80.

Segregatia Michauzii. Wood, Cl.-Book, 292.

SCUTIA ferrea. Brongn. Mem. Rhamn. 56; Ann. Sci. Nat. 1. 10. 363. Chap-
man, 72.

Rhamnus ferreus. Vahl, Symb. 3. 41, t. 58.

Zizyphus emarginatus, Swartz, Fl. Ind. Occ. 1954.

Ceanothus ferreus. WC. Prodr. 2. 30.

Condalia ferrea. Griseb. Fl. Brit. W. Ind. 100.

ZIZYPHUS lycioides. Gray, Pl. Lindh. 168; Pl. Wright. 1. 32 & 2: 27.
Walp. Ann. 2. 266. Torr. & Gray, Pac. R. Rep. 2. 162. Torrey, Mex. Bound. 46.

Z. obtusifolius. Gray, Pl. Lindh. 168; Genera, 2. 170, t.163; Pl. Wright. 1. 32
& 2.27. Torrey, Mex. Bound. 46.

Rhamnus (7?) obtusifolius. Hook.; Torr & Gray, Fl. 1. 685. Young, FI. Texas,
208.

Paliurus Texanus. Scheele in Linn. 21. 594. Walp. Ann. 2. 266.
Z. Parryi. Torrey, Mex. Bound. 46. Walp. Ann. 7. 587.

VITACEA.

AMPELOPSIS quinquefolia. Michx. Fl. 1. 160. Rom. & Schult. Syst. 5. 321.
James, Long’s Exped. 1. 817 & 8.18. ‘Torrey, Ann. Lye. N. Y. 2.178; FI. N. Y.
1. 148; Sitgr. Rep. 157; Pac. R. Rep. 7.9; Mex. Bound. 45. Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am.
1.114. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 245. Eat. & Wr. 128. Emerson, Mass. Trees, 471.
Gray, Pl. Fendl. 80; Genera, 2. 166, t. 162; Pac. R. Rep. 12. 41; Manual, 113.
Richard. Arct. Exped. 423. Parry, Pl. Minn. 610. Engelm. Pl. Upp. Miss. 187.
Curtis, Bot. N. Car. 115. Chapman, 72. Lesqx. Fl. Ark. 354. Desmoul. in Act.
Soc. Linn. Bord. 24.1. Bailey, Am. Naturalist, 7. 4, f..2. Porter, Fl. Col. 19.

Hedera quinquefolia. Linn. Spec. 292. Hill, Veg. Syst. 16, t.7,f.2. Marsh.
Arbust. 59. Roth, Beitr. Bot. 1.17. Walter, 102. Ait. Hort. Kew. 1. 281.

Vitis hederacea. Ehrh. Beitr. 6.85. Willd. Spee. 1. 1182; Enum. 267. Poir.
Dict. 8.610. Ait. f. Hort. Kew. 2.52. Bigel. Fl. Bost. 98. Loisel. Nouv. Duham.
7.210. Spreng. Syst. 1.778. Dietr. 1.853. Durand, Bull. Soc. Acclim. 9. 486 ;
Mon. Vit. 60.

Vitis quinquefolia. Lam. Ill. 2.185. Moench, Meth. 76. Miquel, Ann. Mus.
Lugd.-Bat. 1. 91.

Cissus hederacea. Persoon, 1. 148. Pursh, 170. Nutt. Genera, 1. 144. Elliott,
1. 305. Torrey, Fl. U. S. 266.

Ampelopsis hirsuta. Donn, Cat. Cantab. 166. Muhl. Cat, 26. Rom. & Schult.
Syst. 5. 821. DC. Prodr. 1.633. Don, Mill. 1. 694. Beck, Bot. 66. Loud.
Arbor. 1. 482.

A, hederacea. DC. Prodr. 1. 638. Don, Mill. 1. 694. Beck, Bot. 65. Spach,
Hist. Veg. 8. 216. Hook. Jour. Bot. 1.200. Darling. Fl. Cestr. 153. Loud. Ar-
bor..1. 482, f. 146.

Quinaria hederacea & hirsuta. Raf. Med. Bot. 2. 122.

Ampelopsis heptaphylla. Buckl. in Proc. Acad. Philad. 1861, 450 and 1870, 186 ;
fide Gray in same, 1862, 162. Young, Fl. Texas, 202.

Vitis.] VITACES. 171

VITIS acida. Chapman, 70. Durand, Bull. Soc. Acclim. 9. 486; Mon. Vit. 59.
Young, Fl. Texas, 199.

Sicyos trifoliata. Linn. Spec. 1013.

Cissus acida. Linn. Spec. 2 ed. 170. Lam. Dict. 1.30. DC. Prodr. 1. 630.

Griseb. Fl. Brit. W. Ind. 102, with syn.
V. estivalis. Michx. Fl. 2. 230. Poir. Dict. 8. 608. Pursh, 169. Nutt. Genera,
1. 143. Rom. & Schult. Syst. 5. 317. DC. Prodr. 1. 634. Elliott, 2. 688. Torrey,
Fl. U. S. 265; Fl. N. Y. 1. 146; Sitgr. Rep. 157; Emory’s Rep. 407; Mex. Bound.
45. Audubon, Birds, t. 111, 114. Don, Mill. 1.711. Beck, Bot. 66. Spach,
Hist. Veg. 8. 828. Hook. Jour. Bot. 1.200. Darling. Fl. Cestr. 151. Torr. &
Gray, Fl. 1. 244. Eat. & Wr. 480. Bigel. Fl. Bost. 3 ed. 97. Loud. Arbor.
1.479, f. 142. Emerson, Mass. Trees, 469. Richard. Arct. Exped. 423. Le
Conte, Proc. Acad. Philad. 1853, 271 (Regensb. Flora, 86. 707). | Curtis, Bot. N.
Car. 111. Chapman, 71. Buckl. in Pat. Off. Rep. 1861, 482. Durand, Bull. Soe.
Acclim. 9. 481; Mon. Vit. 49. Miquel, Ann. Mus. Lugd.-Bat. 1. 98. Gray, Manual,
112 & 679; Hall’s Pl. Tex. 5. Engelm. in Am. Naturalist, 2. 821; Rep. Missouri
State Entom. 1872, 61. Planch. in Bull. Soc. France, 21, Compt. Rend. 110.

V. luciniosa & vinifera, var. Americana, Marsh. Arbust. 165 & 166.

V. Labrusca. Walter, 248.

V. palmata. Vahl, Symb. 3. 42. Lam. Ill. 2. 185. Willd. Spee. 1. 1180. Per-
soon, 1. 252. Poir. Dict. 8. 607, referring it doubtfully to V. vu/pina. Pursh, 170.
DC. Prodr. 1.635. Spreng. Syst. 1.778. Raf. Med. Bot. 2. 184. Don, Mill.
Pei2emDietry L833.

V. vulpina. Jacq. Hort. Schonb. 4. 18, t. 425, fide Regel. Planch., 1. c. 109,
refers it doubtfully to V. Labrusca.

7, Virginiana. Poir. Dict. 8. 608. Desf. Cat. Hort. Par. 2 ed. 164. Loisel.
Nouv. Duham. 7. 209. DC. Prodr. 1. 635. Raf. Med. Bot. 2. 134.

” intermedia & labruscoides. Muhl. Cat. 26.

V. sinuata. Don, Mill. 1.711. Loud. Arbor. 1. 479.

V. bicolor. Le Conte, Proc. Acad. Philad. 1852, 272 (Regensb. Flora, 36. 708}.

V. Linsecumii. Buckley, Pat. Off. Rep. 1861, 485; Proc. Acad. Philad. 1861,
451, & 1870, 186. Gray, in same, 1862, 162, referring it to V. Labrusca. Durand,
Bull. Soc. Acclim. 9. 485; Monog. Vit. 57 & 64. Walp. Ann. 7.616. Young, Fi.
Texas, 200. ;

V. Labrusca, var. estivalis. Regel, Conspect. Vitis, 396.

—_

_—

Var. (¢) cinerea. Engelm. in Gray, Manual, 679. Gray, Hall’s Pl. Tex. 5.
V. estivalis, var. Gray, Pl. Lindh. 166; Pl. Wright. 2. 27.
V. estivalis, var. canescens. Engelm. in Am. Naturalist, 2. 321.
Var. monticola. Engelm. in Am. Naturalist, 2. 321.
2 V. vulpina. Gray, Pl. Lindh. 166.
4 V. estivalis, var. Gray, Pl. Wright. 1. 32.
V. monticola. Buckley, Pat. Off. Rep. 1861, 485; Proc. Acad. Philad. 1861, 450,
& 1870, 136. Gray, in same, 1862, 162, referring it to V. rupestris. Durand, Bull.
Soc. Acclim. 9. 484; Monog. Vit. 57 &63. Young, Fl. Texas, 200. Planch. in
Bull. Soc. France, 21, Compt. Rend. 111.
V. arborea. Linn. Spec. 203. Marsh. Arbust. 164. Ait. Hort. Kew. 1. 283.
Lam. Ill. 2. 185. Moench, Meth. 76. Willd. Spee, 1.1183; Enum. 267. Jacq.
Hort. Scheenbr. 4. 14, t. 428. Poir. Dict. 8.609. Loisel. Nouv. Duham. 7. 210.
Spreng. Syst. 1.778. Dietr. 1.834. Buckley, Pat. Off. Rep. 1861, 486. Koch,
Dendr. 1, 558. Regel, Conspect. Vitis, 391.
Hedera arborea. Walter, 102.

172 VITACEZ. [ Vitis.

Cissus orientalis. Wam. Ill. 1. 332, t. 84, f. 2. Poir. Suppl. 1. 108.

Vitis pinata. Vahl, Symb. 3.48. Lam. Ill. 2. 185. Willd. Spec. 1. 1182.
Persoon, 1. 253. Poir. Dict. 8. 611. Spreng. Syst. 1. 778.

Ampelopsis bipinnata. Michx. Fl. 1.160. DC. Prodr. 1. 688. Torrey, Ann.
Lye. N. Y. 2.172. Don, Mill. 1. 694. Hook. Jour. Bot. 1. 200. Spach, Hist. Veg.
8. 217. Loud. Arbor. 1. 482. :

Cissus stans. Persoon, 1. 143. Pursh, 170.

Cissus bipinnata. Nutt. Genera, 1. 144. Elliott, 1. 804. James, Cat. 177 ; Long’s
Exped. 3. 18.

Ampeopsis pinnata. DC. Prodr. 1. 633.

Vitis bipinnata. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 248. Eat. & Wr. 480. Engelm. & Gray, |
Pl. Lindh. 6. Engelm. in Wisliz. Rep. 31. Torrey, Mex. Bound. 45. Curtis, Bot.
N. Car. 115. Chapman, 70. Durand, Bull. Soc. Acclim. 9. 486; Monog. Vit. 60.
Gray, Manual, 118; Hall’s Pl. Tex. 5.

Cissus arborea. Desmoul. in Durand, Monog. Vit. 60.

Vitis orientalis. Boiss. Fl. Orient. 1. 956; fide Maxim. in Diag. Pl. Nov. Jap.
dec. 15. 149.

V. Arizonica. Engelm. in Am. Naturalist, 2. 321 & 9. 268; Rep. Missouri State
Entom. 1872,62. Planch. in Bull. Soe. France, 21, Compt. Rend. 111.

V. estivalis, var. (4) Gray, Pl. Wright. 2.27. Watson, Pl. Wheel. 7.

V. estivalis. ‘Torrey, Pac. R. Rep. 7. 9.
V. Californica. Benth. Bot. Sulph. 10; Pl. Hartw. 302. Newberry, Pace. R. Rep.
6.70. Torrey, Mex. Bound. 45; Bot. Wilkes, 265. Buckley, Pat. Off. Rep. 1861,
483. Durand, Bull. Soc. Acclim. 9. 482; Monog. Vit. 54. Engelm. ll. ce. 2. 821,
9. 269, & 62. Boland. Cat. 7. Anderson, Cat. 119. Planch. 1. ec. 111.

V. Caribea. Hook. & Arn. Bot. Beechey, 327. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 688.

V. candicans. Engelm.; Gray, Pl. Lindh. 2.166; Pl. Wright. 1. 82; Hall’s Pl.
Tex. 5. Durand, Monog. Vit. 51. Koch, Dendr. 1. 550. Engelm. ll. cc. 321 &
62. Planch. 1. ec. 110.

V. coriacea. Shuttlw. in herb., referred to V. Caribea by Chapman, 71.

' V. Mustangensis. Buckley, Pat. Off. Rep. 1861, 482; Proce. Acad. Philad. 1861,
451 & 1870, 186; fide Gray, same, 1862, 162. Durand, Bull. Soc. Acclim. 9. 482.
Young, Fl. Texas, 200.

V. Labrusca, var. typica ficifolia. Regel, Conspect. Vitis, 396.

V. Caribeea. DC. Prodr. 1. 634. Chapman, 71. Buckley, Pat. Off. Rep. 1861,
483. Durand, Bull. Soe. Acclim. 9. 482; Monog. Vit. 51 & 68. Griseb. Fl. Brit.
W. Ind. 102, with syn. Engelm. in Am. Naturalist, 2.521. Wood, Bot. & Fl. 78.
Planch. 1. e. 110.

V. Labrusca. Winn. Spee. 203, in part.

V. cordifolia. Lam. Ill. 2. 1342 Michx. Fl. 2.281. Poir. Dict. 8.609. Pursh, 169.
Loisel. Nouv. Duham. 7. 209. Rém. & Schult. Syst. 5. 319. Elliott, 2.688. DC. Prodr.
1. 634. Spreng. Syst.1.777. Raf. Med. Bot. 2.131. Don, Mill. 1.711. Hook. Jour.
Bot. 1.200. Spach, Hist. Veg. 3. 229. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 244. Dietr. 1.832. Eat.
& Wr. 480. Nees, Pl. Wied, 5. Torrey, Fl. N. Y. 1.147. Loud. Arbor. 1. 480,
f.143. Emerson, Mass. Trees, 470. Scheele, Rom. Texas, 433. Richard. Arct.
Exped. 423. Engelm. Pl. Upp. Miss. 187; Am. Naturalist, 2. 821 & 9. 269; Rep.
Missouri State Entom. 1872, 60. Curtis, Bot. N. Car. 114. Chapman, 71. Buck-
ley, Pat. Off. Rep. 1861, 483. Durand, Bull. Soc. Acclim. 9. 488 ; Monog. Vit. 54.
Gray, Manual, 112 & 679. Planch. 1. ec. 110, excl. var.

V. vulpina. Muhl. Cat. 26. Torrey, Fl. U. 8. 264. Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am. 1. 115.

Vitis.] VITACE. 173

Beck, Bot. 66. Bigel. Fl. Bost. 3 ed. 97. Le Conte, Proc. Acad. Philad. 1853,
272 (Regensb. Flora, 36. 709).
V. vulpina, var. cordifolia. Regel, Conspect. Vitis, 394.

Var. foetida. Engelm. in Am. Naturalist, 2. 321.

V.incisa. Nutt.; Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 248. Eat. & Wr. 480. Walp. Rep. 1. 442.
Gray, Pl. Lindh. 166; Pl. Wright. 1.382; Hall’s Pl. Tex. 5. Engelm. in Wisliz.
Rep. 31. Torrey, Pac. R. Rep. 4. 73; Mex. Bound. 45. ‘Chapman, 70. Buckley,
Pat. Off. Rep. 1861, 486. Durand, ll. cc. 486 & 59. Wood, Bot. & Fl.78. Young,
Fl. Texas, 199. Regel, Conspect. Vitis, 393.

Cissus incisa. Desmoul. in Durand, Monog. Vit. 59.

V. indivisa. Willd. Berl. Baumz. 2. 538. Spreng. Syst. 1.777. Torr. & Gray,
Fl. 1. 248. Dietr. 1.832. Eat. & Wr. 480. Gray, Pl. Wright. 1.82; Manual,
113; Hall’s Pl. Tex. 5. Engelm. Pl. Upp. Miss. 187. Chapman, 71. Buckley,
Pat. Off. Rep. 1861, 486. Durand, Il. cc. 486 & 58.

Ampelopsis cordata. Michx. Fl. 1.159. Rom. & Schult. Syst. 5.321. DC.
Prodr. 1. 683. Torrey, Ann. Lye. N. Y. 2.173. Don, Mill. 1.694. Beck, Bot. 65.
Hook. Jour. Bot. 1. 200. Spach, Hist. Veg. 8. 215. Loud. Arbor. 1. 481.

Cissus Ampelopsis. Persoon, 1. 142. Poir. Suppl. 1. 108. Pursh, 170. Elliott,
1. 305. Torrey, Fl. U. S. 266.

Cissus indivisa. Desmoul. in Durand, Monog. Vit. 59.

itis heterophylla, var. cordata. Regel, Conspect. Vitis, 392.

V. Labrusca. Linn. Spec. 203, in part. Marsh. Arbust. 165. Ait. Hort. Kew.
1. 282. Lam. Ill. 2.184. Moench, Meth. 75. Willd. Spec. 1. 1181; Enum. 267.
Michx. Fl. 2. 230. Jacq. Hort. Scheenb. 4. 13, t.426. Persoon, 1. 258. Poir.
Dict..8. 606. Pursh, 169. Bigel. Fl. Bost. 93. Loisel. Nouv. Duham. 7. 211.
Rom. & Schult. Syst. 5. 316. Elliott, 2.689. DC. Prodr. 1.634. Torrey, FI.
U.S. 264; FIN. Y. 1.146. Spreng. Syst. 1.778. Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am. 1. 115;
Jour. Bot. 1. 200. Don, Mill. 1.711. Beck, Bot. 66. Spach, Hist. Veg. 8. 228.
Darling. Fl. Cestr. 150. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1.244. Dietr. 1.882. Eat. & Wr.
480. Loud. Arbor. 1. 479, f.141. Emerson, Mass. Trees, 467. Gray, Genera,
2. 164, t. 161; Manual, 112. Curtis, Bot. N. Car. 112. Chapman, 71. Le Conte,
Proc. Acad. Philad. 1853, 270 (Regensb. Flora, 36. 707). Buckley, Pat. Off. Rep.
1861, 481. Durand, Bull. Soc. Acclim. 9. 481; Monog. Vit. 44. Miquel, Ann. Mus.
Lugd.-Bat. 1. 98. Engelm. in Am. Naturalist, 2. 321 & 9. 269; Rep. Missouri State
Entom. 1872, 61. Regel, Conspect. Vitis, 395, in part. Planch. Bull. Soc. France,
21, Compt. Rend. 110.

V. taurina. Walter, 242.

V. palmata, pullata & tenuifolia. We Conte, Il. ec. 271 & 707.

? V. bracteata. Le Conte, ll. cc. Raf. Med. Bot. 2. 125. Durand, Monog.
Vit. 49.

V. riparia. Michx. FI. 2. 231. Poir. Dict. 8. 609. Pursh, 169. Rém. & Schult.
Syst. 5.319. Sims, Bot. Mag. t. 2429. Elliott, 2.688. DC. Prodr. 1. 635. Tor-
rey, Fl. U. S. 265; Fl. N. Y.1 147. Spreng. Syst. 1.777. Raf. Med. Bot. 2. 131.
Don, Mill. 1.711. Beck, Bot. 66. Hook. Jour Bot. 1.200. Spach, Hist. Veg.
3.229. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 244. Dietr. 1. 832. Eat. & Wr. 480. Loud. Arbor.
1. 480. Emerson, Mass. Trees, 470. Gray, Manual, 1 ed. 86. Parry, Pl. Minn. 610.
Le Conte, Proe. Acad. Philad. 1853, 273 (Regensb. Flora, 36. 708). Engelm. PI.
Upp. Miss. 187; Am. Naturalist, 2. 8321 & 9. 269; Gray’s Manual, 679; Rep. Mis-
souri State Entom. 1872, 61. Porter, Hayd. Rep. 1870, 474 ; Fl. Col. 19.
% V. vulpina. Linn. Spec. 203, in part, fide Planch. 1. ¢. 109.

174 VITACEZ. [Vitis. Acer.

V. incisa. Jacq. Hort. Schoenb. 4. 14, t. 427.

V. odoratissima. Donn, Cat. Cant. 66. Raf. Med. Bot. 2. 182. Le Conte, ll. ce.
273 & 709.

2 V. cordifolia. Darling. Fl. Cestr. 151.

V. cordifolia, var. riparia. Gray, Manual, 113. Chapman, 71. Durand, Bull.
Soc. Acclim. 9. 483; Monog. Vit. 55, Planch. Bull. Soc. France, 21, Compt.
Rend. 110.

V. vulpina, var. riparia. Regel, Conspect. Vitis, 395.

V. rupestris. Scheele, Linn. 21.591. Gray, Pl. Lindh. 165; Pl. Wright. 2. 27;
Ives’s Rep. 9. Walp. Ann. 2. 231. . Torrey, Marcy’s Rep. 282; Pac. R. Rep. 4. 73.
Torr. & Gray, same, 2. 162. Buckley, Pat. Off. Rep. 1861, 485. Durand, Il. ce.
484,56 & 68. Engelm. in Am. Naturalist, 2.322; Rep. Miss. Entom. 1872, 61.
Young, Fl. Texas, 201. Planch. 1. ce. 111.

V. vulpina. Linn. Spec. 203, in part, fide Planch. 1. c. 109. Marsh. Arbust. 165.
Walter, 243. Ait. Hort. Kew. 1. 282. Lam. Ill. 2. 184. Moench, Meth. 75. Willd.
Spec. 1. 1181; Enum. 267. Persoon, 1. 253. Poir. Dict. 8. 607. Rom. & Schult.
Syst. 5. 817. Loisel. Nouv. Duham. 7. 211. Spreng. Syst. 1.778. Raf. Med. Bot.
2.182. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1.245. Dietr. 1.832. Hat. & Wr. 480. Curtis, Bot.
N. Car. 1138. Chapman, 71. Lesqx. Fl. Ark. 353. Miquel, Ann. Mus. Lugd.-Bat.
1.98. Gray, Manual, 118; Hall’s Pl. Tex. 5. Engelm. in Am. Naturalist, 2. 321
& 9. 269; Rep. Miss. Entom. 1872, 62. Regel, Conspect. Vitis, 3894.

V. rotundifolia. Michx. Fl. 2.281. Poir. Dict. 8. 609. Pursh, 169. Elliott,
2. 687.. DC. Prodr. 1. 635. Audubon, Birds, t. 44. Spreng. Syst. 1.777. Spach,
Hist. Veg. 3. 330. Don, Mill. 1.711. Hook. Jour. Bot. 1.200. Dietr: 1. 832.
Loud. Arbor. 1. 480. Le Conte, Proc. Acad. Philad. 1858, 273 (Regensb. Flora,
36. 709). Buckley, Pat. Off. Rep. 1861, 484. Durand, ll. ec. 484 & 56. Jacques,
Am. Naturalist, 1. 638, fig. Planch. 1. c. 109.

V. estivalis ; Arizonica. V. monticola ; sestivalis.

bicolor ; zestivalis.
bipinnata ; arborea.
bracteata ; Labrusca.
Caribea ; Californica.
cordifolia ; riparia.
coriacea ; candicans.

hederacea ; Ampelopsis quinquefolia.

heterophylla ; indivisa.

incisa ; riparia.

intermedia ; wstivalis.

Labrusca; estivalis, candicans &
Caribea.

labruscoides, laciniosa & Linsecumii ;
2estivalis.

Mustangensis ; candicans.

odoratissima ; riparia.

orientalis ; arborea.

palmata; estivalis, Labrusca.

punnata ; arborea.

pullata ; Labrusca.

quinquefolia; Ampelopsis quinque-
folia.

rotundifolia ; vulpina.

sinuata ; estivalis.

taurina & tenuifolia ; Labrusca.

vinifera & Virginiana; estivalis.

vulpina; estivalis, riparia & cordi-
folia.

SAPINDACEZE.

ACER circinatum. Pursh, 266. Poir. Suppl. 5. 669. Nutt. Genera, 1. 255;
Jour. Acad. Philad. 7. 16, excl. syn.; Sylva, 2. 80, t.68. DC. Prodr. 1. 595.
Spreng. Syst. 2. 225. Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am. 1. 112, t. 39. Don, Mill. 1. 651. Spach,

Acer.| SAPINDACE. is

Ann. Sci. Nat. 2. 2. 166; Hist. Veg. 3.97. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1.247. Eat. & Wr.
112. Dietr. 2.1282. Loud. Arbor. 1. 422, £112,127. Richard. Arct. Exped.
422. Lindl. in Paxt. Fl. Gard. 2. 146, f. 211 (FI. Serres, 7. 210, fig.). Newberry,
Pac. R. Rep. 6. 21 & 69. Cooper, same, 12. 28 & 57. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 8. 379.
Torrey, Bot. Wilkes, 258.

A. dasycarpum. Ehrh. Beitr. 4. 24. Moench, Meth. 56. Persoon, 1. 417.
Willd. Spec. 4. 985; Enum. 1044. Ait. f. Hort. Kew. 5. 446. Pursh, 266. Nutt.
Genera, 1. 252; Sylva, 2. 87. Elliott, 1.449. Bigel. Fl. Bost. 379. Torrey, FI.
U.S. 396; Fl. N. Y. 1. 186, t. 18; Nicol. Rep. 147. Spreng. Syst. 2.225. Tausch,
Regensb. Flora, 127. 553. Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am. 1.113; Jour. Bot. 1. 200. Torr. &
Gray, Fl. 1.248. Hat. & Wr.112. Loud. Arbor. 1. 423, t. 37, 38 & fig. 129.
Emerson, Mass. Trees, 487. Richard. Arct. Exped. 423. Parry, Pl. Minn. 610.
Curtis, Bot. N. Car. 51. Chapman, 81. Buchenau, Bot. Zeit. 19. 285, t. 11, figs.
Gray, Struct. Bot. 410, fig. 781-788; Manual, 119.

A. saccharinun. Linn. Spee. 1055, fide herb.

A. rubrum, var. pallidum. Ait. Hort. Kew. 8. 434.

A. erlocarpum. Michx. Fl. 2. 253. Desf. in Ann. Mus. 7. 412, t=. 25,f.1. Poir.

Suppl. 2. 578. Tratt. Archiv. 1, t. 8. Michx. f. Arbr. Amer. 2. 205, t.13. Loisel.
Nouv. Duham. 4. 30. DC. Prodr. 1. 595. Don, Mill. 1. 650. Beck, Bot. 63.
Spach, Hist. Veg. 8. 116; Ann. Sci. Nat. 2. 2.177. Darling. Fl. Cestr. 245. Dietr.
2.1282. Meehan, Proc. Acad. Philad. 1868, 140.
A. glabrum. Torrey, Ann. Lye. N. Y. 2. 172; Bot. Wilkes, 259. Don, Mill. 1. 650.
Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 247 © 684. Eat. & Wr. 112. Walp. Rep. 1. 409. Nutt. Sylva,
2.86. Engelm. Pl. Upp. Miss. 187. Newberry, Pac. R. Rep. 6. 69. Cooper, same,
12. 51 & 57; Am. Naturalist, 38.406. Gray, Am. Jour. Sci. 2. 34. 259; Proc. Acad.
Philad. 1863, 59. Boland. Cat.8. Porter, Hayd. Rep. 1870, 474; 1871, 480; Fl.
Col. 19. Watson, King’s Rep. 5. 52. Coulter, Hayd. Rep. 1872, 763. Rothrock,
Pl. Wheel. 36.

A. barbatum. Dougl.; Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am. 1.118. Loud. Arbor. 1. 420, f. 125,
excl. syn.

A, Douglasii. Wook. in Lond. Jour. Bot. 6. 77, t. 6.

A. tripartitum. Nutt.; Torr. & Gray, Fl.1. 247. Dietr. 2.1281. Eat. & Wr.
112. Walp. Rep. 1.409. Gray, Pl. Fendl. 28; Pac. R. Rep. 4.78. ‘Nutt. Sylva,
2. 85, t. 71. Newberry, Pac. R. Rep. 6. 60.

A. grandidentatum. Nutt.; Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 247. Dietr. 2.1283. Eat. &
Wr. 112. Walp. Rep. 1.409. Nutt. Sylva, 2. 82, t.69. Watson, King’s Rep.
5. 52; Pl. Wheel. 7. Porter, Hayd. Rep. 1871, 480. Parry, Am. Nat. 9. 201 & 268.
A. macrophyllum. Pursh, 267. Poir. Suppl. 5.669. Nutt. Genera, 1. 253;
Sylva, 2. 77, t.67. DC. Prodr. 1. 594. Spreng. Syst. 2. 225. Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am.
1. 112, t. 38. Don, Mill. 1. 648. Spach, Ann. Sci. Nat. 2. 2.165. Torr. & Gray,
Fl. 1. 246. Hook. & Arn. Bot. Beechey, 327. Dietr. 2.1281. Eat. & Wr. 112.
Loud. Arbor. 1. 408, t. 28, £117,118. Benth. Pl. Hartw. 301. Richard. Arct.
Exped. 423. Durand, Pl. Pratten. 84. Torrey, Pac. R. Rep. 4.74; Mex. Bound.
47; Bot. Wilkes, 258. Newberry, Pac. R. Rep. 6. 21 & 69. Cooper, same, 12. 28
& 57. Boland. Proc. Calif. Acad. 8.78; Cat. 8. Rothr. Alaska, 434. Wood, Bot.
& Fl. 74. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 8. 379.

¢ A. Murrayanum, Hort. ‘“ Farmer, 1867, 821” (Gard. Chronicle, 1873, 1682).

A. Mexicanum. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 5. 176. (Northeastern Mexico.)

A. Pennsylvanicum. Linn. Spec. 1055. Ait. Hort. Kew. 3. 485. Michx. Fl.
2. 252. Willd. Spec. 4. 989; Enum. 1045. Loisel. Nouv. Duham. 4. 32. ‘Tratt.
Archiv. 1, t.11. Elliott, 1.451. Torrey, Fl. U. 8. 397; Fl. N. Y. 1. 185. Spreng.

176 SAPINDACE A. [Acer.

Syst. 2.224. Hook. FI. Bor.-Am.1.111. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 246. Emerson,
Mass. Trees, 496. Gray, Genera, 2. 200, t. 174, f. 1-3 (fl.); Manual, 119. Rich-
ard. Arct. Exped. 422. Curtis, Bot. N. Car. 52. Chapman, 80. Buchenau, Bot.
Zeit. 19. 285, t. 11, f. 24. 1

A. Canadense. Marsh. Arbust. 4.

A, striatum. DuRoi, Diss. 58; Harbk. 1. 8,t. 1. Wangenh. Amer. 29, t. 12, f. 2.
Lam. Dict. 2. 881. Ehrh. Beitr. 4. 25. Moench, Meth. 56. Persoon, 1. 417.
Michx. f. Arbr. Amer. 2. 242,t.17. Pursh, 267. Nutt. Genera, 1. 253. DC;
Prodr. 1. 598. Bigel. Fl. Bost. 879. Watson, Dendr. t.'70. Don, Mill. 1. 648.
Beck, Bot. 64. Spach, Hist. Veg. 3. 85; Ann. Sci. Nat. 2. 2. 162. Dietr. 2. 1281.
Eat. & Wr. 112. Loud. Arbor. 1. 407, t. 27 & £. 116.

A. rubrum. Linn. Spec. 1055. DuRoi, Diss. 59. Marsh. Arbust. 3. Lam. Dict.
2. 380; Ill. t. 844,f 3. Ehrh. Beitr. 4.238. Ait. Hort. Kew. 3. 434, excl. var.
Moench, Meth. 56. Michx. Fl. 2. 253. Persoon, 1.417. Loisel. Nouv. Duham.
4.31. Willd. Spec. 4. 984; Enum. 1044. Desf. in Ann. Mus. 7. 418, t. 25, f. 2.
Poir. Suppl. 2.574. Tratt. Archiv. 1,t.9. Michx. f. Arbr. Amer. 2. 210, t. 14.
Pursh, 265. Bigel. Fl. Bost. 877. Nutt. Genera, 1. 252. Elliott, 1.449. James,
Long’s Exped. 2. 845. Torrey, Fl. U. S. 395; Fl. N. Y. 1.187. Watson, Dendr.
t.169. Spreng. Syst. 2. 225. Audubon, Birds, t. 54,67. Tausch, Regensb. Flora,
12. 552. Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am. 1. 114; Jour. Bot. 1. 199. Don, Mill. 1. 650. Beck,
Bot. 68. Spach, Hist. Veg. 3.113; Ann. Sci. Nat. 2.2.176. Darling. Fl. Cestr.
244. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 249 & 684. Dietr. 2.1282. Eat. & Wr. 112. Walp.
Rep. 1. 409. Loud. Arbor. 1. 424, t. 39,40 & £130. Emerson, Mass. Trees, 483.
Richard. Arct. Exped. 422. Nutt. Sylva, 2. 87. Engelm. Pl. Upp. Miss. 187.
Curtis, Bot. N. Car. 50. Chapman, 81. Buchenau, Bot. Zeit. 19. 285, t. 11, figs.
Pl. Bourgeau, 255. Gray, Manual, 119.

% A. glaucum. Marsh. Arbust. 2.

2 A. Carolinianum. Walter, 251.

A. coccineum. Michx. f. Arbr. Amer. 2. 203.

A. sanguineum. Spach, Ann. Sci. Nat. 2. 2. 176; Hist. Veg. 3.115. Dietr.
2. 1282.

A. Drummondii. Hook. & Arn. in Hook. Jour. Bot. 1.199. Nutt. Sylva, 2. 83,
t. 70.

A. saccharinum. Wangenh. Amer. 36, t. 11, f. 26. Lam. Dict. 2. 879. Walter,
251. Ait. Hort. Kew. 8. 4384. Ehrh. Beitr. 4. 24. Persoon, 1.417. Loisel. Nouv,
Duham. 4. 29, t.8. Willd. Spec. 4. 985; Enum. 1044. Tratt. Archiv. tae
Michx. f. Arbr. Amer. 2. 218, t.15. Pursh, 266. Bigel. Fl. Bost. 378. Elliott,
1.450. Richard. Frankl. Journ. 26; Arct. Exped. 422. DC. Prodr. 1.595. Tor-
rey, Fl. U. S. 396; Fl. N. Y. 1.185. Spreng. Syst. 2. 225. Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am.
1.113. Don, Mill. 1. 650. Beck, Bot. 63. Spach, ll. ee. 170 & 99. Darling. FI.
Cestr. 245. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1.248. Eat. & Wr. 112. Dietr. 2.1282. Walp.
Rep. 1. 410. Nees, Pl. Wied, 5. Loud. Arbor. 1. 411, t. 31 & f.122. Emerson,
Mass. Trees, 489. Gray, Genera, 2. 200, t. 174; Manual, 119. Nutt. Sylva, 2. 88.
Parry, Pl. Minn. 610. Engelm. Pl. Upp. Miss. 187. Chapman, 80.

A, saccharum. Marsh. Arbust. 4.

A. barbatum. Michx. Fl. 2. 252. Willd. Spec. 4. 989. Poir. Suppl. 2. 575.
Pursh, 266. Elliott, 1.451. DC. Prodr. 1. 595. Torrey, Fl. U. S. 396. Spreng.
Syst. 2. 224. Don, Mill. 1.649. Beck, Bot. 63. Spach, ll. ee. 178 & 118. Torr.
& Gray, Fl. 1. 249 & 684. Eat. & Wr. 112. Curtis, Bot. N. Car. 51.

Var. nigrum. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 248. Torrey, Fl. N. Y. 1. 186. Gray, Man-
ual, 119.

Acer. Zisculus.] SAPINDACEZ. UV

A. saccharinum. Michx. FI. 2. 252.

A, nigrum. Michx. f. Arbr. Amer. 2. 238,t.16. Pursh, 266. Poir. Suppl.

669. Nutt. Genera, 1. 258. Elliott, 1.450. DC. Prodr. 1.595. ‘Torrey, Fl.
397. Spreng. Syst. 2.225. Don, Mill. 1.650. Beck, Bot.638. Spach, ll.

70 & 104. Dietr. 2.1282. Eat. & Wr. 112. Gray, Am. Naturalist, 6. 767 &

Var. Floridanum. Chapman, 80.
A. spicatum. Lam. Dict. 2. 381. Ait. Hort. Kew. 8. 435, Persoon, 1. 417. DC.
Prodr. 1. 598. Guimp. Otto & Hayne, t.48. Don, Mill. 1. 648. Audubon, Birds,
t.134. Beck, Bot. 64. Spach, Il. cc. 163 & 87. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 246. Dietr.
2.1281. Eat. & Wr. 112. Torrey, Fl. N. Y. 1.185. Loud. Arbor. 1. 406, t. 26.
Emerson, Mass. Trees, 497. Richard. Arct. Exped. 422. Curtis, Bot. N. Car. 52.
Chapman, 80. Pl. Bourgeau, 255. Gray, Manual, 119.

A. Pennsylvanicum. DuRoi, Diss. 61; Harbk. 1. 22,t.1. Wangenh. Amer.
t.12, £30. Marsh. Arbust. 2.

A. parviflorum. Ehrh. Beitr. 4. 25 & 6.40. Moench, Meth. 56.

A. montanum. Ait. Hort. Kew. 8. 4385. Michx. Fl. 2. 258. Willd. Spec. 4. 988 ;
Enum. 1045. Loisel. Nouv. Duham. 4. 33. ‘Tratt. Archiv. 1, t.13. Pursh, 267.
Elliott, 1. 452. Bigel. Fl. Bost. 879. Torrey, Fl. U. S. 398. Spreng. Syst.
2.224. Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am. 1. 111.

A. barbatum; glabrum, saccharinum. A, Murrayanum ; macrophyllum.
Californicum ; Negundo Californicum. Negundo ; Negundo aceroides.
Canadense ; Pennsylvanicum. nigrum ; saccharinum.

Carolinianum & coccineum ; rubrum. parviflorum & Pennsylvanicum ; spi-
Douglas; glabrum. catum.

Drummondii ; rubrum. rubrum & saccharinum ; dasycarpum.
erlocarpum ; dasycarpum. sanguineum ; rubrum.

glaucum; rubrum. striatum ; Pennsylvanicum.
montanum ; spicatum. tripartitum ; glabrum.

48SCULUS arguta. Buckley, Proc. Acad. Philad. 1860, 443. Young, FI.
Texas, 209.
2 A. glabra. Gray, Hall’s Pl. Tex. 5.

#8, Californica. Nutt.; Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1.251. Hook. & Arn. Bot. Beechey,
827. Dietr. 2.1225. Hat. & Wr. 116. Walp. Rep. 1.424. Benth. Bot. Sulph. 9;
Pl. Hartw. 301. Nutt. Sylva, 2. 69, t.64. Durand, Pl. Pratten. 85. Rev. Hort.
4.150, f10,11. Torrey, Pac. R. Rep. 4. 74; Mex. Bound. 48; Bot. Wilkes, 260.
Newberry, Pac. R. Rep. 6. 20 & 69,f.1. Hook. Bot. Mag. t. 5077. FI. Serres,
13. 89, t.1312. Gray, Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist. 7.146. Boland. Proc. Calif.
Acad. 3.78; Cat.8. Walp. Ann. 7. 624.

Calothyrsus Californicus. Spach, Rev. Hipp. in Ann. Sci. Nat. 2. 2.62; Hist.
Veg. 3. 35.

Pavia Californica. Hartw. in Jour. Hort. Soc. Lond. 2. 123. Carritre, Rev.
Hort. 1862, 369, fig.
45. flava. Ait. Hort. Kew. 1.494. Willd. Berl. Baum. 13; Spec. 2. 286; Enum.
405. Barton, Bot. Appx. 26, t.15,f.2. Pursh, 255. Elliott, 1.436. James,
Long’s Exped. 1. 817. Guimp. Otto & Hayne, t.23. Watson, Dendr. t. 163.
Lodd. Cab. t.1280. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1.252. Dietr. 2.1225. Eat. & Wr. 116.

T2

178 SAPINDACES. [Zsculus.

Walp. Rep. 1. 424. Torrey, Pac. R. Rep. 4. 74. Curtis, Bot. N. Car. 48. Chap-
man, 80. Gray, Manual, 118. :

A. octandra. Marsh. Arbust. 4.

Pavia flava. Moench, Meth. 66. DC. Prodr. 1. 598. Don, Mill. 1. 658. Spach,
ll. ce. 55 & 25. Loud. Arbor. 1. 471, t. 54, 55.

A. lutea. Wangenh. in Act. Nat. Scrut. Berol. 8. 1383, t.6. Michx. Fl. 1. 219.
Persoon, 1. 403.

Pavia lutea. Poir. Dict. 5.94. Nouv. Duham. 3. 155, t.38. Michx. f. Arbr.
Amer: 3. 287, t. 11.

3. neglecta. Lindl. Bot. Reg. 12, t. 1009.

Pavia neglecta. Don, Mill. 1. 658. Spach, ll. ec. 55 & 24. Loud. Arbor. 1. 472.

Var. purpurascens. Gray, Manual, 118.

1). hybrida. DC. Hort. Monsp. 1813, 75. Poir. Suppl. 4. 334.

Ai, discolor. Pursh, 255. Ker, Bot. Reg. 4,t. 310. Elliott, 1.486. Spreng.
Syst. 2.167. Eat. & Wr. 116. Del. Sem. Hort. Marb. 1853 (Linn. 26. 751). Walp.
Ann. 4. 381.

Pavia discolor. Poir. Suppl. 5. 769. Don, Mill. 1. 658. Spach, Il. ec. 57 & 28.
Loud. Arbor. 1. 472.

Pavia hybrida. DC. Prodr. 1. 598. Don, Mill. 1. 653. Spach, Il. ec. 56 & 27.
Eat. & Wr. 116. Loud. Arbor. 1. 472.

LE. Pavia, var. discoior. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 252. Walp. Rep. 1. 424.

43. glabra. Willd. Enum. 405. Pursh, 255. DC. Prodr.1.597. Torrey, FI.
U.S. 884. Guimp. Otto & Hayne, t. 24. Spreng. Syst. 2. 166. Don, Mill. 1. 652.
Beck, Bot: 65. Torr. & Gray, El. 1. 251. Dietr.: 21225. Hat. & Wirsdila:
Walp. Rep. 1.424. Loud. Arbor. 1. 467, f.133. Gray, Genera, 2. 207, t. 176,
177; Manual, 118. Engelm. Pl. Upp. Miss. 187. Chapman, 79.

“E. pallida. Willd. Enum. 406. DC. Prodr. 1. 697. Guimp. Otto & Hayne,
t. 25. Spreng. Syst. 2. 166. Don, Mill. 1. 650. Lindl. Bot. Reg. 24, t. 51. Loud.
Arbor, 1. 468, £. 134.

Af. echinata. Muhl. Cat. 38.

2“). Ohioensis. Michx. f. Arbr. Amer. 3. 242. Poir. Suppl. 8. 598. DC. Prodr.
1.597. Don, Mill. 1. 652. Riddell, Syn. Fl. West. States, 34. Loud. Arbor.
1.467. Nutt. Sylva, 2. 71.

2 4. carnea. Guimp. Otto & Hayne, t. 22. Lindl. Bot. Reg. 18, t 1056.
Watson, Dendr.t.121. Don, Mill. 1. 652. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 258. Walp.
Rep. 1. 425.

2 AB. rubicunda. oisel. Herb. Amat. t. 367. DC. Rapp. Jard. Gen. 1823, 8;
Prodr. 1. 597; Rar. Fi. Gen. 88, t. 24 Spreng. Syst. 2. 166. Lodd. Cab. t. 1242.
Don, Mill. 1. 652. Dietr. 2. 1225. Loud. Arbor. 1. 467, t. 50.

Pavia glabra & pallida. Spach, Amn. Sci. Nat. 2. 2. 54; Hist: Veg. 3. 23.

2 Pavia carnea. Spach, ll. cc. 58 & 22. Don in Sweet’s Brit. Fl. Gard. 2 ser.
t. 301.

2 Pavia Watsoniana. Spach, ll. ec. 53 & 21. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 258.

¢ 42. Watsoniana. Dietr. 2. 1225. Walp. Rep. 1. 425.

Z. parviflora. Walter, 128. Barton, Bot. Appx. 26,t.15. Ait. f. Hort. Kew.
2.335. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 251. Dietr. 2.1255. Walp. Rep. 1.424. Chapman,
80. Wood, Cl.-Book, 288; Bot. & Fl. 75.

A. macrostachya. Michx. Fl. 1. 220. Persoon, 1. 403. Jacq. Ecl. Am. 1. 17,
t.9. Poir. Suppl. 4. 834. Bot. Mag. t. 2118. Elliott, 1. 436. Colla, Hort. Ripul.
t.19. Guimp. Otto & Hayne, t.26. Spreng. Syst. 2.166. Eat. & Wr. 116.’
Nutt. Sylva, 2. 71.

Zasculus. Dodonza.] SAPINDACEZ. rig

Pavia alba. Poir. Dict. 5. 95. Nouv. Duham. 3. 156.

Pavia macrostachya. Loisel. Herb. Amat. t. 212. DC. Prodr. 1. 598. Don,
Mill. 1. 652. Loud. Arbor. 1. 473, f. 137.

Macrothyrsus discolor. Spach, ll. ce. 61 & 34.

4. Pavia. Linn. Spec. 344. Marsh. Arbust. 5. Walter, 128. Ait. Hort. Kew.
1.494. Swartz, Obs. Bot. 140. Willd. Berl. Baum, t.12; Spec. 2. 286; Enum.
404. Michx. Fl. 1. 219. Barton, Bot. Appx. 26, t. 15, f. 3. Persoon, 1.403. Pursh,
254. Elliott, 1.485. Watson, Dendr. t. 120 &© 1643. Guimp. Otto & Hayne,
t. 21. Lindl. Bot. Reg. 12, t.993. Spreng. Syst. 2. 166. Audubon, Birds, t. '78.
Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 252. Dietr. 2.1225. Walp. Rep. 1.424. Curtis, Bot. N.
Car. 48. Chapman, 79. Gray, Struct. Bot. 409, f. 773-780; Manual, 118.

Pavia rubra. Lam. Ill. 2. 407, t. 273. Moench, Meth. 65. Poir. Dict. 5. 94.
Nouv. Duham, 3. 154. DC. Prodr. 1. 598. Turpin, Dict. Sci. Nat. 38. 159, t. 165,
166. Don, Mill. 1. 658. Hook. Jour. Bot. 1. 200. Eat. & Wr. 116. Loud. Arbor.
1. 469, t. 51,52 & £135.

2 4. humilis. Lodd. Cat.; Lindl. Bot. Reg. 12,t.1018. Torr. & Gray, FI.
1. 253. Walp. Rep. 1. 425.

@ Pavia humilis. Don in Loud. Hort. Brit. 143; Mill. 1. 653. Spach, Hist. Veg.
8.381. Dietr. 2. 1225.

Pavia atropurpurea, Lindleyana, Willdenoviana, lucida, intermedia, & Michauxii.
Spach, Ann. Sci. Nat. 2. 2. 56-60; Hist. Veg. 3. 27-83.

2 Pavia livida, mutabilis & versicolor. Spach, ll. ee. 55 & 26.

? 4. versicolor. Del. Sem. Hort. Marb. 1853 (Linn. 26.751). Walp. Ann. 4. 881.

“E. carnea & echinata ; glabra. AE. neglecta & octandra ; flava.
discolor; flava. Ohioensis & pallida ; glabra.
glabra; arguta. Pavia; flava.
humilis ; Pavia. rubicunda ; glabra.
hybrida & lutea ; flava. versicolor ; Pavia.
macrostachya ; parviflora. Watsoniana ; glabra.

CARDIOSPERMUM Halicacabum. Linn. Spec. 366. See syn. in Blume,
Rumphia, 3. 183 (Walp. Ann. 2. 207); Griseb. Fl. Brit. W. Ind. 122. — Michx: FI.
1. 242. Nutt. Genera, 1. 257. Elliott, 1. 460. James, Long’s Exped. 3.8; Cat.
1607), WC. Prodr. 1-601. ~ Torrey, Ann. Lye. N. Y. 2.172; Pac. R. Rep. 4.74;
Mex. Bound. 47. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 254. Eat. & Wr. 169. Gray, Genera,
2. 216, t. 181. Scheele, Rom. Texas, 433. Chapman, 79. Wood, Cl.-Book, 289;
Bot. & Fl. 75.
Var. microcarpum. Blume, I. e.

C. microcarpum. HBK. Novy. Gen. 5. 104. DC. Prodr. 1. 601. Griseb. 1. ce. 122.
C. tortuosum. Benth. Bot. Sulph. 9, t. 6. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 5. 155.
(Lower California. )
DODONZZA viscosa. Linn. Mant. 238. See syn. in DC. Prodr. 1. 616; Gray,
Bot. Wilkes’ Expl. Exped. 260; Benth. Fl. Austr. 475; Griseb. Fl. Brit. W. Ind.
127.— Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 255. Eat. & Wr. 227. Gray, Genera, 2. 218, t. 182,
Chapman, 77.

D. Burmanniana. TC. Prodr. 1. 616. Griseb. 1. ¢. 127.

D. Schiedeana. Schlecht. in Linn. 18. 49. Walp. Rep. 1. 869. Torrey, Mex.
Bound. 48.

180 SAPINDACE. [Hypelate. Serjania.

HYPELATE paniculata. Cambess. Mem. Sapind. 82. Don, Mill. 1.671. Chap-
man, 78. Griseb. Fl. Brit. W. Ind. 127, with syn.

Melicocca paniculata. Juss. Mem. Mus. 3. 187, t.5. DC. Prodr. 1.615. Nutt.
Sylva, 2. 74, t. 65.

Exothea oblongifolia. Macf. Fl. Jam. 232.

H. oblongifolia. Wook. in Lond. Jour. Bot. 8. 226, t. 7.

H. trifoliata. Swartz, Fl. Ind. Occ. 2. 655, t.14. Deless. Icon. 3, t.39. DC.
Prodr. 1. 614. Chapman, 78. Griseb. 1. ec. 127.

NEGUNDO aceroides. Moench, Meth. 334. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 250. Eat.
& Wr. 327. Torrey, Nicol. Rep. 147; Frem. Rep. 88; Pac. R. Rep. 4. 73. Gray,
Pl. Lindh, 166 ; Pl. Fendl. 29; Genera, 2. 202, t. 175; Pl. Thurb. 300; Pac. R. Rep.
12. 41; Manual, 120. Richard. Arct. Exped. 428. Parry, Pl. Minn. 610. Nutt.
Sylva, 2.91. Engelm. Pl. Upp. Miss. 188. Curtis, Bot. N. Car. 58. Chapman, 81.
Pl. Bourgeau, 255. Cooper, Am. Naturalist, 3. 306. Porter, Hayd. Rep. 1870, 474;
Fl. Col. 19. Watson, King’s Rep. 5. 52; Pl. Wheel. 7.

Acer Negundo. Linn. Spec. 1056. Wangenh. Amer. 30, t.12,f.29. Marsh.
Arbust. 2. Lam. Dict. 2. 880. Walter, 250. Ait. Hort. Kew. 3. 486. Michx.
Fl. 2. 253. Persoon, 1. 418. Willd. Spec. 4. 992. Nouv. Duham. 4. 27, t. 7. ‘Tratt.
Archiy. 1, t.40. Michx. f. Arbr. Amer. 2. 247, t.18. Pursh, 268. Elliott, 1. 452.
James, Cat. 180; Long’s Exped. 2.194. Torrey, Fl. U. S. 298; Ann. Lye. N. Y.
2.172; Emory’s Rep. 407. Spreng. Syst. 2. 225. Guimp. Otto & Hayne, t. 95.
Dietr. 2.1288. Loud. Arbor. 1. 460, t. 46,47. Buchenau, Bot. Zeit. 19. 285, t. 11,
figs. Baill. Hist. Pl. 5. 374, £. 426.

Negundium fraxinifolium. Raf. Med. Rep. 5. 854. Desv. Journ. Bot. 5. 170.

Negundo fraxinifolium. Nutt. Genera, 1. 2538. DC. Prodr. 1.596. Hook. FI.
Bor.-Am. 1. 114; Jour. Bot. 1.200. Don, Mill. 1.651. Beck, Bot. 64. Spach,
Hist. Veg. 8.119. Scheele, Rom. Texas, 433. Schnizl. Icon. t. 227, f. 2,18.

N. Californicum. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 250 & 684. Hook. & Arn. Bot. Beechey,
027, t. 77. Eat. & Wr. 327. Walp. Rep. 1.410. Benth. Pl. Hartw. 801. Scheele,
Rém. Texas, 433% Nutt. Sylva, 2. 90, t. 72. .

Acer Californicum. Dietr. 2. 12838.

Negundo aceroides. Torrey, Pac. R. Rep. 4.74; Mex. Bound. 47; Bot. Wilkes,
259. Boland. Proc. Calif. Acad. 3. 78; Cat.8. Anderson, Cat. 119.

PAULLINIA subalata. Gray, in herb.

Serjania 2? Gray, Pl. Wright. 1. 38.

SAPINDUS marginatus. Willd. Enum. 482. Muhl. Cat. 41. DC. Prodr.
1.607. Spreng. Syst. 2. 250. Don, Mill. 1.665. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 255 & 685;
Pac. R. Rep. 2.162. Eat. & Wr. 411. Leavenworth, Am. Jour. Sci. 1. 49. 180.
Engelm. & Gray, Pl. Lindh. 83. Gray, Pl. Lindh. 168; Genera, 2. 214, t. 180; Pl.
Wright. 1. 88; Hall’s Pl. Tex. 5. Engelm. in Wisliz. Rep. 12. Torrey, Emory’s
Rep. 138; Marcy’s Rep. 282; Pac. R. Rep. 4. 2.&74; Mex. Bound. 47. Nutt.
Sylva, 2. 72, t.66. Chapman, 79. Wood, Cl.-Book, 288; Bot. & FI. 75.

SS. Saponaria. Lam. Ill. 2. 441, t. 307, not Linn. Michx. Fl. 1. 242. Poir.
Dict. 6. 663, in part. Persoon, 1. 444. Pursh, 274. Nutt. Genera, 1. 257. Elliott,
1. 460. Torrey, Ann. Lyc. N. Y. 2. 172.

S. inequalis. DC. Prodr. 1. 608.

S. falcatus. Raf. Med. Bot. 2. 261..

S. Drummondii. Hook. & Arn. Bot. Beechey, 281, excl. var. Walp. Rep.
AL 7.

SERJANIA incisa. Torrey, Mex. Bound. 47.

Serjania. Rhus.| ANACARDIACEZ. 181

S. racemosa. Schum. Act. Soc. Nat. Hafn. 3. 127, t.12, f. 3. DC. Prodr. 1. 603.
Benth. Pl. Hartw. 15. Gray, Pl. Wright. 1. 388.
STAPHYLEA Bolanderi. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 10. 69.
S. trifolia. Linn. Spec. 270. Marsh. Arbust. 148. Walter, 117. Ait. Hort. Kew.
1. 875. Schmidt, Arb. t.81. Willd. Spec. 1. 1498; Enum. 329. Michx. FI.
1.184. Persoon, 1. 329. Poir. Dict. 7. 393. Pursh, 206. Nutt. Genera, 1. 204.
Rom. & Schult. Syst. 6.668. Elliott, 1. 369. Bigel. Fl. Bost. 121. Torrey, FI.
Waswo2oner ly IN Ye 11395 teLOR Nicol Rep. 147. IC) Prodr: 252) 1) Sprene.
Syst. 1. 944. Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am. 1.119. Don, Mill. 2.2. Beck, Bot. 73. Spach,
Hist. Veg. 2.396. Darling. Fl. Cestr. 209. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1.256. Dietr.
2.1002. Eat. & Wr. 442. Loud. Arbor. 1. 498, f. 161,162. Emerson, Mass.
Trees, 477. Gray, Pl. Fendl. 29; Genera, 2. 192, t.172; Pac. R. Rep. 12. 41;
Manual, 117. Richard. Arct. Exped. 428. Engelm. Pl. Upp. Miss. 187. Curtis,
Bot. N. Car. 107. Chapman, 78.

Staphylodendrum trifoliatum. Moench, Meth. 64.

UNGNADIA speciosa. Endl. Atakt. Bot. t. 36; Nov. Stirp. Dec. 9.75. Torr,
& Gray, FI. 1. 684; Pac. R. Rep. 2. 162. Walp. Rep. 5. 871. Gray, Pl. Lindh. 167;
Genera, 2. 211, t. 178,179; Pl. Wright. 1. 88 & 2.30; Pl. Thurb. 299; Hall’s Pl.
Tex. 5. Fl. Serres, 10. 217, t.1059. Torrey, Mex. Bound. 48. Schnizl. Icon.
t. 230, f. 2,8. Baill. Hist. Pl. 5. 423.

U. heterophylla. Scheele, Linn. 21. 589.

U. heptaphylla. Scheele, Linn. 22. 352; Rom. Texas, 482.
URVILLEA Mexicana. Gray, Pl. Wright. 1. 38. Walp. Ann. 4. 376. Torrey,
Mex. Bound. 48.

ANACARDIACES,

PISTACIA Mexicana. HBK. Nov. Gen. 7. 22, t. 608. DC. Prodr. 2. 64.
Gray, Pl. Wright. 2. 27. Torrey, Mex. Bound. 44.

RHUS aromatica. Ait. Hort. Kew. 1. 367. Willd. Spec. 1. 1482. Michx. FI.
1. 184. Persoon, 1. 325. Turpin, Ann. Mus. 5. 445, t. 30. Nouv. Duham. 2. 170.
Poir. Dict. 7. 511. Pursh, 205. Nutt. Genera, 1.208. Rom. & Schult. Syst.
6.652. Elliott, 1.364. Torrey, Fl. U.S. 324; Fl. N. Y. 1.181; Emory’s Rep.
407. DC. Prodr. 2.73. Spreng. Syst. 1. 938. Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am. 1.127. Don,
Mill. 2.75. Beck, Bot. 75. Spach, Hist. Veg. 2. 222. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 219
& 681. Dietr. 2.1006. Hat. & Wr. 392. Nees, Pl. Wied, 5. Loud. Arbor. 2. 557.
“Emerson, Mass. Trees, 507. Gray, Genera, 2. 160, t.160; Pac. R. Rep. 12. 41;
Manual, 112. Richard. Arct. Exped. 424. Parry, Pl. Minn. 610. Engelm. PI.
Upp. Miss. 187. Chapman, 69.

R. Canadensis. Marsh. Arbust. 129.

R. suaveolens. Ait. Hort. Kew. 1. 368. Willd. Spec. 1. 1482; Enum. 324. Per-
soon, 1. 825. Nouv. Duham. 2. 170. Poir. Dict. 7. 512. DC. Prodr. 2. 72.
Spreng. Syst. 1. 938. “Don, Mill. 2.75. Spach, Hist. Veg. 2. 222. Dietr. 2. 1006.
Loud. Arbor. 2. 557.

Betula triphylla. Thunberg, Diss. Betul. 12, t. 2; fide Swartz, Adnot. Bot. 25.

Turpinia pubescens & glabra. Raf. Med. Rep. 5. 354. Desv. Journ. Bot. 2. 170.

Var. trilobata. Gray, Am. Journ. Sci. 2. 33. 408. Watson, King’s Rep. 5. 53;
Pl. Wheel. 7. Porter, Hayd. Rep. 1871, 480; Fl. Col. 19. Brew. & Wats. Bot,
Calif. 1. 110.

182 ANACARDIACES. [Rhus.

R. trilobata. Nutt.; Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 219; Pac. R. Rep. 2.162. Wat. & Wr
392. Walp. Rep. 1. bd. Torrey, Nicol. Rep. 147; Frem. Rep. 88; Marcy’s Rep.
282; Sitgr. Rep. 157; Pac. R. Rep. 4. 73 & 7.9; Mex. Bound. 44; Bot. Wilkes,
257. Gray, Pl. Lindh. 159; Pl. Fendl. 28; Pl. Wright. 1. 31 & 2. 27; Ives’s Rep.
9; Hall’s Pl. Tex. 5. Engelm. in Wisliz. Rep. 4; Pl. Upp. Miss. 187. Durand, Fl.
Utah, 160.

R. copallina. Linn. Spec. 266. Medicus, Bot. Beob. 1782, 224. Marsh. Arbust.
128. Walter, 255. Gaertn. Fruct. 1. 205, t.44. Ait. Hort. Kew. 1. 866. Plenck,
Icon. t. 233. Lam. Ill. 2. 346, t. 207, f. 3. Jacq. Hort. Schénb. 8. 50, t. 341.
Willd. Spee. 1. 1480; Enum. 824. Michx. Fl. 1.182. Nouv. Duham. 2. 160. Per-
soon, 1.824. Poir. Dict. 7. 506. Pursh, 205. Bigel. Fl. Bost. 119. Rom. &
Schult. Syst. 6. 647. Elliott, 1. 362. James, Long’s Exped. 1.3817. Torrey, FI.
U.S. 3823; Fl. N. Y. 1.129. DC. Prodr. 2.68. Spreng. Syst. 1. 986. Don, Mill.
2.72. Beck, Bot. 75. Hook. Jour. Bot. 1.202. Spach, Hist. Veg. 2.214. Dar-
ling. Fl. Cestr. 206. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1.21/. Eat. & Wr. 392. Dietr. 2. 1008.
Loud. Arbor. 2. 554. Emerson, Mass. Trees, 503. Gray, Pl. Fendl. 28; Manual,
111; Hall’s Pl. Tex. 5. Scheele, Rom. Texas, 431. Engelm. Pl. Upp. Miss. 187.
Curtis, Bot. N. Car. 92. Chapman, 69.

Var. leucantha. DC. Prodr. 2. 68. Engelm. & Gray, Pl. Lindh. 58.
R. leucantha. Jacq. Hort. Schonb. 3. 50, t. 342. Spach, Hist. Veg. 2. 215.

Var. lanceolata. Gray, Pl. Lindh. 158. ‘Torrey, Mex. Bound. 44.

R. cotinoides. Nutt.; Chapman, 70. Wood, Cl.-Book, 285; Bot. & Fl. 73.
R. Cotinus (2). Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 216. Wood, Cl.-Book, 285.
Cotinus Americanus. Nutt. Sylva, 8. 1, t. 81.

R. diversiloba. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1.218. Eat. & Wr. 892. Walp. Rep. 1. 554
& 5. 414. Lindl. Bot. Reg. 31, t. 38. Benth. Pl. Hartw. 803. Torrey, Pac. R. Rep.
4.73; Mex. Bound. 44. Newberry, Pac: R. Rep. 6.69. Cooper, same, 12. 30.
Turcz. Bull. Soc. Mosc. 81!. 470. Gray, Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist. 7. 146; Proc.
Am. Acad. 8. 379. Boland. Proce. Calif. Acad. 8. 78; Cat. 7. Anderson, Cat. 119.

R. lobata. Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am. 1. 127, t. 46, not Poir. Hook. & Arn. Bot.
Beechey, 187. Dietr. 2.1006. Loud. Arbor. 2. 557.

R. glabra. Linn. Spec. 265. Medicus, Bot. Beob. 1782, 221. Marsh. Arbust. 128.
Walter, 255. Ait. Hort. Kew, 1. 365. Plenck, Icon. t.237. Lam. Ill. 2. 346,
t. 207, f.1. Moench, Meth. 72. Willd. Spee. 1. 1478; Enum. 323. Michx. Fl.
1.182. Persoon, 1.324. Nouv. Duham. 2. 164.. Poir. Dict. 7. 508. Pursh, 204.
Bigel. Fl. Bost.118. Rom. & Schult. Syst. 6. 645. Elliott, 1. 861. James, Long’s
Exped. 1.817. Torrey, Fl. U. 8. 322; Fl. N. Y. 1. 129; Emory’s Rep. 137 & 407:
DC. Prodr. 2.67. Spreng. Syst. 1.986. Hook. Fl. Bor -Am. 1.126; Lond. Jour.
nee 6. 76. Don, Mill. 2. 70. Beck, Bot. 75. Spach, Hist. Veg. 2.2138. Darling.

. Cestr. 206. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 217;. Pac. R. Rep. 2. 162. Eat. & Wr. 392.
ee . 1002. Loud. Arbor. 2. 551, f. 225. Emerson, Mass. Trees, 502. Gray,
Genera, 2. 160, t. 159; Manual, 111. Richard. Arct. Exped. 424. Parry, Pl. Minn.
610. Engelm. Pl. Upp. Miss. 187. Curtis, Bot. N. Car. 92. Lesqx. Fl. Ark. 353.
Chapman, 69. Pl. Bourgeau, 255. Schnizl. Icon. t. 245, f. 9-19. Cooper, Am.
Naturalist, 3.405. Porter, Hayd. Rep. 1871, 480; Fl. Col. 19. Watson, King’s
Rep. 5. 52 & 419. Coulter, Hayd. Rep. 1872, 763.

* R. Carolinense. Marsh. Arbust. 129.

R. elegans. Ait. Hort. Kew. 1. 866. Willd. Spec. 1. 1478; Enum. 823. Nouv. |
Duham, 2. 164. Persoon, 1. 324. Poir. Dict. 7. 504, Elliott, 1. 861. Spach, Hist.
Veg. 2. 218.

Rhus.] ANACARDIACEX. 183

Var. laciniata. Carriére, Rev. Hort. 1863, 7 & fig.
Var. occidentalis. ‘Torrey, Bot. Wilkes, 257. Gray, Pl. Fendl. 68.

R. integrifolia. Benth. & Hook. Genera, 1. 419. Watson, Pl. Wheel. 7.
Styphonia integrifolia. Nutt.; Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 220. Eat. & Wr. 444. Dietr.
2.1226. Benth. Bot. Sulph.11. Walp. Rep. 1. 555 & 5.414. Nutt. Sylva, 3. 4,
t.82. Torrey, Pac. R. Rep. 4.73 & 7.9, t.2; Mex. Bound. 44. Gray, Ives’s
Rep. 9.
S. serrata. Nutt.; Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1.220. Eat. & Wr. 446. Dietr. 2. 1226.
Walp. Rep. 5. 414. Nutt. Sylva, 3. 6.

R. laurina. Nutt.; Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 219. Eat. & Wr. 392. Benth. Bot. Sulph.
11. Torrey, Emory’s Rep. 187.

Lithrea laurina. - Walp. Rep. 1. 551; Ann. 2. 281. Torrey, Pac. R. Rep. 4. 78 ;
Mex. Bound. 44, t. 7.

R. Metopium. Linn. Amen. 5. 395. DC. Prodr. 2.67. Nutt. Sylva, 2. 121,
t.80. Cooper, Smithson. Rep. 1860, 440. Chapman, 69. Griseb. Fl. Brit. W.
Ind. 175 & syn. Wood, Bot. & Fl. 73.

R. microphylla. Engelm. in Gray, Pl. Wright. 1. 31. Gray, Pl. Wright. 2. 27;
Pl. Thurb. 301. Torr. & Gray, Pac. R. Rep. 2.162. Walp. Ann. 4.447. Torrey,
Mex. Bound. 44.

R. pumila. Michx. Fl. 1.182. Nouv. Duham. 2.163. Persoon, 1. 325. — Poir.
Dict. 7.502. Pursh, 204. Elliott, 1. 361. DC. Prodr. 2. 67. Spreng. Syst. 1. 987.
Don, Mill. 2.70. Spach, Hist. Veg. 2. 214. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1.217. Hat. & Wr.
392. Dietr. 2.1002. Loud. Arbor. 2. 552. Curtis, Bot. N. Car. 98. Chapman,
69. Wood, Cl.-Book. 284; Bot. & FI. 73.

R. Toxicodendron. Linn. Spec. 266. Marsh. Arbust. 181. Walter, 255. Ait.
Hort. Kew. 1. 867.’ Plenck, Icon. t. 235. Willd. Spec. 1. 1481. Nouv. Duham.
2. 167, t.48. Poir. Dict. 7.508. Elliott, 1.363. James, Long’s Exped. 2. 844.
Torrey, Fl. U. S. 323; Ann. Lyc. N. Y. 2.174; Fl. N. Y. 1. 180; Nicol. Rep. 147 ;
Frem. Rep. 88 ; Emory’s Rep. 137 ; Marcy’s Rep. 282; Mex. Bound. 44; Bot. Wilkes,
257. DC. Prodr. 2.69. Spreng. Syst. 1. 988. Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am. 1. 127; Wood-
ville, Med. Bot. 5. 67 & t.; Jour. Bot. 1. 202; Lond. Jour. Bot. 6.76. Don, Mill.
2.72. Beck, Bot. 75. Spach, Hist. Veg. 2.218. Lindl. Fl. Med. 285. Torr. &
Gray, Fl. 1.218. Eat. & Wr. 392. Dietr. 2.1008. Nees, Pl. Wied, 5. Loud.
Arbor. 2. 556, f. 231. Emerson, Mass. Trees, 506. Gray, Pl. Lindh. 159; Pl.
Fendl. 28; Pac. R. Rep. 12. 41; Manual, 111; Hall’s Pl. Tex. 5. Engelm. Wisliz.
Rep. 4; Pl. Upp. Miss. 187. Richard. Arct. Exped. 424. Parry, Pl. Minn. 610.
Curtis, Bot. N. Car. 93 & 118. Chapman, 69. Pl. Bourgeau, 255. Porter, Hayd.
-Rep. 1871, 480; Fl. Col. 19. Watson, King’s Rep. 5. 38. Coulter, Hayd. Rep. 1872,
763; Bailey, Am. Naturalist, 7. 4, f. 1.
Toxicodendron pubescens, Mill. Moench, Meth. 73.
R. Toxicodendron, var. quercifolium. Michx. Fl. 1.183. Pursh, 205. Rém. &
Schult. Syst. 6.652. Eat. & Wr. 892.
RR. radicans, var. Toxicodendron. Persoon, 1.325.
R. verrucosa. Scheele, Linn. 21. 592. Walp. Ann. 2. 282.

Var. radicans. Torrey, Fl. U. S. 324; Fl. N. Y.1.180. Torr. & Gray, FI.
1.218. Eat. & Wr. 392. Scheele, Rom. Texas, 432.

R. radicans. Linn. Spec. 266. Medicus, Bot. Beobacht. 1782, 225. Marsh.
Arbust. 131. Walter, 255. Ait. Hort. Kew. 1. 367. Plenck, Icon. t. 236. Willd.
Spec. 1. 1481; Enum. 324. Persoon, 1. 325. Poir. Dict. 7.509. Bigel. Fl. Bost.
120; Med. Bot. 3. 19, t.42. Nutt. Genera, 1. 203. Elliott, 1. 368. DC. Prodr.
2.69. Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am. 1. 127. Don, Mill. 2.72. Beck, Bot. 75. Spach, Hist.

~~

184 ANACARDIACEZ. [Rhus. Schinus.

Veg. 2.217. Hook. & Arn. Bot. Beechey, 187? Loud. Arbor. 2. 555, £. 230.
Torrey, Emory’s Rep. 407.

Toxicodendron vulgare, Mill. Moench, Meth. 73.

Rhus Toxicodendron, var. a. vulgare. Michx. Fl. 1.188. Pursh, 205. Sims,
Bot. Mag. t. 1806. Rom. & Schult. Syst. 6. 651.

Var. microcarpon. Michx. Fl. 1.183. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 218.
Var. pubens. Engelm.; Gray, Pl. Lindh. 159.

R. typhina. Linn. Amen. 4.311. Medicus, Bot. Beobacht. 1782, 228. Marsh.
Arbust. 129. Walter, 255. Ait. Hort. Kew. 1. 365. Ehrh. Beitr. 6.89. Moench,
Meth. 72. Willd. Spec. 1. 1478; Enum. 828. Michx. Fl. 1.182. Nouv. Duham.
2. 164, t. 47. Persoon, 1. 824. Poir. Dict. 7. 503. Pursh, 204. Bigel. Fl. Bost.
118. Rom. & Schult. Syst. 6.648. Elliott, 1.3860. Torrey, Fl. U. S. 322; Fl.
N. Y. 1.128. DC. Prodr. 2.67. Spreng. Syst. 1. 986. Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am. 1. 126.
Don, Mill. 2.70. Beck, Bot. 76. Spach, Hist. Veg. 2.212. Darling. Fl. Cestr.
205. Bennet, Pl. Jav. Rar. 80. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 217 & 680. Eat. & Wr. 392.
Dietr. 2. 1002. Loud. Arbor. 2. 550, f. 224. Emerson, Mass. Trees, 501. Rich-
ard. Arct. Exped. 424. Curtis, Bot. N. Car. 98. Chapman, 69. lLesqx. Fl. Ark.
353- Gray, Manual, 111.

Datisca hirta. Linn. Spec. 1087. Don, Mill. 1. 290.

R. hypselodendron. Moench, Meth. 73.

R. Canadense, Mill. Nouv. Duham. 2. 168.

R. viridiflora. Nouv. Duham. 2. 163. Poir. Dict. 7.504. DC. Prodr. 2. 67.

Don, Mill. 2.70. Dietr. 2.1002. Loud. Arbor. 2. 551.
R. venenata. DC. Prodr. 2.68. Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am. 1. 126. Don, Mill. 2. 71.
Beck, Bot. 76. Spach, Hist. Veg. 2. 215. Darling. Fl. Cestr. 207. Lindl. Fl. Med.
284. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1.218 & 681. Eat. & Wr. 392. Dietr. 2.1008. Torrey,
Fl. N. Y. 1.180. Loud. Arbor. 2. 552, f. 226. Emerson, Mass. Trees, 504. Rich-
ard. Arct. Exped. 424. Curtis, Bot. N. Car. 98. Chapman, 69. Gray, Manual,
111. Bailey, Am. Naturalist, 7. 5, f. 3.

R. Vernix. Linn. Spec. 265, in part. Medicus, Bot. Beobacht. 1782, 228. Marsh.
Arbust. 180. Ait. Hort. Kew. 1. 366. Plenck, Icon. t. 234. Lam. IIl. 2. 346,
t. 207, f. 2. Willd. Spec. 1. 1479; Enum. 323. Michx. Fl. 1. 188. Nouv. Duham.
2.165. Persoon, 1. 824. Poir. Dict. 7. 505. Pursh, 205. Bigel. Fl. Bost. 110;
Med. Bot. 1. 96, t. 10. Rom. & Schult. Syst. 6. 646. Elliott, 1. 862. Torrey, FI.
U.S. 823. Spreng. Syst. 1. 986. Hook. Jour. Bot. 1. 202.

R. virens. Lindh.; Gray, Pl. Lindh. 159; Pl. Wright. 1. 31 & 2.27; Hall’s Pl.
Tex. 5. Walp. Ann. 2. 282. Torrey, Mex. Bound. 44. Young, Fl. Texas, 198.
2 R. Schiedeana. Schlecht. in Linn. 16, 480.

R. Canadensis ; aromatica, typhina. R. radicans ; Toxicodendron.
Carolinense ; glabra. Schiedeana ; virens.
Cotinus ; cotinoides. suaveolens & trilobata ; aromatica.
elegans ; glabra. Vernix ; venenata.
hypselodendron ; typhina. verrucosa ; Toxicodendron.
leucantha ; copallina. viridiflora ; typhina.

lobata; diversiloba.

SCHINUS (?) discolor. Benth. Bot. Sulph. 11,t.9. Walp. Rep. 5. 413. (Lower
California.)

S. Motte. Linn. Spec. 388. DC. Prodr. 2.74. Hook. Bot. Mag. t. 3339, with
syn. Torrey, Mex. Bound. 44.

Or

Acacia.| LEGUMINOS&. 18

LEGUMINOS EL.

ACACIA amentacea. DC. Prodr. 2. 455; Fl. Mex. Icon. ined. t. 208. Gray, PI.
Lindh. 185. Benth. Rev. Mim. in Trans. Linn. Soc. 30. 514.
A, rigidula. Benth. in Lond. Journ. Bot. 1. 504. Walp. Rep. 1.915. —_Dietr.
4.497. Gray, Pl. Wright. 1. 65. Torrey, Mex. Bound. 61.
Hoopesia arborea. Buckley, in part. See under A. flexicaulis.
A. Berlandieri. Benth. in Lond. Journ. Bot. 1. 522; Rev. Mim. 529. Walp. Rep.
1.919. Dietr. 4. 500.
A. tephroloba. Gray, Pl. Wright. 1. 65 & 2.54. Walp. Ann. 4. 625. ‘Torrey,
Mex. Bound. 61.
A. constricta. Benth. in Gray, Pl. Wright. 1.66; Rev. Mim. 515. Gray, PI.
Wright. 1. 66 & 2.54. Walp. Ann. 4, 626. Torrey, Pac. R. Rep. 7. 10; Mex.
Bound. 62.
A. crassifolia. Gray, Pl. Thurb. 317. Walp. Ann. 4. 626. Torrey, Mex. Bound.
62. Benth. in Hook. f. Icon. t. 1166; Rev. Mim. 525. (Chihuahua.)

A. Emoryana. Benth. Rev. Mim. 522.

A. Coulteri. Benth. in Gray, Pl. Wright. 1..66, in part. Walp. Ann. 4. 626.
Gray, Pl. Wright. 2. 53. Torrey, Mex. Bound. 62.
A. Farnesiana. Willd. Spec. 4.1083. See syn. in Benth. Lond. Journ. Bot.
1. 494, & Rev. Mim. 502.— DC. Prodr. 2.461. Hook. Comp. Bot. Mag. 1. 24.
Fat. & Wr. 111. Engelm. & Gray, Pl. Lindh. 8 & 31. Seem. Bot. Herald, 282.
Gray, Pl. Wright. 1.67; Proc. Am. Acad. 5. 158; Hall’s Pl. Texas, 8. Griseb. FI.
Brit. W. Ind. 222. Torrey, Mex. Bound. 62. Wood, Bot. & Fl.99. Brew. &
Wats. Bot. Calif. 1. 164.

Vachellia Farnesiana, Wight & Arn. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 405 & 695.

A. Cavenia. Benth. in Gray, Pl. Wright. 1.67; not of Hook. & Arn. in Bot.
Beechey, 21.

A. filicina. Willd. Spec. 4.1072. See syn. in Benth. Rev. Mim. 532.— DC.
Prodr. 2. 468. Benth. Pl. Hartw. 18; Lond. Journ. Bot. 1.524. Walp. Rep.
1. 920:

Mimosa filicioides. Cav. Icon. 1. 55, t. 78.

A. umbellifera. WKuanth, Mim. 100, t. 31.

uA ,n.sp. Nutt.; Torrey, Ann. Lyc. N. Y. 2. 191.

A, glabrata, elegans, hirsuta & stipellata. Schlecht. in Linnea, 12. 569-574. Walp.
Rep. 1. 924.

A. cuspidata. Schlecht. in Linnea, 12.573. Walp. Rep. 1. 920. Benth. in
Lond. Journ. Bot. 1. 525. Gray, PL Wright. 1.66 & 2.54, Torrey, Pac. R. Rep.
7.10; Mex. Bound. 62. Watson, Pl. Wheeler, 8.

A. hirta. Nutt.; Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 404; Pac. R. Rep. 2. 164. Walp. Rep.
1. 920. Benth. in Lond. Journ. Bot. 1. 525. Engelm & Gray, Pl. Lindh. 8 & 31.
Dietr. 4.501. Gray, Pl. Wright. 1. 66; Hall’s Pl. Texas, 8.

A. Texensis. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 404; Pac. R. Rep. 2. 164. Walp. Rep. 1. 920.
Benth. in Lond. Journ. Bot. 526. Dietr. 4. 501.

A. flexicaulis. Benth. in Lond. Journ. Bot. 1. 505; Rev. Mim. 514. Walp. Rep.
1.913. Dietr. 4. 497. Gray, Pl. Wright. 1.65; Proc. Am. Acad. 5.158. Torrey,
Mex. Bound. 62.

Floopesia arborea. Buckley, Proc. Acad. Philad. 1861, 455, & 1870, 157, in part ;

fide Gray, same, 1862, 163. Walp. Ann. 7. 812. Young, FI. Texas, 245.

186 LEGUMINOS&. [Acacia. Albizzia,

A. Greggii. Gray, Pl. Wright. 1.65; Ives’s Rep. 11. Torrey, Sitgr. Rep. 158;
Pac. R. Rep. 7. 10; Mex. Bound. 61. Walp. Ann. 4. 625. Benth. Rev. Mim. 521.
Brew. & Wats. Bot. Calif. 1. 164. ;
A, Durandiana. Buckl. Proc. Acad. Phil. 1861, 453; fide Gray, same, 1862, 163.
A. malacophylla. JBenth. in Gray, Pl. Wright. 1. 64; Rev. Mim. 526. Walp.
Ann. 4. 625.
A. Roemeriana. Schlecht. in Linnea, 21. 456. Gray, Pl. Lindh. 184; Pl. Wright.
1.65 & 2.54. Walp. Ann. 2. 456. Torr. Mex. Bound. 61. Benth. Rev. Mim- 526.

A. Schottii. Torrey, Mex. Bound. 62. Walp. Ann. 7. 837. Benth. 1. ec. 513.

A.tortuosa. Willd. Spec. 4.1083. DC. Prodr. 2. 461. Benth. in Lond. Journ.
Bot. 1. 392; Rev. Mim. 501, with syn. Griseb. Fl. Brit. W. Ind. 222. Gray, in
Torrey, Mex. Bound. 62.

A. albida. Lindl. Bot. Reg. t. 1317.
A. Wrightii. Benth. in Gray, Pl. Wright. 1.64; Rev. Mim. 521. Gray, Pl.
Wright. 2. 55. Walp. Ann. 4. 62 6. Torrey, Mex. Bound. 61. Brew. & Wats. Bot.
Calif. 1. 164.

‘

A, albida ; tortuosa. A. Julibrissin; Albizzia Julibrissin.
brachyloba ; Desmanthus brachylobus. latisiliqua ; Lysiloma latisiliqua.
Cavenia ; Farnesiana. lutea ; Neptunia lutea.

Cooleyi ; Desmanthus Jamesii. Nueciana; Pithecolobium brevifo-
Coulter’; Emoryana. lium.
. cuspidata ; filicina. rigidula ; amentacea.

Durandiana ; Gregeii. Sabeana ; Leucena retusa.

elegans & glabrata ; filicina. - stipellata ; filicina.

glandulosa; Desmanthus brachylobus. tephroloba ; Berlandieri.

hirsuta & hirta ; filicina. Texensis & umbellifera; filicina.

humilis ; Calliandra humilis. 2; filicina.
4ESCHYNOMENE hispida. Willd. Spee. 3.1163. Persoon, 2. a Ait. £
Hort. Kew, 4. 337. Pursh, 485. Poir. Suppl. 4. 75. Nutt. Genera, 2.111. Bar-
ton, Fl. N. Am. 1. 102, t. 29. Elliott, 2.220: DC. Prodr. 2. 321. . Spreng. Syst.
3. 822. Torrey, Compend. 270. Don, Mill. 2. 284. Beck, Bot. 83. Torr. & Gray,
Fl. 1. 856. Eat. & Wr.115. Dietr. 4.1136. Benth. in Mart. Fl. Bras. 151. 59,
Lesqx. Fl. Ark. 356. Chapman, 99. Gray, Manual, 134.

Hedysarum Virginicum. Linn. Spec. 750. Hill, Veg. Syst. 21, t. 42, £3 & t. 43,
f.4. Willd. Spec. 38.1212. Poir. Dict. 6. 449. Persoon, 2. 324. Spreng. Syst.

t E. glaberrima. Poir. Suppl. 4. 76. DC. Prodr. 2. 320. Spreng. Syst. 3. 322.
Don, Mill. 2.284. Eat. & Wr. 115. Dietr. 4. 1135.

ES. ciliata. Vogel, Linnea, 12. 84.
48. viscidula. Michx. Fl. 2.74. Persoon, 2. 316. Pursh, 485. Nutt. Genera,
2.111. Elliott, 2. 220. DC. Prodr. 2. 322. Spreng. Syst. 3. 322. Don, Mill. 2. 285.
Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1.356. Eat. & Wr.115. Dietr. 4. 1136. Benth. in Mart. FI.
Bras. 15!. 68. Chapman, 99. Wood, Bot. & Fl. 87.

/E. prostrata. Poir. Suppl. 4. 76.
ALBIZZIA Juviprissin, Durazz. Miiller, Trim. Journ. Bot. 1872, 7. Benth.
Rev. Mim. in Trans. Linn. Soc. 30. 568. Wood, Bot. & Fl. 82. Gray, Hall’s Pl.
Texas, 9.

Acacia Julibrissin, Willd. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 404.

Amorpha|] LEGUMINOS&. 187

AMORPHA pe Ante Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 506. Hook. & Arn. Bot.
Beechey, 533. Eat. & Wr. 125. Walp. Rep. 1. 655. Dietr. 4. 1020. Schlecht. in
. Linnea, 24. 688. Brew. & ¥ ats. Bot. Calif. 1. 140.
A. fruticosa. ‘Torrey, Mex. Bound. 53
A. canescens. Nutt. in Fras. Cat. 1815; Genera, 2.92. Pursh, 467. Bradbury,
Cat. 337. James, Long’s Exped. 2. 336. DC. Prodr. 2. 256. Spreng. Syst. 3. 326.
Torrey, Ann. Lyc. N. Y. 2.178; Neo: Rep. 148; Frem. Rep. 88; Emory’s Rep.
408; Marcy’s Rep. 284; Pac. R. Rep. 4.78. Hook. Fl. Bor-Am. 1.189. Don,
Mill. 2. 234. Spach, Hist. Veg. 1.256. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1.3806; Pac. R. Rep.
2.126. Eat. & Wr. 122. Loud. Arbor. 2. 608. Dietr. 4. 1020. Gray, Pl. Fendl.
31; Pac. R. Rep. 12. 42; Manual, 130. Parry, Pl. Minn. 611. Richard. Arct.
Exped. 424. Engelm. Pl. Upp. Miss. 188. Chapman, 94. Pl. Bourgeau, 255.
Porter, Fl. Col. 23.
Var. leptostachya. Engelm.; Gray, Pl. Fendl. 31.
Var. glabrata. Gray, Pl. Wright. 1. 49.
A. fruticosa. Linn. Spec. 713. Medicus, Bot. Beobacht. 1782, 168. Lam. Dict.
1.137; Ill. 3.179, t. 621. Marshall, Arbust. 6. Walter, 179. Gaertn. Fruct.
t.144. - Ait. Hort. Kew. 3.17. Schkuhr, Handb. 2. 332, t.197. Moench, Meth.
513. Willd. Arb. 16; Spec. 38.970; Enum. 747. Michx. Fl. 2. 64. Nouv. Duham.
3. 150, t. 36. Persoon, 2. 294. Poir. Suppl. 1. 350. Pursh, 466. Bradbury, Cat.
337- Nutt. Genera, 2.91. Ker, Bot. Reg. 5, t.427. James, Long’s Exped. 1. 314
& 2.101. Elliott, 2. "188. DC. Prodr. 2. 256. Spreng. Syst. 8. 3826. Torrey, Ann.
Lye. N. Y. 2. 178; Nicol. Rep. 148; Frem. Rep. 88; Sitgr. Rep. 158 ; Emory’s Rep.
138; Pac. R. Rep. 7.9. Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am. 1. 189; Comp. Bot. Mag. 1. 22. Don,
Mill. 2. 234. Beck, Bot. 82. Spach, Hist. Veg. 1.254. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 350 &
690. Eat. & Wr. 122. Loud. Arbor. 2. 607, excl. fig. Dietr. 4.1019. Richard.
Arct. Exped. 424. Parry, Pl. Minn. 611. Engelm. Pl. Upp. Miss. 188. Gray, Pac.
R. Rep. 12. 42; Manual, 180. Curtis, Bot. N. Car. 104. Chapman, 98. Pl. Bour-
geau, 255. Baillon, Hist. Pl. 2. 214, f 166,167. Porter, Fl. Col. 23. The distri-
bution of the synonymy under this species is to some extent uncertain.
A, perforata & nonperforata. Sehkuhr, Handb. 2. 333.
A. elatu & fruticosa. Hayne, Dendr. FI. 154 (Schlecht. in Linnea, 24. 687 & 688).
4A. humilis. Tausch, Diar. Ratisb. 222. 750 (Schlecht. 1. c. 689).
A. pubescens. Schlecht. 1. c. 691, not Willd.
Var. emarginata. Pursh, 466. Torrey, Compend. 262. Loud. Arbor. 2. 607.

Var. (7) angustifolia. Pursh, 466. Loud. Arbor. 2. 607.

A. nana. Nutt. Fras. Cat. 1813, not Genera. Sims, Bot. Mag. t. 2112. Spreng.
Syst. 3. 326.

t A. croceolanata. Watson, Dendr. Brit. t.139. Don, Mill. 2.284. Spach,
Hist. Veg. 1. 254. Loud. Arbor. 2. 608, f£. 304. Dietr. 4. 1020.

A. fragrans. Sweet, Be Fl. Gard. t. 241. Don, Mill. 2. 234. Spach, Hist.
Veg. 1. 255. Loud. Arbor. 2. 608, f. 303. Schlecht. in Linnea, 24. 692. _ Walp.
Ann. 4. 485.

A. Lewisit & 2 cerulea. Todd. Cat. 1830.

A. fruticosa, vars. Lewisti & cerulea. Loud. Arbor. 2. 607

A. fruticosa, var, “Corr & Gray, Hd 6905) Paco R= Rep: 2. 162. ] Gray. Pi:
Fendl. 31; Pl. Lindh. 174; Pl. Wright. 1. 49; Hall, Pl. Texas, 7.

A. glabra. Engelm. & Gray, Pl. Lindh. 7.

A, pumila & herbacea. Schlecht. in Ind. Sem. Hal. 1848, 8 (Linnea, 24. 185;
Ann. Sci. Nat. 3. 11. 248).

188 LEGUMINOS &. |Amorpha. Amphicarpza.

Var. (?) Caroliniana.

A. glabra. Desy. Cat. h. Par. 192. Persoon, 2. 295. Poir. Suppl. 1. 330. DC.
Prodr. 2. 256. Don, Mill. 2.234. Spach, Hist. Veg. 1.255. Torr. & Gray, FI,
1.690. Eat. & Wr. 122. Loud. Arbor. 2. 607.

A. Carolintana. Croom, Am. Journ. Sci. 1. 25.74; Cat. Pl. Newbern, 43))) Lore
& Gray, Fl. 1. 305. Eat. & Wr. 122. Walp. Rep. 1. 655. Dietr. 4. 1019.

A. cynostachya. Curtis, Journ. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist. 1. 140.

A. Tennessensis. Shuttlw.; Ind. Sem. Lips. 1848, 1 (Linnea, 24.191). Walp.
Ann. 2. 560.

A. herbacea. Walter, 179. Nutt. Genera, 2.91. DC. Prodr. 2. 256. Spreng.
Syst. 3. 326. Don, Mill. 2. 254. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 306. Dietr. 4. 1019. Gray,
Pl. Wright. 1.49. Curtis, Bot. N. Car. 104. Chapman, 94. Wood, Bot. & Fl. 93.

A. pubescens. Willd. Arb. 17; Spec. 3. 970; Enum. 747. Nouv. Duham. 3. 150.
Persoon, 2. 294. Ait. f. Hort. Kew. 4. 265. Pursh, 467. Lodd. Bot. Cab. t. 689.
Hayne, Dendr. Fl. 134 (Schlecht. in Linnea, 24. 687). Elliott, 2. 189. Spach, Hist.
Veg. 1.255. Hat. & Wr. 122. ;

A. pumila. Michx. Fl. 2. 64. Poir. Suppl. 1. 330.

A. levigata. Nutt.; Torr. & Gray, Fl.1.306. Eat. & Wr. 123. Walp. Rep.
1. 655. Dietr. 4. 1020. Gray, Hall’s Pl. Texas, 7.

A. fruticosa, var. (+t). Gray, Pl. Lindh. 174.

A. Texana. Buckley, Proc. Acad. Phil. 1861, 452; fide Gray, same, 1862, 162.
A. microphylla. Pursh, 466. Poir. Suppl. 5. 548. Bradbury, Cat. 337.

A. nana. Nutt. Genera, 2. 91, not Fras. Cat. DC. Prodr. 2. 256. Hook. FI.

Bor.-Am. 1. 139. Don, Mill. 2. 234. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 306 & 690. Eat. & Wr.
122. Nees, Pl. Wied, 7. Torrey, Nicol. Rep. 148. Loud. Arbor: 2. 607, £. 302.
Dietr. 4.1019. Parry, Pl. Minn. 611. Engelm. Pl. Upp. Miss. 188. Cooper, Pac.
R. Rep. 12. 42. Pl. Bourgeau, 255.
A. paniculata. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1.306. Eat. & Wr. 125. Walp. Rep. 1. 655.
Engelm. & Gray, Pl. Lindh. 7. Dietr. 4. 1020. Gray, Pl. Wright. 1. 49; Hall’s Pl.
Texas, 7. Young, Fl. Texas, 223.

A. Remeriana. Scheele, Linnea, 21. 461. Walp. Ann. 2. 360.

A, levigata, var. pubescens. Gray, Pl. Wright. 1. 49. Torrey, Mex. Bound. 63.

A. cerulea, Caroliniana, croceo-lanata & | A. nana; fruticosa, microphylla.

cynostachya ; fruticosa. nonperforata & perforata ; fruticosa.
elata & fragrans ; fruticosa. pubescens & pumila; fruticosa, her-
Jruticosa ; Californica, laevigata. bacea.
glabra, herbacea & humilis ; fruticosa. Remeriana ; paniculata.
levigata ; paniculata. Tennessensis ; fruticosa.
Lewisit ; fruticosa. Texensis ; laevigata.

AMPHICARPAA monoica. Elliott, Journ. Acad. Philad. 1. 373; Sketch,
2.232. Nutt. Genera, 2.118. DC. Mem. Legum. 360; Prodr. 2. 383. ‘Torrey,
Compend. 270; Fl. N. Y. 1. 164; Frem. Rep. 88; Pac. R. Rep. 4.77. Ftook. Fl.
Bor.-Am. 1. 161; Comp. Bot. Mag. 1. 23. Don, Mill. 2. 343. Beck, Bot. 91.
Darling. Fl. Cestr. 427. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1, 292. Dietr. 4. 1165. Gray, Pl. Fendl.
31; Pac. R. Rep. 12. 41; Manual, 142. Parry, Pl. Minn. 611. Engelm. Pl. Upp.
Miss. 188. Chapman, 107. Walp. Ann. 7. 780.

Amphicarpea. Astragalus.| LEGUMINOS. 189

Glycine comosa. Linn. Spec. 754. Hill, Veg. Syst. 21,t.6,f1. Lam. Dict.
2. 736. Willd. Spee. 3. 1058. Persoon, 2. 300. Pursh, 486.

Glycine bracteata. Linn. Spec. 754. Pursh, 485.

Glycine monoica. Linn. Spec. 2 ed. 1025. Hill, Veg. Syst. 21, t.5, £2. Lam.
Dict. 2. 736. Ait. Hort. Kew. 3.34. Schkuhr in Usteri’s Annal. 12. 20, t. 2.
Wendl. in Roem. Arch. 1. 3, t. 103, f.2. Willd. Spec. 3. 1055. Michx. Fl. 2. 64.
Persoon, 2. 299. Pursh, 485. Bigel. Fl. Bost. 173.

Anonymos Caroliniensis. Walter, 188.

Falcata Caroliniana. Gmelin, Syst. 2. 1151.

Glycine sarmentosa. Roth, Catalect. 2. 87. Willd. Spec. 3. 1055. Persoon, 2. 299.
Poir. Suppl. 2. 797. Ait. f. Hort. Kew. 4. 296. Pursh, 485.

Glycine heterocarpa. Hegetschw. Comm. 5, t. 5.

@ Glycine filosa. Hornem. Cat. Hort. Hafn. 2. 682.

Glycine elliptica. Smith, Abbot’s Hist. Nat. Georg. t. 21 (Roem. Archiv. 2. 402).

Amphicarpea sarmentosa. Nutt. Genera, 2.114. Elliott, 2.285. DC. Prodr.
2. 383. Don, Mill. 2. 343.

Cryptolobus Americanus & sarmentosus. Spreng. Syst. 3. 218.

Amphicarpa comosa. Riddell, Syn. Fl. W. States, 26.

Phaseolus monoicus. Eat. & Wr. 355.

A. Pitcheri. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1.292. Walp. Rep. 1. 750. Dietr. 4. 1165. Wood,
Bot. & Fl. 97.

Phaseolus Pitcheri. Fiat. & Wr. 355.

APIOS tuberosa. Moench, Meth. 165. Pursh, 475. Nutt. Genera, 2. 115.
James, Long’s Exped. 1.135. Elliott, 2. 232. DC. Prodr. 2.590. Spreng. Syst.
8. 310. Torrey, Compend. 270; Fl. N. Y. 1. 162; Frem. Rep. 88. Hook. Fl. Bor.-
Am. 1. 161; Comp. Bot. Mag. 1.24. Don, Mill. 2.349. Beck, Bot. 91. Spach,
Hist. Veg. 1. 822.. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 282. Gray, Pl. Lindh. 170; Pl. Fendl. 30;
Manual, 140. Dietr. 4.1203. Lindl. in Journ. Hort. Soc. Lond. 2. 144, fig. (Fl.
Serres, 5. 425, fig.). Parry, Pl. Minn. 610. Engelm. Pl. Upp. Miss. 188. Lesqx.
Fl. Ark. 357. Chapman, 105. Lemaire, Ill. Hort. 15, Misc. 42.

Glycine Apios. Linn. Spec. 753. Hill, Veg. Syst. 21, t. 7,f.1. Lam. Dict.
2.738. Walter, 186. Ait. Hort. Kew. 3.35. Willd. Spee. 5. 1067; Enum. 757.
Michx. Fl. 2.63. Persoon, 2.301. Schkuhr, Handb. t.198. Sims, Bot. Mag.
t.1198. Bigel. Fl. Bost. 175. Elliott, Journ. Acad. Philad. 1.3825. Darling. FI.
Cestr. 428.

Phaseolus tuberosus. Eat. & Wr. 354.

ASTRAGALUS aboriginum. Richard. in Frankl. Journ. Appx. 18. Spreng.
Syst. 42.288. Don, Mill. 2. 258. Dietr. 4.1081. Gray, Proc.-Am. Acad. 6. 205.
Watson, King’s Rep. 5. 70 & 438. Porter, Fl. Col. 25. Rothr. Pl. Wheeler, 36.

Phaca aborignum. Wook. Fl. Bor.-Am. 1. 148, t. 56. Don, Mill. 2.470. Torr.

& Gray, Fl. 1. 346 & 694. Eat. & Wr. 349. Walp. Rep. 1. 686. Dietr. 4. 1065.
Seem. Bot. Herald, 51. Hook. f. Journ. Linn. Soc. 1. 121 & 124; Arct. Pl. 289.
Pl. Bourgeau, 255.
A.adsurgens. Pall. Astrag. 40, t. 31. See syn. in Ledeb. Fl. 1. 603; Bunge,
Astrag. 2. 184. — DC. Prodr. 2. 287. Reichenb. Hort. Bot. t. 217. Hook. Fl. Bor.-
Am. 1.149. Don, Mill. 2.258... Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 330; Pac. R. Rep. 2. 126.
Eat. & Wr. 138. Torrey, Bot. Wilkes, 276. Engelm. Pl. Upp. Miss. 189. Gray,
Pac. R. Rep. 12. 42; Proc. Am. Acad. 6.197. Watson, King’s Rep. 5. 68 & 439.
Porter, Hayd. Rep. 1870, 475; Fl. Col. 23. Rothr. Pl. Wheeler, 36.

A. Laxmanni. Nutt. Genera, 2.99; not Jacq., fide Bunge, l. c. 2. 84. James,
Cat. 186; Long’s Exped. 2. 333. Torrey, Ann. Lyc. N. Y. 2. 178. Don, Mill. 2. 258,
in part. Eat. & Wr. 138.

190 LEGUMINOS&. [Astragalus.

A. striatus. Nutt.; Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 350. Walp. Rep. 1.699. Dietr. 4. 1080.
Engelm. Pl. Upp. Miss. 189. Gray, Proe. Acad. Philad. 1863, 60.
A. hypoglottis, var. robustus. Hook. in Lond. Journ. Bot. 6, 210.

A.alpinus. Linn. Spec. 760. See syn. in Ledeb. Fl. Ross. 1. 601; Bunge, Astrag.
2.26; DC. Astrag. 64, & Trautv. Pl. Middend. 1. 49, under Phaca. — Pursh, 472.
R. Br. in Parry’s Ist Voy. 278. Meyer, Pl. Lab. 82. Hat. & Wr. 138. Hook. f.
in Journ. Linn. Soe. 1. 121 & 124, & 5. 83; Arct. Pl. 289. Dickie, Journ. Linn. Soe.
3. 110. Gray, Am. Journ. Sci. 2. 33. 410; Proc. Acad. Philad. 1863, 60; Proc. Am.
Acad. 6.205. Rothr. Fl. Alask. 445; Pl. Wheeler, 36. Matthew, Pl. Acad. TiGe
Watson, King’s Rep. 5. 438. Porter, Hayd. Rep. 1871, 481; Fl. Col. 26. Coulter, .
Hayd. Rep. 1872, 764. Torrey, Bot. Wilkes, 276.

A. secundus. Michx. Fl. 1.66, not DC. Pursh, 473. Spreng. Syst. 3. 303.
Eat. & Wr. 147.

Phaca astragalina. DC. Astrag. 64; Prodr. 2.274. Lodd. Bot. Cab. t. 429.
Richard. in Frankl. Journ. 17. Spreng. Syst. 8. 292. Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am. 1. 144..
Sehlecht. Fl. Lab. in Linnea, 10.99. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 345. Hook. & Arn. Bot.
Beechey, 122. Eat. & Wr. 351. Torrey, Frem. Rep. 89. Seem. Bot. Herald, 28 &
51. Pl. Bourgeau, 255. :

Colutea astragalina. Poir. Suppl. 1. 561.

A. Labradoricus. DC. Prodr. 2.287. Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am. 1.150. Don, Mill.
2. 238. Meyer, Pl. Lab. 83. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 330. Dietr. 4. 1080.

A. pauciflorus. Hook. in Lond. Journ. Bot. 6. 210.

A. Robbinsii. Matthew, Pl. Acad. 15, not Gray.

A. ampullarius. Watson, Am. Naturalist, 7.300. Gray, Bot. Calif. 1. 149.
A. Andersonii. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 6. 524; Bot. Calif. 1.151. Anderson,
Cat. Pl. Nev. 120. Watson, King’s Rep. 5. 67 & 487.
A. aridus. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 6. 223; Bot. Calif. 1.147. Watson, King’s
Rep. 5. 445.
A. Antiselli. Gray, Bot. Calif. 1. 152.
Homalobus multiflorus. Torrey, Pac. R. Rep. 7. 10.
A. Arizonicus. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 7. 398. Watson, King’s Rep. 5. 437.

A. Sonore. Torrey, Mex. Bound. 56, not Gray. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 6. 254,
A. arrectus. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 8: 289; Bot. Calif. 1.153. Watson, King’s .
Rep. 5. 69 & 487. Parry, Am. Naturalist, 9. 270.

A, leucophyllus. Hook. in Lond. Journ. Bot. 6. 211; not Torr. & Gray.

A. atratus. Watson, King’s Rep. 5. 69 & 487,t. 11. Parry, Am. Naturalist,
g. 270. Gray, Bot. Calif. 1. 155.

A. Austine.. Gray, Bot. Calif. 1. 156.

A. Beckwithii. Torr. & Gray, Pac. R. Rep. 2. 120, t. 3 (Regensb. Flora, 1858,
622). Durand, Fl. Utah, 162.. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 6. 221. Walp. Ann. 7. 737.
Watson, King’s Rep. 5. 71 & 440.

A. Bigelovii. Gray, Pl. Wright. 2.42; Proc. Am. Acad. 6.196. Walp. Ann.
4.524. Torrey, Mex. Bound. 55. Watson, King’s Rep. 5.456. Brandegee, Fl.
S. W. Col. 234.

A. bisuleatus. Gray, Pac. R. Rep. 12. 42, t.1,B; Proc. Acad. Philad. 1863, 60;
Proc. Am. Acad. 6. 221. Watson, King’s Rep. 5. 442. Porter, Hayd. Rep. 1871,
481; Fl. Col. 28. :

Phaca bisuleata. Hook. F). Bor.-Am. 1. 145; Lond. Journ. Bot. 6. 214. Don,
Mill. 2. 471. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1.349. Eat. & Wr. 349. Walp. Rep. 1. 688.
Dietr. 4. 1064. Engelm. Pl. Upp. Miss. 189. Pl. Bourgeau, 255.

Astragalus. | aes LEGUMINOS.®. 191

A. Bolanderi. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 7. 337; Bot. Calif. 1. 155. Watson, King’s
Rep. 5. 437.

A. Bourgovii. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 6. 227. Watson, King’s Rep. 5. 444.

A. Brandegei. Porter, Fl. Col. 24.

A. Brazoensis. Buckley, Proc. Acad. Philad. 1861, 452. Gray, same, 1862, 162 ;
Proe. Am. Acad. 6. 198. Walp. Ann. 7. 758. Watson, King’s Rep. 5. 456.

A. Breweri. Gray, Proc. Calif. Acad. 3.103; Proc. Am. Acad. 6. 207; Bot.
Calif. 1.146. Boland. Cat. 10. Watson, King’s Rep. 5. 459.
A. cespitosus. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 6.230. Watson, King’s Rep. 5. 445.
Porter, Hayd. Rep. 1871, 481.

Homalobus ceespitosus & canescens. Nutt.; Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1.852. Eat. & Wr.
272. . Walp. Rep. 1. 711 & 712. Dietr. 4. 1099 & 1100.

HF. brachycarpus. Nutt.; same citations. Hook. in Lond. Journ. Bot. 6. 215.
A. calycosus. Torr.; Watson, King’s Rep. 5. 66 & 455. Gray, Bot. Calif. 1. 156.
A. campestris. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 6. 229. Watson, King’s Rep. 5. 76 & 445,
Porter, Hayd. Rep. 1871, 481; Fl. Col. 29. Coulter, Hayd. Rep. 1872, 764. Rothr.
Pl. Wheeler, 36.

Homalobus campestris. Nutt.; Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1.551. Eat. & Wr. 272. Walp.
Rep. 1. 711. Dietr. 4.1099. Hook. in Lond. Journ. Bot. 6. 214.

H. tenuifolius. Nutt.; same citations, excl. Hook.

H. decumbens. Gray, Proc. Acad. Philad. 1863, 60; not Nutt.

A. Canadensis. Jinn. Spec. 757. Hill, Veg. Syst. 22, t.15,f. 1. Lam. Dict.
1.311. Scopoli, Delic. Fl. Insub. 2. 125 (Roem. u. Ust. Mag. Bot. 3. 30). Walter,
183. Ait. Hort. Kew. 3. 74. Willd. Spec. 3. 1274. DC. Astrag. 171; Prodr. 2. 298.
Persoon, 2. 839. Pursh, 472. . Lodd. Bot. Cab. t. 372. Elliott, 2.227. Spreng.
Syst. 3. 303. Torrey, Compend. 264; Fl. N. Y. 1.172, t.25. Hook. Fl. Bor-Am.
1. 152. Don, Mill. 2. 263. Beck, Bot. 82. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 335; Pac. R. Rep.
2.163. Eat. & Wr. 147. Dietr. 4. 1086. Gray, Pl. Fendl. 33; Pac. R. Rep. 12. 42;
Proc. Am. Acad. 6. 196; Manual, 132. Parry, Pl. Minn. 611. Engelm. Pl. Upp.
Miss. 189. Chapman, 97. Pl. Bourgeau, 255. Watson, King’s Rep. 5. 67 & 436,
excl. var.; Pl. Wheeler, 7. Coulter, Hayd. Rep. 1872, 764. Porter, Fl. Col. 23.

A. Carolinianus. Jinn. Spec. 757. Hill, Veg. Syst. 22, t, 14, f. 3. Lam. Dict.
1.311. Scopoli, ll. ee. Walter, 183. Willd. Spec. 3.1275. Michx. Fl. 2. 66. Per-
soon, 2. 339: Ait. f. Hort. Kew. 4.363. Pursh, 472. Elliott, 2.226. DC. Prodr.
2.293. Spreng. Syst. 3.298. Torrey, Compend. 264. Don, Mill. 2.263. Beck,
Bot. 82. Nees, Pl. Wied. 7.

A. candidissimus. (Lower California.)

Phaca candidissima. Benth. Bot. Sulph. 13. Walp. Rep. 2. 517.

A. caryocarpus. Ker, Bot. Reg.2, t. 176. Spreng. Neue Entdeck. +1. 55
Syst. 3.301. DC. Prodr. 2.287. Torrey, Ann. Lye. N. Y. 2.179; Nicol. Rep.
148; Marcy’s Rep. 284. Hook. Fl. Bor-Am. 1.150; Lond. Journ. Bot. 6. 210.
Don, Mill. 2.258. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1.331. Eat. & Wr. 148. Engelm. & Gray,
Pl. Lindh. 34. Gray, Pl. Lindh. 176; Pl. Wright. 1.51; Pac. R. Rep. 12. 42; Proce.
Acad. Philad. 1863, 60; Proc. Am. Acad. 6.192; Manual, 152. Dietr. 4. 1080.
Engelm. Wisliz. Rep. 3; Pl. Up. Miss. 189. Parry, Pl. Minn. 611. Pl. Bourgeau,
2cv, Watson, King’s Rep. 5. 435. Porter, Hayd. Rep. 1871, 480; Fl. Col. 23.
Rothr. Pl. Wheeler, 36.

A. crassicarpus. Nutt.; Fras. Cat. 1815.

A. carnosus. Pursh, 740, as to fruit only. Nutt. Genera, 2.100. Bradbury,
Cat. 338. James, Long’s Exped. 2. 333.

9
D5
I

192 LEGUMINOS &. [Astragalus.

A, succulentus. Richard. Frankl. Journ. 18. Spreng. Syst. 42. 288. Don, Mill.
2.256. Lindl. Bot. Reg. 16, t. 1324.

A. pachycarpus. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1, 332. Eat. & Wr. 149. Walp. Rep. 1. 700.
Dietr. 4. 1080.
A. Casei. Gray, Bot. Calif. 1. 154.
A. Chameeleuce. Gray, Ives’ Rep. 10, in part; Proc. Am. Acad. 6.222. Wat--
son, King’s Rep. 5. 74, & 443 in part. :

Phaca pygmea. Nutt.; Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1.349. Eat. & Wr. 350. Walp. Rep.
1. 689. Dietr. 4. 1064.
A. Cobrensis. Gray, Pl. Wright. 2. 43; Proc. Am. Acad. 6.199. Torrey, Mex.
Bound. 55. Watson, King’s Rep. 5. 456.

A. collinus. Dougl.; Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am. 1. 140. ‘Don, Mill. 2. 256. Walp. Rep.
2. 866. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 6. 225. Watson, King’s Rep. 5. 444. Torrey, Bot.
Wilkes, 277.

Phaca collina. Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am. 1. 140. Don, Mill. 2.470. Torr. & Gray,
Fl. 1.547. Eat. & Wr. 350. Walp. Rep. 1. 688. Dietr. 4. 1064.

A. Cooperi. Gray, Manual, 2 ed. 98; Proce. Am. Acad. 6. 213. Watson, King’s
Rep. 5. 440.

Phaca neglecta. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 344 & 694. Eat. & Wr. 351. Walp. Rep.
1. 686. Torrey, Fl. N. Y. 1. 178, t.24. Dietr. 4. 1062. Gray, Manual, 1 ed. 105.

a Coulteri. Benth. Pl. Hartw. 307. Walp. Ann. 2. 594. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad.
6. 255; Bot. Calif. 1. 146. Watson, King’s Rep. 5. 66 & 455.
A. Arthu-Schottii. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 6. 209 & 7. 337.

A. Crotalariz. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 6.216; Bot. Calif. 1.149. Boland. Cat.
10. Watson, King’s Rep. 5. 441.

Phaca Crotalarie. Benth. Pl. Hartw. 307. Walp. Ann. 2. 369.

Phaca densifolia. Torrey, Pac. R. Rep. 4. 80.

Var. virgatus. Gray, Bot. Calif. 1. 149.

A. curtipes. Gray, Proc. Calif. Acad. 3.103; Proc. Am. Acad. 6. 217; Bot. Calif.
1. 148. Boland. Cat. 10. Watson, King’s Rep. 5. 441.

A. cyaneus. Gray, Pl. Fendl. 34. Walp. Ann. 2.575. Torr. & Gray, Pac. R.
Rep. 2. 165. Torrey, Mex. Bound. 56. Watson, Am. Naturalist, 9. 270.

A. Shortianus, var. (?) minor. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 6.211. Watson, King’s
Rep. 5. 440.

A. Shortianus. Watson, Pl. Wheeler, 7.
A. debilis. Gray, Proc. Acad. Philad. 1863, 60.

Phaca debilis. Nutt.; Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1.345. Eat. & Wr. 351. Walp. Rep.
1. 686. Dietr. 4. 1065. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 6. 233.
A. decumbens. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 6.229. Watson, King’s Rep. 5. 445.
Porter, Fl. Col. 29.

Homalobus decumbens. Nutt.; Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1.352. Eat..& Wr. 272. Walp.
Rep. 1.711. Dietr. 4. 1099. Hook. in Lond. Journ. Bot. 6. 215.
A. didymocarpus. Hook. & Arn. Bot. Beechey, 334, t. 81. Torr. & Gray, FI.
1. 6938. ae Rep. 1. 701. Dietr. 4.1082. Torrey, Pac.’ R. Rep. 4. 80; Mex.
Bound. 5 Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 6.198; Bot. Calif. 1.146. Boland. Cat. 1o.
Watson, King’ s Rep. 5. 486.

A, ee & Acs Nutt. Pl. Gambel. in Proc. Acad. Philad. 4. 9, &
Journ. of same, 2. 1. 152 & 155

A. diphysus. Gray, Pl. Fendl. 34; Pl. Wright. 1: 52; Ives’s Rep. 10; Proc. Am.

Astragalus.] LEGUMINOS2. 193

Acad. 6. 195; Bot. Calif. 1.147. Walp. Ann. 2.596. Torr. & Gray, Pac. R. Rep.
2.120. Torrey, same, 4.80. Durand, Fl. Utah, 162. Watson, King’s Rep. 5. 65
& 435; Pl. Wheeler, 7. Porter, Hayd. Rep. 1871, 481. Parry, Am. Naturalist,
g. 270. Brandegee, Fl. S. W. Col. 234.
A. distortus. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1.535. Eat. & Wr. 149. Walp. Rep. 1. 700.
Gray, Pl. Fendl. 35; Pl. Wright. 1.52; Proc. Am. Acad. 6.207; Manual, 133 ;
Hall’s Pl. Texas, 7. Dietr. 4.1080. Watson, King’s Rep. 5.439. Young, FI.
Texas, 227.
A. Dougiasii. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 6. 215; Bot. Calif. 1. 150. Boland. Cat. Io.
Watson, King’s Rep. 5. 441.

Phaca Douglasii. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 846. Hook. & Arn. Bot. Beechey, 354.
Eat. & Wr. 351. Walp. Rep. 1. 687. Dietr. 4. 1062.
A. Drummondii. Dougl.; Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am. 1. 153, t. 57; Lond. Journ. Bot.
6. 212. Don, Mill. 2. 263. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1.337. Eat. & Wr. 147. Walp. Rep.
1.705. Dietr. 4.1087. Engelm. Pl. Upp. Miss. 189. Gray, Proc. Acad. Philad.
1863, 60; Proc. Am. Acad. 6. 200. Pl. Bourgeau, 255. Watson, King’s Rep. 5. 457.
Porter, Fl. Col. 24. Rothr. Pl. Wheeler, 36.
A. episcopus. Watson, Proc. Am. Acad. 10. 346.
A. eriocarpus. Watson, King’s Rep. 5. 71 & 440. Parry, Am. Naturalist, 9. 270.
Gray, Bot. Calif. 1. 151.
A. Fendleri. Gray, Pl. Wright. 2. 44; Ives’s Rep. 10; Proc. Am. Acad. 6. 224 &
7.527. Torrey, Sitgr. Rep. 158; Mex. Bound. 56. Watson, King’s Rep. 5. 445.
Porter, Fl. Col. 28. Rothr. Pl. Wheeler, 36.

Phaca Fendleri. Gray, Pl. Fendl. 36. Walp. Ann. 2. 369.
A. filipes. Torrey, Bot. Wilkes, 278. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 6. 226; Bot. Calif.

‘1. 152. Watson, King’s Rep. 5. 75 & 444.

A. flavus. Nutt.; Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1.335. Eat. & Wr.150. Walp. Rep. 1. 703.
Dietr. 4. 1085. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 6. 201. Watson, King’s Rep. 5. 437.
A. flexuosus. Dougl.; Hook. Fl. Bor-Am. 1. 140. Don, Mill. 2. 256 & 470.
Walp. Rep. 2. 866. Dietr. 4. 1078. Gray, Proce. Acad. Philad. 1863, 60; Proc. Am.
Acad. 6. 224. Watson, King’s Rep. 5. 443. Porter, Hayd. Rep. 1870, 475; FI.
Col. 28.

Phaca fleruosa. ook. Fl. Bor-Am. 1. 140. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 348. Eat. &
Wr. 350. Walp. Rep. 1. 688. Dietr. 4. 1064.

Phaca elongata. Wook.; same citations. Don, Mill. 2.470. Torrey, Nicol. Rep.
149., Engelm. Pl. Upp. Miss. 189. Pl. Bourgeau, 255.

A. frigidus, Gray. See syn. (under Phuca) in DC. Astrag. 57, & Prodr. 2. 275;
Ledeb. Fl. Ross. 1. 575; Trauty. Pl. Middend. 1. 48; Bunge, Astrag. 2. 28.
Var. Americanus.
Phaca frigida. Richard. Frankl. Journ. 17. Pl. Bourgeau, 255.
P. frigida, var. Americana. Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am. 1.140. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 544.
Eat. & Wr. 349. Walp. Rep. 1. 685.
A. frigidus. Gray, Proc. Acad. Philad. 1865, 60; Proc. Am. Acad. 6. 219. Wat-

_ son, King’s Rep. 5. 442. Porter, Hayd. Rep. 1871, 481; Fl. Col. 27.

Var. littoralis.
Phaca frigida. Hook. & Arn. Bot. Beechey, 122. Seem. Bot. Herald, 28. Hook.
f. Arct. Pl. 289, in part.
P. frigida, var. littoralis. Hook. F). Bor.-Am. 1. 140. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 344.
A. frigidus. Rothr. Fl. Alask. 445.

13

194 LEGUMINOS &. [Astragalus.

A. Geyeri. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 6.214; Bot. Calif. 1.146. Watson, King’s
Rep. 5. 72 & 440. Coulter, Hayd. Rep. 1872, 764.

Phaca annua. Geyer; Hook. in Lond. Journ. Bot. 6. 213. Walp. Ann. 1. 234,
Gray, Pl. Wright. 2. 45.
A. Gibbsii. Kellogg, Proc. Calif. Acad. 2. 161, f.50. Watson, King’s Rep.
5. 446.

A. cyrtoides. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 6. 201 & 7. 525; Bot. Calif. 1. 152. Ander-
son, Cat. Pl. Ney. 120. Watson, King’s Rep. 5. 75 & 444: Pl. Wheeler, 7.

A. glaber. Michx. Fl. 2.66. Pursh, 472. Nutt. Genera, 2.99. Elliott, 2. 227.
DC. Prodr. 2. 293. Spreng. Syst. 3. 300. Don, Mill. 2. 263. Torr. & Gray, FI.

506. Eat. & Wr. 158. Dietr. 4. 1086. Chapman, 97. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad.
6. 208. Wood, Bot. & Fl. 94. Watson, King’s Rep. 5. 439.

A. glabriusculus. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 6. 204 & 7. 527. Watson, King’s Rep.
5. 489. Porter, Fl. Col. 26.

Phaca glabriuscula. Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am. 1. 144. Don, Mill. 2.470. Torr. &
Gray, Fl. 1. 546. Eat. & Wr. 349. Walp. Rep. 1. 687. Dietr. 4. 1063. Seem. Bot.
Herald, 51.

Var. major. Gray, Proc. Acad. Philad. 1863, 60; Proc. Am. Acad. 6. 204.

A. glareosus. Dougl.; Hook. Fl. Bor-Am. 1. 152; Lond. Journ. Bot. 6. 211. Don,
Mill. 2.271. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 333 & 698. Hook. & Arn. Bot. Beechey, 334. Eat.
& Wr. 148. Walp. Rep. 1. 701 & 2. 879. Dietr. 4.1081. Torrey, Mex. Bound. 56;
Bot. Wilkes, 276. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 211. Watson, King’s Rep. 5. 440.

A. argophyllus. Nutt.; Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 331, excl. syn. Eat. & Wr. 149.
Walp. Rep. 1. 700. Dietr. 4. 1080.

A. gracilentus. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 6.223. Anderson, Cat. Pl. Ney. 119.
Watson, King’s Rep. 5. 445.

Phaca gracilenta. Gray, Pl. Fendl. 86. Walp. Ann. 2. 869.
A. gracilis. Nutt. Genera, 2.100. DC. Prodr. 2. 284. Don, Mill. 2. 256. Torr.
& Gray, Fl. 1. 329. Eat. & Wr. 148. Nees, Pl. Wied, 7. Torrey, Nicol. Rep. 148;
Frem. Rep. 89. Dietr. 4. 1078. | Hook. in Lond. Journ. Bot. 6.210. | Engelm. Pl.
Upp. Miss. 189. Cooper, Pac. R. Rep. 12. 42. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 6. 202.
Watson, King’s Rep. 5. 488. Porter, Fl. Col. 85. Rothr. Pl. Wheeler, 36.

Dalea parviflora. Pursh, 474.

Psoralea parviflora. Poir. Suppl. 4. 590.

Phaca parvifolia. Nutt.; Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 348. Eat. & Wr. 349. Walp. Rep.
1. 688. Dietr. 4. 1064.

A. Grayi. Parry; Watson, Am. Naturalist, 8. 212.

A. Hallii. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 6. 224. Watson, King’s Rep. 5. 448. Porter,
F]. Col. 28. Rothr. Pl. Wheeler, 36.

2 A. vaginatus. Richard. in Frankl. Journ. 17, not Pall. Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am.
1.149. Don, Mill. 2.288. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 329. Eat. Pa 138. Referred to
Phaca australis by Planchon, fide Gray in Proc. Am. Acad. 6. 207.

A. Phace debili aff Gray, Proc. Acad. Philad. 1865, 60.
A. Hartwegi. Benth. Pl. Hartw. 10. Dietr. 4.1086. Torrey, Mex. Bound. 56.
Gray, Proe. Am. Acad. 6.199. Watson, King’s Rep. 5. 486.
A. Haydenianus. Gray in Brandegee, Fl. S. W. Col. 255,
A. Hookerianus. Dietr. 4.1086. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 6.215; Bot. Calif.
1.147. Watson, King’s Rep. 5. 78 & 441.

Phaca Hookeriana. Torr. & Gray, 1. 698. Walp. Rep. 1. 685.

A. pictus, var. foliosus. Anderson, Cat. Pl. Ney. 120.

Astragalus. | LEGUMINOS&. 195

A. Hornii. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 7. 398; Bot. Calif. 1.150. Anderson, Cat. Pl.
Ney. 120. Watson, King’s Rep. 5. 441.

A. humillimus. Gray, in Brandegee, Fl. S. W. Col. 235.

A. humistratus. Gray, Pl. Wright. 2. 45; Pl. Thurb. 302; Proc. Am. Acad.
6.201. Walp. Ann. 4. 524. Torrey, Pac. R. Rep. 4.80; Mex. Bound. 55. Wat-
son, King’s Rep. 5. 457.

A. hypogilottis. Linn. Mant. 2.274. See syn. in DC. Astrag. 118; Poir. Suppl.
1. 505; Ledeb. Fl. Ross. 1. 602; Bunge, Astrag. 2. 85; Lange, Bidr. Syn. (Bull.
Soc. Bot. France, 20. 192). — Richard. in Frankl. Journ. 18. Nutt. Genera, 2. 99.
James, Cat. 186. DC. Prodr. 2.281. Spreng. Syst. 3. 805. Torrey, Ann. Lye.
N. Y. 2.179; Nicol. Rep. 148; Frem. Rep. 89. Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am. 1. 148; Lond.
Journ. Bot. 6, 210, excl. var. Don, Mill. 2.253. ‘Torr. & Gray, FI. 1. 328 & 692.
Hook. & Arn. Bot. Beechey, 334. Hat. & Wr. 148. Walp. Rep. 1.695. Dietr.
4.1071. Gray, Pl. Fendl. 35; Proc. Acad. Philad. 60; Proc. Am. Acad. 6. 197.
Seem. Bot. Herald, 51. . Engelm. Pl. Upp. Miss. 189. Hook. f. Arct. Pl. 289. PI.
Bourgeau, 255. Rothr. Fl. Alask. 445; Pl. Wheeler, 36. Porter, Hayd. Rep. 1870,
474; 1871, 481; Fl. Col. 24. Watson, King’s Rep. 5. 68 & 456. Coulter, Hayd.
Rep. 1872, 764.

A. agrestis. Dougl.; Don, Mill. 2.257. Walp. Rep. 2. 866. Dietr. 4. 1081.

A, goniatus. Nutt.; Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1.330. Eat. & Wr. 149. Walp. Rep.
1. 699. Dietr. 4. 1080.
A. inflexus. Dougl.; Hook. Fl. Bor-Am. 1.151. Don, Mill. 2.256. Torr. &
Gray, Fl. 1.333. Hat. & Wr. 138. Walp. Rep. 1. 701 & 2. 866. Dietr. 4. 1078.
Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 6. 212; Bot. Calif. 1. 151. Watson, King’s Rep. 5. 440.
A. iodanthus. Watson, King’s Rep. 5.70 & 440. Porter, Fl. Col. 25. Gray,
Bot. Calif. 1. 154.

A. adsurgens. Torrey, Stansb. Rep. 885, not Pall. Durand, FI. Utah, 162.
A. jejunus. Watson, King’s Rep. 5. 73 & 442, t=. 13.
A. junceus. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 6. 230 & 7.527. Watson, King’s Rep. 5. 76
& 445. Porter, Hayd. Rep. 1871, 481; FI. Col. 29. Coulter, Hayd. Rep. 1872, 764.

Homalobus junceus. Nutt.; Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1.551. Eat. & Wr. 272. Walp.
Rep. 1. 711. Dietr. 4. 1099.

Homalobus orthocarpus. Nutt.; same citations. Hook. in Lond. Journ. Bot.
6. 214.

A. diversifolius. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 6. 250. Porter, Fl. Col. 29.

A. Kentrophyta. Gray, Proc. Acad. Philad. 1863, 60; Proc. Am. Acad. 6. 231;
3ot. Calif. 1. 156. Porter, Hayd. Rep. 1870, 475; 1871, 481; Fl. Col. 80. Watson,
King’s Rep. 5. 77 & 445. Parry, Am. Naturalist, 9. 270.

Kentrophyta montana. Nutt.; Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 353 & 694. Eat. & Wr. 289.
Walp. Rep. 1.712. Torrey, Frem. Rep. 89; Pac. R. Rep. 4.80. Dietr. 4. 1100.
Hook. in Lond. Journ. Bot. 6. 215. Gray, Pl. Fendl. 38. Engelm. Pl. Upp.
Miss. 189.

K. viridis. Nutt.; Torr. & Gray, Fl.1.353. Eat. & Wr. 289. Walp. Rep.
1. 712. Dietr. 4. 1100.

Var. elatus. Watson, King’s Rep. 5. 77. Gray, Bot. Calif. 1. 157.
A. Lemmoni. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 8. 626; Bot. Calif. 1. 155.
A. lentiformis. Gray, Bot. Calif. 1. 156.

A. lentiginosus. Dougl.; Hook. Fl. Bor-Am. 1.151. Don, Mill. 2. 257. Torr.
& Gray, Fl. 1.338. Eat. & Wr. 138. Walp. Rep. 1. 700 & 2. 866. Dietr. 4. 1079.

196 LEGUMINOS 2. [Astragalus.

Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 6.194; Bot. Calif. 1.147. Anderson, Cat. Pl. Ney. 120.
Watson, King’s Rep. 5. 65 & 435; Pl. Wheeler, 7. Torrey, Bot. Wilkes, 275.

A. diaphanus. Dougl.; Hook. FI. Bor.-Am. 1.151. Don, Mill. 2.472. Torr. &
Gray, Fl. 1.151. Eat. & Wr. 148. Walp. Rep. 1. 700. Dietr. 4.1081. Gray, Proe.
Am. Acad. 6. 233. Watson, King’s Rep. 5. 446.

Var. Fremonti. Watson, King’s Rep. 5. 66; Pl. Wheeler, 7. Gray, Bot. Calif.
Leela
A. Fremontii. Torr. & Gray, Pac. R. Rep. 4. 80, excl. var. Gray, Proc. Am.
Acad. 6. 194.
A, ineptus. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 7. 525. Anderson, Cat. Pl. Nev. 119.

A. leptaleus. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 6. 220. Watson, King’s Rep. 5. 442. Por-
ter, Fl. Col. 28.

Phaca pauciflora. Nutt.; Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1.348. Eat. & Wr. 349. Walp.
Rep. 1. 688. ;

Astragalus or Phaca2? Gray, Pl. Fendl. 33.

A. pauciflorus. Gray, Proc. Acad. Philad. 1865, 60.

A. leptocarpus. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 334 & 693. Eat. & Wr. 149. Walp. Rep.
1.701. Engelm. & Gray, Pl. Lindh. 8. Dietr. 4. 1082. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad.
6. 200; Hall’s Pl. Texas, 7. Watson, King’s Rep. 5. 437. Young, Fl. Texas, 228.
A. leucophyllus. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1.336. Eat. & Wr. 150. Gray, Proc.
Am. Acad. 6. 218; Bot. Calif. 1.148. Watson, King’s Rep. 5. 442. ‘Torrey, Bot.
Wilkes, 277.

Phaca leucophylla. Hook. & Arn. Bot. Beechey, 333. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 694.
Walp. Rep. 1. 687. Dietr. 4. 1065.

A. leucopsis. Torrey, Mex. Bound. 56,t.16. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 6. 217;
Bot. Calif. 1. 149. Boland. Cat. 10. Watson, King’s Rep. 5. 441.
Phaca canescens. Nutt.; Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 344, not Hook. & Arn. SBat. &
Wr. 351.
Phaca leucopsis. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 694.
A. Lindheimeri. Gray, Pl. Wright. 1.52; Proc. Am. Acad. 6.207. Torr. &
Gray, Pac. R. Rep. 2. 163. Walp. Ann. 4. 525. Watson, King’s Rep. 5, 439.
A. lonchocarpus. Torrey, Pac. R. Rep. 4.80. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 6. 219.
Watson, King’s Rep. 5. 442. Porter, Fl. Col. 27. Parry, Am. Naturalist, 9. 270.
Phaca macrocarpa. Gray, Pl. Fendl. 36. Walp. Ann. 2. 569.

A. lotiflorus. Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am. 1. 152. Don, Mill. 2. 472. Gray, Proc. Acad.
Philad. 1863, 60; Proc. Am. Acad. 6. 208. Watson, King’s Rep. 5. 439. Porter,
Fl. Col. 26. Rothr. Pl. Wheeler, 36.
Phaca lotiflora. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 349. Eat. & Wr. 349. Walp. Rep. 1. 689.
Dietr. 4. 1064.
Var. brachypus. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 6. 209; Hall’s Pl. Texas, 7.
A. Lyallii. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 6, 195. Watson, King’s Rep. 5. 495.
A. macrodon. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 6. 216; Bot. Calif. 1. 150. Watson, King’s
Rep. 5. 441.
Phaca macrodon. Hook. & Arn. Bot. Beechey, 333. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 694.
Walp. Rep. 1. 687. Dietr. 4. 1063.
A. malacus. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 7. 336; Bot. Calif. 1.151. Anderson, Cat.
Pl. Nev. 120. Watson, King’s Rep. 5. 67 & 487.
A. Fremontii, var. Torrey, Pac. R. Rep. 4. 80. Gray,.Proc. Am. Acad. 6. 233.
A. Parryi. Anderson, Cat. Pl. Ney. 120.

Astragalus. | LEGUMINOS&. 197

A. megacarpus. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 6.215; Bot. Calif. 1.148. Watson,
King’s Rep. 5. 441.
Phaca megacarpa. Nutt.; Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1.345. Eat. & Wr. 350. Walp.
Rep. 1. 685.
Var. Parryi. Gray, Bot. Calif. 1.148. Parry, Am. Naturalist, 9. 270.

A. Menziesii. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 6. 217; Bot. Calif. 1.150. Boland. Cat. ro.
Watson, King’s Rep. 5. 441. Torrey, Bot. Wilkes, 277.

Phaca densifolia. Smith, Rees’ Cye.n. 9. DC. Prodr. 2. 274. Spreng. Syst.
4°, 287. Don, Mill. 2.248. Hook. Icon. t. 282. Hook. & Arn. Bot. Beechey, 158
& 334. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 344. Eat. & Wr. 351. Benth. Pl. Hartw. 306.

Phaca Nuttallii. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 345. Eat. & Wr. 351. Walp. Rep. 1. 685.

A. densifolius. Torrey, Pac. R. Rep. 7. 10, not Lam.

A. Mexicanus. DC. Pl. Rar. Gen. 4.16,t.3. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1.693. Gray,
Pl. Wright. 1.51; Proc. Am. Acad. 6.193; Manual, 132. Watson, King’s Rep.
6. 435. Porter, Fl. Col. 23.

A. trichocalyx. Nutt.; Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1.332. Eat. & Wr. 149. Walp. Rep.
1. 700. Engelm. Am. Journ. Sci. 1. 46. 96. Dietr. 4. 1080. Young, Fl. Texas, 227.

A. microcystis. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 6. 220. Watson, King’s Rep. 5. 442.

A. microlobus. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 6.203. Watson, King’s Rep. 5. 438.
Porter, Fl. Col. 25. .

A. gracilis. James, Cat.186. Torrey, Ann. Lyc. N. Y.2.179. Gray, Am.
Journ. Sci. 2. 33. 410; Proc. Acad. Philad. 1863, 60.

A. miser. Dougl.; Hook. Fl. Bor-Am. 1.153. Torr. & Gray, FI. 1. 338. Gray,
Proc. Am. Acad. 6. 228. Watson, King’s Rep. 5. 444.
A. debilis. Walp. Rep.1.710. Dietr. 4. 1098.

A. Missouriensis. Nutt. Genera, 2.99. James, Cat. 186; Long’s Exped. 2. 333.
DC. Prodr. 2.287. Spreng. Syst. 3.300. Don, Mill. 2.258. Torr. & Gray, FI.
1. 331 & 692; Pac. R. Rep. 2. 163. Nees, Pl. Wied, 7. Dietr. 4. 1080. Gray, Pl.
Fendl. 55; Pl. Thurb. 500; Pac. R. Rep. 12. 41; Ives’s Rep. 10; Proce. Acad. Philad.
1863, 60; Proc. Am. Acad. 6.210. Torrey, Sitgr. Rep. 158; Pac. R. Rep. 4. 80.
Engelm. Pl. Upp. Miss. 189. Pl. Bourgeau, 255. Watson, King’s Rep. 5. 440. Por-
ter, Hayd. Rep. 1871, 481; Fl. Col. 26. Rothr. Pl. Wheeler, 36.

A. melanocarpus. Nutt. Fras. Cat. 1818. Richard. in Frankl. Journ. 18. Hook.
Fl. Bor.-Am. 1. 150. Don, Mill. 2. 472.

Phaca cretacea. Buckley, Proc. Acad. Philad. 1861, 452; fide Gray, same, 1862,
162. Walp. Ann. 7. 740.

A. mollissimus. Torrey, Ann. Lyc. N. Y. 2.178; Frem. Rep. 89; Pac. R. Rep.
4.80. Don, Mill. 2. 271. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 337; Pac. R. Rep. 2. 163. Eat. & Wr.
148. Walp. Rep. 1. 709. Dietr. 4. 1096. Gray, Pl. Fendl. 35; Pl. Wright. 1. 53 &
2. 42; Proc. Acad. Philad. 1863, 60; Proc. Am. Acad. 6.195. Engelm. Pl. Upp.
Miss. 189. Watson, King’s Rep. 5. 436. Porter, Fl. Col. 23.

Phaca villosa. James, Cat. 186.

A. glareoso aff. Gray, Am. Journ. Sci. 2. 33. 410.

A. Mortoni. Nutt. in Journ. Acad. Philad. 7.19. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 350. Eat.
& Wr. 138. Walp. Rep. 1.699. Dietr. 4.1079. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 6. 196;
Bot. Calif. 1. 155. Anderson, Cat. Pl. Nev. 120.

A. tristis. Nutt.; Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1.336. Eat. & Wr. 150. Walp. Rep. 1. 704.
Dietr. 4. 1086. . .

A, spicatus. Nutt.; same citations. Torrey, Nicol. Rep. 148 ?

198 LEGUMINOS 2. [ Astragalus.

A. Canadensis, var. Mortoni. Watson, King’s Rep. 5.68. Porter, Hayd. Rep.
1871, 481. Coulter, same, 1872, 764.

A. multiflorus. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 6. 226; Bot. Calif. 1. 153. Watson,
King’s Rep. 5. 75 & 444; Pl. Wheel. 7. Porter, Fl. Col. 29. Torrey, Bot. Wilkes,
278. Rothr. Pl. Wheeler, 36.

A. tenellus. Pursh, 473. Poir. Suppl. 5. 564.

Ervum multiflorum. Pursh, 739. Poir. Suppl. 5. 671. Bradbury, Cat. 337-
Spreng. Syst. 3. 270. ;

Orobus dispar. Nutt. Genera, 2.95. James, Cat. 186; Long’s Exped. 2. 339.
Seringe in DC. Prodr. 2.380. Torrey, Ann. Lyc. N. Y. 2.180. Spreng. Syst.
3. 261. Don, Mill. 2. 341. Dietr. 4. 1122.

Phaca nigrescens. Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am. 1. 143. Don, Mill. 2. 470.

Homalobus multiflorus. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1.351. Eat. & Wr. 272. Walp. Rep.
1.711. Torrey, Nicol. Rep. 149. Dietr. 4. 1099. Hook. in Lond. Journ. Bot. 6. 214.
Engelm. Pl. Upp. Miss. 189.

Ffomalobus dispar. Nutt.; Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1.350. Eat. & Wr. 271. Walp.
Rep. 1. 711. Dietr. 4. 1099.

A. nigrescens. Gray, Am. Journ. Sci. 2. 33. 410; Proc. Acad. Philad. 1863, 60.
Pl. Bourgeau, 255.

A. nothoxys. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 6. 232. Watson, King’s Rep. 5. 446.
A. nudus. Watson, King’s Rep. 5. 74 & 448. Gray, Bot. Calif. 1. 153.

A. Nuttallianus. DC. Prodr. 2.289. Don, Mill. 2.259. Torr. & Gray, FI.
1.554. Walp. Rep. 1. 702. Engelm. & Gray, Pl. Lindh. 7. Dietr. 4.1053. Scheele,
Roem. Texas, 430. Torrey, Marcy’s Rep. 284; Mex. Bound. 55. Gray, Ives’s Rep.
10; Proc. Am. Acad. 6. 199; Hall’s Pl. Texas, 7; Bot. Calif. 1. 146. Watson, King’s
Rep. 5. 68 & 436.

A. micranthus. Nutt. in. Journ. Acad. Philad. 3. 122 (Litt.-Ber. zu Linnza, 1829,
40), not Desv. Eat. & Wr. 149.

Var. trichocarpus. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 334; Pac. R. Rep. 2. 163. Engelm. &
Gray, Pl. Lindh. 7. Gray, Pl. Fendl. 36; Proc. Am. Acad. 6.199; Hall’s Pl.
Texas, 7. Watson, King’s Rep. 5. 68.

A. trichocarpus. Young, Fl. Texas, 228.

Var. canescens. Torr. & Gray, Pac. R. Rep. 2.163. Parry, Am. Naturalist,

Q. 270.

A. Nuttallianus, vars. Gray, Pl. Wright. 1. 52 & 2. 45.
A. obcordatus. Elliott, 2.227. DC. Prodr. 2. 306. Don, Mill. 2.272. Torr. &
Gray, Fl. 1. 332. Eat. & Wr. 148. Dietr. 4. 1099. Gray, Pl. Fendl. 35; Pl. Wright.
1.53; Proc. Am. Acad. 6. 208. Chapman, 97. Wood, Bot. & Fl. 94. Watson,
King’s Rep. 5. 439.

A. Elliottii. Dietr. 4. 1080.
A. obscurus. Watson, King’s Rep. 5. 69 & 437. Gray, Bot. Calif. 1. 155.

A. oocarpus. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 6. 213; Bot. Calif. 1. 149. Watson, King’s
Rep. 5. 440.

A. Crotalarie. Torr. Mex. Bound. 56, t. 17.
A. oophorus. Watson, King’s Rep. 5. 73 & 441. Gray, Bot. Calif. 1. 148.
A. Oreganus. Nutt.; Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1.335. Eat. & Wr. 150. Walp. Rep.
1. 703. Dietr. 4. 1085. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 6. 202. Watson, King’s Rep. 5. 488.
A. oroboides. Hornem. Fl. Dan. 8, t.1396. See syn. in Ledeb. FI. Ross. 1. 602;
Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 6. 205; Bunge, Astrag. 2. 26.

Astragalus. | LEGUMINOS ©. 199

Var. Americanus. Gray, ].c. Watson, King’s Rep. 5. 438. Porter, Hayd. Rep.
1871, 481; Fl. Col. 26. Rothr. Pl. Wheeler, 36.

Phaca elegans. Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am. 1. 144. Don, Mill. 2.471. Torr. & Gray,
Fl. 1. 845 & 694. Eat. & Wr. 349. Walp. Rep. 1.686. Torrey, Frem. Rep. 89.
Dietr. 4. 1065.. Pl. Bourgeau, 255.

Phaca parviflora. Nutt.; Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1.348. Eat. & Wr. 850. Walp.
Rep. 1. 688. Dietr. 4. 1064. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 6. 255.

A. oroboides. Hook. f. Arct. Pl. 289, in part. Gray, Am. Journ. Sci. 2. 35. 410 ;
Proc. Acad. Philad. 1865, 60.

A. oxyphysus. Gray, Proc. Calif. Acad. 3.103; Bot. Calif. 1.148. Boland.
Cat. to. Watson, King’s Rep. 6. 442.

A. Palliseri. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 6. 227. Watson, King’s Rep. 5. 444.

A. Palmeri. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 7. 598. Watson, King’s Rep. 5. 445.

A. Pattersoni. Gray in Brandegee, Fl. 8. W. Col. 285.

A. Parryi. Gray, Am. Journ. Sci. 2. 53. 410 (Bull. Soc. Bot. France, 9. 680) ;
Proc. Acad. Philad. 1863, 60; Proc. Am. Acad. 6.211. Walp. Ann. 7. 758. Wat-
son, King’s Rep. 5. 440. Porter, Fl. Col. 27. Rothr. Pl. Wheeler, 36.

A. succumbens. Torr. & Gray, Pac. R. Rep. 2, 165, not Dougl.

A. pauciflorus. Hook. Fl. Bor-Am. 1.149. Don, Mill. 2.472. Torr. & Gray,
Fl. 1. 329; Pac. R. Rep. 2. 163. Eat. & Wr. 158. Walp. Rep. 1. 696. Dietr. 4. 1075.
Pl. Bourgeau, 255. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 6. 228. Watson, King’s Rep. 5. 444.
Porter, Hayd. Rep. 1871, 481.

A. pectinatus. Dougl.; Hook. Fl. Bor-Am. 1.142. Don, Mill. D957. Moray,
Pac. R. Rep. 12.42; Am. Journ. Sci. 2. 33. 410; Proc. Acad. Philad. 1863, 60; Proc.
Am. Acad. 6. 221. Watson, King’s Rep. 5. 448. Porter, Fl. Col. 28. Rothr. Pl.
Wheeler, 36.

Phaca pectinata. Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am. 1. 142, t. 54; Lond. Journ. Bot. 6. 214.
Don, Mill. 2. 470. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1.317. Eat. & Wr. 350. Walp. Rep. 1. 687.
Dietr. 4. 1063. Engelm. Pl. Upp. Miss. 189. Pl. Bourgeau, 255.

A. pictus. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 6.214. Watson, King’s Rep. 5. 441. Coulter,
Hayd. Rep. 1872, 764. Porter, Fl. Col. 27.
Phaca picta. Gray, Pl. Fendl. 37. Walp. Ann. 2. 369.
Var. filifolius. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 6. 215. Porter, Fl. Col. 27.

Psoralea longifolia. Pursh, 741. Poir. Suppl. 4. 588. Bradbury, Cat. 338. DC.
Prodr. 2. 220. Don, Mill. 2. 204. Torr. & Gray, FI. 1. 800 & 688. Dietr. 4. 1024.

Orobus longifolius. Nutt. Genera, 2.95. James, Cat. 186. Seringe, DC. Prodr.
2. 380. Torrey, Ann. Lyc. N. Y. 2. 180. Spreng. Syst. 8.258. Don, Mill. 2. 341.

Phaca longifolia. Nutt.; Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 346. Walp. Rep. 1. 687. Torrey,
Frem. Rep. 89. Hook. in Lond. Journ. Bot. 6. 215. Dietr. 4. 1063.

A. filifolius. Gray, Pac. R. Rep. 12. 42, t.1, A; Ives’s Rep. 10; Proc. Acad.

Philad. 1863, 60.
A. Plattensis. Nutt.; Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 332. Eat. & Wr. 149. Walp. Rep.
1.700. Dietr. 4.1080. Gray, Pl. Wright. 1. 52; Proc. Am. Acad. 6. 193; Manual,
132. Engelm. Pl. Upp. Miss. 189. Watson, King’s Rep. 5. 485. Porter, Fl.
Col. 23.

A. caryocarpus. Torrey, Ann. Lyc. N. Y. 2. 179.

A. Mexicanus. Gray, Pl. Lindh. 176.

Var. Tennesseensis. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 6. 103; Manual, 152.
A. Tennesseensis. Gray in Chapman, 98.
A, Plattensis. Gray, Manual, 4 ed. xci.

200 LEGUMINOS 2. [ Astragalus.

A. platytropis. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 6. 526; Bot. Calif. 1.147. Anderson,
Cat. Pl. Ney. 119. Watson, King’s Rep. 5. 66 & 435.
A. polaris. Benth. in Hook. f. Arct. Pl. 3825. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 6, 233.
Rothr. Fl. Alask. 445. Watson, King’s Rep. 5. 446.

Oxytropis polaris. Seemann, Voy. Herald, Narrative.
A. porrectus. Watson, King’s Rep. 5. 75 & 444. Gray, Bot. Calif. 1. 153.
A. Preussii. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 6. 222. Anderson, Cat. Pl. Ney. 120. Wat-
son, King’s Rep. 5. 443.
A. pterocarpus. Watson, King’s Rep. 5. 71 & 439,t.12. Gray, Bot. Calif.
1. 154.
A. pubentissimus. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 693. Walp. Rep. 1. 702. Dietr. 4. 1084.
Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 6.209; Bot. Calif. 1.150. Watson, King’s Rep. 5. 439.
Porter, Fl. Col. 26.

A. multicaulis. Nutt.; Torr. & Gray, FI. 1. 335, not Ledeb. Eat. & Wr. 150.
A. Pulsiferze. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 10. 69; Bot. Calif. 1. 150.
A. Purshii. Dougl.; Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am. 1.152. Don, Mill. 2.271. Torr. &
Gray, Fl. 1. 336 & 693; Pac. R. Rep. 2.120. Eat. & Wr. 147. Walp. Rep. 1. 704.
Dietr. 4. 1086. Durand, Fl. Utah, 162. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 6. 212; Bot. Calif.
1.151. Anderson, Cat. Pl. Nev. 120. Watson, King’s Rep. 5. 72 & 440. ‘Torrey,
Bot. Wilkes, 277.

Phaca mollissima. Nutt.; Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 350 & 694. Eat. & Wr. 350.
Walp. Rep. 1. 689. Dietr. 4. 1065. Hook. in Lond. Journ. Bot. 6. 214.

A. pycnostachyus. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 6. 527; Bot. Calif. 1.155. Boland.
Cat. 10. Watson, King’s Rep. 5. 443.
A. racemosus. Pursh, 740. Poir. Suppl. 5. 564. Bradbury, Cat. 338. DC.
Prodr. 2. 294. Torrey, Ann. Lyc. N. Y. 2.179; Nicol. Rep. 148. Don, Mill. 2. 264.
Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1.337. Nees, Pl. Wied, 7. Dietr. 4. 1087. Engelm. Pl. Upp.
Miss. 189. - Gray, Pac. R. Rep. 12. 42; Proc. Acad. Philad. 1863, 60; Proc. Am.
Acad. 6. 200. Watson, King’s Rep. 5. 437. Porter, Fl. Col. 25. Rothr. Pl. Wheel-
er, 36.

A. galegoides. Nutt. Genera, 2.100. James, Cat. 186. Spreng. Syst. 3. 300.
Eat. & Wr. 148.
A. reflexus. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 354. Eat. & Wr. 149. Walp. Rep. 1.701. Dietr.
4.1082: Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 6.197; Hall’s Pl. Texas, 7. Watson, King’s Rep.
6. 436. Young, Fl. Texas, 228.
A. Robbinsii. Gray, Manual, 2 ed. 98; Proc. Am. Acad. 6. 204. Watson, King’s
Rep. 5. 458.

Phaca Robbinsti. Oakes, Hovey’s Mag. 7.179. Gray, Manual, 1 ed. 103. Walp.
Ann. 3. 849.

Var. occidentalis. Watson, King’s Rep: 5. 70. Brandegee, Fl. 8. W. Col. 235.

A. sclerocarpus. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 6.225. Watson, King’s Rep. 5. 444.
Torrey, Bot. Wilkes, 276. |

Phaca podocarpa. Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am. 1. 142. Don, Mill. 2.470. Torr. & Gray,
Fl. 1. 347 & 694. Eat. & Wr. 350. Walp. Rep. 1. 688. Dietr. 4. 1064.
A. scopulorum. Porter, Fl. Col. 24.
A. sericoleucus. Gray, Am. Journ. Sci. 2. 33. 410; Proc. Acad. Philad. 1863, 60;
Proc. Am. Acad. 6. 252. Watson, King’s Rep. 5. 445. Porter, Fl. Col. 30.

Phaca sericea. Nutt.; Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 343. Eat. & Wr. 350. Walp. Rep.
1. 689. Dietr. 4. 1065. Hook. in Lond. Journ. Bot. 6. 213.

Astragalus. ] LEGUMINOS®. 201

A. serotinus. Gray, Pac. R. Rep. 12. 18 & 51,t.5; Proc. Am. Acad. 6. 229.
Watson, King’s Rep. 5. 445. Torrey, Bot. Wilkes, 278.

A. sesquiflorus. Watson, Proc. Am. Acad. 10. 546.

A. Shortianus. Nutt.; Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1.331. Eat. & Wr. 149. Walp. Rep.
1. 700. Dietr. 4. 1080. eae Proc. Am. Acad. 6. 210, excl. var. Watson, King’s
Rep. 5. 440; Am. Naturalist, 9.270. Porter, Hayd. Rep. 1871, 481; Fl. Col. 27.
Rothr. Pl. Wheeler, 36.

A humilis. Geyer; Hook. in Lond. Journ. Bot. 6.211. Gray, Pl. Fendl. 2
Pl. Wright. 1.52. Walp. Ann. 1. 236.

A. cyaneus. Gray, Proc. Acad. Philad. 1865, 60.

A. simplicifolius. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 6.251. Watson, King’s Rep. 77 &
445, t.12, f. 3-9. Porter, Fl. Col. 29.

Phaca simplicifolia. Nutt.; Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1.550. Eat. & Wr. 350. Walp.
Rep. 1. 689. Dietr. 4. 1065. Hook. in Lond. Journ. Bot. 6. 215.
A. Sonore. Gray, Pl. Wright. 2.44; Proc. Am. Acad. 6.223. Walp. Ann.
4. 524. Watson, King’s Rep. 5. 443. Parry, Am. Naturalist, 9. 270.
A. Spaldingii. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 6. 524. Watson, King’s Rep. 5. 455.

A. chetodon. Torrey; Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 6.194. Torrey, Bot. Wilkes, 2
A. sparsiflorus. Gray, Proc. Acad. Philad. 1865, 60; Proc. Am. Acad. 6. 20
Watson, King’s Rep. 5. 439. Porter, Fl. Col. 26.

. Var. majusculus. Gray, ll. ce.

Go
On

75.
5.

A. speirocarpus. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 225; Bot. Calif. 1.152. Watson,
King’s Rep. 5. 74 & 444.
Var. falciformis. Gray, Bot. Calif. 1. 152.

A. stenophyllus. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 329. Walp. Rep. 1.698. Dietr. 4. 1079.
Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 6. 226. Watson, King’s Rep. 5. 444.

A. leptophyllus. Nutt. in Journ. Acad. Philad. 7.18. Eat. & Wr. 188.
A. subcompressus. Gray in Brandegee, Fl. 8. W. Col. 234
A. succumbens. Dougl.; Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am. 1. 151. Dei Mill. 2. 263. Torr.
& Gray, Fl. 1. 332. Eat. & Wr. 138. Walp. Rep.1.700. Dietr. 4.1080. Gray,
Ives’s Rep. 10; Proc. Am. Acad. 6. 200. Watson, King’s Rep. 5. 437. Torrey, Bot.
Wilkes, 276.

2 A. dorycnioides. Dougl.; Don, Mill. 2. 258. Walp. Rep. 2. 866. Dietr.
4. 1081.
A. tegetarius. Watson, King’s Rep. 5. 76 & 444, t.13. Coulter, Hayd. Rep.
1872, 764. Porter, Fl. Col. Appx. Rothr. Pl. Wheeler, 36.

Var. implexus. W. M. Canby in Porter, 1. ¢.

A. tener. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 6. 206 & 525; Bot. Calif. 1.146. Boland. Cat.
10. Watson, King’s Rep. 5. 437.

Phaca astragalina, var. B. Took. & Arn. Bot. Beechey, 334. Torr. & Gray, FI.
1. 694.

A. hypoglottis, var. strigosa. Kellogg, Proc. Calif. Acad. 2. 115, fig. 37.
A. tephrodes. Gray, Pl. Wright. 2. 45; Pl. Thurb. 300; Proc. Am. Acad. 6. 222.
Walp. Ann. 4. 525. Torrey, Mex. Bound. 56. Watson, King’s Rep. 5. 445.
A. Thompsone. Watson, Proc. Am. Acad. 10. 345. Gray, Bot. Calif. 1. 151.
A. Thurberi. Gray, Pl. Thurb. 312; Proc. Am. Acad. 6, 220. Walp. Ann. 4. 525.
Torrey, Mex. Bound. 56. Watson, King’s Rep. 5. 442.

202 LEGUMINOS 2. | Astragalus.

A. trichopodus. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 6. 218; Bot. Calif. 1.149. Boland. Cat.
to. Watson, King’s Rep. 5. 442.

Phaca trichopoda. Nutt.; Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 543. Eat. & Wr. 851. Walp. Rep.
1. 685.

A. tridactylicus. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 6.527. Watson, King’s Rep. 5. 445.
Porter, Fl. Col. 30.

¢ Phaca digitata. Torrey, Frem. Rep. 89.

A. triflorus. Gray, Pl. Wright. 2.45; Pl. Thurb. 299; Ives’s Rep. 10; Proc. Am.
Acad. 6.214. Torrey, Mex. Bound. 66. Watson, King’s Rep. 5. 440. Porter, Fl.
Col. 27. ;

Phaca triflora. DC. Astrag. 62, t.1; Prodr. 2. 273.

P. Candolliana. FBK. Nov. Gen. 6. 495, t. 586.

A. triphyllus. Pursh, 740. Poir. Suppl. 5.564. Bradbury, Cat. 338. Gray,
Proc. Am. Acad. 6. 232. Watson, King’s Rep. 5. 445.

Phaca cespitosa. Nutt. Genera, 2.98. James, Cat. 186. DC. Prodr. 2. 274.
Spreng. Syst. 3.292. Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am. 1. 148, t. 55; Lond. Journ. Bot. 6. 212.
Don, Mill. 2.248. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1.342. Torrey, Nicol. Rep. 149. Dietr.
4.1065. Engelm. Pl. Upp. Miss. 180.

P. argophylla. Nutt.; Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 842. Eat. & Wr. 350. Walp. Rep.
1. 689. Dietr. 4. 1065.

P. triphylla, Yat. & Wr. 351.

A. Utahensis. Torr. & Gray, Pac. R. Rep. 2. 120. Durand, Fl. Utah, 162. Gray,
Proc. Am. Acad. 6. 2138; Bot. Calif. 1.151. Walp. Ann. 7. 739. Watson, King’s
Rep. 5. 72 & 440; Pl. Wheeler, 7. Porter, Hayd. Rep. 1871, 481. Coulter, same,
1872, 764.

- Phaca mollissima, var. Utahensis. Torrey, Stansb. Rep. 385, t. 2 (Regensb. Flora,
36. 702). Walp. Ann. 4. 495.
A. vaccarum. Gray, Pl. Wright. 2.45; Proc. Am. Acad. 6.199. Walp. Ann.
4.524. Torrey, Mex. Bound. 56. Watson, King’s Rep. 5. 456.
A. ventorum. Gray; Watson in Am. Naturalist, 8. 212.
A. vestitus.

Phaca vestita. Benth. Bot. Sulph. 15. Walp. Rep. 2.517. (Lower California.)
A. villosus. Michx. F]. 2.67. Pursh, 473. Chapman, 98. Gray, Proc. Am.
Acad. 6. 208. Wood, Bot. & Fl. 94. Watson, King’s Rep. 5. 439.

Phaca villosa. Nutt. Genera, 2.97. Elliott, 2.225. DC. Prodr. 2. 274. Spreng.
Syst. 3. 292. Don, Mill. 2.248. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 849 in part. Eat. & Wr. 351.
Dietr. 4. 1064.

A. Webberi. Gray, Bot. Calif. 1. 154.

% Phaca 2 Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 694, under P. leucophylla.

A. Whitneyi. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 6. 526; Bot. Calif. 1. 148. Anderson, Cat.
Pl. Ney. 119. Watson, King’s Rep. 5. 441.
A. Wrightii. Gray, Pl. Lindh. 176; Pl. Wright. 1.51; Proc. Am. Acad. 6. 199;
Hall’s Pl. Texas, 7. Walp. Ann. 2. 376. Watson, King’s Rep. 5. 436.

A. 2 Torr. & Gray, Pac. R. Rep. 2.165. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 6. 233 &
254 (n. 1&4). Brandegee, Fl. 8. W. Col. 236.

Astragalus. Baptisia.]

Comp. Bot. Mag. I. 21.
Chapman, 112. Gray, Manual, 143.

A. adsurgens ; iodanthus.

agrestis ; hypoglottis.
arcticus ; Oxytropis Uralensis.
argophyllus ; glareosus.
Arthu-Schottii ; Coulteri.
Canadensis ; Mortoni.
carnosus ; caryocarpus, Sophora seri-
cea.
Carolinianus ; Canadensis.
Catalinensis ; didymocarpus.
cheetodon ; Spaldingii.
crassicarpus ; caryocarpus.
Crotalarice ; oocarpus.
cyaneus ; Shortianus.
cyrtoides ; Gibbsii.
debilis ; miser.
deflexcus ; Oxytropis deflexus.
densifolius ; Menziesii.
diaphanus ; lentiginosus.
diversifolius ; junceus.
dorycnioides ; succumbens.
Llliottii; obcordatus.
Jilifolius ; pictus.
Fremontii ; lentiginosus, malacus.
galegoides ; racemosus.
goniatus ; hypoglottis.
gracilis ; microlobus.
hians ; Oxytropis deflexa.
humilis; Shortianus.
hypoglottis ; adsurgens, tener.
mneptus ; lentiginosus.
Labradoricus ; alpinus.

Crotalaria alba. Linn. Spec. 716.

Sophora alba. Linn. Syst. 12 ed. 2. 287; Mant. 2. 440.
t. 54, f.5. Reich. Syst. 2. 242.
Willd. Spec. 2. 505.
Persoon, 1. 453. Pursh, 508.
B. australis. R. Br. in Ait. f. Hort. Kew.
Spreng. Syst. 2. 347.
Rep. 284. Don, Mill. 2.113. Spach, Hist. Veg. 1. 166. Hook. Comp. Bot. Mag.
1.21. Maund, Bot. Gard. 12, t. 567.
Engelm. in Wis]. Rep. 3. Chapman, 112.

Podalyria alba.

6.
Torrey, Ann. Lyc. 1

Torr. & Gray, FI. 1. 385.
Gray, Manual, 145.

LEGUMINOS.&. 203

*

A, Lamberti; Oxytropis Lamberti.

Laxmanni; adsurgens.

leptophyllus ; stenophyllus.

leucophyllus ; arrectus.

melanocarpus ; Missouriensis.

Mexicanus ; Plattensis.

micranthus ; Nuttallianus.

multicaulis ; pubentissimus.

nigrescens ; didymocarpus, multifio-
rus, Oxytropis nigrescens.

pachycarpus ; caryocarpus.

Parryi; malacus.

pauciflorus ; alpinus, leptaleus.

pictus ; Hookerianus.

retroflexus ; Oxytropis deflexa.

Robbinsii ; alpinus.

secundus ; alpinus.

Shortianus ; cyaneus.

Sonore ; Arizonicus.

spicatus ; Mortoni.

striatus ; adsurgens.

succulentus ; caryocarpus.

succumbens ; Parryi.

tenellus ; multiflorus.

Tennesseensis ; Plattensis.

trichocalyx ; Mexicanus.

trichocarpus ; Nuttallianus.

tristis ; Mortoni.

Uralensis ; Oxytropis Uralensis.

vaginatus ; Halli.

7; Halli, leptaleus, mollissi-

mus.

BAPTISIA alba. R. Br. in Ait. f. Hort. Kew. 3.6. Elliott, 1. 468. DC. Prodr.
2.100. Spreng. Syst. 2. 348. Don, Mill. 2.114. Spach, Hist. Vég. 1.166. Hook.
Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 386. Eat. & Wr. 154. Dietr. 2. 1500.

Hill, Veg. Syst. 22,

Walter, 134. Ait. Hort. Kew. 2. 45.
Michx. Fl. 1. 264.

Poir. Dict. 5. 441.

Elliott, 1. 468. DC. Prodr. 2. 100.
War2) 1745) RLON. Yo UL88)eiMiancyes

Dietr. 2. 1500.

Sophora australis. Linn. Syst. 12 ed. 2.287; Mant. 2.578. Ait. Hort. Kew.

2.45. Sims, Bot. Mag. t. 509.

Sophora alba, var. Murr. Comm. Gott. 1. 96, t.6. Reich. Syst. 4. 642.

Sophora cerulea. Trew, Pl. Rar. 6, t. 14.

204 LEGUMINOS&. [Baptisia.

Podalyria australis. Willd. Spec. 2. 503. Vent. Hort. Cels, t. 56. Poir. Dict.
5. 441. Persoon, 1. 453.

Podalyria cerulea. Michx. Fl. 1. 264. Pursh, 307.

Baptisia exaltata. Sweet, Brit. Fl. Gard. t. 97. Don, Mill. 2. 113. Dietr. 2. 1500.
Walp. Rep. 1. 564.

@ B. versicolor. Wodd. Bot. Cab. t. 1144.

¢ B. confusa. Sweet; Don, Mill. 2.115. Dietr. 2.1500. Walp. Rep. 1. 564.

B. cerulea. Fat. & Wr. 154.

B. Texana. Buckley, Proc. Acad. Phil. 1861, 452; fide Gray, same, 1862, 163.

Var. minor. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 385. Walp. Rep. 1. 563.
B. minor. Lehm. Ind. Sem. Hamb. 1827, 16; Pug. Pl. 1. 8 (Act. Acad. Leop.
14. 803). Don, Mill. 2. 113 & 468. Dietr. 2. 1500.

B. lanceolata. Elliott, 1.467. DC. Prodr. 2.100. Don, Mill. 2.113. Torr. &
Gray, Fl. 1. 384. Eat. & Wr. 154. Dietr. 2. 1499. Walp. Rep. 1. 563. Chapman,
111. Wood, Bot. & Fl. 84.

Sophora lanceolata. Walter, 135.

Podalyria uniflora. Michx. Fl. 1.263. Persoon, 1. 453, Pursh, 807. Poir.
Suppl. 4. 442.

Podalyria lanceolata. Poir. Dict. 5. 445.

B. uniflora. Spreng. Syst. 2. 347. Hook. Comp. Bot. Mag. 1. 21.

B. Lecontei. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1.886. Walp. Rep. 1.563. Chapman, 111.
Wood, Bot. & Fl. 85.

B. leucantha. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 885; Pac. R. Rep. 2. 126. Walp. Rep. 1. 563.
Torrey, Frem. Rep. 89; Emory’s Rep. 408. Parry, Pl. Minn. 611. Engelm. Pl.
Upp. Miss. 190. Chapman, 112. Gray, Manual, 143.
Podalyria alba. Sims, Bot. Mag. t.1177. James, Long’s Exped. 1. 63.
Baptisia alba. Took. Fl. Bor.-Am. 1. 129.

B. leucophza. Nutt. Genera, 1. 282, & Add. James, Cat. 181. DC. Prodr. 2. 100.
Spreng. Syst. 2. 848. Torrey, Ann. Lyc. N. Y. 2.174; Marcy’s Rep. 284. Don,
Mill. 2.113. Hook. Comp. Bot. Mag. 1.21. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 385. Eat. & Wr.
154. Dietr. 2.1500. Scheele, Roem. Texas, 428. Parry, Pl. Minn. 611. Engelm. Pl.
Upp. Miss. 190. Chapman, 112. Gray, Manual, 143. Hook. f. Bot. Mag. t. 5900.

Podalyria bracteata. Muhl. Cat. 2 ed. 42.

B. bracteata. Elliott, 1. 469. Spreng. Neue Entdeck. 2. 196; Syst. 2.548. DC.
Prodr. 2. 100. Don, Mill. 2.118. Eat. & Wr. 154. Dietr. 2. 1500.

Var. leevicaulis. Gray, Hall’s Pl. Texas, 7.

B. megacarpa. Chapman; Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 886. Walp. Rep. 1. 565. Chap-
man, 111. Wood, Bot. & FI. 85.

B. microphylla. Nutt. in Journ. Acad. Philad. 7.97. Torr. & Gray, FI. 1. 385.
Eat. & Wr. 154. Walp. Rep. 1. 563. Chapman, 111. Wood, Bot. & FI. 84.

B. stipulacea. Ravenel, Proc. Ell. Soc. 1856, t. 2; Torrey, Bulletin, 6. 81. Chap-
man, 111.

B. perfoliata. R. Br. in Ait. f. Hort. Kew. 3.5. Elliott. 1. 467. DC. Prodr.
2. 100. Lodd. Bot. Cab. t. 1104 Spreng. Syst. 2. 347. Hook. Bot. Mag.
t. 3121. Don, Mill: 2.118. Spach, Hist. Vege. 1.167. Torr: & Gray, Fl. 1. 383:
Eat. & Wr. 154. Dietr. 2.1499. Chapman, 110. Wood, Bot. & Fl. 84. Ravenel
& Gray, Am. Journ. Sci. 3. 2. 462 (Trim. Journ. Bot. 10. 84).

Crotolaria perfoliata. Linn. Spee. 714. Hill, Veg. Syst. 21, t. 9, f. 2. Lam. Dict.
2.194. Ait. Hort. Kew. 3.18. Nouv. Duham. 4. 192. Persoon, 2. 283.

Baptisia. Cesalpinia_] LEGUMINOS&. 205

2 Lathyrus Americanus. Mill. Dict.; DC. Prodr. 2. 376. Don, Mill. 2. 337. Dietr.
4, 1119.

Sophora perfoliata. Walter, 135.

Rafnia perfoliata. Willd. Spee. 3. 949.

Podalyria perfoliata. Michx. Fl. 1. 263. Poir. Suppl. 4. 442. Persoon, 1. 453.
Pursh, 307.
B. Serene. Curtis, Am. Journ. Sci. 2. 7. 406 (Bot. Zeit. 8. 530). Walp. Ann.
2.507. Chapman, 112. Wood, Bot. & Fl. 85. Ravenel in Torrey Bulletin, 6. 81.
B. simplicifolia. Croom, Am. Journ. Sci. 1. 25. 74 & 28. 167. Nutt. in Journ.
Acad. Philad. 7.96. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1.583. Eat. & Wr. 154. Walp. Rep. 1. 563.
Chapman, 110. Wood, Bot. & Fl. 84.

B.spherocarpa. Nutt. in Journ. Acad. Philad. 7.97. Torr. & Gray, FI. 1. 384.
Eat. & Wr. 154. Walp. Rep. 1.563. Scheele, Roem. Texas, 428. Gray, Hall’s
Pl. Texas, 7. Young, Fl. Texas, 241.

B. tinctoria. R. Br. in Ait. f. Hort. Kew. 3.6. Nutt. Genera, 1.282. Barton,
Fl. N. Am. 1,t.29. Elliott, 1.467. Lodd. Bot. Cab. t.588. Torrey, Fl. U.S.
441; Fl. N. Y.1.187. DC. Prodr. 2.100. Spreng. Syst. 2. 348. Raf. Med. Bot.
1. 79, f 14. Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am. 1. 129. Don, Mill. 2. 114. Beck, Bot. 77.
Spach, Hist. Veg. 1.166. Lindl. Fl. Med. 238. Darling. FI. Cestr. 404. Torr.
& Gray, Fl. 1. 386. Eat. & Wr. 154. Dietr. 2. 1500. Chapman, 111. Gray, Man-
ual, 143.

Sophora tinctoria. Linn. Spec. 873. Hill, Veg. Syst. 22, t. 54, f 3. Walter, 154.
Ait. Hort. Kew. 2. 45.

Podalyria tinctoria. Lam. Ill. 2. 471, t. 327, f. 1. Willd. Spec. 2. 503. Michx.
Fl. 1. 265. Poir. Dict. 5. 442. Persoon, 1. 453. Sims, Bot. Mag. t. 1099. Pursh,
308. Bigel. Fl. Bost. 170. Elliott, 1. 467. :

B. villosa. Nutt. Genera, 1. 281. Elliott, 1.468. DC. Prodr. 2.100. Spreng.
Syst. 2. 348. Don, Mill. 2.114. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 3884. Eat. & Wr. 154. Dietr.
2.1500. Chapman, 111. Gray, Manual, 680. Wood, Bot. & Fl. 84.

Sophora villosa. Walter, 154.

Podalyria villosa. Michx. Fl. 1. 264. Poir. Dict. 5. 445; Suppl. 4. 442. Persoon,
1. 453. Pursh, 3807.

B. alba ; Jeucantha. B. mollis; Thermopsis mollis & fraxini-
bracteata ; leucophea. folia.
cerulea, confusa & exaltata; australis. stipulacea ; microphylla.
Jraxinifolia; Thermopsis — fraxini- Texana; australis.
folia. uniflora ; lanceolata.
minor; australis. versicolor; australis.

BAUHINIA lunarioides. Gray in herb. ined.
Casparea, n. sp. Torrey, Mex. Bound. 59.

CZISALPINIA Bonduc. Benth. & Hook. Genera, 1. 566.
Guilandina Bonduc, Linn. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 397.
G. Bonducella, Linn. Griseb. Fl. Brit. W. Ind. 204.

C. Mexicana. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 5.157. (Northern Mexico.)

C. putcurerrima, Swartz. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1.397. Torrey, Mex. Bound. 60.
Seem. Bot. Herald, 281.

206 LEGUMINOS&. [Calliandra. Cassia.

CALLIANDRA Californica. Benth. Bot. Sulph. 14, t.11; Lond. Journ. Bot.
3.105; Rev. Mim. in Trans. Linn. Soc. 30. 552. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 5. 157.
(Lower California.)
C. conferta. Benth. in Gray, Pl. Wright. 1.63; Rev. Mim. 546. Gray, Pl. Wright. ©
2.53. Walp. Ann. 4. 634.
C. eriophylla. Benth. in Lond. Journ. Bot. 5. 105; Rev. Mim. 552.
C. Chamedrys. Engelm. in Gray, Pl. Fendl. 39. Walp. Ann. 2.458. Gray, PI.
Wright. 1. 63 & 2. 52. Torrey, Mex. Bound. 61.
C. humilis. Benth. in Lond. Journ. Bot. 5. 103; Rev. Mim. 552; Seem. Bot. Her-
ald, 282. Gray, Pl. Wright. 2.55. Torrey, Pac. R. Rep. 4. 82; Mex. Bound. 6r.
Acacia humilis. Schlecht. in Linnea, 12. 567.

C. herbacea. Engelm. in Gray, Pl. Fendl. 39. Walp. Ann. 2. 458. Gray, Pl. 5

Wright. 1.65. Torrey, Mex. Bound. 6r.
C. Portoricensis. Benth. |. c. 3. 99, & Rev. Mim. 545, with syn.

Var. Torrey, Mex. Bound. 61. (Sonora.)
C. reticulata. Gray, Pl. Wright. 2. 53. Walp. Ann. 4. 634. Torrey, Mex.
Bound. 61. Benth. Rev. Mim. 550.
CANAVALIA obtusifolia. DC. Prodr. 2. 404, with syn. Benth. in Mart. Fl.
Bras. 151. 178, t. 48, with syn. Chapman, 109.
CASSIA armata. Watson, Proc. Am. Acad. 11. 136. Brew. & Wats. Bot. Calif.
LG:
C. Bahamensis. Mill. Dict. n.9. Benth. Rev. Cass. in Trans. Linn. Soe. 27. 541.
Gray, Am. Journ. Sci. 3. 5. 577.

C. angustisiliqua. Torr. & Gray, FI. 1. 396, not Lam. Chapman, 114.

C. bauhinioides. Gray, Pl. Lindh. 180; Pl. Wright. 1. 59 & 2.80; Am. Journ.

Sci. 3. 3.377. Walp. Ann. 2.444. Torr. & Gray, Pac. R. Rep. 2.163. Torrey,
Mex. Bound. 59. Benth. Rey. Cass. 529.

C. biflora. Linn. Spee. 878. See syn. in Benth. Rey. Cass. 543. — Torr. & Gray,
Fl. 1.395. Chapman, 114. Griseb. Fl. Brit. W. Ind. 208. Gray, Am. Journ. Sci.

9 9 OF
Vv. 9. 010.

C. calycioides. DC.; Collodon, Hist. Cass. 125, t.20,B. DC. Prodr. 2. 503.
Benth. in Mart. Fl. Bras. 15!. 160, t. 43, f 2; Rev. Cass. 569. Gray, Am. Journ.
Sci. 3. 3. 378. .
C. Chamecrista. Linn. Spec. 379. Lam. Dict. 1. 650. Walter, 156. Ait. Hort.
Kew. 2.53. Sims, Bot. Mag. t. 107. Willd. Spec. 2.528. Michx. Fl. 1. 262:
Persoon, 1. 459. Smith in Abbot’s Insects, t. 94 Pursh, 306. Bigel. Fl. Bost.
171. Collod. Hist. Cass. 129, with syn. Elliott, 1.478. Torrey, Fl. U.S. 439;
Ann. Lye. N. Y. 2.194; Fl. N. Y. 1.190; Frem. Rep. 89; Emory’s Rep. 139 & 408;
Marcy’s Rep. 285; Mex. Bound. 59. DC. Prodr. 2. 503. Vogel, Syn. Cass. 62.
Don, Mill. 2. 447. Beck, Bot. 94. Hook. Comp. Bot. Mag. 1. 24. Darling. FI. Cestr.
33. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1.395. Wat. & Wr. 184. Dietr. 2.1489. Walp. Rep. @

1. 835. Gray, Pl. Fendl. 38; Manual, 144; Am. Journ. Sci. 3. 3. 378. Bertol. Bot. —
Mise. 11.19. Richard. Arct. Exped. 424. Parry, Pl. Minn. 611. Engelm. Pl. Upp. —
Miss. 190. Chapman, 115. Benth. Rev. Cass. 576; Mart. Fl. Bras. 151. 172, with —
syn. Porter, Fl. Col. 33.

C. pulchella. Salisb. Prodr. 326.

C. fasciculata. Michx. Fl. 1. 262. Persoon, 1. 459. Poir. Dict. 2. 129. Pursh,
306. Collod. Hist. Cass. 129. Elliott, 1.473. Torrey, Fl. U. S. 440. DC. Prodr.

Cassia.] . LEGUMINOSZ. 207

2. 502. Spreng. Syst. 2.341. Don, Mill. 2.447. Beck, Bot. 94. Eat. & Wr. 184.
Dietr. 2. 1488.
Xamacrista triflora. Raf. Sylv. Tellur. 127.
Var. cinerea. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1.596, excl. syn. Engelm. & Gray, Pl. Lindh. 34.

Qs

C. Covesii. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 7. 399; Am. Journ. Sci. 3. 3.377. Watson,
Pl. Wheeler, 8. Brew. & Wats. Bot. Calif. 1. 161.
C. grammica. Spreng. Neue Entdeck. 5. 55. Benth. Rev. Cass. 572. Gray, Am.
Journ. Sci. 3. 3. 578.

C. lineata, var. brachyloba. Griseb. Mem. Am. Acad. 8. 179.
C. Gregegii. Gray, Pl. Wright. 1. 59; Am. Journ. Sci. 3. 3. 378. Walp. Ann. 4.599,
Benth. Rey. Cass. 575.
C. leptocarpa. Benth. in Linnea, 22. 528; Mart. Fl. Bras. 15!. 112; Rev. Cass.
531. Walp. Ann. 4.599. Gray, Am. Journ. Sci. 3. 3. 377.
C. Lindheimeriana. Scheele in Linnea, 21.457. Gray, Pl. Lindh. 179; PL.
Wright. 1.59; Am. Journ. Sci. 3. 38. 377. Walp. Ann. 2. 443. -Torrey, Pac. R. Rep.
7.10; Mex. Bound. 59. Benth. Rev. Cass. 550.

C. Marylandica. Linn. Spec. 378. Medicus, Bot. Beobacht. 1782, 338. Lam.
Dict. 1.648. Walter, 185. Ait. Hort. Kew. 2.53. Willd. Spec. 2.524. Michx.
Fl. 1. 261. Barton, Bot. Appx. 27, t.17. Persoon, 1. 458. Schkuhr, Handb. 1. 355,
€.113. Pursh, 306. Collad. Hist. Cass.111. Barton f. Mat. Med. t.12. Nutt.
Genera, 1. 280. Bigel. Med. Bot. 2. 166, t. 39; Fl. Bost. 2 ed. 171. Elliott, 1. 473.
Torrey, Fl. U.S. 1. 489; Fl. N. Y. 1. 189. DC. Prodr. 2. 498. Spreng. Syst. 2. 337.
Raf. Bot. Med. 1. 93, f. 18. Don, Mill. 2. 445. Beck, Bot. 94. Spach, Hist. Veg.
1.115. Vogel, Syn. Cass. 32. Darling. Fl. Cestr. 439. Lindl. Fl. Med. 261. Torr.
& Gray, Fl. 1.395. Eat. & Wr. 183. Dictr. 2. 1485. Walp. Rep. 1. 821. Gray, Pl.
Fendl. 38; Manual, 144; Am. Journ. Sci. 3. 3.377. Chapman, 114. Lesqx. Fl.
Ark. 358. Benth. Rev. Cass. 534.

C. ligustrina, Linn. Spec. 378, in part (syn. Gron.). Pursh, 306. Elliott, 1. 472.
Eat. & Wr. 184. Excluded by Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 396, and Gray, 1. c.

C’. acuminata. Moench, Meth. 273.

C. reflexa. . Salisb. Prodr. 326.

C. nictitans. Linn. Spec. 380. Lam. Dict. 1. 651. Roth, Beyt. Bot. 1. 90; Catal.
Bot. 2.42; Neue Beyt. Bot. 1.201. Koen. & Sims, Ann. Bot. 2. 80. Walter, 135.
Willd. Spec. 2. 529. Michx. Fl. 1.262. Persoon, 1. 459. Pursh, 307. Collad.
Hist. Cass. 128. Elliott, 1.474. James, Long’s Exped. 3. 19. Torrey, Fl. U.S.
440; Fl. N. Y. 1.190; Mex. Bound. 59. DC. Prodr. 2. 503. Spreng. Syst. 2. 342.
Don, Mill. 2. 447. Beck, Bot. 94. Hook. Comp. Bot. Mag. 1. 24. Vogel, Syn.
Cass. 62. Darling. Fl. Cestr. 432. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 396. Bigel. Fl. Bost. 3 ed.
181. Eat. & Wr. 184. Dietr. 2.1489. Walp. Rep. 1. 834. Gray, Pl. Wright.
I. §9; Manual, 144; Am. Journ. Sci. 3. 3. 378. Griseb. Fl. Brit. W. Ind. 211. Chap-
man, 115. Benth. Rev. Cass. 578.

C. procumbens. Linn. Spec. 380, excl. hab.; not herb. Lam. Dict. 1. 651.
Willd. Spec. 2. 530. Roth, Catal. Bot. 2. 42; Neue Beyt. Bot. 1. 201. Pursh, 307.
DC. Prodr. 2. 504. Spreng. Syst. 2. 343. Colla, Hort. Ripul. Appx. 4. 40. Eat. &
Wr. 184. Dictr. 2. 1490.

Grimaldia assurgens & decumbens. Schrank, Denkschr. Miinch. Akad. 1808, 110 &
111, t. 4, 5.

C. diffusa. DC. in Mem. Soc. Gen. 2. 130; Prodr. 2. 504.

C. smaragdina. Macfad. FI. Jam. 1. 347.

Nictitella amena. Raf. Syly. Tellur. 128.

208 LEGUMINOS&. [Cassia. Centrosema.

Var. aspera. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1.596. Chapman, 115.

C. aspera. Muhl. Cat. 42. Elliott, 1.474. Spreng. Neue Entdeck. 2. 196;

Syst. 2. 542. Don, Mill. 2.449. Vogel, Syn. Cass. 67. Eat. & Wr. 184. Dietr.
2.1490. Walp. Rep. 1. 837.
C. occidentalis. Linn. Spec. 377. See syn. in Collad. Hist. Cass. 107; Vogel,
Syn. Cass. 21, & Linnea, 15. 68; Benth. Rev. Cass. 552.— Michx. Fl. 1. 261.
Pursh, 505. Ker, Bot. Reg. t. 83. Elliott, 1. 471. Torrey, Ann. Lye. N. Y. 2. 194.
Audubon, Birds, t. 35. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1.394. Eat. & Wr. 184. Walp. Rep.
1. 816. Chapman, 114. Gray, Manual, 144; Am. Journ. Sci. 8. 3.377; Hall’s Pl.
Texas, 7.

C. Caroliniana. Walter, 135. ;

C. linearis. Michx. Fl. 1. 261. Persoon, 1. 457. ‘Poir. Suppl. 2. 126. Pursh,
306. Collad. Hist. Cass. 108. Elliott, 1.472. DC. Prodr. 2.497. Spreng. Syst.
2. 338. Don, Mill. 2. 443. Vogel, Syn. Cass. 44. Eat. & Wr. 184. Dietr. 2. 1485.
Walp. Rep. 1. 826.

C. ciliata. Raf. Fl. Lud. 100.

Ditremexa Caroliniana & fitida, Raf. Sylv. Tellur. 127.

C. procumbens. Linn. herb.; Spec. 2 ed. 543, in part. Benth. Rev. Cass. 578.
Gray, Am. Journ. Sci. 3. 3. 378.

C. pygmea. DC. in Mem. Soc. Gen. 2. 130; Prodr. 2. 502.

C. chamecristoides. Collad. Hist. Cass. 134. Torrey, Mex. Bound. 59.

C.. Texana. Buckley, Proc. Acad. Phil. 1861, 452; fide Gray, same, 1862, 163.
C. pumilio. Gray, Pl. Lindh. 180; Pl. Wright. 1.59 & 2. 50; Am. Journ. Sci.

3. 3.377. Walp. Ann. 2. 444. Torr. & Gray, Pac. R. Rep. 2. 163. Torrey, Mex.

Bound. 59. Benth. Rev. Cass. 529.

C. Remeriana. Scheele, Linnea, 21.457. Gray, Pl. Lindh. 180; Pl. Wright.
1.59 & 2. 50; Am. Journ. Sci. 3. 3.377; Hall’s Pl. Texas, 7. Walp. Ann. 2. 443.
Torr. & Gray, Pac. R. Rep. 2. 163. Torrey, same, 4.82; Mex. Bound. 59. Benth.
Rev. Cass. 529.
C. Tora. Linn. Spec. 376. See syn. in Collad. Hist. Cass. 96; Benth. Rev. Cass.
535. — Walter, 185. Pursh, 305. Elliott, 1.471. Hook. Comp. Bot. Mag. 1. 24.
Eat. & Wr. 184. Gray, Am. Journ. Sci. 5. 5. 577. Z

C. obtusifolia. Lim. Spec. 877. Collad. Hist. Cass. 95, with syn. DC. Prodr.
2.495. Vogel, Syn. Cass. 24. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 394. Griseb. Fl. Brit. W. Ind.
209. Torrey, Mex. Bound. 59.. Chapman, 114. Smith, Proc. Acad. Philad. 1867,
19. Gray, Manual, 144; Hall’s Pl. Texas, 7.

GC. humilis. Collad. Hist. Cass. 96, with syn. DC. Prodr. 2. 495. Don, Mill.
2.439. Bertol. Bot. Mise. 11. 18.

C. toroides. Raf. Med. Bot. 1. 96. Diallobus faleatus. Raf. Sylv. Tellur. 128.
C. Wislizeni. Gray, Pl. Wright. 1. 60 & 2. 50; Am. Journ. Sci. 3. 3.378. Walp.
Ann. 4. 599. Torrey, Mex. Bound. 59. Benth. Rey. Cass. 547. o
C. Wrightii. Gray, Pl. Wright. 2.50; Am. Journ. Sci. 3. 3. 378. Walp. Ann.
4.599. Torrey, Mex. Bound. 59. Benth. Rey. Cass. 571.
CENTROSEMA Puvmiert, Benth. Torr. & Gray, Hl. 1. 290. Eat. & Wr. 188.

Clitoria Plumieri, Turp. Nutt. Genera, 2. 18. ,

Vevillaria Plumiera. Eat. & Wr. 475.
C. Virginianum. Benth. in Ann. Mus. Vind. 2. 120. See syn. in Benth., Mart.
Fl. Bras. 151. 182; Griseb. Fl. Brit. W. Ind. 193. — Hook. Comp. Bot. Mag. 1. 22.
Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1.290. Eat. & Wr. 187. Dietr. 4.1170. Torrey, Mex. Bound.
50. Chapman, 107. Gray, Manual, 141; Hall’s Pl. Texas, 7.

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Centrosema. Cicer.] LEGUMINOSZ. 209

Clitoria Virginiana. Linn. Spec. 753. Hill, Veg. Syst. 22, t. 9, f. 1. Lam. Dict.
2.51. Walter, 186. Ait. Hort. Kew. 3.56. Swartz, Obs. Bot. 282. Willd. Spee.
3. 1069. Michx. FI. 2.62. Persoon, 2. 302. Pursh, 487. Elliott, 2.240. DC.
Prodr. 2. 234. Spreng. Syst. 8.256. Torrey, Ann. Lyc. N. Y. 2.176; Compend.
271. Lindl. Bot. Reg. 13, t. 1047. Don, Mill. 2.215. Beck, Bot. $1. Spach, Hist.
Veg. 1. 245.

Clitoria calearigera. Salisb. Parad. Lond. t. 51.

Bradburia scandens & % erecta. Raf. Fl. Lud. 104. Poir. in Lam. Ill. 3. 677.
Spreng. Syst. 3. 255

Vexillaria Virginiana. Eaton, Manual, 1 ed. 83. James, Long’s Exped. 5. 33.
Eat. & Wr. 473.

Clitoria Se, Bertol. Bot. Mise. 9. 12, t. 5 (Bot. Zeit. 9. 902) ; fide Gray,
Am. Journ. Sci. 2. 14. 115.

Var. angustifolium. Griseb. Fl. Brit. W. Ind. 193.

CERCIS Canadensis. Linn. Spec. 3874. DuRoi, Obs. Bot. 10. Marshall, Ar-
bust. 32. Lam. Dict. 2.586. Walter, 135. Ait. Hort. Kew. 2.47. Willd. Spec.
2.508. Nouv. Duham. 1.19. Michx. Fl. 1.265. Persoon, 1. 454. Pursh, 308.
Elliott, 1.470. James, Long’s Exped. 1.317 & 3.4. Torrey, Fl. U.S. 441; Ann.
Liye. N. Y. 2.194; FI. N. Y. 1.188; Nicol. Rep. 149; Emory’s Rep. 408. DC.
Prodr. 2. 518. Spreng. Syst. 2. 346. Guimp. Otto & Hayne, t. 92. Hook. FI. Bor.-
Am. 1. 167; Comp. Bot. Mag. 1. 24. Don, Mill. 2. 463. Beck, Bot. 94. Spach,
Hist. Veg. 1.129. Darling. Fl. Cestr. 485. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 392. Eat. & Wr.
190. Dietr. 2.1515. Loud. Arbor. 2. 659, t. 101, 103. Gray, Pl. Fendl. 38;
Manual, 144. Richard. Arct. Exped. 424. Parry, Pl. Minn. 611. Engelm. PI.
Upp. Miss. 190. Curtis, Bot. N. Car. 50. Lesqx. Fl. Ark. 357. Chapman, 114.
Baillon, Hist. Pl. 2. 121.
Siliquastrum cordatum. Moench, Meth. 54.

C. occidentalis, Torrey; Gray, Pl. Lindh. 177, excl. var. Walp. Ann. 2. 440.
Torr. & Gray, Pac. R. Rep. 2. 163. Torrey, same, 4. 82; Mex. Bound. 58; Bot.
Wilkes, 283, t. 3. Boland. Cat. 10. Brew. & Wats. Bot. Calif. 1. 160.

C. siliquastrum, var. Benth. Pl. Hartw. 307.

C. Californica. Torrey; Benth. Pl. Hartw. 361.

Var. Texensis.

C. occidentalis, var. Gray, Pl. Lindh. 177. Walp. Ann. 2. 440. Brew. & Wats.
Bot. Calif. 1. 161.

C. reniformis. Engelm.; Scheele, Roem. Texas, 428.

C. occidentalis. Gray, Hall’s Pl. Texas, 7.
CHZjTOCALYX Schottii. Torrey, Mex. Bound. 56,t.18. Benth. & Hook.
Gen. Pl. 1. 515.

Nissolia Schottii. Gray, Proc. Linn. Soc. 5. 25.
C. Wislizeni. Gray, Pl. Wright. 1. 51 & 2:45. Walp. Ann. 4. 489. Torrey,
Mex. Bound. 56, t. 18, fig. 5-7. Benth. & Hook. 1. c.

Nissolia Wislizent. Gray, Proc. Linn. Soe. 5. 26.
CHAPMANIA Floridana. Torr. & Gray, FI. 1. 355 & 694. Benth. in Trans.

Linn. Soe. 18. 155.° Eat. & Wr. 191. Dietr. 4.1181. Chapman, 100. Wood, Bot.
& Fl. 87. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 11. 103.

CICER arietinum, Linn. Eat. & Wr.196. Gray, Pl. Fendl. 30; Pl. Wright.
2.52. Torrey, Stansb. Rep. 385. Durand, Fl. Utah, 161.
14

210 LEGUMINOS®. [Cladrastis. Crotalaria.

ee ee tinctoria. Raf. Fl. Kent. 1824; Neog. 1825; Med. Fl. 2. 210; 4

New Sylv. 3. 83. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1.390. Chapman, 115. Gray, Manual, 143.

Virgilia nee Michx. f. Arbr. Amer. 3. 266, t. 3. Pursh, 309. Nutt. Genera,
1. 284. oe Herb. Amat. t.297. DC. Prodr. 2.98. Spreng. Syst. 42. 171.
Don, Mill. 2.112. Spach, Hist. Veg. 1.163. Eat. & Wr. 480. Dietr. 2. 1501.
Loud. Arbor. 2. 565, t. 78.

CLITORIA Mariana. Linn. Spec. 753. Hill, Veg. Syst. 22,t.9,f2. Lam.
Dict. 2. 51. Walter, 186. Willd. Spec. 3. 1070. Michx. Fl. 2.62. Persoon, 2. 303.
Ait. f. Hort. Kew. 4. 301. Pursh, 487. Nutt. Genera, 2.118. Elliott, 2. 241. DC.
Prodr. 2. 234. Spreng. Syst. 3. 256. Torrey, Compend. 271; Fl. N. Y. 1. 163, t. 24;
Marcy’s Rep. 284. Don, Mill. 2.215. Beck, Bot. 80. Hook. Comp. Bot. Mag.
1.22. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1.290. Dietr. 4.1166. Gray, Pl. Lindh. 170; Manual,
141; Hall’s Pl. Texas, 7. Benth. Journ. Linn. Soc. 2. 38, with syn. Lesqx. Fl.
Ark. 357. Chapman, 107.

C. Mexicana. Link, Enum. 2. 235, fide Benth. 1.¢c. DC. Prodr. 2. 284. Don,
Mill. 2.215. Dietr. 4.1116. Benth. Pl. Hartw. 60.

Verillaria Mariana. Eaton, Manual, 1 ed. 83. Eat. & Wr. 473.

COLOGANIA angustifolia. Kunth, Mimos. 209, t. 58. DC. Prodr. 2. 237
Dietr. 4. 1166. Benth. Pl. Hartw. 287. Gray, Pl. Wright. 1. 45.

C. longifolia. Gray, Pl. Wright. 2. 85. Walp. Ann. 4. 551. Torrey, Mex.
Bound. 51.

C. pulchella. HBK. Nov. Gen. 6. 414, DC. Prodr. 2. 237. Schlecht. in Lin-
nea, 12. 287. Dietr. 4.1166. Gray, Pl. Wright. 1. 45 & 2.34° Torrey, Mex.
Bound. 51.

COURSETIA (?) glandulosa. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 5.156. (Lower Cali-
fornia.)

CRACCA Edwardsii. Gray, Pl. Wright. 2.35. Walp. Ann. 4. 481.
C. 2 Benth. in Vidensk. Medd. Kjébenh. 1855, 9. Walp. Ann. 4. 480.

CROTALARIA lupulina. Raf. Spece. Sci. 1.159. DC. Prodr. 2. 153. Seem.
Bot. Herald, 279. Gray, Pl. Wright. 1. 53 & 2.49; Proc. Am. Acad. 5.157. Tor-
rey, Mex. Bound. 57. — Referred to C. pumila by Grisebach, Fl. Brit. W. Ind. 179.
C. ovalis. Pursh, 469. Poir. Suppl. 5. 635. Nutt. Genera, 2. 94. Elliott, 2. 194.
DC. Prodr. 2. 124. Spreng. Syst. 3. 238. Don, Mill. 2. 134. Hook..Comp. Bot.
Mag. 1.21. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1.370. Eat. & Wr. 218. A.DC. Not. Pl. Rar.
Gen. 8. 22. Dietr. 4.927. Chapman, 89. Wood, Bot. & FI. 90. Gray, Hall’s
Pl. Texas, 7.

Anonymos rotundifolia. Walter, 181.

C. sayittalis, var. ovalis. Michx. Fl. 2. 55.

C. rotundifolia. Poir. Suppl. 2. 402. Spreng. Syst. 38. 257.

C. Hookeriana. A. DC. Not. Pl. Rar. Gen. 8. 25.

C. pumila. Orteg. Dec. 2. 23. DC. Prodr. 2. 132. Griseb. Fl. Brit. W. Ind. 179,
with syn.

C. Purshii. DC. Prodr. 2. 124. Spreng. Syst. 3.238. Don, Mill. 2.154. Torr. &
Gray, Fl. 1. 370. Dietr. 4. 927. Chapman, 89. Wood, Bot. & Fl. 90.

C. parviflora. Pursh, 469, not Roth. Elliott, 2. 293. DC. Prodr. 2. 124. Spreng.
Syst. 3. 238. Torrey, Compend. 262. Don, Mill. 2.134. Beck, Bot.77. Curtis,
Journ. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist. 1.120. Eat. & Wr. 215.

? C. levigata. Pursh, 469, not Lam. Poir. Suppl. 5. 635. Eat. & Wr. 219.

;
4

Crotalaria. Dalea.] LEGUMINOS 2. Dall

C. sagittalis. Linn. Spec. 714. Lam. Dict. 2.195. Ait. Hort. Kew. 3. 18. Michx.
Fl. 2. 55. Persoon, 2. 283. Pursh, 469. Elliott, 2.193. Bigel. Fl. Bost. 267. DC.
Prodr. 2. 124. Spreng. Syst. 3.238. Torrey, Compend. 262; Fl. N. Y. 1. 185;
Mex. Bound. 57. Don, Mill. 2.154. Beck, Bot. 77. Hook. Comp. Bot. Mag. 1. 21.
Darling. Fl. Cestr. 404. Schlecht. in Linnea, 12.278. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 870.
Fat. & Wr. 213. Dietr. 4.927. Seem. Bot. Herald, 279. Gray, Pl. Wright. 2. 49;
Manual, 126; Hall’s Pl. Texas, 7. Engelm. Pl. Upp. Miss. 190. Chapman, 89.

C. sagittata. Hill, Veg. Syst. 21, t. LO, f. 1.

Anonymos sagittalis. Walter, 181.

C. parviflora. Roth, Catal. 1.85. Poir. Suppl. 2. 400. Willd. Spec. 3. 973 ;
Enum. 748. -Persoon, 2. 285.

C. platycarpa. Link, Enum. 2. 227. DC. Prodr. 2. 124. Don, Mill. 2. 154.

CYTISUS scoprarius, Link. Gray, Manual, 679.
Spartium angulatum. Raf. Prec. Dec. Som. 37 ; Journ. Bot. 4. 269.
Genista angulata. Poir. Suppl. 5. 688. DC. Prodr. 2. 152. Don, Mill. 2. 154.

DALEA albiflora. Gray, Pl. Wright. 2.38 &41. Walp. Ann. 4. 482 & 483.
Torrey, Mex. Bound. 52. Brew. & Wats. Bot. Calif. 1. 141.
D. alopecuroides. Willd. Spec. 5. 1336; Enum. 787. Pursh, 474. Nutt. Genera,
2.101. DC. Prodr. 2.244. Don, Mill. 2. 228. Hook. Comp. Bot. Mag. 1. 22.
Spach, Hist. Veg. 1. 247. Vogel, Linn. 10.591. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1.308. Eat.
& Wr. 219. Benth. & Oerst. in Vidensk. Medd. Kjébenh. 1855, 3. Torrey, Nicol.
Rep. 148 ; Emory’s Rep. 138; Pac. R. Rep. 4. 78; Mex. Bound. 52. Dietr. 4. 1014.
Gray, Pl. Fendl. 31; Pl. Wright. 1. 47, & 2.38 & 41 (Walp. Ann. 4. 482); Am.
Journ. Sci. 2. 33. 410; Proc. Acad. Philad. 1865, 60; Manual, 129. Seem. Bot.
Herald, 279. Engelm. Pl. Upp. Miss. 188. Lesqx. Fl. Ark. 355. Chapman, 93.
Porter, Fl. Col. 22. Brew. & Wats. Bot. Calif. 1. 141.

Psoralea Dalea. Winn. Spec. 764. Poir. Dict. 5. 691.

Dalea Cliffortiana. Willd. Spee. 8. 1556. Pursh, 474. Elliott, 2. 195.

D. Linnei. Michx. FI. 2. 57, t. 38. Persoon, 2. 545. Spreng. Syst. 3. 328.

Psoralea alopecuroides. Poir. Dict. 5. 695.

Petalostemon alopecuroides. Persoon, 2. 268. Pursh, 461.

Dalea pedunculata. Pursh, 474. DC. Prodr. 2. 244. Don, Mill. 2. 225.

Psoralea pedunculata. Poir. Suppl. 4. 590.
D. amcena. Watson, Am. Naturalist, 7. 300.

D. arborescens. Torrey; Gray, Pl. Thurb. 516. Walp. Ann. 4.485. Torrey,
Pac. R. Rep. 5. 860. Brew. & Wats. Bot. Calif. 1. 142.
D. argyrea. Gray, Pl. Wright. 1.47, & 2.38 & 41. Walp. Ann. 4. 483 & 484.
Torrey, Mex. Bound. 52.
D. aurea. Nutt. in Fras. Cat. 1815; Genera, 2.101. Pursh, 740. - Bradbury, Cat.
338. James, Cat. 186. DC. Prodr. 2.244. Spreng. Syst. 3.3827. Torrey, Ann.
Lyc. N. Y. 2.177; Marcy’s Rep. 284; Pac. R. Rep. 4. 78; Mex. Bound. 52. Don,
Mill. 2. 218. Spach, Hist. Veg. 1.246. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 308. Hat. & Wr. 219.
Engelm. & Gray, Pl. Lindh. 7 & 31. Dietr. 4.1014. Gray, Pl. Lindh. 175; Pl.
Fendl. 31; Pl. Wright. 1. 46 & 2. 41 (Walp. Ann. 4. 482); Hall’s Pl. Texas, 7.
Scheele, Roem. Texas, 429. Engelm. Pl. Upp. Miss. 188. Young, Fl. Texas, 222.

Psoralea aurea. Poir. Suppl. 4. 590.

Cylipogon capitatum. Raf. Jour. Phys. 1819, 97.

Petalostemon (7) capitatum. DC. Prodr. 2. 244. Don, Mill. 2. 228.
D. Californica. Watson, Proc. Am. Acad. 11.132. Brew. & Wats. Bot. Calif.
1. 142.

212 LEGUMINOS 2. [Dalea.

D. brachystachys. Gray, Pl. Wright.2.39 & 40. Walp. Ann. 2. 482 & 483.
Torrey, Mex. Bound. 52. Brew. & Wats. Bot. Calif. 1. 141.
D. calycosa. Gray, Pl. Wright. 2.40. Walp. Ann. 4. 482 & 484. Brew. & Wats.
Bot. Calif. 1. 142.
D. canescens. Benth. Bot. Sulph. 12. Walp. Rep. 2. 513. (Lower California.)
D. chrysorhiza. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 5. 156. (Lower California.)
D. divaricata. Benth. Bot. Sulph. 12. Walp. Rep. 2. 518. (Lower California.)
D. Emoryi. Gray, Pl. Thurb. 515; Ives’s Rep. 10. Walp. Ann. 4. 485. ‘Torrey,
Pac. R. Rep. 5. 360, t.11; Mex. Bound. 52. Brew. & Wats. Bot. Calif. 1. 142.

Dz @ Torrey, Emory’s Rep. 158.
D. filiformis. Gray, Pl. Wright. 2.39 & 40. Walp. Ann. 4. 482 & 484. Torrey,
Mex. Bound. 52.
D. formosa. Torrey, Ann. Lyc. N. Y. 2.177; Emory’s Rep. 138, t.1; Pac. R.
Rep. 4. 78; Mex. Bound. 52. Don, Mill. 2.224. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 308; Pac. R.
Rep. 2.163. Hat. & Wr. 219. Walp. Rep. 1. 652; Ann. 4.482. Dietr. 4. 1015.
Gray, Pl. Fendl. 52; Pl. Wright. 1. 46, & 2. 37 & 40; Ives’s Rep. to.
D. Fremonti. Torrey; Gray, Pl. Thurb. 516. Walp. Ann. 4. 485. Torrey, Pac.
R. Rep. 5. 860. Watson, King’s Rep. 5. 65; Pl. Wheeler, 7. Brew. & Wats. Bot.
Calif. 1. 143.
D. frutescens. Gray, Pl. Lindh. 175; Pl. Wright. 1. 46, & 2.37 & 41; Hall’s Pl.
Texas, 7. Walp. Ann. 2. 360 & 4. 485. Torrey, Mex. Bound. 53.
D. Greggii. Gray, Pl. Thurb. 314. Walp. Amn. 4. 485. Torrey, Mex. Bound. 52.
D. Hallii. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 8. 625; Hall’s Pl. Texas, 7.
D. Jamesii. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1.308. Eat. & Wr. 219. Walp. Rep. 1. 654; Ann.
4.483. Dietr. 4.1019. Gray, Pl. Fendl. 32; Pl. Wright. 1. 49, & 2. 40 & 41; PL
Thurb. 300. ‘Torrey, Pac. R. Rep. 4. 78; Mex. Bound. 52. Porter, Fl. Col. 25.

Psoralea Jamesii. Torrey, Ann. Lye. N. Y. 2.175. Don, Mill. 2. 204.
D. Johnsoni. Watson, King’s Rep. 5. 64. Parry, Am. Naturalist, 9. 270.
D. Kingii. Watson, King’s Rep. 5. 64,t.10. Brew. & Wats. Bot. Calif. 1. 145.
D. lachnostachya. Gray, Pl. Wright. 1. 46, & 2.37 & 41. Seem. Bot. Herald,
279. Walp. Ann. 4. 485 & 484. Torrey, Mex. Bound. 52.
D. levigata. Gray, Pl. Wright. 2.38 & 41, not Don. Walp. Ann. 2. 482 & 484.
Torrey, Mex. Bound. 52. Brew. & Wats. Bot. Calif. 1. 141.
D. lanata. Spreng. Syst. 3.327. Torr. & Gray, FI. 1. 690. Gray, Pl. Fendl. 31 ;
Pl. Wright. 1. 47, & 2. 37 & 41. Walp. Ann. 4. 483. Engelm. in Wisliz. Rep. 12.
Torrey, Marcy’s Rep. 271; Pac. R. Rep. 4. 78. Watson, King’s Rep. 5. 419. Bran-
degee, FI. S. W. Col. 234.

D.——,n. sp. Torrey, Ann. Lye. N. Y. 2. 177.

D. lanuginosa. Nutt.; Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 307. Eat. & Wr. 219. Walp. Rep.
1. 652. Dietr. 4. 1016. ;
D. lasiathera. Gray, Pl. Wright. 1. 48, & 2. 37 & 40. Walp. Ann. 4. 482 & 484.
Torrey, Mex. Bound. 52.

D. pogonathera. Gray, Pl. Lindh. 175.

D. laxiflora. Pursh, 741. Bradbury, Cat. 338. Nutt. Genera, 2.101. James,
Cat. 186. DC. Prodr. 2.244. Spreng. Syst. 3.328. Torrey, Ann. Lye. N. Y.
2.177; Emory’s Rep. 38 & 408; Marcy’s Rep. 284; Pac. R. Rep. 4. 78. Don, Mill.
2.213. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 307; Pac. R. Rep. 2.126. Eat. & Wr. 219. Gray, Pl.

ee

‘
vy «

Dalea.] LEGUMINOSZ. 2135

Lindh. 175;. Pl. Fendl. 31; Pl. Wright. 1.48 & 2.40; Am. Journ. Sci. 2. 33. 411;
Proc. Acad. Philad. 1865, 59. Walp. Ann. 4. 482. Dietr. 4. 1014. Scheele, Roem.
Texas, 429. Engelm. Pl. Upp. Miss. 188. Young, Fl. Texas, 222. Porter, FI.
Col. 22.

D. enneandra. Nutt. Fras. Cat. 1813.

Psoralea laxiflora. Poir. Suppl. 4. 590.

Cylipogon virgatum. Raf. Journ. Phys. 1819, 97.

D. penicillata. Moric. Pl. Nouv. 66, t. 45. Walp. Rep. 2. 515.
D. leucostachys. Gray, Pl. Fendl. 82; Pl. Wright. 1. 49 & 2.41. Walp. Ann.
2. 359 & 4. 483. (Chihuahua.)
D. mollis. Benth. Pl. Hartw. 306. Torrey, Pac. R. Rep. 5. 360; Mex. Bound. 52.
Walp. Ann. 2. 359 & 4.483. Gray, Pl. Wright. 1. 47 & 2. 41; Pl. Thurb. 315. Brew.
& Wats. Bot. Calif. 1. 141.

D. 2? Torrey, Emory’s Rep. 139.

Var. Neo-Mexicana. Gray, Pl. Wright. 1. 47; Ives’s Rep. to.
D. nana. Torrey; Gray, Pl. Fendl. 31; Pl. Lindh. 175; Pl. Wright. 1. 46, & 2. 37
& 41; Pl. Thurb. 300; Hall’s Pl. Texas, 7. Walp. Ann. 2. 359 & 4. 483. Torrey,
Pac. R. Rep. 4. 78; Mex. Bound. 52. Brew. & Wats. Bot. Calif. 1. 141.
Var. elatior. Gray, Pl. Wright. 1. 46. Porter, Fl. Col. 22.
D. Parryi. Torr. & Gray; Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 7. 397. Brew. & Wats. Bot.
Calif. 1. 142.
D. divaricata, var. cinerea. Gray, |. ¢. 7. 331.

D. pogonathera. Gray, Pl. Fendl. 31; PL Wright. 1.48 & 2.37. Walp. Ann.
2.359. Seem. Bot. Herald, 279. Torrey, Mex. Bound. 52.
D. polyadenia. Torrey; Watson, King’s Rep. 5. 64,t.9. Brew. & Wats. Bot.
Calif. 1. 142.
D. polygonoides. Gray, Pl. Wright. 2.39 & 40. Walp. Ann. 4. 482 & 483. Tor-
rey, Mex. Bound. 52.
D. ramosissima. Benth. Bot. Sulph.11,t.10. Walp. Rep. 2.518. Torrey,
Emory’s Rep. 138.
D. Schottii. Torrey, Mex. Bound. 53. Walp. Ann. 7.709. Brew. & Wats. Bot.
Calif. 1. 143.
D. scoparia. Gray, Pl. Fendl. 32; Pl. Wright. 1. 47, & 2. 38 & 41; Pl. Thurb.
305. Walp. Ann. 2. 360 & 4. 483. Torrey, Pac. R. Rep. 5. 360; Mex. Bound. 52.
D. spinosa. Gray, Pl. Thurb. 315; Ives’s Rep. 10. Torrey, Pac. R. Rep. 4. 78;
7. 9, t. 3; Mex. Bound. 53. Walp. Ann. 4. 485. Watson, Proc. Am. Acad. 11. 132.
Brew. & Wats. Bot. Calif. 1. 143.

Asagraa spinosa. Baillon, Adansonia, 9. 232; Hist. Pl. 2. 288.
D. Wislizeni. Gray, Pl. Fendl. 32; Pl. Wright. 2.38 & 41. Walp. Ann. 2. 359
& 485. Seem. Bot. Herald, 279. Torrey, Mex. Bound. 52. Brew. & Wats. Bot.
Calif. 1. 142.
D. Wrightii. Gray, Pl. Wright. 1. 49, & 2.40 & 41. Walp. Ann. 4. 483 & 484.
Torrey, Mex. Bound. 52.

D. agastachya ; Petalostemon obovatus. | D. Cliffortiana; alopecuroides.
candida ; Petalostemon candidus. compacta; Petalostemon macrosta-
carnea ; Petalostemon carneus. chyus.

St aS

214 LEGUMINOS&. _ [Dalea. Desmanthus.
D. divaricata ; Parryi. D. pedunculata ; alopecuroides.
enneandra ; laxiflora. penicillata ; laxiflora.
Kuhnistera; Petalostemon corymbo- pogonathera ; lasiathera.
sus. purpurea; Petalostemon violaceus.
lanuginosa ; lanata. villosa ; Petalostemon villosus.
Linnei ; alopecuroides. violacea ; Petalostemon violaceus.

ornata ; Petalostemon ornatus.
parviflora ; Astragalus gracilis.

!; Emoryi, lanata, mollis.

DESMANTHUS acuminatus. Benth. Hook. Journ. Bot. 4. 357; Rev. Mim.
in Trans. Linn. Soc. 30. 587. Gray, Pl. Lindh. 184; Hall’s Pl. Texas, 8.

D. brachylobus. Benth. Hook. Journ. Bot. 4. 558; Rev. Mim. 387. Walp.
Rep. 1. 864. Gray, Pl. Fendl. 38; Pl. Lindh. 184; Manual, 145; Hall’s PL
Texas, 8. Engelm. Pl. Upp. Miss. 190. Torrey, Pac. R. Rep. 4. 82. Wood, Bot.
& Fi. 82.

Mimosa Illinoensis. Michx. Fl. 2. 254. Persoon, 2. 263. Poir. Suppl. 1..73.

Acacia brachyloba. Willd. Spec. 4. 1071. Ait. f. Hort. Kew. 5. 468. DC. Cat.
Monsp. 73. Pursh, 305. Spreng. Syst. 3. 141.

Darlingtonia brachyloba. DC. Mem. Leg. 427, t. 66; Ann. Sci. Nat. 1. 4. 97;
Prodr. 2. 443. Don, Mill. 2. 397. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1.401. Eat. & Wr. 220. Tor-
rey, Frem. Rep. 89; Emory’s Rep. 139 & 408.

Darlingtonia intermedia. Torrey, Ann. Lye. N. Y. 2.181. Don, Mill. 2. 397.
Eat. & Wr. 220.

Darlingtonia brevifolia. Raf. New FI. 1. 42.

Desmanthus falcatus. Scheele, Linnea, 21. 455

Var. glandulosus. Engelm. & Gray, Pl. Lindh. 35.

Mimosa glandulosa.. Michx. Fl. 2. 254. Vent. Choix, t.27. Koen. & Sims, Ann.
Bot. 2. 364. Persoon, 2. 263. Poir. Suppl. 1. 73.

Acacia glandulosa. Willd. Spec. 4. 1071; Enum. 1053. Ait. f. Hort. Kew 5. 468.
Pursh, 305. Spreng. Syst. 3. 141.

Mimosa contortuplicata. as Obs. Cent. 1, n. 100.

Darlingtonia glandulosa. . Mem. Leg. 427; Ann. Sci. Nat. 1.4.98; Prodr.
2. 445. Hook. Comp. Bot. aa 1.24. Kat. & Wr. 220.

Darlingtonia brachyloba, var. glandulosa. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 401. Torrey, Nicol.
Rep. 149.
D. depressus. Humb. & Bonpl.; Willd. Spec. 4. 1046. Kunth, Mim. 115, t. 35.
DC. Prodr. 2. 445. Benth. Hook. Journ. Bot. 4. 357; Rev. Mim. 886, with syn.
Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1.403. Gray, Pl. Lindh. 184. Griseb. Fl. Brit. W. Ind. 218.
Chapman, 117.

D. diffusus. Willd. Spec. 2. 1046. DC. Prodr. 2. 444. Torr. & Gray, FI. 1. 408.
Chapman, 117.

D. Jamesii. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 402; Pac. R. Rep. 2.164. Walp. Rep. 1. 864.
Gray, Pl. Wright. 2. 51. Torrey, Mex. Bound. 60. Benth. Rev. Mim. 386.
Acacia Cooleyi. Eaton, Manual, 5 ed. 89. Eat. & Wr. 111.
Var. Fendleri.
D. Jamesii. Gray, Pl. Fendl. 38.
D. Jamesii, var. Gray, Pl. Wright. 1. 63 & 2. 51.
D. reticulatus, var. Benth. Rey. Mim. 387.
D. velutinus (?). Watson, Pl. Wheeler, 37.

Desmanthus. Desmodium.] LEGUMINOS2. Piles

D.leptolobus. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1.402. Benth. in Hook. Journ. Bot. 4. 357;
Rey. Mim. 386. Walp. Rep. 1. 864. Gray, Hall’s Pl. Texas, 8. Young, Fl. Tex-
as, 248.

D. reticulatus. Benth. in Hook. Journ. Bot. 4. 857; Rev. Mim. 386. Walp. Rep.
1. 864. Gray, Pl. Lindh. 184; Pl. Wright. 1. 61 & 2.51; Hall’s Pl. Texas, 8.

D. rhombifolius. Buckley, Proc. Acad. Philad. 1861, 454; fide Gray, same, 1862,
163. Walp. Ann. 7. 828.

D. velutinus. Scheele, Linnza, 21. 455. Gray, Pl. Lindh. 183; Pl. Wright. 1. 61
& 64, & 2.51; Hall’s Pl. Texas, 8. Walp. Ann. 2. 450. Torrey, Mex. Bound. 60.
Benth. Rev. Mim. 386.

D. pedunculatus. Buckley, 1. e. 454; fide Gray, 1. c. 163. Walp. Ann. 7. 828.

D. virgatus. Willd. Spec. 4. 1047. See syn. in Benth. Rey. Mim. 585. — Benth.
Bot. Sulph. 14. Griseb. Fl. Brit. W. Ind. 218. Chapman, 117.

D. strictus. Bertol.; DC. Prodr. 2. 245. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1.405. Young, FI.

Texas, 248.
DESMODIUM acuminatum. DC. Prodr. 2. 329. Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am. 1. 154;
Comp. Bot. Mag. 1. 23. Don, Mill. 2. 291. Beck, Bot. 85. Darling. Fl. Cestr.
417. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 358. Torrey, Fl. N. Y. 1.176; Frem. Rep. 89. Dietr.
4.1148. Lesqx. Fl. Ark. 356. Chapman, 102. Pl. Bourgeau, 256. Gray, Manual,
135.

Hedysarum grandiflorum. Walter, 185.

Hedysarum glutinosum. Willd. Spec. 3. 1198. Poir. Dict. 6. 411. Persoon, 2. 322.
Pursh, 485. Spreng. Syst. 3. 313.

Hedysarum acuminatum. Michx. Fl. 2.72. Poir. Dict. 6. 427. Pursh, 483.
Bigel. Fl. Bost. 275. Elliott, 2. 209. Torrey, Compend. 269. Spreng. Syst. 3. 313.
Hat. & Wr. 262.

D. grandiflorum. DC. Prodr. 2. 338. Don, Mill. 2. 291.

D. batocaulon. Gray, Pl. Wright. 2.47. Walp. Ann. 4. 538.

D. Canadense. DC. Prodr. 2. 328. Torrey, Ann. Lyc. N. Y. 2.179; FI. N. Y.
1. 177; Nicol. Rep. 149; Pac. R. Rep. 4.82. Hook: Fl. Bor.-Am. 1. 154; Bot. Mag.
t.3553. Don, Mill. 2.290. Beck, Bot. 83. Spach, Hist. Veg. 3.313. Torr. &
Gray, Fl. 1. 559 & 365. Dietr. 4. 1148. Seem. Bot. Herald, 280. Parry, Pl. Minn.
611. Engelm. Pl. Upp. Miss. 189. Lesqx. Fl. Ark. 356. Chapman, 103. PI.
Bourgeau, 256. Gray, Manual, 156. Buchan, Canad. Naturalist, 14. 293.

Hedysarum Canadense. Linn. Spec. 748. Hill, Veg. Syst. 21, t. 37, £1. Medi-
cus, Bot. Beobacht. 1783, 180. Ait. Hort. Kew. 3. 64. Willd. Spec. 3. 1187 ; Enum.
717. Poir. Dict. 6.419. Persoon, 2. 321. Pursh, 481. Bigelow, Fl. Bost. 275.
Elliott, 2.214. Spreng. Syst. 3.515. Torrey, Compend. 267. Eat. & Wr. 261.

Hedysarum scabrum. Moench, Meth. 118.

Var. longifolium. Torr. & Gray, FI. 1. 365.

D. canescens. DC. Prodr. 2. 328. Don, Mill. 2. 290. Beck, Bot. 84. Darling.
Fl. Cestr. 415. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 359 & 365; Pac. R. Rep. 2. 163. Torrey, FI.
N. Y.1.177. Dietr. 4. 1148. Lesqx. Fl. Ark. 356. Chapman, 102. Gray, Manual,
155. Macoun & Gibson, Trans. Bot. Soc. Edinb. 12. 320.

Hedysarum canescens. Linn. Spec. 748, in part. Poir. Dict. 6. 417, in part. Per-
soon, 2. 326. Pursh, 482. Spreng. Syst. 3. 313. Torrey, Compend. 268. Eat. &
Wr. 262. .

Hedysarum viridiflorum. Willd. Spec. 3. 1192, not Linn. Michx. Fl. 2. 72. Poir.
Dict. 6. 480. Persoon, 2. 322. Pursh, 482. Nutt. Genera, 2.109. Torrey, Com-
pend. 268. Spreng. Syst. 3. 313.

216 LEGUMINOS&. [Desmodium.

Hedysarum scaberrimum. Elliott, 2.217. Hook. Comp. Bot. Mag. 1. 23. Eat.
& Wr. 263.

D. viridiflorum. DC. Prodr. 2. 829, excl. syn. Don, Mill. 2. 290.

D. Aikinianum. Beck, Bot. 84.

Hedysarum Aikini. Eaton, Manual, 7 ed. 166. Eat. & Wr. 272.

Var. villosissimum. Torr. & Gray, FI. 1. 365.
D, Canadense, var. Hook. Comp. Bot. Mag. 1. 22.

D. ciliare. DC. Prodr. 2. 329. Don, Mill. 2.290. Beck, Bot. 84. Hook. Comp.
Bot. Mag. 1. 23. Darling. Fl. Cestr. 418. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 362. Torrey, Fl.
N. Y. 1.180. Dietr. 4.1149. Bertol. Bot. Misc. 9.16. Chapman, 104. Gray,
Manual, 137.

2 Hedysarum barbatum. Walter, 184.

Hedysarum ciliare. Muhl.; Willd. Spec. 3.1196. Poir. Dict. 6. 408. Persoon,
2. 322. Pursh, 482. Nutt. Genera, 2.109. Elliott, 2.212. Spreng. Syst. 3. 313.
Torrey, Compend. 268. Eat. & Wr. 262.

Hedysarum obtusum. Muhl.; Willd. Spec. 3.1190. Poir. Dict. 6.417. Persoon,
2.821. Spreng. Syst. 3. 318. Torrey, Compend. 268. Eat. & Wr. 262.

2? Hedysarum coriaceum. Poir. Dict. 6. 418; Suppl. 1. 416. Persoon, 2. 321.

2 Lespedeza coriacea. Desv. in Ann. Sci. Nat. 1. 9. 417.

D. cinerascens. Gray, Pl. Wright. 2.48. Walp. Ann. 4. 538. Torrey, Mex.
Bound. 57.

D. cuspidatum. Hook. Comp. Bot. Mag. 1.23. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 360. Tor-
rey, Fl. N. Y. 1.178; Pac. R. Rep. 4.82. Dietr. 4.1148. -Chapman, 102. Gray,
Manual, 136.

Hedysarum cuspidatum. Muhl.; Willd. Spee. 8. 1198. Poir. Dict. 6. 427. Per-
soon, 2. 322. Pursh, 483. Bigel. Fl. Bost. 276. Spreng. Syst. 5.518. Torrey,
Compend. 269.

Hedysarum bracteosum. Michx. Fl. 2.75. Poir. Dict. 6.451. | Persoon, 2. 522.
Pursh, 482. Elliott, 2. 213. Eat. & Wr. 262.

D. bracteosum. DC. Prodr. 2. 829. Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am. 1. 154. Don, Mill. 2. 290.
Beck, Bot. 85. Darling. Fl. Cestr. 416.

D. Dillenii. Darling. Fl. Cestr. 414. Torrey, Fl. N. Y. 1.178. Torr. & Gray, FI.
1. 360 & 365. Gray, Pl. Fendl. 37; Manual, 136. Dietr. 4.1148. Engelm. Pl.
Upp. Miss. 189. Chapman, 103.

Hedysarum Marilandicum. Willd. Spee. 8. 1189, not Linn.; Enum. 777. Poir.
Dict. 6. 420. Persoon, 2. 321. Ait. f. Hort. Kew. 4. 342. Pursh, 482. Elliott,
2.214. Spreng. Syst. 3. 312. Torrey, Compend. 268. Don, Mill. 2. 290. Hook.
Comp. Bot. Mag. 1. 23.

D. Marilandicum. DC. Prodr. 2. 328. Beck, Bot. 84.

D. Boottii. Torrey in Curtis, Pl. Wilmington.

D. Floridanum. Chapman, 102.

D. glabellum. DC. Prodr. 2. 329. Don, Mill. 2. 290. Hook. Comp. Bot. Mag.
1.23. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1.3861. Dietr. 4.1149. Chapman, 103. Wood, Bot. &
Fl. 89.

Hedysarum glabellum. Michx. Fl. 2. 73. Poir. Dict. 6. 418. Persoon, 2. 321.
Pursh, 482. Elliott, 2.211. Hat. & Wr. 262.

D. Grahami. Gray, Pl. Wright. 2. 48. Walp. Ann. 4. 539. Torrey, Mex.
Bound. 56.
D. gramineum. Gray, Pl. Wright. 2. 46.

Desmodium] LEGUMINOS&. 217

D. humifusum. Beck, Bot. 86. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 364. Eat. & Wr. 262.
Walp. Rep. 1. 741. Dietr. 4.1149. Canby, Proc. Acad. Philad. 1864, 17; Torr.
Bulletin, 5.19. Gray, Manual, 135.

Hedysarum humifusum. Muhl. Cat. 69, in part.

D. Illinoense. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 8. 289; Hall’s Pl. Texas, 7.

D. levigatum. DC. Prodr. 2. 329. Don, Mill. 2.290. Beck, Bot. 85. Torr. &
Gray, Fl. 1. 361 & 695. Dietr. 4. 1149. Chapman, 103. Gray, Manual, 136.
Hedysarum levigatum. Nutt. Genera, 2.109. Elliott, 2. 215. Spreng. Syst.
8. 321. Torrey, Compend. 269. Eat. & Wr. 262.
Hedysarum rhombifolium. Elliott, 2. 216. Spreng. Syst. 42. 290. Eat. & Wr. 263.
D. rhombifolium. DC. Prodr. 2. 330. Don, Mill. 2. 291. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 361.
Dietr. 4. 1148.

D. lineatum. DC. Prodr. 2. 330. Don, Mill. 2.291. Hook. Comp. Bot. Mag.
1.23. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1.364. Dietr. 4.1149. Chapman, 104. Gray, Manual,
137.
| Hedysarum lineatum. Michx. Fl. 2. 72, not Linn. Pursh, 484. —_ Elliott, 2. 218.
_ Spreng. Syst. 42. 290. Eat. & Wr. 263.
D. Marylandicum. Boott; Darling. Fl. Cestr. 2 ed. 412,not DC. Torr. &
Gray, Fl. 1. 361. Torrey, Fl. N. Y.1.179. Dietr. 4.1149. Chapman, 104. Gray,
Manual, 137.
Hedysarum Marylandicum. Linn. Spec. 748, in part. Hill, Veg. Syst. 21, t. 37,
£3. Walter, 185. Eat. & Wr. 262.
Hedysarum obtusum. Pursh, 482. Elliott, 2. 212.
D. obtusum. DC. Prodr. 2. 329, excl. syn. Don, Mill. 2.290. Beck, Bot. 84.
Bertol. Bot. Mise. 9. 15.

D. molle. DC. Prodr. 2. 332. Griseb. Fl. Brit. W. Ind. 188. Chapman, 102,
with doubt.

D. Neo-Mexicanum. Gray, Pl. Wright. 1. 53 & 2.47. Walp. Ann. 4. 539. Tor-
rey, Mex. Bound. 57. Referred doubtfully (with D. Bigelovii) to D. spirale by
Benth. in Mart. FI. Bras. 15!. 105.

D. exiguum. Gray, Pl. Wright. 2.46. Torrey, Mex. Bound. 57.

Var. Bigelovii.
D, Bigelovii. Gray, Pl. Wright. 2.47. Walp. Ann. 4. 538. Referred to D.
spirale by Grisebach, FI. Brit. W. Ind. 188.

D. nudiflorum. DC. Prodr. 2. 330. Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am. 1. 154; Comp. Bot. Mag.
1.23. Don, Mill. 2.291. Beck, Bot. 85. Darling. Fl. Cestr. 418. Torr. & Gray,
Fl. 1. 858. Torrey, Fl. N. Y.1.176. Dietr. 4.1148. Engelm. Pl. Upp. Miss. 189.
Gray, Pac. R. Rep. 12. 42; Manual, 135. Lesqx. Fl. Ark. 356. Chapman, 102.
Hedysarum nudiflorum. Linn. Spec. 749. Hill, Veg. Syst. 21, t. 39, f,1. Wal-
ter, 185. Willd. Spec. 3.1198. Michx. Fl. 2. 71. Poir. Dict. 6. 480. Persoon, 2. 322.
Pursh, 483. Bigel. Fl. Bost. 275. Elliott, 2.209. Spreng. Syst. 3.317. Torrey,
Compend. 269. Eat. & Wr. 262.
D. ochroleucum. M. A. Curtis; Canby, Proc. Acad. Philad. 1864,17; Torr.
Bulletin, 5. 20. Gray, Manual, 135. Wood, Bot. & FI. 88.
Hedysarum humifusum. Muhl. Cat. 69, in part.

D. paniculatum. DC. Prodr. 2. 329. Don, Mill. 2.291. Beck, Bot. 85. Hook.
Comp. Bot. Mag. 1. 23. Darling. Fl. Cestr. 413. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 365. Tor-
rey, Fl. N. Y. 1.180; Pac. R. Rep. 4.82; Mex. Bound. 57. Dietr. 4.1149. En-
_ gelm. Pl. Upp. Miss. 189. Lesqx. Fl. Ark. 357. Chapman, 103. Gray, Manual, 136.

218 LEGUMINOS&. |Desmodium.

Hedysarum paniculatum. Linn. Spec. 748. Hill, Veg. Syst. 21, t. 38, f. 4,
Walter, 185. Ait. Hort. Kew. 3.65. Moench, Meth. 118. Willd. Spec. 3. 1196;
Enum. 778. Poir. Dict. 6. 413. Persoon, 2. 522. Pursh, 485. Elliott, 2. 210. Bigel.
Fl. Bost. 276. Spreng. Syst. 3. 313. Torrey, Compend. 269. Eat. & Wr. 262.

Var. angustifolium. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 364.

Var. pubens. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 364.
D. pubens. Young, Fl. Texas, 233.

D. pauciflorum. DC. Prodr. 2. 330. Hook. Fl. Bor-Am. 1. 155; Comp. Bot.

Mag. 1.23. Don, Mill. 2.291. Darling. Fl. Cestr. 417. Torr. & Gray, FI. 1. 358.

Dietr. 4. 1148. Torrey, Pac. R. Rep. 4. 82. Chapman, 101. Gray, Manual, 135.
Hedysarum pauciflorum. Nutt. Genera, 2.109. Eat. & Wr. 262.

D. psilocarpum. Gray, Pl. Wright. 2.48. Walp. Ann. 4. 539.

D. rigidum. DC. Prodr. 2.330. Don, Mill. 2.291. Darling. Fl. Cestr. 413.
Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 362. Torrey, Fl. N. Y. 1. 180. Dietr. 4. 1149. Chapman, 104.
Gray, Manual, 136.

Hedysarum rigidum. Elliott, 2.215. Spreng. Syst. 42. 298. Eat. & Wr. 263.

D. rotundifolium. DC. Prodr. 2. 330. Don, Mill. 2.291. Beck, Bot. 86. Dar-
ling. Fl. Cestr. 3880. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1.364. Torrey, Fl. N. Y. 1.181. Dietr.
4.1149. Chapman, 103. Canby, Proc. Acad. Philad. 1864,17. Gray, Manual, 135.

Hedysarum rotundifolium. Michx. Fl. 2. 72. Poir. Dict. 6. 481. Persoon, 2. 322.
Pursh, 484. Bigel. Fl. Bost. 274. Elliott, 2.213. Spreng. Syst. 3.313. Torrey,
Compend. 268. Eat. & Wr. 262.

Var. glabratum. Gray, Manual, 135.
Fledysarum humifusum. Muhil. Cat. 69, in part. Bigel. Fl. Bost. 274. Torrey,
Compend. 268.

D. sessilifolium. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 363. Walp. Rep. 1. 740. Dietr. 4. 1149.
Gray, Pl. Fendl. 37; Manual, 156. Torr. Marcy’s Rep. 284. Young, Fl. Tex. 233.
Hedysarum sessilifolium. ‘Torrey ; Curtis, Pl. Wilmington, 123, exel. var.

D. spirale. DC. Prodr. 2. 332. See syn. in Griseb. Fl. Brit. W. Ind. 188; Benth.
in Mart. FI. Bras. 15!. 105.

D. annum. Gray, Pl. Wright. 2. 46. Walp. Ann. 4. 540. Torrey, Mex.
Bound. 56.

D. strictum. DC. Prodr. 2. 329. Don, Mill. 2. 291. Beck, Bot. 85. Hook.
Comp. Bot. Mag. 1. 23. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 865. Dietr. 4. 1149. Chapman, 103.
Gray, Manual, 136.
Hedysarum strictum. Pursh, 483. Poir. Suppl. 5.20. Nutt. Genera, 2. 109.
Elliott, 2.210. Spreng. Syst. 8. 312. Torrey, Compend. 269. Eat. & Wr. 262.
Hedysarum paniculatum. Michx. FI. 2. 74.

D. tenuifolium. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1.363. Walp. Rep. 1. 740. Dietr. 4. 1149.
Chapman, 103.
Hedysarum sessilifolium, var. angustifolium. Torrey ; Curtis, Pl. Wilmington, 128,

D. tortuosum. DC. Prodr. 2. 332. Griseb. Fl. Brit. W. Ind. 188, with syn.

D. stipulaceum. Mog. & Sesse, Icon. Fl. Mex. ined. t. 269. DC. Prodr. 2. 330.
D. uncinatum. DC. Prodr. 2.331. See syn. in Griseb. Fl. Brit. W. Ind. 187; —
Benth. in Mart. Fl. Bras. 151. 96.

Hedysarum uncinatum. Jacq. Hort. Schenbr. 3, t. 298.

D. Sinclairi. Benth. Bot. Sulph. 82.

D. Sonore. Gray, Pl. Wright. 2.47. Walp. Ann. 4. 538.

Desmodium. Erythrina.|] LEGUMINOSZ. : 219

D. viridiflorum. Beck, Bot. 84, not DC. Hook. Comp. Bot. Mag. 1. 23. Dar-
ling. Fl. Cestr. 415. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 860 & 365. Walp. Rep. 1. 740. Torrey,
Fl. N. Y. 1. 179. Dietr. 4.1148. Chapman, 102. Gray, Manual, 156.

Hedysarum viridiflorum. Linn. Spec. 748. Hill, Veg. Syst. 21, t. 38, £1. Wal-
ter, 185. Ait. Hort. Kew. 3. 65. Elliott, 2.217. Eat. & Wr. 262.
D. Wislizeni. Engelm.; Gray, Pl. Wright. 1.55. Walp. Ann. 4. 539. (Northern
Mexico.)
D. Wrightii. Gray, Pl. Lindh. 177; Pl. Wright. 1. 53; Hall’s Pl. Texas, 7. Walp.
Ann, 2.414. Torrey, Mex. Bound. 57.

D. annuum ; spirale. D. obtusum; Marilandicum.
Aikinianum ; canescens. pubens ; paniculatum.
Bigelovii ; Neo-Mexicanum. repens ; Lespedeza repens.
Boottii ; Dillenii. rhombifolium ; levigatum.
bracteosum ; cuspidatum. Sinclairi & Sonore ; uncinatum.
exiguum; Neo-Mexicanum. spirale ; Neo-Mexicanum.
grandiflorum ; acuminatum. stipulaceum ; tortuosum.
Marilandicum ; Dillenii. viridiflorum ; canescens.

DIOCLEA Boykinii. Gray in herb. Torrey.

Dolichos multiflorus. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1.281. Eat. & Wr. 227. Chapman, 110.
Wood, Bot. & Fl. 98.
DOLICHOS Lasrap, Linn. Perhaps only cultivated.

D. purpureus, Linn. Eat. & Wr. 227.

D. Halei. Wood, Bot. & FI. 98.

D. angulosus ; Phaseolus diversifolius. D. parabolicus ; Phaseolus helvolus.
helvolus ; Phaseolus helvolus. polystachyos ; Phaseolus perennis.
luteolus; Vigna glabra. regularis; Galactia glabella.
minimus ; Rhynechosia minima. verillatus ; Phaseolus helvolus.

multiflorus ; Dioclea Boykinii.

ERVUM Lens, Linn. A. H. Smith, Proc. Acad. Philad. 1867, 19.

E. emarginatum ; Vicia micrantha. FE. pilosum ; Vicia Ludoviciana.
erectum; Galactia sessiliflora. tetraspermum; Vicia tetrasperma.
hirsutum; Vicia hirsuta. tridentutum ; Vicia Ludoviciana.
multiflorum ; Astragalus multiflorus. volubile ; Galactia glabella.

ERYTHRINA coralloides. Moc. & Sesse, Icon. Fl. Mex. ined. t. 253. DC.
Prodr. 2. 413. Dietr. 4.1185. Gray, Pl. Thurb. 301. Torrey, Mex. Bound. 50.

E. herbacea. Linn. Spec. 706. Hill, Veg. Syst. 29, t. 51, f.1. Medicus, Bot.
Beobacht. 1783, 185. Lam. Dict. 2. 390; Ill. t. 608, f. 2. Walter, 180. Ait. Hort.
Kew. 3.8. Willd. Spec. 3. 912; Enum. 743. Michx. Fl. 2.61. Sims, Bot. Mag.
t.887. Persoon, 2.279. Pursh, 467. Nutt. Genera, 2.92. Barton, Fl. N. Am.
1.10, t.3. Elliott, 2.190. Lodd. Bot. Cab. t. 851. DC. Prodr. 2.411. Spreng.

290; LEGUMINOS®. [Erythrina. Galactia.

Syst. 3.244. Don, Mill. 2.370. Spach, Hist. Veg. 1. 854. Hook. Comp. Bot. Mag.
1.24. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1.282. Eat. & Wr. 239. Dietr. 4. 1183. Cooper, Smith-
son. Rep. 1860,440. Chapman, 107. Wood, Bot. & Fl. 97. Gray, Hall’s Pl.
Texas, 7.

Xyphanthus hederefolius. Raf. Fl. Lud. 103.

E. hederefolia. Spreng. Syst. 3. 244. Don, Mill. 2. 370. Dietr. 4. 1184.
EYSENHARDTIA amorphoides. HBK. Nov. Gen. 6. 489, t. 592. DC. Prodr.
2.257. Dietr. 4. 1020. Gray, Pl. Lindh. 173; Pl. Wright.4. 45 & 46; Hall’s Pl.
Texas, 8. Torrey, Sitgr. Rep. 158; Mex. Bound. 51.

E. Drummondii. Torr. & Gray, FI. 1. 690.

E. Texana. Scheele, Linnea, 21. 462.

Var. orthocarpa. Gray, Pl. Wright. 2. 37.
E. spinosa. Engelm.; Gray, Pl. Lindh. 174. Walp. Ann. 2. 360.

GALACTIA brachypoda. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 288. Eat. & Wr. 248. Walp.
Rep. 1. 761. Dietr. 4. 1177. Chapman, 109. Wood, Bot. & FI. 98.

G. canescens. Benth. Comm. Leg. Gen. 62. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1.288 & 687.

Eat. & Wr. 248. Walp. Rep. 1. 761. Dietr. 4.1176. Gray, Pl. Lindh. 171; Hall’s

Pl. Texas, 7. Torrey, Mex. Bound. 50. Benth. & Hook. Gen. Pl. 1. 535.
Heterocarpea Terana. Scheele, Linnea, 21. 467.

G. Blliottii. Nutt. Genera, 2.117. Elliott, 2. 240. DC. Prodr. 2. 239. Spreng.
Syst. 3.257. Don, Mill. 2.219. Torr. & Gray, FI. 1. 289 & 687. Eat. & Wr. 248.
Chapman, 109. Wood, Bot. & Fl. 98.

G. pinnata. Muhl. Cat. 67, not Pers.

Tephrosia (2) Elliott. Benth. Comm. Leg. Gen. 63.
G. filiformis. Benth. Comm. Leg. Gen. 63. Griseb. Fl. W. Ind. 194, & syn., in-
cluding G. pilosa, Nutt.

G. tenuiflora, Wight & Arn. Benth. in Mart. Fl. Bras. 15!. 148, & syn.

G. Floridana. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1.288. Eat. & Wr. 248. Walp. Rep. 1. 761 &
2. 532. Dietr. 4. 1176. Chapman, 108.

Var. microphylla. Chapman, 108.

G. glabella. Michx. Fl. 2.62. Persoon, 2. 802. Pursh, 487. Nutt. Genera,
2:117. Elliott, 2.239. DC. Prodr. 2. 288. Spreng. Syst. 3.257. Desy. in Ann.
Sci. Nat. 1. 9.418. Torrey, Compend. 271; Fl. N. Y. 1.162. Don, Mill. 2. 218.
Beck, Bot. 81. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 287. Eat. & Wr. 248. Dietr. 4.1176. Chap-
man, 109. Gray, Manual, 142.

Dolichos requaris. Linn. Spee. 726. Hill, Veg. Syst. 21, t.19,f.2. Willd.
Spec. 3. 1049. Poir. Suppl. 2. 499.

Ervum volubite. Walter, 187.

G. Purshii. Desv. in Ann. Sci. Nat. 1. 9. 418. Don, Mill. 2. 218.
G. heterophylla. Gray, Pl. Lindh. 171. Walp. Ann. 2. 421.
G. marginalis. Benth. Ann. Mus. Vind. 2. 126; Comm. Leg. Gen. 62; Mart. Fl.
Bras. 151.141. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 288 & 687. Eat. & Wr. 249. Dietr. 4. 1177.
Gray, Pl. Wright. 1. 44; Hall’s Pl. Texas, 7. Torrey, Mex. Bound. so.

Cologania (%) heterophylla. Gill.; Hook. & Arn. in Hook. Bot. Misc. 3. 181.
G. mollis. Michx. Fl. 2. 61. Persoon, 2. 302. Pursh, 486. Elliott, 2. 288. Torr.
& Gray, Fl. 1.287. Eat. & Wr. 248. Dietr. 4. 1176. Chapman, 108. Referred
{under the name of G. pilosa, Nutt.) by Grisebach, in Fl. Brit. W. Ind. 194, to G.
Jiliformis, Benth., and by Benth., in Mart. Fl. Bras. 15!. 145, with G. jiliformis to var.
villosa of G. tenuiflora, Wight & Arn. See syn. under both citations.

Galactia. Gleditschia.] LEGUMINOS&. 22

2 Hedysarum volubile. inn. Spec. 750. Hill, Veg. Syst. 21, t.43, £4. Willd.
Spec. 3. 1204. Poir. Dict. 6. 432. Ait. f. Hort. Kew. 4. 3465.

G. pilosa. Nutt. Genera, 2. 116, fide Chapman. DC. Prodr. 2. 237. Spreng.
Syst. 2. 257. Don, Mill. 2. 218.

G. pilosa. Elliott, 2. 258, not Nutt. Hook. Comp. Bot. Mag. 1.22% ‘Torr. &
Gray, Fl. 1. 287. Eat. & Wr. 248. Walp. Rep. 1. 761. Dietr. 4. 1176. Chapman,
108. Wood, Bot. & Fl. 98. Gray, Hall’s Pl. Texas, 7.

G. mollis. Nutt. Genera, 2. 117, fide Chapman. DC. Prodr. 2.237. Spreng.
Syst. 3.257. Torrey, Compend. 271. Don, Mill. 2. 218. Beck, Bot. 81. Gray,
Manual, 142; Hall’s Pl. Texas, 7.

G. villosa. Tat. & Wr. 248.

Var. Macrei. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 287.
G. Macrei. M. A. Curtis, Journ. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist. 1. 120, excl. syn.
Var. angustifolia. Torr. & Gray, FI. 1. 287.
G. sessiliflora. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 288 & 687. Eat. & Wr. 249. Dietr. 4. 1177.
Curtis, Am. Journ. Sci. 2. 7. 406. Chapman, 109. Wood, Bot. & Fl. 98.

Ervum erectum. Walter, 187.

Glycine stricta. Hook. Comp. Bot. Mag. 1. 22. Eat. & Wr. 256. Walp. Rep.
1. 760. Dietr. 4. 1175.

G. spiciformis. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1.288. Eat. & Wr. 248. Walp. Rep. 1. 761.
Dietr. 4. 1176. Chapman, 108.

G. brevistyla. Sehlecht. in Linnea, 12. 288, fide Chapman. Dietr. 4.1177. Re-
ferred to G. filiformis (or tenuiflora) by Grisebach and Bentham, Il. cc.

G. tephrodes. Gray, Pl. Wright. 2.54. Walp. Ann. 4. 554. Torrey, Mex.
Bound. 50.
G. Texana. Gray, Pl. Lindh. 170; Pl. Wright. 1. 45. Walp. Ann. 2. 421.

Lablab Texanus. Scheele, Linnea, 21. 467.

G. Wrightii. Gray, Pl. Wright. 1. 44. Walp. Ann. 4. 554. Torrey, Mex.
Bound. st.

GENISTA tixcTortra, Linn. Bigel. Fl. Bost. 267. Torrey, Compend. 262; FI.
IN; ¥. 1.185. Beck, Bot. 77. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 369. Eat..& Wr. 252. Gray,
Manual, 126.

_ GLEDITSCHIA monosperma. Walter, 254. Michx. Fl. 2. 257. Schkuhr,

Handb. 3. 555. ~Persoon, 2. 623. Willd. Spec. 4. 1097; Enum. 1058. Nouv. Du-
ham. 4.101. Ait. f. Hort. Kew. 5. 474. Michx. f. Arbr. Am. 3. 164, t. 10. Pursh,
221. Poir. Suppl. 2. 641. Elliott, 2. 709. DC. Prodr. 2. 479. Spreng. Syst. 3. 919.
Don, Mill. 2.428. Spach, Hist. Veg.1.98. Torr. & Gray, Fl]. 1.398. Eat. &
Wr. 254. Loud. Arbor. 2. 653, f. 364. Dietr. 4.539. Chapman, 115. Gray,
Manual, 145.

G. triacanthos, var. (monosperma). Linn. Spee. 1057. Ait. Hort. Kew. 5. 444.

G. aquatica. Marsh. Arbust. 54.

G. Caroliniensis. Tam. Dict. 2. 465; Ill. 3. 447, t. 857, f.2. Roem. & Schult.
Syst. 7. 74.

G. triacantha. Gaertn. Fruct. t. 146, not Linn.

G. triacanthos. Linn. Spec. 1056, excl. var. Medicus, Bot. Beobacht. 1782, 250.
Lam. Dict. 2. 465; Ill. t.857,f.1. Ait. Hort. Kew. 5. 444, excl. vars. Moench,
Meth. 69. Michx. Fl. 2. 257. Schkuhr, Handb. 38. 554, t. 356. Persoon, 2. 125.
Willd. Spee. 4. 1097; Enum. 1058. Nouv. Duham. 4. 100, t. 25. Michx. f. Arbr.
Am. 3. 164, t.10. Pursh, 221. Nutt. Genera, 2. 259. James, Long’s Exped. 1.517.

222 LEGUMINOS&®. [Gleditschia. Gymnocladus.

Elliott, 2. 709. Guimp. Otto & Hayne, t.131. DC. Prodr. 2.479. Spreng. Syst.
3.918. Torrey, Compend. 375; Fl. N. Y. 1.192. Audubon, Birds, t. 42,146 &
150. Roem. & Schult. Syst. 7.73. Don, Mill. 2. 428. Beck, Bot. 93. Spach, —
Hist. Veg. 1.92. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 898. Eat. & Wr. 254. Loud. Arbor. 2. 650,
t.90&91. Dietr. 4.559. Engelm. Pl. Upp. Miss. 190. Gray, Pac. R. Rep.
12. 42; Manual, 145. Curtis, Bot. N. Car. 49. Chapman, 115. Hunt, Am. Natu-
ralist, 1. 453.

G. spinosa. Marsh. Arbust. 54.

G. Meliloba. Walter, 254.

G. elegans. Salisb. Prodr. Stirp. 323.

Melilobus heterophylla. Raf. Sylv. Tellur. 121.

Var. inermis. Pursh, 221. DC. Mem. Leg. t.22,f.109. Torr. & Gray, Fl.
1. 398. Loud. Arbor. 2. 650, t. 92 & 93.

Var. brachycarpos. Michx. Fl. 2.257. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 398.
G. brachycarpa. Pursh, 221. DC. Prodr. 2.479. Spreng. Syst. 3.919. Don,
Mill. 2.428. Eat. & Wr. 254. Loud. Arbor. 2. 653. Dietr. 4. 539.

GLYCINE angulata & angulosa; Phase- | G. mollissima; Rhynchosia mollissima.

olus diyersifolius. monophylla ; Rhynchosia tomentosa.
Apios; Apios tuberosa. parabolica & peduncularis ; Phaseolus
bracteata ; Amphicarpexea monoica. helvolus.
Caribea; Rhynchosia Caribexa. pedunculosa ; Phaseolus diversifolius.
Caroliniana ; Rhynchosia tomentosa. refleca; Rhynchosia minima.
comosa & elliptica; Amphicarpea reniformis ; Rhynchosia tomentosa.
monoica. sarmentosa ; Amphicarpea monoica.
erecta; Rhynchosia tomentosa. simplicifolia ; Rhynchosia tomentosa.
Jilosa ; Amphicarpza monoica. stricta ; Galactia sessiliflora.
Jrutescens ; Wistaria frutescens. tomentosa ; Rhynchosia tomentosa.
helvola ; Phaseolus helvolus. umbellata ; Phaseolus helvolus.
heterocarpa & monoica ; Amphicarpea Virginica ; Phaseolus diversifolius.
monoica.

GLYCYRRHIZA lepidota. Pursh, 480. Poir. Suppl. 4. 656. Nutt. Genera,
2.106. Sims, Bot. Mag. t. 2150. James, Cat. 178; Long’s Exped. 2.148. DC.
Prodr. 2. 247. Spreng. Syst. 3.201. Torrey, Ann. Lyc. N. Y. 2. 178; Nicol. Rep.
147; Frem. Rep. 88; Emory’s Rep. 138 & 408; Sitgr. Rep. 158; Marcy’s Rep. 283;
Pac. R. Rep. 4. 79; Mex. Bound. 53; Bot. Wilkes, 268. Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am. 1. 138;
Lond. Journ. Bot. 6.207. Don, Mill. 2.227. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1.298. Kat. &&%
Wr. 256. Dietr. 4.1042. Gray, Pl. Fendl. 31; Pl. Wright. 1. 50 & 2. 36; Proc. 4
Acad. Philad. 1863, 61; Manual, 134; Proc. Am. Acad. 8. 380. Parry, Pl. Minn.
611. Engelm. Pl. Upp. Miss. 188. Newberry, Pac. R. Rep. 6.71. Cooper, same,
12.41. Durand, Fl. Utah, 162. Pl. Bourgeau, 255; Porter, Hayd. Rep. 1870, 475;
1871, 480; Fl. Col. 31. Watson, King’s Rep. 5. 78; Pl. Wheeler, 7. Coulter,
Hayd. Rep. 1872, 764. Rothr. Pl. Wheeler, 36. Brew. & Wats. Bot. Calif. 1. 145.

Liquiritia lepidota. Nutt. in Fras. Cat. 1813.

G. glabra. Torrey, Emory’s Rep. 408.

Var. glutinosa. Watson, Bot. Calif. 1. 144.

G. glutinosa. Nutt.; Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1.298. Eat. & Wr. 256. Walp. Rep.
1.672. Dietr. 4. 1042.
GYMNOCLADUS Canadensis. Lam. Dict. 1. 733; Ill. 3. 412, t. 823. Michx. "
F]. 2. 241, t. 51. Persoon, 2. 626. Ait. f. Hort. Kew. 5. 400. Michx. f. Arbr. Am.

*

Gymnocladus. Hedysarum.] LEGUMINOSZ. 923

2. 272,t. 23. Pursh, 304. Nutt. Genera, 2: 243. James, Long’s Exped. 1. 821.
Reichenb. Mag. Bot. t.40. DC. Prodr. 2. 480. Spreng. Syst. 2.327. Torrey,
Compend. 576; Ann. Lyc. N. Y. 2. 195; Fl. N. Y. 1.196; Emory’s Rep. 407. Hook.
Fl. Bor.-Am. 1. 166. Don, Mill. 2.429. Beck, Bot. 93. Spach, Hist. Veg. 1. 89.
Torr. & Gray, FI. 1.398. Eat. & Wr. 258. Loud. Arbor. 2. 656, t. 99 & 100.
Richard. Arct. Exped. 424. Engelm. Pl. Upp. Miss. 190. Gray, Manual, 145.
Briot, Rev. Hort. 1870, 456.

Guilandina dioica. Linn. Spec. 381. Marsh. Arbust. 56. Ait. Hort. Kew. 2. 56.

HEDYSARUM boreale. Nutt. Genera, 2. 110; Journ. Acad. Philad. 7. 19.
DC. Prodr. 2. 3453. Spreng. Syst. 3. 314. Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am. 1. 155. Don,
Mill. 2. 302. Beck, Bot. 86. Hook. & Arn. Bot. Beechey, 122. Torr. & Gray, FI.
1.356. Ledeb. Fl. Ross. 1. 707. Dietr. 4. 1158. Seem. Bot. Herald, 28 & 51. En-
gelm. Pl. Upp. Miss. 189. Torrey, Pac. R. Rep. 4. 82. Hook. f. in Journ. Linn.
Soe. 1. 121 & 124; Arct. Pl. 289. Pl. Bourgeau, 256. Rothr. Alask. 445. Gray,
Manual, 154. Matthew, Pl. Acadia, 15. Coulter, Hayd. Rep. 1872, 764.

H. alpinum, var. Americanum. Michx. Fl. 2. 74. Poir. Dict. 6. 449. Pursh, 484.
Torrey, Compend. 269. Eat. & Wr. 262.

H. alpinum. Richard. Frankl. Journ. 17.

H. Mackenzii. Richard. Frankl. Journ. 17. Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am. 1. 155. Don,
Mill. 2.302. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 357. Walp. Rep. 1. 746. Eat. & Wr. 263.
Dietr. 4. 1158. Seem. Bot. Herald, 51. Torrey, Stansb. Rep. 385. Hook. f.
Journ. Linn. Soc. 1. 121 & 124; Arct. Pl. 289. Pl. Bourgeau, 256. Rothr. Alask.
445. Watson, King’s Rep. 5. 78 & 419; Pl. Wheeler, 7. Porter, Hayd. Rep. 1871,
480; Fl. Col. 381. Coulter, Hayd. Rep. 1872, 764.

H. boreale. Richard. Frankl. Journ. 1 ed. 745.

fH. canescens. Nutt.; Torr. & Gray, FI. 1. 357.
4.1158. Hook. in Lond. Journ. Bot. 6. 215.

H. dasycarpum. 'Turcz.; Ledeb. Fl. Ross. 1. 706, fide Regel & Tiling, FI.
Ajan, 79.

Durand, Fl. Utah, 162.

Walp. Rep. 1. 746.‘ Dietr.

H. acuminatum; Desmodium acumina- | ZH. humifusum; Desmodium humifusum,

tum.
Aikini ; Desmodium canescens.
alpinum ; boreale.
barbatum ; Desmodium ciliare.
bracteosum ; Desmodium cuspidatum.
Canadense ; Desmodium Canadense.
canescens; Mackenzii, Desmodium
canescens.
eiliare ; Desmodium ciliare.
conglomeratum ; Lespedeza capitata.
coriaceum ; Desmodium ciliare.
cuspidatum ; Desmodium cuspidatum.
dasycarpum ; Mackenzii.
divergens ; Lespedeza violacea.
Jrutescens ; L. violacea & capitata.
glabellum ; Desmodium glabellum.
glutinosum & grandiflorum; Desmodi-
um acuminatum. 3
hirtum ; Lespedeza hirta.

ochroleucum & rotundifolium.
junceum ; Lespedeza reticulata.
levigatum ; Desmodium levigatum.
Lespedeza ; Lespedeza repens.
lineatum ; Desmodium lineatum.
Marilandicum ; Desmodium Marilan-
dicum & Dillenii.
nudiflorum ; Desmodium nudiflorum.
obtusum ; D. ciliare & Marilandicum.
paniculatum ; Desmodium panicula-
tum & strictum.
pauciflorum ; D. pauciflorum.
prostratum ; Lespedeza repens.
repens ; Lespedeza repens.
reticulatum ; Lespedeza reticulata.
rhombifolium ; Desmodium leviga-
tum.
rigidum ; Desmodium rigidum.
rotundifolium ; D. rotundifolium.

994 LEGUMINOS&. [Hedysarum. Hosackia.

H. scaberrimum ; Desmodium canescens. | H. uncinatum; Desmodium uncinatum.
scabrum ; Desmodium Canadense. | violaceum ; Lespedeza violacea & re-

sessiliflorum ; Lespedeza reticulata. ticulata.

sessilifolium ; Desmodium sessilifoli- | Virginicum ; 7Eschynomene hispida.
um & tenuifolium. | viridiflorum; Desmodium viridiflorum

strictum ; Desmodium strictum. | & canescens.

tetraphyllum ; Zornia tetraphylla. | volubile ; Galactia mollis. —

umbellatum ; Lespedeza capitata.

HOFFMANSEGGIA brachycarpa. Gray, Pl. Wright. 1. 55, 57 & 2. 50.
Walp. Ann. 4. 592. Torr. & Gray, Pac. R. Rep. 2. 163.
H. caudata. Gray, Pl. Lindh. 179; Pl. Wright. 1.54. Walp. Ann. 2. 443. Tor-
rey, Mex. Bound. 58. Young, Fl. Texas, 245.
H. drepanocarpa. Gray, Pl. Wright. 1.58 & 2.50. Walp. Ann. 4. 593. Torr.
& Gray, Pac. R. Rep. 2. 163. Torrey, Pac. R. Rep. 4: 82. Porter, Fl. Col. 33.
H. Drummondii. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 393. Walp. Rep. 1.811. Gray, Pl.
Wright. 1. 55. Young, Fl. Texas, 243.
H. gladiata. Benth.; Gray, Pl. Wright. 1.57. Walp. Ann. 4. 593. (Mex.)
H. Jamesii. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1.593. Gray, Pl. Lindh. 178; Pl. Fendl. 38;
Pl. Wright. 1. 54 & 2.49; Ives’s Rep. 11. Engelm. in Wisliz. Rep. 4 & 9. Torrey,
Marcy’s Rep. 284, t. 4; Pac. R. Rep. 4. 82; Mex. Bound. 58. Torr. & Gray, Pae.
R. Rep. 2. 126 & 163. Young, Fl. Texas, 243. Porter, Fl. Col. 33.

Pomaria glandulosa. Torrey, Ann. N. Y. Lye. 2.195. Eat. & Wr. 370.

Pomaria Jamesii. Walp. Rep. 1. 811. ;
H. melanosticta. Gray, Pl. Wright. 1.54. Torrey, Mex. Bound. 58. Benth. &
Hook. Gen. Pl. 1. 567. i

Pomaria melanosticta. Schauer, Linnea, 20. 748. Walp. Ann. 1. 257.
H. microphylla. Torrey, Mex. Bound. 58.
H. oxycarpa. Benth.; Gray, Pl. Wright. 1. 55 & 2. 50. Walp. Ann. 4. 592. Tor-
rey, Mex. Bound. 58.
H. platycarpa. Benth.; Gray, Pl. Wright. 1.57 (Mex.)
H. stricta. Benth.; Gray, Pl. Wright. 1. 56 & 2. 50. Walp. Ann. 4. 593. Tor-
rey, Pac. R. Rep. 7. 10; Mex. Bound. 58.

Var. demissa. Gray, Pl. Wright. 1.56 &2.50. Torr. & Gray, Pac. R. Rep.

2.163. Torrey, Pac. R. Rep. 4.82; Mex. Bound. 58.

H. densiflora. Benth. ; Gray, Pl. Wright. 1. 55. Seem. Bot. Herald, 281.. Walp.
Ann. 4. 593.

HOMALOBUS. See under Astragalus.

H. brachycarpus & canescens; A. cespi- | H. dispar; A. multiflorus.
tosus. orthocarpus ; A. junceus.
decumbens ; A. campestris. tenuifolius ; A. campestris.

HOSACKIA angustifolia. Don, Mill. 2.200. Walp. Rep. 2. 855. Seem. Bot.
Herald, 279. Gray, Syn. Hos. in Proc. Acad. Philad. 1863, 349; Proc. Am. Acad.
8. 626. Watson, King’s Rep. 5. 454.
H. Mexicana. Benth. in Linn. Trans. 17. 365. 7
Indigofera (%) hippocrepoides. Schlecht. in Linnea, 12. 283. Walp. Rep. 1. 671.

H. argophylla. Gray, Pl. Thurb. 316; Ives’s Rep. 9; Syn. 847. Walp. Ann.

Hosackia.] LEGUMINOS&. 225

4.477. Torrey, Bot. Mex. 55. Watson, King’s Rep. 5. 62 & 433; Proc. Am. Acad.
11.114. Brew. & Wats. Bot. Calif. 1. 158.
H. argentea. Kellogg, Proc. Calif. Acad. 3. 38, £ 8.

Var. Fremonti. Gray, Syn. 347. Watson, King’s Rep. 5. 62.

‘HL. bicolor. Dougl.; Benth. in Bot. Reg. 15, t. 1257; Linn. Trans. 17. 365; Pl.

Hartw. 304. Hook. Fl. Bor-Am. 1.154. Don, Mill. 2.200. Torr. & Gray, FI.
1.322. Hook. & Arn. Bot. Beechey, 137. Eat. & Wr. 273. Walp. Rep. 1. 648.
Durand, Pl. Pratten. 85. Torrey, Pac. R. Rep. 4. 79; Mex. Bound. 54; Bot. Wilkes,
272. Newberry, Pac. R. Rep. 6. 71. Cooper, same, 12.58. Gray, Syn. 350; Proc.
Am. Acad. 8. 380 & 626. Boland. Cat.9. Watson, King’s Rep. 5. 434. Brew. &
Wats. Bot. Calif. 1. 135.

Lotus pinnatus. Hook. Bot. Mag. t. 2913.

Rafinesquia (or Flundula) comosa. Raf. Fl. Tellur. 2. 96.

H. brachycarpa. Benth. Pl. Hartw. 506. Walp. Ann. 2. 358. Durand, Pl.
Pratten. 85. Torrey, Mex. Bound. 55. Gray, Syn. 352. Boland. Cat.9. Wat-
son, King’s Rep. 5. 435. Brew. & Wats. Bot. Calif. 1. 137.

Lotus brachycarpus. Benth. & Hook. Gen. Pl. 1. 490.
H. crassifolia. Benth. in Linn. Trans. 17. 365. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 323. Hook.
& Arm. Bot. Beechey, 332. Hat. & Wr. 274. Walp. Rep. 1. 644. Dietr. 4. 1011.
Gray, Syn. 350; Proc. Am. Acad. 8. 380 & 626. Boland. Cat.9. Watson, King’s
Rep. 5. 434. Brew. & Wats. Bot. Calif. 1. 135.

H. stolonifera. Lindl. Bot. Reg. 23, t.1977. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1.3825. Eat.
& Wr. 274. Walp. Rep. 1. 648. Dietr. 4.1011. Torrey, Pac. R. Rep. 4.79. Bol-
ander, Cat. 9.

LH. platycarpa. Nutt.; Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 323. Hat. & Wr. 278. Walp. Rep.
1. 648. Dietr. 4. 1011.

H. cytisoides. Benth. in Lim. Trans. 17. 366; Pl. Hartw. 306. Torr. & Gray,
Fl. 1. 324. Hook. & Arn. Bot. Beechey, 332. Eat. & Wr. 274. Walp. Rep. 1. 649.
Dietr. 4.1011. Torrey, Pac. R. Rep. 4.79 & 7. 10; Mex. Bound. 55. Gray, Syn.
847. Boland. Cat.9. Watson, King’s Rep. 5. 483. Brew. & Wats. Bot. Calif.
3s:

_H. decumbens. Benth. in Bot. Reg. 15, under t. 1257; Linn. Trans. 17. 566.

Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am. 1. 184; Lond. Journ. Bot. 6.210. Don, Mill. 2. 200. Torr. &
Gray, Fl. 1. 324. Hook. & Arn. Bot. Beechey, 137. Eat. & Wr. 273. Walp. Rep.
1. 649. Dietr. 4. 1011. Newberry, Pac. R. Rep. 6.71. Cooper, same, 12.58. Gray,
Syn. 347; Proc. Am. Acad. 8. 380. Torrey, Bot. Wilkes, 274. Watson, King’s
Rep. 5. 433. Brew. & Wats. Bot. Calif. 1. 318.

Var. Nevadensis. Watson, Bot. Calif. 1. 318.

H. Heermanni. Anderson, Pl. Nev. 119. Watson, King’s Rep. 5. 63, in part.
H. glabra. Torrey, Bot. Wilkes, 274. Brew. & Wats. Bot. Calif. 1. 137.

Syrmatium glabrum. Vogel, Linnea, 10. 591. Dietr. 4. 1013.

H. scoparia. Nutt.; Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1.325. Eat. & Wr. 274. Walp. Rep.
1.649. Benth. Pl. Hartw. 306. Torrey, Pac. R. Rep. 7.10; Mex. Bound. 55.
Gray, Ives’s Rep. 9; Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist. 7.146; Syn. 346. Boland. Cat. 9.
Watson, King’s Rep. 5. 433.

Var. diffusus. Gray, Syn. 346.

H. crassifolia. Nutt.; Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 325 & 692. Eat. & Wr. 274. Walp.
Rep. 1. 649. Dietr. 4. 1012.

H. gracilis. Benth. in Linn. Trans. 17. 365. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 823, Hook. &
Arn. Bot. Beechey, 332. Eat. & Wr. 274. Walp. Rep. 1. 648. Dietr. 4. 1011.
15

226 LEGUMINOS&. [Hosackia.

Newberry, Pac. R. Rep. 6.71. Torrey, Mex. Bound. 54, t.15; Bot. Wilkes, 273.
Gray, Syn. 350; Proce. Am. Acad. 8. 380 & 626. Boland. Cat.9. Watson, King’s
Rep. 5. 434. Brew. & Wats. Bot. Calif. 1. 135.
H. grandiflora. Benth. in Linn. Trans. 17. 366. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 323 & 692.
Hook. & Arn. Bot. Beechey, 332. Eat. & Wr.274. Walp. Rep. 1.649. Dietr.
4.1011. Durand, Pl. Pratten. 86. Torrey, Pac. R. Rep. 4.79. Gray, Syn. 350.
Boland. Cat. 9. Watson, King’s Rep. 5. 454; Proc. Am. Acad. 11.114. Brew. &
Wats. Bot. Calif. 1. 516.
HI. ochroleuca. WNutt.; Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1.323. Eat. & Wr. 274. Walp. Rep.
1. 648. Dietr. 4. 1011.
H. Heermanni. Durand. & Hilg. in Journ. Acad. Philad. 2. 5.59; Pac. R. Rep.
5. 6,t.4 Gray, Syn. 348. Walp. Ann. 7.705. Watson, King’s Rep. 5. 63 in
part, & 483. Brew. & Wats. Bot. Calif. 1. 159.
H.incana. Torrey, Pac. R. Rep. 4.79, t. 4. Gray, Syn. 349; Proc. Am. Acad.
8. 626. Watson, King’s Rep. 5. 434. Brew. & Wats. Bot. Calif. 1. 154.
H. juncea. Benth. in Linn. Trans. 17. 566. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1.325. Hook. &
Arn. Bot. Beechey, 332. Eat. & Wr. 274. Walp. Rep. 1.649. Dietr. 4. 1012.
Torrey, Mex. Bound. 55; Bot. Wilkes, 274. Gray, Syn. 346. Boland. Cat. 9.
Watson, King’s Rep. 5. 453. Brew. & Wats. Bot. Calif. 1. 138.
H. maritima. Nutt.; Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1.326. Eat. & Wr. 275. Walp. Rep.
1.650. Dietr. 4.1012. Gray, Syn. 351. Boland. Cat.9. Watson, King’s Rep.
5. 434. Brew. & Wats. Bot. Calif. 1. 156. j
H. micrantha. Nutt.; Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1.324. Eat. & Wr. 274. Walp. Rep.
1.649. Dietr. 4.1011. Gray, Syn. 348. Boland. Cat. 9. Watson, King’s Rep.
5. 483. Torrey, Bot. Wilkes, 274% Brew. & Wats. Bot. Calif. 1. 158.* :
H. oblongifolia. Benth. Pl. Hartw. 305. Newberry, Pac. R. Rep. 6.714 Tor-
rey, Mex. Bound. 54. Walp. Ann. 2. 358. Gray, Syn. 350; Proc. Am. Acad.
8. 626. Watson, King’s Rep. 5. 434. Brew. & Wats. Bot. Calif. 1. 155.
Var. angustifolia. Watson, Bot. Calif. 1. 155.
H. lathyroides. Durand. & Hilg. in Journ. Acad. Philad. 2. 3.38; Pac. R. Rep.
5. 6,t. 3. Gray, Syn. 349; Proc. Am. Acad. 8. 626. Walp. Ann. 7. 706. Watson,
King’s Rep. 5. 434.
H. parviflora. Benth. in Bot. Reg. 15, under t. 1257. Hook. FI. Bor.-Am. 1. 154.
Don, Mill. 2.200. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 325. Eat. & Wr. 273. Walp. Rep. 1. 649.
Dietr. 4. 1012. Torrey, Pac. R. Rep. 4. 79; Bot. Wilkes, 278. Cooper, Pac. R. Rep.
12.58. Gray, Syn. 351; Proc. Am. Acad. 8. 380. Boland. Cat. 9. Watson, King’s
Rep. 5. 434. Brew. & Wats. Bot. Calif. 1. 156.
Lotus micranthus. Benth. Linn. Trans. 17. 367. Hook. & Arn. Bot. Beechey, 332. |
H. prostrata. Nutt.; Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1.325. Eat. & Wr. 274. Walp. Rep. @
1.649. Dietr. 4.1011. Gray, Syn. 348. Boland. Cat. 9g. Watson, King’s Rep. ~
5. 433. Brew. & Wats. Bot. Calif. 1. 138. .
2 H. decumbens, var. glabriusculu. Hook. & Arn. Bot. Beechey, 157.
H. puberula. Benth. Pl. Hartw. 305. Walp. Ann. 2. 358. Seem. Bot. Herald,
279. Gray, Pl. Wr. 1.50; Ives’s Rep.9; Syn. 349. Torrey, Pac. R. Rep. 7. 10,
t.4. Watson, King’s Rep. 5. 419 & 433. Rothrock, Pl. Wheeler, 36. Brew. &
Wats. Bot. Calif. 1. 136. -
H. Purshiana. Benth. in Bot. Reg. under t. 1257; Pl. Hartw. 306. Don, Mill.
2.200. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1.327. Hook. & Arn. Bot. Beechey, 137. Walp. Rep.
1. 650. Torrey, Nicol. Rep. 148; Sitgr. Rep. 175; Pac. R. Rep. 4. 79; Bot. Wilkes,

=”
_
\

Hosackia.| LEGUMINOSZ&. pa

273. Dietr. 4.1012. Hook. in Lond. Journ. Bot. 6.210. Gray, Pl. Fendl. 33;
PL Wright. 2. 42; Pac. R. Rep. 12. 42; Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist. 7.146; Am.
Journ. Sci. 2. 33. 411; Proc. Acad. Philad. 1863, 60; Syn..352; Proc. Am. Acad.
8. 380. Engelm. Pl. Upp. Miss. 189. Durand, Pl. Pratten. 85. Dur. & Hilg. in
Pac. R. Rep. 5.7. Newberry, same, 6.71. Cooper, same, 12. 51. Chapman, 91.
Anderson, Cat. Pl. Nev. 119. Boland. Cat.9. Porter, Hayd. Rep. 1870, 474; FI.
Col. 21. Watson, King’s Rep. 5. 63 & 434; Pl. Wheeler, 7. Brew. & Wats. FI.
, Calif. 1. 137.
Lotus sericeus. Pursh, 489. Poir. Suppl. 5. 721. Seringe, DC. Prodr. 2. 211.
Benth. in Linn. Trans. 17. 368. Benth. & Hook. Gen. Pl. 1. 490.
Trigonella Americana. Nutt. Genera, 2. 120. Seringe, DC. Prodr. 2. 185. James,
Cat. 178. Torrey, Ann. Lye. N. Y. 2. 174.
HT. unifoliolata. Wook. Fl. Bor.-Am. 1. 155. Don, Mill. 2. 469. Walp. Rep.
1. 649. Eat. & Wr. 273. Dietr. 4. 1012.
Acmispon sericeum. Raf. New. Fl. 1. 53.
H, elata, floribunda & mollis. Nutt.; Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 327. Eat. & Wr. 275.
Walp. Rep. 1. 650. Dietr. 4. 1012.
H, pilosa. Nutt.; Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1.327 & 692. Eat. & Wr. 278. Walp.
Rep. 1. 650.
Lotus (%) unifoliolatus. Benth. in Linn. Trans. 17. 568.
Lotus Americanus. Bischof, Del. Sem. h. Heidelb. 1839 (Litt.-Ber. zu Linnea,
14. 132).
Trigonella sericea. Eat. & Wr. 459.
H. rigida. Bentham, Pl. Hartw. 305. Walp. Ann. 2. 358. Gray, Syn. 348.
Bolander, Cat.9. Watson, King’s Rep. 5.455. Parry, Am. Naturalist, 9. 269.
Brew. & Wats. Bot. Calif. 1. 316.
HF. puberula. Gray, Pl. Wright. 2. 42, not Benth. Torrey, Pac. R. Rep. 4. 79;
Mex. Bound. 55.

-H. sericea. Benth. in Linn. Trans. 17. 367. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 325. Hook. &
Arn. Bot. Beechey, 332. Eat. & Wr. 274. Walp. Rep. 1. 649. Dietr. 4. 1012.
Gray, Syn. 347. Boland. Cat.9. Watson, King’s Rep. 5. 455. Brew. & Wats.
Bot. Calif. 1. 158.

H. stipularis. Benth. in Linn. Trans. 17. 365. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1.525. Hook.
& Arn. Bot. Beechey, 332. Eat. & Wr. 274. Walp. Rep. 1.648. Dietr. 4. 1011.
Gray, Syn. 549; Proc. Am. Acad. 8. 626. Boland. Cat. 9. Watson, King’s Rep.
6. 454. Brew. & Wats. Bot. Calif. 1. 134.

HH. macrophylla. WKellogg, Proe. Calif. Acad. 2. 123.

H. balsamifera. Kellogg, same, 2. 125, f. 40. Gray, Syn. 352.
H. strigosa. Nutt.; Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1.326. Eat. & Wr. 274. Walp. Rep.
1.650. Dietr. 4.1012. Torrey, Pac. R. Rep. 4. 79 & 7. 10; Mex. Bound. 54.
Gray, Syn. 351. Boland. Cat.9. Watson, King’s Rep. 5.434. Brew. & Wats.
Bot. Calif. 1. 137.

fH. microphylla, nudiflora & rubella. Nutt.; Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1.526. Eat. &
Wr. 273. Walp. Rep. 1. 650. Dietr. 4. 1012.

H. maritima. Torrey, Mex. Bound. 55. Gray, Ives’s Rep. 9.
H. subpinnata. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1.526 & 692. Eat. & Wr. 275. Walp. Rep.
1.650. Dietr. 4.1012. Benth. Pl. Hartw. 306. Torrey, Pac. R. Rep. 4.79; Mex.
Bound. 55; Bot. Wilkes, 273. Newberry, Pac. R. Rep. 6.71. Gray, Syn. 352.
Boland. Cat. 9. Watson, King’s Rep. 5. 63 & 435. Parry, Am. Naturalist, 9. 269.
Brew. & Wats. Bot. Calif. 1. 137.

998 LEGUMINOS 2. [Hosackia. Indigofera.

Lotus subpinnatus. Lagasca, Gen. & Sp. 23. Don, Mill. 2.196. Benth. in Linn.
Trans. 17. 367. Hook. & Arn. Bot. Beechey, 17, t. 8, & 332. Gay, Fl. Chil. 2. 78.
Benth. & Hook. Gen. Pl. 1. 490.

Anthyllis Chilensis. DC. Prodr. 2. 171.

Lotus Macrei. Benth. in Linn. Trans. 17. 367.

Lotus Wrangeliana. Fisch. & Meyer, Ind. Sem. h. Petersb. 1855, 16 (Litt.-Ber.
zu Linnea, 1837, 110; Ann. Sci. Nat. 2. 5.185). Hook. Comp. Bot. Mag. 2. 8.

Anisolotus anthylloides & Wrangeliana. Bernh. Sel. Sem. h. Erf. 1837.

H, Wrangeliana. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 526. Eat. & Wr. 275. Walp. Rep. 1. 650.

Dietr. 4. 1012.
H. tomentosa. Hook. & Arn. Bot. Beechey, 137 & 332. Benth. in Linn. Trans.
17. 366. Torr. & Gray, FI. 1. 324 & 692. Eat. & Wr. 274. Walp. Rep. 1. 649.
Gray, Pl. Thurb. 317; Syn. 3847. Torrey, Mex. Bound. 55; Bot. Wilkes, 274.
Boland. Cat. 9. Watson, King’s Rep. 5. 433. Brew. & Wats. Bot. Calif. 1. 159.

Syrmatium tomentosum. Vogel, Linnea, 10. 591. Dietr. 4. 1018.

H. Torreyi. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 8. 625. Brew. & Wats. Bot. Calif. 1. 155.
Var. Nevadensis. Gray, l. c.

H. Wrightii. Gray, Pl. Wright. 2. 42; Syn. 349. Torrey, Sitgr. Rep. 158; Mex.

Bound. 55. Walp. Ann. 4.477. Watson, King’s Rep. 5. 458. Brandegee, Fl.

S. W. Col. 234. Brew. & Wats. Bot. Calif. 1. 136.

H. argentea ; argophylla. HI. mollis ; Purshiana.
balsamifera ; stipularis. nudiflora ; strigosa.
crassifolia ; glabra. ochroleuca ; grandiflora.
decumbens ; prostrata. pilosa ; Purshiana.
elata & floribunda ; Purshiana. platycarpa ; crassifolia.
Heermanni ; decumbens. puberula ; vigida.
lathyroides ; oblongifolia. rubella ; strigosa.
macrophylla ; stipularis. scoparia ; glabra.
maritima ; strigosa. stolonifera ; crassifolia.
Mexicana; angustifolia. unifoliolata ; Purshiana.
microphylla ; strigosa. Wrangeliana ; subpinnata.

INDIGOFERA Ant, Linn. Chapman, 96. Ravenel, Torr. Bot. Bull. 6. 95.

I. Caroliniana. Walter, 187. Michx. Fl. 2.68. Persoon, 2. 328. Poir. Suppl.
3.145. Pursh, 488. Elliott, 2.244. DC. Prodr. 2.229. Spreng. Syst. 3. 278:
Don, Mill. 2.211. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 298 & 688. Eat. & Wr. 283. Dietr. 4. 1040.
Neisler, Am. Journ. Sci. 2. 24. 288. Chapman, 96. Benth. in Mart. Fl Bras.
15!. 42. Wood, Bot. & FI. 95.
I. leptosepala. Nutt.; Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1.298. Eat. & Wr. 283. Walp. Rep.
1. 670. Engelm. & Gray, Pl. Lindh. 6. Dietr. 4. 1040. Scheele, Roem. Texas, —
429. Torrey, Marcy’s Rep. 283; Pac. R. Rep. 4.80; Mex. Bound. 51. Gray, Pl.
Wright. 1. 45 & 2.37; Hall’s Pl. Texas, 7. Chapman, 96. Wood, Bot. & FI. 95.
Watson, Pl. Wheeler, 8.

Indigofera, n. sp. Torrey, Ann. Lyc. N. Y. 2. 176.

I. tinctoria. Hook. Comp. Bot. Mag. f. 22.

I. cinerea & Texana. Buckley, Proc. Acad. Philad. 1861, 451; fide Gray, same,
1862, 162. :

-

Indigofera. Lathyrus.| LEGUMINOS&. 229

I. Lindheimeriana. Scheele, Linnea, 21.464. Walp. Ann. 2. 363. Gray, PI.
Wright. 1.45. Torrey, Mex. Bound. 51. Benth. in Mart. Fl. Bras. 151. 42.

I. Anil, var. polyphylla. Gray, Pl. Lindh. 172.
I. spherocarpa. Gray, Pl. Wright. 2.37. Walp. Ann. 4. 487. Benth. 1. c.
I. rrvcrorra, Linn. Chapman, 96.
LATHYRUS Engelmanni. Bischof, Del. Sem. h. Heidelb. 1859 (Litt-Ber. zu
Linnea, 14. 132). Walp. Rep. 1.719. Dietr. 4. 1118. Watson, Proc. Am. Acad.
11. 158.
L. littoralis. Endl. Gen. Pl. 1279. Walp. Rep. 1. 722. Dietr. 4.1115. Watson,
Proc. Am. Acad. 11. 134. Brew. & Wats. Bot. Calif. 1. 160.

Astrophia littoralis. Nutt.; Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 278. Eat. & Wr. 150.

- Orobus littoralis. Gray, Pac. R. Rep. 4. 77. Cooper, same, 12. 58, t. 6. Torrey,
Bot. Wilkes, 268.
L. maritimus. Bigel. Fl. Bost. 2 ed. 268. Audubon, Birds, t.191. Torr. & Gray,
Fl.1.273. Eat. & Wr. 292. Torrey, Fl. N. Y. 1.157; Bot. Wilkes, 266. Dietr.
4.1114. Seem. Bot. Herald, 28. Lange, Pl. Grénl. 135. Hook. Fl. Antarct. 1. 260;
Arct. Pl. 289. Cooper, Pac. R. Rep. 88 & 58. Pl. Bourgeau, 256. Rothr. Fl.
Alask. 445. Matthew, Pl. Acad. 21. Gray, Manual, 139. Trautvetter, Trudi
-Peterb. 3. 66. Watson, Proc. Am. Acad. 11. 133. Brew. & Wats. Bot. Calif. 1. 158.

Pisum maritimum. Linn. Spec. 727. Willd. Spee. 3. 1071. Poir. Dict. 5. 456.
Pursh, 470. Nutt. Genera, 2. 95. Richard. Journ. Frankl. 17. Seringe, DC. Prodr.
| 2.368. Spreng. Syst. 8.257. Torrey, Compend. 263. Cham. in Linneea, 6. 547.
Beck, Bot. 90. Bongard, Veg. Sitch. 130. Schlecht. Fl. Lab. in Linnea, Io. 100.
_ Ledeb. FI. Ross. 1. 661, with syn.

L. venosus. Sweet, Brit. Fl. Gard. 2 ser. t. 37.

L. Californicus. Dougl.; Lindl. Bot. Reg. 14, t. 1144. Don, Mill. 2. 358. Dietr.
4. 1114.

L. pisiformis. Hook. FI. Bor.-Am. 1. 158. Don, Mill. 2. 333. Hook. & Arn. Bot.
Beechey, 123.
| Orobus maritimus. Reichenb. Fl. Exc. 538. Alefeld, Bonplandia, 9. 144.
L. Nevadensis. Watson, Proc. Am. Acad. 11.133. Brew. & Wats. Bot. Calif.
1. 160.

L. polymorphus. ook. in Lond. Journ. Bot. 6. 207.

LL. venosus, var. obovatus. Torrey, Pac. R. Rep. 4. 77.

L. ochroleucus. Hook. Fl. Bor-Am. 1. 159; Lond. Journ. Bot. 6. 207. Don, Mill.
2.330. Gray, Ann. Lyc. N. Y. 3.225; Manual, 139. Torr. & Gray, FI. 1. 275.
Hat. & Wr. 292. Walp. Rep. 1. 721. Torrey, Fl. N. Y. 1. 157, t.22. Dietr. 4. 1114.
Parry, Pl. Minn. 610. Seem. Bot. Herald, 51. Hook. f.,Arct. Pl. 289. Pl. Bour-
geau, 256. Watson, Proc. Am. Acad. 11. 133.

L. pisiformis. Richard. Journ. Frankl. 17.

L. glaucifolius. Beck, Bot. 90.

L. albidus. Eaton, Manual.

Orobus ochroleucus. A. Braun, Ind. Sem. h. Berl. 1853. Alefeld, Bonplandia,
9. 146.

L. ornatus. Nutt.; Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1.277. Eat. & Wr. 293. Walp. Rep. 1. 721.
Torrey, Nicol. Rep. 147. Dietr. 4.1115. Hook. in Lond. Journ. Bot. 6. 207. En-
_ gelm. in Wisliz. Rep. 5. Gray, Am. Journ. Sci. 2. 55. 410; Proc. Acad. Philad. 1863,
60. Watson, King’s Rep. 5.79; Proc. Am. Acad. 11.134. Porter, Hayd. Rep.
1871, 481. Brew. & Wats. Bot. Calif. 1. 160.

L. polymorphus. Torrey, Ann. Lyc. N. Y. 2. 180.

bo

a0 LEGUMINOS &. [Lathyrus. ~

L. paluster. Linn. Spec. 755. See syn. in Ledeb. Fl. Ross. 1. 686; Trautvetter,
Trudi Peterb. 3. 65. —Michx. Fl. 2. 66. | Pursh, 471. Bigel. Fl. Bost. 2 ed. 269.
Spreng. Syst. 3. 264. Torrey, Compend. 263; Fl. N. Y. 1.158; Nicol. Rep. 147; Bot.
Wilkes, 267. Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am. 1. 161. Beck, Bot. 90. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 275.
Hook. & Arn. Bot. Beechey, 335. Eat. & Wr. 292. Walp. Rep. 1. 721. Parry, Pl.
Minn. 610. Seem. Bot. Herald, 28. Cooper, Pac. R. Rep. 12. 51 & 58. Hook. f.
Arct. Pl. 289. Pl. Bourgeau, 256. Matthew, Pl. Acad. 20. Gray, Manual, 139.
Porter, Hayd. Rep. 1870, 475; 1871, 481; Fl. Col. 32. Watson, King’s Rep. 5. 78
& 419; Pl. Wheeler, 8; Proc. Am. Acad. 11. 134. Coulter, Hayd. Rep. 1872, 764.
Rothr. Pl. Wheeler, 36. Brew. & Wats. Bot. Calif. 1. 159.

L. polymorphus. Gray, Ives’s Rep. 10, in part.

L. Lanszwertii. Kellogg, Proc. Calif. Acad. 2. 150, fig. 44.

Var. myrtifolius. Gray, Pl. Fendl. 30; Struct. Bot. 412, fig. 796-799; Proc.
Acad. Philad. 1863, 60; Manual, 139. Porter, Hayd. Rep. 1871, 481. Coulter,
same, 1872, 764. Watson, Proc. Am. Acad. 11. 134. Brew. & Wats. Bot. Calif.
io:

L. myrtifolius. Muhl.; Willd. Spee. 3.1091. Persoon, 2. 305. Poir. Suppl.
2.776. Pursh, 471. James, Cat. 186. Seringe, DC. Prodr. 2. 371. Torrey, Com-
pend. 263; Ann. Lyc. N. Y. 2.180; FIN. Y. 1.158; Sitgr. Rep. 158. Hook. Fl.
Bor.-Am. 1. 160. Don, Mill. 2. 334. Beck, Bot. 90. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 275.
Kat. & Wr. 292. Dietr. 4.1114. Gray, Manual, 1 ed. 94. Chapman, 99. Wood,
Bot. & FI. 86.

L. stipulaceus. LeConte, Torr. Cat. Pl. N. Y. 92. Seringe, DC. Prodr. 2. 371.
Hook. FI. Bor.-Am. 1. 160. Don, Mill. 2. 333.

LL. decaphyllus, var. minor. Hook. & Arn. Bot. Beechey, 158.

L. venosus, var. 8. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 274. Durand, Pl. Pratten. 85; Fl. Utah, -
161. Torrey, Pac. R. Rep. 4.77. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad..8. 381. . Watson, Pl.
Wheeler, 8. ;

Orobus myrtifolius. Alefeld, Bot. Zeit. 18. 162; Bonplandia, 9. 145.

L. polyphyllus. Watson, King’s Rep. 5. 78. Porter, Hayd. Rep. 1871, 481. Coul- —
ter, same, 1872, 764.

L. pubescens. Nutt.; Porter, Fl. Col. 32.

Var. (angustifolius). Gray, Pl. Wright. 2.52. Torrey, Sitgr. Rep. 157; Mex.
Bound. 49.

L. polymorphus. Nutt. Genera, 2. 96. Spreng. Neue Entdeck. 1. 289. Seringe,
DC. Prodr. 2. 371. Don, Mill. 2.334. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1.277. Nees, Pl. Neu-Wied}
8. Dietr. 4.1114. Gray, Pl. Fendl. 30; Pl. Wright. 2. 32; Pac. R. Rep. 12. 41; Ives’s§
Rep. 10, in part; Proc. Acad. Philad. 1863, 60. Engelm. Pl. Upp. Miss. 188. Tor-
rey, Sitgr. Rep. 157; Pac. R. Rep. 4.77; Mex. Bound. 49. Porter, Fl. Col. 32.
Watson, Pl. Wheeler, 8; Proc. Am. Acad. 11.134. Brew. & Wats. Bot. Calif.

1. 160. ‘
L. decaphyllus. Pursh, 471. Poir. Suppl. 5. 691. Bradbury, Cat. 337., James,
Long’s Exp. 1. 63. Don, Mill. 2. 333. Eat. & Wr. 295.

Vicia stipulacea. Pursh, 739. Poir. Suppl. 5. 472. Bradbury, Cat. 337.
L. myrtifolius. Spreng. Syst. 3. 264.
Orobus polymorphus. Alefeld, Bonplandia, 9. 146.

L. polyphyllus. Nutt.; Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1.274. Eat. & Wr. 292. Walp. Rep.
1.720. Dietr. 4.1114. Durand, Fl. Utah, 1612 Cooper, Pac. R. Rep. 12. 589
Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 8. 381. Watson, same, 11. 133. Brew. & Wats. Bot. Calif.
eens:

L. pratensis, Linn. Gray, Manual, 140.

Lathyrus.] LEGUMINOS. 931
L. pusillus. Elliott, 2.223. Seringe, DC. Prodr. 2. 871. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 278.
Eat. & Wr. 2938. Walp. Rep. 1.719. Dietr. 4.1118. Chapman, 99. Wood, Bot.
& Fl. 85. Gray, Hall’s Pl. Texas, 7. Watson, Proc. Am. Acad. 11. 133.
L. sulphureus. Brewer; Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 7. 899. Watson, same, 11. 133.
Brew. & Wats. Bot. Calif. 1. 159.

L. ochroleucus, var. ‘Torrey, Pac. R. Rep. 4. 77.

L. Torreyi. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 7. 557 & 8. 380.
Bot. Wilkes, 267. Watson, Proc. Am. Acad. 11. 154.
1. 160.

L. (2) villosus. Torrey, Cooper, Pac. R. Rep. 4. 58.
L. venosus. Muhl.; Willd. Spec. 3. 1092. Persoon, 2. 305. Poir. Suppl. 2. 776.
Pursh, 471. Bigelow, Fl. Bost. 167. Nutt. Genera, 2.96. Seringe, DC. Prodr.
2.371. Spreng. Syst. 3. 264. Torrey, Compend. 263; Nicol. Rep. 147; Pac. R.
Rep. 7.9 2; Mex. Bound. 49? Hook. Fl. Bor-Am. 1. 160; Lond. Journ. Bot. 6. 207 4
Sweet, Brit. Fl. Gard. 2 ser. t. 37. Beck, Bot. 90. Don, Mill. 2.353. Torr. &
Gray, Fl. 1.274. Hat. & Wr. 292. Walp. Rep..1. 720. Wietr. 4.1114. Parry, Pl.
Minn. 610. Engelm. Pl. Upp. Miss. 188. Gray, Pac. R. Rep. 12. 41; Manual, 139.
Cooper, Pac. R. Rep. 12.58. Chapman, 99. Pl. Bourgeau, 256. Watson, Proc.
| Am. Acad. 11.133. Brew. & Wats. Bot. Calif. 1. 159.
L. decaphyllus. Wook. Fl. Bor.-Am. 1. 159; Bot. Mag. t. 3123.
| Orobus venosus. A. Braun, Ind. Sem. h. Berl. 1853.
| Orobus Muhlenbergii. Alefeld, Bonplandia, 9. 146.
: L. ochroleucus. Torrey, Bot. Wilkes, 267.
Var. Californicus. Watson, Proc. Am. Acad. 11.133. Brew. & Wats. Bot.
me Calif. 1. 159)

ZL. venosus. Benth. Pl. Hartw. 807. Boland. Cat. to.

@ L. decaphyllus. Hook. & Arn. Bot. Beechey, 138.

L. venosus, var. Torrey, Pac. R. Rep. 4. 76. Durand, Pl. Pratten, 85.

2 Orobus Californicus. Alefeld, Bonplandia, 9. 146.
L. vestitus. Nutt.; Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1.276. Eat. & Wr. 292. Walp. Rep.
1.721. Dietr. 4.1114. Torrey, Pac. R. Rep. 4. 76 & 7.9; Mex. Bound. 49. Bo-
land. Cat. 10. Watson, Proc. Am. Acad. 11. 134. Brew. & Wats. Bot. Calif. 1. 159.

i. strictus. Nutt.; Torr. & Gray, El. 1.276. Eat. & Wr. 293)" Walp. Rep:
1.721. Dietr. 4. 1114.

@ L. venosus, var. Durand, Pl. Pratten. 85..

L. venosus, var. grandiflorus. Torrey, Pac. R. Rep. 4. 77.

L. maritimus. Torrey, Mex. Bound. 49.

Orobus vestitus. Alefeld, Bonplandia, 9. 145.

Boland. Cat. 10. Torrey,
Brew. & Wats. Bot. Calif.

L. albidus ; oehroleucus.
Americanus ; Baptisia perfoliata.

L. myrtifolius ; paluster & polymorphus.
ochroleucus ; sulphureus & venosus.

Californicus ; maritimus.

decaphyllus ; paluster, polymorphus &
venosus.

diffusus & dissitifolius ; Vicia Ameri-
cana.

glaucifolius ; ochroleucus.

Lanszwertii ; paluster.

linearis ; Vicia Americana.

maritimus ; vestitus.

pisiformis ; Maritimus & ochroleucus.

polymorphus ; Nevadensis, ornatus &
paluster.

polyphyllus, pubescens & stipulaceus ;
paluster.

strictus ; vestitus.

venosus, maritimus, Nevadensis, pa-
luster & vestitus.

villosus ; 'Torreyi.

232 LEGUMINOS &. [Lespedeza.

LESPEDEZA angustifolia. Elliott, 2.206. DC. Prodr. 2. 349. Spreng. Syst.
3.202. Torrey, Compend. 266. Beck, Bot. 87. Don, Mill. 2. 308. Eat. & Wr.
298. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 12. 57. ,

L. capitata, var. angustifolia. Pursh, 480. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 568. Gray, Man-
ual, 138; Am. Journ. Sci. 3. 7. 153. Maxim. Syn. 379 & 380, referring it mostly to—
L. hirta, var.

L. capitata. Michx. Fl. 2. 71. Persoon, 2.518. Pursh, 480. Nutt. Genera,
+= 108. DC. Prodr. 2. 349. Bigelow, Fl. Bost. 2 ed. 272. Spreng. Syst. 3. 202.
Beck, Bot. 87. Don, Mill. 2. 308. Hook. Comp. Bot. Mag. 1. 23. Torr. & Gray,

Fl. 1. 368. Eat. & Wr. 298. Torrey, Fl. N. Y. 1.184; Frem. Rep. 88; Pac. 1
Rep. 4.82. Dietr. 4. 1162. Gray, Pl. Fendl. 37; Manual, 138; Proc. Am. Acad.
12.57. Bertol. Bot. Mise. 9.14. Parry, Pl. Minn. 611. Engelm. Pl. Upp. Miss.
189. Chapman, 101. Maximowicz, Syn. Lesped. in Act. Hort. Petrop. 2. 380.

1 Hedysarum umbellatum. Walter, 184.

Hedysarum frutescens. Willd. co 3. 1193, not Linn. Ait. f. Hort. Kew, 4. 543.
Bigelow, Fl. Bost. 169.

Hedysarum conglomeratum. Poir. Dict. 6. te

L. fruticosa. Persoon, 2. 518. ps: Syst. 5. 202.

Hallia conglomerata. Poir. Suppl. 3. 3.

L. frutescens. Elliott, 2. 206. Torrey, Compend. 266. Beck, Bot. 87. Don,
Mill. 2. 808. Darlington, Fl. Cestr. 421. Eat. & Wr. 298. -

Var. longifolia. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1.868. Maxim. Syn. 580.
L. longifolia. DC. Prodr. 2. 549. Don, Mill. 2. 308. Eat. & Wr. 298.

Var. sericea. Hook. Comp. Bot. Mag. 1.25. Maxim. Syn. 380.

L. hirta. Elliott, 2. 207. Torrey, Compend. 267; Fl. N. Y. 1. 183. Torr. & Gray,
Fl. 1. 368. Eat. & Wr. 298. Dietr. 4. 1162. Engelm. Pl. Upp. Miss. 189. Gray,
Pac. R. Rep. 12. 42; Manual, 158; Proc. Am. Acad. 12.57. Lesqx. Fl. Ark. 357.
Chapman, 101. Maxim. Syn. 579.

Hedysarum hirtum. Linn. Spec. 748. Walter, 185. Willd. Spec. 8.1195. Poir.
Dict. 6.409. Ait. f. Hort. Kew. 4. 544. Bigelow, Fl. Bost. 170.

L. polystachya. Michx. Fl. 2.71, t.40. Persoon, 2. 318. Pursh, 480. DC.
Prodr. 2. 349. Bigelow, Fl. Bost. 2 ed. 272. Spreng. Syst. 3. 202. Hook. Fl. Bor.
Am. 1. 156. Beck, Bot. 87. Don, Mill. 2. 308. Darlington, Fl. Cestr. 421.

Hallia hirta. Poir. Suppl. 3. 3.

Var. angustifolia. Maxim. Syn. 579.
L. leptostachya. Engelm.; Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 12. 57.
L. repens. Barton, Prodr. Fl. Philad. 2.77? Beck, Bot. 88. Torr. & Gray, Fl.
1. 8367. Eat. & Wr. 298. Torrey, Fl. N. Y. 1.182. Gray, Pl. Fendl. 37; Manual,
137; Hall’s Pl. Texas, 7; Am. Journ. Sci. 3. 7.153. Walp. Ann. 3. 850. (bets
FL. Ark. 357. Chapman, 100. Maxim. Syn. 563.

Hedysarum repens. inn. Spec. 749. Hill, Veg. Syst. 21, t. 39, fig. 2. Walter,
185. Willd. Spec. 3.1201. Poir. Dict. 6. 425. Persoon, 2. 822. Spreng. Syst.
3. 318.

H. prostratum. Muhl.; Willd. Spee. 3. 1200. Poir. Dict. 6. 428. Persoon, 2. 252.

H. Lespedeza. Poir. Dict. 6. 415.

L. procumbens. Michx. Fl. 2. 70, t. 39. Persoon, 2. 318. Pursh, 481. Nutt.
Genera, 2. 108. Elliott, 2. 207. DC. Prodr. 2. 350. Spreng. Syst. 3. 205. Torrey,
Compend. 267; Fl. N. Y. 1. 182. Beck, Bot. 88. Don, Mill. 2. 308. Darling. Fl.
Cestr. 422. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 366. Eat. & Wr. 298. Lesqx. Fl. Ark. 357. Gray,
Manual, 187. Wood, Bot. & FL. 90.

Lespedeza.] LEGUMINOS&. 235

Hallia Lespedeza. Poir. Suppl. 3. 3.

L. prostrata. Pursh, 481. Nutt. Genera, 2.108. Elliott, 2. 208. DC. Prodr.
2. 350. . Bigelow, Fl. Bost. 2 ed. 274. Spreng. Syst. 3. 203. Torrey, Compend. 267.
Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am. 1. 156; Comp. Bot. Mag. 1.23. Beck, Bot. 88. Don, Mill.
2. 308.

Desmodium repens. DC. Prodr. 2. 358. Don, Mill. 2. 291.
L. striata, Hook. & Arn. Gray, Am. Naturalist, 1. 495; Am. Journ. Sci. 3. 7. 153
Porter, Am. Naturalist, 2. 59.
L. reticulata. Persoon, 2. 318. Nutt. Genera, 2. 107. DC. Prodr. 2. 348. Spreng.
Syst. 3.202. Torrey, Compend. 267. Hook. Fl. Bor. -Am. 1. 156. Beck, Bot. 86.
Bertol. Bot. Mise. 9. 18. Maxim. Syn. 565.

Hedysarum violaceum. Linn. Spec. 749, in part. Walter, 185. Willd. Spec.
3. 1195.
| H. reticulatum. Willd. Spec. 3.1194. Poir. Dict. 6. 415. Bigel. Fl. Bost. 170.

H. sessiliflorum. Poir. Dict. 6. 414. Curtis, Journ. Bost. Soe. 1. 123.
LL. sessiliflora. Michx F1.2.70,in part. Pursh,481. Nutt. Genera, 2. 107.

Elliott, 2.204. Bigel. Fl. Bost. 2 ed. 273. DC. Prodr. 2. 349. Spreng. Syst.
98.202. Torrey, Compend. 267. Beck, Bot. 86. Darling. Fl. Cestr. 420. Eat. &
| Wr. 298.
Hallia reticulata & sessiliflora. Poir. Suppl. 3. 3.

L. violacea. Elliott, 2. 205.

L violacea, var. sessiliflora. Don, Mill. 2.307. Torr. & Gray, FI. 1. 367. Tor-
rey, Fl. N. Y. 1. 185; Mex. Bound. 57.. Chapman, 101. Gray, Manual, 137.

L. violacea, var. reticulata. Don, Mill. 2. 307. Chapman, 101.

Var. angustifolia. Maxim. Syn. 566.

| Medicago perce: Linn. Spec. 778. Hill, Veg. Syst. 22, t. 46, fig. 1. Des-
rous. in Lam. Dict. 3. 628.

Hedysarum junceum. Walter, 185.

Hedysarum reticulatum. Muhl.; Willd. Spec. 3. 1194.

L. sessiliflora. Michx. FI. 2. 70, in part.

Hallia juncea. Poir. Suppl. 3. 3.

L. frutescens. DC. Prodr. 2. 349, excl. syn.

L. angustifolia. Hook. Comp. Bot. Mag. 1. 23. Darling. Fl. Cestr. 420.

L. violacea, var. angustifolia. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 367. Torrey, Fl. N. Y. 1. 183.
Gray, Manual, 137.
L. Stuvei. Nutt. Genera, 2.107. Elliott, 2.204. DC. Prodr. 2. 349. Spreng.
Syst. 5. 202. Torrey, Compend. 266. Beck, Bot. 87. Don, Mill. 2. 308. Hook.
Comp. Bot. Mag. 1.23. Darling. Fl. Cestr. 422. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 367; Pac.
R. Rep. 2. 163. Eat. & Wr. 298. Walp. Rep. 1. 748. | Dietr. 4. 1162. Chapman,
101. Gray, Manual, 137. Maxim. Syn. 360.

L. Nuttallii. Darling. Fl. Cestr. 2 ed. 420.

L. violacea. Persoon, 2. 318. Pursh, 481. Nutt. Genera, 2. 108. Bigel. Fl. Bost.
2 ed. 273. DC. Prodr. 2. 350.. Spreng. Syst. 3.202. Torrey, Compend. 267; FI.
| N. Y. 1.183. Beck, Bot. 87.. Hook. Comp. Bot. Mag. 1.23. Don, Mill. 2. 807.
| Torr. & Gray, FI. 1. 367, excl. vars. Eat. & Wr. 298. Dietr. 4.1162. Lesqx. FI.
Ark. 357. Chapman, 100. Gray, Manual, 137. Maxim. Syn. 362. Macoun &
Gibson, Trans. Bot. Soc. Edinb. 12. 321

Hedysarum violaceum.” Linn. Spee. 749, excl. syn. Hill, Veg. Syst. 21, t. 38,
| fig. 3. Ait. Hort. Kew. 3. 65. Poir. Dict. 6. 415. Bigel. Fl. Bost. 171.
Fare inn frutescorie.. Linn. Spec. 749. Walter, 185.
E'schynomene frutescens. Poir. in Lam. Dict. 4. 451.

234 LEGUMINOSZ. [Lespedeza. Lupinus.

Hedysarum divergens. Muhl.; Willd. Spec. 3.1196. Poir. Dict. 6. 415. Bigel.
F). Bost. 171. ;

Llallia frutescens & violacea. Poir. Suppl. 3. 3. ,

L. divergens. Pursh, 481. Bigel. Fl. Bost. 2 ed. 273. Elliott, 2.205. DC.
Prodr. 2: 350. Eat. & Wr. 298.

L. vivlacea, var. divergens. Don, Mill. 2. 307.

L. angustifolia; capitata & reticulata. L. fruticosa & longifolia ; capitata.
coriacea ; Desmodium ciliarg. Nuttallii; Stuvei.
cylisoides ; Rhynchosia galactioides. polystachya ; hirta.
divergens ; violacea. procumbens & prostrata ; repens.
Jrulescens ; capitata & reticulata. sessiliflora & violacea ; reticulata.

LEUCZ5NA retusa. Benth. in Gray, Pl. Wright. 1.64; Rev. Mim. in Linn.
Trans. 50. 443. Gray, Pl. Wright. 2. 55. Walp. Ann. 4.617. Torrey, Mex.
Bound. 61.

Acacia Sabeana. Buckley, Proc. Acad. Philad. 1861, 453; fide Gray in same,
1862, 163.
LOTUS. See under Hosackia.

I. Americanus; H. Purshiana. L. sericeus & unifoliolatus; HH. Pursh-
Macrei; A. subpinnata. jana. ;
micrantha ; H. parviflora. Wrangeliana ; H. subpinnata.

pinnatlus ; HT. bicolor.

LUPINUS affinis. Agardh, Syn. Lup. 20,in part. Torr. & Gray, FI. 1. 376.
Hook. & Arn. Bot. Beechey, 335. Walp. Rep. 1. 600. Dietr. 4. 940. Lind]. Journ.
Hort. Soc. Lond. 8.312. Boland. Cat. 8. Watson, Rev. Lup. in Proc. Am. Acad.
8. 535. Brew. & Wats. Bot. Calif. 1. 122.

2 L.cervinus. Kellogg, Proce. Calif. Acad. 2. 229, fig. 73.

L. albicaulis. Dougl.; Hook. Fl. Bor-Am. 1.165. Don, Mill. 2. 866. Agardh,
Syn. 29. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1.378. Eat. & Wr. 307. Walp. Rep. 1. 602. Dietr:
4.942. Durand, Pl. Pratten. 86. Boland. Cat. 8. Watson, Rev. Lup. 527. Tor-
rey, Bot. Wilkes, 280. Brew. & Wats. Bot. Calif. 1. 118.

L. Mexicanus. Torrey, Sitgr. Rep. 158, not Lag.

L. luxjflorus. Torrey, Pac. R. Rep. 4. 81, not Dougl.

L. foliosus. Nutt.; Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 8. 379.

Var. Bridgesii. Watson, Rev. Lup. 527. Brew. & Wats. Bot. Calif. 1. 119.

L. Andersoni. Watson, King’s Rep. 5. 58; Rey. Lup. 551. Brew. & Wats. Bot.
Calitsry 20:

Var. (?) Grayi. Watson, Rey. Lup. 531. Brew. & Wats. 1. c.

L. arboreus. Sims, Bot. Mag. t. 682. Persoon, 2.294. Willd. Enum. 762.
Ait. f. Hort. Kew. 4. 287. Poir. Suppl. 3. 520. DC. Prodr. 2. 409. Spreng. Syst.
5. 226. Don, Mill. 2. 368. Spach, Hist. Veg. 1. 353. Agardh, Syn. 25. Lindl.
Bot. Reg. 24, t. 32. Walp. Rep. 1.601. Dietr. 4.941. Benth. Pl. Hartw. 305.
Torrey, Mex. Bound. 57; Bot. Wilkes, 281. Boland. Cat. 8. Watson, Rev. Lup.
525. Brew. & Wats. Bot. Calif. 1. 117.
L. sericeus. Esch. in Mem. Acad. Petersb. 10. 289 (Litt.-Ber. zu Linnea, 1828,
151), not Pursh.

Lupinus.] LEGUMINOS &. 230

L. arboreus, var. odoratissimus. Fisch. & Mey. in Ind. Sem. h. Petrop. 2. 16.

L. rivularis. Agardh, Syn. 24. Torr. & Gray, FI. 1. 376, chiefly. Hook. &
Arn. Bot. Beechey, 335. Dietr. 4.941. Durand, Pl. Pratten. 86. Torrey, Mex.
Bound. 57.

L. macrocarpus. Wook. & Arn. Bot. Beechey, 158. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 381.
Walp. Rep. 1. 604. Dietr. 4.943. Newberry, Pac. R. Rep. 6.71. Boland. Proc.
Calif. Acad. 3. 79.

L. arcticus. Watson, Rev. Lup. 526.

L. perennis. Richard. Journ. Frankl. 17.. Hook. Fl. Bor-Am. 1. 163, in part.
Hook. & Arn. Bot. Beechey, 123. Ledeb. Fl. Ross. 1. 511. Seem. Bot. Herald,
98 & 51. Hook. f. Arct. Pl. 289. Rothr. Fl. Alask. 445.

L. argenteus. Pursh, 468. Poir. Suppl. 5.722. DC. Prodr. 2.408. Spreng.
Syst. 8.227. Hook. Fl. Bor-Am. 1.164. Don, Mill. 2.367. Torr. & Gray, FI.
1.377, in part. Eat. & Wr. 307. Watson, Rev. Lup. 532. Porter, Fl.Col.20. Brew.
& Wats. Bot. Calif. 1. 121.

L. tenellus. Dougl.; Don, Mill. 2. 367. Agardh, Syn. 27.

LE. laxiflorus, vars. foliosus & tenellus. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1.377. Walp. Rep. 1. 602.

L. ornatus. Newberry, Pac. R. Rep. 6. 70.

Var. decumbens. Watson, Rev. Lup. 532. Porter, Fl. Col.20. Rothrock, Pl.
Wheeler, 37.

LL. argenteus. James, Cat. 186.

L. decumbens. Torrey, Ann. Lye. N. Y. 2.191. Don, Mill. 2.367. Torr. &
Gray, Fl. 1.381. Eat. & Wr. 306. Walp. Rep. 1. 604. Dietr. 4. 943. Gray, PI.
Fendl. 38. Engelm. Pl. Upp. Miss. 190. Porter, Hayd. Rep. 1870, 474.

L. laxiflorus. Hook. in Lond. Journ. Bot. 6.215. Gray, Pl. Fendl. 88; Am.
Journ. Sci. 2. 33. 411. Coulter, Hayd. Rep. 1872, 763.

L. ornatus. Torrey, Frem. Rep. 89, mostly.

L. laxiflorus, var. tenellus. Porter, Hayd. Rep. 1871, 480.

Var. argophyllus. Watson, Rev. Lup. 5532. Porter, Fl. Col. 20.

L. ornatus. Torrey, Frem. Rep. 89, in part.

L. decumbens, var. argophyllus. Gray, Pl. Fendl. 37. Torrey, Pac. R. Rep. 4. 81.
Durand, Fl. Utah, 163 2
L. aridus. Dougl.; Lindl. Bot. Reg. 15, t.1242. Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am. 1. 165.
Don, Mill. 2. 8367. Spach, Hist. Veg. 1. 352. Agardh, Syn. 31. Torr. & Gray, FI.
1. 379. Eat. & Wr. 307. Walp. Rep. 1. 603. Dietr. 4. 942. Boland. Cat. 8. Wat-
son, Rey. Lup. 553. Brew. & Wats. Bot. Calif. 1. 122.

Var. Lobbii. Watson, Rev. Lup. 533. Brew. & Wats. 1. c.
Var. Utahensis. Watson, Rey. Lup. 534.
L. aridus* Watson, King’s Rep. 5. 57, in part.
L. barbiger. Watson, Rey. Lup. 528.
L. brevicaulis. Watson, King’s Rep. 5. 53, t.'7; Rev. Lup. 539. Parry, Am.
Naturalist, 9.270. Brew. & Wats. Bot. Calif. 1. 125.

L. pusillus. Anderson, Cat. Pl. Ney. 119, in part.

L. Breweri. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 6. 334. Anderson, Cat. Pl. Nev. 119. Wat-
son, King’s Rep. 5. 58; Rev. Lup. 554. Brew. & Wats. Bot. Calif. 1. 122.
L. Burkei. Watson, Rev. 525. Brew. & Wats. Bot. Calif. 1. 118.

L. polyphyllus. Anderson, Cat. Pl. Nev. 119. | Watson, King’s Rep. 5. 55. Por-
ter, Hayd. Rep. 1871, 480. Coulter, same, 1872, 763.

L. 2 Watson, King’s Rep. 6. 58.

256 LEGUMINOSZ. [Lupinus.

L. cespitosus. Nutt.; Torr. & Gray, Fl.1.379. Walp. Rep. 1. 603. Dietr.
4.942. Gray, Proc. Acad. Philad. 1863, 59. Porter, Hayd. Rep. 1871, 480; Fl.
Col. 20. Coulter, Hayd. Rep. 1872, 763. Watson, Rey. Lup. 533. Rothrock, PI.
Wheeler, 37.
L. calearatus. Kellogg, Proc. Calif. Acad. 2. 195, fig.60. Anderson, Cat. Pl.
Ney. 119. Watson, King’s Rep. 5. 56; Rev. Lup. 531. Brew. & Wats. l.c. 121.
L. decumbens, var. argophyllus. Torr. & Gray, Pac. R. Rep. 2. 121.
L. laxiflorus & L. sulphureus. Watson, King’s Rep. 5. 55 & 57.

L. Chamissonis. Eschscholtz, Mem. Acad. Petersb. 10. 288 (Litt.-Ber. zu Lin-
nea, 1828, 151). Presl, Repert. Bot. 1. 198. Don, Mill. 2. 867. Agardh, Syn. 32.
Hook. & Arn. Bot. Beechey, 336. Walp. Rep. 1. 603. Brew. & Wats. 1. c. 117.

L. albifrons. Benth. Trans. Hort. Soc. Lond. 2 ser. 1.410; Pl. Hartw. 303.
Lindl. Bot. Reg. 19, t. 1642 (Litt.-Ber. zu Linnea, 1835, 80). Agardh, Syn. 35.
Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 380. Hook. & Arn. Bot. Beechey, 336. Walp. Rep. 1. 603.
Dietr. 4. 942. Torrey, Pac. R. Rep. 4.81; Mex. Bound. 57; Bot. Wilkes, 281.
Newberry, Pac. R. Rep. 6. 70. Boland. Proc. Calif. Acad. 5. 79; Cat. 8. Watson,
Rey. Lup. 523.

L. sericeus. ook. & Arn. Bot. Beechey, 158.

L. ornatus. Torrey, Pac. R. Rep. 4.81; Mex. Bound. 57. Boland. Cat. 8.

L. Douglasti & L. littoralis. Torrey, Mex. Bound. 57 & 58.

L. holosericeus. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 8. 379.

Var. longifolius. Watson, Bot. Calif. 1. 117.
L. rivularis. Torrey, Pac. R. Rep. 4. 81.

Var. longebracteatus. Watson, Bot. Calif. 1. 117.
L. macrocarpus. Torrey, Pac. R. Rep. 4. 81.

L. concinnus. Agardh, Syn. 6,t.1. Hook. & Arn. Bot. Beechey, 335. Torr. &
Gray, Fl. 1.872. Walp. Rep. 1. 596. Dietr. 4.937. Gray, Ives’s Rep. 9. Wat-
son, Rev. Lup. 537. Brew. & Wats. Bot. Calif. 1. 124.

L. pusillus. Torrey, Mex. Bound. 57, in part.

Var. (?) Arizonicus. Watson, Rev. Lup. 537. Brew. & Wats. 1. c.

L. sparsiflorus. Torrey, Pac. R. Rep. 4. 81, in part.

L. hirsutissimus. Gray, Ives’s Rep. 9.

L. confertus. Kellogg, Proc. Calif. Acad. 2, 192, fig.59. Watson, Rey. 530.
Brew. & Wats. Bot. Calif. 1. 120.

L. Torreyi. Gray; Watson, King’s Rep. 5. 58.

L. sellulus. Kellogg, Proce. Calif. Acad. 5. 36.

L. densiflorus. Bentham, Trans. Hort. Soc. Lond. 2. 1.409. Lindl. Bot. Reg.
20, t, 1689 (Litt.-Ber. zu Linnea, 1835, 56). Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 371. Walp. Rep.
1. 595 & 605. Dietr. 4. 936 & 945. Torrey, Pac. R. Rep. 4.81. Boland. Cat. 8.
Watson, Rev. Lup. 538. Brew. & Wats. Bot. Calif. 1. 124.

L. Menziesti. Agardh, Syn.2. Hook. & Arn. Bot. Beechey, 335. Torr. &
Gray, Fl. 1.371. Walp. Rep. 1. 595; Ann. 7. 674. Benth. Pl. Hartw. 303. Hook.
Bot. Mag. t. 5019. Journ. d’Hort. 1.2, t. 3. Fl. Serres, 14. 175, t. 1458.

L. suceulentus. Dougl.; Koch, Wochenschr. Gertn. 4.276; Ind. Sem. h. Berl.
1867, Appx. 11.

L. Menziesii, var. aurea. Kellogg, Proc. Calif. Acad. 5. 16.

L. diffusus. Nutt. Genera, 2.93. Elliott, 2.192. DC. Prodr. 2. 410. Don, Mill.
2.569. Eat. & Wr. 507. Walp. Rep. 1. 605. Chapman, 89. Wood, Bot. & Fl.
90. Watson, Rev. Lup. 523.

L. villosus, var. diffusus. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 382.

Lupinus. | LEGUMINOSZ. Dour

L. Douglasii. Agardh, Syn. 34. Hook. & Arn. Bot. Beechey, 336. Torr. & Gray,
Fl. 1. 380. Walp. Rep. 1. 603. Dietr. 4. 948. Durand, Pl. Pratten. 862 Watson,
Rey. Lup. 524. Brew. & Wats. Bot. Calif. 1. 117.

L. flexuosus. Lindl.; Agardh, Syn. 54. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 381. Walp. Rep.
1. 605. Dietr. 4. 948. Cooper, Pac. R. Rep. 12. 59. Watson, Rey. Lup. 530.

L. gracilis. Agardh, Syn. 15,t.1. Hook. & Arn. Bot. Beechey, 335. Torr. &
Gray, Fl. 1. 372. Walp. Rep. 1.598. Dietr. 4. 986. Watson, Rey. Lup. 537. Brew.
& Wats. Bot. Calif. 1. 124.

L. Grayi. Watson, Proc. Am. Acad. 11. 126. Brew. & Wats. Bot. Calif. 1. 119.

L. hirsutissimus. Benth. Trans. Hort. Soc. Lond. 2. 1.409. Agardh, Syn. 4.
Hook. & Arn. Bot. Beechey, 335. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1.872. Walp. Rep. 1. 595.
Dietr. 4. 986. Torrey, Pac. R. Rep. 7. 10; Mex. Bound. 57, in part. Boland. Cat. 8.
Watson, Rev. Lup. 537. Brew. & Wats. Bot. Calif. 1. 124.

L. sparsiflorus. Torrey, Pac. R. Rep. 4. 81, in part.
L. holosericeus. Nutt.; Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1.580. Walp. Rep. 1. 604. Dietr.
4. 943. Watson, Rev. Lup. 532; Pl. Wheeler, 7. Brew. & Wats. Bot. Calif. 1. 121.

L. ornatus or argenteus. Anderson, Cat. Pl. Nev. 119.

L. leucopsis & L. meionanthus, var. heteranthus. Watson, King’s Rep. 5. 56.

L. flecuosus. Watson, |. ¢., in part, and var.

Var. Utahensis. Watson, Rev. Lup. 538.
L. albicaulis. Torrey, Stansb. Rep. 886. Durand, Fl. Utah, 163.
L. leucopsis, var. Watson, King’s Rep. 5. 56.
L. Kingii. Watson, Rev. Lup. 534.
L. aridus. Watson, King’s Rep. 5. 57, in part.
L. Sileri. Watson, Proc. Am. Acad. 10. 345; Am. Naturalist, 9.270. Rothr.
Pl. Wheeler, 37. Brandegee, Fl. S. W. Col. 234.

L. laxiflorus. Dougl.; Lindl. Bot. Reg. 14, t.1140. Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am. 1. 164.
Don, Mill. 2. 868. Agardh, Syn. 27. Spach, Hist. Veg. 1. 352. Torr. & Gray, FI.
1. 377, excl. vars.; Pac. R. Rep. 2.121% Eat. & Wr. 307. Walp. Rep. 1. 602.
Dietr. 4. 941. Cooper, Pac. R. Rep. 12. 59? Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 8. 379. Wat-
son, Rev. Lup. 551; Pl. Wheeler, 7. Brew. & Wats. Bot. Calif. 1. 121.

L. arbustus. Dougl.; Lindl. Bot. Reg. 15, t.1230. Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am. 1. 164.
Don, Mill. 2.368. Spach, Hist. Veg. 1. 351. Eat. & Wr. 306.

L. foliosus. Hook. in Lond. Journ. Bot. 6. 215.

¢ L. decumbens. Torrey, Pac. R. Rep. 4. 81.

2 L. caudatus. Kellogg, Proc. Calif. Acad. 2. 198, fig. 61.

L. argenteus & L. flexuosus in part. Watson, King’s Rep. 5. 55.

L. lepidus. Dougl.; Lindl. Bot. Reg. 14, t.1149. Hook. Fl. Bor-Am. 1. 163.
Don, Mill. 2. 867. Spach, Hist. Veg. 1. 352. Agardh, Syn. 17. Lodd. Bot. Cab.
t.1980. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1.374. Eat. & Wr. 306. Walp. Rep. 1.599. Dietr.
4.939. Newberry, Pac. R. Rep. 6.71. Cooper, same, 12. 58. Watson, Rey. 530.
Torrey, Bot. Wilkes, 280. Brew. & Wats. Bot. Calif. 1. 120.

LL. concinnus. Durand, Pl. Pratten. 86.

L. flecuosus. Watson, King’s Rep. 5. 55, in part.
L. leptophyllus. Benth. Trans. Hort. Soc. Lond. 2. 1.409. Lindl. Bot. Reg. 20,
t.1670. Agardh, Syn. 11. Hook. & Arn. Bot. Beechey, 335. Torr. & Gray, FI.
1.573. Walp. Rep. 1.597. Dietr. 4.938. Torrey, Pac. R. Rep. 4.81. Gray,
Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist. 7.146. Watson, Rev. Lup. 536. Brew. & Wats. Bot.
Calif. 1. 123.

ee

238 LEGUMINOS. [Lupinus.

L. leucophyllus. Dougl.; Lindl. Bot. Reg. 13,t.1124. Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am. 1. 165.
Don, Mill. 2. 367. Spach, Hist. Veg. 1. 348. Agardh, Syn. 31. Torr. & Gray, Fl.
1.379. Eat. & Wr. 307. Torrey, Frem. Rep. 89; Bot. Wilkes, 280. Dietr. 4. 942.
Gray, Pl. Fendl. 332; Proc. Am. Acad. 8.379. Newberry, Pac. R. Rep. 6. 71.
Cooper, same, 12. 52. Anderson, Cat. Pl. Nev. 119. Watson, King’s Rep. 5. 57;
Rey. Lup. 529; Pl. Wheeler, 7. Porter, Hayd. Rep. 1871, 480. Coulter, same, 1872,
763. Brew. & Wats. Bot. Calif. 1. 119.

L. plumosus. Dougl.; Lindl. Bot. Reg. 15, t.1217. Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am. 1. 165.
Don, Mill. 2. 367. Spach, Hist. Veg. 1. 348. Agardh, Syn. 32. Hook. & Arn.
Bot. Beechey, 556. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 380. Eat. & Wr. 307. Walp. Rep. 1. 603.
Dietr. 4. 942.

L. albicaulis. Wook. in Lond. Journ. Bot. 6, 216, in part.

L. littoralis. Dougl.; Lindl. Bot. Reg. 14, t. 1198. Graham, Edinb. Phil. Journ.
1829, 185. Hook. Bot. Mag. t. 2952; Fl. Bor-Am. 1.164. Don, Mill. 2. 367.
Agardh, Syn. 86. Hook. & Arn. Bot. Beechey, 335. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 381.
Eat. & Wr. 307. Walp. Rep. 1. 604. _Dietr. 4. 943. Cooper, Pac. R. Rep. 12. 58.
Boland. Cat. 8. Watson, Rey. Lup. 526. Torrey, Bot. Wilkes, 281. Brew. &
Wats. Bot. Calif. 1. 118.

LL. Nutkatensis, var: fruticosus. Sims, Bot. Mag. t. 2136.

L. versicolor. Lindl. Bot. Reg. 23, t. 1979, not Sweet. Spach, Hist. Veg.
1.551. Maund, Bot. Gard. 13,t.615. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1.376. Walp. Rep.
1. 607. Dietr. 4. 940.

L. Nutkatensis, var. glaber. Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am. 1. 163.

L. Nutkatensis. Cooper, Pac. R. Rep. 12. 58.

L. luteolus. Kellogg, Proc. Calif. Acad. 5. 38. Brew. & Wats. Bot. Calif. 1. 125.

L. Bridgesii. Gray ; Watson, Rey. Lup. 538.

L. Lyallii. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 6.554. Watson, Rey. Lup. 534. Brew. &
Wats. Bot. Calif. 1. 122.

Var. Danaus. Watson, Rey. Lup. 534. Brew. & Wats. 1. ¢.

L. meionanthus. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 6. 522. Anderson, Cat. Pl. Ney. 119.
Watson, King’s Rep. 5. 56; Rev. Lup. 533. Brew. & Wats. Bot. Calif. 1. 121.
L. micranthus. Dougl.; Lindl. Bot. Reg. 15, t. 1251. Hook. FI. Bor.-Am. 1. 162.
Don, Mill. 2. 366. Spach, Hist. Veg. 1. 345. Agardh, Syn. 14. Hook. & Arn.
Bot. Beechey, 335. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 373. Eat. & Wr. 307. Walp. Rep. 1. 598.
Dietr. 4. 9388. Newberry, Pac. R. Rep. 6.70. Cooper, same, 12. 58. Torrey, Mex.
Bound. 57; Bot. Wilkes, 279. Boland. Cat. 8. Watson, Rey. Lup. 535. Brew. &
Wats. Bot. Calif. 1. 123.

L. nanus, var. Benth. Pl. Hartw. 303.

L. bicolor. Torrey, Mex. Bound. 57. Gray, Proce. Am. Acad. 8. 379.

Var. bicolor. Watson, Rev. Lup. 536. Brew. & Wats. Bot. Calif. 1. 125.
L. bicolor. Lindl. Bot. Reg. 18, t.1109. Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am. 1. 162. Don, Mill.
2. 366. Spach, Hist. Veg. 1. 344. Agardh, Syn. 14. Hook. & Arn. Bot. Beechey,
335. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1.3873. Eat. & Wr. 307. Walp. Rep. 1. 598. Dietr. 4. 938.
Torrey, Pac. R. Rep. 4. 81, in part. Newberry, same, 6. 70.
L. gracilis. Durand & Hilgard, Pac. R. Rep. 5. 7, in part.
Var. microphyllus. Watson, Rev. Lup. 535. Brew. & Wats. Bot. Calif.
1. 123.
Var. trifidus. Watson,l.c. Brew. & Wats. 1. c¢.
L. bicolor, Torrey, Pac. R. Rep. 4. 81, in part.

Lupinus.] LEGUMINOS&. 259

L. microcarpus. Sims, Bot. Mag. t. 2413. DC. Prodr. 2. 408. Don, Mill. 2. 366.
Agardh, Syn. 2. Hook. & Arn. Bot. Beechey, 21 & 335. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 371.
Walp. Rep. 1. 595. JDietr. 4. 936. Gray, Proc. Bost. Soe. Nat. Hist. 7. 146.
Watson, Rev. Lup. 538. Torrey, Bot. Wilkes, 279. Brew. & Wats. 1. c. 124.

L. densiflorus. Agardh, Syn. 3. Benth. Pl. Hartw. 303. Hook. & Arn. Bot.
Beechey, 335-

L. Menziesii. ‘Torrey, Mex. Bound. 57.

L. palustris & lacteus. Kellogg, Proc. Calif. Acad. 5. 16 & 37.
L. minimus. Dougl.; Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am. 1. 163. Don, Mill. 2. 367 & 476.
Agardh, Syn. 16. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1.374. Eat. & Wr. 306. Walp. Rep. 1. 598.
Dietr. 4.939. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 6. 335 & 8. 379. Watson, Rey. Lup. 534.
Torrey, Bot. Wilkes, 279. Brew. & Wats. Bot. Calif. 1. 122.
L. nanus. Dougl.; Benth. Trans. Hort. Soc. Lond. 2. 1. 409, t.14, & Pl. Hartw.
303. Don, in Sweet’s Brit. Fl. Gard. 2 ser. t. 257. Agardh, Syn. 11. Lindl. Bot.
Reg. 20, t.1705. Maund, Bot. Gard. 13, t. 578. Hook. & Arn. Bot. Beechey, 335.
Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 373. Walp. Rep. 1. 597. Dietr. 4.938. Durand, Pl. Pratten.
86. Torrey, Pac. R. Rep. 4.81. Newberry, same, 6.70. Boland. Cat.8. Wat-
son, Rev. Lup. 535. Brew. & Wats. Bot. Calif. 1. 123.

L. affinis. Agardh, Syn. 20, in part. Torrey, Mex. Bouad. 57, in part.

L. nanus, var. latifolius. Benth. Pl. Hartw. 305. Torrey, Pac. R. Rep. 4. 81.

L. sparsiflorus. Torrey, Pac. R. Rep. 5. 360. Gray, Ives’s Rep. 9.

L. bicolor. Gray, Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist. 7. 146.
L. Nootkatensis.. Donn, Cat. Hort. Cant. Sims, Bot. Mag.t.1311. Ait. f.
Hort. Kew. 4. 286. Pursh, 467. Poir. Suppl. 5. 722. Lodd. Bot. Cab. t. 879. DC.
Prodr. 2. 408. Hook. Fl. Bor-Am. 1. 163, excl. var. Cham. in Linnea, 6. 548.
Don, Mill. 2.366. Spach, Hist. Veg. 1.351. Agardh, Syn.21. Hook. & Arn.
Bot. Beechey, 335. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1.375. Eat. & Wr. 306. Ledeb. FI. Ross.
1.512. Dietr. 4. 940. Regel, Ind. Sem. h. Petrop. 1857 (Walp. Ann. 7. 674).
Rothr. Fl. Alask. 445. Watson, Rev. Lup. 524.

L. variegatus. Poir. Suppl. 3. 520.

L. Nutkanus. Spreng. Syst. 3. 227.

LL. macrorrhizos. Georgi, Beschr. Ross. 4. 1162.

L. Blaschkeanus. Fisch. & Mey.; C. A. Meyer, Ind. Sem. h. Petr. 11, Suppl. 57.

Var. Unalaskensis. Watson, Rev. Lup. 524.
L. regius. Rudolphi.

L. Nuttallii. Watson, Rev. Lup. 526.

L. gracilis. Nutt. in Journ. Philad. Acad. 7. 115, not Agardh.

L. perennis, var. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 376. Chapman, 89.
L. onustus. Watson, Proc. Am. Acad. 11. 127. Brew. & Wats. Bot. Calif. 1. 120.
L. ornatus. Dougl.; Lindl. Bot. Reg. 14, t.1216. Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am. 1. 164.
Don, Mill. 2. 367. Sweet, Brit. Fl. Gard. 2. ser. t. 212. Maund, Bot. Gard. 10,
t.438. Spach, Hist. Veg. 1.349. Agardh, Syn. 28. Torr. & Gray, FI. 1. 378.
Fat. & Wr. 306. Walp. Rep. 1. 602. Dietr. 4. 942. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 8. 379.
Watson, Rey. Lup. 528. Porter, Fl. Col. 19. Torrey, Bot. Wilkes, 280. Brew. &
Wats. Bot. Calif. 1. 119.

L. leucopsis. Agardh, Syn. 29. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 378. Walp. Rep. 1. 602.
Dietr. 4. 942.

L. argenteus. Agardh, Syn. 27. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 377, in part. Walp. Rep.
1. 602. Dietr. 4. 942.

L. sericeus. Cooper, Pac. R. Rep. 12. 52.

240 LEGUMINOS2&. [Lupinus.

Var. (?) glabratus. Watson, Rev. Lup. 528. Porter, Fl. Col. 19.

L. ornatus. Torrey, Frem. Rep. 89, in part. Engelm. Pl. Upp. Miss. 190. Gray,
Proc. Acad. Philad. 1863, 59. Porter, Hayd. Rep. 1870, 474; 1871, 480. Coulter,
same, 1872, 763.

L. Palmeri. Watson, Rey. Lup. 530. Brew. & Wats. Bot. Calif. 1. 120.

L. parviflorus. Nutt.; Hook. & Arn. Bot. Beechey, 336. Torr. & Gray, FL
1.375. Walp. Rep. 1. 599. Dietr. 4.939. Porter, Hayd. Rep. 1870, 474; Fl. Col.
20. Watson, King’s Rep. 5. 54; Rev. Lup. 531; Pl. Wheeler, 7. Gray, Proc. Am.
Acad. 8. 379. Coulter, Hayd. Rep. 1872, 763. Brew. & Wats. Bot. Calif. 1. 120.

L. perennis. Linn. Spec. 721. Hill, Veg. Syst. 20, t. 54, fig. 1. Walter, 180.
Desrous. in Lam. Dict. 3. 621; Ill. t. 616. Ait. Hort. Kew. 2.28. Curtis, Bot. Mag.
t. 202. Willd. Spec. 3. 1022. Michx. Fl. 2.55. Persoon, 2. 293. Pursh, 467.
Bigel. Fl. Bost. 267. Barton, Fl. N. Am. 2. 4, t. 38. . Elliott, 2.191. DC. Prodr.
2.408. Spreng. Syst. 3.227. Torrey, Compend. 263. Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am. 1. 163,
in part. Maund, Bot. Gard. 7, t. 310. Don, Mill. 2. 366. Beck, Bot. 92. Spach,
Hist. Veg. 1. 350. Darling. Fl. Cestr. 431. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 376, in part. Eat.
& Wr. 506. Walp. Rep. 1.601. Parry, Pl. Minn. 611. Engelm. Pl. Upp. Miss. 190.
Gray, Pac. R. Rep. 12. 42; Manual, 126. Chapman, 89. Watson, Rev. Lup. 526.

Var. occidentalis. Watson, Rev. Lup. 526.

L. polyphyllus. Lindl. Bot. Reg. 13, t. 1096, & 16,t.1377. Hook. Fl. Bor.-
Am. 1. 164; Lond. Journ. Bot. 6. 216. Maund, Bot. Gard. 7, t.291. Don, Mill.
2. 366. Spach, Hist. Veg. 1. 347. Reichenb. Fl. Exot. t. 176. Agardh, Syn. 17.
Hook. & Arn. Bot. Beechey, 138.’ Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 875. Eat. & Wr. 306. Walp.
Rep. 1.599. Dietr. 4. 989. Newberry, Pac. R. Rep. 6.70. Cooper, same, 12. 58.
Regel, Ind. Sem. h. Petrop. 1866, 108. Boland. Cat. 8. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad.
8. 379. Watson, Rev. Lup. 524. Torrey, Bot. Wilkes, 280. Brew. & Wats. Bot.
Calif. 1. 117.

L. grandijolius. Lindl.; Agardh, Syn. 18. Hook. & Arn. Bot. Beechey, 335.
Walp. Rep. 1. 599.

L. macrophyllus. Benth.; Don, Sweet’s Brit. Fl. Gard. 2 ser. t. 356 & Addenda.
Walp. Rep. 1. 599.
L. pusillus. Pursh, 468. Poir. Suppl. 5. 722. Bradbury, Cat. 337. Nutt. Gen-
era, 2.93. James, Cat. 186. DC. Prodr. 2. 408. Spreng. Syst. 3.228. Torrey,
Ann. Lyc. N. Y. 2. 191; Nicol. Rep. 149; Sitgr. Rep. 158; Mex. Bound. 57, in part ;
Bot. Wilkes, 279. Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am. 1. 162; Lond. Journ. Bot. 6. 216. Don, Mill.
2. 366. Agardh, Syn. 15. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1.374. Eat. & Wr. 807. Walp. Rep.
1.598. Gray, Pl. Wright. 2. 49; Pl. Thurb. 300; Ives’s Rep.9; Pac. R. Rep.
12. 42; Proc. Acad. Philad. 1863, 59. Engelm. Pl. Upp. Miss. 190. Anderson, Cat.
Pl. Nev. 119, in part. Porter, Hayd. Rep. 1870, 474; 1871, 480; Fl. Col. 20. Wat-
son, King’s Rep. 5. 53; Rev. Lup. 538. Coulter, Hayd. Rep. 1872, 763. othr.
Pl. Wheeler, 37. Parry, Am. Naturalist, 9.270. Brew. & Wats. Bot. Calif. 1. 125,
L. rivularis. Dougl.; Lindl. Bot. Reg. 19, t.1595 (Litt-Ber. zu Linnza, 1855,
16). Spach, Hist. Veg. 1. 353. Walp. Rep. 1. 601. Watson, Rev. Lup. 525. Tor-
rey, Bot. Wilkes, 280. Brew. & Wats. Bot. Calif. 1. 118.

L. cytisoides. Agardh, Syn. 18. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 375. Walp. Rep. 1. 599.
Torrey, Mex. Bound. 57, in part.

L. latifolius? Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 8. 379.

Var. latifolius. Watson, Rev. Lup. 525. Brew. & Wats. I. c.

L. latifolius. Agardh, Syn.18. Lindl. Bot. Reg. 22, t.1891. Hook. & Arn.

Bot. Beechey, 335. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1.375. Walp. Rep. 1. 599. Dietr. 4. 939.

Lupinus] LEGUMINOS&. 241

Durand, Pl. Pratten.86% Torrey, Pac. R. Rep. 4.81. Newberry, same, 6. 70 ?
Boland. Cat. 8.

L. eytisoides. Torrey, Mex. Bound. 57, in part.
L. Sabinii. Dougl.; Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am. 1. 166. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1.378. Eat.
& Wr. 307. Walp. Rep. 1. 602. Dietr. 4. 942. Watson, Rey. Lup. 527. Brew. &
Wats. Bot. Calif. 1. 118.

L. Sabinianus. Dougl.; Lindl. Bot. Reg. 17, t. 1435. Don, Mill. 2. 867. Spach,
Hist. Veg. 1. 849. Agardh, Syn. 30.
L. sericeus. Pursh, 468. Poir. Suppl. 5. 722. DC. Prodr. 2. 408. Spreng. Syst.
3. 227. Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am. 1. 164. Don, Mill. 2. 367. Agardh, Syn. 31. Hook.
& Arn. Bot. Beechey, 336. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1.379,in part. Eat. & Wr. 306.
Walp. Rep. 1. 608. Benth. Bot. Sulph. 11. Dietr. 4. 942. Watson, King’s Rep.
5. 57; Rev. Lup. 529. Coulter, Hayd. Rep. 1872, 763% Torrey, Bot. Wilkes, 281.
Brew. & Wats. Bot. Calif. 1. 119.

L. ornatus. Nutt. in Journ. Acad. Philad. 7. 20.

L. albicaulis. Wook. in Lond. Journ. Bot. 6. 216, in part.

L. affinis. Torr. & Gray, Pac. R. Rep. 2. 121.

L. flexuosus. Watson, King’s Rep. 5. 55, in part.
L. Sitgreavesii. Watson, Rev. Lup. 527; Pl. Wheeler, 7. Brandegee, Fl. S. W.
Col. 234. Brew. & Wats. Bot. Calif. 1. 119.

L. Mexicanus.. Gray, Pl. Wright. 2. 49, at least in part. Torrey, Mex.
Bound. 57.
L. sparsiflorus. Benth. Pl. Hartw. 303. Walp. Ann. 2. 319.
Bound. 57. Watson, Rev. 586. Brew. & Wats. Bot. Calif. 1. 123.

L. gracilis. Durand & Hilgard, Pac. R. Rep. 5. 7, in part.
L. Stiveri. Kellogg, Proc. Calif. Acad. 2. 192, fig. 58. Watson, Rev. Lup. 537.
Brew. & Wats. Bot. Calif. 1. 125. ;
L. subcarnosus. Hook. Bot. Mag. t. $467. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1.372. Walp.
Rep. 1. 596. Dietr. 4.957. Scheele, Roem. Texas, 428. Gray, Pl. Wright. 1. 54;
Hall’s Pl. Texas, 7. Torrey, Mex. Bound. 57. Watson, Rev. Lup. 536.

L. bimaculatus. Wook.; Don, Sweet’s Brit. Fl. Gard. 2 ser. t. 314. Walp. Rep.
1. 596.

L. Texensis. Hook. Bot. Mag. t. 3492. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 372. Walp. Rep.
1. 596. Engelm. & Gray, Pl. Lindh. 54. Dietr. 4. 957. Scheele, Roem. Texas, 428.
Gray, Pl. Lindh. 177. :
L. sulphureus. Dougl.; Hook. Fl. Bor-Am. 1. 166. Don, Mill. 2. 367. Agardh,
Syn. 30. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 378. Eat. & Wr. 307. Walp. Rep. 1. 602. Dietr.
4.942. Watson, Rey. Lup. 528.

@ L. sericeus. ‘Torr. & Gray, FI. 1. 379, in part.
L. truncatus. Nutt.; Hook. & Arn. Bot. Beechey, 356. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 373.
Walp. Rep. 1. 597. Dietr. 4. 958. Torrey, Mex. Bound. 57. Boland. Cat. 8.
Watson, Rev. Lup. 536. Brew. & Wats. Bot. Calif. 1. 123.
L. uncialis. Watson, King’s Rep. 5. 54,t.7; Rey. Lup. 539. Brew. & Wats.
Bot. Calif. 1. 125.
L. villosus. Willd. Spec. 3.1029. Persoon, 2.294. Ait. f. Hort. Kew. 4. 287.
Poir. Suppl. 3. 519. Pursh, 486, t. 21. Nutt. Genera, 2. 93. Elliott, 2.191. DC.
Prodr. 2.410. Spreng. Syst. 3. 228. Don, Mill. 2. 369. Agardh, Syn. 41. Torr.
& Gray, Fl. 1. 382. Eat. & Wr. 507. Walp. Rep. 1. 605. Chapman, 89. Wood,
Bot. & Fl. 90. Watson, Rev. Lup. 522.

16

Torrey, Mex.

242

LYSILOMA latisiliqua.
with syn.

Acacia latisiliqua. Willd. Spee. 4. 1067. Nutt. Sylva, 2. 34, t. 53.
Benth. in Hook. Lond. Journ. 5. 82.

Griseb. F]. Brit. W. Ind. 221.

Hook. Comp. Bot. Mag. 1. 21.
Torr. & Gray, FI. 1. 321.

MEDICAGO penticurata, Willd.
Arn. Bot. Beechey, 137.
Pac. R. Rep. 4.79 & 7. 10; Mex, Bound. 53.
Gray, Manual, 128; Hall’s Pl. Texas, 7.

Calif. 1. 183.

LEGUMINOS 2.
L. pilosus. Walter, 180. Michx. Fl. 2. 56.
L. integrifolius. Desrous. in Lam. Dict. 3. 627.

. Wyethii.
L. sericeus.

Watson, Rev. Lup. 525.

. albifrons ; Chamissonis.

albicaulis ; holosericeus, leucophyllus,
sericeus.

argenteus ; laxiflorus, ornatus.

arbustus ; laxiflorus.

aridus ; WKingii.

bicolor ; micranthus, nanus.

bimaculatus ; subearnosus.

Blaschkeanus ; Nootkatensis.

Bridgesii ; luteolus.

caudatus ; laxiflorus.

cervinus ; aftinis.

concinnus ; lepidus.

cytisoides ; vivularis.

decumbens; argenteus,
laxiflorus.

densiflorus ; microcarpus.

Douglasii ; Chamissonis, ornatus.

Jlexuosus ; holosericeus, laxiflorus, lep-
idus, sericeus.

Joliosus; albicaulis, laxiflorus.

gracilis ; micranthus, Nuttallii, spar-
siflorus.

grandifolius ; polyphyllus.

hirsutissimus ; concinnus.

holosericeus ; Chamissonis.

lacteus ; microcarpus.

integrifolius ; villosus.

latifolius ; rivularis.

laxiflorus ; albicaulis, argenteus, cal-
caratus.

leucopsis ; holosericeus, ornatus.

littoralis ; Chamissonis.

calcaratus,

LL. Bahamensis.
Acacia Bahamensis.

Nutt. in Journ. Acad. Philad. 7. 19.

LI. macrocarpus ; arboreus, Chamissonis.

Boland. Cat. 9.

(eee a

[Lupinus. Medicago.:

macrophyllus ; polyphyllus.

macrorrhizos ; Nootkatensis.

meionanthus ; holosericeus.

Menzesii; densiflorus, microcarpus.

Mezxicanus ; albicaulis, Sitgreavesii.

nanus ; micranthus.

Nootkatensis ; littoralis.

ornatus ; argenteus, Chamissonis, ho-
losericeus, sericeus.

palustris ; microcarpus.

perennis ; arcticus, Nuttallii.

pllosus ; villosus.

plumosus ; leacophyllus.

polyphyllus ; Burkei.

pusillus ; brevicaulis, concinnus.

regius ; Nootkatensis.

rivularis ; arboreus, Chamissonis.

sellulus ; confertus.

sericeus ; arboreus, Chamissonis, or-
natus, sulphureus, Wyethii.

Sileri ; Kingii.

sparsiflorus ;
mus, nanus.

succulentus ; densiflorus.

sulphureus ; calcaratus.

tenellus ; argenteus.

Texensis ; subcarnosus.

Torreyi ; confertus.

variegatus ; Nootkatensis.

versicolor ; littoralis.

villosus ; diffusus.

2; Burkei.

concinnus, hirsutissi-

Benth. Rey. Mim. in Trans. Linn. Soe. 30. 534,

Hook. &
Eat. & Wr. 316. Torrey,
Smith, Proc. Acad. Philad. 1867, 19.
Brew. & Wats. Bot.

‘Medicago. Mimosa.] LEGUMINOS.Z. 243

M. maculata. Hook. & Arn. Bot. Beechey, 330.

M. inTeERTEXTA, Willd. Pursh, 490. Elliott, 2.248. Beck, Bot.78. Torr. &
Gray, Fl. 1. 822. Eat. & Wr. 315.

M. polymorpha, vay. intertexta. Walter, 186.
M. cupvurina, Linn. Walter, 186. Michx. Fl. 2.60. Pursh, 490. Bigel. Fl. Bost.
278. Elliott, 2.247. Torrey, Compend. 272; Fl. N. ¥Y.1.172. Hook. FI. Bor.-
Amt. 129; Comp. Bot. Mag.1.21. Beck, Bot. 78. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 322.
Eat. & Wr. 315.. Chapman, 90. Gray, Manual, 128. Brew. & Wats. Bot. Calif.
1. 183.
M. macurata, Willd. Hook. Comp. Bot. Mag.1.21. Torr. & Gray, FI. 1. 321.
Fat. & Wr. 815. Smith, Proc. Acad. Philad. 1867, 18. Gray, Manual, 128.

M. nicra, Willd. Elliott, 2.248. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 522.

M. sariva, Linn. Darling. Fl. Cestr. 405. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1.321. Hat. & Wr.
815. Torrey, Fl. N. Y. 1.171; Mex. Bound. 53. Gray, Pl. Fendl. 33; Pl. Wright.
1. 50 & 2:41; Manual, 128. Cooper, Pac. R. Rep. 12.58. Boland. Cat.9. Wat-
son, King’s Rep. 5. 58. Coulter, Hayd. Rep. 1872, 763. Brew. & Wats. Bot. Calif.
1. 132.
MELILOTUS area, Lam. Eat. & Wr. 317. Chapman, 90. Gray, Manual, 128.
Watson, King’s Rep. 5. 58; Pl. Wheeler, 7. Brew. & Wats. Bot. Calif. 1. 152.

M. officinalis. Pursh, 477. Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am. 1. 180.

M. officinalis, var. alba. Nutt. Genera, 2. 104.

M.leucantha, Koch. Beck, Bot. 78. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1.821. Torrey, FI.
N. Y. 1.171. Gray, Manual, 1 ed. 108.

M. Inpica, All. Benth. in Mart. Fl. Bras. 152. 54.

M. parviflora, Desf. Hook. Comp. Bot. Mag. 1. 22. Hook. & Arn. Bot. Beechey,
137. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1.321. Eat. & Wr. 317. Gray, Pl. Fendl. 33; Pl. Wright.
2.41. Torrey, Pac. R. Rep. 4. 79 & 7.9; Mex. Bound. 54; Bot. Wilkes, 272.
Cooper, Pac. R. Rep. 12.58. Smith, Proc. Acad. Philad. 1867, 18. Boland. Cat.
9g. Watson, King’s Rep. 5. 58. Brew. & Wats. Bot. Calif. 1. 152.

M. occidentalis. Nutt.; Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1.321. Eat. & Wr. 517.

M. orricrnais, Willd. Elliott, 2.199. Torrey, Compend. 264; Fl. N. Y. 1. 170.
Beck, Bot. 78. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1.320. Chapman, 90. Gray, Manual, 128.
Brew. & Wats. Bot. Calif. 1. 132.

Trifolium officinale, Linn. Bigel. Fl. Bost. 169.

M. vulgaris. Eat. & Wr. 317.

MIMOSA acanthocarpa. Benth. in Hook. Journ. Bot. 4. 409; Rev. Mim. 428,
with syn.

M. biuncifera. Torrey, Mex. Bound. 61, in part.
| WM. Berlandieri. Gray in Torrey, Mex. Bound. 61. Walp. Ann. 7. 829. Benth.
Rey. Mim. in Trans. Linn. Soc. 30. 428.
| ™. biuncifera. Benth. Pl. Hartw. 12; Hook. Journ. Bot. 4. 409; Rey. Mim. 428.
| Walp. Rep. 1.881. Gray, Pl. Wright. 1.61 &2.51. Torrey, Mex. Bound. 61, in
part. Watson, Pl. Wheeler, 8.
| ™M. borealis. Gray, Pl. Fendl. 39; Pl. Wright. 1.61 & 2. 51. Walp. Ann. 2. 451.
) Torr. & Gray, Pac. R. Rep. 2.164. Torrey, Mex. Bound. 60. Benth. Rey. Mim.
| 426, t. 66, fig. Watson, Pl. Wheeler, 8.

Var. (?) Texana. Gray, Pl. Lindh. 182; Pl. Wright. 1.61. Benth. 1. c. 426.
M. dysocarpa. Benth. in Gray, Pl. Wright. 1.62; Rev. Mim. 414, t. 66, fig.
| Gray, Pl. Wright. 2.51. Walp. Ann. 4. 616. Torrey, Mex. Bound. 60.

«

244 LEGUMINOS&. [Mimosa. Olneya.

M. Emoryana. Benth. Rey. Mim. 426.

M. flexuosa. Benth. in Gray, Pl. Wright. 1.62; Rev. Mim. 428. Gray, Pl. 7
Wright. 2.51. Walp. Ann. 4. 616. Torrey, Mex. Bound. 61.

M. fragrans. Gray, Pl. Lindh. 182; Pl. Wright. 1. 61 & 2. 51; Hall’s Pl. Texas,
8. Walp. Ann. 2, 451. Torrey, Mex. Bound. 60. Benth. Rey. Mim. 426.

M. Grahami. Gray, Pl. Wright. 2.52. Walp. Ann. 4.615. Seem. Bot. Herald,
282. Benth. Rev. Mim. 428.

M. Lindheimeri. Gray, Pl. Lindh. 181; Pl. Wright. 2.51. Walp. Ann. 2. 450.
Torrey, Mex. Bound. 60. Benth. Rev. Mim. 429.

M. malacophylla. Gray, Pl. Lindh. 182; Pl. Wright. 1.62. Walp. Ann. 2. 451.
Torrey, Mex. Bound. 60. Benth. Rev. Mim. 423.

Var. glabrata. Benth. Rev. Mim. 423.
Var. glabra. Gray; Torrey, Mex. Bound. 61.
M. pupica, Linn. Chapman, 116.
M. strigillosa. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1.399. Walp. Rep. 1.879. Benth. in Hook.

Journ. Bot. 4. 402; Rev. Mim. 436. Dietr. 4. 472. Torrey, Mex. Bound. 61. Chap-
man, 115. Wood, Bot. & Fl. 82. Gray, Hall’s Pl. Texas, 7.

M. Wrightii. Gray, Pl. Wright. 2.52. Walp. Ann. 4.615. Benth. 1. c. 417.

M. zygophylla. Benth. in Gray, Pl. Wright. 1. 61; Rev. Mim. 425. Walp. Ann.
4, 616.

M. biuncifera; acanthocarpa. M. horridula ; Schrankia uncinata.
calcarea ; Prosopis cinerascens. Lilinoensis ; Desmanthus brachylo-
contortuplicata ; Desmanthus brachy- bus.

lobus. Rameriana; Schrankia platycarpa.
Jilicioides ; Acacia filicina. virgata ; Neptunia lutea.

glandulosa ; Desmanthus brachylobus.

NEPTUNIA lutea. Benth. in Hook. Journ. Bot. 4. 356; Rev. Mim. in Trans.
Linn. Soc. 30. 384. Walp. Rep. 1. 863. Engelm. & Gray, Pl. Lindh. 8. Gray, Pl.
Wright. 1.61; Hall’s Pl. Texas, 8. Torrey, Mex. Bound. 60, in part. Chapman,
117. Wood, Bot. & FI. 82.

Mimosa virgata. Bartram, Tray. 421.

Acacia lutea. Leavenworth, Am. Journ. Sci. 1. 7. 61. Hook. Comp. Bot. Mag.
1.24. Raf. New Flora, 1.41. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1.403. Eat. & Wr. 111. Torrey,
Marcy’s Rep. 285.

Darlingtonia virgata. Raf. Fl. Lud. 444; New Flora, 45.

N. oleracea. Lour. Fl. Cochinch. 654. Griseb. Fl. Brit. W. Ind. 217. Benth.
Rey. Mim. 383, with syn. '
N. pubescens. Benth. in Lond. Journ. Bot. 4. 356; Rey. Mim. 384.
N. lutea. Torrey, Mex. Bound. 60, in part.
WN. tenuis. Benth. ll. ec. 355 & 384. Walp. Rep. 1. 863.

Desmanthus lacustris. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 402. Young, Fl. Texas, 249.
OLNEYA Tesota. Gray, Pl. Thurb. 328 (Regensb. Flora, 38. 588); Ives’s Rep.
11. Torrey, Pac. R. Rep. 4. 11, 21 & 82; same, 7. 10, t. 5; Mex. Bound. 58. Brew. ©
& Wats. Bot. Calif. 1. 157,

Tesota Muller in Walp. Ann. 4. 587.

Orobus. Oxytropis.] LEGUMINOS&. 245

OROBUS. See under Lathyrus.

| O. Californicus ; Lathyrus venosus. O. longifolius ; Astragalus pictus.
| diffusus ; Vicia Americana. Muhlenbergii; Lathyrus venosus.
| dispar ; Astragalus multiflorus. myrtifoluus ; Lathyrus paluster.

dissitifolius ; Vicia Americana.

_ OXYTROPIS campestris. DC. Astrag. 74, with syn. See syn. also in Ledeb,
Fl. Ross. 1. 591; Hook. f. Arct. Pl. 289 & 524.— Richard. in Journ. Frankl. 17.
Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am. 1. 147. Don, Mill. 2. 251, fig. 40. Cham. in Linnea, 6. 546.
Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1.340. Eat. & Wr. 337. Walp. Rep. 1. 693. Ruprecht, Beitr.
_ Pfl. Russ. 2. 30. Seem. Bot. Herald, 28 & 51. Hook. f. in Journ. Linn. Soc. 1. 116,
121,124 & 5.83. Dickie, same, 3.110. Regel. & Til. in Fl. Ajan. 77. Pl. Bour-
geau, 256. MRothr. Fl. Alask. 445. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 6. 235; Manual, 133.
Matthew, Pl. Acad. 15. Porter, Fl. Col. 30. Parry, Am. Naturalist, 9. 270.

O. borealis. DC. Prodr. 2. 275. Hook. Fl: Bor.-Am. 1. 145. Don, Mill. 2. 249.
Hook. & Arn. Bot. Beechey, 122. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 358. Eat. & Wr. 338.
Trauty. & Meyer, Fl. Ochot. 26. Dietr. 4. 1069. Seem. Bot. Herald, 28.

Var. viscida. Watson, King’s Rep. 5. 77.

O. viscida. Nutt.; Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1.341. Eat. & Wr. 338. Walp. Rep.
1. 693. Dietr. 4. 1068. Rothr. Pl. Wheeler, 37.

O. campestris? Pl. Bourgeau, 256.

Var. speciosa. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 341. Gray, Pl. Fendl. 56.
O. deflexa. DC. Astrag. 96; Prodr. 2. 280, with syn. Richard. Journ. Frankl. 17.
Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am. 1. 148; Lond. Journ. Bot. 6. 212. Don, Mill. 2. 253. Torr. &
Gray, Fl. 1.342. Eat. & Wr. 388. Hook. f. Journ. Linn. Soc. 1.124; Arct. Pl.
289. Gray, Proc. Acad. Philad. 1865, 60; Proc. Am. Acad. 6. 236. Pl. Bourgeau,
255. Porter, Hayd. Rep. 1870, 475; Fl. Col. 31. Rothr. Pl. Wheeler, 36.

Astragalus deflexcus. Pall. Act. Petrop. 1779, 260, t.15. L’Her. Stirp. Nov. 167,
t. 80.

Astragalus hians. Jacq. Icon. Rar. t. 252.

Astragalus retroflexus. Pall. Astrag. t. 27.

O. foliolosa. Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am. 1. 146. Don, Mill. 2.471. Torr. & Gray, FI.
1. 339. Eat. & Wr. 338. Walp. Rep. 1. 693. Dietr. 4. 1068.

O. Lagopus. Nutt. in Journ. Acad. Philad. 7.17. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 840. Eat.
& Wr. 338. Walp. Rep. 1. 694. Dietr. 4.1068. Parry, Am. Naturalist, 8. 32.

O. Lamberti. Pursh, 740. Bradbury, Cat. 338. Nutt. Genera, 2. 98.

| Bot. Mag. t. 2147. James, Long’s Exped. 2.110. DC. Prodr. 2.277. Torrey,
Ann. Lyc. N. Y. 2. 178; Nicol. Rep. 148; Frem. Rep. 89; Stansb. Rep. 385; Sitgr.
|

Sims,

Rep. 158; Marcy’s Rep. 284; Pac. R. Rep. 4. 80; Mex. Bound. 56; Bot. Wilkes, 279.
Lindl. Bot. Reg. 13, t. 1054. Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am. 1. 147; Lond. Journ. Bot. 6. 212.
Don, Mill. 2.250. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 339 & 693; Pac. R. Rep. 2. 126 & 163.
Eat. & Wr. 338. Walp. Rep. 1. 693. Nees, Pl. Neuwied. 7. Dietr. 4. 1068. Gray,
Pl. Lindh. 177; Pl. Fendl. 35; Pl. Wright. 1. 53 & 2.45; Pac. R. Rep. 12. 42; Am.
Journ. Sci. 2. 33. 410; Proc. Acad. Philad. 1863, 60; Proc. Am. Acad. 6. 256; Man-
ual, 133. Parry, Pl. Minn. 611. Engelm. Pl. Upp. Miss. 189. Pl. Bourgeau, 256.
Porter, Hayd. Rep. 1870, 475; 1871, 481; FI. Col. 30. Coulter, Hayd. Rep. 1872,
764. Rothr. Pl. Wheeler, 36.

Astragalus Lamberti. Poir. Suppl. 5. 564. Spreng. Syst. 3. 308.
| O. Hookeriana. Nutt.; Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 340. Eat. & Wr. 338. Walp. Rep.
} 1.694. Dietr. 4. 1068.

246 . LEGUMINOSZ. ' [Oxytropis.

O. Plattensis. Nutt.; same citations. Torrey, Frem. Rep. 89. é

O. sericea. Nutt.; same citations. Hook. in Lond. Journ. Bot. 6.212. Tor- .
rey, Pac. R. Rep. 4. 80.

O. campestris. Hook. in Lond. Journ. Bot. 6. 212.
O. multiceps. Nutt.; Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1.841. Eat. © Wr. 338. Walp. Rep. —
1. 693. Dietr. 4. 1068. Hook. in Lond. Journ. Bot. 6. 212. Gray, Proc. Acad. —
Philad. 1863, 61; Proc. Am. Acad. 6. 234. Porter, Hayd. Rep. 1871, 481; Fl. Col.
30. Rothr. Pl. Wheeler, 36.

O. nana. Gray, Am. Journ. Sci. 2. 35. 410.
O. nana. - Nutt.; Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 340. Eat. & Wr. 838. Walp. Rep. 1. 694. 7
Dietr. 4. 1068. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 6. 236. Coulter, Hayd. Rep. 1872, 764. —
Porter, Fl. Col. 30.

2 O. argentata. Pursh, 473. Richard. in Journ. Frankl. 17. Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am.
1.146. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 693. ~
O. nigrescens. Fisch.; DC. Prodr. 2. 278. See syn. in Ledeb. Fl. Ross. 1. 588; —
Trautvetter, Pl. Middend. 1. 49.— Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am. 1. 147. Torr. & Gray, Fl. —
1. 840. Eat. & Wr. 388. Dietr. 4. 1068. Hook. f. Journ. Linn. Soc. 1. 121 & 124;
Arct. Pl. 289 & 824.

Astragalus nigrescens. Pall. Astrag. 65, t. 63.
O. podocarpa. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 6. 234. Brandegee, Fl. S. W. Col. 236.

O. arctica, var. inflata. Wook. Fl. Bor.-Am. 1. 146. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 339.

O. splendens. Dougl.; Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am. 1.147. Don, Mill. 2.251. Torr. &
Gray, Fl. 1. 341. Eat. & Wr. 338. Walp. Rep. 1. 690. Torrey, Nicol. Rep. 148 ;
Stansb. Rep. 385. Dietr. 4.1069. Engelm. Pl. Upp. Miss. 189. Gray, Pac. R.
Rep. 12. 42; Am. Journ. Sci. 2. 33.410; Proc. Acad. Philad. 1863, 60; Proc. Am.
Acad. 6. 236. Pl. Bourgeau, 256. Porter, Fl. Col. 31. Rothr. Pl. Wheeler, 36.

Var. Richardsoni. Hook. Fl. Bor-Am. 1. 147. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 341.
O. oxyphylla, Richard. in Journ. Frankl. 17.
O. Uralensis. DC. Astrag. 68 & Prodr. 2.276, with syn. See syn. also in Ledeb.
Fl. Ross. 1. 593. — Richard. in Journ. Frankl. 18. Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am. 1. 145. Don,
Mill. 2. 249. Nutt. in Journ. Acad. Philad. 7.18. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1.3558. Eat. 7
& Wr. 337. Walp. Rep. 1. 692. Torrey, Pac. R. Rep. 4.80. Hook. f. in Journ.
Linn. Soe. 1. 121 & 124; Arct. Pl. 289 & 324. Rothr. Pl. Alask. 445. ]
Astragalus Uralensis, Linn. Pall. Astrag. t. 42. Schlecht. Fl. Lab. in Linnea, ~
10. 99.
Var. pumila. Ledeb. Fl. Alt. 3. 290; Fl. Ross. 1. 594. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. —
6. 235. Porter, Fl. Col. 30.
O. arctica. R. Brown, Parry’s Ist Voy. Appx. 278 (Regensb. Flora, 77, Beil. 36).
DC. Prodr. 2. 276. Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am. 1. 146, in part. Don, Mill. 2. 249. Hook.
& Arn. Bot. Beechey, 122. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 338, in part. Eat. & Wr. 337. —
Trauty. Pl. Middend. 1. 49, with syn. Seem. Bot. Herald, 28 & 51. Pl. Bourgeau,
255. Gray, Proc. Acad. Philad. 1863, 60.
Astragalus arcticus. Spreng. Syst. 42. 288.
O. Uralensis, var. arctica. Ledeb. Fl. Ross. 1. 594.

O. arctica ; podocarpa, Uralensis. O. campestris ; Lamberti.
argentata ; nana. Joliolosa ; deflexa.
borealis ; campestris. Hookeriana; Lamberti.

Oxytropis. Petalostemon.] LEGUMINOSZ. 2QAT

O. nana ; multiceps. O. polaris; Astragalus polaris.
oxyphylla ; splendens. sericea ; Lamberti.
Plattensis ; Lamberti. viscida ; campestris.

PARKINSONIA aculeata. Linn. Spec. 375. Jacq. Stirp. Am. 121, t. 80.
Lam. Ill. t. 386. DC. Mem. Legum. 11, t. 21. Griseb. Fl. Brit. W. Ind. 204; PI.
Lorentz. 81. Torrey, Mex. Bound. 59. Benth. in Mart. Fl. Bras. 152. 78, t. 26.
Gray, Hall’s Pl. Texas, 8. Brew. & Wats. Fl. Calif. 1. 162.

P. spinosa. HBK. Nov. Gen. 6. 335,
_ P. florida. Watson, Proc. Am. Acad. 11. 135. Brew. & Wats. Bot. Calif. 1. 155.
Cercidium floridum. Benth. in Gray, Pl. Wright. 1. 58. Walp. Ann. 4. 594.

- P. microphylla. Torrey, Pac. R. Rep. 4.82; Mex. Bound. 59. Walp. Ann. 7. 812.
| Gray, Ives’s Rep. 11. Benth. in Mart. Fl. Bras. 152.78. Watson, Pl. Wheeler, 8 ;
Proc. Am. Acad. 11. 136. Brew. & Wats. Bot. Calif. 1. 162.
P. Texana. Watson, Proc. Am. Acad. 11. 156.

Cercidium Texanum. Gray, Pl. Wright. 1. 58 & 2. 50. Walp. Ann. 4. 694. Tor-
rey, Mex. Bound. 59.

Hoopesia arborea, Buckley, in part. See under Acacia flexicaulis,

| P. Torreyana. Watson, Proc. Am. Acad. 11.185. Brew. & Wats. Bot. Calif.
1. 162.

Cercidium floridum. Torrey, Pac. R. Rep. 4. 11 & 82; same, 5. 860, t. 3; Mex.
Bound. 59. Gray, Ives’s Rep. 11.

PARRYBELLA filifolia. Torr. & Gray; Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 7. 397.

PETALOSTEMON candidus. Michx. Fl. 2. 49, t. 37, fig.1. Persoon, 2. 268.
Pursh, 461. James, Long’s Exp. 2. 339. -DC. Prodr. 2. 243. Torrey, Ann. Lyc.
N. Y. 2.177; Nicol. Rep. 148; Frem. Rep. 88; Emory’s Rep. 408; Pac. R. Rep.
4.78; Mex. Bound. 53. Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am. 1. 137; Comp. Bot. Mag. 1. 22. Don,
Mill. 2.222. Spach, Hist. Veg. 1.245. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1.309; Pac. R. Rep.
2.126 & 163. Eat. & Wr. 348. Dietr. 4.1018. Gray, Pl. Fendl. 33; Pac. R. Rep.
12. 42; Manual, 130; Hall’s Pl. Texas, 7. Parry, Pl. Minn. 611. Engelm. Pl. Upp.
Miss. 188. Lesqx. Fl. Ark. 356. Pl. Bourgeau, 255. Porter, Hayd. Rep. 1870,
474; FI. Col. 23.

Dalea candida. Willd. Spec. 8. 1537. Spreng. Syst. 8. 826.

Psoralea candida. Poir. Dict. 5. 694.

Petalostemon virgatum. Nees, Pl. Neuwied. 6.

Var. multifoliolatus. Gray, Hall’s Pl. Texas, 7.

P. carneus. Michx. Fl. 2. 49. Persoon, 2. 268. Pursh, 461. Elliott, 2.176. DC.
Prodr. 2. 243. Don, Mill. 2.222. Spach, Hist. Veg. 1.246. Torr. & Gray, FI.
1.311. Eat. & Wr. 348. Dietr. 4.1014. Chapman, 93. Wood, Bot. & FI. 94.

Psoralea carnea. Poir. Dict. 5. 694.

Dalea carnea. Spreng. Syst. 3. 326.
P. corymbosus. Michx. Fl. 2. 50. Persoon, 2. 268. Pursh, 461. Elliott, 2. 176.
DC. Prodr. 2. 244. Don, Mill. 2.228. Spach, Hist. Veg. 1.246. Torr. & Gray,
Fl. 1.311. Eat. & Wr. 348. Dietr. 4.1014. Chapman, 93. Wood, Bot. & Fl. 94.

Anonymos pinnatifida. Walter, 102.

Kuhnistera Carolinensis. am. Dict. 3. 370.

Dalea Kuhnistera. Willd. Spec. 3. 1357. Spreng. Syst. 3. 327.

Psoralea corymbosa. Poir. Dict. 5. 694. 9

Cylipogon virgatum. Raf. Journ. Phys. 1819, 97.

248 LEGUMINOS 2. [Petalostemon, —

Var. 8. Curtis, Am. Journ. Sci. 2. 7. 406 (Bot. Zeit. 8. 529).
Gatesia Alabamensis. Bertol. Bot. Misc. 7. 51, t. 1 (Bot. Zeit. 9.899); fide
Gray in Am. Journ. Sci. 2. 14. 115.
P. decumbens. Nutt. in Journ. Acad. Philad. 7.93. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 311.
Eat. & Wr. 348. Walp. Rep. 1. 652. Dietr. 4.1014. Gray, Pl. Wright. 1. 46.
P. emarginatus. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1.311. Eat. & Wr. 348. Walp. Rep. 1. 652.
Dietr. 4.1014. Torrey, Mex. Bound. 53. Gray, Hall’s Pl. Texas, 7. Young, FI.
Texas, 221.
P. exilis. Gray, Pl. Wright. 2.41. Walp. Ann. 4. 481. . Torrey, Mex. Bound. 53.
P. flavescens. Watson, Am. Naturalist, 7. 299.
P. foliosus. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 7. 336; Manual, 679.
P. gracilis. Nutt. in Journ. Acad. Philad. 7.92. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 3809. Tat.
& Wr. 548. Walp. Rep. 1.651. Dietr. 4.1018. Gray, Pl. Fendl. 33. Torrey,
Marcy’s Rep. 283; Mex. Bound. 53. Chapman, 93. Wood, Bot. & FI. 94.
P. bicolor. Bertol. Bot. Misc. 9. 9, t. 3, fig. 1 (Bot. Zeit. 9. 902); fide Gray, Am.
Journ. Sci. 2. 14. 116.
Var. oligophyllus. Torrey, Emory’s Rep. 139.

P. griseus. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 310. Eat. & Wr. 349. Walp. Rep. 1. 651. Dietr.
4.1014. Young, Fl. Texas, 220.
P. macrostachyus. Torrey, Ann. Lyc. N. Y. 2.176; Bot. Wilkes, 270. Don,
Mill. 2.222. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 309 in part, & 690. Eat. & Wr. 348. Walp.
Rep. 1. 651. Dietr. 4. 1013. . Gray, Pl. Fendl. 33; Proc. Acad. Philad. 1865, 60.
Engelm. Pl. Upp. Miss. 189. Watson, Am. Naturalist, 7. 300. Porter, Fl. Col. 23.

Dalea compacta. Spreng. Syst. 3. 327.
P. multiflorus. Nutt. in Journ Acad. Philad. 7.92. Torr. & Gray, FI. 1. 509.
Eat. & Wr. 348. Walp. Rep. 1. 651. Engelm. & Gray, Pl. Lindh. 7. Dietr. 4. 1013.
Engelm. Pl. Upp. Miss. 189. Torrey, Marcy’s Rep. 283; Pac. R. Rep. 4. 78. Gray,
Pl. Wright. 1. 46; Hall’s Pl. Texas, 7. Young, Fl. Texas, 220.
P. obovatus. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1.310. Eat. & Wr. 348. Walp. Rep. 1. 651.
Engelm. & Gray, Pl. Lindh. 7. Dietr. 4.1014. Gray, Pl. Lindh. 81; Pl. Fendl.
33. Young, Fl. Texas, 221.

Dalea agastachya. Moric. Pl. Nouv. 65, t. 44. Walp. Rep. 2. 515.
P. ornatus. Dougl.; Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am. 1.138. Don, Mill. 2.470. Watson,
Am. Naturalist, 7. 300.

P. macrostachyus. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 309, in part. Hook. & Arn. Bot.
Beechey, 333-

Dalea ornata. Fat. & Wr. 219.
P. phleoides. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1.310. Eat. & Wr. 348. Walp. Rep. 1. 651.
Dietr. 4.1014. Young, FI. Texas, 221.

Var. microphyllus. Engelm. & Gray, Pl. Lindh. 7. Gray, Hall’s Pl. Texas, 7.

P. roseum. Nutt. in Am. Journ. Sci. 1. 5.298. DC. Prodr. 2. 243. Don, Mill.
2. 222. Chapman, Coult. Bot. Gazette, 3. 4.

P. Searlsize. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 8. 380. Watson, Am. Naturalist, 7. 300.
P. tenuifolius. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 11. 73.

P. villosus. Nutt. Genera, 2.85. Torrey, Am. Journ. Sci. 1. 4.66; Ann. Lye.
N. Y. 2. 177; Marcy’s Rep. 284; Pac. R. Rep. 4. 78. DC. Prodr. 2. 244. Don, Milli
2.222. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1.310 & 690. Eat. & Wr. 348. Dietr. 4.1013. Gray,

Petalostemon. Phaseolus.]| LEGUMINOSZ. 249

Pl. Fendl. 33; Manual, 130. Parry, Pl. Minn. 611. Engelm. Pl. Upp. Miss. 189.
Pl. Bourgeau, 255.

Dalea villosa. Spreng. Syst. 3. 326.
P. violaceus. Michx. Fl. 2. 50, t.37,f.2. Persoon, 2.268. Pursh, 461. Sims,
Bot. Mag. t.1707. Nutt. Genera, 2. 85. James, Long’s Exp. 2. 339. DC. Prodr.
2.2438. Torrey, Ann. Lyc. N. Y. 2. 177; Nicol. Rep. 148; Frem. Rep. 88; Marcy’s
Rep. 283; Emory’s Rep. 408; Pac. R. Rep. 4.78. Hook. Fl. Bor-Am. 1. 187;
Comp. Bot. Mag. 1. 22. Don, Mill. 2.222. Spach, Hist. Veg. 1. 245. Torr. & Gray,
Fl. 1. 810; Pac. R. Rep. 2.126 & 163. Kat. & Wr. 348. Nees, Pl. Neuwied.6. En-
gelm & Gray, Pl. Lindh. 7. Dietr. 4.1014. Gray, Pl. Fendl. 33; Pac. R. Rep. 12. 42;
Manual, 130; Hall’s Pl. Texas, 7. .Parry, Pl. Minn. 611. Engelm. Pl. Upp. Miss.
189. Pl. Bourgeau, 255. Porter, Hayd. Rep. 1870, 474; Fl. Col. 23. Young, Fl.
Texas, 221.

Dalea purpurea. Vent. Hort. Cels, t.40. Poir. in Lam. Ill. 3. 675, t. 980.

Dalea violacea. Willd. Spec. 3. 1337. Spreng. Syst. 8. 327.

Psoralea purpurea. Poir. Dict. 5. 694.

Var. pubescens. Gray, Pl. Lindh. 176; Pl. Fendl. 33; Pl. Wright. 1. 46.
P. virgatus. Scheele, Linnea, 21. 461. Walp. Ann. 2. 359.

P. alopecuroides ; Dalea alopecuroides. P. macrostachyus ; ornatus.
bicolor ; gracilis. roseus ; carneus.
capuatus ; Dalea aurea. virgatus ; candidus.

PETERIA scoparia. Gray, Pl. Wright. 1. 50 & 2.35. Walp. Ann. 4. 481. Tor-
rey, Mex. Bound. 51. Brandegee, FI. 8. W. Col. 234.

P. Thompsonee. Watson, Am. Naturalist, 7. 500.

PHACA. Sce under Astragalus.

P. andina; Astragalus alpinus. P. longifolia; Astragalus pictus.
ana; A. Geyeri. macrocarpa; A. lonchocarpus.
argophylla ; A. triphyllus. mollissima ; A. Purshii, Utahensis.
astragalina ; A. alpinus, tener. neglecta ; A. Cooperi.
australis ; A. Hallii. nigrescens ; A. multiflorus.
cespitosa ; A. triphyllus. Nuttallii ; A. Menziesii.
Candolliana; A. triflorus. parviflora ; A. oroboides.
canescens ; A. leucopsis. parvifolia ; A. gracilis.
cretacea ; A. Missouriensis. pauciflora ; A. leptaleus.
densifolia ; A. Crotalariz, Menziesii. podocarpa ; A. sclerocarpus.
digitata ; A. tridactylicus. pygmea; A. Chameeleuce.
elegans ; A. oroboides. sericea; A. sericoleucus.
elongata ; A. flexuosus. villosa ; A. mollissimus.

Floridana ; Sesbania vesicaria. 2 A. Webberi.

inflata ; A. Menziesii.

PHASEOLUS acutifolius. Gray, Pl. Wright. 1. 43 & 2.32. Seem. Bot. Her-
ald, 281. Walp. Ann. 4. 562.

P. angustissimus. Gray, Pl. Wright. 2.33. Walp. Ann. 4. 562. Torrey, Mex.
Bound. 50.
P. atropurpureus. Moc. Icon. Fl. Mex. ined. t. 244. DC. Prodr. 2.595. Dietr.

_ 4.1194. Torrey, Mex. Bound. 50. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 5. 156, with var.

”

250 LEGUMINOS 2. |Phaseolus.

P. diversifolius. Persoon, 2.296. Poir. Suppl. 3.6. DC. Prodr. 2. 394. Don,
Mill. 2. 355. Hook. Comp. Bot. Mag. 1. 24. Beck, Bot. 92. Torr. & Gray, Fl.
1.279 Eat. & Wr. 353. Torrey, Fl. N. Y. 1.160; Pac. R. Rep. 4.77. Gray, PIS
Lindh. 170; Pl. Wright. 1. 44; Manual, 140. Parry, Pl. Minn. 610. Chap-
man, 106. ;

P. angulosus. Ort. Nov. Pl. 24. Persoon, 2. 295. Savi, Diss. 2.1. DC. Prodr.
2. 395. Spreng. Syst. 5. 254. Don, Mill. 2. 355. i

Glycine angulosa. Muhl.; Willd. Spec. 3. 1056. Persoon, 2. 300. Ait. f. Hort.
Kew. 4. 296. Elliott, Journ. Acad. Philad. 1. 325.

2 Glycine Virginica. Spreng. in Schrad. Bot. Journ. 4. 198.

P. trilobus. Michx. Fl. 2. 60. Pursh, 470. Bigel. Fl. Bost. 286.

% Glycine pedunculosa. Raf. Med. Rep. 5. 364. Desv. Journ. Bot. 1. 227. Poir.
Suppl. 5. 693.

% Glycine angulata. Desv. Journ. Bot. 38.78. DC. Prodr. 2.242. Don, Mill.
2.221. Kat. & Wr. 256. Dietr. 4. 1175.

Strophostyles angulosa. Elliott, 2. 229. Torrey, Compend. 270.

Dolichos (%) angulosus. DC. Prodr. 2.399. Don, Mill. 2. 359.

P. filiformis. Benth. Bot. Sulph. 15. Walp. Rep. 2.537. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad.
5. 156. (Lower California.)

P. helvolus. Linn. Spec. 724. Hill, Veg. Syst. 20, t. 57, fig. 3. Walter, 182.
Lam. Dict. 3. 78. Willd. Spec. 3. 1082. Michx. Fl. 2. 60. Persoon, 2. 295. Ait.
f. Hort. Kew. 4. 289. Pursh, 470. DC. Prodr. 2. 395. Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am. 1. 162. 7
Don, Mill. 2. 355. Beck, Bot. 92. Torr. & Gray, Fl.1.280. Eat. & Wr. 352.
Walp. Rep. 1. 774. Torrey, Fl. N. Y. 1.161. Dietr. 4. 1192. Gray, Pl. Fendl. 305%
Pl. Wright. 1. 44; Manual, 140. Chapman, 106.

P. vexillatus. Walter, 182, not Linn. Pursh, 470. DC. Prodr. 2. 395, in part. —
Don, Mill. 2.355. Beck, Bot. 92. Spach, Hist. Veg. 1. 327. Darlington, Fl.
Cestr. 430.

Glycine umbellata. Muhl.; Willd. Spec. 8. 1058. Spreng. in Schrad. Bot. Journ. —
4.198. Persoon, 2. 300. Pair. Suppl. 2. 798. Elliott, Journ. Acad. Philad. 1. 826.

Glycine peduncularis. Muhl. Cat. 67. Barton, Prodr. Fl. Philad. 71. EL
liott, 1. c.

P. peduncularis & var. parabolicus. Barton, Comp. Fl. Philad. 2. 81.

Glycine Helvola. Elliott, Journ. Acad. Philad. 1. 326 (Litt-Ber. zu Linnea, —
1828, 164).

Dolichos vexillatus & parabolicus. Nutt. Genera, 2. 112.

Strophostyles peduncularis. Elliott, 2. 250.

Strophostyles Helvola. Elliott, 2. 230. Torrey, Compend. 270.

Dolichos helvolus. Nutt. Genera, 2. 112. Spreng. Syst. 8. 250.

P. macropoides. Gray, Pl. Wright. 2.33. Walp. Ann. 4. 560. Torrey, Mex.
Bound. 50.

P. pauciflorus. Benth. Comm. Legum. Gen. 76. Walp. Rep. 1.775. Dietr. —
4.1193. Gray, Pl. Wright. 1.44; Manual, 141; Hall’s Pl. dicxas, 7. Engelm. Ph
Upp. Miss. 188. Torrey, Pac. R. Rep. 4. 77.

P. leiospermus. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 280. Eat. & Wr. 353. Walp. Rep. 1. 774.
Torrey, Nicol. Rep. 147; Sitgr. Rep. 158. Dietr. 4. 1192. Gray, Pl. Fendl. 30.
P. perennis. Walter, 182. Muhl. Ind. Fl. Lane. 175. Willd. Spec. 3. 1031;
Enum. 753. Persoon, 2. 295. Poir. Suppl. 3. 5. Pursh, 469. Elliott, Journ. Acad.
Philad. 1. 524 (Litt.-Ber zu Linnea, 1828, 164); Sketch, 2. 228. DC. Prodr. 2. 391. —
Spreng. Syst. 8. 253. Torrey, Compend. 270; Ann. Lyc. N. Y. 2. 180; Fl. N. Y. 7

Phaseolus. Prosopis.] LEGUMINOSZ. D5

1. 160, t.23. Don, Mill. 2.349. Beck, Bot.91. Hook. Comp. Bot. Mag. 1. 24.
Darling. Fl. Cestr. 429. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1.279. Eat. & Wr. 352. Dietr. 4. 1189.
Chapman, 106. Gray, Manual, 140.

Dolichos polystachyus. Linn. Spee. 726. Hill, Veg. Syst. 21, t. 20. Lam. Dict.
2.298. Willd. Spee. 3. 1049.

P. paniculatus. Michx. Fl. 2. 60. Persoon, 2.295. Poir. Suppl. 3. 5.

P. macrostachys. Elliott, Journ. Acad. Philad. 1. 524 (Litt.-Ber. zu Linnea, 1828,
164). DC. Prodr. 2. 391. Don, Mill. 2. 349.
P. retusus. Benth. Pl. Hartw. 11. Walp. Rep.1.770. Gray, Pl. Lindh. 170;
Pl. Wright. 1. 43 & 2. 32. Torrey, Mex. Bound. 49.

P. maculatus. Scheele, Linnea, 21. 465.
P. rotundifolius. Gray, Pl. Wright. 2. 34. Walp. Ann. 4. 561.

P. sinuatus. Nutt.; Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1.279. Eat. & Wr. 352. Walp. Rep.
1.770. Dietr. 4.1189. Gray, Pl. Wright. 1. 48. Chapman, 106.

P. Wrightii. Gray, Pl. Wright. 1.45 & 2.33. Walp. Ann. 4. 562. Torrey, Mex.
Bound. 49.

P. angulosus ; diversifolius. P. monoicus ; Amphicarpza monoica.
Caribeus ; Rhynchosia minima. paniculatus ; perennis.
Jrutescens ; Wistaria frutescens. parabolicus & peduncularis ; helvolus.
latifolius ; Rhynchosia latifolia. Pitcheri ; Amphicarpea monoica.
leiospermus ; pauciflorus. reniformis ; Rhynchosia tomentosa.
macrostachys ; perennis. trilobus ; diversifolius.
maculatus ; retusus. tuberosus ; Apios tuberosa.
menispermoideus ; Rhynchosia meni- vexillatus ; helvolus.

spermoidea.

PICKERINGIA montana. Nutt.; Torr. & Gray, FI. 1. 389. Durand, Pl.
Pratten. 86. Torrey, Mex. Bound. 51, t.14; Bot. Wilkes, 282. Bolander, Proc.
Calif. Acad. 3.79; Cat. 10. Brew. & Wats. Bot. Calif. 1. 114. ,
PISCIDIA Erythrina. Linn. Spec. 2 ed. 993. Lam. Dict. 1. 433; ITIL. t. 605.
DC. Prodr. 2. 267, with syn. Nutt. Sylva, 2.31, t. 52. Griseb. Fl. Brit. W. Ind.
200. Chapman, 110. ;
PITHECOLOBIUM brevifolium. Benth. in Gray, Pl. Wright. 1.67; Rev.
Mim. in Trans. Linn. Soc. 30. 592. Torrey, Mex. Bound. 62.

Acacia Nueciana. Buckley, Proc. Acad. Philad. 1861, 453; fide Gray, same,
1862, 163.
P. dulce. Benth. in Hooker’s Lond. Journ. Bot. 3.199; Rev. Mim. 572, with
syn. (Sonora.)
P. Unguis-Cati. Benth. in Hook. Lond. Journ. Bot. 3. 200; Rev. Mim. 572 & 648,
with syn. Griseb. Fl. Brit. W. Ind. 226. Chapman, 116.

Inga Unguis-Cati. Willd. Spec. 4. 1006. Nutt. Sylva, 2. 37, t. 54.

P. Guadalupense. Nutt. Sylva, 2. 40, t. 55. Chapman, 116.
PROSOPIS cinerascens. Benth. Rev. Mim. in Trans. Linn. Soc. 30. 381.
Watson, King’s Rep. 5. 420. Brew. & Wats. Bot. Calif. 1. 163.

P. reptans. Benth. in Hook. Journ. Bot. 4. 552, in part.

Strombocarpa cinerascens. Gray, Pl. Wright. 1.61. Walp. Ann. 4. 614. Torrey,
Mex. Bound. 60.

Mimosa calcarea. Buckley, Proc. Acad. Philad. 1861, 453; fide Gray, same,
1862, 163.

252 LEGUMINOS&. [Prosopis. Psoralea.

P. juliflora. DC. Prodr. 2. 447. Benth. Rey. Mim. 377, with syn. Brew. & Wats.
Bot. Calif. 1. 163.
P. glandulosa. Torrey, Ann. Lye. N. Y. 2. 192, t. 2; Emory’s Rep. 139; Pac. R.
Rep. 4. 82. Don, Mill. 2.400. Dietr. 2. 1424. Tat. & Wr. 376. Walp. Rep.
1.861. Benth. in Hook. Journ. Bot. 4. 848; Lond. Journ. Bot. 5.81. Griseb. Fl.
Brit. W. Ind. 217. Watson, King’s Rep. 5. 420; Pl. Wheeler, 8. Gray, Hall’s Pl.
Texas, 7.
Algarobia glandulosa. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1.599; Pac. R. Rep. 2. 164. Engelm.
& Gray, Pl. Lindh. 34. Engelm. in Wisliz. Rep. to. Scheele, Roem. Texas, 427.
Gray, Pl. Lindh. 181; Pl. Wright. 1. 60 & 2.51; Pl. Thurb. 304; Ives’s Rep. 11.
Torrey, Sitgr. Rep. 158; Pac. R. Rep. 4. 20 & 82; same, 7. 10; Mex. Bound. 60.
P. odorata. Torrey, Frem. Rep. 313, t. 1, excl. fruit.
P, (¢) heterophylla. Benth. Rev. Mim. 879. (Sonora.)

P. pubescens. Benth. in Lond. Journ. Bot. 5. 82; Rev. Mim. 580. Walp. Ann.
1. 259. Watson, King’s Rep. 5. 420; Pl. Wheeler, 8. Brew. & Wats. Bot. Calif.
1. 165.

P. odorata. Torrey, Frem. Rep. 313, t. 1, as to fruit.

P. Emoryi. Torrey, Emory’s Rep. 139.

Strombocarpa pubescens. Gray, Pl. Wright. 1. 60 & 2. 51; Ives’s Rep. 9. ‘Torr.
& Gray, Pac. R. Rep. 2.163. Torrey, same, 4. 11,20 & 82, 7. 10, & 5. 360, t. 4; ©
Mex. Bound. 60.

Strombocarpa odorata. Torrey, Sitgr. Rep. 158.
PSORALEA argophylla. Pursh, 475. Poir. Suppl. 4. 588. Spreng. Syst.
8. 200. Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am. 2. 136,t.52. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1.501. Torrey, Nicol.
Rep. 147; Frem. Rep. 88; Marcy’s Rep. 283. Dietr. 4.1025. Gray, Pl. Fendl.
31; Pac. R. Rep. 12. 41; Proc. Acad. Philad. 1863, 60; Manual, 129. Parry, PL.
Minn. 611. Engelm. Pl. Upp. Miss. 188. Durand, Fl. Utah, 161. Pl. Bourgeau,
255. Porter, Fl. Col. 22.

P. inctma. Nutt. in Fras. Cat. 1818; Genera, 2. 102. James, Long’s Exped.
2. 336. DC. Prodr. 2.219. Don, Mill. 2.203. Eat. & Wr. 377. Nees, Pl. Neu-
wied. 7.

Var. decumbens. Gray, Pac. R. Rep. 12. 41.

P. Californica. Watson; Gray, in Proc. Am. Acad. 12. 251.

P. campestris. Nutt.; Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1.301. Eat. & Wr. 878. Walp. Rep. —
1. 659. Torrey, Frem. Rep. 88. Dietr. 4. 1025. Engelm. Pl. Upp. Miss. 188.

P. canescens. Michx. Fl. 2.57. Poir. Dict. 5. 687. Persoon, 2. 347. Pursh,
475. James, Cat. 186. Elliott, 2.195. DC. Prodr. 2. 220. Spreng. Syst. 3. 199.
Torrey, Ann. Lye. N. Y. 2.175. Don, Mill. 2. 204. Torr. & Gray; Fl. 1. 301. Eat.
& Wr. 878. Dietr. 4. 1024. Chapman, 92. Wood, Bot. & Fl. 92.

P. cuspidata. Pursh, 741. Poir. Suppl. 4. 590. Bradbury, Cat. 338. Nutt.»
Genera, 2. 102. James, Cat. 186. DC. Prodr. 2.219. Spreng. Syst. 3. 201. Tor-
rey, Ann. Lye. N. Y. 2. 175; Nicol. Rep. 148; Pac. R. Rep. 4. 77. Don, Mill. 2. 203,
Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 688; Pac. R. Rep. 2. 163. Eat. & Wr. 378. Gray, Pl. Lindh. —
172; Pl. Wright. 2. 37; Pac. R. Rep. 12. 42; Hall’s Pl. Texas, 7. Engelm. Pl. Upp.
Miss. 188. Porter, Fl. Col. 22. a

P. macrorhiza. Nutt. in Fras. Cat. 1815.

P. cryptocarpa. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 301. Eat. & Wr. 879. Walp. Rep. 1. 659.
Dietr. 4. 1025. Young, Fl. Texas, 219.

P. Remeriana. Scheele, Linnea, 21. 463.

P. cyphocalyx. Gray, Pl. Lindh. 172; Pl. Wright. 1. 45. Walp. Ann. 2. 361.

Psoralea. LEGUMINOS. 2538

P. palmata. Buckley, Proc. Acad. Philad. 1861, 451; fide Gray in same,
1862, 162.

P. digitata. Nutt.; Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1.800; Pac. R. Rep. 2.163. Eat. & Wr.
379. Walp. Rep. 1. 658. Dietr. 4. 1024. Engelm. Pl. Upp. Miss. 188. Torrey,
Pac. R. Rep. 4.77. Gray, Hall’s Pl. Texas, 7. Porter, Fl. Col. 22.

P. esculenta. Pursh, 475, t. 22. Poir. Suppl. 4. 589. Bradbury, Cat. 338.
Nutt. Genera, 2. 102. James, Long’s Exped. 2. 556. DC. Prodr. 2. 219. Spreng.
Syst. 3.200. Torrey, Ann. Lye. N. Y. 2.175; Nicol. Rep. 147; Marcy’s Rep. 283;
Emory’s Rep. 138 & 407; Mex. Bound. 51. Don, Mill. 2. 2053. Spach, Hist. Veg.
i2al. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1.302; Pac. R. Rep. 2. 163. Eat. & Wr. 377. Dietr.
4.1025. Hook. in Lond. Journ. Bot. 6.208. Parry, Pl. Minn. 611. Gray, PI.
Wright. 2. 37; Pac. R. Rep. 12. 42; Manual, 129; Hall’s Pl. Texas, 7. Engelm.
Pl. Upp. Miss. 188. Pl. Bourgeau, 255. Wood, Bot. & Fl. 98. Young, FI.
Texas, 219.

P. brachiata. Dougl.; Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am. 1. 137, t. 53. Don, Mill. 2. 469.
Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 301 & 688. Eat. & Wr. 878. Walp. Rep. 1.659. Pl. Bour-
geau, 255.

P. hypogeea. Nutt.; Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1.302. Eat. & Wr. 378. Walp. Rep.
1.659. Dietr. 4. 1025. Hook. in Lond. Journ. Bot. 6.208. Engelm. in Wisliz.
Rep. 4. Porter, Fl. Col. 22.

Var. scaposa. Gray, Pl. Lindh. 175; Pl. Wright. 1. 45.
P. lanceolata. Pursh, 475. Poir. Suppl. 4. 588. Spreng. Syst. 3. 200. Hook.
Fl. Bor.-Am. 1. 135, t. 51; Lond. Journ. Bot. 6.208. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 299.
Bat. & Wr. 377. Torrey, Nicol. Rep. 148; Frem. Rep. 88; Bot. Wilkes, 269.
Dietr. 4. 1024. Engelm. Pl. Upp. Miss. 188. Gray, Pac. R. Rep. 12. 41; Ives’s
Rep. 9; Am. Journ. Sci. 2. 33. 411; Proc. Acad. Philad. 1863, 60; Proc. Am. Acad.
8. 380. Watson, King’s Rep. 5. 63. Porter, Hayd. Rep. 1870, 474; 1871, 480; Fi.
Col. 21. Coulter, Hayd. Rep. 1872, 764. Rothrock, Pl. Wheeler, 36. Brew. &
Wats. Fl. Col. 1. 140:

P. elliptica,. Pursh, 741. Poir. Suppl. 4. 588. Bradbury, Cat. 338. Spreng.
Syst. 3. 200.

P. arenaria. Nutt. Genera, 2.102. James, Cat. 186. DC. Prodr. 2.219. Tor-
rey, Ann. Lyc. N. Y. 2.175. Don, Mill. 2. 208.

P. laxiflora & scabra. Nutt.; Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 299 & 300. Eat. & Wr. 378 &
3879. Walp. Rep. 1. 658. Dietr. 4. 1024.

P. linearifolia. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1.300. Eat. & Wr. 379. Walp. Rep. 1. 658.
Dietr. 4. 1024. Torrey, Pac. R. Rep. 4.77. Gray, Hall’s Pl. Texas, 7.

P. Lupinellus. Michx. Fl. 2.58. Poir. Dict. 5. 690. -Persoon, 2. 847. Pursh,
476. Nutt. Genera, 2.102. Elliott, 2.196. DC. Prodr. 2.220. Spreng. Syst.
3. 200. Don, Mill. 2.204. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1.3802. Eat. & Wr. 378. Dietr.
4.1025. Chapman, 92. Wood, Bot. & FI. 92.

P. macrostachys. DC. Prodr. 2. 220. Spreng. Syst. 42.270. Hook. Fl. Bor.-
Am. 1. 136. Don, Mill. 2. 204. Lindl. Bot. Reg. 21, t. 1769. Hook. & Arn. Bot.
Beechey, 332. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 504 & 689. Benth. Bot. Sulph. 11. Dietr.
4.1026. Torrey, Mex. Bound. 51; Bot. Wilkes, 269. Brew. & Wats. Bot. Calif.
1. 140.
P. strobilina, var. B. Torr. & Gray, FI. 1. 689.

P. melilotoides. Michx. Fl. 2.58. Vent. Hort. Malm. t. 94. Poir. Dict. 5. 688.
Pursh, 475. Sims, Bot. Mag. t. 2063. Ker, Bot. Reg. 6, t.454. Barton, FI. N.
Am. 2. 63, t. 57. Elliott, 2.197. DC. Prodr..2. 220. Spreng. Syst. 38.199. Don,

254 LEGUMINOS &. [Psoralea. —

a

Till. 2.204. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 3803. Eat. & Wr. 378. Walp. Rep. 1. 659. Dietr.
4.1025. Lesqx. Fl. Ark. 355. Chapman, 92. Gray, Manual, 129.

Trifolium psoraloides. Walter, 184.

Psoralea Melilotus. Persoon, 2. 347.

Melilotus psoraloides. Nutt. Genera, 2. 104.

Psoralea eglandulosa. Elliott, 2.198. DC. Prodr. 2. 220. Don, Mill. 2. 204,
Hook. Comp. Bot. Mag. 1. 22. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 303. Eat. & Wr. 878. Dietr.
4. 1025,

P. micrantha. Gray, Pac. R. Rep. 4. 77.

P. multijuga. Elliott, 2.198. DC. Prodr. 2, 220. Spreng. Syst. 42. 271. Don,
Mill. 2.204. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 804. Eat. & Wr. 378. Dietr. 4. 1026. Chap-
man, 92. Wood, Bot. & Fl. 92.

P. Onobrychis. Nutt. Genera, 2.104. Ker, Bot. Reg. 6, t. 453 (Spreng. Neue
Entdeck. 2. 185). DC. Prodr. 2.220. Spreng. Syst. 8.199. Torrey, Ann. Lye.
N. Y. 2.175. Don, Mill. 2.204. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 304 & 688. Eat. & Wr. 878.
Dietr. 4. 1025. Chapman, 92. Gray, Manual, 129. :

Stylosanthes racemosa. Nutt. in Fras. Cat. 1813.

P. latifolia. Torrey, Ann. Lyc. N. Y. 2.176. Don, Mill. 2. 204.

P. orbicularis. Lindl. Bot. Reg. 23, t.1971. Hook. & Arn. Bot. Beechey, 333.
Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 804 & 689. Eat. & Wr. 379. Walp. Rep. 1. 660. Benth.
Bot. Sulph. 11. Dietr. 4. 1026. Durand, Pl. Pratten. 85. Torrey, Mex. Bound.
51; Bot. Wilkes. 269. Boland. Cat. 10. Brew. & Wats. Bot. Calif. 1. 139.

P. physodes. Dougl.; Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am. 1.136. Don, Mill. 2.469: Hook. &

Arn. Bot. Beechey, 333. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 304 & 689. Eat. & Wr. 377. Walp.”
Rep. 1. 659. Dietr. 4. 1026. Torrey, Pac. R. Rep. 4.77; Mex. Bound. 51; Bot.

Wilkes, 269. Cooper, Pac. R. Rep. 12.58. Boland. Cat.9. Gray, Proc. Am.

Acad. 8. 380. Brew. & Wats. Bot. Calif. 1. 139.

P. rhombifolia. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 303 & 688. Eat. & Wr. 379. Walp. Rep.
1.659. Dietr. 4. 1025. Engelm. & Gray, Pl. Lindh. 6. Gray, Hall’s Pl. Texas, 7.
Young, Fl. Texas, 219.

P. simplex. Nutt.; Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1.303. Eat. & Wr. 379. Walp. Rep:
1. 659. Dietr. 4. 1025. Gray, Hall’s Pl. Texas, 7. Young, Fl. Texas, 219.

P. stipulata. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 688. Dietr. 4.1026. Walp. Ann. 3. 849. Gray,

Manual, 129.

P. strobilina. Hook. & Arn. Bot. Beechey, 382, t.80. Torr. & Gray, FI. 1. 689,

excl. yar. Walp. Rep. 1. 660. Dietr. 4. 1026. Brew. & Wats. Bot. Calif. 1. 159.
P. macrostachya, var. B. Torr. & Gray, FI. 1. 304.

P. subacaulis. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1.302. Eat. & Wr. 378. Walp. Rep. 1. 659.
Dietr. 4. 1025. Chapman, 92. Wood, Bot. & Fl. 93.

P. tenuiflora. Pursh, 475. Poir. Suppl. 4. 589. Bradbury, Cat. 338. Nutt.
Genera, 2. 103. James, Cat. 186. DC. Prodr. 2. 220.- Spreng. Syst. 3. 200. Don,
Mill. 2. 204. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 299 & 688. Eat. & Wr. 378. Nees, Pl. Neuwied. —
7. Torrey, Frem. Rep. 88. Dietr. 4. 1024.

P. floribunda. Nutt.; Torr. & Gray, FI. 1. 800 & 688; Pac. R. Rep. 2. 163. Eat.
& Wr. 578. Walp. Rep. 1. 658. Torrey, Frem. Rep. 88 ; Emory’s Rep. 138 & 408;
Marcy’s Rep. 283; Sitgr. Rep. 158; Mex. Bound. 51. Engelm. & Gray, Pl. Lindh.
7. Dietr. 4. 1024. Hook. in Lond. Journ. Bot. 6. 208. Gray, Pl. Fendl. 31; Pl.
Lindh. 175; Pl. Wright. 2. 37; Proc. Acad. Philad. 1863, 60; Manual, 129. En-
gelm. Pl. Upp. Miss. 188. Porter, Hayd. Rep. 1870, 474; FI. Col. 22. Rothr. Pl.
Wheeler, 36. Brew. & Wats. Bot. Calif. 1. 140.

Psoralea. Rhynchosia.] LEGUMINOS 2.
Var. obtusiloba.
P. obtusiloba. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 300 & 688; Pac. R. Rep. 2. 126 & 163. Eat.
» & Wr. 378. Walp. Rep. 1.658. Dietr. 4.1024. Engelm. & Gray, Pl. Lindh. 7.
Young, Fl. Texas, 218.

P. virgata. Nutt. Genera, 2.104. Elliott, 2.197. DC. Prodr. 2.218. Spreng.
Syst. 3. 198. Don, Mill. 2.203. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1.303. Eat. & Wr. 378. Dietr.
4.1025. Chapman, 92. Wood, Bot. & Fl. 92.

UL

P. alnifolia & alopecurina; Rhynchosia | P. Jamesii; Dalea Jamesii.

tomentosa.
alopecuroides ; Dalea alopecuroides,
Rhynchosia tomentosa.
arenaria ; lanceolata.
aurea; Dalea aurea.
brachiata; esculenta.
candida ; Petalostemon candidus.
carnea ; Petalostemon carneus.
corymbosa; BP. corymbosus.
cryptocarpa ; cuspidata.
Dalea ; Dalea alopecuroides.
eglandulosa ; melilotoides.
elliptica ; lanceolata.
Jloribunda ; tenuiflora.
meana ; argophylla.

latifolia ; Onobrychis.

laxiflora; lanceolata,
flora.

longifolia ; Astragalus pictus.

macrorhiza ; cuspidata.

macrostachya ; strobolina.

Melilotus ; melilotoides.

obtusiloba ; tenuiflora.

palmata ; eyphocalyx.

parviflora ; Astragalus gracilis.

pedunculata ; Dalea alopecuroides.

purpurea; Petalostemon violaceus.

Roemeriana; cuspidata.

scabra; lanceolata.

strobolina ; macrostachya.

Dalea laxi-

RHYNCHOSIA Caribea. DC. Prodr. 2. 384, in part.
Glycine Caribea. Jacq. Icon. Rar. 1. 15, t. 146.

R. galactioides. Endl.; Walp. Rep. 1. 790. Dietr. 4. 1209.
Wood, Bot. & FI. 96.
Pitcheria galactiodes.
1. 286. Eat. & Wr. 360.
Lespedeza cytisoides. Bertol. Bot. Misc. 9. 14, t. 6 (Bot. Zeit. 9. 903) ; fide Gray,
Am. Journ. Sci. 2. 14. 115, & Maxim. Syn. Lesped. 383.

R. latifolia. Nutt.; Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1.285. Walp. Rep. 1.789. Dietr. 4. 1209.
Gray, Hall’s Pl. Texas, 7. Referred to R. reticulata, DC., by Griseb. in Fl. Brit. W.
Ind. 190.
Phaseolus latifolius.

| R. menispermoidea.
| Prodr. 2. 384.
| Lindh. 6.

|

Phaseolus menispermoideus.

Chapman, 104.
Chapman, 105.

Nutt. in Journ. Acad. Philad. 7.93. Torr. & Gray, FI.

Kat. & Wr. 353.
DC. in Ann. Sci. Nat. 1. 4. 102; Mem. Legum. 364, t. 55;

Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1.284. Dietr. 4.1209. Engelm. & Gray, PI.

Torrey, Mex. Bound. 50. Chapman, 105.

Eat. & Wr. 353.

R. minima. DC. Prodr. 2.385. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1.687. Engelm. & Gray, Pl.

Lindh. 6. Gray, Pl. Lindh. 31; Hall’s Pl. Texas, 7. Benth. in Mart. Fl. Bras.

) 151. 204, t. 54, fig. 2, with syn. Griseb. Fl. Brit. W. Ind. 190. Chapman, 104.

_ Wood, Bot. & FI. 96.

| Dolichos minimus. Linn. Spec. 726.

Glycine reflexca. Nutt. Genera, 2. 115.

| R. Caribeus. Nutt. in Am. Journ. Sci. 1. 5. 298.

| Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 284. Dietr. 4. 1209.

|

|

Elliott, 2. 236.
DC. Prodr. 2. 384, in part.

Phaseolus Caribeus. Eat. & Wr. 353.

256 LEGUMINOS 2. [Rhynchosia. Robinia.

R. mollissima. Shuttleworth in herb.
Glycine mollissima. Elliott, 2. 235.
[. tomentosa, var (4) mollissima. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 285. Lesqx. Fl. Ark. 3 57:
RR. tomentosa, var. erecta. Chapman, 105, in part.

R. Texana. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1.687. Gray, Pl. Lindh. 171; Pl. Wright. 1. 44 & .
2. 34; Hall’s Pl. Texas,7. Torrey, Mex. Bound. 50. Young, Fl. Texas, 235.
Griseb. Pl. Lorentz. 78. Referred to 2. Senna, Gill., by Benth. in Mart. Fl. Bras.
151, 205.

Var. angustifolia. Gray, Pl. Wright. 1. 44 & 2.34. Torrey, Mex. Bound. 50.

R. tomentosa. Hook. & Arn. Comp. Bot. Mag. 1.23. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 284.
Walp. Rep. 1. 789. Dietr. 4. 1209. Chapman, 105. Gray, Manual, 142.

Glycine tomentosa. Linn. Spec. 754. Hill, Veg. Syst. 21, t. 6, fig. 2. Lam. Dict.
2.736. Willd. Spec. 3. 1061, excl. var.; Enum. 755. Michx. Fl. 2.63. Persoon,
2.800. Ait. f. Hort. Kew. 4.297. Spreng. Syst. 3. 197.

Psoralea alnifolia & P. alopecurina. Bertol. Bot. Mise. 9. 10, t. 4 (Bot. Zeit. 9. 902) ;
fide Gray in Am. Journ. Sci. 2. 14. 115.

Var. monophylla. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 284. Gray, Manual, 142.
Trifolium simplicifolium. Walter, 184.
Glycine tomentosa, var. monophylla. Michx. FI. 2. 63.
Glycine reniformis. Pursh, 486. Poir. Suppl. 5. 693. Spreng. Syst. 3. 195.
Glycine monophylla. Nutt. Genera, 2. 115. a
Arcyphyllum simplicifolium. Elliott, Journ. Acad. Philad. 1. 871 (Litt.-Ber. zu
Linnea, 1828, 164).
Glycine simplicifolia. Elliott, Sketch, 2. 254. Wood, Bot. & FI. 96.
ERhynchosia reniformis. | DC. Prodr. 2. 384. Don, Mill. 2. 344. Hook. Comp.
Bot. Mag. 1. 23.
Phaseolus reniformis. Eat. & Wr. 355.

Var. volubilis. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1.285. Torrey, Marcy’s Rep. 283. Chap-
man, 105. Gray, Manual, 142.
Glycine tomentosa, var. volubilis. Michx. Fl. 2. 63.
Glycine tomentosa. Pursh, 486, excl. var. Nutt. Genera, 2.115. Elliott, 2. 234.
Arcyphyllum difformis. Elliott, Journ. Acad. Philad. 1. 871 (Litt.-Ber. zu Lin-
na, 1828, 164).
Rhynchosia difformis. DC. Prodr. 2. 884. Don, Mill. 2. 344.
R. volubilis. Wood, Bot. & FI. 96.

Var. erecta. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 285 & 687. Chapman, 105, in part. Gray,

Manual, 142.

Trifolium erectum. Walter, 184.

Glycine tomentosa, var. erecta. Michx. FI. 2. 63. Pursh, 486.

Glycine erecta. Nutt. Genera, 2.114. Elliott, 2. 235.

Arcyphyllum erectum. Elliott, Journ. Acad. Philad. 1. 372 (Litt.-Ber. zu Linnea,
1828, 164).

Ehynchosia erecta. DC. Prodr. 2. 3884. Don, Mill. 2. 344. Hook. Comp. Bot.
Mag. 1. 23. Wood, Bot. & Fl. 96.

Glycine Caroliniana. Spreng. Syst. 3. 197.
ROBINIA hispida. Linn. Mant. 1.101. DuRoi, Obs. Bot. 28. Walter, 186.
Ait. f. Hort. Kew. 3.53. Curtis, Bot. Mag. t. 311. Willd. Spee. 3. 1152; Enum.
769. Poir. Dict. 6. 228. Michx. Fl. 2.65. Persoon, 2.311. St. Hil. Pl. France,
3, t. 320. Pursh, 488. Elliott, 2. 248. Guimp. Otto & Hayne, t. 66. DC. Prodr.
2.262. Spreng. Syst. 3.247. Don, Mill. 2.288. Spach, Hist. Veg. 1. 261. Torr.

Robinia. Schrankia.] LEGUMINOS.&. 207

& Gray, Fl. 1. 295. Eat. & Wr. 897. Loud. Arbor. 2. 627, t. 88 & fig. 307. Dietr.
4.1053. Curtis, Bot. N. Car. 49. Chapman, 94. Carriére, Rev. Hort. 1867, 309 &
_ 451, fig. 38 (fruit). Gray, Am. Naturalist, 1. 494 & 674; Manual, 131.

&. rosea. Marshall, Arbust. 154. Nouv. Duham. 2. 64, t. 18.

R. montana. Bartram, Tray. 335 & 342.

Pseudacacia hispida. Moench, 145.

Var. rosea. Pursh, 488. DC. Prodr. 2. 262. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 295. Chap-
man, 94.

Var. Elliottii. Chapman, 94.
‘R. hispida, var. rosea. Elliott, 2. 243.
R. rosea. Don, Mill. 2. 238. Spach, Hist. Veg. 1. 263.

Var. nana. Elliott, 2.245. DC.l.c. Torr. & Gray, Fl. l.c. Chapman, 94.
R. nana. Spach, Hist. Veg. 1. 262.

Var. macrophylla. DC. Prodr. 2. 262.
R. macrophylla. Schrad.; Don, Mill. 2. 2388.

R. Neo-Mexicana. Gray, Pl. Thurb. 314. Torrey, Pac. R. Rep. 4.79; Mex.
Bound. 53. Walp. Ann. 4.491. Watson, King’s Rep. 5. 419. Porter, Fl. Col. 23.
R. Pseudacacia. Linn. Spec. 722. Marshall, Arbust. 133. L’Her. Stirp. Nov.
158. Walter, 186. Ait. Hort. nee 3. 53. Willd. Spec. 3. 1181; Enum. 769.
Michx. Fl. 2. 65. Nouy. Duham. 2. 60, t.16. Poir. Dict. 6. 222. Persoon, 2. 311.
Michx. f. Arb. Amer. 3. 245, t. 1 (Sylva, 2.1, t. 76). Pursh, 487. Lam. II.
t. 606. James, Long’s Exped. 3.8. Elliott, 2.242. Bigel. Fl. Bost. 2 ed. 277.
DC. Prodr. 2.261. Spreng. Syst. 5. 247. Torrey, Compend. 271; Ann. Lye. N. Y.
2.178; Fl. N. Y. 1. 165; Emory’s Rep. 408. Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am. 1. 140. Audubon,
Birds, t. 104. Don, Mill. 2. 257. Beck, Bot. 82. Spach, Hist. Veg. 1.258. Dar-
ling. Fl. Cestr. 410. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1.294. Eat. & Wr. 397. Loud. Arbor.
2. 609, t. 63-86. Emerson, Mass. Trees, 460, & 2 ed. 2. 522, t. 46, 47. - Dietr.
4.1055. Curtis, Bot. N. Car. 48. Chapman, 94. Lemaire, Ill. Hort. 12, t. 427.
Gray, Manual, 151. Verlot, Revue Hort. 1878, 152 & fig.
Pseudacacia odorata. Moench, 145.
R. viscosa. Vent. Hort. Cels, t. 4 Willd. Spec. 3. 1131; Enum. 769. | Michx.
Fl. 2.65. Nouv. Duham. 2. 64, t.17. Poir. Dict. 6. 222. Barton, Bot. Appx. 29,
t.21. Persoon, 2.311. Ait. f. Hort. Kew. 4. 823. Michx. f. Arbr. Amer, 3. 262,
t. 2 (Sylva, 2. 15, t.71). Pursh, 488. Elliott, 2.242. DC. Prodr. 2. 262. Guimp.
Otto & Hayne, t.65. Spreng. Syst. 3.247. Don, Mill. 2. 236. epaet Hist. Veg.
1.260. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1.295. Eat. & Wr. 397. Loud. Arbor. 2. 626, t. 87 &
fig. 306. Dietr. 4. 1053. Curtis, lc. 49. Chapman, 94. Gray, venta! 131.
R. glutinosa. Curtis, Bot. Mag. t. 560.

SCHRANKIA anette Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1.400. Gray, Am. Journ. Sci.
1. 42. 49 & Lond. Journ. Bot. 3. 242; Pl. Fendl. 38 ; Manual, 146; Hall’s Pl. Texas,
8. Walp. Rep. 1. 884. Benth in Hook Journ. Bot. 4. 415; Rev. Mim. in Trans.
Linn. Soe. 30. 442. Engelm. & Gray, Pl. Lindh. 35. Dietr. 4.477. Engelm. in
Wisliz. Rep. 3. Sean, 116.

S. uncinata. Elliott, 2. 158, not Willd. DC. Prodr. 2. 443. Bertol. Bot. Misc.
16. 25; fide Gray, Am. Journ. Sci. 2. 24. 287.

Var. brachycarpa. Chapman, 116.

S. platycarpa. Gray, Pl. Lindh. 183; Pl. Wright. 1.67; Hall’s Pl. Texas, 8.
Walp. Ann. 2. 451. Torr. & Gray, Pac. R. Rep. 2. 164. Wood, Bot. & FI. 93.

Mimosa Remeriana. Scheele, Linnea, 21. 456. Walp. Ann. 2. 451.

7

958 LEGUMINOS 2. |[Schrankia. Sophora.

S. uncinata. Willd. Spec. 4. 1043. Ait. f. Hort. Kew. 5. 457. Pursh, 305. Nutt. 4
Genera, 2. 81. James, Cat. 185. Spreng. Syst. 2.208. Torrey, Ann. Lyc. N. ¥. 7
2.192; Nicol. Rep. 149; Emory’s Rep. 139 & 408 ; Marcy’s Rep. 285; Pac. R. Rep. —
4.82; Mex. Bound. 61. Don, Mill. 2. 897. Hook. Comp. Bot. Mag. 1. 24. Raf.
New Flora, 1.43. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 400; Pac. R. Rep. 2.126. Eat. & Wr. 4167 ©
Gray, Am. Journ. Sci. 1. 42. 49 & Lond. Journ. Bot. 3. 242; Pac. R. Rep. 12: 42;
Manual, 146; Hall’s Pl. Texas, 8. Benth. in Hook. Journ. Bot. 4. 415; Rev. Mim.
441. Dietr. 4.477. Engelm. in Wisliz. Rep. 3; Pl. Upp. Miss. 190. Chapman, —
116. Wood, Bot. & Fl. 82. Porter, Fl. Col. 33.

Mimosa Intsia. Walter, 252.

Mimosa horridula. Vent. Choix Pl. Cels, t. 28. Michx. Fl. 2. 254. Poir. Suppl.
1. 56. Kon. & Sims, Ann. Bot. 2. 364.

Leptoglottis Nuttallii. DC. Mem. Legum. 451. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 695.

SESBANIA Cavanillesii. (The genus Daubentonia is referred to Sesbania by
Benth. in Mart. Fl. Bras. 151. 48, and by Benth. & Hook. Gen. Pl. 1. 502.)
<Eschynomene longifolia. Cay. Icon. 4, t. 315.
Piscidia longifolia. Willd. Spec. 3. 920. Spreng. Syst. 2. 229. |
Daubentonia longifolia. DC. Mem. Legum. 286; Prodr. 2. 267. Don, Mill. 2. 242.
Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 293 & 687. Engelm. & Gray, Pl. Lindh.6. Torrey, Mex.
Bound. 51.

S. GRANDIFLORA. Poir. Dict. 7. 127. Benth. & Hook. Gen. Pl. 1. 502.
Agati grandiflora, Desy. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1.295. Eat. & Wr. 116.

S. macrocarpa. Muhl. Cat. 68. Nutt. Genera, 2. 112. Barton, Fl. N. Am. 1. 99, ~
t. 28. Elliott, 2.221. DC. Prodr. 2.265. Don, Mill. 2.241. ‘Torr. & Gray, FI®
1. 293 & 687. Eat. & Wr. 423. Dietr. 4. 1055. Gray, Pl. Lindh. 172; Pl. Thurb.
302. Torrey, Emory’s Rep. 138; Mex. Bound. 51. Chapman, 97. Smith, Proc.
Acad. Philad. 1867, 19. Wood, Bot. & Fl. 93.

Darwinia exaltata. Raf. Fl. Lud. 106. Poir. in Lam. Ill. 3. 676.

S. picta, var. Spreng. Syst. 4. 284.
S. (?) Thurberi.

Daubentonia (?) Thurberi. Gray, Pl. Thurb. 313. Walp. Ann. 4. 493. Torrey,
Mex. Bound. 51.

S. vesicaria. Elliott, 2.222. Eat. & Wr. 428. Benth. & Hook. Gen. Pl. 1. 502.

Robinia vesicaria. Jacq. Icon. Rar. 1, t. 148.

Phaca Floridana. Willd. Spec. 3. 1252. Persoon, 2. 831. Spreng. Syst. 3. 291.

LE schynomene platycarpa. Michx. Fl. 2. 75. Poir. Suppl. 4. 75.

Sesbania platycarpa. Persoon, 2. 316. Nutt. Genera, 2. 112.

Colutea floriinda. Poir. Suppl. 1. 562.

Dalbergia polyphylla. Poir. Suppl. 2. 446.

Sesbania disperma. Pursh, 485.

Glottidium Floridanum. Desy. Journ. Bot. 3. 119, t.1. DC. Prodr. 2. 266. Don,
Mill. 2.242. Hook. Comp. Bot. Mag. 1.22. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1.294. Dietr
4.1054. Torrey, Mex. Bound. 51. Chapman, 97. Smith, Proc. Acad. Philad.—
1867, 19. Gray, Hall’s Pl. Texas, 7.

SOPHORA affinis. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1.390. Leavenworth, Am. Journ. Sci.
1. 49.180. Gray, Pl. Lindh. 178; Hall’s Pl. Texas, 7. Scheele, Roem. Texas, 428.

Styphnolobium affine. Walp. Rep. 1. 807.

S. Arizonica. Watson, Proc. Am. Acad. 11.185. Brew. & Wats. Bot. Calif.
1. 114.
S. speciosa. Torrey, Pac. R. Rep. 4. 82.

ey. .

Sophora. Tephrosia.] LEGUMINOS &. 259

-S. secundiflora. Lag. in DC. Cat. Hort. Monsp. 148. DC. Prodr. 2.96. Don,
Mill. 2.110. Gray, Pl. Wr. 1.54. Revue Hort. 4. 3.201, t.11. Benth. & Hook.
Gen. Pl. 1. 555.

Broussonetia secundiflora. Orteg. Dec. 5. 61, t. 7.

Virgilia secundiflora. Cav. Icon. t. 401.

Agastianis secundiflora. Raf. New Sylv. 3. 86.

Dermatophyllum speciosum. Scheele, Linnea, 21. 458.

S. speciosa. Benth. in Gray, Pl. Lindh. 178. Gray, Pl. Fendl. 38; Pl. Wright.
1. 54; Hall’s Pl. Texas, 7. Walp. Ann. 2. 439. Torrey, Mex. Bound. 58. Young,
Fl. Texas, 242.
S. sericea. Nutt. Genera, 1. 280. James, Cat. 181. DC. Prodr. 2.96. Spreng.
Syst. 2. 346. Torrey, Ann. Lye. N. Y. 2.174; Mex. Bound. 58. Don, Mill. 2. 110.
marr. & Gray; Fl: 1.390; Pac. R. Rep. 2.163. Dietr. 2.1498. Nat. & Wr: 438.
Nees, Pl. Neuwied. 6. Hook. in Lond. Journ. Bot. 6. 216. Gray, Pl. Fendl. 38; Pl.
Wright. 1. 54 & 2. 49; Pl. Thurb. 299; Pac. R.yRep. 12. 42; Ives’s Rep. 11; Am.
Journ. Sci. 2. 33. 411; Proc. Acad. Philad. 1865, 61. Engelm. in Wisliz. Rep. 3 ;
Pl. Upp. Miss. 190. Porter, Hayd. Rep. 1870, 475; Fl. Col. 31. Rothrock, PI.
Wheeler, 37-

Astragalus carnosus. Pursh, 740, excl. fruit. Poir. Suppl. 5. 564.

Patrinia sericea. Raf. in Journ. Phys. 1819, 97.

S. stenophylla. Gray, Ives’s Rep. 10.

S. tomentosa. Linn. Spec. 373. See syn. in Benth. Mart. Fl. Bras. 15!. 314;
Griseb. Fl. Brit. W. Ind. 205.— Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 889. Torrey, Mex. Bound. 58.
Chapman, 113. Wood, Bot. & FI. 100.

Zanthyrsis paniculata. Raf. New Sylv. 3. 84.

STYLOSANTHES elatior. Swartz, Act. Holm. 1789, 283, t. 11, fig. 2. Willd.
Spec. 3. 1167. Poir. Dict. 7. 481. Persoon, 2. 317. Nutt. Genera, 2. 106. Elliott,
2.203. DC. Prodr. 2.318. Spreng. Syst. 3.3510. Torrey, Compend. 266; FI.
N. Y. 1. 174, t=. 27. Don, Mill. 2.281. Beck, Bot. 85. Hook. Comp. Bot. Mag.
1.22. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1.354; Pac. R. Rep. 2.163. Eat. & Wr. 446. Dietr.
4.1130. Bertol. Bot. Mise. 9. 12, t. 5, fig. 2. Chapman, 100. Gray, Manual, 158;
Hall’s Pl. Texas, 7.

Trifolium biflorum. Linn. Spec. 773. Hill, Veg. Syst. 22, t. 34, fig. 5.

Arachis aprica. Walter, 182.

S. hispida. Michx. Fl. 275, not Richard. Pursh, 480.
TEPHROSIA ambigua. Chapman, 96. Wood, Bot. & FI. 95.

Galega ambigua. M. A. Curtis, Journ. Bost. Nat. Hist. Soc. 1.121. Walp. Rep.
1. 672. Dietr. 4. 1043.

T. hispidula, var. B. Torr. & Gray, FI. 1. 297.

T. angustissima. Shuttleworth ; Chapman, 96.

T. chrysophylla. Pursh, 489. Elliott, 2. 246. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1.297. Eat. &
Wr. 449. Dietr. 4. 1045. Chapman, 95. Wood, Bot. & Fl. 95.

T. prostrata. Nutt. Genera, 2. 120. DC. Prodr. 2. 250. Spreng. Syst. 3. 234.
Don, Mill. 2. 229.
T. hispidula. Persoon, 2. 329. Pursh, 489. Nutt. Genera, 2. 119. Elliott,
2,245. DC. Prodr. 2.250. Don, Mill. 2.229. Hook. Comp. Bot. Mag. 1. 22.
Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1.296. Eat. & Wr. 449. Walp. Rep. 1.677. Dietr. 4. 1045.
Chapman, 95. Gray, Manual, 131.

Galega hispidula. Michx. Fl. 2.68. Poir. Suppl. 5. 687. Curtis, 1. c. 122.

260 LEGUMINOS. [Tephrosia. Thermopsis,

T. gracilis. Nutt. Genera, 2.119. DC. Prodr. 2.250. Spreng. Syst. 3. 234,
Don, Mill. 2. 229. Wood, Bot. & FI. 95.

? T. elegans. Nutt. in Journ. Acad. Philad. 7.165. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 297.
Eat. & Wr. 449.
T. leiocarpa. Gray, Pl. Wright. 2.36. Walp. Ann. 4. 489.

T. leucantha. HBK. Nov. Gen. 6. 460, t. 577. DC. Prodr. 2. 252. Spreng.
Syst. 42.275. Don, Mill. 2. 331. Dietr. 4. 1049. Gray, Pl. Wright. 2. 36. Seem.
Bot. Herald, 280. Torrey, Mex. Bound. 51.
T. Lindheimeri. Gray, Pl. Lindh. 172; Pl. Wright. 2. 36. wail Ann. 2. 366.
Torrey, Mex. Bound. 51. :
T. onobrychoides. Nutt. in Journ. Acad. Philad. 7.104. Torr. & Gray, Fl.
1.296. Eat. & Wr. 449. Walp. Rep. 1.677. Engelm. & Gray, Pl. Lindh. 6 & 33.
Dietr. 4. 1044. Gray, Hall’s Pl. Texas, 7.

T. angustifolia & T. multiflora. Featherman, Bot. Rep. Louisiana Univ. 1870, 73;
fide Gray, Am. Journ. Sci. 3. 2. 307.

T. spicata. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 296. Dietr. 4. 1044. Lesqx. Fl. Ark. 356. Chap-
man, 95. Gray, Manual, 151.

Galega spicata. Walter, 188.

Galega villosa. Michx. Fl. 2. 67. Poir. Suppl. 5. 687.

T. villosa. Persoon, 2. 329.

% Crafordia bracteata. Raf. Specch. Sci. 1. 156. DC. Prodr. 2. 252. Don, Mill.
2.467. Beck, Bot. 93. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 405.

T. paucifolia. Nutt. Genera, 2. 119. Elliott, 2. 246. DC. Prodr. 2. 250. Spreng.
Syst. 3. 234. Don, Mill. 2.229. Hook. Comp. Bot. Mag. 1.22. Eat. & Wr. 449.

2 T. hispida. DC. Prodr. 2. 250. Don, Mill. 2. 229.

Galega paucifolia. Curtis, Journ. Bost. Nat. Hist. Soe. 1. 122.

T. mollissima. Bertol. Bot. Misc. 9. 10, t. 3, fig. 2 (Bot. Zeit. 9. 902) ; fide Gray,
Am. Journ. Sci. 2. 14. 115.

T. tenella. Gray, Pl. Wright. 2.36. Walp. Ann. 4. 489. Torrey, Mex. Bound.
51.— Referred to 7. leptostachya, DC., by Benth. in Mart. Fl. Bras. 15!. 48.

T. Virginiana. Persoon, 2. 329. Pursh, 489. Nutt. Genera, 2. 119. Elliott,
2.245. Bigel. Fl. Bost. 2 ed. 278. DC. Prodr. 2. 250. Spreng. Syst. 3. 234. Tor-—
rey, Compend. 271; Fl. N. Y. 1. 167; Marcy’s Rep. 283. Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am. 1. 189;
Comp. Bot. Mag. 1.22. Don, Mill. 2.229. Beck, Bot.81. Spach, Hist. Veg.
1.251. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1.295; Pac. R. Rep: 2.162. Kat. & Wr. 448. Walpam
Rep. 1. 677. Engelm. & Gray, Pl. Lindh. 6. Dietr. 4. 1044. Parry, Pl. Minn. 611.
Seem. Bot. Herald, 280. Chapman, 95. Gray, Manual, 31; Hall’s Pl. Texas, 7.
Galega Virginiana. Linn. Spee. 2 ed. 1062. Hill, Veg. Syst. 21, t. 55, fig. 1.
Lam. Dict. 2. 597. Walter, 187. Willd. Spec. 3. 1244. Michx. Fl. 2.67. Ait. £7
Hort. Kew. 4. 355.

Var. holosericea. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 296.

T. holosericea. Nutt. in Journ. Acad. Philad. 7. 105. '
THERMOPSIS Californica. Watson, Proc. Am. Acad. 11. 126. Brew. &
Wats. Bot. Calif. 1. 1138.

T. macrophylla. Torrey, Pac. R. Rep. 4. 81; Bot. Wilkes, 282. Newberry,
Pac. R. Rep. 6.71% Boland. Cat. 10.

T. fabacea. Torrey, Mex. Bound. 58. :
T. Caroliniana. M. A. Curtis, Am. Journ. Sci. 1. 44.80. Gray, Chloris Bor-—
Am. 42, t.7. Walp. Ann. 3. 845. Chapman, 113. Wood, Bot. & Fl. 85.

Thermopsis. Trifolium.] LEGUMINOS®. 261

T. fraxinifolia. Curtis, Am. Journ. Sci. 1.44.81. Gray, Chloris Bor.-Am. 45,
t.8. Walp. Ann. 3. 845. Chapman, 115. Wood, Bot. & Fl. 85.

Baptisia mollis. Nutt. Genera, 1. 281, not DC. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1.695, Dietr.
9.1500. Eat. & Wr. 154.

Baptisia fraxinifolia. Nutt. under B. mollis, Torr. & Gray, FI. 1. 887.
T. macrophylla. Hook. & Arn. Bot. Beechey, 529. Torr. & Gray, FI. 1. 588.
Walp. Rep. 1. 563. Gray, Mem. Am. Acad. 6.585, Watson, Proc. Am. Acad.
11.126. Brew. & Wats. Bot. Calif. 1. 115.
T. mollis. Curtis; Gray, Chlor. Bor.-Am. 47, t.9. Chapman, 113. Wood, Bot.
& FL. 85.

Podalyria mollis. Michx. Fl. 1. 264. Persoon, 1. 453. Pursh, 508. Poir. Suppl.
4. 442.

Baptisia mollis. DC. Prodr. 2.100. Spreng. Syst. 4°. 171. Don, Mill. 2. 114.
Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1.387. Curtis, Am. Journ. Sci. 1. 44. 81.

T montana. Nutt.; Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 388. Walp. Rep. 1. 562. Torrey, Frem.
Rep. 89 & 314; Pac. R. Rep. 4. 81. Hook. in Lond. Journ. Bot. 6. 216. Gray, Pl.
Fendl. 38. Watson, Proc. Am. Acad. 11.126. Brew. & Wats. Bot. Calif. 1. 126.

T. fabacea. Hook. FI. Bor.-Am. 1. 128, not DC.; Bot. Mag. t. 3611; Lond.
Journ. Bot. 6. 216. Lindl. Bot. Reg. 15, t. 1272. Lodd. Bot. Cab. t.1856. Torr.
& Gray, Fl. 1. 388. Gray, Pl. Fendl. 38; Ives’s Rep. 11; Mem. Am. Acad. 6. 385.
Coulter, Hayd. Rep. 1872, 764. Torrey, Bot. Wilkes, 282.

T. macrophylla, var. B. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 388.

T. fabacea, var montana. Gray, Proc. Acad. Philad. 1863, 60; Proc. Am. Acad.

. 379. Watson, King’s Rep. 5. 53; Pl. Wheeler, 7. Porter, Hayd. Rep. 1870, 475;

1871, 481; Fl. Col. 19. Rothr. Pl. Wheeler, 37.
T. rhombifolia. Richard. in Frankl. Journ. 15. DC. Prodr. 2. 99. Torrey, Ann.
| Lyc. N. Y. 2. 174; Frem. Rep. 314. Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am. 1. 128, t. 47; Lond. Journ.
! Bot. 6. 216. Don, Mill. 2.1138. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1.388. Dietr. 2. 1500. ° Nees,
| Pl. Neuwied. 6. Engelm. Pl. Upp. Miss. 190. Gray, Pac. R. Rep. 12. 42; Mem.
) Am. Acad. 6. 585; Am. Journ. Sci. 2. 33. 411; Proc. Acad. Philad. 1863, 60. Por-
| ter, Hayd. Rep. 1870, 475; Fl. Col. 19, Brew. & Wats. Bot. Calif. 1. 114.
| Cytisus rhombifolius. Nutt. in Fras. Cat. 1815. Pursh, 741. Poir. Suppl. 5. 649.
} Bradbury, Cat. 338.
Thermia rhombifolia. Nutt. Genera, 1.282. James, Cat. 181. Spreng. Syst.
} 2. 348. Eat. & Wr. 450.

) TRIFOLIUM acrarivm, Linn. Michx. FI. 2.59. Pursh, 478. Torrey, Com-
} pend. 266; Fl. N. Y. 1.170. Beck, Bot. 33. Darling. FI. Cestr. 408. Torr. &
) Gray, Fl. 1.317. Hat. © Wr. 456. Gray, Manual, 127.

| T. altissimum. Dougl.; Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am. 1. 130, t. 48; Lond. Journ. Bot.
#6. 208. Don, Mill. 2.192. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1.312. Eat. & Wr. 457. Walp.
| Rep. 1. 642. Dietr. 4. 1003. Torrey, Bot. Wilkes, 270. Watson, Proc. Am. Acad.
j 11.128. Brew. & Wats. Bot. Calif. 1. 128.

T. amphianthum. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1.316. Eat. & Wr. 458. Walp. Rep.
1. 644. Dietr. 4.1004. Gray, Pl. Lindh. 176; Hall’s Pl. Texas, 7. Watson, Proc.
1 Am. Acad. 11. 129.

T. Remerianum. Scheele, Linnea, 21. 460. Walp. Ann. 2. 351.

| T. amplectens. Torr. & Gray, Fl.1.319. Hook. & Arn. Bot. Beechey, 330,
| t.78. Eat. & Wr. 458. Walp. Rep. 1. 645. Dietr. 4. 1005. Torrey, Pac. R.
Rep. 4.78; Mex. Bound. 54. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 6. 523. Boland. Cat. 9.
| Watson, Proc. Am. Acad 11 114 & 131. Brew. & Wats. Bot: Calif. 1. 132.

262 LEGUMINOS&. [Trifolium,

T. diversifolium. Nutt. Pl. Gambel. in Proc. Acad. Philad. 4. 9 & Journ. Acad.
Philad. 1. 152.

T, Andersoni. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 6.522. Anderson, Cat. Pl. Nev. 119,
Watson, King’s Rep. 5. 60; Proc. Am. Acad. 11.127. Brew. & Wats. Bot. Calif.
ils WA

T. andinum. Nutt.; Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1.314. Eat. & Wr. 458. Walp. Rep.
1. 645. Dietr. 4. 1003. Hook. in Lond. Journ. Bot. 6. 209. | Watson, King’s Rep.
5. 60, t. 8; Proc. Am. Acad. 11. 130.

T. aARVENSE, Linn. Walter, 183. Michx. Fl. 2.59. Pursh, 478. Bigel. Fl. Bost,
168. Elliott, 2.205. Torrey, Compend. 265; Fl. N. Y. 1.168. Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am.
1.181. Beck, Bot. 79. Darling. Fl. Cestr. 406. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1.313. Eat. & ©
Wr. 456. Chapman, 91. Gray, Manual, 127.

T. barbigerum. Torrey, Pac. R. Rep. 4.79. Boland. Cat.9. Watson, Proce.
Am. Acad. 11.181. Brew. & Wats. Bot Calif. 1. 131.

Var. Andrewsii. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 7. 335. Brew. & Wats. 1. ¢.
T. Beckwithii. Brewer; Watson, Proc. Am. Acad. 11.128. Brew. & Wats. Bot.
Calif. 1. 128. i

T. altissimum. Torr & Gray, Pac. R. Rep. 2. 120.

T. Bejariense. Moric. Pl. Nouv. 2, t. 2 (Mem. Genéve, 6. 530). Walp. Rep.
1. 646. Dietr. 4.1006. Gray, Pl. Wright. 1. 50; Hall’s Pl. Texas, 7. Torrey,
Mex. Bound. 54. Watson, Proc. Am. Acad. 11. 130.

T. macrocalyx. Hook. Icon. t. 285. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 691. Dietr. 4. 1004,
Young, Fl. Texas, 217. ,

T. bifidum. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 6. 522; Proc. Calif. Acad. 3.102. Boland.
Cat. 9. Watson, Proc. Am. Acad. 11. 129. Brew. & Wats. Bot. Calif. 1. 129.

T. Bolanderi. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 7. 335. Watson, same, 11.128. Brew.
& Wats. Bot. Calif. 1. 128.

T. Brandegei. Watson, Proc. Am. Acad. 11.130, & in Brandegee, Fl. S. W.
Col. 234.

T. Breweri. Watson, Proc. Am. Acad. 11. 181. Brew. & Wats. Bot. Calif.
1. 219:

T. Carolinianum. Michx. Fl. 2.58. Persoon, 2.348. Poir. Dict. 8.2. Pursh, ©
477. Elliott, 2.200. Seringe, DC. Prodr. 2.201. Spreng. Syst. 3.211. Don,”
Mill. 2.190. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1.316. Eat. & Wr. 458. Dietr. 4. 1004. Chap-
man, 91. Smith, Proc. Acad. Philad. 1867, 18. Gray, Manual, 127; Hall’s Pl.
Texas, 7. Wood. Bot. & Fl. 91. Watson, Proc: Am. Acad. 11. 129.

2 T. comosum. Linn. Spee. 767. Willd. Spec. 3. 1360. Persoon, 2. 349. Ait. f.
Hort. Kew. 4. 382. Seringe, DC. Prodr. 2. 206. Don, Mill. 2. 194.

2 T. repens. Walter, 183.

2 T. obcordatum. Desy. Journ. Bot. 3. 76. Poir. Suppl. 5. 356.

T. umbellatum. Seringe, DC. Prodr. 2.199. Don, Mill. 2. 188. Hook. Comp. ~
Bot. Mag. 1. 22.

T. orypetalum. Fisch. & Mey. Ind. Sem. h. Petrop. 2. 26 (Litt.-Ber. zu Linnea,
1837, 122; Ann. Sci. Nat. 2. 5. 182).
T. ciliatum. Nutt. Pl. Gambel. in Proc. Acad. Philad. 4. 8, & Journ. Acad.
Philad. 1. 152, t. 23. Boland. Cat. 9. Watson, Proc. Am. Acad. 11.129. Brew.
& Wats. Bot. Calif. 1. 129.

T. ciliolatum. Benth. Pl. Hartw. 304. Walp. Ann. 2.851. Torrey, Pac. R.
Rep. 4. 78. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 8. 379. ;

Trifolium. | LEGUMINOS&. 263

T. cyathiferum. Lindl. Bot. Reg. under t. 1070. Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am. 1, 155,
t. 50; Lond. Journ. Bot. 6. 209. Don, Mill. 2.185. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 320. Eat.
& Wr. 457. Walp. Rep. 1. 645. Dietr. 4. 1005. Anderson, Cat. Pl. Nev. 119.
Watson, King’s Rep. 5. 62; Proc. Am. Acad. 11.151. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 8. 379.
Torrey, Bot. Wilkes, 272. Brew. & Wats. Bot. Calif. 1. 131.

T. dasyphyllum. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1.515. Eat. & Wr. 458. Walp. Rep. 1. 645.
Dietr. 4. 1003. Gray, Am. Journ. Sci. 2. 33.409; Proc. Acad. Philad. 1863, 59.
Watson, King’s Rep. 5. 60; Proc. Am. Acad. 11. 150. Porter, Fl. Col. 21. Rothr.
Pl. Wheeler, 36.

T. depauperatum. Desv. Journ. Bot. 4. 69, t. 32. Poir. Suppl. 5. 355. Seringe,
DC. Prodr. 2. 203. Spreng. Syst. 3. 218. Gay, Fl. Chil. 2.74. Gray, Proc.
Am. Acad. 6. 523. Watson, same, 11.131. Brew. & Wats. Bot. Calif. 1. 182.

T. stenophyllum. Nutt. Pl. Gambel. Il. cc. 4. 8, & 1. 151.

_ . eriocephalum. Nutt.; Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 313 & 690. Eat. & Wr. 457. Walp.
Rep. 1. 642. Hook. in Lond. Journ. Bot. 6. 208. Boland. Cat. 9. Gray, Proc. Am.
Acad. 8. 379. Watson, same, 11.128. Brandegee, Fl. S. W. Col. 234. Brew. &
Wats. Bot. Calif. 1. 127.

T fucatum. Lindl. Bot. Reg. 22, t.1883. Hook. & Arn. Bot. Beechey, 552.
Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 319 & 692. Eat. & Wr. 458. Walp. Rep. 1. 645. Dietr.
4.1005. Benth. Pl. Hartw. 304. Torrey, Pac. R. Rep. 4. 16 & 78; Mex. Bound.
54. Boland. Cat.9. Watson, Proc. Am. Acad. 11.151. Brew. & Wats. Bot.
im Calif. 1. 131.

T. physopetalum. Fisch. & Mey. Ind. Sem. h. Petrop. 3. 47 (Litt-Ber. zu Linnea,
1838, 107).

T. Gambelii. Nutt. Pl. Gambel. Il. ce.
T. gracilentum. ‘Torr. & Gray, Fl.1.516. Hook. & Arn. Bot. Beechey, 330.
Eat. & Wr. 458. Walp. Rep. 1. 648. Dietr. 4.1004. Torrey, Pac. R. Rep. 4. 78.
Boland. Cat. 9. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 8. 379. Watson, same, 11.129. Brew. &
Wats. Bot. Calif. 1. 129.

T. denudatum. Nutt. Pl. Gambel. in Proc. Acad. Philad. 4. 9, & Journ. Acad.
Philad. 1. 152, t. 24.

T. gymnocarpon. Nutt.; Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1.320. Eat. & Wr. 457. Walp.
Rep. 1. 646. Dietr. 4. 1006. | Watson, King’s Rep. 5. 62, t. 8; Proc. Am. Acad.
lil; Wee

T. subcaulescens. Gray, Ives’s Rep. 10. Watson, King’s Rep. 5. 59, in part.

T. involucratum. Willd. Spec. 3.1372. Poir. Dict. 8.18. HBK. Nov. Gen.
6.302. Kunth, Pl. Lesum. 186; t: 5S. DC. Prodr: 2. 204: Won, Mill. 2: 186.
Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 692. Benth. Pl. Hartw.10. Eat. & Wr. 457. Dietr. 4. 1004.
Gray, Pl. Fendl. 33; Pl. Wright. 2. 41. Torrey, Sitgr. Rep. 158; Pac. R. Rep. 4. 78;
Mex. Bound. 54. Porter, Fl. Col. 21. Rothr. Pl. Wheeler, 36. Watson, Proc. Am.
Acad. 11..130. Brew. & Wats. Bot. Calif. 1. 150.

T. Wormskioldii. Lehm. Ind. Sem. h. Hamb. 1825, 17; Pug. Pl. Nov. 1. 36;
Act. Acad. Leop. 14. 823, t.45. Spreng. Syst. 3.209. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 692.
Don, Mill. 2. 185. Walp. Rep. 1. 645. Dietr. 4. 1005.

T. Willdenoviit. Spreng. Syst. 3. 208.

T. fimbriatum. Lindl. Bot. Reg. 13, t. 1070. Lodd. Bot. Cab. t. 1421. Hook.
Fl. Bor.-Am. 1. 133. Don, Mill. 2.185. Vogel, Linnea, 10.590. Torr. & Gray,
Fl. 1. 317 & 691. Hook. & Arn. Bot. Beechey, 137, & 331 in part. Eat. & Wr. 457.
Walp. Rep. 1. 644. Dietr. 4. 1004. Durand, PI. Pratten. 86. Newberry, Pac. R.
Rep. 6.70. Cooper, same, 12.58. Torrey, Mex. Bound. 54. Boland. Cat. 9.

264 LEGUMINOS&. [ Trifolium.

Anderson, Cat. Pl. Nev. 119. Watson, King’s Rep. 5.61. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad.
8. 379, in part.

T. spinulosum. Dougl.; Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am. 1. 185. Don, Mill. 2. 469. Torr. &
Gray, Fl. 1.318. Eat. & Wr. 457. Walp. Rep. 1. 644. Dietr. 4. 1004. Torrey,
Mex. Bound. 54; Bot. Wilkes, 272. Boland. Cat. 9.

Var. heterodon. Watson, Proc. Am. Acad. 11. 150. Brew. & Wats. Bot. Calif.
1. 130.

TL. heterodon. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 518. Walp. Rep. 1. 644. Dietr. 4. 1004.
Torrey, Pac. R. Rep. 4. 78; Mex. Bound. 54. Boland. Cat. 9.

T. fimbriatum, var. 8. Hook. & Arn. Bot. Beechey, 331.

T. finbriatum. Benth. Pl. Hartw. 304.

T. Kingii. Watson, King’s Rep. 5. 59; Proc. Am. Acad. 11.128. Parry, Am.
Naturalist, 9. 269. Brew. & Wats. Bot. Calif. 1. 128.
T. Haydeni. Porter, Hayd. Rep. 1871, 480. Coulter, same, 1872, 764.
T. Lemmoni. Watson, Proc. Am. Acad. 11.127. Brew. & Wats. Bot. Calif.
Le wT:
T. longipes. Nutt.; Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 314 & 691. Eat. & Wr. 458. Walp. Rep.
1. 648. Dietr. 4. 1003. Hook. in Lond. Journ. Bot. 6. 209. Newberry, Pac. R.
Rep. 6.70. Gray, Proc. Acad. Philad. 1863, 59. Anderson, Cat. Pl. Nev. 119.
Watson, King’s Rep. 5. 59; Proc. Am. Acad. 11.128. Porter, Hayd. Rep. 1871,
480; Fl. Col. 20. Coulter, Hayd. Rep. 1872, 763. Torrey, Bot. Wilkes, 271. Brew.
& Wats. Bot. Calif. 1. 128.
Var. (7) latifolium. Hook. in Lond. Journ. Bot. 6.209. Watson, Proc. Am.
Acad. 11. 128. Brew. & Wats. 1. c.
T. longipes, var. pygmeum. Gray, Ives’s Rep. 9.
Var. (?) brachypus.
T. subcaulescens. Watson, King’s Rep. 5. 59, in part.
T. eriocephalum. Parry, Am. Naturalist, 9. 269, in part.

T. Macrei. Hook. & Arn. Bot. Misc. 3. 179; Bot. Beechey, 330. Torr. & Gray,
Fl. 1. 690. Walp. Rep. 1. 646. Gay, Fl. Chil. 2. 73. Torrey, Pac. R. Rep. 4. 78;
_ Mex. Bound. 54. Boland. Cat.9. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 8. 379. Watson, Proe.
Am. Acad. 11.129. Brew. & Wats. Bot. Calif. 1. 129.

T. albopurpureum. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1.313. Eat. & Wr. 458. Walp. Rep.
1. 645. Dietr. 4. 996. Benth. Pl. Hartw. 304. Newberry, Pac. R. Rep. 6. 70.

Var. dichotomum. Brewer; Watson, l.c. Brew. & Wats. l. e.

T. dichotomum. Hook. & Arn. Bot. Beechey, 330. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 690.

Walp. Rep. 1. 648. Dietr. 4. 1003. Torrey, Pac. R. Rep. 4. 78. Boland. Cat. 9.

T. mepium, Linn. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1.314. Bigel. Fl. Bost. 3 ed. 289. Eat. &
Wr. 458. Hook. f. Arct. Pl. 289. Gray, Manual, 127.

T. Pennsylvanicum. Willd. Enum. 793. Pursh, 478. Poir. Suppl. 5. 336. Se-

ringe, DC. Prodr. 2. 196. Torrey, Compend. 265. Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am, 1. 151.
Don, Mill. 2.185. Beck, Bot. 79. Torr. & Gray, FI. 1. 691.
T. megacephalum. Nutt. Genera, 2.105. Seringe, DC. Prodr. 2. 204. | Hook.
Fl. Bor.-Am. 1. 132. Don, Mill. 2.192. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1.315. Dietr. 4. 1003.
Torrey, Bot. Wilkes, 271. Watson, Pl. Wheeler, 7; Proc. Am. Acad. 11. 127.
Brew. & Wats. Bot. Calif. 1.131.

Lupinaster macrocephalus. Pursh, 479, t. 23. Eat. & Wr. 306.

T. macrocephalum. Poir. Suppl. 5. 336.

Pentaphyllum macrocephalum. Spreng. Syst. 3. 286.

~

PEE oa ee ee

lee

a) ar

/

\

Trifolium.] LEGUMINOS. 260

T. microcephalum. Pursh, 478. Poir. Suppl. 5. 336. Seringe, DC. Prodr.
2.207. Spreng. Syst. 3.216. Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am. 1. 132, excl. var.; Lond. Journ.
Bot. 6.209. Don, Mill. 2.186. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1.317. Hook. & Arn. Bot.
Beechey, 330. Eat. & Wr. 458. Dietr. 4. 1004. Torrey, Pac. R. Rep. 4. 78;
Mex. Bound. 54; Bot. Wilkes, 271. Cooper, Pac. R. Rep. 12. 58. Gray, Proc.
Am. Acad. 6. 524 & 8. 379. Boland. Cat. 9. Watson, King’s Rep. 5.61; Proc. Am.
Aead. 11. 114 & 131. Brew. & Wats. Bot. Calif. 1. 181.

,f.microdon. Hook. & Arn. Bot. Misc. 3. 180; Bot. Beechey, 330, t. 79. Torr.
& Gray, Fl. 1. 691. Walp. Rep. 1.644. Gay, Fl. Chil. 2. 76. Dietr. 4. 1005.
Torrey, Pac. R. Rep. 4. 78. Boland. Cat.9. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 8. 379. Wat-
son, same, 11.131. Brew. & Wats. Bot. Calif. 1. 151.

T. monanthum. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 6. 523. Watson, Pl. Wheeler, 7; Proc.
Am. Acad. 11. 131. Brew. & Wats. Bot. Calif. 1. 131.
T. pauciflorum, var. (4) parvum. Kellogg, Proc. Calif. Acad. 5. 54.

T. nanum. Torrey, Ann. Lyc. N. Y. 1. 35, t.3. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1.314. Eat.
& Wr. 457. Walp. Rep. 1. 648. Dietr. 4. 1003. Gray, Am. Journ. Sci. 2. 53. 409.
Proc. Acad. Philad. 1863, 59. Watson, King’s Rep. 5. 59; Proc. Am. Acad. 11. 128.
Porter, Fl. Col. 21. Rothr. Pl. Wheeler, 36.

T. Palmeri. Watson, Proc. Am. Acad. 11. 114 & 132. Brew. & Wats. Bot. Calif.
1.129. (Guadalupe Is.)

T. Parryi. Gray, Am. Journ. Sci. 2. 33. 409 (Bull. Soc. Bot. France, 9. 679) ;
Proc. Acad. Philad. 1865, 59. Walp. Ann. 7. 698. Watson, King’s Rep. 5. 61;
Proc. Am. Acad. 11.130. Porter, Hayd. Rep. 1870, 474; FI. Col. 21. Coulter,
Hayd. Rep. 1872, 763. Rothr. Pl. Wheeler, 36.

Tf. pauciflorum. Nutt.; Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1.319. Eat. &© Wr. 457. Walp. Rep.
1. 645. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 8. 379. Torrey, Bot. Wilkes, 272. Watson, Proce.
Am. Acad. 11. 130. Brew. & Wats. Bot. Calif. 1. 130. °

T. microcephalum, var. glabrum. Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am. 1. 132.

T. variegatum. Nutt.; Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1.317. Eat. & Wr. 457. Walp. Rep.
1.644. Dietr. 4. 1004. Newberry, Pac. R. Rep. 6.70. Torrey, Mex. Bound. 54.
Anderson, Cat. Pl. Nev. 119. Boland. Cat.9. | Watson, King’s Rep. 5. 61. Coul-
ter, Hayd. Rep. 1872, 764.

T. oliganthum. Steud. Nomence. 2. 707. Dietr. 4. 1005.

T. plumosum. Dougl.; Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am. 1. 130, t.49. Don, Mill. 2. 192.
Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 313. Eat. & Wr. 457. Walp. Rep. 1. 642. Dietr.4. 996. Tor-
rey, Bot. Wilkes, 271. Watson, Proc. Am. Acad. 11.128. Brew. & Wats. Bot.
Calif. 1. 127.

7. pratense, Linn. Pursh, 478. Bigel. Fl. Bost. 271. Elliott, 2. 201. Torrey,
Compend. 265; Fl. N. Y. 1. 168. Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am. 1. 131. Beck, Bot. 79. Dar-
ling, Fl. Cestr. 406. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1.313. Engelm. Pl. Upp. Miss. 189. New-
berry, Pac. R. Rep. 6. 70. Gray, same, 12. 42; Manual, 127. Chapman, 91. Hook.
f. Arct. Pl. 289. Brew. & Wats. Bot. Calif. 1. 128.

T. procumeens, Linn. Pursh, 479. Barton, Comp. Fl. Philad. 2. 74. Bigel. Fl.
Bost. 2 ed. 271. Torrey, Compend. 265. Beck, Bot. 79. Darling. Fl. Cestr. 408.
Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1.316. Eat. & Wr. 457. Cooper, Pac. R. Rep. 12.58. Chap-

* man, 91. Gray, Manual, 128.

¢ T. campestre. Muhl. Cat. 70. Torrey, Compend. 266. Eat. & Wr. 457.
T. minimum. Barton, Comp. Fl. Philad. 2.74. Seringe, DC. Prodr. 2. 206.
Dietr. 4. 1007.
Var. minus, Koch. Gray, Manual, 128.

266 LEGUMINOS 2. [Trifolium, —

T. reflexum. Linn. Spec. 766. Hill, Veg. Syst. 22, t. 28, fig. 2. Walter, 183,
Willd. Spec. 3. 1357. Michx. Fl. 2. 59. Persoon, 3. 348. oir. Dict. 8.6. Ait. £.
Hort. Kew. 4. 381. Pursh, 477. Elliott, 2. 202. Seringe, DC. Prodr. 2. 201. ;
Spreng. Syst. 3. 208. Torrey, Compend. 265; Fl. N. Y. 1.169. Don, Mill. 2. 190. )
Beck, Bot. 80. Hook, Comp. Bot. Mag. 1. 22; Bot Mag. t.3471. Torr. & Gray,
Fl. 1. 315 & 691. Eat. & Wr. 456. Engelm. & Gray, Pl. Lindh. 7. Parry, Pl. Mimn.
611. Lesqx. Fl. Ark. 355. Chapman, 91. Gray, Manual, 127; Hall’s Pl. Texas, 7.
Watson, Proc. Am. Acad. 11. 127.

? T. adscendens. Hornem. Hort. Hafn. 716. Seringe, DC. Prodr. 2. 207.

T. platycephalum. Bischof, Del. Sem. h. Heidelb. 1839 (Litt.-Ber. zu Linnea,
14. 132). Walp. Rep. 1. 644. Dietr. 4. 1005.
T. repens, Linn. Michx. Fl. 2.59. Pursh, 477. Bigel. Fl. Bost. 271. Elliott,
2.201. Torrey, Compend. 265; Fl. N. Y. 1. 169. Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am. 1. 182)
Beck, Bot. 80. Darling. Fl. Cestr. 407. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 316. Eat. & Wr. 456.
Parry, Pl. Minn. 611. Engelm. Pl. Upp. Miss. 189. Newberry, Pac. R. Rep. 6. 70.
Gray, same, 12. 42; Manual, 127. Chapman, 91. Hook. f. Arct. Pl. 289. Rothr.
Fl. Alaska, 445. Boland. Cat.9. Brew. & Wats. Bot. Calif. 1. 129.

T. stoloniferum. Muhl. Cat. 70. Eaton, Manual, 5 ed. 474. Beck, Bot. 80.
Torr. & Gray, Fl.1.315. Eat. & Wr. 457. Walp. Rep. 1. 648. Dietr. 4. 1004.
Engelm. Pl. Upp. Miss. 189. Gray, Pac. R. Rep. 12. 42; Manual, 127. Waison,
Proc. Am. Acad. 11. 127. f
T. tridentatum. Lindl. Bot. Reg., under t. 1070. Don, Mill. 2.185. Torr. &
Gray, Fl. 1.692. Benth. Pl. Hartw. 10 & 304. Torrey, Sitgr. Rep. 158; Pac. R.
Rep. 4.78; Mex. Bound. 54; Bot. Wilkes, 271. Newberry, Pac. R. Rep. 6. 70.
Boland. Cat. 9. Watson, Proc. Am. Acad. 11.150. Brew. & Wats. Bot. Calif, _
1. 130. |
T. involucratum. Smith, Rees Cye. n. 28. Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am. 1.133. Torr. &
Gray, Fl. 1.3818. Hook. & Arn. Bot. Beechey, 331. |
T. aciculare. Nutt.; Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1.319. Eat. & Wr. 459. Dietr. 4. 1005. ~
T. polyphyllum. Nutt.; Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1.319. Eat. & Wr. 459. Walp. Rep.
1. 645. .
T. Nuttallit. Dietr. 4. 1005. il
T. fimbriatum, var. angustifolium. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 8. 379. |
Var. obtusiflorum. Watson, Proc. Am. Acad. 11.180. Brew. & Wats. Bot.
Calif. 1. 130. a
oT obtusiflorum. Hook. Icon. t. 281. Hook. & Arn. Bot. Beechey, 331. Torr.
& Gray, Fl. 1.691. Walp. Rep. 1. 645. Dietr. 4. 1005. Benth. Pl. Hartw. 304. |
Boland. Cat. 9. |
T. fimbriatum, var. Watson, King’s Rep. 5. 61.
Var. melananthum. Watson, Proc. Am. Acad. 11.130. Brew. & Wats. lL. c.
T. melananthum. Hook. & Arn. Bot. Beechey, 331. Walp. Rep. 1. 645.
T. variegatum, var. 8. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 317 & 691. P|

T. aciculare; tridentatum. T. ciliolatum ; ciliatum.
adscendens ; reflexum. comosum ; Carolinianum.
albopurpureum ; Macreei. denudatum ; gracilentum.
altissimum ; Beekwithii. dichotomum ; Macreei.
biflorum; Stylosanthes elatior. diversifolium ; amplectens.

campestre ; procumbens. erectum; Rhynchosia tomentosa.

Trifolium. Vicia.] LEGUMINOS&. 267

T. eriocephalum ; longipes. T. pauciflorum ; monanthum.

fimbriatum ; involucratum, tridenta- Pennsylvanicum ; medium.
tum. physopetalum ; fucatum.

Haydeni ; Kingii. platycephalum ; reflexum.
heterodon ; involucratum. polyphyllum ; tridentatum. °
involucratum ; tridentatum. psoralioides ; Psoralea melilotoides.
macrocalyx ; Bejariense. repens ; Carolinianum.
macrocephalum ; megacephalum. Remerianum ; amphianthum.
melananthum ; tridentatum. simplicifolia ; Rhynchosia tomentosa.
microcephalum ; pauciflorum. spinulosum ; involucratum.
minimum ; procumbens. stenophyllum ; depauperatum.
Nuttallii; tridentatum. subcaulescens; gymnocarpon, longipes.
obcordatum ; Carolinianum. umbellatum ; Carolinianum.
obtusiflorum ; tridentatum. variegatum; pauciflorum, tridenta-
officinale ; Melilotus officinalis. tum.
oliganthum ; pauciflorum. Willdenovii & Wormskioldii; inyolu-
oxypetalum ; Carolinianum. cratum.

VICIA acutifolia. Elliott, 2.225. Seringe, DC. Prodr. 2.357. Torr. & Gray,
Fl. 1.271. Eat. & Wr. 475. Dietr. 4.1107. Chapman, 98. Wood, Bot. & FI. 86.
V. lutescens. Muhl. Cat. 68.
Cracca acutifolia. Alefeld, Bonplandia, 9. 118.

V. Americana. Muhl.; Willd. Spee. 3. 1096. Persoon, 2. 506. Poir. Dict. 8. 554.
Pursh, 471. Richard. Frankl. Journ.17. Seringe, DC. Prodr. 2. 555. Spreng.
Syst. 3.268. Torrey, Compend. 263; Fl. N. Y. 1. 154; Nicol. Rep. 147; Stansb.
Rep. 385; Bot. Wilkes, 266. Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am. 1. 157; Lond. Journ. Bot. 6. 206.
Don, Mill. 2. 316. Beck, Bot. 88. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1.269. Eat. & Wr. 474.
Nees, Pl. Neuwied. 8. Dietr. 4.1106. Gray, Pl. Fendl. 30; Pac. R. Rep. 12. 41;
Proc. Acad. Philad. 1865, 60; Manual, 159. Seem. Bot. Herald, 51. Engelm. PI.
Upp. Miss. 188. Newberry, Pac. R. Rep. 6.70. Cooper, same, 12. 51. Durand,
Fl. Utah, 161. Lesqx. Fl. Ark. 357. Hook. f. Arct. Pl. 289. Pl. Bourgeau, 256.
Rothr. Fl. Alaska, 435; Pl. Wheeler, 36. Watson, King’s Rep. 5. 78; Pl. Wheeler,
8. Porter, Hayd. Rep. 1870, 475; 1871, 481; Fl. Col. 32. Coulter, Hayd. Rep.
1872, 764. Brew. & Wats. Bot. Calif. 1. 157.

Orobus diffusus. Nutt. in Fras. Cat. 1813.

V. sylvatica. Nutt. Genera, 2. 97.

V. tridentata. Schweinitz, Long’s Exped. Appx. 116. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 272.
Eat. & Wr. 474. Walp. Rep. 1. 718.

Lathyrus diffusus. Don, Mill. 2. 336. Dietr. 4. 1116.

V. Oregana. Nutt.; Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1.270. Eat. & Wr. 475. Walp. Rep.
1.715. Dietr. 4.1106. Durand, Fl. Utah, 161. Torrey, Pac. R. Rep. 4. 76 & 7. 9.
Newberry, same, 6. 70. Cooper, same, 12.57. Boland. Cat. 10. Gray, Proc. Am.
Acad. 8. 380.

V. sparsifolia. Nutt.l.c. Eat. & Wr. 475. Walp. Rep. 1.715. Dietr. 4. 1107.
Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 8. 380.

V. trifida. Dietr. 4. 1112.

Abacosa Americana. Alefeld, Bonplandia, 9. 104.

Var. truncata. Brewer.; Brew. & Wats. Bot. Calif. 1. 158.
V. truncata. Nutt.; Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1.270. Eat. & Wr. 475. Walp. Rep.
1.715. Dietr. 4.1107. Gray, Pl. Fendl. 30; Proc. Am. Acad. 8. 380. Newberry,
Pac. R. Rep. 6. 70. Kellogg, Proc. Calif. Acad. 1.57. Porter, Fl. Col. 82.

268 LEGUMINOS&. [Vicia.

Var. linearis. Watson, Proc. Am. Acad. 11. 134. Brew. & Wats. 1. ec.

Lathyrus linearis. Nutt.; Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1.276. Eat. & Wr. 293. Walp.
Rep. 1.721. Torrey, Nicol. Rep. 147; Frem. Rep. 88; Emory’s Rep. 408; Sitgr.
Rep. 157; Mex. Bound. 49. Dietr. 4. 1114. Gray, Pl. Wright. 2. 32; Pac. R.
Repei2. 41; Am. Journ. Sci. 2. 33. 410; Proc. Acad. Philad. 1863, 60. Engelm. Pl.
Upp. Miss. 188. Porter, Hay al Rep. 1870, 475; Fl. Col. 52. Watson, Pl. Wheeler,
$8. Rothrock, same, 36. :

Lathyrus dissitifolius. Nutt.; Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1.277. Eat. & Wr. 293. Walp.
Rep. 1. 721. Dietr. 4. 1115.

Orobus dissitifolius. Alefeld, Bonplandia, 9. 145.

V. Caroliniana. Walter, 182. Willd. Spec. 3.1094. Persoon, 2. 307. Poir.
Dict. 8. 558. Pursh, 472. Elliott, 2.224. Seringe, DC. Prodr. 2. 355. Spreng.
Syst. 3. 269. Torrey, Compend. 264. Hook. Fl. Bor-Am. 1. 157. Don, Mill.
2.315. Beck, Bot. 88. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1.271. Eat. & Wr. 474. Dietr. 4. 1107.
Lesqx. Fl. Ark. 357. Chapman, 98. Gray, Manual, 139.

V. parviflora. Michx. Fl. 2. 69. Persoon, 2. 306. Poir. Dict. 8. 558.

V. Hexameri. Alefeld, Bot. Zeit. 17. 231.

Cracca Caroliniana. <Alefeld, Bonplandia, 9. 124.

V. Cracea. . Linn. Spec. 735. See syn. in Ledeb. Fl. Ross. 1. 674; Trautvetter,
Trudi Peterb. 3. 49, under Hyvum.— Michx. Fl. 2.69. Pursh, 472. Nutt. Genera,
2.97. Bigel. Fl. Bost. 2 ed. 269. Torrey, Compend. 264; Fl. N. Y. 1. 155. Hook.
Fl. Bor.-Am. 1.157. Beck, Bot. 88. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1.270. Eat. & Wr. 474.
Lange, Pl. Gronl. 135. Hook. f. Arct. Pl. 289. Gray, Manual, 139.

¢ V. Douglassii. Torrey, Am. Journ. Sci. 1. 4. 66.

V. exigua. Nutt.; Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1.272. Eat. & Wr. 475. Walp. Rep. 1. 716.
Dietr. 4. 1107. Gray, Pl. Wright. 2. 32. Torrey, Pac. R. Rep. 4. 76; Mex. Bound.
49. Parry, Am. Naturalist, 9. 269. Watson, Proc. Am. Acad. 11.114. Brew. &
Wats. Bot. Calif. 1. 158.

Cracea exigua. Alefeld, Bonplandia, 9. 119.

V. gigantea. Hook. Fl. Bor-Am. 1.157. Don, Mill. 2.318. Torr. & Gray, FI.
1.270. Eat. & Wr. 474. Torrey, Pac. R. Rep. 4.76; Bot. Wilkes, 266. New-
berry, Pac. R. Rep. 6.70. Cooper, same, 12. 31 & 57. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad.
8. 380. Rothr. Fl. Alask. 445. Boland. Cat. 10. Brew. & Wats. Bot. Calif. 1. 157.

V. Sitchensis. Bongard, Veg. Sitch. 129 (Presl, Repert. Bot. 1.312). Vogel,
Linnea, 10. 591. Ledeb. Fl. Ross. 1. 673. Dietr. 4. 1103.

V. Hookeriana. Walp. Rep. 1. 715.

V. uirsuta, Koch. Chapman, 98. Gray, Manual, 139.

V. Mitchelli. Raf. Préc. Découy. 37, & Desy. Journ. Bot. 1814, 269. Poir. Suppl.
5. 473. Elliott, 2.224. Seringe, DC. Prodr. 2. 360. Don, Mill. 2. 319.

Ervun hirsutum, Linn. Torrey, Compend. 264; Fl. N. Y. 1. 156. Hook. Fl. Bor.-
Am. 1. 158. Don, Mill. 2. 326. Beck, Bot. 89. Darling. Fl. Cestr. 426. Torr. &
Gray, Fl. 1.273. Eat. & Wr. 238.

V. Leavenworthii. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1.271; Pac. R. Rep. 2. 162. Eat. & Wr.
475. Walp. Rep. 1. 716. Dietr. 4.1107. Gray, Pl. Lindh. 170.

Cracca erotanthos. Alefeld, Bonplandia, 9. 118.

V. Ludoviciana. Nutt.; Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1.271. Eat. & Wr. 475. Walp. Rep.
1.716. Engelm. & Gray, Pl. Lindh. 6. Dietr. 4.1107. Gray, Hall’s Pl. Texas,
7. Young, Fl. Texas, 229.

V. Cracca, var. pauciflora. Hook. Comp. Bot. Mag. 1. 23.

Ervum pilosum. Engelm. in Céstr. Bot. Zeit. 1859, 363.

-

_ Vicia. Vigna.] LEGUMINOS &. 969

Ervum tridentatum. Alefeld, Gistr. Bot. Zeit. 1859, 363.
Cracca Ludoviciana & tridentata. Alefeld, Bonplandia, 9. 119.

V. micrantha. Nutt ; Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1.271. Eat. & Wr. 475. Walp. Rep.
tio. Gray, Pl) Kendl. 30; Hall’s El. Texas, 7. ae Marcy’s Rep. 283.
Chapman, 98. Wood, Bot. & Fl. 86. Porter, Fl. Col. 32.

V. minutiflora. Dietr. 4. 1107.

Evvum emaryinatum. Engelm.; Alefeld in Gistr. Bot. Zeit. 1859, 363.

Abacosa micrantha. Alefeld, Bonplandia, 9. 104.

V. pulchella. HBK. Nov. Gen. 6. 499, t. 583. Seringe, DC. Prodr. 2. 357.
Gray, Pl. Wright. 2.32. Torrey, Sitgr. Rep. 157; Mex. Bound. 49. Brew. &
Wats. Bot. Calif. 1. 158.

V. exigua. Torr. & Gray, Pac. R. Rep. 2. 162.

Cracca pulchella. Alefeld, Bonplandia, 9. 119.
V. sariva, Linn. Walter, 183. Michx. Fl. 2.69. Pursh, 471. Bigel. Fl. Bost.
2 ed. 270. Elliott, 2.223. Torrey, Compend. 263; Fl. N. Y. 1.156. Hook. Fl
Bor.-Am. 1. 157. Beck, Bot. 89. Darling. Fl. Cestr. 425. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 272.
Eat. & Wr. 474. Chapman, 98. Pl. Bourgeau, 256. Gray, Manual, 138. Brew.
& Wats. Bot. Calif. 1. 158.

V. Canadensis. Zuccagni, Obs. Bot. n. 83. Seringe, DC. Prodr. 2. 861. Don,
Mill. 2.322. Dietr. 4. 1111.
Var. ANGUSTIFOLIA, Seringe. Gray, Manual, 138
V. TETRASPERMA, Loisel. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1.272. Eat. & Wr. 475. Torrey, Fl.
N. Y. 1.155. Gray, Manual, 139.

Ervun tetraspermum, Linn. ‘Torrey, Compend. 264. Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am. 1. 158.
Beck, Bot. 89.

V. pusilla. Muhl.; Willd. Spec. 3.1106. Persoon, 2. 308. Poir. Dict. 8. 564.
Pursh, 471. Bigel. FL Bost. 2 ed. 270. Seringe, I. c. 8363. Don, Mill. 2. 321.

V. Canadensis ; sativa. V. Oregana; Americana.
Cracca; Ludoviciana. parviflora ; Caroliniana.
Douglassti ; Cracea. pusilla ; tetrasperma.
exigua ; pulchella. Sitchensis ; gigantea.
Fexameri; Caroliniana. sparsifolia ; Americana.
Hookeriana; gigantea. stipulacea ; Lathyrus polymorphus.
lutescens ; acutifolia. sylvatica & truncata; Americana.
minutiflora ; micrantha. trifida ; tridentata.

Mitchelli ; hirsuta.

VIGNA luteola. Benth. in Mart. Fl. Bras. 15!. 194, t. 50, fig. 2, with syn.
Griseb. Fl. Brit. W. Ind. 195, with syn.

Dolichos luteolus. Jacq. Hort. Vind. 1. 39, t.90. Lam. Dict. 2.299. Pursh, 470.
Nutt. Genera, 2. 112. Elliott, 2.231. Eat. & Wr. 227.

V. glabra. Savi, Mem. 3.8% DC. Prodr. 2. 401. Hook. Comp. Bot. Mag. 1. 24.
Don, Mill. 2. 360. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 281 & 686. Engelm. & Gray, Pl. Lindh. 6
Dietr. 4.1197. Smith, Proc. Acad. ee 1867, 19. Chapman, 106.

V. villosa. Savi, l.c. DC. Prodr. 2. 401. Torrey, Mex. Bound. 50.

? V. hirsuta. Feay; Wood, Bot. & FL 96.

Var. angustifolia.
V. glabra, var. angustifolia. Engelm. & Gray, Pl. Lindh. 6

270 LEGUMINOSZ&. [ Wistaria. Adenostoma. ;

WISTARIA frutescens. Poir.in Lam. Ill. 3.674. DC. Prodr. 2. 390. Audu-
bon, Birds, t. 95. Sweet, Brit. Fl. Gard. 2 ser. t.104. Don, Mill. 2. 348. Maund,
Bot. Gard. 9, t.386. Spach, Hist. Veg. 1.521. Hook. Comp. Bot. Mag. 1. 24.
Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 283. Walp. Rep. 1. 770. Loud. Arbor. 2. 647, f. 359. Dietr.
4, 1202. Curtis, Bot. N. Car. 118. Chapman, 95. Gray, Manual, 151.

Anonymos frutescens. Walter, 186.

Glycine frutescens. Linn. Spec. 753. Hill, Veg. Syst. 21, t. 7, fig. 2. Marshall,
Arbust. 55. Lam. Dict. 2.738. Ait. Hort. Kew. 3. 35. Willd. Spec. 3. 1067;
Enum. 757. Michx. Fl. 2. 63. Persoon, 2. 801. Sims, Bot. Mag. t. 2103. André,
Revue Hort. 1862, 12 & 49, with t.

Apios frutescens. Pursh, 474.

Diplonyx elegans. Raf. Fl. Lud. 101. Poir. 1. c. 8. 675. Spreng. Syst. 3. 279.

W. speciosa. Nutt. Genera, 2. 116. Spreng. Syst. 3. 255.

Thyrsanthus frutescens. Elliott, Journ. Acad. Philad. 1. 371 (Litt.-Ber. zu Lin-
nea, 1828, 164); Sketch, 2. 237.

Thyrsanthus Floridana. Croom, Am. Journ. Sci. 1. 25. 75 & 1. 28. 167.

Phaseolus frutescens. Tat. & Wr. 354.

Var. macrostachya. Torr. & Gray, FI. 1. 283.

ZORNIA diphylla. Persoon, 2. 318. See syn. in Benth. Mart. FI. Bras. 15!. 80
(t. 21, 22), & Griseb. Fl. Brit. W. Ind. 185,

Var. reticulata. Benth. 1. ¢c.

Z. reticulata. Smith, Rees Cye.n.2. DC. Prodr. 2.516. Gray, Pl. Wright.
2.46. Seem. Bot. Herald, 250.
Z. tetraphylla. Michx. Fl. 2. 76,t.41. Persoon, 2. 318. Pursh, 484. Elliott,
2.219. DC. Prodr. 2. 317. Spreng. Syst. 3.311. Don, Mill. 2. 280. Hook. Comp.
Bot. Mag. 1. 22. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 354. Eat. & Wr. 485. Dietr. 4. 1129. Benth,
in Mart Fl. Bras. 154. 83. Chapman, 100. Wood, Bot. & Fl. 87. Gray, Hall’s Pl.
Texas, 7.

Anonymos bracteata. Walter, 181.

Z. bracteata. Gmelin, Syst. 1096.

Hedysarum tetraphyllum. Poir. Dict. 6. 405.

ROSACE.

ACZ5NA trifida. Ruiz & Pavon, Fl. Peruy. 1. 67, t.104,f.C. [Vahl, Enum. P
1. 296. Persoon, 1.142. Roem. & Schult. Syst. 1. 269. DC. Prodr. 2. 593. Gay,
Fl. Chil. 2. 292.] Torrey, Pac. R. Rep. 4. 84; Bot. Wilkes, 294. Brew. & Wats.
Bot. Calif. 1. 186.

A, pinnatifida. Lindl. Bot. Reg. 15, t.1271, not Ruiz & Pay. Hook. & Arn.

Bot. Beechey, 339. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 432. Torrey, Mex. Bound. 63, t.19. Bo-
land. Cat. 10.
ADENOSTOMA fasciculatum. Hook. & Arn. Bot. Beechey, 139 & 538, t. 30.
Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 430. Walp. Rep. 2. 43 & 5, 655. Torrey, Frem. Rep. 11; Em-
ory’s Rep. 140; Pac. R. Rep. 4.84 & 7.11; Mex. Bound. 63; Bot. Wilkes, 293,
3enth. Bot. Sulph. 14; Pl. Hartw. 309. Presl, Epimel. Bot. 200. Lindl. in Journ.
Hort. Soc. Lond. 6. 55 & fig. | Boland. Proce. Calif. Acad. 3.79; Cat. 10. Baillon,
Hist. Pl. 1. 383, f. 438. Brew. & Wats. Bot. Calif. 1. 184.

Var. obtusifolium. Watson, Bot. Calif. 1. 184.

Adenostoma. Alchemilla.| ROSACEZ. om

A. sparsifolium. Torrey, Emory’s Rep. 140; Mex. Bound. 63, t.20. Baillon,
Hist. Pl. 1. 384. Brew. & Wats. Bot. Calif. 1. 185.

AGRIMONIA SHupatoria. Linn. Spec. 448. See syn. in Ledeb. FI. Ross.
2.31; Pritzel, Icon. Bot. 27. — Walter, 151. Pursh, 335. Bigel. Fl. Bost. 189.
Elliott, 1.535. Torrey, Fl. U. 8.478; FL N. Y.1.207. Spreng. Syst. 2. 461.
Raf. Med. Bot. 1. 34,f.3. Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am. 1.196. Don, Mill. 2. 563, f. 73.
Beck, Bot. 108. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 451. C. A. Meyer, Rev. Agrim. 9 (Ann. Sci.
Nat. 2.18. 374). Hat. & Wr. 116. Dietr. 3.26. Gray, Pl. Fendl. 41; Manual,
151. Engelm. Pl. Upp. Miss. 190. Chapman, 122. Porter, Fl. Col. 34. Brew. &
Wats. Bot. Calif. 185.

A. pilosa. Pl. Bourgeau, 256.

A. platycarpa, rostellata & gryposepala. Wallroth, Beitr. Bot. 1. 38, 42 & 49, t. 1,
f.5,8. Walp. Rep. 2. 38 & 39,

Var. parviflora. Hook. Fl. Bor-Am. 1. 196, excl. syn. Torr. & Gray, FI. 1. 431.

Torrey, Fl. N. Y. 1. 206. .

A. minor. Muhl. Ind. FI. Lane. 170.

A. striata. Michx. Fl. 1. 287. Poir. Suppl. 5. 559. Seringe, DC. Prodr. 2. 588.
Meyer, ll. cc. 15 & 379. Don, Mill. 2. 563. Eat. & Wr. 117. Walp. Rep. 2. 41.

A. parviflora. Spreng. Syst. 2. 461, not Ait. Seringe, lc. Beck, Bot. 108.

A. microcarpa & pubescens. Wallroth, |. c. 39 & 45,t.1, £3, 7. Walp. l.c.
A. incisa. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1.431. Meyer, ll. ec. 16 & 379. Walp. Rep.
2. 41. Dietr. 3. 26. Bertoloni, Bot. Misc. 11. 20, t.4. Chapman, 122. Wood, Cl.-
Book, 337.

A. parviflora, var. incisa. Wood, Bot. & FI. 108.

_A. parviflora. Ait. Hort. Kew. 2. 150. Willd. Spee. 2. 876. Persoon, 2. 9.

Poir. Suppl. 1. 263. Pursh, 336. Don, Mill. 2.563. Hook. Comp. Bot. Mag. 1. 24.
Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1.431. Meyer, ll. cc. 16 & 379. Eat. & Wr. 117. Walp. Rep.
2.41. Dietr. 3.27. Engelm. Pl. Upp. Miss. 190. Lesqx. Fl. Ark. 359. Chapman,
122. Hook. f. in Mart. Fl. Bras. 142.67. Gray, Manual, 151. Macoun & Gibson,
Trans. Bot. Soc. Edinb. 12. 322.

A. Eupatoria. Michx. FI. 1. 287, chiefly.

A. suaveolens. Pursh, 336. Poir. Suppl. 5. 539. Elliott, 1. 586. Spreng. Syst.
2.461. Seringe, DC. Prodr. 2. 588. Don, Mill. 2. 563. Hook. Comp. Bot. Mag.
1.24. Beck, Am. Journ. Sci. 1. 14.112. Eat. & Wr.117. Meyer, ll. ce. 16 & 379.
Wallroth, Beitr. Bot. 1. 55, t. 1, f. 10. Walp. Rep. 2. 40 & 41.

A. serrifolia. Wallroth, I. c. 1.40. Walp. Rep. 2. 38.

ALCHEMILLA alpina. Linn. Spec. 123. [Oeder, Fl. Dan. t. 49. Enel. Bot.
4, t. 244.]— Pursh, 112. Nutt. Genera, 1.106. Roem. & Schult. Syst. 3. 470.
Torrey, Fl. U. 8.191. Spreng. Syst. 1. 454. DC. Prodr. 2. 588. Hook. Fl. Bor.
Am. 1.197. Beck, Bot. 114. Torr. & Gray, FI. 1. 432. Eat. & Wr. 119. Bigel.
Fl. Bost. 3 ed. 63. Durand, Pl. Kane. in Journ. Acad. Philad. 1856, 190 (Kane’s
Exped. 2. 453). Lange, Pl. Groenl. 135. Hook. f. Journ. Linn. Soc. 5. 83; Arct.
Pl. 289. Gray, Manual, 151.
A. arvensis. Scop. Fl. Carn. 2 ed.1.115. [DC. Prodr. 2.590. Engl. Bot. 15,
t. 1011.] — Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 482. Curtis, Am. Journ. Sci. 2. 7.406. Torrey,
Pac. R. Rep. 4. 84; Bot. Wilkes, 293. Chapman, 123. Gray, Manual, 151. Bo-
land. Cat. 10. Brew. & Wats. Bot. Calif. 185.

Aphanes arvensis. Linn. Spec. 123. [Oeder, Fl. Dan. t. 973. Lam. IIl. 1. 348,
t. 87. Schkuhr, Handb. 1. 87, t. 26.] Nutt. Genera, 1. 106. Eat. & Wr. 129.

Alchemilla Aphanes. Pursh, 112. Spreng. Syst. 1. 454.

272 ROSACEZ. [Alchemilla. Amelanchier.

A. cuncifolia. Nutt.; Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 432. Walp. Rep. 2. 42.
A. occidentalis. Nutt.1l.c. Walp. Rep. 2.42. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 8. 381,”
Watson, same, 11. 114.

A. vulgaris. Linn. Spec. 132. [Oeder, Fl. Dan. t. 693. Engl. Bot.t.597.] See
syn. in Ledeb. Fl. Ross. 2. 29; Pritzel, Icon. Bot. 82.— Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am. 1. 197. 7
Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1.482. Seller, Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. 1. 16.171. Durand, PL
Kane, 1856, 190 (Kane’s Exp. 2. 453). Lange, Pl. Groenl. 135. Hook. f. in
Journ. Linn. Soe. 1.116 & 5.83; Arct. Pl. 289. Ascherson, Fl. Lab. in Flora,
43. 370.
AMELANCHIER alnifolia. Nutt. in Journ. Acad. Philad. 7.22. Roemer,
Syn. Monog. 3. 147. Cooper, Am. Naturalist, 3.407. Wenzig, Linnea, 38. 113.
Decaisne, Mem. Fam. Pom. in Nouy. Arch. Mus. 10. 135. Watson, Pl. Wheeler, 8.
Brew. & Wats. Bot. Calif. 1. 190.

Pyrus sanguinea. Pursh, 340, in part.

Aronia alnifolia. Nutt. Genera, 1. 306. . Eat. & Wr. 135.

Pyrus alnifolia. Spreng. Syst. 2. 509.

Al. ovalis, var. semiintegrifolia. Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am. 1. 202. Don, Mill. 2. 604.

A. florida. Lindl. Bot. Reg. 19, t. 1589 (Litt.-Ber. zu Linnea, 1835, 14).
Spach, Hist. Veg. 2. 86. Walp. Rep. 2.55. Loud. Arbor. 2. 876, f. 633, 634, ©
Roemer, Syn. Monog. 3. 144. Decaisne, Mem. Fam. Pom. 136.

A. Canadensis, var. alnifolia.’ Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 473. Walp. Rep. 2. 55. Dietr. —
3. 158. Torrey, Frem. Rep. 89; Pac. R. Rep. 4. 85; Mex. Bound. 64; Bot. Wilkes, —
291. Hook. in Lond. Journ. Bot. 6. 220. Gray, Pl. Fendl. 42; Ives’s Rep. 11; Proce.
Am. Acad. 8. 382; Manual, 162. Newberry, Pac. R. Rep. 6. 73. Cooper, same, 7
12. 50. Kellogg, Proc. Calif. Acad. 1. 59. Bolander, same, 3. 80; Cat. 11. Watson,
King’s Rep. 5. 92. Porter, Hayd. Rep. 1871, 481; Fl. Col. 38. Coulter, Hayd. Rep. ~
1872, 765. Rothr. Pl. Wheeler, 37.

A. Canadensis, var. pumila. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1.474. Walp.1.c. Dietr. 1. e.

A. pumila. Roem. Syn. Monog. 3. 145.

A. Canadensis, var. oblongifolia. Benth. Pl. Hartw. 309.

A. Canadensis. Anderson, Cat. Pl. Nev. 120.

A. Canadensis. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 473. Walp. Rep. 2.55. Dietr. 3. 158.
Torrey, Fl. N. Y. 1. 225. Emerson, Trees of Mass. 1. 443, & 2 ed. 2. 503, fig. Par-7
ry, Pl. Minn. 612. Engelm. Pl. Upp. Miss. 191. Richard. Arct. Exped. 428. Seem.
Bot. Herald, 52. Hook. f. Arct. Pl. 290 & 327. Curtis, Bot. N. Car. 68. Chap=
man, 129. Pl. Bourgeau, 256. Gray, Manual, 162. Maximowicz, Bull. Acad, ©
Petersb. 19. 175 (Mélang. Biolog. 9. 174). °

Mespilus Canadensis. Linn. Spec. 1. 478, excl. syn. Gronov. Walter, 148. Ait.
Hort. Kew. 2. 178.

Crataegus tomentosa. Linn. Spec. 476, syn. Gronov.

Pyrus Botryapium. Winn. f. Suppl. 255. Wangenh. Amer. t. 28. Ehrhart, Beitr. —
1. 185 & 2. 68. Willd. Spec. 2. 1013; Enum. 525. Ait. f. Hort. Kew. 3. 207. Pursh,
359. Bigel. Fl. Bost. 196. Guimp. Otto & Hayne, t.'79. Spreng. Syst. 2. 509.
Audubon, Birds, t. 60. q

Crataegus racemosa. Lam. Dict. 1.84. Nouv. Duham. 4.153. Poir. Suppl.
1. 292. ;

Mespilus nivea. Marshal, Arbust. 90.

Mespilus Canadensis, var. B. cordata. Michx. FI. 1. 291. : “a

Aronia Botryapium. Persoon, 2. 39. Nutt. Genera, 1. 557. Elliott, 1. 557. Tor-
rey, Fl. U. 8. 479. Eat. & Wr. 135. :

Mespilus arborea. Michx. f. Arb. Am. 8. 68, t, 11.

Amelanchier. Canotia.| ROSACE. 273

Amelanchier Botryapium. Lindl. Trans. Linn. Soc. 13. 100. DC. Prodr. 2. 652.
Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am. 1. 202. Don, Mill. 2. 604. -Beck, Bot. 112. Spach, Hist. Veg.
2.84. Loud. Arbor. 2. 874, t. 162, 163, & f. 627-629. Roem. Syn. Monog.
8.145. Wenzig, Linnea, 38.110. Decaisne, Mem. Fam. Pom. 135.

Aronia cordata. Raf. Med. Bot. 2. 196.

Amelanchier ovalis. Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am. 1. 202, in part.

Pyrus Bartramiana & Wangenheimiana. Tausch, Flora, 21.715. Roem. Syn.
Monog. 3. 145 & 146 (as Amelanchier).

Var. rotundifolia. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1.473. Walp. Rep. 2.55. Dietr. 3. 158.
Torrey, Fl. N. Y. 1.225. Cooper, Pac. R. Rep. 12.60. Chapman, 129. Gray,
Manual, 162.

2 Mespilus Amelanchier. Walter, 148.

Pyrus ovalis. Willd. Arbor. 259; Spec. 2.1014; Enum. 525. Spreng. Syst.
2.509. Wenzig, Linnea, 38. 111.

Mespilus Canadensis, var. rotundifolia. Michx. Fl. 1. 291.

Aronia ovalis. Persoon, 2. 40. Elliott, 1. 558.

Amelanchier ovalis. Lindl. Trans. Linn. Soc. 13. too.

@ Aronia latifolia. Riddell, Suppl. Cat. Pl. Ohio, 24.

2 Xeromalon obovatum. Raf. New Flora, 3. 12.

Amelanchier rotundifolia. Roem. Syn. Monog. 3. 146.

Var. (?) oblongifolia. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1.478. Walp. Rep. 2. 55. Dietr.
| 8.158. Torrey, Fl. N. Y. 1. 225; Nicol. Rep. 149. Emerson, Trees of Mass. 1. 444,
&2ed. 2. 504, fig. Gray, Manual, 162.
Crategus spicata. Lam. Dict. 1. 84. Nouv. Duham. 4. 132. Poir. Suppl.
et. 292.

Mespilus Canadensis, var. obovalis. Michx. Fl. 1. 291.

Pyrus ovalis. Pursh, 340. Schrank, Pfl. Lab. 26. Bigel. Fl. Bost. 195.

Aronia ovalis.° Torrey, Fl. U. S. 479. Eat. & Wr. 135.

Amelanchier ovalis. DC. Prodr. 2. 632. Meyer, Pl. Lab. 81. Hook. FI. Bor.-
Am. 1. 202, in part. Don, Mill. 2. 604. Beck, Bot. 112. Spach, Hist. Veg. 2. 85.
Loud. Arb. 2. 876, f. 632.

Amelanchier intermedia. Spach, Hist. Veg. 2. 85. Wenzig, Linnea, 38. 112.

¢ Pyrus Neumanniana. Tausch, 1. c. Roem. 1. ¢. 3. 147 (as Amelanchier).

Amelanchier oblongifolia. Roem. 1. ¢.

A. spicata. Decaisne, Mem. Fam. Pom. 135, t. 9, v.
Var. (?) oligocarpa. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 474. Walp. Rep. 2.55. Dietr. 3. 158.
Torrey, Fl. N. Y. 1. 226. Gray, Manual, 162.

Mespilus Canadensis, var. oligocarpa. Michx. FJ, 1. 291.

Pyrus sanguinea. Pursh, 340, in part. Bigel. Fl. Bost. 2. ed. 196. Spreng. |
) Syst. 2. 509. :

Aronia sanguinea. Nutt. Genera, 1. 306. Eat. & Wr. 135.

Amelanchier sanguinea. DC. Prodr. 2. 633. Lindl. Bot. Reg. 14, t. 1171. Hook.
Fl. Bor-Am. 1. 203. Don, Mill. 2. 604. Beck, Bot. 113. Spach, Hist. Veg. 2. 86,
t9,f£R. Nees, Pl. Neuwied, 6? Loud. Arb. 2. 875, f. 630, 631. Roem. Syn.
Monog. 3. 145. Wenzig, Linnea, 38. 114. Decaisne, Mem. Fam. Pom. 136.

A, oligocarpa. Roem. Syn. Monog. 3. 145.

| CANOTIA holacantha. Torrey, Pac. R. Rep. 4. 68. Gray, Ives’s Rep. 15.
| Brew. & Wats. Bot Calif. 1. 190.

Keberlinia (7%) * Engelm. in Emory’s Rep. 158, f. 14.
18

974 ROSACEA. [Cerasus. Chrysobalanus. —

CERASUS. See under Prunus.

C. borealis; P. Pennsylvanica. C. littoralis; P. maritima.
Canadensis ; P. Americana. micrantha ; P. Virginiana.
cerasifera ; P. maritima. mollis; P. emarginata.

Capuli; P. Capollin. nigra ; P. Americana.

depressa; P. pumila. obovata ; P. Virginiana.
Duerinckii ; P. Virginiana. persicifolia ; P. Pennsylvanica.
erecta & glandulosa ; P. emarginata. pubescens & pygmea; P. maritima.
glauca; P. pumila. serotina ; P. demissa, Virginiana.
hiemalis ; P. Americana. Susquehanne ; P. pumila.

hirsuta; P. Virginiana. Virginiana ; P. serotina.

CERCOCARPUS breviflorus. Gray, Pl. Wright. 2.54. Walp. Ann. 4. 665,

C. fothergilloides. HBI. Nov. Gen. 6. 232, t.559. DC. Prodr. 2.589. Benth.
Pl. Hartw. 16. Gray, Pl. Wright. 1.68. Seem. Bot. Herald, 281. SBaillon, Hist.
Plant. 1. 381, f. 436, 437. (Mexican.)

C. intricatus. Watson, Proc. Am. Acad. 10. 346. Parry, Am. Naturalist, 9. 270;
Proe. Davenport Acad. 1. 147, referring it to C. ledifolius.
C’. breviflorus. Watson, King’s Rep. 5. 83.

C. ledifolius. Nutt.; Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1.427. Hook. Icon. t. 324. Walp. Rep.
2.46. Dietr. 3.119. Nutt. Sylva, 2. 28,t.51. Watson, King’s Rep. 5. 83 & 420; iam
Pl. Wheeler, 8. Porter, Hayd. Rep. 1871, 481. Coulter, same, 1872, 765. Parry, 9
Am. Naturalist, 9. 201 & 270; Proc. Dav. Acad. 1. 146 & 147. Engelm. in Simp-
son’s Rep. 485. Brew. & Wats. Bot. Calif. 1. 174.

C. parvifolius. Nutt.; Hook. & Arn. Bot. Beechey, 337. Torr. & Gray, Fl. ©
1.427; Pac. R. Rep. 2.164. Hook. Icon. t. 323. Walp. Rep. 2.45. Torrey,™
Frem. Rep. 89; Emory’s Rep. 159; Sitgr. Rep. 158; Pac. R. Rep. 4. 83; Mex. ©
Bound. 63; Bot. Wilkes, 287. Dietr. 3.119. Gray, Pl. Fendl. 41; Pl. Wright.
1. 68 & 2. 54; Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist. 7.146; Am. Journ. Sci. 2. 33. 411; Proc. =
Acad. Philad. 1863, 61. Engelm. Pl. Upp. Miss. 190. Boland. Proc. Calif. Acad.
8. 79; Cat. 10. Porter, Hayd. Rep. 1870, 475; 1871, 481; Fl. Col. 34. Watson;
King’s Rep. 5. 82. Rothr. Pl. Wheeler, 37.. Brew. & Wats. Bot. Calif. 1. 174.
C. fothergilloides. Torrey, Ann. Lyc. N. Y. 2. 198.

Var. glaber. Watson, Bot. Calif. 1. 175.

©. betulefolius. Nutt.; Hook. Icon. t. 322. Walp. Rep. 2. 46..
C. betuloides. Nutt.; Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1.427. Hook. in Lond. Journ. Bot. 4
6. 218. 4
CHAMZIBATIA foliolosa. Benth. Pl. Hartw. 308. Torrey, Pl. Frem. 11, _
t.6; Proc. Am. Assoc. 4. 192; Pac. R. Rep. 4. 84. Walp. Ann. 2. 520. Durand,
Pl. Pratten. 87. Hook. Bot. Mag. t.5171. L’Hort. Franc. 1861, t.2. Baillon,
Hist. Plant. 1. 379. Brew. & Wats. Bot. Calif. 1. 173.
CHAMZ@RHODOS erecta. Bunge; Ledeb. FI. Alt. 1.431. See syn. in Ledeb.
Fl. Ross. 2. 33. — Hook. Fl. Bor-Am. 1.196. Don, Mill. 2. 562. Torr. & Gray,
Fl. 1.433. Torrey, Nicol. Rep. 149. Gray, Pac. R. Rep. 12. 43; Proc. Acad.
Philad. 1863, 61. Pl. Bourgeau, 256. Porter, Hayd. Rep. 1871, 481; Fl. Col. 30. ;

Sibbaldia erecta, Linn. Pursh, 211.

Var. Nuttallii. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 433. Engelm. Pl. Upp. Miss. roo.
Sibbaldia erecta, var. parviflora. Nutt. Genera, 1.207. Eat. & Wr. 424.

CHRYSOBALANUS Icaco. Linn. Spec. 513. [Jacq. Hist. Stirp. Am. 154,
t. 94; Schnizl. Icon. t.274.] | See syn. in Hook. f. Mart. Fl. Bras. 142.7; Pritzel, |

Chrysobalanus. Cratzgus.] ROSACEX. OTD
Index Icon. Bot. 263. — Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1.406. Cooper, Smithson. Rep. 1860,
439. Chapman, 119.
C. oblongifolius. Michx. Fl. 1. 283. Persoon, 2. 56. Poir. Pupey 3. 135. Pursh,
$29. Nutt. Genera, 1.301. Elliott, 1.529. Spreng. Syst. 20518: DC. Prodr.

526. Raf. New FI. 3.26. Torr. & Gray, FI. 1. 406. Dietr. 3 3. 46. Chapman,
119. Wood, Cl-Book, 326; Bot. & Fl. 101.

C. retusus, incanus & prunifolius? Raf. New FI. 3. 26.

Persea longipeda. Bertol. Bot. Misc. 13. 14, t. 2 (Bot. Zeit. 14. 117); fide Gray,
Am. Journ. Sci. 2. 20. 279.
COLEOGYNE ramosissima. Torrey, Pl. Frem. 8, t. 4 (Flora, 36. 705). Walp.
Ann. 4. 641. Gray, Ives’s Rep. 11. Baillon, Hist. Pl. 1.382. Parry, Am. Natu-
ralist, 9.270. Brandegee, Fl. S. W. Col. 236. Brew. & Wats. Bot. Calif. 1. 174.

COW ANIA ericefolia. Torrey, Pl. Frem. 12; Mex. Bound. 63. Gray, PI.
Wright. 2. 106. Walp. Ann. 4. 666. Brew. & Wats. Bot. Calif. 1.175.

C. Mexicana. D. Don, Trans. Linn. Soc. 14. 574, t. 22, f.1-6. Don, Mill.
9.528. Benth. Pl. Hartw. 16. Seem. Bot. Herald, 283. Gray, Pl. Wright. 2. 55
Ives’s Rep. 11. Torrey, Pac. R. Rep. 4.84; Mex. Bound. 63. Watson, King’s
Rep. 5. 83; Pl. Wheeler, 8. Parry, Am. Naturalist, 9.270. Brandegee, Fl. 8. W.
Col. 236. Brew. & Wats. Bot. Calif. 1. 175.
Geum (%) dryadoides. Mog. & Sesse, Icon. Pl. Mex. ined. t. 297. DC. Prodr.
2.554. Fisch. & Mey. Ind. Sem. Petrop. 11, Suppl. 54. Gray, Pl. Wright. 1. 68.
C. plicata. ‘Torrey, Frem. Rep. 314.
C. Stansburiana. Torrey, Stansb. Rep. 386, t. 3 (Flora, 36. 702); Sitgr. Rep.
159; Pac. R. Rep. 4.7 & 84. Walp. Ann. 4. 666. Durand, Fl. Utah, 163.
C. plicata. D.Don in Sweet, Brit. Fl. Gard. 2 ser. t.400. Loud. ae 4, 2557,
f. 2445. Gray, PL Wright. 1. 68. - Torrey, Stansb. Rep. 886. Brew. & Wats. Bot.
Calif. 1. 175.
C. purpurea. Zuee. Miinch. Abhandl. 4, t. 2.
C. @ Engelm. in Wisliz. Rep. 20. Walp. ns 3. 857.
Greggia rupestris. Kngelm. 1. c. 30. Walp. Ann. 3. 857
CRATZiGUS estivalis. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 468. Walp. Rep. 2. 58. Dietr.
3. 162. Nutt. Sylva, 2.12. Chapman, 127. Wood, Cl.-Book, 331; Bot. & Fl. 111.
Regel, Rev. Crat. in Trudi Imp. Peterb. Bot. Sada, 1. 124.
Mespilus cestivalis. Walter, 148. Lam. Dict. 4. 447.
C. elliptica & lucida. Elliott, 1. 548 & 549,
C. opaca. Hook. & Arn. Comp. Bot. Mag. 1. 25. Loud. Arb. 4. 2565.
Anthomeles cestivalis. Roem. Syn. Monog. 3. 141.

C. apiifolia. Michx. Fl. 1.287. Persoon, 2.38. Pursh, 336. Nutt. Genera,
1.305. Elliott, 1.552. DC. Prodr. 2. 627. Dent Mill. 2. 599. Audubon, Birds,

t192. Hook. Comp. Bot. Mag. 1. 25. -Torr. & Gray, FJ. 1. 467. Hat. & Wr. 212.
Dietr. 3. 160. Loud. Arb. 2. 824, t. 136 & f. 588, 589. Roem. Syn. Monog. 3. 121.
Chapman, 127. Gray, Manual, 159; Hall’s Pl. Texas, 9.

C. Oxyacantha 2? Walter, 147.

Mespilus apiifolia. Marsh. Arbust. 89. Poir. Suppl. 4. 68. Spreng. Syst. 2. 508.
Spach, Hist. Veg. 2. 67.

Mespilus monogyna, var. apiifolia. Koch, Dendr. 1. 160.

C. Oxyacantha, var. apiifolia. Regel, Rey. Crat. 119.
C. arborescens. Elliott, 1.550. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1.466. Eat. & Wr. 212.
Dietr. 3.160. Walp. Rep. 2. 58. Nutt. Sylva, 2. 10, t.45. Chapman, 127. Wood,
Cl.-Book, 331; Bot. & Fl.111. Gray, Hall’s Pl. Texas, 9. Young, Fl. Texas, 259.

C. berberifolia. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1.469. Dietr. 3.159. Walp. Rep. 2. 59,
Roem. Syn. Monog. 3.115. Wood, Cl.-Book, 552. Regel, Rev. Crat. 123.

Pfl. Lab. 26. Elliott, 1.553. Torrey, Fl. U. 8.474; FI. N. Y. 1.221; Emory

Don, Mill. 2.599. Meyer, Pl. Lab. 82. Beck, Bot. 112. Lindl. Bot. Reg. 23)
t.1957. Darling. Fl. Cestr. 293. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 465. Bigel. Fl. Bost. 3 ed.
206. Eat. & Wr. 211. Nees, Pl. Neuwied,9? Dietr. 3.160. Walp. Rep. 2. 58.
Loud. Arb. 2. 816, t.121 & f. 564-566. Emerson, Trees of Mass. 434, & 2 ed.
2. 493, t. Richard. Arct. Exped. 427. Gray, Pac. R. Rep. 12.43; Manual, 160:

Brandegee, Fl. S. W. Col. 236 2

Dict. 4. 442. Willd. Enum. 528. Wendl. in Regensb. Flora, 1823, 699. Spreng.

Brit. 1, t. 58. Koch, Dendr. 1. 148.

Fl. U. S. 475. DC. Prodr. 2. 627. Lodd. Bot. Cab. t. 1012.- Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am
1.201. Don, Mill. 2.599. Beck, Bot. 112. Eat. & Wr. 211. Loud. Arb. 2. 817]
t. 122 & f£. 550, 567,568. Richard. Arct. Exped. 427. Curtis, Bot. N. Car. 84
Regel, Rey. Crat. 120.

4. 86 2

276 ROSACEX. [Cratzegus,
Pheenopyrum arborescens. Roem. Syn. Monog. 3. 155. 4
C. Crus-galli, var. pyracanthifolia. Regel, Rey. Crat. 109, in part.

Mespilus berberifolia. Wenzig, Linnea, 38. 125.
C. coccinea. Linn. Spec. 476. Walter, 147. Ait. Hort. Kew. 2.167. Willd.
Spec. 2. 1000, excel. syn. Michx. FI. 1. 288. Persoon, 2. 86. Pursh, 337. Schrank,

tep. 408. DC. Prodr. 2. 627. Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am. 1. 201; Bot. Mag. t. 3432,

Curtis, Bot. N. Car. 82. Lesqx. Fl. Ark. 359. Chapman, 127. Pl. Bourgeau, 256,
Mespilus coccinea. Marsh. Arbust. 87. Moench, Meth. 684. Poir. in Lam.

Syst. 2. 507. Spach, Hist. Veg. 2. 64.
Mespilus rotundifolia. Ehrhart, Beitr. 8. 20. Wendl. 1. c. 700. Watson, Dendr.

Pyrus glandulosa. Moench, Meth. 680. ;
C. glandulosa. Willd. Spee. 2. 1002, excl. syn. Pursh, 337, in part. Torrey,

Mespilus glandulosa. Willd. Enum. 525. Spreng. Syst. 2.507. Spach, Hist.
Veg. 2. 62. Koch, Dendr. 1. 145.

Mespilus pubescens. Wendl. in Regensb. Flora, 1823, 700.

C. Crus-galli. Bigel. Fl. Bost. 2 ed. 194.

Mespilus Wendlandii. Opiz, Regensb. Flora, 1854, 590.

C. macracantha. Wodd.; Loud. Arb. 2. 819, t.125 & f. 572, 573.

C. glandulosa, var. macracantha. Lindl. Bot. Reg. 22, t. 1912.

Mespilus flabellata. Spach, Hist. Veg. 2. 63. Koch, Dendr. 1. 148.

Halmia flabellata & Anthomeles rotundifolia. Roem. Syn. Monog. 5. 136 & 140.
Pheenopyrum coccineum & Wendlandii. Roem. 1. c. 3. 156.

Var. viridis. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1.465. Torrey, Nicol. Rep. 149; Pac. R. Rep

C. viridis. Linn. Spee. 476. Willd. Spec. 2.1001. Persoon, 2. 36. Elio
. 551. DC. Prodr. 2. 630. Don, Mill. 2.601. Eat. & Wr. 212. Wood, Cl.-Bookj
2

Pheenopyrum viride. Roem. Syn. Monog. 3. 156.

Mespilus viridis. WKoch, Dendr. 1. 149.

C. glandulosa, var. rotundifolia. Regel, Rey. Crat. 120.
Var. populifolia. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 465.

C. populifolia. Elliott, 1. 553. Eat. & Wr. 212.

Mespilus populifolia. Lam. Dict. 4. 447.

Pheenopyrum populifolium. Roem. Syn. Monog. 5. 156.

C. coccinea, var. typica. Regel, Rev. Crat. 121.

Var. oligandra. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 465.

]

Cratzegus.| ROSACEZ. 277

C. cordata. Ait. Hort. Kew. 2. 168. Willd. Spec. 2. 1000. Persoon, 2. 36.
Elliott, 1.554. Torrey, Fl. U.S. 474. DC. Prodr. 2. 628. Watson, Dendr. Brit.
t.63. Lindl. Bot. Reg. 14,t.1151. Hook. Fl. Bor-Am. 1. 201. Don, Mill.
2.599. Beck, Bot. 112. Darling. Fl. Cestr. 293. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1.467. at.
& Wr. 211. Dietr. 3.160. Loud. Arb. 2. 825,t.137. Richard. Arct. Exped. 427.
Curtis, Bot. N. Car. 82. Chapman, 127. Gray, Manual, 159. Regel, |. ec. 114.

Mespilus Phaenopyrum. Ehrh.; Linn. f. Suppl. 254. Ehrh. Beitr. 1. 181 & 2. 67.
Moench, Meth. 685. Poir. in Lam. Dict. 4. 446.

C. populifolia. Walter, 147. Pursh, 537.

Mespilus acerifolia. Burgsd.; Lam. Dict. 4. 442. Nouv. Duham, 4. 151. Spach,
Hist. Veg. 2. 65.

Mespilus cordata. Willd. Enum. 1. 523. Spreng. Syst. 2. 507.

Pheenopyrum cordatum & acerifolium. Roem. Syn. Monog. 3. 157.

C. Crus-galli. Linn. Spec. 476. Medicus, Bot. Beob. 2. 544. Walter, 147. Ait.
Hort. Kew. 2.170. Willd. Spec. 2. 1004. Michx. Fl. 1. 288. Persoon, 2. 37.
Pursh, 338. Bigel. Fl. Bost. 194. Elliott, 1.548. Torrey, Fl. U. 8. 476; Fl. N. Y.
7.221. Watson, Dendr. Brit. t. 56. DC. Prodr. 2.626. Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am.
1. 200; Comp. Bot. Mag. 1.25. Don, Mill. 2.598. Beck, Bot. 111. Darling. FI.
Cestr. 290. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 464. Eat. & Wr. 212. Dietr. 3.158. Loud. Arb.
2. 820, t. 126, 127, & £. 574,575. Emerson, Trees of Mass. 433, & 2 ed. 2. 492, t.
Roem. Syn. Monog. 3.117. Curtis, Bot. N. Car. 85. Lesqx. Fl. Ark. 359. Chap-
man, 127. Gray, Manual, 160; Hall’s Pl. Texas, 9. Regel, Rev. Crat. 108.

C. lucida. DuRoi, Obs. Bot. 13. Wangenh. Amer. 53, t. 17, f. 42. Spreng.
pyst. 2.506. DC. Prodr. 2. 629. Don, Mill. 2.599. Eat. & Wr. 212.

Mespilus Crus-galli. Marsh. Arbust. 88, Poir. in Lam. Dict. 4. 441. Nouv. Du-
ham. 4. 149. Willd. Enum. 522.

% Mespilus cuneiformis. Marsh. Arbust. 88.

Mespilus lucida. Ehrh. Beitr. 4.17. Moench, Meth. 685. Spach, Hist. 2. 57.

Mespilus cuneifolia. Moench, Meth. 684.

Mespilus Watsoniana. Spach, Hist. Veg. 2. 57.

C. Watsoniana. Roem. Syn. Monog. 3. 117.

Var. pyracanthifolia. Ait. Hort. Kew. 2.170. DC. Prodr. 2.626. Torr. &
Gray, Fl. 1. 464. Loud. Arb. 2. 820, t. 128, & f. 580. Regel, 1. c. 109, in part.
C. salicifolia. Medicus, Bot. Beob. 2. 845. Roem. Syn. Monog. 3. 117.
C. Crus-galli, var. salicifolia. Ait. 1. ec. DC. Prodr. 2. 626. Loud. Arb. 2. 280,
t. 129, & f. 551-553, 578. Regel, Rev. Crat. 110.,
Mespilus salicifolia. Koch, Dendr. 144.
C. Coursetiana. Roem. Syn. Monog. 3. 117.

Var. ovalifolia. Lindl. Bot. Reg. 22,t.1860. Torr. & Gray, FI. 1. 464. Dietr.
5. 159. Loud. Arb. 2. 821, t. 130 & £579. Regel, Rev. Crat. 109.
Mespilus ovalifolia. Hornem. Hort. Hafn. Suppl. 52.
Mespilus prunellifolia. Poir. Suppl. 4. 72.
C. ovalifolia & prunellifolia. DC. Prodr. 2. 627. Don, Mill. 2. 598. Roem. Syn.
| Monog. 3. 117.
Mespilus elliptica. Guimp. Otto & Hayne, t. 144. Spach, Hist. Veg. 2. 68.
Var. linearis. DC. Prodr. 2. 626. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1.464. Dietr. 3. 159.
Loud. Arb. 2. 821, f. 577. Regel, Rev. Crat. 110.
Mespilus lucida, var. angustifolia. Ehrh. Beitr. 4. 18.
C. linearis. Persoon, 2. 37. Roem. Syn. Monog. 3. 118.
Mespilus linearis. Desf. Arb. 2. 156. Poir. Suppl. 4. 70. Spach, Hist. 2. 57.

278 ROSACES. [Crateeg

Var. prunifolia. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1.464. Dietr. 3.159. Loud. Arb. 2. 821)
t.131 & f.576. Regel, Rev. Crat. 110.
Mespilus prunifolia. Marsh. Arbust. 90% Poir. in Lam. Dict. 4. 448. Nouv.
Duham. 4. 150, t. 40. Spreng. Syst. 2. 506.
Mespilus rotundifolia. Ehrh. Beitr. 3. 20.
C. prunifolia. Persoon, 2.87. Bosc.; DC. Prodr. 2. 627. Don, Mill. 2. 598,
Lindl. Bot. Reg. 22, t. 1868. Eat. & Wr. 212. Roem. Syn. Monog. 3. 118.
Mespilus Bosciana. Spach, Hist. Veg. 2. 58.
C. Bosciana. Roem. Syn. Monog. 3. 119.

C. Dougiasii. Lindl. Bot. Reg. 21,t.1810. Loud. Arb. 3. 823, t. 134, & f. 584,
Brew. & Wats. Bot. Calif. 1. 189. '
2 C. glandulosa. Pursh, 337, in part.
C. punctata, var. brevispina. Dougl.; Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am. 1. 201. Loud. 1. ¢.
C. sanguinea, var. Douglasii. ‘Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 464. Walp. Rep. 2. 58,
Dietr. 3. 160. Nutt. Sylva, 2. 6, t.44. - Coulter, Hayd. Rep. 1872, 765. Torrey,
Bot. Wilkes, 292. Regel, Rev. Crat. 116.
Anthomelés Douglasii. Roem. Syn. Monog. 3. 140.
C. sanguinea. Cooper, Am. Naturalist, 3. 407.

C. flava. Ait. Hort. Kew. 2.169. Willd. Spec. 2. 1002. Persoon, 2. 37. Pursh,
308. DC. Prodr. 2. 628. Watson, Dendr. Brit. t.59. Don, Mill. 2. 600. Lindl.
Bot. Reg. 25, t.1939. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1.468. Eat. & Wr. 211. Dietr. 3. 160;
Loud. Arb. 2. 823, t. 135, & f£.585. Curtis, Bot. N. Car. 83. . Lesqx. Fl. Ark. 359.
Chapman, 128. Gray, Manual, 160. Regel, Rev. Crat. 122. d
C. glandulosa. Ait. 1. c. 168. Persoon, 2. 87. oir. Suppl. 4. 69, in part.
Mespilus Caroliniana. Poir. in Lam. Dict, 4. 442. Elliott, 1. 554. Spreng. Syst.
2. 507.
C. Caroliniana. Persoon, 2. 36. Elliott, 1. 554. Eat. & Wr. 212. ;
Mespilus flava. Willd. Enum. 525. Poir. Suppl. 4. 70. Watson, Dendr. Brit.
t. 59. Spach, Hist. Veg. 2. 59.
C. turbinata. Pursh, 725. Poir. Suppl. 5. 548. Elliott, 1. 549. DC. Prodr
2. 627. Don, Mill. 2. 599. Wat. & Wr. 212.
Mespilus turbinata. Spreng. Syst. 2. 506. Spach, Hist. Veg. 2. 66.
C. flava, var. lobata. Lindl. Bot. Reg. t. 1932.
C. lobata. Bose.; DC. Prodr. 2. 628. Don, Mill. 2.599. Loud. Arb. 2. 824)
f. 554, 586. )
Pheenopyrum Carolinianum. Roem. Syn. Monog. 3. 152.
Anthomeles flava, glandulosa & turbinata. Roem. 1. c. 3. 141.
Mespilus flexispina. Koch, Dendr, 1. 139.

Var. pubescens. Gray, Manual, 160.

Mespilus hiemalis. Walter, 148. Lam. Dict. 4. 447.

C. viridis. Walter, 147. Elliott, 1. 551.

C. elliptica. Ait. Hort. Kew. 2. 168. Willd. Spec. 2. 1002. Persoon, 2. 37%
Pursh, 337. Torrey, Fl. U.S. 475. DC. Prodr. 2. 627. Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am. 1. 201.
Don, Mill. 2.598. Beck, Bot. 33. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1.469. Hat. & Wr. 211
Dietr. 3. 159. Regel, Rev. Crat. 122. é

Mespilus elliptica. Lam.1.c. Wenzig, Linnea, 38. 125. Koch, Dendr. 1. 140. —

C. glandulosa. Michx. Fl. 1. 288. Chapman, 128.

C. Michauxti. Persoon, 2. 38.

C. spathulata. Pursh, 336. DC. Prodr. 2. 627. Lindl. Bot. Reg. 22, t. 1890,
& 25, under t. 1957.

bo
-1
©O

Cratzegus.] ROSACEZ.

Mespilus Michauxii. Hornem. Hort. Hafn. 455. Poir. Suppl. 4. 69.
C. flavu. Elliott, 1. 551.

C. Virginica. Lodd.; Loud. Arb. 2. 842, f. 560, 615.

Pheenopyrum ellipticum & Virginicum. Roem. Syn. Monog. 8. 155.

C. Oxyacantua, Linn. Beck, Bot. 112. Darling. Fl. Cestr. 294. Torr. & Gray,
Fl. 1.463. Eat. & Wr. 212. Torrey, Fl. N. Y. 1.221. Gray, Manual, 159.
C. parvifolia. Ait. Hort. Kew. 2.169. Willd. Arb. 85; Spec. 2. 1002. Pursh,
338. Elliott, 1.547. Torrey, Fl. U. 8. 475. DC. Prodr. 2. 627. Don, Mill. 2. 598.
Beck, Bot. 111. Hook. Comp. Bot. Mag. 1.25. Darling. Fl. Cestr. 291. Torr. &
Gray, Fl. 1.469. Eat. & Wr. 211. Dietr. 3.159. Loud. Arb. 2. 841, f. 557-559,
614-616. Curtis, Bot. N. Car. 84. Chapman, 128. Gray, Manual, 160.

C. uniflora. Muench. Hausy. 5. 147. DuRoi, Harbk. 184.

Mespilus flexispina. Moench, Hort. Weiss. 62, t.4; Meth. 685. Wenzig, Lin-
nea, 38. 127.

Mespilus xanthocarpa. Ehrh.; Linn. f. Suppl. 254. | Ehrh. Beitr. 1. 182 & 2. 67.
Poir. Suppl. 4. 67. Spreng. Syst. 2. 506.

Mespilus Oxyacantha aurea. Marsh. Arbust. 89.

Mespilus laciniata. Walter, 147. Lam. Dict. 4. 447.

C. tomentosa. Michx. Fl. 1. 289. Regel, Rev. Crat. 122, mostly.

Mespilus parvifolia. Willd. Enum. 523. Spach, Hist. Veg. 2. 55.

Mespilus axillaris. Persoon, 2. 39.

2 ©. unilateralis. Persoon, 2. 37. DC. Prodr. 2. 629. Don, Mill. 2. 598. Roem.
Syn. Monog. 3. 116.

Mespilus tomentosa. Poir. in Nouy. Duham. 4. 155.

Mespilus unilateralis. Poir. Suppl. 4. 73.

Mespilus flexuosa. Poir. Suppl. 4.73. DC. Prodr. 2. 627. Don, Mill. 2. 598.

Anthomeles flexispina. Roem. Syn. Monog. 3. 142.

Pheenopyrum uniflorum & parvifolium. Roem. Syn. Monog. 3. 152 & 153.

Mespilus uniflora. Wenzig, Linnea, 58. 125.
C. Pyracanrua, Pers. Gray, Manual, 159.

C. rivularis. Nutt.; Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 464. Dietr. 3.161. Walp. Rep. 2. 58.
Nutt. Sylva, 2.9. Cooper, Am. Naturalist, 5.407. Regel, Rev. Crat. 107. Wat-
son, King’s Rep. 5.922 Porter, Hayd. Rep. 1871, 4822 Coulter, same, 1872, 765 ?
Brandegee, Fl. S. W. Colorado, 236% Brew. & Wats. Bot. Calif. 1. 189.

C. 2 Durand, Fl. Utah, 164.
C. spathulata. Michx. Fl. 1. 288. Persoon, 2.57. Barton, Comp. Fl. Philad.
1.226. Elliott, 1.552. Lodd. Bot. Cab. t. 1261. Don, Mill. 2. 599. Hook.
Comp. Bot. Mag. 1. 25. Gray, in Lindl. Bot. Reg. under t. 1957; Manual, 159 ;
Hall’s Pl. Texas,9. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1.467. Eat. & Wr. 212. Dietr. 3. 160.
Loud. Arb. 2. 825, t. 188 & f 591. Curtis, Bot. N. Car. 83. Chapman, 126.
Ridgway, Am. Naturalist, 6. 728.

Mespilus Azarolus. Marsh. Arbust. 89.

Mespilus spathulata. Poir. Suppl. 4. 68. Spreng. Syst. 2. 507. Spach, Hist. Veg.
2.66. Koch, Dendr. 1. 137.

C. microcarpa. Lindl. Bot. Reg. 22, t. 1846.

Q OFF

Pheenopyrum spathulatum. Roem. Syn. Monog. 3. 355.

C. subvillosa. Schrader, Ind. Sem. h. Gett. Torrey, Pac. R. Rep. 4. 85.

C. coccinea, var. (4) mollis. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1.465. Gray, Pl. Lindh. 186.
Parry, Pl. Minn. 612. Regel, Rev. Crat. 121.

Pheenopyrum subvillosum. Roem. Syn. Monog. 3. 154.

280 ROSACEA. [Cratzegus.
/

C. mollis. Scheele, Linnea, 21. 569. Walp. Ann. 2. 523.

C. sanguinea, var. villosa. Rupr. & Maxim. Prim. Fl. Amur. 101.

C. Texana. Buckley, Proc. Acad. Philad. 1861, 454; fide Gray, same, 1862, 163.
Young, Fl. Texas, 258. 7

C. tomentosa, var. mollis. Gray, Manual, 160.

Mespilus tiliefolia. Koch, Dendr. 1. 151.
C. tomentosa. Linn. Spec. 476, excl. syn. Gronoy. DuRoi, Harbk. 1. 183. Torr.
. & Gray, Fl. 1.466. Dietr. 3.160. Torrey, Fl. N. Y. 1. 222. Emerson, Trees of
» Mass. 1. 485 & 2 ed. 2.494, t. Parry, Pl. Minn. 612. Engelm. Pl. Upp. Miss. Igl.
Lesqx. Fl. Ark. 359. Curtis, Bot. N. Car. 83. Chapman, 127. Pl. Bourgeau, 2 56.
Gray, Manual, 160.

C. leucophos. Moench, Hort. Weiss. 31, t. 2. Regel, Rev. Crat. 106.

Mespilus Calpodendron. Ehrh. Beitr. 2. 67.

Mespilus latifolia. Poir. in Lam. Dict. 4. 444; Nouv. Duham. 4. 150. Spach,
Hist. Veg. 2. 60.

C. latifolia. Persoon, 2. 36. Don, Mill. 2. 598. Eat. & Wr. 212. Roem. 1. ec. 119.

Mespilus lobata. Poir. Suppl. 4. 71.

Mespilus odorata & pruinosa. Wendl. in Regensb. Flora, 1823, 700.

C. lobata. Bose.; DC. Prodr. 2. 628.

C. flava. Hook. FI. 1. 202, excl. syn.? Darling. Fl. Cestr. 292.

Halmia tomentosa & lobata & Pheenopyrum pruinosum. Roem. 1. c. 3.135 & 155.

Var. pyrifolia. Gray, Manual, 160.

C. pyrifolia. Ait. Hort. Kew. 2.168. Willd. Spec. 2. 1001. Persoon, 2. 36.
Nouv. Duham. 4. 131. Poir. Suppl. 1. 292. Pursh, 337. Elliott, 1.550. Torrey, ~
Fl. U.S. 475. DC. Prodr. 2. 627. Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am. 1. 201. Don, Mill. 2. 599.
Lindl. Bot. Reg. 22, t.1877. Hat. & Wr.211. Loud. Arb. 2. 819, t. 124 & f£. 571.

Mespilus pyrifolia. Willd. Enum. 523. Spreng. Syst. 2. 507. Spach, 1. ¢. ;

Var. punctata. Gray, Manual, 2 ed. 124. Chapman, 127. Porter, Hayd. Rep.
1871, 481 2

C. punctata. Jacq. Hort. Vindob. 1. 10, t.28. Ait. Hort. Kew. 2. 169. Willd.
Spec. 2. 1004. Michx. Fl. 1.289. Persoon, 1.37. Pursh, 388. Elliott, 1. 548.
Torrey, Fl. U.S. 476; Fl. N. Y..1. 222. DC. Prodr. 2.627. Hook. Fl. Bor-Amig
1. 201, excl. var.; Comp. Bot. Mag. 1.25. Don, Mill. 2.598. Beck, Bot. 111
Darling. Fl. Cestr. 291. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 466. Eat. & Wr. 211. Dietr. 3. 159,
Loud. Arb. 2. 818, t.123, & f 569,5'70. Emerson, Trees of Mass. 455 & 2 ed.
2.495. Gray, Manual, 1 ed. 128. Engelm. Pl. Upp. Miss. 191. Richard. Arct.
Exped. 427. lLesqx. Fl. Ark. 359. Wood, Bot. & Fl. 111.

Mespilus cornifolia. Muench. Hausy. 5. 145. Poir. in Lam. Dict. 4. 444. Koch,
Dendr. 1. 154.

C. Crus-galli.. Wangenh. Amer. 52. DuRoi, Harbk. 1. 195.

Mespilus cunetfolia. Ehrh. Beitr. 8.21. Spreng. Syst. 2. 506. Spach, 1. e.

Mespilus punctata. Nouv. Duham. 4. 152. Willd. Enum. 524. Poir. Suppl.
4.70. Watson, Dendr. Brit. t. 57. Spach, 1. c. 61. Wenzig, Linnea, 38. 128.

Mespilus pyrifolia. Desf. Hist. Arb. 2. 155.

C. latifolia. DC. Prodr. 2. 627.

4 C. flexuosa. Schweinitz, Long’s Exped. 2, Appx. 112.

C. cuneifolia & obovatifolia. Roem. Syn. Monog. 8. 118 & 120,

Halmia punctata & cornifolia. Roem. 1. e. 3. 134.

C. tomentosa, var. plicata. Wood, Cl.-Book, 330.

Cratzegus. Dryas.] ROSACEZ. 281

C. arbutifolia ; Heteromeles arbutifolia. C. ovalifolia ; Crus-galli.
Bosciana ; Crus-galli. Oxyacantha ; apiifolia.
Caroliniana ; flava. populifolia ; coccinea, cordata.
coccinea ; subvillosa. prunijolia ; Crus-galli.
Coursetiana ; Crus-galli. punctata ; Douglasii, tomentosa.
Crus-galli; arborescens, coccinea, pyrifolia ; tomentosa, Pyrus arbuti-

tomentosa. folia.
cunerfolia ; tomentosa. racemosa ; Amelanchier Canadensis.
elliptica ; estivalis, flava. salicifolia ; Crus-galli.
flava & flexuosa ; tomentosa. sanguinea ; Douglasii, subyillosa.
glandulosa; coccinea, Douglasii, serrulata ; Pyrus arbutifolia.
flava. spathulata ; flava.

latifolia & leucopheeos; tomentosa. spicata ; Amelanchier Canadensis.
linearis ; Crus-galli. Texana ; subvillosa.
lobata ; flava, tomentosa. tomentosa; parvifolia, subvillosa,
lucida ; estivalis, Crus-galli. Amelanchier Canadensis.
macracantha ; coccinea. turbinata ; flava.
Michaucxii ; flava. uniflora & unilateralis ; parvifolia.
microcarpa ; spathulata. Virginica ; flava.
mollis ; subvillosa. viridis ; coccinea, flava.
obovatifolia ; tomentosa. Watsoniana ; Crus-galli.

opaca ; xstivalis. ? rivularis.

DRYAS octopetala. Linn. Spec. 501. See syn. in Ledeb. Fl. Ross. 2. 20;
Middend. Fl. Taimyr. 47; Regel. & Tiling, Fl. Ajan, 81; Pritzel, Icon. Bot. 83. —
Pursh, 350. Schrank, Pfl. Lab. 28. James, Cat. 182. DC. Prodr. 2.549. Tor-
rey, Ann.|Lyc. N. Y.2.195. Hook. Fl. Bor.-.Am. 1.174. Meyer, Pl. Lab. 77.
Spach, Hist. Veg. 1.477. Hook. & Arn. Bot. Beechey, 128. Torr. & Gray, FI.
1. 420. Eat. & Wr. 230. Babington, Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. 10, 181, t.7. Seem.
Bot. Herald, 29. Durand, Journ. Acad. Philad. 1856, 189 (Kane’s Exped. 2. 452) ;
Proc. Acad. Philad. 1863, 94. Hook. f. Journ. Linn. Soc. 1. 116 & 124; Aret. Pl.
289 & 525. Dickie, Journ. Linn. Soc. 3.111. Regel, Gart. Fl. 9, t. 286. Gray,
Am. Journ. Sci. 2. 35. 411; Proc. Acad. Philad. 1863, 61. Rothr. Fl. Alask. 445 ;
Pl. Wheeler, 37. Watson, King’s Rep. 5. 84. Coulter, Hayd. Rep. 1872, 765. Por-
ter, Fl. Col. 34.
D. chamedrifolia. Persoon, 2. 57.

Var. integrifolia. Cham. & Schlecht. in Linnea, 2.3. Hook. f. in Journ. Linn.
Soc. 5.83. Dickie, same, 11. 33.

D. integrifolia. Vahl, Act. Hafn. 4.177; Fl. Dan. t.1216. Persoon, 2. 57.
R. Brown, Ross Voy. 142; Parry’s 1st Voy. 276 (Regensb. Flora, 1824, Beil. 85).
Greville, Mem. Soc. Wern. 3. 429. Goldie, Edinb. Phil. Journ. 6. 329. Torrey, FI.
U.S. 492. Spreng. Syst. 2.527. DC. Prodr. 2. 549. Hook. Exot. Fl. t. 220; FI.
Bor-Am. 1.174. Don, Mill. 2. 525. Beck, Bot. 100. Schlecht. Fl. Lab. in Lin-
nea, 10.98. Hook. & Arn. Bot. Beechey, 123. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1.420. Bigelow,
Fl. Bost. 3 ed. 219. Eat. & Wr. 230. Dietr. 3.193. Ledeb. Fl. Ross. 2.20. Seem.
Bot. Herald, 29, 52 & 55. Durand, Journ. Acad. Philad. 1856, 190 (Kane’s Exped.
2.453); Proc. Acad. Philad. 1863, 94. Lange, Pl. Groenl. 134. Hook. f. Journ.
Linn. Soe. 1. 116, 121 & 124. Dickie, same, 3. 111. Gray, Manual, 151.

D. tenella, Pursh, 350. Poir. Suppl. 5. 661. Don, Mill. 525.

Var. Drummondii.
D. chamedrifolia. Richard. Frankl. Journ. 12.

982, ROSACEA. [Dryas. Fragaria,

D. Drummondii. Took. Bot. Mag. t. 2972; Fl. Bor.-Am. 1.174. Don, Mill.
2.525. Spach, Hist. Veg. 1.478. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1.420. Eat. & Wr. 2380,
Dietr. 3.193. Walp. Rep. 2.49. Ledeb. Fl. Ross. 2.20. Hook. f. Arct. Pl. 289,
Pl. Bourgeau, 256. Macoun & Gibson, Trans. Bot. Soe. Edinb. 12. 522.
FALLUGIA paradoxa. Endlicher, Gen. Pl. 1246. Torrey, Emory’s Rep. 140,
t. 2; Sitgr. Rep. 159; Pac. R. Rep. 4. 4 & 84; Mex. Bound. 64. Engelm. in Wisliz.
Rep. 6. Gray, Pl. Fendl. 41; Pl. Wright. 1.68 & 2.55. Torr. & Gray, Pac. R:
Rep. 2. 164. Porter, Fl. Col. 85. Rothr. Pl. Wheeler, 37. Brew. & Wats. Bot. ;
Calif. 12 17: ;

Sieversia paradoxa. D.Don, Trans. Linn. Soc. 14. 575, t. 22, f.'7-10. Spreng.
Syst. 4, Appx. 199. Don, Mill. 2. 528, f.'70. Dietr. 3,193. Nutt. Pl. Gamb. in
Journ. Acad. Philad. 1. 181.

Geum (*) cercocarpoides. Mog. & Sesse, Icon. Fl. Mex. ined. t.296. DC. Prodr.
2.554. Fisch. & Mey. Ind. Sem. Petrop. 11, Suppl. 54.

I’, Mexicana. Walp. Rep. 2. 46.

FRAGARIA Californica. Cham. & Schlecht. in Linnea, 2. 30. Hook. & Arn.
Bot. Beechey, 140. Brew. & Wats. Bot. Calif. 1. 177.

FF. vesca, var. y. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 448, in part.

F’. vesca. Benth. Pl. Hartw. 309. Seem. Bot. Herald, 282.

F. lucida. Vilmorin; Gay, Ann. Sci. Nat. 4.8. 201. Gard. Chronicle, 1858,
877. Decaisne, Jard. Fruit. Mus. Frag. 51, t. ;
F. Chilensis. Duchesne, Lam. Dict. 2. 537. Ehrhart, Beitr. 7.24. Willd. Spee.
2.1091. Seringe, DC. Prodr. 2. 571. Cham. & Schlecht. in Linnea, 2.20. Hook.
Fl. Bor-Am. 1.185. Don, Mill. 2. 545. Hook. & Arn. Bot. Beechey, 140. Torr.
& Gray, Fl. 1. 448. Eat. & Wr. 246. Dietr. 3.177. Benth. Bot. Sulph. 14. Gay,¥
Fl. Chil. 2. 305. Torrey, Pac. R. Rep. 4.85; Mex. Bound. 64; Bot. Wilkes, 290.
Newberry, Pac. R. Rep. 6. 73. J. Gay, Ann. Sci. Nat. 4. 8. 200. Cooper, same,
12. 23 & 60. Boland. Cat. 11. Decaisne, 1. c. 52, t. Brew. & Wats. Bot. Calif.
ealiiide

F. vesca, var. Chiloensis. inn. Spec. 495.

Var. Scouleri. Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am. 1. 185.
F.. Chilensis, var. B., and y. in part. Torr. & Gray, FI. 1. 448.
F. Californica. Newberry, Pac. R. Rep. 6. 73.
F. Inpica, Andr. Gray, Manual, 156.
Potentilla Durandii. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 444. Dietr. 8. 181. Walp. Rep.”
2. 34.

F. vesca. Linn. Spec. 494, excl. var. See J. Gay, Ann. Sci. Nat. 4. 8. 196. —§
Raf. Med. Bot. 1. 189, f. 38. Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am. 1. 184. Don, Mill. 2. 542. Beek,
Bot. 105. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 448. Torrey, Fl. N. Y. 1. 212; Pac. R. Rep. 4. 855
Mex. Bound. 64; Bot. Wilkes, 290. Gray, Pl. Fendl. 42; Pac. R. Rep. 12. 4335
Manual, 156. Engelm. Pl. Upp. Miss. 191. Seem. Bot. Herald, 282. Vilmorin,
Jard. Fruit. Mus. 1, t. Cooper, Pac. R. Rep. 12. 60. Hook. f. Arct. Pl. 290 & 526.
Boland. Cat. 11. Watson, King’s Rep. 5. 85. Brown, Torr. Bot. Bull. 2. 30.
Coulter, Hayd. Rep. 1872, 765. Porter, Fl. Col. 35. Decaisne, Jard. Fruit. Mus.
Frag. 27, t., Brew. & Wats. Bot. Calif. 1. 177.

F. Virginiana. Duchesne, Lam. Dict. 2.539. Ehrh. Beitr. 7.24. Willd. Spec.
2.1091. Persoon, 2. 53. Ait. f. Hort. Kew. 3.272. Pursh, 357. Bigelow, Fl.

Bost. 202. Elliott, 1.575. Torrey, Fl. U. S. 500; Fl. N. Y. 1.211; Nicol. Rep.
149; Emory’s Rep. 408. Spreng. Syst. 2. 533. Seringe, DC. Prodr. 2. 570. Hook.
Fl. Bor.-Am. 1. 184; Comp. Bot. Mag. 1. 35; Lond. Journ. Bot. 6. 219. Don, Mill. —

-
os

Fragaria. Geum.|] ROSACEZ. 983

2. 545. Beck, Bot. 105. Spach, Hist. Veg. 1. 466. Darling. Fl. Cestr. 304. Torr.
& Gray, Fl. 1.448. Eat. & Wr. 246. Dietr. 5.177. Gray, Pl. Fendl. 42; Manual,
155. Parry, Pl. Minn. 612. Engelm. Pl. Upp. Miss. 191. Seem. Bot. Herald, 52.
Vilmorin, Jard. Fruit. Mus. Frag. 3, t. Cooper, Pac. R. Rep. 12. 59. J. Gay,
Ann. Sci. Nat. 4. 8. 201. Chapman, 124. Pl. Bourgeau, 256 & 262. Anderson, Cat.
| Pl. Ney. 120. Coulter, Hayd. Rep. 1872, 765. Rothr. Pl. Wheeler, 37. Decaisne,
I. c. 43, t. Brew. & Wats. Bot. Calif. 1. 177.

F. vesca. Walter, 150.

2 F. Caroliniana. Duchesne, Lam. Dict. 2. 539.

LF, vesca, var. Virginiana. Ait. Hort. Kew. 2. 211.

FE. Canadensis. Michx. Fl. 1.299. Elliott, 1.575. Richard. Frankl. Journ.
11. Spreng. Syst. 2. 533. Seringe, DC. Prodr. 2.571. Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am. 1. 185.
Don, Mill. 2. 546. Beck, Bot. 105. Eat. & Wr. 246. Presl, Epimel. Bot. 108.

Var. Illinoensis. Gray, Manual, 155. Porter, Fl. Col. 35. Brew. & Wats. Bot.
Calin, 1, 77.

2 F. elatior. Eaton, Manual, 1818, 249. Nees, Pl. Neuwied, 8.

F’, Tilinoensis & Towensis. Prince.

F. Grayana. Vilmorin; J. Gay, Ann. Sci. Nat. 4. 8. 202. Decaisne, 1. ¢. 47, t.

Var. glauca. Watson, King’s Rep. 5.85; Pl. Wheeler, 8.

GHUM album. Gmel. Syst. 2.861. Willd. Enum. 1.556. Pursh, 351. Poir.
! Suppl. 5. 574. Elliott, 1.572. James, Long’s Exped. 1.317. Torrey, Fl. U. S.
} 493. Bigel. Fl. Bost. 2 ed. 207. Tratt. Ros. Monog. 3.117. Spreng. Syst. 2. 542.
Seringe, DC. Prodr. 2. 550. Don, Mill. 2.526. Beck, Bot. 101. Hook. Comp. Bot.
Mag. 1. 24. Fisch. & Meyer, Ind. Sem. Petrop. 5. 54 (Litt.-Ber. zu Linnea, 12. 93).
Eat. & Wr. 254. Meyer, Ind. Sem. Petrop. 11.30. Engelm. Pl. Upp. Miss. rgo.
Chapman, 125. Gray, Manual, 152; Am. Journ. Sci. 3. 3. 306. Scheutz, Prod.
Monog. Georum in Acta Soc. Upsal. 3. 7. 23.

G. Canadense. Jacq. Hort. Vind. 2. 82, t. 175, fot Murr.

G. Carolinianum. Walter, 150. Seringe, DC. Prodr. 2. 554.

Caryophyllata alba. Moench, Meth. 660.

G. Virgintanum. Murr. Comm. Geett. 5. 30, t.3. Hook. FI. Bor.-Am. 1.
Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1.421. Eat. & Wr. 254. Dietr. 3.491. Torrey, Fl. N. Y. 1.
Gray, Manual, 1 ed. 120, in part. Wood, Cl.-Book, 338, in part.

Sieversia Caroliniana. Don, Mill. 2. 528.

% G. agrimonoides. Meyer, Ind. Sem. Petrop. 11. 28, not Pursh. Scheutz, Mo-
nog. 32; fide Gray, Am. Journ. Sci. 3. 3. 307.

G. urbanum. Gray, Manual, 4 ed. xcii.

G. anemonoides. Willd. Spec. 2.1117. See syn. in Ledeb. FI. Ross. 2. 24 (under
Sieversia); Regel & Tiling, Fl. Ajan. 82; Scheutz, Monog. 54.— Persoon, 2. 57.
Pursh, 352. Tratt. Ros. Monog. 3. 1388. Seringe, DC. Prodr. 2.553. Torr. & Gray,
Fl. 1. 425. Engelm. Pl. Upp. Miss. 190 2

Sieversia anemonoides. Willd. in Berl. Mag. 8. 898. Spreng. Syst. 2. 543. Hook.
H.1.176. Eat. & Wr 426.

G. calthifolium. Menzies; Smith in Rees Cyc. 5. 16. Seringe, DC. Prodr.
2. 552. Don, Mill. 2.527. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1.425. Walp. Rep. 2.48. Rothr.
Fl. Alask. 445. Scheutz, Monog. 58.

G. radiatum. Pursh, 352, not Michx.

Sieversia dilatata. R. Br. in Parry’s 1st Voy. 276.

Sieversia radiata. Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am. 1. 177, not Br. Don, Mill. 2. 528.

Steversia calthifolia. D. Don.; Dietr. 3. 198. Meyer, Ind. Sem. Petrop. 11. 54.

Noe
on
bo OV

284 ROSACEZ. [Geum. }

Var. rotundifolium. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 425. Walp. Rep. 2. 48.

G. rotundifolium. Langsd.; Fisch. in Mem. Soc. Mose. 2. 187, t.11,£17. Se-
ringe, DC. Prodr. 2. 552. Tratt. Ros. Monog. 3. 131. Considered distinct by
Scheutz, Monog. 57, including the following variety.

Sieversia rotundifolia. Cham. & Schlecht. in Linnea, 2.4. Bongard, Veg. Sitch.
132. Ledeb. Fl. Ross. 2. 24.

Var. congestum. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 425. Walp. l.c.

Sieversia congesta. R. Br. in Parry’s Ist Voy. 276.

G. geniculatum. Michx. Fl. 1. 300. Persoon, 2.57. Poir. Suppl. 1. 617. Pursh,
351. Tratt. Ros. Monog. 3.143. Seringe, DC. Prodr. 2. 554. Beck, Bot. 101.
Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1.422. Eat. & Wr. 254. Dietr. 3.192. Gray, Am. Journ. Sci.
1. 42. 35 (Lond. Journ. Bot. 2.119); same, 3. 3. 807. Meyer, Ind. Sem. Petrop.
11.54. Chapman, 128. Scheutz, Monog. 39.

G. Virgintanum. Spreng. Syst. 2. 542.

G. glaciale. Fisch. in Mem. Soc. Mose. 2. 187, t. 11, f. 20. Adams, same, 5. 96.
Seringe, DC. Prodr. 2. 555. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 423. Seem. Bot. Herald, 29.
Rothr. Fl. Alask. 445. Scheutz, Monog. 52.

Sieversia glacialis. R. Br. in Parry’s 1st Voy. 276. Cham. & Schlecht. in Lin-
nea, 2.5. Spreng. Syst. 2.545. Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am. 1.176. Hook. & Arn. Bot.
Beechey, 128. Eat. & Wr. 426. Ledeb. Fl. Ross. 2. 25. Hook. f. Arct. Pl. 289.

G. macrophyllum. Willd. Enum. 1.557. Spreng. Syst. 2. 542. Seringe, DC.
Prodr. 2. 550. Cham. & Schlecht. in Linnea, 2.4. Bongard, Veg. Sitch. 132.
Don, Mill. 2. 525. Fisch. & Meyer, Ind. Sem. Petrop. 3. 35 (Litt-Ber. zu Linnea,
12. 95). Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 421. Ledeb. Fl. Ross. 2. 28. Dietr. 3.191. Meyer,
Ind. Sem. Petrop. 11. 25. Hook. in Lond. Journ. Bot. 6. 218. Gray, Pl. Fendl.
40; Manual, 152; Proc. Am. Acad. 8. 881; Am. Journ. Sci. 5. 3. 306. Presl, Epi-
mel. Bot. 196. Newberry, Pac. R. Rep. 6.71. Cooper, same, 12. 59. othr. Fl.
Alask. 445; Pl. Wheeler, 37. Matthew, Fl. Acad. 15. Watson, King’s Rep. 5. 84;
Pl. Wheeler, 8. Coulter, Hayd. Rep. 1872, 765. Porter, Fl. Col. 35. Torrey, Bot.
Wilkes, 287. Brew. & Wats. Bot. Calif. 1.176. Referred to G. Japonicum by
Scheutz, Monog. 31.
G. strictum, var. B. Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am. 1. 175

G. radiatum. Michx. Fl. 1. 300. Poir. Suppl. 1.617. Pursh, 552. Elliott,
1.573. Seringe, DC. Prodr. 2. 554. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1.424. Eat. & Wr. 254.
Chapman, 123. Gray, Manual, 153. Scheutz, Monog. 55.

Sieversia radiata. R. Br. in Parry’s 1st Voy. 276. Eat. & Wr. 414. Dietr.
3. 193. Meyer, Ind. Sem. Petrop. 11. 54.

Var. Peckii. Gray, Manual, 153.

G. Peckii. Pursh, 352. Poir. Suppl. 5. 574. Nutt. Genera, 1. 309. Bigel. Fl.
Bost. 2 ed. 208. Torrey, Fl. U. S. 494. Spreng. Syst. 2.543. Seringe, DC. Prodr.
2.554. Beck, Bot. 101. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 424. Eat. & Wr. 254. Gray, Manual,
1 ed. 121. Wood, Cl.-Book, 338. Scheutz, Monog. 56.

Sieversia Peckii. R. Br. in Parry’s 1st Voy. 276. Hook. Bot. Mag. t. 2863.
Don, Mill. 2. 528. Dietr. 3. 193. Meyer, Ind. Sem. Petrop. 11. 54.

G. rivale. Linn. Spec. 501. See syn. in Ledeb. Fl. Ross. 2. 23; Pritzel, Icon.
Bot. 493; Scheutz, 1. c. 87. — Willd. Spee. 2. 1115. Michx. FL. 1. 301. Pursh, 351.
Bigel. Fl. Bost. 206. Torrey, Fl. U.S. 493; Fl. N. Y. 1. 203. Spreng. Syst. 2. 542.
Seringe, DC. Prodr. 2. 55t, excl. var. 8. Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am. 1.175. Don, Mill.
2.526. Beck, Bot. 101. Fisch. & Meyer, Ind. Sem. Petrop. 3. 39 (Litt-Ber. zu
Linnea, 12. 98). Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 422. Eat. & Wr. 254. Dietr. 3.191. Meyer,

!

Geum] ROSACEA. 285

Ind. Sem. Petrop. 11. 47. Gray, Pl. Fendl. 41; Am. Journ. Sci. 2. 55. 411; Manual,
152. Engelm. Pl. Upp. Miss. 191. Hook. f. Arct. Pl. 289. Pl. Bourgeau, 256.
Porter, Fl. Col. 35. Rothr. Pl. Wheeler, 37.

G. Rossii. Seringe, DC. Prodr. 2. 553. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1.424. Gray, Am.
Journ. Sci. 2. 38. 411; Proce. Acad. Philad. 1863, 61. Rothr. Fl. Alask. 445. Wat-
son, King’s Rep. 5. 84; Pl. Wheeler, 8. Porter, Hayd. Rep. 1871, 481; FI. Col. 35.
Scheutz, Monog. 59. Rothr. Pl. Wheeler, 37.

Sieversia Rossi. R. Br. in Parry’s 1st Voy. 276, t. C (Regensb. Flora, 72, Beil.
85). Spreng. Syst. 42.199. Cham. & Schlecht. in Linnea, 2.5. Hook. Fl. Bor.-
Am. 1.176. Don, Mill. 2.528. Eat. & Wr. 426. Ledeb. Fl. Ross. 2. 25. Dietr.
8. 193. Hook. f. Journ. Linn. Soc. 1. 124; Arct. Pl. 289.

Potentilla nivalis. Torrey, Ann. Lye. N. Y. 1. 52, t. 3, £2. Spreng. Syst. 42. 198.
Lehmann, Pug. Pl. Nov. 3.27. Don, Mill. 2. 559.

Var. humile. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1.424. Walp. Rep. 2. 48. Porter, Hayd. Rep.
1870, 475. Watson, King’s Rep. 5. 85.
Sieversia humilis. RR. Br. in Parry’s 1st Voy. 276 & 308. Cham. & Schlecht. in
Linnea, 2.6. Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am. 1. 176. Hook. f. Arct. Pl. 525.
G. triflorum. Torrey, Ann. Lye. N. Y. 2. 195.
Sieversia Rossii, var. humilis. Ledeb. Fl. Ross. 2. 25.

G. strictum. Ait. Hort. Kew. 2.217. See syn. in Ledeb. Fl. Ross. 2. 22; Meyer,
Ind. Sem. Petrop. 11. 26; Trautyv. & Meyer, Fl. Ochot. 32; Scheutz, Monog. 28. —
Willd. Spec. 2.1113. Pursh, 351. Bigel. Fl. Bost. 2 ed. 207. Torrey, Fl. U.S.
492; Fl. N. Y. 1. 202; Nicol. Rep. 149. Hook. Fl. Bor-Am. 1. 175, excl. var. B.
Don, Mill. 2. 525. Beck, Bot. 101. Fisch. & Meyer, Ind. Sem. Petrop. 3. 36 (Litt.-
Ber. zu Linnea, 12.95). Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1.421. Eat. & Wr. 254. Dietr. 3. 171.
Parry, Pl. Minn. 611. Engelm. Pl. Upp. Miss. 190. Gray, Pac. R. Rep. 12. 43;
Manual, 152; Am. Journ. Sci. 3. 3. 306. Hook. f. Arct. Pl. 289 & 825. Pl. Bour-
geau, 256. Porter, Hayd. Rep. 1871, 481; Fl. Col. 35. Coulter, same, 1872, 765.

G. Canadense. Murr. Comm. Gett. 5. 34, t.4, not Jacq. Michx. Fl. 1. 300.
Poir. Suppl. 1.616. Seringe, DC. Prodr. 2. 550. Don, Mill. 2. 525. Fisch. &
Meyer, Ind. Sem. Petrop. 5. 35 (Litt.-Ber. zu Linnea, 12. 94). Cham. in Linnea,
6. 589. Lindl. Fl. Med. 226.

G. ranunculoides. Seringe, DC. Prodr. 2. 551.

G. triflorum. Pursh, 736. Poir. Suppl. 5. 574. Bradbury, Cat. 336. Nutt.
Genera, 1. 809. Seringe, DC. Prodr. 2. 553. Lodd. Bot. Cab. t.1609. Torr. &
Gray, FJ. 1.423. Torrey, Fl. N. Y. 1.203; Bot. Wilkes, 287. Parry, Pl. Minn.
611. Engelm. Pl. Upp. Miss. 190. Gray, Pac. R. Rep. 12. 43; Ives’s Rep. 11;
Proc. Acad. Philad. 1863, 61; Manual, 153. Cooper, Pac. R. Rep. 12. 59. Porter,
Hayd. Rep. 1870, 475; 1871, 481; FI. Col. 35. Scheutz, Monog. 53. Watson,
King’s Rep. 5. 84. Coulter, Hayd. Rep. 1872, 765. Rothr. Pl. Wheeler, 37. Brew.
& Wats. Bot. Calif. 1. 176.

G. ciliatum. Pursh, 352. Poir. Suppl. 5. 574. Spreng. Syst. 2. 543. Seringe,
DC. Prodr. 2. 554. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 425. Eat. & Wr. 255.

Sieversia triflora. KR. Br.in Parry’s lst Voy. 276. Richard. in Journ. Frankl.
12. Spreng. Syst. 2.543. Hook. Bot. Mag. t. 2858; Fl. Bor.-Am. 1. 176; Lond.
Journ. Bot. 6. 218. Don, Mill. 2.528. Eat. & Wr. 426. Dietr. 3.193. Nutt. in
Journ. Acad. Philad. 7. 20. Pl. Bourgeau, 276.

G. pubescens. Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am. 1. 175.

Sieversia rosea. Graham, in Edinb. Phil. Journ. 12. 193.

Sieversia ciliata. Don, Mill. 2. 528. Dietr. 3.193. Meyer, 1. c. 11. 54.

G. Grahami. Steud. Nomenclator, 1. 682.

286 ROSACEA. [Geum. Gillenia, —

G. urbanum, Linn., subsp. Oregonense. Scheutz, Monog. 26. Gray, Am. Journ.
Sci. 3. 3. 306.
G. vernum. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 422. Walp. Rep. 2. 47. Dietr. 3.191. Meyer, ©
1. c. 11.23. Benth. & Hook. Gen. Pl. 1.619. Gray, Manual, 152. Scheutz, Mo- ©
nog. 61. Young, Fl. Texas, 254.

Stylipus vernus. Raf. Neog. 1825, 8; Med. Bot. 1. 225. Hook. Comp. Bot. Mag.
1. 24; Icon. t. 286. Riddell, Cat. Pl. Ohio, 5. Short, Suppl. Pl. Kentucky, 599.
Eat. & Wr. 446. \
G. Virginianum. Linn. Spec. 500. Hill, Veg. Syst. 12. 50,t.50,f.2. Ait. —
Hort. Kew. 2. 217. Willd. Spec. 2. 1113. Michx. Fl. 1.301. Pursh, 351. Bigel.
Fl. Bost. 207. Elliott, 1. 572. Tratt. Ros. Monog. 8. 118. Torrey, Fl. U. S. 493;
Ann. Lye. N. Y. 2. 195; Frem. Rep. 89; Emory’s Rep. 139. Raf. Med. Bot. 1. 220,
f.43. Don, Mill. 2.525. Beck, Bot. 101. Fisch. & Meyer, Ind. Sem. Petrop.
3. 33 (Litt.-Ber. zu Linnea, 12. 93). Meyer, Ind. Sem. Petrop. 11.24. Gray, PI.
Fendl. 40; Pac. R. Rep. 12. 43; Manual, 152; Am. Journ. Sci. 3. 3. 306. Parry, Pl.
Minn. 611. Torr. & Gray, Pac. R. Rep. 2.164. Scheutz, Monog. 21. The species”
has been much confused with G. album, q. v.

Caryophyllata Virginiana. Lam. Dict. 1. 399.

2 G. laciniatum. Murr. Nov. Comm. Geett. 5. 30, t. 2.

G. hirsutum. Muhl. Cat. 51. Link, Enum. 2.

G. heterophyllum. Desf.; DC. Prodr. 2. 550.

G. agrimonoides ; album, Potentilla ar- | G. Peckii; radiatum.

guta. pubescens ; triflorum.
Canadense ; album, strictum. radiatum ; calthifolium.
Carolinianum ; album. ranunculoides ; strictum.
cercocarpoides ; Fallugia paradoxa. rotundifolium ; calthifolium.
ciliatum ; triflorum. strictum ; macrophyllum.
dryadoides ; Cowania Mexicana. triflorum ; Rossii.
Grahami ; triflorum. urbanum ; album.
Japonicum ; macrophyllum. Virginianum ; album, geniculatum.

GILLENTIA stipulacea. Nutt. Genera, 1.307. Barton, Veg. Mat. Med. 1. 71,
t.6. Elliott, 1. 562. Torrey, Fl. U. 8. 484; Fl. N. Y.1.201. DC. Prodr. 2. 546.
Raf. Med. Bot. 1. 224, f. 44. Don, Mill. 2.521. Beck, Bot. 100. Spach, Hist.
Veg. 1.448. Lindl. Fl. Med. 229. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1.418. Eat. & Wr. 255.
Dietr. 3. 128. Engelm. Pl. Upp. Miss. 190. Chapman, 122. Gray, Manual, 150.

2 Ulmaria rubra. Hill, Hort. Kew. 214, t. 7.

Spirea stipulata. Muhl.; Willd. Enum. 1. 542. Muhl. ‘Cat. 51. Poir. Suppl.

221. Cambess. Monogr. Spir. in Ann. Sci. Nat. 1. 1. 388, t. 28. Spreng. Syst.
. 504.
Spircea stipulacea. Pursh, 349.

G. trifoliata. Moench, Meth. Suppl. 286. Nutt. Genera, 1. 807. Elliott, 1. 562.
Torrey, Fl. U. S. 488; Fl. N. Y. 1. 200. DC. Prodr. 2. 546. Hook. Fl. Bor-Am.
1.174. Don, Mill. 2.521. Beck, Bot. 100. Spach, Hist. Veg. 1. 448. Lindl.
Fl. Med. 229.° Darling. Fl. Cestr. 300. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1.418. Eat. & Wr. 255.
Dietr. 3.128. Engelm. Pl. Upp. Miss. 190. Chapman, 121. Gray, Manual, 150.
Baillon, Hist. Pl. 1. 888, £442. Buchan, Canad. Naturalist, 14. 293.

Spirea trifoliata. Linn. Spec. 490. Ait. Hort. Kew. 2. 200. Willd. Spee. 2. 1063.
Curtis, Bot. Mag. t.489. Michx. Fl. 1. 294. Poir. Dict. 7. 359. Persoon, 2. 47.

Heteromeles. Horkelia.] ROSACEZ. Q8T

Pursh, 343. Barton, Veg. Mat. Med.1,t.5. Bigelow, Med. Bot. 3. 11, t. 41.
Cambess. 1. c. 387, t. 17, f. 2 (fl. & fr.).

Ulmaria trifoliata, Hill, Hort. Kew. 214.

HETEROMELES arbutifolia. Roemer, Syn. Monog. 3.105. Decaisne, Mem.
Fam. Pom. 144, t.9. Brew. & Wats. Bot. Calif. 1. 188.

Cratcegus arbutifolia. Poir. in Nouv. Duham. 4, 131; Dict. Suppl. 1. 292. Ait. f.
Hort. Kew. 3. 202. Lodd. Bot. Cab. t. 201.

Aronia arbutifolia. Nutt. Genera, 1. 306.

Photinia arbutifolia. Lindl. in Trans. Linn. Soc. 13. i Bot. Reg. t. 491, &
under t. 1956 (Spreng. Neue Hntdecks 3 . 169; Regensb. Fl. 6. 169). Spreng. Syst.
9.508. DC. Prodr. 2.631. Cham. & Schlecht. in Linnea, 2. 542. Don, Mill.
2.602. Spach, Hist. Meee % 80. Hook. & Arn. Bot. Beechey, 159 & 340. ‘Torr,
& Gray, Fl. 1. 473. Dietr. 3. 162. Loud. Arb. 2. 868, f.619. Benth. Bot. Sulph.
14; Pl. Hartw. 307. Te Emory’s Rep. 140; Sitgr. Rep. 159; Pac. R. Rep.
4.85; Mex. Bound. 64; Bot. Wilkes, 291. Wood, Cl.-Book, 329. Boland. Proc.
Calif. Acad. 3. 80; Cat. 11. Maximowicz, Bull. Acad. Petersb. 19. 180 (Melang.
Biolog. 9. 180). Wenzig, Linnea, 58. 96.

Mespilus arbutifolia. Link, Enum. Hort. Berol. 2. 36.

| Photinia salicifolia. Presl, Epimel. Bot. 204. Walp. Ann. 3. 858.

Feteromeles F'remontiana. Decaisne, Mem. Fam. Pom. 144.

_ HORKELIA Bolanderi. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 7. 358. Watson, King’s Rep.
| 5.448. Regel, Trudi Peterb. 1.152. Brew. & Wats. Bot. Calif. 1. 182° The
species of the genus are all referred to Potentilla by Benth. & Hook. in Gen. Pl.
1. 621, & by Baillon, Hist. Pl. 1. 369.

Var. Parryi. Watson, Bot. Calif. 1. 182.

H. Californica. Cham. & Schlecht. in Linnea, 2.26. Don, Mill. 2. 562. Hook.
& Arn. Bot. Beechey, 139. Torr. & Gray, ee 1.434. Walp. Rep. 2.36. Presl,
Epimel. Bot. 198. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 6.529. Watson, King’s Rep. 5. 447.
Regel, Trudi Peterb. 1. 151. Torrey, Bot. Wilkes, 288. Brew. & Wats. Bot.
Calif. 1. 181.

Sibbaldia Californica. Spreng. Syst. 42. 341. Dietr. 2. 1020.

HI. grandis. Wook. & Arn. Bot. Beechey, 339.

H. capitata. 'Torrey, Pac. R. Rep. 4. 84.

Yar. cuneata. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 6. 529.

H. cuneata. Lindl. Bot. Reg. 25, under t. 1997. Hook. & Arn. Bot. Beechey,

38. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1.435. Dietr. 2. 1628. Walp. Rep. 2.36. Benth. Pl.
Hartw. 309. Presl, Epimel. Bot. 198. Torrey, Mex. Bound. 64. Boland. Cat. 10.

Potentilla multijuga. Lehm. Ind. Sem. Hamb. 1849, Add. 6; Pugil. Pl. Nov. 9. 2;
Rev. Potent. 29, t. 7.
Potentilla cuneata. Benth. & Hook. 1. c. Baillon, 1. e.

Var. sericea. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 6. 529. Brew. & Wats. Bot. Calif. 1. 181.

H. capitata. Lindl. Bot. Reg. under t. 1997. Hook. & Arn. Bot. Beechey, 338.
Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1.435. Dietr. 2.1628. Walp. Rep. 2.36. Gray, Proc. Am.
Acad, 6. 529. Watson, King’s Rep. 5. 447. Regel, Trudi Peterb. 1.151. Brew. &
Wats. Bot. Calif. 1. 181.
H. congesta. Dougl.; Hook. Bot. Mag. t. 2880; Fl. Bor-Am. 1. 196. Don, Mill.
2.562. Hook. & Arn. Bot. Beechey, 339. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 434. Eat. & Wr.
273. Walp. Rep. 2. 36. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 6. 529 & 8. 381. Watson, King’s
Rep. 5. 448. Regel, Trudi Peterb. 1.153. Torrey, Bot. Wilkes, 288. Brew. &
Wats. Bot. Calif. 1. 181.

988 ROSACEZE. |[Horkelia. Ivesia.

H. hirsuta. UWindl. Bot. Reg. under t. 1997.
Sibbaldia congesta. Dietr. 2. 1020.
Potentilla congesta. Benth. & Hook.1.c. Baillon, Hist. Pl. 1. 369, f. 421, 422.

H. fusca. Lindl. Bot. Reg. 23, t.1997. Hook. & Arn. Bot. Beechey, 338. Torr. —
& Gray, Fl. 1. 4385. Dietr. 2. 1628. Walp. Rep. 2.56. Presl, Epimel. Bot. 198.
Torrey, Pac. R. Rep. 7.11. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 6. 529. Boland. Cat. 11.
Watson, King’s Rep. 5. 448. Regel, Trudi Peterb. 1.152. Brew. & Wats. Bot.
Calif daSile \
H., parviflora. Nutt.; Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1.455. Dietr. 2. 1628. Walp. Rep. 2. 36.
Gray,. Proc. Am. eat 6. 529. Anderson, Cat. Pl. Nev. 120. Watson, King’s
Rep. 5. 89 & 447. Regel, Trudi Peterb. 1. 151.
HI, cuneata. Newberry, Pac. R. Rep. 6. 73.
HI. capitata. Regel, Gart. Fl. 1872, t. 711.

Var. tenella. Watson, Bot. Calif. 1. 181.

H. purpurascens. Watson, Proc. Am. Acad. 11. 148. Brew. & Wats. Bot.
Calif. 1. 182.
H. tenuiloba. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 6. 529. Boland. Cat. 10. Watson, King’s |
Rep. 5. 448. Regel, Trudi Peterb. 1. 153. Brew. & Wats. Bot. Calif. 1. 182.
H. fusca, var. tenuiloba. ‘Torrey, Pac. R. Rep. 4. 84.
H. congesta. Newberry, Pac. R. Rep. 6. 73.

H. tridentata. Torrey, Pac. R. Rep. 4. 84,t.6. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 6. 528
& 530. Regel, Trudi Peterb. 1. 152. Brew. & Wats. Bot. Calif. 1. 182.
Ivesia tridentata. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 7. 338. Watson, King’s Rep. 5. 448.
H. Tilingii. Regel, Trudi Peterb. 1. 151; Gart. Fl. 1872, t. 711.
IVESIA Baileyi. Watson, King’s Rep. 5. 90 & 449. Brew. & Wats. Bot. Calif.
1. 184.

Var. setosa. Watson, King’s Rep. 5. 90.

I. depauperata. Gray; Brew. & Wats. Bot. Calif. 1. 184.
Potentilla depauperata. Engelm.; Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 7. 399.

I. Gordoni. Torr. & Gray; Newberry, Pac. R. Rep. 6.72. Gray, Proc. Am.
Acad. 7. 53 Anderson, Cat. Pl. Nev. 120. Porter, Hayd. Rep. 1870, 475; 1871,
481. w atson, King’s Rep. 5. 90 & 148. Rothr. Pl. Wheeler, 37. Brew. & Wats.
Bot. Calif. 1. 185.
Horkelia Gordoni. Hook. in Kew Journ. Bot. 5. 341, t.12. Engelm. Pl. Upp.
Miss. t90. Walp. Ann. 4. 664. j
H. (%) multifoliolata. Torrey, Sitgr. Rep. 159 (Regensb. Flora, 58. 861; Bon-
plandia, 5. 95).
Potentilla Gordoni. Benth. & Hook. 1. ¢. Baillon, 1. e.
Var. pygmeza. Watson, Bot. Calif. 1. 183.
I. pygmea. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 6. 530. Anderson, Cat. Pl. Ney. 120. Wat-
son, King’s Rep. 5. 448.
Var. lycopodioides. Watson, Bot. Calif. 1. 183.
I. lycopodioides. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 6. 530. Anderson, Cat. Pl. Nev. 120.
Watson, King’s Rep. 5. 448.
Potentilla lycopodioides. Baillon, Hist. Pl. 1. 371.

I. gracilis. Torr. & Gray; Newberry, Pac. R. Rep. 6.72, t.11. Brew. & Wats. |

Bot. Calif. 1. 184.
Potentilla Newberryi. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 6. 552.
I. Kingii. Watson, King’s Rep. 5. 91 & 448. Brew. & Wats. Bot. Calif. 1. 184.

_ Bee
:

Ivesia. Neillia.] ROSACEA. 989

I. Muirii.. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 8. 627. Brew. & Wats. Bot. Calif. 1. 185.
I. Pickeringii. Torrey, Bot. Wilkes, 288,t.4. Torr. & Gray; Newberry, Pac.
R. Rep. 6. 72. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 6. 531. Watson, King’s Rep. 6. 448.
Brew. & Wats. Bot. Calif. 1. 182.
Potentilla Pickering. Benth. & Hook. 1. e.
I. santolinoides. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 6. 531 & 7.339. Anderson, Cat. Pl.
Ney. 120. Watson, King’s Rep. 5. 448. Brew. & Wats. Bot. Calif. 1. 183.
Potentilla (%) Benth. & Hook. Gen. Pl. 1. 621.
Potentilla santolinoides. Baillon, Hist. Pl. 1. 370.

I. unguiculata. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 7. 339. Watson, King’s Rep. 4. 448.
Brew. & Wats. Bot. Calif. 1. 185.

I. Webberi. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 11. 71. Brew. & Wats. Bot. Calif. 1. 185.
MESPILUS. See under Crategus.

M. acerifolia ; Crategus cordata. M. laciniata ; C. parvifolia.

Amelanchier & arborea; Amelanchier lobata ; C. tomentosa.

Canadensis. lucida ; C. Crus-galli.
arbutifolia ; Pirus arbutifolia. monogyna; C. apiifolia.
axillaris ; Crateegus parvifolia. nivea ; Amelanchier Canadensis.
Azarolus ; C. spathulata. odorata ; Crategus tomentosa.
Calpodendron ; C. tomentosa. Oxyacantha ; C. parvifolia.
Canadensis ; Amelanchier Canaden- Phenopyrum ; C. cordata.

sis, Pirus arbutifolia. populifolia ; C. coccinea.
cornifolia ; C. tomentosa. pruinosa ; C. tomentosa.
cuneifolia ; C. Crus-galli, tomentosa. prunellifolia ; C. Crus-galli. *
euneiformis ; C. Crus-galli. pubescens ; C. coccinea.
elliptica ; C. Crus-galli, flava. punctala & pyrifolia ; C. tomentosa.
Jlabellata ; C. coccinea. rotundifolia ; C. coccinea, Crus-galli.
Jlexispina; C. flava, parvifolia. tiliefolia ; C. subvillosa. —
flexuosa ; C. parvifolia. tomentosa ; C. parvifolia.
glandulosa ; C. coccinea. viridis & Wendlandii; C. coccinea.
hiemalis ; C. flava. xanthocarpa ; C. parvifolia.

NEILLIA opulifolia. Benth. & Hook. Gen. Pl. 1.612. Brew. & Wats. Bot.

Calif. 1. 171.

Spirea opulifolia. Linn. Spec. 489. Marshall, Arbust. 146. Ait. Hort. Kew.
2.198. Schmidt, Arb. t. 32. Moench, Meth. 662. Willd. Arb. 374; Spee. 2. 1059;
Enum. 542. Michx. Fl. 1.293. Poir. Dict. 7. 854. Persoon, 2.46. Pursh, 342.
Elliott, 1.560. James, Long’s Exped. 2. 96 & 344. Cambess. Monog. Spir. 54, t. 17,
ma. Torrey, Fl. U. S. 482; Amn. Lyc. N. Y. 2.194; Fl. N. Y. 1.198; Pac. R.
Rep. 4. 83; Bot. Wilkes, 285. Loisel. in Nouv. Duham. 6. 61, t. 14. Spreng. Syst.
2.502. Seringe, DC. Prodr. 2. 542. Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am. 1.171; Comp. Bot. Mag.

| 1. 24; Lond. Journ. Bot. 6. 217. Don, Mill. 2.517. Beck, Bot. 98. Spach, Hist.

Veg. 1.481. Darling. Fl. Cestr. 298. Hook. & Arn. Bot. Beechey, 338. Torr. &

| Gray, Fl.1. 413. Eat. & Wr. 440. Dietr. 3.124. Loud. Arb. 2. 723, f. 427, 428.

Emerson, Trees of Mass. 426. Presl, Epimel. Bot. 195. Parry, Pl. Minn. 6rr.
Richard. Arct. Exped. 425. Durand, Pl. Pratten. 87. Newberry, Pac. R. Rep.
6.71. Cooper, same, 12. 59. Agardh, Theor. Syst. t.12,f.13. Curtis, Bot. N.
Car. 104. Lesqx. Fl. Ark. 358. Chapman, 120. Bolander, Proc. Calif. Acad.

8.79; Cat. 11. Gray, Manual, 149; Proc. Am. Acad. 8. 381. Porter, Hayd. Rep.

1870, 475; 1871, 481; Fl. Col. 33. Watson, King’s Rep. 5. 80. Coulter, Hayd. Rep.
1872, 764.
19

290 ROSACER. [Neillia. Pirus.

Spirea Caroliniana. Marshall, Arbust. 146.
Physocarpa opulifolia, riparia & tomentosa. Raf. New Flora, 3. 78 & 74.

Var. ferruginea.
Spirea opulifolia, var. ferruginea. Nutt.; Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 414. Chapman,
120. Wood, Cl.-Book, 344.
Var. mollis. Brew. & Wats. Bot. Calif. 1. 171.
Spirceea capitata. Pursh, 342. Poir. Suppl. 5. 222. Cambess. Monog. Spir. 31.
Spreng. Syst. 2. 502. Seringe, DC. Prodr. 2. 542. Don, Mill. 2.518. Spach, Hist. ~
Veg. 1. 4389. Eat. & Wr. 440. Loud. Arb. 2. 723. ; e
S. opulifolia, var. mollis. Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am. 1.171. Hook. & Arn. Bot. Beechey,
3838. Benth. Pl. Hartw. 309. t

NW. Torreyi. Watson, Proc. Am. Acad. 11.136. Brew. & Wats. 1. ec.
Spirea monogyna. Torrey, Ann. Lye. N. Y. 2.194. Don,l.c. Eat. & Wr. 441.
Epicostorus montanus. Raf. Atl. Journ. 1832, 144; New Flora, 3. 74.
Spirea opulifolia, var. pauciflora. Hook. Fl. Bor-Am. 1.171. Torr. & Gray, Fl.

1.414. Gray, Pl. Fendl. 40; Am. Journ. Sci. 2. 33. 411; Proce. Acad. Philad. 1863,

61. Torrey, Stansb. Rep. 387. Engelm. Pl. Upp. Miss. 190. Durand, Fl. Utah,

165. Watson, King’s Rep. 5. 80. Coulter, Hayd. Rep. 1872, 764. Porter, Fl. Col.

39 (as var. parvifolia).

NEVIUSIA Alabamensis. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 4. 99. Chapman, 121. —

Wood, Bot. & Fl. 104. Baillon, Hist. Pl. 1. 393.

NUTTALLIA cerasiformis. Torr. & Gray in Hook. & Arn. Bot. Beechey, 336, —
t.82; Fl. 1.412. Walp. Rep. 5. 659. Benth. Pl. Hartw. 307. Lindl. Journ. Hort.
Soc. 4. 222, fig. Belg. Hort. 8.195, t. 53. Torrey, Pac. R. Rep. 4.83; Mex:
Bound. 63; Bot. Wilkes, 285. Newberry, Pac. R. Rep. 6. 71. Cooper, same,
12. 32 & 59. Boland. in Proce. Calif. Acad. 3.79; Cat. 10. Dickson, Trans. Bot.
Soc. Edinb. 1866, 186 (Bull. Bot. Soc. France, 14, Rev. Bibl. 118). Gray, Proce.
Am. Acad. 8. 381. Brew. & Wats. Bot. Calif. 1. 168.

PERAPHYLLUM ramosissimum. Nutt.; Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1.474. Dietr. —
3.158. Walp. Rep. 5. 660. Wenzig, Linnea, 38. 115. Brandegee, Fl. 8. W.
Col. 236. Referred to Amelanchier by Benth. & Hook. in Gen. PI. 1. 628.

PIRUS Americana. DC. Prodr. 2. 637. Watson, Dendr. Brit. t.54. Spreng
Syst. 2. 511. Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am. 1. 204. Don, Mill. 2. 648. Beck, Bot. 113. Au
dubon, Birds, t. 363. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1.472. Eat. & Wr. 383. Torrey, Fle
N. Y. 1. 224. Dietr. 3.155. Loud. Arb. 3. 920, t.184. Emerson, Trees of Mass
439, Nutt. Sylva, 2. 25, t. 50. Richard. Arct. Exped. 428. Lange, Pl. Groenl. 134.
Curtis, Bot. N. Car. 70. Chapman, 129. Gray, Manual, 161. Brew. & Wats. Bo
Calif. 1. 189.
Sorbus Americana. Marsh. Arbust. 145. Willd. Enum. 520. Pursh, 341. Poir.
Suppl. 5. 164. Nutt. Genera, 1. 305. Bigel. Fl. Bost. 2 ed. 194. Torrey, Fl. U.S.
477. Spach, Hist. Veg. 2. 95.. Roem. Syn. Monog. 8. 138. Maximowicz, Bull. —
Acad. Petersb. 19. 174 (Mélang. Biol. 9.171). Wenzig, Linnea, 38.71. Decaisne,
Mem. Fam. Pom. in Nouv. Arch. Mus. 10. 158.
Sorbus Aucuparia. oir. Dict. 7. 234, in part. Persoon, 2. 88 & Add. (as vam
Americana). Bigel. Fl. Bost. 119. Decaisne, 1. ¢., as to Greenland ? 4:
P. Aucuparia. Meyer, Pl. Lab. 81. Schlecht. Fl. Lab. in Linnea, 10.99. Hook. —
f. Arct. Pl. 290 & 827, in part. ‘3
Sorbus humifusa. Raf. Med. Bot. 2. 265.

Var. microcarpa. ‘Torr. & Gray, FI. 1. 472.
Sorbus Aucuparia, var. a. Michx. Fl. 1. 290.

Pirus.] ROSACE. Zoi

Sorbus microcarpa. Pursh, 341. Poir. Suppl. 5. 164. Elliott, 1. 555. Torrey,
Fl. U. S. 477. Spach, Hist. Veg. 2.95. Roem. Syn. Monog. 3. 188.

P. microcarpa. Spreng. Syst. 2.511. DC. Prodr. 2. 636. Don, Mill. 2. 648.
Beck, Bot. 113. Eat. & Wr. 388. Loud. Arb. 2. 921.

Sorbus Americana, var. microcarpa. Wenzig, Linnea, 38. 71.

Sorbus riparia. Raf. New FI. 3. 15.

P. angustifolia. Ait. Hort. Kew. 2.176. Willd. Spec. 2. 1020. Poir. Dict.
5.455. Persoon, 2. 40. Pursh, 341. Elliott, 1. 559. Torrey, Fl. U. S. 480.
Spreng. Syst. 2.509. DC. Prodr. 2. 635. Watson, Dendr. Brit. t.132. Lindl.
Bot. Reg. 14, t.1207. Don, Mill. 647. Beck, Bot. 113. Hook. Comp. Bot. Mag.
1.25. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1.741. Eat. & Wr. 382. Dietr. 3.154. Loud. Arb.
2. 909, t.177. Nutt. Sylva, 2.24. Curtis, Bot. N. Car. 69. Chapman, 128. Gray,
Manual, 161.

P. coronaria. Wangenh. Amer. 61, t. 21, f.47. Walter, 148.

Malus angustifolia. Michx. Fl. 1. 292. Decaisne, 1. ec. 155.

Malus sempervirens. Desf. Arb. 2. 141. Nouv. Duham. 6, t.43,f.1. Poir.
Suppl. 4. 524. Roem. Syn. Monog. 3. 191.

P. coronaria, var. angustifolia. Wenzig, Linnea, 38. 41.
P. arbutifolia. Linn. f. Suppl. 256. Wangenh.’Amer. 89, t. 28, f.64. Ehrh.
Beitr. 1. 184 & 2.68. Willd. Spec. 2.1012; Enum. 525. Ait. f. Hort. Kew. 3. 207.
Bigel. Fl. Bost. 195. Spreng. Syst. 2.510. DC. Prodr. 2.657. Lindl. Trans.
Hort. Soe. 7. 224 (Litt-Ber. zu Linnea, 1830, 106). Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am. 1. 204 ;
Bot. Mag. t. 3668. Don, Mill. 2. 649. Beck, Bot. 114. Darling. Fl. Cestr. 296.
Morr. & Gray, Fl. 1.471. Eat. & Wr. 383. Torrey, Fl. N. Y. 1.224. Dietr.
38.155. Loud. Arb. 2. 925, f. 646-648. Emerson, Trees of Mass. 441. Richard.
Arct. Exped. 428. Curtis, Bot. N. Car. 69. Lesqx. Fl. Ark. 359. Chapman, 128.
Gray, Manual, 161.

Mespilus Canadensis. Linn. Spec. 478, in part. Marshall, Arbust. 91.

Mespilus arbutifolia. Linn. Spec. 478. Walter, 148. Ait. Hort. Kew. 2. 175.
Schmidt, Arb. t. 86. Michx. FL. 1. 290.

Crategus pyrifolia. Lam. Dict. 1. 83.

Aronia pyrifolia. Persoon, 2. 39. Roem. Syn. Monog. 3. 159.

Crategus serrulata. Poir. Suppl. 1. 292.

Aronia arbutifolia. Elliott, 1. 556. ‘Torrey, Fl. U. S. 478. Spach, Hist. Veg.
2.89. Roem. 1. c. 160. Decaisne, Mem. Pom. 138.

P. floribunda. Lindl. Bot. Reg. 12, t. 1006; Trans. Hort. Soc. 7. 224 (Litt.-Ber.
zu Linnea, 1830, 106). Don, Mill. 2. 649. Walp. Rep. 2. 54. Loud. Arb. 2. 927.

P. depressa. Lindl. 1. ec. 7. 230, and same citations.

Aronia floribunda, depressa & densiflora. Spach, Hist. Veg. 2. 88-90. Roem.
Syn. Monog. 3. 159 & 160. Decaisne, Mem. Pom. 138.

Sorbus arbutifolia. Wenzig, Linnea, 38. 65.

Var. melanocarpa. Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am. 1. 204. Darling. Fl. Cestr. 296. Torr.
& Gray, Fl.1.471. Torrey, Fl. N. Y. 1.224. Chapman, 129. Gray, Manual,
161. Buchan, Canad. Naturalist, 14. 293.

Crataegus arbutifolia. Lam. Dict. 1. 83.

Mespilus arbutifolia, var. nigra. Willd. Spec. 2. 1021.

Mespilus arbutifolia, var. melanocarpa. Michx. Fl. 1. 292.

Aronia arbutifolia. Persoon, 2. 59.

P. melanocarpa. Willd. Enum. 525. Pursh, 339. Spreng. Syst. 2. 509. DC.
Prodr. 2. 637. Lindl. in Trans. Hort. Soc. 7. 282 (Litt.-Ber. 1. c.). Don, Mill.
2. 649. Beck, Bot. 114. Eat. & Wr. 383. Loud. Arb. 2. 926, f. 649.

aT

992 ROSACEA. [Pirus,

Aronia melanocarpa. Elliott, 1. 557. Nutt. Genera, 1. 306. Spach, Hist. Veg. —
2.90. Roem. Syn. Monog. 3. 161. Decaisne, Mem. Pom. 137.

Aronia arbutifolia, var. melanocarpa. Torrey, Fl. U. 8. 479.

P. grandifolia. Lindl. Bot. Reg. 14, t. 1154; Trans. Hort. Soc. 7. 235 (Litt-Ber, —
l.c.). Don, Mill. 2. 649. Walp. Rep. 2.54. Loud. Arb. 2. 928.

P. pubens. Lindl. 1. ce. 7. 232, and same citations.

Aronia grandifolia, pubens & glabrescens. Spach, Hist. Veg. 2.91. Roem. 1.¢.
Decaisne, 1. ¢.

Aronia pumila. Roem. Syn. Monog. 3. 161.

Sorbus arbutifolia, var. melanocarpa. Wenzig, Linnea, 38. 67.

Var. macrophylla. Hook. Comp. Bot. Mag. 1. 25.

P. coronaria. Linn. Spec. 480. Marsh. Arbust.118. Ait. Hort. Kew. 2. 176.
Willd. Arb. 265; Sp. 2. 1019; Enum. 527. Persoon, 2. 40. Pursh, 540. Sims, Bot. |
Mag. t. 2009. Elliott, 1.559. Ker, Bot. Reg. 8, t.651. James, Long’s Exped.
1.317. Spreng. Syst. 2.510. DC. Prodr. 2. 635. Don, Mill. 2. 647. Beck, Bot.
113. Hook. Comp. Bot. Mag. 1.25. Reichenb. Fl. Exot. t. 240. Torr. & Gray,
Fl. 1.470. Eat. & Wr. 382. Torrey, Fl. N. Y. 1. 223. Dietr. 3.154. Loud. Arb,
2. 908, t.176. Richard. Arct. Exped. 428. Parry, Pl. Minn. 612. Curtis, Bot. N.
Car. 69. Chapman, 128. Gray, Manual, 161. Wenzig, Linnea, 38. 40, excl. var.
Macoun & Gibson, Trans. Bot. Soc. Edinb. 12. 325. ;

Malus coronaria. Mill.; Moench, Meth. 682. Michx. Fl. 1.292. Poir. Dict.
5. 662. Nouv. Duham. 6,t. 44,f1. Michx. f. Arbr. Am. 3. 65, t.10. Spach, —
Hist. Veg. 2. 136, t. 8. Roem. Syn. Monog. 3.191. Decaisne, Mem. Pom. 144.

P. rivularis. Dougl.; Hook. Fl. 1. 203, t. 68. Don, Mill. 2. 647. Torr. &
Gray, Fl. 1.471. Eat. & Wr. 383. Walp. Rep. 2. 53. Dietr. 3. 154. Ledeb. FL
Ross. 2.99. Nutt. Sylva, 2. 22,t.49. Richard. Arct. Exped. 428. Torrey, Paes
R. Rep. 4. 85; Bot. Wilkes, 292. Newberry, Pac. R. Rep. 6.73. Cooper, same,
12. 29 & 60. Regel, Ind. Sem. h. Petrop. 1858, 51. Rothr. Fl. Alask. 455 & 446.
Boland. Cat. 11. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 8. 382. Wenzig, Linnea, 38. 58.
Brew. & Wats. Bot. Calif. 1. 188.

P. diversifolia. Bongard, Veg. Sitch. 133 (Presl, Repert. Bot. 1. 513).

P. fusca. Raf. Med. Bot. 2. 254.

P. subcordata. Wedeb. FI. Ross. 2. 95.

Malus rivularis & diversifolia. Roem. 1. ¢. 3. 215. Decaisne, Mem. Pom. 155.

Malus subcordata. Roem. 1. ce. 192.

P. sambucifolia. Cham. & Schlecht. in Linnea, 2. 36. Bongard, Veg. Sitch. 184.
Don, Mill. 2. 648. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1.472. Walp. Rep. 2.53. Dietr. 3. 155,
Ledeb. Fl. Ross. 2.99. Trautv. & Meyer, FI. Ochot. 87. Maximowicz, Prim. Fl.
Amur. 103. Rothr. Fl. Alask. 446. Cooper, Am. Naturalist, 3. 406 (as fraxini-
folia 2). Gray, Manual, 161; Proc. Am. Acad. 8. 382. Porter, Hayd. Rep. 1870,
475; Fl. Col. 38. Watson, King’s Rep. 5. 92. Brew. & Wats. Bot. Calif. 1. 189.

Sorbus Aucuparia, var. 8. Michx. FI. 1. 290.

Sorbus Aucuparia. Schrank, Pfl. Lab. 25.

P. Americana. Richard. Frankl. Journ. 23% Newberry, Pac. R. Rep. 6. 73:
Cooper, same, 12. 60. Torrey, Bot. Wilkes, 292. j

P. Aucuparia. Meyer, Pl. Lab. 81. Schlecht. in Linnea, 10. 99. Pl. Bourgeau
256 & 263. Hook. f. Arct. Pl. 290 & 327, in part.

Sorbus sambucifolia. Roem. Syn. Monog. 3. 139. Maximowicz, in Bull. Acad.
Petersb. 19. 174 (Mélang. Biol. 9. 172). Wenzig, Linnea, 38.753. Decaisne, Mem.
Pom. 159. ;

Sorbus Sitchensis. Roem. 1. ec.

Pirus. Potentilla.]

P. alnifolia ; Amelanchier alnifolia.

Americana ; sambucifolia.
Aucuparia; Americana, sambuci-
folia. 5
Bartramiana; Amelanchier Cana-

densis.
coronaria ; angustifolia.
depressa ; arbutifolia.
diversifolia ; rivularis.
floribunda ; arbutifolia.
fraxinifolia ; sambucifolia.
Jusca ; vivularis.

ROSACEA. 293

P. glandulosa ; Crateegus coccinea.

grandifolia & melanocarpa ; arbuti-
folia.

mucrocarpa ; Americana.

Neumanniana & ovalis ; Amelanchier
Canadensis.

pubens ; arbutifolia.

sanguinea ; Amelanchier alnifolia &
Canadensis.

subcordata ; rivularis.

Wangenheimiana ; Amelanchier Cana-
densis.

POTENTILLA Anserina. Linn. Spec. 495. See syn. in Ledeb. Fl. Ross. 2. 44;
Lehmann, Monog. 74, & Rey. Pot. 188; Trautv. & Meyer, Fl. Ochot. 88. — Michx.
Fl. 1. 304. Pursh, 356. Bigel. Fl. Bost. 124. Schrank, Pfl. Lab. 26. James,
Long’s Exp. 2. 342. Torrey, Fl. U.S. 498; Fl. N. Y. 1.210; Frem. Rep. 89; Pac.
Rh. Rep. 4. 84; Bot. Wilkes, 289. Spreng. Syst. 2. 555. Seringe, DC. Prodr. 2. 582.
Cham. & Schlecht. in Linneza, 2.24. KE. Meyer, Pl. Lab. 76. Hook. FI. Bor.-
Am. 1.189. Bongard, Veg. Sitch. 132. Beck, Bot. 106. Schlecht. Fl. Lab. in
Linnea, 10. 98. Hook. & Arn. Bot. Beechey, 123 & 338. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 444.
Kat. & Wr. 378. Gray, Pl. Fendl. 42; Pac. R. Rep. 12. 43; Manual, 155. Seem.
Bot. Herald, 29 & 52. Engelm. Pl. Upp. Miss. 191. Newberry, Pac. R. Rep. 6. 72.
Cooper, same, 12.38 & 59. Lange, Pl. Groenl. 135. Hook. f. Arct. Pl. 290. Pl.
Bourgeau, 256. A. H. Smith, Proc. Acad. Philad. 1867, 19. Rothr. Fl. Alask. 445 ;
Pl. Wheeler, 37. Boland. Cat.12. Porter, Hayd. Rep. 1870, 475; 1871, 482; FI.
Col. 38. Watson, King’s Rep. 5. 89; Rev. Pot. in Proc. Am. Acad. 8. 562; PI.
Wheeler, 8. Coulter, Hayd. Rep. 1872, 765. Brew. & Wats. Bot. Calif. 1. 180.

Var. grandis. Lehm.in Hook. Fl. Bor-Am. 1.189; Rev. Pot.190. Torr. &
Gray, Fl. 1. 444. Ledeb. FI. Ross. 2. 45.
Var. Groenlandica. ‘Tratt. Ros. 4.15. Nestler, Monog. Pot. 35. Hook. in

Parry’s 3d Voy. Appx. 125; Fl. Bor.-Am. 1. 189.
Schlecht. in Linnea, 10.88. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 444.
Lange, Pl. Groenl. 135.
P. Egedii. Wormsk. Fl. Dan. 9, t.1578. Lehm. Monog. Pot. 74.
DC. Prodr. 2. 582. Spreng. Syst. 2. 535. Don, Mill. 2. 560. Dietr. 3. 189.
P. anserina, var. Egedii. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 444.
P. argentea. Linn. Spec. 497. See syn. in Lehm. Monog. Pot. 94 & Rev. Pot.
96; Seringe, DC. Prodr. 2. 576; Ledeb. Fl. Ross. 2. 47.— Pursh, 355. Bigel. Fl.
Bost. 124. Torrey, Fl. U. S. 497; Fl. N. Y. 1. 209; Nicol. Rep. 149. Spreng. Syst.
2.537. Lehm. in Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am. 1.191. Beck, Bot. 107. Torr. & Gray, FI.
1.441. Kat. & Wr. 373. A. H. Smith, Proc. Acad. Philad. 1867, 19. Gray, Man-
ual, 154. Watson, Rev. Pot. 558.

P. arguta. Pursh, 636. Poir. Suppl. 4. 538. Bradbury, Cat. 337. Richard.
Frankl. Journ. Appx. 20. Lindl. Bot. Reg. 16, t. 1379. Hook. (& Lehm.) Fl. Bor.-
Am. 1. 186, t.63. Don, Mill. 2.558. Beck, Bot. 107. Bigel. Fl. Bost. 3 ed. 219.
Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1.445. Eat. & Wr. 374. Walp. Rep. 2. 85. Dietr. Syn. 3. 186.
Torrey, Fl. N. Y. 1. 209; Nicol. Rep. 149; Frem. Rep. 89. Parry, Pl. Minn. 612.
Engelm. Pl. Upp. Miss. 190. Lehm. Rev. Pot. 50. Gray, Pac. R. Rep. 12. 433
Manual, 154. Pl. Bourgeau, 256. Porter, Hayd. Rep. 1870, 475; FI. Col. 35.
Coulter, Hayd. Rep. 1872, 765. Watson, Rev. Pot. 551.

Seringe, DC. Prodr. 2. 582.
Lehm. Rev. Pot. 190.

Seringe,

294 ROSACE. [Potentilla.

Geum agrimonoides. Pursh, 351. Poir. Suppl. 5. 574. Torrey, Cat. Pl. N. Y.—
92. Spreng. Syst. 2. 548. Seringe, DC. Prodr. 2. 554. Hat. & Wr. 254.

Boottia sylvestris. Bigelow, Fl. Bost. 2 ed. 206. '

P. confertiflora. Torrey, Fl. U. S. 1.499. Spreng. Syst. 4.189. Lehm. Nov.
Stirp. Pug. 5. 24. ‘

P. Pennsylvanica, var. arguta. Torrey, Ann. Lye. N. Y. 2. 197.

Var. ferruginea. Lehm. Rev. Pot. 50. —

P. ferruginea. Dougl.; Paxt. Mag. 5, t. 233.

P. Bigelowiana. Wenderoth, Sem. h. Marb. 1841 (Litt.-Ber. zu Linnea, 16. 112). ‘ee
P. biflora. Willd.; Schlecht. in Mag. Berl. 7.297. See syn. in Lehm. Monog. —
Pot., & Rev.; Ledeb. Fl. Ross. 2. 61. — Richard. in Frankl. Journ. 21. Lehm. Mo-
nog. Pot. 192, t. 20; Rev. Pot. 20, t. 62. Cham. & Schlecht. Linnza, 2. 24.
Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am. 1.195. Hook. & Arn. Bot. Beechey, 123. Torr. & Gray, ©
Fl. 1.442. Eat. & Wr. 3872. Dietr. 3.180. Seem. Bot. Herald, 29. Hook. f. 9%
Journ. Linn. Soc. 1.124; Arct. Pl. 290. Rothr. Fl. Alask. 445. Watson, Rev.
Pot. 561. |
P. brevifolia. Nutt.; Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 442. Walp. Rep. 2. 34. Dietr. 3. 188.
Lehm. Rey. Pot. 46. Watson, Rey. Pot. 560.
P. Breweri. Watson, Rev. Pot. 555. Brew. & Wats. Bot. Calif. 1. 178.

Var. expansa. Watson, Bot. Calif. 1. 179.

P. Canadensis. Linn. Spec. 498. Walter, 150. Willd. Spec. 2.1106. Michx. —
Fl. 1. 303. Poir. Dict. 5. 595. Persoon, 2.55. Pursh, 354. Nestler, Monog. Pot. ©
58, t.10, £1. Lehm. Monog. Pot. 118; Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am. 1. 192; Rev. Pot. 187. —
Elliott, 1.574. Torrey, Fl. U. S. 496; Fl. N. Y. 1.208. Spreng. Syst. 2. 538. Se
ringe, DC. Prodr. 2. 575. Don, Mill. 2. 552. Beck, Bot. 106. Darling. Fl. Cestr. j |
303. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1.443. Eat. & Wr. 373. Engelm. Pl. Upp. Miss. 191.
Gray, Pac. R. Rep. 12. 43; Manual, 154. Chapman, 124. Pl. Bourgeau, 256.
Watson, Rey. Pot. 562. ;

P. pumila. Poir. Dict. 5. 594. Pursh, 854. Spreng. Syst. 2. 537. '

P. sarmentosa. Willd. Enum. 554. Nestler, Monog. Pot. 64. Bigelow, FI. Bost.
2 ed. 204. Eat. & Wr. 373. Dietr. 5. 180.

Var. simplex. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1.448. Lehm. Nov. Stirp. Pug. 9.72; Rev.
Pot. 188. Gray, Manual, 154. Watson, Rev. Pot. 562.

P. simplex. Michx. FI. 1. 303. Poir. Dict. 5. 596. Persoon, 2. 55. Pursh, 354, ~
Bigel. Fl. Bost. 124. Nestler, Monog. Pot. 40, t. 9. Lehm. Monog. Pot. 118; —
Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am. 1. 193. Elliott, 1.574. Torrey, Fl. U. 8. 497. Spreng. Syst.
2. 538. Seringe, DC. Prodr. 2. 575. Don, Mill. 2. 552. Beck, Bot. 106. Darling.
Fl. Cestr. 204. Eat. & Wr. 373.

P. Caroliniana. Poir. Dict. 5. 595. Persoon, 2. 55.

P. crinita. Gray, Pl. Fendl. 41. Walp. Ann. 2. 480. Lehm. Rev. Pot. 63, t. 21,
Watson, Rev. Pot. 555. Brandegee, Fl. 8. W. Col. 236. ’

P. dissecta. Pursh, 355. Spreng. Syst. 2. 536. Seringe, DC. Prodr. 2. 575.
Lehm. Nov. Stirp. Pug. 3.20; Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am. 1. 193; Rev. Pot. 28. Don,
Mill. 2. 553 & 560. Nutt. in Journ. Acad. Philad. 7.20. Torr. & Gray, F1. 1. 446.
Eat. & Wr. 373. Dietr. 8. 180 & 190. Watson, Rev. Pot. 556. Porter, Fl. Col. 37.
Rothr. Pl. Wheeler, 37. Brew. & Wats. Bot. Calif. 1. 179.
P. diversifolia. Lehm. Nov. Stirp. Pug. 2.9; Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am. 1.190; Rev.
Pot..72, t. 31. Don, Mill. 2.556. Torr. & Gray, Fl.1. 489. Eat. & Wr. 3/2aay
Walp. Rep. 2. 83. Dietr. 3.185. Torrey, Frem. Rep. 89. Engelm. Pl. Upp. Miss.
191. Pl. Bourgeau, 256 & 262. Gray, Am. Journ. Sci. 2. 83. 411; Proc. Am. Acad, —

Potentilla.] ROSACES. 295

8. 381. Watson, King’s Rep. 5. 86. Porter, Hayd. Rep. 1871, 482. Coulter, same,
1872, 765.

P. Drummondii. Lehm. Nov. Stirp. Pug. 2. 9; Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am. 1. 189, t. 65
Rev. Pot. 66. Don, Mill. 2. 558. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 489. Eat. & Wr. 374. Walp.
Rep. 2. 32. Dietr. 3.178. Pl. Bourgeau, 256. Gray, Proc. Acad. Philad. 1865, 61.

P. rubricaulis. Lehm. Nov. Stirp. Pug. 2.11; Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am. 1. 191; Rey.
Pot. 68,t.30. Don, Mill. 2.556. Torr. & Gray, Fl.1.488. Eat. & Wr. 374.
Walp. Rep. 2. 32. Dietr. 3. 185.

Var. glaucophylla. Lehm. Rev. Pot. 75. Watson, King’s Rep. 5. 86, in part ;
Rey. Pot. 556. Porter, Fl. Col. 37.
P. glaucophylla. Lehm. in Del. Sem. h. Hamb. 1836, 7 (Litt.-Ber. zu Linnea,
1838, 83). Walp. Rep. 2. 33.
Var. multisecta. Watson, King’s Rep. d. 86; Rev. Pot. 557. Coulter, Hayd.
Rep. 1872, 76s.
Var. (?) decurrens. Watson, Rev. Pot. 557.

P. effusa. Dougl.; Lehm. Noy. Stirp. Pug. 2. 8; Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am. 1. 187; Rev.
Pot. 64,t. 22. Don, Mill. 2. 557. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1.437. Eat. & Wr. 374.
Walp. Rep. 2.82. Dietr. 8. 186. Hook. in Lond. Journ. Bot. 6. 219. Engelm,
Pl. Upp. Miss. 191. Pl. Bourgeau, 256. Watson, 1. c. 555. Porter, Fl. Col. 36.

Var. gossypina. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1.487. Lehm. Rev. Pot. 64.
P. gossypina. Nutt.; Hook. in Lond. Journ. Bot. 6. 219.

P. emarginata. Pursh, 353. Lehm. Monog. Pot. 174; Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am. 1. 194;
Rey. Pot. 161. Spreng. Syst. 2.540. E. Meyer, Fl. Lab. 74. Don, Mill. 2. 551.
Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 446. Eat. & Wr. 372. Hornem. Fl. Dan. 18, t. 2291. Dietr.
3. 179. Seem. Bot. Herald, 29, 51 & 56. Lange, Pl. Groenl. 135. Rothr. FI.
Alask. 445. Watson, Rev. Pot. 559.

P. nana. Willd.; Schlecht. in Mag. Berl. 7. 296. Lehm. Monog. Pot. 181, t. 17
(Spreng. Neue Entdeck. 2. 298); Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am. 1. 194. Spreng. Syst. 2. 541.
Seringe, DC. Prodr. 2.573. Don, Mill. 2.550. Hook. & Arn. Bot. Beechey, 123.
Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1.441. Eat. & Wr. 372. Dietr. 3.179. Ledeb. FI. Ross. 2. 56.
Seller, Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. 1. 16.170. Seem. Bot. Herald, 29 & 55. Durand,
Pl. Kane. in Journ. Acad. Philad. 1856, 190. Hook. f. in Journ. Linn. Soe. 1. 12t.
Rothr. Fl. Alask. 445.

P.verna. Hook. in Scoresby’s Greenland, 431.

P. Grenlandica. R. Brown, in Ross’s Voy. 142.

P. frigida ? Greville, Mem. Soc. Wern. 3. 430. Durand, Kane’s Exped. 2. 454.

P. nivea, var. concolor. RK. Br. in Parry’s 1st Voy. 277. Hook. in Parry’s 2d
Voy. 395. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1.441. Durand, Pl. Kane. 1. c. 190.

P. Fragaria, var. emarginata. Seringe, DC. Prodr. 2. 586.

P. nivea, var. arctica. Lehm. Rey. Pot. 167, in part.

P. nivea, var. Vahliana. Durand, Kane’s Exped. 2. 453.

P. nivea, var. hirsuta. Durand, Pl. Kane. 1. c. 190; Pl. Hayes, Proc. Acad.

Philad. 1863, 94.
P. fragiformis. Willd.; Schlecht. in Mag. Berl. 7. 294. See syn. in Ledeb. Fl.
Ross. 2. 59; Trautv. & Meyer, Fl. Ochot. 33; Regel & Tiling, FI. Ajan. 85. — Lehm.
Monog. Pot. 163, t. 15 (Spreng. Neue Entdeck. 2. 298) ; Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am. 1. 194;
Rev. Pot. 155, Spreng. Syst. 2.540. Seringe, DC. Prodr. 2. 586. Don, Mill.
2.550. Eat. & Wr. 3872. Dietr. 3.178. Hook.f. Arct. Pl. 290. Watson, Rev.
Pot. 559. Referred with P. gelida to P. grandiflora, Linn., by Maximowicz, Bull.
Acad. Petersb. 19. 167 (Mélange Biol. 9. 161).

296 ROSACEZ. [Potentilla.

Var. villosa. Regel & Tiling, 1c. Watson, Rev. Pot. 559.
P. villosa. Pallas; Pursh, 353. Lehm. Monog. Pot. 166, t. 16; Hook. Fl. Bor-_
Am. 1. 194; Rey. Pot. 171. Spreng. Syst. 2.540. Seringe, DC. Prodr. 2. 573.
Cham. & Schlecht. in Linneza, 2.22. Bongard, Veg. Sitch. 182. Don, Mill. 2. 550, —
Hook. & Arn. Bot. Beechey, 123. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1.442. Eat. & Wr. 372. Dietr. 7
Syn. 3.178. Ledeb. Fl. Ross. 2.58. Presl, Epimel. Bot. 198. Seem. Bot. Herald, —

29. Hook. f. Arct. Pl. 290. Rothr. Fl. Alask. 445.
P. lucida. Willd.; Schlecht. in Mag. Berl. 7. 296.

Vp. frigida. Villars, Fl. Delph. 3. 563. See syn. in Lehm. Rev. Pot. 158. — Hook.
f. Arct. Pl. 290 & 326. Gray, Manual, 154. Watson, Rev. Pot. 560. 1
P. minima, Hall. f., var. Lobbinsiana. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1.441. Lehm. Rey. —
Pot. 159.
P. minima. Gray, Manual, 1 ed. 122. Wood, Cl.-Book, 342; Bot. & FI. 107.

P. fruticosa. Linn. Sp. 495. See syn. in Ledeb, Fl. Ross. 2. 61; Nestler, Mo-—
nog. Pot. 67; Lehm. Rev. Pot. 16.— Michx. Fl. 1. 304. Pursh, 355. James,
Cat. 182; Long’s Exp. 2.215. Torrey, Fl. U.S. 497; Ann. Lyc. N. Y. 2.197; Bl
N. Y. 1. 210; Frem. Rep. 89; Bot. Wilkes, 289. Spreng. Syst. 2. 533. Hook.
Fl. Bor.-Am. 1. 186. Beck, Bot. 107. Nutt. in Journ. Acad. Philad. 7. 20. Hook.
& Arn. Bot. Beechey, 123. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1.445. Eat. & Wr. 373. Seem. Bot.
Herald, 29 & 51. Richard. Arct. Exp. 427. Engelm. Pl. Upp. Miss. 191. Hook. f. —
Journ. Linn. Soc. 1.124; Arct. Pl. 290. Pl. Bourgeau, 256 & 262. Regel, Gart.
Fl. 9, t. 278. Gray, Proc. Acad. Philad. 1863, 61; Manual, 155. Rothr. Fl. Alask. ©
445; Pl. Wheeler, 37. Porter, Hayd. Rep. 1870, 475; 1871, 482; Fl. Col. 38. An-
derson, Cat. Pl. Ney. 120. Watson, King’s Rep. 5. 89; Rey. Pot. 561. Coulter,
Hayd. Rep. 1872, 765. Brew. & Wats. Bot. Calif. 1. 180.

P. fruticosa, var. Americana. Marshall, Arbust. 109.

P. floribunda. Pursh, 355. Bigel. Fl. Bost. 2 ed. 203. Don, Mill. 2. 561.

Var. parvifolia. Watson, Rev. Pot. 561; Pl. Wheeler, 8 (as var. alpina).

P. gelida. C. A. Meyer, Ind. Pl. Caue. 167: See syn. in Ledeb. FI. Ross. 2. 59;
Lehm. Rey. Pot. 154; Walp. Rep. 2. 26. — Watson, Rev. Pot. 559. Brew. & Wats.
Bot. Calif. 1. 180. Referred to P. grandiflora, Linn., by Maximowicz in Bull. Acad. —
Petersb. 19. 167, with P. fragiformis.

P. flabellifolia. Hook.; Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1.442. Walp. Rep. 2.34. Dietr.
3. 183. Lehm. Rey. Pot. 153, t. 51. Newberry, Pac. R. Rep. 6. 72.

P. glandulosa. Lindl. Bot. Reg. 19, t. 1583 (Litt-Ber. zu Linnea, 1835, 15). —
Hook. & Arn. Bot. Beechey, 338. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 446. Walp. Rep. 2. 35.
Dietr. 3. 187. Engelm. Pl. Upp. Miss. 191. Lehm. Rev. Pot. 48. Torrey, Pac. R. 7
Rep. 4.84; Mex. Bound. 64. Newberry, Pac. R. Rep. 6.72. Boland. Cat. 12. q
Watson, King’s Rep. 5. 89; Rev. Pot. 552; Pl. Wheeler, 8. Porter, Hayd. Rep.
1871, 482; Fl. Col. 36. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 8. 381. Coulter, Hayd. Rep. 1872,
765. Rothr. Pl. Wheeler, 37. Brew. & Wats. Bot. Calif. 1. 178.

P. arguta. .Lehm. in Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am. 1. 186, in part. Nutt. in Journ. Acad. .
Philad. 7. 21.

P. fissa. Nutt.; Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 446. Walp. Rep. 2. 35. Dietr. 3. 187.
Hook. in Lond. Journ. Bot. 6.220. Gray, Pl. Fendl. 41; Am. Journ. Sci. 2. 33. 4115,
Proc. Acad. Philad. 1863, 61. Anderson, Cat. Pl. Nev. 120. Porter, Hayd. Rep.
1871, 482. F LY

P. Wrangeliana. Fisch. & Meyer, Ind. Sem. Petrop. 1840, 54 (Litt.-Ber. zu Lin-
nea, 1840, 118). Walp. Rep. 2. 35. Lehm. Rev. Pot. 49, t. 19.

P. rupestris. Pres), Epimel. Bot. 198.

? P. rivalis. Torrey, Pac. R. Rep. 4. 84.

Potentilla.] ROSACEA. 297

Var. incisa. Lindl. Bot. Reg. 15, t. 1973.

Var. Nevadensis. Watson, Bot. Calif. 1. 176.
P. glandulosa. Watson, Rev. Pot. 552, in part.

P. gracilis. Dougl.; Hook. Bot. Mag. t. 2984; Fl. Bor.-Am. 1. a Don, Mill.
9.554. Torr. & Gray, Fl.1.440. Eat. & Wr. 373. Walp. Rep. 2.83. Dietr.
3.182. Torrey, Frem. Rep. 2 Lehm. Rey. Pot. 107. Cooper, Pac. R. Rep.
12. 52. Watson, King’s Rep. 5. 88; Rev. Pot. 557; Pl. Wheeler, 8. Porter, Hayd.

Rep. 1871, 482; Fl. Col. 37. Gis Proc. Am. Acad. 8. 381. Coulter, Hayd. Rep.
1872, 765. Rothe. Pl. Wheeler, 37. Brew. & Waits. Bot. Calif. 1. 179.

P. Blaschkeana. Turez.; Lehm. in Otto, Gartenz. 9. 506; Ind. Sem. h. Hamb.
1853, Add. 9.; Rev. Pot. 107, t. 64.

P.nivea, var. Pl. Bourgeau, 256.

P. fastigiata + Gray, Proc. Acad. Philad. 1863, 61.

Var. flabelliformis. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1.440. Newberry, Pac. R. Rep. 6. 72.
Cooper, same, 12.59. Durand, Fl. Utah, 163. Watson, King’s Rep. 5. 88; Rev.
Pot. 557. Torrey, Bot. Wilkes, 289. Brew. & Wats. Bot. Calif. 1. 179.

| P. flabelliformis. Lehm.; Nov. Stirp. Pug. 2.12; Hook. Fl. Bor.Am. 1. 192,
t. 66; Monog. Pot. Suppl. 18, t.6. Don, Mill. 2.554. Eat. & Wr. 375. Hook.
in Lond. Journ. Bot. 6.220. Pl. Bourgeau, 256. Porter, Hayd. Rep. 1871, 482.
Coulter, same, 1872, 765.

Var. fastigiata. Watson, Rev. Pot. 557. Brew. & Wats. Bot. Calif. 1. nie
P. fastigiata. Nutt.; Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 440. Walp. Rep. 2.33. Dietr. 3. 182.
Gray, Pl. Fendl. 42. Porter, Hayd. Rep. 1870, 475.
P. olopetala. Lehm. Rey. Pot. 78, in part.
* P.concinna? Gray, Am. Journ. Sci. 2. 33. 411.

Var. rigida. Watson, Rev. Pot. 557; Pl. Wheeler, 8. Porter, Fl. Col. 87. Brew.
& Wats. Bot. Calif. 1. 179.

P. recta? Nutt. Genera, 1.510. Eat. & Wr. 373. Wood, Cl.-Book, 343.

P. chrysantha. LLehm. in Hook. Fl. 1.193. Don,l.c. Eat. & Wr. 373.

P. rigida. Nutt. in Journ. Acad. Philad. 7. 20. “Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1.440. Walp.
Rep. 2. 33. Engelm. Pl. Upp. Miss. 191. Newberry, Pac. R. Rep. 6.72. Ander-
son, Cat. Pl. Nev. 120.

P. Nuttallii. Lehm. Ind. Sem. h. Hamb. 1852, Add. 12 (Ann. Sci. Nat. 3. 19. 364) ;
Otto, Gartenz. 8. 373; Rev. Pot. 89, t.33. Watson, King’s Rep. 5. 88. Porter,
Hayd. Rep. 1871, 482.

4 P. digitatoflabellata. Braun & Bouché, Ind. Sem. h. Berl. 1851. Walp. Ann.
7. 866. Watson, Rev. Pot. 563.

P. Grayi. Watson, Rey. Pot. 560. Porter, Fl. Col. 37. Brew. & Wats. Bot. Calif.
eel.

P. Hippiana. Lehm. Nov. Stirp. Pug. 2. 7; Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am. 1. 188, t. 64; Rev.
Pot. 62. Don, Mill. 2. 558. Porter, Hayd. Rep. 1870, 475; Fl. Col. 36. Watson,
Rey. Pot. 555. Rothr. Pl. Wheeler, 37.

P. leucophylla. Torrey, Ann. Lye. N. Y. 2.197. Eat. & Wr. 373

P. Pemsylvanica, var. Hippiana. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1.488. Torrey, Pac. R.
a 4.84. Gray, Proc. Acad. Philad. 1863, 61.

P. diffusa. Torrey, Sitgr. Rep. 159.
Var. pulcherrima. Watson, Rev. Pot. 555. :

P. pulcherrima. Wehm. Noy. Stirp. Pug. 2. 10; Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am. 1. 190; Revs
Pot. 69,t. 28. Don, Mill. 2. 556. Eat. & Wr. 374. Watson, King’s Rep. 5. 87.
Porter, Hayd. Rep. 1871, 482. Coulter, same, 76s.

298 ROSACER. [Potentilla.

P. Pennsylvanica, var. pulcherrima. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 438.

P. diffusa. Gray, Pl. Fendl. 42. Torrey, Pac. R. Rep. 4. 84.

P. Hippiana, var. diffusa. Lehm. Ind. Sem. h. Hamb. 1849, Add. 8 (Ann. Sci.
Nat. 3. 12. 347); Rev. Pot62. Walp. Ann. 2. 480.

P. rubricaulis. Pl. Bourgeau, 256. ‘
P. Hookeriana. Lehm. Ind. Sem. h. Hamb. 1849, Add. 10 (Ann. Sci. Nat. —
3. 12. 353); Nov. Stirp. Pug. 9.18; Rev. Pot. 163,t.55. Walp. Ann. 2. 509. 7
Watson, Rev. Pot. 554. -
P. humifusa. Nutt. Genera, 1.310. James, Cat. 182. Torrey, Amn. Lye. N. Y.
2.197. Seringe, DC. Prodr. 2. 574. Eat. & Wr. 374. Watson, Rev. Pot. 558.
Porter, Fl. Col. 37. Rothr. Pl. Wheeler, 37.

P. concinna. Richard. Frankl. Journ. 20. Lehm. Monog. Pot. Suppl. 16, t. 7;
Nov. Stirp. Pug. 2. 13; Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am. 1. 193, t. 67; Rev. Pot. 112. Don, Mill.
2.554. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1.4438. Eat. & Wr. 3873. Walp. Rep. 2. 34. Dietr. am
3. 183. Gray, Am. Journ. Sci. 2. 33. 411; Proc. Acad. Philad. 1863, 61. Pl. Bour-
geau, 256.

P. canescens. Spreng. Syst. 2. 537, in part.

P. pulchella. Spreng. Syst. 42. 199.

Tormentilla humifusa. Won, Mill. 2. 562.

P. concinna, var. humifusa. WLehm. Rey. Pot. 112.

P. maculata. Pourret, Act. Toloss. 3.316. See syn. in Lehm. Rey. Pot. 119; —
Hook. f. Arct. Pl. 290 & 326 (under P. verna). — E. Meyer, Pl. Lab. 75. Lange, Pl.
Groenl. 135. Watson, Rev. Pot. 559. 2
P. Salisburgensis. Haenke ; Jacq. Coll. 2.68; Icon. Rar. 3, t.490. Torr. &
Gray, FI. 1. 440. ‘a
P. opaca. Pursh, 855, not Linn. Meyer, Pl. Lab. 75. Lehm. in Hook. Fl. |
1.191. Schlecht. in Linnea, 10.95. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1.191. Eat. & Wr. 373. 7
P. aurea. Oecder, Fl. Dan. t. 114, not Linn. Schrank, Pfl. Lab. 27. j
P. aurea, var. 8. Schrank, 1l.¢c. Durand, Pl. Kane. in Journ. Acad. Philad.
1856, 191 (Kane’s Exped. 2. 455). ,
P. crocea, Haller. Hook. f. in Journ. Linn. Soe. 1. 116.
P. nemoralis. Nestler, Monog. 65. See syn. in Ledeb. FI. Ross. 2. 51; Lehm. —
Rey. Pot. 179 (under P. procumbens). — Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1.444. Watson, Rev. —
Pot. 563. Perhaps not American.

P. nivea. Linn. Spec. 499. Sce syn. in Ledeb. Fl. Ross. 2. 57; Lehm. Rev. Pot.
166 ; Hook. f. Arct. Pl. 290 & 825.— Vahl, Fl. Dan. t. 1035. Pursh, 353. Schrank,
Pfl. Lab. 27. Lehm. Monog. Pot. 73; Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am. 1. 95. Richard. Frankl. —
Journ. 20. Hook. in Trans. Linn. Soc. 14. 372. Seringe, DC. Prodr. 2. 572. Cham. —
& Schlecht. in Linnea, 2.21. Meyer, Fl. Lab. 74. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 441.
Eat. & Wr. 372. Seem. Bot. Herald, 52. Durand, Pl. Kane. in Journ. Acad.
Philad. 1856, 190. Hook. f. in Journ. Linn. Soe. 1. 116 & 121. Dickie, same, 3. 111 —
& 11.33. Lange, Pl. Groenl. 135. Gray, Am. Journ. Sci. 2. 33. 411; Proc. Acad.
Philad. 1863, 61. Rothr. Fl. Alask. 445; Pl. Wheeler, 37. . Porter, Hayd. Rep.
1870, 475; Fl. Col. 37. Watson, King’s Rep. 5. 87; Rev. Pot. 558.
Var. Vahliana. Seem. Bot. Herald, 29.

P. hirsuta. Vahl; Hornem. in Fl. Gicon. 2 ed. 500; Fl. Dan. t.1390. Seringe, —
IDC: Brodrazmoie: a

P. Vahliana. WUehm. Monog. Pot. 172; Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am. 1. 194; Rev. Pot.
170, with syn. Spreng. Syst. 2.541. Eat. & Wr. 372. Seem. Bot. Herald, 51.
Lange, Pl. Groenl. 135. |

Potentilla ] ROSACE. 299

P. Jamesoniana. Greville, Mem. Soc. Wern. 3. 417, t. 20. Seringe, 1. c. 2. 586.
P. nivea, var. y. Torr. & Gray, FI. 1. 441.

Var. macrophylla. Lehm. Nov. Stirp. Pug. 9.57. Seringe, DC. Prodr. 2. 571,
excl. syn. Hook. Bot. Mag. t. 2982.
P. nivea. RK. Brown, Parry’s 1st Voy. 277 (Regensb. Flora, 72, Beil. 88). Lodd.
Bot. Cab. t. 460.
Var. prostrata. Lehm. Nov. Stirp. Pug. 9. 69; Monog. Pot. 184; Rev. Pot. 169.
Seringe, DC. Prodr. 2. 572.
P. prostrata. Rotboell, Skrift. 10. 453.
Var. pentaphylla. Lehm. Nov. Stirp. Pug. 9.69; Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am. 1. 195;
Rey. Pot. 169.

| Var. dissecta. Watson, Rev. Pot. 559.

P. Norvegica. Linn. Spec. 449. See syn. in Ledeb. FI. Ross. 2. 86; Lehm. Rev.

Pot. 198. — Oeder, Fl. Dan. t.171. Michx. Fl. 1.302. Persoon, 2.56. Ait. f.

Hort. Kew. 3.279. Pursh, 355. Bigel. Fl. Bost. 125. Nestler, Monog. 66. El-
I liott, 1.573. Lehm. Monog. 153; Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am. 1.193. Torrey, Fl. U.S.
| 496; FI. N. Y. 1.207. Cham. & Schlecht. in Linnea, 2.26. Bongard, Veg. Sitch.
132. Schlecht. in Linnea, 10.98. Beck, Bot. 106. Darling. Fl. Cestr. 505. Torr.
& Gray, Fl. 1.436. Eat. & Wr. 372. Hook. in Lond. Journ. Bot. 6.219. Gray,
Pl. Fendl. 42; Pac. R. Rep. 12. 43; Manual, 154. Seem. Bot. Herald, 51. Engelm.
Pl. Upp. Miss. t91. Cooper, Pac. R. Rep. 12.59. Chapman, 124. Pl. Bourgeau,
250. Porter, Hayd. Rep. 1870, 475; 1871, 481; Fl. Col. 36. Watson, King’s Rep.
5. 85; Rev. Pot. 552. Coulter, Hayd. Rep. 1872, 765.

P. Labradorica. Wehm. Ind. Sem. h. Hamb. 1849, Add. 12 (Ann. Sci. Nat.
3. 12. 855); Nov. Stirp. Pug. 9. 21; Rev. Pot. 201. Walp. Ann. 2. 516.

Var. hirsuta. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1.486. Lehm. Nov. Stirp. Pug. 9. 75; Rev.
Pot. 199.

P. Monspeliensis. Linn. Spec. 499. Willd. Spec. 2. 1109. Persoon, 2. 56.

P. hirsuta. Michx. Fl. 1. 3802. Poir. Dict. 5. 596. Persoon, 2. 55. Pursh, 353.
Nestler, Monog. Pot. 67. Lehm. Monog. Pot. 155, t. 9, f.1; Hook. Fl. Bor-Am.
1.195. Torrey, Fl. U. 8. 495. Spreng. Syst. 2. 540. Don, Mill. 2. 551. Beck, Bot.
106. Eat. & Wr. 372.

P. Morison. DC. Cat. h. Monsp. 155. Seringe, DC. Prodr. 2. 573.

P. palustris. Scop. Fl. Carn. 2 ed. 1.359. See syn. in Lehm. Rey. Pot. 73;
Ledeb. Fl. Ross. 2. 62, and Trautv. & Meyer, Fl. Ochot. 54 (under Comarum). —
Torrey, Fl. U. S. 498; Bot. Wilkes, 290. Spreng. Syst. 2. 536. Seringe, DC.
Prodr. 2. 583. Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am. 1. 187. Meyer, Pl. Lab. 76. Rothr. Fl. Alask.
445. Gray, Manual, 155. Watson, Rev. Pot. 560. Brew. & Wats. Bot. Calif.
1. 180.

Comarum palustre. Winn. Spec. 502. Muell. Fl. Dan. t.636. Michx. Fl. 1. 502.
Poir. Suppl. 2. 316. Pursh, 156. Bigel. Fl. Bost. 123. Nutt. Genera, 1. 311.
Schrank, Pfl. Lab. 28. Richard. Frankl. Journ. 12. Don, Mill. 2. 562. Schlecht.
in Linnea, 10.98. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1.447. Eat. & Wr. 204. Torrey, Fl. N. Y.
1.211. Gray, Manual, 1 ed. 123. Seem. Bot. Herald, 29. Newberry, Pac. R. Rep.
6. 71. Cooper, same, 12.59. Lange, Pl. Groenl. 134. Hook. f. Arct. Pl. 290.
Irmisch, Bot. Zeit. 19.115. Pl. Bourgeau, 256.

P. Comarum. Nestler, Monog. Pot. 36. Seringe, DC. Prodr. 2. 583. Cham. &
Schlecht. in Linnea, 2. 25. Bongard, Veg. Sitch. 182. Beck, Bot. 108.

Comarum digitatum & angustifolium. Raf. Fl. Tellur. 2. 55 & 56.

300 ROSACEZ. [Potentilla.

P. Pennsylvanica. Linn. Mant. 76. See syn. in Ledeb. Fl. Ross. 2. 40; Lehm.
Rev. Pot. 57. — Ait..Hort. Kew. 2.214. Willd. Spec. 1099. Michx. Fl. 1. 304.
Poir. Dict. 5. 588. Persoon, 2.54. Pursh, 356. Nestler, Monog. Pot. 36. Lehm. —
Monog. Pot. 55; Hook. Fl. Bor-Am. 1. 187. Torrey, Am. Journ. Sci. 1. 4. 64; FL
U.S. 499. Seringe, DC. Prodr. 2.581. Spreng. Syst. 2. 555. Beck, Bot. 107. Torr.
& Gray, Fl. 1. 438, excl. vars.5 &«. Eat. & Wr. 373. Walp. Rep. 2.32. Gray, §
Pl. Fendl. 42; Pac. R. Rep. 12. 43; Manual, 154. Parry, Pl. Minn. 612. Pl. Bour- —
geau, 256. Rothr. Fl. Alask. 445; Pl. Wheeler, 37. Regel & Herder, Bull. Soc,
Mose. 1. 474. Porter, Hayd. Rep. 1871, 481. Watson, Rev. Pot. 553; Pl. Wheeler,
8. Referred to P. sericea by Hook. f. in Arct. Pl. 290 & 325.

P. Missourica. Schrad. Ind. Sem. h. Geett. (Litt.-Ber. zu Linnea, 8. 26). Lindl.
Bot. Reg. 17, t. 1412. Don, Mill. 2. 557.

Var. strigosa. Pursh, 356. Lehm.ll cc. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 438. Engelm.
Pl. Upp. Miss. 191. Gray, Am. Journ. Sci. 2. 33. 411; Proc. Acad. Philad. 1863, 61.
Porter, Hayd. Rep. 1871, 481; Fl. Col. 86. Watson, Rev. Pot. 554.

Var. glabrata. Watson, l. ec.

P. sericea, var. glabrata. Lehm. in Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am. 1. 189; Rev. Pot. 54.
Don, Mill. 2.560. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 487. Torrey, Frem. Rep. 89. Seem. Bot.
Herald, 29.

P. Pennsylvanica. Hook. & Arn. Bot. Beechey, 123.

P. Pennsylvanica, var. strigosa. Watson, King’s Rep. 5. 86.

- Var. arachnoidea. Lehm. Nov. Stirp. Pug. 9. 41; Rev. Pot. 59.
P. Pennsylvanica, var. conferta. Gray, Pl. Fendl. 42.

Var. bipinnatifida. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 488. Torrey, Nicol. Rep. 149. Hook.

in Lond. Journ. Bot. 6. 220. Lehm. Rev. Pot. 60.

P. arguta. Lehm. Monog. Pot. 62, not Pursh. Cham. & Schlecht. in Linnea,
2.26. Spreng. Syst. 2. 584.

P. Pennsylvanica, var. arguta. Seringe, DC. Prodr. 2.581.

P. bipinnatifida. Dougl.; Hook. Fl. Bor-Am. 1.188. Don, Mill. 2. 558. Eat.
& Wr. 374.
P. Plattensis. Nutt.; Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 439. Walp. Rep. 2. 32. Dietr. 3. 187. —
Lehm. Rev. Pot. 28, t.6. Gray, Proc. Acad. Philad. 1868, 61. Watson, Rev. Pot.
556. Porter, Fl. Col. 36. Rothr. Pl. Wheeler, 37. Brew. & Wats. Bot. Calif. 179. i

P. sericea, var. B. Pl. Bourgeau, 256.

2 P. diversifolia, var. pinnatisecta. Watson, King’s Rep. 5. 87.
P. pulchella. R. Brown, Ross’s Voy. 142; Parry’s Ist Voy. 277 (Regensb. Flora, —
72, Beil. 87). Hook. in Parry’s 2d Voy. 395. Lehm. Monog. Pot. Suppl. 14, t. 7;
Nov. Stirp. Pug. 3.25; Hook. Fl. Bor-Am. 1.191; Rev. Pot. 36. Spreng. Syst. -
42,198. Seringe, DC. Prodr. 2. 582. Hornem. Fl. Dan. 13, t. 2234. Don, Mill. :
2.586. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1.439. Eat. & Wr. 374. Walp. Rep. 2. 33. Dietr.
3.185. Seem. Bot. Herald, 29. Lange, Pl. Groenl. 134. Durand, Pl. Kane. in
Journ. Acad. Philad. 1856, 190 (Kane’s Exped. 2. 453). Watson, Rey. Pot. 554.

P. sericea. Greville, Mem. Soc. Wern. 3. 430. Eat. & Wr. 374.

P. nivea, var. pulchella. Durand, Pl. Hayes, Proc. Acad. Philad. 1863, 94.

P. rivalis. Nutt.; Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1.437. Walp. Rep. 2.31; Ann. 2. 515. —
Dietr. 3.178. Lehm. Ind. Sem. h. Hamb. 1851, Add. 10 (Linnea, 25. 313); Otto,
Gartenz. 7. 350; Rev. Pot. 196,t. 61. Gray, Ives’s Rep. 11. Boland. Cat. 12.
Anderson, Cat. Pl. Nev. 120. Watson, Rev. Pot. 552. Porter, Fl. Col. 16. Rothr.
Pl. Wheeler, 37. Brew. & Wats. Bot. Calif. 1. 178.

-

Potentilla.] ROSACEZ. 301

Var. millegrana. Watson, Rev. Pot. 553. Torrey, Bot. Wilkes, 289. Brew. &
Wats. Bot. Calif. 178.

P. millegrana. Engelm.; Lehm. Ind. Sem. h. Hamb. 1849, Add. 11 (Ann. Sci.
Nat. 3. 12. 354); Nov. Stirp. Pug. 9. 22; Rev. Pot. 202. Walp. Ann. 2. 517. Wat-
son, King’s Rep. 5. 85. Porter, Hayd. Rep. 1871, 481 ; Coulter, same, 1872, 765.
‘Var. pentandra. Watson, Rev. Pot. 553.

P. pentandra. Engelm.; Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1.447. Walp. Rep. 2. 85. Dietr.
8. 184. Lehm. Nov. Stirp. Pug. 9. 75; Rev. Pot. 197, t. 62.

P. supina. Linn. Spec. 497. See syn. in Ledeb. Fl. Ross. 2. 35 ; Lehm. Rev. Pot.
193. — Michx. Fl. 1. 304. Pursh, 356. Torrey, Fl. U. S. 498; Ann. Lyc. N. Y.
2.197. Spreng. Syst. 2. 535. Seringe, DC. Prodr. 2. 580. Beck, Am. Journ. Sci.
1. 14.114; Bot. 107. Hook. Fl. Bor-Am. 1. 187; Comp. Bot. Mag. 1. 25. Eat. &
Wr. 373. Nees, Pl. Neuwied, 8. Maximowicz, Fl. Amur. 97. Pl. Bourgeau, 256.
Watson, Rey. Pot. 553.

P. paradora. Nutt.; Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1.437. Walp. Rep. 2.82. Torrey,
Nicol. Rep. 149; Mex. Bound. 64. Gray, Pl. Wright. 1. 68 & 2.55; Pac. R. Rep.
| 12.43; Manual, 154. Lehm. Nov. Stirp. Pug. 9.74; Rev. Pot. 194,t.62. En-
— gelm. Pl. Upp. Miss. 191. Paine, Cat. Pl. Oneida, 186. Buchan, Can. Naturalist,
| 14. 300. Macoun & Gibson, Trans. Bot. Soc. Edinb. 12. 324.

Var. Nicolletii. Watson, Rey. Pot. 553.

_ P. Thurberi. Gray, Pl. Thurb. 318. Lehm. Ind. Sem. h. Hamb. 1854, 10 (Ann.
Sci. Nat. 4. 2. 376); Otto’s Gartenz. 10. 459; Rey. Pot. 92. Torrey, Mex. Bound.
64. Walp. Ann. 7. 868. Watson, Rey. Pot. 561.

P. tridentata. Solander, Ait. Hort. Kew. 2. 216,t.9. See syn. in Lehm. Rev.
Pot. 22. — Vahl, Symb. 2. 59. Willd. Sp. 2.1110.. Michx. Fl. 1. 302. Poir. Dict.
5. 601. Persoon, 2. 56. Pursh, 353. Nestler, Monog. Pot. 66. Lehm. Monog. Pot.
190 ; Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am. 1. 195; Rev. Pot. 22. Richard. Frankl. Journ. 12. Bigel.
Fl. Bost. 2 ed. 204. Torrey, Fl. U. 8. 495; Fl. N. Y. 1.207. Spreng. Syst. 2. 514.
Seringe, DC. Prodr. 2. 585. Don, Mill. 2. 552. Beck, Bot. 106. Torr. & Gray,
Fl. 1. 445. Eat. & Wr. 372. Hook. f. in Journ. Linn. Soc. 5.83. Durand, Pl.
Kane. in Journ. Acad. Philad. 1856, 191 (Kane’s Exped. 2. 454). Lange, Pl. Groenl.
135. Chapman, 124. Pl. Bourgeau, 256. Matthew, Fl. Acad. 15. Gray, Manual,
124. Watson, Rev. Pot. 562.

P. retusa. Mueller, Fl. Dan. 5, t. 799. Hornem. Fl. Dan. 11, t.1875. Don,
Mill. 2. 550.

P. Wheeleri. Watson, Proc. Am. Acad. 11.148. Brew. & Wats. Bot. Calif.
1. 179. ,

P. arguta; glandulosa, Pennsylvanica. P. crocea ; maculata.
aurea; maculata. cuneata ; Horkelia Californica.
Bigelowiana ; arguta. .depauperata ; Ivesia depauperata.
bipinnatifida ; Pennsylvanica. diffusa ; Hippiana.
Blaschkeana ; gracilis. digitato-flabellata ; gracilis.
canescens ; humifusa. diversifolia ; dissecta, Plattensis.
Caroliniana ; Canadensis. Drummondii; dissecta.
chrysantha ; gracifis. Durandii; Fragaria Indica.
Comarum ; palustris. ° Egedii; Anserina.
concinna ; gracilis, humifusa. fastigiata ; gracilis.
congesta ; Horkelia congesta, Jerruginea; arguta.
confertiflora; arguta. Jissa; glandulosa.

302 ROSACEZ. [Potentilla. Poterium.

P. flabellifolia ; gelida. P. opaca ; maculata.

Eat. & Wr. 374.

Jlabelliformis ; gracilis.
Jloribunda ; fruticosa.

Jrigida & Fragaria ; emarginata.
glaucophylla ; dissecta.

Gordoni; Tvesia Gordoni.
gossypina ; effusa.

grandiflora ; fragiformis, gelida.
Grenlandica; emarginata.
hirsuta ; nivea, Norvegica.
Jamesoniana ; nivea.
Labradorica ; Norvegica.
leucophylla ; Hippiana.

lucida; fragiformis.
lycopodioides ; Ivesia Gordoni.
millegrana ; rivalis.

minima ; frigida.

Missourica ; Pennsylvanica.

Monspeliensis & Morisoni; Norvegica.

multijuga; Horkelia Californica.

nana; emarginata.

Newberry; Ivesia gracilis.

nivalis ; Geum Rossii.

nivea; emarginata, gracilis, pul-
chella.

Nuttallit & olopetala ; gracilis.

paradora ; supina.

Pennsylvanica ; arguta, Hippiana.

pentandra ; rivalis.

Pickeringii ; Ivesia Pickeringii.

procumbens ; nemoralis.

prostrata ; nivea.

pulchella ; humifusa.

pulcherrima ; Hippiana.

pumila ; Canadensis.

recta; gracilis.

retusa; tridentata.

rigida; gracilis.

rivalis ; glandulosa.

rubricaulis ; dissecta, Hippiana.

rupestris ; glandulosa.

Salisburgensis ; maculata.

santolinoides ; Ivesia santolinoides.

sarmentosa ; Canadensis.

sericea; Pennsylvanica, Plattensis,
pulchella.

simplex ; Canadensis.

Vahliana ; nivea.

verna; emarginata, maculata.

villosa ; fragiformis.

Wrangelliana ; glandulosa.

POTERIUM annuum. Nutt.; Hook. Fl. Bor-Am. 1.198. Don, Mill. 2. 598.
Benth. & Hook. Gen. Pl. 1. 624. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 8. 381.

Brew. & Wats. Bot. Calif. 1. 186.

Sanguisorba annua. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1.429. Walp. Rep. 2.44. Hook. in
Lond. Journ. Bot. 6.'218. Benth. Pl. Hartw. 309. Torrey, Marcy’s Rep. 285, t. 5;
Bot. Wilkes, 294.. Engelm. Pl. Upp. Miss. 191. Gray, Pac. R. Rep. 12. 43. Young,
Fl. Texas, 253.

Poteridium annuum. Spach, Ann. Sci. Nat. 3. 5. 43.

Sanguisorba myriophylla.. A. Braun & Bouché, Ind. Sem. h. Berol. 1867, App.
10 (Seem. Journ. Bot. 7. 203). ;

P,. Canadense. Benth. & Hook. Gen. Pl. 1. 624. Gray, Manual, 5 ed. 150.

Sanguisorba Canadensis. Winn. Spec. 117. Ait. Hort. Kew. 1. 156. Willd. Spee. —
1.654. Michx. Fl. 1. 100. Persoon, 1. 141. Poir. Dict. 6. 498. Pursh, 116.
Roem. & Schult. Syst. 3. 206. Elliott, 1. 206. Bigel. Fl. Bost. 2 ed. 62. ‘Torrey,
Fl. U. 8.176; Fl. N. Y. 1.205. Spreng. Syst. 1. 433. DC. Prodr. 2. 594. Hooke
Fl. Bor.-Am. 1. 198, excl. var. Don, Mill. 2. 594. Beck, Bot. 115. Spach, Hist.
Veg. 1. 486. Maund, Bot. Gard. 10, t. 442. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1.429, excl. var.
Dietr. 1. 439. Eat. & Wr. 410. Walp. Rep. 2. 44. Ledeb. Fl. Ross. 2. 28, excl.
var. Gray, Manual, 1 ed. 118. Seem. Bot. Herald, 29. Wood, Cl.-Book, 326.
Rothr. Fl. Alask. 445. Maximowicz, in Bull. Acad. Petersb. 19. 159 (Mélang.
Biol. 9. 151), excl. var. ‘

S. media. inn. Spec. 2 ed. 169. Ait. Hort. Kew. 1. 156. Lam. Til. 1. B44
Willd. Spee. 1. 654; Enum. 163. Persoon, 1. 141. Poir. Suppl. 6. 498. Pursh,
116. Roem. & Schult. Syst. 3. 206. Elliott, 1.206. Torrey, Fl. U. 8.176. Spreng. §

-

Poterium. Prunus.| ROSACEA.

eo
i
Qo

Syst. 1. 433. DC. Prodr. 2.594. Turpin, Dict. Sci. Nat. 47, 278, t. 240. Beck,
Bot. 115. Eat. & Wr. 411. Dietr. 1. 439. Chapman, 122.

P. officinale. Benth. & Hook. Gen. Pl. 1. 624. See syn. in Ledeb. Fl. Ross. 2. 27,
& Maxim. 1. c. 161 (under Sanguisorba) ; Hook. f. Arct. Pl. 290 & 826. — Gray, Proc.
Am. Acad. 7. 340 & 8. 381. Brew. & Wats. Bot. Calif. 1. 186.

Sanguisorba microcephala. Presl, Epimel. Bot. 202. Walp. Amn. 3. 855.
P. Sancursorsa, Linn. Hook. Fl. Bor-Am. 1. 198. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 429,
Eat. & Wr. 374. Wood, Cl.-Book, 826. Gray, Manual, 680.

P. Sitchense.

Sanguisorba Canadensis. Cham. & Schlecht. in Linnea, 2.382. Bongard, Veg.
Sitch. 133.

S. media. Wook. Fl. 1.197. Don, Mill. 2. 594. Presl, Epimel. Bot. 202.

S. Canadensis, var. latifolia. Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am. 1. 198. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 429.
Ledeb. FI. Ross. 2. 28.

S. Sitchensis. C. A. Meyer; Trautyv. & Meyer, Fl. Ochot. 34.

S. Canadensis, var. media. Maximowicz, l. c. 151.

PRUNUS Americana. Marshall, Arbust. 111. Darlington, Ann. Lye. N. Y.

3. 87, t.1; Fl. Cestr. 287. Beck, Bot. 95. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1.407; Pac. R.

Rep. 2.164. Eat. & Wr. 377. Torrey, Fl. N. Y. 1.194; Emory’s Rep. 403 ; Pace:
~_R. Rep. 4. 82. Emerson, Trees of Mass. 449. Hook. in Lond. Journ. Bot. 6. 217.
~ Roem. Syn. Monogr. 3.59. Gray, Pl. Fendl. 40; Manual, 148. Scheele, Roem.
| Texas, 430. Nutt. Sylva, 2.19,t.48. Richard. Arct. Exped. 424. Parry, PI.
Minn. 6rr. Engelm. Pl. Upp. Miss. 190. Curtis, Bot. N. Car. 56. Lesqx. Fl.
Ark. 358. Chapman, 119. Pl. Bourgeau, 256. Porter, Fl. Col. 33.

2 P. Mississippi. Marshall, Arbust. 112.

P. spinosa. Walter, 146.

P. nigra. Ait. Hort. Kew. 2.165. Willd. Spec. 2.998. Poir. Dict. 5. 674.
Persoon, 2. 35. Sims, Bot. Mag. t.1117. Pursh, 331. Torrey, Fl. U. S. 469.
Spreng. Syst. 2.477. Roem. Syn. Monog. 3. 59.

Cerasus nigra. Loisel. in Nouv. Duham. 5. 32. Seringe, DC. Prodr. 2. 538.
Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am. 1. 167 ; Comp. Bot. Mag. 1. 24. Don, Mill. 2. 518. Beck, Bot.
96. Spach, Hist. Veg. 1. 399. Loud. Arb. 2. 704, f. 411, 412.

P. hiemalis. Elliott, 1. 542.

Var. mollis. Torr. & Gray, FI. 1. 307.

? P. Canadensis. Linn. Spec. 2 ed. 678. Willd. Spec. 2. 986. Poir. Dict. 5. 665.
Persoon, 2. 34. Pursh, 530. Torrey, Fl. U.S. 468. Dietr. 3.42. Suppressed by
Torr. & Gray, FI. 1. 408.

P. hiemalis. Michx. Fl. 1. 284. Poir. Dict. 5. 679. Persoon, 2. 85. Loisel. in
Nouv. Duham. 5. 184. Spreng. Syst. 2.477. Spach, Hist. Veg. 1.598. Roem.
Syn. Monog. 3. 59.

Cerasus Canadensis. Loisel. in Nouv. Duham. 5. 8. Seringe, DC. Prodr. 2. 539.
Don, Mill. 2.515. Beck, Bot. 97. Spach, Hist. Veg. 1.417. Eat. & Wr. 189.
Loud. Arb. 2. 7138.

P. mollis. Torrey, Fl. U. S. 470. Beck, Bot. 95.

Cerasus hiemalis. — Seringe, DC. Prodr. 2.538. Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am. 1. 168. Beck,
Bot. 96. Loud. Arb. 2. 704... Don, Mill. 2. 504.

Cerasus Americana. Hook. Comp. Bot. Mag. 1. 24.

Padus Canadensis. Roem. Syn. Monog. 3. 88.

P. Andersoni. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 7. 337 & 10.70. Anderson, Cat. Pl. Nev.
120. Watson, King’s Rep. 5. 79. Brew. & Wats. Bot. Calif. 1. 168.

304 ROSACEZ. [Prunus,

P. Capollin. Zucc. Abhandl. Acad. Miinch. 2. 345, t.8 Roem. Syn. Monog.
3. 87. Torrey, Mex. Bound. 62.

P. Capuli. Cav.; Spreng. Syst. 2. 477. Schlecht. in Linnea, 13. 89 & 404.

Cerasus Capollin.. DC. Prodr. 2. 539. Benth. Pl. Hartw. 10. Torr. & Gray,
Fl. 1. 412. Gray, Pl. Wright. 2. 54. .
_ Cerasus Capuli. Seringe, DC. Prodr. 2, 541. Don, Mill. 2.516. Spach, Hist. —
Veg. 1. 422. 4
P. Caroliniana. Ait. Hort. Kew. 2.163. Willd. Spec. 2. 987. Poir. Dict. 5. 667.
Persoon, 2.34. Spreng. Neue Entdeck. 1. 304; Syst. 2. 478. Elliott, 1. 540.
Audubon, Birds, t. 159 & 190. Schlecht. in Linnea, 13. 89. Dietr. 3.43. Cur-
tis, Bot. N. Car. 57. Chapman, 120. Wood, Bot. & Fl. 103. Gray, Hall’s Pl.
Texas, 9.

P. Carolina. Mill.; DuRoi, Harbk. 2. 198.

P. serratifolia. Marshall, Arbust. 114.

P. Lusitanica. Walter, 146.

Cerasus Caroliniana. Michx. Fl. 1. 285. Loisel. in Nouv. Duham. 5. 5. Michx. —
f. Arb. Am. 3. 156, t. 7. Seringe, DC. Prodr. 2. 540. Don, Mill. 2.516. Spach,
_ Hist. Veg. 1.420. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1.411. Eat. & Wr. 190. Loud. Arb. 2. 720;
£.423. Wood, Cl.-Book, 526.

Bumelia serrata. Pursh, 155.

Leptocarpa Caroliniana. Nutt. Sylva, 2. 18.

Chimanthus amygdalinus. Raf. Fl. Lud. 159.

Laurocerasus Caroliniana. Roem. Syn. Monog. 8. 90.

P. Chicasa. Michx. Fl. 1. 284. Poir. Dict. 5. 680. Persoon, 2. 35. Loisel. in
Nouv. Duham. 5. 183. Elliott, 1. 542. James, Cat. 182. Torrey, Ann. Lyc. N. Y.
2.194; Pac. R. Rep. 4. 82. Spreng. Syst. 2.476. Audubon, Birds, t. 53. Spach,
Hist. Veg. 1.897. Darling. Fl. Cestr. 287. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 407, excl. var.55
Pac. R. Rep. 2. 164. Eat. & Wr. 377. Roem. Syn. Monog. 3. 58. Curtis, Bot.
N. Car. 56. Chapman, 119. Gray, Manual, 148; Hall’s Pl. Texas, 9. Porter, Fl.
Col. 33.

P. angustifolia. Marshall, Arbust. 111.

P. insititia. Walter, 146.

Cerasus Chicasa. Seringe, DC. Prodr. 2. 5388. Hook. Fl. Bor-Am. 1. 168; —
Comp. Bot. Mag. 1. 24. Don, Mill. 2. 514. Loud. Arb. 2. 705. ;

P. demissa. Walp. Rep. 2.10. Dictr. 3.48. Benth. Pl. Hartw. 307. Torrey, —
Mex. Bound. 63. Watson, King’s Rep. 5. 80; Pl. Wheeler, 8. Porter, Hayd. Rep. —
1871, 481. Coulter, same, 1872, 764. Rothr. Pl. Wheeler, 37. Brandegee, Fl. 8.
W. Col. 236. Brew. & Wats. Bot. Calif. 1. 167.
Cerasus serotina. Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am. 1. 169, in part.
Cerasus demissa. Nutt.; Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1.411. Gray, Pl. Fendl. 40. Du-
rand, Pl. Pratten. 87. Torrey, Pac. R. Rep. 4. 83. Newberry, same, 6. 73. Cooper, —
same, 12. 59.
Padus demissa. Roem. Syn. Monog. 8. 87. j
Prunus Virginiana, var. demissa. Torrey, Bot. Wilkes, 284. Gray, Proc. Am.
Acad. 8. 381.

P. pomestica, Linn. Gray, Pl. Fendl. 4o.

P. emarginata. Walp. Rep. 2.9. Dietr. 3. 42. Trond Arb. 2. 714. Anderson, —
Cat. Pl. Nev. 120. Watson, King’s Rep. 5.79. Torrey, Bot. Wilkes, 284. Brew. |
& Wats. Bot. Calif. 1. 167.

Cerasus emarginata. Dougl.; Hook. Fl. Bor-Am. 1. 169. Don, Mill. 2. 516. _

_

Prunus.] ROSACEZ. 305

Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1.410. Eat. & Wr. 189. Roem. Syn. Monog. 3.79. Torrey,
Pac. R. Rep. 4. 83. Boland. Proc. Calif. Acad. 8. 79.

Cerasus erecta. Presl, Epimel. Bot. 194. Walp. Ann. 3. 854.

Cerasus glandulosa. Kellogg, Proc. Calif. Acad. 1. 59.

Var. mollis. Brewer, Bot. Calif. 1. 167.

Cerasus mollis. Dougl.; Hook. Fl. Bor-Am. 1.169; Lond. Journ. Bot. 6. 217.
Don, Mill. 2.515. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1.410. Eat. & Wr. 189. Loud. Arb. 2. 714.
Roem. Syn. Monog. 3.79. Nutt. Sylva, 2. 14,t.46. Richard. Arct. Exped. 425.
Newberry, Pac. R. Rep. 6. 73. Cooper, same, 12. 29 & 59; Am. Naturalist, 3. 406.
Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 8. 381.

P. mollis. Walp. Rep. 2.9. Dietr. 3. 42. Torrey, Bot. Wilkes, 284.

P. fasciculata. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 10.70 & 71. Parry, Am. Naturalist,
9.270. Brew. & Wats. Bot. Calif. 1. 168.

Emplectocladus fasciculatus. Torrey, Pl. Frem. 10, t. 5 (Regensb. Flora, 86. 705) ;
Proc. Am. Assoc. 4.192. Walp. Ann. 4. 656. Gray, Ives’s Rep. 11. Benth. &
Hook. Gen. Pl. 1. 614.

P. minutiflora. Watson, King’s Rep. 5. 420.

P. glandulosa. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 408 & 696. Engelm. & Gray, Pl. Lindh. 35.
Roem. Syn. Monog. 3. 36. Gray, Pl. Lindh. 186; Hall’s Pl. Texas, 9; Proc. Am.
Acad. 10. 71. Young, Fl. Texas, 252.

Amygdalus glandulosa. Hook. Icon. t. 288. Walp. Rep. 2.8. Roem. Syn.
Monog. 3. 14.

P. Texana. Dietr. 3. 45.

P. gracilis. Engelm. & Gray, Pl. Lindh. 35. Torrey, Pac. R. Rep. 4. 83. Gray,
Hall’s Pl. Texas, 9.

P. Chicasa, var. (2?) normalis. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1.407. Roem. Syn. Monog.
3. 58.

P. ilicifolia. Walp. Rep. 2.10. Dictr. 3.48. Torrey, Mex. Bound. 63; Bot.
Wilkes, 285. Boland. Cat. 10. Brew. & Wats. Bot. Calif. 1. 285.

Cerasus ilicifolia. Nutt.; Hook. & Arn. Bot. Beechey, 340, t. 83. Torr. &
Gray, Fl. 1.411. Torrey, Emory’s Rep. 139; Pac. R. Rep. 4.83. _Nutt. Sylva,
2.16, t.47. Paxton, Fl. Gard. 3. 44, £ 254. Boland. Proc. Calif. Acad. 3. 79 &
4,22. Garden, 1873, 131, fig.

Laurocerasus ilicifolia. Roem. Syn. Monog. 3. 92.
P. maritima. Wangenh. Amer. 103. Marsh. Arbust. 112. Willd. Enum. 1. 519.
Pursh, 332. Poir. Suppl. 4. 584. Elliott, 1.543. Torrey, Fl. U. 8. 470; FI. N. Y.
1.194. Spreng. Syst. 2. 476. Seringe, DC. Prodr. 2. 533. Don, Mill. 2. 499. Beck,
Bot. 95. Spach, Hist. Veg. 1.397. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1.408. Eat. & Wr. 377.
Loud. Arb. 2. 691. Emerson, Trees of Mass. 449. Roem. Syn. Monog. 3. 57.
Gray, Manual, 148.

P. cerasifera. Ehrhart, Beitr. 4.17. Willd. Arb. 250; Spec. 2. 997. Persoon,
2.55. Spreng. Syst. 2. 476.

P. spheerocarpa. Michx. Fl. 1. 284. Poir. Dict. 5. 666. | Persoon, 2. 35. Loisel.
in Nouy. Duham. 5. 183.

P. pubescens. Pursh, 331. Poir. Suppl. 4. 583. Torrey, Fl. U.S. 469. Spreng.
Syst. 2.477. Eat. & Wr. 189: Roem. Syn. Monog. 3. 57.

P. littoralis. Bigelow, F1. Bost. 2 ed. 193.

Cerasus pubescens. Seringe, DC. Prodr. 2. 538. Don, Mill. 2. 514. Beck, Bot.
96. Loud. Arb. 2. 705.

Cerasus cerasifera & littoralis. Eat. & Wr. 189.

20

506 ROSACEZ. [Prunus.

Var. 8. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 408. Torrey, Fl. N. Y. 1. 195.

2 P. declinata. Marshall, Arbust. 112.

P. pygmea. Willd. Arb. 248; Spec. 2.993; Enum. 1.518. Poir. Dict. 5. 674,
Persoon, 2. 35. Pursh, 331. Torrey, Fl. U. S. 469. Spreng. Syst. 2.477. Spach,
Hist. Veg. 1. 899. Roem. Syn. Monog. 3. 60. i

P. acuminata. Michx. Fl. 1. 284. Poir. Dict. 5. 680. Persoon, 2. 35. Loisel.
in Nouv. Duham. 5. 183. Seringe, DC. Prodr. 2. 533. Don, Mill. 2.499. Roem.
Syn. Monog. 3. 60.

Cerasus pygmea. oisel. in Nouy. Duham. 5. 82. Seringe, DC. Prodr. 2. 538. _
Don, Mill. 2.513. Beck, Bot. 96. Eat. & Wr.189. Loud. Arb. 2. 704.

¢ P. reclinata: Bose.; Spach, Hist. Veg. 1. 398. Roem. Syn. Monog. 38. 58.

P. minutiflora. Engelm, in Gray, Pl. Lindh. 185. Torrey, Mex. Bound. 63.
Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 10. 71.

Cerasus minutiflora. Gray, Pl. Wright. 1. 68 & 2.54. Bigelow, Pac. R. Rep. —
4.14. Torrey, same, 4. 83.

P. Pennsylvanica. Linn. f. Suppl. 252. Willd. Arb. 248; Spec. 2. 992. Poir.
Dict. 5. 673. Persoon, 2. 35. Loisel. in Nouy. Duham. 5.9. Ait. f. Hort. Kew. 2. 165.
Pursh, 331. Torrey, Fl. U. 8. 468. Spreng. Syst. 2.477. Beck, Am. Journ. Sei.
14.112. Dietr. 3. 42. Curtis, Bot. N. Car. 57. Chapman, 120. Gray, Proc. Acad.
Philad. 1863, 61; Manual, 148. Porter, Fl. Col. 33. Emerson, Trees of Mass.
2 ed. 2. 513.
? P. montana. Marshall, Arbust. 113.
P. lanceolata. Willd. Arb. 240, t. 3, £. 3.
Cerasus borealis. Michx. Fl. 1. 286. Loisel. in Nouv. Duham. 5. 32. Michx. f.
Arbr. Amer. 3. 159, t. 8. Seringe, DC. Prodr. 2. 538. Don, Mill. 2. 518. Beck,
Bot. 97. Loud. Arb. 2..703, f. 410. Roem. Syn. Monog. 3. 78.
P. borealis. Poir. Dict. 5. 674. Pursh, 538. Bigel. Fl. Bost. 2 ed. 193. Lodd.
Bot. Cab. t. 1598.
2 P. cerasifolia. Desf. Arb. 2. 205.
2 Cerasus persicifolia. Loisel. in Nouv. Duham. 5. 9. Seringe, DC. Prodr. 2. 537.
Don, Mill. 2. 512. Spach, Hist. Veg. 1. 411. Roem. Syn. Monog. 3. 81.
Cerasus Pennsylvanica. Seringe, DC. Prodr. 2. 539. Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am. 1. 168.
Don, Mill. 2. 514. Beck, Bot. 97. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1.409. Eat. & Wr. 189%
Torrey, Fl. N. Y. 1.196. Loud. Arb. 2. 705. Emerson, Trees of Mass. 451. Roem,
Syn. Monog. 3.57. Gray, Manual, 1 ed. 115. Nutt. Sylva, 2.15. Richard. Arct,
Exped. 425. Pl. Bourgeau, 256.

P. pumila. Linn. Mant. 75, excl. syn. DuRoi, Obs. Bot. 11. Ait. Hort. Kew
2.164. Willd. Spec. 2. 990. Poir. Dict. 5. 675. Persoon, 2. 34. _Loisel. in Nouv.
Duham. 5.31. Pursh, 331. Torrey, Fl. U. S. 469. Guimp. Otto & Hayne, t. 119,
Spreng. Syst. 2.477. Spach, Hist. Veg. 1. 400. Dietr. 3.44. Emerson, Trees of
Mass. 2 ed. 2. 515. Engelm. Pl. Upp. Miss. 190. Gray, Manual, 148.
Cerasus pumila. Michx. Fl. 1. 286. Seringe, DC. Prodr. 2.537. Hook. Fl. Bor.
Am. 1. 167. Don, Mill. 2. 518. Beck, Bot. 96. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1.409. Eat. &
Wr. 189. Torrey, Fl. N. Y. 1. 195; Nicol. Rep. 149. Loud. Arb. 2. 703. Emersonj
Trees of Mass. 453. Roem. Syn. Monog. 3.72. Gray, Manual, 1 ed. 115. Rich-
ard, Arct. Exp. 424 & 425. Pl. Bourgeau, 256.
Cerasus glauca. Moench, Meth. 672.
P. Susquehanne. Willd. Arb. 2 ed. 286; Enum. 519. Spach, Hist. Veg. 1. 399.
P. depressa. Pursh, 382. Poir. Suppl. 4. 584. Nutt. Genera, 1. 302. Bigelow,
Fl. Bost. 2 ed. 1938. Torrey, Fl. U. S. 470. Spreng. Syst. 2.477. Lodd. Bot. Cab.
t. 1607.

Prunus.] ROSACEZ. 307

P. cuneata. Raf. Ann. Nat. 11.

P. incana. Schweinitz, Long’s Exped. 2, Appx. 113.

Cerasus Susquehanne. Eat. & Wr. 189.

Cerasus depressa. Seringe, DC. Prodr. 2. 538. Hook. Fl. Bor-Am. 1.168. Don,
Mill. 2.514. Beck, Bot. 96. Eat. & Wr. 189. Loud. Arb. 2. 704. Roem. Syn.
Monog. 3. 58.

P. rivularis. Scheele, Linnea, 21. 594; Roem. Texas, 4.30. Gray, Pl. Lindh.
186; Pl. Wright, 1.67; Hall’s Pl. Texas, 9. Walp. Ann. 2. 465.

P. Texana. Scheele, Linnea, 21. 593.

P. serotina. Ehrh. Beitr. 3.20. Willd. Arb. 239, t.5,f 2; Spec. 2.986. Per-
soon, 2. 34. . Ait. f. Hort. Kew. 3.196. Guimp. Otto & Hayne, t. 37. Spreng.
Syst. 2.478. Nees, Pl. Neuwied, 9. Emerson, Trees of Mass. 2 ed. 2. 515, t.
Engelm. Pl. Upp. Miss. 190. Curtis, Bot. N. Car. 66. Hook. f. Arct. Pl. 327.
Lesqx. Fl. Ark. 358. Chapman, 120. Gray, Manual, 149; Hall’s Pl. Texas, 9.
Torrey, Bot. Wilkes, 284. Brew. & Wats. Bot. Calif. 167.

P. Virginiana. Mill. Dict., not Linn. Dufoi, Obs. Bot. 12; Harbk. 2. 191.
Wangenh. Amer. t. 14, f. 33. Medicus, Bot. Beobacht. 1782, 345. Marsh. Arbust.
112. Walter, 146. Ait. Hort. Kew. 2. 163. Poir. Dict. 5. 664. Pursh, 329. Bigel.
Fl. Bost. 118. Elliott, 1.540. Torrey, Fl. U. S. 467.

2 Padus oblonga. Moench, Meth. 671.

Cerasus Virginiana. Michx. Fl. 1. 285. Michx. f. Arbr. Am. 3. 151, t. 6. Hook.
Fl. Bor.-Am. 1. 169, excl. syn. Don, Mill. 2.515. Beck, Bot. 97. Darling. Fl.
Cestr. 289. Loud. Arb. 2. 710, f. 418.

Cerasus serotina. Loisel. in Nouv. Duham. 5.3. Seringe, DC. Prodr. 2. 540.
Spach, Hist. Veg. 1.416. Torr. & Gray, Fl.1.410. Eat. & Wr. 189. Torrey,
Fl. N. Y. 1. 196; Pac. R. Rep. 7. 11. Loud. Arb. 2. 712, t. 118 & f. 419. Emerson,
Trees of Mass. 455. Gray, Manual, 1 ed. 115; Pl. Lindh. 186. Richard. Arct.
Exp. 425. Bolander, Proc. Calif. Acad. 3. 79.

P. cartilaginea. Lehm. Ind. Sem. Hamb. 1835 (Litt.-Ber. zu Linnea, 10. 76).

Padus serotina. Agardh, Theor. Syst. t. 14, f. 8 (fr.).

Padus Virginiana & cartilaginea. Roem. Syn. Monog. 3. 86.

P. sprnosa, Linn. Pursh, 555. Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am. 1. 167. Beck, Bot. 95. Torr.
& Gray, Fl. 1. 408. Curtis, Bot. N. Car. 56. Gray, Manual, 148.

Var. INSITITIA. Gray, Manual, 148.
P. insititia, Linn. Emerson, Trees of Mass. 450. Gray, Manual, 1 ed. 115.
Wood, Cl.-Book, 328.
P. subcordata. Benth. Pl. Hartw. 508. Torrey, Pac. R. Rep. 4. 82; Mex.
Bound. 63. Newberry, Pac. R. Rep. 6.73. Brew. & Wats. Bot. Calif. 1. 167.

P. umbellata. Elliott, 1.541. Dietr. 3.44. Chapman, 119. Wood, Cl.-Book,
328; Bot. & FI. 102.

P. pumila. Walter, 146.

Cerasus umbellata. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1.409. Eat. & Wr. 190. Roem. Syn.
Monog. 3. 78.
P. Virginiana. Linn. Spec. 473, excl. syn. Willd. Spec. 2. 985. Persoon, 2. 34.
Guimp. Otto & Hayne, t. 36. Spreng. Syst. 2.478: Dietr. 3.42. Emierson, Trees
of Mass. 2 ed. 2. 518, t. Torrey, Mex. Bound. 62. Hook. f. Arct. Pl. 290. Chap-
man, 120. Gray, Am. Journ. Sci. 2. 33. 411; Manual, 148._ Challis, in Am. Nat-
uralist, 2. 324, Watson, King’s Rep. 5. 80. Porter, Fl. Col. 33. Brew. & Wats.
Bot. Calif. 1. 167.

P. Canadensis. Marshall, Arbust. 113.

308 ROSACEA. [Prunus. |

P. rubra. Ait. Hort. Kew. 2. 162. Willd. Arb. 288, t.5,f.1. Guimp. Otto &
Hayne, t. 78.

P. serotina. Poir. Dict. 5. 665. Pursh, 350. Elliott, 1.541. Torrey, Fl. N. Y.
1. 467.

2 P. hirsuta. Elliott, 1. 541.

P. obovata. Bigel. Fl. Bost. 2 ed. 192.

Cerasus Virginiana. Loisel. in Nouy. Duham. 5.3. James, Long’s Exp. 3. 12. _
_ Seringe, DC. Prodr. 2. 539. Spach, Hist. Veg. 1.414. Lindl. Fl Med. 232. Dar-
ling. Fl. Cestr. 289. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1.410. Eat. & Wr. 189. Torrey, Fl. N. Y2
1.196; Nicol. Rep. 149; Frem. Rep. 89; Emory’s Rep. 408; Pac. R. Rep. 4. 83.
Emerson, Trees of Mass. 456. Gray, Manual, 1 ed. 115; Pac. R. Rep. 12. 42.
Richard. Arct. Exp. 42. Engelm. Pl. Upp. Miss. 190. Cooper, Pac. R. Rep:
12.30; Am. Naturalist, 3.406. Pl. Bourgeau, 256. Boland. Proc. Calif. Acad,
4,22; Cat. 10. Porter, Hayd. Rep. 1870, 475.

Cerasus serotina. Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am. 1. 169, excl. syn. Don, Mill. 2. 515.
Beck, Bot. 97.

Cerasus obovata. Beck, Bot. 97. Eat. & Wr. 189.

Cerasus hirsuta. Spach, Hist. Veg. 1.417. Eat. & Wr. 190.

P. densiflora & fimbriata. Spach, Hist. Veg. 1. 414.

Cerasus ‘Duerinckii. Martens, Sel. Sem. h. Lovan. 1840 (Litt.-Ber. zu Linnea,
1841, 99); Bull. Brux. 8. 68.

P. Duerinckit. Walp. Rep. 2. 10.

Padus serotina, rubra, hirsuta, obovata, densiflora & fimbriata. Roem. 1. ec.

Var. 8. Torr. & Gray, FI. 1. 410.

P. nana. DuRoi, Obs. Bot. 12.

Cerasus micrantha. Spach, Hist. Veg. 1. 414.

Padus micrantha. Roem. Syn. Monog. 3. 84.

Var. Gray, Pl. Wright. 2. 54.
Cerasus Virginiana. Gray, Pl. Fendl. 4o.

P. Armenraca, Linn.
Armeniaca vulgaris, Lam. Gray, Pl. Fendl. 4o.

P. acuminata ; maritima.
angustifolia ; Chicasa.
borealis ; Pennsylvanica.
Canadensis; Americana, Virginiana.

P. littoralis ; maritima.
Lusitanica ; Caroliniana.
minutiflora ; fasciculata.
Mississippi ; Americana.

Capuli ; Capollin.
cartilaginea ; serotina.
cerasifera ; maritima.
cerasifolia ; Pennsylvanica.
Chicasa; gracilis.

cuneata ; pumila.
declinata ; maritima.
densiflora; Virginiana.
depressa ; pumila.

Duerinckii & fimbriata ; Virginiana.

hiemalis ; Americana.
hirsuta ; Virginiana.
meana; pumila.

insititia ; Chicasa, spinosa.
lanceolata ; Pennsylvanica.

mollis ; emarginata.

montana; Pennsylvanica.
nana; Virginiana.

nigra; Americana.

obovata ; Virginiana.

pubescens ; maritima.

pumila ; wmbellata.

pygmea & reclinata ; maritima.
rubra & serotina ; Virginiana.
serratifolia ; Caroliniana.
spherocarpa ; maritima.
spinosa ; Americana.
Susquehanne ; pumila.*
Texana; glandulosa, rivularis.
Virginiana ; demissa, serotina.

-

Purshia. Rosa.| ROSACEZ. 309

PURSHIA tridentata. DC. in Trans. Linn. Soe. 12. 157; Prodr. 2. 541. Hook.
Fl. Bor.-Am. 1. 170, t. 58; Lond. Journ. Bot. 6. ae nee: Bot. Reg. 17, t. 1446.
Don, Mill. 2.517. Nutt. in Journ. Acad. Philad. 7.20. Spach, Hist. Weg! 1. 429.
Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1.428. Eat. & Wr. 381. Loud. on 2. 721, f. 424,425. Tor-
rey, Frem. Rep. 89 & 314; Bot. Wilkes, 287. Cooper, Pac. R. Rep. 12.17. Gray,
Ives’s Rep. 11; Proce. Acad: Philad. 1863, 61. Baillon, Pl. Hist. 1. 380. Anderson,
Cat. Pl. Nev. 120. Watson, King’s Rep. 5. 82; Pl. Wheeler, 8. Porter, Fl. Col.
34. Brew. & Wats. Bot. Calif. 1.173.
Tigarea tridentata. Pursh, 338, t.15. Nutt. Genera, 1. 302. Dietr. 5. 47.

ROSA acicularis. Lindl. Ros. Monog. 44, t. 8. See syn. in C. A. Meyer, Zimmt-
rosen, 15; Crépin, Prim. Monog. Ros. 299; Regel, Ros. Monogr. 18. —

Var. Bourgeauiana. Crépin,1.c.386 & 890. Referred to var. Gmelini, Meyer,

by Regel, 1. c.

R. blanda. Richard. Frankl. Journ. Appx. 11. Borrer in Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am.
1. 199, in part ?

R. Sayi. Schweinitz, in Keating, Long’s Exped. 2, Appx. 115. Eaton, Manual,
5 ed. 367. Eat. & Wr. 398

@ R. majalis. Borrer, 1. ec. 201; fide Crépin, 1. ec. 458. Eat. & Wr. 398.

R. cinnamomea, var. B. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 459.

R. Bourgeauiana. Crépin, |. c. 303.

|R. blanda. Ait. Hort. Kew. 2. 202. Jacq. Fragm. Bot. 70, t.105. Willd. Be
2.1065; Enum. 554. Poir. Dict. 6.290. Persoon, 2.47. Nouv. Duham. 7, 2
Smith, Rees Cye. Raf. Ros. Am. in Ann. Sci. Phys. 5.216. Tratt. Ros. 2 “IL
Spreng. Syst. 2.548. Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am. 1. 199, in part. Don, Mill. 2.566. Torr.
| & Gray, Fl. 1.459. Eat. & Wr. 397. Torrey, Fl. N. Y. 1.219; Frem. Rep. 89 2
Dietr. 3.195. Meyer, Zimmtros. 5 & 12. Richard. Arct. Exped. 427. Parry, PI.
Minn. 612. Seem. Bot. Herald, 29. Engelm. Pl. Upp. Miss. 191. Gray, Pac. R.
) Rep. 12. 43; Manual, 159. Hook. f. Arct. Pl. 290 & 327. Pl. Bourgeau, 256, in
| part. Traill, Canad. Fl. 63, t. 7. Porter, Hayd. Rep. 1870, 4752 Crépin, Prim.
Monog. Ros. 174, 386 & 395. Regel, Ros. Monogr. 15.

R. fraxinifolia. Gmel. Fl. Bad. 2.413. Lindl. Ros. 26; Bot. Reg. 6, t. 458.
Spreng. Syst. 2. 548. Seringe, DC. Prodr. 2. 606. Don, Mill. 2 . 566. Spach, Hist.
Veg. 2.18. Loud. Arb. 2. 754, f. 480. Coulter, Hayd. Rep. 1872, 765. Porter,
Fl. Col. 38.

R. Pennsylvanica. Michx. FI. 1. 296, in part.

% R.nivea. Raf. Ann. Sci. Phys. 5. 218. Crépin, 1. c. 380. Dietr. 3. 198.

R. Woodsii. Lindl. Ros. 21; Bot. Reg. 12, t. 976. Spreng. Neue Entdeck.
244; Syst. 2.547. Tratt. Rese . 167. Seringe, DC. Prodr. 2. 604. Don, Mill.
566. Spach, Hist. Veg. 2.19. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 460. Eat. & Wr. 398. Dietr.
195. Loud. Arb. 2. 753. Meyer, Zimmtros. 17.

R. cinnamomea, var. blanda. Thory, Redout. Ros. 1. 134.

2 R. Rafinesqui. Seringe, DC. Prodr. 2. 611. Don, Mill. 2. 671.

% R. levigata. Borrer, Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am. 1. 200.

R. parviflora, var. inermis. HH. H. Eaton, Transyl. Journ. Med. 1832

R. blanda, var. glabra. Crépin, 1. ¢. 394.

3.
2:
3.

Var. pubescens. Crépin, 1. c. 394.

KR. blanda. Wind. Ros. 25

R. gemella. Willd. Enum. 544, mainly; fide Crépin, 1. c. 189, 457. Pursh, 344.
| Poir. Suppl. 4. 711. Raf. Ann. Sci. eve: 5; 216. Lindl. Ros. 184. Elliott, 1. 364.
Tratt. Ros. 2.161. Torrey, Fl. U. 8. 485. Spreng. Syst. 2. 547. Beck, Bot. 110.
Eat. & Wr. 397.

310 ROSACEA. (Rosa.

2 R. dasistema. Raf.1. c. 219. Seringe, 1. c. 623. Don, 1. c. 586. Dietr. 8. 204,
Crépin, 1. ¢. 380. 3

R. Solandri. Tratt. Ros. 2. 150.

R. cinnamomea, var. glabella. Seringe, DC. Prodr. 2. 605.

Var. setigera. Crépin,1.c. 394. |
R. Woodsii, yar. Borrer, Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am. 1. 199.
R. stricta, var. 8. Borrer, l. c. 200. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 461.
2 R. blanda. Torrey, Nicol. Rep. 149.
Rh. blanda, var. B. Gray, Pl. Fendl. 42 4; Pl. Wright. 1. 68, & 2.55% Torrey, |
Sitgr. Rep. 159.
R. Arkansana. Porter, Fl. Colorado, 88. Rothr. Pl. Wheeler, 37. So referred
by Crépin, 1. c. 597.
R. stricta. Macoun & Gibson, Trans. Bot. Soc. Edinb. 12. 324. — The R. stricta
of Donn, Muhl., Lindl., & others (as well as the R. lutescens of Pursh, R. Americana,
Waitz, and R. pendulina of authors), appears to belong wholly to the foreign
R. pimpinellifolia or R. alpina, according to Crépin, 1. ce. 152, 457 & 459.

R. pracreata, Wendl. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 462. Wood, Cl.-Book, 384,

R. Californica. Cham. & Schlecht. in Linnea, 2. 85. Don, Mill. 2. 569. Torr. &
Gray, Fl. 1. 462. Walp. Rep. 2.12. Dietr.3.197. Benth. Bot. Sulph. 14; Pk
Hartw. 309. Meyer, Zimmtros. 18. Presl, Epimel. Bot. 202. Gray, Proc. Am.
Acad. 8. 882. Brew. & Wats. Bot. Calif. 1.187. Crépin, Prim. Monog. Ros. 410, ©
with vars. To R. Carolina mainly, by Regel, Ros. Monogr. 77. ;

R. blanda. Hook. & Arn. Bot. Beechey, 339. Durand, Pl. Pratten. 87. Tor.
rey, Pac. R. Rep. 4. 85 & 7. 11; Mex. Bound. 64. Boland. Proc. Calif. Acad. 8. 80;
Cat. 11.

R. fraxinifolia. Dur. & Hilg. in Pac. R. Rep. 5. 7.

Var. pubescens. Crépin, 1. c. 413.
R. cinnamomea, var. Benth. Pl. Hartw. 309.
R. cinnamomea. Torrey, Pac. R. Rep. 7. 11.
R. Californica. Regel, Ros. Monogr. 79.

Var. glandulosa. Crépin, 1. c.
R. Californica, var. Petersiana. Meyer, Zimmtros. 19.

Var. ultramontana. Watson, Bot. Calif. 187.

R. foliolosa, var. leiocarpa. Torrey, Frem. Rep. 89.

2 R. Maximiliani. Nees, Pl. Neuwied, 8.

R. Woodsii. Gray, Pl. Fendl. 42.

R. blanda, Gray, Pl. Fendl. 42; Am. Journ. Sci. 2. 33. 411. Durand, Fl. Utah,
163. Anderson, Cat. Pl. Nev. 120. Porter, Fl. Col. 38. Watson, King’s Rep. 5. 91
Coulter, Hayd. Rep. 1872, 765. Rothr. Pl. Wheeler, 37.

R. foliolosa. Torrey, Pac. R. Rep. 4. 85.

RR. gymnocarpa. Porter, Hayd. Rep. 1870, 475.

@ R. Californica. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 8. 382. Watson, Pl. Wheeler, 8.

R. Fendleri. Crépin, 1. ¢. 452. ;

R. cinnamomea, var. Dahurica. Regel,1. ec. 41, in part.

R. canina, Linn. Tuckerman, Josselyn’s Rarities, 120. Gray, Manual, 680.

R. Carolina. Linn. Spec. 2 ed. 703. DuRoi, Obs. Bot. 21. Wangenh. Amer.
112, t. 31, f.'71. Ait. Hort. Kew. 2. 203. Willd. Spec. 2. 1069. Persoon, 2. 48
Pursh, 345. Bigel. Fl. Bost. 121. Loisel. in Nouv. Duham. 7.15. Raf. Ann. Sei.
Phys. 5. 214. Elliott, 1. 565. Lindl. Ros. 23,t.4. Torrey, Fl. U. S. 486; FI
N. Y. 1. 218. Seringe, DC. Prodr. 2. 605. Redout. Ros. 1. 81, t. 28. Audubon,

Rosa.] ROSACEZ. 311

Birds, t. 93. Hook. Fl. Bor-Am. 1.199. Don, Mill. 2. 566. Beck, Bot. 109.
Spach, Hist. Veg. 2. 18. Darling. Fl. Cestr. 311. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1.458. Eat.
& Wr. 397. Nees, Pl. Neuwied, 9. Dietr. 3.195. Loud. Arb. 2. 753. Tuckerman,
l.c. 70 & 90. Curtis, Bot. N. Car. 89. Chapman, 126. Hook. f. Arct. Pl. 290 &
327. Gray, Manual, 158. Crépin, Prim. Monog. Ros. 177 & 418. Regel, Ros.
Monogr. 77.

R. Virginiana. DuRoi, Obs. Bot. 21; Harbk. 2.353. Roessig, Ros. t.13. Tratt.
Ros. 2. 154.

R. corymbosa. Ehrh. Beitr. 4. 21. Muhl. Cat. 50. Barton, Fl. Philad. 1, 231.

R. Carolinensis & palustris. Marsh. Arbust. 135.

R. Pennsylvanica. Michx. FI. 1. 296, in part. Poir. Dict. 6. 295.

R. Florida. Donn, Cat. Cant. 8 ed. 169.

R. flecuosa. Raf. Préc. Découv. 35; Journ. Bot. 4. 268. Poir. Suppl. 5. 778.
Seringe, DC. Prodr. 2. 625. Don, Mill. 2. 585. Dietr. 3. 204. Crépin, 1. ¢. 879.

R. enneaphylla. Raf. ll. ec. Poir. Suppl. 5. 778. Tratt. Ros. 2. 228.

@ R. glandulosa & elegans. Rat. Ann. Sci. Phys. 5.214. Seringe,l.¢. Don. 1. e.
Dietr. |: ec. Crépin, |. c. 377.

R. majalis, var. y. Loisel. in Nouv. Duham. 7. 16.

@ R. evratina. Bosc; Poir. Suppl. 4.714. Lindl. Ros. 136. Raf. Ann. Sci.
Phys. 5.215. Tratt. Ros. 1. 55 & 2. 185.

Rk. Hudsoniana. Thory in Redout. Ros. 1. 95, t. 35. Tratt. Ros. 2. 147.

R. Sprengeliana & Raffinesquejana. 'Tratt. Ros. 2. 163 & 234.

R. cinnamomea, var. gemella. Seringe, DC. Prodr. 2. 605; fide Crépin, 1. ec. 189.
R. Durandii. Crépin, Bull. Bot. Soc. Fr. 22 (Compt. Rend.) 19; Prim. Monog.
Ros. 407.

R. Kamtschatica. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 8, 582.
R. foliolosa. Nutt.; Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1.460. Walp. Rep. 2.12. Dietr. 3. 195.
Gray, P]. Lindh. 180; Hall’s Pl. Texas,9. Torrey, Sitgr. Rep.175. Young, FI.
Texas, 256. Crépin, 1. ¢. 451. To R. lucida by Regel, Ros. Monogr. 17.
R. gymnocarpa. Nutt.; Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 461; Pac. R. Rep. 2. 121. Walp.
Rep. 2.12. Dietr. 3.195. Presl, Epimel. Bot. 203. Durand, Pl. Pratten. 87.
Torrey, Pac. R. Rep. 4. 85; Mex. Bound. 64, t.21; Bot. Wilkes, 293. Cooper,
Pac. R. Rep. 12. 30 & 60. Bolander, Proc. Calif. Acad. 8. 80; Cat. 11. Gray,
Proc. Am. Acad. 8. 382. Crépin, Prim. Monog. Ros. 433. Brew. & Wats. Bot.
Calif. 1.187. To R&. pimpinellifolia by Regel, 1. c. 23.
Var. pubescens. Watson, Bot. Calif. 1. 187.
R. tHvieata. Michx. Fl. 1.295. Poir. Dict. 6.295. Persoon, 2. 49. Raf. Ann.
Sci. Phys 5. 216. Elliott, 1. 566. Tratt. Ros. 2.184. Spreng. Syst. 2. 556. Se-
ringe, DC. Prodr. 2.600. Don, Mill. 2.584. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1.461. Eat. &
Wr. 599. Chapman, 126. Wood, Cl.-Book, 334; Bot. & Fl. 109. Crépin, 1. ¢.
359 & 438, with syn.; Bull. Soc. Bot. Belg. 16. 28.

RR. Cherokeensis. Donn, Cat. Cant. 8 ed. 170.

R. Sinica. Hook. Bot. Mag. t. 2847. Lindl. Bot. Reg. t. 1922. Regel, Ros.
Monogr. 43, & syn.
R. lucida. Ehrh. Beitr. 4.22. Moench, Meth. 687. Willd. Arb. 310; Spee.
2.1068. Roth, Cat. Bot. 2.94. Poir. Dict. 6.294. Persoon, 2.48. Jacq. Fragm.
fiteLO7,f 3. Nouv. Duham. 7. 17, t. 7,f2: Redout. Ross]. 45,t. 12. Ras.
Ann. Sci. Phys. 5. 216. Lindl. Ros. 17. Tratt. Ros. 2. 152. Guimp. Otto & Hayne,
t.93. Spreng. Syst. 2.547. Seringe, DC. Prodr. 2.602. Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am.
1.199. Don, Mill. 2. 565. Spach, Hist. Veg. 2.20. Crépin, Prim. Monog. Ros.
179 & 421; Bull. Soe. Bot. Belg. 16. 26. Regel, Ros. Monogr. 16.

312 ROSACE. [Rosa.

2 R. Rapa. Bose; Poir. Suppl. 4.710. Redout. Ros. 1.7, t.2. Lindl. Ros.
15. Spreng. Syst. 2. 547. Seringe, DC. Prodr. 2. 602. Don, Mill. 2. 565. Spach,
Hist. Veg. 2. 21. ‘

R. micrantua, Smith. Bigel. Fl. Bost. 2 ed. 197. Eat. & Wr. 598. Wood, Class-
Book, 335. Gray, Manual, 159.
R. muttirLora, Thunb. Wood, Cl.-Book, 554.

R. nitida. Willd. Enum. 544. Pursh, 344. Poir. Suppl. 4.711. Raf. Ann. Sci.
Phys. 5.212. Lindl. Ros.13,t. 2. Tratt. Ros. 2.177. Torrey, Fl. U. S. 485.
Spreng. Syst. 2.547. Seringe, DC. Prodr. 2. 605. Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am. 1. 198.
Don, Mill. 2. 565. Beck, Bot. 109. Spach, Hist. Veg. 2.21. Torr. & Gray, Fl.
1.459. Eat. & Wr. 897. Dietr. 8.195. Loud. Arb. 2. 752, f.477. Gray, Manual,
1 ed. 127. Crépin, Prim. Monog. Ros. 188 & 424. Regel, Ros. Monogr. 18. To
R. lucida (i. e. R. parviflora) by Gray, Manual, 158.

R. rubrispina. Bose, Dict. Agr. 246. Poir. Suppl. 4.715. Tratt. Ros. 2. 179. |
Seringe, DC. Prodr. 2. 623. Don, Mill. 2. 586. |

R. blanda. Pursh, 334 & 749,

2 R. lucida. Beck, Bot. 109.

R. Redoutea. Thory, Redout. Ros. 1. 103, t. 36. Tratt. Ros. 2. 176.

R. Nutkana. Presl, Epimel. Bot. 203. Walp. Ann. 5. 854. Crépin, Prim.
Monog. Ros. 400; Bull. Soc. Bot. Belg. 16. 26.

R. cinnamomea. Hook. FI. Bor.-Am. 1. 200. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 459. Seem.
Bot. Herald, 52. Richard. Arct. Exped. 427. Cooper, Pac. R. Rep. 12. 30. Hook.
f. Arct. Pl. 290 & 327. Rothr. Fl. Alask. 446. |

R. fraxinifolia. Hook. Fl. Bor-Am. 1.199. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 460. Eat. &
Wr. 398. Newberry, Pac. R. Rep. 6. 73. Cooper, same, 12.60. Watson, King’s |
Rep. 5. 92. Porter, Fl. Col. 38. |

R. macrocarpa, Nutt.; Raf. Med. Bot. 2. 258.

R. blanda (%). Gray, Proce. Am. Acad. 8. 382. Torrey, Bot. Wilkes, 295. Wat-
son, Pl. Wheeler, 8. Brew. & Wats. Bot. Calif. 1. 187.

2 R. Aleutensis. Crépin, Bull. Soc. Bot. Belg. 15. 40 & 16.25; Prim. Monog. |
Ros. 409. To R. alpina, Linn., by Regel, 1. e. 15.

R. Woodsii. Regel, 1. ec. 15, including FR. amblyotis, Meyer.

R. parviflora. Ehbrh. Beitr. 4.21. DuRoi, Harbk. 2. 554. Willd. Arb. 309;
Spee. 2. 1068. Poir. Dict. 6. 296. Persoon, 2. 48. Pursh, 344. Raf. Ann. Sci.
Phys. 5.212. Elliott, 1.563. Lindl. Ros. 20. Redout. Ros. 2. 73, t.94. Tratt.Ros. |
2.157. Spreng. Syst. 2.547. Seringe, DC. Prodr. 2. 604. Don, Mill. 2. 565.
Beck, Bot. 109. Hook. Comp. Bot. Mag. 1.25. Spach, Hist. Veg. 2.19. Darling.
Fl. Cestr. 310. Eat. & Wr. 397.. Loud. Arb. 2. 753, f. 479. Crépin, Prim. Monog.
Ros. 178 & 427. —The synonymy of this species is much confused with that of
R. lucida & nitida.

R. Carolina. inn. Spee. 492 2; fide Crépin, 1. c. 420. Walter, 149. DuRoi,
Harbk. 2. 355.

R. humilis. Marsh. Arbust. 156.

R. Pennsylvanica. Wangenh. Amer. 115.

*R. Caroliniana. Michx. Fl. 1. 295. Poir. Dict. 6. 294.

R. Lyonii. Pursh, 345. Poir. Suppl. 4. 714. Raf. Ann. Sci. Phys. 5. 217.
Lindl. Ros. 134. Tratt. Ros. 2.159. Spreng. Syst. 2. 547. Seringe, DC. Prodr.
2. 606. Don, Mill. 2. 585. Eat. & Wr. 899. Dietr. 3. 204.

R. lucida. Pursh, 344. Elliott, 1. 563. Torrey, Fl. U. S. 485; FL. N. Y. 1. 218;
Nicol. Rep. 149 2; Emory’s Rep. 408? Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1.458. Eat. & Wr. 397.
Dietr. 3.195. Loud. Arb. 2. 752, £476. Parry, Pl. Minn. 612? Engelm. Pl

Rosa. ROSACEZ. 513
Upp. Miss. 191% Curtis, Bot. N. Car. 89.
Regel, Ros. Monogr. 16.

? R. globosa, obovata serrulata & pusilla.
ringe, DC. Prodr. 2. 610 & 611.
1. c. 3878 & 452.

4 R. acuminata, pratensis & riparia. Raf. 1. c. 216 & 217.
Don, |. ¢. 585 & 586. Dietr. 3. 204. Crépin, 1. ¢. 378.

R.laxa. Wind. Ros. 18, t. 3. Spach, Hist. Veg. 2. 20.

R. Lindleyi. Spreng. Syst. 2.647. Seringe, DC. Prodr. 2. 604.
2.565. Dietr. 3.195. Loud. Arb. 2. 753.

R. pisocarpa. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 8. 382. Brew. & Wats. Bot. Calif. 1. 187.
Referred with doubt to R. Nutkana, as var. microcarpa, by Crépin, 1. ¢. 405.

R. rupiernosa, Linn. Bigel. Fl. Bost. 2 ed. 197. Torrey, Fl. U.S. 486; FL N. Y.
1. 220. Audubon, Birds, t.137. Darling. Fl. Cestr.811. Torr. & Gray, FI. 1.461.
Tuckerman, Josselyn’s Rarities, 119. Chapman, 126. Gray, Manual, 159.

R. suaveolens. Pursh, 346. Poir. Suppl. 4. 714. Smith in Rees Cye. Raf. Ann.

Sci. Phys. 5.218. Elliott, 1.566. Tratt. Ros. 2.81. Seringe, DC. Prodr. 2. 617.
Don, Mill. 2.578. Beck, Bot. 110. Hat. & Wr. 398. Loud. Arb. 2. 766.
R. setigera. Michx. Fl. 1.295. Poir. Dict. 6.295. Persoon, 2.48. Lindl. Ros.
128. Raf. Ann. Sci. Phys. 5. 213. Elliott, 1. 565. Tratt. Ros. 2.153. Spreng.
Syst. 2. 556. Seringe, DC. Prodr. 2.599. Don, Mill. 2.584. Torr. & Gray, FI.
1. 457; Pac. R. Rep. 2.164. Eat. & Wr. 399. Chapman, 125.’ Gray, Manual,
158. Crépin, Prim. Monog. Ros. 388. To &. moschata, Mill., by Regel, 1. ¢. 81.

R. fenestrata. Donn, Cat. Cant. 8 ed. 170. Tratt. Ros. 2. 187.

R. rubifolia, var. fenestralis. Lindl. Ros. 123, t.15. Seringe, DC. Prodr. 2. 599.
Spreng. Syst. 2. 556.

? R. cursor & trifoliata. Raf. in Ann. Sci. Phys. 5. 213.
2.610. Don, Mill. 2.570. Dietr. 3.198. Crépin, 1. c. 377.

Var. tomentosa. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 458.

R. rubifolia. R. Brown in Ait. f. Hort. Kew. 3. 260. Pursh, 345. Poir. Suppl.
4.714. Raf. Ann. Sci. Phys. 5.216. Lindl. Ros. 123. Spreng. Neue Entdeck.
6. 248; Syst. 2. 556. Redout. Ros. 3. 71, t.152. Tratt. Ros. 2. 186. Seringe, DC.
Prodr. 2.598. Torrey, Ann. Lye. N. Y. 2.198. Beck, Am. Journ. Sci. 1. 14. 113;
Bot. 109. Don, Mill. 2. 584. Spach, Hist. Veg. 2.44. Hook. Comp. Bot. Mag.
1.25. Hat. & Wr. 397. Loud. Arb. 2. 776, f. 516.

RK. mutabilis. Bradbury ; James, Long’s Exped. 1. 69.

2 R. Kentuckensis. Raf. 1. c., and citations as above.

Chapman, 126. Gray, Manual, 158.

Raf. Ann. Sci. Phys. 5. 215-218. Se-
Don, Mill. 2.570 & 571. Dietr. 3.198. Crépin,

Seringe, 1. c. 625.

Don, Mill.

Seringe, DC. Prodr.

R. acuminata; parviflora.
Aleutensis ; Nutkana.
alpina; blanda, Nutkana.
amblyotis ; Nutkana.

R. Cherokeensis ; levigata.
cimamomea; acicularis, blanda, Cali-
fornica, Carolina, Nutkana.
corymbosa ; Carolina.

Americana & Arkansana; blanda.

blanda; acicularis, Californica, niti-
da, Nutkana.

Bourgeauiana ; acicularis.

Carolina & Caroliniana; parviflora,
Californica.

Carolinensis ; Carolina.

cursor ; setigera.

dasistema ; blanda.

elegans, enneaphylla & evratina; Caro-
lina.

Fendleri ; Californica.

Jenestrata ; setigera.

Jlexuosa & Florida ; Carolina.

314 ROSACEA. |Rosa. Rubus. 8

R. foliolosa ; Californica. Rh. parviflora & pendulina; blanda.
Jfraxinifolia ; blanda, Californica, Nut- Pennsylvanica; blanda, Carolina, par-
kana. viflora.

gemella ; blanda. punpinellifolia ; blanda, gymnocarpa.
glandulosa ; Carolina. pratensis & pusilla ; parviflora.
globosa ; parviflora. Raffinesquejana; Carolina.

gymnocarpa ; Californica. Rafinesquii; planda.

Hudsoniana ; Carolina. Rapa ; lucida.
humilis ; parviflora. Redoutea; nitida.

Kamtschatica ; Durandii. riparia; parviflora.

Kentuckensis ; setigera. rubifolia ; setigera.

levigata ; blanda. rubrispina ; nitida.

laxa, Lindleyi & Lyonti ; parviflora. Sayi; acicularis.

lucida ; foliolosa, nitida, parviflora. serrulata ; parviflora.

lutescens ; blanda. . Sinica; levigata.

macrocarpa ; Nutkana. Solandri & stricta ; blanda.

majalis; acicularis, Carolina. Sprengeliana ; Carolina.

Mazximiliam ; Californica. suaveolens ; rubiginosa.

moschata & mutabilis ; setigera. trifoliata ; setigera.

nivea ; blanda. Virginiana ; Carolina.
Nutkana ; pisocarpa. Woodsii; blanda, Californica, Nut- *
obovata ; parviflora. kana.

palustris ; Carolina.

RUBUS arcticus. Linn. Spec. 494. See syn. in Ledeb. FI. Ross. 2. 70; Trauty.
& Mey. Fl. Ochot. 84; Pritzel, Index Icon. Bot. 952.— Ait. Hort. Kew. 2. 210.
Willd. Spec. 2. 1089. Pursh, 349. Schrank, Pfl. Lab. 26. Spreng. Syst. 2. 52.
Seringe, DC. Prodr. 2: 565. Spreng. Syst. 2.532. Cham. & Schlecht. Linnea,
2.18. Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am. 1.182. E. Meyer, Pl. Lab. 79. “Don, Mill. 2. 53855
Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1.451. Eat. & Wr. 400. Seem. Bot. Herald, 29 & 52. Richard.
Arct. Exped. 427. Hook. f. Arct. Pl. 289 & 325. Pl. Bourgeau, 256. othr. FL

Alask. 445. Maximowicz, Bull. Acad. Petersb. 17. 148 (Mélang. Biol. 8. 576). —
Focke, Batograph. Abhandl. in Abhandl. Naturw. Ver. Brem. 4. 147 & 156.

Var. grandiflorus. Ledeb. Fl. Ross. 2.70. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 452.
R. acaulis. Michx. Fl. 1.298. Poir. Dict. 6.237. Persoon, 2.52. Seringey)
DC. Prodr. 2. 565. Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am. 1. 182. Don, Mill. 2. 539. Beck, Bot. 104.
Schlecht. in Linnea, 10. 98. Hook. & Arn. Bot. Beechey, 123. Eat. & Wr. 400.
R. pistillatus. Smith, Exot. Bot. 2. 53, t. 86. Ait. f. Hort. Kew. 8. 270. Pursh,
349. Poir. Suppl. 4. 695. Richard. Frankl. Journ. 11. Spreng. Syst. 2. 532.
R. propinquus. Richard. Frankl. Journ. 2 ed. 19.
Manteia acaulis. Raf. Sylv. Tellur. Mant. 161.

R. Canadensis. Linn. Spec. 494. Marsh. Arbust. 138. Willd. Spec. 2. 1085.
Poir. Dict. 6.243. Persoon, 2.51. Pursh, 347. Spreng. Syst. 2. 5382. Seringe, »
DC. Prodr. 2. 564. Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am. 1. 180. Don, Mill. 2. 538. Beck, Bot. 103.
Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 455. Eat. & Wr. 400. Dietr. 3.173. Torrey, Fl. N. Y. 1. 216.
Loud. Arb. 2. 745. Richard. Arct. Exped. 426. Lesqx. Fl. Ark. 359. Gray, Man- |
ual, 157. Focke, 1. c. 153 & 160.

2 R. arcticus. Walter, 149. , |

R. flagellaris. Willd. Enum. 549. Poir. Suppl. 4. 694. Pursh, 347. Schrank,
Pfl. Lab. 26. Elliott, 1. 569. Seringe, DC. Prodr. 2. 559. Don, Mill. 2. 535. Kept
distinct by Focke, 1. c. 152 & 160.

Rubus.] ROSACEA. 315

R. trivialis. Pursh, 347. Bigel. Fl. Bost. 122. Torrey, Fl. U. S. 489. Guimp.
Otto & Hayne, t. 71. Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am. 1. 180. Darling. Fl. Cestr. 308.

R. procumbens. Muhl. Cat. 52. Barton, Fl. Philad. 1. 233.

R. trivialis, var. y. Hook. Comp. Bot. Mag. 1. 25.

R. Chamzemorus. Linn. Fl. Lapp. 165, t. 5, f.1; Spec. 494. See syn. in Ledeb.
Fl. Ross. 2. 71; Trautv. & Mey. Fl. Ochot. 54 ; Maximowicz, 1. c. 147 (874); Pritzel,
Index Icon. 957.— Willd. Spec. 2. 1090. Michx. Fl. 1. 298. Poir. Dict. 6. 236.
Pursh, 349. Schrank, Pfl. Lab. 26. Richard. Frankl. Journ. 11; Arct. Exped.
427. Torrey, Fl. U.S. 490. Spreng. Syst. 2. 552. Seringe, DC. Prodr. 2. 565.
Cham. & Schlecht. in Linnewa, 2.7. Hook. Fl. Bor.Am. 1. 183. Meyer, Pl. Lab.
80. Bongard, Veg. Sitch. 132. Don, Mill. 2.539. Beck, Bot. 104. Spach, Hist.
Veg. 1. 458. Audubon, Birds, t.193. Hook. & Arn. Bot. Beechey, Bees Torr. &
Gray, Fl. 1. 451. Eat. & Wr. 401. Bigel. Fl. Bost. 5 ed. 214. Dietr. 3.174. Seem.
Bot. Herald, 29 & 52. Lange, Pl. Groenl. 134. Hook. f. Arct, PL 290. Rothr.
Fl, Alask. 445. Gray, Manual, 157. Matthew, Fl. Acad. 8. Focke, Batogr.
Abhandl. 146.

R. cuneifolius. Pursh, 347. Poir. Suppl. 4. 696. Nutt. Genera, 1. 308. Elliott,
1.568. Torrey, Fl. U.S. 488; Fl. N. Y. 1.217. Spreng. Syst. 2.529. Seringe,
DC. Prodr. 2. 563. Don, Mill. 2. 537. Beck, Bot. We: Darling. Fl. Cestr. 306.
Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1.456. Hat. & Wr. 400. Dietr.3.172. Loud. Arb. 2. 746.
Curtis, Bot. N. Car. 88. Chapman, 125. Gray, Nene 158. Focke, 1. ec. 152.

R. parvifolius. Walter, 149. Muhl. Cat. 50. Tratt. Ros. 3. 49.

R. Dalibarda. Linn. Spec. 2. ed. 708. Smith, Pl. Icon. t. 20. Ait. Hort. Kew.
2.211. Lam. Ill. 2. 549,t. 441. Willd. Spec. 2.1090. Benth. & Hook. Gen. Pl.
1.617. Focke, Batogr. Abhandl. 145.

Dalibarda repens. Linn. Spec. 491. Poir. Dict. 6. 250. Persoon, 2. 58. Pursh,
350. Bigel. Fl. Bost. 2 ed. 202. Torrey, Fl. U.S. 491; Fl. N. Y. i. 213. Spreng.
Syst. 2.526. DC. Prodr. 2.568. Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am. 1. 184. Don, Mill. 2. 541.
Beck, Bot. 105. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1.449. Eat. & Wr. 219. Dietr. 3. 164. Gray,
Manual, 156.

Dalibarda violeoides. Michx. Fl. 1. 299, t.27. Ait. f. Hort. Kew. 3.271. Nest-
ler, Monogr. Potent. 9, t. 1.

Dalibarda cordata. Stephan, Act. Soc. Mose. 1. 92.

R. deliciosus. James, Long’s Exped. 2.193. Torrey, Ann. Lye. N. Y. 2. 196.
Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am. 1. 183. Don, Mill. 2.539. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 450; Pac. R.
Rep. 2.126. Hat. & Wr. 401. Walp. Rep. 2.22. Dietr. 3.175. Loud. Arb.
2. 746, f. 466. Gray, Am. Journ. Sci. 2. 33. 411 & 3. 6. 389; Proc. Acad. Philad.
1865, 61. Hook. f. Bot. Mag. t. 6062. Porter, Fl. Col. 34. Rothr. Pl. Wheeler,
37: Focke, 1. c. 146 & 156.
R. spectabilis. James, Cat. 182.
R. Neo-Mexicanus. Gray, Pl. Wright. 2.55. Walp. Ann. 4. 659. Torrey, Mex.
Bound. 64. To R. trilobus, Moc., by Seemann, Bot. Herald, 282.
R. Redii. Regel, Act. Hort. Petrop. 3. 285.
R. hispidus. Linn. Spec. 493. Ait. Hort. Kew. 2.209. Willd. Spec. 2. 1083.
| Poir. Dict. 6. 246. # SU .51. Pursh, 347. Torrey, Fl. U.S. 489; Fl. N.Y.
1.217. Spreng. Syst. 2.530. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1.455. Eat. & Wr. 400. Dietr.
| 3.173. Loud. Arb. 2. 75. Richard. Arct. Exped. 426. Curtis, Bot. N. Car. 88.
| Chapman, 125. Gray, Manual, 158. Focke, 1. ec. 152.
| R. obovalis. Michx. Fl. 1.298. Poir. Dict. 6.239. Pursh, 349. Torrey, FI.
| U. 8.490. Spreng. Syst. 2. 532. Seringe, DC. Prodr. 2.565. Beck, Bot. 104.
Eat. & Wr. 400.

316 ROSACES. [Rubus.

R. obovatus. Elliott, 1.570. Tratt. Ros. 3. 95. Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am. 1. 180, t. 60.
Don, Mill. 2. 539. Darling. Fl. Cestr. 308.

R. sempervirens. Bigel. Fl. Bost. 2 ed. 201. Eat. & Wr. 400.

Var. setosus. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 456.

R. setosus. Bigel. Fl. Bost. 2 ed. 198. Seringe, DC. Prodr. 2. 563. Hook. Fl.

Bor.-Am. 1.179. Don, Mill. 2.536. Beck, Bot. 103. Eat. & Wr. 400. Loud.
Arb. 2. 744.
R. leucodermis. Dougl.; Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1.454. Walp. Rep. 2. 23. Dietr.
3. 167. Presl, Epimel. Bot. 197. Torrey, Pac. R. Rep. 4. 85. Cooper, same, 12. 30
& 60. Regel, Gartenfl. 19. 855, t. 670. Watson, King’s Rep. 5.82. Gray, Proc.
Am. Acad. 8. 381. Brew. & Wats. Bot. Calif. 1. 172.

R. occidentalis, var. 8B. Wook. Fl. Bor-Am. 1.178. Focke, 1. c. 147.

RK. glaucifolius. Kellogg, Proe. Calif. Acad. 1. 67.

R. occidentalis. Boland. Cat. 11.

R. neglectus. Peck, Rep. Reg. N. Y. State Univ. 22. 53. Mechan, Torr. Bot.
Bull. 1.56. Macoun & Gibson, Trans. Bot. Soc. Edinb. 12. 823. Hybrid of R.
strigosus & occidentalis, fide Austin, Torr. Bot. Bull. 1. 31, & Focke, 1. c. 156.

R. nivalis. Dougl.; Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am. 1. 181. Don, Mill. 2.5389. Torr. & Gray, -
Fl. 1.451. Eat. © Wr. 401. Walp. Rep. 2. 23. Dietr. 3.174. Focke, Batogr.
Abhandl. 148 & 156.— A doubtful species, perhaps a form of A. strigosus.

R. Nutkanus. Mocino, Icon. Fl. Mex. ined. t. 291. Seringe, DC. Prodr. 2. 566.
Lindl. Bot. Reg. 16, t.1368. Bongard, Veg. Sitch. 181. Sweet, Brit. Fl. Gard.
2 ser. t. 83. Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am. 1.183; Bot. Mag. t. 3453; Lond. Journ. Bot.
6. 220. Don, Mill. 2.540. Spach, Hist. Veg. 1.460. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 450.
Fat. & Wr. 400. Dietr. 8.175. Ledeb. Fl. Ross. 2. 72. Loud. Arb. 2. 745, f. 464.
Benth. Pl. Hartw. 308. Presl, Epimel. Bot. 197. Richard. Arct. Exped. 426.
Torrey, Pac. R. Rep. 4.85; Mex. Bound. 64; Bot. Wilkes, 290. Newberry, Pace.
R. Rep. 6.71. Cooper,.same, 12.60. Gray, Am. Journ. Sci. 2. 33. 411; Manual,
156; Proc. Am. Acad. 8. 881. Boland. Proc. Calif. Acad. 3.80; Cat. 11. Pl
Bourgeau, 256. othr. Fl. Alask. 446. Anderson, Cat. Pl. Nev. 120. Watson,
King’s Rep. 5.81; Pl. Wheeler, 8. Porter, Hayd. Rep. 1871, 482; Fl. Col. 34.
Coulter, Hayd. Rep. 1872, 765. Focke, 1. c. 146 & 156. Macoun & Gibson, Trans.
Bot. Soc. Edinb. 12. 828. Brew. & Wats. Bot. Calif. 1. 171.

Var. Nuttallii. Torr. & Gray, ].c. Walp. Rep. 2. 22. Gray, Pl. Fendl. 42.
R. parviflorus. Nutt. Genera, 1. 808. Spreng. Syst. 2.532. Seringe, DC. Prodr.
2. 565. Don, Mill. 2. 539. Beck, Bot. 104. Eat. & Wr. 401.
Var. velutinus. Brewer, Bot. Calif. 1. 172.
R. velutinus. Wook. & Arn. Bot. Beechey, 140. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 450. Dietr.
8.175. Boland. in Proc. Calif. Acad. 3. 80. Focke, 1. c. 147.

R. occidentalis. Linn. Spec. 493. Marshall, Arbust, 1388. Walter, 149. Ait.
Hort. Kew. 2.209. Willd. Spec. 2. 1082. Michx. Fl. 1.297. oir. Dict. 6. 244.
Persoon, 2. 51. Pursh, 346. Bigel. Fl. Bost. 121. Elliott, 1. 568. Richard.
Frankl. Journ. 2 ed. 19; Arct. Exped. 426. Torrey, Fl. U. S. 489; Fl. N. Y. 1. 215;
Emory’s Rep. 408. Spreng. Syst. 2.530. Seringe, DC. Prodr. 2. 558. Hook. Fl.
Bor.-Am. 1. 178, excl. var. Don, Mill. 2. 531. Beck, Bot. 102. Darling. Fl. Cestr.
306. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 453. Eat. & Wr. 400. Dietr. 3.166. Loud. Arb.
2.736, £451. Engelm. Pl. Upp. Miss. 191. Curtis, Bot. N. Car. 88. Chapman,
125. Gray, Manual, 157. Focke, Batogr. Abhandl. 147 (with R. leucodermis & Rs
ertocarpus, Liebm., as subspecies).
R. Ideus, var. Americanus. Torrey, Ann. Lye. N. Y. 2. 196. Eat. & Wr. 400.

Rubus.] ROSACES. 317

-R. odoratus. Linn. Spec. 494. Marsh. Arbust. 138. Ait. Hort. Kew. 2. 210.

Moench, Meth. 670. Sims, Bot. Mag. t. 323. Willd. Spec. 2. 1085. Michx. Fl.
1.297. WPoir. Dict. 6. 247. Persoon, 2. 52. St. Hil. Pl. France, 3,t. 322. Pursh,
348. Bigel. Fl. Bost. 128. Elliott, 1.570. Barton, Fl. N. Am. 2. 21, t.42. Tor-
rey, Fl. U. S. 490; Fl. N. Y. 1.218. Spreng. Syst. 2.532. Seringe, DC. Prodr.

. 2. 566. Audubon, Birds, t. 123. Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am. 1.183. Don, Mill. 2. 5389.

Beck, Bot. 104. Spach, Hist. Veg. 1. 459. Darling. Fl. Cestr. 309. Torr. & Gray,
Fl. 1. 449. Eat. & Wr. 400. Dietr. 3.175. Loud. Arb. 2. 745, f.463. Emerson,
Trees of Mass. 428. Richard. Arct. Exped. 426. Curtis, Bot. N. Car. 88. Chap-
man, 124. Gray, Manual, 156. Traill, Canad. Fl. 25, t.2. Focke, Batogr. Ab-
handl. 146.
R. pedatus. Smith, Icon. Pl. t. 63 (Usteri, Ann. Bot. 12.48). Willd. Spec.
2.1088. Poir. Dict. 6.239. Persoon, 2. 52. Pursh, 349. Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am.
7, 181, t. 61. Don, Mill. 2.589. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1.452. Eat. & Wr. 400.
Dietr. 3.174. Ledeb. Fl. Ross. 2.70. Newberry, Pac. R. Rep. 6.71. Pl. Bour-
geau, 256. Rothr. Fl. Alask. 445. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 8. 381. Focke, Batogr.
Abhandl. 145. Brew. & Wats. Bot. Calif. 1. 172.

Dalibarda pedata. Stephan, Mem. Soc. Mose. 1. 92. Spreng. Grundz. 516 ;
Syst. 2. 526.

Comaropsis pedata. DC. Prodr. 2.555. Bongard, Veg. Sitch. 134. Don, Mill.
2.529. Presl, Epimel. Bot. 196.

Ameton pedatum. Raf. Sylv. Tellur. Mant. 161.

R. saxatilis. Linn. Spec. 494. See syn. in Ledeb. Fl. Ross. 2. 69; Hook. f. Arct.
Pl. 289 & 325; Pritzel, Ind. Icon. 957.— Poir. Dict. 6.257. Spreng. Syst. 2. 552.
Seringe, DC. Prodr. 2. 564. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1.452. Lange, Pl. Groenl. 134.
Maximowicz, Bull. Acad. Petersb. 17. 148 (Mélang. Biol. 8. 575). Focke, Batogr.
Abhandl. 146.

R. spectabilis. Pursh, 348,t. 16. Poir. Suppl. 4.695. Spreng. Syst. 2. 532.
Seringe, DC. Prodr. 2. 559. Cham. & Schlecht. in Linnea, 2.6. Hook. FI. Bor.-
Am.1.178. lLodd. Bot. Cab. t.1602. Bongard, Veg. Sitch. 131. Lindl. Bot.
Reg. 17, t. 1424. Don, Mill. 2. 553. Spach, Hist. Veg. 1. 455. Maund, Bot. Gard.
12,t.568. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 454. Eat. & Wr. 400. Dietr. 38.168. Ledeb. Fl.
Ross. 2. 67. Loud. Arb. 2. 741, £458. Presl, Epimel. Bot. 197. Richard. Arct.
Exped. 426. Newberry, Pac. R. Rep. 6.71. Cooper, same, 12. 31 & 60. Rothr.
Fl. Alask. 445. Boland. Cat. 11. Maximowicz, Bull. Acad. Petersb. 17. 155 (Mé-
lang. Biol. 8. 386). Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 8. 381. Torrey, Bot. Wilkes, 291.
Focke, |. c. 148. Brew. & Wats. Bot. Calif. 1. 172.
f. stenopetalus. Fisch. Choris Voy. 10. To R. stellatus by Bongard, 1. ec.
Var. Menziesii. Watson, Bot. Calif. 1. 172.

Rh. Menziesti. Wook. Fl. Bor-Am. 1.179. Don, Mill. 2.531. Hook. & Arn.
Bot. Beechey, 140. .Eat. & Wr. 401. Dietr. 3. 167. Presl, Epimel. Bot. 197.
Cooper, Pac. R. Rep. 12. 59.

R. ursinus. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 456, in part.

R. stellatus. Smith, Icon. Pl. t. 64 (Usteri, Ann. Bot. 12.42). Willd. Spec.
2.1089. Poir. Dict. 6.238. Persoon, 2.52. Pursh, 349. Spreng. Syst. 2. 532.
Seringe, DC. Prodr. 2. 565. Cham. & Schlecht. in Linnea, 2.8. Hook. Fl. Bor.-
Am. 1.183. Schlecht. in Linnza, 6.590. Don, Mill. 2. 539. Spach, Hist. Veg.
£459. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1.451. Eat. & Wr. 401. Walp. Rep. 2. 23. Dietr.
3.174. Ledeb. Fl. Ross. 2.71. Presl, Epimel. Bot. 197. Richard. Arct. Exped.
427. Focke, 1. c. 146.
Mantcia stellata. Raf. Sylv. Tellur. Mant. 161.

ae

318 ROSACEZ. [Rubus.

R. strigosus. Michx. Fl. 1.297. Poir. Dict. 6.245. Persoon, 2.51. Pursh,
346. Bigel. Fl. Bost. 122. Richard. Frankl. Journ. 2 ed. 19; Arct. Exped. 426.
Torrey, Fl. U. S. 488; Fl. N. Y. 1. 214; Frem. Rep. 89; Bot. Wilkes, 290. Spreng.
Syst. 2. 531. Seringe, DC. Prodr. 2. 557. Hook. Fl. Bor-Am. 1.177. Don, Mill. ©
2.531. Beck, Bot. 102. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 453. Eat. & Wr.400. Dietr. 3. 166:
Loud. Arb. 2. 736. Gray, Pl. Fendl. 42; Pac. R. Rep. 12. 43; Manual, 157; Am;
Journ. Sci. 3. 5. 479. Seem: Bot. Herald, 52 & 282. Engelm. Pl. Upp. ie IQI.
Pl. Bourgeau, 256. Porter, Hayd. Rep. 1870, 475; 1871, 482; Fl. Col. 34. Wat
son, King’s Rep. 5. 82 & 420; Pl. Wheeler, 8. Coulter, Hayd. Rep. 1872, 765.
Rothr. Pl. Wheeler, 37.

R. Pennsylvanicus. Poir. Dict. 6. 246. Persoon, 2. 51.

R. Ideus. Pursh, 846. Nutt. Genera, 1. 308. Schrank, Pfl. Lab. 26. Torrey,
Fl. U.S. 487. Meyer, Pl. Lab. 78. Beck, Bot. 102. Wood, Cl.-Book, 540; Bot.
& Fl. 105. Gray, Am. Journ. Sci. 2. 33. 411.

R. Ideus, var. Canadensis. Richard. Frankl. Journ. 11.

hk. borealis. Spach; fide Focke, 1. c. 147.

R. Ideus, var. strigosus. Maximowicz, Bull.. Acad. Petersb. 17. 161 (Mélang.
Biol. 8. 894), with syn. Focke, 1. c. 147 & 156.

R. triflorus. Richard. Frankl. Journ. 2 ed.19; Arct. Exped. 427. Hook. Fl.
Bor.-Am. 1. 181, t.62. Don, Mill. 2.538. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1.452: Torrey, Fl.
N. Y. 1.214. Dietr. 3.174. Gray, Proc. Acad. Philad. 1863, 61; Manual, 157.
Pl. Bourgeau, 256. Maxim. 1. c. 148 (375). Focke, 1. c. 146 & 156.

R. saxatilis, var. Canadensis. Michx. Fl. 1. 298. Pursh, 349. Richard. Frankl.
Journ. 11. Torrey, Fl. U. 8. 490. Beck, Bot. 104.

R. saxatilis, var. Americanus. Persoon, 2. 52. Seringe, 1. c. 565. Don, 1. ¢.

? R. flagellaris. Schrank, Pfl. Lab. 26. Meyer, Pl. Lab. 78.

Cylactis montana. Raf. Am. Journ, Sci. 1. 1. 377. Spreng. Neue Entdeck. 2. 207.
Seringe, DC. Prodr. 2. 568.

Cylactis lyncemontana. Raf. Journ. Phys. 1819, 97.

R. saxatilis. Bigel. Fl. Bost. 2 ed. 201. Eat. & Wr. 400.

R. Canadensis. Torrey, Fl. U. 8, 488.

R. egopodivides. Seringe, DC, Prodr. 2. 565. Beck, Bot. 104.

R. mucronatus. Seringe, 1. c. oes descr. Hook. Fl. Bor-Am. 1.182. Don,
Mill. 2. 538. Eat. & Wr. 401. Dietr. 3. 174.
R. trivialis. Michx. Fl. 1. 296. Poir. Dict. 6.241. Persoon, 2.51. Ait. f. Hort.
Kew. 3. 269. Elliott, 1. 569. Don, Mill. 2.537. Hook. Comp. Bot. Mag. 1. 25,
excl. var. y. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 456; Pac. R. Rep. 2.164. Eat. & Wr. 400.
Nees, Pl. Neuwied, 8. Gray, Pl. Thurb. 301; Manual, 158; Hall’s Pl. Texas, 9.
Torrey, Pac. R. Rep. 4. 85; Mex. Bound. 64. Curtis, Bot. N. Car. 88. Chapman,
125. Focke, l.'c. 152

R. hispidus. Marshall, Arbust. 137. Walter, 149. Seringe, DC. Prodr. 2. 564,
excl. syn. Don, Mill. 2. 537. Beck, Bot. 103. :

R. flagellaris. Hook. Comp. Bot. Mag. 1. 24.

R. ursinus. Cham. & Schlecht. in Linnea, 2.11. Don, Mill. 2.540. Torr. &
Gray, Fl. 1. 456, in part. Walp. Rep. 2. 23. Dietr. 3.175. Benth. Bot. Sulph. 14.
Presl, Epimel. Bot. 197. Torrey, Pac. R. Rep. 4. 85 & 7. 11; Mex. Bound. 64.
Newberry, Pac. R. Rep. 6.71. Boland. Cat. 11. Focke, Batogr. Abhandl. 153 &
160. Brew. & Wats. Bot. Calif. 1. 172.

R. vitifolius. Cham. & Schlecht. 1. c. 10. Don, Mill. 2. 540. “Torr. & Gray, Fl.
1.450. Walp. Rep. 2.22. Dietr. 3.175. Torrey, Pac. R. Rep. 4. 85. Anderson,
Cat. Pl. Nev. 120. Boland. Cat. 11. Focke, 1. c. 148 & 156.

Rubus.]

ROSACEA. 319

R. macropetalus. Dougl.; Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am. 1. 178, t.59. Don, Mill. 2. 531.

Hook. & Arn. Bot. Beechey, 140 & 338.

Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1.457. Eat. & Wr. 401.

Walp. Rep. 2. 28. Dietr. 5. 167. Loud. Arb. 2. 746, f. 465. Presl, Epimel. Bot.
197. Torrey, Pac. R. Rep. 4. 85; Bot. Wilkes, 291. Newberry, Pac. R. Rep. 6. 71.
Cooper, same, 12. 30 & 60. Bolander, Proc. Calif. Acad. 3.80; Cat.11. Gray,

Proc. Am. Acad. 8. 382. Focke, 1. c. 148.

R. villosus. Ait. Hort. Kew. 2. 210.

Willd. Spec. 2. 1085. Michx. Fl. 1. 297.

Poir. Dict. 6. 248. Persoon, 2.51. Pursh, 546. _Bigel. Fl. Bost. 122; Med. Bot.
2.160, t. 38. - Barton, Mat. Med.t. 39. Nutt. Genera, 1. 308. Elliott, 1. 567.
Torrey, Fl. U. S. 487; Fl. N. Y. 1. 215; Emory’s Rep. 408. Spreng. Syst. 2. 529.
Seringe, DC. Prodr. 2. 563. Audubon, Birds, t. 29 & 128. Hook. Fl. Bor-Am.

1179. Don, Mill. 2. 537. Beck, Bot. 108.
Eat. & Wr. 400. Dietr. 3. 178.

Med. 227. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 454.

Darling. Fl. Cestr. 307. Lindl. FI.

Richard.

Arct. Exped. 426. Engelm. Pl. Upp. Miss. 191. Gray, Pac. R. Rep. 12. 43; Man-
ual, 157. Curtis, Bot. N. Car. 88. Chapman, 125. Focke, l. ¢. 155 & 160.

R. fruticosus. Marsh. Arbust. 157.

Walter, 149.

R. argutus. Link, Enum. 2. 60. Seringe, DC. Prodr. 2. 565. Don, Mill. 2. 537.

Toud. Arb. 2. 744.

Var. frondosus. Torrey, FI. U. 8. 487; Fl. N. York, 1. 215. Torr. & Gray, FI.
1. 454. Walp. Rep. 2. 23. Gray, Manual, 157.

R. inermis. Willd. Enum. 549% Pursh, 348. Poir. Suppl. 4.694. Spreng.
Syst. 2.532. Eat. & Wr. 400. Focke, 1. c. 155.

R. frondosus. Bigel. Fl. Bost. 2 ed. 199.

Beck, Bot. 103. Eat. & Wr. 400.

R. flagellaris, var. inermis. Seringe, DC. Prodr. 2. 559.
R. suberectus. Hook. F1.1.179. Don, Mill. 2. 534, in part. Eat. & Wr. 401.

Var. humifusus. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 455.

Rep. 2. 23. Gray, Manual, 157,

Torrey, Fl. N. Y. 1.215. Walp.

t R. Enslenti & floridus. Tratt. Ros. 63 & 73. Seringe, DC. Prodr. 2. 564 & 566.

Don, Mill. 2. 538 & 539.

R. acaulis ; arcticus.
eegopodioides ; triflorus.
arcticus ; Canadensis.
argutus ; villosus.
borealis ; strigosus.
Canadensis ; triflorus.
Enslenii ; villosus.
erlocarpus ; occidentalis.
Slagellaris ; Canadensis, triflorus, tri-

vialis, villosus.
~floridus, frondosus & fruticosus; vil-
losus.

glaucifolius ; leacodermis.
hispidus ; trivialis.
Ideus ; occidentalis, strigosus.
inermis ; villosus.
leucodermis ; occidentalis.
macropetalus ; ursinus.
Menziesii; spectabilis.
mucronatus ; triflorus.
Neo-Mexicanus ; deliciosus.

RK. obovalis & obovatus ; hispidus.

occidentalis ; leucodermis, neglectus.
parviflorus ; Nutkanus.
parvifolius ; cuneifolius.
Pennsylvanicus ; strigosus.
pistillatus ; arcticus.

procumbens ; Canadensis.
propinquus ; arcticus.

Rezlii; deliciosus.

saxatilis ; triflorus.

sempervirens & setosus ; hispidus.
spectabilis ; deliciosus.
stenopetalus ; spectabilis.
strigosus ; neglectus, nivalis.
suberectus ; villosus.

trilobus ; deliciosus.

trivialis ; Canadensis.

ursinus ; spectabilis.

velutinus ; Nutkanus.

vitifolius ; ursinus.

320 ROSACER. [Sibbaldia. Spirea,

SIBBALDIA procumbens. Linn. Spec. 284. See syn. in Ledeb. Fl. Ross.
2. 32; Pritzel, Ind. Icon. 1026.—Pursh, 211. Nutt. Genera, 1. 207. Roem. &
Schult. Syst. 6. 769. Torrey, Fl. U.S. 830; Frem. Rep.89. DC. Prodr. 2. 587.
Cham. & Schlecht. in Linnea, 2. 28. Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am. 1.196. Don, Mili. 2. 562,
Beck, Bot. 108. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1.433. Eat. & Wr. 424. C. A. Meyer in Rw
precht, Beitr. Pfl. Russ. 6.44. Oakes, Hovey’s Mag. 18.217. Engelm. Pl. Upp.
Miss. 191. Lange, Pl. Groenl. 134. Aschers. Fl. Lab. in Regensb. Flora, 43. 370,
Hook. f. Arct. Pl. 289. Gray, Am. Journ. Sci. 3. 33. 411; Proc. Acad. Philad)
1865, 61; Manual, 153. Rothr. Fl. Alask. 445; Pl. Wheeler, 37. . Porter, Hayd.
Rep. 1870, 475; 1871, 481; Fl. Col. 35. Brew. & Wats. Bot. Calif. 1. 180.
Potentilla procumbens, De Clairv. Benth. & Hook. Gen. Pl. 1. 671. Baillon,
Hist. Pl. 1. 571, f. 423-427. Wood, Bot. & Fl. 107. Watson, King’s Rep. 5. 89.

SPIRZjA Aruncus. Linn. Spec. 490. See syn. in Ledeb. Fl. Ross. 2. 16;
Trautv. & Mey. Fl. Ochot. 32. [Pall. Fl. Ross. 1. 39, t. 26.] — Michx. FI. 1. 294,
excl. var. Poir. Dict. 7. 355. Muhl. Cat. 51. Elliott, 1. 561. _ Cambess. Monog,.
Spir. 43, t. 15, f. 2 (Ann. Sci. Nat. 1. 1.374). Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am. 1. 173; Comp.
Bot. Mag. 1.24. Bongard, Veg. Sitch. 131. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1.417. Eat. &
Wr. 441. Torrey, Fl. N. Y. 1. 199; Bot. Wilkes, 286. Cooper, Pac. R. Rep. 12. 59:
Gray, Mem. Am. Acad. 6. 386; Manual, 150. Lesqx. Fl. Ark. 358. Chapman, 121.
Rothr. Fl. Alask. 485. Hussey, Torr. Bot. Bull. 6.15. Brew. & Wats. Bot. Calif.
ie 70!

S. Aruncus, var. Americana. Persoon, 2. 46. Pursh, 343. Torrey, Fl. U. S.
482; Ann. Lyc. N. Y. 2.194. Seringe, DC. Prodr. 2. 545. Don, Mill. 2. 520. Beck,
Bot. 99.

S. betulifolia. Pallas, Fl. Ross. 1. 33, t.16. See syn. in Ledeb. Fl. Ross. 2. 14;
Trautv. & Mey. 1. ce. 31.— Pursh, 842. Cambess. 1. c. 34 (868), t. 27. Hook. Fl.
Bor.-Am. 1. 172; Lond. Journ. Bot. 6. 217. Don, Mill. 2.519. Torr. & Gray, FI:
1.414. Eat. & Wr. 441. Loud. Arb. 2. 725. Seem. Bot. Herald, 28. Richard.
Arct. Exped. 426. Newberry, Pac. R. Rep. 6.71. Cooper, same, 12. 52. Hook. f.
Arct. Pl. 289. Pl. Bourgeau, 256. MRothr. Fl. Alask. 445. Porter, Hayd. Rep.
1871, 481. Coulter, same, 1872, 764. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 8. 381: Torrey,
Bot. Wilkes, 286. Brew. & Wats. Bot. Calif. 1. 169.

S. chameedrifolia, var. media. Pursh, 342. Cambess. 1. c. 28 (562). Seringe, DC.
Prodr. 2. 542. Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am. 1.171. Hook. & Arn. Bot. Beechey, 123.

S. corymbosa. Raf. Préc. Découv. 36; Desv. Journ. Bot. 1814, 168; New Flora,
38.70. Poir. Suppl. 5. 222. WLodd. Bot. Cab. t.671. Torrey, Fl. U. S. 482. Se
ringe, DC. Prodr. 2. 544. Don, Mill. 2. 519. Beck, Bot. 99. Spach, Hist. Veg.
1.488. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1.414. Eat. & Wr. 440. Dietr. 3.126. Loud. Arb
2.728. Gray, Manual, 149.

S. chamedrifolia. Cham. & Schlecht. in Linnea, 2. 2, fide same, 1. c. 6. 589.
Eat. & Wr. 440. Richard. Arct. Exped. 426. Hook. f. Arct. Pl. 289, in part.

S. chamedrifolia, var. B. Hook. Fl. Bor-Am. 1. 171. Hook. & Arn. Bot.
Beechey, 123.

S. ostryfolia & repens. Raf. New Flora, 3. 69 & 70.

S. betulifolia, var. corymbosa. Engelm. Pl. Upp. Miss. 190.

Var. rosea. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 8. 381. Coulter, Hayd. Rep. 1872, 764.
S. cespitosa. Nutt.; Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 418. Walp. Rep. 2. 51. Dietr. 5. 128.
Gray, Pl. Fendl. 40; Pl. Wright. 1. 68; Ives’s Rep. 11. Torrey, Pac. R. Rep. 4. 83;
Mex. Bound. 63. Newberry, Pac. R. Rep. 6.71. Porter, Hayd. Rep. 1870, 4753
1871, 481. Watson, King’s Rep. 5. 81; Pl. Wheeler, 8. Brew. & Wats. 1. c. 170.

Var. elatior. Watson, King’s Rep. 5. 81.

Spirea.] ROSACEZ. 321

S. Douglasii. Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am. 1.172; Bot. Mag. t. $151. Don, Mill. 2. 520.
Raf. New Flora, 3.68. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1.415. Eat. & Wr. 440. Walp. Rep.
9.50. Dietr. 3.126. Torrey, Frem. Rep. 314; Bot. Wilkes, 286. Fl. Serres, 2,
t. 2. Paxton, Mag. Bot. 12. 195, t.; Fl. Gard. 2. 85, f. 178. Revue Hort. 1846, t. 6.
Presl, Epimel. Bot. 195. Richard. Arct. Exped. 426. Durand, Pl. Pratten, 87.
Newberry, Pac. R. Rep. 6. 71. Cooper, same, 12. 82 & 59. Pepin, Rev. Hort. 1862,
17. Wood, Bot. & Fl. 108. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 8. 381. Brew. & Wats. Bot.
Calif. 1. 169.

Var. Nobleana. Watson, Bot. Calif. 1. 169.

2S. cuneifolia. Raf. New Flora, 3. 67.

S. Nobleana. Hook. Bot. Mag. t. 5169. Lemaire, Ill. Hort. 8,t. 286. Walp.
Ann. 7. 852.

Var. Menziesii. Presl, Epimel. Bot. 195. Brew. & Wats. Bot. Calif. 1. 169.

S. Menziesii. Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am. 1. 173; Lond. Journ. Bot. 6. 218. Don, Mill.
2.520. Torr. & Gray, Fl.1.415. Eat. & Wr. 440. Walp. Rep. 2. 50. Dietr.
3. 126. Cooper, Pac. R. Rep. 12.59. Gray,l.c. Torrey, Bot. Wilkes, 286.

S. discolor. Pursh, 342. Poir. Suppl. 5. 222. Cambess. Monog. Spir. 41 (Ann.
Sci. Nat. 1. 374). Spreng. Syst. 2.502. Seringe, DC. Prodr. 2. 545. Don, Mill.
2.520. Eat. & Wr. 441. Presl, Epimel. Bot. 195. Brew. & Wats. 1. c. 1. 170.
Var. arizefolia. Watson, Bot. Calif. 1. 170.

S. ariefolia. Smith, Rees Cye. Seringe, DC. Prodr. 2. 544. Hook. Fl. Bor.-
Am. 1.173; Lond. Journ. Bot. 6. 217. Lindl. Bot. Reg. 16, t. 1365. Don, Mill.
2.520. Spach, Hist. Veg. 1.432. Hook. & Arn. Bot. Beechey, 338. Torr. & Gray,
Fl. 1.416. Dietr. 8.127. Loud. Arb. 2. 731, f. 446,447. Benth. Pl. Hartw. 309.
Gray, Pl. Fendl. 40; Proc. Am. Acad. 8. 381. Richard. Arct. Exped. 426. Torrey,
Pac. R. Rep. 4. 83; Mex. Bound. 63; Bot. Wilkes, 286. Newberry, Pac. R. Rep.
6.71. Cooper, same, 12. 30 & 59. Bolander, Proc. Calif. Acad. 3.79; Cat. ro.
Wood, Bot. & Fl. 103.

Var. dumosa. Watson, I. c.

S. discolor. Torrey, Ann. Ly .N. Y. 2.194. Gray, Am. Journ. Sci. 2. 33. 411.

Schinzonotus discolor. Raf. New Flora, 3. 75.

S. aricfolia, var. discolor. Torr. & Gray, FI. 1. 416.

S. dumosa. Nutt.; Hook. in Lond. Journ. Bot. 6.217. Gray, Pl. Fendl. 40;
Proc. Acad. Philad. 1863, 61. Torrey, Stansb. Rep. 387, t. 4; Mex. Bound. 63.
Durand, Fl. Utah, 163. Anderson, Cat. Pl. Nev. 120. Porter, Hayd. Rep. 1870,
475; Fl. Col. 33. Watson, King’s Rep. 5. 80. Coulter, Hayd. Rep. 1872, 764.
Rothr. Pl. Wheeler, 37.
S. lobata. Jacquin, Hort. Vindob. 1. 38, t. 88. Murray, Syst. 472. Willd.
Spec. 2. 1062; Enum. 542. Michx. Fl. 1. 294. Poir. Dict. 7. 358. Persoon, 2. 47.
Pursh, 343. Elliott, 1. 561. Cambess. 1. c. 49 (383). Torrey, Fl. U. S. 483.
Spreng. Syst. 2. 503. Seringe, DC. Prodr. 2. 545. Don, Mill. 2. 521. Beck, Bot.
99. Spach, Hist. Veg. 1.445. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1.416. Eat. & Wr. 441. Dietr.
8.127. Chapman, 121. Regel, Gartenfl. 1863, 145, t. 397. Gray, Manual, 149.

S. palmata. Linn. f. Suppl. 262, not Thunb.

S. Kamtschatica. Pallas, Fl. Ross. 1. 41, t.28. See syn. in Ledeb. Fl. Ross.
2. 19. — Willd. Spec. 2. 1062. Cambess. 1. ec. 51 (385). Spreng. Syst. 2. 503. Se-
ringe, DC. Prodr. 2. 545. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 416.

5. Millefolium. Torrey, Pac. R. Rep. 4. 83, t. 5. Coulter, Hayd. Rep. 1872, 764.
Watson, Pl. Wheeler, 8. Brew. & Wats. Bot. Calif. 1. 179.

Chamebatia foliolosa. Newberry, Pac. R. Rep. 6. 73.
21

322 ROSACEX. [Spireea.

S. pectinata. Torr. ¢ Gray, Fl.1.417. Walp. Rep.2.51. Ledeb. Fl. Ross.

2.19. Hook. f. Arct. Pl. 289. Benth. & Hook. Gen. Pl. 1.611. Rothr. Fl. Alask.
445. Brew. & Wats. Bot. Calif. 1. 171.

Saxifraga pectinata. Pursh, 312. Poir. Suppl. 5.77. DC. Prodr. 4. 33. Eat. &

Wr. 415.

Eriogynia pectinata. Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am. 1. 255, t. 88. Don, Mill. 3. 226. Raf. —

Fl. Tellur. 2. 71.

y
“

Luetkea sibbaldioides. Bongard, Veg. Sitch. 130, t. 2. Presl, Repert. Bot. 1. 313.

Saxifraga cespitosa. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 8. 383.
S. salicifolia. Linn. Spec. 489. See syn. in Willd. Spee. 2. 1055; Ledeb. Fl.
Ross. 2.15; Trauty. & Meyer, Fl. Ochot. 31; Pritzel, Index Icon. Bot. 1059. — Ait.

Hort. Kew. 2. 198. ee Fl. 1.293. Poir. Dict. 7. 349. Pursh, 341. Elliotgm

1. 560. Torrey, Fl. U. S. 481; Fl. N. Y. 1.198. Cambess. 1. c. 38 (872). Spreng,
Syst. 2. 503. Seringe, DC. Prods. 2. 544. Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am. 1. 172. . Beck, Bot.
99. Raf. New Flora, 3.64. Darling. Fl. Cestr. 299. Torr. & Gray,. Fl. 1. 415,
Eat. & Wr. 440. Emerson, Trees of Mass. 427. Seem. Bot. Herald, 52. Richard.
Arct. Exped. 426. Parry, Pl. Minn. 611. Curtis, Bot. N. Car. 103. Chapman,
121. Hook.f. Arct. Pl. 289. Pl. Bourgeau, 256. Rothr. Fl. Alask. 445. Gray,
Manual, 149. '

S. alba. DuRoi, Harbk. 2. 430; Obs. Bot. 14. Moench, Meth. 662. Ehrh.
Beitr. 7.137. Bigel. Fl. Bost. 196. Watson, Dendr. Brit. t. 133.

S. tomentosa, var. alba. Marsh. Arbust. 147.

S. hypericifolia. Marsh. Arbust. 146, not Linn. Pursh, 341. Torrey, Fl. U.S.
481. Beck, Bot. 98. Eat. & Wr. 440.

S. carpinifolia. Willd. Enum. 540. Guimp. Otto & Hayne, t. 7. Don, Mill.
2.520. Spach, Hist. Veg. 1. 440. Raf. New Flora, 3. 65.

S. crenata. Muhl. Cat. 51, not Linn. Torrey, Fl. U. S. 482. Hat. & Wr. 440.

S. hypericifolia, var. Plunkenetia. Seringe, DC. Prodr. 2. 543. Hook. Fl. Bor.-
Am wet 7a.

S. paniculata. Don, Mill. 2.520. Spach, Hist. Veg. 1. 441.

S. amena, ciliata, flexuosa, heterophylla, obovata & ovata. Raf. New Flora, 3. 64-66,
S. tomentosa. Linn. Spec. 489. DuRoi, Harbk. 2. 458. Wangenh. Amer. 118,
Marsh. Arbust. 147. Ait. Hort. Kew. 2. 198. Willd. Arb. 871; Spec. 2. 1056)

Michx. Fl. 1. 293. Poir. Dict. 7. 850. Persoon, 2.46. Pursh, 341. Bigel. Fl

Bost. 196. Elliott, 1. 560. Torrey, Fl. U.S. 481; Fl. a Y. 1.199. Cambess@
39 (373). Spreng. Syst. 2. 502. Seringe, DC. Prod. 2. 544. Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am.
1.172. Raf. Med. Bot. 2. 91, £ 88; New Flora, 3. 62. Don, Mill. 2. 520. Beek;
Bot. 99. Spach, Hist. Veg. 1.441. Torr. & Ge Fl. 1.415. Eat. & Wr. 440,
Dietr. 3. 126. Loud. Arb. 2.730. Emerson, Trees of Mass. 427. Richard. Aret.
Exped. 426. Parry, Pl. Minn. 611. Curtis, Bot. N. Car. 103. Chapman, 120.
Gray, Manual, 149.
S. ferruginea, glomerata, parvifolia & rosea. Raf. New Flora, 3. 62 & 65.

S. alba & amena; salicifolia. S. chamedrifolia & corymbosa; betula
ariefolia ; discolor. folia.
Aruncus ; Astilbe decandra. crenata ; salicifolia.
Californica ; Vauquelinia Torreyi. cuneifolia ; Douglasii.
capitata ; Neillia opulifolia. dumosa ; discolor.

carpinifolia & ciliata ; salicifolia. Jerruginea & glomerata ; tomentosa.

Spireea. Boykinia.] SAXIFRAGACEA. 323
S. flecuosa, heterophylla & hypericifolia; | S. palmata ; lobata.
salicifolia. paniculata ; salicifolia.
Menziesti ; Douglasii. parvifolia ; tomentosa.
monogyna ; Neillia Torreyi. repens ; betulifolia.
Nobleana ; Douglasii. rosea ; tomentosa.
obovata & ovata; salicifolia. stipulacea & stipulata; Gillenia stipu-
opulifolia ; Neillia opulifolia & Tor- lacea.
reyi. tomentosa ; salicifolia.
ostryfolia ; betulifolia. trifoliata ; Gillenia trifoliata.

VAUQUELINIA Torreyi. Watson, Proc. Am. Acad. 11. 147. Brew. & Wats.
Bot. Calif. 1. 169.

Spireea Californica. Torrey, Emory’s Rep. 140.

V. corymbosa. Torrey, Mex. Bound. 64, not Corr.
WALDSTBHINIA fragarioides. Trattinick, Ros. Mon. 3.107. Torr. & Gray,
Fl. 1. 426. Torrey, Fl. N. Y. 1. 204. Chapman, 128. Gray, Manual, 153.

Dalibarda fragarioides. Michx. Fl. 1. 800, t. 28. Poir. Dict. 6. 250. | Persoon,
2.53. Ait. f. Hort. Kew. 3.271. Sims, Bot. Mag. t.1567. Pursh, 350. Lodd.
Bot. Cab. t.408. Elliott, 1.571. Bigel. Fl. Bost. 2 ed. 202. Torrey, Fl. U. S.
491. Spreng. Syst. 2. 526. Eat. & Wr. 220.

Comaropsis fragarioides. Nestler, Monogr. Potent. 8, t.1. DC. Prodr. 2. 555.
Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am. 1.177. Don, Mill. 2. 529. Beck, Bot. 102.

Waldsteinia Doniana. Tratt. Ros. 8. 109.

Comaropsis Doniana. DC. Prodr. 2. 555.
W. lobata. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1.426. Dietr. 3.124. Chapman, 128. Wood,
Cl.-Book, 341; Bot. & Fl. 107.

Dalibarda lobata. Baldwin in Elliott, 1.571. Hook. Icon. t. 76. Eat. & Wr.
220. Walp. Rep. 2. 13.

SAXIFRAGACEZ.

ASTILBE decandra. D. Don, Prodr. Fl. Nepal. 211. Don, Mill. 3. 229. Torr.
& Gray, Fl. 1.589. Gray, Am. Journ. Sci. 1. 42. 37 (Lond. Journ. Bot. 2. 122) ;
Manual, 167. Chapman, 154.

Spirea Aruncus, var. hermaphrodita. Michx. FI. 1. 294.

Tiarella biternata. Vent. Jard. Malm. t. 54 (Schrad. Journ. Bot. 1807, 85). Poir.
Dict. 7.158. Persoon, 1.491. Pursh, 313. Haworth, Enum. Saxif. 59. Elliott,
1.513. Spreng. Syst. 2. 361. DC. Prodr. 4.51. Eat. & Wr. 452.

Hoteia biternata. Morr. & Decaisne, Ann. Sci. Nat. 2. 2. 316, t. 11, f£. 11, 12
(seeds). Spach, Hist. Veg. 5.65. Decaisne, Ann. Sci. Nat. 2. 15. 36.

Blondia biternata. Raf. Fl. Tellur. 2. 75.

BOLANDRA Californica. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 7. 241; Bot. Calif. 1. 196.
Baillon, Hist. Pl. 3. 331.

BOYKINIA aconitifolia. Nutt. in Journ. Acad. Philad. 7.113. Torr. & Gray,
Fi. 1. 576. Gray, Am. Journ. Sci. 1. 42.21 (Lond. Journ. Bot. 1. 227); Manual, 169;
Bot. Calif. 1.196. Walp. Rep. 2. 362. Chapman, 153.

Therofon napelloides. Raf. New Flora, 4. 66.

Saxifraga aconitifolia. Fielding, Sert. Pl. t. 57. Engler, Monogr. Saxifr. 111.
B. major. Gray, Bot. Calif. 1. 196.

B. occidentalis, var. elata. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 8. 383.

324 SAXIFRAGACEZ. [Boykinia. Heuchera,

B. occidentalis. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1.577 & 698. Walp. Rep. 2.567. Gray,
Proc. Am. Acad. 8. 383; Bot. Calif. 1. 196.

Sazifraga elata.’ Nutt.; Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1.575. Walp.1l.c. Engler, 1. ¢.
B. Richardsoni. Gray, Am. Journ. Sci. 1. 42.21 (Lond. Journ. Bot. 1. 228);
Bot. Calif. 1. 196. Rothr. Fl. Alask. 447.

Saxifraga Richardsonii. Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am. 1. 247. Don, Mill. 3.209. Torr,
& Gray, Fl. 1.575. Eat. & Wr. 415. Dietr. 2. 1528. Walp. Rep. 2.-367. Ledeb:
Fl. Ross. 2. 217. Seem. Bot. Herald, 32. Hook. f. Arct. Pl. 292. Engler, 1. c. 110.

Hemieva Richardsonii. Rat. New Flora, 4. 66.

Saxifraga Nelsoniana. Hook. & Arn. Bot. Beechey, 124, t. oe not Don.

CARPENTERIA Californica. Torrey, Pl. Frem. 12, t. 7 (Regensb. Flora,
36. 706); Proc. Am. Assoc. 3.192. Gray, Am. Journ. ca.2 He 424; Bot. Calif.
1. 203. Walp. Ann. 4. 820. Baillon, Hist. Pl. 5. 349.

CHRYSOSPLENIUM alternifolium. Linn. Spec. 398. See syn. in Ledeb.
Fl. Ross. 2. 226; Middend. Fl. Taimyr. 45; Trautv. & Meyer, Fl. Ochot. 42; Pritzel,
Ind. Icon. Bot. 264.—R. Brown, Parry’s lst Voy. 275. Richard. Frankl. Journ.
2ed.19. Hook. in Parry’s 2d Voy. 895; FI. Bor.-Am. 1. 241. Cham. in Linnea,
6.557. Don, Mill. 3.227. Hook. & Arn. Bot. Beechey, 124. Torr. & Gray, Fl.
1.589. Hat. & Wr. 196. Dietr. 2. 1539. Seem. Bot. Herald, 32. Hook. f. Journ.
Linn. Soe. 1. 117 & 122; Arct. Pl. 291 & 828. Gray, Proc. Acad. Philad. 1863, 62:
Rothr. Fl. Alask. 447. Porter, Fl. Col. 40.
C. Americanum. Schweinitz in Hook. Fl. 1. 242. Don, Mill. 3.227. Darling-
ton, Fl. Cestr. 270. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1.589. Dietr. 2. 1539.. Torrey, Fl. N. ¥;
1. 258. Maximowicz, Prim. Fl. Amur. 121. Chapman, 154. Gray, Manual, 171.
C’. oppositifolium. Walter, 140, not Linn. Michx. Fl. 1. 269. Pursh, 269. Nutt.
Genera, 1. 254. Elliott, 1.511. Torrey, Fl. U. S. 445. Bigel. Fl. Bost. 154. DC.
Prodr. 2. 48, in part. Beck, Bot. 158. Eat. & Wr. 196.

C. glechomefolium. Nutt.; Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 589. Walp. Rep. 2. 369.
Cooper, Pac. R. Rep. 12. 63. Torrey, Bot. Wilkes, 312.

C. oppositifolium, var. Scoulert. Hook. Fl. Bor-Am. 1. 242. Don, Mill. 8. 227.
Dietr. 2. 1559.
DECUMARIA barbara. Linn. Spec. 2 ed. 1663. Ait. Hort. Kew. 2. 220.
Bosc, Mem. Soc. Par. 1. 76, t.13. Lam. Ill. 2. 521, t.403. Willd. Spee. 2. 850;
Enum. 516. Persoon, 2.4. Poir. Suppl. 2.459. Pursh, 328. Elliott, 1.555. Spreng.
Syst. 2. 460. DC. Prodr. 3. 206. Don, Mill. 2. 808. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 593.
Eat. & Wr. 221. Dietr. 3. 86. Loud. Arb. 2. 955, f. 679,680. Curtis, Bot. N. Car.
119. Chapman, 155. Wood, Cl.-Book, B74: Bot. & Fl. 116. Baillon, Hist. Pl.
5. 848, f. 404.

Forsythia scandens. Walter, 154.

D. sarmentosa. Bose, Willd., & Pursh, Il. ce. Elliott, 1. 534. Eat. & Wr. 221.

D. radicans. Moench, Meth. 17.

D. Forsythia. Michx. Fl. 1. 282.
FENDLERA rupicola. Engelm. & Gray; Gray, Pl. Wright. 1. 77, t. 5, & 2. 645
Pl. Thurb. 300; Ives’s Rep. 15. Torrey, Pac. R. Rep. 4. 4 & 90; Mex. Bound. 69.
Walp. Ann. 4. 820. Baillon, Hist. Pl. 3. 349. Brandegee, Fl. S. W. Col. 236.

Var. Wrightii. Gray, Pl. Wright. 1.77. Walp. Ann. 4. 820.

HEUCHERA Americana. Linn. Spec. 226. , ee Syst. 13, t. 43, f. 1.
Walter, 111. Ait. Hort. Kew. 1. 320. Lam. Dict. 3.127. Willd. Spee. 1. 1528;
Enum. 295. Persoon, 1. 290. Schkuhr, Handb. t. 58. ‘Elliott, 1. 337. Roem. &
Schult. Syst. 6.215. Haworth, Enum. Sax. 61. James, Long’s Exped. 2. 96.

2

Heuchera.] SAXIFRAGACE. 325

@

; Torrey, FJ. U. S. 1. 290; Ann. Lye. N. Y. 2. 204; Fl. N. Y. 1. 256. Bigel. Fl. Bost.

2ed. 106. Spreng. Syst. 1. 866. Seringe, DC. Prodr. 4: 51. Beck, Bot. 189. Don,
Mill. 3.229. Spach, Hist. Veg. 5.67. Lindl. Fl. Med. 273. Darling. Fl. Cestr.
175. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1.557. Eat. & Wr. 268. Dietr. 2.928. Hook. in Lond.
Journ. Bot. 6. 232. Engelm. Pl. Upp. Miss. 193. Agardh, Theor. Syst. t. 7, £13,
14. Lesqx. Fl. Ark. 362. Chapman, 152. Gray, Manual, 169. Macoun & Gib-
son, Trans. Bot. Soc. Edinb. 12. 326.

H. scapigera. Moench, Meth. 674.

HI. cortusa. Michx. Fl. 1.171. Willd. Enum. 296.

H. viscida. Pursh, 187. Poir. Suppl. 5. 700. Raf. Med. FI. 1. 243.

H. bracteata. Seringe, DC. Prodr. 4.52. Don, Mill. 3.250. Torr. & Gray, FI.
1.581. Eat. & Wr. 269. Gray, Pl. Wright. 2.64; Am. Journ. Sci. 2. 33. 409; Proce.
Acad. Philad. 1863, 62. Porter, Hayd. Rep. 1870, 475; Fl. Col. 40.

2 Tiarella trifoliata. James, Cat. 181.

Tiarella (2) bracteata. Torrey, Ann. Lye. N. Y. 2.204. Eat. & Wr. 452.

Oreotrys bracteata. Raf. Fl. Tellur. 2. 74.

H. Curtisii. Gray, Am. Journ. Sci. 1. 42. 15 (Lond. Journ. Bot. 1. 221). Chap-
man, 152. <A doubtful species.

H. caulescens, var. 8. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1.578. Wood, Cl.-Book, 372.
H. cylindrica. Dougl.; Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am. 1. 236. Don, Mill. 38. 280. Lindl.
Bot. Reg. 23, t. 1924. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1.580. Walp. Rep. 2. 369. Dietr.
2.923. Newberry, Pac. R. Rep. 6.75. Cooper, same, 12. 62. Watson, King’s
Rep. 5. 94. Porter, Hayd. Rep. 1871, 482. Coulter, same, 1872, 766. Gray,
Proc. Am. Acad. 8. 383; Bot. Calif. 1. 201. Torrey, Bot. Wilkes, 310.

H. ovalifolia. Nutt.; Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 581. Walp. Rep. 2. 370.

Hf. glabella. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 581. Walp. Rep. 2. 370.

Yamala cylindrica. Raf. Fl. Tellur. 2. 75.

Var. alpina. Watson, King’s Rep. 5. 94.

H. glabra. Willd.; Roem. & Schult. Syst. 6.216. Seringe, DC. Prodr. 4. 52.
Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am. 1. 236, t. 79. Don, Mill. 3.230. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 579.
Ledeb. Fl. Ross. 2. 229. Rothr. Fl. Alask. 447. Gray, Bot. Calif. 1. 201.

Tiarella colorans. Graham, Edinb. Phil. Journ. 1829, 349 (Litt.-Ber. zu Linnea,
1830, 158).

H. divaricata. Fisch.; Seringe, DC. Prodr. 4.51. Bongard, Veg. Sitch. 139.
Don, Mill. 3. 230.
H. Hallii. Gray, Proc. Acad. Philad. 1863, 62. Porter, Fl. Col. 41.

H. hispida. Pursh, 188. Elliott, 1.337. Roem. & Schult. Syst. 6.216. Ha-
Worth, Enum. Sax. 62. Spreng. Syst. 1. 866. Seringe, DC. Prodr. 4. 52. Don,
Mill. 3. 230. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1.579. Eat. & Wr. 268. Dietr. 2. 923. Gray, Am.
Journ. Sci. 1. 42. 16 (Lond. Journ. Bot. 1. 221); Pl. Fendl. 54; Manual, 170. En-
gelm. Pl. Upp. Miss. 193. Chapman, 152.

H. Richardsonii. KR. Brown, Frankl. Journ. 766, t. 29. Spreng. Syst. 1. 866.
Seringe, DC. Prodr. 4.52. Torrey, Ann. Lye. N. Y. 2.204. Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am.
1.237; Lond. Journ. Bot. 6. 232. Don, Mill. 3.230. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 580.
Dietr. 2. 923. Fisch. & Mey. Ind. Sem. h. Petrop. 8. 63 (Litt.-Ber. zu Linnea, 1842,
166). Parry, Pl. Minn. 613. Engelm. Pl. Upp. Miss. 193. Gray, Pac. R. Rep.
12. 43. Hook. f. Arct. Pl. 292. Pl. Bourgeau, 256.

H, lucida. Schlecht. Ind. Sem. h. Hal. 1848, 8 (Linnza, 24. 186).

H. micrantha. Dougl.; Lindl. Bot. Reg. 15, t. 1302. Seringe, DC. Prodr.
4.667. Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am. 1. 236; Lond. Journ. Bot. 6.231. Don, Mill. 3. 230.

326 SAXIFRAGACE. [Heuchera. —

Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1.579. Eat. & Wr. 269. Schlecht. Ind. Sem. h. Hal. 1849, 7
(Ann. Sci. Nat. 3. 12.361). Torrey, Pac. R. Rep. 4. 89; Mex. Bound. 69; Bot.
Wilkes, 310. Cooper, Pac. R. Rep. 12.62. Boland. Cat. 11. Gray, Proce. Am,
Acad. 8. 383; Bot. Calif. 1. 201. ‘

H. Barbarossa. Presl, Rel. Henk. 2. 56. Don, Mill. 3. 230. :

? H. pilosissima. Benth. Pl. Hartw. 311.

¢ H. erubescens. Braun & Bouché, Ind. Sem. h. Berol. 1871, Appx. 2. q
H. parvifolia. Nutt.; Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1.581. Walp. Rep. 2. 370. Gray, Pl.
Fendl. 54; Pl. Wright. 2.64; Am. Journ. Sci. 2. 33.409; Proc. Acad. Philad. |
1863, 62. Torrey, Mex. Bound. 69. Porter, Hayd. Rep. 1870, 475; 1871, 48239)
Fl. Col. 40. Watson, King’s Rep. 5. 96. Coulter, Hayd. Rep. 1872, 766. othr. —
Pl. Wheeler, 38. |
H. pilosissima. Fisch. & Mey. in Ind. Sem. h. Petrop. 5. 36 (Litt.-Ber. zu Lin- —
nea, 1839, 110). Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1, 582. Walp. Rep. 2. 370. Boland. Cat. 11. |
Gray, Bot. Calif. 1. 201.

fH. hispida. Hook. & Arn. Bot. Beechey, 347.

HI. hirtiflora. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 582. Walp. Rep.’2. 370. |
H. pubescens. Pursh, 187. Poir. Suppl. 5. 700. Roem. & Schult. Syst. 6. 216,
Haworth, Enum. Saxif. 61. Torrey, Fl. U. S. 291. Spreng. Syst. 1. 866. Seringe,
DC. Prodr. 4. 52. Don, Mill. 3.230. Beck, Bot. 189. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 57955)
Eat. & Wr. 268. Dietr. 2.928. Chapman, 152. Gray, Manual, 170.

HI, pulverulenta & reniformis. Raf. Med. Fl. 1. 243 & 244. a

HI, ribifolia. Fisch. & Lall. in Ind. Sem. h. Petrop. 8. 62 (Litt.-Ber. zu Linnea, |
1842, 166). Walp. Rep. 2. 370.
H. rubescens. Torrey, Sitgr. Rep. 160; Stansb. Rep. 388, t. 5 (Regensb. Flora,
36. 703) ; Mex. Bound. 69. Gray, Pl. Wright. 2. 63 & 64; Bot. Calif. 1. 200. Walp. |
Ann. 5. 29. Durand, Fl. Utah, 165. Watson, King’s Rep. 5. 94. Porter, Hayd.
Rep. 1871, 482. Coulter, same, 1872, 766. Kellogg, Proc. Calif. Acad. 5. 45. Par-_
ry, Am. Naturalist, 9. 270. Brandegee, Fl. 8. W. Col. 236. a |
H. Rugelii. Shuttleworth; Kunze, Linnea, 20. 43. Walp. Ann. 1. 337.

? H. glauca. Raf. Med. Fl. 1. 244.
H. sanguinea. Engelm. in Wisliz. Rep. 23. Gray, Pl. Wright. 2.63. Walp.
Ann. 3. 897.
H. villosa. Michx. Fl. 1.172. Poir. Suppl. 3. 49. Pursh, 188. Roem. & Schult. |
Syst. 6.216. Haworth, Enum. Saxif. 61. Spreng. Syst. 1. 867. Seringe, DO.
Prodr. 4. 52. Raf. Med. Fl. 1. 244. Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am. 1. 236. Don, Mill. 3. 2305 |
Spach, Hist. Veg. 5. 67. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1.578. Eat. & Wr. 269. Dietr. 2. 9235
Gray, Am. Journ. Sci. 1. 42. 15 (Lond. Journ. Bot. 1. 221). Chapman, 152. Gray,
Manual, 170.

HT. caulescens. Pursh, 188. Poir. Suppl. 5. 700. Elliott, 1. 388. Roem. & |
Schult. Syst. 6. 216. Haworth, 1. c. 62. Spreng. Syst. 1. 867. Seringe, DC. Prodr,
4.52. Don, Mill. 3.230. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 578, excl. var. Eat. & Wr. 269)
Dietr. 2. 923. Wood, Cl.-Book, 372; Bot. & Fl. 115.

HT. acerifolia & squamosa. Raf. Med. Fl. 1. 241 & 244. Seringe, DC. Prodr.
4,52. Don, Mill. 3. 231. Eat. & Wr. 269. |

H, foliosa. Raf. Med. FI. 244. |

H. parviflora. Bartling, Ind. Sem. h. Goett. 1838 (Litt.-Ber. zu Linnea, 1839, 96). i
; |

,

Heuchera. Itea.] SAXIFRAGACE. 827
Hi. acerifolia ; villosa. H. lucida ; hispida.
Barbarossa ; micrantha. Menziesii ; Tolmiea Menziesii.
Californica ; 'Tiarella unifoliata. ovalifolia ; cylindrica.
caulescens ; Curtisii, villosa. parviflora ; villosa.
Cortusa ; Americana. pilosissima ; micrantha.
divaricata ; glabra. pulverulenta ; pubescens.
erubescens ; micrantha. reniformis & ribifolia ; pubescens.
foliosa ; villosa. Richardsonii ; hispida.
glabella ; cylindrica. scapigera ; Americana.
glauca ; Rugelii. squamosa ; villosa.
hirtiflora & hispida ; pilosissima. viscida ; Americana.

longipetala ; Tiarella unifoliata. ?; Sullivantia Ohioensis.

HYDRANGEA arborescens. Linn. Spec. 397. Ait. Hort. Kew. 2.76. Lam.
Dict. 5. 150; Ill. 2. 493, t. 370, f. 1. Smith, Icon. Pict. 1. 12, under H. hortensis.
Sims, Bot. Mag. t. 437. Willd. Spec. 2. 635; Enum. 457. Schkuhr, Handb. 1. 368,
t.119. Spreng. Syst. 2. 860. DC. Prodr. 4.14. Don, Mill. 3.232. Spach, Hist.
Veg. 5.26. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1.591. Dietr. 2. 1525. Torrey, Nicol. Rep. 150.
Loud. Arb. 2. 994, f. 748. Curtis, Bot. N. Car. 100. Lesqx. Fl. Ark. 362. Chap-
man, 155. Gray, Manual, 166.

HT, frutescens. Marsh. Arbust. 61. Moench. Meth. 1. 106.

H. vulgaris. Michx. Fl. 1. 268. Persoon, 1. 486. Poir. Suppl. 3. 71. Pursh,
309. Nutt. Genera, 1.284. Elliott, 1. 509. Torrey, Fl. U. S. 442. Beck, Bot. 137.
Raf. New Flora, 3. 77. Darling. Fl. Cestr. 269. Eat. & Wr. 276.

H. acuta, glauca, heterophylla & rotundifolia. Raf. New Flora, 3. 77 & 78.

Var. cordata. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 591.

HT. cordata. Pursh, 309. Elliott, 1. 509. eee, Dendr. Brit. t. 42. Spreng.
Syst. 2. 860. DC. Prodr. 4. 14. Don, Mill. 5. 232. Raf. New Flora, 3.78. Spach,
Hist. Veg. 5. 26. Hat. & Wr. 276. Dietr. 2. 1525. Loud. Arb. 2. 995, £. 749.

Hf. vulgaris, var. cordata. Torrey, Ann. Lyc. N. Y. 2. 205.

Hf. amplifolia. Raf. 1. ec. 78.

H. quercifolia. Bartram, Trav. 582, t. 7. Willd. Spec. 2. 634. Sims, Bot. Mag.
t.975. Ait. f. Hort. Kew. 3. 63. Poir. Suppl. 8. 71. Pursh, 309. Nouv. Duham.
6. 262, t. 78. Nutt. Genera, 1. 284. Elliott, 1.510. Spreng. Syst. 2.361. DC.
Prodr. 4.14. Audubon, Birds, t. 119. Don, Mill. 3. 233. Tausch, Regensb.
Flora, 17. 493. Hook. Comp. Bot. Mag. 1. 46. Raf. New Flora, 3.79. Torr. &
Gray, Fl. 1.592. Eat. & Wr. 276. Dietr. 2. 1525 (as HZ. quinquefolia). Loud. Arb.
2.995, f. 751. Chapman, 155. Wood, CL-Book, 373; Bot. & Fl. 116.

Hf. radiata. Smith, Icon. Pict. 1.12. Poir. Suppl. 3. 71.

H. angulata. Tausch, 1. c. 17. 494.

H. radiata. Walter, 251. Tam Ill. 2. 498, t. 307, f. 2. Willd. Spec. 2. 634;
Enum. 458. Ait. f. Hort. Kew. 3.63. Poir. Suppl. 3. 71. Torrey, Fl. U. S. 443.
Beck, Bot. 137. Torr. & Gas Fl. 1.592. Curtis, Bot. N. Car. 101. Chapman,
155. Wood, Cl.-Book, 373; Bot. & FI. 116.

H. nivea. Michx. Fl. 1. 268. Persoon, 1. 486. Poir. Suppl. 3. 71. Pursh, 309.
Nutt. Genera, 1. 284. Elliott, 1.510. Watson, Dendr. Brit. t.43. Spreng. Syst.
2.361. DC. Prodr. 4.14. Don, Mill. 3.232. Spach, Hist. Veg. 5.25. Eat. &
Wr. 276. Dietr. 2. 1525. Loud. Arb. 2. 995, f. 750.

H, discolor. Raf. New Flora, 3. 79.

ITEA Virginica. Linn. Spec. 299. Marsh. Arbust. 65. L’Her. Stirp. 1. 138.
Walter, 102. Ait. Hort. Kew. 1.277. Lam. Dict. 3. 315; Ill. 2. 144, t. 147, f. 1.

528 SAXIFRAGACEZ. [Itea. Mitella.
Swartz, Obs. Bot. 93. Willd. Spec. 1. 1146; Enum. 261. Michx. Fl. 1. 157. Per-
soon, 1.175. Gaertn. Fruct. 3, t. 209. Pursh, 171. Nutt. Genera, 1. 144. Loisel.
Nouv. Duham. 6, t. 9. Roem. & Schult. Syst. 5. 408. Elliott, 1. 293. Sims, Bot.
Mag. t. 2409. Torrey, Fl. U. 8. 248. Watson, Dendr. Brit. t.12. Spreng. Syst.
1.794. DC. Prodr. 4.6. Beck, Bot. 159. Don, Mill. 3. 196. Hook. Comp. Bot.
Mag. 1. 46. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1.590. Eat. & Wr. 286. Loud. Arb. 2. 992, f. 745,
Agard. Theor. Syst. t. 12, f.. 7. Curtis, Bot. N. Car. 100. Chapman, 155. Gray,
Manual, 165. Baillon, Hist. Pl. 3. 355, f£. 409, 410.

Diconangia heterophylla. Raf. Aut. Bot. 7.
JAMESIA Americana. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1.595. Gray, Pl. Fendl. 55; Am.
Journ. Sci. 2. 33. 409; Proc. Acad. Philad. 1863,.62. Walp. Ann. 2.615. Torrey,
Pac. R. Rep. 4.90. Porter, Hayd. Rep. 1870, 475; Fl. Col. 41. Watson, King’s
Rep. 5. 97. Baillon, Hist. Pl. 3. 349. Carriere, Rev. Hort. 1874, 389, f. 52. Rothr.
Pl. Wheeler, 38. Hook. f. Bot. Mag. t. 6142.
LEPTARRHENA pyrolifolia. R. Brown, Parry’s Ist Voy. 273. Hook. FI.
Bor.-Am. 1. 256, t. 89. Seringe, DC. Prodr. 4. 48. Bongard, Veg. Sitch. 139.
Don, Mill. 3. 226. Raf. Fl. Tellur.2. 71. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1.563. Eat. & Wr:
297. Ledeb. Fl. Ross. 2. 225. Walp. Rep. 5. 827. Rothr. Fl. Alask. 447. Baillon,
Hist. Pl. 3. 333.

Saxifraga pyrolifolia. D. Don, Saxifr. in Trans. Linn. Soc. 18. 889. Spreng.
Syst. 2. 365.

Saxifraga amplexifolia. Sternb. Rev. Saxifr. Suppl. 2, t. 2; Linnea, 6. 556.
Spreng. Syst. 2. 567.

L. amplexifolia. Seringe, DC. Prodr. 4. 48. Raf. Fl. Tellur. 2. 72.

L. micrantha. Fisch.; Raf. 1. ec.

LEPUROPETALON spathulatum. Elliott, 1. 570 (Spreng. Neue Entdeck.
2.194). Spreng. Syst. 1. 940. DC. Prodr. 4. 53. Don, Mill. 3. 251. Torr. & Gray,
Fl. 1. 590.. Eat. & Wr. 297.. Gray, Pl. Wright. 1.77; Hall’s Pl. Texas, 11. Plane
chon, Ann. Sci. Nat. 4. 2. 258. Torrey, Mex. Bound. 69. Chapman, 152. Wood,
Cl.-Book, 373; Bot. & Fl. 115. Baillon, Hist. Pl. 3. 333.

Pyxidanthera spathulata. Muhl. Cat. 24.

Cryptopetalum pusillum. Hook. & Arn. in Bot. Mise. 3. 544.

L. pusillum. C. Gay, Fl. Chil. 3, 43.

MITELLA Breweri. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 6. 533; Bot. Calif. 1. 199.

M. caulescens. Nutt.; Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1.586. Walp. Rep. 2.371. Gray,
Proc. Am. Acad. 8. 383; Bot. Calif. 1.200. Torrey, Bot. Wilkes, 311.

M. diphylla. Linn. Spec. 406. Hill, Veg. Syst. 13, t. 32,f.1. Gaertn. Fruct.
1. 208, t. 44, f.6. Ait. Hort. Kew. 2. 88.. Lam. Dict. 4. 195; Ill 2. 595, t. 373, £. 1.
Willd. Spee. 2. 659; Enum. 463. Michx. Fl. 1.270. Persoon, 1. 491. Schkuhr,
Handb. 1. 375,t. 120. Pursh, 313. Ker, Bot. Reg. 2,t. 166. Haworth, Enum.
Saxifr. 57. Barton, Fl. N. Am.3. 51, t. 89. Bigel. Fl. Bost. 2 ed. 178. Torrey,
Fl. U.S. 446; Fl. N. Y. 1.257. Spreng. Syst. 2. 361. Seringe, DC. Prodr. 4. 49.
Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am. 1. 240. Beck, Bot. 188. Don, Mill. 3.227. Spach, Hist. Veg.
5. 62. Darling. Fl. Cestr. 271. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 586. Eat. & Wr. 321. Dietr.
2.1539. Chapman, 154. Gray, Manual, 170; Bot. Calif. 1. 200.

M. nuda. Linn. Spec. 406. See syn. in Ledeb. Fl. Ross. 2. 228.— Ait. f. Hort.
Kew. 3. 73. Haworth, Enum. Saxifr. 58. Richard. Frankl. Journ. 10. Hook. Fl.
Bor.-Am. 1. 240. Don, Mill. 3.228. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 586. Dietr. 2. 1538.
Torrey, Fl. N. Y. 1. 257. Hook. f. Arct. Pl. 291. Pl. Bourgeau, 256. Gray, Mam-
ual, 170; Bot. Calif. 1.200. Baillon, Hist. Pl. 3. 350, f 369.

|

‘Mitella. Parnassia.] SAXIFRAGACES. 329

M. reniformis. Lam. Ill. 2. 895, t. 373, f. 2; Dict. 4.196. Pursh, 314. Spreng.
Syst. 2. 361.

M. cordifolia. Lam. Ill. 1. c. f. 3; Dict. 4.196. Willd. Spec. 2. 660. Michx. Fl.
1.270. Persoon, 1. 491. Pursh, 314. Haworth, 1.c. 57. Torrey, Fl. U. S. 446.
Spreng. Syst. 2.361. Seringe, DC. Prodr. 4.49. Beck, Bot. 159. Spach, Hist.
Veg. 5.63. Eat. & Wr. 521. fF

% Tiarella unifolia. Retz, Obs. Bot. Fasc. 3. 30.

Var. 8. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1.586. Walp. Rep. 2. 371.

M. prostrata. Michx. Fl. 1.270. Persoon, 1.491. Poir. Suppl. 3.710. Ha-

worth, l.c. 57. Bigel. Fl. Bost. 2 ed. 179. Spreng. Syst. 2.361. Seringe, DC.
Prodr. 4.49. Eat. & Wr. 321.
M. pentandra. Hook. Bot. Mag. t. 2933; Fl. Bor.-Am. hy 241. Graham, Edinb.
Phil. Journ. 1829, 346. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 586. Dietr. 2. 1539. Newberry, Pace.
R. Rep. 6.74. Gray, Am. Journ. Sci. 2. 33. 409 ; Ba Acad. Philad. 1863, 62;
Bot. Calif. 1. 200. Watson, King’s Rep. 5.95. Porter, Hayd. Rep. 1871, 482; FI.
Col. 40. Coulter, Hayd. Rep. 1872, 766. Baillon, Hist. Pl. 3. 350, £370. Tor-
rey, Bot. Wilkes, 312.

Drummondia mitelloides. DC. Prodr. 4.50. Don, Mill. 8. 228, f.50. Spach,
Hist. Veg. 5. 64. Eat. & Wr. 230.

Pectiantia mitelloides. Raf. Fl. Tellur. 2. 72.

Mitellopsis Drummondia. Meissner, Pl. Vase. Gen. 1. 100.

Mitellopsis pentandra. Walp. Rep. 2. 370.

M. trifida. Graham, Edinb. Phil. Journ. 1829, 185 (Litt.-Ber. zu Linnea, 1830,

155). Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am. 1. 241, t.82; Lond. Journ. Bot. 6. 232. Don, Mill.
e228. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 587. Eat. & Wr. 321. Dietr. 2. 1538. Watson,
King’s Rep. 5. 95. Coulter, lc. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 8. 383; Bot. Calif. 1. 200.

zomelis varians. Raf. Fl. Tellur. 2. 75.

Mitellopsis trifida. Meissner, 1.c. Walp. Rep. 2. 570.
PARNASSIA asarifolia. Ventenat, Jard. Malm. t. 39 (Schrad. Journ. Bot.
1807, 77; Koenig, Ann. Bot. 1.390). Persoon, 1.3851. Pursh, 208. Poir. Suppl.
4.302. Roem. & Schult. Syst. 6. 696. Elliott, 1.572. DC. Prodr. 1. 320. Spreng.
Syst. 1.951. Don, Mill. 1. 3848. ‘Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1.149. Eat. & Wr. 348. Dietr.
2.1016. Chapman, 38. Gray, Manual, 167.

P.nudata. Raf. Autikon Bot. 41.
P. Caroliniana. Michx. Fl. 1.184. Persoon, 1.331. Ait. f. Hort. Kew. 2. 177.
Sims, Bot. Mag. t.1459. Pursh, 208. Poir. Suppl. 4. 302. Elliott, 1. 871. Roem.
& Schult. Syst. 6.696. Goldie, Edinb. Phil. Trans. 6. 325. DC. Prodr. 1. 320.
Torrey, Fl. U. S. 326; Fl. N. Y. 1. 83,t.11. Spreng. Syst. 1. 950. Bigel. Fl. Bost.
Zed. 129. Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am. 1. 83. Don, Mill. 1. 348. mee Bot. 43. Maund,
Bot. Gard.12,t. 550. Torr. & Gray, Fl.1.149. Dietr. 2.1016. Walp. Rep.
1.231. Gray, Genera Ill. 1. 200, t. 86; Manual, 167; aun Journ. Sci. 3. 2. 307;
Am. Naturalist, 5. 649. Lesqx. Fl. Ark. 350. Chapman, 38.

P. palustris. Michx. Fl. 1.184% Pursh, 208. Torrey, Fl. U. S. 326

P. Americana. Muhl. Cat. 32. Eat. & Wr. 342.

P. ovata. Muhl. Cat. 32.

* P. ovata, var. (?) Belvisii. DC. Prodr. 1. 820. Don, Mill. 1. 348.

P. rotundifolia, grandiflora, glauca & repanda. Raf. Autikon Bot. 41 & 42.
Var. 8. Hook. Journ. Bot. 1.194. Torr. & Gray, FI. 1. 149.

P. grandifolia. DC. Prodr. 1. 320. Don, Mill. 1. 348. Dietr. 2. 1016.

P. fimbriata. Koenig, Ann. Bot. 1. 391. DC. Prodr. 1. 320. Spreng. Syst. 1. 951.
Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am. 1. 84; Bot. Misc. 1. 48, t. 23. Don, Mill. 1. 348. Torr. & Gray,

pees

330 SAXIFRAGACEZ. [Parnassia. Philadelphus.

Fl. 1.150. Eat. & Wr. 343. Dietr. 2.1016. Torrey, Frem. Rep. 87. Pl. Bour-
geau, 257. Gray, Proc. Acad. Philad. 1863, 58 ; Bot. Calif. 1. 202. Watson, King’s
Rep. 5.97. Porter, Hayd. Rep. 1871, 483; Fl. Col. 41. Coulter, Hayd. Rep. ©
1872, 766. Rothr. Pl. Wheeler, 38.
P. Kotzebuei. Cham. & Schlecht. in Linnea, 1. 549. Spreng. Syst. 1. 951.
Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am. 1.°85, t. 28; Lond. Journ. Bot. 6.73. Don, Mill. 1. 348. Torr.
& Gray, Fl. 1.149. Hook. & Arn. Bot. Beechey, 122. Eat. & Wr. 343. Dietr.
1016. Ledeb. Fl. Ross. 1. 264. Hornem. Fl. Dan. 15, t. 2286. Walp. Rep.

. 231. Seem. Bot. Herald, 25. Lange, Pl. Groenl. 131. Ascherson, Regensb.
ae 43. 370. Regel, Fl. Ost-Sib. 1.264. Hook. f. Arct. Pl. 291 & 328. PE
Bourgeau, 257. Gray, Proc. Acad. Philad. 1863, 58. Rothr. Fl. Alask. 444.
P. palustris. Linn. Spec. 273. See syn. in Ledeb. FI. Ross. 1. 262; Regel, Fl.
Ost-Sib. 1. 259; Miquel, Ann. Mus. Lugd.-Bat. 3. 97; Pritzel, Index Icon. Bot. 801.
— Schrank, Pfl. Lab. 18. Richard. Frankl. Journ. 7. Cham. & Schlecht. in Lin-
nea, 1. 549. Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am. 1. 82. Meyer, Fl. Lab. 88. Beck, Bot. 48. Hook.
& Arn. Bot. Beechey, 122. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1.148. Eat. & Wr. 348. Seem. Bot.
Herald, 25 & 51. Hook. f. Arct. Pl. 291. Pl. Bourgeau, 257. Rothr. Fl. Alask
444. Matthew, Fl. Acad. 15. Gray, Manual, 167; Am. Journ. Sci. 3. 2. 307; Bot.
Calif. 1.202. Porter, Hayd. Rep. 1871, 482.

Var. Californica. Gray, Bot. Calif. 1. 202.

P. parviflora. DC. Prodr. 1.820. Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am. 1. 82, t.27. Don, Mill’
1. 348. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1.149; Pac. R. Rep. 2. 126. Eat. & Wr. 343. Dietr
2.1016. | Torrey, Frem. Rep. 87; Bot. Wilkes, 310. Gray, Proc. Acad. Philad.
18638, 58; Mancal 166. Watson, King’s Rep. 5. 97 & 420. Porter, Hayd. Rep.
1871, 483; Fl. Col. 41. Coulter, Hayd. Rep. 1872, 766. Gillman, Am. Natural
ist, 8. 805. Rothr. Pl. Wheeler, 38. Macoun & Gibson, Trans. Bot. Soc. Edinb.
12a S25.
PHILADELPHUS coronartus, Linn. Gray, Manual, 166.

P. Zeyheri & verrucosus. Schrader, DC. Prodr. 3. 205; Linnea, 12. 390 & 3925 __
fide Maximowicz, Rev. Hy eons in Mém. Acad. Peters. 7. 10. 38, & Ind. Sem.
Petrop. 1866, 4. Don, Mill. 2. 807. Loud. Arb. 2. 952, f. 675.

P. Gordonianus. Lindl. Bot. ee: 24, Mise. 21; 25, t. $2. Torr. & Gray, ER
1. 595. Walp. Rep. 2.151. Dietr. 3. 81. Cooper, Pac. R. Rep. 12. 30 & 62. Gray,
Bot. Calif. 1. 202. Referred to P. Lense by Torrey, Bot. Wilkes, 312.
P. grandiflorus. Willd. Enum. 511. Pursh, 529. Poir. Suppl. 5. 135. —_ Elliott,
1. 538. Spreng. Syst. 2. 498. Guimp. Otto & Hayne, t. 44. Schrader, DC. Prodr.
3. 206; Linnea, 12. 395. Sweet, Brit. Fl. Gard. 2 ser. t. 8. Don, Mill. 2. 808.
Spach, Hist. Veg. 5.16. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1.595. Eat. & Wr. 354. Dietr. 3. 8h
Loud. Arb. 2. 954, £676. Curtis, Bot. N. Car. 101. Chapman, 156. Schnizl. |
Icon. t. 265, f. 14-21 (fruit). Wood, Cl.-Book, 374. Maximowicz, ll. cc. 45 & 5, |
P. inodorus. Michx. Fl. 1. 283. Poir. Dict, 7.119. Salisb. Parad. Lond. t. 128. |
P. speciosus. Schrader, DC. Prodr. 3. 206; Linnea, 12. 397. Don, Mill. 2. 807.
Lindl. Bot. Reg. 23, t. 2003. (
P. inodorus, var. grandiflorus. Gray, Manual, 166. Wood, Bot. & Fl. 116.
Var. laxus. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1.595. Dietr. 3. 81.
P.laxus. Schrader, DC. Prodr. 3. 206; Linnea, 12. 398. Don, Mill. 2. 807.
Lindl. Bot. Reg. 25, t.39. Loud. Arb. 2. 954, f. 677.
Var. floribundus. ‘Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1.595. Dietr. 8. 81. Loud. Arb. 2. 958, |

f. 676.
P. inodorus. Barton, Elem. Bot. Appx. 28, t. 18.

Co
eo
es

Philadelphus. Ribes.] SAXIFRAGACEX.

P. grandiflorus. Ker, Bot. Reg. 7, t. 570.

P. floribundus & latifolius. Schrader, DC. Prodr. 3. 205 & 206; Linnea, 12. 391
& 394. Don, Mill. 2. 807. Spach, Hist. Veg. 5. 15 & 16.

P. coronarius, vars. floribundus & latifolius. Maximowicz, ll. cc. 42 & 4.
P. hirsutus. Nutt. Genera, 1.301. Spreng. Syst. 2. 498. DC. Prodr. 3. 206.
Sweet, Brit. Fl. Gard. 2 ser. t.119. Don, Mill. 2.808. Spach, Hist. Veg. 5. 17.
Lindl. Bot. Reg. 24,t.14. Torr. & Gray, Fl.1.595. Eat. & Wr. 354. Dietr.
3. 81. Loud. Arb. 2. 954, f. 678. Curtis, Bot. N. Car. 101. Chapman, 156. Hook.
Bot. Mag. t. 5334.

P. trinervius. Schrader, Linnea, 12. 599.

P. inodorus, var. hirsutus. Wood, Bot. & Fl. 116.

P. inodorus. Linn. Spec. 470. Marsh. Arbust. 99. Walter, 146. Willd. Spec.
2.948. Nouv. Duham. 1.71. Persoon, 2.24. Ait. f. Hort. Kew. 3.180. Sims,
Bot. Mag. t. 1478. Pursh, 829. Elliott, 1. 588. Spreng. Syst. 2. 493. DC.
Prodr. 3. 206. Don, Mill. 2. 808. Spach, Hist. Veg. 5.18. Schrader, Linnea,
12.401. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1.594. Eat. & Wr. 554. Dietr. 3.81. Loud. Arb.
2. 952, f. 674. Leavenworth, Am. Journ. Sci. 1. 49. 180. Chapman, 156. Gray,
Manual, 166, excl. var.

Syringa inodora. Moench, Meth. 678.
P. Lewisii. Pursh, 329. Poir. Suppl. 5. 185. Spreng. Syst. 2. 4938. DC. Prodr.
3. 206. Hook. Fl. Bor-Am. 1. 220; Lond. Journ. Bot. 6. 231. Don, Mill. 2. 808.
Spach, Hist. Veg. 5.18. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1.595. Hat. & Wr. 354. Dietr. 3. 81.
Cooper, Pac. R. Rep. 12. 62. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 8. 383; Bot. Calif. 1. 202.
Torrey, Bot. Wilkes, 312.

P. grandiflorus, var.? Maximowicz, ll. ce. 45 & 5.
Var. Californicus. Gray, Bot. Calif. 1. 202. :

P. Californicus. Benth. Pl. Hartw. 309. Walp. Ann. 2. 614 & 7.905. Torrey,
Pac. R. Rep. 4. 90. Lemaire, Ill. Hort. 5, Mise. 65. Boland. Cat. 11.

P. Lewisii, var. parvifolius. Torrey, Pac. R. Rep. 4. 90.
P. microphyllus. Gray, Pl. Fendl. 54. Walp. Ann. 2.614. Porter, Fl. Col. 41.

P. serpyllifolius. Gray, Pl. Wright. 1.77 & 2.64. Walp. Ann. 4. 821. Tor-
rey, Mex. Bound. 69. Referred to P. Mexicanus, Schlecht., by Seemann in Bot.
Herald, 294.

RIBES aureum. Pursh, 164. Ker, Bot. Reg. 2,t. 125. Poir. Suppl. 5. 696.
Bradb. Cat. 336. Nutt. Genera, 1. 140; Journ. Acad. Philad. 7.26. Roem. & Schult.
Syst. 5.497. James, Cat. 177; Long’s Exped. 2. 185. Spreng. Syst. 1.811. Guimp.
Otto & Hayne, t.2. Wendland in Bartl. & Wendl. Beitr. Bot. 2.17. Torrey, Ann.
Lye. N. Y. 2. 203; Nicol. Rep. 150; Sitgr. Rep. 160; Marcy’s Rep. 286; Bot.
Wilkes, 306. Lindl. Trans. Hort. Soc. 7. 241 (Litt-Ber. zu Linnea, 1830, 109).
Berlandier, Mém. Soc. Geneve, 3, t. 2, f. 23; DC. Prodr. 3. 483. Maund, Bot.
Gard. 4, t.189. Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am. 1. 235; Lond. Journ. Bot. 6. 229. Don, Mill.
meavl, Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1.552; Pac. R. Rep. 2.165. MDietr. 1.852. Tat. &
Wr. 395. Walp. Rep. 2. 361. Loud. Arb. 2. 989, f. 742,743. Gray, Pl. Fendl.
54; Pac. R. Rep. 12. 43; Ives’s Rep. 15; Proc. Acad. Philad. 1863, 61; Bot. Calif.
1.207. Engelm. Pl. Upp. Miss. 193. Wood, Cl.-Book, 361; Bot. & Fl.117. PI.
Bourgeau, 257. Watson, King’s Rep. 5. 100; Pl. Wheeler, 9. Porter, Hayd. Rep.
1871, 481; Fl. Col. 42. Rothr. Pl. Wheeler, 38.

R. longiflorum. Nutt. in Fraser’s Cat. 1813.

R. odoratum. Wendland, 1. c. 2. 15.

R. ebracteatum. Berlandier, Mém. Soc. Genév. 3?. 60, t. 2, f. 24.

332 SAXIFRAGACE. [Ribes.

R. flavum. Colla, Hort. Ripul. Appx. 3. 2, t.1,B, in Mem. Accad. Torin. 33
(Litt.-Ber. zu Linnea, 1829, 57). Berland. in DC. Prodr. 3. 488. Don, Mill. 3. 191.
Loud. Arb. 2. 990.

R. fragrans. Wodd. Bot. Cab. t. 1533.

Chrysobotrya revoluta & intermedia. Spach, Ann. Sci. Nat. 2.4.18, t.1, A,B;
Hist. Veg. 6. 149, t. 47, f. 2. Nees, Pl. Neuwied, 10.

R. Oregoni. Herineq, Hortic. Franc. 1872, t. 8 (Gard. Chronicle, 1874, 179).

Var. tenuiflorum. meee Pac. R. Rep. 4. 88; Mex. Bound. 68.

RR. tenuiflorum. Lindl. Trans. Hort. Soc. 7. 242; Bot. Reg. 15, t. 1274 (Litt.-
Ber. zu Linnea, 1830, 104). Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am. 1. 235. Don, Mill. 8.191. Hook.
& Arn. Bot. Beechey, 345. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 552. Eat. & Wr. 895. Walp. Rep.
2. 861. Loud. Arb. 2. 990, f. 744. Gray, Pl. Wright. 2. 63.

R. aureum. Colla, 1. e.

Chrysobotrya Lindleyana. Spach, Ann. Sci. Nat. 2. 4. 20, t.1,C; Hist. Veg.
Gulbis

R. bracteosum. Dougl.; Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am. 1. 233. Bongard, Veg. Sitch. 138
(Presl, Repert. Bot. 1. 314). Don, Mill. 5.186. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 550. Dietr.
1.852. Eat. & Wr. 395. Walp. Rep. 2.359. ~Ledeb. Fl. Ross. 2.201. Cooper,
Pac. R. Rep. 12.31 & 61. Rothr. Fl. Alask. 446. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 8. 383;
Bot. Calif. 1. 206. Maximowicz, Bull. Acad. Petersb. 19. 253 (Mel. Biolog. 9. 222).

R. cereum. Dougl. in Trans. Hort. Soc. 7.312. Lindl. Bot. Reg. 15, t. 1263.
ood Fl. Bor.-Am. 1. 234; Bot. Mag. t. 3008; Lond. Journ. Bot. 6. 228. Don,
Mill. 8.190. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1.551. Dietr. 1.852. Eat. & Wr. 395. Walp.
Rep. 2, 359. Loud. Arb. 2. 986, f.737. Torrey, Frem. Rep. 90; Emory’s Rep.
408; Sitgr. Rep. 160; Bot. Wilkes, 505. Gray, Pl. Fendl. 55; Ives’s Rep. 15; Am.
Journ. Sci. 2. 33. 408; Proc. Acad. Philad. 1863, 61; Bot. Calif. 1.207. Cooper,
Pac. R. Rep. 12.30. Watson, King’s Rep. 5. 99; Pl. Wheeler, 8. Porter, Hayd.
Rep: 1871, 482; Fl. Col. 42. Rothr. PI. Wheeler: 38:

R. resinosum. James, Cat. 177.

R. inebrians. Lindl. Bot. Reg. 17, t. 1471. Don, Mill. 3.190. Dietr. 1. 852.
Loud. Arb. 2. 34, f. 736.

R. reniforme. Nuttall, Journ. Acad. Philad. Nee

Cerophyllum Douglasii. Spach, Hist. Veg. 6. oR

R. balsamifera. Kellogg, Proc. Calif. Acad. 2. 94, f. 25.

Var. pedicellare. Gray, Bot. Calif. 1. 207.

R. Cynosbati. Linn. Spec. 202. Jacquin, Hort. Vindob. 2, t.123. Marsh. Ar-
bust. 133. Lam. Dict. 3.51. Ait. Hort. Kew. 1.281. Moench, Meth. 684. Willd5 =
Spec. 1.1159. Michx. Fl. 1.110. Nouv. Duham. 3. 232. Persoon, 1. 252. Pursh,
166. Roem. & Schult. Syst. 5. 506. Torrey, FI. U.S: 270; Fl. N. Y. 1. 246. Bigel:
Fl. Bost. 2 ed. 91. Spreng. Syst. 1.812. Guimp. Otto & Hayne, t.135. Berlandier,
Mém. Soc. Genev. 32, t. 1, ££ 3; DC. Prodr. 3.479. Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am. 1. 280.
Don, Mill. 3.178. Beck, Bot. 137. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 545. Dietr. 1.853. Eat.
& Wr. 395. Nees, Pl. Neuwied, 10. Loud. Arb. 2. 970, £719. Emerson, Trees
of Mass. 420. Richard. Arct. Exped. 428. Parry, Pl. Minn. 612. Curtis, Bot.
N. Car. 84. Chapman, 145. Gray, Manual, 164; Am. Naturalist, 10. 272 (Gard.
Chronicle, 9. 485).

R. gracile. Torrey, Fl. U. 8. 269.

Grossularia Cynosbati. Spach, Hist. Veg. 6. 178.

R. oryacanthoides, var. y. Torr. & Gray, Fl. é 546.

R. oxyacanthoides. Pl. Bourgeau, 256.

Ribes.] SAXIFRAGACEZ. 393

R. divaricatum. Dougl. in Trans. Hort. Soe. 7.515. Lindl. Bot. Reg. 16, under
t. 1349, & t.1359. Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am. 1. 231; Lond. Journ. Bot. 6.229. Don,
Mill. 8.178. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1.547. Dietr. 1. 852. Eat. & Wr. 396. Walp.
Rep. 2. 3857. Loud. Arb. 2. 970, f.'720. Benth. Pl. Hartw. 311. Gray, Pl. Fendl.
53; Proc. Am. Acad. 8. 383; Am. Naturalist, 10. 273 (Gard. Chronicle, 9. 485) ;
Bot. Calif. 1.205. Richard. Arct. Exped. 428. Torrey, Pac. R. Rep. 4. 88; Mex.
Bound. 68 ; Bot. Wilkes, 304. Newberry, Pac. R. Rep. 6.74. Cooper, same, 12. 30
& 61. Bolander, Proc. Calif. Acad. 3. 80; Cat. 11.
Grossularia divaricata. Spach, Hist. Veg. 6. 177.
R. triflorum. Wook. & Arn. Bot. Beechey, 346.
R. villosum. Nutt.; Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 547. Walp. Rep. 2. 357.
Var. irriguum. Gray, Am. Naturalist, 10. 275; Bot. Calif. 1. 206.
R. irriquim. YDougl. in Trans. Hort. Soc. 7.516. Hook. Fl. Bor-Am. 1. 251.
Lindl. Bot. Reg. 16, under t. 1849. Don, Mill. 3.178. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 547.
Eat. & Wr. 396. Walp. Rep. 2. 3858. Loud. Arb. 2. 971, f 721. Torrey, Frem.
Rep. 90; Sitgr. Rep. 160. Watson, King’s Rep. 5. 98. Porter, Fl. Col. 42.
Grossularia irrigua. Spach, Hist. Veg. 6. 179.
R. triflorum. Took. in Lond. Journ. Bot. 6. 228.
R. floridum. JL’Her. Stirp. 1.4 (Ehrh. Beitr. 6.119). Ait. Hort. Kew. 1. 280.
Willd. Spee. 1.1156; Enum. 262. Pursh, 164. Roem. & Schult. Syst. 5. 499.
Richard. Frankl. Journ. 6; Arct. Exped. 429. Bigel. Fl. Bost. 2 ed. 90. Torrey,
HI. U. S. 267; Fl. N. Y. 1.248; Nicol. Rep. 150. Guimp. Otto & Hayne, t. 1.
Spreng. Syst. 1.811. Berland. Mem. Soe. Geney. 3?, t. 2, f. 22; DC. Prodr. 5, 483.
Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am. 1. 233. Don, Mill. 3.190. Beck, Bot. 150. Darling. Fl. Cestr.
160. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 549. Dietr. 1.852. Eat. & Wr. 394. Nees, Pl. Neu-
wied, 10. Loud. Arb. 2. 985, f.'735. _ Emerson, Trees of Mass. 422. Parry, PI.
| Minn. 612. Engelm. Pl. Upp. Miss. 193. Tuckerman, Josselyn’s Rarities, 82.
Gray, Pac. R. Rep. 12. 43; Manual, 165. Lesqx. Fl. Ark. 361. Pl. Bourgeau, 256.
Porter, Fl. Col. 42.
R. nigrum, var. B. Linn. Spec. 201.
| R. nigrum, var. Pennsylvanicum. Marshall, Arbust. 132.
R. Pennsylvanicum. Lam. Dict. 3. 49. Persoon, 1. 251. Nouv. Duham. 3. 229.
R. campanulatum. Moench, Meth. 685.
R. recurvatum. Michx. Fl. 1.109. Persoon, 1. 251. Pursh, 164. Poir. Suppl.
5. 696. Roem. & Schult. Syst. 5.498. Berland. 1. c. 3. 482. Dietr. 1. 851.
Coreosma florida. Spach, Ann. Sci. Nat. 2. 4.22; Hist. Veg. 6. 157.
R. gracile. Michx. Fl.1.111. Persoon, 1. 252. Poir. Suppl. 2. 857. Spreng.
Syst. 1.812. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 546. Eat. & Wr. 395. Chapman, 145. Wood,
Cl.-Book, 362. Gray, Am. Naturalist, 10. 272 (Gard. Chron. 9. 485).
R. niveum. Lindl. Bot. Reg. 20, t. 1692 (Litt-Ber. zu Linnea, 1835, 56). Torr.
& Gray, Fl. 1. 548. Walp. Rep. 2. 358. Loud. Arb. 2. 969, f. 718. Cooper, Pac.
R. Rep. 12. 30 & 61.
_ +R. triflorum. Hook. FI. Bor.-Am. 1. 230.
Grossularia nivea, Spach, Hist. Veg. 6. 179.
R. Missouriense. Nutt.; Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 548. Walp. Rep. 2. 358. Torrey,
Nicol. Rep. 150.
R. rotundifolium, var. Engelm. Pl. Upp. Miss. 193.

R. Hudsonianum. Richard. Frankl. Journ. 2 ed. 6; Arct. Exped. 429. Hook.
Fi. Bor.-Am. 1. 233; Lond. Journ. Bot. 6. 228. Don, Mill. 3.190. Torr. & Gray,
Fl.1.549. Eat. & Wr. 395. Walp. Rep. 2. 359. Loud. Arb. 2. 987. Hook. f.
Arct. Pl. 291. Rothr. Fl. Alask. 446. Gray, Bot. Calif. 1. 206.

34 _SAXIFRAGACEZ.

G9

[Ribes,

R. nigrum. Richard. Frankl. Journ. 1 ed. 6.

R. bracteosum. Watson, King’s Rep 5.99. Porter, Hayd. Rep. 1871, 482. Coul-
ter, same, 1872, 766. :

Var. 8. Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am. 233. Torr. & Gray, 1. ¢.

f. petiolare. Dougl. in Trans. Hort. Soc. 7. 514. Lindl. Bot. Reg. 16, under
t. 1349.
R. lacustre. Poir. Suppl. 2. 856. Pursh, 165. Nutt. Genera, 1. 140. Roem. &
Schult. Syst. 5. 506. Bigel. Fl. Bost. 2 ed. 91. Torrey, Fl. U. S. 270; Fl. N.Y.
1. 247; Nicol. Rep. 150; Frem. Rep. 90; Bot. Wilkes, 805. Lodd. Bot. Cab. t. 884.
Spreng. Syst. 1.812. Guimp. Otto & Hayne, t. 136. Berlandier, DC. Prodr. 3. 478.
Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am. 1. 232; Lond. Journ. Bot. 6. 228. Don, Mill. 3.178. Beck,
Bot. 136. .Spach, Hist. Veg. 6.164. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 548. Dietr. 1. 853,
Eat. & Wr. 395. Loud. Arb. 2. 976, f.'724. Emerson, Trees of Mass. 421. Rich-
ard. Arct. Exped. 428. Seem. Bot. Herald, 52. Newberry, Pac. R. Rep. 6. 74.
Cooper, same, 12. 31 & 61. Hook. f. Arct. Pl. 291. Pl. Bourgeau, 256. othr.
Fl. Alask. 446. Gray, Manual, 165; Am. Naturalist, 10. 270 (Gard. Chronicle,
9. 484). Watson, King’s Rep. 5. 98. Porter, Hayd. Rep. 1871, 482; Fl. Col. 42.
Coulter, Hayd. Rep. 1872, 766. Maxim. in Bull. Acad. Petersb. 19. 256 (Melang.
Biolog. 9. 226).

ft. oxyacanthoides. Marsh. Arbust. 182% Michx. Fl. 1.111. Persoon, 1. 252.

R. oxyacanthoides, var. lacustre. Persoon, 1. 252.

R. echinatum. Dougl.; Lindl. Bot. Reg. 16, under t. 1349.

Var. parvulum. Gray, Bot. Calif. 1. 206.

RR. palustre, var. Gray, Am. Journ. Sci. 2. 88. 409. Watson, King’s Rep. 5. 99.
Coulter, Hayd. Rep. 1872, 766. Rothr. Pl. Wheeler, 38.

Rh. setosum. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 8, 388.

Var. molle. Gray, Bot. Calif. 1. 206.

R. laxiflorum. Pursh, 731. See syn. in Ledeb. Fl. Ross. 2. 200 (under R. affine) ;
Maximowicz, 1. c. 257 (227). — Poir. Suppl. 5. 696. Roem. & Schult. Syst. 5. 499.
Spreng. Syst. 1. 810. Berlandier, DC. Prodr. 3.482. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 550,
Dietr. 1. 852. Eat. & Wr. 395. Cooper, Pac. R. Rep. 12.31 &61. Rothr. EL
Alask. 446. Gray, Bot. Calif. 1. 206.

R. Americanum. Pall. Fi. Ross. 254.

R. palustre, var. B. Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am. 1. 232.

R. affine. Dougl.; Bongard, Veg. Sitch. 158 (Presl, Repert. Bot. 1. 515). Dietr.
1. 852. Ledeb. Fl. Ross. 2. 200.
R. leptanthum. Gray, Pl. Fendl. 53; Pl. Wright. 2.63; Proc. Acad. Philad.
1863, 61; Am. Naturalist, 10. 271 (Gard. Chronicle, 9. 484); Bot. Calif. 1. 205.
Walp. Ann. 2. 687. Torrey, Pac. R. Rep. 4. 88; Mex. Bound. 68. Watson, King’s
Rep. 5. 98, in part; Pl. Wheeler, 8. Porter, Fl. Col. 42. Rothr. Pl. Wheeler, 38.

Var. brachyanthum. Gray, Bot. Calif. 1. 205.
R. leptanthum. Watson, King’s Rep., mostly.
R. Lobbii. Gray, Am. Nat. 10. 274 (Gard. Chronicle, 9. 485); Bot. Calif. 1. 205.
R. subvestitum. Took. Bot. Mag. t. 4931, not Hook. & Arn.
R. Menziesii. Pursh, 732. Poir. Suppl. 5. 696. Roem. & Schult. Syst. 5. 507.
Spreng. Syst. 1. 812. Berlandier, DC. Prodr. 3. 478. Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am. 1. 229.
Don, Mill. 3.185. Lindl. Bot. Reg. 34, Misc. 25, & 33, t.56. Hook. & Arn. Bot.
Beechey, 141 & 345. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1.545. Dietr. 1. 853. Eat. & Wr. 396.
Benth. Bot. Sulph. 17. Newberry, Pac. R. Rep. 6. 74. Torrey, Mex. Bound. 68,
t. 23; Bot. Wilkes, 304. Boland. Cat.11. Gray, Bot. Calif. 1. 204.

'

Ribes.| SAXIFRAGACEZE.

Or

oo
od

R. ferox. Smith, Rees Cyc. Berlandier, DC. Prodr. 3.478. Dietr. 1. 853.

R. Californicum. Wook. & Arn. Bot. Beechey, 346. Torr. & Gray, FI. 1. 548.
Walp. Rep. 2. 358. Gray, Pac. R. Rep. 4. 88. Torrey, same, 7. 11; Mex. Bound.
68; Bot. Wilkes, 304. Anderson, Cat. Pl. Nev. 120.

R. occidentale. Hook. & Arn.l.c. Torr. & Gray,l.c. Walp. Rep. 2. 358.
Benth. Pl. Hartw. 311.

R. subvestitum. Hook. & Arn.1.c. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1.545. Walp. Rep. 2. 357.

_Bolander, Proce. Calif. Acad. 1. 54 & 67; Cat. 11.

*R. oxyacanthoides. Linn. Spec. 201. Lam. Dict. 3. 51. Ait. Hort. Kew.
1. 281. Willd. Spec. 1.1159. Nouv. Duham. 3. 232. Pursh, 165. Roem. &
Schult. Syst. 5.506. Torrey, Fl. U. S.270; Pac. R. Rep. 4.88. Spreng. Syst.
1.812. Berland. Mém. Soc. Genév. 3?, t. 1, £1; DC. Prodr. 5. 478. Don, Mill.
8.177. Beck, Bot. 180. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 546, excl. var. Eat. & Wr. 395.
Walp. Rep. 2. 357. Loud. Arb. 2. 968, t. 715. Hook. in Lond. Journ. Bot. 6. 228.
Porter, Hayd. Rep. 1871, 482. Gray, Am. Naturalist, 10.275 (Gard. Chronicle,
9. 485); Bot. Calif. 1. 206.
R. hirtellum. Michx. Fl. 1.111. Persoon, 1. 252. Poir. Suppl. 2. 857. Pursh,
163. Roem. & Schult. Syst. 5.501. Spreng. Syst. 1.812. Berlandier, DC. Prodr.
8.479. Hook. FI. Bor.-Am. 1. 231. Don, Mill. 3.178. Beck, Bot. 156. Torr. &
Gray, Fl. 1. 546. Dietr. 1.853. Eat. & Wr. 395. Loud. Arb. 2. 971. Emerson,
Trees of Mass. 420. Richard. Arct. Exped. 428. Engelm. Pl. Upp. Miss. 193.
Tuckerman, Josselyn’s Rarities, 77. Gray, Pac. R. Rep. 12. 43; Am. Journ. Sci.
2. 33. 409; Proc. Acad. Philad. 1863, 61; Manual, 164. Pl. Bourgeau, 256. Wat-
son, King’s Rep. 5.97. Porter, Hayd. Rep. 1871, 482; Fl. Col. 42. Torrey, Bot.
Wilkes, 305. Rothr. Pl. Wheeler, 38.
2 R. triflorum. Bigel. Fl. Bost. 2 ed. 90. Torrey, Emory’s Rep. 408.
| R. saxosum. Took. Fl. Bor.-Am. 1.251. Don, Mill. 38.178. Eat. & Wr. 396.
Richard. Arct. Exped. 428.
Grossularia oxyacanthoides & hirtella. Spach, Hist. Veg. 6. 175 & 180.
R. irriguum. Gray, Pl. Fendl. 53.
| 2 R. rotundifolium. Engelm. Pl. Upp. Miss. 193. Gray, Pac. R. Rep. 12. 43.

| R. prostratum. LHer. Stirp..1. 3, t. 2 (Ehrh. Beitr. 6.119). Lam. Dict. 3. 50.
Persoon, 1.251. Nouv. Duham. 3. 229. Pursh, 163. Roem. & Schult. Syst.
6. 495. Torrey, Fl. U. 8. 1. 268; FI. N. Y. 1. 248.. Spreng. Syst. 1. 810. Berlan-
dier, Mém. Soe. Genev. 32, t. 2, f. 12; DC. Prodr. 3. 482. Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am.
1. 232, excl. var. Don, Mill. 3.186. Beck, Bot. 186. Schlecht. Fl. Lab. in Lin-
nea, 10.96. Spach, Hist. Veg. 6.166. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1.549. Dietr. 1. 851.
Eat. & Wr. 395. Loud. Arb. 2. 981, f.'731. Emerson, Trees of Mass. 422. Rich-
| ard. Arct. Exped. 429. Curtis, Bot. N. Car. 85. Chapman, 145. Gray, Am. Journ.
Sci. 2. 33. 408; Manual, 165; Bot. Calif. 1.206. Watson, King’s Rep. 5. 99. Por-
ter, Hayd. Rep. 1871, 482; Fl. Col. 42.

LR. glandwosum. Ait. Hort. Kew. 1. 279. Schmidt, Arb. 2, t.95. Willd. Spee.
1.1154. Richard. Frankl. Journ. 1 ed. 6. Eat. & Wr. 394.

RR. rigens. Michx. Fl. 1.110. Persoon, 1. 251. Poir. Suppl. 2. 854. Pursh,
165. Roem. & Schult. Syst. 5.494. Bigel. Fl. Bost. 2 ed. 90. Torrey, Fl. U.S.
268. Spreng. Syst. 1.810. Berlandier, DC. Prodr. 3. 482. Don, Mill. 3. 187.
Beck, Bot. 135. Dietr. 1. 851. Eat. & Wr. 394. Loud. Arb. 2. 982.

R. trifidum. Michx. Fl. 1.110. Persoon, 1. 251. Poir. Suppl. 2. 853. Pursh,
165. Roem. & Schult. Syst. 5.494. Torrey, Fl. U. S. 268. Spreng. Syst. 1. 811.
Berlandier, DC. Prodr. 3. 481. Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am. 1. 232. Don, Mill. 8. 186.
Beck, Bot. 135. Dietr. 1. 851. Eat. & Wr. 894. Loud. Arb. 2. 981.

556 SAXIFRAGACE. [Ribes.

R. laxiflorum. Richard. Frankl. Journ. 1 ed. 7. a
? R. alpinum. Hook. f. Arct. Pl. 291, as to hab. Labrador.
f. Hudsonianum. P). Bourgeau, 256.

R. resinosum. Pursh, 165. Sims, Bot. Mag. t. 1583. Poir. Suppl. 5. 695.
Roem. & Schult. Syst. 5.499. Spreng. Syst. 1.810. Berlandier, 1. c. 32, t. 2,
f. 10; DC. Prodr. 3. 480. Don, Mill. 3.186. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 550. Dietr.
1. 850. Kat. & Wr. 896. Loud. Arb. 2. 981, f.'732. Curtis, Bot. N. Car. 85,
Chapman, 145. Wood, Cl.-Book, 361; Bot. & Fl. 117.— Probably not American ;
referred to &. villosum, Roxb., by Braun, Ind. Sem. h. Berol. 1855, Appx. 16, and to
R. orientale, Desf., by Koch, Dendrol. 1. 656, and Maximowicz, Bull. Acad. Petersb.
19. 267 (Mélang. Biolog. 9. 242).

R. rotundifolium. Michx. Fl. 1. 110. Persoon, 1. 252. Poir. Suppl. 2. 857.
Pursh, 165. - Elliott, 1. 295. Spreng. Syst. 1.812. Berlandier, DC. Prodr. 3. 478.
Don, Mill. 3.178. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 547. Dietr. 1. 853. Eat. & Wr. 396. Tor-
rey, Fl. N. Y. 1. 247. Emerson, Trees of Mass. 421. Richard. Arct. Exped. 428.
Engelm. Pl. Upp. Miss. 193. Curtis, Bot. N. Car. 85. Chapman, 145. Gray,
Manual, 164; Am. Naturalist, 10. 272 (Gard. Chronicle, 9. 485).

R. triflorum. Willd. Hort. Berol. t. 61 (Schrad. Journ. Bot. 1807, 126); Enum.
263. Poir. Suppl. 2. 857. Pursh, 165. Roem. & Schult. Syst. 5.501. Torrey, Fl.
U. §. 269. Spreng. Syst. 1.812. Lodd. Bot. Cab. t. 1094. Berlandier, 1. ¢.
8°, t. 1, f.4; DC. Prodr. 3.479. Guimp. Otto & Hayne, t.3. Don, Mill. 5. 177.
Beck, Bot. 186. Eat. & Wr. 395. Loud. Arb. 2. 969, f£. 717.

Rf. stamineum. Hornemann, Hort. Hafn. 337.

R. gracile. Pursh, 165. Roem. & Schult. Syst. 5. 501. Elliott, 1. 296. Berlan- |
dier, DC. Prodr. 3. 479. Don, Mill. 3.178. Beck, Bot. 186. Dietr. 1. 853. Loud.
Arb. 2. 971. Curtis, Bot. N. Car. 85.

Grossularia triflora. Spach, Hist. Veg. 6. 176.

R. rubrum. Linn. Spec. 200. See syn. in Ledeb. Fl. Ross. 2. 199; Maximowicz,
Bull. Acad. Petersb. 19. 261 (Mélang. Biolog. 9. 233).— Richard. Frankl. Journ.
2 ed.6; Arct. Exped. 428. Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am. 1. 232. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 550:
Eat. & Wr. 396. Seem. Bot. Herald, 30. Tuckerman, Josselyn’s Rarities, 82.
Hook. f. Arct. Pl. 291. Pl. Bourgeau, 256. Rothr. Fl. Alask. 446. Gray, Manual,
165. Matthew, Fl. Acad. 15.

R. albinervium. Michx. Fl. 1.110. Persoon, 1. 251. Poir. Suppl. 2. 855. Pursh,
163. Roem. & Schult. Syst. 5.497. Torrey, Fl. U. S. 267; Bot. Wilkes, 505. Ber-
landier, DC. Prodr. 3. 482. Don, Mill. 8. 187. Beck, Bot. 135. Dietr. 1. 851. Eat. |
& Wr. 394. Loud. Arb. 2. 982.

Var. subglandulosum. Maxim. I. c. 261, referring to it all N. American forms.

R. sanguineum. Pursh, 164. Poir. Suppl. 5.695. Roem. & Schult. Syst. 5. 497.
Spreng. Syst. 1. 811. Berlandier, DC. Prodr. 3. 482. Dougl. in Trans. Hort. Soe.
7. 509, t.13. Lodd. Bot. Cab. t. 1487. Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am. 1. 234; Bot. Mag.
t. 2335 (Ann. Sci. Nat. 2. 5. 291). Lindl. Bot. Reg. 16, t. 1349. Sweet, Brit. Fl.
Gard. 2 ser., t.109. Maund, Bot. Gard. 8, t.377. Don, Mill. 5.191. Paxton,
Mag. Bot. 1,t.31.. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1.551. Dietr. 1. 852. Eat. & Wr. 395m9
Loud. Arb. 2. 988, f. 739-741. Richard. Arct. Exped. 429. Newberry, Pac. Ry |
Rep. 6.74. Cooper, same, 12.30 & 61. Torrey, Mex. Bound. 68; Bot. Wilkes, |
306. Wood, Cl.-Book, 361; Bot. & Fl. 117. Anderson, Cat. Pl. Nevada, 120. Wat |
son, King’s Rep. 5. 100; Proc. Am. Acad. 11.114. Boland. Cat. 11. Gray, Proc. |
Am. Acad. 8. 383; Bot. Calif. 1. 207. |

Calobotrya sanguinea. Spach, Ann. Sci. Nat. 2. 4. 21. |
Coreosma sanguinea. Spach, Hist. Veg. 6. 155, t. 47, f. 1. i
2 |
|
|

Ribes.] SAXIFRAGACEA. Sar

Var. glutinosum. Gray, Bot. Calif. 1. 207.

R. glutinosum. Benth. in Trans. Hort. Soc. 2.1. 476. Maund, Bot. Gard. 13,
t.597. Hook. & Arn. Bot. Beechey, 345. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1.551. Walp. Rep.
2.360. Torrey, Pac. R. Rep. 4.88. Cooper, same, 6.74. Boland. Proc. Calif.
Acad. 3. 80.

Var. malvaceum. Gray, Bot. Calif. 1. 207.

R. malvaceum. Smith, Rees. Cye. Berlandier, DC. Prodr. 3. 483. D.Don,
Sweet’s Brit. Fl. Gard. 2 ser., t. 340. Hook. & Arn. Bot. Beechey, 345. Torr.
& Gray, Fl. 1.552. Dietr. 1. 852. Benth. Bot. Sulph. 17; Pl. Hartw. 311. Tor-
rey, Pac. R. Rep. 4. 88 & 7. 11; Mex. Bound. 68; Bot. Wilkes, 306. Kellogg, Proc.
Calif. Acad. 1. 46. Bolander, same, 3. So.

R. tubulosum. Eschscholtz, Mem. Acad. Petersb. 10. 285 (Litt.-Ber. zu Linnea,
1828, 148; Presl, Repert. Bot. 1. 196). Cham. in Linnea, 6. 568. Don, Mill.
8.187. Dietr. 1. 852.

R. tubiflorum. Meyer, Mém. Acad. Mose. 7. 140, t. 4. Don, Mill. 3. 157.

R. sanguineum. Hook. & Arn. Bot. Beechey, 141.

Var. variegatum. Watson, King’s Rep. 5. 100. Gray, Bot. Calif. 1. 207.

R. Nevadense. Kellogg, Proc. Acad. Calif. 1. 65.

R. Wolfii. Rothrock, Am. Naturalist, 8. 358; Pl. Wheeler, 38.
R. setosum. Lindl. in Trans. Hort. Soc. 7. 240 (Litt-Ber zu Linnea, 1830, 110) ;
Bot. Reg. 15, t. 1237. Hook. Fl. Bor-Am. 1.230. Don, Mill. 8. 177. Eat. &
Wr. 396. Loud. Arb. 2. 969, f..716. Gray, Am. Naturalist, 10. 271 (Gard. Chroni-
cle, 9. 485) ; Bot. Calif. 1. 206.

R. oxyacanthoides. Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am. 1. 230, excl. var. Richard. Arct. Exped.
4282? Engelm. Pl. Upp. Miss. 193 ?

R. Cynosbati, var. y. Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am. 1. 230.

R. oxyacanthoides, var. B. ‘Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 546.

| R. speciosum. Pursh, 752. Poir. Suppl. 5. 696. Roem. & Schult. Syst. 5. 507.
Spreng. Syst. 1.812. Berlandier, DC. Prodr. 3. 478. Lindl. Bot. Reg. 18, t. 1557.
D. Don, Sweet’s Brit. Fl. Gard. 2 ser., t. 149. Maund, Botanist,t. 38. Don, Mill.
8. 185, f. 32. Hook. Bot. Mag. t. 3530. Hook. & Arn. Bot. Beechey, 345. Torr.
& Gray, Fl. 1.545. Dietr. 1.853. Eat. & Wr. 396. Loud. Arb. 2. 974, f£ 722.
Benth. Pl. Hartw. 311. Sweet, Orn. Fl. Gard. 1,t. 39. Torrey, Pac. R. Rep.
6.74; Mex. Bound. 68. Wood, Bot. & Fl.117. Boland. Cat. 11. Gray, Am.
Naturalist, 10. 274 (Gard. Chronicle, 9. 485); Bot. Calif. 1. 204.

R. stamineum. Smith, Rees Cye. Berlandier, DC. Prodr. 3. 477. Hook. FI.
Bor.-Am. 1. 229. Dietr. 1. 853. Agardh, Theor. Syst. t. 12, £14.

R. fuchsioides. Berlandier, Mém. Soc. Genev. 32, t. 3.

Robsonia speciosa. Spach, Hist. Veg. 6. 181. .

R. tortuosum. Benth. Bot. Sulph. 17. Walp. Rep. 5. 822.

R. viscosissimum. Pursh, 163. Poir. Suppl. 5.695. Roem. & Schult. Syst.
5.499. Spreng. Syst.1.811. Berlandier, DC. Prodr. 3. 482. Dougl. in Trans.

| Hort. Soc. 7.511. Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am. 1. 234, t. 76; Lond. Journ. Bot. 6. 228.
Don, Mill. 3.191. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 551. Dietr. 1. 852. Eat. & Wr. 395. Loud.
Arb. 2. 987, f. 738. Newberry, Pac. R. Rep. 6.74. Watson, King’s Rep. 5. 100;
Pl. Wheeler, 8. Porter, Hayd. Rep. 1871, 482. Coulter, same, 1872, 766. Parry,
Am. Naturalist, 9. 270. Gray, Bot. Calif. 1. 207.

Coreosma viscosissinum. Spach, Ann. Sci. Nat. 2. 4. 23.

bo
bo

338 SAXIFRAGACEZ. [Ribes. Saxifraga,

R. affine; laxiflorum. R. Nevadense ; sanguineum.

albinervium ; rubrum. nigrum; floridum, Hudsonianum.
alpinum ; prostratum. niveum; gracile.
Americanum ; laxiflorum. occidentale ; Menziesii.
balsamiferum ; cereum. odoratum & Oregoni ; aureum.
bracteosum ; Hudsonianum. oxyacanthoides ; Cynosbati, lacustre,
Californicum ; Menziesii. : setosum.
campanulatum ; floridum. palustre ; lacustre, laxiflorum.
Cynosbati ; setosum. Pennsylvanicum ; floridum.
ebracteatum ; aureum. petiolare ; Hudsonianum.
echinatum ; lacustre. recurvatum ; floridum.
Jerox ; Menziesii. reniforme & resinosum; cereum.
flavum & fragrans ; aureum. rigens; prostratum.
Juchsioides ; speciosum. rotundifolium ; oxyacanthoides, gra-
glandulosum ; prostratum. cile.
glutinosum ; sanguineum. saxosum ; oxyacanthoides.
gracile ; Cynosbati, rotundifolium. setosum ; lacustre.
hirtellum ; oxyacanthoides. stamineum ; rotundifolium, speciosum.
Hudsonianum; prostratum. subvestitum ; Lobbii, Menziesii.
mmebrians ; cereum. tenuiflorum ; aureum.
wriguum; divaricatum, oxyacan- trifidum ; prostratum.

thoides. triflorum; divaricatum, gracile, oxya-
laxiflorum ; prostratum. canthoides, rotundifolium.
longiflorum ; aureum. tubiflorum & tubulosum ; sanguineum.
malvaceum; sanguineum. villosum ; divaricatum.
Missouriense ; gracile. Wolfii ; sanguineum.

SAXIFRAGA adscendens. Linn. Spec. 405. See syn. in Seringe, DC. Prodr.

4. 34 (under S. controversa) ; D. Don, Monogr. Saxifr. in Trans. Linn. Soe. 13. 441 —

(under S. tridactylites) ; Engler, Monogr. Saxifr. 84. — Hook. f. Arct. Pl. 292 & 329.
Watson, King’s Rep. 5.93. Porter, Fl. Col. 38. Rothr. Pl. Wheeler, 38.

S. petrea. Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am. 1. 245; Bot. Mag. t. 3026. Don, Mill. 3. 220
Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1.574. Eat. & Wr. 414. Dietr. 2. 1537.

S. controversa. Sternberg, Rev. Saxifr. 43, t. 16 & 17, fig. d. c. Gray, Proe.
Acad. Philad. 1863, 62. Pl. Bourgeau, 256.

Ponista Oregonensis. Raf. Fl. Tellur. 2. 66.

S. tridactylites. Engler, 1. c., as to American habitat.

S. aizoides. Linn. Spec. 403. See syn. in Sternb. Rev. Saxifr. 25 & Suppl.

27; D. Don, Monogr. Saxifr. 875; Seringe, DC. Prodr. 4. 47; Ledeb. Fl. Ross.
2.209; Engler, Monogr. Saxifr. 219.— Pursh, 312. Richard. Frankl. Journ. 9
Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am. 1. 255. Meyer, Pl. Lab. 69. Don, Mill. 8. 212. Torr. & Gray,
FL 1.565. Dietr. 2.1529. Eat. & Wr. 414. Durand, Pl. Kane. in Journ. Acad.
Philad. 1856, 192 (Kane’s Exped. 2. 455). Lange, Pl. Groenl. 128. Hook. f. in
Journ. Linn. Soe. 1. 121; Arct. Pl. 292. Pl. Bourgeau, 256. Gray, Manual, 168.

Evaiezoa aizoides. Raf. Fl. Tellur. 2. 70.
S. Aizoon. Jacq. Fl. Austr. 5. 18, t.438. See syn. in Sternb. Rev. Saxifr. 3;
D. Don, Monogr. Saxifr. 392; Seringe, DC. Prodr. 4.19; Ledeb. FI. Ross. 2. 183;
Engler, Monogr. Saxifr. 241.—Pursh, 310. Schrank, Pfl. Lab. 21. Hook. Bl

Bor.-Am. 1. 243. Meyer, Pl. Lab. 67. Don, Mill. 3.215. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 566. |
Eat. & Wr. 412. Vahl, Fl. Dan. 14, t. 2352. Durand, Pl. Kane. 1. c. 192 (445).
Lange, Pl. Groenl. 128. Hook. f. in Journ. Linn. Soc. 1. 117; Arct. Pl. 292 & 329. |

Gray, Manual, 168. Matthew, Fl. Acad. 15. Wooster, Alp. Pl. 82, t. 28, f. 1.

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.

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Saxifraga.] SAXIFRAGACEZ. 309

S. bronchialis. Linn. Spec. 400. See syn. in Sternb. Rev. Saxifr. 31; Seringe,
DC. Prodr. 4.47; Ledeb. Fl. Ross. 2. 207; Middend. Fl. Taimyr. 41; Trauty. &
Mey. Fl. Ochot. 41; Engler, 1. c. 215.— Pursh, 310. Spreng. Syst. 2. 864. Tor-
rey, Ann. Lyc. N. Y. 2. 204. Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am. 1. 254. Sternb. in Linnea,
6.555. Don, Mill. 8. 212. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 564. Eat. & Wr. 413. Gray,
Pl. Fendl. 54; Am. Journ. Sci. 2. 33. 409; Proc. Acad. Philad. 1863, 62. Seem.
Bot. Herald, 31. Hook. f. Arct. Pl. 292. Pl. Bourgeau, 257. Rothr. Fl. Alask.
446; Pl. Wheeler, 38. Porter, Hayd. Rep. 1870, 475, & 1871, 482; Fl. Col. 89.
Coulter, Hayd. Rep. 1872, 766.
Var. cherlerioides. Engler, Monogr. Saxifr. 216, with syn.

S. cherlerioides. D. Don, Monogr. Saxifr. 882. Sternb. Rey. Saxifr. Suppl.
2,26, t. 13. .

S.n.sp. Sternb. in Linnza, 6. 555.

S. bronchialis, var. minor. Hook. & Arn. Bot. Beechey, 114.

S. Pseudo-Burseriana. Fischer; Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 565. Walp. Rep. 2. 365.

S. nitida. Ledeb. Fl. Ross. 2.207, not Schreber. Rothr. Fl. Alask. 446.

S. bryophora. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 6. 533; Bot. Calif. 1. 194.

S. leucanthemifolia, var. integrifolia. Engler, Monogr. Saxifr. 155.
S. czespitosa. Linn. Spec. 404, in part. See syn. in D. Don, Monogr. Saxifr.
428; Ledeb. FI. Ross. 2. 224; Regel, Ind. Sem. Petrop. 1866, 99; Middend. Fl.
Taimyr. 45; Hook. f. Arct. Pl. 292 & 329; Engler, Linnea, 35. 42, and (as S.
decipiens, Ehrh.) Monogr. Saxifr. 186; Baker, Seem. Journ. Bot. 8. 281. — Pursh,
$12. Spreng. Syst. 2. 370. Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am. 1. 244. Don, Mill. 8. 222. Hook.
& Arn. Bot. Beechey, 123. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1.565. Eat. & Wr. 415. Seem.
Bot. Herald, 31 & 56. Hook.f. in Journ. Linn. Soc. 1. 117, 122 & 124, & 5. 83.
Dickie, same, 3. 111 & 11. 33. Durand, Pl. Kane. in Journ. Acad. Philad. 1856,
192 (Kane’s Exped. 2. 455). Ascherson, Regensb. Flora, 1860, 370. Pl. Bour-
geau, 257. Rothr. Fl. Alask. 447. Watson, King’s Rep. 5. 93 & 420. Porter, FI.
Col. 58.

2S. androsacea. Pursh, 510. Poir. Suppl. 5.77. Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am. 1. 244.
Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1.576. Hat. & Wr. 418. lLedeb. Fl. Ross. 2.225. Rothr. Fl.
Alask. 447.

S. pubescens. Sternb. in Linnea, 6. 556.

S. exarata. Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am. 1. 244, excl. syn. Torr. & Gray, FI. 1. 566.
Fat. & Wr. 414. Rothr. Fl. Alask. 447.

S. exarata, var. pubescens. Ledeb. Fl. Ross. 2. 224, in part.

S. decipiens, var. cespitosa. Engler, Monogr. Saxifr. 190.

Var. uniflora. Hook. Trans. Linn. Soc. 14. 370; Fl. Bor.-Am. 1. 244. Torr. &
Gray, Fl. 1. 565. Durand, Pl. Kane. L. c. 192 (455) ; Pl. Hayes, Proc. Acad. Philad.
1863, 94. Gray, Am. Journ. Sci. 2. 33. 409.

S. venosa. Haworth, Enum. Sax. 28. ‘Seringe, DC. Prodr. 4.26. Hook. FI.
Bor.-Am. 1. 244. Don, Mill. 3. 224. Dietr. 2. 1586.

S. ceespitosa. R. Brown, Ross’ Voy. 2 ed. 2. 192. Seringe, DC. Prodr. 4. 27.

S. uniflora. R. Brown, Parry’s 1st Voy. Appx. 274 & 309 (Regensb. Flora, 7?,
Beil. 83). Don, Mill. 3. 222.

Evaiezoa venosa. Raf. Fl. Tellur. 2. 71.

Var. Groenlandica. Wahl. Fl. Lapp. 119. Willd. Spec. 2. 657. Greville, Mem.
Soc. Wern. 3. 423.

S. Grenlandica. Winn. Spec. 404. Sternb. Rev. Saxifr. 53. Haworth, Enum.

Saxifr. 30. Richard. Frankl. Journ. 10. Seringe, DC. Prodr. 4.27. Lange, Pl.
Groenl. 128.

340 SAXIFRAGACER. [Saxifraga.

S. hirta. Wook. f. in Journ. Linn. Soe. 1. 117.

S. ceespitosa, var. compacta, Koch. Regel, 1. ¢.

S. decipiens, var. arctica. Engler, Linnea, 35. 46.

SS. decipiens, var. Grenlandica. Engler, Monogr. Saxifr. 189.

Var. Sternbergii. Regel, 1. c. 100.

S. Sternbergii. Willd. Hort. Berol. 1.462. Sternb. Rev. Saxifr. 56, t. 24.

S. decipiens, var. Sternbergit. Engler, 1. c. 188.
S. Careyana. Gray, Am. Journ. Sci. 1. 42. 62 (Lond. Journ. Bot. 2. 116). Chap-
man, 153. Wood, Cl.-Book, 371; Bot. & Fl. 114. Engler, Monogr. Saxifr. 156.
S. Caroliniana. Gray, Chloris Bor-Am. in Mem. Amer. Acad. 5. 39. Chap-
man, 155. ‘

S. Careyana, var. Caroliniana. Engler, 1. ¢. 157.
S. cernua. Linn. Spec. 403. See syn. in Sternb. Rev. Saxifr. 18; D. Don,
Monoer. Saxifr. 8364; Seringe, DC. Prodr. 4. 36; Ledeb. Fl. Ross. 2. 219; Middend.
Fl. Taimyr. 44; Engler, Monogr. Saxifr. 106. — Greville, Mem. Soc. Wern. 3. 425.
R. Brown, Parry’s Ist Voy. 275. Richard. Frankl. Journ. 9. Hook. in Trans.
Linn. Soe. 14. 371; Fl. Bor.-Am. 1. 245. Sternberg, Linnea, 6. 554. Hook. & Arn.
Bot. Beechey, 124, excel. var. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1.573. Eat. & Wr. 415. Sel-
ler, Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. 1. 16.172. Trauty. Pl. Imag. & Descr. Fl. Ross. 63,
t.40. Seem. Bot. Herald, 31, 52, 55 & 56. Lange, Pl. Groenl. 128. Hook. f. in
Journ. Linn. Soc. 1. 117, 122 & 124, & 5.83; Arct. Pl. 292 & 329. Dickie, Journ.
Linn. Soe. 3. 111 & 11. 33. Durand, Pl. Kane. in Journ. Acad. Philad. 1856, 193
(Kane’s Exped. 2. 456); Pl. Hayes, Proc. Acad. Philad. 1863, 94. Gray, Am.
Journ. Sci. 2. 33. 409, in part; Proc. Acad. Philad. 1865, 62. Pl. Bourgeau, 257.
Rothr. Fl. Alask. 446. Porter, Fl. Col. 38.

% S. Sibirica. Pursh, 312. Meyer, Pl. Lab. 70. Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am. 1. 246.
Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 573, in part. Hat. & Wr. 415.
S. chrysantha. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 11. 83.

S. Hirculus? Gray, Am. Journ. Sci. 2. 33. 409.

S. serpyllifolia. Gray, Prac. Am. Acad. 1863, 62. Porter, Hayd. Rep. 1871,
482; Fl. Col. 39. Rothr. Pl. Wheeler, 37.
S. Davurica. Pallas, Itin. 3, Appx.,t. P. £2. Willd. Spec. 2. 645. See syn.
in Ledeb. Fl. Ross. 2. 212; Engler, Monogr. Saxifr. 147.— Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am.
1. 250. Don, Mill. 5. 218. Sternb. in Linnea, 6. 554. Hook. & Arn. Bot. Beechey,
124. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 569, in part. Eat. & Wr. 414. Seem. Bot. Herald, 31.
Hook. f. Arct. Pl. 292. Rothr. Fl. Alask. 447.

Var. Unalaschcensis. Engler, |. c. 148.

S. Unalaschcensis. Sternberg, Rey. Saxifr. Suppl. 2. 9.

S. flabellifolia. KR. Brown; Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 569. Walp. Rep. 2. 866. Le-
deb. FL Ross. 2. 213.
S. debilis. Engelm.; Gray, Proc. Acad. Philad. 1863, 62. Porter, Fl. Col. 38.

S. cernua. Gray, Am. Journ. Sci. 2. 33. 409, in part.

S. rivularis. Watson, King’s Rep. 5. 93.

S. cernua, var. debilis. Engler, Monogr. Saxifr. 107.
S. elegans. Nutt.; Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1.573. Walp. Rep. 2. 366. Gray, Proce.
Am. Acad. 8. 383.
S. erosa. Pursh, 311. Poir. Suppl. 5. 77. Nutt. Genera, 1. 285. Otto, Nees
Hor. Phys. Berol. 83. Elliott, 1. 512. D. Don, Monog. Saxifr. 360. Spreng. Syst.
2. 363. Seringe, DC. Prod. 4.41. Don, Mill. 3.208. Spach, Hist. Veg. 5. 44.
Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1.572. Eat. & Wr. 413. Dietr. 3.1527. Chapman, 153. Gray,

.

,

Saxifraga.] _ SAXIFRAGACEZ. 341

Am. Journ. Sci. 1. 42. 83 (Lond. Journ. Bot. 2.116); Manual, 168. Engler, Monogr.
Saxifr. 150.

Robertsonia micranthifolia. Haworth, Syn. Pl. Suce. 322.

Aulaxia micranthifolia & nuda. Waworth, Enum. Saxifr. 47.

S. Caroliniana & gracilis. Schleich. Cat. 1821, 63.

S. nuda. Seringe, DC. Prodr. 4. 41. Don, Mill. 3. 208.

Evaiezoa erosa. Raf. Fl. Tellur,. 2. 71.

S. Wolleana. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1.569. Walp. Rep. 2. 366
S. Eschscholtzii. Sternb. Rev. Saxifr. Suppl. 1.9, t. 10, f. 2, & Suppl. 2. 90.
Seringe, DC. Prodr. 4.18. Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am. 1. 245. Don, Mill. 3.214. Torr.
& Gray, Fl. 1. 564. Dietr. 2. 1531. Ledeb. Fl. Ross. 2. 208. Seem. Bot. Herald,
go. Hook. f. Arct. Pl. 292. Rothr. Fl. Alask. 446. Engler, Monogr. Saxifr. 212.

S. fimbriata. Don, Monogr. Saxifr. 404. Spreng. Syst. 2. 367. Eat. & Wr. 413.

Evaiezoa Eschscholtzii. Raf. Fl. Tellur. 2. 70.
S. exilis. Stephan; Sternberg, Rev. Saxifr. Suppl. 1. 8, t. 3, f£. 1; Linnea, 6. 556.
Seringe, DC. Prodr. 4. 35. Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am. 1. 245. Don, Mill. 5.211. Torr. &
Gray, Fl. 1. 573. Ledeb. Fl. Ross. 2. 221. Rothr. Fl. Alask. 447. Engler, Monogr.

- Saxifr. 102. Referred to S. cernua by Hook. f. in Arct. Pl. 829,

Lobaria exilis. Haworth, Enum. Saxifr. 20.

S. elegans. Sternb. Rev. Saxifr. Suppl. 2. 34.

Evaiezoa exilis. Raf. Fl. Tellur. 2. 71.

2S. cernua, var. multiflora. Hook. & Arn. Bot. Beechey, 124. Don, Mill. 3. 210.

28. Sibirica. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 573, in part. Seem. Bot. Herald, 31. Hook.
f. Arct. Pl. 292. Rothr. Fl. Alask. 447.

S. flagellaris. Willd.; Sternb. Rev. Saxifr. 25, t. 6, & Suppl. 2.18. See syn. in
D. Don, Monogr. Saxifr. 873; Seringe, DC. Prodr. 4. 45; Ledeb. Fl. Ross. 2. 209;
Middend. Fl. Taimyr. 42; Engler, 1. c. 225.— R. Brown, Ross’ Voy. 142; Parry’s
Ist Voy. 275. Hook. in Trans. Linn. Soc. 14. 569; Fl. Bor.-Am. 1. 258, t. ‘87; Bot.
Mag. t. 4621. Torrey, Ann. Lye. N. Y. 2.2083. Don, Mill. 3. 211, #42. Hook.
& Arn. Bot. Beechey, 124. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 564. Vahl, Fl. Dan. 14, t. 2353.
Seem. Bot. Herald, 31 & 55. Durand, Pl. Kane. in Journ. Acad. Philad. 1856, 192
(Kane’s Exp. 2. 455); Pl. Hayes, Proc. Acad. Philad. 1865, 94. Lange, Pl. Groenl.
128. Hook. f. in Journ. Linn. Soe. 1. 117 & 121, & 5.83; Arct. Pl. 292. Gray, Am.
Journ. Sci. 2. 33. 409; Proc. Acad. Philad. 1865, 62. Rothr. Fl. Alask. 446; PI.
Wheeler, 38. Watson, King’s Rep. 5. 94. Porter, Fl. Col. 39.

S. setigera. Pursh, 312. Poir. Suppl. 5. 77. Eat. & Wr. 414.

Hireulus flagellaris. Haworth, Enum. Saxifr. 41.
S. Forbesii. Vasey, Am. Entomologist & Botanist, 2. 288.

s. heterantha. Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am. 1. 252, t. 78, B. Don, Mill. 3.209. Eat. &
Wr. 414. Dietr. 2. 1528. Ledeb. Fl. Ross. 2. 216. Rothr. Fl. Alask. 447. Boland.
Cat. 11. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 8. 383. To S. punctata by Hook. f. Arct. Pl. 292.

S. Mertensiana. Bongard, Veg. Sitch. 141 (Presl, Repert. Bot. 1.315). Torr. &
Gray, Fl. 1. 568. Walp. Rep. 2. 366. Engler, Monogr. Saxifr. 189. Gray, Bot.
Calif. 1. 195.

Steiranisia heterantha, Raf. Fl. Tellur. 2. 69.

S. estivalis, var. 6. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 568.

S. punctata. Hook. in Lond. Journ. Bot. 6. 231
S. hieracifolia. Waldst. & Kit. Pl. Rar. Hung. 1.17, t.18. See syn. in Sternb.
Rey. Saxifr. 9, & Suppl.; D. Don, Saxifr. 383; Ledeb. Fl. Ross. 2. 214; Engler,
Monogr. Saxifr. 151.—Seringe, DC. Prodr. 4.38. Hook. Fl. Bor-Am. 1. 249.

542 SAXIFRAGACEA. _ [Saxifraga.

Sternb. in Linnea, 6.554. Don, Mill. 8.217. Hook. & Arn. Bot. Beechey, 124.
Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1.572. Eat. & Wr.414. Seem. Bot. Herald, 31. Hook. f. in
Journ. Linn. Soe. 1. 122; Arct. Pl. 292 & 329. Rothr. Fl. Alask. 447.

S. plantiginifolia. Hook. in Parry’s 2d Voy. 394.

Evaiezoa hieracifolia. Rat. Fl. Tellur. 2. 70.
S. Hirculus. Linn. Spec. 402. See syn. in Sternb. Rev. Saxifr. 24; D. Don,
Monogr. Saxifr. 372; Seringe, DC. Prodr. 4. 45; Ledeb. Fl. Ross. 2. 210 ; Middend.
Fl. Taimyr. 42; Engler, Monogr. Saxifr. 122.— Richard. Frankl. Journ. 9. R.
3rown, Parry’s Ist. Voy. 273 (Regensb. Flora, 77, Beil. 82). Hook. in Trans. Linn.
Soc. 14. 369; Fl. Bor.-Am. 1. 252. Sternb. in Linnea, 6. 555. Don, Mill. 3. 211.
Hook. & Arn. Bot. Beechey, 124. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 564. Eat. & Wr. 414.
Seem. Bot. Herald, 31, 52 & 55. Hook. f. in Journ. Linn. Soc. 1. 116, 121 & 124, &
5.83; Arct. Pl. 292 & 329. Gray, Am. Journ. Sci. 2. 33. 409; Proc. Acad. Philad.
1863, 62. Rothr. Fl. Alask. 446; Pl. Wheeler, 37. Porter, Fl. Col. 39.

S. propinqua. KR. Brown, Ross’ Voy. 142; Parry’s 38d Voy. 273.

Hirculus propinquus. Haworth, Enum. Saxitr. 41.
S. integrifolia. Hook. Fl. Bor-Am. 1. 249, t. 86; Lond. Journ. Bot. 6. 231. Don,
Mill. 3.218. Torr. & Gray, Fl.1.572. Eat. & Wr. 413. Walp. Rep. 2. 367:
Dietr. 2. 1533. Newberry, Pac. R. Rep. 6.75. Cooper, same, 12. 61. Boland.
Cat. 11. Watson, King’s Rep. 5.93. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 8. 382; Bot. Calif.
1.194. Porter, Fl. Col. 40. Engler, Monogr. Saxifr. 149.

S. hieracifolia, var.? Gray, Am. Journ. Sci. 2. 33. 409.

S. nivalis, var.? Gray, Proc. Acad. Philad. 1863, 62.

S. hieracijolia. Porter, Hayd. Rep. 1871, 782. Coulter, same, 1872, 766.

S. nivalis, var. Grayi. Rothr. Pl. Wheeler, 38.
S. Jamesii. Torrey, Ann. Lyc. N. Y. 2. 204. Seringe, DC. Prodr. 4. 48. Sternb.
Rey. Saxifr. Suppl. 2.16. Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am. 1. 47, t. 84. Don, Mill. 3. 209.
Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1.574. Eat. & Wr. 413. Walp. Rep. 2. 867. Dietr. 2. 1528.
Gray, Proc. Acad. Philad. 1863, 62. Porter, Hayd. Rep. 1871, 481; Fl. Col. 40.
Coulter, Hayd. Rep. 1872, 766. Engler, Monogr. Saxifr. 109. ;

Telesonix Jamesii. Raf. Fl. Tellur. 2. 69.
S. leucanthemifolia. Michx. Fl. 1. 268. Poir. Dict. 6. 679. Sternb. Rev.
Saxifr. 10. Pursh, 311. Elliott, 1.512. D. Don, Monogr. Saxifr. 358, in part.
Spreng. Syst. 2. 362. Don, Mill. 3. 208. Presl, Rel. Henk. 2.55. Torr. & Gray,
Fl. 1.570. Eat. & Wr. 413. Dietr. 2.1527. Chapman, 153. othr. Fl. Alask
446. Gray, Manual, 168; Bot. Calif. 195. Engler, Monogr. Saxifr. 135, excl.
var. integrifolia.

Spatularia leucanthemifolia. Haworth, Enum. Saxifr. 48.

S. Clusii. Seringe, DC. Prodr. 4. 40, in part. Kunze, Linnea, 20. 43.

Hexaphoma petiolaris. Raf. Fl. Tellur. 2. 67.

Var. [ferruginea]. Torr. & Gray, FI. 1. 570.
S. ferruginea. Graham, Edinb. Phil. Journ. 1829, 349 (Litt.-Ber. zu Linnea,
1830, 157).
S. leucanthemifolia. Lodd. Bot. Cab. t. 1568. Hook. Fl. Bor-Am. 1. 250; Bot.
Mag. t. 2959.
Hexaphoma ferruginea. Raf. Fl. Tellur. 266.
S. stellaris, var. leucanthemifolia. Ledeb. Fl. Ross. 2. 211.
Var. Brunoniana. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1.570. Engler, 1. c. 135.
S. stellaris, var. Brunoniana. Bongard, Veg. Sitch. 140.
S. Bongardi. Presl, Repert. Bot. 1. 815.

_

Saxifraga.] SAXIFRAGACEZ. 343

S. Lyallii. Engler, Index Crit. Saxifr. 30; Monogr. Saxifr. 141. Walp. Ann.
7. 893.

S. Davurica. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 569, in part. Pl. Bourgeau, 257.
S. nivalis. Linn. Spec. 401, excl. syn. Gronov. See syn. in Poir. Dict. 6. 683;
Sternb. Rev. Saxifr. 12; D. Don, Monogr. Saxifr. 387; Seringe, DC. Prodr. 4. 38;
Ledeb. Fl. Ross. 2. 215; Middend. Fl. Taimyr. 43; Engler, Monogr. Saxifr. 145.—
Pursh, 310. James, Cat. 181; Long’s Exp. 2. 3845. Richard. Frankl. Journ. 9. R.
Brown, Parry’s lst Voy. 275 (Regensb. Flora, 72, Beil. 84). Hook. in Trans. Linn.
Soc. 14. 371; Fl. Bor.-Am. 1. 248. Torrey, Ann. Lyc. N. Y. 2. 203; Bot. Wilkes,
309. Meyer, Pl. Lab. 68. Sternb. in Linnea, 6. 554. Don, Mill. 3.218. Torr. &
Gray, F].1.571. Eat. & Wr. 413. Seem. Bot. Herald, 31, 52, 55 & 56. Durand,
Pl. Kane. in Journ. Acad. Philad. 1856, 192 (Kane’s Exped. 2. 455); Pl. Hayes,
Proc. Acad. Philad. 1863, 94. Lange, Pl. Groenl. 128. Hook. f. in Journ. Linn.
Soc. 1. 117, 122 & 124, & 5.83; Arct. Pl. 292 & 829. Dickie, Journ. Linn. Soc.
3. 111 & 11. 33. Gray, Am. Journ. Sci. 2. 33. 409; Proc. Acad. Philad. 1863,
62; Bot. Calif. 194. Rothr. Fl. Alask. 447; Pl. Wheeler, 58. Watson, King’s
Rep. 5. 93. Porter, Hayd. Rep. 1871, 482; Fl. Col. 39. Coulter, Hayd. Rep.
1872, 766.

Dermasea nivalis. Haworth, Enum. Saxifr. 9.

S. pauciflora. Sternb. Rey. Saxifr. Suppl. 1. 6. Seringe, DC. Prodr. 4. 42.
Seem. Bot. Herald, 55.
Var. tenuis. Wahl. Fl. Lapp. 114. Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am. 1. 248. Torr. & Gray,
Fl. 1.571. Durand, 1. c. 192. Lange, Pl. Groenl. 128. Gray, Bot. Calif. 194.

S. nivalis. Watson, King’s Rep. 5. 93, in part.
S. nudicaulis. D. Don, Monogr. Saxifr. 866. Spreng. Syst. 2. 363. Sternb.
Rey. Saxifr. Suppl. 2. 36. Seringe, DC. Prodr. 4. 37. Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am. 1. 252.
Don, Mill. 3.209. Torr. & Gray, Fl.1.568. Hat. & Wr. 415. Dietr. 2. 1528.
Ledeb. Fl. Ross. 2. 216. Rothr. Fl. Alask. 447. Referred doubtfully to S. rivularis
by Engler, Monogr. Saxifr. 104.
S. oppositifolia. Linn. Spec. 402. See syn. in Sternb. Rev. Saxifr. 36; D.
Don, Monogr. Saxifr. 400; Seringe, DC. Prodr. 4.17; Ledeb. Fl. Ross. 2. 204;
Middend. Fl. Taimyr. 41; Engler, Monogr. Saxifr. 276.— Pursh, 311. Schrank,
Pf. Lab. 21. R. Brown, Ross’ Voy. 142; Parry’s 1st Voy. 273. Greville, Mem.
Soc. Wern. 3. 423. Richard. Frankl. Journ. 2 ed. 9. Hook. in Trans. Linn. Soc.
14. 369; Fl. Bor.-Am. 1. 242. Spreng. Syst. 2. 367. Meyer, Pl. Lab. 69. Don,
Mill. 3.214. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 563. Eat. & Wr. 414. Dietr. 2. 1531. Seller,
Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. 1. 16.171. Seem. Bot. Herald, 305 52, 55 & 56. Durand,
Pl. Kane. in Journ. Acad. Philad. 1856, 191 (Kane’s Exped. 2. 454); Pl. Hayes,
Proc. Acad. Philad. 1863, 94. _ Lange, Pl. Groenl. 128. Hook. f. in Journ. Linn.
Soc. I. 117, 122 & 124, & 5. 83; Arct. Pl. 292. Dickie, Journ. Linn. Soc. 3. 111 &
II. 33. Pl. Bourgeau, 256. Rothr. Fl. Alask. 446. Gray, Manual, 167. Porter,
Hayd. Rep. 1871, 482. Coulter, same, 1872, 766.

Antiphylla coerulea, & A. spathulata, var. (2) arctica. Haworth, 1. c. 48 & 45.

S. spathulata, var. (2) arctica. Seringe, 1. ce. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 576.

S. retusa. Sternb. in Linnea, 6. 556.

Evaiezoa oppositifolia. Raf. Fl. Tellur. 2. 70.
S. Parryi, Gray, Mex. Bound. 69, t. 25; Bot. Calif. 1.193. Walp. Ann. 7. 898.
Engler, Monogr. Saxifr. 284.
S. peltata. Torrey, in Benth. Pl. Hartw. 311; Bot. Wilkes, 309, t.5. Walp.
Ann. 2.688. Durand, Pl. Pratten. 88. Newberry, Pac. R. Rep. 6.75. Boland.

344. SAXIFRAGACER, [Saxifraga,

Cat. 11. Heer in Regel, Gart. Fl. 1872, 259, t. 735. Hook. f. Bot. Mag. t. 6074,
Engler, Monogr. Saxifr. 108. Gray, Bot. Calif. 1. 193.

Leptarrhena inundata. Behr, Proc. Calif. Acad. 1. 45 & 57.

S. Pennsylvanica. Linn. Spec. 399, excl. syn. Pluk. Hill, Veg. Syst. 13,
t.14,f.3. Ait. Hort. Kew. 2.78. Willd. Spec. 2. 640; Enum. 459. Michx. FL.
1. 269. Poir. Dict. 6.674. Persoon, 1.487. Sternb. Rey. Sax. 8. Pursh, 311.
Bigel. Fl. Bost. 177. D. Don, Monogr. Saxifr. 384. Otto, in Nees, Hor. Phys,
Berol. 83. Torrey, Fl. U. S. 444; Fl. N. Y. 1. 255. Spreng. Syst. 2. 3865. Seringe,
DC. Prodr. 4.39. Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am. 1.249. Don, Mill. 5.217. Beck, Bot. 138.
Darling. Fl. Cestr. 270. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 572. Eat. & Wr. 413. Dietr. 2. 1533,
Gray, Manual, 168. Engler, Monogr. Saxifr. 149.

SS. semipubescens. Sweet, Hort. Suburb. 97. D. Don, Monogr. Saxifr. 385.
Spreng. Syst. 2. 3865. Seringe, DC. Prodr. 4. 40. Don, Mill. 3. 217. Eat. &
Wr. 418. Dietr. 2. 1533.

S. palustris. Link, Enum. 1. 412.

Micranthes Pennsylvanica & hirta. Haworth, Enum. Saxifr. 46 & 46.

Evaiezoa Pennsylvanica. Raf. Fl. Tellur. 2. 71.

S. punctata. Linn. Spec. 401. See syn. in Sternb. Rey. Saxifr. 18; Ledeb. Fl.
Ross. 2. 215; Middend. Fl. Taimyr. 44, and Trauty. & Meyer, Fl. Ochot. 42, under
S. estivalis ; Engler, Monogr. Saxifr. 187. —Sternb. Rev. Suppl. 2. 7, t.4; Linnea,
6. 554. Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am. 1. 251. Bongard, Veg. Sitch. 140. Hook. & Arn. Bot.
Beechey, 114 & 124. Eat. & Wr. 414. Trauty. Pl. Imag. 57, t. 37. Hook. f. Aret.
Pl. 292 & 330. Gray, Am. Journ. Sci. 2. 33. 409; Proc. Acad. Philad. 1863, 62;
Proc. Am. Acad. 8. 383; Bot. Calif. 1.195. othr. Fl. Alask. 447; Pl. Wheeler,
38. Watson, King’s Rep. 5. 94; Pl. Wheeler, 8. Porter, Hayd. Rep. 1871, 482;
Fl. Col. 39. Coulter, Hayd. Rep. 1872, 766.

S. Geum. Pursh, 311. Eat. & Wr. 415.

S. spicata & arguta. TD). Don, Monogr. Saxifr. 354 & 356. Spreng. Syst. 2. 362,
Seringe, DC. Prodr. 4.40 & 41. Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am. 1.251. Don, Mill. 3. 207.
Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 567 & 568. Eat. & Wr. 413. Dietr. 2.1527. Ledeb. Fl. Ross.
2.215 & 216. Rothr. Fl. Alask. 447.

S. umbrosa, var. punctata. D.Don, 1. ¢. 352. Don, Mill. 3. 207.

Robertsonia punctata. Haworth, Enum. Saxifr. 55.

S. gracilis. Stephan; Sternb. Rev. Suppl. 1. 7, t. 5, £1.

S. hirsuta, var. punctata. Seringe, DC. Prodr. 4. 42.

S. estivalis. Fisch. in Ind. Sem. Petrop. 1835, 37. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 567,
excl. var. 8. Seem. Bot. Herald, 31.

Evaiezoa punctata, Raf. Fl. Tellur. 2. 70.

Var. Nelsoniana. Engler, 1. ec. 159.

S. Nelsoniana. D.Don, Monogr. Saxifr. 355. Spreng. Syst. 2.562. Seringe,
DC. Prodr. 4. 41. Hook. Fl. Bor-Am. 1. 251. Don, Mill. 3. 207. Eat. & Wr. 413.
Dietr. 2. 1527. Ledeb. Fl. Ross. 2. 216. Rothr. Fl. Alask. 447.

S. estivalis, var. 8B. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 568.

S. ranunculifolia. Hook. FI. Bor.-Am. 1. 246, t. 83. Don, Mill. 8. 211. Torr.
& Gray, Fl. 1.575 & 577. Eat. & Wr. 414. Dietr. 2.1529. Walp. Rep. 2. 367.
Engler, Monogr. Saxifr. 110.

FHemieva ranunculifolia. Raf. Fl. Tellur. 2. 70.

Boykinia ranunculifolia. Gray, Am. Journ. Sci. 1. 42, 21 (Lond. Journ. Bot.
1. 228); Chloris Bor.-Am. in Mem. Am. Acad. 3. 40.

S. reflexa. Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am. 1. 249, t. 85. Don, Mill. 3. 218, f. 45. Torr. &
Gray, Fl. 1.568. Eat. & Wr. 413. Dietr. 2. 1533. Walp. Rep. 2. 866. Engler,

-

Saxifraga.| SAXIFRAGACES. 545

Monogr. Saxifr. 148. Referred to S. Virginiensis by Hook. f. in Arct. Pl. and
doubtfully by Gray, Am. Journ. Sci. 2. 55. 409, to S. Davurica.

Steiranisia reflexa. Raf. Fl. Tellur. 2. 69.

S. Virginiensis. Hook. f. Arct. Pl. 292 & 529, as to Arctic habitat.

S. rivularis. Linn. Spec. 404. See syn. in Sternb. Rey. Saxifr. 18 & Suppl.
2. 36; D. Don, Monogr. Saxifr. 567; Seringe, DC. Prodr. 4. 36; Ledeb. Fl. Ross.
2. 221; Middend. Fl. Taimyr. 45; Engler, Monogr. Saxifr. 104.— Pursh, 312.
Schrank, Pfl. Lab. 22. Hook. in Trans. Linn. Soc. 14. 370; Fl. Bor.-Am. 1. 246.
Meyer, Pl. Lab. 70. Hook. & Arn. Bot. Beechey, 124. Torr. & Gray, FI. 1. 574.
Fat. & Wr. 415. Seller, Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. 16.172. Seem. Bot. Herald, 32 &
56. Durand, Pl. Kane. in Journ. Acad. Philad. 1856, 193 (Kane’s Exped. 2. 456) ;
Proc. Acad. Philad. 1863, 94. Lange, Pl. Groenl. 128. | Hook. f. in Journ. Linn.
Soc. 1.117 & 124, & 5.83; Arct. Pl. 292 & 329. Dickie, Journ. Linn. Soc. 3. 111 &
11. 33. Rothr. Fl. Alask. 447. Gray, Manual, 167. Watson, King’s Rep. 5. 93,
in part. Porter, Fl. Col. 38.

S. petiolaris. R. Brown, Ross’ Voy. 142. Hook. in Parry’s Ist Voy. 274 (Re-
gensb. Flora, 72, Beil. 83). Richard. Frankl. Journ. 14. Torr. & Gray, FI. 1. 576.

S. Cymbalaria, & var. 8. Sternb. in Linnea, 6.555. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 574.

Evaiezoa rivularis. Raf. Fl. Tellur..2. 71.

Var. hyperborea. Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am. 1. 246. Torr. & Gray, FI. 1. 574.

S. hyperborea. R. Brown, Parry’s Ist Voy. 274. Seringe, DC. Prodr. 4. 37.
Sternb. Rey. Saxifr. Suppl. 2.38. Don, Mill. 3.210. Dietr. 2. 1529. Pl. Bour-
geau, 256.

Var. Laurentiana. Engler, 1. c. 105.

S. Laurentiana. Seringe, DC. Prodr. 4. 35. Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am. 1. 245. Sternb.
in Linnea, 6. 556. Don, Mill. 5. 211. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1.573. Eat. & Wr. 413.

S. vaginata. Presl; Sternb. Rey. Suppl. 2. 39.

Evaiezoa Laurentiana. Raf. Fl. Tellur. 2. 71.

S. serpyllifolia. Pursh, 310. See syn. in Sternb. Rev. Saxifr. Suppl. 2. 93;
Ledeb. Fl. Ross. 2. 210; Middend. Fl. Taimyr. 42; Engler, Monogr. Saxifr. 209. —
Poir. Suppl. 5. 77. D. Don, Monogr. Saxifr. 405. Spreng. Syst. 2. 367. Seringe,
DC. Prodr. 4.25. Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am. 1. 243. Cham. ‘in Linnea, 6.555. Don,
Mill. 3.216. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1.566. Eat. & Wr. 413. Dietr. 2. 1532. Trautv.
Pl. Imag. 47,t.31. Seem. Bot. Herald, 31. Hook. f. Arct. Pl. 292. Rothr. El.
Alask. 446.

S. Fischeri. Seringe, DC. Prodr. 4. 22.

S. bicolor. Sternb. Rev. Suppl. 2. 49, t. 14.

S. planifolia.. Sternb. in Linnea, 6. 555.

Evaiezoa serpyllifolia. Raf. Fl. Tellur. 2. 71.
S. sileniflora. Sternb. in Linnea, 6. 557; Rev. Saxifr. Suppl. 2. 68, t.13. Hook.
Fl. Bor.-Am. 1. 245. Don, Mill. 3. 224. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 566. Eat. & Wr. 414.
Dietr. 2. 1536. Walp. Rep. 2. 367. Ledeb. Fl. Ross. 2. 224. Seem. Bot. Herald,
31. Rothr. Fl. Alask. 447. Engler, Monogr. Saxifr. 172.

S. cespitosa, var. uniflora. Hook. & Arn. Bot. Beechey, 123.

S. hypnoides, var. condensata. Seringe, DC. Prodr. 4. 51, in part.

Lvaiezoa sileniflora. Raf. Fl. Tellur. 2. 71.

S. condensata. Dietr. 2. 1537, in part.
S. stellaris. Linn. Spec. 400. See syn. in Sternb. Rev. Saxifr. 11; D. Don,
Monogr. Saxifr. 356; Seringe, DC. Prodr. 4. 40; Ledeb. Fl. Ross. 2. 211; Middend.
Fl. Taimyr. 43; Engler, Monogr. Saxifr. 130.— Pursh, 310. Greville, Mem. Soe.
Wern. 428. Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am. 1. 570. Meyer, Pl. Lab. 68. Torr. & Gray, FI.

346 SAXIFRAGACE. [Saxifraga,

1.570. Eat. & Wr. 413. Lange, Pl. Groenl. 128. Hook. f. in Journ. Linn. Soe.
5-83; Arct. Pl. 292 & 329.

Var. comosa. Poir. Dict. 6. 680. Seringe, DC. Prodr. 4. 40. Vahl, Fl. Dan. 14,
t. 2354. Lange, Pl. Groenl. 128. Gray, Manual, 168. Porter, Fl. Col. 39. Eng-
ler, 1. ec. 133.

S. foliolosa. KR. Brown, Parry’s Ist Voy. 275 (Regensb. Flora, 7?, Beil. 84).
Hook. in Parry’s 2d Voy. 15; Trans. Linn. Soc. 14. 871; Fl. Bor.-Am. 1. 251. Don,
Mill. 38. 208. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 570. Eat. & Wr. 414. Walp. Rep. 2. 367. Seem.
Bot. Herald, 31. Durand, Pl. Kane. in Journ. Acad. Philad. 1856, 192 (Kane’s Ex-
ped. 2. 455).

S. stellaris, var. foliolosa. Trautv. Pl. Imag. 53, t. 35.

S. Texana. Buckley, Proc. Acad. Philad. 1861, 455. Walp. Ann. 7. 899. Young,
Fl. Texas, 288. Engler, Monogr. Saxifr. 283.

S. Tolmiei. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 567. Walp. Rep. 2. 366. Newberry, Pac. R.
Rep. 6. 75. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 8. 383; Bot. Calif. 1. 195. Engler, 1. ec. 129.

S. tricuspidata. Retz. Prodr. Fl. Scand. 2 ed. 104. Rottb. Act. Hafn. 10. 446,
t.6. Vahl, Fl. Dan. 6.5, t.976. Willd. Spec. 2. 657. oir. Dict. 6. 698. Per-
soon, 1. 490. Sternb. Rev. Saxifr. 54; Supp]. 2.62. Pursh, 312. R. Brown, Ross’
Voy. 142; Parry’s Ist Voy. 274. D.Don, Monogr. Saxifr. 440. Greville, Mem.
Soc. Wern. 428. Richard. Frankl. Journ. 9. Spreng. Syst. 2. 8368. Seringe, DC.
Prodr. 4.47. Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am. 1. 254. Don, Mill. 8. 213. Hook. & Arn. Bot.
Beechey, 124. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 564. Eat. & Wr.415. Dietr. 2. 1530. Ledeb.
Fl. Ross. 2. 209. Seller, Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. 16.172. Seem. Bot. Herald, 31 &
55. Durand, Pl. Kane. 192 (Kane’s Exped. 2. 455); Pl. Hayes, Proc. Acad. Philad.
1863, 94. Lange, Pl. Groenl. 128. Hook. f. in Journ. Linn. Soc. 1. 117, 121 & 124,

7

& 5.83; Arct. Pl. 292. Dickie, Journ. Linn. Soc. 3. 111 & 11. 33. Pl. Bourgeauy

257. Rothr. Fl. Alask. 446. Gray, Manual, 168. Macoun & Gibson, Trans. Bot.
Soc. Edinb. 12. 326. Engler, 1. c. 217.

Leptasea tricuspidata. Haworth, Enum. Saxifr. 39.

Var. micrantha. Sternb. Rev. Suppl. 2. 62. Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am. 1. 254. Torr.
& Gray, FI. 1. 565. '

S. Chamissoi. Sternb. Rey. Saxifr. Suppl. 1. 12, t. 10; Linnea, 6. 556. Spreng.

Syst. 2. 368. Seringe, DC. Prodr. 4.47. Don, Mill. 3. 213. Dietr. 2. 1550.
S. Virginiensis. Michx. Fl. 1.269. Lam. II. 2. 495, t. 372, f.4. oir. Dict.
6. 675. Pursh, 310. Sims, Bot. Mag. t. 1664. D. Don, Monogr. Saxifr. 386.
Elliott, 1.511. Torrey, Fl. U. S. 444; Fl. N. Y. 1.255. Spreng. Syst. 2. 3603
Seringe, DC. Prodr. 4.39. Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am. 1. 248; Lond. Journ. Bot. 6. 231.
Sternb. Rev. Saxifr. Suppl. 2.45. Beck, Bot. 137. Don, Mill. 3.217. Darling.
Fl. Cestr. 270. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1.571. Eat. & Wr. 413. Dietr. 2. 1533. Oakes,
Hovey’s Mag. 13. 218 (var. chlorantha). Benth. Pl. Hartw. 311. ‘Tuckerman, Josse-
lyn’s Rarities, 70 & 90. Durand, Pl. Pratten. 88. Torrey, Pac. R. Rep. 4. 89;
Mex. Bound. 69. Lesqx. Fl. Ark. 361. Chapman, 153. Pl. Bourgeau, 257. Gray,
Manual, 168; Proc. Am. Acad. 8. 382; Bot. Calif. 1. 194. Boland. Cat. 11. Engler,
Monogr. Saxifr. 1438.

S. nivalis. Winn. Spec. 400 & Willd. Spec. 2. 645, in part. Muhl. Cat. 45.

S. Virginica. Persoon, 1. 488. Nutt. Genera, 1. 285. | Spreng. Neue Entdeck.
1. 284. Sternb. Rev. Suppl. 1. 5.

S. vernalis. Willd. Hort. Berol. t. 43 (Schrad. Journ. Bot. 1807, 123); Enum.
459. Sternb. Rev. Saxifr.8. Bigel. Fl. Bost. 177. Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am. 1. 248.
Don, Mill. 38.217. Dietr. 2. 1533.

S. elongata. Sternb. Rey. Saxifr. 9,t.4. Seringe, DC. Prodr. 4. 39.

Saxifraga. Sullivantia.]

S. pilosa. Haworth, Misc. Nat. 157.

SAXIFRAGACEZ. 347

Dermasea elongata & pilosa. WWaworth, Enum. Saxifr. 8.
S. integrifolia, var. dentata. Torrey, Pac. R. Rep. 4. 89.

. aconitifolia ; Boykinia aconitifolia.

estivalis ; heterantha, punctata.
amplexifolia; Leptarrhena pyroli-
folia. ©
androsacea ; ceespitosa.
arguta ; punctata.
bicolor ; serpyllifolia.
Bongardi; leucanthemifolia.
cespitosa ; sileniflora, Spirea pec-
tinata.
Careyana ; Caroliniana.
Caroliniana ; erosa.
cernua; debilis, exilis.
Chamissoi ; tricuspidata.
cherlerioides ; bronchialis.
Clusii ; leucanthemifolia.
condensata ; sileniflora.
controversa ; adscendens.
Cymbalaria ; rivularis.
Davurica ; Lyallii, reflexa.
decipiens ; cespitosa.
elata ; Boykinia occidentalis.
elegans ; exilis.
elongata ; Virginiensis.
exarata ; Cespitosa.
Jerruginea ; leucanthemifolia.
Jinbriata ; Eschscholtzii.
Fischeri ; serpyllifolia.
Slabellifolia ; Davurica.
foliolosa ; stellaris.
Geum; punctata.
gracilis ; erosa, punctata.
Grenlandica ; cxespitosa.
hieracifolia ; integrifolia.
FTirculus ; chrysantha.
hirsuta ; punctata.
hirta ; ceespitosa.
hyperborea ; rivularis.
hypnoides ; silenifiora.
integrifolia ; Virginiensis.
Laurentiana ; rivularis.
leucanthemifolia ; bryophora.
Mertensiana ; heterantha.

S. Nelsoniana; punctata, Boykinia

Richardsonii.
nitida ; bronchialis.
nivalis ; integrifolia, Virginiensis.
nuda; erosa.
nutans ; Romanzovia Sitchensis.
palustris ; Pennsylvanica.
pauciflora ; nivalis.
pectinata ; Spireea pectinata.
petiolaris ; rivularis.
petreea ; adscendens.
pilosa; Virginiensis.
planifolia ; serpy llifolia.
plantaginifolia ; hieracifolia.
propinqua ; Hirculus.
Pseudo-Burseriana ; bronchialis.
pubescens ; ceespitosa.
punctata ; heterantha.
pyrolifolia ; Leptarrhena pyrolifolia.
retusa ; oppositifolia.
Richardsonii; Boykinia Richard-
sonii.

rivularis ; debilis, nudicaulis.
semipubescens ; Pennsylvanica.
serpyllifolia ; chrysantha.
setigera ; flagellaris.
Sibirica ; cernua, exilis.
spathulata ; oppositifolia.
spicata ; punctata.
stellaris ; leacanthemifolia.
Sternbergii ; ceespitosa.
Sullivantii ; Sullivantia Ohioensis.
tridactylites ; adscendens.
umbrosa ; punctata.
Unalascheensis ; Davurica.
uniflora ; ceespitosa.
vaginata ; rivularis.
venosa ; cxespitosa.
vernalis ; Virginiensis.
Virginiensis ; reflexa.
Wolleana ; erosa.

2; bronchialis.

SULLIVANTIA Ohioensis. Torr. & Gray; Gray, Am. Journ. Sci. 1. 42. 22
(Lond. Journ. Bot. 1. 228); Chloris Bor.-Am. in Mem. Am. Acad. 3. 38, t. 6 (Re-
gensb. Flora, 32. 695); Struct. Bot. 424, f. 839-844; Manual, 169. Baillon, Hist.
Pi. 3. 331. Coulter, Am. Naturalist, 9. 572.

848 SAXIFRAGACEA. [Sullivantia. Tiarella,
; ;
Heuchera (2), n. sp. Sullivant, Cat. Pl. Columb. 20.
Saxifraga (7) Sullivantii. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1.575. Walp. Rep. 2. 867.
TELLIMA affinis. Boland. Cat. 11. Gray, Bot. Calif. 198.
Lithophragma heterophylla. Torrey, Pac. R. Rep. 4. 90; Mex. Bound. 69.
L. affinis. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 6. 554. Watson, King’s eee . 449,

T. Bolanderi. Boland. Cat. 11. Gray, Bot. Calif. 1. 198.
Lithophragma Bolandert. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 6. 535, Watson, 1. ¢e.

T. Cymbalaria. Walp. Rep. 2. 372. Boland. Cat. 11. Gray, Bot. Calif. 1. 198.

Lithophragma Cymbalaria. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 585. Torrey, Pac. R. Rep. 7. 11;
Mex. Bound. 69. Gray, Ives’s Rep. 15; Proc. Am. Acad. 6. 535. Watson, King’s
Rep. 5. 449.
T. grandiflora. R. Brown, Frankl. Journ. Appx. 759. Dougl.; Lindl Bot. Reg.
14,t.1178. Seringe, DC.Prodr. 4.49. Bongard, Veg. Sitch. 139. Hook. Fl.
1.239. Cham. in Linnea, 6.559. Don, Mill. 3.228. Spach, Hist. Veg. 5. 63.
Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 583. Eat. & Wr. 448. Ledeb. FI. Ross. 2. 228. Torrey, Pae:
R..Rep. 4. 90; Bot. Wilkes, 311. Cooper, Pac. R. Rep. 12. 62. Regel, Ind. Sem,
Petrop. 1866, 100. Rothr. Fl. Alask. 447. “Boland. Cat. 11. Baillon, Hist. PL
3. 829, f. 368. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 8. 383; Bot. Calif. 1. 197.

Mitella grandiflora. Pursh, 314. Haworth, Enum. Saxifr. 57. Spreng. Syst.
2. 361. Dietr. 2. 1539.

Tiarella alternifolia. Fisch.; Seringe, DC. Prodr. 4. 50. Don, Mill. 3. 229.
Dietr. 2. 1538.

T. heterophylla. Hook. & Arn. Bot. Beechey, 346. Walp. Rep. 2. 871. Boland.
Cat. 11. Gray, Bot. Calif. 1. 198.

Lithophragma heterophylla. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 584. Benth. Pl. Hartw. 312.
Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 6. 534 & 535. Watson, King’s Rep. 5. 449.

T. parviflora. Hook. Fl. Bor-Am. 1. 259, t. 78, A. Don, Mill. 3. 228, £. 49.
Hook. & Arn. Bot. Beechey, 346 (as T. parvifolia). Eat. & Wr. 448. Walp. Rep.

371. Watson, King’s Rep. 5.94. Porter, Hayd. Rep. 1871, 782; Fl. Col. 40.
Coulter, Hayd. Rep. 1872, 766. Gray, Bot. Calif. 1. 198.

Lithophragma parviflora. Nutt. in Journ. Acad. Philad. 7. 26. Torr. & Gray, Fl.
1.584. Hook. in Lond. Journ. Bot. 6. 232. Cooper, Pac. R. Rep. 12. 62. Gray,
Proc. Acad. Philad. 1863, 62; Proc. Am. Acad. 6. 534. Watson, King’s Rep. 5. 449,”
Torrey, Bot. Wilkes, 311.

Pleurendotria parviflora & reniformis. Raf. Fl. Tellur. 2. 73.

Mitella parviflora. Dietr. 2. 1589
’ 'T. tenella. Walp. Rep. 2. 371. Wateou, King’s Rep. 5.95. Coulter, Hayd. Rep.
1872, 766. Rothr. Pl. Wheeler, 38. Gray, Bot. Calif. 1. 198.

Lithophragma tenella & glabra. Nutt.; Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 584. Gray, Proc. Am.
Aéad. 6. 533 & 534. Anderson, Cat. Pl. Nev. 121. Watson, King’s Rep. 5. 449.

T. glabra. Walp. Rep. 2. 371.

Lithophragma parviflora. Gray, Ives’s Rep. 15.
TIARELLA cordifolia. Linn. Spec. 405. Ait. Hort. Kew. 2.83. Lam. Ill
2. 495, t. 373, f. 1. Willd. Spec. 2. 659; Enum. 462. Michx. Fl. 1. 270. Persoon,
1.491. Poir. Dict. 7.657. Sims, Bot. Mag. t. 1589. Pursh, 313. Haworth,
Enum. Saxifr. 58. Torrey, Am. Journ. Sci. 4. 63; Fl. U. S. 445; FL N.Y. 1. 258.
Bigel. Fl. Bost. 2 ed. 178. Spreng. Syst. 2. 861. Seringe, DC. Prodr. 4. 50. Hook.
FL. Bor.-Am. 1. 238. Beck, Bot. 139. Don, Mill. 8. 229. Spach, Hist. Veg. 5. 60.
Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 587. Eat. & Wr. 452. Dietr. 2. 1538. Ledeb. FI. Ross. 2. 229,
Chapman, 154. Gray, Manual, 170. Baillon, Hist. Pl. 3. 331, £ 371.

,

Tiarella. Cotyledon.] CRASSULACE. 349

T trifoliata. Linn. Spec. 406. Willd. Spec. 2. 659. Pursh, 313. Haworth,
Enum. Saxifr. 58. Spreng. Syst. 2.361. Seringe, DC. Prodr. 4. 50. Hook. FI.
Bor.-Am. 1. 238.. Bongard, Veg. Sitch. 139. Don, Mill. 8.229. Torr. & Gray,
Fl. 1. 588. Eat. & Wr. 452. Dietr. 2. 15538. Cooper, Pac. R. Rep. 12. 62. Rothr.
Fl. Alask. 447. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 8. 383; Bot. Calif. 1.199. Torrey, Bot.
Wilkes, 512.

T. laciniata. Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am. 1. 239, t. 77. Don, Mill. 3.229. Torr. &
Gray, Fl. 1. 588. Eat. & Wr. 452. Dietr. 2. 1538. Walp. Rep. 2. 372.

T. stenopetala. Presl, Rel. Haenk. 2. 55. Don, Mill. 3. 229. Dietr. 2. 1538.
Walp. Rep. 2. 372.

Blondia trifoliata. Raf. Fl. Tellur. 2. 75.

Petalosteira laciniata. Raf. 1. c. 2. 74.
T unifoliata. Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am. 1. 238, t. 81. Don, Mill. 3.229. Torr. &
Gray, Fl. 1.587. Eat. & Wr. 452. Dietr. 2. 1538. Walp. Rep. 2. 372. Newberry,
Pac. R. Rep. 6.74. Boland. Cat.11. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 8. 883; Bot. Calif.
i; 199.

Heuchera longipetala. Mog. Icon. Fl. Mex. ined. t. 423. Seringe, DC. Prodr.
4.52. Hook. FI. Bor.-Am. 1. 237. Don, Mill. 3. 231.

Petalosteira unifolia. Raf. Fl. Tellur. 2. 74.

Var. procera. Gray, Bot. Calif. 1. 199.
Heuchera Californica. Kellogg, Proc. Calif. Acad. 5. 53.

T. alternifolia ; Tellima grandiflora. T. laciniata ; trifoliata.
biternata ; Astilbe decandra. Menziesii ; Tolmiea Menziesii.
bracteata ; Heuchera bracteata. stenopetala; trifoliata.
colorans ; Heuchera glabra. ~ unifolia ; Mitella nuda.

TOLMIEA Menziesii. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 582. Cooper, Pac. R. Rep. 12. 62.
Boland. Cat. 12. Baillon, Hist. Pl. 5.554, £ 373. Torrey, Bot. Wilkes, 311. Gray,
Bot. Calif. 1. 197.

Tiarella Menziesii. Pursh, 313. Poir. Suppl. 5. 308. Haworth, Enum. Saxifr.
58. Spreng. Syst. 2. 361. Seringe, DC. Prodr. 4. 50. Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am. 1. 238.
Don, Mill. 3.229. Eat. & Wr. 452. Dietr. 2. 1538.

Heuchera Menzies. Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am. 1. 237, t. 80. Don, Mill. 3. 230.

Leptaxis Menziesii. Raf. Fl. Tellur. 2. 75.

WHIPPLEA modesta. Torrey, Pac. R. Rep. 4. 90, t. 7. Boland. in Proce.
Calif. Acad. 3. 80; Cat. 12. Baillon, Hist. Pl. 3. 350. Gray, Bot. Calif. 1. 203.

W. Utahensis. Watson, Am. Naturalist, 7. 300. Gray, Bot. Calif. 1. 203.

= CRASSULACE.

| COTYLEDON cespitosa. Haworth, Misc. Nat. 180; Syn. Pl Suce. 107.
| DC. Rar. Pl. Geney. 50, t.14. Baker, Refug. Bot. 1, t.69. Brew. & Wats. Bot.
_ Calif. 1. 212.

Sedum Cotyledon. Jacquin, Eclog. 1, t.17. Reichenb. Hort. Bot. 2. 10, t. 125.
C. linguiformis. Ait. f. Hort. Kew. 3. 109. Poir. Suppl. 5. 631.
| C. refleca. Willd. Enum. Suppl. 24.

~ A.

850 CRASSULACEZ. [Cotyledon. Penthorum, —

Echeveria cespitosa. DC. Prodr. 3.401. Don, Mill. 38.118. Torr. & Gray, Fl. —
1. 560. Schlecht. in Hort. Hal. 1855, fase. 8.18. Walp. Ann. 5.12. Ill. Hort. 10,
Misc. 79.

? Echeveria campanulata. Kunze, Del. Sem. h. Lips. 7.

Echeveria lanceolata. Torrey, Bot. Wilkes, 307.

C. edulis. Brewer; Brew. & Wats. Bot. Calif. 1. 211.
Sedum edule. Nutt.; Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 560. Dietr. 2. 1621. Walp. Rep.
2.263. Torrey, Mex. Bound. 68.

C. farinosa. Baker, Refug. Bot. 1,t.71. Brew. & Wats. Bot. Calif. 1. 211.
Echeveria farinosa. Lindl. in Journ. Hort. Soc. 4. 292. Walp. Ann. 2. 669.

Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 5.158? Ill. Hort. 10, Mise. 79.
Echeveria lanceolata. Torrey, Pac. R. Rep. 4. 89, in part. Newberry, Pac.R.

Rep. 6.74% Boland. Cat. 12 4 e
Echeveria laxa. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 5. 158, in part.

C. Grayii. Baker, Refug. Bot., under t. 71. (Northern Mexico).

Echeveria cespitosa? Engelm. in Wisliz. Rep. 22.

Echeveria paniculata. Gray, Pl. Wright. 1.76. Walp. Ann. 5. 12. Ill. Hort. 10,
Mise. 81.
C. lanceolata. Benth. & Hook. Gen. Pl. 1. 659. Brew. & Wats. Bot. Calif. 1. 211.

Echeveria lanceolata. Nutt.; Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 561. Walp. Rep. 2. 260;
Ann. 5.12. Schlecht. in Hort. Hal. 1853, fase. 3.18. Torrey, Mex. Bound. 69, in
part, t. 24. Ill. Hort. 10, Mise. 80. Referred doubtfully to C. cespitosa by Baker,
1. c. under t. 69.

C. laxa. Benth. & Hook. Gen. Pl. 1. 659. Brew. & Wats. Bot. Calif. 1. 212.
Echeveria lara. Windl. in Journ. Hort. Soc. 4.292. Walp. Ann. 2. 669 & 6. 12.
Schlecht. 1. c. Ill. Hort. 10, Mise. 81.
C. Californica. Baker, Refug. Bot. 1, t. 70.

C. Nevadensis. Watson, Bot. Calif. 1. 212.
Echeveria lanceolata. ‘Torrey, Pac. R. Rep. 4. 89, in part.
Echeveria lara. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad _ 5, 158, in part. -

C. Peacockii. Baker, Gard. Chronicle, 1874, 2. 258.

C. pulverulenta. Baker, Refug. Bot. 1, t.66. Brew. & Wats. Bot. Calif. 1.211. |

Echeveria pulverulenta. Nutt.; Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 560. Walp. Rep. 2. 259;
Ann. 5.12. Schlecht. in Hort. Hal. 1853, fase. 3. 18. Torrey, Mex. Bound. 687
Ill. Hort. 10, Mise. 82. y

C. strictiflora. Baker, Refug. Bot. 1, under t. 62.
Echeveria strictiflora. Gray, Pl. Wright. 1. 76. Walp. Ann. 5.12. Torrey,
Mex. Bound. 68. Ill. Hort. 10, Mise. 83.

DIAMORPHA pusilla. Nutt. Genera, 1. 293. Elliott, 1.580. Spreng. Syst. |
2: 260. DC. Prodr. 3. 414; Mem. Crass. 42, t. 1, f. 9 (fruit). Don, Mill. 3.125. Torn
& Gray, Fl. 1. 561, excl. syn. Michx. Dietr. 2. 1828. Chapman, 150. Wood, Cl- |
Book, 368; Bot. & Fl. 119. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 11. 71.

Tillea (2) cymosa. Nutt. Genera, 1. 110, & Appx.

PENTHORUM sedoides. Linn. Spec. 432. Hill, Veg. Syst. 13,t.6,f 1 |
Walter, 142. Gaertn. Fruct. 1. 312,t.65. Ait. Hort. Kew. 2. 112. Lam. Ih
2. 506, t. 390. Willd. Spec. 2.770. -Michx. Fl. 1.278. Poir. Dict. 5.161. Perm
soon, 1.513. Haworth, Syn. Fl. Succ. 120. Pursh, 323. Bigel. Fl. Bost. 18%
Elliott, 1. 528. Torrey, Fl. U. S. 463; Fl. N. Y. 1. 253. Spreng. Syst. 2. 432. DGs
Prodr. 3. 414; Mem. Crass. 48, t. 1, f. 8 (fruit). Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am. 1. 229; Comp:

-

Penthorum. Sedum.] CRASSULACEZ. ool:

Bot. Mag. 1.46. Beck, Bot. 133. Don, Mill. 3.125. Darling. Fl. Cestr. 281.
Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1.562. Eat. & Wr. 347. Dietr. 2.1627. Gray, Pl. Fendl. 54;
Manual, 171. Engelm. Pl. Upp. Miss. 193. Lesqx. Fl. Ark. 361. Chapman, 151.
Baillon, Hist. Pl. 3. 336, f. 376, 377.

SEDUM acre, Linn. Gray, Manual, 172. Wood, Cl.-Book, 368.

S. annuum. Linn. Spec. 452, in part. See syn. in Ledeb. FI. Ross. 2. 186; Koch,
Fl. Germ. 3 ed. 223. — Lange, Pl. Groenl. 127. Hook. f. Arct. Pl. 291.

S. debile. Watson, King’s Rep. 5. 102. Porter, Hayd. Rep. 1871, 483. Coulter,
same, 1872, 766. Brew. & Wats. Bot. Calif. 1. 210.

S. Douglasii. Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am. 1. 228; Lond. Journ. Bot. 6. 231. Don, Mill.
38.114. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1.559. Walp. Rep. 2. 262. Porter, Hayd. Rep. 1871,
483. Torrey, Bot. Wilkes, 508. Brew. & Wats. Bot. Calif. 1. 210.

S. Nevii. Gray, Mem. Am. Acad. 6. 375; Manual, 172. Chapman, 150.
S. obtusatum. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 7. 542. Brew. & Wats. Bot. Calif. 1. 209.

S. Oreganum. Nutt.; Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1.559. Walp. Rep. 2. 262. Dietr.
2.1618. Cooper, Pac. R. Rep. 12.61. Brew. & Wats. Bot. Calif. 1. 209.

@ 8. sparsiflorum. Torrey, Bot. Wilkes, 307.
S. pulchellum. Michx. Fl. 1.277. Persoon, 1.512. Pursh, 528. Poir. Suppl.
4.210. Nutt. Genera, 1.292. Elliott, 1.529. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1.559. Eat. &
Wr. 421. Dietr. 2. 1620. Chapman, 150. Gray, Manual, 172. Hook. f. Bot.
Mag. t. 6223. ;

S. pusillum. Pursh, 323.

S. pulchrum. DC. Prodr. 3. 403. Don, Mill. 3. 116.

S. pumilum. Benth. Pl. Hartw. 310. Walp. Ann. 2.671. Brew. & Wats. 1. ec.

S. pusillum. Michx. Fl. 1.276. Persoon, 1.515. Poir. Suppl. 4. 210. Eat. &
Wr. 421. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 11. 71.

S. rhodanthum. Gray, Am. Journ. Sci. 2. 33. 405; Proce. Acad. Philad. 1863,
62 (Bull. Soe. Bot. France, 9. 679). Walp. Ann. 7. 921. Porter, Hayd. Rep. 1870,
475; 1871, 483; FI. Col. 48. Watson, King’s Rep. 5.101. Coulter, Hayd. Rep.
1872, 766. Rothr. Pl. Wheeler, 39.
S. Rhodiola. DC. Fl. Franc. 3 ed. 4. 386; Pl. Grass. t. 143; Prodr. 3. 401. See
syn. in Ledeb. Fl. Ross. 2. 179 (& under S. elongatum, 178); Middend. Fl. Taimyr.
46; Regel & Tiling, Fl. Ajan. 88.— Torrey, Ann. Lyc. N. Y. 2. 206; Frem. Rep.
oo. Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am. 1. 227. Hook. & Arn. Bot. Beechey, 123. Torr. & Gray,
Fl. 1.558. Eat. & Wr. 421. Gray, Pl. Fendl. 54; Am. Journ. Sci. 2. 33. 405; Proce.
Acad. Philad. 1863, 62; Manual, 172. Seem. Bot. Herald, 30. Durand, Pl. Kane.
inJourn. Acad. Philad. 1856, 191 (Kane’s Exp. 2. 454). Lange, Pl. Groenl. 127.
Hook. f. Arct. Pl. 291 & 328. Pl. Bourgeau, 257. JRothr. Fl. Alask. 446; PI.
Wheeler, 39. Matthew, Pl. Acad. 15. Porter, Hayd. Rep. 1870, 475; 1871, 483;
Fl. Col. 42. Watson, King’s Rep. 5.101. Coulter, Hayd. Rep. 1872, 766. Brew.
& Wats. Bot. Calif. 1. 209.

Rhodiola rosea. Linn. Spec. 1035. Schrank, Pfl. Lab. 24. Meyer, Pl. Lab. 70.
Hook. f. in Journ. Linn. Soc. 5. 83.

S. elongatum. Wedeb. Fl. Alt. 2. 193; FI. Ross. 2. 178.
S. spathulifolium. Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am. 1. 227. Don, Mill. 3.114. Torr. & Gray,
Fl. 1. 559. Dietr. 2.1618. Walp. Rep. 2. 263. Torrey, Pac. R. Rep. 4. 89; Mex.
Bound. 68 ; Bot. Wilkes, 307. Newberry, Pac. R. Rep. 6.74. Cooper, same, 12. 61.
Boland. Cat. 12. Regel, Gart. Fl. 1872, 297, t. 741, b. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad.

8. 383. Brew. & Wats. Bot. Calif. 1.209. Gard. Chronicle, 1876, 1. 820, f. 146.

302 ' CRASSULACEA. [Sedum. Tillzea.

S. stenopetalum. Pursh, 824. Poir. Suppl. 5.751. James, Cat. 181. Spreng,

Syst. 2.435. Torrey, Ann. Lyc. N. Y. 2.205; Bot. Wilkes, 308. DC. Prodr.
3.408. Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am. 1. 228; Lond. Journ. Bot. 6. 230. Don, Mill. 3. 120.
Nutt. in Journ. Acad. Philad. 7.23. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 560: Eat. & Wr. 421.
Dietr. 2. 1622. Engelm. Pl. Upp. Miss. 193. Newberry, Pac. R. Rep. 6.74. Gray,
Am. Journ. Sci. 2. 33. 405; Proc. Acad. Philad. 1863, 62. Pl. Bourgeau, 257. Por-
ter, Hayd. Rep. 1870, 475; 1871, 483; Fl. Col. 43. Watson, King’s Rep. 5. 101.
Regel, Gart. Fl. 1872, 297, t. 741, a. Coulter, Hayd. Rep. 1872, 766. Rothr. PL.
Wheeler, 39. Brew. & Wats. Bot. Calif. 1. 210.

S. lanceolatum. Torrey, Ann. Lyc. N. Y. 2.205. Don, Mill. 3.115. Eat. &
Wr. 421.

¢ S. subelavatum. Haworth, Phil. Mag. 1831, 414. Don, Mill. 8.120. Dietr.
2. 1622.
S. telephioides. Michx. Fl. 1.277. Persoon, 1.511. Pursh, 324. Poir. Suppl.
4.206. Elliott, 1.529. Torrey, Fl. U. S. 464; Fl. N. Y. 1. 252. DC. Prodr. 3. 402:
Beck, Bot. 153. Don, Mill. 3.116. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1.558. Eat. & Wr. 421.
Dietr. 2. 1620. Chapman, 150. Gray, Manual, 172.

¢ S. hematodes. Mill.; DC. Prodr. 3. 404. Don, Mill. 3.116. Torr. & Gray, Fl. —
1. 560. Dietr. 2. 1619. :

Anacampseros telephioides. Haworth, Syn. Pl. Succ. 112.

S. Terepnivum, Linn. Torrey, Fl. N. Y. 1.252. Wood, Cl.-Book, 368. Gray, .
Manual, 172. f
S. ternatum. Michx. Fl. 1.277. Persoon, 1. 512. Ait. f. Hort. Kew. 3. 112,

Pursh, 3824. Ker, Bot. Reg. t. 142. Sims, Bot. Mag. t. 1977. Elliott, 1. 529, a
Torrey, Fl. U. 8. 463. Spreng. Syst. 2. 434. DC. Prodr. 3. 403. Hook. Fl. Bor- |

Am. 1. 228. Beck, Bot. 183. Don, Mill. 3.115. Darling. FI. Cestr. 482. Torr. &
Gray, Fl. 1.559. Eat. & Wr. 420. Dietr. 2. 1618. Lesqx. Fl. Ark. 361. Chap-—
man, 150. Gray, Manual, 172.
S. portulacoides. Muhl.; Willd. Enum. 1. 484; Cat. 46. Poir. Suppl. 4. 206.
Anacampseros ternata. Haworth, Syn. Pl. Suce. 114.
S. dejiciens. Donn, Hort. Cantab. 6 ed. 126. :
S. Torreyi. Don, Mill. 3.121. Eat. & Wr. 421. Dietr. 2. 1623. Walp. Rep. ©
2. 263.
S. 2, nov. sp. Torrey, Ann. Lyc. N. Y. 2. 2065.

S. sparsiflorum. Nutt.; Torr. & Gray, FI. 1. 559. Dietr. 2.1618. Walp. Rep. —
2, 262. Engelm. & Gray, Pl. Lindh. 38. Gray, Pl. Lindh. 209 ; Hall’s Pl. Texas, 9.
S. variegatum. Watson, Proc. Am. Acad. 11.137. Brew. & Wats. Bot. Calif.

1. 210.

S. villosum. Linn. Spec. 432. Credited to Greenland by Lange, Pl. Groenl. 128,
and Hook. f. in Arct. Pl. 291.

S. Wrightii. Gray, Pl. Wright. 1.76 & 2.63. Torrey, Pac. R. Rep. 4. 89; Mex.
Bound. 68.

SEMPERVIVUM trecrorvm, Linn. Brew. & Wats. Bot. Calif. 1. 208.
TILLA angustifolia. Nutt.; Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1.558. Walp. Rep. 2. 252.
Watson, King’s Rep. 5. 101. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 8. 383. Torrey, Bot. Wilkes,
008. Rothr. Pl. Wheeler, 39. Brew. & Wats. Bot. Calif. 1. 209.

Var. (?) Bolanderi. Watson, Bot. Calif. 1. 209.
fT. Drummondii. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1.558. Walp. Rep. 2.252. Gray, Hall’s
Pl. Texas, 9. Brandegee, Fl. S. W. Colorado, 236.

-

|
}
|
i

|

Tilleea. Drosera.] DROSERACEZ. 853

T. minima. Miers, Trav. Chil. 2.530. Don, Mill. 3.98. Hook. & Arn. Bot.
Mise. 3. 838. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 557 & 697. Walp. Rep. 2. 252... Gay, Fl. Chil.

_ 2,529. Watson, Proc. Am. Acad. 11.115. Brew. & Wats. Bot. Calif. 1. 208.

T. erecta. Hook. & Arn. Bot. Beechey, 24.
T. muscosa. Gay, Fl. Chil. 2. 529.

Var. subsimplex. Watson, Bot. Calif. 1.208; Proc. Am. Acad. 11. 115.
T. leptopetala. Benth. Pl. Hartw. 310. Walp. Ann. 2. 666. Boland. Cat. 12.

T. simplex. Nutt. in Journ. Acad. Philad. 1. 114 (Litt-Ber. zu Linnea, 1828,
163); Genera, Appx. Barton, Comp. Fl. Philad. 1.94. Torrey, Compend. 87 ;
Fl. N. Y. 1. 251. DC. Prodr. 3. 381. Roem. & Schult. Syst. 32. 345. Beck, Bot.
133. Don, Mill. 3.98. Torr. & Grey, Fl. 1.557. Gray, Manual, 171.

T. ascendens. Eaton, Manual, 5 ed. 419. Hat. & Wr. 453.

DROSERACEL.

DIONZA muscipula. Ellis; Linn. Mant. 2. 258 (Nov. Act. Ups. 1. 98, t. 8).
Schreber, Ellis Epist. t. Hill, Decade, t.5. Houttuyn, Pfl. Syst. 6. 497, t. 50, B.
Walter, 144. Lam. Dict. 2. 285; Ill. 2. 487, t. 362. Ait. Hort. Kew. 2. 63. Willd.
Spec. 2.574. Michx. Fl. 1. 267. Ventenat, Hort. Malm. 1. 5, t. 29 (Koenig, Ann.
Bot. 1. 389). Sims, Bot. Mag. t. 785. Persoon, 1. 469. Pursh, 304. Turpin,
Dict. Sci. Nat. 13. 284,t.185. Nutt. Genera, 1.284. Tratt. Thesaur. Bot. t. 2.
Lodd. Bot. Cab. t. 48. Elliott, 1. 479. Loisel. Herb. Amat. 5, t. 349. DC. Prodr.
1. 3820. Spreng. Syst. 2.830. Don, Mill. 1.527. Paxton, Mag. Bot. 1, t. 60.
Croom, Am. Journ. Sci. 25. 75 & 26.315. Curtis, Journ. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist.
7,123. Reichenb. FI. Exot. 5. 35, t.340. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1.147. Eat. & Wr.
225. Dietr. 2.1470. FI. Serres, 3. 280,t. Gray, Genera Ill. 1. 198, t. 84, 85;
Manual, 85. Burnet, Encyc. Pl. 1, t. 109. lJindl. Veg. Kingd. 433, f. 302.
Schnitzl. Icon. t. 189, f. 23-31. Chapman, 37. Maout & Decaisne, Trait. Bot.
405, figs. Wood, Bot. & Fl. 51.

D. sensitiva. Salish. Prodr. 321.

D. sessiliflora. Raf. Atl. Journ. 2.78; Med. Bot. 2. 217; New. Fl. 4. 17. Walp.
Rep. 1. 230.

D. uniflora. Raf. Atl. Journ. 2.78. Walp. Rep. 1. 230.

D. corymbosa. Raf. Med. Bot. 2. 217.

DROSERA Anglica. Hudson, Fl. Angl. 135. See syn., under D. longifolia, in
Fries, Nov. Fl. Suee. 2 ed. 82; Ledeb. Fl. Ross. 1. 261; Regel, Fl. Ost-Sib. 1. 258. —
Hook. Fl. Bor-Am. 1.81. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1.146. Eat. & Wr. 280. Planchon,
Ann. Sci. Nat. 3. 9. 200. Brew. & Wats. Bot. Calif. 1. 213.

D. longifolia. Linn. Spec. 282, in part. Hook. f. Arct. Pl. 286.

D. brevifolia. Pursh, 211. Poir. Suppl. 4.717. Nutt. Genera, 1.141. Roem.

| & Schult. Syst. 6. 762. DC. Prodr. 1.317. Spreng. Syst. 1.955. Don, Mill.

1.544. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 146, excl. var. 8. Eat. & Wr. 230. Dietr. 2. 1018.

_ Engelm. & Gray, Pl. Lindh. 4. Planch. in Ann. Sci. Nat. 3. 9.191. Chapman, 37.
_ Wood, Cl.-Book, 251; Bot. & Fl. 51. Gray, Hall’s Pl. Texas, 5.
_D. capillaris. Poir. Dict. 6.299. DC. Prodr. 1.318. Don, Mill. 1. 344. Dietr.

2.1018. Planch. 1. c. 194. Chapman, 37. Wood, Bot. & Fl. 51. Gray, 1. ¢.
D. brevifolia, var. major. Hook. Journ. Bot. 1. 194. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 146.
D. rotundifolia, var. capillaris. Eat. & Wr. 250.

D. minor. Wood, Cl.-Book, 251.
23

854 DROSERACE®. (Drosera. Fothergilla.

D. filiformis. Raf. in Med. Rep. 5. 360; Desv. Journ. Bot. 1. 227. Pursh, ole
Poir. Suppl. 4: 717 & 718. Nutt. Genera, 1.142. Roem. & Schult. Syst. 6. 768.)
DC. Prodr. 1.318. Torrey, Fl. U. 8. 352; Fl. N. Y. 1. 82, t.10. Spreng. Syst.
1.955. Don, Mill. 1.345. Beck, Bot. 42. Graham, Edinb. Phil. Journ. 1836,
July. Hook. Bot. Mag. t. 3540. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1.147. Eat. & Wr. 230.7
Dietr. 2. 1018. Gray, Gen. Ill. 1. 194, t. 83; Manual, 83. Planch. 1. e. 201. .

D. tenuifolia, Willd. Enum. 340. Poir. Suppl. 4. 717. Muhl. Cat. 33. Roem.
& Schult. Syst. 6. 763. Bigel. Fl. Bost. 2 ed. 124.

D. intermedia. Drev. & Hayne, Abbild. Deutsch. Gewach. 1. 18, t.3,B; Pl.
Europ. 43, t. 75, B. See syn. in Koch, Fl. Germ. 3 ed. 78; Planch, 1. c. 198.—
Hook. f. Arct. Pl. 286. Regel, Fl. Ost-Sib. 1..259. Brew. & Wats. Bot. Calif,
1. 213.

D. longifolia. Linn. Spec. 282, in part.

Var. Americana. DC. Prodr. 1.318. Don, Mill. 1. 345. Griseb. Fl. Brit. W.
Ind. 27. Eichler, Mart. Fl. Bras. 142. 392, t. 90, f. 2.

D. longifolia. Michx. Fl. 1.186. Poir. Dict. 6.298. Pursh, 211. Nutt. Genera,
1.141. Roem. & Schult. Syst. 6. 761. Elliott, 1.876. DC. Prodr. 1. 318. Bigel
F). Bost. 2 ed. 128. Torrey, Fl. U. 8. 331; Fl. N. Y. 1.82. Spreng. Syst. 1. 955.
Don, Mill. 1. 545. Beck, Bot. 42. Hook. in Lond. Journ. Bot. 1.194. Torr. & |
Gray, Fl. 1.146. Eat. & Wr. 230. Dietr. 2.1018. Chapman, 37. Gray, Man- |
ual, 82. e
D. Americana. Willd. Enum. 340. Muhl. Cat. 33. Poir. Suppl. 4. 718. Roem, —
& Schult. Syst. 6. 765. Bertol. Bol. Mise. 10. 32 .

D. foliosa. Elliott, 1. 376 (Spreng. Neue Entdeck. 2. 195). DC. Prodr. 1. 319, |
Eaton, Man. 5 ed. 205. Don, Mill. 1. 346. Dietr. 2. 1019. a

D. intermedia, var. elatior. Planch. 1. e. 199.

D. linearis. Goldie, Edinb. Phil. Journ. 1822, 825. Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am. 1. 82, |
t. 27, A. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1.146. Walp. Rep. 1. 227. Eat. & Wr. 230. Planch. |
]. c. 200. Gray, Manual, 82. Macoun & Gibson, Trans. Bot. Soc. Edinb. 12. 317.

D. rotundifolia. Linn. Spec. 282. See syn. in Ledeb. FI. Ross. 1. 261; Regel,
Fl. Ost-Sib. 1. 257; Pritzel, Ind. Ic. Bot. 1. 383 & 2. 111.— Walter, 118. Willd. |
Spec. 1. 1548. Michx. Fl. 1.186. Poir. Dict. 6.299. Persoon, 1. 536. Pursh,
210. Bigel. Fl. Bost. 128. Nutt. Genera, 1. 141. Elliott, 1. 575. Roem. & Schult
Syst. 6. 760. DC. Prodr. 1.318. Torrey, Fl. U.S. 331; El. N.Y. 1 80 Cham.
& Schlecht. in Linnea, 1. 547. Hook. Fl. Bor-Am. 1.81. Bongard, Veg. Siteh,
126. Beck, Bot. 42. Schlecht. Fl. Lab. in Linnea, 10.102. Darling. FI. Cestr.
211. Torr. & Gray, Fl.1.146. Eat. & Wr. 229. Planchon, 1. c. 198. Parry,
Pl. Minn. 609. Cooper, Pac. R. Rep. 12. 56. Chapman, 37. Hook. f. Arct. Ph.
286. Rothr. Fl. Alask. 444. Gray, Manual, 82. Millington, Am. Naturalist,
2.107. Treat, Am. Journ. Sci. 3. 2.463; Am. Naturalist, 7.705. Brew. & Wats.
Bot. Calif. 1. 213. F

HAMAMELACEA.

FOTHERGILLA Gardeni. Linn.; Murr. Syst. Veg. 418. Marsh. Arbust. 47.

Schkuhr, Handb. 2. 79, t.143. Jacq. Icon. Rar. 1, t. 100; Coll. 1.79. Michx. Fl

1.313. Lodd. Bot. Cab. t. 1507.
Hamamelis 2 Linn. Syst. Nat. 12 ed. (1767), 2. 129, under HZ. Virginia.
Hamamelis Virginiana Carolina. inn. Mant. 2. 333. Willd. Spec. 1. 701.

-

Fothergilla. Liquidambar.| HAMAMELACE. ooo

Fothergilla alnifolia. Linn. f. Suppl. 267. Lam. Dict. 2. 523; Ill. 3. 30, t. 480.
Ait. Hort. Kew. 2. 241. Willd. Arb. 113; Spec. 2. 1224; Enum. 573. Persoon,
9.81. Loisel. in Nouv. Duham. 4. 103, t.26. Sims, Bot. Mag. t. 1341, 1342.
Pursh, 335. Smith, Rees Cycl. 17. Nutt. Genera, 1. 304. Turpin, Dict. Sci. Nat.
17. 271, t. 199. Elliott, 1.547. Guimp. Otto & Hayne, t. 16. Spreng. Syst.
2.612. Lodd. Bot. Cab. t.1576. DC. Prodr. 4.270. Don, Mill. 38. 397. Spach,
Hist. Veg. 8. 84. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 597. Eat. & Wr. 246. Dietr. 3.271. Loud.
Arb. 2. 1008, f. 758, 759. Agardh, Theor. Syst. t.13,f.5,6. Curtis, Bot. N.
Car. 106. Chapman, 157. Gray, Manual, 173. Baillon, Adansonia, 10. 127; Hist.
Pl. 3. 395, £. 468-470,

2 Hamamelis monoica. Walter, 255. Gmel. Syst. 1. 282.

F. major. odd. Bot. Cab, t. 1520.

@ Trilopus cestivalis. Raf. New FI. 3. 16.

HAMAMELIS Virginiana. Linn. Spec. 124. Wangenh. Amer. 89, t. 29,
f.62. Marsh. Arbust. 58. Lam. Dict. 3. 68; Ill. 1. 350, t. 88. Ait. Hort. Kew.
1.167. Schkuhr, Handb. 1. 88, t. 27. Willd. Spee. 1.701; Enum. 171. Michx.
Fl. 1.100. Persoon, 1. 150. Pursh, 116. Bigel. Fl. Bost. 61. Nutt. Genera,
1.107. Nouv. Duham. 7, t. 60. Elliott, 1.219. Roem. & Schult. Syst. 3. 485.
Lodd. Bot. Cab. t. 598. James, Long’s Exp. 1. 54 & 3.149. Barton, Fl. N. Am.
3. 21,t. 78. Torrey, Fl. U. S. 192; Fl. N. Y. 1. 260. Guimp. Otto & Hayne, t. 75.
Spreng. Syst. 1.491. Raf. Med. Bot. 1. 227, f.45. DC. Prodr. 4. 268. Hook. FI.
Bor.-Am. 1.275; Comp. Bot. Mag. 1. 48. Don, Mill. 3. 396, f 69. Beck, Bot.
152. Darling. Fl. Cestr. 114. Spach, Hist. Veg. 8.79. Dietr. 1.550. Torr. &
Gray, Fl. 1.597. Hat. & Wr. 260. Loud. Arb. 2. 1007, f 756, 757. Emerson,
Trees of Mass. 416, & 2 ed. 2. 472, t. Engelm. Pl. Upp. Miss. 193. Agardh, Theor.
Syst. t.13,f.7. Schnitzl. Icon. t. 167, f. 18-25, 27-29. Curtis, Bot. N. Car.
105. Lesqx. Fl. Ark. 362. Chapman, 157. Gray, Manual, 173; Am. Journ. Sci.
2. 24. 438 & 3.5.144. Baill. ll. ec. 123, & 389, f. 462-464. Maont & Deene. 258, figs.

HL. divica-& androgyna? Walter, 255. Gmelin, Syst. Veg. 1. 281 & 282.

HI. corylifolia. Moench, Meth. 273.

H. macrophylla. Pursh, 116. Poir. Suppl. 5. 698. Elliott, 1. 220. Roem. &
Schult. Syst. 3.483. Raf. Med. Bot. 1. 230. Don, Mill. 3. 396. Eat. & Wr. 261.

Trilopus Virginiana, nigra, rotundifolia & dentata. Raf. New FI. 3. 15-17.
Var. parvifolia. Nutt. Genera, 1. 107. Torrey, Fl. U. S. 193. Don, Mill.
3. 396. Beck, Bot. 152. Torr. & Gray, FI. 1. 597.

H, parvifolia. Raf. Med. Bot. 1. 250. Trilopus parvifolia. Raf. New FI. 3. 17.

LIQUIDAMBAR Styraciflua. Linn. Spec. 999. Marsh. Arbust. 77. Walter,
237. Lam. Dict..3. 533; Ill. 3. 367, t. 783. Ait. Hort. Kew. 3. 365. Gaertn.
Fruct. 2,t.90. Moench, Meth. 340. Willd. Spec. 4. 475; Enum. 985. Michx. FI.
2.202. Persoon, 2. 573. Schkuhr, Handb. 3. 275, t. 307. Loisel. Nouv. Duham.
2. 42, t.10, & 7. 207, t.60. Michx. f. Arb. Am. 3. 194,t.4. Pursh, 635. Nutt.
Genera, 2. 219; Fl. Ark. 168. Nees, Pl. Offic. t. 95. Elliott, 2.621. Spreng. Syst.
3. 864. HBK. Nov. Gen. 7. 273. Audubon, Birds, t. 45. Torrey, Compend. 357;
Fl. N. Y. 2. 217. Beck, Bot. 826. Hook. Comp. Bot. Mag. 2.64. Eat. & Wr. 302.
Spach, Hist. Veg. 10. 84. Loud. Arb. 4. 2049, f. L961, & t. 353, 354. Broomfield,
Lond. Journ. Bot. 7. 144. —Schnitzl. Icon. t. 98. Seem. Bot. Herald, 346. Curtis,
ot. N. Car. 77. Lesqx. Fl. Ark. 362. Chapman, 157. A. DC. Prodr. 162. 157.
Oliver, Hook. f. Icon. 11.13. Gray, Manual, 174. Maout & Decaisne, 520, figs.
Baillon, Hist. Pl. 3. 397, f. 471-474. Ridgway, Am. Naturalist, 6. 664.

Lz styraciflua, var. Mexicana. Ocrsted, Am. Centr. 16, t. 11.

L. macrophylla. Oersted, Am. Centr. 16, t. 10, fide A. DC. 1. ¢.

306 HALORAGEZ. [Hippuris. Myriophyllum, —

HALORAGE.

HIPPURIS maritima. Hellenius, Diss. Hipp. in Usteri, Del. Opuse. 1. 11, t. 1.
See syn. in DC. Prodr. 3. 72; Ledeb. Fl. Ross. 2.120. [Hornem. Fl. Dan. 8. 3,
t.1261. Reichenb. Icon. Bot. t. 86, f.182. Retz, Obs. Bot. 3. 7, t. 1.]—Cham. in
Linnea, 4. 507, under H/. vulgaris. Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am. 1. 218. Hook. & Arn. Bot.
Beechey, 123. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1.531. Eat. & Wr. 271. Seem. Bot. Herald, 3o.
Rothr. Fl. Alask. 446. Made a variety of H. vulgaris by Wahlenberg, Fries, Koch,
& Hook. f.

H1. tetraphylla. Linn. f. Suppl. 81. Richard. Frankl. Journ. Appx. 2.

H. vulgaris, var. maritima. Wahlenb. Fl. Suec. 2. Lange, Pl. Groenl. 134.

H. montana. eee in Reichenb. Icon. Bot. 1. 71, t. 86, f. 81; FI. Ross.
2.120. DC. Prodr. 8.71. Cham. in Linnea, 4. 507. Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am. 1. 218:
Don, Mill. 2. 705. Dictr, 1.26. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1.5381. Eat. & Wr. 271. Maxey
mowicz, Prim. Fl. Amur. 107. Rothr. Fl. Alask. 446. Also referred to H. vulgaris
by Hook. f. Arct. Pl. 528.

Hz vulgaris. Linn. Spec. 4. See syn. in Willd. Spec. 1. 26; Ledeb. Fl. Ross.

2.119; Pritzel, Index Icon. Bot. 1. 555 & 2. 150. — Michx. Fl. 1.1. Barton, Bot.
pee 22,t.8. Pursh,3. Nutt. Genera, 1.3. Schrank, Pfl. Lab. 3. Roem. &
Schult. Syst. 1.41. Torrey, Fl. U. 8.2; FI. N. Y. 1. 244; Nicol. Rep. 150; Pae
R. Rep. 4. 88. Turpin, Dict. Sci. Nat. 89. 188, t. 220. Cham. in Linnza, 4. 506.
DC. Prod. 3. 71. Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am. 1. 217; Comp. Bot. Mag. 1. 46. Meyer, Pl
Lab. 73. Beck, Bot. 123. Schlecht. Fl. Lab. in Linnea, 10. 97. Bigel. FI. Bost.
8ed.3. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1.581. Eat. & Wr. 271. Gray, Pl. Fendl. 47; Struct:
30t. 419, f. 826-829; Proc. Acad. Philad. 1865, 61; Manual, 176. Parry, Pl.
Minn. 612. Engelm. Pl. Upp. Miss. 192. Hook. f. in Journ. Linn. Soe. 1. 121;
Arct. Pl. 291 & 328. Pl. Bourgeau, 256. Rothr. Fl. Alask. 446; Pl. Wheeler, 39.
Matthew, Fl. Acad. 20. Boland. Cat. 12. Watson, King’s Rep. 5.102. Coulter,
Hayd. Rep. 1872, 766. Porter, Pl. Col. 43. Brew. & Wats. Bot. Calif. 1. 215.

H. polyphylla. Raf. Fl. Lud. 13.

MYRIOPHYLLUM alterniflorum. DC. Fl. Franc. Suppl. 529; Prodr. 3. 68.
— Credited to Greenland by Lange, Pl. Groenl. 134, and Hook. f. in Arct. Pl. 291.
M. cigra eae Nutt. Genera, 2. 212. Torrey, Compend. 355; Fl. N. Y. 1. 243,
Spreng. Syst. 3. 8538. DC. Prodr. 3. 70. Don, Mill. 2. 704. Beck, Bot. 122. Torr.
& Gray, FI. 1. 530. eras. & Wr. 825. Walp. Rep. 2.98. Dietr. 5.302. Gray,
Manual, 175.

Var. capillaceum. Torr. & Gray, l.c. Torrey, 1. c. 248. Gray, Manual, 175.

"M. capillaceum. Torrey, Compend. 355. Beck, Bot. 122. Eat. & Wr. 324. |

Var. limosum. Torrey, Compend. 355; Fl. N. Y. 1. 243, t. 98. DC. Prodr.
3.70. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1.530. Gray, Manual, 175.

Burshia lumilis. Raf. in N. Y. Med. Rep. 2. 861; Desv. Journ. Bot. 1. 219.
Roem. & Schult. Syst. 5. 480.

Ptilophyllum humilis. Raf. Nov. Gen. 1811.

M. limosum. Nutt. Genera, 2. 212.

M. procumbens. Bigel. Fl. Bost. 2 ed. 8346. Hook. Fl. 1. 216. Beck, Bot. 123.
M. heterophyllum. Michx. Fl. 2. 191. Be 2. 563. Poir. Dict. 8. 686.
Pursh, 274. Elliott, 2. 588. Spreng. Syst. 3. 853. Torrey, Compend. 355; Fl
N. Y. 1. 242.; Mex. Bound. 66. DC. Prodr. 3.69. Don, Mill. 2. 708. Beck, Bot

-

/

Myriophyllum. Proserpinaca.] HALORAGE, Sol

122. Hook. Comp. Bot. Mag. 1. 46. Nutt. Fl. Ark. 141. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 529.
Eat. & Wr. 324. Gray, Pl. Lindh. 191; Pl. Wright. 1. 72 & 2.59; Manual, 175.
Dietr. 5. 802. Chapman, 143.

Potamogeton verticillatum. Walter, 90.

M. hippuroides. Nutt.; Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1.550. Walp. Rep. 2.98. Dietr.
6. 302. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 8. 383. Brew. & Wats. Bot. Calif. 1. 215.
M. scabratum. Cham. in Linnea, 4. 506.

M.laxum. Shuttleworth; Chapman, 143. Young, Fl. Texas, 272.

M. scabratum. Michx. Fl. 2.190. Persoon, 2. 565. Poir. Dict. 8. 686. Pursh,
274. Elliott, 2.588. Spreng. Syst. 8. 858. DC. Prodr. 3.69. Don, Mill. 2. 704.
Hook. I. c. 1.46. Nutt. Fl. Ark. 141. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1.529. Eat. & Wr.
825. Dietr. 5. 302. Chapman, 144. Gray, Manual, 175; Hall’s Pl. Texas, 9.
Potamogeton pinnatum. Walter, 90.

M. spicatum. Linn. Spec. 992. See syn. in Willd. Spec. 4. 406; Ledeb. Fl.
Ross. 2. 118; Pritzel, Ind. Ic. Bot. 1. 782 & 2. 190. — Michx. Fl. 2. 190. Poir. Dict.
8.684. Pursh, 274. Bigel. Fl. Bost. 8345. James, Long’s Exp. 2.142. Richard.
‘Frankl. Journ. 23. Spreng. Syst. 3. 853. Torrey, Compend. 354; Fl. N. Y. 1. 242;
Nicol. Rep. 150. DC. Prodr. 3.68. Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am. 1. 216. Don, Mill. 2. 703.
Beck, Bot. 122. Nutt. Fl. Ark. 141. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 529. Hat. & Wr. 324.
Engelm. Pl. Upp. Miss. 192. Hook. f. Arct. Pl. 291 & 828. Pl. Bourgeau, 256.
Gray, Manual, 175. Brew. & Wats. Bot. Calif. 1. 215.

M. tenellum. Bigel. Fl. Bost. 2 ed. 346. Torrey, Compend. 355; Fl. N. Y. 1. 2438.
DC. Prodr. 3.68. Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am. 1. 216. Don, Mill. 2. 704. Beck, Bot. 122.
Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 530. Eat. & Wr. 325. Dietr. 5. 302. Gray, Manual, 175.

M. verticillatum. Linn. Spec. 992. See syn. in Willd. Spee. 4. 407; Ledeb. FI.
Ross. 2. 118; Pritzel, Index Icon. Bot. 1. 752.— Michx. Fl. 2.190. Poir. Dict.
8.685. Pursh, 274. Nutt. Genera, 2.211. Elliott, 2.588. Spreng. Syst. 3. 853.
Torrey, Compend. 355; Ann. Lyc. N. Y. 2. 252; Fl. N. Y. 1. 242 ; Bot. Wilkes, 300.
DC. Prodr. 3. 68. Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am. 1. 216. Don, Mill. 2. 703. Beck, Bot. 122.
Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 529. Eat. & Wr. 324. Parry, Pl. Minn. 612. Chapman, 143.
Pl. Bourgeau, 256. Gray, Manual, 175. Watson, King’s Rep. 5. 102. Coulter,
Hayd. Rep. 1872, 766.

PROSERPINACA palustris. Linn. Spec. 88. Hill, Veg. Syst. 25, t. GO, f. 1.
Walter, 84. Lam. Ill. 1. 214,t.50,f.2. Willd. Spec. 1. 488. Michx. Fl. 1. 76,
excl. var. Jussieu, Ann. Mus. 3. 320, t. 30, I (Koenig & Sims, Ann. Bot. 1. 535,
t.12,I). Persoon, 1.111. Poir. Dict. 8.118. Bigel. Fl. Bost. 48. Elliott, 1. 181.
Roem. & Schult. Syst. 22.873. Torrey, Fl. U. S. 161; Fl. N. Y. 1. 241; Mex.
Bound. 66. Spreng. Syst. 1.416. DC. Prodr. 3.67. Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am. 1. 215;
Comp. Bot. Mag. 1.26. Don, Mill. 2.702. Nutt. Fl. Ark. 141. Beck, Bot. 121.
Dietr. 1.416. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 528. Eat. & Wr. 376. Gray, Pl. Wright. 1. 72
& 2. 59; Manual, 175; Hall’s Pl. Texas, 9. Chapman, 143.’

Trixis palustris. Gaertn. Fruct. 1. 115, t. 24, f. 8.
P. pectinata. Lam. Ill. 1. 214,t.50,f.1. Pursh, 92. Elliott, 1.182. Roem. &

| Schult: Syst. 22 874 Torrey, Fl. U. S. 162; Fl. N. Y. 1. 241. Spreng. Syst. 1. 416

DC. Prodr. 3.67. Don Mill. 2. 703. Beck, Bot. 121. Hook. Comp. Bot. Mag.
1.46. Dietr. 1.416. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1.528. Eat. & Wr. 376. Bigel. Fl. Bost.
Sed. 50. Gray, Pl. Lindh. 191; Manual, 175. Chapman, 143.

P. palustris, var. B. Michx. Fl. 1. 76. Poir. Dict. 8. 118.

Myriophyllum fulvescens. Bertoloni, Bot. Mise. 16, 23, t. 1 (Bot. Zeit. 14. 785) ;
| fide Gray, Am. Journ. Sci. 2. 24. 287.

308 RHIZOPHORACEZ. [Rhizophora. Eugenia.

RHIZOPHORACEA.

RHIZOPHORA Mangle. Linn. Spec. 445. See syn. in Willd. Spec. 2. 844;
Griseb. Fl. Brit. W. Ind. 274; Pritzel, Ind. Icon. Bot. 1. 983. — DC. Prodr. 3. 32.
Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1.484. Benth. Bot. Sulph. 14. Chapman, 135. Vasey, Cat.
Forest Trees, 15.

R. Americana. Nutt. Sylva, 1. 95, t. 24 Cooper, Smithson. Rep. 1858, 264.

COMBRETACE A.

CONOCARPUS erectus. Linn. Spec. 176. See syn. in Willd. Spec. 1. 994;
Eichler, Mart. Fl. Bras. 142. 101; Pritzel, Ind. Icon. Bot. 1. 294.— DC. Prodr. 3. 16.
Torr. & Gray, FJ. 1.485. Nutt. Sylva, 1. 113, t. 33. Griseb. Fl. Brit. W. Ind. 277.
Eichler, l. c. t. 35, f. 11. Vasey, Cat. Forest Trees, 15.

Var. sericeus. Forst.; DC. Prodr. 3.16. Nutt. 1. c. 116. Chapman, 136.
LAGUNCULARIA racemosa. Gaertn. Fruct. 3. 209, t. 217. See syn. in
Willd. Spee. 1. 995 (under Conocarpus, Linn.) ; DC. Prodr. 3.17; Eichler, 1. c. 102,
t. 35, f. III. — Nutt. Sylva, 1. 117, t. 34. Benth. Bot. Sulph. 14. Chapman, 186.
Vasey, Cat. Forest Trees, 15.

L. glabrifolia. Presl, Rel. Haenk. 2. 22. Chapman, 156.
TERMINALIA Carappa, Linn. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 485. Nutt. Sylva. 1. 110,
t. 32. Chapman, 187.

MYRTACEZ.

CALYPTRANTHES Chytraculia. Swartz, Prodr.79. See syn. in DC. Prodr.
3.257; Berg, Linnea, 27.26; Griseb. Fl. Brit. W. Ind. 252. — Nutt. Sylva, 1. 101,
t. 26. Chapman, 131. (Key West; introduced ?)
EUGENIA buxifolia. Willd. Spec. 960. See syn. in DC. Prodr. 3. 275; Griseb.
Fl. Brit. W. Ind. 236.— Nutt. Sylva, 1. 108, t.27. Chapman, 131. Vasey, Cat.
Forest Trees, 15.

E. triplinervia. Berg, Linnea, 27. 190, in part.

4 99R

E. Cabanisiana. Berg, Linnea, 27. 235.
EB. dichotoma. DC. Prodr. 3. 278. See syn. in Nutt. Sylva, 1. 103; Griseb. Fl.
Brit. W. Ind., under Anamomis punctata. — Nutt. 1. c. t. 27. Berg, Linnea, 27. 261.
Chapman, 131. Vasey, l. c. 15.
E. dicrana. Berg, es 27. 259.
E. longipes. Berg, Linnea, 27. 150.
E. monticola. DC. Prodr. 3.275. See syn. in Griseb. 1. c. 236. — Chapman, 131.
Vasey, l.c. 15.

E. triplinervia & axillaris. Berg, Linnea, 27, 190 & 201, in part.
E. procera. Poir. Suppl. 2.129. DC. Prodr. 3.268. See Griseb. 1. c. 238.—
Nutt. Sylva, 1. 106, t. 28. Berg, Linnea, 27.207. Chapman, 131. Vasey, l. ¢, 15.

Psidium. -Rhexia.| MELASTOMACEX. 309

PSIDIUM buxifolium. Nutt. Sylva, 1. 98, t.25. Berg, Linnea, 27. 371.

P. Guayava, Raddi. See Berg, 1. c. 366; Mart. Fl. Bras. 141. 395.
P. pyriforme, Linn. Vasey, Cat. Forest Trees, 15.

MELASTOMACE A.

RHEXTA ciliosa. Michx. Fl. 1. 221. Poir. Dict. 6.4. Persoon, 1. 406. Pursh,
258, t.10. Nutt. Genera, 1. 243. Elliott, 1.459. Torrey, Fl. U.S. 386. Spreng.
Syst. 2. 310. DC. Prodr. 3.122. Sweet, Brit. Fl. Gard. t. 298. Don, Mill. 2. 746.
Beck, Bot. 127. Hook. Comp. Bot. Mag. 1.46. Spach, Hist. Veg. 4.227. Torr.
& Gray, Fl. 1.478. Eat. & Wr. 391. Dietr. 2.1272. Naudin, Melast. Monogr. in
Ann. Sci. Nat. 3. 15. 65. Chapman, 182. Gray, Manual, 182.

2 R. petiolata. Walter, 150. Persoon, 1. 409.

R. glabella. Michx. Fl. 1.222. Persoon, 1. 406. Nutt. Genera, 1. 244. Elliott,
1.458. Humb. & Bonpl. Monogr. Melast. 2, t. 44. Spreng. Syst. 2.310. DC.
Prodr. 3. 122. Don, Mill. 2.746. Hook. Comp. Bot. Mag. 1. 46. Spach, Hist.
Veg. 4.227. Torr. & Gray, FI. 1.478. Eat. & Wr. 391. Dietr. 2. 1272. Naudin,
l. ce. 65. Chapman, 132. Wood, Cl.-Book, 347; Bot. & FI. 122.

R. Alifanus, var. B. Poir. Dict. 6. 38

Var. @. - Torr. & Gray, FI. 1. 478.
R. Alifanus. Walter, 130. Poir. Dict. 6. 3. Persoon, 1. 406.

R. lanceolata. Walter, 129. Lam. Ill. 2. 424, t. 283,f.3. Torr. & Gray, Fi.
1. 477. Naudin, 1. ce. 66. Wood, Cl.-Book, 347.

R. Mariana, var. exalbida. Michx. Fl. 1. 222. Poir. Dict. 6.2. Chapman, 182.

R. trichotoma, var. exalbida. Persoon, 1. 406.

R. angustifolia. Nutt. Genera, 1. 244. Elliott, 1.488. Spreng. Syst. 2. 310.
DC. Prodr. 3. 122, Don, Mill. 2. 747. Hook. Comp. Bot. Mag. 1. 46. Spc, Hist.
Veg. 4. 226. Kat. & Wr. 391. Dietr. 2. 1272.

R. lutea. Walter, 130. Michx. Fl. 1.222. Poir. Dict. 6. 3. Persoon, 1. 406.
Pursh, 258, t. 10. Nutt. Genera, 1. 244. Elliott, 1.440. Spreng. Syst. 2. 311.
DC. Prodr. 3. 122. — Don, Mill. 2. 747. Hook. Comp. Bot. Mag. 1. 46. Spach,
Hist. Veg. 4. 228. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1.478. Eat. & Wr. 391. Dietr. 2. 1272.
Naudin, |. c. 65. Chapman, 133. Wood, Cl.-Book, 348; Bot. & Fl. 123

R. Mariana. Linn. Spec. 346. Hill, Veg. Syst. 10. 51, t. 51, £2. Walter, 130.
Ait. Hort. Kew. 2.2. Lam. Ill. 2. 424, t. 283, £.1. Gaertn. Fruct. t.112. Willd.
Spec. 2.301. Michx. Fl. 1. 222, excl. var. y. oir. Dict. 6.1. Persoon, 1. 406.
Pursh, 257. Lodd. Bot. Cab. t. 366. Humb. & Bonpl. Monogr. Melast. 1, t. 47.
Elliott, 1.437. Barton, Fl. N. Am. 1. 97, t. 27. Sweet, Brit. Fl. Gard. t. 41.
Torrey, Fl. U. S. 386. Spreng. Syst. 2.310. DC. Prodr. 3. 121. Don, Mill.
2.746, f.109. Beck, Bot. 127. .Spach, Hist. Veg. 4.226. Hook. Comp. Bot.
Mag. 1. 46. Maund, Botanist, 1, t. 28. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1.477. Eat. & Wr. 391.
Naudin, 1. c. 64. Chapman, 132. Gray, Manual, 181; Hall’s Pl. Texas, 9.

4 R. Ludoviciana. Raf. FI, Lud. 92.

R. serrulata. Nutt. Genera, 1. 243. DC. Prodr. 3. 122. Don, Mill. 2. 746. Torr.
& Gray, Fl. 1.478. Eat. & Wr. 391. Dietr. 2.1272. Naudin, 1. c. 66. Chapman,
153. Wood, Cl.-Book, 348; Bot. & Fl. 122.

R. stricta. Pursh, 258. Elliott, 1.439. Spreng. Syst. 2.310. DC. Prodr. 3. 122:
Don, Mill. 2.746. Torr. & Gray, Fl.1.477. Eat. & Wr. 391. Dietr. 2. 1272.
Naudin, 1. c. 66. Chapman, 132. Wood, Cl.-Book, 347; Bot. & Fl. 122.

360 - MELASTOMACES. [Rhexia. Ammannia.

Sabbatia simplex. Bertoloni, Bot. Mise. 10. 27, t. 3 (Bot. Zeit. 9. 919.); fide —
Gray, Am. Journ. Sci. 2. 14. 115.
R. Virginica. Linn. Spec. 346. Hill, Veg. Syst. 10. 51, t. 51,f.1. Lam. IL.
2. 424, t. 283, f. 2. Willd. Spec. 2.301. Michx. Fl. 1.222. Poir. Dict. 68
B.S. Barton, Bot. Appx. 26, t. 16. Persoon, 1.406. Sims, Bot. Mag. t. 968. Ait.
f. Hort. Kew. 2. 340. Pursh, 258. Bigel. Fl. Bost. 148. Elliott, 1. 489. Barton,
Fl. N. Am. 1. 13, t. 4. James, Long’s Exp. 3. 33. Lodd. Bot. Cab. t. 840. Tor-
rey, Fl. U. S. 885; Amn. Lye. N. Y. 2. 199; Fl. N. Y. 1. 227. Spreng. Syst. 2. 310:
" Maund, Bot. Gard. 3, t.129. DC..Prodr. 3.121. Don, Mill. 2. 746. Beck, Bot.
127. Spach, Hist. Veg. 4.227. Hook. Comp. Bot. Mag. 1.46. Reichenb. Fl.
Exot. t. 234. Darling. Fl. Cestr. 242. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1.477. Eat. & Wr. 390.
Dietr. 2. 1272. Naudin,1.c. 64. Chapman, 132. Gray, Manual, 181. Wright,
Am. Naturalist, 7. 692. Macoun & Gibson, Trans. Bot. Soc. Edinb. 12. 527.

R. septemnervia. Walter, 130.

LYTHRACEZ.

AMMANNIA dentifera. Gray, Pl. Wright. 2. 55.

A. humilis. Michx. Fl. 1.99. Persoon, 1. 147. Pursh, 107. Roem. & Schult.
Syst. 3. 302. Elliott, 1.218. Bigel. Fl. Bost. 2 ore 53. Torrey, Fl. U. 8. 189; Fl.
N. Y. 1. 228. Spreng. Syst. 1.443. DC. Prodr. 3.79. Don, Mill. 2.709. Beck, Bot.
125. St. Hilaire, Ann. Sci. Nat. 2. 1. 8. Sng Comp. Bot. Mag. 1. 46. Torr. &
Gray, Fl. 1. 480. Dietr. 1.506. Eat. & Wr. 122. Seem. Bot. Herald, 284. Chap-
man, 134. Griseb. Fl. Brit. W. Ind. 270. Gray, Manual, 182; Hall’s Pl. Texas, 9.

A. ramosior. inn. Spec. 120. Walter, 88. Ait. Hort. Kew. 1. 163. Fisch. &
Meyer, Ind. Sem. Petrop. 7. 41 (Litt.-Ber. zu Linnea, 1841, 104).

A. ramosa. Hill, Veg. Syst. 11. 14, t. 14, f. 2.

Boykinia humilis. Raf. Rev. 1817; Aut. Bot. 9

A. occidentalis.” DC. Prodr. 3. 78, & syn. Chapman, 134 (var. pygmea).

Var. B. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 480.
A. purpurea. Lam. Dict. 1. 151; Til. 1. 311.
A. ramosior. Michx. Fl. 1. 99. Persoon, 1. 146. Roem. & Schult. Syst. 3. 302,
in part. Elliott, 1.218. Spreng. 1.c. DC. Prodr. 3.78. Don, 1. c.

A. latifolia. Linn. Spec. 119. See syn. in Willd. Spec. 1. 678; DC. Prodr. 3. 79;
Seem. Bot. Herald, 284; Griseb. Fl. Brit. W. Ind. 270.— Don, Mill. 2. 709. St.
Hilaire, l. c. 6. Hook. Comp. Bot. Mag. 1.46. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 480. Gray,
Pl. Fendl. 42; Pl. Lindh. 188; Pac. R. Rep. 12. 43; Manual, 182. Parry, Pl. Minn.
612. Torrey, Pac. R. Rep. 4.86 & 5. 361; Mex. Bound. 65; Bot. Wilkes, 295,
A. H. Smith, Proc. Acad. Philad. 1867, 19. _ Watson, King’s Rep. 5. 103. Brew.
& Wats. Bot. Calif. 1. 214.

A. ramosior. Linn. Mant. 2. 832, not Spec. Willd. Spec. 1. 678. Pursh, 107,
Roem. & Schult. Syst. 3. 302,in part. Torrey, Fl. U. S. 189; Ann. Lye. N.Y
2.199. Beck, Bot. 125. Eat. & Wr. 122. Dietr. 1. 506.

A, humilis. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 480, as to hab. Oregon.

A, stylosa. Fisch. & Meyer, Ind. Sem. Petrop. 7. 41 (Litt. -Ber. zu Linnza, 1841,
104; Ann. Sci. Nat. 2. 16. 48). Walp. Rep. 2. 102.

A. Texana. Scheele, Linnea, 21. 588. Walp. Ann. 2. 588. \

A. lingulata. Grisebach, Cat. Pl. Cub. 106.

“A. Wrightii. Gray, Pl. Wright. 2.55. Torrey, Mex. Bound. 65.

Cuphea. Lythrum.] LYTHRACEZ. 561

CUPHZA aspera. Chapman, 135.
C. viscosissima. Jacquin, Hort. Vindob. 2. 83,t. 177. Roth, Beytr. 1. 124.
Ait. Hort. Kew. 1.129. Lam. Ill. 2. 525, t. 407. Gaertn. Fruct. t. 44. Moench,
Meth. 664. Willd. Spec. 2. 870; Enum. 498. Michx. Fl. 1. 281. Poir. Dict. 6. 462.
Pursh, 835. Nutt. Genera, 1. 3804. Elliott, 1.546. Barton, Fl. N. Am. 1. 63, t. 18.
Sweet, Brit. Fl. Gard.t.60. Torrey, Fl. U. 8.472; Fl. N. Y. 1.230. Spreng.
Syst. 2.456. DC. Prodr. 3. 85. Don, Mill. 2.714. Beck, Bot. 126. Spach Hiist.
Veg. 4.425. Darling. Fl. Cestr. 284. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 483. Eat. & Wr. 215.
Dietr. 5.12. Griseb. Fl. Brit. W. Ind. 269. Chapman, 135. Gray, Manual, 184.
Koehn, Ind. Sem. h. Berol. 1875, Appx. 2. 1.

Lythrum petiolatum. Linn. Spec. 446. Hill, Veg. Syst. 16, t. 18, f. 2. Poir.
Dict. 6. 455. Persoon, 2. 8.

Lythrum Cuphea. Linn. f. Suppl. 249.

Balsamona Pinto. Vandelli, Fasc. 15, t. 3. Roemer, Script. 110, t. 4.

% Silene axillaris, Leavenworth, Am. Journ. Sci. 1. 7.62. Torr. & Gray, FI.
1. 194 & 676. Eat. & Wr. 428. Walp. Rep. 1. 279.
C. Wrightii. Gray, Pl. Wright. 2. 56. Walp. Ann. 4. 689. Torrey, Mex.
Bound. 65.
DIDIPLIS linearis. Raf. in Atlant. Journ. 1833; New Flora, 4.9. Benth. &
Hook. Gen. Pl. 1. 777.

Callitriche autumnalis ? Michx. F1. 1. 2.

Peplis (?) diandra. Nutt. in DC. Prodr. 8.77. Don, Mill. 2. 708.

Hypobrichia Nuttallii. M. A. Curtis in Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 479. Chapman, 133.
Wood, Cl.-Book, 350. Young, Fl. Texas, 262.

Ammannia Nuttallii. Gray, Manual, 4 ed. Add. xcii.

Didiplis diandra. Wood, Bot. & Fl. 124.
LYTHRUM alatum. Pursh, 334. Sims, Bot. Mag. t. 1812. Poir. Suppl. 5. 21.
Nutt. Genera, 1. 303. Elliott, 1. 545. Beck, Am. Journ. Sci. 10.112. Spreng.
Syst. 2. 454. DC. Prodr. 3.81. Hook. Fl. 1.219; Comp. Bot. Mag. 1. 46. Don,
Mill. 2.711. Spach, Hist. Veg. 4.420. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1.481; Pac. R. Rep.
2.126. Dietr. 3.10. Gray, Pl. Fendl. 43; Pl. Lindh. 188; Manual, 183; Hall’s Pl.
Texas, 9. Torrey, Emory’s Rep. 140; Mex. Bound. 65. Parry, Pl. Minn. 612.
Engelm. Pl. Upp. Miss. 191. Chapman, 134. Porter, Fl. Col. 46. Macoun & Gib-
son, Trans. Bot. Soc. Edinb. 12. 328. Brew. & Wats. Bot. Calif. 1. 214.

Pythagorea alata. Raf. Journ. Phys. 1819, 96.

L. Virginicum. Kenn. Hort.

L. Kennedyanum. HBK. Nov. Gen. 6. 194; fide DC.

Var. lanceolatum. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1.481. Gray, Pl. Lindh. 188. Watson,
Pl. Wheeler, 9.
¢ L. virgatum. Walter, 120. Poir. Dict. 6. 452, in part. Pursh, 33
L. lanceolatum. Ell. 1. 544. DC. Prodr. 3. 82. Don, Mill. 2. 711. Spach, Hist.
Veg. 4. 420. Dietr. 3. 10.
L. ?n. sp. Nutt.; Torrey, Ann. Lyc. N. Y. 2. 199.
L. hyssopifolium. Curtis, Journ. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist. 1. 121.
L. alatum, var. y. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 482. Gray, Pl. Lindh. 188.
Var. linearifolium. Gray, Pl. Lindh. 188; Pl. Wright. 1. 69. Walp. Ann. 2. 539.
Dur. & Hilg. in Pac. R. Rep. 5.7. Brew. & Wats. Bot. Calif. 1. 214.
L. lineare. Wook. & Arn. Bot. Beechey, 343.
L. Californicum. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1.482. Walp. Rep. 2.104. Dietr. 3. 10.
Benth. Pl. Hartw. 310. Boland. Cat. 12.

Var. pumilum. Gray, Pl. Lindh. 187; Pl. Wright. 1. 69. Walp. Ann. 2

oo
we)

562 : LYTHRACEZ. [Lythrum. Boisduvalia.

Co

Var. ovalifolium. Gray, Pl. Lindh. 187. Walp. Ann. 2. 539.
@ L. flagellare. Shuttleworth, in herb.

L. breviflorum. Watson, Proc. Am. Acad. 12. 251.

L. alatum, var. breviflorum. Gray, Pl. Lindh. 187. Walp. Ann. 2. 539.
L. Hyssopifolia. Linn. Spec. 447. See syn. in DC. Prodr. 3. 81, &e.; Pritzel,
Ind. Icon. Bot. 1. 671. — Nutt. Genera, 1. 503. Bigel. Fl. Bost. 2 ed. 188. Torrey,
Fl. U.S. 472; FIN. Y. 1. 229. Beck, Bot. 126. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1.481. Gray,
Manual, 183. Perhaps only introduced.
L. lineare. Linn. Spec. 447. Hill, Veg. Syst. 16, t.18, £3. Willd. Spee. 2. 868,
Michx. Fl. 1. 280. Poir. Dict. 6. 453. Persoon, 2. 8. Pursh, 334. Nutt. Genera
1. 303. Elliott, 1. 545. Spreng. Syst. 2. 454. DC. Prodr. 3. 81. Don, Mill. 2. 711.
Curtis, Bot. N. Car. 1.121. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 482. Dietr. 3.10. Chapman,
134. Gray, Manual, 183. .

Pythagorea linearis. Raf. Journ. Phys. 1819, 96.
L. Savicaria, Linn. Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am. 1. 219. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1.482. Hook.
f. Arct. Pl. 291. Gray, Manual, 183.

L. Salicaria, var. pubescens. Pursh, 334. ‘Torrey, Fl. U. S. 471. DC. Prodr.
3. 83. Don, Mill. 2. 712. Beck, Bot. 126.

L. diffusum. Sweet, Hort. Brit. 150; Brit. Fl. Gard. t. 149. Maund, Bot. Gard.
10, t. 470. Spach, Hist. Veg. 4. 421.

L. Purshianum. Steudel, Nomencl. 2. 86.

NESAjA longipes. Gray, Pl. Wright. 1.68 & 2. 56. Walp. Ann. 4. 688. Tor-
rey, Mex. Bound. 65.
N. salicifolia. HBK. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 6. 192. Reichenb. Hort. Bot. 2. 26, t. 166.
Gray, Pl. Wright. 1. 69. Torrey, Mex. Bound. 65.

Heimia salicifolia. Link, Enum. 2.3. Link & Otto, Icon. Pl. 63, t. 28. DC.
Prodr. 3. 89. Sweet, Brit. Fl. Gard. t. 281. Hook.*Icon. t. 554, B, C. Benth.
Pl. Hartw, 288. Seem. Bot. Herald, 284. Griseb. Fl. Brit. W. Ind. 271.

N. verticillata. HBK.1.c.191. Spreng. Syst. 2. 455. Curtis, Bot. N. Car. 109.
Chapman, 134. Gray, Manual, 183. Wright, Am. Naturalist, 7. 757.

Lythrum verticillatum. Linn. Spec. 446. Hill, Veg. Syst. 16, t.18,f.1. Willd.
Spee. 2. 866. Michx. Fl. 1.281. Poir. Dict. 6. 453. Persoon, 2. 8. Ait. f. Hort.
Kew. 3. 150. Pursh, 334. Bigel. Fl. Bost. 188. Nutt. Genera, 1. 803. Torrey, Fl.
U. S. 471. Bertoloni, Bot. Misc. 3. 18, t. 4.

Anonymos aquaticum. Walter, 137.

Decodon aquaticus. Gmelin, Syst. Veg. 677.

Decodon verticillatum. Elliott, 1. 544. DC. Prodr. 3.98. Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am.
1.219. Don, Mill. 2.721. Beck, Bot. 126. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 483. Dietr.
3.15. Torrey, Fl. N. Y. 1. 229, t. 28. Gray, Manual, 1 ed. 133.

ONAGRACE.

BOISDUV ALIA densiflora. Watson, Bot. Calif. 1. 255.

(Enothera densiflora. Lindl. Bot. Reg. 19, t.1593 (Litt.-Ber. zu Linnza, 1835,
15). Maund, Bot. Gard. 12, t. 540. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 505. Hook. in Lond.
Journ. Bot. 6. 224. Torrey, Pac. R. Rep. 4. 86; Bot. Wilkes, 297. Newberry, Pac.
R. Rep. 6.74. Boland. Cat. 12. Anderson, Cat. Pl. Nev, 120. Gray, Proc. Am.
Acad. 8. 884, excl. vars. Watson, Rey. Gnoth. in Proc. Am. Acad. 8. 600.

‘

p
4

>

Boisduvallia. Clarkia.| ONAGRACE. ; 863

B. Douglasii. Spach, Monogr. Onagr. 80, t. 31, f. 2; Hist. Veg. 4. 3885, t. 85, f. 2.
Walp. Rep. 2. 89.

B. glabella. Walp. Rep. 2.89. Brew. & Wats. Bot. Calif. 1. 233.

(Enothera glabella. Nutt.; Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 505. Watson, King’s Rep. 5. 108;
Rey. Génoth. 601. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 8. 384.

B. Torreyi. Watson, Bot. Calif. 233.

Gayophytum strictum. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 7. 340. Boland. Cat. 12.

Cnothera densiflora, var. tenella. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 8. 384.

CIRCAjA alpina. Linn. Spec. 9. See syn. in Willd. Spec. 1.53; Roem. &
Schult. Syst. 1.271; Ledeb. Fl. Ross. 2. 114; Pritzel, Ind. Icon. Bot. 1. 270 & 2. 80.
— Michx. Fl.1.17. Pursh, 21. Nutt. Genera, 1.18. LElliott,1.7. Torrey, FI.
U.S. 30; Fl. N. Y. 1. 240. Bigel. Fl. Bost. 2 ed. 11. DC. Prodr. 8. 68. Hook. FI.
Bor.-Am. 1. 215. Don, Mill. 2.699. Beck, Bot. 121. Presl, Rel. Haenk. 2. 37.
Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 527, excl. hab. Oregon. Eat. & Wr. 198. Chapman, 143.
Hook. f. Arct. Pl. 291. Rothr. Fl. Alask. 446. Gray, Manual, 176. Ascherson &
Magnus, Bot. Zeit. 28. 748. ;

C. Lutetiana. Linn. Spec. 8. See syn. in Willd. Spec. 1. 53; Ledeb. Fl. Ross.
2.113; Pritzel, 1. c. 270. — Persoon, 1.10. Bigel. Fl. Bost. 11. Torr. & Gray, FI.
1. 527. Eat. & Wr. 198. Torrey, Fl. N. Y. 1. 239; Nicol. Rep. 150. Engelm. Pl.
Upp. Miss. 192% Gray, Pac. R. Rep. 12. 432; Manual, 176. Chapman, 143.
Aschers. & Mag. 1. c. 777.

C. Lutetiana, var. Canadensis. Linn.1.c. Willd. 1c. Michx. Fl. 1.17. Vahl,
Enum. 1.301. Pursh, 21. Elliott, 1.7. Torrey, Fl. U. S. 29. DC. Prodr. 8. 63.
Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am. 1. 215. Don, Mill. 2. 699. Beck, Bot. 120.

C. Canadensis. Hill, Veg. Syst. 10,t. 21, f 2. Muhl. Cat.2. Beck, Am,
Journ. Sci. 10. 261.

C. Pacifica. Aschers. & Mag. in Bot. Zeit. 29.392. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad.
8.384. Brew. & Wats. Bot. Calif. 1. 234.

C. alpina. Hook. in Lond. Journ. Bot. 6. 225. Cooper, Pac. R. Rep. 12. 61. Pl.
Bourgeau, 256. Anderson, Cat. Pl. Nev. 120. Porter, Fl. Col. 44.

C. Lutetiana. Boland. Cat. 12. Torrey, Bot. Wilkes, 300.

C. alpina, var. intermedia. Watson, King’s Rep. 5. 113.

CLARKIA elegans. Lindl. Bot. Reg. 19, t. 1575 (Litt.-Ber. zu Linnea, 1835,
12), and 23, under t. 1981. Don, in Sweet, Brit. Fl. Gard. 2 ser. t. 209. Hook. &
Arn. Bot. Beechey, 340. Hook. Bot. Mag. t. 3592. Torr. & Gray, FI. 1. 515.
Walp. Rep. 2.89. Dietr. 2. 1298. Benth. Pl. Hartw. 310. Torrey, Pac. R. Rep.
4.87. Dur. & Hilgard, same, 5.8. Newberry, same, 6.74. Gray, Proc. Bost.
Soc. Nat. Hist. 7. 146. Wood, Cl.-Book, 354; Bot. & Fl. 127. Brew. & Wats. Bot.
Calif. 1. 232.

Phceostoma Douglasii. Spach, Monogr. Onogr. 74; Hist. Veg. 4. 393.

C. unguiculata. Lindl. Bot. Reg. 25, under t. 1981. Torr. & Gray, FI. 1. 516.
Walp. Rep. 2. 89. Dietr. 2. 1298.

Pheostoma elegans & unguiculata. Lilja, Linnea, 15. 261.

% Gauropsis lancifolia. Presl, Epimel. Bot. 219.

C. pulchella. Pursh, 260,t.11. Poir. Suppl. 5. 621; Lam. Il. 3. 602, t. 942.
Nutt. Genera, 1. 249. Lindl. Bot. Reg. 13, t. 1100, and 25, under t. 1981. DC.
Prodr. 3. 52. Maund, Bot. Gard. 5, t. 199. Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am. 1. 214; Bot. Mag.
t. 2918; Lond. Journ. Bot. 6. 225. Reichenb. Hort. Bot. 3. 5, t. 211. Nees, Gart.
Bonn. t.69. Don, Mill. 2.691. Sweet, Brit. Fl. Gard. 2 ser.t.157. Spach,
Hist. Veg. 4. 395. Hook. & Arn. Bot. Beechey, 340. Torr. & Gray, FI. 1. 515.

364 . ONAGRACEZ. [Clarkia. Epilobium.

Eat. & Wr. 198. Lilja, Linnea, 15. 260. Walp. Rep. 2. 89. Dietr. 2.1298. Le
maire, Ill. Hort. 5, t.159. Wood, Cl.-Book, 354; Bot. & Fl. 126. Torrey, Bot.
Wilkes, 299. Brew. & Wats. Bot. Calif. 1. 231.

C. rhomboidea. Dougl.; Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am. 1.214; Lond. Journ. Bot. 6. 225.
Don, Mill. 2. 691. Lindl. Bot. Reg. 23, t. 1981. Hook. & Arn. Bot. Beechey, 340.
Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 516. Walp. Rep. 2. 89. Dietr. 2. 1298. Durand, Pl. Pratten,
88. Wood, Bot. & Fl 127. Watson, King’s Rep. 6. 104. Coulter, Hayd. Rep.
1872, 767. Torrey, Bot. Wilkes, 299. Brew. & Wats. Bot. Calif. 232.

C. gauroides. Don in Sweet, Brit. Fl. Gard. 2 ser. t. 379.

Opsianthes gauroides. Lilja, Linnea, 15. 261.
C. Xantiana. Gray, Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist. 7.145. Brew. & Wats. 1. ce.

EPILOBIUM affine. Bongard, Veg. Sitch. 135 (Presl, Repert. Bot. 1. 314).
Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1.489. Dietr. 2.1291. Walp. Rep. 2.91. lLedeb. Fl. Ross.
2.110. Rothr. Fl. Alask. 446.

E. alpinum. Linn. Spec. 348. See syn. in Willd. Spec. 2. 818; Seringe, DC.
Prodr. 5. 41; Ledebour, Fl. Ross. 2. 111; Babington, Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist.
2. 17.311; Pritzel, Ind. Icon. Bot. 1. 402.— Pursh, 260. Spreng. Syst. 2. 233.
Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am. 1. 205. Meyer, Pl. Lab. 72. Don, Mill. 2. 680. Beck, Bot.
117. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1.488. Eat. & Wr. 233. Torrey, Fl. N. Y. 1. 232. Tuck-
erman, Am. Journ. Sci. 2. 6.22. Grisebach, Bot. Zeit. 10. 853. Lange, Pl. Groenl.
133- Hook. f. in Journ. Linn. Soc. 1. 121; Arct. Pl. 291 & 327. Pl. Bourgeau, 256.
Gray, Am. Journ. Sci. 2. 33. 405; Proce. Acad. Philad. 1863, 61 ; Manual, 177 ; Proc.
Am. Acad. 8. 384. Rothr. Fl. Alask. 446. Watson, King’s Rep. 5. 105. Porter,
Fl. Col. 42. Barbey in Brew. & Wats. Bot. Calif. 1. 219.

Var. nutans. Lehm. in Hook. FI. Bor.-Am. 1. 205, excl. syn.% Torr. & Gray,
Fl. 1. 488. Wood, Cl.-Book, 351.
E. Hornemanni. Bongard, Veg. Sitch. 1386; not Reichenb. Icon. Crit. 2. 73,
t.180. Ledeb. Fl. Ross. 2. 112.

E. anagallidifolium. Lam. Dict. 2. 376; Ill. 2. 421, t. 278, f. 3. Babington, 1. ¢.
312. — Credited to Greenland by Grisebach, Bot. Zeit. 10. 853.

EB. brevistylum. Barbey in Brew. & Wats. Bot. Calif. 1. 220.

EB. coloratum. Muhl.; Willd. Enum. 1.411. Spreng. Mant. Fl. Hal. 39; Syst.
2.233. Poir. Suppl. 2.57. Pursh, 260. Bigel. Fl. Bost. 147. Nutt. Genera,
1. 250. Link, Enum. 1. 379. Torrey, Fl. U. 8. 392; Fl. N. Y. 1. 282; Nicol. Rep,
150; Frem. Rep. 89; Sitgr. Rep. 159; Pac. R. Rep. 4. 86; Mex. Bound. 65; Bot.
Wilkes, 296. Seringe, DC. Prodr. 3.42. Hook. Fl. Bor-Am. 1. 206. Don, Mill.
2.681. Beck, Bot. 116. Hook. Comp. Bot. Mag. 1. 25; Lond. Journ. Bot. 6. 221.
Fisch. & Mey. in Ind. Sem. Petrop. 3. 33 (Litt-Ber. zu Linnea, 1838, 93). Darling.
FI. Cestr. 239. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1.489. Eat. & Wr. 233. Dietr. 2.1292. Gray,
Pl. Fendl. 43; Pl. Wright. 1. 69 & 2. 56; Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist. 7. 146; Manual,
178. Durand & Hilgard, Pac. R. Rep. 5.7. Newberry, same, 6.74. Cooper,
same, 12.60. Chapman, 140. Porter, Hayd. Rep. 1870, 476. Barbey in Brew.
& Wats. Bot. Calif. 1. 219; Monogr. Epil. ined. t. 9.

E. tetragonum. Pursh, 259. Elliott, 1.445. | Torrey. Pac. R. Rep. 4. 86. Bo-
land. Cat. 12. Watson, King’s Rep. 5. 103, in part.

2 E. divaricatum. Raf. Prec. Découv. 41; Desv. Journ. Bot. 1814, 271. Poir.
Suppl. 5. 668. Seringe, 1. c. Don, Mill. 2. 682. Eat. & Wr. 234. Dietr. 2. 1292.
B. Franciscanum. Barbey, Brew. & Wats. Bot. Calif. 1. 220.

E 2 Torrey, Pac. R. Rep. 4. 86, under £. tetrayonum.

Epilobium.] ONAGRACES. | 3600

EB. glaberrimum. Barbey, |. c. 220; Monogr. t. 5.

Var. latifolium. Barbey, ll. cc.
E. uirsutum, Linn. Spreng. Syst. 2.232. Gray, Manual, 177.
E. latifolium. Linn. Spec. 547. See syn. in Willd. Spec. 2. 314; Ledeb. Fl. Ross.
2.106; Trautv. & Mey. Fl. Ochot. 88.— Oeder, Fl. Dan. 4, t.565. Lam. Dict.
2.374. Pursh, 259. Richard. Frankl. Journ. 8. Hook. in Trans. Linn. Soc.
14. 372; Fl. Bor.-Am. 1. 205. Spreng. Syst. 2. 232. Cham. & Schlecht. in Linnea,
2.552. DC. Prodr. 8.40. Meyer, Pl. Lab. 71. Bongard, Veg. Sitch. 134. Don,
Mill. 2. 680 (& var. venustum, Dougl.). Presl, Rel. Haenk. 2.29. Hook. & Arn.
Bot. Beechey, 123. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1.487. Eat. & Wr. 233. Dietr. 2. 1290.
Seller, Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. 16.171. Seem. Bot. Herald, 30, 52 & 55. Durand,
Pl. Kane. in Journ. Acad. Philad. 1856, 191 (Kane’s Exped. 2. 454). Lange, Pl.
Groenl. 134. Hook. f. in Journ. Linn. Soe. 1. 116, 121 & 124, & 5. 83; Arct. Pl. 291.
Dickie, Journ. Linn. Soc. 3.111. Gray, Am. Journ. Sci. 2. 55. 405; Proc. Acad.
Philad. 1863, 61. Pl. Bourgeau, 256. Rothr. Fl. Alask. 446; Pl. Wheeler, 39.
Porter, Fl. Col. 43. Barbey, Brew. & Wats. Bot. Calif. 1. 219.

E. luteum. Pursh, 259. Poir. Suppl. 5. 668. Spreng. Syst. 2. 258. Cham. &
Schlecht. in Linnea, 2. 553. Seringe, DC. Prodr. 5. 44. Hook. Fl. Bor-Am.
1.208. Bongard, Veg. Sitch. 135. Don, Mill. 6.83. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 487.
Eat. & Wr. 234. Dietr. 2.1292. Walp. Rep. 2.90. Ledeb. Fl. Ross. 2. 107.
Cooper, Pac. R. Rep. 12. 60. Rothr. Fl. Alask. 445. Barbey, 1. c. 219.

EB. minutum. Lindley in Hook. Fl. Bor-Am. 1. 207. Don, Mill. 2.681. Torr.
& Gray, Fl. 1.490. Eat. & Wr. 234. Dietr. 2.1292. Walp. Rep. 2.91. Hook.
in Lond. Journ. Bot. 6. 221. Engelm. Pl. Upp. Miss. 491. Torrey, Pac. R. Rep.
4.86; Bot. Wilkes, 296. Cooper, Pac. R. Rep. 12.60. Boland. Cat.12. Gray,
Proc. Am. Acad. 8. 384. Watson, same, 11.115. Barbey, 1. c.; Monogr. t. 7.

Crossostigma Lindleyt. Spach, Rev. Onagr. 84.

Var. foliosum. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1.490. Porter, Fl. Col. 221.

E. molle. Torrey, Fl. U. S. 393, not Lam.; Fl. N. Y. 1.233. Torr. & Gray,
Fi. 1. 490. Eat. & Wr. 233. Walp. Rep. 2.91. Gray, Manual, 178.

E. strictum. Muhl. Cat. 39. Spreng. Syst. 2. 233. DC. Prodr. 3.41. Don,
Mill. 2. 681. Beck, Bot. 117.

E. obcordatum. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 6. 532. Watson, King’s Rep. 5. 104.
Barbey, Brew. & Wats. Bot. Calif. 1.218; Monogr. Epil. ined. t. 3.

E. opacum. Lehmann in Hook. FI. Bor.-Am. 1. 205; Pug. Nov. Pl. 2.14. Don,
Mill. 2.680. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1.487. Eat. & Wr. 233. Dietr. 2. 1290. Walp.
Rep. 2. 90. Perhaps hybrid of L. latifolium & E. strictum, fide Barbey, 1. c.

&. origanifolium. Lam. Dict. 2. 376. See syn. in Ledeb. Fl. Ross. 2. 111 ; Koch,
Fl. Germ. 3 ed. 209; Griseb. in Bot. Zeit. 10. 853, and Babington, Ann. & Mag.
Nat. Hist. 2. 17. 813, as EL. alsinefolium. — Persoon, 1. 410. Reichenb. Iconogr. Bot.
2. 74, t. 180, f. 314. Cham. & Schlecht. in Linnea, 2.553. DC. Prodr. 3. 41.
Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am. 1. 206. Don, Mill. 1. 680. Eat. & Wr. 233. Lange, PI. Groenl.

_ 155. Pl. Bourgeau, 256. Anderson, Cat. Pl. Nev. 120. Barbey, 1. c. 219.

E. alsinefolium. Villars, Hist. Pl. Dauph. 2. 511. Liebm. in Fl. Dan. 15, t. 2587.
Gray, Am. Journ. Sci. 2. 33. 405.

E. alpestre. Schrank, Pfl. Lab. 15. Meyer, Pl. Lab. 73.

L. alpinum. Bigel. Fl. Bost. 2 ed. 147.

E. alpinum, var. majus. Wahl. Fl. Suec. 1. 234. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 488.
Newberry, Pac. R. Rep. 6. 74. Gray, Manual, 177.

266 ONAGRACE. [Epilobium.

HE. palustre. Linn. Spec. 348. See syn. in Willd. Spec. 2. 317; Ledeb. Fl. Ross,
2.109; Trautv. & Meyer, Fl. Ochot. 58; Griseb. in Bot. Zeit. 10. 852. — Pursh, 260.
Spreng. Syst. 2.233. Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am. 1. 207. Beck, Bot. 116. Torr. & Gray, ~
Fl. 1. 490. Eat. & Wr. 233. Torrey, Fl. N. Y-1. 233; Pac. R. Rep. 4. 86. Lange,
Pl. Groenl. 133. Hook. f. Arct. Pl. 291 & 328. Gray, Pred. Acad. Philad. 1863, 61.
Pl. Bourgeau, 256. Rothr. Fl. Alask. 446. Porter, Fl. Col. 43.

Var. lineare. Gray, Manual (2 ed. 130), 177. Chapman, 140. Kept distinct by =
Grisebach, l. c.; Fries, Summ. Veg. Scand. 176.

¢ E. angustissimum. Willd. Spec. 2. 515, as to habitat Greenland.

E. oliganthum. Michx. Fl. 1. 225. Poir. Suppl. 2.570. Seringe, DC. Prodr.
3.45. Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am. 1. 208. Don, Mill. 2. 681. Dietr. 2. 1292.

t E. ciliatum. Rat. Desv. Journ. Bot. 1. 229. Poir. Suppl. 5. 668.

E. rosmarinifolium. Pursh, 259. Poir. Suppl. 5. 668. Torrey, Fl. U. S. 392.

E. densum & denlaphylim: Raf. Prec. Découy. 41 & 42; Desy. Journ. Bot. 1814,
271. Poir. Suppl. 5. 668. DC. Prodr. 3. 42 & 43. Don, Mill. 2. 681 & 682. Eat. ©
& Wr. 234. Dietr. 2. 1292. ’ >=

E. tenellum. Raf. ll. ec., & same citations. Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am. 1. 207. a

E. lineare. Muhl. Cat. 39. Barton, Compend. FI. Philad. 1.183. Bigel. Fl. |
Bost. 2 ed. 147. Eat. & Wr. 233. Griseb. in Bot. Zeit. 10. 852. Lange, Play
Groenl. 133. ¢

E. squamatum. Nutt. Genera, 1. 250. Spreng. Syst. 2. 234. Seringe, DC. Prodr.
3.43. Don, Mill. 2. 682. Beck, Bot. 116.

E. palustre, var. albescens. Richard. Frankl. Journ. 12. Cham. & Schlecht. in
Linnea, 2. 554. Schlecht. Fl. Lab. in Linnea, 10. 96.

2 E. pubescens. Presl, Rel. Haenk. 2. 29; fide Torr. & Gray, FI. 1. 491.

E. palustre, var. albiflorum. Lehm. in Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am. 1. 207. Don, Mill,
2.682. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 490. Torrey, Nicol. Rep. 150. Hook. in Lond. Journ, 4
Bot. 6. 221. Wood, Cl.-Book, 351. Rothr. Pl. Wheeler, 39.

E. palustre. Gray, Manual, 1 ed. 135

E. paniculatum. Nutt.; Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1.490. Walp. Rep. 2.92. Hooks)
in Lond. Journ. Bot. 6. 221. Newberry, Pac. R. Rep. 6. 74. Cooper, same, 12. 52
& 60. Gray, Am. Journ. Sci. 2. 33. 405; Proc. Acad. Philad. 1863, 61 ; Proc. Am,
Acad. 8. 384. Anderson, Cat. Pl. Nev. 120. Boland. Cat. 12. Porter, Hayd. Rep.
1870, 476; 1871, 483; Fl. Col. 48. Watson, King’s Rep. 5. 103; Pl. Wheeler, 9.~
Coulter, Hayd. Rep. 1872, 767. Torrey, Bot. eae 297. Rothr. Pl. Wheeler, 39. _
Macoun & Gibson, Tan, Bot. Soe. Edinb. 12. 82 Barbey, Brew. & Wats. Bot. —
Calif. 1. 220; Monogr. Epilob. ined. t. 8. ,

EB. roseum. Schreber, Fl. Lips. 147. See syn. in Seringe, DC. Prodr. 5. 41 il
Ledeb. Fl. Ross. 2. 110; Pritzel, Ind. Icon. Bot. 1. 405. — Bongard, Veg. Sitch. 135,
Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 489. Rothr. Fl. Alask. 446. Grisebach, Bot. Zeit. 10. 854.

E. spicatum. Lam. FI. France, 1077; Dict. 2. 873; Ill. 2. 412, t. 278. See sym
in Gren. & Godr. Fl. France, 1. 583; and under £. Baa anne in Willd. Spec,
2. 313; Ledeb. Fl. Ross. 2. 105; Trautv. & Meyer, Fl. Ochot. 87; Pritzel, Ind. Icon.
Bot. L. 402. — Persoon, 1. 409. Nutt. Genera, 1. 250. Torrey, Fl. U. 8. 391; Frem,
Rep. 89. DC. Prodr. 3. 40. Don, Mill. 2. 680. Beck, Bot. 116. Eat. & Wr. 2
Barbey, Brew. & Wats. Bot. Calif. 1. 218.
E. angustifolium. inn. Spec. 347, var. B. Michx. Fl. 1. 225. Pursh, 259,
Bigel. Fl. Bost. 146. Schrank, Pfl. Lab. 15. Cham. & Schlecht. in Linnea, 2. 552.
Hook. Fl. Bor-Am. 1. 205; Comp. Bot. Mag. 1. 25; Lond. Journ. Bot. 6. 220. Bom |
gard, Veg. Sitch. 134. Meyer, Pl. Lab. 71. Schlecht. in Linnea, 10. 96. Hook.

Epilobium. Eucharidium.| ONAGRACEZ. 367

& Arn. Bot. Beechey, 123. Torr. & Gray, FI. 1. 487; Pac. R. Rep. 2. 126. Dietr.
2.1290. Torrey, Fl. N. Y. 1. 231; Nicol. Rep. 150; Bot. Wilkes, 296. Seller, Ann.
& Mag. Nat. Hist. 16.171. Gray, Pl. Fendl. 43; Proc. Acad. Philad. 1863, 61 ;
Manual, 177; Proc. Am. Acad. 8. 383. Seem. Bot. Herald, 30 & 52. Engelm. PI.
Upp. Miss. 191. Tuckerman, Josselyn’s Rarities, 88. Durand, Pl. Kane. in
Journ. Acad. Philad. 1856, 191 (Kane’s Exped. 2. 454). Newberry, Pac. R. Rep.
6.74. Cooper, same, 12.60. Chapman, 139. Hook. f. Arct. Pl. 291. Pl. Bour-
geau, 256. Rothr. Fl. Alask. 446; Pl. Wheeler, 39. Boland. Cat. 12. Anderson,
Cat. Pl. Nev. 120. Porter, Hayd. Rep. 1870, 476; 1871, 483; Fl. Col. 43. Watson,
King’s Rep. 5.104; Pl. Wheeler, 9. Coulter, Hayd. Rep. 1872, 766.

@ EF. pauciflorum. Schrank, Pfl. Lab. 15. Meyer, Fl. Lab. 72. Schlecht. in
Linnea, 10. 96.

Chamenerium angustifolium. Spach, Hist. Veg. 4. 396. Lange, Pl. Groenl. 154.
E. suffruticosum. Nutt.; Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1.488. Walp. Rep. 2.90. Hook.
in Lond. Journ. Bot. 6. 220. Coulter, Hayd. Rep. 1872, 767.
E. tetragonum. Linn. Spec. 494. See syn. in Ledeb. FI. Ross. 2. 110; Grise-
bach, Bot. Zeit. 10. 854; Pritzel, Ind. Icon. Bot. 1. 405.— Michx. Fl. 1. 223. Rich-
ard. Frankl. Journ. 8. Spreng. Syst. 2. 235. Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am. 1. 206; Lond.
Journ. Bot. 6.220. Don, Mill. 2. 682. Beck, Bot. 117. Hook. & Arn. Bot.
Beechey, 141. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1.489. Eat. & Wr. 284. Walp. Rep. 2. 91.
Hook. f. in Fl. Antarct. 2. 270; Arct. Pl. 291. Cooper, Pac. R. Rep. 12.60. Gray,
Am. Journ. Sci. 2. 33.405; Proc. Am. Acad. 8. 383. Wood, Cl.-Book, 351. PI.
Bourgeau, 256. Rothr. Fl. Alask. 446; Pl. Wheeler, 59. Watson, King’s Rep.
5. 103, in part; Pl. Wheeler, 9. Porter, Hayd. Rep. 1871, 483; Fl. Col. 48. Coul-
ter, Hayd. Rep. 1872, 767.
Var. glandulosum. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1.488. Torrey, Bot. Wilkes, 296.

Et, glandulosum. Lehmann, Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am. 1. 206; Pug. Pl. Nov. 2. 14.
Don, Mill. 2.680. Eat. & Wr. 2384. Dietr. 2. 1292.
E. Watsoni. Barbey, Brew. & Wats. Bot. Calif. 1. 219; Monogr. Epil. ined. t. 6.

E. alpestre, alpinum & alsinefolium; ori- | E. leptophyllum, lineare & oliganthum;

ganifolium. palustre.

angustifolium ; spicatum. pauciflorum ; spicatum.

angustissimum, ciliatum & densum ; pa- pubescens, rosmarinifolium & squama-
lustre. tum ; palustre.

divaricatum ; coloratum. strictum ; molle.

glandulosum ; tetragonum. tenellum ; palustre.

Hornemanni ; alpinum. tetragonum ; coloratum.

?; Franciscanum.

EUCHARIDIUM Breweri. Gray, Proc. Am: Acad. 6. 532. Brew. & Wats.
Bot. Calif. 1. 232.

E. concinnum. Fisch. & Meyer, Ind. Sem. Petrop. 2.11 (Hook. Comp. Bot. Mag.
2.7; Ann. Sci. Nat. 2. 5. 184; Litt.-Ber. zu Linnea, 1837, 105, & 7. 40 (Ann. Sci.
Nat. 2. 16.53; Litt.-Ber. 1841, 112). Lindl. Bot. Reg. 23, t.1962. Hook. Bot.
Mag. t. 3589. Hook. & Arn. Bot. Beechey, 340. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 516. Lilja,
Linnza, 15. 260. Walp. Rep. 2.90. Meyer, Sert. Petrop.t. 12. Torrey, Pac.
R. Rep. 4. 87. Boland. Cat. 12. Brew. & Wats. Bot. Calif. 1. 232.

E. grandiflorum. Fisch. & Meyer, Ind. Sem. Petrop. 7. 40 (& ll. ec.). Walp.
Rep. 2. 90. Meyer, Sert. Petrop. t.13. Rev. Hort. 6. 298, f. 109.

~I —/

368 ONAGRACES. [Bulobus. Gaura.

EULOBUS Californicus. Nutt.; Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1.515. Torrey, Mex. Bound.
66. Brew. & Wats. Bot. Calif. 1. 221.

GAURA angustifolia. Michx. Fl..1. 226. Persoon, 1. 409. Poir. Suppl. 2. 711.
eh, 260. Elliott, 1. 445. James, Cat. 180. Seringe, DC. Prodr. 3. 44. Don,
Mill. 2. 683. Hook. Comp. Bot. Mag. 1.25. Spach, Monogr. Onagr. 58; Hist.
Veg. 4. 382. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1.517. Eat. & Wr. 251. Dietr. 2.1296. Chap-
man, 158. Wood, Cl.-Book, 354. Rothr. Syn. Gaurin. in Proc. Am. Acad. 6. 352.

G. biennis. Walter, 128.

G. fruticosa. Jacq. Icon. Pl. Rar. 3, t. 457; Collect. Bot. 1,142. Willd. Spee.
2.312. Poir. Suppl. 2. 711; Lam. Ill. 2. 423, t. 281, f. 2.

G. undulata. Desf. Cat. Par. 196.
G. biennis. Linn. Spec. 347. Hill, Veg. Syst. 11, t. 11, f.1. Lam. Dict. 2. 614;
Ill. 2. 422, t. 281, f.1. Moench, Meth. 686. Ait. Hort. Kew. 2.4. Curtis, Bot.
Mag. t. 389. Schkuhr, Handb. 1. 324, t.105. Gaertn. Fruct.t.127. Willd.
Spec. 2.311. Michx. Fl. 1. 226. Barton, Bot. Appx. 26, t.16. Persoon, 1. 409.
Pursh, 260. Elliott, 1.446. Torrey, Fl. U. S. 391; Fl. N. Y. 1.236. Maund)
Bot. Gard. 1, t. 75. Spreng. Syst. 2. 234. Seringe, DC.*Prodr. 3. 44. Lehmann,
Hook. Fl. 1. 209. Don, Mill. 2. 683. Beck, Bot. 117. Hook. Comp. Bot. Mag.
1.25. Spach, Hist. Veg. 4. 381. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 517, excl. var. Eat. & Wr
251. Dietr. 2. 1296. Gray, Pl. Fendl. 47; Manual, 177. Parry, Pl. Minn. 612.
Engelm. Pl. Upp. Miss. 192. Chapman, 138. Rothr. Syn. 851. Coulter, Hayd.
Rep. 1872, 767.

@ Pleurandra alba. Raf. Fl. Lud. 95.

Pleurostemon album. Raf. Adn. 1820. Seringe, DC. Prodr. 3.64. Don, Mill.
2. 699:
G. coccinea. Nutt. in Fraser’s Cat. 1818; Genera, 1.249. Pursh, 735. Poir.
Suppl. 5. 688. Bradbury, Cat. 336. James, Cat. 180; Long’s Exped. 2. 333.
Spreng. Syst. 2. 234. Torrey, Ann. Lyc. N. Y. 2. 200; Nicol. Rep. 150; Frem. Rep.
89 & 315; Emory’s Rep. 140 & 408; Marcy’s Rep. 285; Sitgr. Rep. 159; Pac. R.
ep. 4. 87; Mex. Bound. 66. Seringe, DC. Prodr. 3. 45. Lehm. in Hook. Fl. Bor.

Am. 1. 208. Don, Mill. 2. 688. Spach, Hist. Veg. 4. 382. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 518; —

Pac. R. Rep. 2. 126 & 164. Eat. & Wr. 251. Dietr. 2.1297. Nees, Pl. Neuwied, 9,
Hook. in Lond. Journ. Bot. 6. 225. Engelm. in Wisliz. Rep. 3; Pl. Upp. Miss. 192.
Gray, Pl. Wright. 1.73 & 2. 59; Pac. R. Rep. 12. 43; Am. Journ. Sci. 2. 33. 405%

Proc. Acad. Philad. 1863, 61. Pl. Bourgeau, 256. Rothr. Syn. 352; Pl. Wheeler, —

40. Porter, Hayd. Rep. 1870, 476; 1871, 483; Fl. Col. 44. Coulter, Hayd. Rep.
1872, 767. Watson, Pl. Wheeler, 9.
Schizocarya (%) crispa. Spach, Monogr. Onagr. 58.
Var. integerrima. Torrey, Ann. Lyc. N. Y. 2.200. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 518.
Nees, Pl. Neuwied, 10. Walp. Rep. 2. 97.
G. marginata. Lehmann, Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am. 1. 208; Pug. Pl. Nov. 2. 16. . Don,
Mill. 2. 688. Eat. & Wr. 251. Dietr. 2. 1297.

Var. parvifolia. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1.518. Walp. Rep. 2. 97. Gray, Pl. Wright.
1. 73.

G. epilobioides. HBK. Nov. Gen. & Spec. 6. 938. DC. Prodr. 3.44. Don, Mill.

2. 683. Dietr. 2. 1296. Gray, Pl. Fendl. 46.

G. parvifolia. Torrey, 1l.c. Eat. & Wr. 251.
Var. glabra. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1.518. Walp. 1.c.

G. glabra. Yehmann, Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am. 1. 209; Pug. Pl. Nov. 2.16. Don,
Mill. 2.684. Eat. & Wr. 251. Dietr. 2. 1297.

m |
as’
Ph

Gaura.] ONAGRACEZ. 369

G. Drummondii. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1.519. Dietr. 2.1297. Walp. Rep. 2. 97.
Engelm. & Gray, Pl. Lindh. 86. Gray, Pl. Lindh. 190; Pl. Wright. 1.73; Hall’s
Pl. Texas,9. Torrey, Mex. Bound. 66. Rothr. Syn. Gaurin. 353. Young, FI.
Texas, 265.

Schizocarya Drummondii. Spach, Monogr. Onogr. 62.

G. Remeriana. Scheele, Linnza, 21. 579. Walp. Ann. 2. 526.
G. filipes. Spach, Monogr. Onagr. 59. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1.517. Dietr. 2. 1297.
Walp. Rep. 2. 96. Scheele, Roem. Texas, 431. Chapman, 158. Rothr. Syn. Gau-
rin. 353. Gray, Manual, 177.

G. Michauxii. Spach, 1. c. 59. Dietr. 2. 1297.

G. coccinea. Bertoloni, Bot. Misc. 11. 17.

Var. major. Torr. & Gray, FI. 1. 517, excl. syn.

G. fruticulosa. Benth. Bot. Sulph. 15. Walp. Rep. 5. 670. (Lower California.)

G. Lindheimeri. Engelm. & Gray, Pl. Lindh. 9. Walp. Amn. 2. 535. Lindl.
in Journ. Hort. Soc. 7.270. Vilmorin, Rev. Hort. 3. 5. 41, t. 5; 6. 262, f. 101.
Paxton, Fl. Garden, 3. 127, f. 292. Rothr. Syn. Gaurin. 351. Wood, Bot. & FI.
126. Gray, Hall’s Pl. Texas, 9.

2 G. hirsuta. Scheele, Linnea, 21. 580; fide Gray, Pl. Lindh. 191. Walp. 1. e.

G. longiflora. Spach, Monogr. Onagr. 59. Gray, Pl. Lindh. 386. Walp. Ann.
2.536. Rothr. Syn. Gaurin. 351.
G. biennis, var. Pitcheri. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 513. Torrey, Pac. R. Rep. 4. 87.
G. filipes, var. major. Torr. & Gray, FI. 1. 517, in part.

G. macrocarpa. Rothrock, Syn. Gaurin. 353.
G. villosa. Gray, Pl. Wright. 2.59. Torrey, Mex. Bound. 66.

G. parviflora. Dougl.; Lehmann in Hook. FI. Bor.-Am. 1. 208; Pug. Pl. Nov.
2.15. Don, Mill. 2.683. Hook. Bot. Mag. t. 3506; Lond. Journ. Bot. 6. 225.
Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1.519; Pac. R. Rep. 2.164. Eat. & Wr. 251. Dietr. 2. 1297.
Walp. Rep. 2.97. Engelm. & Gray, Pl. Lindh. 37. Gray, Pl. Fendl. 47 ; Pl. Lindh.
190; Pl. Wright. 2.59; Proc. Acad. Philad. 1863, 61; Proc. Am. Acad. 8. 384.
Torrey, Emory’s Rep. 140; Pac. R. Rep. 4. 87; Mex. Bound. 66; Bot. Wilkes, 299.
Engelm. Pl. Upp. Miss. 192. Rothr. Syn. Gaurin. 354. Porter, Hayd. Rep. 1870,
476; 1871, 483; Fl. Col. 46. Watson, King’s Rep. 5.113; Pl. Wheeler, 9. Coul-
ter, Hayd. Rep. 1872, 767. Young, FI. Texas, 265. Brew. & Watson, Bot. Calif.
1, 234,

G. mollis. Nutt.; Torrey, Ann. Lye. N. Y. 2. 200,not HBK. James, Long’s
Exped. 2. 264. Eat. & Wr. 251.

Schizocarya micrantha. Spach, Monogr. Onagr. 62.

G. sinuata. Nutt.; Seringe, DC. Prodr. 3. 44. Don, Mill. 2. 683. Spach, Monogr.
Onagr. 58. Torr. & Gray, FI. 1. 518; Pac. R. Rep. 2. 126 & 164. Eat. & Wr. 251.

| Dietr. 2.1296. Engelm. & Gray, Pl. Lindh. 9 & 32. Gray, Pl. Lindh. 190; PI.
| Wright. 1.72 & 2. 59; Hall’s Pl. Texas,9. Scheele, Roem. Texas, 431. Rothr.

Syn. 353. A. H. Smith, Proc. Acad. Philad. 1867, 19. Young, Fl. Texas, 265.
G. suffulta. Engelm.; Gray, Pl. Lindh. 190; Pl. Wright. 1. 72 & 2. 59; Hall’s PI.

| Texas,9. Walp. Ann. 2. 536. Torr. & Gray, Pac. R. Rep. 2. 164. Torrey, Mex.
| Bound. 66. Rothr. Syn. Gaurin. 352. Watson, Pl. Wheeler, 9.

_G. tripetala. Cavanilles, Icon. Pl. 4. 66, t. 396, f.1. Persoon, 1.409. Willd.
| Enum. 409. HBK. Nov. Gen. 6. 94. Seringe, DC. Prodr. 3. 44. Don, Mill.
2.683. Spach, Monogr. Onagr. 56. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1.519. Dietr. 2. 1297.
| Gray, Pl. Wright. 1. 72; Hall’s Pl. Texas, 9. Rothr. Syn. Gaurin. 352.

24

370 ONAGRACEZ. [Gaura. Godetia.

G. hexandra. Ortega, Nov. Pl. Matrit. 14.

G. triangulata. Buckley, Proc. Acad. Philad. 1861, 454; fide Gray, same, 1863,
165.
G. villosa. Torrey, Ann. Lyc. N. Y. 2.200. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1.518. Eat. &
Wr. 251. Walp. Rep. 2.97. Engelm. in Wisliz. Rep. 4. Gray, Pl. Fendl. 46; PL
Wright. 1. 75 & 2.59. Torrey, Marcy’s Rep. 285; Pac. R. Rep. 4. 87. Rothr. Syn.
Gaurin. 357.

G. 2 Gray, Pl. Wright. 1. 73.

GAYOPHYTUM diffusum. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1.513. Walp. Rep. 2. 76.
Torrey, Frem. Rep. 315. Hook. in Lond. Journ. Bot. 6.224. Watson, King’s Rep.
5.105. Porter, Hayd. Rep. 1871, 483. Coulter, same, 1872, 767. Brew. & Wats.
Bot. Calif. 1. 221.
G. racemosum. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1.514. Walp. Rep. 2.76. Hook. in Lond.
Journ. Bot. 6.225. Gray, Proc. Acad. Philad. 1863, 61. Watson, King’s Rep. q
5. 105; Pl. Wheeler, 9. Porter, Hayd. Rep. 1871, 483; Fl. Col. 44. Coulter, Hayd.
Rep. 1872, 767. Brew. & Wats. Bot. Calif. 1. 221. ’
G. Nuttallii. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 514. Walp. Rep. 2. 76. Torrey, Pac. R. Rep.
4.87. Anderson, Cat. Pl. Nev. 120. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 8. 384. ‘
G. cesium. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1.514. Walp. Rep. 2.76. Gray, Proc. Am.
Acad. 7. 340. |

G. ramosissimum. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 513. Walp. Rep. 2. 76. Hook. in Lond. :

Journ. Bot. 6.224. Torrey, Stansb. Rep. 887; Bot. Wilkes, 299. Durand, Fl.
Utah, 164. Engelm. Pl. Upp. Miss. 192. Gray, Am. Journ. Sci. 2. 33. 405. Ane
derson, Cat. Pl. Nev. 120. Watson, King’s Rep. 5. 105; Pl. Wheeler, 9. Porter, ©
Hayd. Rep. 1871, 483; Fl. Col. 44. Coulter, Hayd. er 1872, 767. Rothr. Pi

Wheeler, 40. Brew. & Wats. Bot. Calif. 1. 221. :
Var. deflexum. Hook. in Lond. Journ. Bot. 6.224. Gray, Proc. Acad. Philad. —
1863, 61. r
GODBTIA albescens. Lindl. Bot. Reg. 27, Misc. 61, & 28,t.9. Walp. Rep.
2. 87. Brew. & Wats. Bot. Calif. 1. 229. :
(Enothera purpurea. Bentham, Pl. Hartw. 310. a |
(nothera albescens. Watson, Rev. Ginoth. in Proc. Am. Acad. 8. 597. ,
G. ameena. Lilja in Lindblom, Bot. Notis. 1889, 55; Linnea, 15. 265. Brew
& Wats. Bot. Calif. 1. 230. a

(nothera amena. Wehmann, Ind. Sem. h. Hamb. 1821, 8 (Litt.-Ber. zu Linnea, —

ee 8); Nov. Stirp. Pug. 1. 23; Nov. Act. Acad. Leop. 14. 811, t. 45. Don, Mill.
2.687. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 503. Regel, Gartenfl. 13. 193, t. 439. Watson, Rey. |

noth. 599. Torrey, Bot. Wilkes, 297.

(Enothera roseo-alba. Hornemann, Cat. Sem. Erf. 1824. Reichenb. Icon. Exot.
t.47&150. Sweet, Brit. Fl. Gard. t. 268.- Seringe, DC. Prodr. 3. 48. Maund, |
Bot. Gard. 8,t. 365. Dietr. 2. 1289.

(Enothera Lindleyi. Dougl.; Hook. Bot. Mag. t. 2832. Swect, Brit. Fl. Gard.
2 ser.t.19. Don, Mill. 2.688. Maund, Bot. Gard. 8, t. 365. Lehmann, Hook.
Fl. Bor.-Am. 1.211. Lindl. Bot. Reg. t. 1405. Hook. & Arn. Bot. Beechey, 141
& 342. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 502. Eat. & Wr. 330. Dietr. 2. 1287. Benth. Bot
Sulph. 14. Meyer, Ind. Sem. Petrop. 11, Suppl. 58. Wood, Bot. & Fl. 126. Gray,
Proc. Am. Acad. 8. 384.

(Qnothera bifrons. Lindl. Bot. Reg. 17, t. 1405.

G. Lehmanniana & Lindleyana. Spach, Monogr. Onagr. 72; Hist. Veg. 4 amt
& 392.

Godetia.] ONAGRACEA. 371

G. rubicunda. Lindl. Bot. Reg. 22, t. 1856, & under t. 1880. Walp. Rep. 2. 87.
Wood, Bot. & FI. 126.

G. vinosa. Lindl. Bot. Reg. 22, t. 1880. Walp.1.c. Wood, l.c.

G£nothera rubicunda. Hook. & Arn. Bot. Beechey, 342. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 502.
Dietr. 2. 1287.

G. macrantha, Lilja, Lindb. Bot. Notis. 1859, 53; Linnea, 15. 265 & 17. 10.

(Enothera vinosa. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1.503. Dietr. 2. 1287. Torrey, Pac. R.
Rep. 7. 11. Cooper, same, 12. 61.

2 (Enothera arcuata. Kellogg, Proc. Calif. Acad. 1. 58.

G. Nivertiana. Gouj. in Rev. Hort. 1872, 431, t.
G. biloba. Watson, Bot. Calif. 1. 251.

(nothera tenella, var. tenuifolia. Bentham, Pl. Hartw. 310.

(nothera biloba. Durand, Pl. Pratten. 87. Torrey, Pac. R. Rep. 4. 86. Wat-
son, Rey. Génoth. 599.

G. Bottz. Spach, Monogr. Onagr. 73. Walp. Rep. 2.88. Brew. & Wats. Bot.
Calif. 1. 231.
(Enothera Botte. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 505. Dietr. 2. 1285. Watson, l. c.
(@nothera Californica. Dietr. 2. 1288.
Qnothera rubicunda. Benth. Pl. Hartw. 810. Gray, Proc. Bost. Soc. 7. 146.
(nothera tenella. Gray, l. ec.

G. epilobioides. Watson, Bot. Calif. 1. 231.

(nothera epilobioides. Nutt.; Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 511. Walp. Rep. 2.78. Wat-
son, Rey. Cinoth. 599.

(Enothera rubicunda. Torr. & Gray, Pac. R. Rep. 2.121. Anderson, Cat. PI.
Ney. 120.

(Enothera tenella, var, tenuifolia. Torrey, Pac. R. Rep. 4. 86.

(nothera vinosa. ‘Torrey, Mex. Bound. 66.

Gnothera viminea. Watson, King’s Rep. 5. 108.

(Enothera tenella. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 8. 354.

G. grandiflora. Lindl. Bot. Reg. 27, Misc. 61, & 28,t.61. Walp. Rep. 2. 87.
Sweet, Ornam. Fl. Gard. 2, t. 74. Lemaire, Jard. Fl. 3,t. 318. Brew. & Wats.
Bot. Calif. 1. 228.

(nothera Whitneyi. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 7. 340 & 400. Hook. f. Bot. Mag.
t. 5867. Boland. Cat. 12. Gard. Chronicle, 1871, 103.

Qnothera grandiflora. Watson, Rev. Ginoth. 596.

G. hispidula. Watson, Bot. Calif. 1. 609.
(Enothera rubicenda. Durand, Pl. Pratten. 87.
Qnothera hispidula. Watson, Rev. GEnoth. 599.

G. lepida. Lindl. Bot. Reg. 22, t. 1849. Walp. Rep. 2. 88. Brew. & Wats. Bot.
Calif. 1.229.

(Enothera lepida. Hook. & Arn. Bot. Beechey, 342. Torr. & Gray, FI. 1. 504.
Dietr. 2.1287. Benth. Pl. Hartw. 310. Torrey, Pac. R. Rep. 4.86. Cooper,
same, 12.61. Wood, Bot. & Fl. 126. Watson, Rev. Ginoth. 597.

(Enothera purpurea. Durand, Pl. Pratten. 88, in part.

Var. parviflora. Watson, Bot. Calif. 1. 229.

(Enothera decumbens. Dougl.; Hook. Bot. Mag. t. 2889. Lindl. Bot. Reg. 15,
t.1221. Lehm. in Hook. Fl. Bor-Am. 1.211. Don, Mill. 2.688. Torr. & Gray,
Fl. 1. 504. Eat. & Wr. 331. Dietr. 2. 1287. Durand, Pl. Pratten. 87.

G. decumbens. Spach, Monogr. Onagr. 68, t. 30, f.2; Hist. Veg. 4. 388, t. 86,
f.2. Walp. Rep. 2. 88.

372 ONAGRACEZ. [Godetia.

(Enothera viminea. Torrey, Pac. R. Rep. 4. 86, in part.
(Enothera densiflora, var. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 8. 584, in part.
(Enothera lepida, var. parviflora. Watson, Rey. Génoth. 597.

Var. Arnottii. Watson, Bot. Calif. 1. 229.
(@nothera viminea, var. Hook. & Arn. Bot. Beechey, 342.
(@nothera Arnottii. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 503.
G. Arnottii. Walp. Rep. 2. 88.
(Enothera lepida, var. Arnottii. Watson, Rey. Ginoth. 597.

G. purpurea. Watson, Bot. Calif. 1. 229.

(nothera purpurea. Curtis, Bot. Mag. t.352. Willd. Spéc. 2.3811. Persoon, =
1.409. Ait. f. Hort. Kew. 2. 344. Spreng. Syst. 2.228. Maund, Bot. Gard. 1,
t. 79. Seringe, DC. Prodr. 3.49. Lehm. in Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am. 1.211. Don,
Mill. 2. 688. Hook. & Arn. Bot. Beechey, 341. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1.504. Eat. &
Wr. 331. Dietr. 2.1287. Benth. Bot. Sulph.1s5. Boland. Cat. 12. Gray, Proc.
Am. Acad. 8. 384, in part. Watson, Rev. noth. 596.

@nothera humilis. Donn, Ind. Hort. Cant. 41. Poir. Suppl. 4. 144.

G. Willdenowiana, Spach, Monogr. Onagr. 68; Hist. Veg. 4. 387.
G. quadrivulnera. Spach, Monogr. Onagr. 69; Hist. Veg. 4. 389. Walp. Rep.
2.88. Brew. & Wats. Bot. Calif. 1. 230.

(nothera quadrivulnera. Dougl.; Lindl. Bot. Reg. 13, t. 1119. Lehm. in Hook.
Fl. Bor.-Am. 1. 213. Don, Mill. 2. 684. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 504. Eat. & Wr. 331.
Dietr. 2. 1285. Cooper, Pac. R. Rep. 12. 61. Watson, Rev. Ginoth. 598. Tor-
rey, Bot. Wilkes, 297.

(inothera tenella, var. tenuifolia. Hook. & Arn. Bot. Beechey, 342, in part. Torr.
& Gray, Fl. 1. 504.

(Enothera viminea. Torrey, Pac. R. Rep. 4. 86, in part.

(Enothera purpurea. Durand, Pl. Pratten. 88, in part.

G. Romanzovii. Spach, ll. cc. 70 & 390. Brew. & Wats. Bot. Calif. 1. 250.

(nothera Romanzovii. Ledebour, Mém. Acad. Petersb. 8. 314, t.11. Hornem.
Hort. Hafn. Suppl. 1.133. Don in Lindl. Bot. Reg. 7, t. 562 (Spreng. Neue Ent-
deck. 3.176). Link, Enum. 378. Spreng. Syst. 2. 228. Seringe, DC. Prodr.
3.49. Lehm. in Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am. 1. 212. Don, Mill. 2.688. Torr. & Gray,
Fl. 1.503. Eat. & Wr. 331. Dietr. 2. 1287. Watson, Rev. Génoth. 598.

G. tenella. Watson, Bot. Calif. 1. 230. ;
CEnothera tenella. Cav. Icon. 4. 66, t. 396, f.2. Ruiz & Pav. Fl. Peruv. 3. 80,

t. 316, fig. b. Persoon, 1. 408. Poir. Suppl. 4.141. Sims, Bot. Mag. t. 2424,
Spreng. Syst. 2. 228. Sweet, Brit. Fl. Gard. t. 167. Seringe, DC. Prodr. 3. 48.
Don, Mill. 2.687. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 504, excl. var. Dietr. 2. 1287. Watson,
Rey. Génoth. 598.

G. Cavanillesii. Spach, Monogr. Onagr. 71; Hist. Veg. 4. 390. Walp. Rep.
2.88. Gay, Fl. Chil. 2. 338.

(Enothera viminea, var. parviflora. Hook. & Arn. Bot. Beechey, 842. Torrey,
Pac. R. Rep. 4. 86.

(nothera viminea. Torrey, Pac. R. Rep. 4. 86, in part.

(Enothera purpurea. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 8. 384, in part.
G. viminea. Spach, Monogr. Onagr. 69; Hist. Veg. 4. 388. Walp. Rep. 2. 87.
Brew. & Wats. Bot. Calif. 1. 230.

(Enothera viminea. Dougl.; Hook. Bot. Mag. t. 2873. Lindl. Bot. Reg. 15,
t. 1220. Lehm. in Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am. 1.211. Don, Mill. 2. 688. Maund, Bot.
Gard. 8, t. 362, & 13, t.581. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 503. Eat. & Wr. 330. Dietr.

an
me

Godetia. Jussiza.] ONAGRACE. 373

2.1287. Torrey, Pac. R. Rep. 4. 86 in part, & 7.11; Mex. Bound. 66. Boland.
Cat. 12. Watson, Rev. Ginoth. 598.
% £nothera tenella, var. tenuifolia. Lindl. Bot. Reg. 19, t. 1587.
Var. intermedia. Kellogg, Proc. Calif. Acad. 1. 60. ¢
G. Williamsoni. Watson, Bot. Calif. 1. 230,
G. Lindleyi, var. Durand & Hilgard, Journ. Acad. Philad. 3. 39.
(Enothera Williamsont. Dur. & Hilg. in Pac. R. Rep. 5. 7, t. 5. Watson, Rev.
(noth. 597.

G. Arnottii; lepida. G. Lehmanniana, Lindleyana, macrantha,
Cavanillesti ; tenella. Nivertiana, rubicunda & venosa:
decumbens ; lepida. ameena.

Lindleyi ; Williamsoni. Willdenowiana ; purpurea.

HETEROGAURA Californica. -Rothrock, Syn. Gaurin. in Proc. Am. Acad.
6. 354. Brew. & Wats. Bot. Calif. 1. 234.

Gaura heterandra. Torrey, Pac. R. Rep. 4. 87.
JUSSIZA decurrens. DC. Prodr. 3.56. Don, Mill. 2.694. Torr. & Gray,
Fl. 1. 621. Dietr. 2. 1294. Engelm. & Gray, Pl. Lindh. 9. Chapman, 140. Grise-
bach, Fl. Brit. W. Ind. 272. A. H. Smith, Proc. Acad. Philad. 1867,19. Gray,
Manual, 180; Hall’s Pl. Texas,9. Micheli, Mart. Fl. Bras. fase. 67, 160, t. 31,
& syn.

Ludwigia decurrens. Walter, 89. Poir. Suppl. 8.513. Pursh, 111. Roem. &
Schult. Syst. 3. 326. Spreng. Syst. 1.445. Elliott, 1. 217. Eat. & Wr. 306.

Ludwigia jussiceoides. Michx. Fl. 1. 89, not Linn. Persoon, 1. 145.

J. erecta. Abbott, Insects, t. 40; not Linn. Spreng. Syst. 2. 236, in part.
Nutt. Genera, 1.279. Hook. Comp. Bot. Mag. 1. 26. Eat. & Wr. 289.

Ludwigia uniflora. Raf. Med. Rep. 5. 856. Roem. & Schult. Syst. 3. 828. Tor-
rey, Fl. U. S.181. Eat. & Wr. 305.

(£nothera alata. Raf. Fl. Lud. 95. DC. Prodr. 3. 46. Don, Mill. 2. 684.

J. tenuifolia. Nutt. in Am. Journ. Sci. 5. 294. Don, Mill. 2. 693. Dietr. 2. 1293.
Eat. & Wr. 289.

Isnardia uniflora. Beck, Bot. 120.

Diplandra decurrens, compressa, pumila, montana, ovata & heterophylla. Raf. Auti-
kon Bot. 35, 36.

(nothera paludosa. Featherman, Rep. Louisiana Univ. 1870, 71.
J. octonervia. Lam. Dict. 3. 832; Ill. 2. 422, t. 280, f.1. See syn. in Grisebach,
Fl. Brit. W. Ind. 273, under J. suffruticosa; Wright, in Journ. Linn. Soc. 10. 479,
under J. salicifolia ; Micheli, 1. ec. 170.

J. occidentalis. Nutt.; Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1.521. Walp. Rep. 2.72. Engelm. &

“Gray, Pl. Lindh. 37. Young, Fl. Texas, 269.

J. Peruviana. Linn. Spec. 388. See syn. in Grisebach, 1. c. 278, under J. hirta,
Vahl; Micheli, 1. c. 151.

J. pilosa. HBK. Nov. Gen. 6. 101, t.532. DC. Prodr. 3. 53. See syn. in Grise-
bach, 1. c. 272, under J. variabilis, Mey.; Wright, 1. c. 477: Micheli, 1. ec. 164.

J. leptocarpa. Nutt. Gen. 1.279. Spreng. Syst. 2. 282. DC. Prodr. 3.553. Don,
Mill. 2.691. Hook. Comp. Bot. Mag. 1.25. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1.521. Eat. &
Wr. 289. Chapman, 140. Wood, Cl.-Book, 352; Bot. & Fl. 125. Smith, Proc.
Acad. Philad. 1867, 19.

Adenola glauca. Raf. Aut. Bot. 37.

oT . ONAGRACEZ. [Jussizea. Ludwigia.

J. repens. Linn. Mant. 581. See syn. in Wight & Arn. aa Ind. Or. 1. 335;
Grisebach, 1. c. 272; Micheli, 1. c. 166, t. 34, f. 2.— DC. Prodr. 3. 54. Hook. Bot.
Mise. 3. 312, t. 40. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1.520. Torrey, Mex. Bound. 66; Bot.
Wilkes, 300. Gray, Manual, 180; Hall’s Pl. Texas, 9. Smith, 1. c.

J. grandiflora, var. B. Hook. Comp. Bot. Mag. 1. 25.

Adenola longipes. Raf. Aut. Bot. 57.

J. Boydiana. Featherman, Rep. Louisiana Univ. 1870, 73; fide Gray, Am.
Journ. Sci. 3. 2. 375.

Var. grandiflora. Micheli, 1. c. 168, & syn.

J. grandiflora. Michx. Fl. 1. 267. Persoon, 1. 469. Poir. Suppl. 3. a Pursh,
304. Raf. Fl. Lud. 96. Nutt. Genera, 1.279. Sims, Bot. Mag. t. 2122. Elliott,
1. 480. Turpin, Dict. Sci. Nat. 24. 300, t. 218. Spreng. Syst. 2. 282. DC. Prodr.
3. 53. Don, Mill. 2. 691. Hook. Comp. Bot. Mag. 1.25. Spach, Hist. Veg.
4,344. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1.521. Eat. & Wr. 691. Dietr. 2. 1296. Chapman,
140. Wood, Cl.-Book, 352

Adenola grandiflora. Rat. Aut. Bot. 37.

Var. Californica. Watson, Bot. Calif. 1. 217.

LUDWIGIA alata. Elliott, 1. 212 (Spreng. Neue Entdeck. 2. 192). Roem. &
Schult. Syst. 5, Mant. 254. Dietr. 1. 508. Chapman, 142. Wood, Cl.-Book, 355;
Bot. & Fl. 128. :
Isnardia alata. DC. Prodr. 3.61. Don, Mill. 2. 698. Eat. & Wr. 285.
Isnardia microcarpa. Hook. Comp. Bot. Mag. 1. 26.

L. alternifolia. Linn. Spec. 118. Hill, Veg. Syst. 10, t. 46, £1. Ait. Hort. Kew.
1.162. Lam. Dict.3. 614; Tl. 1. 312) t. 77. Gaertn: Bruct. 1: 158). Sly irs:
Willd. Spec. 1. 672. Elliott, 1.217. Bigel. Fl. Bost. 2 ed. 60. Torr. & Gray, FI.
1. 622. .Dietr. 1.508. Hat. & Wr. 305. Torrey, Fl. N. Y.-1. 237. . Gray, Pl.
Fendl. 47; Manual, 180. Chapman, 140.

L. ramosissima. Walter, 89.

L. ear Michx. Fl. 1. 89. Persoon, 1. 146. Pursh, 110. Roem. &
Schult. Syst. 3.326. Barton, Fl. N. Am. 1. 49, t. 14. Torrey, Fl. U. 8S. 180.
Spreng. Syst. 1. 445.

Rhexia linearifolia. Poir. Dict. 6.2. Pursh, 259. Nutt. Genera, 1. 244. Elliott,
1.440. Eat. & Wr. 391.

L. aurantiaca. Raf. Med. Rep. 5. 353; Desv. Journ. Bot. 1. 223. Poir. Suppl.
722. Roem. & Schult. Syst. 3. 228. Don, Mill. 2. 698. Dietr. 1. 509.
2 L. salicifolia. Poir. Suppl. 3. 512.
L. microcarpa. Wink, Enum, 141.
Isnardia alternifolia. DC. Prodr. 3. 60. Hook. Fl. 1.214. Don, Mill. 2. 697.
Beck, Bot. 119. Hook. Comp. Bot. Mag. 1. 26.
2 L. pruinosa. Raf. Aut. Bot. 38.

L. arcuata. Walter, 89. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 526. Chapman, 142. Gray, Man-
ual, 181. ;

L. pedunculosa. Michx. F]. 1. 88. Persoon, 1.145. Poir. Suppl. 8. 511. Pursh,
111. Roem. & Schult. Syst. 3.825. Elliott, 1.215. Spreng. Syst. 1.445. Dietr.
1.508. Eat. & Wr. 305.

Isnardia pedunculosa. DC. Prodr. 3. 60. Don, 2. 697.

L. capitata. Michx. Fl. 1.90. Persoon, 1. 146. Poir. Suppl. 3. 512. Pursh, 111.
Roem. & Schult. Syst. 3. 827. Elliott, 1.214. Spreng. Syst. 1.445. Torr. & Gray,
Fl. 1.525. Dietr. 1.508. Eat. & Wr. 305. Chapman, 142. Wood, Cl.-Book, 356;
Bot. & Fl. 128.

a:

Ludwigia.] ONAGRACE. 375

L. suffruticosa. Walter, 90.

Tsnardia capitata. DC. Prodr. 2. 60. Don, Mill. 2. 697.
L. cylindrica. Elliott, 1.215. Roem. & Schult. Syst. 3%. 254. Spreng. Neue
Entdeck. 2. 193; Syst. 1.446. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 524. Dietr. 1. 508. Chapman,
141. Gray, Manual, 181; Hall’s Pl. Texas, 9.

? L. glandulosa, Walter, 88.

L. heterophylla. Poir. Suppl. 3.512. Roem. & Schult. Syst. 3. 327.

Isnardia cylindrica. DC. Prodr. 3.61. Don, Mill. 2. 698. Hook. Comp. Bot.
Mag. 1. 26. Eat. & Wr. 285.

Var. (?) brachycarpa. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1.524. Gray, Hall’s Pl. Texas, 9.
Jussicea brachycarpa. Lam. Dict. 3. 331.

L. hirtella. Raf. Desy. Journ. Bot. 1. 223; Med. Rep. 5. 358; Aut. Bot. 38. Poir.
Suppl. 5. 722. Roem. & Schult. Syst. 3.327. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1.522. Walp.
Rep. 2. 74. Engelm. & Gray, Pl. Lindh. 9. Chapman, 141. Gray, Manual, 180 ;
Hall’s Pl. Texas, 9.

L. hirsuta. Pursh, 110. Hook. Comp. Bot. Mag. 1. 26. Dietr. 1. 508.

L. pilosa. Elliott, 1. 216. Spreng. Syst. 1. 445. Torrey, Fl. U. 8. 181.

L. permollis. Barton, Fl. Philad. 1. 52.

Isnardia hirsuta, var. permollis. DC. Prodr. 3. 60.

L. lanceolata. Elliott, 1. 213. Spreng. Neue Entdeck. 2. 192; Syst. 1. 446.
Roem. & Schult. Syst. 32.254. Dietr. 1. 509. Chapman, 142. Wood, Bot. &
F]. 128.
Tsnardia lanceolata. DC. Prodr. 3.61. Don, Mill. 2.698. Eat. & Wr. 285.
L. linearis. Walter, 89. Pursh, 110. Roem. & Schult. Syst. 3.325. Elliott,
1.215. Spreng. Syst. 1. 445. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 528. Dietr. 1. 508. Eat. & Wr.
306. Chapman, 141. Gray, Manual, 181; Hall’s Pl. Texas, 9.
L. angustifolia. Michx. Fl. 1. 88. Persoon, 1. 145. Poir. Suppl. 3. 513.
Isnardia linearis. DC. Prodr. 3.60. Don, Mill. 2.697. Hook. Comp. Bot.
Mag. I. 26.
Var. puberula. Engelm. & Gray, Pl. Lindh. 9.
L. linifolia. Poir. Suppl. 3.518. Roem. & Schult. 1.e. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 525.
Walp. Rep. 2.75. Chapman, 141. Wood, Cl.-Book, 355; Bot. & FI. 127.

L. microcarpa. Michx. Fl. 1.88- Persoon, 1.146. Juss. Ann. Mus. 3. 475

(Koen. Ann. Bot. 1. 540). Elliott, 1. 212. Spreng. Syst. 1. 446. Torr. & Gray, Fl.

1. 525. Dietr. 1. 508. Chapman, 142. Wood, Cl.-Book, 356; Bot. & FI. 128.
Isnardia microcarpa. Poir. Suppl. 3.188. Roem. & Schult. Syst. 3.477. DC.

Prodr. 3. 61. Don, Mill. 2. 698. Hat. & Wr. 285. Griseb. Fl. Brit. W. Ind. 271.
L. glandulosa, Pursh, 111.

L. natans. Elliott, 1.581. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1.526. Eat. & Wr. 306. Walp.
Rep. 2. 75. Gray, Pl. Lindh. 190; Pl. Wright. 1. 72; Hall’s Pl. Texas, 9. Torrey,
Pac. R. Rep. 4.87; Mex. Bound. 66. Chapman, 142. Wood, Cl.-Book, 356; Bot.
& Fl. 27.— Referred to ZL. repens, Swartz (as Zsnardia repens, DC.), by Grisebach,
Fl. Brit. W. Ind. 271.

L. fluitans. Scheele, Linnza, 21. 580.

L. palustris. Elliott, 1. 211. See syn. in Willd. Spec. 1. 680, as Zsnardia. —
Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 525. Dietr. 1. 508. Torrey, Fl. N. Y. 1. 238. Gray, Pl. Fendl.
47; Pl. Lindh. 190 ; Manual, 181; Proc. Am. Acad. 8. 384; Hall’s Pl. Texas, 9. En-
gelm. Pl. Upp. Miss. 192. Chapman, 142. Brew. & Wats. Bot. Calif. 1. 217.
Isnardia palustris. Linn. Spec. 120. Ait. Hort. Kew. 1. 164. Lam. Dict. 5. 315 ;
Ill. 1.312, t. 77. Schkuhr, Handb. 1. 84, t. 25. Persoon, 1. 146. Bigel. Fl. Bost. 61.

376 ONAGRACEZE. [Ludwigia.

Nutt. Genera, 1 98. Roem. & Schult. Syst. 5.476. Torrey, Fl. U.S. 1.182. Hook.
Fl. Bor-Am. 1.215; Comp. Bot. Mag. 1.26. Beck, Bot.120. Eat. & Wr. 285.
Griseb. Fl. Brit. W. Ind. 271.

L. apetala. Walter, 89.

L. nitida. Michx. Fl. 1. 87. Juss. Ann. Mus. 3. 478 (Koen. Ann. Bot. 1. 539).
Persoon, 1. 145. Pursh, 111. Spreng. Syst. 1. 445.

Isnardia nitida. . Poir. Suppl. 3. 188.

¢ Peplis Portula. Schrank, Pfl. Lab. 14. Meyer, Pl. Lab. 73.

Isnardia palustris, var. Americana. DC. Prodr. 3.61. Don, Mill. 2. 698.

Isnardia ascendens. Hall; Eat. & Wr. 285.

L. pilosa. Walter, 89. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1.524. Eat. & Wr. 305. Chapman,

141. Wood, Cl.-Book, 855; Bot. & Fl. 127. |
2 L.rudis. Walter, 89. |
L. hirsuta, Lam. Dict. 3. 614; Ill. 1. 818. Willd. Spee. 1. 673.
L. mollis. Michx. Fl. 1. 90. Juss. ll. ec. Persoon, 1.146. Pursh, 111. Elliott,

1, 214. Spreng. Syst. 1. 445. Dietr. 1. 508. Eat. & Wr. 305.
Isnardia mollis. Poir. Suppl. 3. 188. Roem. & Schult. Syst. 3.476. DC. Prodr.

3. 60. Don, Mill. 2. 697. Hook. Comp. Bot. Mag. r. 26.
Isnardia hirsuta. Poir., Roem. & Schult., DC., & Don, ll. ce. Beck, Bot. 120.

L. polycarpa. Short & Peter, Pl. Kentucky, Suppl. 2.7. Torr. & Gray, FI.
1.525. Eat. & Wr. 306. Walp. Rep. 2. 75. Lesqx. Fl. Ark. 360. Gray, Man-
ual, 180.

L. spathulata. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1.526. Walp. Rep. 2.75. Chapman, 142.
Wood, Cl.-Book, 356; Bot. & FI. 127.

L. spheerocarpa. Elliott, 1.213. Spreng. Neue Entdeck. 2.193. Roem. & Schult.
Syst. 32. 254. Spreng. Syst. 1.446. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 524. Dietr. 1. 509.
Torrey, Fl. N. Y. 1. 238, t. 29. Chapman, 141. Gray, Manual, 180.

Isnardia spherocarpa. DC. Prodr. 3.61. Don, Mill. 2. 698. Eat. & Wr. 285.
L. virgata. Michx. Fl. 1.89. Persoon, 1. 145. oir. Suppl. 3. 512. Pursh, 110.
Roem. & Schult. Syst. 3.327. Elliott, 1.2162 Spreng. Syst. 1.445. Torr. &
Gray, Fl. 1. 523. Dietr. 1. 508. Chapman, 141. Wood, Cl.-Book, 355; Bot. &
Fl. 127.

4 L. alternifolia. Walter, 89.

2 L. tuberosa. Raf. Ann. Nat. 15.

Isnardia virgata. DC. Prodr. 3. 60. Don, Mill. 2. 697. Hook. Comp. Bot. Mag.
I. 26.

2 L. juncea, Raf. Aut. Bot. 38.

L. alternifolia virgata. L. mollis ; pilosa.
angustifolia ; linearis. nitida; palustris.
apetala ; palustris. pedunculosa; arcuata.
aurantiaca ; alternifolia. permollis & pilosa ; hirtella.
decurrens ; Jussiwa decurrens. pruinosa & ramosissima ; alternifolia.
Jiuitans ; natans. rudis ; pilosa.
glandulosa ; cylindrica, microcarpa. salicifolia ; alternifolia.
hirsuta; hirtella, pilosa. suffruticosa ; capitata.
juncea ; virgata. tuberosa ; virgata.
Jjussiceoides ; Jussieea decurrens. uniflora ; Jussieea decurrens.

macrocarpa & microcarpa ; alternifolia.

Cinothera.] ONAGRACE. oll

CGINOTHERA albicaulis. Nutt. in Fraser’s Cat. 1813; Genera, 1. 245. Brad-
bury, Cat. 336. James, Cat.179. Spreng. Syst. 2.228. Torrey, Ann. Lyc. N. Y,
2.201; Nicol. Rep. 150; Frem. Rep. 89 & 315; Emory’s Rep. 140; Stansb. Rep.
387; Pac. R. Rep. 4. 86; Mex. Bound. 65; Bot. Wilkes, 297. Lehmann, Hook. FI.
Bor.-Am. 1. 210. Don, Mill. 2.687. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 495; Pac. R. Rep. 2. 164.
Dietr. 2. 1287. Eat. & Wr. 330. Walp. Rep. 2. 80; Ann. 4. 677. Hook. in Lond.
Journ. Bot. 6. 223. Gray, Pl. Wright. 1.69 & 2.56; Pl. Thurb. 300; Pac. R. Rep.
12.43; Am. Journ. Sci. 2. 33. 405, in part, & 34.533; Proc. Am. Acad. 8. 384.
Durand, Fl. Utah, 164. Engelm. Pl. Upp. Miss. 191; Am. Journ. Sci. 2. 34. 334,
Cooper, Pac. R. Rep. 12. 52. Pl. Bourgeau, 256. Porter, Hayd. Rep. 1870, 476;
1871, 483; Fl. Col. 44. Watson, King’s Rep. 5. 106; Revis. Ginoth. in Proc. Am.
Acad. 8. 582, excl. var. Californica ; Pl. Wheeler, 9. Coulter, Hayd. Rep. 1872, 767.
Brew. & Wats. Bot. Calif. 1. 223.

. pallida. Lindl. Bot. Reg. 14, t. 1142. Lehm. in Hook. FI. Bor.-Am. 1. 210.
Don, Mill. 2.687. Torr. & Gray, Fl.1.495. Eat. & Wr. 330. Dietr. 2. 1287.
Walp. Rep. 2. 80. Hook. in Lond. Journ. Bot. 6. 222.

CE. Nuttallii. Sweet, Hort. Brit. 2 ed. 199.

Baumannia Nuttalliana & Douglasiana. Spach, Hist. Veg. 4. 352.

Anogra Nuttalliana & Douglasiana. Spach, Monogr. Onagr. 20 & 21.

CE. pinnatifida, var. integrifolia. Gray, Pl. Fendl. 44. Torr. Pac. R. Rep. 7. 11.

Var. runcinata. Engelm. in Am. Journ. Sci. 2. 34. 334. Watson, 1. c. 682.

CE. pinnatifida. Gray, Pl. Fendl. 44, in part. Torrey, Emory’s Rep. 140.

Var. brevifolia. Engelm. 1. c. 335. Watson, 1. ¢.
Var. (?) decumbens. Watson, Am. Naturalist, 9. 270.

Ga. alyssoides. Hook. & Arn. Bot. Beechey, 340. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 511;
Pac. R. Rep. 2. 121. Hook. Icon. t. 339. Torrey, Frem. Rep. 315, in part. An-
derson, Cat. Pl. Nev. 120. Watson, King’s Rep. 5.111; Rev. Ginoth. 591; Pl.
Wheeler, 9. Brew. & Wats. Bot. Calif. 1. 226.

Spherostigma alyssoides. Walp. Rep. 2. 78.

Var. villosa. Watson, Rev. Ginoth. 591. Brew. & Wats. l. ec. 227.
(EZ. scapoidea. Torrey, Stansb. Rep. 387, in part.

Var. minutiflora. Watson,1.c. Brew. & Wats. I. ¢c.

CGH. andina. Nutt.; Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1.512. Watson, King’s Rep. 5. 112; Rev.
C£noth. 594, Coulter, Hayd. Rep. 1872, 767. Torrey, Bot. Wilkes, 298. Brew. &
Wats. Bot. Calif. 1. 226.

Spheerostigma andina. Walp. Rep. 2. 79.

GS. arborea. Kellogg, Proc. Calif. Acad. 2. 32. Watson, Rey. CEnoth. 596.
(Lower California.)

G3. biennis. Linn. Spec. 346. Hill, Veg. Syst. 9. 4, t. 3, f. 2. Oceder, Fl. Dan.
3, t. 446. Ait. Hort. Kew. 2. 2. Plenck, Icon. Pl. Med. 3,t. 295. Lam. TIl.
2. 421, t. 279, f.1; Dict. 4.550. Willd. Spec. 2. 806. Michx. Fl. 1. 224. Per-
soon, 1. 407. Pursh, 261. Bigel. Fl. Bost. 90. Nutt. Genera, 1. 245. Elliott,
1.441. James, Long’s Exped. 2. 343. Torrey, Fl. U. S. 387; Ann. ye: N. Y¥.2: 201;
Fl. N. Y. 1. 234; Nicol. Rep. 150; Frem. Rep. 89; Sitgr. Rep. 159; Bot. Wilkes,
297. Spreng. Syst. 2.227. Seringe, DC. Prodr. 3. 46. Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am. 1. 209 ;
Comp. Bot. Mag. tr. 25. Don, Mill. 2.685. Beck, Bot. 118. Hook. & Arn. Bot.
Beechey, 141. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 492. Eat. & Wr. 330. Ledeb. FI. Ross. 2. 112,
with syn. Gray, Pl. Fendl. 43; Pac. R. Rep. 12. 43; Ives’s Rep. 11; Manual, 178.
Parry, Pl. Minn. 612. Engelm. Pl. Upp. Miss. 192. Tuckerman, Josselyn’s Rari-
ties, 87. Cooper, Pac. R. Rep. 12. 61. Chapman, 138. PI. Bourgeau, 256. An-

3718 ONAGRACE. [Canothera.

derson, Cat. Pl. Nev. 120. Porter, Hayd. Rep. 1870, 476; 1871, 483; FI. Col. 44.
Watson, King’s Rep. 5. 106; Rev. Génoth. 579; Pl. Wheeler, 9. Coulter, Hayd.
Rep. 1872, 767. Rothr. Pl. Wheeler, 39. Brew. & Wats. Bot. Calif. 1. 225.

(CE. parviflora. Winn. Spec. 2 ed. 492. Hill, Veg. Syst. 11, t. 9, f. 3. Ait. Hort.
Kew. 2.2. Lam. Dict. 4.551. Willd. Spec. 2. 506. Persoon, 1. 408. Pursh, 261.
Torrey, Fl. U. S. 888. Spreng. Syst. 2.227. Seringe, DC. Prodr. 3.47. Don,
Mill. 2. 685. Beck, Bot. 118. Eat. & Wr. 330. -Dietr. 2. 1286.

Onagra biennis. Scopoli, Fl. Carn. 2 ed. n. 451. Moench, Meth. 675. Gaertn.
Fruct. t. 32.

(2. gauroides. Hornem. Hort. Hafn. 862. Seringe, DC. Prodr. 3. 52. Don,
Mill. 2. 686. Dietr. 2. 1286.

2 Onosuris acuminata. Raf. Fl. Lud. 96. Seringe, DC. Prodr. 3. 64. Don, Mill.
2. 700.

Onagra vulgaris & chrysantha. Spach, |. c. 83 & 35; Hist. Veg. 4. 362.

Var. grandiflora. Lindl. Bot. Reg. 19, t. 1604. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 492. Ru-
precht, Bull. Acad. Petersb. 14. 237 (Bull. Soc. Bot. Fr. 3. 487). Gray, Manual,
178. Watson, King’s Rep. 5. 106; Rey. Ginoth. 579. Buchan, Can. Naturalist,
14. 294. Brew. & Wats. Bot. Calif. 1. 223. :

CE. grandiflora. Ait. Hort. Kew. 2.2. Bartram, Travels, 406. Lam. Dict.
4.554. Willd. Spec. 2. 306. St. Hil. Pl. France, 2,t.130. Pursh, 261. Sims,
Bot. Mag. t. 2068. Elliott, 1.442. Barton, Fl. N. Am. 1. 21,t.6. Torrey, FI.
U.S. 888. Spreng. Syst. 2.227. Seringe, DC. Prodr. 3.46. Don, Mill. 2. 686.
Beck, Bot. 118. Eat. & Wr. 830. Dietr. 2. 1285. Griseb. Pl. Lorentz. 94.

(E. suaveolens. Desf. Tabl. 169. Persoon, 1. 408. Poir. Suppl. 4. 141. Seringe,
DC. Prodr. 3. 46. Don, Mill. 2.685. Eat. & Wr. 332. Dietr. 2. 1285.

(. Lamarckiana. Seringe, DC. Prodr. 3. 46. Don, Mill. 2. 685. Eat. & Wr.
3832. Dietr. 2.1285. Lemaire, Ill. Hort. 9, t. 318.

Var. muricata. Lindl. Bot. Reg. 19, under t. 1604. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 492.
Gray, Manual, 178.

(@. muricata. Linn. Syst. 12 ed. 263. Murray, Comm. Goett. 6. 24, t.1. Lam.
Dict. 4. 551. Willd. Spec. 2. 807. Persoon, 1.408. Ait. f. Hort. Kew. 2. 341.
Pursh, 261. Elliott, 1.441. Hornem. Fl. Dan. 10, t.1752. Torrey, Fl. U.S. 388.
Seringe, DC. Prodr. 3.47. Don, Mill. 2. 685. Beck, Bot. 118. Eat. & Wr. 330.
Ruprecht, Bull. Acad. Petersb. 1856, 14. 257 (Bull. Soc. Bot. France, 3. 457).

Onagra muricata. Moench, Meth. 675.

Var. canescens. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1.492. Gray, Pl. Fendl. 43. Newberry,
Pac. R. Rep. 6. 74.
2 (E. pubescens. Nees, Pl. Neuwied, 9.
Var. hirsutissima. Gray, Pl. Fendl. 43; Pl. Wright. 1. 69 & 2. 56. Torrey,
Mex. Bound. 65. Watson, Rev. Ginoth. 579. Brew. & Wats. Bot. Calif. 1. 223.
CE. odorata 2. Hook. & Arn. Bot. Beechey, 545.
(2. Hookeri. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1.493. Walp. Rep. 2. 81.
(E. biennis. Torrey, Emory’s Rep. 140; Mex. Bound. 65. Gray, Proc. Bost.
Soc. Nat. Hist. 7. 146.
Var. cruciata. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 492. Gray, Manual, 178. Watson, l. c. 579.
E. cruciata. Nutt.; Don, Mill. 2. 686.
GS. bistorta. Nutt.; Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 508. Torrey, Pac. R. Rep. 7. 11; Mex.
Bound. 66. Watson, Rev. Gnoth. 592. Brew. & Wats. Bot. Calif. 1. 225.
. Holostigma Botte. Spach, Monagr. Onagr. 16.
Spheerostigma bistorta. Walp. Rep. 2. 77.
2. cheiranthifolia. Gray, Ives’s Rep. 12.

|
|

C&nothera.] ONAGRACEZ. 379

Jar, (?) Veitchiana. Hook. Bot. Mag. t. 5078 (Gard. Chron. 1858, 844).
L’Hort. Fr. 1859, t. 3. Journ. d’Hort. 3, t.2. Watson, l. c. 598. Brew. & Wats.
Bot. Calif. 1. 225.

CE. graciliflora. Torrey, Pac. R. Rep. 4. 87.
G. Boothii. Dougl.; Lehm. in Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am. 1.213. Don, Mill. 2. 684.
Spach, Monogr. Onagr. 16. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1.509. Eat. & Wr. 331. Dietr.
2.1285. Watson, King’s Rep. 5. 110; Rev. Ginoth. 591; Pl. Wheeler, 9. Brew. &
Wats: Bot. Calif. 1. 227.

2. pygmea. Dougl.; Lehm. in Hook. FI. Bor. ees 1. 218. Don, Mill. 2. 685
Spach, Monogr. Onagr. 16. Eat. & Wr. 551. Dietr. 2. 1285.
Spherostigma Boothii. Walp. Rep. 2. 77.
G3. brachycarpa. Gray, Pl. Wright. 1.70 & 2.57; Proc. Am. Acad. 8. 384.
Torrey, Mex. Bound. 65. Walp. Ann. 4. 676. Watson, Rev. Ginoth. 586.

? CE. marginata, var. purpurea. Watson, King’s Rep. 5. 108. Portér, Hayd. Rep.
1871, 483. Coulter, same, 1872, 767.
Gi. breviflora. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1.506. Walp. Rep. 2.85. Watson, King’s
Rep. 5. 109; Rey. Ginoth. 588. Porter, Fl. Col. 46. Brew. & Wats. Bot. Calif.
1. 224.

2. Nuttallii. Torrey, Frem. Rep. 89. Gray, Proc. Acad. Philad. 1865, 61.
GS. brevipes. Gray, Pac. R. Rep. 4. 87; Ives’s Rep. 12. Watson, Rey. Ginoth.
595. Parry, Am. Naturalist, 9.271. Brew. &-Wats. Bot. Calif. 1. 227. -

(2. claveformis. Torrey, Mex. Bound. 66, in part.

Var. parviflora. Watson, Am. Naturalist, 9.271; Brandegee, Fl. 8. W. Col.
236. Parry, Am. Naturalist, 9. 19.

Gi. cespitosa. Nutt. in Fraser’s Cat. 1813; Genera, 1. 246. “Sims, Bot. Mag,
t. 1593. Pursh, (eon Poir. Suppl. 5. 743. James, Cat. 180. Spreng. Syst. 2. 230.
Seringe, DC. Prodr. 3. 46. Don, Mill. 2.687. Torr. & Gray, Fl.1.500. Eat. &
Wr. 532. Dietr. 2. 2 87. Torrey, Nicol. Rep. 150; Stansb. Rep. 387. Hook. in
Lond. Journ. Bot. 6.223. Engelm. Pl. Upp. Miss. 191. Gray, Pac. R. Rep. 12. 43;
Proc. Am. Acad. 8. 384. Durand, Fl. Utah, 164. Porter, Hayd. Rep. 1870, 476;
Fl. Col. 45. Watson, Rev. Ginoth. 585. Rothr. Pl. Wheeler, 40. Brew. & Wats.
Bot. Calif. 1. 224.

CE. scapigera. Pursh, 263. Poir. Suppl. 5. 743. Link, Enum. 1. 377.

Pachylophis Nuttalliit. Spach, Monogr. Onagr. 36, t.30,£1; Hist. Veg. 4. 365,
t. 86, f. 1.

(HE. montana. Nutt.; Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1.500. Walp. Rep. 2.83. Torrey,
Frem. Rep. 315; Stansb. Rep. 387. Gray, Pl. Fendl. 45. Engelm. 1. c. ror.

CE. marginata. Nutt.; Hook. & Arn. Bot. Beechey, 342. Torr. & Gray, FI.
1. 500; Pac. R. Rep. 2. 120. Walp. Rep. 2. 83. Torrey, Stansb. Rep. 387; Mex.
Bound. 65. Gray, Proc. Acad. Philad. 1863, 61. Hook. f. Bot. Mag. t. 5828.
Anderson, Cat. Pl. Nev. 120. Watson, King’s Rep. 5. 108. Porter, Hayd. Rep.
1871, 483. Coulter, same, 1872, 767.

(i. eximia. Gray, Pl. Fendl. 45; Ives’s Rep. 11. Walp. Ann. 2. 533.
G3. Californica. Watson, Bot. Calif. 1. 223.

CE. albicaulis, var. Californica. Watson, Rev. Ginoth. 582.
GG. canescens. Torrey, Frem. Rep. 315 (Bot. Zeit. 5. 44). Gray, Pl. Fendl. 44;
Pl. Wright. 1.70. Walp. Ann. 1.292. Watson, 1. c. 587. Porter, Fl. Col. 45.

2. guttulata. Hook. in Lond. Journ. Bot. 6. 222.
Gi. cardiophylla. Torrey, Pac. R. Rep. 5. 360; Mex. Bound. 66. Watson, Rev.
GEnoth. 595. Brew. & Wats. Bot. Calif. 1. 227

380 ONAGRACEZ. [Cnothera.

GS. chamezenerioides. Gray, Pl. Wright. 2. 58; Pl. Thurb. 298; Ives’s Rep. 12.
Walp. Ann. 4. 677. Torrey, Mex. Bound. 66. Watson, Rey. Ginoth. 593.

Gs. cheiranthifolia. Hornemann, Hort. Hafn. Suppl. Spreng. Syst. 2. 228,
Lindl. Bot. Reg. 12, t. 1040. Seringe, DC. Prodr. 3. 46. Don, Mill. 2. 684, £. 95.
Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1.509. Dietr. 2. 1284. Benth. Bot. Sulph. 15. Torrey, Pac. R.
Rep. 7. 11; Bot. Wilkes, 298. Watson, Rev. Ginoth. 592. Brew. & Wats. Bot.
Calif. 1. 225. :

(. spiralis. Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am. 1. 215. Don, Mill. 2. 685. Spach, Monogr.
Onagr. 16. Hook. & Arn. Bot. Beechey, 141 & 341. Eat. & Wr. 332. Dietr.
2. 1285.

Holostigma cheiranthifolium. Spach, 1. ec. 15.

Agassizia cheiranthifolia. Spach, Hist. Veg. 4. 348.

Spheerostigma cheiranthifolium. Fisch. & Mey. Ind. Sem. Petrop. 2. 25 (Litt.-Ber.
zu Linnea, 1857, 120). Walp. Rep. 2. 77. Gay, FI. Chil. 2. 380.

Spherostigma spirale. Fisch. & Mey. 1. ce.

(2. viridescens. Torrey, Pac. R. Rep. 4. 87.

(2. contorta. Bolander, Cat. 12.

Var. suffruticosa. Watson, Rev. Ginoth. 592. Brew. & Wats. 1. ec.

(2. viridescens. Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am. 1. 214... Don, Mill. 2.685. Spach, Monogr.
Onagr. 16. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 508. Eat. & Wr. 332. Bolander, Cat. 12.

Spherostigma viridescens. Walp. Rep. 2. 77.
GS. coronopifolia. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1.495. Walp. Rep. 2.80. Gray, Pl.
Fendl. 43; Pl. Wright. 2.57; Pac. R. Rep. 12. 43; Am. Journ. Sci. 2. 34. 333 ;
Proc. Acad. Philad. 1863, 61. Hook. in Lond. Journ. Sci. 6. 222. Torrey, Sitgr.
Rep. 159; Pac. R. Rep. 4. 86 & 7.11; Mex. Bound. 65. Engelm. Pl. Upp. Miss.
191; Am. Journ. Sci. 2. 34. 333. Porter, Hayd. Rep. 1870, 476; Fl. Col. 44. Wat-
son, King’s Rep. 5. 106; Rev. Ginoth. 582. Rothr. Pl. Wheeler, 4o.

Q. pinnatifida. Taree. Long’s Exped. 2. 154. Torrey, Ann. Lyc. N. Y. 2. 201.

Gi. dentata. Cavanilles, Icon. 4. 67, t. 398. Ruiz & Pav. Fl. Peruv. 3. 81,
t. 317. Jindl. Coll. Bot.t.10. Seringe, DC. Prodr. 3. 46. Presl, Rel. Henk.
2. 31. Don, Mill. 2.684. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1.511. Dietr. 2. 1284. Torrey,
Pac. R. Rep. 4. 87. Gray, Ives’s Rep. 12. Anderson, Cat. Pl. Nev. 120. Watson,
Rey. Ginoth. 593. Brew. & Wats. Bot. Calif. 1. 226.

Holostigma argutum. Spach, Monogr. Onagr. 13.

Spheerostigma dentata. Walp. Rep. 2.78. Gay, Fl. Chil. 2. 826.

Var. cruciata. Watson, 1. c. 594. Brew. & Wats. l.c.
(2. strigulosa. Benth. Pl. Hartw. 310.

G3. Drummondii. Hook. Bot. Mag. t. 3361 (Ann. Sci. Nat. 2. 5. 296). Spach,
Monogr. Onagr. 28; Hist. Veg. 4. 356. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1.493. Dietr. 2. 1290.
Walp. Rep. 2. 81. Torrey, Frem. Rep. 89. Engelm. & Gray, Pl. Lindh. 8. Gray,
same, 189. Scheele, Roem. Texas, 430. Watson, Rev. Ginoth. 580. Young, FI.
Texas, 266.

? CE. sinuata, var. humifusa. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 5. 158.
Gh. Fremonti. Watson, Rey. Génoth. 587.

GQ. Wrightii. Torrey, Mex. Bound. 65, in part.
GE. fruticosa. Linn. Spec. 346. Hill, Veg. Syst. 11, t. 10, f. 3. L’Her. Stirp.
Nov. 2,t.5. Walter, 129. Ait. Hort. Kew. 2.4. Lam. Dict. 4. 550. Moench,
Meth. 677. Willd. Spec. 2.310. Persoon, 1.409. Pursh, 262. Nutt. Genera,
1. 247. - Elliott, 1.442. Torrey, Fl. U. S. 389; Fl. N. Y. 1.234. Spreng. Syst.
2.229. Lehm. in Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am. 1. 212. Don, Mill. 2. 689. Beck, Bot. 118.

CGinothera.] ONAGRACE. 381

Hook. Bot. Mag. under t. 3545, excl. var. y. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1.496. Chap-
man, 139. Gray, Struct. Bot. 419, f. 822-825; Manual, 179. Watson, Rev.
noth. 583.

(E. mollissima. Walter, 129.

(2. Florida. Salisb. Prodr. 278.

(2. tetragona. Roth, Cat. Bot. 2. 89; Beitrig. Bot. 1.200; Ann. Bot. 2. 30.
Hornem. Hort. Hafn. Suppl. 1. 44. Seringe, DC. Prodr. 3. 52. Don, Mill. 2. 690.
Eat. & Wr. 552.

(E. hybrida. Michx. FI. 1. 225. Persoon, 1. 408. Pursh, 262. Poir. Suppl.
4,143. Elliott, 1.442. Spreng. Syst. 2.229. Seringe, DC. Prodr 3. 50. Don, Mill.
2. 689. Beck, Bot. 119. Eat: & Wr. 351. Dietr 2. 1288.

Kneiffia suffruticosa & floribunda. Spach, Monogr Onagr. 45 & 46; Hist. Veg.
4, 374 & 376.

CE. fruticosa, var. Indica. Lindl. Bot. Reg. 27, t. 11.

Var. linearis. Watson, Rey. Ginoth. 584.

CE. linearis. Michx. Fl. 1. 225. Persoon, 1.409. Pursh, 262. Poir. Suppl.
4,144, Elliott, 1.444. Nutt. Genera, 1. 248. Spreng. Syst. 2. 250. Seringe, DC.
Prodr. 3.51. Don, Mill. 2. 689. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1.497. Eat. & Wr. 332. Tor-
rey, Fl. N. Y. 1. 235. Chapman, 139. Gray, Manual, 179, in part.

(2. fruticosa, var. (?) linearifolia. Hook. Bot. Mag. under t. 3545.

2 (EZ. media. Link, Enum. 1. 377. Seringe, DC. Prodr. 5.49. Don, Mill.
2.686. Eat. & Wr. 332. Dietr. 2. 1286.

2. riparia. Nutt. Genera, 1.247. Spreng. Syst. 2.229. Seringe, DC. Prodr.
3. 52. Don, Mill. 2.690. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1.497. Hat. & Wr. 331. Chapman,
139. Gray, Manual, 179.

Kneiffia angustifolia, & maculata? Spach, Monogr. Onagr. 46 & 47.

Onagra Linkiana. Spach, 1. e. 34.

- Kneiffia linearis. Spach, Hist. Veg. 4. 376.
Var. ambigua. Nutt. Genera, 1. 247. Torrey, Fl. U. S. 389. Hook. Bot. Mag.
t. 3545. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 496. Watson, Rev. Ginoth. 584.

2. ambigua. Spreng. Syst. 2.229. Seringe, DC. Prodr. 3. 50. Don, Mill.
2.689. Beck, Bot. 118. Dietr. 2. 1289.

(2. Canadensis. Goldie, Edinb. Phil. Journ. 6. 325. Seringe, DC. Prodr. 3. 52.
Kat. & Wr. 331.

Var. phyllopus. Hook. Fl. Bor-Am. 1. 212; Bot. Mag. under t. 8545. Torr. &
Gray, Fl. 1. 496.
(!. fruticosa. Sims, Bot. Mag. t. 332.
(. serotina. D.Don in Sweet’s Brit. Fl. Gard. 2 ser. t. 184. Sweet, Hort.
Brit. t.152. Lindl. Bot. Reg. 22, t.1840. Don, Mill. 2. 689.

Var. incana. Hook. ll. ce. Torr. & Gray, FI. 1. 496.

CE. incana. Nutt. Genera, 1. 247. Torrey, Fl. U. S. 389. Spreng. Syst. 2. 229.
Seringe, DC. Prodr. 3. 52. Don, Mill. 2. 690. Beck, Bot. 119. Eat. & Wr. 331.
Var. hirsuta. Nutt.; Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 496.
CE. pilosella. Raf. Ann. Nat. 15.
Var. humifusa. Allen, Torr. Bot. Bull. 1.2. Watson, Rev. Génoth. 584.
(E. linearis, var. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 497.
(2. linearis. Gray, Manual, 179, in part.
GS. gaureeflora. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1.510. Torrey, Mex. Bound. 66. Gray,
Ives’s Rep. 12% Watson, Rev. Ginoth. 591. Brew. & Wats. Bot. Calif. 1. 227.
Gaura decorticans. Hook. & Arn. Bot. Beechey, 343.

oo

82 ONAGRACEZ. [Cinothera.

Spheerostigma gaureflorum. Walp. Rep. 2. 78.
(E. Nevadensis. Kellogg, Proc. Calif. Acad. 2. 224, f. '70.

oD?)
G&. glauca. Michx. Fl. 1.224. Persoon, 1.408. Pursh in Sims, Bot. Mag.
t. 1606; Fl. 262. Poir. Suppl. 4, 143. Nutt. Genera, 1. 247. Spreng. Syst. 2. 229,
Seringe, DC. Prodr. 3. 50. Don, Mill. 2.689. Lindl. Bot. Reg. 18, t.1511. Torr.
& Gray, Fl. 1.497. Eat. & Wr. 332. Chapman, 138. Gray, Manual, 179. Wat-
son, Rev. Ginoth. 584.
Kneiffia glauca. Spach, Monogr. Onagr. 45; Hist. Veg. 4. 374.
Var. Fraseri. Torr. & Gray, FI. 1. 497.

CE. Fraseri. Pursh in Sims, Bot. Mag. t.1674; Fl. 734. Poir. Suppl. 5. 748.
Elliott, 1.443. Spreng. Syst. 2.229. Seringe, DC. Prodr. 3.51. Maund, Bot.
Gard. 4, t.163. Don, Mill. 2. 689. Eat. & Wr. 332. Dietr. 2. 1289,

Kneiffia Fraseri. Spach, Monogr. Onagr. 46; Hist. Veg. 4. 375.

QE. fruticosa, var. Fraseri. Wook. Bot. Mag. under t. 3545.

Gi. graciliflora. Hook. & Arn. Bot. Beechey, 341. Torr. & Gray, FI. 1. 507.
Hook. Icon. t. 338. Walp. Rep. 2. 86. Benth. Pl. Hartw. 310. Bolander, Cat.
12. Watson, Rev. Ginoth. 589. Brew. & Wats. Bot. Calif. 1. 225.

GG. Greggii. Gray, Pl. Fendl. 46; Pl. Wright. 1.72. Walp. Ann. 2. 533. Wat-
son, Rev. Génoth. 590; Pl. Wheeler, 9.

2. Lampasana. Buckley, Proc. Acad. Philad. 1861, 454; referred to @. Hart-
wegi, var., by Gray, same, 1862, 163.
Gi. Guadalupensis. Watson, Proc. Am. Acad. 11. 116 & 187. Brew. & Wats.
Bot. Calif. 1. 226. (Guadalupe Island.)

GS. Hartwegi. Benth. Pl. Hartw.5. Gray, Pl. Fendl. 46; Pl. Wright. 1. 72
& 2. 58. Torrey, Sitgr. Rep. 159; Mex. Bound. 66. Watson, Rev. Ginoth. 590.

Var. lavanduleefolia. Watson, 1.c. Porter, Fl. Col. 44.

2. lavandulefolia. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 501; Pac. R. Rep. 2. 164. Walp. Rep.
2.85. Gray, Pl. Fendl. 46; Pl. Wright. 1. 72 & 2. 58; Am. Journ. Sci. 2. 33. 405.
Hook. in Lond. Journ. Bot. 6. 223. Torrey, Marcy’s Rep. 285; Mex. Bound. 66.
Engelm. Pl. Upp. Miss. 192.

Var. Fendleri. Gray, Pl. Wright. 1. 72 & 2. 58; Pl. Thurb. 300. Torr. & Gray,
Pac. R. Rep. 2. 164. Watson, l. ec.
(2. Fendleri. Gray, Pl. Fendl. 45. Walp. Ann. 2. 533.

Gi. heterantha. Nutt. in Journ. Acad. Philad. 7.22. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 507.
Eat. & Wr. 331. Walp. Rep. 2. 86. Gray, Pl. Fendl. 45;-Pl. Wright. 1. 70. Wat-
son, King’s Rep. 5. 110; Rev. Ginoth. 589; Pl. Wheeler, 9. Porter, Hayd. Rep.
1871, 483. Coulter, same, 1872, 767. Torrey, Bot. Wilkes, 298. Brew. & Wats.
Bot. Calif. 1. 224.

Jussica subacaulis. Pursh, 304. Poir. Suppl. 5.718. Spreng. Syst. 2. 230.
Don, Mill. 2. 692. Eat. & Wr. 289.

(2. triloba. Hook. in Lond. Journ. Bot. 6. 228.

Var. (?) taraxacifolia. Watson, Rev. noth. 589. Brew. & Wats. 1. c. 225.

Ga. heterophylla. Spach, Monogr. Onagr. 28. Walp. Rep. 2. 81. Watson, Rev.
(Enoth. 580.
.@. bifrons. TD. Don in Sweet, Brit. Fl. Gard. 2 ser. t. 386. Hook. Bot. Mag.

t. 3764. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 492. Dietr. 2.1290. Walp. Rep. 2.81. Gray, Pl.
Wright. 1. 69; Hall’s Pl. Texas, 9. Young, Fl. Texas, 266.

(2. rhombipetala. Engelm. & Gray, Pl. Lindh. 8. Dur. & Hilg. in Pac. R.
Rep. 5. 7.

@. Leona. Buckley, Proc. Acad. Philad. 1861, 163; fide Gray, same, 1862, 163.

85

co

Ginothera.| ONAGRACE.

Gi. humifusa. Nutt. Genera, 1. 245. Spreng. Syst. 2. 228. Seringe, DC. Prodr.
3. 47. Don, Mill. 2. 687. Spach, Monogr. Onagr. 30. Eat. & Wr. 382. Watson,
Rey. Génoth. 580.

CE. sinuata, var. humifusa. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1.494. Chapman, 138. A. H.
Smith, Proc. Acad. Philad. 1867, 19.
Gi. Jamesii. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 493. Walp. Rep. 2. 81. Gray, Pl. Lindh. 189;
Pl. Wright. 1.69. Torrey, Sitgr. Rep. 175; Pac. R. Rep. 4. 86; Mex. Bound. 65.
Watson, Rev. Génoth. 579.
G. Johnsoni. Watson, Am. Naturalist, 9.270. Parry, same, 9. 18.

Gi. linifolia. Nutt. in Journ. Acad. Philad. 2. 120 (Litt.-Ber. zu Linnea, 1829,
40). Seringe, DC. Prodr. 3.50. Don, Mill..2.690. Torr. & Gray, FI. 1. 499.
Eat. & Wr. 332. Dietr. 2.1288. Engelm. & Gray, PL Lindh. 8. Chapman, 139.
Gray, Hall’s Pl. Texas, 9. Young, Fl. Texas, 268. Watson, Rev. Ginoth. 583.
Kneiffia linifoha. Spach, Monogr. Onagr. 48. ‘
G. macrosceles. Gray, Pl. Fendl. 43. Walp. Amn. 2. 533. Watson, 1. c. 588.
(Northern Mexico.)
Gi. micrantha. Hornem. Hort. Hafn. Suppl. Spreng. Syst. 2.228. Hook. &
Arn. Bot. Beechey, 341. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1.509. Watson, Rev. Ginoth. 593.
Brew. & Wats. Bot. Calif. 1. 226.
2. dentata. Seringe, DC. Prodr. 3. 46, in part.
. hirta. Wink, Enum. 1.378. Don, Mill. 2. 684.
| Spherostigma micranthum. Walp. Rep. 2. 77.
CE. cheiranthifolia, & strigulosa in part. Torrey, Pac. R. Rep. 4. 87.
(E. bistorta. Gray, Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist. 7. 146.

!

| Gi. Missouriensis. Sims, Bot. Mag. t. 1592, & under t. 1674. Don, Mill. 2. 689.
| Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 500; Pac. R. Rep. 2. 164. Torrey, Krem. Rep. 89 & 315; Pac.
| R. Rep. 4. 86; Mex. Bound. 65, in part. Gray, Pl. Lindh. 188; Pl. Wright. 1. 70;
| Proce. Acad. Philad. 1865, 61; Hall’s Pl. Texas,9. Engelm. in Wisliz. Rep. 3.
| Burnett, Encye. Pl. 2, t. 198. Wood, Cl.-Book, 353 ; Bot. & Fl. 126. Watson, Rev.
. Cénoth. 587. Porter, Fl. Col. 45.

. Megapterium Missouriense. Spach, Monogr. Onagr. 31; Hist. Veg. 4. 364.

(2. Drummondii. Hook. in Lond. Journ. Bot. 6. 221.

Var. latifolium. Gray, Pl. Lindh. 188.

(E. macrocarpa. Pursh, 734. Poir. Suppl. 5.748. Bradbury, Cat. 336. James,
Long’s Exped. 2.324. Maund, Bot. Gard. 1,t.41. Torrey, Ann. Lyc. N. Y.
2.201. Sweet, Brit. Fl. Gard. t.5. Spreng. Syst. 2.229. Seringe, DC. Prodr.
3.47. Don, Mill. 2. 689. Hat. & Wr. 332. Dietr. 2. 1286. Scheele, Roem.
Texas, 430. Rev. Hort. 6. 597, f. 182.

(. alata. Nutt. Genera, 1. 248. James, Cat. 180.

Megapterium Nuttall. Spach, Monogr. Onagr. 31; Hist. Veg. 4. 564.

Var. ineana. Gray, Pl. Lindh. 189. Torrey, Pac. R. Rep. 4. 86.

GS. multijuga. Watson, Am. Naturalist, 7. 300; Rev. Ginoth. 595.

G3. Nuttallii. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1.506. Walp. Rep. 2.86. Watson, King’s
Rep. 5. 110; Rev. Ginoth. 589. Brew. & Wats. Bot. Calif. 1. 224.

@. tanacetifolia. Torr. & Gray, Pac. R. Rep. 2. 121, t. 4 (Regensb. Flora,
41. 622). Newberry, Pac. R. Rep. 6. 74. Anderson, Cat. Pl. Nev. 120. Watson,
King’s Rep. 5. 110; Pl. Wheeler, 9.

CG&. Oakesiana. Robbins, in herb.
(2. biennis, var. Oakesiana. Gray, Manual, 178. Watson, Rev. Génoth. 579.

384 ONAGRACES. [Cnothera.

CG}. ovata. Nutt.; Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 507. Walp. Rep. 2. 86. Benth. Pl. Hartw.
310. Torrey, Pac. R. Rep. 4.87. Boland. Cat.12. Watson, Rev. Cinoth. 589.
Brew. & Wats. Bot. Calif. 1. 225.

G:. Palmeri. Watson, Proc. Am. Acad. 12. 251.

C&. Parryi. Watson, Am. Naturalist, 9.270. Parry, same, 9. 20.

G2. pinnatifida. Nutt. Genera, 1.245. James, Cat. 179. Spreng. Syst. 2. 229.
Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1.494. Eat. & Wr. 332. . Dietr. 2.1289. Walp. Rep. 2. 79.
Torrey, Nicol. Rep. 150. Nees, Pl. Neuwied, 9. Gray, Pl. Fendl. 43; Am. Journ.
Sci. 2. 34. 833; Proc. Acad. Philad. 1863, 61. Hook. in Lond. Journ. Bot. 6. 221.
Engelm. Pl. Upp. Miss. 191; Am. Journ. Sci. 2. 34. 333. Porter, Hayd. Rep. 1870,
476; Fl. Col. 44. Watson, Rev. Génoth. 581. Rothr. Pl. Wheeler, 4o.

(. albicaulis. Pursh, 783; not Nutt. Poir. Suppl. 5. 743. Seringe, DC. Prodr.
3.51. Torrey, Mex. Bound. 65. Gray, Ives’s Rep. 11; Am. Journ. Sci. 2. 33. 405,
in part.

Baumannia pinnatifida. Spach, Hist. Veg. 4, 353.

(. Purshi. Don, Mill. 2. 688.

i. coronopifolia. Gray, Pl. Wright. 2. 56.

CG. primiveris. Gray, Pl. Wright. 2.58; Pl. Thurb. 298; Ives’s Rep. 11. Walp.
Aun. 4. 677. Torrey, Mex. Bound. 65. Watson, Rey. Ginoth. 586.

CS. pterosperma. - Watson, King’s Rep. 5. 112, t. 14; Rev. Ginoth. 595. Brew.
& Wats. Bot. Calif. 1. 228.

G3. pumila. Linn. Spec. 2 ed. 493. Hill, Veg. Syst. 11, t.10,f.4. Ait. Hort.
Kew. 2.4. Lam. Dict. 4. 553. Curtis, Bot. Mag.t. 355. Willd. Spec. 2. 310.
Persoon, 1. 409. Pursh, 262. Bigel. Fl. Bost. 91. Elliott, 1.444. Torrey, FI.
U. S. 390; Fl. N. Y. 1.236. Maund, Bot. Gard.1,t.35. Spreng. Syst. 2. 230.
Lehm. in Hook. FI. Bor.-Am. 1. 212. Don, Mill. 2.689. Beck, Bot. 119. Torr.
& Gray, Fi. 1. 498. Eat. & Wr. 331. Chapman, 139. Pl. Bourgeau, 256. Gray,
Manual, 179. Watson, Rev. Ginoth. 585.

(2. pusilla. Michx. Fl. 1. 225. Persoon, 1. 409. Pursh, 263. Poir. Suppl.
4.144. Nutt. Genera, 1. 248. Torrey, Fl. U. S. 390. Spreng. Syst. 2. 250. Se-
ringe, DC. Prodr. 3. 51. Don, Mill. 2. 690. Beck, Bot. 119. Eat. & Wr. 331.

(E. chrysantha. Michx. Fl. 1. 225. Persoon, 1. 409. Pursh, 263. Poir. Suppl.
4.144. Elliott, 1.444. Torrey, FI. U. S. 390; Fl. N. Y. 1.235. Spreng. Syst.
2.229, Don, Mill. 2. 690. Beck, Bot. 119. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1.498. Eat. & Wr.
331. Matthew, Fl. Acad. 20. Gray, Manual, 179.

(2. gracilis. Schrader, Ind. Sem. Geett.

(2. riparia. Wehm. in Hook. FI. Bor.-Am. 1. 212.

Kneiffia pumila & chrysantha. Spach, Monogr. Onagr. 47 & 48, excl. vars.

Gi. rhombipetala. Nutt.; Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 493. Walp. Rep.2.81. Tor-
rey, Frem. Rep. 89; Marcy’s Rep. 285; Sitgr. Rep. 175. Kunze, Linnea, 20. 57;
Parry, Pl. Minn. 612. Engelm. Pl. Upp. Miss. 192. Gray, Manual, 178. Watson,
Rey, GEnoth. 580.
G5. rosea. Ait. Hort. Kew. 2.3. Meerburgh, Pl. Sel. t.17. Curtis, Bot. Mag.
t. 347. Seringe, DC. Prodr. 3.51. Don, Mill. 2. 689. Gray, Pl. Wright. 2. 57.
Torrey, Mex. Bound. 65. Watson, Rev. Ginoth. 585.

(E. rubra. Cay. Icon. 4. 68, t. 400.

CL. purpurea, Lam. Dict. 4. 554.

Hartmannia gauroides. Spach, Monogr. Onagr. 41; Hist. Veg. 4. 571.
Gi. scapoidea. Nutt.; Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1.506. Walp. Rep. 2. 86. Hook. in
Lond. Journ. Bot. 6. 224. Torrey, Stansb. Rep. 387, in part. Durand, Fl. Utah,

C&nothera.] ONAGRACEX. 380

164. Watson, King’s Rep. 5. 109; Rey. GEnoth. 594. Coulter, Hayd. Rep. 1872,
767. Brandegee, Fl. S. W. Col. 236. Brew. & Wats. Bot. Calif. 1. 227.

Var. purpurascens. Watson, Rev. Ginoth. 595; Pl. Wheeler, 9. Brew. &
Wats, l--c. .
(E. claveformis. Torr. & Gray, Pac. R. Rep. 2. 121.
CE. cruciformis. Kellogg, Proc. Calif. Acad. 2. 227, f. 71.
CE. scapoidea, var. claveformis. Watson, King’s Rep. 5. 109.

Var. aurantiaca. Watson, Rev. Ginoth. 595. Brew. & Wats. 1. ec.

. claveformis. Torrey, Frem. Rep. 314 (Bot. Zeit. 5. 42); Pac. R. Rep. 4. 86
& 5. 360; Mex. Bound. 66, in part. Walp. Ann. 1.291. Gray, Ives’s Rep. 12.
Anderson, Cat. Pl. Nev. 120.
G3. serrulata. Nutt. Genera, 1. 246. James, Cat. 180. Torrey, Ann. Lyc. N. Y.
2.201; Nicol. Rep. 150; Frem. Rep. 89; Marcy’s Rep. 285; Pac. R. Rep. 4. 86;
Mex. Bound. 65. Sweet, Brit. Fl. Gard. t.133. Spreng. Syst. 2.228. Seringe,
DC. Prodr. 3.49. Maund, Bot. Gard. 7, t. 330. Don, Mill. 2. 687. Torr. & Gray,
Fl. 1.501; Pac. R. Rep. 2.164. Eat. & Wr. 832. Dietr. 2.1286. Engelm. in
Wisliz. Rep. 3; Pl. Upp. Miss. 191. Parry, Pl. Minn. 612. Gray, Pac. R. Rep.
12. 43; Proc. Acad. Philad. 1863, 61; Manual, 179. Pl. Bourgeau, 256. Porter,
Hayd. Rep. 1870, 476; Fl. Col. 46. Watson, Rev. Ginoth. 590.

Calylophis Nuttallii. Spach, Monogr. Onagr. 17; Hist. Veg. 4. 350.

@. fruticosa. Gray, Pl. Fendl. 44.

Meriolix serrulata. Walp. Rep. 2. 79; Ann. 2. 532.

Var. pinifolia. Engelm.; Gray, Pl. Lindh. 189; Hall’s Pl. Texas, 9. Watson,
Rey. (noth. 591.

C2. capillifolia. Scheele, Linnea, 21. 576.

Var. spinulosa. Torr. & Gray, FI. 1.502. Engelm. & Gray, Pl. Lindh. 36.
Gray, same, 189; Pl. Wright. 1.71; Hall’s Pl. Texas,9. Scheele, Roem. Texas,
430. Watson, l. c.

QE. serrulata. Nutt. in Journ. Acad. Philad. 2. 120 (Litt.-Ber. zu Linnea, 1829,
40). Hook. Exot. Fl. t. 140.

Var. Dougiasii. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 502; Pac. R. Rep. 2. 126. Gray, Pl. Fendl.
45. Hook. in Lond. Journ. Bot. 6. 224.
(2. leucocarpa. Lehm. in Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am. 1.210; Nov. Stirp. Pug. 2. 17.
Don, Mill. 2. 687. Eat. & Wr. 3380. Dietr. 2. 1287.

Var. Drummondii. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 502.
Calylophis Drummondiana, & Berlandieri ? Spach, Monogr. Onagr. 18.
Meriolix Berlandieri. Walp. Rep. 2. 79.
CE. spinulosa, var. Drummondii. Engelm. Pl. Upp. Miss. 192.

G. sinuata. Linn. Mant. 228. Murray, Nov. Com. Gett. 5. 44, t. 9. Ait.
Hort. Kew. 2. 3. Lam. Dict. 4. 553. Willd. Spec. 2. 309. Michx. Fl. 1. 224.
Persoon, 1. 408. Pursh, 261.. Elliott, 1. 443. Torrey, Fl. U. S. 888; Marcy’s Rep.
285; Mex. Bound. 65. Spreng. Syst. 2. 227. Beck, Am. Journ. Sci. 10. 180.
Don, Mill. 2.686. Spach, Monogr. Onagr. 29. Hook. Comp. Bot. Mag. 1. 25.
Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 494; Pac. R. Rep. 2. 164. Eat. & Wr. 331. Benth. Pl. Hartw.
6. Scheele, Roem. Texas, 431. Lesq. Fl. Ark. 360. Chapman, 138. Gray, Man-
ual, 178; Hall’s Pl. Texas, 9, in part. Watson, Rev. Ginoth. 581.

@. laciniata. Hill, Syst. Veg. 12, Suppl. t. 10; Hort. Kew. 1724, t. 6.

(2. biennis. “Walter, 129.

CE. repanda. Medicus, Act. Palat. 3. 198, t. 8.

Onagra sinuata. Moench, Meth. 676.
25

386 ONAGRACE®. [Ganothera.

CE. prostrata. Ruiz & Pav. Fl. Peruv. 3. 79, t. 315. Seringe, DC. Prodr. 3. 48.
2 (EH. viscosa. Raf. Fl. Lud. 96. Don, Mill. 2. 687. Eat. & Wr. 332.
Var. minima. Nutt. Genera, 1. 245. Beck, Bot. 118. Hook. Bot. Mag. t. 3392;
Lond. Journ. Bot. 6. 221. Watson, 1. c. :
(E. minima. Pursh, Flora, 262, t. 15. Poir. Suppl. 5. 743. Spreng. Syst.
2. 228. Seringe, DC. Prodr. 3. 49. Don, Mill. 2. 687. Spach, Monogr. Onagr. 29.
Var. hirsuta. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1.494. Gtay, Pl. Fendl. 43; Hall’s Pl. Texas,
9g. Watson, l. c.
2. Mexicana. Spach, Monagr. Onagr. 27. Walp. Rep. 2. 81.
Var. grandiflora. Watson, 1. c.
@ (E. longiflora. Scheele, Roem. Texas, 430.
(E. sinuata. Gray, Hall’s Pl. Texas, 9, in part.

G3. Spachiana. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1.498; Pac. R. Rep. 2.164. Walp. Rep.
2. 84. Gray, Pl. Wright. 1.70; Hall’s Pl. Texas, 9.. Watson, Rev. Ginoth. 583.
Young, Fl. Texas, 267.

Blennoderma Drummondii. Spach, Monogr. Onagr. 86.

(2. Drummondii. Walp. Rep. 2. 85.

% (E. uncinata. Scheele, Linnea, 21. 578. Gray, Pl. Lindh. 190. Walp. Ann.
2. 533.
G3. speciosa. Nutt. in Journ. Acad. Philad. 2. 119 (Litt.-Ber. zu Linnea, 1829,
40). Hook. Exot. Fl. 2, t. 80; Bot. Mag. t. 3189. Spreng. Syst. 2. 230. Seringe,
DC. Prodr. 3. 50. D. Don in Sweet, Brit. Fl. Gard. t. 253. Maund, Bot. Gard. 8,
t.339. Don, Mill. 2.688. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1.496; Pac. R. Rep. 2. 126 & 164.
Fat. & Wr. 332. Dietr. 2.1289. Walp. Rep. 2.85. Torrey, Frem. Rep. 89;
Marcy’s Rep. 285; Pac. R. Rep. 4.86. Gray, Pl. Fendl. 44; Pl. Lindh. 189; Pl.
Wright. 1.70; Hall’s Pl. Texas,9. Engelm. & Gray, Pl. Lindh. 8 & 31. Engelm.
in Wisliz. Rep. 3. Scheele, Roem. Texas, 431. Wood, Bot. & Fl. 126. Watson,
Rey. GEnoth. 585. Young, Fl. Texas, 267.

Xylopleurum hirsutum, Drummondii & obtusifolium. Spach, Monogr. Onagr. 50-52.’

Xylopleurum Nuttallii. Spach, 1. c. 51; Hist. Veg. 4. 378.

(2. Spachii & obtusifolia. Dietr. 2. 1289.

(2. Drummondii. Schnitzlein, Iconogr. t. 265, f. 1.

CG. strigulosa. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1.512. Dietr. 2.1284. Torrey, Pac. R. Rep.
4. 87, in part, & 7.11%; Bot. Wilkes, 298. Anderson, Cat. Pl. Ney. 120. Watson,
Rey. Ginoth. 594. Brew. & Wats. Bot. Calif. 1. 226.

Spherostigma strigulosum. Fisch. & Mey. in Ind. Sem. Petrop. 2. 25 (Ann. Sci.
Nat. 2. 5.187; Litt.-Ber. zu Linnea, 1837, 120; Hook. Comp. Bot. Mag. 2. 9).
Walp. Rep. 2. 79.

(E. contorta. Tougl.; Lehm. in Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am. 1.214. Don, Mill. 2. 685.
Spach, Monogr. Onagr. 16. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1.511. Eat. & Wr. 332. Dietr.
2.1285. Hook. in Lond. Journ. Bot. 6. 224% Torrey, Bot. Wilkes, 298.

CE. parvula. Nutt.; Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 511.

Spheerostigma contortum & parvulum. Walp. Rep. 2. 78.

Var. pubens. Watson, 1.c. Brew. & Wats. Bot. Calif. 1. 226.

(2. dentata. Watson, King’s Rep. 5. 111.

GS. trichocalyx. Nutt.; Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1.494. Walp. Rep. 2. 80. Torrey,
Frem. Rep. 89. Hook. in Lond. Journ. Bot. 6. 222. Gray, Pl. Wright. 2. 56.
Newberry, Pac. R. Rep. 6. 74. Anderson, Cat. Pl. Nev. 120. Watson, Rev. GEnoth.
581. Brew. & Wats. Bot. Calif. 1. 224.

Cinothera.] ONAGRACEX. 387
(2. deltoidea. Torrey, Frem. Rep. 315 (Bot. Zeit. 5. 42).
Watson, King’s Rep. 5. 107.
2. albicaulis, var. trichocalyx.
Rev. Génoth. 582.

G. triloba. Nutt. in Journ. Acad. Philad. 2. 118 (Litt.-Ber. zu Linnza, 1829, 40).
Barton, Fl. N. Am. 2. 37, t.49. Sims, Bot. Mag. t. 2566. Seringe, DC. Prodr.
8.49. Reichenb. Hort. Bot. 2. 18, t.145. Don, Mill. 2.689. Torr. & Gray, FI.
1. 499; Pac. R. Rep. 2.164. Eat. & Wr. 332. Dietr. 2.1288. Gray, Pl. Lindh.
189; Pl. Wright. 1. 70 & 2. 58; Proc. Acad. Philad. 1863, 61. Torrey, Mex. Bound.
65. Pl. Bourgeau, 256. Watson, King’s Rep. 5. 107; Rev. Ginoth. 586. Coulter,
Hayd. Rep. 1872, 767. Porter, Fl. Col. 44. Rothr. Pl. Wheeler, 40. Brew. &
Wats. Bot. Calif. 1. 224.
(2. rhizocarpa. Spreng. Syst. 2. 230. Seringe, DC. Prodr. 3. 50. Dietr. 2. 1288.
Lavauxia Nuttalliana. Spach, 1. ce. 38, t. 31, f. 1; Hist. Veg. 4. 367, t. 85, f. 1.
Lavauxia triloba. Spach, Hist. Veg. 4. 367.
(!. Rameriana. Scheele, Linnea, 22.154. Walp. Ann. 2. 533.
Gs. tubicula. Gray, Pl. Wright. 1. 71 & 2. 58. Torr. & Gray, Pac. R. Rep. 2. 164.
Torrey, Mex. Bound. 66. Walp. Ann. 4. 676. Watson, Rey. Ginoth. 590.

Gs. Wrightii. Gray, Pl. Wright. 2.57; Pl. Thurb. 300. Torr. & Gray, 1. ¢.
Torrey, Mex. Bound. 65, in part. Walp. Ann. 4. 676. Watson, Rev. Ginoth. 586.

Walp. Ann. 1. 291.

Engelm. in Am. Journ. Sci. 2. 33. 335. Watson,

. alata ; Missouriensis, Jussizea decur- | 2. epilobioides ; Godetia epilobioides.

rens.

albescens ; Godetia albescens.

albicaulis; Californica, pinnatifida,
trichocalyx.

ambigua ; fruticosa.

amena & arcuata ; Godetia amoena.

Arnottii ; Godetia lepida.

biennis ; Oakesiana, sinuata.

bifrons ; heterophylla, G. amcena.

biloba; Godetia biloba.

bistorta ; micrantha.

Botte & Californica ; Godetia Botte.

Canadensis ; fruticosa.

capillifolia ; serrulata.

cheiranthifolia ; bistorta, micrantha.

chrysantha ; pumila.

claveeformis; brevipes, scapoidea.

contorta ; cheiranthifolia, strigulosa.

coronopifolia ; pinnatifida.

cruciata ; biennis.

cruciformis ; scapoidea.

decumbens ; Godetia lepida.

deltoidea ; trichocalyx.

densiflora; Godetia lepida, Boisdu-
vallia densiflora & Torreyi.

dentata ; micrantha, strigulosa.

Drummondii; Missouriensis, Spachi-
ana, speciosa.

eximia ; cespitosa.

Fendleri ; Hartwegi.

Florida ; fruticosa.

Fraseri ; glauca.

Jruticosa; glauca, serrulata.

gauroides ; biennis.

glabella ; Boisduvallia glabella.

graciliflora ; bistorta.

gracilis ; pumila.

grandiflora ; biennis, Godetia grandi-
flora.

guttulata ; canescens.

Hartwegi; Greggii.

hirta ; micrantha.

hispidula ; Godetia hispidula.

FTookeri:; biennis.

humilis ; Godetia purpurea.

hybrida & incana ; fruticosa.

laciniata; sinuata.

Lamarckiana ; biennis.

Lampasana ; Greggii.

lavandulefolia ; Hartwegi.

Leona; heterophylla.

lepida ; Godetia lepida.

leucocarpa ; serrulata.

Lindley’ ; Godetia ameena.

linearis ; fruticosa.

longiflora ; sinuata.

3

88 ONAGRACEX.

(2. macrocarpa ; Missouriensis.

STENOSIPHON virgatum.

ie

Bound. 66.
47; Am. Journ. Sci. 2. 33. 405.

marginata ; brachycarpa, cespitosa.

media; fruticosa.

Mexicana & minima; sinuata.

mollissima ; fruticosa.

montana ; czespitosa.

muricata ; biennis.

Nevadensis ; gaurzeflora.

Nuttallii; albicaulis, breviflora.

obtusifolia ; speciosa.

odorata ; biennis.

pallida ; albicaulis.

paludosa ; JSussiva decurrens.

parviflora ; biennis.

parvula ; strigulosa.

pilosella ; fruticosa.

pimatifida ; albicaulis, coronopifolia.

prostrata ; sinuata.

pubescens ; biennis.

purpurea ; rosea, Godetia albescens,
lepida, purpurea, quadrivulnera &
tenella.

Purshiana ; pinnatifida.

pusilla ; pumila.

pygmea ; Boothii.

quadrivulnera ; G. quadrivulnera.

repanda ; sinuata.

rhizocarpa ; triloba.

rhombipetala ; heterophylla.

riparia ; fruticosa, pumila.

520; Pac. R. Rep. 2. 126.

Spach, Monogr. Onagr. 64.
Torrey, Frem. Rep. 315; Pac. R. Rep. 4.87; Mex.
Engelm. & Gray, Pl. Lindh. 37.
Porter, Fl. Col. 44.

[GEnothera. Zauschneria.

G2. Remeriana; triloba.

Romanzovii ; Godetia Romanzovii.

roseo-alba ; Godetia ameena.

rubicunda ; Godetia amena, Botte,
epilobioides & hispidula.

rubra ; rosea.

scapigera ; cespitosa.

serotina ; fruticosa.

sinuata ; Drummondii, humifusa.

Spachii ; speciosa.

spinulosa ; serrulata.

spiralis ; cheiranthifolia.

strigulosa ; dentata, micrantha.

suaveolens ; biennis.

tanacetifolia ; Nuttallii.

tenella; Godetia biloba, Botte, epi-
lobioides, quadrivulnera, tenella &
viminea.

tetragona ; fruticosa.

Torrey; Boisduyallia Torreyi.

triloba ; heterantha.

uncinata ; Spachiana.

viminea ; Godetia epilobioides, lepida,
quadrivulnera, tenella & viminea.

vinosa ; G. ameena & epilobioides.

viridescens ; Cheiranthifolia.

viscosa ; sinuata.

Whitneyi ; Godetia grandiflora.

Williamsonii ; Godetia Williamsonii.

Wrightii ; Fremontii.

Torr. & Gray, Fl.

Walp. Rep. 2. 670. Gray, Pl. Fendl.

Gaura linifolia. Nutt. in Long’s Exped. 2. 355. Torrey, Ann. Lye. N. Y. 2. 200.

DC. Prodr. 3. 45. Hook. Comp. Bot. Mag. 1. 25. Don, Mill. 2. 685. Eat. & Wr.
251. Dietr. 2: 1297.
ZAUSCHNERIA Californica. Presl, Rel. Haenk. 2. 28,t.52. Spach, Hist.
Veg. 4.400. Hook. & Arn. Bot. Beechey, 140 & 340. Torr. & Gray, FI. 1. 486.
Walp. Rep. 2. 93. Benth. Bot. Sulph. 15; Pl. Hartw. 310. Lindl. in Journ. Hort.
Soc. 3. 241, fig. Fl. Serres, 4. 404, t. Ann. Gand, 1848, t. 224. Torrey, Emory’s
Rep. 140; Pac. R. Rep. 7. 11; Mex. Bound. 65; Bot. Wilkes, 296. Paxton, Bot.
Mag. 15.195, t. Hook. Bot. Mag. t. 4493. Durand, Pl. Pratten. 87. Gray, Pl.
Wright. 2. 56 (with var.) ; Ives’s Rep. 12; Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist. 7. 146. Dur.
& Hilg. in Pac. R. Rep. 5.7. Wood, Bot. & Fl. 125. Boland. Cat.12. Watson,
King’s Rep. 5.104; Pl. Wheeler, 9. Coulter, Hayd. Rep. 1872, 767. Regel, Gar-
tenfl. 1872, 239. Brew. & Wats. Bot. Calif. 1. 218.

Z. Mexicana. Presl.1.c. Walp.1. ec.

Var. microphylla. Gray; Brew. & Wats. Bot. Calif. 1. 218.

Cevallia. Mentzelia.] LOASACEA. 389

LOASACEA.

CEVALLIA sinuata. Lagasca, Var. Sienc. Ann. 2. 141; Nov. Gen. & Spee. 11,
t.1. Roem. & Schult. Syst. 5. 589. Spreng. Syst. 1. 832. Hook. Icon. t. 252.
Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 536 & 696. Fenzl, Darst. vier Gatt. 37, t. 4 (Regensb. Denksch.
3. 188). Torrey, Emory’s Rep. 141; Mex. Bound. 66. Engelm. in Wisliz. Rep. 17.
Gray, Pl. Wright. 1.74 & 2. 59.

Petalanthera hispida, Nutt. in Journ. Acad. Philad. 7. 107.

EUCNIDE bartonioides. Zuccarini, Abhandl. Baier. Acad. 42.5,t. 1; Del.
Sem. Hort. Monac. 1844 (Linnea, 18. 509). Gray, Pl. Lindh. 191; Pl. Wright.
2.59; Ives’s Rep. 12. Torrey, Mex. Bound. 67.— The genus carried to Mentzelia
by Benth. & Hook. Gen. Pl. 1. 804.

Microsperma bartonioides. Walp. Rep. 5. 777. Hook. Bot. Mag. t. 4491.

E. lobata. Gray, Pl. Lindh. 192.
Microsperma lobata. Hook. Icon. t. 234. Walp. Rep. 5. 777.
@ Microsperma rudis. Schauer, Linnea, 20. 721. Walp. Ann. 1. 320.
E. urens. Parry, Am. Naturalist, 9.144. Brew. & Wats. Bot. Calif. 1. 237.

E. lobata. Torrey, Pac. R. Rep. 4. 53.

Mentzelia urens. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 10. 71; Am. Naturalist, 9. 271.

MENTZELIA adherens. Benth. Bot. Sulph. 15. Walp. Rep. 5. 776. (Lower
California).
M. albicaulis. Dougl.; Don, Mill. 3.61. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 554. Walp.
Rep. 2. 224. Gray, Pl. Wright. 2. 59; Ives’s Rep. 12; Am. Journ. Sci. 2. 33. 405;
Proc. Acad. Philad. 1863, 61, in part; Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist. 7. 146; Proc.
Am. Acad. 11.187. Torrey, Stansb. Rep. 388; Pac. R. Rep. 4. 89 & 5. 360; Mex.
Bound. 67, in part; Bot. Wilkes, 501. Durand, Fl. Utah, 164. Anderson, Cat.
Pl. Nev. 121. Watson, King’s Rep. 5. 113, excl. vars.; Pl. Wheeler, 9. Porter,
Hayd. Rep. 1871, 483; Fl. Col. 47. Rothr. Pl. Wheeler, 40. Brew. & Wats. Bot.
Calif. 1. 235.

Bartonia albicaulis. Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am. 1. 222; Lond. Journ. Bot. 6. 227. Eat.
& Wr. 155.

M. Veatchiana. Kellogg, Proc. Calif. Acad. 2. 99, £ 28.

M. aspera. Linn. Spec. 516. Willd. Spec. 2.1175 & syn. Ait. f. Hort. Kew. 3.
302. Spreng. Syst. 2.601. DC. Prodr. 3.348. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 5. 158 &
180. Griseb. Fl. Brit. W. Ind. 298. Brew. & Wats. Bot. Calif. 1. 235.

M. albicaulis. Torrey, Mex. Bound. 67, in part.

M. congesta. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 534. Walp. Rep. 2. 224. Dietr. 3. 85. Wat-
son, King’s Rep. 5.114. Brew. & Wats. Bot. Calif. 1. 236.

M. cordata. Kellogg, Proc. Calif. Acad. 2. 33. (Lower California.)

M. dispersa. Watson, Proc. Am. Acad. 11.115 & 137. Brew. & Wats. Bot.
Calif. 1. 236.

Bartonia micrantha. Hook. in Lond. Journ. Bot. 6. 227.

M. albicaulis. Gray, Pl. Wright. 1.74; Proc. Acad. Philad. 1863, 61, in part.
Boland. Cat. 12.

M. albicaulis, var. integrifolia. Watson, King’s Rep. 5. 114. Coulter, Hayd. Rep.
1872, 767.

M. Floridana. Nutt.; Torr. & Gray, FI. 1.533. Walp. Rep. 2. 223. Dietr. 3. 85.
Chapman, 146. Wood, Bot. & Fl. 128.

390 LOASACEZ. [Mentzelia.

M. gracilenta. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 534. Walp. Rep. 2. 224. Dietr. 3. 85. Brew.
& Wats. Bot. Calif. 1. 236.

M. pectinata. Kellogg, Proc. Calif. Acad. 3. 40, f. 9.

M. albicaulis, var. gracilenta. Watson, King’s Rep. 5. 114.
M. hirsutissima. Watson, Proc. Am. Acad. 12. 252. (Lower California.)
M. levicaulis. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1.535. Gray, Pl. Fendl. 47; Pl. Wright.
1. 73; Ives’s Rep. 12; Proc. Am. Acad. 8. 384. Durand, Pl. Pratten. 88. Dur.’ &

Hilg. Pac. R. Rep. 5.8. Cooper, same, 12. 52. Anderson, Cat. Pl. Ney. 121. .

Boland. Cat. 12. Watson, King’s Rep. 5. 114; Pl. Wheeler, 9. Porter, Hayd. Rep.
1871, 483. Coulter, same, 1872, 767. Torrey, Bot. Wilkes, 311. Brew. & Wats.
Bot. Calif. 237.

Bartonia levicaulis. Dougl.; Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am. 1. 221, t. 69. Don, Mill.
3 61. Nutt. in Journ. Acad. Philad. 7.23. Hook. & Arn. Bot. Beechey, 343.
Eat. & Wr. 154. Walp. Rep. 2. 224. Dietr. 3. 87.

Bartonia parviflora. Dougl.; Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am. 1. 221. Don, Mill. 3. 61. Eat.
& Wr. 155.

_ Bartonia ornata. Hook. in Lond. Journ. Bot. 6. 226.

M. ornata. Torrey, Stansb. Rep. 887. Durand, Fl. Utah, 164.
M. Lindleyi. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 533. Walp. Rep. 2. 224. Dietr. 3.85. Tor-
rey, Pac. R. Rep. 4.89. Wood, Cl.-Book, 358; Bot. & Fl. 128. Brew. & Wats.
Bot. Calif. 1. 236.

Bartonia aurea. Lindl. Bot. Reg. 22, t. 1831. D. Don, in Sweet, Brit. Fl. Gard.
2 ser. t. 357. Hook. Bot. Mag. t.3649. Hook. & Arn. Bot. Beechey, 343. Sweet,
Orn. Fl. Gard. 1, t. 19.

Creolobus aurea. Lilja, Fl. Sver. 67.

Chrysostoma aurea. Lilja, Fl. Sver. Suppl. 33; Linnea, 15. 263.
M. micrantha. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1.535. Watson, Proc. Am. Acad. 11. 137.
Brew. & Wats. Bot. Calif. 1. 236.

Bartonia micrantha. Took. & Arn. Bot. Beechey, 343, t. 85. Walp. Rep. 2. 225.
Dietr. 3. 87.
M. multiflora. Gray, Pl. Fendl. 48; Pl. Wright. 1. 74 & 2.59; Proc. Acad.
Philad. 1863, 61. Torrey, Sitgr. Rep. 159; Pac. R. Rep. 4. 89; Mex. Bound. 67.
Porter, Fl. Col. 47. Parry, Am. Naturalist, 9. 271.

Bartonia multiflora. Nutt. Pl. Gambel. in Proc. Acad. Philad. 4. 25, & Journ.
1. 180.
M. nuda. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 535; Pac. R. Rep. 2. 127. Torrey, Frem. Rep. 90;
Marcy’s Rep. 286; Emory’s Rep. 408; Pac. R. Rep. 4.89. Gray, Pl. Fendl. 47;
Pl. Lindh. 191; Pl. Wright. 1.73; Am. Journ. Sci. 2. 33. 405; Proc. Acad. Philad.
1863, 61. Engelm. Pl. Upp. Miss. 192. Anderson, Cat. Pl. Nev. 121. Porter, Hayd.
Rep. 1870, 476; Fl. Col. 47. Young, Fl. Texas, 282. Rothr. Pl. Wheeler, 4o.

Bartonia nuda., Pursh, 328 & 749. Poir. Suppl. 5.572. Bradbury, Cat. 336.
Nutt. Genera, 1. 299. James, Long’s Exped. 2.182. Spreng. Syst. 2. 495. Tor-
rey, Ann. Lye. N. Y. 2.199. DC. Prodr. 3. 339. Don, Mill. 38.61. Spach, Hist.
Veg. 6. 288. Dietr. 3. 86. Hook. in Lond. Journ. Bot. 6. 227; Bot. Mag. t. 5483.

Torreya nuda. Eaton, Manuat; 7 ed.

Touterea nuda. Tat. & Wr. 454.
M. oligosperma. Nutt. in Sims, Bot. Mag. t.1760. Spreng. Syst. 2.601. Tor-
rey, Ann. Lyc. N. Y. 2.199; Pac. R. Rep. 4. 89; Mex. Bound. 67. DC. Prodr.
3. 843. Don, Mill. 3.65. Spach, Hist. Veg. 6.240. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 535.
Eat. & Wr. 318. Dietr. 3. 84. Gray, Pl. Fendl. 47; Pl. Lindh. 191; Pl. Wright.

Mentzelia. Turnera.] TURNERACEZ. 391

1.73 & 2. 59; Proc. Acad. Philad. 1863, 61; Manual, 184. Young, Fl. Texas, 282.
Porter, Fl. Col. 47.

M. aurea, Nutt. Genera, 1. 300. James, Cat. 182. Torrey, Ann. Lyc. N. Y.
2.199. Eat. & Wr. 318.

M. rhombifolia. Nutt.; Torr. & Gray, 1.c. Walp: Rep. 2. 223. Dietr. 3. 85.

M. petiolata. Buckley, Proc. Acad. Philad. 1861, 455; fide Gray, same, 1862, 163.
M. ornata. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 534. Torrey, Nicol. Rep. 150; Sitgr. Rep. 175.
Gray, Pl. Fendl. 47; Pac. R. Rep. 12. 43. Engelm. Pl. Upp. Miss. 192. Pl. Bour-
geau, 256. Porter, Hayd. Rep, 1870, 476, & 1871, 483. Brandegee, Fl. S. W. Col.
236. Thurber, Am. Agriculturist, 56. 61, fig.

B. decapetala. Pursh in Sims, Bot. Mag. t. 1487.

Bartonia ornata. Pursh, 326. Poir. Suppl. 5.572. Bradbury, Cat. 336. Nutt
Genera, 1.297. James, Long’s Exped. 2.182. Barton, Fl. N. Am. 3. 29, t. 81
Spreng. Syst. 2.493. Torrey, Ann. Lye. N. Y. 2.199. DC. Prodr. 3. 339. Don,

Mill. 3.61. Spach, Hist. Veg. 6. 237. Nees, Pl. Neuwied, 9.
Torreya ornata. Eaton, Manual, 7 ed.
Touterea ornata. Eat. & Wr. 452.
M. pumila. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1.535. Hook. in Lond. Journ. Bot. 6.227. Gray,
Pl. Wright. 1. 73. Torrey, Emory’s Rep. 140; Pac. R. Rep. 5. 360.
Bartonia pumila. Nutt.; Walp. Rep. 2. 225. Dietr. 5. 87.
M. Wrightii. Porter, Fl. Col. 47.
M. multiflora, var. Parry, Am. Naturalist, 9. 271.
M. chrysantha. Engelm. in Brandegee, Fl. S. W. Col. 237.
M. Torreyi. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 10.72. Brew. & Wats. Bot. Calif. 1. 237.

M. tricuspis. Gray, Am. Naturalist, 9.271. Brew. & Wats. Bot. Calif. 1. 237.
Watson, Proc. Am. Acad. 12. 252.
M. Wrightii. Gray, Pl. Fendl. 48; Pl. Wright. 1.75. Torrey, Mex. Bound. 67.
Bartonia Wrightit. Walp. Ann. 2. 656,
Myriophyllum Wrightii.. Gray, Hall’s Pl. Texas, 9.

PETALONYX nitidus. Watson, Am. Naturalist, 7. 300; Pl. Wheeler, 9.
Brew. & Wats. Bot. Calif. 1. 258.

P. Parryi. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 10. 72. Parry, Am. Naturalist, 9. 144 & 271.
Brew. & Wats. Bot. Calif. 1. 288.
P. Thurberi. Gray, Pl. Thurb. 319 (Regensb. Flora, 38. 587). Walp. Ann. 5. 5.
Torrey, Mex. Bound. 67, t. 22. Watson, Pl. Wheeler,9. Brew. & Wats. Bot.
Calif. 1. 238.
SYMPETALBIA aurea. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 12. 161.

TURNERACE.

TURNERA Caroliniana.
Walteria (4) Caroliniana. Walter, 175.
T. cistoides. Pursh, 206; not Linn. Elliott, 1. 370. Nutt. Genera, 1. 204.
Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 537. Eat. & Wr. 462. Wood, Cl.-Book, 362; Bot. & Fl. 129.
Piriqueta fulva, Chapman, 146.
@ Piriqueta glabra & tomentosa. Chapman, 147.
2 T. glabra & tomentosa. Wood, Bot. & Fl. 129.

Go
©
bo

PASSIFLORACEZ. [Carica. Passiflora.

PASSIFLORACEA.

CARICA Papaya. Linn. Spec. 1036. See syn. in DC. Prodr. 15!. 414; Pritzel,
Index Icon. Bot. 1. 225 & 2.67. Lindl. Bot. Reg. 6, t. 459. Hook. Bot. Mag.
t. 2898, 2899. Roemer, Syn. Monogr. 2. 122. Griseb. Fl. Brit. W. Ind. 290.
Papaya vulgaris. DC. in Lam. Dict. 6.2. Poir. in Lam. IIl. 3. 410, t. 821.
A. DC. Prodr. 151. 414; Geogr. Bot. 917. Nutt. Sylva, 3. 47, t. 96. Cooper, in
Smithson. Rep. 1858, 264.
Papaya Carica. Gaertn. Fruct. 2. 191, t. 122.

PASSIFLORA affinis. Engelm. in Gray, Pl. Lindh. 253. Gray, Pl. Wright.
1.75 & 2. 59. Walp. Ann. 2.652. Torrey, Mex. Bound. 67. Masters, Mart. Fl.
Bras. 131. 554.

P. filipes. Benth. Pl. Hartw. 118. Masters, 1. c. 553. (Northern Mexico.) |

P. fcetida. Linn. Spec. 959. See syn. in Willd. Spec. 3. 619; Masters, 1. c. 582.
Cay. Diss. 2, t. 289. DC. Prodr. 5. 351. Griseb. Fl. Brit. W. Ind. 294. — Torrey,
Mex. Bound. 67.

P. gossypiifolia. Desy. in Ham. Prodr. 28. Willd. Hort. Berol. t.46. Sims,
Bot. Mag. t.2619. Lindl. Bot. Reg. t.1634. Gray, Pl. Wright. 1. 75.

Dysosmia fatida & gossypiifolia. Roemer, Syn. Monogr. 2. 149.
P. inamoena. Gray, Pl. Wright. 2.59. Torrey, Pac. R. Rep. 4.165. Masters,
1. c. 546,

P. incarnata. Linn. Spec. 959, in part (Amen. Acad. 1. 230, t. 10, f. 19).
Medicus, Bot. Beobacht. 17838, 152. Jacquin, Ic. Rar. 1, t. 187; Coll. 1. 107.
Walter, 223. Lam. Dict. 3.40. Ait. Hort. Kew. 3.310. Cav. Diss. 2. 460, t. 293.
Willd. Spec. 3. 621. Michx. Fl. 2.37. Nouv. Duham. 2.50. Persoon, 2. 222.
Ker, Bot. Reg. 2, t.152. Barton, Bot. Appx. 30, t. 25. Elliott, 2.153. Spreng.
Syst. 3. 39. Torrey, Compend. 253. DC. Prodr. 3. 329. Beck, Bot. 129. Don,
Mill. 5. 53. Hook. Comp. Bot. Mag. 1.46; Bot. Mag. t. 3697. Spach, Hist. Veg.
6.272. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 538; Pac. R. Rep. 2.165. Eat. & Wr. 344. Dietr.
4. 746. Roemer, 1. c. 175. Chapman, 147. Gray, Manual, 186; Hall’s Pl. Texas, 9.
Masters, 1. ¢. 565.

P. lutea. Linn. Spec. 958 (Ameen. Acad. 1. 224, t. 10, f.13). Jacquin, Ic. Rar.
3, t. 607; Coll. 2.282. Walter, 228. Ait. Hort. Kew. 3.308. Cav. Diss. 2. 444,
t. 267. Willd. Spec. 8.615. Michx. Fl. 2.37. Persoon, 2.221. Ker, Bot. Reg.
t. 79. Elliott, 2.154. James, Cat. 185. Spreng. Syst. ie. 40. Torrey, Compend.
255. DC. Prodr. 3. 325, Beck, Bot. 129. Don, Mill. 3.48. Hook. Comp. Bot.
Mag. 1.46. Spach, Hist. Veg. 6. 262. Torr. & Gray, FL 1. 538. Eat. & Wr. 344.
Dietr. 4. 742. Roemer, 1. c. 174. Chapman, 147.. Gray, Manual, 185; Hall’s Pl.
Texas, 9. Masters, 1. c. 554.

P. Mexicana. Juss. Ann. Mus. 6. 108, t.38. Spreng. Syst. 3.38. DC. Prodr.

5. 524. Torrey, Mex. Bound. 67. Masters, l. ce. 552. (Sonora.)
Cieca Mexicana. Roemer, l. c. 146. ‘

suberosa. Linn. Spec. 958. See syn. in Willd. Spec. 3. 617; Masters, l. c.
8. DC. Prodr. 3. 3825. Grisebach, Fl. Brit. W. Ind. 290.— Gray, Pl. Wright.
75. Chapman, 147.

Cieca suberosa. Roemer, 1. c. 146.
P. peltata. Bartram, Travels, 131. Eat. & Wr. 344.

P.
57
Up

a

Gd
co
Co

Passiflora. Cyclanthera.] CUCURBITACEZ.

Var. angustifolia. Masters, 1. c. 579.
P. angustifolia. Swartz, Prodr. 97. Willd. Spec. 8.616. DC. Prodr. 3. 329,
Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 539. Chapman, 148. Griseb. Fl. Brit. W. Ind. 291.
P. heterophylla. Ait. Hort. Kew. 3. 509. Jacq. Hort. Scheenb. 2. 28, t. 181.
P. longifolia. Lam. Dict. 3.59. Cay. Diss. 2. 446, t. 270.
Var. pallida. Masters, 1. c. 579.
P. pallida. Linn. Spec. 955. Lindl. Bot. Reg. t. 660. DC. Prodr. 3. 323.
Griseb. l. ec.
P. Warei. Nutt. in Am. Journ. Sci. 5.297. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1.539. Eat.
& Wr. 344. Chapman, 148.
Cieca Warei. Roemer, I. c. 146.
P. tenuiloba. Engelm. in Gray, Pl. Lindh. 192. Gray, Pl. Wright. 1. 74 & 2. 59.
Walp. Ann. 2. 653. Torrey, Mex. Bound. 67. Masters, l. c. 546.

CUCURBITACEA.

APODANTHERA (?) undulata. Gray, Pl. Wright. 2.60. Torrey, Pac. R.
Rep. 7. 11; Mex. Bound. 67. Naudin, Ann. Sci. Nat. 4.6.15. Walp. Ann. 4, 865.

CUCUMIS Ancuri4, Linn. Griseb. Fl. Brit. W. Ind. 288.
C. Mexo, Linn. See syn. in Naudin, 1. c. 4. 11. 34.
Var. Texanus. Naudin, Ann. Sci. Nat. 4. 12. 110 & 16. 160.

CUCURBITA Californica. Torrey; Watson, Proc. Am. Acad. 11. 138; Bot.
Calif. 1. 240. ;

C. digitata. Gray, Pl. Wright. 2.60; Ives’s Rep. 12. Torrey, Pac. R. Rep.
7.11; Mex. Bound. 67. Naudin, Ann., Sci. Nat. 4. 6. 56, 12. 85, & 18. 178; Rev.
Hort. 1863, 151, t. Walp. Ann. 4. 864. Watson, Pl. Wheeler, 9. Brew. & Wats.
Bot. Calif. 1. 239.

C. palmata. Watson, Proc. Am. Acad. 11. 137. Brew. & Wats. Bot. Calif. 1. 239.

C. Pero, Linn. See syn. in Naudin, Ann. Sci. Nat. 4. 11. 29.— Gray, Pl. Fendl.
54. Tuckerman, Josselyn’s Rarities, 90.
C. perennis. Gray, Pl. Lindh. 193; Pl. Wright. 1. 75 & 2. 60; Ives’s Rep. 12.
Torrey, Marcy’s Rep. 286; Pac. R. Rep. 4.89; Mex. Bound. 67. Torr. & Gray,
Pac. R. Rep. 2.164. Naudin, 1. c. 4. 6.54 & 70; Rev. Hort. 6. 53, f.27. Porter,
Fl. Col. 49. Brew. & Wats. Bot. Calif. 1. 239.

2 C. fetidissima. HBK. Noy. Gen. 2. 123. Eat. & Wr. 215.

Cucumis (2) perennis. James, Long’s Exped. 2. 20 & 346. Torrey, Ann. Lye.
N. Y. 2. 242. Seringe, DC. Prodr. 3. 302. Don, Mill. 8.28. Torr. & Gray, FI.
1. 543. Roemer, Syn. Monogr. 2. 80. Engelm. in Wisliz. Rep. 3. Gray, Pl. Fendl.
54. Torrey, Emory’s Rep. 141 & 411. Dietr. 5. 362.
C. Texana. Gray, Pl. Lindh. 193; Pl. Wright. 1.75. Walp. Ann. 2. 646.

Tristemon Texanum. Scheele, Linnea, 21. 586 & 22.852. Naudin, Ann. Sci.
Nat. 4. 6. 29.
C. verrucosa, Linn. Nutt. Genera, 2.228. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1.544. Tucker-
man, l. c. 89.
CYCLANTHERA dissecta. Arnott, Hook. Journ. Bot. 3.280. Walp. Rep.
5. 762; Ann. 2. 642. Gray, Pl. Lindh. 193; Pl. Wright. 1.75 & 2.61. Torrey, Pac.
R. Rep. 4. 89; Mex. Bound. 67. Naudin, 1. c. 5. 6. 16.

394 CUCURBITACEA. [Cyclanthera. Megarrhiza.

i

Discanthera dissecta. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1.697. Roemer, Syn. Monogr. 2. 100.
Gray, Pl. Fendl. 54. Young, Fl. Texas, 284.

Echinocystis pedata. Scheele, Linnea, 21. 587.

ECHINOCYSTIS lobata. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1.542. Arnott, Hook. Journ.
Bot. 8. 276. Torrey, Fl. N. Y. 1. 250, t. 30. Roemer, I. c. 2. 83. Gray, Pl. Fendl.
54; Manual, 187. Parry, Pl. Minn. 612. Engelm. Pl. Upp. Miss. 193. Cooper,
Pac. R. Rep. 12. 43. Naudin, 1. c. 4. 12. 155 & 16. 187. Pl. Bourgeau, 256. Por-
ter, Fl. Col. 49. ,

Momordica echinata. Muhl. Ind. Fl. Lance. 180. Willd. Spec. 4. 605. Poir.
Suppl. 3. 723. Pursh, 444. Nutt. Genera, 2.228. Torrey, Compend. 362. Spreng.
Syst. 3.14. Seringe, DC. Prodr. 3.312. Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am. 1. 220. Beck, Bot.
128. Don, Mill. 3. 36. Eat. & Wr. 321.

Sicyos lobatus. Michx. Fl. 2.217. Poir. Dict. 7. 155.

Momordica lobata. Seringe, DC. Prodr. 3. 312.

Hexameria echinata. Torr. & Gray, in Torr. Rep. Pl. N. Y. 187.
ELATERIUM Bigelovii. Watson, Proc. Am. Acad. 12. 252.

Melothria pendula. Brew. & Wats.-Bot. Calif. 1. 240, excl. char.
E. Coulteri. Gray, Pl. Wright. 2. 61. Walp. Ann. 4. 865. Torrey, “Mex.
Bound. 68.

% Sicyos eremocarpus. Schauer, Linnea, 20.722. Walp. Ann. 1. 317.
E. minimum. Watson, Proc. Am. Acad. 12. 252.

Marah minima. Wellogg, Proc. Calif. Acad. 2. 18.

E. (?) Wrightii. Gray, Pl. Wright. 2.61. Walp. Ann. 4. 865. Torrey, Mex.
Bound. 68.

LAGENARIA vutearis. Seringe, DC. Prodr. 3.299. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 543.
Gray, Pl. Lindh. 194. Naudin, 1. c. 4. 12. 91. A. DC. Geogr. Bot. 2. 897.

Cucurbita Lagenaria, Linn. Nutt. Genera, 2. 228. Elliott, 2. 662.

LUFFA acuTancuLa, Roxb. See Naudin, 1. ce. 4. 12. 122. Gard. Chronicle,
2. 2.178 & 782.

MEGARRHIZA Californica. Torrey, Pac. R. Rep. 6.74 & 7.11. Gray, Ives’s
Rep. 12; Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist. 7.146. Watson, Proc. Am. Acad. 11. 138.
Brew. & Wats. Bot. Calif. 1. 241.. Gray, Am. Journ. Sci. 3. 14. 21, fig. 1, 2 (ger-
mination). ;

Echinocystis fabacea, Naudin, Ann. Sci. Nat. 4. 12. 154, t. 9, & 16.188. Benth.
& Hook. Gen. Pl. 1. 835. Torrey, Bot. Wilkes, 302, in part.

@ M. Oregana. Bolander, Cat. 13.

M. Guadalupensis. Watson, Proc. Am. Acad. 11.115 & 188. Brew. & Wats.
Bot. Calif. 1.242. (Guadalupe Island.)
M. Marah. Watson, 1.c. 138. Brew. & Wats. 1. c. 241.
Marah muricatus. Kellogg, Proc. Calif. Acad. 1. 38,
M. muricata. Watson, l. c. 139. Brew. & Wats. 1.c. Gray, 1. c. 24.
Echinocystis muricata. Kellogg, Proc. Calif. Acad. 1. 67.

M. Oregona. Torrey, Pac. R. Rep. 6. 74. Cooper, same, 31 & 61. Watson, lie
138. Brew. & Wats.1l.c. Gray, l. c.

Sicyos angulatus. Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am. 1. 220, in part.

Sicyos Oreganus. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 542. Walp. Rep. 2. 204. Roemer, Syn.
Monogr. 2. 103. Dietr. 5. 372.

Echinocystis fabacea. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 8. 884, Torrey, Bot. Wilkes, 502,

in part.

Melothria. Sicyos.] CUCURBITACE. 395

MELOTHRIA gegrandifolia. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 541. Walp. Rep. 2. 195.
Roemer, |. c. 2. 28. Dietr. 5. 363.

M. pendula. Linn. Spec. 35. Walter, 66. Ait. Hort. Kew. 1.54. Lam. Il.
1. 102, t. 28,f3. Desrous. in Lam. Dict. 4. 87. Willd. Spee. 1.189. Michx. FI.
2.217. Persoon, 2. 592. Elliott, 2.662. Torrey, Compend. 361. Spreng. Syst.
3.47. Seringe, DC. Prodr. 3.313. Beck, Bot. 128. Don, Mill. 3.37. Hook.
Comp. Bot. Mag. 1. 46. Spach, Hist. Veg. 6. 224. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 541. Eat.
& Wr. 317. Arnott, Hook. Journ. Bot. 3.274. Roemer, Syn. Monogr. 2.27. Gray,
Pl. Wright. 1. 75 & 2. 69; Manual, 187. Dietr. 5. 363. Torrey, Pac. R. Rep. 4. 88.
Naudin, Ann. Sci. Nat. 4. 12.148. Chapman, 149. Brew. & Wats. Bot. Calif.
1, 240, excl. habit. California.

Cucumis glaber. Walter, 240.

M. nigra. Raf. Ann. Nat. 1820; Med. Bot. 2. 242; New Flora, 4. 14.

2 M. repanda & punctata. Raf. New Flora, 4. 15.

2 M. chlorocarpa. Engelm.; Gray, Hall’s Pl. Texas, 9.

MOMORDICA sBatsamina, Linn. Eat. & Wr. 821.

Neurosperma cuspidata. Het Journ. Phys. 1819, 101. Spreng. Neue Pate:
1.144: Seringe, DC. Prodr. 3.312. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 544. Roemer, 1. c. 2. 60.

Neurosperma balsamina. Raf, Med. Bot. 2. 245.

M. Cuarantia, Linn. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 543. Roemer, 1. c. 56.

SICYDIUM Lindheimeri. Gray, Pl. Lindh. 194; Pl. Wright. 1. 75 & 2. 60;
Hall’s Pl. Texas, 9. Walp. Ann. 2. 643. Torr. & Gray, Pac. R. Rep. 2. 164. Tor-
rey, Mex. Bound. 67. Naudin, Ann. Sci. Nat. 4. 12. 144, & 16. 166, t. 1, B.

Bryonia Abyssinica. Gouault, Rev. Hort. 1853, 61, t.

Var. tenuisectum. Gray, Pl. Wright. 1.75 & 2.60. Walp. Ann. 4. 854. Tor-
rey, Mex. Bound. 67. Naudin, 1. c. 144.

S. tenellum. Naudin, 1. c. 4. 16. 167, t.1, A.

S. tripartitum. Naudin, 1. c. 166.

S.sp.nov.? Torrey, Marcy’s Rep. 286.

SICYOS angulatus. Linn. Spec. 1013. Hill, Veg. Syst. 9.16, t.15,f.1. Ait.
Hort. Kew. 3. 386. Gaertn. Fruct. 2, t. 88. Schkuhr, Handb. 3. 308, t. 316.
Behe. Fl. 2.217. Willd. Spec. 4. 625. Poir. Dict. 7. 154. Persoon, 2. 595. Lam.
Ill. 3. 377, t. 796, f. 2. Pursh, 444. Elliott, 2. 663. Spreng. Syst. 3.47. Torrey,
Compend. 362; Ann. Lyc. N. Y. 2. 242; Fl. N. Y.1.249. Seringe, DC. Prodr. 3. 309.
Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am. 1. 220, in part. Beck, Bot. 128. Don, Mill. 5.54. Spach,
Hist. Veg. 6. 250. Darling. Fl. Cestr. 554. oe & Gray, Fl. 1. 541. Eat. & Wr.
494. Bigel. Fl. Bost. 3 ed. 365. Roemer, l. c. 2. 103. Gray, Pl. Lindh. 193; Man-
ual, 186. Dietr. 5. 572. Chapman, 149.

Elaterium trifoliatum. Linn. Mant. 123. Lam. Dict. 2. 348. Willd. Spec. 4. 626.
Persoon, 2. 532. Spreng. Syst. 3.47. Don, Mill. 3. 35. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 697.
Roemer, 1. c. 2. 83.

Cucumis (%) 2. Walter, 240.

Sicyoides angulata. Moench, Meth. 513.

2 S. vitifolius. Willd. Spec. 4. 626. Seringe, DC. Prodr. 3.809. Don, Mill.
3. 34.

S. acutus. Raf. Fl. Lud. 113. Seringe, DC. Prodr. 3. 309. Don, Mill. 3. 34.
Roemer, |. c. 2.104. Dietr. 5. 372.

S. parviflorus. Willd. Spec. 4. 626. HBK. Noy. Gen. 2.119. Seringe, DC.
Prodr. 309. Gray, Pl. Wright. 2. 62.

396 CUCURBITACES. [Sicyosperma. Cereus.

SICYOSPERMA gracile. Gray, Pl. Wright. 2.62. Naudin, Ann. Sci. Nat.
4. 12. 165. Walp. Ann. 4. 867.
TRIANOSPERMA Boykinii. Roemer, Syn. Monogr. 2.45. Naudin, 1. ec.
16. 196.

Arkezostis quinqueloba. Raf. New Flora, 4. 100.

Bryonia Boykinii. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 540. Walp. Rep. 2. 198. Chapman,
148. Wood, Cl.-Book, 364; Bot. & Fl. 130.

Bryonia trispora. Nutt.; Arnott in Hook. Journ. Bot. 3. 276.

DATISCACEZ.

DATISCA glomerata. Benth. & Hook. Gen. Pl. 1. 845. Brew. & Wats. Bot.
Calif. 1. 242.

Tricerastes glomerata. Presl, Rel. Haenk. 2. 88, t. 64. Benth. Pl. Hartw. 334.
Dietr. 5. 433. Lindl. Veg. Kingd. 316, f. 219. Torrey, Pac. R. Rep. 4.135. A.
DC. Prodr. 16!. 411. Bolander, Cat. 26.

CACTACES.

ANHALONIUM fissuratum. Engelm. Cact. Mex. Bound. 75.
Mamillaria fissurata. Engelm. Syn, Cact. in Proc. Am. Acad. 3.270 (14 of
reprint) ; Cact. Mex. Bound. 17, t.16. Walp. Ann. 5. 38.

CACTUS Bleo & cylindricus ; Opuntia | C. Opuntia; Opuntia Rafinesquii & vul-

arborescens. garis.
Jferox ; Opuntia Missouriensis. polyanthus ; Opuntia polyantha.
Jragilis ; Opuntia fragilis. pusillus & stellatus; Mamillaria pu-
humifusus ; Opuntia vulgaris. silla.
mamillaris ; Mamillaria Missourien- viviparus ; Mamillaria vivipara.

sis.
CEREUS adustus. Engelm. in Gray, Pl. Fendl. 50; Syn. Cact. 280 (24). Salm,
Cact. Hort. Dyck. 191. Labouret, Monogr. Cact. 319. Walp. Ann. 6. 43. (Chi-
huahua. )
Echinocereus adustus & radians. Engelm. in Wisliz. Rep. 20. Walp. Ann. 3. 896.

C. Berlandieri. Engelm. Syn. Cact. 286 (30 & 59); Cact. Mex. Bound. 38, t. 58.
Walp. Ann. 5. 46. Young, Fl. Texas, 275.
C. czspitosus. Engelm. Pl. Lindh. in Journ. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist. 5. 247 (re-
print 39), & 6.202; Gray, Pl. Fendl. 50; Syn. Cact. 280 (24); Cact. Mex. Bound.
02, t. 43,44, Dietr. Allg. Gart. Zeit. 16.18. Salm, Cact. Hort. Dyck. 191. Torr.
& Gray, Pac. R. Rep. 2. 165. Engelm. & Bigel. Pac. R. Rep. 4. 32. Walp. Ann.
5.43. Gray, Hall’s Pl. Texas, 9. Young, Fl. Texas, 274. Brandegee, Fl. 8. W.
Col. 237.

Echinopsis pectinata. Fennel, Allg. Gart. Zeit. 11.282. Pfeiffer, Abbild. Cact.
2, t. 10.

Echinocereus ceespitosus. Engelm. in Wisliz. Rep. 26. Scheele, Roemer’s Texas,
435. Walp. Ann. 3. 896.

Echinocactus Reichenbachii. Tersch. Suppl. Cact. 2. Walp. Rep. 2. 320.

Echinopsis Reichenbachiana, Hort.

C. Reichenbachianus. Lab. Monogr. Cact. 318.

£ COO BALI RE EOLA BNO ees

ere

a Cereus] CACTACEZ. 397
f C. pectinatus, of authors, in part.
C. concolor. Schott ; Engelm. in Pac. R. Rep. 4, errata and notes, ii.
Var. castaneus. Engelm. Pl. Lindh. 203.
C. chloranthus. Engelm.; Bigelow, Pac. R. Rep. 4. 35 & 36. “Engelm. Syn.
Cact. 278 (22); Cact. Mex. Bound. 29, t. 37,38. Walp. Ann. 5. 42. _ Young, FI.
Texas, 273.
C. conoideus. Bigelow, Pac. R. Rep. 4. 36. Engelm. in Ives’ Rep. 18. Porter,
Fl. Col. 49.
C. pheniceus, var. conoideus. Engelm. & Bigel. Pac. R. Rep. 4. 35, t. 4, f. 4, 5.
Engelm. Syn. Cact. 284 (28).
2 C. Remeri. Muhlenpf. in Allg. Gart. Zeit. 16. 19 (Bot. Zeit. 6. 597), not En-
gelm. Scheele, Roem. Texas, 435.
C. ctenoides. Engelm.; Bigel. in Pac. R. Rep. 4.56. Engelm. Syn. Cact. 279
(23); Cact. Mex. Bound. 31, t. 42. Walp. Ann. 5. 42.
C. dasyacanthus. Engelm. in Gray, Pl. Fendl. 50; Syn. Cact. 279 (23), excl.
var.; Cact. Mex. Bound. 30, t. 39-41. Salm, Cact. Hort. Dyck. 193. Labouret,
Monogr. Cact. 821. Walp. Ann. 5. 42. Bigelow, Pac. R. Rep. 4. 36. Young, FI.
Texas, 274.
' Echinocereus dasyacanthus. Engelm. in Wisliz. Rep. 16. "Walp. Ann. 3. 895.
C. deflexispinus. Monville, Cat. 1846, fide Lab. 1. c.

C. dubius. Engelm. Syn. Cact. 282 (26); Cact. Mex. Bound. 386, t.50. Walp.
Ann. 5. 44. Young, Fl. Texas, 274.

C. Emoryi. Engelm. in Am. Journ. Sci. 2. 14. 338; Syn. Cact. 286 (30); Cact.
Mex. Bound. 40, t. 60, f. 1-4; Bot. Calif. 1.247. Bigelow, Pac. R. Rep. 4. 36.
Walp. Ann. 5. 46.

C. Engelmanni. Parry; Engelm. in Am. Journ. Sci. 1. c.; Syn. Cact. 283 (27) ;
Cact. Mex. Bound. 36, t. 57; Trans. Acad. St. Louis, 2. 199; King’s Rep. 5. 117;
Bot. Calif. 1. 246; Simpson’s Rep. 440. Bigelow, Pac. R. Rep. 4.86. Walp. Ann.
5.44. Watson, Pl. Wheeler, 9.

Var. chrysocentrus. Engelm. & Bigel. in Pac. R. Rep. 4. 35, t. 5, f. 8-10.
Engelm. Syn. Cact. 283 (27). Walp. 1. ¢.
Var. variegatus. Engelm. & Bigel. |. c. f. 4-7. Engelm.1.¢c. Walp. 1. c.
| C. enneacanthus. Engelm. in Gray, Pl. Fendl. 50; Syn. Cact. 282 (26); Cact.
Mex. Bound. 34. Salm, Cact. Hort. Dyck. 188. Lab. Monogr. Cact. 314. Posel-
ger, Allg. Gart. Zeit. 21. 133. Bigelow, Pac. R. Rep. 4. 86. Walp. Ann. 5. 44.
Echinocereus enneacanthus. Engelm. in Wisliz. Rep. 27. Walp. Ann. 3. 896.
C. Fendleri. Engelm. in Gray, Pl. Fendl. 50 & 51; Syn. Cact. 281 (25); Cact.
Mex. Bound. 33, t. 51-53; Ives’ Rep. 13. Walp. Ann. 2. 684 & 5.43. Engelm. &
Bigel. Pac. R. Rep. 4. 55. Bigelow, same, 36. Porter, Fl. Col. 48.
% Mamillaria fasciculata. Engelm. in Emory’s Rep. 156, f. 2.

C. giganteus. Engelm. in Emory’s Rep. 158; Am. Journ. Sci. 2. 14. 335 & 17. 231
(Bot. Zeit. 12. 616) ; Syn. Cact. 287 (31); Cact. Mex. Bound. 42, t. 61, 62 & front.;
Bot. Calif. 1.247. Thurber in Gray, Pl. Thurb. 302 & 305. FI. Serres, 10. 24, fig.,
& 15. 187, t. 1600. Bigelow, Pac. R. Rep. 4.12. Engelm. & Bigel., same, 36.
Walp. Ann. 5. 46. Lemaire, Il. Hort. 9, Misc. 95. Marcou, Journ. Hort. France,
2. 3. 676.
Pilocereus Engelmanni. Lemaire, 1. ce. 9, Mise. 97.

C. gonacanthus. Engelm. & Bigel. Pac. R. Rep. 4. 33, t. 5, f. 2,3. Bigelow,
same, 36. Engelm. Syn. Cact. 283 (27). Walp. Ann. 5. 44. Porter, Fl. Col. 48.

398 CACTACES. [Cereus.

C. Greggii Engelm. in Wisliz. Rep. 18; Emory’s Rep. 156, f£. 6; Am. Journ. Sci.
2. 14. 339 & 446; Syn. Cact. 287 (31); Cact. Mex. Bound. 40, t. 63,64. Walp.
Ann. 38. 894 & 5. 46. Bigelow, Pac. R. Rep. 4. 36. Young, Fl. Texas, 276.

C. Pottsii. Salm, Cact. Hort. Dyck. 208. Labouret, Monogr. Cact. 364.
Scheer, Seem. Bot. Herald, 293.

Var. transmontanus. Engelm. Syn. Cact. 1. c.; Cact. Mex. Bound. 41, t. 65.
C. hexaedrus. Engelm. & Bigel. in Pac. R. Rep. 4. 34, t.5, £1. Bigelow, same,
36. Engelm. Syn. Cact. 285 (29). Walp. Amn. 5. 45.

C. longisetus. Engelm.; Bigelow, Pac. R. Rep. 4.36. Engelm. Syn. Cact. 280
(24); Cact. Mex. Bound. 32, t.45. Walp. Ann. 5. 43.
C. Mohavensis. Engelm. & Bigel. Pac. R. Rep. 4. 33, t.4,£8. Bigelow, same,
36. Engelm. Syn. Cact. 281 (25). Walp. Ann. 5. 43.

Var. (?) Zuniensis. Engelm. & Bigel.l.c., £9. Engelm.l.c. Walp. 1.¢. 44.

C, monocionos, DC? Chapman, 144.

C. paucispinus. Engelm.; Bigelow, Pac. R. Rep. 4.34 & 36. Engelm. Syn.
Cact. 285 (29); Cact. Mex. Bound. 37,t.56. Walp. Ann. 5.45. Young, Fl.
Texas, 275. Porter, Fl. Col. 49.
C. pectinatus. Engelm. in Gray, Pl. Fendl. 50; Syn. Cact. 279 (23); Cact.
Mex. Bound. 52. Salm, Cact. Hort. Dyck. 192. Scheer, Seem. Bot. Herald, 292.
(Northern Mexico.)
Echinocactus pectinatus. Scheidweil, Bull. Brux. 5. 492. Walp. Rep. 2. 321.
Echinocereus pectinatus. Engelm. in Wisliz. Rep. 25. Walp. Ann. 3. 896.
Echinocactus pectiniferus. Lemaire, Cact. Nov. 25. Walp. Rep. 2. 822. Hook.
Bot. Mag. t. 4190.
C. pectiniferus. WLabouret, Monogr. Cact. 320.

Var. (?) armatus. Poselger, Allg. Gart. Zeit. 21.134. Engelm. Syn. Cact. 1. ¢.
Walp. Ann. 5. 48.

Var. (?) rigidissimus. ‘Engelm. 1.c.; Bot. Mex. Bound. 31. Walp. 1. e.

C. pheeniceus. Engelm. in Bigel. Pac. R. Rep. 4. 34, t. 4, f. 1-3. Bigelow, same,
36. Engelm. Syn. Cact. 284 (28); Ives’ Rep. 13. Walp. Ann. 5. 45. Porter, Fl.
Col. 49.

Echinopsis octacantha, Muhlenpf. in Allg. Gart. Zeit. 16. 19 (Bot. Zeit. 6. 597).
Scheele, Roem. Texas, 435. Walp. Ann. 2. 685.

Echinocereus coccineus. Engelm. in Wisliz. Rep. 9. Walp. Ann. 2. 684 &
3. 895. Me

C. coccineus. Engelm. in Gray, Pl. Fendl. 50 & 51, not DC., nor Salm. Salm,
Cact. Hort. Dyck. 190. Lab. Monogr. Cact. 316.

C. Ramerti. Fngelm. in Gray, Pl. Fendl. 50; Gray, Pl. Lindh. 204; Syn. Cact.
285 (29). Salm, Cact. Hort. Dyck. 189. Lab. 1. c. Walp. Ann. 5. 46.

Mamillaria aggregata. Engelm. in Emory’s Rep. 155, f. 1.

C. polyacanthus. Engelm. in Gray, Pl. Fendl. 50; Cact. Mex. Bound. 37,
t. 54, 55; Syn. Cact. 284 (28). Salm, Cact. Hort. Dyck. 189. Lab. Monogr. Cact.
315. Bigelow, Pac. R. Rep. 4. 36. Walp. Ann. 5. 45.

Echinocereus polyacanthus. Engelm. in Wisliz. Rep. 20. Walp. Ann. 3. 895.
C. princeps. Hort. Wurtzb.; fide Pfeiffer, Enum. Cact. 108. Salm, Cact. Hort.
Dyck. 49. Lab. 1. ec. 373. Engelm. in Trans. Acad. St. Louis, 2. 202.

C. variabilis. Engelm. in Gray, Pl. Lindh. 205, not Pfeiff.; Syn. Cact. 287 (31);
Cact. Mex. Bound. 40, t. 60, f. 1-4. Young, Fl. Texas, 276.

2? C. Vasmerii. Young, Fl. Texas, 276.

Cereus. Echinocactus.] CACTACES. 399

C. procumbens. Engelm. in Gray, Pl. Fendl. 50; Gray, Pl. Lindh. 203; Syn.
Cact. 286 (30); Cact. Mex. Bound. 388, t. 59, f. 1-11. Walp. Ann. 2. 685 & 5. 46.
Young, Fl. Texas, 275.
C. Reetteri. Engelm. Cact. Mex. Bound. 33, t. 41, f. 3-5; Proc. Am. Acad.
3. 345.
C. dasyacanthus, yar. minor. Engelm. Syn. Cact. 279 (23).
C. rufispinus. Engelm. in Gray, Pl. Fendl. 50; Syn. Cact. 280 (24). Salm, Cact,
Hort. Dyck. 193. Lab. Monogr. Cact. 820. Walp. Ann. 5. 43. (Chihuahua.)
Echinocereus rufispinus. Engelm. in Wisliz. Rep. 20. Walp. Ann. 5. 896.
C. Schottii. Engelm. Syn. Cact. 288 (82); Cact. Mex. Bound. 44, t. 74, f. 16
(seed); Bot. Calif. 1. 247. Walp. Ann. 5. 47.
¢. 2 Bigelow, Pac. R. Rep. 4. 37.
C. stramineus. Engelm. Syn. Cact. 282 (26); Cact. Mex. Bound. 35, t. 46, 47,
48,f.1. Bigelow, 1. c. 36. Walp. Ann. 5. 44.
C. Thurberi. Engelm. in Am. Journ. Sci. 2. 17. 284; Syn. Cact. 288 (82); Cact.
Mex. Bound. 44, t. 74, f. 15 (seed); Fl. Calif. 1. 247. Thurber, in Gray, PI.
Thurb. 302. Walp. Ann. 5. 47. Fl. Serres, 10. 29.
C. rriancuLaris, Haworth? Chapman, 144.
C. triglochidiatus. Engelm. in Gray, Pl. Fendl. 50 & 51; Syn. Cact. 283 (27).
Walp. Ann. 5. 45. Engelm. & Bigel. in Pac. R. Rep. 4. 34, t. 4, f. 6, 7.
Echinocereus triglochidiatus. Engelm. in Wisliz. Rep. 9. Walp. Ann. 3. 895.

C. tuberosus. Poselger, Allg. Gart. Zeit. 21. 135. Engelm. Syn. Cact. 286
(30); Cact. Mex. Bound. 39 & 76, t. 59,f.12. Walp. Ann. 5.46. Young, Fl.
Texas, 275.

C. viridiflorus. Engelm. in Gray, PI. Fendl. 50; Syn. Cact. 278 (22); Trans.
Acad, St. Louis, 2.199; King’s Rep. 5.118; Simpson’s Rep. 440. Salm, Cact.
Hort. Dyck. 192. Lab. Monogr. Cact. 319. Walp. Ann. 5. 42. Bigelow, Pac.
R. Rep. 4.32 & 36. Young, Fl. Texas, 273. Watson, Pl. Wheeler, 9. Porter,
F]. Col. 48.

Echinocereus viridiflorus. Engelm. in Wisliz. Rep. 7. Walp. Ann. 3. 895.

Var. cylindricus. Engelm. Cact. Mex. Bound. 28, t. 36; Syn. Cact. 1l.c. Walp.
Ann. 5, 42.

C. Californicus ; Opuntia serpentina. C. pheniceus ; conoideus.
coccineus ; phoeniceus. Pottsii ; Greggii.
concolor ; czespitosus. Reichenbachianus ; ceespitosus.
dasyacanthus ; Roetteri. Remeri; conoideus, pheeniceus.
deflexispinus; dasyacanthus. variabilis & Vasmerii ; princeps.

pectinatus ; ceespitosus.
pectiniferus ; pectinatus.

?; Schottii.

ECHINOCACTUS bicolor. Galeotti; Pfeiffer, Abbild. Cact. 2,t.25. Salm,
Cact. Hort. Dyck. 173. Lab. Monogr. Cact. 259. Scheer, Seem. Bot. Herald, 291.
Young, Fl. Texas, 280. (Northern Mexico.)

Var. Schottii. Engelm. Syn. Cact. 277 (21); Cact. Mex. Bound. 27. Walp.
Ann. 5. 41.
E. brevihamatus. Engelm. Syn. Cact. 271 (15); Cact. Mex. Bound. 19, t. 18,
19; Simpson’s Rep. 437. Walp. Ann. 5. 38.

400 CACTACEZ. [Echinocactus.

E. Californicus. Monville, Cat. 1846. Lab. Monogr. Cact. 199. Engelm. in
Am. Journ. Sci. 2. 14. 338. (Lower California ?)
E. cylindraceus. Engelm. Pac. R. Rep. 4.82; Syn. Cact. 275 (19); Cact. Mex.
Bound. 25, t. 30; Bot. Calif. 1. 245. Walp. Ann. 5.40. Fenzi, Bull. Soc. Tose.
Ortic. 2. 54, f. 7.

E. viridescens, var. (2) cylindraceus. Engelm. in Am. Journ. Sci. 2. 14. 338.
E. Emoryi. Engelm. in Emory’s Rep. 156, f.5; Syn. Cact. 275 (19); Cact. Mex.
Bound. 23, t. 28; Bot. Calif. 1.245. Engelm. & Bigel. Pac. R. Rep. 4. 31, t. 3,
f.3. Walp. Ann. 5. 40.
E. horizonthalonius. Lemaire, Cact. Nov. 19. Walp. Rep. 2. 317. Salm, Cact.
Hort. Dyck. 146. Lab. Monogr. Cact. 179. Engelm. Cact. Mex. Bound. 75

E. equitans. Scheidweil, Bull. Brux. 67.2. Walp. Rep. 2. 323.
Var. centrispinus. Engelm. Syn. Cact. 276 (20); Cact. Mex. Bound. 26, t. 31,
32, f. 1-5. Walp. Ann. 5. 41.

E. laticostatus. Engelm. & Bigel. Pac. R. Rep. 4. 82.

E. intertextus. Engelm. Syn. Cact. 277 (21) ; Cact. Mex. Bound. 27, t.34. Walp.
Ann. 5. 41.

Var. dasyacanthus. Engelm. Syn. Cact.1.c.; Cact. Mex. Bound. 28, t. 35,
£1-5. Walp.1l.c.

E. Johnsoni. Parry ; Engelm. in King’s Rep. 5. 117.

E. longihamatus. Galeotti; Pfeiffer, Abbild. Cact. 2,t.16. Salm, Cact. Hort.
Dyck. 152. Lab. Monogr. Cact. 201. Hook. Bot. Mag. t. 4632. Scheer, Seem.
Bot. Herald, 290. Engelm. Syn. Cact. 273 (17); Cact. Mex. Bound. 22 & 75,
t. 21-24. Walp. Ann. 5. 39.
E. flexispinus. Engelm. in Wisliz. Rep. 27. Walp. Ann. 3. 894.
E. setispinus, var. longehamatus. Poselger, Allg. Gart. Zeit. 21. 119.
Var. gracilispinus. Engelm. Syn. Cact.1.c.; Cact. Mex. Bound. 22. Walp.
Ann. 5. 40
E. hamatocanthus. Muhlenpf. in Allg. Gart. Zeit. 14. 3871. Walp. Ann. 1. 333.
Var. brevispinus. Engelm. ll. cc. Walp. 1. c.
E. papyracanthus. Engelm. Trans. Acad. St. Louis, 2. 202; Simpson’s Rep.
437.
Mamillaria papyracantha. Engelm. in Gray, Pl. Fendl. 49; Syn. Cact. 264 (8).
Walp. Ann. 2. 680.

E. Parryi. Engelm. Pac. R. Rep. 4. 82; Syn. Cact. 276 (20) ; Cact. Mex. Bound.
25, t. 32, f. 6, 7. Walp. Ann. 5.41. (Chihuahua.)

E. polyancistrus. Engelm. & Bagel: Pac. R. Rep. 4. 29, t.2,f.1,2. Engelm.
Syn. Cact. 272 (16); King’s Rep. 5. 116; Bot. Calif. 1. 245. Walp. Ann. 5. 39.

E. polycephalus. Engelm. & Bigel. Pac. R. Rep. 4. 31, t. 3, f. 4-6. Engelm.
Syn. Cact. 276 (20); Cact. Mex. Bound. 25; King’s Rep. 5. 117; Bot. Calif. 1. 246.
Walp. Ann. 5. 41. Watson, Pl. Wheeler, 9.

HE. pubispinus. Engelm. in Trans. Acad. St. Louis, 2. 199; King’s Rep. 5. 117;
Simpson’s Rep. 439.

EB. Scheerii. Salm, Cact. Hort. Dyck. 155. Scheer in Seem. Bot. Herald, 290.
Lab. Monogr. Cact. 204. Engelm. Syn. Cact. 271 (15); Cact. Mex. Bound. 18,
t. 17. Walp. Ann. 5. 38.

E. setispinus. Engelm. in Gray, Pl. Lindh. 201 ; Syn. Cact. 272 (16) ; Cact. Mex.
Bound. 21 & 75, t. 20. Dietr. Allg. Gart. Zeit. 16.18 & 19.44. Scheele, Roem.

Bchinocactus.| CACTACE. 401

Texas, 435. Salm, Cact. Hort. Dyck. 153. Lab. Monogr. Cact. 203. Walp. Ann.
5. 39. Gray, Hall’s Pl. Texas, 9.
E. hamatus. | Muhlenpf. in Allg. Gart. Zeit. 16. 18 (Bot. Zeit. 6. 597). Scheele,
Roem. Texas, 435.
E. Muhlenpfordti. Fennel, Allg. Gart. Zeit. 15. 65. Walp. Ann. 1. 334.
E. Cachetianus. Wem. in Cels. Cat. /
Var. setaceus. Engelm. in Gray, Pl. Lindh. 201; Syn. Cact. 1. e. Walp. lc.
E. setispinus. Engelm. in Pl. Lindh. 246 (58).
B. Simpsoni. Engelm. in Trans. Acad. St. Louis, 2.197; King’s Rep. 5. 117;
Hayd. Rep. 1871, 484; Simpson’s Rep. 437, t.1, 2. Porter, Fl. Col. 48. Gard.
Chronicle, 2. 6. 292, f. 60. Helmsley, The Garden, 11. 274, t. 68.

Var. minor. Engelm. in Simpson’s Rep. 437.
E. sinuatus. Dietr. Allg. Gart. Zeit. 19. 545 (Bot. Zeit. 12. 387). Engelm. Syn.
Cact. 273 (17); Cact. Mex. Bound. 21, t. 74, f. 11-14 (seeds). Walp. Ann. 5. 39.

E. Treculianus. ab. Monogr. Cact. 202.

E. setispinus, vars. sinuatus & robustus. Poselger, Allg. Gart. Zeit. 21. 119.

E. Texensis. Hoepf. in Allg. Gart. Zeit. 15.297. Engelm. in Wisliz. Rep. 29;
Gray, Pl. Lindh. 202; Syn. Cact. 276 (20); Cact. Mex. Bound. 27, t. 33. Scheele,
Roem. Texas, 435. Salm, Cact. Hort. Dyck. 150. Lab. Monogr. Cact. 196. Po-
selger, l.c. 118. Torr. & Gray, Pac. R. Rep. 2.165. Engelm. & Bigel. in same,
4,32. Walp. Ann. 5. 41. Gray, Hall’s Pl. Texas, 9. Young, Fl. Texas, 279.

E. Lindheimeri. FEngelm. P1. Lindh. 246 (58). Dietr. Allg. Gart. Zeit. 16.18.
E. uncinatus. MHoepf. in Foerst. Handb. 321. Pfeiffer, Abbild. Cact. 2, t. 18.
Salm, Cact. Hort. Dyck. 153. Lab. Monogr. Cact. 201. Scheer, Seem. Bot. Her-
ald, 290. Engelm. Cact. Mex. Bound. 21, t. '74, f. 9 (seeds).

E. ancylacanthus. Monville, Cat. 1846, fide Lab. 1. c.

Var. Wrightii. Engelm. Syn. Cact. 272 (16) ; Cact. Mex. Bound. 20, t. 74, f. 10
(seeds). Walp. Ann. 5. 39.
E. unguispinus. Engelm. in Wisliz. Rep. 27. Salm, Cact. Hort. Dyck. 154.
Lab. Monogr. Cact. 203. (Chihuahua.)
E. viridescens. Nutt.; Torr. & Gray, Fl.1.554. Engelm. in Am. Journ. Sci.
2. 14. 338, excl. var.; Syn. Cact. 275 (19); Cact. Mex. Bound. 24, t. 29; Ives’ Rep.
13; Bot. Calif. 1.245. Walp. Ann. 5.40. Young, Fl. Texas, 280. Gard. Chroni-
cle, 2. 7. 172, f. 26.

Melocactus viridescens. Teschemacher, Journ. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist. 5. 298.

E. Whipplei. Engelm. & Bigel. Pac. R. Rep. 4. 28,t.1. Engelm. Syn. Cact.
271 (15); Ives’ Rep. 12; Trans. Acad. St. Louis, 2. 199; King’s Rep. 5. 116; Bot.
Calif. 1. 244. Walp. Ann. 5. 39. Brandegee, Fl. S. W. Col. 237.
Var. spinosior. Engelm. in Simpson’s Rep. 459.

E. Wislizeni. Engelm. in Wisliz. Rep. 12; Emory’s Rep. 156, f.4; Syn. Cact.
274 (18); Cact. Mex. Bound. 23 & 75, t. 25, 26; Bot. Calif. 1. 246. Salm, Cact.
Hort. Dyck. 151. Lab. Monogr. Cact. 200. Scheer, Seem. Bot. Herald, 290 & 346.
Bigelow, Pac. R. Rep. 4.12. Engelm. & Bigel., same, 4. 30, t.3,f.1,2. Walp.
Ann. 3. 894. Watson, Pl. Wheeler, 9.

E. Leconte. Engelm. Pac. R. Rep. 4. 29, t. 2, f. 3-5; Syn. Cact. 274 (18);
Cact. Mex. Bound. 23, t. 27; Ives’ Rep. 15. Torrey, Pac. R. Rep. 7.11. Walp.
Ann. 5. 40.

402 CACTACE. [Mamillaria.

E. ancylacanthus ; uncinatus. E. Lindheimeri; Texensis.
Cachetianus ; setispinus. Muhlenpfordtii ; setispinus.
equitans ; horizonthalonius. pectinatus & pectiniferus ; Cereus pec-
Jlexispinus & hamatocanthus ; longiha- tinatus.

matus. Reichenbachii ; Cereus cxspitosus.

hamatus ; setispinus. setispinus ; longihamatus, sinuatus.
laticostatus ; horizonthalonius. Treculianus ; sinuatus.
Lecontei ; Wislizeni. viridescens ; cylindraceus.

MAMILLARIA Arizonica. Engelm. in Watson, Pl. Wheeler, 9; Bot. Calif.
1. 244.

M. barbata. Engelm. in Wisliz. Rep. 21; Syn. Cact. 261 (5); Cact. Mex. Bound.
64, t. 6, f. 9-12; Trans. Acad. St. Louis, 2.201. Salm, Cact. Hort. Dyck. 82.
Lab. Monogr. Cact. 80. Walp. Ann. 3. 894 & 5. 34. (Chihuahua.)
M. bicolor. Lehmann, Del. Sem. Hamb. 1830 (Litt.-Ber. zu Linnea, 1831, 11).
Pfeiffer, Enum. Cact. 27; Abbild. Cact.1,t.3. Walp. Rep. 2. 289; Ann. 5.35.
Dietr. 3.90. Salm, Cact. Hort. Dyck. 89. Lab. Monogr. Cact. 57. Poselger,
Allg. Gart. Zeit. 21.94. Engelm. Syn. Cact. 263 (7); Trans. Acad. St. Louis,
2.202. (Mexico.)
M. nivea. Wendland, Cat. Hort. Herrn. 1835. Pfeiff. 1. ¢. 27. Walp. 1. ec. 289.
M. geminispina. Haworth, Phil. Mag. 63. 42.

M. calcarata. Engelm. in Gray, Pl. Lindh. 195; Syn. Cact. 267 (11); Cact. Mex.
Bound. 14, t. 74, f. 1 (seed). Salm, Cact. Hort. Dyck. 1381. Lab. Monogr. Cact.
142. . Walp. Ann. 5. 37.

M. sulcata. Engelm. Pl. Lindh. 246 (88), not Pfeiff. (Allg. Gart. Zeit. 16. 18).
Torrey, Emory’s Rep. 408.

M. strobiliformis. _Muhlenpf. in Allg. Gart. Zeit. 16.19 (Bot. Zeit. 6. 597), not

Scheer. Scheele, Roem. Texas, 435.
M. compacta. Engelm. in Wisliz. Rep. 21; Gray, Pl. Lindh. 196; Syn. Cact.
266 (10); Cact. Mex. Bound. t. 74, f. 2 (seed). Walp. Ann. 3. 894. (Chihuahua.)
M. conoidea. DC. Rev. Cact. 112; Mém. Cact. 6, t. 2. Pfeiffer, Enum. Cact. 35.
Walp. Rep. 2.291. Dietr. 3.92 & 94. Salm, Cact. Hort. Dyck. 104. Pfeiffer,
Abbild. Cact. 2, t.26. Lab. Monogr. Cact. 86. Engelm. Syn. Cact. 268 (12).
(Mexico.)

M. inconspicua. Scheidw. Bull. Acad. Brux. 5. 495. Walp. Rep. 2.801.

M. diaphanacantha. Wemaire, Cact. Nov. 39.

M. echinocactoides. Pfeiffer, Allg. Gart. Zeit. 8.281. Walp. Rep. 2. 299.

M. strobiliformis. Engelm. in Wisliz. Rep. 29, not Scheer. Walp. Ann. 3. 894.
M. dasyacantha. Engelm. Syn. Cact. 268 (12); Cact. Mex. Bound. 15, t. 12,
f. 17-22. Walp. Ann. 5. 37.

M. Echinus. Engelm. Syn. Cact. 267 (11); Cact. Mex. Bound. 15, t. 10. Walp.
Ann. 5. 37.

M. fasciculata. Engelm. in Emory’s Rep. 156, f. 2.

M. Goodridgii. Scheer; Salm, Cact. Hort. Dyck. 91. Lab. Monogr. Cact. 52.
Scheer, Seem. Bot. Herald, 286. Engelm. in Am. Journ. Sci. 2. 14. 3858; Syn. Cact.
262 (6); Cact. Mex. Bound. 8, t. 8, f. 9-14; Bot. Calif. 1.243. Walp. Ann. 5. 34.
M. Grahami. Engelm. Syn. Cact. 262 (6); Cact. Mex. Bound. 7 & 74, t. 6, £. 1-8;
Pac. R. Rep. 4. 27; Ives’ Rep. 12; King’s Rep. 5. 115; Bot. Calif. 1.244. Walp.
Ann. 5. 34.

‘ M. microcarpa. Engelm. in Emory’s Rep. 156, f. 3.

Mamillaria.] CACTACES, 403

M. gummifera. Engelm. in Wisliz. Rep. 21; Gray, Pl. Lindh. 199; Syn. Cact. 264
(8); Cact. Mex. Bound. 8, t. 9, f. 18-20. Walp. Ann. 2. 681.
M. Heyderi. Muhlenpf. in Allg. Gart. Zeit. 16. 20 (Bot. Zeit. 7.598). Scheele,
Roem. Texas, 435. Walp. Ann. 2. 680 & 5. 35. Engelm. Syn. Cact. 263 (7) ; Cact.
Mex. Bound. 8, t. 9, f. 4-14.

M. applanata. Engelm. in Gray, PI. Lindh. 198. Salm, Cact. Hort. Dyck. 109.
Lab. Monogr. Cact. 84.

M. declivis. Dietr. Allg. Gart. Zeit. 18. 235. Walp. Ann. 2. 680.

M. Texensis. WLabouret, Monogr. Cact. 89.

Var. hemispherica. Engelm. Syn. Cact. 1. c.; Cact. Mex. Bound. 8, t. 9,

f. 15-17.

M. hemispherica. Engelm. in Gray, Pl. Lindh. 198. Walp. 1. c.
M. lasiacantha. Engelm. Syn. Cact. 261 (5); Cact. Mex. Bound. 5. & 73, t. 3, 4.
Walp. Ann. 5. 35.
M. macromeris. Engelm. in Wisliz. Rep. 15; Syn. Cact. 270 (14); Cact. Mex.
Bound. 16 & 74, t.14, 15. Salm, Cact. Hort. Dyck. 153. Lab. Monogr. Cact.
145. Walp. Ann. 3. 893.

M. dactylithele. Labouret, 1. c. 146.

M. meiacantha. Engelm. Pac. R. Rep. 4. 27; Syn. Cact. 263 (7); Cact. Mex.
Bound. 9, t. 9, f. 1-3. Walp. Ann. 5. 35.

M. micromeris. Engelm. Syn. Cact. 260 (4); Cact. Mex. Bound. 3 & 75, t. 1 & 2,
f. 1-4. Walp. Ann. 5. 33. Wood, Cl.-Book, 360.

Var. Greggii. Engelm. Syn. Cact. 261 (5). Walp. 1. c.

M. Missouriensis. Sweet, Hort. Brit. 171. Don, Mill. 8. 160. Dietr. 3. 94.

Cactus mamillaris. Nutt. Genera, 1. 295, not Linn. James, Long’s Exped. 2. 140.
Torrey, Ann. Lye. N. Y. 2. 202. Hat. & Wr. 163.

M. simpler. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 553.

M. Nuttall. Engelm. in Gray, Pl. Fendl. 49; Gray, Pl. Lindh. 199; Pl. Upp.
Miss. 192; Syn. Cact. 260 (14); Cact. Mex. Bound. t. 74, f. 6 (seed); King’s Rep.
5.116. Walp. Ann. 2. 680 & 5. 35.

Var. czespitosa.

M. cespitosa. Gray, Struct. Bot. 421, f. 838.

M. similis. Engelm. Pl. Lindh. 246 (38); Gray, Pl. Lindh. 200 (Allg. Gart.
Zeit. 16.18). Salm, Cact. Hort. Dyck. 106. Lab. Monogr. Cact. 79.

M. Nuttallii, var. cespitosa. Engelm. Syn. Cact. 265 (9); Cact. Mex. Bound.
10, t. 74, f. 7 (seed). Walp. Ann. 5. 36. Porter, Fl. Col. 47.

Var. robustior.

M. similis, var. robustior. Engelm. in Gray, Pl. Lindh. 200. Salm, 1. c.

M. Nuttallii, var. robustior. Engelm. & Bigel. Pac. R. Rep. 4.28. Engelm, Syn.
Cact. 265 (9). Walp. Ann. 5. 36.
M. pectinata. Engelm. Syn. Cact. 266 (10); Cact. Mex. Bound. 12 & 74, t. 11.
Walp. Ann. 5. 36.
M. phellosperma. Engelm. Syn. Cact. 262 (6); Cact. Mex. Bound. 6, t.'7; Ives
Rep. 12; King’s Rep. 5.115; Bot. Calif. 1.244. Engelm. & Bigel. Pac. R. Rep.
4.27. Torrey, same, 5. 360. Walp. Ann. 5. 34.

M. tetrancistra. Engelm. in Am. Journ. Sci. 2. 14. 337, in part. Bigelow, Pac.
R. Rep. 4. 15.
M. Pottsii. Scheer; Salm, Cact. Hort. Dyck. 104. Scheer, Seem. Bot. Herald,
287. Lab. Monogr. Cact. 72. Engelm. Syn. Cact. 268 (12). Walp. Ann. 5. 37.

?

404 CACTACE. [Mamillaria.

M. pusilla. DC. Rev. Cact. 29, t. 2,f.1; Prodr. 3. 459. Pfeiffer, Enum. 36.
Salm, Cact. Hort. Dyck. 7. Lab. 1. ¢. 25.

Cactus stellatus. Willd. Enum. Suppl. 30. Lodd. Bot. Cab. t. '79.

Cactus pusillus. DC. Cat. h. Monsp. 184.

M. stellaris, Haworth, Syn. Pl. Succ. Suppl. 72.

Var. Texana. Engelm. Syn. Cact. 261 (5); Cact. Mex. Bound. 5,t.5. Walp.

Ann. 5. 34.

M. Texana. Young, Fl. Texas, 279.

M. recurvata. Engelm. in Trans. Acad. St. Louis, 2. 202. (Sonora.)

M. recurvispina. Engelm. Syn. Cact. 266 (10); Cact. Mex. Bound. 12.
M. robustispina. Schott; Engelm. Syn. Cact. 265 (9); Cact. Mex. Bound. 11,
t. 74, f. 8 (seed). Walp. Ann. 5. 36.

M. Scheerii. Muhlenpf. in Allg. Gart. Zeit. 15. 97, t. 2 (Bot. Zeit. 5. 495), not
15. 846 (Walp. Rep. 5. 810). Salm, Cact. Hort. Dyck. 133. Lab. Monogr. Cact.
147. Scheer, Seem. Bot. Herald, 289. Engelm. Cact. Mex. Bound. 11.

Var. (?) valida. Engelm. Syn. Cact. 265 (9); Cact. Mex. Bound. 10 & 74.

M. scolymoides. Scheidweil, Allg. Gart. Zeit. 9. 44. Walp. Rep. 2. 259. Salm,
Cact. Hort. Dyck. 181. Lab. Monogr. Cact. 144. Engelm. Syn. Cact. 267 (11 &
59); Cact. Mex. Bound. 14 & 74.

M. spherica. Dietr. Allg. Gart. Zeit. 21. 94. Engelm. Syn. Cact. 264 (8) ; Cact.
Mex. Bound. 9 & 74. Walp. Ann. 5. 35. Young, FI. Texas, 279.

M. strobiliformis. Scheer; Salm, Cact. Hort. Dyck. 104, not Muhlenpf. Scheer,
Seem. Bot. Herald, 287. Lab. Monogr. Cact. 73. Engelm. Cact. Mex. Bound. 74.

M. tuberculosa. Engelm. Syn. Cact. 268 (12); Cact. Mex. Bound. 14, t. 22,
f.1-16. Walp. Ann. 5. 37.
M. vivipara. Haworth, Syn. Pl. Succ. Suppl. 72. DC. Prodr. 3. 459. Don, Mill.
3. 160. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 554. Walp. Rep. 2. 291; Ann. 5.37. Leavenworth,
Am. Journ. Sci. 1. 49. 130. Engelm. in Gray, Pl. Fendl. 49; Gray, Pl. Lindh. 197;
Pl. Upp. Miss. 192 ; Syn. Cact. 269 (15); Cact. Mex. Bound. 15, t. 64, f. 3; Trans.
Acad. St. Louis, 2. 197 ; King’s Rep. 5. 115; Hayd. Rep. 1871, 484; Simpson’s Rep.
436. Salm, Cact. Hort. Dyck. 106. Lab. Monogr. Cact. 79. Dietr. 5. 92. Porter,
Fl. Col. 48. Watson, Pl. Wheeler, 9.

Cactus viviparus. Nutt. in Fras. Cat.; Genera, 1.295. Pursh, 755. Poir. Suppl.
5. 587. Bradbury, Cat. 336. James, Cat. 181. Spreng. Syst. 2.494. Torrey,
Ann. Lye. N. Y. 2. 202. Eat. & Wr. 163.

M. Missouriensis. Scheer, Seem. Bot. Herald, 287.

Var. radiosa. Engelm. in Gray, Pl. Fendl. 49; Syn. Cact.1.¢.; Cact. Mex.
Bound. 15, t. 74, f. 4, S (seed). Engelm. & Bigel. Pac. R. Rep. 4.28. Walp.
Ann. 5. 38.

M.radiosa. Engelm. in Gray, Pl. Lindh. 196. Salm, Cact. Hort. Dyck. 105.
Lab. Monogr. Cact. 78.
M. Wrightii. Engelm. Pac. R. Rep. 4. 27; Syn. Cact. 262 (6); Cact. Mex.
Bound. 7 & 74, t. 8 f.1-8. Walp. Ann. 5. 34.

M. aggregata; Cereus pheeniceus. M. declivis ; Heyderi.
applanata ; Heyderi. diaphanacantha & echinocactoides ; con-
ceespitosa ; Missouriensis. oidea.

dactylithele ; macromeris. Jasciculata ; Cereus Fendleri.

Mamillaria. Opuntia.] CACTACES. 405

M. fissurata; Anhalonium fissuratum. | MV. radiosa ; vivipara.
geminispina ; bicolor. recurvispina ; recurvata.
hemispherica ; Heyderi. similis & simplex ; Missouriensis.
inconspicua ; conoidea. stellaris ; pusilla.
microcarpa ; Grahami. strobiliformis ; calcarata, conoidea.
Missouriensis ; vivipara. sulcata ; calcarata.
nivea ; bicolor. tetrancistra ; phellosperma.
Nuttallii ; Missouriensis. Texana ; pusilla.
papyracantha ; Echinocactus papyra- Texensis ; Hey deri.

cantha. tuberculosa ; strobiliformis.

OPUNTIA acanthocarpa. Engelm. & Bigel. Pac. R. Rep. 4. 51, t. 18, f. 1-3, &
t. 24, f.11 (seeds). Engelm. Syn. Cact. 508 (52); King’s Rep. 5. 120. Walp.
Ann. 5. 56.

¢ O. Californica. Engelm. in Emory’s Rep. 157, f. 11.

O. angustata. Engelm. & Bigel. 1. c. 39, t. 7, f. 3,4, & t. 22,f.11 (seed). En-
gelm. Syn. Cact. 292 (56); Fl. Calif. 248. Walp. Ann. 5. 50.

O. arborescens. Engelm. in Wisliz. Rep. 6; Emory’s Rep. 157, f.10; Gray, Pl.
Fendl. 52, & Pl. Lindh. 208; Syn. Cact. 507 (51) ; Cact. Mex. Bound. 58 & 77, t. 75,
f. 16,17 (seeds); Ives’ Rep. 14; King’s Rep. 120. Salm, Cact. Hort. Dyck. 250.
Lab. Monogr. Cact. 492. Walp. Ann. 3. 896 & 5. 56. Thurber in Gray, Pl. Thurb.
300. Engelm. & Bigel. Pac. R. Rep. 4. 51, t. 17, f. 5, 6, t.18, f. 4, & t. 24, f.12
(seeds). Porter, Fl. Col. 49. Watson, Pl. Wheeler, 9.

Cactus cylindricus. James, Cat. 182; Long’s Exp. 2. 208. Eat. & Wr. 164.

Cactus Bleo. Torrey, Ann. Lye. N. Y. 2. 202.

O. exuviata, var. stellata. Wemaire, Man. Cact. 1845.

O. exuviata. Scheele, Roem. Texas, 434.

O. arbuscula. Engelm. Syn. Cact. 509 (53); Cact. Mex. Bound. 60. Walp.
Ann. 5. 57.

O. arenaria. Engelm. Syn. Cact. 301 (45); Cact. Mex. Bound. 52 & 57, t. 75,
f.15 (seed). Walp. Ann. 5. 53.
O. basilaris. Engelm. & Bigel. Pac. R. Rep. 4. 43, t. 13, f. 1-5, & t. 23, f. 14
(seed). Engelm. Syn. Cact. 298 (42); Cact. Mex. Bound. 52; Ives’ Rep. 14; King’s
Rep. 5. 118; Bot. Calif. 249. Walp. Ann. 5. 52. Watson, Pl. Wheeler, 9.
O. Bigelovii. Engelm. in Pac. R. Rep. 4. 50, t. 19, £ 1-7; Syn. Cact. 307 (51) ;
Bot. Calif. 1. 250. Walp. Ann. 5. 56. Watson, Pl. Wheeler, 9.

0. tn. sp. Bigelow, Pac. R. Rep. 4. 13.

O. Camanchica. Engelm. & Bigel. Pac. R. Rep. 4. 40, t. 9, f. 1-5, & t. 22,
f. 12-15 (seed). Engelm. Syn. Cact. 291 (35). Walp. Ann. 5.50. Porter, FI.
Col. 49.
O. chlorotica. Engelm. & Bigel. Pac. R. Rep. 4. 38, t. 6, f. 1-3. Engelm. Syn.
Cact. 291 (35); Bot. Calif. 1. 248. Walp. Ann. 5. 49.

O. Tidballit. Bigelow, Pac. R. Rep. 4. 11.
O. clavata. Engelm. in Wisliz. Rep. 11; Gray, Pl. Fendl. 52; Syn. Cact. 502
(46). “Salm, Cact. Hort. Dyck. 244. Lab. Monogr. Cact. 482. Walp. Ann. 3. 896.
Engelm. & Bigel. Pac. R. Rep. 4. 48, t. 22, f. 1-3, & t. 24, f. 6 (seed).
O. Davisii. Engelm. & Bigel. Pac. R. Rep. 4. 49,t.16. Engelm. Syn. Cact.
305 (49). Walp. Ann. 5. 50.

406 CACTACE. [Opuntia.

O. echinocarpa. Engelm. & Bigel. 1. c. t. 18, f. 5-10, & t. 24, f. 8 (seeds). En-
gelm. Syn. Cact. 3805 (49); Ives’ Rep. 14; Bot. Calif. 1. 250. Walp. Ann. 5. 55.
Parry, Am. Naturalist, 9. 20.
Var. major. Engelm. Syn. Cact. 1 c.; Cact. Mex. Bound. 56.

O. Emoryi. Engelm. Syn. Cact. 503 (47); Cact. Mex. Bound. 53, t. 70, 71;
Bot. Calif. 1. 249. Walp. Ann. 5. 54.
O. Engelmanni. Salm, Cact. Hort. Dyck. 255. Engelm. in Gray, Pl. Lindh.
207; Am. Journ. Sci. 2. 14. 338; Syn. Cact. 290 (34); Cact. Mex. Bound. 47, t. 75,
f. 1-4 (seeds); Bot. Calif. 1.248. Scheer, Seem. Bot. Herald, 293. Walp. Ann.
2. 686 & 5. 49. Lab. Monogr. Cact. 460. Young, Fl. Texas, 278.

O. Lindheimeri. Engelm. in Gray, Pl. Lindh. 207. Walp. Ann. 2. 686.

¢ O. dulcis. Engelm. Cact. Mex. Bound. 48, t. 75, f. 5-7 (seeds).

Var. cyclodes. Engelm. & Bigel. Pac. R. Rep. 4. 37, t. 8, f.1, &t. 22,f.8,9
(seed). Engelm. Syn. Cact. 291 (35).
Var. occidentalis. Engelm. in Pac. R. Rep. 4, errata iii.; Syn. Cact. 290 (34) ;
Bot. Calif. 1. 248.
O. occidentalis. Engelm. & Bigel. lc. 4. 38, t. 7, £1, 2, & t. 22, f. 10 (seed).
Var. (?) littoralis. Engelm. in Bot. Calif. 1. 248.

O. Ficus-Inpica, Mill. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1.555. Engelm. Syn. Cact. 290 (34) ;
Bot. Calif 1. 248. Chapman, 144. Wood, Bot. & FI. 182.

O. filipendula. Engelm. Syn. Cact. 294 (38); Cact. Mex. Bound. 51, t. 68.
Walp. Ann. 5. 51.

O. fragilis. Haworth, Syn. Pl. Suce. Suppl. 82. DC. Prodr. 3. 472. Don, Mill.
3. 172. Pfeiffer, Allg. Gart. Zeit. 6.276; Enum. Cact. 147. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 555.
Dietr. 8.112. Spach, Hist. Veg. 15. 398. Walp. Rep. 2. 354. Salm, Cact. Hort.
Dyck. 248. Lab. Monogr. Cact. 481. Trecul, Bull. Bot. Soc. France, 1. 806. En-
gelm. Pl. Upp. Miss. 192; Syn. Cact. 301 (45); Trans. Acad. St. Louis, 2. 200;
King’s Rep. 5.119; Simpson’s Rep. 442. Engelm. & Bigel. Pac. R. Rep. 4. 48,
t. 24, f. 5 (seed). Walp. Ann. 5. 54.

Cactus fragilis. Nutt. Genera, 1. 296. James, Long’s Exped. 2. 188. Spreng.
Syst. 2.497. Torrey, Ann. Lyc. N. Y. 2. 202. Eat. & Wr. 163.

2 O. brachyarthra. Engelm. & Bigel. Pac. R. Rep. 4. 47, t.12,f£9. Engelm.
Syn. Cact. 302 (46). Walp. Ann. 5. 54.

O. fulgida. Engelm. Syn. Cact. 306 (50); Cact. Mex. Bound. 57, t. 75, f. 18
(seed); Bot. Calif. 1. 250 (as O. fulgens). Walp. Ann. 5. 56.

O. fusco-atra. Engelm. Pac. R. Rep. 4, t. 11, f.4; Syn. Cact. 297 (41). Walp.

Ann. 5. 52.

O. Grahami. Engelm. Syn. Cact. 304 (48); Cact. Mex. Bound. 55, t. 72. Walp.
Ann. 5. 55.

O. hystricina. Engelm. & Bigel. Pac. R. Rep. 4. 44, t. 15, f. 5-7, & t. 23, f. 15
(seed); Syn. Cact. 299 (48); Ives’ Rep. 14; Trans. Acad. St. Louis, 2. 200; King’s
Rep. 5. 119; Simpson’s Rep. 441. Walp. Ann. 5. 53.

O. Kleiniz. DC. Rey. Cact. 118. Pfeiff. Enum. Cact. 171. Salm. Cact. Hort.
Dyck. 250. Walp. Rep. 2. 353. Engelm. Cact. Mex. Bound. 77.

O. Wright. Engelm. Syn. Cact. 308 (52); Cact. Mex. Bound. 59 & 77. Walp.
Ann. 5. 57.
O. leptocaulis. DC. Rev. Cact.118. Pfeiffer, Enum. Cact. 173. Walp. Rep.
2.353. Salm, Cact. Hort. Dyck. 250. Lab. Monogr. Cact. 493. Scheer, Seem.
Bot. Herald, 293. Engelm. in Bot. Calif. 1. 250.

Opuntia.] CACTACE. — 407

O. fragilis, var. frutescens. Engelm. Pl. Lindh. 245 (37).

O. frutescens. Engelm. in Wisliz. Rep. 28; Gray, Pl. Lindh. 208; Syn. Cact. 309
(53); Cact. Mex. Bound. 60 & 77; King’s Rep. 5. 120. Scheele, Roem. Texas, 434.
Salm, Cact. Hort. Dyck. 251. Lab. Monogr. Cact. 494. Scheer, Seem. Bot.
Herald, 293. Torr. & Gray, Pac. R. Rep. 2. 165. Engelm. & Bigel. Pac. R. Rep.
4, 53, t. 20, f. 2,3, & t. 24, f. 16-18 (seed). Walp. Ann. 5.57. Gray, Hall’s Pl.
Texas, 9.

Var. brevispina.

% O. gracilis. Mart. Hort. Monac. ; Pfeiffer, Enum. Cact.172. Walp.l.c. Salm,
Cact. Hort. Dyck. 251.

@ O. virgata. Hort. Vindob.

O. frutescens, var. brevispina. Engelm. Pac. R. Rep. 4. 56, t. 20, f. 4, 5, & t. 24,
f. 19 (seed) ; Syn. Cact. 3809 (53). Walp. Ann. 5. 57.

Var. vaginata.

O. vaginata. Engelm. in Wisliz. Rep. 16; Emory’s Rep. 158, f.12; Syn. Cact.
309 (53). Walp. Ann. 3. 897 & 5.57. Engelm. & Bigel. Pac. R. Rep. 4. 52, t. 20,
f.1, & t. 24, f. 13-15 (seeds).

O. macrocentra. Engelm. Syn. Cact. 292 (56) ; Cact. Mex. Bound. 49, t. 75, £. 8
(seed). ~Walp. Ann. 5. 50.

O. mamillata. Schott; Engelm. Syn. Cact. 308 (52); Cact. Mex. Bound. 58,
t. 75, f. 19 (seed) ; Bot. Calif. 1. 250. Walp. Ann. 5. 57.

O. microdasys. Lehm. Ind. Sem. Hamb. 1827, 16; Act. Acad. Leop. 16. 317
(Pug. Pl. 1.11 &2.5). Pfeiffer, Enum. Cact. 154. Walp. Rep. 2. 348. Salm,
Cact. Hort. Dyck. 241. Lab. Monogr. Cact.471. Engelm. Syn. Cact. 298 (42).
(North-eastern Mexico.)

O. pulvinata. DC. Rev. Cact. 119.

O. Missouriensis. DC.:Prodr. 3.472. Salm, Hort. Dyck. 363; Cact. Hort.
Dyck. 67. Don, Mill. 3.172. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 555, in part. Pfeiffer, Enum.
Cact. 158. Walp. Rep. 2.349; Ann. 5.53. Dietr. 3.114. Torrey, Frem. Rep.
90; Emory’s Rep. 408. Spach, Hist. Veg. 13.405. Engelm. Pl. Lindh. 38; PL.
Upp. Miss. 192; Syn. Cact. 299 (43); King’s Rep. 5.118; Hayd. Rep. 1871, 483;
Simpson’s Rep. 442. Lab. Monogr. Cact. 461. Engelm. & Bigel. Pac. R. Rep.
4. 44, t. 14, f. 1-3, & t. 23, f. 16 (seed). Gray, Pac. R. Rep. 12. 43; Proc. Acad.
Philad. 1863, 61; Manual, 185. Pl. Bourgeau, 256. Porter, Fl. Col. 49. Helms-
ley, Garden, 11. 275.

Cactus ferox. Nutt. Genera, 1. 296, not Willd. James, Long’s Exped. 2. 140 &
156. Torrey, Ann. Lyc. N. Y. 2.202. Hat. & Wr. 163.

O. polyacantha. Haworth, Syn. Pl. Succ. Suppl. 82.

O. media. Haworth, Syn. Pl. Succ. Suppl. 82; fide Salm, Hort. Dyck. 365.
Pfeiffer, Enum. Cact. 158. Dietr. 3.114. Walp. Rep. 2. 350.

2 O. splendens. . Hort. Angl.; Pfeiffer, 1. c. 159.

O. Missouriensis, var. elongata. Salm, Cact. Hort. Dyck. 67.

Var. platycarpa. Engelm. Pac. R. Rep. 4. 46, t. 14, f. 4, & t. 23, f. 17 (seed) ;
Syn. Cact. 300 (44). Walp. 1. ec.

Var. microsperma. Engelm. ll. cc., t. 14, f. 5-7, & t. 24, f. 1, 2 (seeds).
Walp. 1: c.

Var. albispina, Engelm. ll. cc. t. 14, f 8-10, & t. 23, f. 18 (seed); Simpson’s
Rep. 442. Walp. Ann. 5. 53.

Var. trichophora. Engelm. 1. c. t. 15, f. 1-4, & t. 23, £19 (seed) ; Syn. Cact. 44.
Walp. l.c. '

408 CACTACES. [Opuntia.

Q. Mohavensis. Engelm. & Bigel. Pac. R. Rep. 4. 40, t. 9, f£. 6-8; Syn. Cact-
293 (37); Bot. Calif. 1. 248. Walp. Ann. 5. 50.
Q. Parryi. Engelm. in Am. Journ. Sci. 2. 14. 339; sbi Cact. 303 (47); Cact.
Mex. Bound. 53; Bot. oa 1. 249. Engelm. & Bigel. 1. c. 48, t. 22, f. 4-7, & t. 24,
f. 7 (seed). Walp. Ann. 5, 54.
O. Pes-Corvi. LeConte; Chapman, 145. Engelm. in Proc. Am. Acad. 3. 346 ;
Trans. Acad. St. Louis, 2. 204; Simpson’s Rep. 442. Wood, Bot. & Fl. 132.
- O. phezacantha. Engelm. in Gray, PI. Fendl. 51; Syn. Cact. 292 (36) ; Cact. Mex.
Bound. 49, t. 75, f. 9-13 (seed). Walp. Ann. 2. 686 & 5. 50.

Var. major. Engelm. & Bigel. Pac. R. Rep. 4. 40. Engelm. Syn. Cact. 273 (37).

O. polyantha. Haworth, Syn. Pl. Suce. 190. DC. Prodr. 8. 472. Pfeiff. Enum.
163. Walp. Rep. 2. 351. Chapman, 145. Wood, Bot. & Fl. 132.

Cactus polyanthus. Sims, Bot. Mag. t. 2691. DC. Pl. Grass. t. 138.

O. procumbens. Engelm. & Bigel. Pac. R. Rep. 4. 39, t. 6, f.4,5. Engelm.
Syn. Cact. 292 (36). Walp. Ann. 5. 49.

O. prolifera. Engelm. in Am. Journ. Sci. 2. 14. 388; Syn. Cact. 306 (50); Cact.
Mex. Bound. 56; Bot. Calif. 250. Walp. Ann. 5. 56.

O. pulchella. Engelm. in Trans. Acad. St. Louis, 2.
Calif. 1. 249; Simpson’s Rep. 443, t. 3.

O. Rafinesquii. Engelm. Pac. R. Rep. 4. 41, t. 10, f. 3-5, & t. 22, f. '7, 8 (seeds) ;
Syn. Cact. 295 (39); Torrey Bot. Bull. 2.34. Walp. Ann. 5.51. Lemaire, III.
Hort. 15, Mise. 49, fig. Haage & Schmidt, Rev. Hort. 1868, 90, f. 10,11. Gray,
Manual, 185. Porter, Fl. Col. 49. Peck, Torrey Bot. Bull. 2. 37. Helmsley, Gar-
den, 11. 274.

Cactus Opuntia. Torrey, Fl. U. 8. 466, in part. Audubon, Birds, t.69. Bigel.
Fl. Bost. 8 ed. 203. ,

O. mesacantha & ecespitosa. Raf. in Seringe, Bull. Bot. Gen. 1850, 216 (Litt.-
Ber. zu Linnea, 1833, 81); Fl. Med. 2. 247. Pfeiffer, Enum. Cact. 146. Walp.
Rep. 2. 346.

O. vulgaris. Beck, Bot. 135, in part. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 555, in part. Torrey,
Fl. N. Y. 1. 245. Emerson, Trees of Mass. 424. Parry, Pl. Minn. 612.

O. vulgaris, var. (2) Rafinesquii. Gray, Manual, 2 ed. 156.

Var. microsperma. Engelm. in Pac. R. Rep. 4. 41; Syn. Cact. 295 (39).
Var. minor. Engelm. in Pac. R. Rep. 4. 41, t. 11, f. 1.
Var. (?) grandiflora. Engelm. 1. c. t. 11, f. 2,3; Syn. Cact. 1. ¢.

O. sp. Engelm. PI. Lindh. 246 (38).

O. intermedia. Engelm. in Gray, Pl. Lindh. 206.

Var. (?) cymochila. Engelm. & Bigel. 1. c. 42, t. 12, f. 1-3, & t. 23, f. 10-12
(seed). Engelm. Syn. Cact. 1. e.

Var. (?) stenochila. Engelm. & Bigel. 1. c. 43, t. 12, f. 4-6, & t. 23, f. 9 (seed).
Engelm. Syn. Cact. 296 (40).

Var. (?) macrorhiza. Engelm. Syn. Cact. 296 (40).

O. macrorhiza. Engelm. in Gray, Pl. Lindh. 206; Cact. Mex. Bound. 61, t. 69.

Salm, Cact. Hort. Dyck. 243. Lab. Monogr. Cact. 477. Young, Fl. Texas, 278.
Var. (¢) fusiformis. Engelm. & Bigel. Pac. R. Rep. 4. 48, t. 12, f£. 7, 8, & t. 23,
f. 6 (seed). Engelm. Pl. Upp. Miss. 192; Syn. Cact. 397 (41).

O. rufida. Engelm. Syn. Cact. 298 (42); Cact. Mex. Bound. 51. Walp. Ann.
5. 52.

201; King’s Rep. 5. 119; Bot.

Opuntia.] | CACTACE®. 409

O. rutila. Nutt.; Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1.555. Dietr. 3.116. Gray, Proc. Acad.
Philad. 1863, 61. Engelm. in King’s Rep. 5. 119; Bot. Calif. 1. 248.

O. erinacea. Engelm. & Bigel. Pac. R. Rep. 4. 47, t. 13, f. 8-11, & t. 24, f. 4
(seed). Engelm. Syn. Cact. 3801 (45); King’s Rep. 5. 119. Walp. Rep. 5. 53.
O. Schottii. Engelm. Syn. Cact. 304 (48); Cact. Mex. Bound. 54, t. 73, f. 1-4.
Walp. Ann. 5. 54.
O. serpentina. Engelm. in Am. Journ. Sci. 2. 14. 338; Syn. Cact. 506 (50) ;
Cact. Mex. Bound. 56; Bot. Calif. 1.250. Engelm. & Bigel. Pac. R. Rep. 4. 50.
Walp. Ann. 5. 55.

2 Cereus (%) Culifornicus. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1.555. Engelm. in Am. Journ.
Sci. 2..14. 338.
O. setispina. Engelm.; Salm, Cact. Hort. Dyck. 259. Lab. Monogr. Cact. 466.
Engelm. Syn. Cact. 294 (38). Walp. Ann. 5. 51. (Chihuahua.)
O. sphzrocarpa. Engelm. & Bigel. Pac. R. Rep. 4. 47, t. 13, £ 6-7, & t. 24,£3
(seed). Engelm. Syn. Cact. 300 (44). Walp. Ann. 5. 53.
Var. (4) Utahensis. Engelm. in Hayd. Rep. 1871, 483.
O. stenopetala. Engelm. Syn. Cact. 289 (53) ; Cact. Mex. Bound. 46 & 76, t. 66.
Walp. Ann. 5.48. Young, Fl. Texas, 278. (Northern Mexico.)
O. Strigil. Engelm. Syn. Cact. 290 (54); Cact. Mex. Bound. 47, t.67. Walp.
Ann. 5. 48. Young, Fl. Texas, 278.
O. tenuispina. Engelm. Syn. Cact. 294 (38); Cact. Mex. Bound. 50, t. 75, £. 14
(seed). Walp. Ann. 5. 50 (as O. minor).
O. tessellata. Engelm. Pac. R. Rep. 4. 52, t. 21, & t. 24, f. 20 (seed) ; Syn. Cact.
309 (53); Cact. Mex. Bound. 60; Bot. Calif. 1.249. Torrey, Pac. R. Rep. 5. 860.
Walp. Ann. 5. 57. Watson, Pl. Wheeler, 9.

O. ramosissima. Engelm. in Am. Journ. Sci. 2. 14. 339.
O. Thurberi. Engelm. Syn. Cact. 308 (52); Cact. Mex. Bound. 59. Walp. Ann.
§. 57. (Sonora.)

O. tortispina. Engelm. & Bigel. Pac. R. Rep. 4. 41, t. 8, f. 2,3, & t. 23, f.1-5
(seeds). Engelm. Syn. Cact. 295 (57); Simpson’s Rep. 441. Walp. Ann. 5. 50.

O. Tuna, Mill. Engelm. in Wisliz. Rep. 16; Am. Journ. Sci. 2. 14. 338; Syn. Cact.
290 (84); Bot. Calif. 1.248. Thurber in Gray, Pl. Thurb. 302. Bigelow, Pac. R.
Rep. 4. 16.

O. Bonplandii. HBK. Nov. Gen. 6. 69.

O. tunicata. Otto; Pfeiffer, Enum. Cact.170. Salm, Cact. Hort. Dyck. 249.
Walp. Rep. 2. 352. (Northern Mexico.) ~

O. exuviata. DC. Rev. Cact. 118, excl. vars. Pfeiffer, 1.c. Walp. l. ce.

O. bulbispina. Engelm. Syn. Cact. 304 (48); Cact. Mex. Bound. 55, t. 73,
f.5,6. Walp. Ann. 5. 55.

O. vulgaris. Haworth, Syn. Pl. Succ. 190. Salm, Obs. Bot.9. DC. Prodr.
3. 474. Don, Mill. 3.175. Beck, Bot. 135, in part. Torr. & Gray, FI. 1. 555,
in part. Dietr. 3.112. Pfeiffer, Enum. Cact.149. Walp. Rep. 2.547. Loud.
Arb. 2. 967, f. 2474. Engelm. Syn. Cact. 297 (41); Torrey, Bot. Bull. 2. 54.
Scheele, Roem. Texas, 435. Lab. Monogr. Cact. 477. Engelm. & Bigel. Pac. R.
Rep. 4. 41, t. 5, f. 2,3, & t. 23, f. 1-5 (seeds). Walp. Ann. 5. 52. Chapman, 144.
Gray, Manual, 185. Helmsley, Garden, 11. 274.

Cactus Opuntia. inn. Spec. 468, in part. Walter, 146. Bartram, Tray. 165.
Willd. Spec. 2. 948. Michx. Fl. 1.282. Persoon, 2.22. Pursh, 827. Nvtt. Gen.

410 CACTACEA. [Opuntia. Mollugo.

1.296. DC. Pl. Grass. t.138. Sims, Bot. Mag. t. 2393. Torrey, Fl. U. S. 466,
in part. Spreng. Syst. 2.497. Eat. & Wr. 163.

Opuntia Italica. Tenore.

Cactus humifusus. Raf. Ann. Nat. 1820, 15.

O. maritima & humifusa. Raf. Fl. Med. 2. 247.

O. intermedia. Salm, Hort. Dyck. 364; Cact. Hort. Dyck. 248. Pfeiffer, Enum.
Cact. 150. Walp. Rep. 2. 347. Lab. Monogr. Cact. 476.
O. Whipplei. Engelm. & Bigel. Pac. R. Rep. 4. 50, t. 17, f. 1-4, & t. 24, f. 9,10
(seeds). Engelm. Syn. Cact. 307 (51). Walp. Ann. 5. 56.

Var. spinosior. Engelm. & Bigel.l.c. Engelm. Syn. Cact.1.¢.; Cact. Mex.

Bound. 57.

oO. 2 Brandegee, Fl. S. W. Col. 237.
: ,
O. Bonplandii ; Tuna. O. macrorhiza & mesacantha ; Rafinesquii.
bulbispina ; tunicata. maritima ; vulgaris.
cespitosa ; Rafinesquii. media ; Missouriensis.
Californica ; acanthocarpa. occidentalis ; Engelmanni.
dulcis ; Engelmanni. polyacantha ; Missouriensis.
erinacea ; rutila. pulvinata ; microdasys.
exuviata; arborescens, tunicata. ramosissima ; tessellata.
Jragilis, frutescens & gracilis; lepto- splendens ; Missouriensis.
caulis. Tidballii ; chlorotica.
humifusa ; vulgaris. vaginata & virgata; leptocaulis. *
intermedia ; Rafinesquii, vulgaris. vulgaris ; Rafinesquii.
Ltalica ; vulgaris. Wrightii; Weinie.
Lindheimeri ; Engelmanni. —?; Bigelovii, Rafinesquii.
FICOIDE.

MESEMBRYANTHEMUM crysratiinvum, Linn. Torrey, Bot. Wilkes, 302.
Brew. & Wats. Bot. Calif. 1. 251.

M. =QuiLATERALE, Haworth. Brew. & Wats. 1. c.

M. dimidiatum. Torrey, Pac. R. Rep. 4.75. Newberry, same, 6. 67. Bolan-
der, Cat. 8.

M. mutabile, Haw.? Torrey, Bot. Wilkes, 302.

MOLLUGO verticillata. Linn. Spec. 89. See syn. in Fenzl, Ann. Wien.
Mus. 1. 378; Rohrbach, Mart. Fl. Bras. 142. 240. — Hill, Veg. Syst. 14, t. 15, f. 5.
Walter, 83. Ait. Hort. Kew. 1. 124. Gaertn. Fruct. t.130. Lam. Dict. 4. 256.
Willd. Spec. 1.492. Michx. Fl. 1.77. Pérsoon, 1.112. Pursh, 92. Bigel. FI.
Bost. 48. Elliott, 1.183. Roem. & Schult. Syst. 2.871. Seringe, DC. Prodr.
1.391. Torrey, Fl. U. S. 160; Fl: N. Y. 1. 104; Bot. Wilkes, 247. Beck, Bot. 50;
Am. Journ. Sei. 10. 262. Cham. & Schlecht. in Linnea, 1. 45. Hook. FI. Bor.-
Am. 1.92; Lond. Journ. Bot. 1.196. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1.176. Eat. & Wr. 321.
Gray, Gen. Ill. 2. 14, t.101; Pl. Wright. 2. 19; Manual, 96; Proc. Am. Acad.
8. 378. Griseb. Fl. Brit. W. Ind. 56. Newberry, Pac. R. Rep. 6.67. Chapman,
48. Baillon, Adansonia, 5. 381, t.9. Rohrbach, 1. c. t. 55, f. 2. Brew. & Wats.
Bot. Calif. 1. 252.
Pharnaceum Cerviana. Walter, 117.

Sesuvium. Angelica.] UMBELLIFER. 411

Var. scrobiculata. Rohrbach, 1. c. 242.

M. arenaria. UBK. Nov. Gen. & Spec. 6.17. Walp. Rep. 2.241. Seem. Bot.
Herald, 270.
SESUVIUM pentandrum. Elliott, 1.556. Fenzl, 1.c.2.347. Eat. & Wr.
424. Gray, Gen. Ill. 1. 230, t. 100; Pl. Wright. 1.183; Torr. Bot. Bull. 2. 48.
Chapman, 44. Smith, Proc. Acad. Philad. 1867, 18. Merriam, Torr. Bot. Bull.
2.41. Referred to S. Portulacastrum by Rohrbach, 1. c. 312.

Pharnaceum maritimum. Walter, 117. Roem. & Schult. 6. 692. Dietr. 2. 1014.

Mollugo maritima. Seringe, DC. Prodr. 1. 895. Don, Mill. 1. 422.

S. sessile. Nutt. Genera, 1. 306. Torrey, Fl. U.S. 478. Eat. & Wr. 424.

S. Portulacastrum. Muhl. Cat. 50. Beck, Bot. 154, in part. Gray, Manual, 97.
S. Portulacastrum. Linn. Spec. 2 ed. 684. See syn. in DC. Prodr. 3. 453;
Rohrbach, Mart. Fl. Bras. 142. 510. — Beck, Bot. 154, in part. Hook. Comp. Bot.
Mag. 1.46. Griseb. Fl. Brit. W. Ind. 57. Torrey, Pac. R. Rep. 5. 859. Gray,
Ives’ Rep. 8. Chapman, 44. Smith, Proc. Acad. Philad. 1867, 18. Rohrbach,
l.c. t. 70.2 Brew. & Wats. Bot. Calif. 1. 251. ,

Portulaca Portulacastrum. inn. Spec. 446.

% Polycarpon uniflorum. Walter, 83 (Torrey, Fl. U. 8. 159).

S. pedunculatum. Persoon, 2. 39. Lam. Ill. t. 434, f.1. Elliott, 1.555. Nutt.
in Am. Journ. Sci. 5. 295. Eat. & Wr. 424.

Var. subsessile. Gray, Pl. Wright. 1.15 & 2. 19.

iS. sessile. Persoon, 2. 39. :

S. Portulacastrum. DC. Pl. Grass. t. 9. Torrey, Emory’s Rep. 157; Mex.
Bound. 38.
TRIANTHEMA monogynum. Linn. Mant. 69. See syn. in Willd. Spec.
2. 635. [Lam. Ill. t. 375.]—Gray, Pl. Wright. 1.15 & 2.20; Proc. Am. Acad.
5. 154. Griseb. Fl. Brit. W. Ind. 58. Torrey, Mex. Bound. 37.

UMBELLIFER A.

Z3GOPODIUM Popacrarta, Linn. Darling. Fl. Cestr. 2 ed. 105,
ZEaTHUSA Cynarivm, Linn. Bigel. Fl. Bost. 2 ed. 113. Beck, Bot. 145. Torr.
& Gray, Fl. 1.618. Eat. & Wr. 116. Torrey, Fl. N. Y. 1. 274. Gray, Manual, 193.
AMMI masvs, Linn. DC. Prodr. 4.112. Hook. Fl. Bor,-Am. 1.261. Don, Mill.
3. 286. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 606. Dietr. 2. 944. (Doubtful. Newfoundland; not
recent.)

Sison majus. Hat. & Wr. 429.
ANGELICA arguta. Nutt.; Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 620. Walp. Rep. 2. 406. Tor-
rey, Bot. Wilkes, 525.
A. Breweri. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 8. 348. Anderson, Cat. PI. Nev. 121. Wat-
son, King’s Rep. 5.126. Coulter, Hayd. Rep. 1872, 768. Brew. & Wats. Bot.
Calif. 1. 265.

Archangelica hirsuta. Durand, Pl. Pratten. 89.
A. Curtisii. Buckley, Am. Journ. Sci. 1. 45.173. Chapman, 164. Gray, Man-
ual, 192.
A. genuflexa. Nutt.; Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 620. Walp. Rep. 2. 406. Gray, Proc.
Am. Acad. 8. 385. Torrey, Bot. Wilkes, 522. -

A. leporina. Watson, Proc. Am. Acad. 12. 252.

412 UMBELLIFERA. (Angelica. Apium.

A. lineariloba. Gray, 1l.c.7. 347. Brew. & Wats. Bot. Calif. 1. 266.

A. lucida. Linn. Spec. 251. Hill, Veg. Syst. 6. 14, t. 12, f. 2. Crantz, Umbel.
65. Jacquin, Hort. Vindob. 3. 16, t. 24. Lam. Dict.1.173. Ait. Hort. Kew.
1. 349. Willd. Spec. 1. 1430. Persoon, 1.516. Spreng. Umbel. 63; Roem. &
Schult. Syst. 6. 604; Syst. 1.916. Torrey, Fl. U. S. 316. DC. Prodr. 4. 168.
Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am. 1. 267. Beck, Bot. 147. Don, Mill. 3. 323. Torr. & Gray, Fl.
1. 620. Eat. & Wr. 127. Dietr. 2. 962. (A very obscure species; from Canada.)
A. pinnata. Watson, King’s Rep. 5. 126.

A. tomentosa. Watson, Proc. Am. Acad. 11.141. Brew. & Wats. 1. ec. 265.

A. verticillata. Hook. in Lond. Journ. Bot. 6. 235. Walp. Ann. 1. 350.

A. Wheeleri. Watson, Am. Naturalist, 7. 301; Pl. Wheeler, 9.

APIASTRUM angustifolium. Nutt.; Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 644. Walp. Rep.
2.428. Torrey, Pac. R. Rep. 4.94; Mex. Bound, 71, t. 28. Boland. Cat. 13.
Brew. & Wats. Bot. Calif. 1. 259.

Discopleura capillacea. Hook. & Arn. Bot. Beechey, 142.

? Leptocaulis inermis. Hook. & Arn. Bot. Beechey, 347.

Helosciadium leptophyllum, var. (2) latifolium. Hook. & Arn.1l.c. Torr. & Gray,
Fl. 1. 607.

A. latifolium. Nutt.; Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 644. Walp. 1. c.

APIUM divaricatum. Benth. & Hook. Gen. Pl 1. 888 (referring the genus
Leptocaulis to Apium). Wood, Bot. & Fl. 140.

Daucus divaricatus. Walter, 114. Gmelin, Syst. 474.

Sison pusillum. Michx. Fl. 1.168. Pursh, 194. Elliott, 1. 356.

Ammi divaricatum. Persoon, 1. 308. Poir. Suppl. 1. 310. Muhl. Cat. 30.

Ligusticum pusillum. Persoon, 1. 315. Spreng. in Roem & Schult. Syst. 6. 555.

Sium pusillum. Poir. Suppl. 1. 622.

thusa divaricata. Spreng. Prodr. Umbel. 22. Nutt. Genera, 1. 187 & 190.
Eat. & Wr. 116.

Sison divaricatus. Spreng. Spec. Umbel. 115; Roem. & Schult. Syst. 6. 411;
Syst. 1. 887.

Leptocaulis divaricatus. DC. Mem. Umbel. 39, t. 10, f. A; Prodr. 4.107. Don,
Mill. 3. 284. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 608. Dietr. 2.942. Eat. & Wr. 297. Chapman,
161. Wood, Cl.-Book, 387. A.H. Smith, Proc. Acad. Philad. 1867, 19. Gray,
Hall’s Pl. Texas, 11.

Leptocaulis diffusus. Nutt.; DC. Prodr. 4.107. Don, Mill. 3.284. Torr. &
Gray, Fl. 1. 608. Dietr. 2.942. Eat. & Wr. 297. Young, Fl. Texas, 298.

Spermolepis divaricata. Raf. in Bull. Bot. Genev. 1880, 214 (Litt.-Ber. zu Lin-
nea, 1833, 82).

Babiron divaricatum & dichotomum. Raf. New Flora, 4. 24.

A. echinatum. Benth. & Hook. 1. e.

Leptocaulis echinatus. Nutt.; DC. Prodr. 4.107. Don, Mill. 3.284. Torr. &
Gray, Fl. 1. 609. Dietr. 2.944. Eat. & Wr. 297. Engelm. & Gray, RI. Lindh. ro.
Torrey, Marcy’s Rep. 286; Mex. Bound. 70. Gray, Pl. Wright. 2.65; Hall’s PL
Texas, 11. Young, Fl. Texas, 298.

A. GRrAvrotens, Linn. Hook. & Arn. Bot. Beechey, 142. Nutt. Pl. Gambel. in
Journ. Acad. Philad. 1.183. Torrey, Pac. R. Rep. 4.91. Benth. & Hook. Gen.
Pl. 1. 888. Brew. & Wats. Bot. Calif. 1. 258.

A. leptophyllum. F. Muel.; Benth. Fl. Austral. 3. 372. See syn. in DC. Rapp.
Pl. Rar. Jard. Gen. 3. 7, & Prodr. 4. 105 (under Helosciadium). — Benth. & Hook. 1. c.
Wood, Bot. & Fl. 140.

Apium. Archangelica.] UMBELLIFER 2. 413

Sison Ammi. Linn. Spec. 252% Jacquin, Hort. Vindob. 2. 95, t. 200.

thusa leptophylla. Spreng. Prodr. Umbel. 22. Nutt. Genera, 1.190. Eat. &
Wir L1G:

Helosciadium leptophyllum. DC. Prodr. 4. 105. Hook. Comp. Bot. Mag. r. 47.
Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1.607. Dietr. 2.948. Eat. & Wr. 257. Darby, Bot. 331. Gri-
seb. Fl. Brit. W. Ind. 308. Wood, Cl.-Book, 386. Reichenb. f. Icon. Fl. Germ.
21. 8, t. 1850, f. 1-8. Gray, Hall’s Pl. Texas, 11.

A. nopirLorum, Benth. & Hook. Wood, Bot. & Fl. 140. (To be excluded; seen
only by Walter.)

Sium nodiflorum, Linn. Walter, 115. Elliott, 1. 355.

Helosciadium nodiflorum, Koch. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1.606. Eat. & Wr. 266.
Chapman, 162. Wood, Cl.-Book, 586.

A. patens.

Leptocaulis patens. Nutt.; DC. Prodr. 4.107. Don, Mill. 3. 284. Torr. & Gray,
Fl. 1.609. Dietr. 2.984. Kat. & Wr. 297. Gray, Pl. Wright. 2.65; Hall’s Pt.
Texas, 11. Engelm. Pl. Upp. Miss. 193. Young, Fl. Texas, 298.

2 Leptocaulis inermis. Nutt.; DC. Mem. Umbel. 39, t. 10, f.B; Prodr. 4. 107.
Don, Mill. 3. 288. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 608. Dietr. 2. 944. Eat. & Wr. 297.

A. Popei. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 7. 343; Hall’s Pl. Texas, 11.
Ammoselinum Popei. Torr. & Gray, Pac. R. Rep. 2. 165. Benth. & Hook. Gen.
Pl. 1. 1009.

ARCHANGELICA atropurpurea. Hoffman, Umbel. 161, & 2 ed. 169. Don,
MGT no2t en lor) Gray. Hiei 62i Torrey; Fl IN. Yo1 276. | Darlnes BIE
Cestr. 2 ed. 101. Gray, Am. Journ. Sci. 2. 83. 408 ; Manual, 193. — The genus is re-
ferred to Angelica by Maximowicz, Bull. Acad. Petersb. 19. 273 (Mel. Biol. 9. 250).

Angelica atropurpurea. Linn. Spec. 251. Hill, Veg. Syst. 6. 14, t. 12, f.1.
Crantz, Umbel. 65. Lam. Dict.1.173. Ait. Hort. Kew. 1. 349. Willd. Spec.
1. 1430; Enum. 313. Persoon, 1. 315. Pursh, 193. Spreng. in Roem. & Schult.
Syst. 6.605; Syst.1.915. Torrey, Fl. U. 8.316. DC. Prodr. 4.168. Hook. Fl.
Bor.-Am. 1. 267. Beck, Bot. 147. Darling. Fl. Cestr. 198. Dietr. 2. 962. Hat. &
Wr. 127.

Angelica triquinata. Michx. Fl. 1. 167. Persoon, 1. 316. Pursh, 193. Bigel. Fl.
Bost. 68. Barton, Comp. Fl. Phil. 1. 140.

Imperatoria lucida. Nutt. Genera, 1. 181.

A. dentata. Chapman; Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 622. Walp. Rep. 2. 407. Chapman,
164. Wood, Cl.-Book, 381; Bot. & Fl. 137.
A. Gmelini. DC. Prodr. 4.170. See syn. in Ledeb. Fl. Ross. 2. 861 (as Calopleu-
rum); Hook. f. Arct. Pl. 292 & 300, referring it to A. officinalis. — Hook. Fl. Bor.-
Am. 1. 267. Don, Mill. 3.324. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 621. Gray, Am. Journ. Sci.
2. 33. 408; Proc. Acad. Philad. 1863, 63; Manual, 193. Rothr. Fl. Alask. 447; PI.
Wheeler, 40. Benth. & Hook. Gen. Pl. 1.1009. Porter, Hayd. Rep. 1870, 476, &
1871, 484; Fl. Col. 52. Watson, King’s Rep. 5. 127.

Angelica Archangelica. Schrank, Pf. Lab. 13. Cham. & Schlecht. in Linnea,
1.394. Hat. & Wr. 127.

A. officinalis. Hook. F). Bor.-Am. 1.267. Meyer, Pl. Lab. 67. Torr. & Gray,
Fl. 1. 621. Lange, Fl. Grenl. 127. Rothr. Fl. Alask. 447.

Pleurospermum Gmelini. Bongard, Veg. Sitch. 141.

Ligusticum Scoticum, var. Fisch. & Mey. Ind. Sem. Petrop. 1.11. Treviranus,
Bot. Zeit. 19. 13.

Angelica officinalis. Hook. in Journ. Linn. Soe. 1. 157.

414 UMBELLIFERZ®. [Archangelica. Archemora.

Ligusticum acteifolium. Bigel. Fl. Bost. 3 ed. 118.

Archangelica peregrina. Nutt.; Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1.622. Walp. Rep. 2. 407.
Gray, Manual, 1 ed. 159 & 698. Cooper, Pac. R. Rep. 12. 62. Wood, Cl.-Book,
381; Bot. & FI. 187.

Angelica G'melini. Wormsk.; Eat.& Wr. 127.

Ceelopleurum Gmelini. WLedeb. Fl. Ross. 2. 361. Walp. Rep. 5. 920.

A. hirsuta. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1.622. Torrey, Fl. N. Y. 1.277. Darling. FI.
Cestr. 2 ed. 102. Chapman, 164. Gray, Manual, 193. .

Ferula villosa. Walter,-115. Pursh, 192. Poir. Suppl. 5. 679. Elliott, 1. 351.
Spreng. in Roem. & Schult. Syst. 6. 598; Syst. 1. 914.

Cicuta venenosa. Greenway, Am. Phil. Soc. Trans. 3. 234.

Angelica hirsuta. Muhl. Cat. 2 ed. 30.

Pastinaca triquinata. Spreng. Spec. Umbel. 68, t. 6, £. 12.

Angelica triquinata. Nutt. Genera, 1. 186. Spreng. in Roem. & Schult. Syst.
6. 604; Syst. 1.916. Elliott, 1.352. Torrey, Fl. U.S. 315. DC. Prodr. 4. 168.
Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am. 1. 267. Don, Mill. 3. 323. Beck, Bot. 147. Darling. Fl. Cestr.
193. Dietr. 2. 962. Eat. & Wr. 127.

Oxypolis triquinata. Raf. in Bull. Bot. Soc. Genev. 1830, 214 (Litt.Ber. zu Lin:
nea, 1853, 82); Med. Bot. 2. 250. :
ARCHEMORA Fendleri. Gray, Pl. Fendl. 56; Proc. Acad. Philad. 1863, 63.
Walp. Ann. 2.710. Porter, Fl. Col. 52. Rothr. Pl. Wheeler, 40. Watson, Proc.
Am. Acad. 11. 145.— The genus is referred to Peucedanum by Benth. & Hook. Gen.
Pl. 1. 920.

Berula angustifolia. Gray, Am. Journ. Sci. 2. 33. 408.

A. rigida. DC. Mem. Umbel. 52; Prodr. 4. 188.° Don, Mill. 3. 338. Beck, Bot.
148. Darling. Fl. Cestr. 195.. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 631. Eat & Wr. 152. Torrey,
Fl. N. Y. 1. 278, t. 36. Bertol. Bot. Misc. 10. 31. Parry, Pl. Minn. 613. Chap-
man, 165. Lesqx. Fl. Ark. 363. Gray, Manual, 192. Macoun & Gibson, Trans.
Bot. Soe. Edinb. 12. 328.

Sium rigidius. Linn. Spec. 251. Hill, Veg. Syst. 6. 34, t. 32, f. 1. Lam. Dict.
1. 406. Walter, 114. Ait. Hort. Kew. 1. 350. Willd. Spee. 1. 1485; Enum. 314.
Persoon, 1. 316. Pursh, 194. Elliott, 1. 355.

(Enanthe rigida. Crantz, Umbel. 85. Barton, Comp. Fl. Philad 1. 142. Nutt.
Genera, 1. 189.

Sison marginatum. Michx. Fl. 1.168. Persoon, 1. 317. Pursh, 194.

Sium marginatum. Poir. Suppl. 1. 622.

Sium denticulatum. Baldwin; Eltiott, 1. 354 (Spreng. Neue Entdeck. 2. 194).
Spreng. Syst. 1. 905. Don, Mill. 3. 558.

Sium tricuspidatum. ¥lliott, 1. 354. Beck, Am. Journ. Sci. 1. 11. 175.

Pastinaca rigida. Spreng. in Roem. & Schult. 6. 586. | Torrey, Fl. U. S. 314.

A. denticulata. DC. Prodr. 4. 188. Hook. Comp. Bot. Mag. I. 47.

A. tricuspidata. DC.1.¢. Don, Mill. 3. 338. Eat. & Wr. 182.

Oxypolis rigida, denticulata & tricuspidata. Raf. in Bull. Bot. Soe. Geney. 1830,
214 (Litt.-Ber. zu Linnea, 1853, 82).

Var. ambigua. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 631. Torrey, lc. Wood, Cl.-Book, 380.

Stum longifolium. Pursh, 194.

(Enanthe ‘ambigua. Nutt. Genera, 1.189. Barton,].c. Spreng. in Roem. &
Schult. Syst. 6. 421 (under G2. gymnorhiza).

Pastinaca ambiqua. Spreng. 1. c. 6. 586. Torrey, Fl. U. S. 314. Dietr. 2. 970.

A. ambigua. DC. Prodr. 4. 188. Don, 1.c. Beck, Bot. 148. Eat. & Wr. 182.

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Archemora. Carum.] UMBELLIFERZ. 415

A. ternata. Nutt.; Torr. & Gray, lc. Chapman, 163. Wood, Cl.-Book, 580.

Peucedanum ternatum. Nutt. Genera, 1.182. Spreng. in Roem. & Schult. Syst.
6. 565 (under P. officinale). DC. Prodr. 4.182. Don, Mill. 3. 385. © Croom, Am.
Journ. Sci. 1. 28. 165. Dietr. 2. 968. Eat. & Wr. 349. Wood, Bot. & FI. 156.

Peucedanum officinale. Spreng. Syst. 1. 911, in part.

Sataria linearis. Raf. New Flora, 4. 21.

Neurophyllum longifolium. Torr, & Gray, Fl. 1, 618. Walp. Rep. 5. 862. Darby,

Bot. 333. Wood, Cl.-Book, 387.
BERULA angustifolia. Koch, Deutsch. Fl. 2.455. See syn. in Willd. Spee.
1. 1431 (as Sium); DC. Prodr. 4. 125; Ledeb. Fl. Ross. 2. 258.— Gray, Pl. Fendl.
55; Pl. Wright. 2.65; Journ. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist.7.146. Torrey, Sitgr. Rep.
160; Pac. R. Rep. 4. 92; Mex. Bound. 70; Bot. Wilkes, 317. Brew. & Wats. Bot.
Calif. 1. 260.

Sium angustifolium. Linn. Spec. 2 ed. 1672. Engelm. Pl. Upp. Miss. 193. Benth.
& Hook. Gen. Pl. 1. 893. Gray, Manual, 196. Watson, King’s Rep. 5. 121; PI.
Wheeler, 9. Porter, Hayd. Rep. 1871, 481; Fl. Col. 50. Coulter, Hayd. Rep. 1872,
767. Rothr. Pl. Wheeler, 4o.

Sium pusillum. Nutt.; Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 611. Walp. Rep. 2. 396.

? Helosciadium (?) Californicum. Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am. 1. 260. Don, Mill. 3. 28%
Hook. & Arn. Bot. Beechey, 142. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 607. Walp. Rep. :
Eat. & Wr. 267. Benth. & Hook. Gen. Pl. 1. 893. Brew. & Wats. 1. ¢.

Sium (4) incisum. Torrey, Frem. Rep. 90.

BIFORA Americana. Benth. & Hook. Gen. Pl. 1. 926. Gray, Hall’s Pl.
Texas, II.

Atrema Americana. DC. Mem. Umbel. 71, t. 18; Prodr. 4. 250. Don, Mill.

8.382. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1.6438. Dietr. 2.990. Eat. & Wr.151. Gray, Pl.
Lindh. 212; Pl. Wright. 2. 65.
BOWLESIA lobata. Ruiz & Pavon, FI. Peruv. 3. 28, t. 251. DC. Prodr. 4. 75.
Hook. & Arn. Bot. Beechey, 347. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1.601. Gay, Fl. Chil. 5. 77.
Torrey, Mex. Bound. 70. Gray, Ives’ Rep. 15. Trevir. in Bot. Zeit. 19.9. Bo-
land. Cat. 13. Brew. & Wats. Bot. Calif. 1. 255,

B. tenera. Spreng. Syst. 1. 860. DC. Prodr. 4.75. Hook. & Arn. Bot. Mise.
8. 346. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1.601. Gay, Fl. Chil. 3. 76. Gray, Pl. Wright. 2. 64.

B. geraniifolia. Cham. & Schlecht. in Linnea, 1. 582. DC. Prodr. 4. 75.

B. nodiflora. Presl; DC. Prodr. 4. 75.

BUPLEURUM ranunculoides. Linn. Spec. 237. See syn. in DC. Prodr.
4,131; Regel & Til. Fl. Ajan. 96; Koch, Fl. Germ. 250.— Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am.
1. 263. Don, Mill. 3.299. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1.609. Eat. & Wr..162. -Ledeb. Fl.
Ross. 2. 265. Seem. Bot. Herald, 32. Hook. f. Fl. Arct. 292. Rothr. Fl. Alask.
447. Porter, Hayd. Rep. 1871, 484. Coulter, same, 1872, 767.

B. angulosum. Cham. & Schlecht. in Linnea, 1. 383; not Spreng. Hook. & Arn.
Bot. Beechey, 124.

B. rorunpiro.ium, Linn. Beck, Bot. 145. Darling. Fl. Cestr. 191. Torr. &
Gray, Fl. 1.609. Torrey, Fl. N. Y. 1. 266. Chapman, 162. Gray, Manual, 195.
CARUM Cantr, Linn. Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am. 1.261. Hook. f. Arct. Pl. 293. Pl.
Bourgeau, 257.

C. Gairdneri. Benth. & Hook. Gen. Pl. 1.891. Anderson, Cat. Pl. Nev. 121.
Porter, Hayd. Rep. 1870, 476; 1871, 484. Watson, King’s Rep. 5. 121; Pl. Wheel-
er,9. Coulter, Hayd. Rep. 1872, 767. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 8. 385. Brew. &
Wats. Bot. Calif. 1. 259.

bo oo
co bo
© oO
bo bo

416 UMBELLIFERZ. [Carum. Cicuta.

Osmorhiza (%) edulis. Raf. Med. Bot. 2. 249.

Atenia Gairdneri. Wook. & Arn. Bot. Beechey, 349.

Edosmia Gairdneri. Nutt.; Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1.612. Walp. Rep. 5. 862. Tor-
rey, Frem. Rep. 90; Bot. Wilkes, 520. Hook. in Lond. Journ. Bot. 6. 233. Benth.
Pl. Hartw. 313. Durand, Pl. Pratten. 89. Newberry, Pac. R. Rep. 6.75. Cooper,
same, 12. 62. Gray, Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist. 7. 146; Proc. Am. Acad. 7. 344.

Peucedanum triternatum. Torr. & Gray, Pac. R. Rep. 2. 121.

C. (7?) Hallii.

Seseli Hallii. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 8. 288. Porter, Fl. Col. 52.

Musenium Greenei. Gray, 1. c. 887. Porter, 1. ec. 51.
C. Kelloggii. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 7. 344. Boland. Cat. 13. Brew. & Wats.
Bot. Calif. 1. 259.
CAUCALIS microcarpa. Hook. & Arn. Bot. Beechey, 348. Torr. & Gray,
Fl. 1. 636. Walp. Rep. 2. 421. Boland. Cat. 14. Brew. & Wats. 1. c. 272.

Daucus brachiatus. Torrey, Pac. R. Rep. 4. 93; not Sieb.
C. noposa, Huds. , Gray, Hall’s Pl. Texas, 11. Brew. & Wats. l. c.

C. tenerrima. Scheele, Linnea, 25. 256.

CHA;ROPHYLLUM procumbens. Crantz, Umbel. 77. Lam. Dict. 1. 685.
Persoon, 1. 320. Pursh, 195. Nutt. Genera, 1. 194. Barton, Comp. Fl. Phil.
1.145. Elliott, 1. 357, DC. Prodr. 4.225. Don, Mill. 3. 365. Beck, Bot. 149.
Darling. Fl. Cestr. 198. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 637. Dietr. 2. 982. Eat. & Wr. 191.
Nees, Pl. Neuwied, 10. Chapman, 165. Gray, Manual, 197; Hall’s Pl. Texas, 11.

Scandix procumbens. Linn. Spec. 257. Hill, Veg. Syst. 6. 48, t. 46, £4. Willd.
Spec. 1. 1452. Ait. f. Hort. Kew. 2. 152. Muhl. Cat. 31.

Myrrhis bifida. Spreng. Prodr. Umbel. 29. Muhl.; Nutt. Genera, 1. 192.

Miyrrhis procumbens. Spreng. Pl. Min. Cog. pug. 2. 56; Spec. Umbel. 130;
Roem. & Schult. Syst. 6. 516; Syst. 1. 908. Torrey, Fl. U. S. 309.

Var. Shortii. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 637. Walp. Rep. 2. 422.
C. Tainturieri. Hook. Comp. Bot. Mag. 1.47. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 638. Walp.
Rep. 2. 422. Chapman, 165. Wood, Cl.-Book, 384; Bot. & Fl. 188. Gray, Hall’s
Pi Mexasy 10,

Var. [dasycarpum.] Hook.1l.c. Torr. & Gray,l.c. Gray, Pl. Lindh. 211.
C. sativum, Lam. Gray, Manual, 197.

CICUTA bulbifera. Linn. Spec. 255. Hill, Veg. Syst. 6. 49, t. 47, £2. Crantz,
Umbel. 99. Willd. Spec. 1. 1445. Michx. Fl. 1.165. Persoon, 1. 318. Pursh,
195. Nutt. Genera, 1.195. Barton, Comp. FI. Phil. 1. 148. Spreng. in Roem. &
Schult. Syst. 6. 453; Syst. 1. 894. Bigel. Fl. Bost. 2 ed.115. Torrey, Fl. U.S.
308; Fi. N. Y. 1. 267. DC. Prodr. 4.99. Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am. 1. 260. Don, Mill:
3. 276. Beck, Bot. 143. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1.610. Dietr. 2.940. Eat. & Wr. 197.
Gray, Manual, 196.

Cicutaria bulbifera. Lam. Dict. 2. 3.

Keraskomion bulbiferum. Raf. New Flora, 4. 21.
C. Bolanderi. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 11. 139. Brew. & Wats. Bot. Calif. 1. 261.
©. Californica. Gray, 1.c. 7. 344. Boland. Cat. 13. Brew. & Wats. 1. c.

C. maculata. Hook. & Arn. Bot. Beechey, 142% Benth. Pl. Hartw. 313.
C. maculata. Linn. Spec. 256. Hill, Veg. Syst. 6. 49, t. 47, f. 3. Crantz, Um-
bel. 99. Gaertn. Fruct. t.22. Walter, 115. Willd. Spec. 1. 1446; Enum. 316.
Persoon, 1. 318. Ait. f. Hort. Kew. 2.149. Pursh, 195. Bigel. Fl. Bost. 70;
Med. Bot. 1. 125, t. 12, & 3.181. Hoffm. Umbel. 2 ed. 181. Nutt. Genera, 1. 191.

-—_— a ee

Cicuta. Cryptoteenia.] UMBELLIFER 2. AA

Elliott, 1.357. Spreng. in Roem. & Schult. Syst. 6.453; Syst. 1.894. Rich.
Frankl. Journ. Appx. 6. Torrey, Fl. U. S. 308; Fl. N. Y. 1. 267; Frem. Rep. 90;
Mex. Bound. 70; Bot. Wilkes, 316. Raf. Med. Bot. 1. 107, £22. DC. Prodr.
4.99. Hook. Fl. Bor-Am. 1. 259; Comp. Bot. Mag. 1.47. Don, Mill. 3. 276.
Beck, Bot. 142. Darling. Fl. Cestr. 185. Lindl. Fl. Med. 34. Torr. & Gray, FI.
1.610. Dietr. 2.940. Eat. & Wr. 197. Gray, Pl. Lindh. 210; Pl. Wright. 2. 65;
Pl. Fendl. 55; Proc. Bost. Soc. 7. 146; Manual, 196. Engelm. Pl. Upp. Miss. 193.
Chapman, 161. Hook. f. Arct. Pl. 293. Anderson, Cat. Pl. Nev. 121. Porter,
Hayd. Rep. 1870, 476; Fl. Col. 49. Watson, King’s Rep. 5. 121; Pl. Wheeler, 9.
Coulter, Hayd. Rep. 1872, 767. Bailey, Am. Naturalist, 7.9, f.4. Brew. & Wats.
Bot. Calif. 1. 260.

Cicutaria maculata. Lam. Dict. 2. 2; Ill. 2. 338, t. 195, f. 2.

2 Sium (?) Douglasii. DC. Prodr. 4.125. Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am. 1. 263. Don,
Mill. 3.295. Torr. & Gray, Fl.1. 611. Dietr. 2.948. Eat. & Wr. 480.

C. (?) trachypleura.
Thaspium montanum, var. tenuiflorum. Gray, Am. Journ. Sci. 2. 33. 408.
Thaspium trachypleurum. Gray, Proc. Acad. Philad. 1863, 63. Porter, Fl.
Col. 52.
C. virosa. Linn. Spec. 255. See syn. in Willd. Spee. 1.1445; DC. Prodr. 4. 99;
Ledeb. Fl. Ross. 2. 241; Pritzel, Icon. Index, 1. 266 & 2. 79.— Rich. Frank]. Journ.
Appx. 6. Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am. 1. 259; Lond. Journ. Bot. 6. 233. Torr. & Gray,
Fl. 1.610. Hook. f. Arct. Pl. 293. Pl. Bourgeau, 257. Reichenb. f. Icon. Fl.
Germ. 21. 7, t. 1853.

CONIUM macurarvm, Linn. Pursh, 195. Bigel. Fl. Bost. 68; Med. Bot. 1. 113,
t.11. Nutt. Genera, 1.180. Torrey, Fl. U.S. 312; Fl. N. Y. 1.282. Raf. Med.
Bot. 1. 118, f. 25. Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am. 1. 272. Beck, Bot. 150. Darling. Fl. Cestr.
201. ‘Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1.640. Eat. & Wr. 205. Cooper, Pac. R. Rep. 12. 63.
Gray, Struct. Bot. 426, f. 845-850; Manual, 198. Brew. & Wats. 1. c. 258.

CORIANDRUM sarivoum, Linn. Gray, Pl. Fendl. 57. Watson, |. ¢. 131.

CRANTZIA lineata. Nutt. Genera, 1.178. DC. Prodr. 4. 71. Don, Mill. 3. 256.
Beck, Bot. 141. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1.600. Torrey, Fl. N. Y. 1. 263. Walp. Rep.
2. 384. Weddell, Chlor. And. 2. 201, t. 68. Clos in Gay, FI. Chil. 3. 126. Hook.
f. Fi. Antarct. 1. 287, t.100. Chapman, 159. Gray, Manual, 190; Proc. Am.
Acad. 8. 385. Benth. Fl. Austral. 3. 374.

% Hydrocotyle Chinensis. Linn. Spec. 339. Willd. Spec. 1.1564. Spreng. in
Roem. & Schult. Syst. 6.355; Syst. 1. 878.

Hydrocotyle lineata. Michx. Fl. 1. 162. Persoon, 1. 802. Pursh, 190. Richard,
Hydrocot. 77, t. 66, f. 38. Elliott, 1.347. Torrey, Fl. U. S. 304. Bigel. Fl. Bost.
ded. 115. Eat. & Wr. 277. ;

C. attenuata. Wook. & Arn. in Hook. Bot. Misc. 3. 346. Torr. Bot. Wilkes, 513.

C. Schaffneriana. Schlecht. in Linnea, 26. 370.

CRYPTOTZ:NIA Canadensis. DC. Mem. Umbel. 42; Prodr. 4.119. Hook.
Fl. Bor.-Am. 1. 262; Comp. Bot. Mag.1. 47. Don, Mill. 3.291. Beck, Bot. 144.
Darling. Fl. Cestr.189. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1.613; Pac. R. Rep. 2.127. Dietr.
2.946. Eat. & Wr. 214. Torrey, Fl. N. Y. 1.269. Parry, Pl. Minn. 613. Chap-
man, 161. Pl. Bourgeau, 257. Hance, Seem. Journ. Bot. 3. 340. Gray, Manual,
197.

Sison Canadense. Winn. Spec. 252. Hill, Veg. Syst. 6. 11, t. 9, f. 3. Ait. Hort.
Kew. 1.351. Willd. Spec. 1. 1486; Enum. 314. Michx. Fl. 1. 168. Hoffm. Umbel.
36. Bigel. Fl. Bost. 69.

27

418 UMBELLIFER. [Cryptotzenia. Cymopterus.

Cheerophyllum Canadense. Crantz, Umbel. 79. Persoon, 1. 320. Pursh, 195.
Elliott, 1. 558.

Sium Canadense. am. Dict. 1. 407. Bigel. Fl. Bost. 2 ed. 114.

Myrrhis Canadensis. Gaertn. Fruct. 1. 109, t.23. Nutt. Genera, 1. 192. Barton,
Comp. Fl. Phil. 1.141. Spreng. in Roem. & Schult. Syst. 6. 516; Syst. 1. 903.
Torrey, Fl. U.S. 1.510. Beck, Am. Journ. Sci. 1. 11. 175.

% Cicuta perennans. Walter, 116. Gmelin, Syst. 1. 485.

Scandix ternata. Moench, Meth. 101.

Conopodium Canadense. Koch, Umbel. 119.

% Mesodiscus simplex & proliferus. Rat. New Flora, 4. 20.

CYMOPTERUS alpinus. Gray, Am. Journ. Sci. 2. 33. 408 (Bull. Bot. Soc. Fr.
9. 679); Proc. Acad. Philad. 1863, 62. Porter, Hayd. Rep. 1871, 484; Fl. Col. 50.
Rothr. Pl. Wheeler, 40.
# Torrey, Ann. yc. N. Y. 2. 207.

Oreoxis humilis. Raf.; Seringe, Bull. Bot. Soc. Genev. 1830, 214 (Litt.-Ber. zu
Linnea, 1835, 82).
C. (?) anisatus. Gray, Proc. Acad. Philad. 1863, 63. Watson, King’s Rep. 5. 125.
Porter, Fl. Col. 60.

C. terebinthinus, var. feniculaceus. Gray, Am. Journ. Sci. 2. 33. 408.
C. campestris. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 624. Walp. Rep. 2. 418.

C. cinerarius. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 6.535. Anderson, Cat. Pl. Nev. 121.
Brew. & Wats. Bot. Calif. 1. 267.

C. Fendleri. Gray, Pl. Fendl. 56; Pl. Thurb. 299. Walp. Ann. 2.715. Torrey,
Mex. Bound. 70.
C. terebinthinus. Gray, Ives’ Rep. 15.

C. glaucus. Nutt. in Journ. Acad. Philad. 7.28. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 624. Eat.
& Wr. 215. Walp. Rep. 2. 418. Watson, King’s Rep. 5. 124.
C. globosus. Watson, Proc. Am. Acad. 11.141. Brew. & Wats. 1. ¢.

C. montanus. Torr. & Gray, Pac. R. Rep. 2. 120. Watson, King’s Rep. 5. 128,
in part.

C. montanus, var. globosus. Watson, l. c. 124, excl. fruit.
C. glomeratus. Raf. Journ. Phys. 1819, 100; Seringe, Bull. Bot. Gen. 1830, 214
(Litt.-Ber. zu Linnea, 1833, 81). DC. Prodr. 4. 204. Don, Mill. 3. 850. Torr. &
Gray, Fl. 1. 623. Eat. & Wr. 216. Nees, Pl. Neuwied, 10. Walp.1l.c. Hook.
in Lond. Journ. Bot. 6. 234. Engelm. Pl. Upp. Miss. 193. Gray, Pac. R. Rep.
12. 43; Proc. Acad. Philad. 1863, 62. Porter, Fl. Col. 60. Rothr. Pl. Wheeler, 4o.

Selinum acaule. Pursh, 732. Bradbury, Cat. 336.

Thapsia glomerata. Nutt. Genera, 1. 184. Dietr. 2. 975.

Ferula (¢) Palmella. Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am. 1. 268. Don, Mill. 3.328. Eat. &
Wr. 244.

C. longipes. Watson, King’s Rep. 5. 124. Coulter, Hayd. Rep. 1872, 768.

C. montanus. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 624; Pac. R. Rep. 2. 165. Walp. Rep. 2. 418.
Hook. in Lond. Journ. Bot. 6. 234. Gray, Pl. Fendl. 56; Pl. Wright. 1.79; Pl.
Thurb. 299; Ives’ Rep. 15; Am. Journ. Sci. 2. 33. 408; Proc. Acad. Philad, 1865,
62. Engelm. Pl. Upp. Miss. 193. Torrey, Pac. R. Rep. 4. 92; Mex. Bound. 70.
Watson, King’s Rep. 5. 123, in part & excl. var. Porter, Fl. Col.60. Brew. &
Wats. Bot. Calif. 1. 266.

C. macrorhizus. Buck. Proc. Acad. Philad. 1861, 455; fide Gray, same, 1862, 163.

Var. purpurascens. Gray, Ives’ Rep. 15. Brew. & Wats. 1. c. 267.
C. montanus, var. globosus. ‘Watson, King’s Rep. 5. 124, in part.

2

eae

Cymopterus. Deweya.] UMBELLIFERZ. 419

C. Nevadensis. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 6. 536. Brew. & Wats. 1. e.
C. nivalis. Watson, King’s Rep. 5. 123.
C. purpureus. Watson, Am. Naturalist, 7.500. Parry, same, 9. 271.

C. terebinthinus. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 624. Eat. & Wr. 216. Walp. Rep. 2. 418.
Newberry, Pac. R. Rep. 6.75. ‘Torrey, Bot. Wilkes, 822. Parry, Am. Naturalist,
g. 271. Brew. & Wats. Bot. Calif. 1. 266.

Selinum terebinthinum. Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am. 1. 266, t.95. Don, Mill. 3. 322.

1 ©. albiflorus & thapsoides. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 625. Walp. Rep. 2. 418.

C. feniculaceus. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 624. Walp. lc. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad.
6. 536. Watson, King’s Rep. 5.124. Porter, Hayd. Rep. 1871, 484. Coulter,
same, 1872, 768.
CYNOSCIADIUM digitatum. DC. Mem. Umbel. 44, t. 11, f. A, & Prodr.
4.141. Don, Mill. 3.305, f. 63. Torr. & Gray, Fl.1. 617. Dietr. 2. 954. Hat. &
Wr. 216. Darby, Bot. 3834. Gray, Hall’s Pl. Texas, 11.

C. pinnatum. DC.1.c.t.11,fB; Prodr. 4.141. Don, Mill. 3.305. Torr. &
Gray, Fl..1.617. Dietr. 2. 954. Gray, 1. c. 11.
Lthusa pinnata. Nutt.; Eat. & Wr. 116.
Var. pumilum. Engelm. & Gray, Pl. Lindh. 10. Gray, Hall’s Pl. Texas, rr.

DAUCUS Carora, Linn. Walter, 118. Pursh, 191. Elliott, 1.548. Barton,
Comp. Fl. Phil. 1.138. Torrey, Fl. U. S. 308; Fl. N. Y. 1. 280. Bigel. Fl. Bost,
2ed.109. Beck, Bot. 149. Darling. Fl. Cestr. 197. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 655.
Kat. & Wr. 221. Gray, Manual, 191. Porter, Fl. Col. 53.

Tiricta daucoides. Raf. New Flora, 4. 23.

D. scadiophyllus, &c. Raf. 1. c. 4. 24.

D. pusillus. Michx. Fl. 1. 164. Poir. Suppl. 2. 118. Pursh, 192. Elliott, 1. 349.
DC. Prodr. 4. 213. Hook. Comp. Bot. Mag. 1.47. Don, Mill. 3. 358. New Flora,
4.26. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 636; Pac. R. Rep. 2.165. Dietr. 2.987. Eat. & Wr.
221. Walp. Rep. 2.419. Benth. Pl. Hartw. 513. Torrey, Pac. R. Rep. 4. 93.
Cooper, same, 12.63. Chapman, 161. Wood, Cl-Book, 881; Bot. & Fl. 159.
Benth. Fl. Austral. 3. 376. Boland. Cat. 14. Watson, Proc. Am. Acad. 11. 115.
Brew. & Wats. Bot. Calif. 1. 272. — Referred to D. australis, Poepp., by Hook. f. in
Fl. N. Zeal. 1.91 & Fl. Tasm. 1.7161.

D. Carota, var. Spreng. in Roem. & Schult. Syst. 6. 474.

Babiron pusillum. Raf. New Flora, 23.

D. brevifolius. Raf. 1. ¢. 26.

Var. microphyllus. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 636. Torrey, Bot. Wilkes, 321.
D. microphyllus. Presl; DC. Prodr. 4. 213. Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am. 1.271. Don,
Mill. 3. 358. Dietr. 2.978. Eat. & Wr. 221.
Var. scaber. Torr. & Gray,'1.c. Gray, Pl. Wright. 2.65. Torrey, Mex.
Bound. 71.
DEWEYA arguta. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 641. Walp. Rep. 5. 922. Torrey, Pac.
R. Rep. 4.94; Mex. Bound. 70, t.26. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 7. 842. Boland.
Cat. 13. Brew. & Wats. Bot. Calif. 1. 257.
Arracacia arguta. Benth. & Hook. Gen. Pl. 1. 885.
D. Hartwegi. Gray,l.c. Boland. Cat.13. Brew. & Wats. Bot. Calif. 1. 257.
Dd. ,n. sp. Benth. Pl. Hartw. 312. Walp. Ann. 2. 723.
D. arguta, var. B. Torrey in Durand, Pl. Pratten. 89; Pac. R. Rep. 4. 94.
D. Kelloggii. Gray, 1. c. 343. Boland. Cat. 13. Brew. & Wats. 1. ¢.

420 UMBELLIFER. [Discopleura. Eryngium.

DISCOPLEURA capillacea. DC. Mem. Umbel. 38, t. 8, f. A; Prodr. 4. 106.
Don, Mill. 3. 283. Beck, Bot. 144. Hook. Comp. Bot. Mag. 1. 47. Torr. & Gray,
Fl. 1.607. Dietr. 2.944. Eat. & Wr. 227. Torrey, Fl. N. Y. 1.266. Chapman,
162. Reichenb. f. Icon. Fl. Germ. 21. 8, t. 1850, f. 9-15 (fruit). Gray, Manual,
195; Hall’s Pl. Texas, 11.

Ammi majus. Walter, 113.

Ammi capillaceum. Michx. Fl. 1. 164. Persoon, 1. 308. Poir. Suppl. 1. 310.
Pursh, 192. Nutt. Genera, 1.179. Barton, Comp. Fl. Phil. 1. 138. Elliott, 1. 349.

Ammi rubricaule. Hornem. Hort. Hafn. 272. DC. Prodr. 4.114. Don, Mill.
3. 287. Dietr. 2. 944.

Sison capillaceus. Spreng. Spec. Umbel. 112, in part; Roem. & Schult. Syst.
6. 411; Syst. 1. 887. Torrey, Fl. U. S. 306.

Sison rubricaule. Eat. & Wr. 429.

Ptilimnium capillaceum. Raf.; Seringe, Bull. Bot. Soc. Genev. 1830, 214 (Litt.-
Ber. zu Linnea, 1833, 82).

Var. (?) costata. DC.1.c.,t.8,f£B; Prodr. 4.107. Torr. & Gray, FI. 1. 607-

Gray, Manual, 195. ;

Ammi costatum. Elliott, 1. 850 (Spreng. Neue Entdeck. 2. 194).

Prilimnium costatum. Raf. 1. ¢.

D. costata. Chapman, 162. Wood, Cl.-Book, 887; Bot. & Fl. 141.

.D. laciniata. Benth. & Hook. Gen. Pl. 1. 907.
Daucosma laciniatum. Engelm. & Gray, Pl. Lindh. 210. Gray, Pl. Wright.
1.79 & 2.65. Walp. Ann. 2. 701. Torrey, Mex. Bound. 70.

D. Nuttallii. DC.1.c.t.9; Prodr. 4.107. Don, Mill. 3. 283. Torr. & Gray, FI.
1. 608. Dietr. 2.946. Eat. & Wr. 227. Torrey, Sitgr. Rep. 175. Chapman, 162.
Gray, Manual, 195; Hall’s Pl. Texas, 11.

? Peucedanum verticillatum. Raf. Fl. Lud. 81. Spreng. in Roem. & Schult. Syst.
6. 571. DC. Prodr. 4. 182. Don, Mill. 3. 335. Dietr. 2. 968. Eat. & Wr. 349.

2 Ptilimnium junceum. Raf.; Seringe, ll. ce.

ERIGENIA bulbosa. Nutt. Genera, 1.188. DC. Prodr. 4. 71. Don, Mill.
3. 256. Beck, Bot. 141. Hook. Comp. Bot. Mag. 1.47. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 645.
Torrey, Fl. N. Y. 1. 283, t. 39. Gray, Manual, 198.

Hydrocotyle bipinnata. Muhl. Suppl. Ind. FI. Lane. 236; Cat. 2 ed. 29. Barton,
Prod. Fl. Phil. 36.

Sison bulbosum. Michx. FI. 1. 169.

Ligusticum (%) bulbosum. Persoon, 1. 315. Spreng. in Roem. & Schult. 6. 555.

Stum bulbosum. Poir. Suppl. 1. 622.

Hydrocotyle composita. Pursh, 190. Poir. Suppl. 5. 702. Spreng. Spec. Umbel.
6, t. 5, f.9; Roem. & Schult. Syst. 6. 355; Syst. 1. 878. Torrey, Fl. U. 8. 304.

Hydrocotyle ambiqua. Pursh, 732 (Rich. Monogr. Hydroe. 82). Poir. Suppl.
5. 702. Bradbury, Cat. 335. Spreng. in Roem. & Schult. Syst. 6. 356; Syst. 1. 876.

ITydrocotyle bulbosa. Fat. & Wr. 277.

ERYNGIUM aromaticum. Baldwin; Elliott, 1. 344 (Spreng. Neue Entdeck.
2.194). Spreng. Syst. 1.872. DC. Prodr. 4.94. Don, Mill. 8.272. Torr, &
Gray, Fl. 1.604. Dietr. 2.938. Hat. & Wr. 138. Chapman, 160. . Wood, Cl.
Book, 379; Bot. & Fl. 156.

E. Baldwinii. Spreng. Syst. 1. 870. DC. Prodr. 4. 92. Don, Mill. 3. 270. Hook.
Comp. Bot. Mag. 1. 47. Torr. & Gray, Fl.-1. 605, excl. var. Dietr. 2. 9387. Eat. &
Wr. 258. Gray, Pl. Wright. 1.78. Chapman, 160. Wood, ll. ce.

Eryngium. ] UMBELLIFER&. 421

E. gracile. Baldwin; Elliott, 1. 845 (Spreng. Neue Entdeck. 2. 194); not Dela-
roche. Nutt. Genera, 1.175. Eat. & Wr. 238.

E. Cervantesii. Chapman, 160; not Delaroche.

£. prostratum. Wood, ll. ce., excl. var.

2 Streblanthus auriculatus. Raf.; Seringe, Bull. Bot. Soc. Genev. 1830, 214 (Litt.-
Ber. zu Linnea, 1833, 82). Raf. New Flora, 4. 35.

Streblanthus gracilis, humilis & tenuifolius. Raf. 1. c. 35 & 36.

E. diffusum. Torrey, Ann. Lye. N. Y. 2. 207; Marcy’s Rep. 286, t. 6; Sitgr. Rep.

175; Pac. R. Rep. 4.91; Mex. Bound. 70. DC. Prodr. 4.91. Don, Mill. 3, 269.
Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 603. Dietr. 2.937. Hat. & Wr. 238. Young, Fl. Texas, 296.

E. prostratum. James in Long’s Exped. 2. 525.

E. foetidum. Linn. Spec. 232, in part. Michx. Fl. 1.163. Pursh, 189. Elliott,
1. 544. Eat. & Wr. 238. Excluded by Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 606; a West Indian
species, found in Florida only by Michaux.

EB. heterophyllum. Engelm. in Wisliz. Rep. 22. Walp. Ann. 2. 696. (Chi-
huahua.)

E. Hookeri. Walp. Rep. 2. 389. Gray, Pl. Wright. 1. 78.

E. coronatum. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 604; not Hook. & Arn. Engelm. & Gray, PI.
Lindh. to. Young, Fl. Texas, 286.

E. Leavenworthii. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 604. Walp. Rep. 2. 389. Gray, PI.
Lindh. 209; Pl. Wright. 1.79 & 2.65. Torrey, Sitgr. Rep. 175; Mex. Bound. 70.
Young, Fl. Texas, 286.
E. longifolium. Cav. Ann. 2. 133; Icon. 6,t.555. Delaroche, Eryng. 58. Tratt.
Arch. t. 766. DC. Prodr. 4. 95. Gray, Pl. Wright. 2. 65.
E. Mettaueri. Wood, Cl.-Book, 379; Bot. & Fl. 136.
E. nasturtiifolium. Juss.; Delaroche, Eryng. 46,t.17. Tratt. Arch. t. 768.
Spreng. in Roem. & Schult. Syst. 6. 328; Syst. 1.872. DC. Prodr. 4.92. J.Gay,
Eryng. in Ann. Sci. Nat. 5. 9. 162.
E. petiolatum. Hook. FI. Bor-Am. 1. 259. Don, Mill. 3. 275. Torr. & Gray, FI.
1. 604. Eat. & Wr. 238. Walp. Rep. 2.389. Benth. Bot. Sulph. 18. Torrey, Pac.
R. Rep. 7. 12; Bot. Wilkes, 315. Boland. Cat.13. Brew. & Wats. Bot. Calif. 1. 255.
FE. aquaticum. Hook. & Arn. Bot. Beechey, 142.
Var. juncifolium. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 8. 385.
E. articulatum. Hook. Lond. Journ. Bot. 6. 232. Newberry, Pac. R. Rep. 6. 75.
Var. armatum. Watson, Bot. Calif. 1. 255.
E. prealtum. Gray, Pl. Lindh. 210. Walp. Ann. 2. 696. Chapman, 160.

E. aquaticum. Michx. FI. 1. 163.

E. Virginianum. Elliott, 1. 843. Torr. & Gray, FI. 1. 605, in part.

E. prostratum. Nutt.; DC. Prodr. 4.92. Don, Mill. 3.270. Eat. & Wr. 238.
Dietr. 2. 937. Gray, Pl. Wright. 1. 78.

2 BE. Americanum. Walter, 112. Spreng. in Roem. & Schult. Syst. 6. 537.
DC. Prodr. 4. 97. Don, Mill. 3.274. Dietr. 2. 939. Eat. & Wr. 238. Gray, Hall’s
Pl. Texas, 11.

@ E. integrifolium. Walter, 112. Lam. Dict. 4. 760.

DET 2 Elliott, 1. 345, under L. gracile.

E. Baldwinii, var. B. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 605.

Streblanthus heterophyllus. Raf. New Flora, 4. 35.

E. prostratum, var. foliosum. Wood, Cl.-Book, 878; Bot. & Fl. 136.

E. Ravenelii. Gray, Pl. Lindh. 209. Walp. Ann. 2. 696. Chapman, 160.

499, UMBELLIFERZ. [Eryngium. Eurytzenia.

E. virgatum. Lam. Dict. 4.757. Persoon, 1. 300. Delaroche, Eryng. 49, t. 20.
Tratt. Arch. t.' 781. Pursh, 189. Spreng. in Roem. & Schult. Syst. 6. 327; Syst.
1.870. Torrey, Fl. U.S. 301. DC..Prodr. 4. 94. Lodd. Bot. Cab. t. 1636. Don,
Mill. 3. 272. ns Bot. 142. Hook. Comp. Bot. Mag. 1.47. Torr. & Gray, FI. 1.
605. Dietr. 2. 938. Chapman, 160. Wood, Cl.-Book, 379; Bot. & Fl. 136.

E. ov ee Michx. Fl]. 1. 163. Persoon, 1. c. Elliott, 1. 343. Eat. & Wr. 238.

E. Virginianum. Lam. Dict. 4. 759. Persoon, 1. 3500. Delaroche, Eryng. 48,
t.19. Tratt. Arch. t. 782. Pursh, 189. Barton, Comp. Fl. Phil. 1. 136. Spreng.
in Roem. & Schult. Syst. 6. 327; Syst.1.871. Torrey, Fl. U. S. 301. DC. Prodr.
4.94. Don, Mill. 3.272. Beck, Bot. 142. Torr. & Gray, FI. 1. 605, in part. Dietr.
2. 938. Eat. & Wr. 238. Gray, Pl. Lindh. 209 & 210; Manual, 191. Walp. Ann.
2. 696. Chapman, 160. Lesqx. Fl. Ark. 362.

E. aquaticum, var. B. Linn. Spec. 232. Crantz, Umbel. 117. Willd. Spec. 1. 1857.

4K. fetidum. Walter, 112.

EF. Plukenetiit. Tlliott, 1.582. Eat. & Wr. 238.
E. Wrightii. Gray, Pl. Wright. 1. 78 & 2.65; Hall’s Pl. Texas, 11. Seem. Bot.
Herald, 294. Walp. Ann. 5. 64. Torrey, Mi Bound. 7o.

£. tenue. Hook. & Arn. Bot. Beechey, 293; not Lam. Walp. Rep. 2. 589.

E. yuccefolium. Michx. Fl. 1.164. Chapman, 160. Lesqx. Fl. Ark. 362. Gray,
Manual, 191.

E. fotidum. Winn. Spee. 232, in part.

F. aquaticum. Linn. Spec. 232, in part, excl. var. Hill, Veg. Syst. 5. 65, t. 50,
f. 2. Crantz, Umbel. 117. Jacquin, Icon. Rar. 2. 13, t. 347; Obs. Bot. 1. 151.
Walter, 112. Ait. Hort. Kew. 1. 825. Lam. Dict. 4. 758, in part. Willd. Spee. 1.
1357, excl. var.; Enum. 298. Persoon, 1. 300. Delaroche, Eryng. 57. Pursh, 189,
in part. Nutt. Genera, 1. ae Elliott, 1. 342. Ker, Bot. Reg. 5, t. 372. Spreng.
in Roem. & Schult. Syst. 6.316; Syst. 1. 868. Torrey, FI. U. 8. 301; Emory’s

tep. 409.. DC. Prodr. 4.95. Don, Mill. 3.272. Beck, Bot. 142. Hook. Comp. Bot.

Mag.1.47. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 604, in part. Dietr. 2.938. Hat. & Wr. 238.
Gray, Pl. Lindh. 209; Manual, 1 ed. 157. Parry, Pl. Minn. 612.

E. Americanum ; prostratum. E. gracile ; Baldwinii.
aquaticum ; petiolatum, prealtum, integrifolium ; prostratum.
Virginianum, yuccefolium. ovalifolium ; virgatum.
articulatum ; petiolatum. Plukenetii ; Virginianum.
Baldwinti ; prostratum. prostratum ; Baldwinii, diffusum.
Cervantesii; Baldwinii. tenue; Wrightii.
coronatum ; Hoolkceri. Virginianum ; prealtum.

Jatidum ; Virginianum, yuccefolium. 2; prostratum.
EULOPHUS Americanus. Nutt.; DC. Mem. Umbel. 69, t. 2, f. M; Prodr. 4.
248. Don, Mill. 3.381. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1.640. Eat. & Wr. 240. Gray, Man-
ual, 198.

? Entasikon (2) tuberosum. Raf. New Flora, 4. 29.

Smyrnium Americanum. Dietr. 2. 989.
E. Texanus. Benth. & Hook. Gen. Pl. 1. 882 & 885.

Tauschia Texana. Gray, Pl. Lindh. 211; Pl. Wright. 1. 79. Walp. Ann. 2. 719.

EBURYTZ:NIA Texana. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 633. Torrey, Marcy’s Rep. 287,

t. 7. Gray, Hall’s Pl. Texas, 11.
E. macrophylla. Buck. Proc. Acad. Philad. 1861, 455; fide Gray, same, 1862, 163.

Ferula. Heracleum.] UMBELLIFER. 423

FERULA Californica. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 7.348. Brew. & Wats. Bot.
@alif, 17272:

Leptotenia Californica. Nutt.; Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1.630. Walp. Rep. 2. 412.
Torrey, Pac. R. Rep. 4. 92.
F. dissoluta. Watson, Bot. Calif. 1. 271.

Leptotenia dissecta. Nutt.1l.c. Walp.1l.c. Hook. Lond. Journ. Bot. 6. 236.
Gray, Ives’ Rep. 15. Torrey, Bot. Wilkes, 519.

Cynapium (2) Bigelovii. Torrey, Pac. R. Rep. 4. 94.

F’, dissecta. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 7. 548 & 8. 385; not Ledeb.
F. multifida. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 7. 348. Watson, King’s Rep. 5. 127; Pl.
Wheeler, 9. Porter, Hayd. Rep. 1871, 484. Coulter, same, 1872, 768. Brew. &
Wats. Bot. Calif. 1. 271.

Leptotenia multifida. Nutt.; Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1.650. Walp. Rep. 2.412. Hook.
Lond. Journ. Bot. 6. 236. Durand, Fl. Utah, 165.

F. Newberryi. Watson, Proc. Am. Acad. 11. 145. Brew. & Wats. lL. e.
Peucedanum Newberryi. Watson, Am. Naturalist, 7. 301. Parry, same, 9. 271.

F. Canadensis; igusticum actexfo- | F’. macrocarpa; Peucedanum macrocar-

lium. pum.
caruifolia ; Peucedanum caruifolium. nudicaulis & Nuttallii ; Peucedanum
dissecta ; dissoluta. nudicaule.
Drummondii ; Polytenia Nuttall. Palmella; Cymopterus glomeratus.
Jeniculacea ; Peucedanum feenicula- parvifolia ; Peucedanum parvifolium.
ceum, macrocarpum, millefolium. villosa; Archangelica hirsuta.

GLYCOSMA ambiguum. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 8. 386. Brew. & Wats. Bot.
Calif. 1. 262.

G. Bolanderi. Gray,1|.c. Brew. & Wats. 1. ec.
Myrrhis Bolanderi. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 7. 546. Boland. Cat. 13.

G. occidentale. Nutt.; Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1.639. Walp. Rep. 2. 425 & 5. 908.
Hook. Lond. Journ. Bot: 6. 237. Cooper, Pac. R. Rep. 12. 63. Brew. & Wats. Bot.
Calif. 1. 262.

Osmorhiza occidentalis. Torrey, Mex. Bound. 71; Bot. Wilkes, 824. Boland.
Cat. 13.

Myrrhis occidentalis. Benth. & Hook. Gen. Pl. 1. 897. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad.
7. 346. Watson, King’s Rep. 5. 122. Porter, Hayd. Rep. 1871, 484. Coulter, same,
1872, 768. Parry, Am. Naturalist, 9. 271.
HERACLEUM lanatum. Michx. Fl. 1.166. Persoon, 1. 814. Poir, Suppl. 1.
619. Pursh, 192. Bigel. Fl. Bost. 67. Barton, Fl. Philad. 37; Comp.1.159. Nutt.
Genera, 1.181. Spreng. Umbel. 46; Roem. & Schult. Syst. 6. 580. Torrey, FI.
U.S. 313; FI. N. Y. 1.279; Frem. Rep. 90; Pac. R. Rep. 4. 92; Mex. Bound. 71.
DC. Prodr. 4.192. Bong. Veg: Sitch. 142. Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am. 1. 269; Lond. Journ.
Bot. 6. 237. Don, Mill. 3. 342. Beck, Bot. 148. Darling. FI. Cestr. 196. Torr. &
Gray, F]. 1. 632. Dietr. 2.972. Eat. & Wr. 267. Ledeb. Fl. Ross. 2. 823. Gray,
Pl. Fendl. 56; Manual,191. Parry, Pl. Minn. 613. Cooper, Pac. R. Rep. 12. 63.
Chapman, 165. Pl. Bourgeau, 257. Rothr. Fl. Alask. 447; Pl. Wheeler, 40. Wat-
son, King’s Rep. 5.131. Porter, Hayd. Rep. 1871, 484; Fl. Col. 53. Coulter,
Hayd. Rep. 1872, 768. Boland. Cat. 14. Brew. & Wats. Bot. Calif. 1. 271.

494 UMBELLIFER. [Heracleum. Hydrocotyle.

H. Spondylium. Nutt. Genera, 1.181. James, Cat. 178. Torr. Ann. Lye. N. Y.
2.207. Cham. & Schlecht. in Linnea, 1. 394. Hook. & Arn. Bot. Beechey, 142.
Eat. & Wr. 267. Ledeb. Fl. Ross. 2. 322, in part.

H. Panaces. Spreng. Syst. 1. 912, in part.

H. auritum. Bischoff, Del. Sem. Hort. Heidelb. 1839 (Litt.-Ber. zu Linnea, 14.
151). Walp. Rep. 2. 416.

H. dulce. Fisch. in Ind. Sem. Petrop: 9, Suppl. 23 (Linnea, 18.221). Ruprecht,
Beitr. Fl. Russ. 2. 37. Walp. Rep. 5. 890.

Var. vestitum. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 632. Torrey, Bot. Wilkes, 323.

H. Douglasii. DC. Prodr. 4.193. Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am. 1. 270. Don, Mill. 8.

343. Dietr. 2.972. Eat. & Wr. 267.
HYDROCOTYLE Americana. Linn. Spec. 234. Hill, Veg. Syst. 5. 23, t. 10,
f.1. Crantz, Umbel. 120, Lam. Dict. 3.152. Willd. Spec. 1. 1361. Thunb. Diss.
Bot. 2. 414. Michx. Fl. 1. 162. Persoon, 1. 301. Pursh, 190. Bigel. Fl. Bost. 67.
Barton, Fl. Phil. 36. Spreng. Spec. Umbel. 3, t. 2, f. 3; Roem. & Schult. Syst. 6.
346; Syst. 1.876. Elliott, 1.346. Torrey, Fl. U. S. 303; Fl. N. Y. 1. 262. Rich-
ard, Hydrocot. in Ann. Sci. Phys. 4. 45, t. 55, f. 10. DC. Prodr. 4. 64. Hook. FI.
Bor.-Am. 1.257. Don, Mill. 3.251. Beck, Bot. 140. Darling. Fl. Cestr. 183.
Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1.599. Dietr. 2.928. Eat. & Wr. 277. Chapman, 158. Gray,
Manual, 189.

H. interrupta. Muhl.Cat.10. Elliott, 1. 345. Spreng. Syst.1.875. DC. Prodr.
4.59, in part. Don, Mill.3. 248. Beck, Bot.140. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 599, in part.
Dietr. 2. 926. Gray, Pl. Lindh. 209; Pl. Wright, 2.64; Manual, 190; Hall’s Pl.
Texas, 11. Chapman, 159.
HT. vulgaris. Michx. Fl. 1.161. Pursh, 190. Spreng. in Roem. & Schult. Syst.
6. 344, in part. Torrey, Fl. U.S. 303. Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am. 1. 257. Eat. & Wr. 277.
H, vulgaris, var. verticillata. Richard, Hydrocot. 27, in part.
H. prolifera. Kellogg, Proc. Calif. Acad. 1.15. Brew. & Wats. Bot. Calif. 1. 254.
HH. vulgaris. Cham. & Schlecht. in Linnea, 1. 356, in part.
Hi. interrupta. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 599, in part. Boland. Cat. 13.
HH. natans. Torrey, Mex. Bound. 69.

H. ranunculoides. Linn. f. Suppl. 177. Lam. Dict. 3.154. Willd. Spee. 1.
1565. Thunb. Diss. Bot. 2.415. Persoon, 1. 502. conae Spec. Umbel. 2, t. 1,
f.2; Roem. & Schult. Syst. 6. 349, excl. var.; Syst. 1.877. Richard, Hydrocot.
69, t. 58, f.18. Torrey, Fl. U.S. 304; Mex. Bound. 69; Bot. Wilkes, 313. Cham.
& Schlecht. in Linnea, 1.378. DC. Prods, 4.65. Don, Mill. 3. 252. Darling. FI.
Cestr. 597. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 600. Dietr. 2. 928. Kat. & Wr. 277. Clos in Gay,
Fl. Chil. 3. 65. Gray, Pl. Wright. 2.64; Manual, 189. Chapman, 159. Kellogg,
Proce. Calif Acad. 1.14. Brew. & Wats. Bot. Calif. 1. 254.

HT, Americana. Walter, 118% Newberry, Pac. R. Rep. 6.75. Boland. Cat. 13.

Hf. cymbalarifolia. Muhl. Cat. 29. Elliott, 1. 546. Beck, Bot. 140.

H.natans. Cham. & Schlecht. in Linnea, 1. 373; not Cyr. DC. Prodr. 4. 62, in
part. Hook. & Arn. Bot. Beechey, 347. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 599. Boland. Cat. 13.

H. repanda. Persoon, 1. 302. Pursh, 190. Poir. Suppl. 5. 702. Spreng. Spee.
Umbel. 4, t. 2, f£. 4; Roem. & Schult. Syst. 6. 349, excl. var.; Syst. 1. 876. Richard,
Hydrocot. 39, t. 57, f.14. Elliott, 1.347. Cham. & Schlecht. in Linnea, 1. 369.
DC. Prodr. 4. 62. Don, Mill. 3.250. Hook. Comp. Bot. Mag.1.47. Torr. & Gray,
Fl. 1.600. Dietr. 2.927. Eat. & Wr. 277. Gray, Pl. Lindh. 209; Manual, 189;
Hall’s Pl. Texas, 11. Chapman, 159. Referred to H. As/atica, Linn., by Benth.
Fl. Austral. 3. 347, and by Griseb. Fl. Brit. W. Ind. 3807, as var. repanda.

~

Hydrocotyle. Ligusticum.] UMBELLIFERZ. 425

H. reniformis. Walter, 113. Poir. Suppl. 3. 72.

¢ H. erecta. Linn. f. Suppl. 177. Lam. Dict. 8.154. Willd. Spec. 1. 1862.
Thunb. Diss. Bot. 2. 414. Persoon, 1. 302.

H. ficarioides. Michx. FI. 1. 161.

Glyceria repanda. Nutt. Genera, 1. 177.

Chondrocarpus erectus. Nutt. Genera, Errata.

H. umbellata. Linn. Spec. 254. Hill, Veg. Syst. 5. 22, t. 9, £2. Crantz, Umbel.
120. Walter, 112. Lam. Dict. 3.152. Swartz, Obs. Bot.111. Willd. Spec. 1. 1361.
Thunb. Diss. Bot. 2.414. Persoon, 1.301. Ait. f. Hort. Kew. 2. 118. Pursh, 190.
Spreng. Spec. Umbel. 1, t. 1; Roem. & Schult. Syst. 6. 345, excl. var.; Syst. 1. 875.
Richard, Hydrocot. 28, t. 52, f. 3. Elliott, 1.346. Bigel. Fl. Bost. 2 ed. 109.
Torrey, Fl. U. S. 303; Fl. N. Y. 1. 262; Mex. Bound. 69. DC. Prodr. 4. 60. Don,
Mill. 3. 249. Beck, Bot. 140. Hook. Comp. Bot. Mag. 1.46. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1.
699. Hat. & Wr. 277. Gray, Pl. Lindh. 209; Manual, 189; Hall’s Pl. Texas, 11.
Chapman, 159. Lesqx. Fl. Ark. 362. Griseb. Fl. Brit. W. Ind. 307.

H. umbellulata. Michx. Fl. 1.161. Richard, 1. c. 29, t. 53, f. 4.

FT, incrassatum. Raf. Fl. Lud. 81.

HI, fluitans. DC. Prodr. 4. 69. Don, Mill. 3.255. Dietr. 2. 931.

Var. (?) ambigua. Gray, Manual, 190.

HI. ambigua ; Erigenia bulbosa. H. erecta & ficarioides ; repanda.
Americana ; ranunculoides. Jluitans & incrassatum ; wmbellata.
Asiatica ; repanda. interrupta ; prolifera.
bipinnata & bulbosa ; Erigenia bulbosa. lineata ; Crantzia lineata.
Chinensis ; Crantzia lineata. natans ; prolifera, ranunculoides.
composita ; Erigenia bulbosa. reniformis ; repanda.
cordata ; Limnanthemum trachysper- umbellulata ; umbellata.

mum. vulgaris ; interrupta, prolifera.

cymbalarifolia ; ranunculoides.

LIGUSTICUM actzifolium. Michx. Fl.1.166. Persoon, 1.315. Poir. Suppl.
3. 482. Pursh, 193. Spreng. in Roem. & Schult. Syst. 6.555; Syst. 1.908. Tor-
rey, Fl. U.S. 313. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 618. Chapman, 163. Gray, Manual, 194.

Ferula Canadensis. Linn. Spec. 247, not Hort. Ups. Hill, Veg. Syst. 6. 37,
t. 35, f.2. Crantz, Umbel. 72. Willd. Spec. 1.1418. DC. Prodr. 4. 174. Hook.
Fl. Bor.-Am. 1. 268. Don, Mill. 3. 827. Dietr. 2. 965.

% Angelica lobata. Walter, 115. Gmelin, Syst. 1.482. Spreng. in Roem. & Schult.
Syst. 6. 608.

Angelica lucida. Bartram, Trav. 327. Pursh, 193. Elliott, 1. 353.

Thaspium acteifolium. Nutt. Genera, 1.197. DC. Prodr. 4. 154. Hook. FI.
Bor.-Am. 1. 265. Don, Mill. 3. 315. Beck, Bot. 146. Dietr. 2. 958.
L. apiifolium. Benth. & Hook. Gen. Pl. 1. 912. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 7. 547 &
8. 385. Boland. Cat. 13. Porter, Fl. Col. 51. Watson, Proc. Am. Acad. 11. 140.
Brew. & Wats. Bot. Calif. 1. 264.

Cynapium apiifolium. Nutt.; Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1.641. Walp. Rep. 2. 26 &
5. 922. Torrey, Pac. R. Rep. 4. 93.

Conioselinum Canadense. Newberry, Pac. R. Rep. 6.75% Gray, Proc. Acad.
Philad. 1863, 68. Coulter, Hayd. Rep. 1872, 768 ?

Var. minus. Gray; Brew. & Wats. Bot. Calif. 1. 264.

426 UMBELLIFER&. [Ligusticum. C&nanthe.

L. filicinum. Watson, Proc. Am. Acad. 11. 140.

L. apiifolium. Watson, King’s Rep. 5. 125.

L. scopulorum. Parry, Am. Naturalist, 9. 271.
L. montanum. Benth. & Hook. Gen. Pl. 1.912 & 914. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad.
7. 847. Porter, Fl. Col. 51. Rothr. Pl. Wheeler, 4o.

Thaspium (2) montanum. Gray, Pl. Fendl. 57; Ives’ Rep. 15; Am. Journ. Sci. 2.
03. 408; Proc. Acad. Philad. 1863, 63. Walp. Ann. 2. 702. Torrey, Stansb. Rep.
089; Pac. R. Rep. 4.94. Durand, Fl. Utah, 165.

Var. tenuifolium.

Thaspium montanum, var. tenuifolium. Gray, Pl. Wright. 2.65. Torrey, Mex.

Bound. 70.

L. scopulorum. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 7. 347. Porter, Fl. Col. 51. Watson,
Proc. Am. Acad. 11. 140. Brew. & Wats. Bot. Calif. 1. 264.

Conioselinum Canadense. Torrey, Pac. R. Rep. 4. 94.

Conioselinum Fischeri. Cooper, Pac. R. Rep. 12.62% Gray, Am. Journ. Sci. 2.
08. 408; Proc. Acad. Philad. 1863, 63, in part. Torrey, Bot. Wilkes, 321 ?

L. apiifolium. Rothr. Pl. Wheeler, 40.
L. Scoticum. Linn. Spec. 250. See syn. in Willd. Spec. 1. 1424; Spreng. in
Roem. & Schult. Syst. 6. 547; DC. Prodr. 4. 157; Ledeb. Fl. Ross. 2. 286. — Michx.
Fl. 1. 166. Persoon, 1. 314. Pursh, 193. Nutt. Genera,1.185. Koch, Umbel. 104,
f. 44-47. Bigel. Fl. Bost.2 ed.111. Torrey, Fl. U.S. 312. Cham. & Schlecht. in
Linnea, 1. 890. Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am. 1. 265. Bongard, Veg. Sitch. 141. Don, Mill.
3.317. Beck, Bot. 146. Hook. & Arn. Bot. Beechey, 125. Torr. & Gray, FI. 1.
618. Eat. & Wr. 300. Seem. Bot. Herald, 32. Cooper, Pac. R. Rep. 12. 38 & 62.
Hook. f. Arct. Pl. 293. Rothr. Fl. Alask. 447. Gray, Manual, 194. Matthew, FI.
Acad. 21.

Haloscias Scoticum, Fries. Lange, Fl. Groenl. 127.

L. tenuifolium.
Conioselinum Fischeri. Gray, Proc. Acad. Philad. 1863, 63, in part.

MUSENIUM divaricatum. Nutt.; Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 642. Walp. Rep.
2. 427. Hook. Lond. Journ. Bot. 6. 237. Gray, Pl. Wright. 1.79; Pac. R. Rep.
12.43, t. 2. Engelm. Pl. Upp. Miss. 193.

Seseli lucidum. Nutt. in Fraser’s Cat. 1813.

Seseli divaricatum. Pursh, 732. Bradbury, Cat. 336. Nutt. Genera, 1. 194.
Spreng. in Roem. & Schult. Syst. 6. 406; Syst. 1.886. DC. Prodr. 4. 146. Don,
Mill. 3. 309. Dietr. 2. 956. Eat. & Wr. 423. Hook. f. Arct. Pl. 293.

Marathrum divaricatum. Raf. Journ. Phys. 89. 101 (Spreng. in Roem. & Schult.
Syst. 6. 406).

Adorium crassifolium. Raf.; Seringe, Bull. Bot. Soc. Genev. 1830, 214 (Litt.-Ber.
zu Linnea, 1833, 82). Raf. New Flora, 1. 66.

Var. Hookeri. Torr. & Gray,].c. Walp.l.c. Gray, Pac. R. Rep. 12. 43.

Seseli divaricatum. Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am. 1. 264. Sims, Bot. Mag. t. 1742.

M. angustifolium. Nutt.; Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 642. Walp. 1. ce.

M. trachyspermum. Nutt.1.e. Walp.1.¢e. Gray, Proc. Acad. Philad. 1863, 63.
Boland. Cat. 13. Porter, Fl. Col. 51. Rothr. Pl. Wheeler, 4o.
M. tenuifolium. Nutt.; Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1.642. Walp.1l.c. Torrey, Frem.
Rep. 90. Gray, Pl. Wright. 1. 79. Pl. Bourgeau, 263.
CSNANTHE Californica. Watson, Proc. Am. Acad. 11.189. Brew. & Wats.
Bot. Calif. 1. 264.

(2. sarmentosa. Boland. Cat. 14.

|
|

Ginanthe. Peucedanum.| UMBELLIFER. 47

CGS. sarmentosa. Presl, DC. Prodr. 4. 138. Don, Mill. 8. 303. Nutt.; Torr. &
Gray, Fl. 1.617. Dietr. 2.952. Eat. & Wr. 330. Walp. Rep. 2. 400. Cooper,
Pac. R. Rep. 12.62. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 8. 385. Torrey, Bot. Wilkes, 320.
Brew. & Wats. Bot. Calif. 1. 264.

2 Phellandrium aquaticum. Pursh, 195.

Cnanthe Phellandrium. Nutt. Genera, 1. 189. Eat. & Wr. 330.

OREOSCIADIUM acaule. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 7. 343.

Deweya (?) acaulis. ‘Torrey, Pac. R. Rep. 4. 94.
OROGENIA linearifolia. Watson, King’s Rep. 5. 120, t. 15, f. 1-3.
OSMORRHIZA brachypoda. Torrey ; Durand, Pl. Pratten. 89. Torrey, Pac.
R. Rep. 4. 93; Mex. Bound. 71. Brew. & Wats. Bot. Calif. 1. 262.
O. brevistylis. DC. Prodr. 4.252. Hook. Fl. 1. 272, in part & excl. t. Don,
Mill. 8. 3870. Beck, Bot. 150. Darling. Fl. Cestr. 200. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 638,
in part. Eat. & Wr. 336. Walp. Rep. 2. 423. Torrey, Fl. N. Y. 1. 282; Nicol.
Rep. 150. Hook. Lond. Journ. Bot. 6. 237. Engelm. Pl. Upp. Miss. 193. Chap-
man, 166. Pl. Bourgeau, 257. Gray, Manual, 197. Watson, King’s Rep. 5. 122.

Myrrhis Claytoni. Michx. Fl. 1.170. Poir. Suppl. 4. 49. Spreng. Umbel. 129,
t. 3,f 6; Roem. & Schult. Syst. 6. 508, in part; Syst.1.901. Torrey, Fl. U. S. 309.

Cheerophyllum Claytoni. Persoon, 1. 820. Pursh, 195. Elliott, 1. 358.

Scandix dulcis. Muhl. Cat. 31.

O. dulcis. Raf. 1817; Med. Bot. 2. 249.

Uraspermum hirsutum. Bigel. Fl. Bost. 2 ed. 112.

Miyrrhis brevistylis. Dietr. 2. 984.
O. longistylis. DC. Prodr. 4. 232. Hook. FI. Bor.-Am. 1. 271, t. 96. Don, Mill.
3. 369. Beck, Bot. 150. Darling. Fl. Cestr. 199. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 638. Eat.
& Wr. 336. Nees, Pl. Neuwied, 10. Walp. Rep. 2. 423. Torrey, Fl. N. Y. 1. 281,
t. 38; Nicol. Rep. 150. Parry, Pl. Minn. 613. Engelm. Pl. Upp. Miss. 193. Gray,
Pac. R. Rep. 12. 43; Struct. Bot. 427, f. 851-855; Manual, 197. Pl. Bourgeau,
257. Miquel, Ann. Mus. Lugd.-Bat. 3. 64.

Uraspermum Claytoni. Nutt. Genera, 1.193. Barton, Comp. Fl. Phil. 1. 144.
Spreng. in Roem. & Schult. Syst. 6. 508. Bigel. Fl. Bost. 2 ed. 112.

Myrrhis longistylis. Torrey, Fl. U.S. 810. Beck, Am. Journ. Sci. 1. 11. 175.

O. villosa & cordata. Raf. Med. Bot. 2. 249.

Myrrhis Claytoni. Dietr. 2. 984.
O. nuda. Torrey, Pac. R. Rep. 4. 93; Bot. Wilkes, 324. Newberry, Pac. R. Rep.
6.75. Rothr. Fl. Alask. 447. Anderson, Cat. Pl. Nev. 121. Watson, 1. c. Boland.
Cat. 13. Porter, Hayd. Rep. 1871, 484; Fl. Col. 50. Coulter, Hayd. Rep. 1872,
768. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 8. 386. Brew. & Wats. Bot. Calif. 1. 262.

O. brevistylis. Bongard, Veg. Sitch. 142. Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am. 1. 272, in part,
t.97. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 638, in part. Ledeb. Fl. Ross. 2. 354, in part.

O. divaricata. Nutt.; Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 659.
PASTINACA sativa, Linn. Pursh, 196. Barton, Comp. Fl. Phil. 1. 140.
Torrey, Fl. U. S. 314; Fl. N. Y. 1. 278. Bigel. Fl. Bost. 2 ed. 113. Hook. Fl. Bor.-
Am. 1. 269. Darling. Fl. Cestr. 196. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 652. Eat. & Wr. 544.
PEUCEDANUM ambiguum. Nutt.; Torr. & Gray, FI. 1. 626. Walp. Rep. 2.
411. Watson, Proc. Am. Acad. 11. 142. Brew. & Wats. Bot. Calif. 1. 269.

Eulophus ambiguus. Nutt. Journ. Acad. Philad. 7. 27. Eat. & Wr. 240.

P. levigatum. ‘Nutt.;.Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1.627. Hook. Lond. Journ. Bot. 6.236.

P. tenuissimum. Hook. Lond. Journ. Bot. 6. 235. Walp. Ann. 1. 352.

P. abrotanifolium. Nutt. P1. Gambel. in Proc. Acad. Philad. 4. 26, & Journ. 1. 184.

428 UMBELLIFER. [Peucedanum.

P. bicolor. Watson, King’s Rep. 5. 129; Proc. Am. Acad. 11. 144.
P: Seng deer Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 628. Walp. Rep. 2 ae Engelm. Pl. Upp.
Miss. 193? Torrey, Pac. R. Rep. 4. 92. Newberry, same, 6.75. Boland. Cat. 13.
Watson, Prog. Am. Acad. 11. 145. Brew. & Wats. Bot. Calif. 1. 269.

Ferula caruifolia. Took. & Arn. Bot. Beechey, 347.

P. marginatum. Benth. Pl. Hartw. 312. Walp. Ann. 2. 708.

P. dasycarpum. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 628. Torrey, Pac. R. Rep. 4. 93; Mex.
Bound. 70. Watson, l. c. 145. Brew. & Wats. 1. ec. 270.

P. tomentosum. Benth. Pl. Hartw. 312. Walp. Ann. 2. 708. Tene iPacwhe
Rep. 4.92. Boland. Cat. 13.

P. fieniculaceum. Hook. & Arn. Bot. Beechey, 348% Torrey, Mex. Bound. 70.
Boland. Cat. 14.

P. Huryptera. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 7.348. Watson, l. c. 142. Brew. & Wats.
1. ec. 269.

Euryptera lucida. Nutt.; Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1.629. Walp. Rep. 5. 885. Torrey,
Mex. Bound. 70, t. 27. Referred to Peucedanum by Benth. & Hook. Gen. Pl. 1. 920.

P. farinosum. Geyer; Hook. Lond. Journ. Bot. 6.235. Walp. Ann. 1. 352.
Brew. & Wats. Bot. Calif. 1. 269.

P. foeniculaceum. Nutt.; Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1.627. Walp. Rep. 2.412. Tor-
rey, Nicol. Rep. 150. Hook. Lond. Journ. Bot. 6. 236. Engelm. Pl. Upp. Miss.
193. Watson, Proc. Am. Acad. 11. 143. Brew. & Wats. 1. c. 270.

Ferula feniculacea. Nutt. Genera, 1.183. James, Cat. 178; Long’s Exped. 2.
104. Torrey, Ann. Lye. N. Y. 2. 206. DC. Prodr. 4.174. Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am. 1.
268, in part. Don, Mill. 3.3827. Dietr. 2. 965. Eat. & Wr. 245.

Pastinaca feniculacea. Spreng. in Roem. & Schult. Syst. 6. 587; Syst. 1. 913.
Nees, Pl. Neuwied, 10.

Lomatium villosum. Raf. Journ. Phys. 1819, 101.

Cogswellia villosa. Spreng. in Roem. & Schult. Syst. 6. 588.

Lomatium pubescens. Raf.; Seringe, Bull. Bot. Soc. Geney. 1880, 214 (Litt.-Ber.
zu Linnea, 1833, 82).

P. Geyeri.

P. ambiguim. Hook. Lond Journ. Bot. 6. 235. Torrey, Bot. Wilkes, 818.
P. graveolens. Watson, King’s Rep. 5. 128; Proc. Am. Acad. 11. 142.

Musenium tenuifolium. Hook. Lond. iocen Bot. 6. 237. Referred to Peucedanum
by Benth. & Hook. Gen. Pl. 1. 884.

Var. alpinum. Watson, King’s Rep. 5. 128.
P. Hallii. Watson, Proc. Am. Acad. 11.141. Brew. & Wats. Bot. Calif. 1. 269.

P. nudicaile. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 8. 585.

P. leiocarpum. Nutt.; Torr.& Gray, Fl. 1.626. Walp. Rep.2.411. Hook. Lond.
Journ. Bot. 6. 234. Torrey, Pac. R. Rep. 4. 92; Bot. Wilkes, 317. Cooper, Pac. R.
Rep. 12. 63. Boland. Cat. 13. Watson, 1. c. 141. Brew. & Wats. 1. c. 268.

Seseli leiocarpum. Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am. 1. 268, t. 93. Don, Mill. 3. 809. Eat. &
Wr. 423

P. triternatum. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 8. 385.

P. macrocarpum. Nutt.; Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 627. Walp. Rep. 2. 412. - Hook.
Lond. Journ. Bot. 6. 236. Torrey, Pac. R. Rep. 4.92; Bot. Wilkes, 519. Pl.
Bourgeau, 257. Anderson, Cat. Pl. Nev. 121. Watson, King’s Rep. 5. 130; Proc.
Am. Acad. 11.144. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 8. 385. Parry, Am. Naturalist, 9. 272.
Brew. & Wats. Bot. Calif. 1. 270.

~~) =

Peucedanum.| UMBELLIFER&. 429

Ferula feniculacea, Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am. 1. 268, in part.

Ferula macrocarpa. Hook. & Arn. Bot. Beechey, 348.

P. fwniculaceum. Newberry, Pac. R. Rep. 6.75% Cooper, same, 12.62% Gray,
Ives’ Rep. 152

P. nudicaule. Anderson, Cat. Pl. Nev. 121, in part. Boland. Cat. 13.

Thaspium macrocarpum. Pl. Bourgeau, 287.

Var. (?) euryearpum. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 8, 885. Watson, same, 11. 144.
Brew. & Wats. |. c. 270.
P. nudicaule, var. (4) ellipticum. Torr. & Gray, Pac. R. Rep. 2.121. Walp. Ann.
5.75. Torrey, Pac. R. Rep. 4. 92.

P. millefolium. Watson, King’s Rep. 5. 129; Proc. Am. Acad. 11. 143. Brew. &
Wats. 1. c. 270.

Ferula fieniculacea. Hook. FI. Bor.-Am. 1. 268, in part.

P. feniculaceum. Cooper, Pac. R. Rep. 12.63% Torrey, Bot. Wilkes, 318.

P. feniculaceum, var. daucifolium. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 627. Walp. Rep. 2. 412.

P. Nevadense. Watson, Proc. Am. Acad. 11.143. Brew. & Wats. 1. ec.
Cymopterus glomeratus, var. Gray, Ives’ Rep. 15.
P. nudicaule. Anderson, Cat. Pl. Nev. 121, in part. Watson, King’s Rep. 5. 130.

P. nudicaule. Nutt.; Torr. & Gray, Fl. I. 627. Walp. Rep. 2.411. Engelm. Pl.
Upp. Miss. 193. Gray, Proc. Acad. Philad. 1865, 62. Torrey, Bot. Wilkes, 319.
Porter, Fl. Col. 52. Watson, Proc. Am. Acad. 11. 144.

Smyrnium nudicaule. Pursh, 196. :

Ferula nudicaulis. Nutt. Genera, 1. 183.

Pastinaca nudicaulis. Spreng. in Roem. & Schult. Syst. 6. 587; Syst. 1. 913.

Ferula Nuttalli. DC. Prodr. 4.174. Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am. 1. 268. Don, Mill. 3.
3827. Dietr. 2.965. Eat. & Wr. 246.

Leptotenia dissecta. Gray, Am. Journ. Sci. 2. 33. 408.
P. Nuttallii. Watson, King’s Rep. 5. 128; Proc. Am. Acad. 11.142. Brew. &
Wats. Bot. Calif. 1. 268.

P. latifolium. Nutt.1l.c. Walp. 1.c. Torrey, Bot. Wilkes, 317.

P. Ostrutuium, Koch. (Doubtful; Newfoundland, not recent.)
Imperatoria Ostruthium, Linn. DC. 1. ce. 183. Hook.1l.e. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 629.

P. Parryi. Watson, Proc. Am. Acad. 11. 148.
P. macrocarpum. Parry, Am. Naturalist, 9. 271.

P. parvifolium. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1.628. Walp. Rep. 2.412. Torrey, Mex.
Bound. 70. Boland. Cat. 14. Watson, |. c. 142. Brew. & Wats. Bot. Calif. 1. 269.
Ferula parvifolia. Hook. & Arn. Bot. Beechey, 348.
P. sativum, Benth. & Hook. Watson, King’s Rep. 5. 128; Pl. Wheeler, 9.
* Pastinaca sativa, Linn. Pursh, 196. Bigelow, Fl. Bost. 2 ed. 113. Beck, Bot.
148. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 632. Gray, Manual, 192.
P. simplex. Nutt.; Watson, King’s Rep. 5.129; Proc. Am. Acad. 11. 142. Coul-
ter, Hayd. Rep. 1872, 768. Brew. & Wats. Bot. Calif. 1. 269.
P. triternatum. Torrey, Sitgr. Rep. 160.
P. triternatum, var. platycarpum. Torrey, Stansb. Rep. 389. Durand, Fl.
Utah, 165.
P. triternatum. Nutt.; Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1.626; not Eckl. & Zeyh. Hook.
Lond. Journ. Bot. 6. 235. Newberry, Pac. R. Rep. 6. 75. Anderson, Cat. Pl. Nev.
121. Torrey, Bot. Wilkes, 318. Watson, Proc. Am. Acad. 11. 142. Brew. & Wats,
Bot. Calif. 1. 268.

430 UMBELLIFERZ. [Peucedanum. Phellopterus.

Seseli triternatum. Pursh, 197. Spreng. in Roem. & Schult. Syst. 6. 405; Syst.
1. 886. DC. Prodr. 4. 146. Hook. Fl. Bor-Am. 1. 264, t. 94. Don, Mill. 3. 309.
Hook. & Arn. Bot. Beechey, 348. Dietr. 2. 956. Eat. & Wr. 423.

Eulophus triternatus. Nutt. in Journ. Acad. Philad. 7.27. Eat. & Wr. 240.

P. Nuttallii. Walp. Rep. 2. 411.

Var. leptocarpum. Torr. & Gray, 1l.c. Hook. 1. c¢. 6. 285. Torrey, 1. c. 318.

P. Nuttallii, var. leptocarpum. Walp. 1. ¢.
P. utriculatum. Nutt.; Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1.628. Walp. Rep. 2.412. Benth.
Pl. Hartw. 312. Durand, Pl. Pratten. 89. Torrey, Pac. R. Rep. 4. 92 & 7. 12; Bot.
Wilkes, 319. Newberry, Pac. R. Rep. 6.75. Gray, Proc. Bost. Soc. 7. 146; Proe.
Am. Acad. 8. 385. Boland. Cat. 13. Watson, l.c. 143. Brew. & Wats. 1. ec. 269.
P. villosum. Nutt.; Watson, King’s Rep. 5. 131; Proc. Am. Acad. 11. 144.
Brew. & Wats. 1. c. 270.

P. feeniculaceum, var. y. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 627.

P. abrotanifolium ; ambiguum. P. Nuttallii; triternatum.

ambiguum ; Geyeri. officinale ; Archemora ternata.
feniculaceum ; dasycarpum, macro- tenwissimum ; ambiguum.

carpum, millefolium, villosum. teretifolium ; Tiedemannia teretifolia.
levigatum ; ambiguum. ternatum ; Archemora ternata.
latifolium ; Nuttallii. . tomentosum ; dasycarpum.
macrocarpum ; Parryi. triternatum ; leiocarpum, simplex, Ca-
marginatum ; caruifolium. rum Gairdneri.

Newberryi ; Ferula Newberryi.
nudicaule; Hallii, macrocarpum,
Nevadense.

?; Euryptera graveolens.

PIMPINELLA apiodora. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 7.545. Boland. Cat. 13.
Watson, King’s Rep. 5.121. Brew. & Wats. Bot. Calif. 1. 260.

Var. nudicaulis. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 8. 385.

P. integerrima. Benth. & Hook. Gen. Pl. 1. 894. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 7. 345.

Smyrnium integerrimum. inn. Spec. 263. Hill, Veg. Syst. 6. 60, t. 58, f. 3.
Crantz, Umbel. 74. Desrous. in Lam. Dict. 5. 667. Willd. Spee. 1. 1468. Michx.
Fl. 1.171. Persoon, 1. 322. Ait. f. Hort. Kew. 2.158. Pursh, 196. Nutt. Genera,
1.195. Elliott, 1. 860. Barton, Comp. Fl. Phil. 1. 146.

? Angelica integrifolia. Walter, 115. Gmelin, Syst. 1. 482. Spreng. in Roem.
& Schult. Syst. 6. 608. DC. Prodr. 4. 169. Don, Mill. 3. 323.

Sison integerrimus. Spreng. 1. c. 6. 410; Syst. 1.886. Torrey, Fl. U.S. 305. *

Zizia integerrima. DC. Rapp. Pl. Rar. Jard. Gen. 8.7; Prodr. 4.100. Don,
Mill. 3. 276. Beck, Bot. 148. Darling. Fl. Cestr. 187. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 614.
Dietr. 2.940. Eat. & Wr. 485. Torrey, Fl. N. Y.1.271. Parry, Pl. Minn. 613.
Chapman, 163. Gray, Manual, 195.

P. integrifolia. Wood, Bot. & Fl. 159.
PHELLOPTERUS littoralis. Schmidt, Fl. Sachel. in Mem. Acad. Petrop. 7.
12. 138.

% Cymopterus (2) littoralis. Gray, Mem. Am. Acad. 6.391; Pac. R. Rep. 12. 62.
Benth. & Hook. Gen. Pl. 1. 905.

Glehnia littoralis. Schmidt in Miquel, Prol. Fl. Jap. 249.

Podosciadium. Sanicula.] UMBELLIFER2. 431

PODOSCIADIUM Bolanderi. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 7. 346. Brew. & Wats.
Bot. Calif. 1. 265.
P. Californicum. Gray, 1.c. 345. Brew. & Wats. 1. c.

Cherophyllum (2) Californicum. Torrey, Pac. R. Rep. 4. 93.
POLYTZ5NIA Nuttallii, DC. Mem. Umbel. 53, t.13; Prodr. 4.196. Don,
Mill. 3. 844. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 6383; Pac. R. Rep. 2. 165. Hat. & Wr 370)
Torrey, Nicol. Rep. 150; Frem. Rep. 90; Marcy’s Rep. 287. Parry, Pl. Minn.
613. Darby, Bot. 336. Gray, Manual, 191; Hall’s Pl. Texas, 11. Young, FI.
Texas, 301.

2 Ferula Drummondii. Hook. & Arn. Comp. Bot. Mag. 1. 47.

Pachiloma Nuttallii & verticillata. Raf. New Flora, 4. 33.

% Phaiosperma trifida & pulveruenta. Raf. 1. ¢. 32.

Zozimia Nuttallii. Dietr. 2. 973.

SANICULA arctopoides. Hook. & Arn. Bot. Beechey, 141 & 347. Hook: FI.
Bor.-Am. 1. 258, t.91. Don, Mill. 8. 265. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 603. Eat. & Wr.
411. Walp. Rep. 2. 388. Benth. Pl. Hartw.312. Torrey, Pac. R. Rep. 4. 91;
Mex. Bound. 70. Boland. Cat. 13. Brew. & Wats. Bot. Calif. 1. 256.

S. bipinnata. Hook. & Arn. 1. c. 347. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 603. Walp. Rep. 2.
388. Benth. Pl. Hartw. 312. Torrey, Pac. R. Rep. 4. 91; Bot. Wilkes, 314 (as S.
pinnatifida). Cooper, Pac. R. Rep. 12. 62. Brew. & Wats. Bot. Calif. 1. 257.

S. bipinnatifida. Dougl.; Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am. 1. 258, t. 92. Don, Mill. 3. 265.
Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 605. Eat. & Wr. 411. Walp. Rep. 2. 388. Benth. Pl. Hartw.
312. Durand, Pl. Pratten. 89. Torrey, Pac. R. Rep. 4. 91 & 7.12; Mex. Bound,
70; Bot. Wilkes, 314. Newberry, Pac. R. Rep. 6.75. Cooper, same, 12. 62.
Boland. Cat. 13. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 8. 385. Brew. & Wats. 1. c. 256.

S. Canadensis. Linn. Spec. 235. Hill, Veg. Syst. 6. 8, t.6,f.2. Willd. Spee.
1.1866. Poir. Dict. 6.500. Persoon, 1. 3038. Ait. f. Hort. Kew. 2.119. Pursh,
191. Spreng. Spee. Umbel. 15; Roem. & Schult. Syst. 6.559; Syst. 1.874. Muhl.
Cat. 30. Cham. & Schlecht. in Linnea, 1. 555 & 8.531. DC. Prodr. 4. 84. Dietr.
2.934. Eat. & Wr.411. Torrey, Fl. N. Y. 1. 265,t.32. Gray, Pl. Lindh. 209;
Manual, 190. Darling. Fl. Cestr. 2 ed. 99. Parry, Pl. Minn. 613. Engelm. PI.
Upp. Miss. 193. Chapman, 159.

Caucalis Canadensis. Crantz, Umbel. 110.

Triclinium odoratum. Raf. Fl. Lud. 79.

S. Marylandica, var. Canadensis. Torrey, Fl. U. 8. 302. Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am. 1.
257. Beck, Bot. 141.

S. (%) Triclintum. DC. Prodr. 4.85. Don, Mill. 3. 264. Dietr. 2.935. Eat. &
Wr. 411.

S. Marylandica. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 602, in part.

S. laciniata. Hook. & Arn. Bot. Beechey, 347. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1.602. Walp.
Rep. 2. 388. Benth. Pl. Hartw. 312. Torrey, Pac. R. Rep. 4.91; Mex. Bound.
70. Newberry, Pac. R. Rep. 6.75. Boland. Cat. 13. Brew. & Wats. 1. c. 256.

S. nudicaulis. Hook. & Arn. Bot. Beechey, 347. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 602.
Walp. Rep. 2. 588. Boland. Cat. 13. '
S. maritima. Kellogg, ined.

S. Marylandica. Linn. Spec. 285. Hill, Veg. Syst. 6.8, t.6,£ 3. Jacquin,
Collect. Bot. 2.293; Icon. Rar. t. 348. Walter, 113. Ait. Hort. Kew. 1. 528.
Lam. Ill. 2. 334, t. 191, f. 2. Willd. Spee. 1. 1867; Enum. 299. Michx. Fl. 1. 162.
Poir. Dict. 6. 501. Persoon, 1. 304. Hoffm. Umbel. 1. 69. Pursh, 191. Bigel. FI.
Bost. 67. Spreng. Spec. Umbel. 16; Roem. & Schult. Syst. 6.340; Syst. 1. 874.

432 UMBELLIFER &. [Sanicula. Sison.

Elliott, 1.348. Torrey, Fl. U. S. 302, excl. var.; Fl. N. Y. 1. 264, t. 31; Bot.
Wilkes, 314. Cham. & Schlecht. in Linnewa, 1. 353. DC. Prodr. 4. 84. Hook. Fl.
Bor.-Am. 1. 257, excl. syn.; Comp. Bot. Mag. 1. 47. Don, Mill. 8. 264. Beck, Bot.
141. Fisch. & Meyer, Ind. Sem. Petrop. 3. 17 (Litt.-Ber. zu Linnea, 1838, 106).
Darling. Fl. Cestr. 184. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 602, in part. Dietr. 2. 934. Eat. &
Wr. 411. Gray, Pl. Fendl. 55; Pac. R. Rep. 12. 43; Manual, 190. Parry, Pl. Minn.
613. Engelm. Pl. Minn. 193. Chapman, 159. Pl. Bourgeau, 257. Porter, Fl.
Col. 53.

Caucalis Marylandica. Crantz, Umbel. 110.
S. Menziesii. Hook. & Arn. Bot. Beechey, 142 & 347. Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am. 1.
258, t. 90. Don, Mill. 3. 264. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 602. Eat. & Wr. 411. Walp.
Rep. 2. 387. Benth. Pl. Hartw. 312. Torrey, Pac. R. Rep. 4. 91; Mex. Bound.
70; Bot. Wilkes, 314. Cooper, Pac. R. Rep. 12. 62. Boland. Cat. 13. Gray, Proc.
Am. Acad. 8. 385. Watson, same, 11.115. Brew. & Wats. Bot. Calif. 1. 256.
S. Nevadensis. Watson, Proc. Am. Acad. 11. 139. Brew. & Wats. 1. ¢.

a8. ? Anderson, Cat. Pl. Nev. 121.
S. tuberosa. Torrey, Pac. R. Rep. 4.91. Boland.1.c. Brew. & Wats. 1. ¢. 257.

SELINUM Benthami. [Watson, Proc. Am. Acad. 11. 140, innom.] The fol-
lowing citations refer in part to this species, in part to a second undescribed one.
See Benth. & Hook. Gen. Pl. 1. 915.

Ligusticum Gmelini. Cham. & Schlecht. in Linnea, 1. 391, excl. syn.

Conioselinum Fischeri. Bongard, Veg. Sitch. 142; not Wimm. Hook. & Arn.
Bot. Beechey, 124. Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am. 1. 266. Don, Mill. 3. 321, in part. Torr.
& Gray, Fl. 1.619. Ledeb. FI. Ross. 2. 290, in part. Seem. Bot. Herald, 32 & 52.
Hook. f. Arct. Pl. 292 & 330. Rothr. Fl. Alaska, 447.

Laserpitium hirsutum. Hook. & Arn. Bot. Beechey, 125. Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am. 1.
270. Don, Mill. 8. 351, in part. Torr. & Gray, FI. 1. 635.

S. Canadense. Michx. Fl. 1.165. Persoon, 1. 309. Poir. Dict. 7. 66. Pursh,
192. Elliott, 1. 351. Benth. & Hook. Gen. Pl. 1. 915. Wood, Bot. & FI. 140.

2 Athaumanta Chinensis. T.inn. Spec. 245.

Apium bipinnatum. Walter, 115.

Cnidium Canadense. Spreng. in Roera. & Schult. Syst. 6. 415, excl. syn. in part;
Syst. 1. 888. Torrey, Fl. U.S. 306. DC. Prodr. 4.153. Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am. 1.
264. Don, Mill. 3. 314." Beck, Bot. 145. Dietr. 2. 958. Eat. & Wr. 202.

Conioselinum (?) Canadense. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1.619; Pac. R. Rep. 2. 127.
Walp. Rep. 2. 405. Torrey, Fl. N. Y. 1. 275, t. 35. Chapman, 164. Matthew, FI.
Acad. 20. Gray, Manual, 195.

S. capitellatum. Benth. & Hook. Gen. Pl. 1.915. Watson, King’s Rep. 5. 126.
Brew. & Wats. Bot. Calif. 1. 265.

Sphenosciadium capitellatum. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad, 6. 536. Anderson, Cat. Pl.
Nev. 121.

S. Kingii. Watson, King’s Rep. 5. 126. Brew. & Wats. Bot. Calif. 1. 266.

S. Pacificum. Watson, Proc. Am. Acad. 11. 140. Brew. & Wats. I. c.

SISON Ammi; Apium leptophyllum. S. integerrimus ; Pimpinella integerrima.

aureus ; Thaspium aureum. majus ; Ammi majus.

bulbosus ; Erigenia bulbosa. marginatum ; Archemora rigida.
Canadense ; Cryptotenia Canadensis. pusillum ; Apium divaricatum.
capillaceus ; Discopleura capillacea. rubricaule ; Discopleura capillacea.

divaricatus ; Apium divaricatum. trifoliatum ; Thaspium aureum.

Sium. Thaspium.] UMBELLIFERZ. 433

SIUM Carsoni. Durand; Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 7. 345; Manual, 196. Brew.
& Wats. Bot. Calif. 1. 261.

Helosciadium nodiflorum? Gray, Manual, 4 ed. Addenda.

Apium Carsonii. Benth. & Hook. Gen. Pl. 1. 888. Wood, Bot. & Fl. 140.

S. cicutzefolium. Gmelin, Syst. 2.482. See syn. in DC. Prodr. 4. 110 (as Falca-
ria Dahurica) ; Ledeb. Fl. Ross. 2. 260; Benth. & Hook. Gen. Pl. 1. 888, as Apium.
— Brew. & Wats. Bot. Calif. 1. 261.

2S. suave. Walter, 115. Poir. Suppl. 1. 622.

S. lineare. Michx. Fl.1.167. Persoon, 1.816. Poir. Suppl. 1.621. Pursh, 194.
Nutt. Genera, 1. 186. Spreng. in Roem. & Schult. Syst. 6. 588; Syst. 1. 906. Tor-
rey, Fl. U.S. 311; FI. N. Y. 1. 268; Nicol. Rep. 160; Bot. Wilkes, 316. DC. Prodr.
4.125. Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am. 1. 262; Comp. Bot. Mag. 1.47. Don, Mill. 3. 295.
Beck, Bot. 144. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1.611. Dietr. 2.948. Eat. & Wr. 430. Bigel.
Fl. Bost. 3 ed. 119. Engelm. Pl. Upp. Miss. 193. Rich. Arct. Exped. 65. Dur. &
Hilg. Pac. R. Rep. 5.8. Pl. Bourgeau, 257. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 7. 345 &
8. 386; Manual, 196. Watson, King’s Rep. 5.121. Coulter, Hayd. Rep. 1872, 767.
Porter, Fl. Col. 49. Rothr. Pl. Wheeler, 40.

S. tenuifolium. Muhl. Cat. 30.

S. latifolium. Bigel. Fl. Bost. 69; not Linn. Muhl. Cat. 30. Nutt. Genera,
1.186. James, Long’s Exped. 2. 343. Torrey, Fl. U. 8. 311; Ann. Lyc. N. Y. 2.
207; FI. N. Y. 1. 268; Emory’s Rep. 408. Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am. 1. 262; Comp. Bot.
Mag.1.47. Beck, Bot. 144. Darling. Fl. Cestr. 190. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 611.
Eat. & Wr. 480. Hook. f. Arct. Pl. 830. Anderson, Cat. Pl. Ney. 121. Boland.
Cat. 13.

2S. rugosum. Raf. Med. Bot. 2. 264.

Siumis heterophylla. Raf. New Flora, 4. 31.

Apium lineare. Benth. & Hook. Gen. Pl. 1. 888 & 895. Wood, Bot. & FI. 140.

S. angustifolium ; Berula angustifolia. S. longifolium & marginatum ; Archemora
bulbosum ; Erigenia bulbosa. rigida.
Canadense ; Cryptotenia Canaden- nodiflorum ; Apium nodiflorum.
sis. pusillum ; Berula angustifolia.
denticulatum ; Archemora rigida. rigidius ; Archemora rigida.
Douglasi ; Cicuta maculata. rugosum, suave & tenuifolium ; cicute-
incisum ; Berula angustifolia. folium.
latifolium ; cicutefolium, Berula an-, teretifolium ; 'Tiedemannia teretifolia.
eustifolia. tricuspidatum ; Archemora rigida.

lineare ; cicutefolium. trifoliatum ; Thaspium aureum.

THASPIUM aureum. Nutt. Genera, 1.196. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 616. Walp.
Rep. 2.404. Torrey, Fl. N. Y. 1.273. Darling. Fl. Cestr. 2.ed. 102. Parry, PI.
Minn. 613. Engelm. Pl. Upp. Miss. 193. Chapman, 163. Gray, Manual, 199;
Hall’s Pl. Texas, 11.

Smyrnium aureum. Winn. Spee. 262. Hill, Veg. Syst. 6. 60, t. 58, £2. Crantz,
Umbel. 74. Walter, 114. Ait. Hort. Kew. 1. 862. Desrous. in Lam. Dict. 3. 667.
Willd. Spee. 1. 1468; Enum.321. Michx. Fl. 1.171. Persoon, 1.322. Pursh, 196.
Elliott, 1. 359. Bigel. Fl. Bost. 2 ed. 113.

Smyrnium luteum. Muh. Ind. Fl. Lancast. 166.

Sison trifoliatum. Michx. Fl. 1. 168. Persoon, . 817.. Hornem. Hort. Hafn. 2.
960. Willd. Enum. 314. Pursh, 194. Elliott, 1. 356.

28

ae

&

A434 UMBELLIFERZ. [Thaspium.

Sium trifoliatum. Poir. Suppl. 1. 622.

Smyrnium acuminatum. Smith, Rees Cycl.

Sison aureus. Spreng. in Roem. & Schult. Syst. 6. 410; Syst. 1.886. Torrey,
Fl. U. S. 305.

Zizia aurea. Koch, Umbel. 129. DC. Prodr. 4.100. Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am. 1. 260;
Comp. Bot. Mag. 1. 47. Don, Mill. 5.276. Beck, Bot. 143. Darling. FI. Cestr.
185. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1.614. Dietr. 2.940. Eat. & Wr. 485. Torrey, Fl. N. Y.
1.271; Nicol. Rep. 150. Gray, Manual, 1 ed. 162. Parry, Pl. Minn. 613. PI.
Bourgeau, 257.

Var. apterum. Gray, Manual, 195.
Carum aureum. Benth. & Hook. Gen. Pl. 1. 891. Wood, Bot. & FI. 138.

T. barbinode. Nutt. Genera, 1.196. DC. Prodr. 4.154. Don, Mill’ 3. 315.
Beck, Bot. 146. Darling. Fl. Cestr. 192. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1.616. Dietr. 2. 958.
Eat. & Wr. 450. Walp. Rep. 2.404. Torrey, Fl. N. Y. 1. 2738; Nicol. Rep. 150.
Parry, Pl. Minn. 613. Engelm. Pl. Upp. Miss. 193. Chapman, 165. ‘Trevir. Bot.
Zeit. 19.10. Gray, Manual, 194. Macoun & Gibson, Trans. Bot. Soc. Edinb.
12. 329.

Ligusticum barbinode. Michx. Fl. 1. 167. Persoon, 1. 815. oir. Suppl. 3. 482.
Pursh, 193. Elliott, 1. 352.

Smyrnium barbinode. Muhl. Cat. 31. Barton, Prodr. Fl. Phil. 58.

Thapsia trifoliata. Spreng. Spec. Umbel. 80; Roem. & Schult. Syst. 6. 615;
Syst. 1.917. Torrey, Fl. U.S. 317.
T. pinnatifidum. Gray, Manual, 194.. Chapman, 165.

Zizia pinnatifida. Buckley, Am. Journ. Sci. 1. 45. 175.

FT. Walteri. Shuttlw.; Benth. & Hook. Gen. Pl. 1. 918. Wood, Bot. &
Fl. 139.

T. trifoliatum. Gray, Manual, 195. Chapman, 163. Watson, King’s Rep. 5. 125.
Porter, Hayd. Rep. 1871, 484; Fl. Col. 52. Coulter, Hayd. Rep. 1872, 768. othr.
Pl. Wheeler, 40.

Smyrnium cordatum. Walter, 114. Michx. Fl. 1.170. Persoon, 1. 522. Poir.
Suppl. 3.568. Pursh, 196. Elliott, 1. 359. Spreng. Spec. Umbel. 28; Roem. &
Schult. Syst. 6. 438; Syst. 1.891. Torrey, Fl. U.S. 307.

Smyrnium rotundifolium. Spreng. Pl. Min. Cog. 2. 54.

Smyrnium trifoliatum. Muhl. Cat. 31. Nutt. Genera, 1.195, Barton, Comp. FI.
Phil. 1. 146. Rich. Frankl. Journ. Appx. 6.

Thaspium cordatum. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 615; Pac. R. Rep. 2.127. Walp. Rep.
2. 403. Durand, Fl. Utah, 165. Pl. Bourgeau, 257.

Carum cordatum. Benth. & Hook. Gen, Pl. 1. 891 & 913. Wood, Bot. &
Fl. 138.

Var. atropurpureum. Gray, Manual, 195.

Thapsia trifoliata. Linn. Spec. 262. Hill, Veg. Syst. 6. 57, t. 55, £4. Willd.
Spee. 1. 1465. Poir. Dict. 7. 612. Persoon, 1. 322. Ait. f. Hort. Kew. 2. 156.

Smyrnium atropurpureum. Desrous. in Lam. Dict. 3. 667. Persoon, 1. 522. .
Pursh, 196. Elliott, 1. 360.

T.. atropurpureum. Nutt. Genera, 1.196. Barton, Comp. Fl. Philad. 1. 146.
DC. Prodr. 4. 154. Don, Mill. 3. 315. Beck, Bot. 146. Dietr. 2.958. Eat.& Wr. ©
450. Torrey, Fl. N. Y. 1. 272, t. 34. Gray, Manual, 1 ed. 161. .

Cnidium atropurpureum. Spreng. in Roem. & Schult. Syst. 6. 418; Syst. 1. 888.
Torrey, Fl. U.S. 307. Eat. & Wr. 203. |

Upopion pinnatum, ete. Raf. New Flora, 4. 30. |

L. cordatum, var. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 615.

<

Thaspium. Aralia.| ARALIACEZ. 435

Var. apterum. Gray, Manual, 195. Torrey, Bot. Wilkes, 320.

Zizia cordata. Koch, Umbel. 129. DC. Prodr. 4.100. Hook. & Arn. Bot.
Beechey, 347-_ Hook. FI. Bor.-Am. 1. 260; Comp. Bot. Mag. 1.47. Don, Mill. 3.
276. Beck, Bot. 143. Darling. Fl. Cestr. 186. Dietr.2.940. Eat. & Wr. 485.
Torrey, Fl. N. Y. 1. 270, t. 33. Gray, Manual, 1 ed. 161.

Zizia parvifolia. Raf. New Flora, 4. 31.

TIEDEMANNIA teretifolia. DC. Mem. Umbel. 51, t.12; Prodr. 4. 187. Don,
Mill. 3. 338, f£. 64. Hook. Comp. Bot. Mag. 1. 47. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 630. Chap-
man, 165. Gray, Manual, 192. Watson, Proc. Am. Acad. 11. 145.

(Enanthe filiformis. Walter, 115. Gmelin, Syst.1.485. Nutt. Genera, Addenda
2. Spreng. in Roem. & Schult. Syst. 6. 427, in part. Eat. & Wr. 330.

Gnanthe Carolinensis. Persoon, 1. 318. Pursh, 194. Spreng. Syst. 1. 888.
Dietr. 2. 954.

(nanthe teretifolia. Muhl. Cat. 31.

Sium teretifolium. Elliott, 1. 554.

Oxypolis Caroliniana. Raf.; Seringe, Bull. Bot. Soc. Genev. 1830, 214 (Litt.-Ber.
zu Linnea, 1835, 182).

Peucedanum teretifolium. Benth. & Hook. Gen. Pl. 1.920. Wood, Bot. & Fl. 136.
TREPOCARPUS 4ithuse. Nutt.; DC. Mem. Umbel. 56, t. 14; Prodr. 4.201.
Don, Mill. 8. 849. Hook. Comp. Bot. Mag. 1. 47. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 634. Dietr.
2.975. Hat. & Wr. 453. Darby, Bot. 337. Gray, Hall’s Pl. Texas, rr.

T. brachycarpus. DC. Prodr. 4. 202. Don, Mill. 3. 349. Dietr. 2.975. Eat. &

. Wr. 453.

Entasikon tenuifolium. Raf. New Flora, 4. 29.

ARALIACE.

ARALIA Californica. Watson, Proc. Am. Acad. 11. 144. Brew. & Wats. Bot.
Calif. 1. 273.

A. racemosa. Torrey, Pac. R. Rep. 4. 94. Anderson, Cat. Pl. Nev. 121. Boland.
Cat. 14.

A. racemosa, var. occidentalis. Torrey, Bot. Wilkes, 325.

A. hispida. Ventenat, Hort. Cels, t. 41. Michx. Fl. 1.185. Persoon, 1. 332.
Sims, Bot. Mag. t.1085. Poir. Suppl. 1. 417. Ait. f. Hort. Kew. 2. 179. Pursh,
209. Bigel. Fl. Bost. 122. Roem. & Schult. Syst. 6.703. Spreng. Syst. 1. 952.
Torrey, Fl. U. S. 828; Fl. N. Y. 1.285. Lodd. Bot. Cab. t. 1306. DC. Prodr. 4.
258. Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am. 1. 274. Don, Mill. 3. 389. Beck, Bot. 151. Darling. FI.
Cestr. 597. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1.647. Dietr. 2.1035. Eat. & Wr.131. Rich. Arct.
Exped. 429. . Schnitzl. Icon. t. 163, f. 1. Tuckerman, Josselyn’s Rarities, 92.
Chapman, 166. Pl. Bourgeau, 257. Miquel, Ann. Mus. Lugd.-Bat. 1.9. Seem.
Journ. Bot. 6. 135. Gray, Manual, 199.
A. Muhlenbergiana. Roem. & Schult. Syst. 6. 704.

A. humilis. Cav. Icon. 4. 7, t. 313. DC. Prodr. 4. 258. Gray, Pl. Wright. 2. 65.
Benth. & Hook. Gen. Pl. 1. 936. Seem. Journ. Bot. 6.135. Brew. & Wats. Bot.
Calif. 1. 273.

t A. pubescens. DC. Cat. Hort. Monsp. 1813, 80; Prodr. 4. 258. Seem. 1. e.
A. nudicaulis. Linn. Spec. 274. Crantz, Umbel. 124. Hill, Veg. Syst. 16, t. 9,
f. 2. Lam. Dict. 1.224. Ait. Hort. Kew. 1.382. Willd. Spec. 1. 1521; Enum.
333. Michx. Fl. 1. 185. Persoon, 1. 332. Pursh, 209. Bigel. Fl. Bost. 122.

43 ARALIACER. [Aralia.

Roem. & Schult. Syst. 6.705. Elliott, 1.575. James, Long’s Exped. 2.195. Rich.
Frankl. Journ. Appx. 7. Torrey, Fl. U. 8. 827; Amn. Lye. N. Y. 2. 208; Fl. N. Y.
1. 285, t. 40; Nicol. Rep. 150. Spreng. Syst. 1.951. Raf. Med. Bot. 1. 53, f. 8.
DC. Prodr. 4. 257. Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am. 1.274. Don, Mill. 3.3888. Beck, Bot.
151. Darling. Fl. Cestr. 209. Lindl. Fl. Med. 59. Spach, Hist. Veg. 8.123. Torr.
& Gray, Fl. 1.646. Dietr. 2.1034. Eat. & Wr. 131. Nees, Pl. Neuwied, 10. Parry,

Pl. Minn. 613. Engelm. Pl. Upp. Miss. 193. Tuckerman, 1. ec. 92. Gray, Struct.’

Bot. 427, f. 856-858; Pac. R. Rep. 12. 44; Manual, 199. Chapman, 166. Pl.
Bourgeau, 257. Seem. Journ. Bot. 6. 154. Brandegee, Fl. S. W. Col. 237.

A. quinquefolia. Decsne. & Planch. in Rev. Hortic. 1854, 104. Benth. & Hook.
Gen. Pl. 1. 936. Gray, Manual, 199. Matthew, Fl. Acad. 20.

Panax quinquefolium. Linn. Spee. 1058. Hill, Veg. Syst. 5.25, t.12,f.1. Crantz,
Umbel. 122. Lam. Dict. 2.713. Walter, 253. Ait. Hort. Kew. 3. 448. Willd.
Spec. 4. 1124. Michx. Fl. 2. 256. Michx. f. Trav. 208. Persoon, 1. 298. Sims, Bot.
Mag. t.1333. Pursh, 191. Barton, Veg. Mat. Med. t. 45. Turpin, Dict. Sci. Nat.
18. 546, t. 113. Roem. & Schult. Syst.6.211. Bigel. Med. Bot. 3. 82, t. 29; Fl.
Bost. 2 ed. 375. Torrey, Fl. U. S. 292; Fl. N. Y. 1.286. Spreng. Syst. 1. 867.
Raf. Med. Bot. 2. 52, f. 71. Nees, Pl. Med. Suppl. t. 111. DC. Prodr. 4. 252.
Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am. 1. 275. Woodville, Med. Bot. 1. 149, t. 58. Don, Mill. 3. 384.
Beck, Bot. 152. Darling. Fl. Cestr. 181. Lindl. Fl. Med. 59. Spach, Hist. Veg.
8. 114, t. 39. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 647. Eat. & Wr. 339. C. A. Meyer, Bot. Zeit.
1. 685. Walp. Rep. 5. 925. Gray, Manual, 1 ed. 167. Chapman, 167. Lesqx. Fl.
Ark. 364. Regel, Gartenfl. 1862, 314, t.375. Seem. Journ. Bot. 2. 820 & 6. 54.
Miquel, 1. ec. 14.

Panax Americanum. Raf. New Flora, 4. 58.

Ginseng quinquefolium. Wood, Bot. & Fl. 142.

A. racemosa. Linn. Spec. 273. Crantz, Umbel. 124. Hill, Veg. Syst. 16, t. 9,
f.1. Lam. Dict. 1.224. Ait. Hort. Kew. 1.382. Willd. Spec. 1. 1521; Enum. 332.
Michx. Fl. 1.185. Persoon, 1. 832. Schkuhr, Handb. 1. 250, t. 86. Pursh, 209.
Bigel. Fl. Bost. 122. Roem. & Schult. Syst. 6. 702. Elliott, 1. 373. James, Long’s
Exped. 2.195. Lorrey, Fl. U. S. 327; Ann. Lye. N. Y. 2.208; Fl. N. ¥o 1 284
Spreng. Syst. 1.951. DC. Prodr. 4. 258. Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am. 1. 274; Comp. Bot.
Mag. 1. 48. Don, Mill. 3.388. Beck, Bot. 151. Darling. Fl. Cestr. 209. Spach,
Hist. Veg. 8.122. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 646. Dietr. 2.1034. Eat. & Wr. 131. Par-
ry, Pl. Minn. 613. Chapman, 166. Seem. Journ. Bot. 6. 135. Gray, Manual, 199.

A. spinosa. Linn. Spec. 275. Crantz, Umbel. 123. Lam. Dict. 1. 223. Marsh.
Arbust. 11. Walter, 117. Ait. Hort. Kew. 1. 382. Willd. Spec. 1. 1520; Enum.
392. Michx. Fl. 1. 186. Persoon, 1. 332. Pursh, 209. Roem. & Schult. Syst. 6.
701. Elliott, 1.372. James, Long’s Exped. 3. 154. Torrey, Fl. U. 8S. 328; Ann.
Lyc. N. Y. 2. 208. Spreng. Syst. 1.951. DC. Prodr. 4. 259. Don, Mill. 3. 389.
Beck, Bot. 151. Spach, Hist. Veg. 8.120. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1.647. Dietr. 2. 1035.
Eat. & Wr. 151. Loud. Arb. 2. 999, f. 754. Curtis, Bot. N. Car. 91. Chapman,
166. Pl. Bourgeau, 257. Seem. Journ. Bot. 6.135. Gray, Manual, 199; Hall’s
Pe) exaseante

% Cherophyllum arborescens. Linn. Spee. 259. Hill, Veg. Syst. 6. 55, t. 53, f. 3.
Crantz, Umbel. 79. Lam. Dict. 1. 684. Willd. Spee. 1. 1457. Persoon, 1. 321.
Don, Mill. 3. 867. Dietr. 2. 983.
A. trifolia. Decsne. & Planch. 1.c. Benth. & Hook. 1.c. Gray, Manual, 199.

Panaz trifolium. Linn. Spee. 1058. Hill, Veg. Syst. 5. 25, t.12;f. 2. Crantz,
Umbel. 122. Lam. Dict. 2. 714. Walter, 253. Willd. Spec. 4. 1124. Michx. Fl.
2.257. Persoon, 1. 298. Ait. f. Hort. Kew. 5. 482. Pursh,191. Roem. & Schult.

Aralia. Cornus.] CORNACEA. 437

Syst. 6.212. Lodd. Bot. Cab. t. 405. Barton, Comp. Fl. Phil. 1.136. Elliott,
2. 692. Bigel. Fl. Bost. 2 ed. 876. Torrey, Fl. U. S. 291; Fl. N. Y. 1. 287. Spreng.
Syst. 1. 867. DC. Prodr. 4. 252. Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am. 1. 273. | Don, Mill. 8. 385.
Beck, Bot.152. Darling. Fl. Cestr. 182. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 648. Eat. & Wr. 599,
Gray, Manual, 1 ed. 167. Chapman, 167. Seem. Journ. Bot. 6. 54.

A. triphylla. Poir. Suppl. 1. 418.

Panax pusilla. Sims, Bot. Mag. t. 1334. Elliott, 2. 692.

Panax lanceolatum. Raf. New Flora, 4. 57.

Ginseng trifolium. Wood, Bot. & Fl. 142.

FATSIA horrida. Benth. & Hook. Gen. Pl. 1.939. Brew. & Wats. Bot. Calif.
1. 273.

Panax horridum. Smith, Rees Cye. DC. Prodr. 4. 252. Bongard, Veg. Sitch.
143. Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am. 1. 273, t. 98. Don, Mill. 3. 385, f. 68. Torr. & Gray,
Fl. 1. 648. Dietr. 2. 924. Eat. & Wr. 339. Ledeb. Fl. Ross. 2. 375. Rich. Arct.
Exped. 429. Rothr. Fl. Alask. 447.

Aralia erinacea. Wook. in Edinb. Phil. Journ. 1827, 64. DC. Prodr. 4. 259.
Don, Mill. 3. 389. Dietr. 2. 1085. Eat. & Wr. 151.

Echinopanax horridus. Decsne. & Planch. in Rey. Hortic. 1854, 105. | Cooper,
Pac. R. Rep. 12. 31 & 63. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 8. 387. Torrey, Bot. Wilkes, 325.

Oplopanax horridum. Miquel, Ann. Mus. Lugd.-Bat. 1.16. Hall, Coult. Bot.
Gazette, 2. 88.

Horsfieldia horrida. Seem. Journ. Bot. 5. 237.

HEDERA He rx, Linn. Brew. & Wats. Bot. Calif. 1. 273.

CORN ACE.

CORNUS alternifolia. Linn. f. Suppl. 125. Lam. Dict. 2.116. L’Her. Corn.
10, t. 6 (Roem. & Ust. Mag. Bot. 6.95). Ehrhart, Beitr. 5.19. Ait. Hort. Kew.
1..159. Schmidt, Céstr. Baumz. 2. 15, t.'70. Willd. Arb. 77; Spec. 1. 664;
Enum. 165. Michx. Fl. 1.93. Persoon, 1.144. Nouv. Duham. 2. 157, t. 45.
Pursh, 109. Roem. & Schult. Syst. 5. 825, & Mant. 251. Elliott, 1.210. Guimp.,
Otto & Hayne, Abbild. t. 43. Bigel. Fl. Bost. 2 ed. 58. Torrey, Fl. U. 8. 180;
Fl. N. Y. 1. 288. Spreng. Syst. 1.451. DC. Prodr. 4.271. Hook. Fl. Bor-Am. 1.
275. Don, Mill. 8. 598. Beck, Bot. 154. Darling. Fl. Cestr. 108. Tausch. in
Regensb. Flora, 21. 7382. Spach, Hist. Veg. 8.92. Dietr. 1.503. Torr. & Gray,
Fl. 1.649. Eat. & Wr. 210. Loud. Arb. 2. 1010, f. 760. C. A. Meyer, Corn. in
Mem. Acad. Petersb. 5. 6 & 13 (Ann. Sci. Nat. 3. 4.59). Walp. Rep. 5. 952. Emer-
son, Mass. Trees, 409 (2 ed. 2. 463, t.). Parry. Pl. Minn. 613. Curtis, Pl. N. Car.
61. Chapman, 167. Gray, Manual, 201.

C. alterna. Marsh. Arbust. 35.
C. asperifolia Michx. Fl. 1.93. Nouv. Duham. 2.156. Poir. Suppl. 2. 356.
Pursh, 108. Roem. & Schult. Syst. 3. 322. Elliott, 1.209. Spreng. Syst. 1. 451.
Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1.651. Eat. & Wr. 210. Parry, Pl. Minn. 613. Chapman, 167.
Gray, Manual, 200.

C. sericea, var. asperifolia. DC. Prodr. 4. 272. Don, Mill. 8. 399. Loud. Arb.
2. 1013.

C. excelsa, var. Beyrichiana. C. A. Meyer, Corn. 27 (Ann. Sci. Nat. 3. 4, 70).

C. Californica. C. A. Meyer, Corn. 30 (Ann. Sci. Nat. 3. 4.72). Walp. Rep. 5.
935. Benth. Pl. Hartw. 314. Brew. & Wats. Bot. Calif. 1. 275.

438 CORNACE. [Cornus.

C. circinatus? Cham. in Linnea, 3. 139.

C. alba. . Hook. & Arn. Bot. Beechey, 142.

C. pubescens. Torrey, Mex. Bound. 71. Boland. Cat. 14; Proce. Calif. Acad.
3. 80.
C. Canadensis. Linn. Spec. 117. Hill, Veg. Syst. 11, t.12, f.2. Lam. Dict. 2.
115. L’Her. Corn. 3, t.1. Ait. Hort. Kew. 1. 157. | Usteri, Del. 2,t.1. ‘Willd.
Spec. 1/661. Michx. Fl. 1.91. Nouv. Duham. 2. 151. Persoon, 1. 143. Curtis,
Bot. Mag. t. 880. Pursh, 107. Bigel. Fl. Bost.59. Schrank, Pfl. Lab. 9. Roem.
& Schult. Syst. 8.319. Elliott, 1.207. Lodd. Bot. Cab. t. 651. Torrey, Fl. U.S.
177; Fl. N. Y. 1. 291; Bot. Wilkes, 326. Spreng. Syst. 1. 450. Maund, Bot. Gard.
3, t.136. DC. Prodr. 4.274. Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am. 1. 277. C. A. Meyer, Pl. Lab.

66. Bongard, Veg. Sitch. 144. Don, Mill. 3.400. Beck, Bot. 153. Audubon, ,

Birds, t. 164. Spach, Hist. Veg. 8.105. Dietr. 1. 504. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 652.
Ledeb. Fl. Ross. 2. 378. Emerson, Mass. Trees, 415 (2 ed. 2. 469). Rich. Arct.
Exped. 429. Seem. Bot. Herald, 52. Tuckerman, Josselyn’s Rar. 109, f. New-
berry, Pac. R. Rep. 6.75. Cooper, same, 12. 63. Hook. f. Arct. Pl. 293. Gray,
Proc. Acad. Philad. 1863, 63. Rothr. Fl. Alask. 447. Pl. Bourgeau, 257. Gray,
Manual, 200. Boland. Cat.14. Coulter, Hayd. Rep. 1872, 768. Porter, Fl. Col. 53.
Brew. & Wats. Bot. Calif. 1. 274.

C’. herbacea, var. Canadensis. Pall. Fl. Ross. 1. 52.

C. Suecica. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 8. 387.
C. circinata. L’Her. Corn. 7, t. 3 (Roem. & Ust. Mag. Bot. 6. 88). Usteri, Del.
2, t. 2. Schmidt, Gstr. Baumz. 2.15, t. 69. Willd. Spec. 1. 663; Enum. 165.
Nouv. Duham. 2. 156. Persoon, 1. 148. Ait. f. Hort. Kew. 1. 262. Poir. Suppl. 2.
554, Pursh, 108. Bigel. Fl. Bost. 59. Roem. & Schult. Syst. 3. 321 & Mant. 250.
Guimp., Otto & Hayne, Abbild. t. 86. Torrey, Fl. U.S. 179; Ann. Lyc. N. Y.
2.208; Fl. N. Y. 1. 289; Frem. Rep. 90. Spreng. Syst. 1.451. Beck, Am. Journ.
Sci. 1. 10. 264. DC. Prodr. 4.272. Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am. 1. 276. Don, Mill. 3. 399.
Beck, Bot. 153. Spach, Hist. Veg. 8. 95. Dietr. 1. 504. Torr. & Gray, FI. 1. 650.
Eat. & Wr. 210. Loud. Arb. 2. 1014, f. 767. C.A. Meyer, Corn. 10 & 29 (Ann.
Sci. Nat. 8.4.71). Walp. Rep. 5.935. Emerson, Mass. Trees, 410 (2 ed. 2. 464,
t.). Rich. Arct. Exped. 429. Parry, Pl. Minn. 613. Pl. Bourgeau, 257. Gray,
Manual, 200.

C. rugosa. Lam. Dict. 2. 115.

C. tomentulosa. Michx. FI. 1. 91.
C. Drummondii. C. A. Meyer, Corn. 20 (Ann. Sci. Nat. 3. 4. 64). Walp. Rep.
5. 933.

C. alba. Hook. Comp. Bot. Mag. 1. 485.

C. stricta. Gray, Hall’s Pl. Texas, 11.
C. florida. Linn. Spec.117. Marsh. Arbust. 35. Lam. Dict.2.114. Wangenh.
Beitr. 1. 17, t. 41. Walter, 88. L’Her. Corn. 4. Ait. Hort. Kew.1.157. Schmidt,
(str. Baumz. 2.6, t. 52. Willd. Spec. 1. 661; Enum. 164. Curtis, Bot. Mag.
t. 526. Michx. Fl. 1.91. Persoon, 1.143. Nouv. Duham. 2.153. Michx. f.
Arb. Amer. 3. 138, t. 3 (Sylva, 2. 114, t. 48). Pursh, 108. Bigel. Fl. Bost. 57;
Med. Bot. 2. 69, t. 73. Barton, Veg. Mat. Med. 1, t. 3. Roem. & Schult. Syst.
3.319. Guimp., Otto & Hayne, Abbild. t.19. Elliott, 1. 207. Torrey, Fl. U. S.
178; Ann. Lye. N. Y. 2. 208; Fl. N. Y. 1. 290; Nicol. Rep. 151; Emory’s Rep. 408.
Spreng. Syst. 1.451. Beck, Am. Journ. Sci. 1. 10. 264; Bot. 155. Audubon, Birds,
t. 8, 73 & 122. Raf. Med. Bot. 1.131, f. 28. DC. Prodr. 4. 273. Hook. Fl.
Bor.-Am. 1. 277, in part; Comp. Bot. Mag. 1. 48. Don, Mill. 3. 400. Darling. FI.
Cestr. 106. Lindl. Fl. Med. 81. Dietr. 1. 504. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1.652. Eat. &

Cornus.] CORNACE. 439

Wr. 209. Loud. Arb. 2. 1017, f. 769. Emerson, Mass. Trees, 413 (2 ed. 2. 467, t.).
Rich. Arct. Exped. 429. Engelm. Pl. Upp. Miss. 194. Curtis, Bot. N. Car. 60.
Lesqx. Fl. Ark. 364. Chapman, 168. Blackie, Canad. Nat.6.1. L’Hortic. Fr.
1863, t. 14. Gray, Manual, 200; Hall’s Pl. Texas, 11. .
Benthamidia florida, Spach, Hist. Veg. 8. 107.

C. glabrata. Benth. PI. EEO estas Bot. Sulph. 18. Walp. Rep. 5. 953. C. A.
Meyer, Corn. 20 (Ann. Sci. Nat. 3. 4. 64). Brew. & Wats. Bot. Calif. 1. 275

C. Nuttallii Audubon, Birds, t. 467. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 652. Walp. Rep. 2
435. Benth. Pl. Hartw. 312. Nutt. Sylva, 3.51, t.97. Durand, Pl. Pratten. 89.
Torrey, Pac. R. Rep. 4. 94; Mex. Bound. 71; Bot. Wilkes, 826. Newberry, Pace.
R. Rep. 6.24 & 75. Cooper, same, 12.29 & 63. Boland. Cat. 14. Gray, Proc.
Am. Acad. 8. 387. Brew. & Wats. Bot. Calif. 1.274. Hall, Coult. Bot. Gazette,
2. 88.

C. florida. Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am. 1. 277, in part.
C., paniculata. L’Her. Corn. 9, t. 5 (Roem. & Ust. Mag. Bot..6. 91). Ait.
Hort. Kew. 1.159. Schmidt, CGistr. Baumz. 2.15, t. 68. Willd. Spec. 1. 664;
Enum. 165. Persoon, 1. 144. Nouv. Duham. 2.157. Pursh, 109. Bigel. Fl. Bost.
59. Roem. & Schult. Syst. 3. 322 & Mant. 250. Elliott, 1.209. Torrey, Fl. U.S.
179; Fl. N. Y. 1. 289, t. 41; Emory’s Rep. 141 & 408. oe Syst. 1.451. DC.
Prodr. 4.271. Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am. 1. 275. Don, Mill. 3.898. Beck, Bot. 154.
Darling. Fl. Cestr. 108. Tausch. in Regensb. Flora, 21. 752. "Spach, Hist. Veg.
8.98. Dietr. 1.503. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1.651. Eat. & Wr. 210. Loud. Arb. 2.
1012, f. 765. C. A. Meyer, Corn. 8 & 18 (Ann. Sci. Nat. 3. 4. 63). Walp. Rep. 5.
9533. Emerson, Mass. Trees, 411 (2 ed. 2. 465, t.). Parry, Pl. Minn. 613. Curtis,
Bot. N. Car. 61. Chapman, 167. Gray, Manual, 201; Hall’s Pl. Texas, 11.

C. candidissima. Marsh. Arbust. 35. Bischoff, in Ind. Sem. h. Heidelb. 1847
(Linnea, 25. 316).

2 C. racemosa. Lam. Dict. 2. 116.

C. albida. Ehrh. Beitr. 4. 16. Moench, Meth. 108. Willd. Arb. 76.

C. pubescens. Nutt. Sylva, 3.54. Torrey, Pac. R. Rep. es 95; Bot. Wilkes, 526.
Newberry, Pac. R. Rep. 6.75. Cooper, Am. Naturalist, 3, 407. Brew. & Wats.
Bot. Calif. 1.275. Hall, Coult. Bot. Gazette, 2. 88.

C. alba, var. 8. Hook. FI. Bor.-Am. 1. 276.

C. sericea, var. (?) occidentalis. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1.652. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad.
8. 387, in part.

C. Drummondii. Cooper, Pac. R. Rep. 12. 80 & 63. Anderson, Cat. Pl. Ney. 121.

C. sericea. Bolander, Cat. 14.

C. sericea. Linn. Mant. 2.199. Murray, Syst. 13 ed. 134. Medicus, Bot. Beo-
bacht. 1782, 309. Lam. Dict. 2.117. L’Her. Corn..5, t. 2 (Roem. & Ust. Mag. pot
6. 88). Ait. Hort. Kew. 1. 158. Moench, Meth. 108. Schmidt, Géstr. Baumz. 2. 9,
t.64. Meerburgh, Pl. Sel.t.1. Willd. Arb. 75; Spec. 1. 663; Enum. 165. pee
soon, 1. 143. Nouv. Duham. 2. 155. Pursh, 108. Barton, Mat. Med. 1, t. 9.
Roem. & Schult. Syst. 3. 320 & Mant. 250. Elliott, 1.208. Guimp., Otto & Hayne,
Abbild. t. 85. Torrey, Fl. U. S. 178; Fl. N. Y. 1.290. Spreng. Syst. 1. 451.
Beck, Am. Journ. Sci. 1. 10. 264; Bot. Ta DC. Prodr. 4. 272, excl. var. y. Hook.
Fl. Bor.-Am. 1. 276; Lond. Journ. Bot. 6.237% Don, Mill. 3.399. Lindl. Fl. Med.
81. Tausch. in Regensb. Flora, 21. 732. ‘Couns Fl. Cestr. 107. Spach, Hist.
Veg. 8.99. Dietr. 1.504. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 651, excl. var. Eat. & Wr. 209.
Nees, Pl. Neuwied, 10. Loud. Arb. 2. 1013, f.' 766. C. A. Meyer, Corn. 25 (Ann.
Sci. Nat. 3. 4. 67). Walp. Rep. 5. 934. Emerson, Mass. Trees, 411 (2 ed. 2. 466, t.).

.

440 CORNACEZ. [Cornus.

Parry, Pl. Minn. 613. Rich. Arct. Exped. 429. Engelm. Pl. Upp. Miss. 194. Gray,
Pac. R. Rep. 12. 44; Manual, 200. Curtis, Bot. N. Car. 60. Lesqx. Fl. Ark. 364.
Chapman, 167.

C. Amomum. DuRoi, Obs. Bot. 7; Harbk. 1.165. Bischoff, Ind. Sem. h.
Heidelb. 1847 (Linnea, 25. 517).

2 C. cerulea. Lam. Dict. 2. 116.

2 C. rubiginosa. Ehrhart, Beitr. 4. 15.

2 C. alba. Walter, 88. Hook. Comp. Bot. Mag. 1. 48.

C. cyanocarpus. Moench, Meth. 108.

C. lanuginosa. Michx. Fl. 1. 92. Poir. Suppl. 2. 355.

2 C. polygama. Raf. Fl. Lud. 78. DC. Prodr. 4. 274. Don, Mill. 8.401. Dietr.
1. 505.

C. obliqua. Raf. Ann. Nat. 13.

C. sessilis. Torrey in Durand, Pl. Pratten. 89; Pac. R. Rep. 4. 94, t. 7. Brew.
& Wats. Bot. Calif. 1. 274.

C. stolonifera. Michx. Fl. 1.92. Persoon, 1.143. Nouv. Duham. 2. 159. Poir:
Suppl. 2. 355. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1.650. Torrey, Fl. N. Y. 1. 289; Nicol. Rep. 151;
Frem. Rep.go; Emory’s Rep. 408. Emerson, Mass. Trees, 410 (2 ed. 2.465). Gray,
Pl. Fendl. 57; Pac. R. Rep. 12. 44; Manual, 200. Nutt. Sylva, 3.55. Rich. Arct.
Exped. 429. Seem. Bot. Herald, 52. Engelm. Pl. Upp. Miss. 194. Newberry,
Pac. R. Rep. 6.75. Hook.f. Arct. Pl. 293. Rothr. Fl. Alask. 447. Gard. Chronicle,
2. 4. 678, f.1388. Brew. & Wats. Bot. Calif. 1. 275.

C. alba. Lam. Dict. 2. 115, in part ; not Linn. Wangenh. Amer. 91. L’Her.
Corn. 6, in part. Willd. Spec. 1. 662, in part. Pursh, 109. Bigel. Fl. Bost. 58.
Nutt. Genera, 1. 98; Sylva, 3.55. Roem. & Schult. 3. 521, in part. Barton, Comp.
Fl. Phil. 1.87. Rich. Frankl. Journ. Appx. 5. James, Long’s Exped. 2. 326.
Torrey, Fl. U. S. 179; Ann. Lyc. N. Y. 2. 208. DC. Prodr. 4. 272, in part. Hook.
Fl. Bor.-Am. 1. 276, excl. var. Beck, Bot.154. Eat. & Wr.210. Loud. Arb.
2.1011, in part. C. A. Meyer, Corn. 7 & 15 (Ann. Sci. Nat. 3. 4. 60). Walp. Rep.
5. 932.

C. sanguinea. Marsh. Arbust. 36% Pursh, 109. Elliott, 1.208. Torrey, Fl.
U. S.179. Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am. 1. 276. Beck, Bot. 154. Eat. & Wr. 209.

C. Purshii. Don, Mill. 3. 399. Loud. Arb. 2. 1011.

C. pubescens. Cooper, Pac. R. Rep. 12. 81 & 63. Watson, King’s Rep. 5. 131;
Pl. Wheeler, 10. Porter, Hayd. Rep. 1871, 484; Fl. Col. 53. Coulter, Hayd. Rep.
1872, 768. Rothr. Pl. Wheeler, 4o.

C. sericea, var. occidentalis. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 8. 387, in part.

C. stricta. Lam. Dict.2.116. L’Her. Corn. 8, t. 4 (Roem. & Ust. Mag. Bot. 6.
90). Ait. Hort. Kew. 1.159. Schmidt, Géstr. Baumz. 2. 12, t. 67. Willd. Arb.
77; Spec. 1. 668; Enum. 165. Persoon, 1. 144. Nouv. Duham. 2. 157. Pursh,
109. Roem. & Schult. Syst. 3. 822 & Mant. 250. Elliott, 1.209. Torrey, Fl. U.S.
180. Spreng. Syst. 1.451. DC. Prodr. 4. 272 (as C. striata). Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am.
1. 275. Don, Mill. 3. 399. Beck, Bot. 154. Spach, Hist. Veg. 8. 96. Dietr. 1. 504,
Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1.651. Eat. & Wr.210. Loud. Arb. 2. 1012, f. 763, 764. C. A.
Meyer, Corn. 9 & 19 (Ann. Sci. Nat. 3.4.64). Walp. Rep. 5. 953, Gray, Pl. Fendl.
57; Manual, 200. Curtis, Bot. N. Car. 61. Lesqx. Fl. Ark. 364. Chapman, 167.

2 C. sanguinea. Walter, 88.

C. cyanocarpus. Gmelin, Syst. 1. 257. Ehret. Pl. Sel. Suppl. t. LO1.

C. cerulea. Meerb. Icon. Pict. t. 3.

C. fastigiata. Michx. Fl. 1.92. Persoon, 1. 144. Nouv. Duham. 2. 156. Poir.
Suppl. 2. 356.

Cornus. Nyssa.] CORNACEZ. 441

C. Suecica. Linn. Spec. 118. See syn. in Willd. Spec. 1. 660; Roem. & Schult.
~ Syst. 3.318; DC. Prodr. 4. 274; Ledeb. Fl. Ross. 2. 377; Pritzel, Index Icon. Bot. 1.:
303. —L’Her. Corn. 2, t.2. Cham. & Schlecht. in Linnewa, 3. 138. Audubon,
Birds, t. 193. Meyer, Pl. Lab.66. Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am. 1. 277. Hook. & Arn. Bot.
Beechey, 125. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 653. Eat. & Wr. 209. Seem. Bot. Herald, 32.
Rich. Arct. Exped. 429. Lange, Fl. Groenl. 127. Hook. f. Arct. Pl. 293. Gray,
Proc. Acad. Philad. 1865, 65. Rothr. Fl. Alask. 447.

C. Torreyi. Watson, Proc. Am. Acad. 11.145. Brew. & Wats. Bot. Calif. 1. 275.

C. Unalaskensis. Ledeb. Fl. Ross. 2. 378. Rothr. Fl. Alask. 447.
C. Canadensis. Cham. & Schlecht. in Linnea, 3. 139,

GARRYA buxifolia. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 7. 349. Bolander, Cat. 27. Brew.
& Wats. Bot. Calif. 1. 276.
G. elliptica. Dougl.; Lindl. Bot. Reg. 20, t. 1686 (Ann. Sci. Nat. 2. 2. 157;
Lit.-Ber. zu Linnea, 1855, 55) ; Journ. Hort. Soe. 5. 137 (Paxt. Fl. Gard. 1.44); Veg.
Kingd. 295, f. 293. Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am. 2. 145. Benth. Pl. Hartw. 335. Torrey,
Mex. Bound. 205. Boland. in Proc. Calif. Acad. 3. 82; Cat. 27. Maout & Deesne.
Trait. Bot. 256, figs. Watson, King’s Rep. 5.152. Gordon, Garden, 4. 104, fig.
Brew. & Wats. Bot. Calif. 1. 276.
G. flavescens. Watson, Am. Naturalist, 7. 301; Pl. Wheeler, 9. Brew. & Wats.
Bot. Calif. 1. 276.

G. elliptica. Torrey, Pac. R. Rep. 4. 156.

G. 2 Watson, King’s Rep. 5. 421.

Var. Palmeri. Watson, Bot. Calif. 1. 276.

G. Fremonti. Torrey, Pac. R. Rep. 4. 136. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 7. 3849.
Boland. Cat. 27. Brew. & Wats. Bot. Calif. 1. 276.

G. Lindheimeri. Torrey, Pac. R. Rep. 4. 156; Mex. Bound. 205.
G. Veatchii. Kellogg, Proc. Calif. Acad. 5. 40. (Cerros Islands.)
G. Wrightii. Torrey, Pac. R. Rep. 4. 186; Mex. Bound. 20s.

NYSSA capitata. Walter, 253. Poir. in Lam. Dict. 4. 508; Suppl. 5. 740.
Michx. f. Arb. Amer. 2. 257, t. 20 (Sylva, t. 113). Ait. f. Hort. Kew. 5. 480.
Elliott, 2. 685. Hook. Comp. Bot. Mag. 2.62. Eat. & Wr. 529. Spach, Hist. Veg.
10.464. Chapman, 168. Wood, Cl.-Book, 592; Bot. & Fl. 143.

NN. Ogeche. Marsh. Arbust. 97.

N. coccinea. Bartram, Trav. 17.

NN. tomentosa. Poir. in Lam. Dict. 4. 508.

N. candicans. Michx. Fl. 2.259. Persoon, 2.614. Willd. Spec. 4.1113. Pursh,
177. + Poir. Suppl. 4.116. Nutt. Genera, 2. 236; Fl. Ark. 167. Roem. & Schult.
Syst. 5.577. Spreng. Syst. 1. 832. Dietr. 1. 879. Loud. Arb. 3. 1818, f. 1199.

N. montana. Gaertn. Fruct. 3. 201, t. 216 (fruit).

N. Caroliniana. Poir. in Lam. Dict. 4. 507; Lam. IIl. 3. 442, t. 851, f. 1.
tN. biflora. Walter, 253. Poir. in Lam. Dict. 4. 508.
2 N. multiflora. Elliott, 2. 684.
N. aquatica. Curtis, Bot. N. Car. 62. Chapman, 168.

N. multiflora. Wangenh. Amer. 46, t.16,f. 39% Beck, Bot. 807. Darling. Fl.
Cestr. 164. Eat. & Wr. 329. Spach, Hist. Veg. 10. 463. Torrey, Fl. N. Y. 2. 161,
t.95. Emerson, Mass. Trees, 312, t. 17 (2 ed. 2. 553, t.). Schnitzlein, Icon.
t. 108**, f. 1,2. Chapman, 168. Manual, 201.

N. aquatica. Linn. Spec. 1058, in part. St. Hil. Fam. Nat. 2.152. Persoon,
2.614. Michx. f. Arb. Amer. 2. 165, t. 22 (Sylva, t. 111). Roem. & Schult. Syst.

449 CORNACE. | [Nyssa.

5. 576. Barton, Comp. FI. Phil. 2.192. Spreng. Syst. 1. 832. Audubon, Birds,
t. 133. Elliott, 2. 684. Dietr. 1. 878. Eat. & Wr. 829. Spach, Hist. Veg. 10. 464.
Darby, Bot. 492.

N. integrifolia. Ait. Hort. Kew. 5. 446. Persoon, 2. 614.

@ N. Canadensis. Poir. in Lam. Dict. 4. 507.

NV. biflora. Michx. Fl. 2. 259. Willd. Spec. 4. 1118; Enum. 1061. Ait. f. Hort.
Kew. 5.479. Pursh, 177. Poir. Suppl. 4. 115. Torrey, Compend. 872. Beck, Bot.
307. Loud. Arb. 3. 1317, f. 1195, 1196.

N. villosa. Bigel. Fl. Bost. 380.

Var. sylvatica.

N. sylvatica. Marsh. Arbust. 97. Michx. f. Arbr. Amer. 2. 260, t. 21 (Sylva,
t.110). Poir. Suppl. 4.116. Barton, Comp. Fl. Phil. 2. 193.

@ N. multiflora. Walter, 253. Darby, Bot.492. Curtis, Bot. N. Car. 62. Lesqx.
Fl. Ark. 364. :

N. villosa. Michx. Fl. 2. 258. Willd. Spec. 4.1112: Ait. f. Hort. Kew. 5. 479.
Pursh, 177. Nutt. Genera, 2. 276. Roem. & Schult. Syst. 5. 575. Spreng. Syst.
1. 852. Torrey, Compend. 872. Dietr. 1. 878. Loud. Arb. 3. 1317, f. 1197, 1198.

2 N. biflora. James, Long’s Exped. 3. 5 & 164. Torrey, Ann. Lyc. N. Y. 2.200.
Nutt. Fl. Ark. 167.

N. uniflora. Wangenh. Amer. 83, t. 27, f. 57. Walter, 253. Elliott, 2. 686.
Eat. & Wr. 329. Darby, Bot. 493. Curtis, Bot. N. Car. 62. Chapman, 168. Gray,
Manual, 201.

N. aquatica. Winn. Spec. 1058, in part. Marsh. Arbust. 96. Poir. in Lam. Dict.
4, 507.

N. denticulata. Ait. Hort. Kew. 3. 446. Persoon, 2. 615. Gaertn. Fruct. 3. 203,
t.2162% Willd. Spee. 4.1114. Pursh, 178. Poir. Suppl. 4.115. Nutt. Genera,
2. 236. Roem. & Schult. Syst. 5. 577. Spreng. Syst. 1. 852. Dietr. 1. 879.

N. angulosa. Poir. in Lam. Dict. 4. 507; Lam. Ill. 3. 442, t. 851, f. 2. Roem.
& Schult. Syst. 5. 578.

N. palustris. Salisb. Prodr. 175.

NN. tomentosa. Michx. Fl. 2. 259. Persoon, 2. 615. Willd. Spec. 4. 1115. Pursh,
177. Nutt. Genera, 2. 236. Roem. & Schult. Syst. 5. 577. Elliott, 2.685. Spreng.
Syst. 1. 832. Audubon, Birds, t. 13. Dietr. 1. 879. Eat. & Wr. 829. Darby,
Bot. 493.

N. angulisans. Michx. Fl. 2. 259. Dietr. 1.879. Spach, Hist. Veg. 10. 465.

N. grandidentata. Michx. f. Arb. Amer. 2. 252, t. 19 (Sylva, t. 112).

Page

9
v-

=i

ADDITIONS AND CORRECTIONS.

RANUNCULACE.

Dele all under Anemone alpina.

Under A. cylindrica insert: — Macoun & Gibson, Trans. Bot. Soc. Edinb.
12. 507.

Under A. decapetala insert :— Parry, Am. Naturalist, 9. 267.

Under A. Caroliniana insert :— Elliott, 2. 53. Eat. & Wr. 127. W. W. Smith,
Journ. Ell. Soe. 1. 21.

After A. Hepatica insert: —.A. precor. Salish. Prodr. 371.

Under Hepatica triloba insert : — Bigel. Fl. Bost. 222. Torrey, Compend. 225.
Beck, Bot. 6. Tuckerman, Josselyn’s Rarities, 76. W. W. Smith, l. ec. 24,

A. ITepatica, var. obtusa. Muhl. Cat. 53.

H, triloba, var. obtusa. Barton, Comp. Fl. Phil. 2.23. Darling. Fl. Cestr. 331.
Insert A. occidentalis. Watson, Proc. Am. Acad. 11.121. Brew. & Wats.
Bot. Calif. 1. 3.

A. alpina. Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am.1.5. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1.11. Hook. &
Arn. Bot. Beechey, 120. Eat. & Wr. 126. Seem. Bot. Herald, 22. New-
berry, Pac. R. Rep. 6.66. Hook. f. Arct. Pl. 283 & 311, in part. Rothr. FI.
Alask. 442.

Pulsatilla alpina. Lawson, Ranunce. Canad. 23.

After A. minima insert :

A. nemorosa, var. quinquefolia. Torrey, Compend. 222.: Beck, Bot. 5. Dar-
ling. Fl. Cestr. 332.

Under A. Virginiana insert:— Hill, Veg. Syst. 25, t.44,f.3. Bigel. Fl.
Bost. 288. Barton, Comp. Fl. Phil. 2.20. Elliott, 2. 54. Torrey, Compend.
223. Beck, Bot. 6. Darling. Fl. Cestr. 832. Hat. & Wr. 126. W. W. Smith,
Journ. Ell. Soe. 1. 22.

Under Cross-references insert : — alpina; occidentalis.

Under Aquilegia czerulea insert: — Brew. & Wats. Bot. Calif. 1.10. Rev.
Hort. Belg. 1876, 221, t. (Belg. Hortic. 1877, 170). Garden, 12. 8.

Under A. Canadensis insert :— Barton, Elem. Bot. t. 34, f. 1-5. Persoon,
2.85. Bigel. Fl. Bost. 219. Turpin, Dict. Sci. Nat. 2.111, t.115. Barton f.
Comp. FI. Phil. 2.12. Torrey, Compend. 218. Beck, Bot. 12. Darling. FI.
Cestr. 321. Eat. & Wr. 130. Garden, 12. 8.

Under A. chrysantha insert : — Regel, Gartenfl. 1877, t. 895.

Under A. leptoceras, var. chrysantha, insert: — Fl. Serres, 1876, t. 2108. Rev.
Hort. Belg. 1876, 221, t.

444 ADDITIONS AND CORRECTIONS.

Page
8. Under Caltha palustris insert :— Bigel. Fl. Bost.221. Barton, Comp. FI.
Phil. 2.22. Torrey, Compend. 224. Beck, Bot. 11. Darling. Fl. Cestr. 336.
Eat. & Wr. 165.
9. After Cimicifuga elata insert: — Macrotys fwtida. Eat. & Wr. 311.
Under C. fwtida insert : — Persoon, 2. 85. Gray, Mem. Am. Acad. 6. 379.
Under Clematis alpina insert:—See syn. in Maxim. Bull. Acad. Petersb.
22. 224, as Atragene.
Under C. crispa insert: — W. W. Smith, Journ. Ell. Soc. 1. 16.
10. Insert C. Fremonti. Watson, Proc. Am. Acad. 10. 339 (Coult. Bot. Ga-
zette, 2. 123).
11. Insert C. pauciflora. Nutt.; Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1.9. Eat. & Wr. 200.
Walp. Rep. 1.7. Dietr. 3. 345. .Brew. & Wats. Bot. Calif. 1. 3.

Under C. verticillaris insert : — Torrey, Compend. 222. Beck, Bot.4. Brew.
& Wats. Bot. Calif. 1. 3.

Under C. Viorna insert : — St. Hil. Fam. Nat. 1. 485. Torrey, Compend. 222.
Beck, Bot. 4. Darling. Fl. Cestr. 335. Eat. & Wr.199.

Under C. Virginiana insert: — Linn. Spec. 2 ed. 766. Bigel. Fl. Bost. 219.
Barton, Comp. Fl. Phil. 2.19. Torrey, Compend. 222. Beck, Bot. 4. Dar-
ling. lc. Eat. & Wr. 199. W. W. Smith, Journ. Ell. Soc. 1. 18 & 41.

13. Insert Delphinium Consoxipa, Linn. Pursh, 372. Beck, Bot. 13. Torr. &
Gray, Fl. 1.30. Darling. Fl. Cestr. 3 ed. 7. Chapman, 10.. Gray, Manual, 46.

Insert D. flammeum. Kellogg, Proc. Calif. Acad. 2.22. (Cerros Islands.)
14. Insert D. Wislizeni. Engelm. in Wisliz. Rep. 22. Walp. Ann. 3. 812.
(Northern Mexico.)
15. Under Isopyrum occidentale insert :— Brew. & Wats. Bot. Calif. 1. 9.
Insert I. stipitatum. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 12. 54.
Under Myosurus aristatus insert :— Parry, Am. Naturalist, 9. 268. Brew.
& Wats. Bot. Calif. 1. 5.
Under M. minimus insert :— Eat. & Wr. 324. Brew. & Wats. 1.c. Macoun
& Gibson, Trans. Bot. Soc. Edinb. 12. 308.

Under Ranunculus abortivus insert :— Persoon, 2.103. Bigel. Fl. Bost.
225. Barton, Comp. Fl. Phil. 2.24. Torrey, Compend. 226. Beck, Bot. 8.
Darling. Fl. Cestr. 328. Eat. & Wr. 386. W.W. Smith, Journ. Ell. Soe. 1. 29.
After R. abortivus, var. micranthus, insert:
R. filiformis, var. hispidus. Schwein. in Long’s Exped. 2, Appx. 114.
Under R. micranthus insert : — Eat. & Wr. 389 (as Reseda micranthus).
16. After R. alismzefolius & syn. insert :
Var. alismellus. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 7. 327 & 8.872; Am. Journ. Sci.
d. 3. 149. Brew. & Wats. Bot. Calif. 1. 16.
After R. Flammula insert: — Barton, Comp. Fl. Phil. 2. 23. Bigel. Fl. Bost.
2 ed. 224. Torrey, Compend. 226. Beck, Bot. 7. Darling. Fl. Cestr. 327.
After R. Andersoni insert:
Var. tenellus. Watson, King’s Rep. 5.6. Parry, Am. Naturalist, 9. 142
& 267.
17. Under R. aquatilis dele Var. Lobbii & syn. .
* Under Var. tricophyllus insert: — Brew. & Wats. Bot. Calif. 1. 5.

ADDITIONS AND CORRECTIONS. 445

Page

18.

19.

20.

21.

23.

24.

26.

to
=I

Insert R. Curtensis, DC. Hook. & Arn. Bot. Beechey, 134. Brew. & Wats.
Bot. Calif. 1. 9.
Under R. Cymbalaria insert :— Brew. & Wats. l. ec. 7.
Under R. tridentatus insert : — Griseb. Pl. Lorentz. 21, making it distinct.
Under R. hebecarpus insert: — Watson, Proc. Am. Acad. 11.112. Brew.
& Wats. Bot. Calif. 1. 8.
Var. pusillus. Brewer, Bot. Calif. 1. 9.

R. hederaceus. Linn. Spec. 2 ed.781. See syn. in DC. Syst. 1. 233. —
Schlecht. Animad. Ranunc. 1.7. Elliott, 2.56. Eat. & Wr. 358. W. W.
Smith, Journ. Ell. Soc. 1. 86. Torrey, Pac. R. Rep. 4. 62.

RR. hydrocharis Lobbii. Hiern in Seem. Journ. Bot. 9. 66, t. 114.

R. hederaceus, var. Lobbii. Brewer, Bot. Calif. 1. 5.
Under R. hystriculus insert :— Brew. & Wats. Bot. Calif. 1. 6.
Insert R. Lemmoni. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 10. 68. Brew. & Wats. lL. c. 7.
Under R. macranthus, muricatus & Nelsoni, var., insert: — Brew. & Wats.
Bot. Calif. 1. 8.
Under R. oblongifolius insert : —Eat. & Wr. 218. Smith, 1. ¢. 28.
After &. canus insert : — R. Californicus, var. canus. Brewer, Bot. Calif. 1. 8.
Insert R. oxynotus. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 10.68. Brew. & Wats. l. c. 7.
Under R. Pennsylvanicus insert:— Persoon, 2. 104. Barton, Comp. FI.
Phil. 2.25. Bigel. Fl. Bost. 2 ed. 227. Torrey, Compend. 227. Beck, Bot.
10. Eat. & Wr. 886.
Under R. pusillus insert :— Torrey, Compend. 226. Beck, Bot. 8. Darling.
Fl. Cestr. 328. Smith, 1. c. 28.
Under R. recurvatus insert:— Persoon, 2.105. Bigel. Fl. Bost. 3 ed. 242.
Torrey, Compend. 227. Beck, Bot. 10. Darling. Fl. Cestr. 529. Eat. & Wr.
387. Smith, 1. ¢. 31.
Under R. repens insert: — Bigel. Fl. Bost. 189. Barton, Comp. Fl. Phil.
2.24. Torrey, Compend. 228. Beck, Bot.9. Darling. 1.c. Eat. & Wr. 387.
Under R. hispidus insert : — Persoon, 2. 105. Barton, 1.c. Torrey, Compend.
227. Beck, Bot. 10. Eat. & Wr. 387. Smith, 1. c. 31.
Under R. rhomboideus insert: — Eat. & Wr. 387. Brandegee, Fl. S. W.
Col. 233.
Under R. sceleratus insert: — Bigel. Fl. Bost. 157. Barton,1l.c. Torrey,
Compend. 226. Beck, Bot. 8. Darling. 1c. Eat. & Wr. 386. Smith, 1. c. 30.
Under Var. Lindheimeri insert : — Brewer, Bot. Calif. 1. 7.
Under Thalictrum Cornuti insert:— Persoon, 2. 100. Torrey, 1. ¢. 223.
Beck, Bot. 4. Darling. 1. c. 384. Eat. & Wr. 449. Smith, 1. c. 25.
Under T. Fendleri dele var. & syn. as indicated below.
Under T. occidentale insert : — Brew. & Wats. Bot. Calif. 1. 4.
T. polycarpum. Watson, Proc. Am. Acad. 13.—.

T. Fendleri, var. (2) polycarpum. Torrey, Pac. R. Rep. 4. 61.
T. Fendleri. Anderson, Cat. Pl. Ney. 117. Boland. Cat. 3. Brew. & Wats.

Bot. Calif. 1. 4, in part.
Under Trautvetteria palmata, var. occidentalis, insert :— Gray, Mem.
Am. Acad. 6. 379.

446 ADDITIONS AND CORRECTIONS.

Page
27. After Trollius laxus & syn. insert:
Gaissenia verna. Raf. Med. Rep. 5. 352. Desv. in Journ. Bot. 2. 168.

After Xanthorrhiza apiifolia & syn. insert:
X. tinctoria. Woodhouse, Med. Rep. 5. 159, t.

DILLENIACEA.

Insert Crossosoma Bigelovii. Watson, ].c. 11.122. Brew. & Wats. 1. ec.
C. Californicum. Torrey, Pac. R. Rep. 4. 68, t. 1, excl. f. 1, 2.

ANONACEL.

31. At bottom insert :— Anona pendula. Salish. Prodr. 380.
02. Under Anona glabra insert: —Chapman, Coult. Bot. Gazette, 3. 2.

MENISPERMACE i.

Under Menispermum Canadense insert : — St. Hil. Fam. Nat. 2. 83. Per-
soon, 2. 627. Barton, Comp. Fl. Phil. 2.199. Turpin, Dict. Sci. Nat. 30. 33,
t.120. Torrey, Compend. 526. Beck, Bot. 16. Bigel. Fl. Bost. 3 ed. 252.
Eat. & Wr. 317. Agardh, Theor. Syst. t. 20, f. 4.

BERBERIDACE.

33. Under Achlys triphylla insert :— Poir. in Lam. Ill. 3.641. Raf. New Flora,
1.51. Eat. & Wr. 113. Brew. & Wats. Bot. Calif. 1. 16.

Under Berberis Aquifolium insert :— Eat. & Wr. 156. Hall, Coult. Bot.
Gaz. 2. 85. Garden, 5. 33.

34. Under B. nervosa insert : — Hall, ]. c.

35. Under Caulophyllum thalictroides insert :— Lam. Ill. 5. 595, t. 937.
Under Diphyleia cymosa insert:—Persoon, 1. 587. Lam. Ill. 3. 595,
t.937. Eat. & Wr. 226.

Under Jeffersonia diphylla insert: — Muhl. Cat. 4o. Beck, Bot. 18. Eat.
& Wr. 287. Macoun & Gibson, Trans. Bot. Soc. Edinb. 12. 309.

Under Podophyllum peltatum insert: — Walter, 153. Barton, Elem. Bot.
t.18,f.2. St. Hil. Fam. Nat. 1.493. Persoon, 2.61. Barton f. Comp. FI.
Phil. 2.9. Turpin, Dict. Sci. Nat. 42.66, t.178. Torrey, Compend. 217.
Beck, Bot. 18. Darling. Fl. Cestr. 318. Porter, Coult. Bot. Gaz. 2. 117.

NYMPH HACE.

36. Under Brasenia peltata insert: — Barton, Comp. FI. Phil. 2.26. Brew. &
Wats. Bot. Calif. 1.16. Muell. Pl. Indig. Vict. 1. 12.
Under Hydropeltis purpurea insert :— Persoon, 2. 107. Lam. Ill. 38. 645, t. 967.
Bigel. Fl. Bost. 135. Turpin, Dict. Sci. Nat. t.81; Ann. Nat. Hist. 1855, t. 3.
Beck, Bot. 19. Eat. & Wr. 277.

Page
306.

38.

39.

40.

41.

45.

ADDITIONS AND CORRECTIONS. aa

After Brasenia nymphoides insert :

Cabomba peltata. Muell. Fragm. Phyt. Austral. 10. 77.
Under Nelumbium luteum insert :— Turpin, Dict. Sci. Nat. 34. 356, t. 180.
Torrey, Compend. 228. Beck, Bot. 19. Eat. & Wr. 827. Macoun & Gibson,
Trans. Bot. Soc. Edinb. 12. 309.
Under Nelumbo lutea insert : — Baill. in Adansonia, 10. 1, t. 3.
Under Nuphar advena dele syn. Newberry.
Under N. polysepalum insert: — Brew. & Wats. Bot. Calif. 1. 17.

N. advena. Newberry, Pac. R. Rep. 6. 67.
Insert Nympheea flava. Leitner; Audubon, Birds, t.411. Mrs. Mary
Treat, in Harper’s Magazine, 55. 565, figs. (as NV. lutea). Chapman, Coult.
Bot. Gaz. 3. 2.

SARRACENIACE 4.

Under Darlingtonia Californica insert : — Edwards, Proc. Calif. Acad. 6. 161.
Brew. Bot. Calif. 1. 17.
D. rediviva. Torrey, Proc. Am. Assoe. 4. 191.
Under Sarracenia purpurea insert : — Bigel. Fl. Bost. 213. Barton, Comp.
Fl. Phil. 2.10. Turpin, Dict. Sci. Nat. 47. 404, t.181. Torrey, Compend.
217. Beck, Bot. 22. Eat. & Wr. 411. Tuckerman, Josselyn’s Rar. 86, fig.
Sarazina gibbosa. Raf. Autikon Bot. 33.

PAPAVERACE.

Under Arctomecon Californicum insert: — Parry, Am Naturalist, 9. 139
& 268. Brew. & Wats. Bot. Calif. 1.21. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 12. 52, t. 2
(Garden, 11. 215, fig.).
Under Argemone hispida & Mexicana insert :— Brew. & Wats. 1. ¢.
Insert CANBY A candida. Parry; Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 12. 51, t.1
(Garden, 11. 215, fig.).
Insert GLAUCIUM turevm, Scop. Eat. & Wr. 255. Gray, Manual, 60.
Wood, Bot. & FI. 31.

G. flavum. Gray, Manual, 1 ed. 27.
Papaver ArGemong, Linn. Gray, Manual, 59.
P. pupium, Linn. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1.60. Eat. & Wr. 342. Darling. Fl.
Cestr. 2 ed. 517. Chapman, 22. Gray, Manual, 59.
Under Platystemon Californicus insert: — Parry, Am. Naturalist, 9. 268.
Brew. & Wats. Bot. Calif. 1. 19.
Under Platystigma Californicum, lineare & Oreganum insert :— Brew.
& Wats., Bot. Calif. 1. 20. ;
Under Romneya Coulteri insert :— Masters, Gard. Chronicle, 2. 5. 280, f. 55.
Brew. & Wats. Bot. Calif. 1. 20. The Garden, 11. 3874. Fl. Mag. t. 352.
Under Sanguinaria Canadensis insert :— Walter, 153. Barton, Elem. Bot.
t.40. St. Hil. Fam. Nat. 1.495. Bigel. Fl. Bost. 151. Barton f. Veg. Mat.
Med. 1, t. 2; Comp. Fl. Phil. 2.8. Torrey, Compend. 217. Beck, Bot. 21.
Darling. Fl. Cestr. 817. Eat. & Wr. 410.

448

48.

49,

ADDITIONS AND CORRECTIONS.

FUMARIACE.

Under Corydalis aurea, var., insert: — Brew. & Wats. Bot. Calif. 1. 24.
Under C. Caseana insert: — Brandegee, Fl. 8. W. Col. 233. Brew. &
Wats. l.c.

Under C. Scouleri insert :— Brew. & Wats. Bot. Calif. 1. 24.

Under Dicentra formosa insert :— Brew. & Wats. Bot. Calif. 1. 24.

CRUCIFER.

Under Alyssum cALycinum insert :— Brew. & Wats. Bot. Calif. 1. 27.
Insert A. MARITIMUM, Linn. Brew. & Wats. 1. ¢.

Under Arabis arcuata, blepharophylla & canescens insert :— Brew. &
Wats. Bot. Calif. 1. 82 & 38.
Insert A. Breweri. Watson, Proc. Am. Acad. 11. 123. Brew. & Wats. 1. c.
Under A. Drummondii dele Var. alpina & syn.
Under A. hirsuta insert :— Brew. & Wats. Bot. Calif. 1. 32.
Under A. Holbcellii insert: — Brew. & Wats. 1. c. 383. Macoun & Gibson,
Trans. Bot. Soc. Edinb. 12. 514.
After A. heteromalla insert :— A. lilacina. Schrad. in Ind. Sem. Goett. 1832, 1.
Regel, Deser. Pl. Nov. fase. 5. 51.
After Turritis Grahami insert: —A. Turczaninowii. Ledeb. Fl. Ross. 1. 123 ;
fide Regel, 1. c.
Under A. longirostris insert: — Parry, Am. Naturalist, 9. 268. Brew. &
Wats. Bot. Calif. 1. 31.
Under A. lyrata insert: —Crantz, Class. Crucif. 125. Poir. Suppl. 1. 414.
Barton, Comp. Fl. Phil. 2. 56. Torrey, Compend. 250. Beck, Bot. 30.
Subularia alpina, Eat. & Wr. 446.
After Cardamine Virginica insert : — Arabis 2 Lam. Dict. 2. 185.
Insert A. Lyalli. Watson, 1. ¢. 11.122. Brew. & Wats. Bot. Calif. 1. 32.
2 A. microphylla. Nutt.; Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 82. Walp. Rep. 1. 158. Eat.
& Wr. 181. Dietr. Syn. 5. 695.
A. Drummondii. Watson, King’s Rep. 5. 17.
A. Drummondii, var. alpina. Watson, 1l.c. Porter, Hayd. Rep. 1871, 478 ;
Fl. Col. 6. Coulter, Hayd. Rep. 760.
After Sisymbrium arabidoides insert : — Sisymbrium lyratum. Eat. & Wr. 430.
Under A. perfoliata insert: — Brew. & Wats. Bot. Calif. 1. 31.
Under Turritis glabra insert : — Muell. Pl. Indig. Vict. 1. 55.
Under A. petreea insert: — Macoun & Gibson, Trans. Edinb. 12. 318.

Under A. platysperma & spathulata insert :— Brew. & Wats. lL c. 52.
Insert A. repanda. Watson, Proc. Am. Acad. 11. 122. Brew. & Wats. l. c.
Under Barbarea vulgaris insert: — Barton, Comp. Fl. Phil. 2. 54. Torrey,
Compend. 251. Beck, Bot. 29. Eat. & Wr. 154. Muell. Pl. Indig. Vict. 1. 82.
Brew. & Wats. Bot. Calif. 1. 40.

j

Page
dl.

54.

64.

ADDITIONS AND CORRECTIONS. 449

Under Biscutella Californica insert :— Brew. & Wats. Bot. Calif. 1. 48.
Under B. Wislizeni insert: — Parry, Am. Naturalist, 9. 268. Brandegee, FI.
S. W. Col. 233. Brew. & Wats. 1. ¢.
Under Brassica CAMPESTRIS, NIGRA & SINAPISTRUM insert: — Brew. & Wats.
Bot. Calif. 1. 39.
After Cakile Americana insert :

Rapistrum Cakile. Crantz, Class. Crucif. 106, in part.

Bunias Americana. Raf. Med. Bot. 2. 202.
Under Capsella divaricata insert: — Parry, l.c. Brew. & Wats. I. ¢. 44.
Under Cardamine angulata insert: — Eat. & Wr. 169. Watson, Proc. Am.
Acad. 10. 340.
Under C. bellidifolia insert: — Bigel. Fl. Bost. 2 ed. 252. Eat. & Wr. 169.
Brew. & Wats. Bot. Calif. 1. 31.
Insert C. Gambelii. Watson, 1. c. 11.147. Brew. & Wats. 1. c. 30.
Under C. hirsuta & var., C. oligosperma & paucisecta insert : — Brew. &
Wiatss lac:
After C. paucisecta insert :

Dentaria Californica & integrifolia. Nutt.; Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1.88. Walp.
Rep. 1. 138. Dietr. 3. 700. Eat. & Wr. 222.
Under Caulanthus Coulteri & crassicaulis insert: — Brew. & Wats. Bot.
Calif. 1. 36.
Under Cheiranthus asper & Menziesii insert : — Brew. & Wats. l. c. 35.
Under Dentaria macrocarpa insert : — Eat. & Wr. 222. Brew. & Wats. Bot.
Calif. 1. 30.
Under Draba aurea insert:— Eat. & Wr. 228. Brew. & Wats. l. c. 28.
Under Var. stylosa insert :— Brandegee, Fl. 8. W. Col. 233.
Under D. Caroliniana insert: — Torrey, Compend. 247. Eat. & Wr. 227.
Macoun & Gibson, Trans. Bot. Soc. Edinb. 12. 315.
Under D. Douglasii & eurycarpa insert: — Brew. & Wats. l. c. 29.
Insert D. stenoloba. Ledeb. FI. Ross. 1.154. Walp. Rep. 1. 150. Dietr.
3.651. Rothr. Fl. Alask. 443. Brew. & Wats. Bot. Calif. 1. 28.

D, hirta, var. siliquosa. Cham. & Schlecht. in Linnea, 1. 24.

D. nemorosa, var. lutea. Watson, King’s Rep. 5. 22.

D. nemorosa, var. crassifolia. Rothr. Pl. Wheeler, 34.

Under Cross-references. — Dele “crassifolia; androsacea” and “ stenoloba ; hir-
ta:” — insert “nemorosa ; montana:” —read “Johannis ; crassifolia, stellata”
and “ oligosperma ; alpina.”

Under Erysimum asperum insert : — Brew. & Wats. Bot. Calif. 1. 59.
After E. efatum insert :

Var. pumilum. Watson, King’s Rep. 5. 24, excl. syn. Brew. & Wats. 1. c.
Under Lepidium alyssoides insert :— Brew. & Wats. Bot. Calif. 1. 47.
Under L. dictyotum insert : — Brew. & Wats. 1. c. 45.

Var. (?) acutidens. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 12. 54.

Under L. flavum insert :— Brew. & Wats. 1. c. 46.

Under L. Fremonti insert: — Parry, Am. Naturalist, 9.268. Brew. & Wats.

l. ce. 47.
29

. 450

Page

G64.

68.

69.

“4

ADDITIONS AND CORRECTIONS,

After L. integrifolium insert:
Var. heterophyllum. Watson, Am. Naturalist, 9. 268.
L. montanum, var. (4) alpinum. Watson, King’s Rep. 5. 29.

Under L. intermedium insert: — Macoun & Gibson, Trans. Bot. Soc. Edinb.
12. 316. Brew. & Wats. l. c. 47.

L. Menziesii, var. B. Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am. 1. 68.

L. Menziesii. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 8. 377.

Under L. montanum insert: — Parry, l. ec. 268. Brew. & Wats. 1. e. 47.

Insert Lepidium Groeenlandicum. Hornem.; Lange, Pl. Groenl. 130.
L. alpinum. Muell. Fl. Dan. 4. 5, t. 569.

After L. nitidum insert: — Z. Menziesii. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 115, in part.
After Dileptium diffusum insert :

@ Discovium Ohioense. Raf. Journ. Phys. 1819, 96; Autikon Bot. 17. DC.
Syst. 2. 700; Prodr. 1.236. Don, Mill. 1. 181. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 120.
Dietr. 3. 643.

Semetum ramosum. Raf. Autikon Bot. 17.

2 L. Menziesii. Torrey, Bot. Wilkes, 283.

Under L. Wrightii insert: — Parry, 1l.c. Brew. & Wats. Bot. Calif. 1. 46.
Under Lyrocarpa Coulteri insert: — Brew. & Wats. Bot. Calif. 1. 44.
Insert L. Palmeri. Watson, Proc. Am. Acad. 11.123. Brew. & Wats. l. ¢.
Under Nasturtium Armoracta insert: — Brew. & Wats. Bot. Calif. 1. 48.
Under N. curvisiliqua insert: — Brew. & Wats. 1. ¢. 42.

Under N. orricinaLe insert: — Torrey, Compend. 251. Eat. & Wr. 326.
Brew. & Wats. 1. e. 45.

Erysimum Nasturtium. Eat. Man. 7 ed.

Under N. palustre & var. hispidum insert :— Brew. & Wats. 1. ec. 42.
Under N. sinuatum insert :— Brew. & Wats. 1. c. 43,

Insert N. trachycarpum. Gray in Brandegee, Fl. S. W. Col. 233; Proc.
Am. Acad. 12. 54.

Under Parrya nudicaulis insert: — Regel, Deser. Pl. Noy. fase. 5. 18, with
syn., including both P. arctica & macrocarpa.

Under Physaria didymocarpa insert :— Brew. & Wats. 1. c. 47.

Under Vesicaria didymocarpa insert : — Benth. & Hook. Gen. PI. 1. 73.

Under P. Newberryi insert : — Parry, Am. Naturalist, 9. 268.

Under Platyspermum scapigerum insert : — Brew. & Wats. Bot. Calif. 1. 27.

Under Raphanus Rarnanistrum & sativus insert:—Brew. & Wats. l. c.
49,

Under Senebiera pipyma insert :— Brew. & Wats. l. ec. 48.
Under Sisymbrium canescens insert :— Griseb. Pl. Lorentz. 23. Watson,
Proc. Am. Acad. 11. 113. Brew. & Wats. Bot. Calif. 1. 40.
After S. brachycarpon insert :
S. canescens, var. appendiculatum. Griseb. Pl. Lorentz. 23.
Under S. reflexum insert :— Watson, Proc. Am. Acad. 11.118. Brew. &
Wats. 1. c. 41.
After S. deflexum insert :
Erysimum retrofractum. Torrey, Bot. Wilkes, 230. Gray, same.

73.

=I
on

a1
o>

“I
~I

ADDITIONS AND CORRECTIONS. 451

Insert Smelowskia (?) Fremonti. Watson, Proc. Am. Acad. 11. 123.
Brew. & Wats. Bot. Calif. 1. 42.
Under Stanleya pinnatifida & viridiflora insert: — Brew. & Wats. l. ec. 38.
After Cleome pinnata insert :
Podolobus pinnatifidus. Raf. 1817; Syly. Tellur. 113.
Under Streptanthus Breweri, flavescens, glandulosus, heterophyllus
& hispidus insert: — Brew. & Wats. Bot. Calif. 1. 35.
Under S. cordatus insert :— Parry, Am. Naturalist, 9. 268. Brandegee, Fl.
S. W. Col. 233. Brew. & Wats. l. c. 34.
After S. obtusifolius insert : — S. ovalifolius. Eat. & Wr. 444.
Under S. polygaloides, repandus & tortuosus insert:— Brew. & Wats.
Lc. 34.
Under Subularia aquatica insert: — Torrey, Compend. 248. " Eat. & Wr.
446. Brew. & Wats. Bot. Calif. 1. 45.
Insert Thelypodium ambiguum. Watson, Proc. Am. Acad. 13.—
Streptanthus sagittutus. Gray, Ives’ Rep. 6.
T. sagittatum. Watson, King’s Rep. 5. 25, in part.
T. Cooperi. Watson, Proc. Am. Acad. 12. 246.
T. ——? Brew. & Wats. Bot. Calif. 1. 38.

* Under T. brachycarpum, flavescens & laciniatum insert:— Brew. &

Wats. Bot. Calif. 1. 37.

Under T. integrifolium insert: — Brandegee, Fl. S. W. Col. 235 (var. 7).
Brew. & Wats. Ll. ¢.

Under T. longifolium & Nuttallii insert :— Brew. & Wats. 1. ¢.

Under Thlaspi alpestre insert :— Brew. & Wats. Bot. Calif. 1. 45.

Under Thysanocarpus curvipes insert: — Parry, Am. Naturalist, 9. 268.
Brew. & Wats. Bot. Calif. 1. 48.

- Insert T. erectus. Watson, 1. c. 11.113 & 124. Brew. & Wats. 1. c. 49.

After T. laciniatus insert:
Var. crenatus. Brewer, Bot. Calif. 1. 49.

Under T. laciniatus, pusillus & radians insert: — Brew. & Wats. l. c.
Under Tropidocarpum gracile insert: — Brew. & Wats. Bot. Calif. 1. 44.
Insert Vesicaria calycina. Gray in herb.

Nasturtium calycinum. Engelm. Pl. Upp. Miss. 184.
Under V. montana insert: — Brew. & Wats. Bot. Calif. 1. 43.

CAPPARIDACE A.

Under Atamisquea emarginata insert :— Brew. & Wats. Bot. Calif. 1. 50.
After Cleome integrifolia & syn. insert:

Pericla imbricata & Atalanta serrulata. Raf. Sylv. Tellur. 113.
Under C. lutea, platycarpa & sparsifolia insert :— Brew. & Wats. l.c. 51.
After Peritome aurea insert :— [serine aurea. Raf. Sylv. Tellur. 112.
Under C. Sonorz insert: — Brandegee, Fl. 8. W. Col. 253. Brew. & Wats.
Bot. Calif. 1. 51. ‘
Under Cleomella longipes, obtusifolia, parviflora & plocasperma in-
sert: — Brew. & Wats. Bot. Calif. 1. 52.

Oo
bo

D2 ADDITIONS AND CORRECTIONS.
After C. longipes insert:

Var. (?) grandiflora. Watson, King’s Rep. 5. 33. Brew. & Wats. 1. ¢.
Insert C. oocarpa. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 11.72. Brandegee, 1. ¢. 233.
Brew. & Wats. l. ¢.

After Cyrbasium erosum insert : — Dispara Jiliformis. Taf. Syly. Tellur. 113.
Under Isomeris arborea insert: — Brew. & Wats. Bot. Calif. 1. 50.
Under Oxystylis lutea insert: — Brew. & Wats. Bot. Calif. 1. 53.

After Cleome dodecandra insert :

Jacksonia trifoliata, Raf. Med. Bot. 5. 354. Desv. in Journ. Bot. 2. 170.

RESEDACEA.

Insert RESEDA tureota, Linn. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1.125. Gray, Manual,
76. Brew. & Wats. Bot. Calif. 1. 53.

CISTACEA.

After Cistus Canadensis insert :
Menandra Gronovit. Forster, Cat. Pl. N. Am. 27.
Under Helianthemum scoparium insert :— Brew. & Wats. Bot. Calif. 1. 54.
After Lechea tenuifolia insert :
2 L. juncifola. Walter, 85; fide Elliott. Gmelin, Syst. 1. 209.
Before L. Torreyi insert: — Menandra ternata. Forster, Cat. Pl. N. Am. 23.

VIOLACEA,

Insert Viola aurea. Kellogg, Proc. Calif. Acad. 2.185, f. 54. Brew. &
Wats. Bot. Calif. 1. 56.

V. premorsa. Hook. & Arn. Bot. Beechey, 325. Benth. Pl. Hartw. 208.
Durand, Pl. Pratten. 82.

V. Nuttallit. Benth. 1.¢c. Anderson, Cat. Pl. Nev. 118.

V. pedunculata. ‘Torrey, Pac. R. Rep. 4. 68, in part. Gray, Proc. Bost.
Soe. 7. 146.

V. Nuttallii, var. preemorsa. Watson, King’s Rep. 5. 55.

Var. venosa. Watson, Bot. Calif. 1. 50.

V. purpurea. Kellogg, 1. c. 1. 56.

V. Nuttallii, var. (2) venosa. Watson, King’s Rep. 5. 85 & 416. Coulter,
Hayd. Rep. 1872, 762 2
Under V. Beckwithii insert :— Brew. & Wats. Bot. Calif. 1. 58.
Under V. biflora insert :—See syn. in Maxim. Bull. Acad. Petersb. 23. 354
(Mel. Biol. 9. 749).
Under V. blanda insert:— Brew. & Wats. 1. c. 55. Maxim. 1. c. 23. 822
(Mel. Biol. 9. 732), giving as syn. V. brachyceras, Turcz. FI. Baic. 1. 188.
Under V. canina, var. sylvestris, insert: — Brew. & Wats. Bot. Calif. 1. 55.
Kept distinct (as V. sylvestris, Kit.) by Maxim. 1. c. 830 (Mel. Biol. 9. 743).
Under Var. adunca insert: — Brew. & Wats. l. ¢.

ADDITIONS AND CORRECTIONS. 453

Page
83. Before V. longipes insert:
Var. oxyceras. Watson, Bot. Calif. 1. 56.
Var. longipes. Watson, l. c.
V. adunca. Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am. 1. 79, in part.
Under V. chrysantha insert : — Brew. & Wats. Bot. Calif. 1. 58.
Under V. cucullata insert :— Brew. & Wats. I. c. 55.
84. Under V. glabella insert: — Brew. & Wats. Bot. Calif. 1.57. Maxim. 1. ec.
336 (Mel. Biol. 9. 752).
After V. glabella & syn. insert :
V. pubescens, var. scabriuscula. Gray, Manual,79. Distinct, fide Maxim. 1. c.
87. Under V. sarmentosa & Sheltoni insert :— Brew. & Wats. l. c. 58.
Under V. Selkirkii insert :— Maxim. 1. c. 321 (Mel. Biol. 9. 750), with syn.
88. Under V. rricoLor insert : — Brew. & Wats. Bot. Calif. 1. 56.
After V. tenella insert: — V. arvensis, DC. Elliott, 1. 502.
In Cross-references insert :
V. montana ; Beckwithii.
Nuttallii, pedunculata & preemorsa ; aurea.

POLYGALACEA.

89. Under Amoreuxia, each species, insert :— Walp. Ann. 4. 341.
Under Krameria canescens & lanceolata insert : — Brew. & Wats. Bot.
Calif. 1. 60.
Under K. parvifolia insert: — Parry, Am. Naturalist, 9. 269. Brew. &
Wats. l.c.
Insert Polygala acanthoclada. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 11.75. Brandegee,
Fl. S. W. Col. 234. Brew. & Wats. Bot. Calif. 1. 59.
90. Insert P. Californica. Nutt.; Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1.671. Brew. & Wats. 1. ¢.
P. Nutkana. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 671. Torrey, Bot. Wilkes, 265.
P. cucullata. Newberry, Pac. R. Rep. 6. 70. Durand, Pl. Pratten. 81,
excl. descr.
P.cornuta. Kellogg, Proce. Calif. Acad. 1. 61.
P. cucullata. Benth. Pl. Hartw. 299. Walp. Ann. 2. 81. Torrey, Pac. R.
Rep. 4.6 &7.9. Brew. & Wats. l. c¢.
P. Nutkana. Torrey, Mex. Bound. 49, t.12. Boland. Cat. 8.

93. Under P. subspinosa insert : — Parry, l. c. 269. Brew. & Wats. lL. c.
Under P. Xanti insert: — Brew. & Wats. 1. ¢.
Under Cross-references insert : —“ Nutkana ; ovalifolia:””— and dele “ cornuta ;

Nutkana” & “ cucullata ; Nutkana.”

FRANKENIACEA.

94. Under Frankenia grandiflora & Jamesii insert: — Brew. & Wats. Bot.
Calif. 1. 60 & 61.
Insert F. Palmeri. Watson, Proc. Am. Acad. 11.124. Brew. & Wats. Bot.
Calif. 1.61. (Lower California.)

Page

95.

96.

100.
101.

104.

106.
107.

108.

109.

ADDITIONS AND CORRECTIONS.

CARYOPHYLLACEA.

Under Alsine, Cross-references, insert :— A. Sagina; Bartonia tenella.
Under Arenaria brevifolia insert :— Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 11. 72.
Under A. Californica, capillaris & Franklinii insert.— Brew. & Wats.
Bot. Calif. 1. 69.
After A. congesta & syn. insert:
Var. subcongesta. Watson, Bot. Calif. 1. 69.
A. Fendleri, var. subcongesta. Watson, King’s Rep. 5. 40; Pl. Wheeler, 6.
Porter, Fl. Col. 15. Rothr. Pl. Wheeler, 35.
Under A. diffusa insert :— Curtis, Bot. N. Car. 125. Gray, Bot. Wilkes Expl.
Exp. 1. 115.
Under A. lateriflora & macrophylla insert :— Brew. & Wats. 1. ¢. 70.

. Under A. pungens insert :— Brandegee, Fl. S. W. Col. 233. Brew. & Wats.

sot. Calif. 1. 69.
Under A. tenella insert: —Brew. & Wats. l. ec.
Greniera tenella. Gay, Ann. Sci. Nat. 3. 4. 27.
Under Cerastium arvense & nutans insert :— Brew. & Wats. 1. ec. 67.
Under C. pilosum insert :— Brew. & Wats. 1. c. 67.
Under C. stellarioides insert : — Moc. & Sesse, Icon. Ined. t. 54.
Under C. oblongifolium insert : — Boland. Cat. 6.

2. Under Dianthus Armertia dele D. Carolinana, Walter, &e. (which is Dodeca-

theon Meadia).
After D. armerioides insert : — Alocion armerioides. Raf. Autikon Bot. 29.

3. Under Lepigonum macrothecum & medium insert :— Brew. & Wats.

Sots alite demise

Under LL. rubrum insert: —See syn. in Muell. Pl. Indig. Vict. 1. 207, undcr
Spergularia. :

Under Leeflingia squarrosa insert: — Brew. & Wats. Bot. Calif. 1. 72.
Under Lychnis affinis, alpina, apetala & var., insert: — Watson, Proc. Am.
Acad. 12. 246 & 247.

5. Under Polycarpon depressum & TETRAPHYLLUM insert:— Brew. & Wats.

Bots @aliieela ilk
Under Sagina apetala & procumbens insert: —Muell. 1 ec. 208 & 209.
Under S. Linnei & occidentalis insert: — Brew. & Wats. 1 ec. 70.

Under Silene antirrhina insert: — Watson, Proce. Am. Acad. 10. 540 & 11.

113. Brandegee, Fl. S. W. Col. 233. Brew. & Wats. Bot. Calif. 1. 65. \
Ebrazis virgata. Raf. Autikon Bot. 29.

Insert S. Grayi. Watson, Proc. Am. Acad. 15.—.

Under S. laciniata insert :— Poir. Dict. 7.184. Persoon, 1. 498. Watson,

1. c. 10. 841, excl. var. Californica. Brew. & Wats. 1. c. 64. Garden, 11. 12.

Under Var. Greggii insert: — Watson, l. c.

Under S. Lemmoni & Lyallii insert: — Brew. & Wats. 1. c.

Under S. Menziesii insert: — Watson, l.c. Brew. & Wats. 1. ¢.

After S. nocrurna insert: —? S. furcata. Raf. Autikon Bot. 28.

Under S. occidentalis insert: — Brew. & Wats. 1 c. 64.

ADDITIONS AND CORRECTIONS. 455
Page
109. S. Oregana. Watson, 1. c. 10. 343. Brew. & Wats. 1. c. 65.
S. Palmeri. Watson, l. c. 11. 124. Brew. & Wats. l. e.
S. pectinata. Watson, |. c. 10. 344. Brew. & Wats. l. e.
Under’ S. Scouleri insert : — Watson, l. c. 10. 342. Brew. & Wats. l. c. 66.
S. Spaldingii. Watson, 1. c. 10. 344. Brew. & Wats. Ll. c.
110. Under Cucubalus stellatus insert: — Barton, Elem. Bot. t. 17, £3. Barton f.
Comp. Fl. Phil. 1. 211. James, Long’s Exp. 1. 317.
Insert S. Thurberi. Watson, Proc. Am. Acad. 10. 343.

; Under S. verecunda insert :—Brew. & Wats. 1. ec. 65.
S. Niewensis. Cham. & Schlecht. in Linnea, 1. 41.
S. Drummondii. Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 191, in part. Hook. & Arn. Bot.
Beechey, 155. Torrey, Pac. R. Rep. 4. 69, in part. Boland. Cat. 6.
Elisanthe Chamissonis. Ruprecht, Fl. Caue. 1. 201.
S. Engelmanni, var. Behrii. Rohrb. in Linn. 36. 264.

Under S. Wrightii insert: — Watson, Proc. Am. Acad. 10. 341.
Under Cross-references insert :

S. rubicunda; Pennsylvanica.
2; laciniata, Lychnis Californica.

a eae o> Le,

. ia.

Under Spergula arvensis insert :— Brew. & Wats. Bot. Calif. 1. 71.
111. Under Stellaria borealis insert: —Brew. & Wats. 1. c. 68.

Under S. humifusa insert :— Greville, Mem. Soc. Wern. 3. 429.
112. Under S. Jamesii & longipes insert :— Brew. & Wats. 1. ¢.

After S. longipes insert: —? S. graminea. Greville, Mem. Soc. Wern. 3. 429.
115. Under S. mepta insert : — Brew. & Wats. Bot. Calif. 1. 67.

After Alsine media insert :
2 Polycarpon uniflorum. Walter, 83. Poir. Dict. 5. 482.

Under S. nitens insert :— Watson, l. ec. 11.113. Brew. & Wats. 1. c. 67.
114. Under S. gracilis insert: — Macoun & Gibson, Trans. Edinb. 12. 318.
Under S. umbellata insert :— Brew. & Wats. 1. ¢.

PARONYCHIEA.

Under Achyronychia Cooperi insert :—Brew. & Wats. 1. ¢. 73.
Under Anychia dichotoma insert : — Redfield, Torr. Bull. 6. 61.
115. Under Pentaczena ramosissima insert :— Brew. & Wats. Bot. Calif. 1. 72.

Under P. polycnemoides insert : — Griseb. Pl. Lorentz. 30.

PORTULACACE.

117. Under Calyptridium monandrum & roseum insert :— Brew. & Wats. Bot.
Calit. 1°77.
Insert Claytonia bulbifera. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 12. 54.
Under C. Chamissonis insert: — Brew. & Wats. l. c. 76.

118. Under C. parvifolia insert: — Brew. & Wats. l. ¢.

456 ADDITIONS AND CORRECTIONS.
Page
118. Under C. perfoliata insert :— Watson, l.c. 11.113. Brew. & Wats. l. c. 75.
Under Var. parviflora insert :— Brew. & Wats. l. c.
Under C. parviflora insert: — Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 12. 54.
119. Under C. Sibirica & umbellata insert :— Brew. & Wats. 1. ec. 76.
Under C. alsinoides & Virginica insert :— Fenzl, Ledeb. Fl. Ross. 2
Insert C. triphylla. Watson, 1. c. 10. 345. Brew. & Wats. 1. c. 77.
- 120. Under Lewisia rediviva insert: —Brew. & Wats. Bot. Calif. 1.7

Under Montia fontana insert: — Brew. & Wats. 1. c. 77.
Under Portulaca oLteracea & pilosa insert :— Brew. & Wats. |. c. 74.

121. Under P. retusa insert : — Brandegee, Fl. S. W. Col. 233. Brew. & Wats. 1.c.
Under Spraguea paniculata & umbellata insert : — Brew. & Wats. l. e. 78.
Under Talinum spinescens insert :— Brew. & Wats. Bot. Calif. 1. 74.

Under Phemeranthus teretifolius insert : — Raf. Med. Rep. 5. 351; Desy. Journ.
Bot. 2. 167.

TAMARISCINEA.

Under Fouquiera formosa insert: — Don, Mill. 3.70. Brew. & Wats. Bot.
Calif. 1. 79.

122. Under F. spinosa & splendens insert: — Brew. & Wats. 1. ¢.
Insert TAMARIX Gatiica, Linn. Joor, Torr. Bull. 6. 166.

ELATINEA.

Insert Hlatine brachysperma. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 138. —.
E. Americana. Gray, Hall’s Pl. Texas, 5.
E. Californica. Gray, l.c.

E. triandra. Gray, l. c.
E. Americana. Gray, Proc. Acad. Philad. 1863, 58. .

Under Bergia Texana insert: — Brew. & Wats. 1. c. 80.

HY PERICACE.

123. After Ascyrum Crux-Andrez insert: — Hypericum parviflorum. Salisb.
Prodr. 369.

Dele A. microsepalum.

124. After Hypericum adpressum insert :— H. ——? Barton, Prodr. FI.
Phil. 74.

Under H. anagalloides insert: — Brew. & Wats. Bot. Calif. 1. 81.
125. Under H. concinnum insert :— Brew. & Wats. 1. ec.
27. Under H. Kalmianum insert :— Barton, Elem. Bot. t. 19, f. 2 (f1.).

Insert H. microsepalum. Gray, in herb.
Isophylhun Drummondii. Spach, Ann. Sci. Nat. 2. 5. 367; Hist. Veg. 5. 433.
Ascyrum microsepalum. ‘Torr. & Gray, Fl. 1. 157; Eat. & Wr, 140. Dietr:
4, 1239. Chapman, 39. Wood, Cl.-Book, 247; Bot. & Fl. 48.

ADDITIONS AND CORRECTIONS. 457

Page
8. Transpose H. setosum and Sarothra, with syn., and insert H. Scouleri
from page 126.
129. Under Cross-references insert : — formosum ; Scouleri.
130. After Stuartia pentagyna insert :— Cavanilla florida. Salish. Prodr. 385.
131. Under S. Virginica insert :— Gard. Chron. 2. 8. 433, f. 86.
After S. Malachodendron insert: — S. nobilis. Salish. Prodr. 386.

MALVACEAE.

After Abutilon AvIcENN# insert :— A. mollissimum. Raf. New Flora, 1. 39.
Under A. crispum & Palmeri insert :— Brew. & Wats. Bot. Calif. 1. 87.
After Sida amplexicaulis insert : — Sida gracilis. Salisb. Prodr. 382.

After Sida lignosa insert: — A. decarpum. Raf. New Flora, 1. 40.

Insert A. Newberryi. Watson, Proc. Am. Acad. 11.125. Brew. & Wats. l.e.
Spheralcea incana. Gray, Ives’ Rep. 8.

155. Under Calirrhoe digitata insert: — Thompson, Garden, 12. 69.
After Nuttallia pedata insert : — Sida digitata & pedata. Spreng. Syst. 42. 259.
154. Insert Fugosia heterophylla. Spach, Hist. Veg. 3.397. Hook. Bot. Mag.
t. 4218. Chapman, Coult. Bot. Gazette, 3. 3.
Redoutea heterophylla. Vent. Hort. Cels, t. 11. HBK. Noy. Gen. 5. 295.
DC. Prodr. 1. 457. Spreng. Syst. 3. 309.
Under Gossypium Davidsoni insert: — Brew. & Wats. Bot. Calif. 1. 82.
After Malvaviscus Floridanus insert: — Achania Floridana. Raf. New Flora,
1. 49.
Under Hibiscus Californicus & denudatus insert: — Brew. & Wats. 1. c. 87.

After H. coccineus & syn. insert:
Var. integrifolius. Chapman, Coult. Bot. Gazette, 3. 3.

136. Under Malva poreatis insert: — Watson, l. c. 113. Brew. & Wats. I. ¢. 83.
M. rotundifolia. Wook. & Arn. Bot. Beechey, 326. Boland. Cat. 7.

Insert M. Avcpa, Linn. Gray, Manual, 100.
M. crisps, Linn. Gray, Manual, 99.
. Insert M. parvirrtora, Linn. Chapman, Coult. Bot. Gazette, 3. 2.
38. Under M. exile insert: — Brandegee, Bot. 8. W. Colorado, 234.
Under M. marrubioides & Munroanum insert: — Brew. & Wats. 1. c.
After Sphceralcea Munroana insert : — A. Thurbert. Anderson, Cat. 118.
Insert M. Palmeri. Watson, Proc. Am. Acad. 12. 250.
Under M. spicatum insert :— Chapman, Coult. Bot. Gazette, 3. 2.

140. Insert Pavonia spinirex, Linn. Leggett, Torr. Bull. 5. 27. Chapman,
Coult. Bot. Gazette, 3. 2.

Insert Sida corpiroria, Linn. Chapman, Coult. Bot. Gazette, 3. 2.
Under S. hederacea insert: —Brew. & Wats. Bot. Calif. 1. 86.

142. Under Sidalcea diploscypha, Hartwegi, malachroides & malvzeflora
insert: — Brew. & Wats. Bot. Calif. 1. 84.
After Malva malachrotdes insert: — S. vitifolia. Gray, Proce. Am. Acad. 7. 332.
Boland. Cat. 7.

458
Page
145.
144.

147.

148.
149.

ADDITIONS AND CORRECTIONS.

Under Sphzralcea angustifolia insert: — Brew. & Wats. 1. c. 86.
Under S. Lindheimeri insert :— Brew. & Wats. 1. ec.

Insert S. sulphurea. Watson, Proc. Am. Acad. 11. 115 & 125. Brew. &
Wats. Bot. Calif. 1. 86. (Guadalupe Is.)

URENA Ripesi, Smith? Chapman, Coult. Bot. Gazette, 3. 3.

STERCULIACE.

Under Fremontia Californica insert: — Brew. & Wats. Bot. Calif. 1. 88.
Insert Melochia uirsuTa. Cav. Diss. 6. 323, t. 175, f. 1.
Riedlea hirsuta, DC. Chapman, Coult. Bot. Gazette, 3. 3.

M. serrata. Benth.; Griseb. Fl. Brit. W. Ind. 93.
Riedleia serrata, Vent. Chapman, 1. ec.

TILIACEA.

5. After Tilia glabra insert: — T. latifolia. Salish. Prodr. 367.

After 7. laxiflorg insert: — T. grata. Salish. 1. ¢.

LINACE.

. Under Linum aristatum & digynum insert : — Brew. & Wats. 1. ec. 89.

Under L. adenophyllum, Breweri, Californicum, congestum & mi-
cranthum insert: — Brew. & Wats. l. ec. 90.

Under L. perenne insert :— Macoun & Gibson, Trans. Bot. Soc. Edinb. 12.
318. Brew. & Wats. 1. c. 89.

Under L. spergulinum & usiratTissimum insert: — Brew. & Wats. l. c. 90.
Under L. striatum & sulcatum insert :— Macoun & Gibson, l. ec.

ZYGOPHYLLACEA.

Under Fagonia Californica insert: — Brew. & Wats. Bot. Calif. 1. 92.
Under Larrea Mexicana insert: — Brew. & Wats. 1. c.
Under Tribulus grandiflorus & maximus insert :— Brew. & Wats. 1. c. 91.

Insert IT. Californicus. Watson, Proc. Am. Acad. 11.125. Brew. & Wats.
Bot. Calif. 1. 91. (Lower California.)

GERANIACE.
Insert Brodium Borrys, Bertol. Brew. & Wats. Bot. Calif. 1. 95.
Under EB. cicutarium insert : — Watson, Proc. Am. Acad. 11. 108 & 113.

Brew. & Wats. 1. ¢. 94.

. Under BE, macrophyllum & Texanum insert: — Brew. & Wats. lL. c. 95.

Under BE. moscnatem insert :— Watson, l. c. 114. Brew. & Wats. Ll. ¢.
Under Fleerkia proserpinacoides insert :— Brew. & Wats. 1. c.

Under Geranium czespitosum & Carolinianum insert :— Brew. &. Wats.
l. c. 94,

ADDITIONS AND CORRECTIONS. 459

Page
151. Under G. maculatum insert: — Barton, Veg. Mat. Med. 1, t. 13.
Under G. Richardsoni insert: — Brew. & Wats. l. ¢c.
152. Under Impatiens fulva insert: — Tuckerman, Josselyn’s Rarities, 104, fig.

154.

158.

162.

Under Limnanthes Douglasii insert: — Brew. & Wats. 1. ¢.
Under Oxalis Acetosella insert: — Brew. & Wats. l. ec. 96.

3. Under O. corniculata insert: — Muell. Pl. Indig. Vict. 1. 177. Brew. &

Wats. l. c. ;

Under O. pusilla & ambigua insert : — Salisb. Prodr. 322.
Under O. Oregana insert: — Brew. & Wats. 1. ¢.

After O. longiflora insert : — O. pulchella. Salisb. Prodr. 321.

RUTACEA.

Insert CANOTIA holacantha. Torrey, Pac. R. Rep. 4.68. Gray, Ives’
Rep. 15; Proc. Am. Acad. 12. 159. Baillon, Adansonia, 10. 18; Hist. Pl. 6. 7
& 42. Brew. & Wats. Bot. Calif. 1. 190.

Kaberlinia (2) 2 Engelm. in Emory’s Rep. 158, f. 14.
Under Ptelea angustifolia insert: — Brew. & Wats. Bot. Calif. 1. 97.

After P. trifoliata insert :— Amyris elemifera. Linn. Spec. 2 ed. 295, as to
syn. Catesb. & hab. St. Hil. Fam. Nat. 1. 255.
P. viticifolia. Salish. Prodr. 68.

5. Under Thamnosma montanum insert: — Brew. & Wats. Bot. Calif. 1. 97.

Under T. Texanum insert : — Brandegee, Fl. 8. W. Col. 234. Brew. &
Wats. |. c.

. After Xanthoxrylum tricarpum insert : —Kampmania fraxinifolia. Raf. Med.

Rep. 5. 354. Desv. Journ. Bot. 2. 170.

SIMARUBEZ.

Insert SURIANA maritima. Linn. Spec. 284. [DC. Prodr. 2.91. Benth.
Fl. Austral. 1.575. Griseb. Fl. Brit. W. Ind. 58.] Torr. & Gray, FI. 1. 556.
Chapman, 149.

OLACINE.

. Insert SCHQGSPFIA arborescens. Roem. & Schult. Syst. 5. 160, with syn.

| DC. Prodr. 4. 519 & 14. 622. Griseb. Fl. Brit. W. Ind. 310.] Chapman, Coult.
Bot. Gazette, 3. 3.

ILICINE.
Under Tlex vomitoria insert : — Salisb. Prodr. 70. Curtis, Bot. N. Car. 126.

Croom, Cat. Pl. Newbern, 45.
> ’

CELASTRACE.
After Buonymus /at/folius insert : — FE. tristis. Salisb. Prodr. 142.
Under E. occidentalis insert :— Brew. & Wats. Bot. Calif. 1. 98.
Dele Glossopetalon. (To Sapinducec.)

460 ADDITIONS AND CORRECTIONS.

Page
Under Mortonia Greggii insert :— Baillon, Hist. Pl. 6. 7 & 42.
Insert Myginda pallens. Smith, ReesCycl. [DC. Prodr. 2.13. Griseb.
Fl. Brit. W. Ind. 146.] Chapman, Coult. Bot. Gazette, 3. 3.

163. Under Pachystima Myrsinites insert : — Brew. & Wats. Bot. Calif. 1. 99.
Hall, Coult. Bot. Gazette, 2. 86.

RHAMNACE.

Insert Adolphia Californica. Watson, Proc. Am. Acad. 11.126. Brew. & |
Wats. Bot. Calif. 1. 101. |
A. infesta. ‘Torrey, Mex. Bound. 45, in part.

Under A. infesta insert: — Watson, l.c. Brew. & Wats. l. ec.
Under Fhamnus volubilis insert : — Forster, Cat. Pl. N. Am. 27.

164. After Ceanothus trinervus insert : — Forestia thyrioides. Raf. Med. Rep. 5. 351.
Desv. Journ. Bot. 2. 168.
Under C. cordulatus & decumbens insert : — Brew. & Wats. 1. c. 103.

Under C. crassifolius & cuneatus insert: — Watson, Proc. Am. Acad. 11.
114. Brew. & Wats. 1. c. 104.

165. Under C. dentatus & integerrimus insert: — Brew. & Wats. 1. c. 102.

Under C. divaricatus insert : — Gard. Chron. 1848, 528. Brew. & Wats.
1. ec. 108.
Under C. floribundus insert :— Brew. & Wats. 1. ec. 104.
Under C. hirsutus & incanus insert :— Brew. & Wats. 1. c. 103.
Under C. integerrimus insert:
Var. parvifolius. Watson, 1. c. 10. 354. Brew. & Wats. l.c. 102.
166. Under C. papillosus, prostratus & rigidus insert: — Brew. & Wats. 1. c. 104.
Under C. Oreganus insert :— Hall, Coult. Bot. Gazette, 2. 86.
Under C. sorediatus & spinosus insert : — Brew. & Wats. lL. c. 105.
After C. sorediatus insert: —? C. collinus. Dougl.; Knight & West, Fl.
Cab. 1, t.13. Maund, Bot. 1,t.16. Loud. Arb. 4. 2547, fig. 2431.
Under C. thyrsiflorus insert: — Brew. & Wats. 1. c. 102.
167. Under C. Veitchianus insert :— Brew. & Wats. 1. ce. 104.

Under C. velutinus insert: — Brew. & Wats. 1. c¢. 102. Hall, Coult. Bot.
Gazette, 2. 86.

168. Under Microrhamnus ericoides insert: — Brew. & Wats. Bot. Calif. 1. 99.
Referred to Condalia by Baillon, Hist. Pl. 6. 64.

Under Rhamnus alnifolia insert: — Brew. & Wats. I. c. 100.

Under R. Californica insert: — Brandegee, Fl. S. W. Col. 234. Brew. &
Wats. 1. ec. 101.
After Endotropis oleifolia insert: —? Perfonon laurifolium. Raf. Sylv. Tellur. 29.
After Var. tomentella & syn. insert: — Karwinskia Humboldtiana. Watson,
Pl. Wheeler, 7

169. Under R. crocea insert: — Palmer, Am. Naturalist, 8.247. _ Watson, Proc.
Am. Acad. 11. 114. Brew. & Wats. 1. c. 100.
Insert R. Insulus. Kellogg, Proc. Calif. Acad. 2. 20. (Cerros Is.)

oS)

Page
169.

170.

180.

181.

ADDITIONS AND CORRECTIONS. 461

Under R. Purshiana insert: — Brew. & Wats. 1.¢.101. Hall, 1. ec.
Under Zizyphus Parryi insert :— Benth. & Hook. Gen. Pl. 1. 876. Brew. &
Wats. Bot. Calif. 1. 99.

VITACE.

Under Vitis quinquefolia insert : — Benth. & Hook. Gen. Pl. 1. 587.

. After Ampelopsis pinnata insert :— Nekemias bipinnata. Raf. Fl. Tellur. 87.

Under Vitis Arizonica & Californica insert :— Brew. & Wats. l. c. 105.

3. After Cissus Ampelopsis insert: — Ampelopsis cordifolia. Raf. Fl. Tellur. 88.

. Insert V. sicyoides. Benth. & Hook. Gen. Pl. 1. 587, uniting the genera

Vitis & Cissus. See syn. in Griseb. Fl. Brit. W. Ind. 102, as Cissus. — Chap-
man, Coult. Bot. Gazette, 3. 3.
Cissus sicyoides. Linn. Spee. 2 ed. 170.

SAPINDACEA.

Under Acer circinatum insert: — Brew. & Wats. Bot. Calif. 1.107. Hall,
Coult. Bot. Gazette, 2. 85.
A. virgatum. Raf. New Flora, 1. 48.
Under A. glabrum insert :— Brew. & Wats. l. c.
Under A. macrophyllum insert :— Brew. & Wats. 1.c. Hall, 1. ¢.
A. palmatum. Raf. New Flora, 1. 48.

. Under 4isculus Californica insert: — Gard. Chron. 1858, 844. Brew. &

Wats. Bot. Calif. 1.106. Berry, Garden, 12. 204, figs.

. After Pavia rubra insert : — Pavia Americana. St. Hil. Fam. Nat. 2. 152.

Insert GLOSSEPETALON Nevadense. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 11. 75.
Brew. & Wats. Bot. Calif. 1. 109.

G. spinescens. Gray, Pl. Wright. 2. 29,t.12; Pl. Thurb. 299; Proc. Am.
Acad. 11.73. Torrey, Pac. R. Rep. 4.74; Mex. Bound. 47. Walp. Ann.
4.426. Baillon, Hist. Pl. 6.7 & 42. Brandegee, Fl. S. W. Col. 234. Brew. &
Wats. l. ¢.

Under Negundo aceroides insert: —Macoun & Gibson, Trans. Bot. Soc.
Edinb. 12. 319. Brew. & Wats. Bot. Calif. 1. 108.

After N. fraxinifolium insert : — Acer fraxinifolium, trifoliatum & lobatum. Raf.
New Flora, 1. 48.

Under N. Californicum insert : — Brew. & Wats. 1. e.

Insert Sapindus Saponaria. Linn. Spec. 367. [DC. Prodr. 1. 607. Gri-
seb. Fl. Brit. W. Ind. 126.] Chapman, Coult. Bot. Gazette, 3. 3.

After S. falcatus insert : — S. acuminata. Raf. New Flora, 22.
Under Serjania incisa insert: — Walp. Ann. 7.619. Radlkofer, Monog.
Serj. 267.

Serjania ? aff. S. racemose. Gray, Pl. Wright. 1. 58.
Under S. racemosa insert : — Radlkofer, |. c., with syn.
Under Staphylea Bolanderi insert :— Brew. & Wats. Bot. Calif. 1. 108.
Insert S. (7) geniculata. Kellogg, Proc. Calif. Acad. 2. 22. (Cerros Islands.)

oo
oO
bo

Page
181.

182.

184.

195

ADDITIONS AND CORRECTIONS.

ANACARDIACEA.

Under Pistacia Mexicana insert: — Brew. & Wats. Bot. Calif. 1. 109.

Under Rhus diversiloba insert: — Brew. & Wats. Bot. Calif. 1.110. Hall,
Coult. Bot. Gazette, 2. 85.

After R. lobata insert : — R. Toxicodendron, var. Gray, Mem. Am. Acad. 6. 384.

3. Under R. integrifolia insert : — Brew. & Wats. 1. ¢.

Under R. laurina insert : — Watson, Proc. Am. Acad. 11. 114. Brew. &
Wiatss Ic. ar

Under R. Toxicodendron insert:
R. Toxicarium & humile. Salisb. Prodr. 170.

After Toxicodendron vulgare insert : — R. scandens. .Salisb. Prodr. 170.
Insert R. Veatchiana. Kellogg, Proc. Calif. Acad. 2. 24. (Cerros Islands.)
Under Schinus Mo tte insert: — Brew. & Wats. Bot. Calif. 1. 109.

LEGUMINOS.E.

5. Under Acacia Farnesiana insert:— See syn. Benth. in Mart. FI. Bras.

152. 394.

. After Amorpha perforata insert: — A. punctata. Raf. New Flora, 3. 14.
. After Glycine filosa insert: — Savia volubilis Raf. Med. Rep. 5. 355. Desy.

Journ. Bot. 2. 171.
After Cryptolobus Americanus insert : — A. villosa, ciliata, etc. Raf. New Flora,
1. 82 & 83.

Lobomon acutifolium, etc. Raf. New Flora, 1. 84.
Under Apios tuberosa insert:— Barton, Comp. Fl. Phil. 2.82. Tucker-
man, Josselyn’s Rarities, 76. Thurber, Am. Agriculturist, 36. 21. Gray,
same, 36. 22.

After Glycine Apios insert :— Glycine tuberosa. Salisb. Prodr. 335.

. Insert Astragalus allochrous. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 13. —. (Coll.

Palmer, Ariz. 1876, n. 588.)
A. amphioxys. Gray, l. c.

A. succumbens. Gray, Ives’ Rep. to.
_ A. Shortianus, var. (?) minor. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 6.211. Watson,
King’s Rep. 5. 440.

A. cyaneus. Torr. & Gray, Pac. R. Rep. 2. 163. Torrey, Mex. Bound. 56.
Watson, Am. Naturalist, 9. 270, excl. syn.

A. Shortianus. Watson, Pl. Wheeler, 7.

A. artipes. Gray, 1]. c.13.--. (Coll. Palmer, N. Ariz. 1877.)

. After A. collinus & syn. insert:

Var. Californicus. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 12. 54.
Dele A. cyaneus & syn.
A. confertiflorus. Gray, 1.¢.13.—. (Coll. Palmer, 1877, n. 113.)
A. Cusickii. Gray,l ec. (Coll. Cusick, Oregon, 1877.)
A. dispermus. Gray,l.c. (Coll. Palmer, Ariz. 1876.)

Sn Syst Ss Fert ©

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a

ADDITIONS AND CORRECTIONS. 463

Page
193. Under A. flavus insert:
Var. candicans. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 12. 54.
194. Under A. Haydenianus insert : — Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 12. 56.
195. Under A. humillimus insert : — Gray, 1. c. 12. 57.
A. lancearius. Gray, 1.c.13.—. (Coll. Palmer, 1877, n. 114.)
197. Under A. Menziesii insert : — Kellogg, Proc. Calif. Acad. 6. 3.
A. Mokiacensis. Gray,1l.c. (Coll. Palmer, 1877, n. 105.)
198. Insert A. Newberryi. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 12. 55.
A. Chameleuce. Gray, Ives’ Rep. 10, in part. Watson, King’s Rep. 5, 443,
in part.
199. Under A. Pattersoni insert : — Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 12. 55.
200. A. procerus. Gray, l.c.13.—. (Coll. Palmer, 1877, n. 112.)
A. sabulorum. Gray,l.c. (Coll. Palmer, 1877, n. 110.)
A. scaposus. Gray, 1.c. (Coll. Palmer, 1877, n. 109.)
201. Under A. cyaneus insert: — Gray, Pl. Fendl. 54. Walp. Ann. 2. 375.
Under A. subcompressus insert :— Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 12. 56.
A. subcinereus, Gray, 1.c.15.—. (Coll. Palmer, 1877, n. 117.)
A. tetrapterus. Gray,l.c. (Coll. Palmer, 1877, n. 111.)
202. A. triquetrus. Gray,l.c. (Coll. Palmer, N. Ariz. 1877.)
A. ursinus. Gray,l.c. (Coll. Palmer, N. Ariz. 1877.)
A. tricarinatus. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 12. 56.
A. Wardi. Gray, |. c. 55.

207. Insert Cassia ligustrina. Linn. Spec. 378. [Griseb. Fl. Brit. W. Ind. 208.
Benth. Rev. Cass. 534.] Chapman, Coult. Bot. Gazette, 3. 4.

209. After Clitoria calcarigera insert: — Ternatea Virginiana. St. Hil. Fam. Nat.
2. 226.

210. Under Virgilia lutea insert : — Michx. f. Trav. 289.
Insert Crotalaria incana. Linn. Spec. 716. [Cav. Icon. Rar. 4, t. 322.
DC. Prodr. 2. 152. Griseb. Fl. Brit. W. Ind. 180, with syn. Benth. in Mart.
Fl. Bras. 15!. 27, with syn.] Chapman, Coult. Bot. Gazette, 3. 4.
C. maritima. Chapman, |. c.

Under C. pumila insert : — Chapman, I. ec.

211. After Genista angulata insert :— Sarothamnus scoparius, Koch. Lawson, Proc.
Novy. Scot. Instit. 4. 171.
218. Insert Desmodium triflorum. DC. Prodr. 2. 334. Seesyn. in DC. 1. c¢.;

Griseb. Fl. Brit. W. Ind. 186; Benth. in Mart. Fl. Bras. 15!. 95, t. 26. — Chap-
man, Coult. Bot. Gazette, 3. 4.
219. Insert ECASTAPHYLLUM Brownei. Persoon, 2.277. Seesyn. in DC.
Prodr. 2. 420; Benth. in Mart. Fl. Bras. 15!. 228. — Chapman, I. c.
Insert Erythrina Corallodendron. Linn. Spec. 706% [DC. Prodr. 2. 411.
Griseb. Fl. Brit. W. Ind. 199. Benth. 1. c. 174.] Chapman, 1. ¢.
After BE. herbacea insert : — /. humilis. Salisb. Prodr. 555.
. Insert Galactia Cubensis. HBK. Nov. Gen. 6.429. [DC. Prodr. 2. 257.]
Chapman, Coult. Bot. Gazette, 5. 4.
G. spiciformis, var. Chapman, FI. 108.

bo
i)
oO

236.
258.

241.

269.
270.

ADDITIONS AND CORRECTIONS.

. Under J7edysarum alpinum insert : —Glehn, Act. Hort. Petrop. 4. 34.
. After Lespedeza angustifolia insert : — Trifolium alpinum. Forster, Cat. Pl.

N. Am. 48.

3. Under L. striata insert: — Chapman, Coult. Bot. Gazette, 3. 4.
. Insert Lupinus Arizonicus. Watson, Proc. Am. Acad. 12. 250.

L. sparsiflorus. Torrey, Pac. R. Rep. 4. 81, in part.

L. hirsutissimus. Gray, Ives’ Rep. 9.

L.. concinnus, var. (4) Arizonicus. Watson, Rey. Lup. 537. Brew. & Wats.
Bot. Calif. 1. 124.
Dele L. concinnus, var. Arizonicus.
Dele L. micranthus, var. trifidus.
Insert L. trifidus. Torrey; Watson, Proc. Am. Acad. 12. 250.

L. bicolor. Torrey, Pac. R. Rep. 4. 81, in part.

L. micranthus, var. trifidus. Watson, Rey. Lup. 535. Brew. & Wats. 1. e.
123.

. Under Oxytropis Lamberti insert :— Kellogg, Proc. Calif. Acad. 6. 4.
. Under Prosopis juliflora insert : — Benth. in Mart. Fl. Bras. 152, 289,-& syn.

Insert Psoralea castorea. Watson, Proc. Am. Acad. 13. —.

. Insert P. mephitica. Watson, l. c.
. Under Robinia Pseudacacia insert :— Gard. Chron. 2. 6. 748 (vars.).

R. fragilis. Salisb. Prodr. 336.
Var. Decaisneana. Carriere, Rev. Hort. 1863, 151, t. Garden, 9. 36, fig.
Belg. Hort. 1876, 111.

Insert Vicia Reverchoni. Watson, Proc. Am. Acad. 13.—
’

Transpose Anonymos frutescens & Glycine frutescens, and insert :
Kraunhia frutescens. Raf. Med. Rep. 5 355. Desv. Journ. Bot. 2. 171.

ROSACEAE.

. Under Amelanchier alnifolia insert : — Hall, Coult. Bot. Gazette, 2. 87.

After Mespilus nivea insert : — Crategus amena. Salish. Prodr. 357.

After Mespilus arborea insert: — Aronia arborea. Barton, Comp. FI. Phil. 1. 228.

. Dele Canotia holacantha & syn. (To Rutacew.)

. After Mespilus cuncifolia insert : — Crategus calcarigera. Salisb. Prodr. 357.
. Under Cratzegus Douglasii insert: — Hall, Coult. Bot. Gazette, 2. 86.

9 Under C. rivularis insert: — Hall, 1. c. 87.

. Under Dryas Drummondii insert : — Glehn, Act. Hort. Petrop. 4. 39.

After Fragaria vesca, var. Chiloensis, insert: — I’. grossa. Salisb. Prodr. 363.

3. After F. vesca insert: — F’. odora. Salish. Prodr. 363.

Under F. vesca & Virginiana insert : — Tuckerman, Josselyn’s Rarities, 75.

. Under Neillia opulifolia insert : — Hall, Coult. Bot. Gazette, 2. 86.
. Under Nuttallia cerasiformis insert : — Rev. Hort. 1876, 52, fig. (Belg. Hort.

1877, 180). Hall, Coult. Bot. Gazette, 2. 86.

292. Under Malus coronaria insert : — Rev. Hort., Noy. 1877, t.

Crataegus coronaria, Salisb. Prodr. 357.

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292.

295.

300.
303.

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. After Itea Virginica insert :—J. padifolia. Salish. Prodr. 143.
. Under Philadelphus Lewisii insert : — Hall, Coult. Bot. Gazette, 2. 87.

ADDITIONS AND CORRECTIONS. 465

Under Pirus rivularis & sambucifolia insert :— Hall, Ll. c. 2. 87.

After Potentilla arguta insert: — Geum laciniatum. Murr. Comm. Goett.
Se oO, bee

After Var. strigosa insert: — P. strigosa. Pall.; Tratt. Ros. 4. 51.

Insert Prunus Alleghaniensis. Porter, Coult. Bot. Gazette, 2. 85.

After P. Lusitanica insert: — P. nitida. Salish. Prodr. 356.

Under P. demissa insert :— Hall, Coult. Bot. Gazette, 2. 86.

. Under Var. mollis insert : — Hall, 1. c.

. After P. rubra insert: — P. nitida. Salisb. Prodr. 356.

. Under Rosa Californica insert :— Hall, Coult. Bot. Gazette, 2. 86.
. After R. Carolinensis insert: — R. fragrans. Salisb. Prodr. 358.

Under R&. Kamtschatica & gymnocarpa insert ‘— Hall, l. ec.

. Under R. blanda (2) & pisocarpa insert : — Hall, 1. ec.

9

. Under Dalibarda repens insert: — Gray, Am. Journ. Sci. 5. 15. 71, maintain-

ing the genus.

. Under Rubus leucodermis & Nutkanus insert: — Hall, 1. ec. 87.
. After R. odoratus insert :— R. grandifolius. ‘Salisb. Prodr. 364.

Under R. spectabilis & ursinus insert : — Hall, l. ec.

. Under Spireea betulifolia insert : — Hall, Coult. Bot. Gazette, 2. 86.

Under S. corymbosa insert : — Gordon, Garden, 12. 189,

. Under S. Douglasii & var. Menziesii insert : — Hall, |. c.

Under S. Nobleana, Menziesii & ariefolia insert : — Gordon, Garden, 12. 187.
Under S. discolor, var. arizefolia, insert : — Hall, l. ¢c.

. Under S. carpinifolia & tomentosa insert :— Gordon, l. ec.

SAXIFRAGACEA.

23. Insert Bolandra Oregana. Watson, Proc. Am. Acad. 13. —.

. Under Chrysosplenium alternifolium insert: — See syn. in Maxim. Bull.

Acad. Petersb. 25. 341 (Mel. Biol. 9. 761), referring the American form to
var. tetrandrum, Lund.

Under C. Americanum & glechomeefolium insert : — Maxim. I. c. 765 &
766 (Mel. Biol. 9.345 & 346).

After Forsythia scandens insert: — Decumaria scandens. Salisb. Prodr. 355.

Under Ribes aureum & bracteosum insert : — Hall, 1. ec.

. Under R. divaricatum & Menziesii insert: — Hall, 1. e.
. Under R. sanguineum & viscosissimum insert : — Hall, I. ec.
. Under Saxifraga oppositifolia insert :-— Niven, Garden, 6. 78.

Under S. peltata insert :— Garden, 10. 336, t. (Belg. Hort. 1877, 169).

. Insert Sullivantia Oregana. Watson, Proc. Am. Acad. 13. —.

30

466 ADDITIONS AND CORRECTIONS.

CRASSULACE.

Page
352. Under Sedum stenopetalum insert : — Baker, Gard. Chron. 2. 8. 307.

~

HAMAMELACE.

355. After Liquidambar Styraciflua insert: — L. gummifera. Salisb. Prodr. 393.

MYRTACEA.

359. Under Psidium pyriforme insert: — Chapman, Coult. Bot. Gazette, 3. 5.

MELASTOMACE.

360. Under Rhexia Virginica insert : — Niven, Garden, 11. 294, t. 69.
After R. septemnervia insert : — R. hirsuta. Salisb. Prodr. 365.

861. Under Peplis diandra insert : — Baillon, Hist. Pl. 6. 438.

062. Under Nesza salicifolia insert : — Baillon, 1. c. 429, f£. 394, 395.

ONAGRACEAE.
363. Under Clarkia pulchella insert: — Baillon, 1. c. 464, f. 432, 433 (f1.).

365. Under Epilobium latifolium insert : — Chamenerium latifolium, var. ambiquum.
Lange, Fl. Dan. t. 2901; Bull. Acad. Dan. 1877, 36 & 82.

307. Under Chamenerium angustifolium insert : — Lange, 1. ¢. 386 & 83.
-
2)

368. Under Eulobus Californicus insert: — Referred to nothera by Baillon,
Hist. Pl. 6. 461.

69. Under Gaura Lindheimeri insert :— Baillon, 1. c. 468, f. 440-442.
7

3. Under Jussizea Peruviana insert :
J. macrocarpa, HBK. Chapman, Coult. Bot. Gazette, 5. 5.

374, Under Ludwigia alternifolia insert :— Barton, Elem. Bot. t.10,f.2. St.
Hil. Fam. Nat. 2. 151.

375. Under L. palustris insert :— See syn. in Baillon, Bull. Soc. Par. 1876, 101.
16. Before L. apetala insert: — L. repens. Forster, Cat. Pl. N. Am. 22.
377. Under Cinothera biennis insert : — Baillon, Hist. Pl. 6. 459, f. 427-429.
Insert Ch. ambigua. Watson, Proc. Am. Acad. 15. —.
583. Under GS. micrantha insert : — Baillon, 1. c. 461, f. 431 (fl.).
086. Under CS. speciosa insert : — Baillon, 1. c. 460, f. 430 (f1.).
387. After CH. triloba & syn. insert:
_ Var. (7) parviflora. Watson, Proc. Am. Acad. 12. 251.

LOASACEZ.
089. After Bucnide bartonioides insert :
Mentzelia gronoviefolia, Fisch. & Mey. Ind. Sem. Hort. Petrop. 10. 54.

Under Microsperma bartonioides insert : — Fl. Serres, 5, t. 532. Lem. Jard. FI.
t.15. Regel, Sert. Petrop. 1869, t. 11.
Under Mertzelia Floridana insert : — Chapman, Coult. Bot. Gazette, 3. 5.

ADDITIONS AND CORRECTIONS. 467

PASSIFLORACEA.

Page
392. Under Papaya vulgaris insert : —Chapman, I. ec. 3. 12.

CUCURBITACE.

394. After Sicyos lobatus insert :
Micrampelis echinata. Raf. Med. Rep. 5. 851. Desv. Journ. Bot. 2. 167.

After Elaterium Coulteri & syn. insert :
Echinopepon horridum. Naudin, Ann. Sci. Nat. 5. 6. 19; fide Cogniaux.
Echinocystis Coulteri. Cogniaux, Diag. Cucurb. (Bull. Soc. Belg. 46. 37).

After B. Wrightii insert : — EHchinocystis Wrightii, Cogniaux, 1. e.
Under Lagenaria vULGARIS insert : — Croom, Cat, Pl. Newb. 43.

After Megarrhiza Oregana & syn. insert :
Echinocystis Oregana. Cogniaux, 1. c.

FICOIDE.
410. Insert Cypselea humifusa. Turpin, Ann. Mus. 7. 219, t.121,f.5. Tratt.
Obs. Bot. 2. 41,t. 72. DC. Prodr. 3. 353. Griseb. Fl. Brit. W. Ind. 56. Chap-

man, Coult. Bot. Gazette, 3. 2.
Radiana petiolata. Raf. Specch. 1. 88.

WHOLLY DOUBTFUL SPECIES OMITTED.

Aconitum Nuttallii. Sweet, Hort. Brit. 2 ed. 584. Loud. Hort. Brit. Suppl.
579: Probably never described.
A. pallidum. Nutt.; Loud. Hort. Brit. 482. Torr. & Gray, FI. 1. 34.

Actza pentagyna. Walter, 151.

Hydrastis Caroliniensis. Walter, 156.

Opuntia microcarpa. Engelm. in Emory’s Rep. 157, f. 7.

O. Stanleyi. Engelm. 1. c. f. 9.

O. violacea. Engelm. 1. c. f. 8.

Orimaria filiformis. Raf.; Seringe, Bull. Bot. Soc. Genev. 1830, 218 (Litt.-Ber.
zu Linnea, 1853, 82).

Ranunculus collinus. Beck; Eaton, Manual, 5 ed. 360. Eat. & Wr. 589.

TABLE. -OF, (OF DES,

WITH THE NUMBER OF THEIR GENERA AND SPECIES, WHETHER INDIGENOUS,
NATURALIZED, OR ONLY ADJACENT MEXICAN.

Indigenous. Naturalized. Mexican,
ORDERS. a ———

Genera. Species, ae Species pea Species.
Ranunculacee . . 18 145 2 8 3 2
Dilleniacee . . . 1 2 mee
Calycanthacee. . anil 4 : , : :
Magnoliacez t 11 . as
Anonacez 2 6 ;
Menispermace 3 4 ; ae
Berberidaceze 7 15 iL
Nympheacee . 5 15 :
Sarraceniacez . 2 8 rae . :
Papaveracee . 13 Li 2 5 1 1
Fumariacee . 3 17 1 1 E
Crucifere 37 213 5 28 ; 2
Capparidacez ° 9 25 1 2 :
Resedacee .. . 1 1 1 1 ee 3 i
Cistacez 3 i : ear
Violacee . 2 32 ; 2 1
Canellaceze 1 1 : 3 : Be
isypalee Go 5 6 on if 2 cage 1
Polygalacee . 3 39 : 2
Frankeniacez A 1 2 ies ‘ sie 1
Caryophyllacee . 12 116 3 19 5
Paronychies 5 17 il 1 we | recat
Portulacacee . 9 41 ies 1 nee
Tamariscinee 1 3 1 it
Elatinez 2 4 :
Hypericacez : 3 38 oR 1 es hei
Guttiters: nee Sra filoycde Vecoyoudl esate mUar hae mre mee il 1
‘Ternstroeemiaceze 2 4 i vies retell cock aie aaell acee eee tateant | RoR
Malvacez 17 99 3 14 2 i
Sterculiacese ‘Ole al canal () eal Soa ia
Tiliaceze 2 4 1 eens
Linacese : 1 i 1 : 1 |
Malpighiacee 5 7 : 1 2
Zy gophyllacee . 5 7 il 3
Geraniacez 6 26 : 5 1
Rutacex 6 12 2 2
Simarubeze 6 6 2 i
Burseracese 2 3 1
WIGIENGES 5 gf 5s i 1 ; 1 1
Olacines 2) eeu. 2 2 : 3
Tlicineze 2 14 é c
Celastraces . 7 16 A 5 ‘ j
Rhamnacee. . 12 45 1 1
Vitacee 2 16 ; ;
Sapindacee . 13 31 ar . 3
Anacardiaces 2 2 15 i 1 2
Legumimose. . . 67 685 8 32 it 7

INO 5 5 Go 385 198 Scher 14 Si lntontee 1

TABLE OF ORDERS.

TABLE OF ORDERS, — Continued.

469

Indigenous, Naturalized, Mexican.
ORDERS. =

Genera. | Species. pa Species. eae Species.
Saxifragaceze 25 154 Sok ee 1 ss Se
Crassulacee . 5 34 in 3 ; 1
Droseracee . . 2 8 Gas SEs
Hamamelaceez . 3 3
Haloragese .. . 3 14
Rhizophoracee . 1 1 ae
Combretacez 2 2 il 1
Myrtacee . : 3 S 1
Melastomacee . a 8 See
Lythracez 5 15 1 Se
Onagracee 15 145 1 4
Loasacee .« 5 25 : 2
Turneracee . 1 1 : 5 ‘
Passifloracese 2 8 me 2
Cucurbitacez 12 26 4 8 1
Datiscaceze 1 i ae eee ee
Cactacee . 5 120 i loa 4 16
Ficoidee . . 4 5 1 2 aK
Umbelliferee . 45 168 5 14 1
Avraliacee .. . 2 9 1 1 a:
Cornacee . 3 28 : wae 1

492 2775 43 178 10 85

Total number of Orders ..... - 69
Genera vane pts 545
Species . . . . . . 3038

? ”

” ”

Abacosa, 267, 269.
Abelmoschus, 135.
Abutilon, 131, 457.
Abutilon, 144.
Acacia, 185, 462.
Acacia, 186, 206, 214,
234, 242, 244, 251.
Aczena, 270.
Acer, 174, 461.
Acer, 180, 461.
Acanthonychia, 116.
Achania, 134, 457.
Achlys, 33, 446.
Achyranthes, 115.
Achyronychia, 114,
455.
Acmispon, 227.
Aconitum, 1, 467.
Actza, 2, 467.
Acted, 8, 9, 27.
Adenarium, 97.
Adenola, 373, 374.
Adenostoma, 270.
Adolphia, 163, 460.
Adonis, 3.
Adorium, 426.
A gzopodium, 411.
fschynomene, 186.
Aischynomene, 233,
258.
ZEsculus, 177, 461.
Aathusa, 411.

Asthusa, £12, 413, 419.»

Afurca, 170.

Aguassizia, 380.

Aguastiunis, 259.

Agati, 258.

Ayeria, 158, 160.

Agrimonia, 271.

Agrostemm«a, 104, 105,
108.

Albizzia, 186.

Alchemilla, 271.

Algarobia, 252.

Alocion, 454.

Alsine, 94-99, 113,
114, 454.

Althiea, 132.

Althea, 141.

Alyssum, 47, 448.

Alyssum, 60, 61, 74,
75

Amelanchier,
464
Amelanchier,
Ameton, 317.
Ammannia, 360.

INDEX

TO ORDERS AND GENERA.

Ammannia, 361.
Amini, 411.

Ammi, 412, 420.
Ammoselinum, 413.
Amoreuxia, 89, 453.

| Amorpha, 187, 462.

Amphicarpxa, 188,
462.
Ampelopsis, 170.
Ampelopsis, 172, 173,
461.
Amygdalus, 305.
Amyris, 156.
Amyris, 459.
Anacampseros, 352.
ANACARDIACE, 181,
462.
Androphylax, 32.
Anemone, 3, 443.
Anemone, 12, 25.
Angelica, 411.
Angelica, 413, 414,
425, 430.
Anhelonium, 396.
Anisolotus, 228.
Annona, 31.
Anoda, 132.
Anogra, 377.
Anona, 32, 446.
ANONACE®, 31, 446.
Anonymos, 189, 210,
211, 247, 270, 362.
Anopodophyllum, 36.
Anthomeles, 275, 276,
278, 279.
Anthyllis, 228.
Antiphylla, 343.
Anychia, 114, 455.
Anychia, 115.
Uphanes 271.
Aphiragmus, 51.
Apiastrum, 412.
Apios, 189, 462.
Apios, 270.
Apium, 412.
Apium, 452, 433.
Apodanthera, 393.
Aquilegia, 6, 443.
Arabis, 47, 448.
Arabis, 53, 54, 59, 70,
73, 448.
Arachis, 259.
Aralia, 435.
Aralia, 437.
ARALIACEA, 435.
Archangelica, 413.
Archangelica, 411.

Archemora, 414.
Arctomecon, 40, 447.
Arcyphyllum, 256.
Arenaria, 94, 454.
Arenaria, 103, 104,
106, 111, 114.
Argemone, 40,447.
Arinemia, 159.
Arkezostis, 396.
Armeniaca, 308.
Armoracia, 65, 66.
Aronia, 272, 273, 287,
291, 292, 464.
Arracacia, 419.
Asagrea, 218.
Ascyrum, 122, 456.
Ascyrum, 127, 128,
456.
Asimina, 31.
Aspicarpa, 148.
Astilbe, 323.
Astragalus, 189, 462.
Astragalus, 245, 246,
259.
Astrophia, 229.
Astrophyllum, 154.
Atenia, 416.
Atalanta, 451.
Atamisquea, 76, 451.
Athamanta, 432.
Atragene, 9, 11, 444.
Atrema, 415.
Aulaxia, 341.
Ayenia, 144.

Babiron, 412, 419.
Balsamona, 361.
Baptisia, 203.
Baptisia, 261.
3arbarea, 50, 448.
Bartonia, 389-391.
Batrachium, 17.
Bauhinia, 205.
Baumannia, 377, 384.
Baumgartia, 32.
Beloere, 131.
Benthamidia, 439.
BERBERIDACE, 33,
446.
Berberis, 33, 446.
| Berchemia, 163.
Bergella, 122.
Berula, 415.
Berula, 414.
Betula, 181.
Bicuculla, 44.
Bifora, 415.

Biscutella, 51, 449.
Biscutella, 68.
BIXINE&, 89.
Blennoderma, 386.
Blondia, 323, 349.
Boisduvalia, 362. .
Bolandra, 323, 465.
Boottia, 294.
Botrophis, 9.
Bowlesia, 415.
Boykinia, 323.
Boykinia, 344, 360.
Brachylobus, 67.
Bradburia, 209.
Brasenia, 36, 446.
Brassica, 51, 449.
Brassica, 72.
Brathydium, 125, 126,
128, 129.
Brathys, 124-127, 129.
Braya, 51.
Brewerina, 95.
Bronnia, 122.
Broussonetia, 259.
Bryonia, 395, 396.
Bulbocapnos, 45.
Bumelia, 304.
Bunias, 52, 449.
Bupleurum, 415.
Bursera, 157.
BuRSERACE&, 156.
Burshia, 356.
Byrsonima, 148.

Cabomba, 36.
Cabomba, 150, 447.
CACTACE, 396.
Cactus, 396, 403-410.
Ceesalpinia, 205.
Cakile, 52, 449.
Calandrinia, 116.
Calliandra, 206.
Callirrhoe, 132, 457.
Callirrhoe, 143.
Callitriche, 361.
Calobotrya, 336.
Calothyrsus, 177.
Caltha, 7, 444.
CALYCANTHACE,
28.
Calycanthus, 28.
Calycocarpum, 32.
Calylophis, 385.
Calyptranthes, 358.
Calvptridium,117,455.
Camelina, 52.
Camelina, 66.

472

Canavalia, 206.
Canbya, 447.
Canella, 88.
CANELLACE, 88.
Canotia, 459.
Cantua, 122.
Capnoides, 44, 45.
Capnorchis, 46.
CAPPARIDACES,
451.
Capparis, 76.
Capsella, 52, 449.
Cardamine, 52, 449.
Cardamine, 49, 56, 57,
64, 67, 69.
Cardiolepis, 169.
Cardiospermum, 179.
Carica, 392.
Carpenteria, 324,
Carum, 415.
Carum, 434.
CARYOPHYLLACE,
94, 454.
Carijophyllata, 283,
286.
Casparea, 205.
Cassia, 206, 463.
Cassine, 157, 158.
Castalia, 38.
Castela, 156.
Caucalis, 416.
Caucalis, 431, 432.
Caulanthus, 55, 449.
Caulophyllum, 35,
446.
Cavanilla, 457.
Ceanothus, 163, 460.
Ceanothus, 163, 167,
170.
CELASTRACE#, 161,
459.
Celastrus, 161.
Centrosema, 208, 463.
Cerastium, 99, 454.
Cerasus, 274, 303-308.
Cercidium, 247.
Cercis, 209.
Cercocarpus, 274.
Cereus, 396.
Cereus, 409.
Cerophyllum, 382.
Ceyallia, 389.
Cherophyllum, 416.
Cherophyllum, 418,
427, 431, 436.
Chietocalyx, 209.
Chamebatia, 274.
Chamebatia, 321.
Chamenerium, 367,
466. .
Chamerhodos, 274.
Chapmania, 209.
Chetranthodendron,
144.
Cheiranthus, 55, 449,
Cheiranthus, 63, 73.
Cheirostemon, 144.
Chelidonium, 41.
Chelidonium, 43.
Cherleria, 111.
Chimanthus, 304.
Chondrocarpus, 425.
Chrysa, 12.

76,

INDEX.

Chryseis, 41, 42.
Chrysobalanus, 274.
Chrysobotrya, 3328
Chrysocoptis, 12.
Chrysosplenium, 324,
465.
Chrysostoma, 390.
Cicer, 209.
Cicuta, 416.
Cicuta, 414, 418.
Cicutaria, 416, 417.
Cieca, 392, 393.
Cimicifuga, 8, 444.
Cimicifuga, 27.
Circeea, 363.
Cissampelos, 33.
Cissus, 170-173, 461.
CISTACE&, 78, 452.
Cistus, 78, 79.
Citrus, 154.
Cladrastis, 210, 463.
Clarkia, 363, 466.
Claytonia, 117, 455.
Clematis, 9, 444.
Clematis, 5.
Clematitis, 9.
Cleome, 76, 451.
Cleome, 71, 76-78.
Cleomella, 77, 452.

| Cleomella, 78.

Clitoria, 210.
Clitoria, 208, 209.
Clypeola, 65.
Cneoridium, 156.
Cnidium, 432, 434.
Cocculidium, 32.
Cocculus, 32.
Cochlearia, 55.
Cochlearia, 60, 65, 66,

68.
Celopleurum, 413,
414.
Cogswellia, 428.
Coleogyne, 275.
Colicodendron, 76.
Colletia, 163.
Cologania, 210.
Cologania, 220.
Colubrina, 167.
Colubrina, 163.
Colutea, 190, 258.
Jomaropsis, 317, 323.
Comarum, 299.
COMBRETACEA, 358.
Condalia, 167.
Condalia, 170, 460.
Conioselinum, 425,
426, 432, 433.
Conium, 417.
Conocarpus, 358.
Conocarpus, 358.
Conopodium, 418.
Coptis, 12.
Corchorus, 145.
Coreosma, 333, 336,
337.
Coriandrum, 417.
CorNACE, 437.
Cornus, 437.
Coronopus, 68.
Corydalis, 44, 448.
Corydalis, 44, 46.
Cotinus, 182.

Cotyledon, 349.
Coursetia, 210.
Cowania, 275.
Cracca, 210.
Cracca, 267-269.
Crafordia, 260.
Crantzia, 417.
CRASSULACE®, 349,
465.
Crategus, 275, 464.
Crategus, 272, 273,
287, 291, 464.
Creolobus, 390.
Cristaria, 137.
Cristatella, 77.
Crossosoma, 27, 446.
Crossostigma, 365.
Crotalaria, 210, 463.
Crotalaria, 203, 204.
CRUCIFER®, 47, 448.
Crypta, 122.
Cryptolobus, 189.
Cryptopetalum, 328.
Cryptoteenia, 417.
Cucubalus, 107-110,
455.
Cucullaria, 46.
Cucumis, 393.
Cucumis, 393, 395.
Cucurbita, 393.
Cucurbita, 394.
CUCURBITACE®, 393,
467.
Cuphea, 361.
Cyamus, 37, 38.
Cyclanthera, 393.
Cylactis, 318.
Cylipogon, 211, 213,
247.
Cymbostemon, 29.
Cymopterus, 418.
Cymopterus, 429, 430.
Cynapium, 423, 425.
Cynocardamum, 65.
Cynosciadium, 419.
Cypselea, 467.
Cyrbasium, 77.
Cyrtorhyncha, 21.
Cytisus, 261.

Dalbergia, 258.
Dalea, 211.
Dalea, 194, 247-249.
Dalibarda, 315, 465.
Darlingtonia, 39, 447.
Darlingtonia, 214,
244.
Darwinia, 258.
Datisca, 396.
Datisca, 184.
DATISCACE, 396.
Daubentonia, 258.
Daucosmd, 420.
Daucus, 419.
Daucus, 412, 416.
Decodon, 362.
Decumaria, 3824, 465.
Delphinium, 12, 444.
Dendromecon, 41.
Dentaria, 56, 449.
Dentaria, 449.
Dermasea, 343, 347.

Desmanthus, 214.
Desmanthus, 244.
Desmodium, 215, 463.
Desmodium, 233.
Deweya, 419.
Deweya, 427.
Diallobus, 208.
Diamorpha, 350.
Dianthus, 102, 454.
Dicentra, 45, 448.
Diclytra, 45.
Diconangia, 328.
Didiplis, 361.
Dielytra, 45.
Dileptium, 65.
DILLENIACE, 27,
446.
Dioclea, 219.
Dionwxa, 353.
Diphylleia, 35, 446.
Diplandra, 373.
Diplonyx, 270.
Discanthera, 394.
Discopleura, 420.
Discopleura, 412.
Discovium, 450.
Dispara, 452.
Dithyreea, 51.
Ditremexa, 208.
Dodonza, 179.
Dolichos, 219.
Dolichos, 219, 220,
250, 251, 255, 269.
Draba, 57, 449.
Draba, 638.
Drosera, 353.
DRosERACE®, 353.
Drummondia, 329.
Dryas, 281, 464.
Drymaria, 102.
Dryopetalon, 62.
Dysosmia, 892.

Ebrawis, 454.
Ecastaphyllum, 463.
Echeveria, 350.
Echinocactus, 399.
Echinocactus, 396,
398.
Echinocereus, 396-
399.
Echinocystis, 394,
467.
Echinocystis, 3894, 467.
Echinopanax, 437.
Echinopepon, 467.
Echinopsis, 396, 398.
Edosmia, 416.
Elaphrium, 157.
Elaterium, 394, 467.
Elaterium, 895.
Elatine, 122, 456.
Elatine, 122.
ELATINE®, 122, 456.
Elidurandia, 134. — .
Elisanthe, 105, 107,
109, 455.
Ellimia, 78.
Elodes, 123.
Elodea, 123,124.
Emetila, 158.
Endrotropis, 168.

Dermatophyllum, 259. | Enemion, 15.

Ennepta, 159.
Entasikon, 422, 435.
Epicostorus, 230.
Epilobium, 364, 466.
Epimedium, 36.
Erigenia, 420.
Eriogynia, 322. '
Erodium, 149, 458.
Erophila, 62.
Ervum, 219.
Ervum, 198, 220, 221,
268, 269.
Eryngium, 420.
Erysimum, 62, 449.
Evrysimum, 5d, 69,
450.
Erythrina, 219, 463.
’ Eschscholtzia, 41.
Eucapnos, 46.
Eucharidium, 367.
Euenide, 389, 466.
Eugenia, 358.
Eulobus, 368, 466.
Eulophus, 422.
Eulophus, 427, 430.
Euonymoides, 161.
Euonymus, 161, 459.
Euryanthe, 8).
Euryptera, 428.
Eurytenia, 422.
Eutrema, 63.
Eutrema, 56, 67.
Evaiezoa, 338, 339,
341-345.
Exothea, 180.
Eysenhardtia, 220.

Fagara, 155, 156.
Fagonia, 148, 458.
Falcaria, 433.
Falcata, 189.
Fallugia, 282.
Fatsia, 437.
Fendlera, 324.
Ferula, 423.
Ferula, 414, 418, 425,
428, 429, 431.
FicowweE, 410, 467.
Flacourtia, 89.
Fleerkea, 150.
Flerkea, 152, 458.
Flundula, 225.
Forestia, 460.
orsythia, 324.
Fothergilla, 354.
Fouquiera, 121, 456.
Fragaria, 282, 464.
Frangula, 168, 169.
Frankenia, 93, 453.
FRANKENIACEE, 93,
453. -
Franklinia, 130.
Fremontia, 144, 458.
Fugosia, 134, 457.
Fumaria, 46.
Fumaria, 44-46.
FUMARIACE, 44,
448.

Gaissenia, 446.
Galactia, 220, 463.
Galega, 259, 260.
Galphimia, 148.

INDEX.

Garrya, 441.
Gatesia, 248.
Gaura, 368, 466.
Gaurd, 373, 381, 388.
Gauropsis, 363.
Gayophytum, 370.
Gayophytum, 363.
Genista, 221.
Genista, 211.
GERANIACE®, 149,
458.
Geranium, 150, 458.
Geum, 283.
Geum, 275, 282, 294,
465.
Gillenia, 286.
Ginseng, 436, 437.
Girtanneria, 168.
Glaucium, 447.
Gleditschia, 221,
Glehnia,. 430.
Glossopetalon, 461.
Glottidium, 258.
Glyceria, 425.
Glycine, 189, 221, 222,
250, 255, 256, 270,
462.
Glycosma, 423.
Glyeyrrhiza, 222.
Godetia, 370.
Gordonia, 130.
Gossypium, 134, 457.
Gouania, 168.
Greggia, 64.
Greggia, 275.
Greniera, 95, 454.
Grimaldia, 207.
Grossularia, 332, 333,
335, 336.
Guiacum, 149.
Guiacum, 149.
Guilandina, 205, 223.
GUTTIFER&, 130.
Gymnocladus, 222.
Gynandropsis, 77.

Halianthus, 97.
Hallia, 232-234.
HALORAGE®, 356.
Haloscias, 426.
HAMAMELACE&, 304,
466.
Hamamelis, 355.
Hamamelis, 354, 355.
Hartmannia, 384.
Hedera, 437.
Hedera, 170, 171.
Hedysarum, 225, 464.

Hedysarum, 215-219, |

221, 232-234, 270.
Heimia, 362.
Helianthemum, 78,

452.

Helleborus, 14.
Helleborus, 12.
Helosciadium, 412,

413, 415, 453.
Hemieva, 324, 344.
Hepatica, 4, 443.
Heracleum, 423.
Hermannia, 144.
Herniaria, 116.
Hesperis, 64.

Hesperis, 55, 63, 73.
Heterocarpea, 220.
Heterogaura, 373.
Heteromeles, 287.
Heteromeris, 79.
Heuchera, 324.
Heuchera, 348, 349.
Hexameria, 394.
Hexaphoma, 342.
Hibiscus, 134, 457.
Hibiscus, 136, 139.
Hierophyllus, 158.
Hippuris, 356.
Hira, 148.
Hirculus, 341, 342.
Hoffmanseggia, 224.
Holacantha, 156,
Holosteum, 103.
Holosteum, 113
Holostigma, 378, 380.
Homalobus, 190-192,
195, 198.
Honkenya, 97.
Hoopesia, 185, 247.
Horkelia, 287.
Horkelia, 288.
Horsfieldia, 437.
Hosackia, 224.
Hoteia, 323.
Hudsonia, 79.
Hunnemannia, 42.
Hutchinsia, 70.
Hybanthus, 81.
Hydrangea, 327.
Ilydrastis, 14, 467.
Hydrastis, 27.
Hydrocotyle, 424.
Hydrocotyle, 417,
420.
Hydropeltis, 36, 446.
Hymenolobus, 52.
Hypelate, 180.
HyPERICACES,
456.
Hypericum, 124, 456.
Hypericum, 122, 124,
130, 456.
Hypobrichia, 361.

122

“4,

Theris, 51.
Idria, 122.
Tlex, 157, 459.
Ilex, 161, 163.
ILICINE®, 157, 459.
Tllecebrum, 118.
Illicium, 28.
Impatiens, 152, 459.
Imperatoria, 413, 429.
Indigofera, 228.
Indigofera, 224.
Ingenhouzia, 136.
lodanthus, 73.
Ionidium, 81.
Isexine, 451.
Isnardia, 373, 374-
376.
Isomeris, 77, 452.
Tsophyllum, 456.
Isopyrum, 14, 144.
Itea, 327, 465. °*
Ivesia, 288.
Ivesia, 288.

473

Jacksonia, 452.
Jamesia, 328.
Janusia, 148.
Jeffersonia, 35, 446.
Jussiza, 373, 466.
Jussiea, 375, 382.

Kallstremia, 149.
Kampmania, 459.
Karwinskia, 168.
Karwinskia, 460.
Kentrophyta, 195.
Keraskomion, 416.
Kneiffia, 381-384,
Koeberlinia, 156.
Kaberlinia, 459.
Kosteletzkya, 136.
Krameria, 89, 453.
Kraunhia, 464.

Lablab, 221.
Lacathea, 130.
Lagenaria, 394, 467.
Laguneularia, 358.
Larbrea, 114.
Larrea, 149, 458.
Laserpitium, 432.
Lathyrus, 229.
Lathyrus, 205, 267,
268.
Laurocerasus, 304,
B05.
Lavatera, 136.
Lavauxia, 387.
Leavenworthia, 64.
Lechea, 80, 452.
Lechea, 78.
Lechidium, 80.
LEGUMINOS&, 185,
462.
Leontice, 33, 35.
Leontopetalon, 35.
Lepidium, 64, 449.
Lepigonum, 103, 454.
Leptarrhena, 328.
Leptarrhena, 344,
Leptasea, 346.
Leptaxis, 349.
Leptocarpa, 304.
Leptocaulis, 412, 413.
Leptoglottis, 258.
Leptotenia, 423, 429.

_Leptrina, 122.

Lepuropetalon, 328.
Lespedeza, 232, 464.
Lespedeza, 216, 255.
Leucena, 254.
Lewisia, 120, 456.
Ligusticum, 425.
Ligusticum, 412-414,
420, 432, 434.
Limnanthemum, 36.
Limnanthes, 152, 459.
Limnia, 118, 119.
LINACE®, 146, 458.
Linum, 146, 458.
Linum, 79, 80.
Liquidambar, 355,
466.
Liquiritia, 222.
Liriodendron, 29.
Lithophragma, 348.
Lithrea, 183.

474

Loasace™®, 389, 466.
Lobaria, 341.
Lobimon, 462.
Leetlingia, 104, 454.
Leflingia, 116.
Lomatium, 428.
Lophion, 82.

Lotus, 225-228.
Ludwigia, 374, 466.
Ludwigia, 373.
Luetkea, 322.
Luttfa, 394.
Lupinaster, 264.
Lupinus, 234, 464.
Lychnis, 104, 454.
Lychnis, 108.
Lyrocarpa, 65, 450.
Lysiloma, 242.
Ly?THRrACcE®, 360.
Lythrum, 361.
Lythrum, 361, 362.

Muacropodium, 72.
Mucrothyrsus. 179.
AMacrotys, 9, 444.
Magnolia, 29.
MAGAOLIACE&, 28.
Mahonia, 33, 34.
Malachodendron, 130.
Malachra, 136.
AMalope, 139.
Malpighia, 148.
Malpighia, 148.
MALPIGHIACE™®, 148,
Malus, 291, 22, 464.
Malva, 136, 457.
Malva, 132-184, 136-
140, 142-144.
MALVACE#, 131, 457.
Malvastrum, 137.
Malvastrum, 140, 143,
144.
Malvaviscus, 139.
Matlvaviscus, 134.
Mamillaria, 402.
Mamillaria, 396, 398,
400.
Manteia, 314, 317.
Marah, 394.
Marathrum, 426.
Marcorella, 167.
Martia, 123, 124.
Matthiola, 67.
Maytenus, 162.
Meconella, 43.
Meconopsis, 42.
Meconopsis, 44.
Medicago, 242.
Medicago, 233.
Megapterium, 383.
Megarrhiza, 394, 467.
Melandrium, 104,
105, 107-110.
MELASTOMACE®,
359, 466.
Melia, 157.
MELIACE®, 157.
Melicocea, 180.
Melilobus, 222.
Melilotus, 243.
Melilotus, 254.
Melocactus, 401.
Melochia, 144, 458.

INDEX.

Melothria, 395.
Melothria, 394.
Menandra, 452.
MENISPERMACE#,
32, 446.
Menispermum, 32,
446.
Menispermum, 32.
Mentzelia, 389, 466.
Mentzclia, 389, 466.
Menyanthes, 36.
Merckia, 97.
Merimea, 122.
Merioliz, 385.
Mesembryanthemum,
410.
Mesodiscus, 418.
Mespilus, 272, 273,
275-280, 287, 290,
291.
Michauzia, 130.
Micrampelis, 467.
Micranthes, 344.
Micropetalon, 96, 111,
LID:
Microrhamnus, 168,
460.
Microsperma, 389,
466.
Mimosa, 243.
Mimosa, 185, 214, 244,
251, 257. 258.
Mitella, 328.
Mitella, 348.
Mitellopsis, 329.
Modiola, 139.
Mehringia, 96, 97.
Menchia, 101.
Mollugo, 410.
Mollugo, 411.
Momordica, 395.
Momordica, 394.
Monnina, 89.
Montia, 120, 456.
Mortonia, 162, 460.
Musenium, 426.
Musenium, 416, 428.
Myagrum, 75.
Myginda, 162, 460.
Myginda, 163.
Myosurus, 15, 444.
Myriandra. 126-128.
Myriophyllum, 356.
Myriophyllum, 357,
391

Myrrhis, 416, 418,
423, 427.
Myrrace4, 358, 466.

Napea, 139.
Napea, 141.
Nasturtium, 65, 450.
Nasturtium, 53, 67, 69,
451.
Neckeria, 44,45.
Nectris, 36, 150.
Negundo, 180, 461.
Negundium, 180.
Neillia, 28), 464.
Nekemias, 461.
Nelumbium, 36, 447.
Nelumbo, 37, 447.

| Nemopanthes, 160.

Nemopanthes, 157.
Neptunia, 244.
Neswa, 362, 466.
Neuroloma, 67.
Neurophyllum, 415.
Neurosperma, 395.
Neviusia, 289.
Nictitella, 207.
Nissolia, 209.
Noisettia, 81.
Nuphar, 37, 447.
Nuttallia, 289, 464.
Nuttallia, 133, 138,
143, 161.
Nymphiea, 38, 447.
Nymphea, 37, 38.
NYMPH#ACE, 36,
446.
Nyssa, 441.

Odostemon, 34.
(Enauthe, 426.
Qnanthe, 414, 435.
Gnoplia, 163.
(Enothera, 377, 466.
nothera, 362, 363,
370-373, 466.
OLACINE4, 157, 459.
Oligomeris, 78.
Olneya, 244.
Omonoia, 41.
Onagra, 378, 881, 385.
ONAGRACE, 362,
466.
Onlopanax, 437.
Opsianthes, 364.
Opuntia, 405, 467.
Orchidocarpum, 31,
32.
Oreas, 51.
Oreophila, 158, 163.
Oreosciadium, 427.
Oreotrys, 325.
Oreoxys, 418.
Orimaria, 467.
Orobium, 51.
Orobus, 198, 199, 229-
231, 267, 268.
Orogenia, 427.
Osmorrhiza, 427.
Osmorhiza, 416-423.
Oxalis, 152, 459.
Oxypolis, 414, 435.
Oxystylis, 77, 452.
Oxytropis, 245, 464.
Oxytropis, 200.
Ozomelis, 329.

Pachiloma, 431.
Pachylophis, 379.
Pachypodium, 72, 73.
Pachystima, 163, 460.
Padus, 303, 304, 307,
308.
Preonia, 15.
Paliurus, 170.
Panax, 436, 437.
Papaver, 42, 447.
PAPAVERACE®, 40,
447.
Papaya, 392, 466.
Paritium, 135.
Parkinsonia, 247.

Parnassia, 329.
Paronychia, 115.
Paronychia, 115, 116.
PARONYCHIE, 114,
455.
Parrya, 67, 450.
Parryella, 247.
Passiflora, 392.
PASSIFLORACE®,392,
466.
Pastinaca, 427.
Pastinaca, 414, 428,
429.
Patrinia, 259.
Paullinia, 180.
Pavia, 177-179, 461.
Payonia, 139, 457.
Pavonia, 136, 139.
Pectiantia, 329.
Peganium, 154.
Pentacwna, 116, 455.
Pentaphk yllum. 264.
Penthorum, 350.
Peplis, 122, 361, 376,
466.
Peraphyllum, 290.
Perfonon, 167, 460.
Pericla, 451.
Peritoma, 76, 77.
Persea, 275.
Petulanthera, 389.
Petalonyx, 391.
Petalosteira, 349.
Petalostemon, 247.
Petalostemon, 211.
Peteria, 249.
Peucedanum, 427.
Peucedanum, 415,416,
420, 423, 435.
Phaca, 189-194, 196-
202, 258.
Phenopyrum,
279.
Pheostoma, 363.
Phaiosperma, 431.
Pharnaceum, 410,411.
Phaseolus, 249.
Phaseolus, 189, 255,
256, 270.
Phellandrium, 427.
Phellopterus, 430.
Phemeranthus, 121,
456.
Philadelphus, 330,
465.
Philateria, 121.
Phenicaulis. 55..
Photinia, 287.
Physaria, 68, 450.
Physocarpa, 290.
Pickeringia, 251.
Pilocereus, 398.
Pimpinella, 430.
Piriqueta, 391.
Pirus, 290. 464.
Piscidia, 251.
Piscidia, 258.
Pistacia, 181, 462.
Pisum, 229.
Pitavia. 156.
Pitcheria, 255.
Pithecolobium, 251.
Platypetalum, 51.

276-

Platyspermum, 68,
450.
Platystemon, 43, 447.
Platystigma, 45, 447.
Pleurandra, 368.
Pleurendotria, 348.
Pleurospermum, 413.
Pleurostemon, 368.
Plotzia, 115.
Podalyria, 203-205,
261.
Podolobus, 451.
Podophyllum, 35, 446.
Podophyllum, 35.
Podosciadium, 431.
Polanisia, 77.
Polycarpon, 105, 454.
Polycarpon, 114, 411,
455.
Polygala, 89, 453.
POLYGALACES, 89,
453.
Polytenia, 431.
Pomaria, 224.
Ponista, 338.
Porcelia, 31, 32.
Porliera, 149.
Portulaca, 120, 456.
Portulaca, 411.
PoRTULACACES, 116,
455.
Potamogeton, 357.
Potentilla, 293, 465.
Potentilla, 282, 285,
287-289, 320.
Poteridium, 302.
Poterium, 302.
Prinos, 157, 159-161.
Proserpinaca, 357.
Prosopis, 251, 464.
Prunus, 303, 465.
Pseudacacia, 257.
Pseudopetalon, 155.
Psidium, 359, 466.
Psoralea, 252, 464.
Psoralea, 194, 199,
211-213, 247, 249,
256.
Ptelea, 154, 459.
Ptilimnium, 420.
Prilophyllum, 356.
Pulsatilla, 3, 5, 443.
Purshia, 309.
Pyrus, 272, 273, 276,
390.
Pythagorea, 361, 362.
Pyzxidanthera, 328.

Queria, 114-116.
Quinaria, 170.

Radiana, 467.

Rafinesquia, 225.

Rafnia, 205.

RANUNCULACES, 1,
445.

Ranunculus, 15, 444,
467.

Ranunculus, 8.

Raphanus, 68, 450.

Fapistrum, 449.

Redoutea, 457.

INDEX.

Reseda, 452.
Reseda, 78, 444.

| Resedella, 78.

RHAMNACE, 163,
460.
Rhamnus, 168, 460.
Rhamnus. 163, 164,
167, 168, 170, 460.
Rhexia, 374, 466.
Rhizophora, 358.
RWIZOPHORACEA,
358.
Rhodiola, 351.
Rhus, 181, 462.
Rhynchosia, 25.
Ribes, 331, 465.
Riedleia, 458.
Robertsonia, 341, 344.
Robinia, 256, 464.
Robinia, 258.
Robsonia, 337.
Romneya, 43, 447.
Roripa, 66.
Rosa, 309, 465.
Rosacea, 270.
Roscyna, 128.
Rubus, 314, 465.
Ruta, 155.
Ruracem, 154, 459.
Rutosma, 155.

Sabbatia, 360.
Sageretia, 169.
Sageretia, 169.
Sagina, 105, 454.
Sagina, 101, 111.
Sanguinaria, 43, 447.
Sanguisorba, 302.
Sanicula, 431.
SAPINDACEE, 174,
461.
Sapindus, 180, 461.
Saponaria, 106.
Saponaria, 107.
Sarazina, 447.
Sarcomphalus, 169.
Sarothamnus, 463.
Sarothra, 126-129.
Sarracenia, 39, 447.
SARRACENIACES, 39,
447.
Sataria, 415.
Savia, 462.
Saxifraga, 338, 465.
Saxifraga, 322-324,
328, 348.
SAXIFRAGACES, 323,
465.
Scandia, 416, 418, 427.
Scheefferia, 163.
Schinus, 184, 462.
Schinzonotus, 321.
Schizandra, 31.
Schizocarya, 368, 369.
Scheepfia, 459.
Schrankia, 257.
Scleranthus, 116.
Sculeria, 36.
Scutia, 170.
Sedum, 351, 465.
Sedum, 349, 350.

| Segregatia, 170.

RESEDACES, 78, 452. | Selenia, 68.

Selinum, 432.
Selinwm, 418, 419.
Semetum, 450.
Sempervirum, 352.
Senebiera, 68, 450.
Senega, 93.
Sericodes, 149.
Serjania, 180, 461.
Serjaniu, 180.
Sesbania, 258.
Seseli, 416, 426, 428,
430.
Sesuvium, 411.
Shortia, 47.
Sibbaldia, 320.
Sibbaldia, 274, 287,
288.
Sicydium, 395.
Sicyoides, 395.
Sicyos, 395.
Sicyos, 171, 394.
Sicyosperma, 396.
Sida, 140, 457.
Sida, 131, 132, 137-
139, 142-144, 457.
Sidalcea, 142, 457.
Sidalcea, 143.
Sieversia, 282-285.
Silene, 106, 454.
Silene, 104, 105, 361.
Siliquastrum, 209.
Simaruba, 156.
SIMARUBE.E, 156,459.
Sinapis, 51.
Siphonychia, 116.
Sison, 411-414, 417,
420, 430, 433, 434.
Sisymbrium, 68, 450.
Sisymbrium, 47, 49,
51-53, 55, 63-67,
448.
Sium, 433.
Sium, 412-415, 417,
418, 420, 434, 438.
Siumis, 433.
Smelowskia, 70, 451.
Smelowskia, 69.
Smyrnium, 422, 429,
430, 433, 434.
Solea, 81.
Sophora, 258.
Sophora, 203-205.
Sorbus, 290-292.
Spartium, 211.
Spatularia, 342.
Spergula, 110, 455.
Spergula, 98, 103, 105,
106, 111.
Spergularia, 102-104,
454.
Spergulastrum, 96,
111, 112.
Spermolepis, 412.
Sphenosciadium, 432.
Spheralcea, 145, 458.
Spheralcea, 138, 457.
Spheroma, 143.
Spherostigma, 877-
380, 3882, 383, 386.
Spirea, 320, 465.
Spired, 286, 289, 290,
323.
Spraguea, 121, 456.

475

Stanleya, 71, 451.
Stanleya, 72, 76.
Staphylea, 181, 461.
Staphylodendrum,
181.
Stetranisia, 341, 345.
Stellaria, 110, 455.
Stellaria, 96, 101.
Stenosiphon, 388.
STERCULIACE, 144,
458.
Stipulicida, 114.
Streblanthus, 421.
Streptanthus, 71, 451.
Streptanthus, 47-49,
5d, 72, 73, 451.
Strombocarpa, 251,
252.
Strophostyles, 250.
Stuartia, 130, 457.
Stylipus, 286.
Stylophorum, 43.
Stylosanthes, 259.
Stylosanthes, 254.
Styphnolobium, 258.
Styphonia, 183.
Subularia, 72.
Subularia, 448.
Sullivantia, 347, 465.
Suriana, 459.
Swietenia, 157.
Sympetaleia, 391.
Syndesmon, 25.
Synstima, 157.
Synthlipsis, 72.
Syringa, 331.
Syrmatium, 228.

Talinopsis, 121.
Talinum, 121, 456.
Talinum, 116.
TAMARISCINES, 121,
456.
Tamarix, 456.
Tauschia, 422.
Telesonix, 342.
Tellima, 348.
Tephrosia, 259.
Tephrosia, 220.
Terminalia, 358.
Ternatea, 463.
TERNSTR@MIACE,
130.
Tesota, 244.
Tetrapoma, 66.
Thalictrum, 25, 445.
Thalictrum, 6, 27.
Thamnosma, 155,
459.
Thapsia, 418, 434.
Thaspium, 433.
Thaspium, 417, 425,
426, 429.
Thelypodium, 72, 451.
Thermia, 261.
Thermopsis, 260.
Th erofon, 323.
Thlaspi, 73, 451.
Thlaspi, 52, 54, 65.
Thurberia, 136.
Thylax, 155.
Thyrsanthus, 270.

A476

Thysanocarpus, 73,
451.
Tiarella, 348.
Tiarella, 323, 325,
348, 349.
Tiedemannia, 435.
Tigarea, 309.
Tilia, 145, 458.
TILIACE®, 145, 458.
Tillewa, 352.
Tillea, 350.
Turicta, 419.
Tolmiea, 349.
Tormentilla, 298.
Torreya, 390, 391.
Tvuterea, 390, 391.
Toxicodendron, 183,
184.
Trautvetteria, 27, 445.
Trepocarpus, 435.
Triadenia, 123.
Triadenum, 124.
Trianosperma, 396.
Trianthema, 411.
Tribulus, 149, 458.
Tricerastes, 396.
Triclinium, 431.
Triclisperma, 92.

INDEX.

Trifolium, 261.
Trifolium, 243, 254,
256, 259, 464.
Trigonella, 227.
Trilopus, 355.
Tristemon, 393.
Triumfetta, 145.
Trizis, 357.
Trollius,. 27, 446.
Tropidocarpum, 74,
451.
Tulipastrum, 29.
Turnera, 391.
TURNERACE®, 391.
Turpinia, 181.
Turritis, 47-49, 70,
74.

Ulmaria, 286, 287.
UMBELLIFERA, 411.
Ungnadia, 181.
Upopion, 434.
Uraspermum, 427.
Urena, 458.
Urvillea, 181.
Uvaria, 31, 32.

Vachelia, 185.

Vancouveria, 36.

| Vauquelinia, 323.
Velezia, 94.
Vesicaria, 74, 451.

Vewillaria, 208-210.
Vicia, 267, 464.
Vicia, 230.
Vigna, 269.
Villarsia, 36.
Viola, 81, 452.
Viola, 81.
VIOLACE, 81, 452.
Viorna, 10, 11.
Virgilia, 210, 259,
463.
Viscaria, 104.
ViracEe&, 170, 461.
Viticella, 10.
Vitis, 170, 461.

Vitis, 170, 461.

Wahlbergella, 104,

105.
Waldsteinia, 323.
Walteria, 391.
Waltheria, 144.
Warea, 76.

Vesicaria, 47, 68, 450.

Wendlandia, 32.
Whipplea, 349.
Winterlia, 159.
Wislizenia, 78.
Wissadula, 144.
Wistaria, 270, 464.

Xamacrista, 207.

Xanthorrhiza, 27, 446.

Xanthoxylum, 155,
459.

Xeromalon, 273.

Ximenia, 157.

Xylopleurum, 386.

Xyphanthus, 220.

Yamala, 325.

Zanthyrsis, 259.
Zauschneria, 388.
Zizia, 430, 434, 435.
Zizyphus, 170.
Zizyphus, 163, 170.
Zornia, 270.
Zozimia, 431.
ZY GOPHYLLACES,
148, 458.
Zygophyllum, 149.

ar

SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS.
266

THE TONER LECTURES

INSTITUTED TO ENCOURAGE THE DISCOVERY OF NEW TRUTHS

FOR THE ADVANCEMENT OF MEDICINE.

mere” lk:

ON THE STRUCTURE OF CANCEROUS TUMORS AND THE
MODE IN WHICH ADJACENT PARTS ARE INVADED.

BY

J.J. WOODWARD, ASSISTANT SURGEON, U.S. A.

DELIVERED MARCH 28, 1873.

WASHINGTON :
SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION.
NOVEMBER, 1873.

MDW Eiht ksh ME NE:

Tue ‘Toner Lectures” have been instituted at Washington
by Joseph M. Toner, M.D., who has placed in charge of a Board
of Trustees, of which the Secretary of the Smithsonian Insti-
tution is one, a fund, “‘the interest of which is to be applied
for at least two annual memoirs or essays relative to some
branch of medical science, and containing some new truth
fully established by experiment or observation.”

As these lectures are intended to increase and diffuse knowl-
edge, they have been accepted for publication by the Smith-

sonian Institution in its ‘‘ Miscellaneous Collections.”

JOSEPH HENRY,

Secretary Smithsonian Institution.

SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION.

Washington, November, 1873.

(iii)

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PE CU, UL.

Delivered March 28, 1873,

ry

ON THE STRUCTURE OF CANCEROUS TUMORS, AND THE MANNER

IN WHICH ADJACENT PARTS ARE INVADED.

By J.J. WOODWARD, Assistant Surgeon, U.S.A.

GENTLEMEN :—After much hesitation as to a subject suitable
for such an occasion as this, I determined to invite your atten-
tion to certain considerations with regard to Cancer, a disease
which merits study both because of the considerable mor-
tality it produces —more than six thousand deaths annually in
the United States*— and because of the obscurity which sur-
rounds every question connected with its origin, its nature, and
its successful treatment.

The plan of my discourse is extremely simple. I shall
make no attempt to solve this most difficult of all pathological
problems. The time has not yet come for any one to tell why
cancers originate or how they can be prevented or cured. It
is only within the last eight years that we have begun to
obtain more definite ideas as to the minute anatomy of these
growths, their structural relations to surrounding parts, and
the mode in which they multiply in distant organs. The
purely anatomical questions involved are still so imperfectly
worked out, there is still so much that is unknown, so much
that is uncertain, so much as to which we have contradictory
testimony from sincere investigators, that a wide field is still

open for profitable histological research.
ppp anne CeO 3 ee

2

* Census of 1870, deaths of males, 2,301, females, 5,923, total, 6,224.

31 (1)

2 THE TONER LECTURES.

I propose then, first, to sketch as briefly as possible the
modern progress of our knowledge of the minute anatomy of
cancerous growths, and to indicate some of the most impor-
tant points as to which conflicting views still exist; I shall
next select a few typical specimens from the microscopical col-
lection of the Army Medical Museum, and endeavor to show,
with all modesty, how far the structural details they exhibit
correspond with the results obtained by European histologists ;
where differences are to be noticed I shall not hesitate to point
them out, and I hope to be able to present several significant
matters of detail which have either been entirely overlooked or
not described with the accuracy they deserve. ?

In illustration of my remarks I shall project upon the screen
with an ordinary oxy-calcium lantern some seventy photo-mi-
crographs of the preparations selected for study, by which I
hope to render my descriptions more intelligible. The original
negatives, most of which I made expressly for this lecture,
were taken with various powers from twenty-six to one thou-
sand diameters. The lantern slides, for the sake of sharpness,
are reduced to half the number of diameters in each case, and
will be projected upon the screen with a magnifying power of
fifty diameters.

At the very outset I must bespeak your patience, for though
I shall only attempt to touch upon the salient points of my
theme, and shall always endeavor to be as brief as is consis-
tent with clearness, I fear I shall detain you beyond the usual
period of time allotted to a scientific lecture.

My friend, Dr. Toner, the founder of these lectures, on
learning the subject I had selected, expressed the hope that I
might be able to contribute something which would aid the gen-
eral practitioner in the diagnosis of cancerous from other morbid
growths, and he justly remarked that the present uncertain
condition of the question of diagnosis greatly facilitated the
operations of charlatans by enabling them to report cures of

CANCEROUS TUMORS. 3

cancer in almost every instance in which a non-malignant
growth is removed by their caustic pastes or plasters.

I fully sympathize with the wish thus expressed, but I warn
you at the beginning that you have not much to expect from
me in this direction. The best knowledge of those who know
most of this matter is not yet ripe enough to deal satisfactorily
with the question of prognosis in very many cases, and I take
it that the question of prognosis is involved in the sort of di-
agnosis that the general practitioner wants to make. To this
subject I will briefly recur in the sequel. Meanwhile I beg you
to put all questions of practical application out of your minds,
and join me in considering the subject from the point of view
of medical science, rather than from that of medical or surgi-
cal art.

I begin then by drawing your attention to some of the more
striking features in the general advance of our knowledge of
the structure of cancer, and especially since the year 1865, when
the publication of the work of Thiersch marks an epoch. The
previous history of the subject I will pass over as briefly as
possible. Suffice it to remind you that in the earlier days of
histological investigation the followers of Schwann supposed
cancerous and other tumors to arise by free cell development
in a formless blastema exuded from the blood-vessels. The
causes of the specific characteristics of individual growths
were then naturally sought in the blastemata, and the pecu-
liarities attributed to the blastemata were accounted for by
supposing them to depend on special morbid conditions or
dyscrasiz of the blood.

The great name of Rokitanski, at whose hands it found its
ripest development and most masterly expression, induced the
general acceptance of this hypothesis, and it was long the pre-
vailing doctrine in the schools of Europe and America, in spite
of the circumstance that the most eager and searching inves-

tigations of the physiological chemists utterly failed to discern

4 THE TONER LECTURES.

any actual differences in the composition of the blood which
might serve for such a foundation as the speculation sorely
needed.

Nor was it strange that under the influence of the doctrine
of dyscrasie, the notion should arise that the specialized blas-
temata must express their specific natures by giving birth to
peculiar elementary forms, or that the histologists of the day,
very imperfectly acquainted with the normal structure of the
body, and bewildered by the multiplicity of forms they ob-
served in morbid growths, should too hastily have adopted the
plausible doctrine of specific cancer cells, which more extended
observation speedily rendered quite untenable.

The chief actor in the work of sweeping away these specu-
lative opinions was unquestionably Virchow, to whom modern
medical science owes so much in so many diverse directions.
Virchow found, as any one may still do, in the connective
tissue in the vicinity of cancers and many other morbid
growths, little groups and rows of cells which he supposed to
have been developed out of the normal connective tissue corpus-
cles. Similar heaps and rows were to be observed in the connec-
tive tissue of inflamed organs. The general doctrine was enun-
ciated that the elements of all pathological new formations had
their origin in the multiplication of normal cells, and that the
connective tissue corpuscles were the actual point of departure
in by far the majority of cases. The young cancer elements
were, after all, not anatomically different at first from those of
granulation tissue ; it was in the monstrous development they
subsequently underwent, and the premature retrograde meta-
morphoses by which they were smitten in the midst of their
most luxuriant growth, that the key to the external history of
cancer was to be sought. Against the doctrine of a primary
cancerous dyscrasia, Virchow protested. The origin of the
first growth was always to be looked for in local influences.
Former injuries of one kind or another could be affirmed in a

CANCEROUS TUMORS. 5

large number of cases to have preceded the development of the
disease, and though frequently the patient had lost all recol-
lection of the original harm, yet it was in this direction we
ought to look, rather than seek to explain away the real difficul-
ties by invoking the aid of an imaginary cachexia.

Now that the brilliant superstructure of the cellular pathol-
ogy has been shaken to its very foundation, and so much that
Virchow labored to teach scattered to all the winds, we cannot,
nevertheless, look upon either the man or his works without
admiration and respect. None know better than the very men
who led in the revolt against his doctrines, how carefully he
built them upon the actual facts, so far as at the time they were
in his possession ; and in the presentation of the facts his de-
scriptions were so clear and generally so nature-true that his
works must long remain a mine of wealth to the sincere student.
This is especially the case with his book on tumors,* the crown-
ing monument of his industry and genius—a great work, which
he has not yet finished. The last part published appeared in
1867; there still remained only the subject of cancer, but it
has never been given to the world. During the time which had
elapsed since the work was commenced the way had been paved
for a histological revolution. In consequence of the multipli-
cation of original investigators throughout Europe, and of the
introduction of improved methods of histological research,
new facts were being rapidly accumulated, and very many of
them were in discordance with the cellular pathology. Still,
after all, if ought not to be forgotten that it was two of Vir-
chow’s own assistants who made, in his own pathological lab-
oratory, the brilliant series of discoveries which overthrew the
splendid generalizations of their master. I refer of course to
Von Recklinghausen and Cohnheim. The paper of Cohnheim

on inflammation, published in Virchow’s Archiv in 1867,

* Die Krankhaften Geschwiilste. Berlin, 1863-7.
f{ Ueber Entziindung nnd Eiterung.

6 THE TONER LECTURES.

marks an epoch in the progress of our pathological views as
important as the appearance of the Cellular Pathology.

Two years before the publication of that paper Professor
Carl Thiersch, of Erlangen, published in Leipzig a book on
epithelial cancer,* which is the first of the more recent special
studies to which I wish to invite your attention. Thiersch
investigated particularly cancers of the skin. He cut great
numbers of thin sections and used methods of research which
are still extensively employed in the investigation of morbid
growths. His general conclusion was quite adverse to the
doctrine of Virchow that cancers originate by the multiplica-
tion of the connective tissue corpuscles. So far from this
being the case, in cancers of the skin at least, Thiersch de-
clares that the essence of the morbid process is a cell multi-
plication in the lower soft layers of the epidermis, and in the
epithelium of the glandular appendages of the skin, especially
the sebaceous follicles. The result of this cell multiplication is
the production of cylindrical processes, composed of epithelial
cells, and growing into the adjacent connective tissue which
disappears before them, precisely as happens during the devel-
opment of hair sacs and sebaceous glands in the foetus.

These cancer cylinders branch continually as they grow and
increase at the same time in thickness, so that their actual re-
lations are not easily detected in the older parts of the growth.
At the margins, on the other hand, single small slices, such as
are usually made for microscopical examination, are apt to dis-
play numerous transverse or oblique sections of individual can-
cer cylinders, which have been erroneously interpreted as out-
lying independent foci, and supposed to originate from the
corpuscles of the connective tissue in which they are embedded.
If, on the contrary, large sections are made, and especially if a
number of thin sections, taken one after another, are compared

together, itis easy to recognize that such outlying foci have

* Der Epithelialkrebs. Leipzig, 1865.

CANCEROUS TUMORS. 7

- only apparently a separate existence, and that everywhere the

cancer cylinders stand in direct anatomical connection either
with the principal cancerous growth, or, at its margins, with
the sebaceous glands or the rete-malpighii.

It is true that a certain amount of cell multiplication takes
place in the connective tissue between the cancer cylinders.
It is also true that in many cases the papille of the skin elon-
gate, branch, and form a prominent framework for the luxuri-
ant epithelial growth which takes place upon their surface.
But these morbid processes in the connective tissue are to be
regarded as quite subordinate to the proliferation of the deeper
epithelial layers which produces the cancer cylinders ; and it
must be remarked that while the elements of the cancer cylin-
ders have all the epithelial characteristics which might be
expected from their origin, the progeny of the connective tis-
sue corpuscles is a small-celled brood not unlike what is to be
observed in ordinary granulation tissue.

Thiersch supported his interpretation of the appearances
shown in his sections by an appeal to the history of the devel-
opment of the embryo. The first significant fact after the
primitive segmentation of the ovule is the differentiation of
that part of the surface of the sphere which corresponds to the
future body of the embryo into three distinct layers, a superior,
middle and inferior layer. Now as the history of development
shows that the epithelium of the skin and of all its glands is
derived by direct growth exclusively from the superior or horny
embryonic layer, while the connective tissue is derived exclu-
sively from the middle layer, the idea of the origin of the
epithelial elements of skin cancers from connective tissue
appears so contrary to the laws of normal development that it
ought not to be accepted without the most convincing proof.

Such, in brief outline, were the views of Thiersch. I com-
mend his work to you as a most careful and conscientious study.

Whatever may be thought of his doctrine, his book is full of

8 THE TONER LECTURES.

well observed and accurately recorded facts, and its excellent
atlas contains numerous faithful representations of appearances
which may readily be observed by those who take the pains to
follow his method of preparing sections.

In December, 1867, Professor Waldeyer of Breslau published
in Virchow’s Archiv * an elaborate essay on the development
of carcinoma, in which he endeavored to extend the views of
Thiersch to all other forms of cancer. For Waldeyer there
are no essential differences between the so-called epithelial and
other cancers; all are developed alike by the budding out of
cancer cylinders from some normal epithelial structure. The
cells of the cancer cylinders have everywhere a more or less
pronounced epithelial type, as in fact was pointed out by Vir-
chow as long ago as 1847.+

The particular characteristics presented in any given case
are dependent to a great extent on the characters of the pe-
culiar epithelial structure from which the cancer cylinders have
originated. For example, in the case of cancer of the female
breast, which has so long served as the basis of our general
ideas of cancer, the cylinders sprout from the epithelium of
the ducts and terminal vesicles of the mammary gland, and
bud out into the surrounding connective tissue by a process
of growth which is only a pathological repetition of the proc-
esses by which the gland was first developed; by which it
attains its feminine dimensions at puberty ; and by which it
acquires its temporary increase at each period of lactation.
Coincident with the development and growth of the cancer
cylinders, the small-celled brood makes its appearance in the
intervening connective tissue, but this is by no means the es-
sential or significant part of the process.

Cancers of the stomach originate in like manner from the

glands of the gastric mucous membrane which sprout through

* Virchow’s Archiv, Bd. 41, S. 470. Die Entwicklung der Carcinome.
} Virchow’s Archiv, Bd.1, 8.94, Zur Entwicklungsgeschichte des Krebses.

CANCEROUS TUMORS. 9

the muscle of the mucous membrane into the submucous con-
nective tissue, and thence burrow through the external muscular
layers. Similar views are expressed for cancers of the uterus,
the ovaries and other organs, while the general description of
cancer of the skin, as given by Thiersch, is fully endorsed.

Waldeyer, like Virchow, pronounces against the doctrine of a
primary cancer dyscrasia, which he regards as an utterly unjus-
tifiable assumption, and he explains the multiplication of can-
cerous growths in the internal organs by the transportation of
cancerous emboli—actual, detached fragments of living cancer
cylinders—through the lymphatics or the veins. His paper is
illustrated by several careful figures, evidently drawn from
nature. The author was probably not acquainted with Cohn-
heim’s discoveries, published a few months before. Certainly,
in his account of the origin of the small-celled brood in the
connective tissue between the cancer cylinders, he does not
refer to the possibility that a part at least of the new elements
might be wandering corpuscles.

In 1869 Dr. Karl Koester published at Wurzburg the first
part of a work on the development of carcinoma and sarcoma,*
which next demands attention. Koester signalizes the fact
that when in epithelial cancer of the skin large horizontal
sections are prepared, the cancer cylinders are found to anas-
tomose freely, forming a true net-work, which corresponds in
form to the normal net-work of the lymphatics. By the action
of nitrate of silver on fresh sections he was able to demonstrate
the characteristic endothelium of the lymphatics on the sur-
face of the cylinders in many places, while in others he ob-
tained appearances which led him to believe that the cells of
the cancer cylinders were produced by the multiplication of
these endothelial cells.

The work of Koester, so far as published, was limited to the

*Die Entwicklung der Carcinome und Sarcome, von Dr. Karl Koester. Erste
Abtheilung. Wiirzburg, 1869.

2

10 THE TONER LECTURES.

consideration of epithelial cancer of the skin, and alveolar
colloid of the stomach, but he suggests the view that other
forms of carcinoma and sarcoma have a similar origin. The
consideration of these forms was postponed to subsequent parts
of his work, which have not yet been published.

The opinion of Koester that the cells of the cancer cylinders
are derived from the endothelium of the lymphatics has not
been favorably received by the majority of histologists, and
I believe pretty much every one who has tried the action of
silver in cancer sections after the manner he directs has failed
as yet to reproduce the appearances on which this portion of
his doctrine is based. ‘That the net-work of cancer cylinders
corresponds to the lymphatic passages; that in fact the cyl-
inders, whatever their origin may be, lie in the lymphatics and
extend in them, appears to be more generally accepted, and I
must avow that it is in strict accordance with all I have been
able to observe.

In April, 1870, a paper entitled ‘‘ A Contribution to the His-
tory of the Development of Carcinoma” was published in Vir-
chow’s Archiv * by Dr. A. Classen of Rostock. It was based
on the study of a case of epithelial cancer of the cornea and
sclerotic. It had occurred to the author that the cornea,
which had already offered so excellent a field for the study of
the inflammatory processes, was also especially suited for the
study of the mode in which cancerous growths are developed.
He arrived at conclusions very different from those of his
predecessors. For him the cells of the cancer cylinders, and
indeed all the new elements of cancerous growths, are no other
than migrated white blood corpuscles escaped from the blood-
vessels after the fashion first pointed out by Cohnheim.

He calls attention to the rich development of blood-vessels

around cancerous growths, and to the comparative sluggishness

* Virchow’s Archiv, Bd. 50, 8.56. Ueber ein Cancroid der Cornea und Sclera,
ein Beitrag zur Entwicklungsgeschichte der Carcinome.

CANCEROUS TUMORS. 11

of the circulation in the tortuous veins, which in properly pre-
pared sections are found, as might be expected, to contain
great numbers of white corpuscles. The small-celled brood
first appears in the connective tissue stroma immediately
around the blood-vessels. Between these little lymphoid
cells and the large epithelial forms of the cancer cylinders
every transition can be observed. When we remember the
structure of connective tissue, and the manner in which Von
Recklinghausen has shown its little cavities and passages to
open into the lymphatic capillaries, we shall not be surprised
that it is in these, the nearest available cavities, that the new
elements accumulate and develop into the cancer cylinders ;
for Classen agrees with Koester that the cylinders lie in the
lumen of the lymphatics ; he differs from him only as to the
source of the component cells. As to the assertions of
Thiersch and Waldeyer that the cancer cells are essentially
epithelial elements, and therefore can only be the progeny of
the horny layer of the embryo and of its derivatives, it
appears to him a generalization which the facts do not justify.
*‘T fear,” he cries, ‘‘that in this way we shall attain a cellular
mythology before we shall have a cellular pathology.”

And here I pause fora moment to say, that in the latter part
of the year 1871, my own study of thin sections led me to the
conclusion that the migration of the white corpuscles played a
great role in the development of cancerous growths, aud that,
at least in certain cases, the cancer cylinders were formed by
the transformation of these corpuscles, which first accumulated
in the lymphatic capillaries and the passages leading to them.
In April, 1872, in a brief report published by the Surgeon Gen-
eral,* I advocated this view, though not so exclusively as

Classen has done, for I could not avoid saying that I was not

* Report to the Surgeon General of the United States Army on the minute anat-
omy of two cases of cancer. By Assistant Surgeon J. J. Woodward, U.S. A.
Washington, D. C., 1872.

12 THE TONER LECTURES.

prepared to deny ‘‘that transformations of the true gland tissue
of the parts involved play a certain role in producing the tex-
ture of cancerous growths.” But just how far the normal ele-
ments are atrophied and perish, and how far at times an ill
directed formative activity may lead to their monstrous develop-
ment,—these are matters on which I said that it was difficult
at present to form a judgment.

At the time I wrote that report I had not yet read the paper
of Classen. I ought to have read it, I know, for the number
of the journal containing it had passed through my hands.
Still somehow it escaped me, and I did not come upon it till a
month or two after the publication of my report. Now that I
have carefully studied it Iam more than ever impressed with
the importance of the part taken by migrating white corpuscles
in the genesis of cancerous growths, but I get no help from
Classen with regard to the difficulty just indicated. The case
he so carefully describes is one of a growth in a non-glandular
part, and it leaves unsolved the question of the behavior of the
gland lobules when glands are the seat of the morbid growth.

In June, 1872, Professor Waldeyer published in Virchow’s
Archiv, a second article on the development of carcinoma,*
in which, with all the light of recent discovery, and after a
careful revision of the whole subject, he nevertheless substan-
tially reaffirms the views of his first paper. He now admits
indeed that the elements of the small-celled brood are migrated
white corpuscles, and that Koester’s view, that the cancer cyl-
inders lie in the lymphatic passages, is very often correct ; but
he still holds firmly to the doctrine that the cylinders them-
selves are always outgrowths from some normal epithelial
structure with which they yet retain their connection. He
supports his opinion by many new and carefully described
details, and by a critical review of the modern literature of

the subject. His paper is illustrated by a number of careful

* Virchow’s Archiv, Bd. 55, S.67. Die Entwicklung der Carcinome.

CANCEROUS TUMORS. 13

figures, evidently drawn after nature, and is in every way
worthy of the most thoughtful consideration of the student of
cancer.

Such, gentlemen, is an outline of the recent progress of our
knowledge of the structure of cancerous growths, and of their
relations to the surrounding parts. I have endeavored to seize
and present for your consideration the most salient points. In
so doing I have been compelled to omit all mention of many
worthy investigators. Perhaps you will think I have already
dwelt too long on this historical review, but before referring to
my own observations I would beg to speak for a moment of the
doctrines taught in two excellent German text-books, transla-
tions of which have recently been published in this country. I
refer to the surgical pathology of Billroth,* and the patho-
logical histology of Rindfleisch.t+

Billroth, who has himself contributed no little to the details
of our knowledge of morbid growths, adheres in all essen-
tial points to the views of Thiersch and Waldeyer; while
Rindfleisch entertains opinions more nearly allied to those
of Classen. Rindfleisch admits that perhaps, in cancers involy-
ing glands, the glandular epithelium may undergo fissiparous
multiplication, and so contribute somewhat, though only, as he
thinks, to a moderate extent, to the formation of the cancer
cylinders. But he thinks that a far larger part is played by
migrated white blood corpuscles, which, instead of being trans-
formed into pus or connective tissue as in inflammation,
accumulate in the lymphatic passages and are metamorphosed
into epithelium-like elements. I commend these instructive
and easily accessible works to your consideration, especially
that of Rindfleisch ; but I warn you that to read them with ad-

vantage you must do so by the side of the microscope.

*General Surgical Pathology and Therapeutics. By Dr. Theodor Billroth.

American edition. New York, 1871.
t A Text-book of Pathological Histology. By Dr. Edward Rindfleisch. Ameri-

can edition. Philadelphia, 1872.

14 THE TONER LECTURES.

Turning now, from this survey of modern investigation into
the structure of cancer, to my own observations, I have endeav-
ored to select from the microscopical collection of the Museum
a few instructive specimens to serve as the basis of my remarks.
I have selected them from various parts of the body, for while
all cancerous growths have certain anatomical points in com-
mon, which justify us in speaking of cancer as a particular
form of disease, the peculiarities of individual growths, both
as to structure and history, are largely modified by their seat.

The first group of illustrations I shall present are taken from
a case of epithelial cancer of the larynx (No. 889, Medical
Section, Army Medical Museum). This is a cauliflower growth
which involved the posterior part of the tongue, the epiglottis
and the upper part of the larynx. The patient, who was a
discharged soldier, sixty-three years of age, had aphonia, pain
in the larynx, obstructed respiration, hemorrhage from the
growth, and died October 1, 1867, at the post hospital in this
city. Thin sections showed that long, branching, vascular
papillz sprouted from the submucous connective tissue, and
were clothed with a luxuriant epithelium, which filled the
spaces between them, so that except towards the surface the
whole formed a solid mass. The papille, having branched
many times, appeared in profile in some parts of the sections,
in other parts they were cut obliquely or transversely, giving
rise to rounded or oval forms. Immediately next to the
papille there was always a single layer of epithelial cells,
more or less distinctly columnar in form, beyond which the
cells were irregularly polygonal, and larger the more distant
they were from the columnar layer.

Wherever adjacent papillz were so related as to include
spaces, the central epithelial cells were flattened, concentrically
grouped, and presented striking examples of the so-called
‘‘olobes epidermiques” or ‘‘pearly globules” so common in

epithelial cancer.

CANCEROUS TUMORS. 15

The larger epithelial cells bore a striking resemblance to the
deeper cells of the epithelium of the back part of the tongue.
They had large oval nuclei, many of which were biscuit-formed,
many contained two nuclei, but nowhere could clear evidence
of actual cell multiplication having taken place be obtained.

In the deeper parts of the growth, the epithelial masses in-
vaded the submucous tissue as thick, closely-arranged cell-
cylinders. In these the peripheral cells, next to the connective
tissue which separated them, were always columnar in charac-
ter, the central ones polygonal, and in places concentrically
grouped as pearly globules. (Six photographs, Nos. 1 to 6,
shown and commented upon. )

The second group of illustrations are selected from a case of
epithelial cancer of the leg. The patient, who was about
forty-seven years of age, had suffered for a long time from a
leg ulcer, which at length penetrated so deeply, and produced
such destruction of tissue, that the limb was amputated just
below the knee in March, 1871. The disease recurred in the
cicatrix, and a second amputation, just above the middle of
he thigh, was performed in January, 1872, since which the
patient has remained apparently well.

Thin sections showed that long, branching and anastomosing
cancer cylinders, connected with the cancerous mass, or with
the sebaceous glands and rete-malpighii of the adjoining skin,
invaded the sub-cutaneous connective tissue. These, in many
places, were grotesquely swollen, and contained in their inte-
riors the well-known “pearly globules.” On examining the
cylinders with high powers, the peripheral layer of cells imme-
diately adjoining the connective tissue was found to resemble
very much the cylindrical epithelium which forms the deepest
layer of the normal rete-malpighii, except that they were as a
rule a little shorter; the cells in the interior of the cylinders
resembled those of the more superficial layers of the rete-

malpighii, or even the flattened cells of the epidermis. In the

16 THE TONER LECTURES.

connective tissue between the cancer cylinders there was an
abundant infiltration of small cells. (Nine photographs, Nos.
7 to 15, shown.)

In sections taken from some portions of the edges of this
growth a very curious appearance was presented. A large
meshed net-work in the deeper layer of the corium was contin-
uous more superficially with narrow parallel anastomosing
bands, which ran upwards towards the rete-malpighii, and,
entering the papille of the corium, could be traced almost to
their very apices. On one side this net-work was continuous
with the margins of the cancerous growth. (Three photo-
graphs, Nos. 16 to 18, shown.)

On examining the bands with higher powers, they at first
appeared to be composed of small cells held together by more
or less fibrous tissue, but almost anywhere I could satisfy
myself that the centre of each contained a blood-vessel, which
in some places was found to be filled with white corpuscles.
Just below the bases of the papille of the corium there was
an abundant infiltration of small cells which somewhat ob-
scured the net-work, but the bands could be traced through it,
and were clearly continuous with the capillary blood-vessels in
the centres of thé papille.

I greatly regret that, having received this specimen in alco-
hol, it was impossible to confirm the opinion expressed, by a
fine injection; but I have no doubt that the form of this re-
markable net-work was determined by a luxuriant development
of blood-vessels at the edge of the ulcer, and that the innumer-
able small cells, found in all parts of the bands which com-
posed the net-work, originally white blood corpuscles, were
undergoing a transformation which would ultimately have con-
verted the tissue involved into a portion of the cancer.

I call your attention next to two photographs from an epi-
thelial cancer excised from the left forearm of a woman sey-

enty-four years old. Most of the sections made from this

CANCEROUS TUMORS. Lt

growth are so similar in their microscopical appearances to
those obtained from the last, that it might be supposed they
were taken from the same specimen. In parts of some of
them, however, the terminal and growing extremities of the
slender cancer cylinders are so fairly shown, that I have
selected a portion of one of the sections for a couple of pho-
tographs.

In the place in question the small cells in the connective

Fig. 1.

Section of an epithelial cancer of the arm, showing the terminal buds of
the cancer cylinders. From photo-micrograph No. 19.
Magnified 116 diameters.

tissue, into which the cylinders are sprouting, are particularly
abundant about the terminal buds. The cylinders themselves
are very slender, appearing in section as merely a double row
of somewhat quadrangular cells. The upper portion of the
first photograph represents the rete-malpighii of the skin, so
that the space between the upper parts of the cylinders repre-

sents, in fact, skin papille greatly swollen transversely. I
32

18 THE TONER LECTURES.

wish particularly to insist upon the luxuriant small-celled
brood about the terminal buds, which is still better shown in
the second photograph, in which a higher power has been used.
(Two photographs, Nos. 19 and 20, shown.)

I draw my next illustration from a case of epithelial cancer
of the lip, excised from a man about forty-five years of age.
A smaller growth had been previously destroyed by caustic,
but the disease had recurred in the cicatrix, and was removed
by the knife in February, 1871.

The general anatomy of the morbid growth was that of an or-

dinary epithelial cancer, and I shall not go into its details ; but
some sections, cut at its edge parallel to the anterior surface of
the lip and transversely through the hair follicles of the beard,
are so instructive that I have made photographs from them.

These sections show that in the progress of the disease the se-
baceous glands and the hair follicles are transformed into can-
cer tissue, but they show also that, for some distance beyond
the point to- which outgrowths, actually continuous with the
cancer, can be traced, an infiltration of small cells, apparently
corresponding in its distribution to the course of the blood-
vessels, exists in the connective tissue between the hair follicles.
It is difficult to resist the conviction that this small-celled infil-
tration represents the first step in the morbid process, and
ultimately contributes its share to the building up of the can-
cerous mass. (Six photographs, Nos. 21 to 26, shown.)

I exhibit next a view of a section through the mucous mem-
brane of the lip in the immediate vicinity of another epithelial
cancer. On one side the preparation shows one of the labial
glands in a nearly normal condition; those of the lobules of
the next gland which are nearest the cancer are swollen, opaque
and fused together; all the lobules of the next gland have
undergone the same change; the next two glands are trans-
formed into opaque cell masses in which no trace of the lobules

can be discerned. These transformations of the gland tissue

CANCEROUS TUMORS. 19

are accompanied by an abundant small-celled infiltration of
the surrounding connective tissue, the luxuriance of which
keeps pace with the degree to which the glands are altered.
(One photograph, No. 27, shown.)

I trust the foregoing illustrations will enable you to follow
me when I say that in epithelial cancers we have to do, on the
one hand, with the ingrowing from previously existing epithe-
lial structures of branching epithelial cylinders ; on the other
hand, with a small-celled infiltration of the connective tissue,
the cells of which in all probability have migrated from the
blood-vessels. All that I have been able to see inclines me to
give my assent to the opinion that the cylinders lie in the lym-
phatic capillaries, or in distended lymph spaces ; the small cells
occupy the smaller lymph spaces of the connective tissue in
which they are found. The preponderance of the fully formed
cancer cylinders, or of the small-celled brood, determines con-
siderable diversity in the details of different growths, and this
is increased by the circumstance that in some cases the connec-
tive tissue papille of the part involved grow outward, and
branch as in the first case I presented to you. I cannot pause
here even to sketch the varieties thus produced, but I wish to
add that I am not prepared to agree with Billroth that Thiersch
and Waldeyer were right in regarding it as fully established
that the cancer cylinders grow by a multiplication of their
epithelial elements by division. On the contrary I wish to
draw attention not merely to the fact of the swarm of small
cells about the terminal buds of the cylinders, but to the addi-
tional circumstance that, in almost every section of epithelial
cancer in the Museum collection, I find among the epithelial
cells numerous unmistakable wandering corpuscles, often fixed
by the reagents used, with their processes extended as in the
act of migration.

If Biesiadecki* is right in believing that the ordinary growth

*Rindfleisch, op. cit., p. 101.

20 THE TONER LECTURES.

of epithelial tissues is effected, not by cell multiplication, but
by these wandering corpuscles becoming fixed and developing
into epithelial cells, we shall readily understand the signifi-
cance of this circumstance. But be this as it may I cannot
doubt that, in many cases at least, besides the continuous epi-
thelial outgrowth, however that may be effected, a portion of
the small-celled brood accumulating in the lymphatic passages

Two wandering corpuscles among the epithelial cells of an epithelial
cancer. Krom the same preparation as photo-micrograph
No.29. Magnified 600 diameters.

undergoes a transformation into epithelial forms, and thas
contributes its share to the growth of the cancer. (Two pho-
tographs, Nos. 28 and 29, shown.) :
Before passing from this part of the subject I desire to call
your attention to a couple of photographs taken from an epithe-
lial cancer of the lip, which illustrate the manner in which such
growths, when they penetrate deeply, invade the voluntary mus-

cles. In such cases, if the section is taken transversely to the

CANCEROUS TUMORS. aT

course of the muscular fibres, the first change observed is a
small-celled infiltration between the fibres, which remain quite
intact, and this accumulation progresses, pushing the fibres
more and more apart. (Two photographs, Nos. 30 and 31,
shown.)

This condition is not peculiar to the muscles in the neigh-
borhood of skin cancers. I have observed it in the neighbor-

hood of cancers of the mammary gland, and of many other

Fig. 3.

Transverse section of muscle near a cancer, showing the smali-celled
infiltration befween the muscular fibres. From photo-
micrograph No. 30. Magnified 200 diameters.

parts. If the section be made parallel to the course of the
muscular fibres the images obtained are not so readily un-
derstood. In such sections we not merely see the cell-infil-
tration between the fibres, but similar'cells above and below
individual fibres may readily be supposed to be embedded in
their substance, as seen in the next photograph, which is taken
from the vicinity of a medullary cancer of the parotid gland.

(One photograph, No. 32, shown.)

99 THE TONER LECTURES.

Now I will not affirm that such mistakes account for the
opinions of those who believe that a proliferation of the nuclei
of the muscular fibres contributes to the cancerous mass ; but I
point it out as a possible source of error, and must admit that
most generally the cell infiltration between the fibres accumu-
lates to such an extent, before the latter undergo any note-
worthy alteration, that it is difficult to trace their ultimate fate.

I invite your attention next to a series of illustrations of
growths situated in the female breast.

The first group are taken from a tumor of the right breast,
weighing over five pounds, which was removed in November,
1870, from the breast of an apparently healthy young woman.
(Surgical section, No. 5734.) The tumor had grown rapidly,
was freely movable, and there was no retraction of the nipple.
Seen quite recently the patient was apparently in good health,
and there has been as yet no recurrence.

When received fresh at the Museum the tumor, on section,
was pinkish gray, semi-translucent, and yielded an abundant
transparent albuminous juice in which but few cellular elements
could be detected. On microscopicalexamination it proved to
be made up of nearly normal gland-ducts and gland-vesicles
pushed well apart by a luxuriantly developed connective tissue
stroma, through which numerous small cells were scattered.
(our photographs, Nos. 33 to 36, shown.)

Such growths have been called adenoma by some, sarcoma
by others, and have been ranked among non-malignant tumors.
Sometimes they affect a small portion of the gland only, at
other times the greater part, or the whole. With the former
group of cases I have had little personal experience; as to
the latter, I well remember a case quite similar to this, though
in an older patient, which I described in 1859, in the Ameri-
can Journal of the Medical Seiences,* and supposed, at the

time, to be non-malignant. Nevertheless it speedily returned

* Vol. 87, New Series, p. @7.
we

CANCEROUS TUMORS. 23

in the cicatrix and destroyed the patient.* The secondary
growths had no doubtful anatomy. Billrotht insists on the
importance of an early removal of such growths and points out
their proneness to undergo a cancerous transformation if they
are permitted to remain, and to recur with cancerous charac-
teristics if they are removed too late; while acknowledging
the justice of his observations I am disposed to go even still
farther in my appreciation of their relation to ordinary cancers.

I next draw your attention to some views from a case of
cancer of the left breast, removed in March, 1871. The
patient was about forty-five years old, and the tumor had been
growing a little over a year, having first made its appearance
shortly after an injury to the breast received by falling against
the corner of a table. It had attained about the size of a
hen’s egg at the time of removal. Eighteen months after the
operation the patient was still apparently in good health.

In this case portions of the growth presented the ordinary
anatomy of scirrhus of the breast, but other portions were in a
condition very similar to that described in the last case, except
that many of the gland vesicles were dilated into cysts. In
numerous places the same milk-duct led to groups of vesicles
apparently belonging to the same lobule, some of which were
nearly normal, while others had undergone the cystic transfor-
mation. Both normal vesicles and cysts were pushed apart
by a luxuriant connective tissue, infiltrated with small cells.
(Five photographs, Nos. 37 to 41, shown.)

Such a growth would be called cysto-sarcoma if the whole
tumor had the structure represented in these photographs,
but a large part of it had the ordinary anatomy of scirrhus,
and I call attention to the significance of the association of the
two lesions in the same breast.

The transformation of some of the vesicles of the mammary

* Loc. cit., vol. 389, p. 331.
t Op. cit., p. 606.

24. THE TONER LECTURES.

gland into cysts is an exceedingly frequent occurrence in can-
cers of the breast, and I exhibit illustrations taken from two
other cases. (Three photographs, Nos. 42 to 44, shown.)

I have spoken of the ordinary anatomy of scirrhus of the
breast. This has been so frequently described that it must be
familiar to you all. A stroma of connective tissue encloses
alveoli or spaces which are stuffed with larger or smaller, more
or less irregular cells. I wish particularly, however, to insist
upon the point that these alveoli are not blind cavities, but
communicate with each other so as to form a net-work. The
net-work is best seen as such at the peripheral portions of the
growth, but it can frequently be made out with more or less
distinctness in all parts. The cells which compose it are often
deficient in the distinct cell-wall which we recognize in many
parts at least of epithelial cancers; they are rather to be de-
_scribed as little masses of protoplasm, with nuclei embedded,
and the branching cylinders which we found no difficulty in de-
scribing as cell-cylinders in epithelial cancer, are here, very
often at least, best described as ‘nucleated cylinders.”

Two cancerous tumors of the breast, made up almost wholly
of a net-work of such nucleated cylinders lying in an abundant
stroma of connective tissue, were described by me in a report
to the Surgeon General, to which I have already referred.* I
exhibit a photograph from one of these growths. (One photo-
graph, No. 45, shown.)

The other case mentioned in the report was particularly
interesting because after the extirpation of the right breast
another tumor formed in the left, and the disease subsequently
generalized itself, secondary tumors appearing in the liver, the
spleen and the ovaries.

In both the liver and the spleen the secondary tumors were
very small; smallest in the liver, in which they varied from

the size of a pea to that of a pin’s head. They were com-

*See note on page 11, supra,

CANCEROUS TUMORS. a5

posed of a net-work of nucleated cancer cylinders lying in a
connective tissue stroma as shown in the next photograph,
which represents one of the nodules in the liver, in which some
of the cylinders are cut transversely across. (One photo-
graph, No. 46, shown.)

The ovaries were transformed into oval nodulated scirrhus

masses about an inch and three-quarters in long diameter, and

Section of mammary cancer, showing branching nucleated cylinders,
From the same preparation as photo-micrograph
No. 45. Magnified 400 diameters.

these also were composed of similar cylinders embedded in a
connective tissue stroma. (One photograph, No. 47, shown.)

I add here two additional representations of the nucleated
cylinders in cancers of the breast. The first is taken from a
tumor which was extirpated in September, 1869. The woman
was forty-three years of age. ‘The disease reappeared in the
cicatrix, and was again extirpated in May, 1870. It again re-
curred in July, 1870, and terminated fatally in June, 1871;

i :

>

26 THE TONER LECTURES.

secondary growths were found after death in the stomach
and spleen. The case is described in detail in Circular No.
3.* The photograph gives side views of several of the nucle-
ated cylinders, and of the connective tissue between them.
(One photograph, No. 48, shown.)

The other photograph is taken from a scirrhus of the breast,
extirpated in March, 1871, the subsequent history of which is
unknown. (Surgical section, Army Medical Museum, No.
5903.) The cylinders are narrow as compared with those
shown in the last picture. (One photograph, No. 49, shown.)

Towards the margins of a growing mammary cancer it is not
uncommon for the cylinders to be so slender and so tortuous
as to appear in thin sections like small elongated cell groups,
such as have been supposed to originate in the proliferation of
the connective tissue corpuscles. A comparison of a number
of adjacent sections will show their real nature. Two views,
taken from one of the breasts described in my report to the
Surgeon General, will serve to illustrate this point. (Two
photographs, Nos. 50 and 51, shown.)

In the case of cancer of the breast, as we have already seen
in epithelial cancers, there may be three explanations of the
genesis of the cancer cylinders, so far at least as they are new
formations. Either they are outgrowths from the epithelium of
the ducts and vesicles of the diseased gland, or they originate
by the transformation of the small-celled infiltration, which
here, as in skin cancers, is conspicuous in the connective tissue
stroma, or both these processes may contribute. A decision
between these possibilities is still more difficult than in the
case of skin cancers. In attempting the solution of the ques-
tion it is important to observe the behavior of the eland-ducts
and vesicles themselves in growing cancers, and to endeavor
to ascertain the transformations they undergo. Some of the

photographs shown this evening illustrate at least one of these

* Circular No. 3, Surgeon General’s Office, 1871, p. 266.

CANCEROUS TUMORS. 27

transformations about which there can be no question, namely,
the occasional conversion of the gland vesicles into cysts.
But there is another alteration in those of the gland vesicles
which are most nearly normal, that can be seen in the sec-
tions from which these photographs were taken, and that has
been shown in one or two of the photographs; namely, an
increased number of epithelial cells in the interior of the
vesicles, so that they form several layers, instead of one,
which is all that exists in the normal vesicle.* I am inclined
to believe that this increase of the number of the epithelial
elements may go on until the vesicles and ducts are so dis-
tended by them as to form in fact a portion of the cancer
cylinders, Whether the increase is due to cell multiplication
or to the interpellation of wandering white corpuscles must
remain for the present an open question ; at all events I find it
impossible to admit that the majority of the cancer cylinders
have originated either in this way or by the outgrowth of buds
from those thus formed. On the contrary the study of the
marginal portions of growing breast-cancers inclines me more
and more to the opinion that the small-celled brood, accumu-
lating in the lymph spaces, is transformed into cancer cylin-
ders. That this takes place even in skin cancers I have
endeavored to show, and it appears to me that the process
plays even a more important role in cancers of the breast,
forming probably the greater part of tumors which have at-
tained any considerable size, and the whole of those which
develop as secondary growths after the complete extirpation of
the gland for cancerous disease.

A study of the mode in which cancers of the breast invade
the adjacent fat is very suggestive in this connection, and I
will give a short account of the process as I have observed it.
The outgrowth takes place in two ways—on the one hand the

process involves the fat immediately adjoining the carcinoma-
eee

no

*stricker’s Manual of Histology. American edition, p. 977.

28 THE TONER LECTURES.

tous mass; on the other hand a small-celled infiltration ex-
tends much farther from the main group along the course of
the blood-vessels.

In the first instance an infiltration of small cells makes its
appearance between the fat cells, accompanied by an increase
in the quantity of the matrix by which they are held together.
The structural conditions to be observed are precisely the
same as may be seen in ordinary inflammation of adipose tis-
sue. In a report on the pleuro-pneumonia of cattle made in
June, 1870, and subsequently published by the Commissioner
of Agriculture,* I described some sections of the inflamed adi-
pose tissue about the pericardium, taken from a case of that
disease in which the appearances were precisely what I have
just described, and the photo-micrograph which accompanied
the report, but for the somewhat greater size of the fat cells
represented, might be supposed to have been taken from the
vicinity of a cancerous breast. It is not in its beginning,
but in the subsequent history of the small-celled infiltration
between the fat cells in cancer, that it differs from the similar
small-celled infiltration in inflammation. There is no difficulty
in making out this subsequent history in many of the sections
belonging to the Museum. The small cells infiltrated between
the fat cells increase in number and size, the fat cells them-
selves are pushed more and more apart, are more and more
encroached upon by the morbid growth, and finally disappear
without seeming to have contributed anything to the new
formation which has replaced them.

Where the small-celled infiltration has extended from the
growth, in the course of the blood-vessels, it appears to occupy
primarily the walls of the small veins and the spaces between
the immediately adjacent fat cells. In these spaces the beha-

vior of the infiltration is identical with what I have just de-

*Report of the Commissioner of Agriculture on the Diseases of Cattle in the
United States. Government Printing Office, 1871, p. 64.

CANCEROUS TUMORS. 29

scribed. I find in the whole process conclusive proof that the
small-celled infiltration between the fat cells is ultimately
transformed into a net-work of cancer cylinders. (Seven pho-
tographs, Nos. 52 to 58, shown.)

I call attention next to a few illustrations drawn from a
couple of cases of cancer of the stomach. We have already
seen that Waldeyer derives cancer of the stomach from the

tubular glands of the mucous membrane ; from the bottoms of

Small-celled infiltration in the course of a minute vein and between the
fat cells in the neighborhood of a@ mammary cancer. From
photo-micrograph No. 54. Magnified 200 diameters.

these the cancer cylinders sprout, pass through the submucous
connective tissue, invade the muscular coat, and having pene-
trated this, involve the adjacent parts.

Now all that I have seen of these growths leads me to
admit that their primary seat is in the mucous membrane and
the subjacent connective tissue ; but the determination of the

precise origin of the cancer cylinders is surrounded by the

30 THE TONER LECTURES.

same difficulties which we encountered in the case of cancer of
the breast.

The first series of illustrations is drawn from a case of cancer
of the pylorus, taken from a man aged thirty-eight, who died
in Providence Hospital, in March, 1871. (Medical Section,
Army Medical Museum, No. 1079.) The growth assumed the
form of a moderate carcinomatous thickening of the walls of
the stomach for several inches around the pyloric orifice ; the
inner surface of the diseased part presenting a superficial area
of ulceration near the pylorus, while on the exterior an irreg-
ular mass, about an inch in diameter, invaded the gastro-
hepatic omentum.

Sections taken from the marginal portions of this carcinoma-
tous thickening showed numerous branching and anastomos-
ing cancer cylinders in the submucous connective tissue, which,
between the cylinders, was infiltrated with numerous small cells,
the infiltration being most luxuriant just below the mucous
membrane. These cylinders in the submucous tissue were
continuous with other larger ones in the muscular coat and the
submucous adipose tissue. In all of them the peripheral cells
were columnar in character, and bore a coarse resemblance to
the columnar epithelium of the tubular glands of the stomach ;
but within these columnar cells, the cylinders were completely
filled with polygonal irregular cells, and none of them, as
I thought, had any interior free space or lumen; simply as
the cells of the interior were not very firmly interadherent
they readily fell out of their places from the larger cylinders
when thin sections were made, and thus the appearance of
tubes lined by an epithelium was simulated. I cannot but note
also that the general form and arrangement of the cylinders
in the muscular coat, at least, were strikingly similar to what
injections teach us of the mode in which the lymphatic net-
work is distributed in this region. (Six photographs, Nos. 59

to 64, shown.)

CANCEROUS TUMORS. ok

I add a couple of illustrations from a larger and more luxu-
riant growth of the same region. The patient was a man aged
forty-three, who died in Providence Hospital, in April, 1871,
after an illness of about two years. (See Medical Section,
Army Medical Museum, No. 1091.) At first the symptoms
were those of indigestion, then obstinate vomiting set in,
finally a tumor could be felt in the epigastric region, the dis-
ease was recognized, and ran its usual course.

The pyloric half of the stomach was involved in the morbid
growth, which presented itself as an irregularly lobulated
thickening and induration of the coats, in places an inch in
thickness. The stomach was adherent to the liver, into the
substance of which the carcinomatous infiltration extended,
and between the two the mass had softened, forming an
abscess-like cavity which communicated with the interior of
the stomach by an ulcerated opening through which the fluid
contents of the cavity had escaped. The pyloric orifice itself
was not much thickened.

Now the structure of the thickened stomach in this case
was almost precisely like that of the last, except that the cyl-
inders were as arule Jarger, and that there was an abundant
small-celled infiltration between the fibre-cells of the muscular
coat. (Two photographs, Nos. 65 and 66, shown.)

These two growths represent, so far as I am at present in-
formed, the most common type of cancer of the stomach, and
if you picture in your minds the condition which would re-
sult if fluid should accumulate in some of the cylinders of such
a growth, distending them into cyst-like forms, you would
have a correct idea of a somewhat rarer form of cancer of the
stomach described in the books, of which, however, we have as
yet no example in the microscopical collection of the Museum.

The last case to which I shall call your attention is one of
primary cancer of the ovary which illustrates this very point

of cystic development. The patient was supposed to be suf-

on THE TONER LECTURES.

fering from an ovarian cyst, the removal of which was at-
tempted in October, 1871. (Surgical Section, Army Medical
Museum, No. 5944.) On opening the abdominal cavity a
medullary cancer of the ovary, of brain-like consistency, was
discovered and partially removed. The patient died shortly
after.

Sections showed the growth to be made up of a net-work of
large cancer cylinders held together by a comparatively scanty
connective tissue; many of them were dilated at intervals so
as to resemble irregularly oval cysts. They were lined by a
layer of polygonal cells which might be compared to an epithe-
lium, and their cavities were filled with an albuminous fluid
from which the action of the alcohol used to harden the prepa-
ration condensed spherical, somewhat yellowish, semi-trans-
parent bodies of obscure nature. (Three photographs, Nos.
67 to 69, shown.)

Now if in such a growth as this the cystic dilatations, and
the epithelium-like lining of the cancer cylinders suggest the
idea that they might be transformed Graafian follicles, I must
remind you of the other ovarian cancer of which I have already
shown you a representation, in which the small size of the nu-
cleated cylinders and the absence of any lumen would seem to
exclude such a possibility.

I feel that I should be trespassing upon your patience if I
were to continue to multiply individual examples, but I ought
not to forget to remind you that the cells of the cancer cyl-
inders may undergo the most varied transformations and de-
generations, which aid in making up the complex picture pre-
sented by cancerous growths as they actually occur. The cells
may increase in size till often, in mammary cancer for example,
they rival the larger forms which occur in cancers of the skin.
It is from portions of such tumors, in which the cells of the
cancer cylinders have grown, till on section the cylinders ap-

pear like irregular alveoli of variable size filled with large ir-

CANCEROUS TUMORS. 33

regular cells with large nuclei, that the older descriptions of
scirrhus and medullary cancer, so familiar to you all, were
drawn, and I wish you to remember that these descriptions
were true to nature so far as they went. Simply you must
understand that growths are none the less cancerous which
are extirpated before this later stage has set in. My last
illustrations represent sections of the interior portion of a
medullary cancer, and some cells scraped from the surface
of a well advanced scirrhus, which may serve as samples of
the large cell forms referred to, which are in fact what the
older writers described as cancer cells. (Five photographs,
Nos. 70 to 74, shown.)

If now.I recur, as I promised to do, to the question of diag-
nosis, I think you will understand, without any detailed repeti-
tion of the descriptions I have given, that in the present state
of our knowledge, we ought, on anatomical grounds, to call any
growth a cancer, at the margins of which we find the nucleated
or cell cylinders I have described, associated with the infil-
tration of small cells in the intervening connective tissue. It
is not necessary to wait till the cells of the cylinders have ac-
quired any great size in order to arrive at an opinion. It is
necessary, however, to cut sections of considerable dimensions,
and to prepare them suitably for satisfactory microscopical
study ; and this requires of course a reasonable amount of
practice, while the profitable study of the sections, when pre-
pared, presupposes a practical acquaintance with modern nor-
mal and pathological histology.

And at this point the important question of prognosis thrusts
itself again upon our attention. Can we be sure that a growth
which has the anatomy of cancer will have the history that is
usually indicated by the word malignant ; that it will ulcerate if
left to itself; that it will recur if extirpated ; that in either case
similar growths will develop in some of the internal organs ;

and that the patient will surely die from this cause, if not
30

34 THE TONER LECTURES.

from the primary disease? On the other hand if a tumor be
extirpated which does not possess the anatomy of cancer; in
which no proper cancer cylinders have been formed; as for ex-
ample in the first case of mammary tumor to which I alluded
this evening, can we be sure that the growth would not have
ultimately acquired the cancerous anatomy if it had been let
alone? Can we be sure that it will not, in spite of its timely
extirpation, recur and prove fatal? |

A proper discussion of these important questions, based
upon a consideration of all the evidence, would require much
time and thought and be a work of no small labor and diffi-
culty. Of course it cannot be undertaken in the present
lecture. Nevertheless it may not be amiss to state that the
general tenor of surgical experience would seem to give a
negative answer to both these important questions. With re-
gard to the first, the negative answer is the justification of the
operation of extirpation, still so generally resorted to, and
the motive for urging operative interference as early as pos-
sible. It implies a more or less confident belief in the local
significance of the primary lesion, and it is not inconsistent
with the circumstance that practically the majority of tumors,
which on extirpation prove to have the anatomy of cancer, do
in fact recur, for the incomplete extirpation of marginal por-
tions of the primary growth, or the existence already at the
time of the operation of small secondary growths in distant
organs, will sufficiently account for this result, without any
more violent supposition.

On the other hand the negative answer to the second question
might have been anticipated on purely anatomical grounds,
since it would seem that in every cancer there must be a _
period when the small-celled infiltration of the connective
tissue, and perhaps some increase in the number of the epithe-
lial elements of any glandular part involved, is all that has

taken place, and whenever this process commences simultane-

CANCEROUS TUMORS. 35

ously in a comparatively large area instead of in a small one
—in the whole mammary gland for example instead of in a
small part of it—the size of a tumor may lead to its extirpa-
tion before its anatomy has become characteristic.

But a further consideration of these interesting and impor-
tant questions would be foreign to my present purpose. I have
only wished to-night to present the subject from the anatomical
point of view, and if after what I have said you are left with
the impression that even our anatomical knowledge of the sub-
ject is still far from complete, you will the more readily agree
with me when I express the opinion that so far from this branch
of the inquiry having been exhausted, additional investigations
are urgently needed and ought by all means to be encouraged.

As for the more ambitious efforts to combine together the
anatomical facts and the clinical phenomena, so far as either
are known, and to frame a comprehensive theory which shall
embrace the whole, we must for the present regard them as
somewhat premature ; but it is a hopeful sign that even in such
speculations the mythical notions of specific dyscrasiz and
heterologous new formations are being dropped more and more
out of sight, and that we are learning more and more to en-
deavor to explain even the most aberrant phenomena of such
a disease as cancer by the ordinary normal laws of develop-

ment and growth.

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LIST OF PHOTO-MICROGRAPHS

LO:

amir

elo

- 13.

Le.

. 15.

eelGs

EXHIBITED DURING THE LECTURE.

Section of epithelial cancer of larnyx. (From No, 2277 Mi-
croscopical Section, Army Medical Museum.) Magnified,
35 diameters.

Same preparation as No. 1, showing a papilla cut across. 200
diameters.

Same preparation as No. 1, showing a papilla cut lengthwise,
200 diameters.

Same preparation as No. 1, showing a small ‘‘globule epider-
mique.” 200 diameters.

Same preparation as No. 1, showing a large ‘‘globule epider-
mique.” 200 diameters.

Same preparation as No. 1, showing two cancer cylinders.
200 diameters.

Section of epithelial cancer of leg (No. 4700 Mic. Sec.), show-
ing narrow cancer cylinders and ‘‘globules epidermiques.”
35 diameters.

Same preparation as No. 7, showing cancer cylinders and
diseased sebaceous glands. 35 diameters.

Same preparation as No. 7, showing cancer cylinders and
‘‘xlobules epidermiques” connected with a sebaceous gland.
35 diameters.

Another photograph from the same tumor as Nos. 7, 8 and 9
(No. 4650 Mic. Sec.), showing ‘‘globules epidermiques.”
35 diameters.

Same preparation as No. 7, showing ‘‘globules epidermiques,”
from the centres of some of which the globules have
dropped out. 35 diameters.

Same preparation as No. 7, showing narrow cancer cylinders.
200 diameters.

Same preparation as No. 7, showing a ‘“‘globule epidermique.”
200 diameters.

Same preparation as No. 7, showing the terminations of
cancer cylinders. 200 diameters.

A view somewhat similar to No. 14, from another section of
the same tumor (No. 4646 Mic. Sec.). 200 diameters.

Another section of the same tumor as Nos. 7 to 15, showing
a net-work of bands on the margin of the cancer (No. 4655
Mic. Sec.). 13 diameters.

(87)

No.

No.

No.
No.
No.

No.

5 ie
eeelies
pelos

bo bo
Ee.

. 24,

25.

aes

. 30.

Bole

. 38.

THE TONER LECTURES.

The lower portion of the view given in No. 16. 35 diameters.

The upper portion of the view given in No. 16. 35 diameters.

Section of an epithelial cancer of the arm (No. 5880 Mic.
Sec.), showing the terminal buds of the cancer cylinders.
110 diameters.

. A portion of the view given in No. 19. 200 diameters.

Section of an epithelial cancer of the lip (No. 3713 Mic. Sec.),
showing small-celled infiltration between the hair follicles
beyond the margins of the cancer. 13 diameters.

Another similar section from the same tumor as No. 21 (No.
3713 Mic. Sec.). 13 diameters.

. Another view of the same preparation as No. 22, showing the

relation of the small-celled infiltration to the sebaceous
glands. 385 diameters.

Another view of the same preparation as No. 21, showing the
relation of the small-celled infiltration to the hair follicles.
35 diameters.

Another view from the same case as Nos. 21 to 24 (No. 3726
Mic. Sec.), showing the small-celled infiltration around a
hair follicle. 110, diameters.

A similar view to No. 25, from another part of the same
preparation. 110 diameters.

. Epithelial cancer of the lip (No. 4750 Mic. Sec.), slice near

the edge of the tumor, showing diseased labial glands. 13
diameters.

. Wandering corpuscles among epithelial cells in an epithelial

cancer (No. 5881 Mic. Sec.). 500 diameters.

A similar view from the same preparation as No. 28. 500
diameters.

Invasion of muscle by cancer, transverse section (No. 5862
Mic. Sec.). 200 diameters.

Another view of the same preparation as No. 30. 200 diame-
ters. :

. Invasion of muscle by cancer, longitudinal section (No. 3692

Mic. Sec.). 200 diameters.

. Tumor of the female breast (No. 3852 Mic. Sec.). Gland

ducts and vesicles pushed apart by a stroma of connective
tissue. 35 diameters.

. Another view of the same preparation as No. 33. 35 diam-

eters.

. A portion of the view given by No. 83. 110 diameters.
. A portion of another section of the same tumor as No. 33

(No. 8851 Mic. Sec.), showing the connective tissue stroma,
etc., with a higher power. 200 diameters.

. Cysto-carcinoma of the female breast (No. 5613 Mic. Sec.).

35 diameters.
Another part of the same section as No. 87. 35 diameters.

. 89.
- 40.
. 41.
. 42.
. 43.

. 44.

. 46.

. 47.

. 48.

. 49.

CANCEROUS TUMORS. 39

Portion of same view as No. 38. 110 diameters.

Portion of same view as No. 39. 200 diameters.

Portion of same view as No. 37. 200 diameters.

Cancer of breast with cysts (No. 4023 Mic. Sec.). 85 diam-
eters.

Cancer of breast with cysts (No. 2398 Mic. Sec.). 385 diam-
eters.

Another view from the same case as No. 43 (No. 3373 Mic.
Sec.). 385 diameters.

- Cancer of breast (No. 3489 Mic. Sec.), showing branching

nucleated cylinders. 200 diameters.

Cancer of liver (No. 2393 Mic. Sec.), showing nucleated cylin-
ders cut across. 200 diameters.

Cancer of ovary (No. 2452 Mic. Sec.), showing nucleated
cylinders cut across. 200 diameters.

Cancer of breast (No. 3519 Mic. Sec.), showing side view of
nucleated cylinders. 200 diameters.

Cancer of breast (No. 4516 Mic. Sec.), showing side view of
nucleated cylinders. 200 diameters.

Cancer of breast (No. 4631 Mic. Sec.), showing apparent
cell multiplication. 200 diameters.

. Cancer of breast (No. 4630 Mic. Sec.), showing apparent

cell multiplication. 200 diameters.

Cancer of breast (No. 4512 Mic. Sec.), showing the invasion
of the adjacent adipose tissue. 35 diameters.

Cancer of breast (No. 4951 Mic. Sec.), showing the invasion
of the adjacent adipose tissue. 35 diameters.

54. Portion of the same section as No. 53. 200 diameters.

. 58.
- 59.

- 60.
moles

. Another portion of the same section as No. 53. 200 diameters.
. Cancer of the breast (No. 3650 Mic. Sec.), showing the inva-

sion of adipose tissue. 200 diameters.

Another portion of the same section as No. 56. 200 diam-
eters.

Portion of the same section as No. 52. 200 diameters.

Perpendicular section of cancer of stomach (No. 4504 Mic.
Sec.). 13 diameters.

Portion of the same view as No. 59. 35 diameters.

Another section from the same tumor as Nos. 59 and 60 (No.
4508 Mic. Sec.). 13 diameters.

. Portion of same view as No. 61. 35 diameters.
. Portion of same view as No. 62. 110 diameters.

Portion of same view as No. 63. 200 diameters.

. Perpendicular section through the muscular coat of a can-

cerous stomach (No. 4715 Mic. Sec.)., 35 diameters.
Portion of the same view as No. 65. 110 diameters.
Cysto-carcinoma of ovary (No. 4699 Mic. Sec.). 110 diam-

eters.

. 68.
. 69. Portion of same view as No. 68. 200 diameters.
SraOs

5 (fle
wide
silo
. 14.

THE TONER LECTURES.
Another view of the same section as No. 67. 110 diameters.

Section of medullary cancer of parotid (No. 5907 Mic. Sec.)
200 diameters.

Another view of the same section as No. 70. 200 diameters.

Group of so-called cancer cells. 500 diameters.

Group of so-called cancer cells. 500 diameters.

Group of so-called cancer cells. 500 diameters.

SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS.
291

THE TONER LECTURES

INSTITUTED TO ENCOURAGE THE DISCOVERY OF NEW TRUTHS

FOR THE ADVANCEMENT OF MEDICINE.

Lecture II.
DUAL CHARACTER OF THE BRAIN.

BY
C. E. BROWN-SEQUARD, M.D.

DELIVERED APRIL 22, 1874.

WASHINGTON:
SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION.
JANUARY, 1877.

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irr or y ’ q aoe
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.

ADVERTISEMENT.

Tue “Toner Lectures” have been instituted at Washington,
D. C., by Joseph M. Toner, M.D., who has placed in charge of
a Board of Trustees, consisting of the Secretary of the Smith-
sonian Institution, the Surgeon-General of the United States
Army, the Surgeon-General of the United States Navy, and
the President of the Medical Society of the District of Colum-
bia, a fund, “the interest of which is to be applied for at least
two annual memoirs or essays relative to some branch of medi-
cal science, and containing some new truth fully established by
experiment or observation.”

As these lectures are intended to increase and diffuse knowl-
edge, they have been accepted for publication by the Smith-
sonian Institution in its ‘ Miscellaneous Collections.”

The First Lecture of this series was delivered March 28,
1873, by Dr. J. J. Woopwarp, “On the Structure of Cancer-
ous Tumors and the Mode in which adjacent parts are invaded.”
Published by the Smithsonian Institution, November, 1873.
44 pp. 8vo.

The Seconp Lecture was delivered April 22, 1874, by Dr.
C. E. Brown-Séquarp, on the “ Dual Character of the Brain,”
from a phonographic report of which the lecture has been
printed. On account of absence from the country the author
has not had the opportunity of revising the lecture or of cor-

recting the proofs.

( iii )

iv ADVERTISEMENT.

The Tu1rD LECTURE was delivered May 14, 1874, by Dr. J.
M. Da Costa, on “Strain and Over-Action of the Heart.”
Published by the Institution, August, 1874. 32 pp. 8vo.

The Fourta LrEcruRE was delivered January 20, 1875, by
Dr. Horatio C. Woop, on “A Study of the Nature and Me-
chanism of Fever.” Published by the Institution, February,
1875, 48 pp. 8vo.

JOSEPH HENRY,
Secretary Smithsonian Institution.

SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION,
Washington, January, 1877.

LECTURE, IT.

Delivered April 22, 1874.

DUAL CHARACTER OF THE BRAIN.

By C. E. BRown-Séquarp, M.D.

GENTLEMEN: I have to-day to put forward views which, if
they have the value that I attach to them, deserve all your
attention. I confess, however, that although I have come to a
conviction myself (and I am, perhaps, rather difficult to satisfy
in this respect), I do not accept as proved all that is drawn
from facts. I confess, also, that I feel great embarrassment,
since not only are the facts I have to present new, and not,
perhaps, easily to be accepted, but besides, they require for their
full understanding a knowledge of medicine, which probably
does not exist among many of my hearers. I will, however,
try my best to render the subject as clear as possible, even to
persons who know nothing of medicine.

As you perhaps know, the subject is this, putting it in an
interrogative form, Have we two brains or one? And if we have
two brains, why not educate both of them!

As you will see by these questions, if the first is decided
negatively, of course there is no reason for discussing the
second. The very fact, therefore, that I am in your presence to
speak about an hour on this subject, implies that I have come
to the conclusion that we have two brains, perfectly distinct the
one from the other. There are, however, views held in science
on this subject different from mine. They consist in consider-
ing the left side of the brain as the exclusive organ serving to
the movement and feeling of the right side of the body, and

1 (5)

2 THE TONER LECTURES.

vice versa, the right side of the brain being .ne only organ
serving for volition and sensation for the left side of the body.
This view I will have first to disprove.

Beginning, however, with what relates to the noblest functions
of the brain—that is, its capability to serve in mental phenomena
—I shall say at once that I am not the first to put forward the
view that we have two brains. Long ago Sir Henry Holland,
and Dr. Wigan,' and a few others, insisted on the fact that each
side of the brain is perfectly sufficient for the full performance
of the mental functions. But they stopped there, and they have,
therefore, left to others to go further. In regard to this I may
say, if we adopt the view, that we have two brains, a conclusion
will follow, which—although I shall have to speak of it more
at length by and by—I must now allude to. It is quite certain
that if we make use of only one brain for most of our actions,
we leave inactive one-half of the total mass of brain matter,
and, therefore, we leave quite useless one-half of the most im-
portant of qur organs as regards manifestations of intelligence,
will, and perception or sensation. If this conclusion is correct,
you will easily understand how important it is to come to the
point which I have in view in this lecture; that is, that we
ought to give education to the two sides of the brain, or,
rather, to the two brains.

As regards intelligence, it is hardly necessary to insist, after
what has been said by the physiologists, Sir Henry Holland
and Dr. Wigan. They both show that there are a great many
facts which would seem to prove that either half of the brain
may equally perform intellectual functions. It may be, however,
that their proofs were not sufficient.

Dr. Wigan has insisted upon a feature of great interest,

which is that in cases of insanity sometimes, and I may say

1 The Duality of the Mind Proved by the Structure, Functions, and
Diseases of the Brain, by A. L. Wigan, 8vo., London, 1844,

DUAL CHARACTER OF THE BRAIN. 3

very frequently without any insanity, we have two different
views on the same subject. There are a great many people who
labor through life under the difficulty of being unable to make
up their minds. It is because they have, unfortunately, two
minds. Better would it be for them to have only one: but I
hope you will not conclude from this that I intend to teach
here, that to educate our two brains is a fallacy, on account
of the danger of leading men to have two minds, and to be all
the time hesitating between two views, two opinions, or two
decisions. On the contrary, I shall attempt to prove that the
fault in those individuals who cannot make up their mind is
dependent in a measure on the fact that they have not developed
sufficiently the power of their two brains.

Dr. Wigan especially insisted upon the facts which we
observe in insanity: that a patient knows he is insane; that
he knows that he has insane ideas; that he will put them for-
ward, and immediately afterwards will say, “I know they are
insane.” He is perfectly rational, while at the same time he
is completely insane. Dr. Wigan has concluded, without any
positive demonstration, that in these cases one-half of the brain
is normal and the other half is diseased; one-half is employed
with the mental faculties in a normal way, the other is employed
as regards the same faculties in an abnormal way. But there
are cases which are, perhaps, more interesting, and which, I
think, more clearly support the view, that there are two brains.
I saw a boy, for instance, at Notting Hill, in London, who had
two mental lives. In the course of the day, generally at the
same hour, but not constantly, his head was seen to fall
suddenly forward. He remained erect, however, if he was
standing, or if sitting he retained this position; if talking, he
stopped for a while; if making a movement, he stopped moving.
After continuing one or two minutes in this state of falling
or drooping of the head, appearing as if asleep with his eyes

closed, he would suddenly raise his head, open his eyes, being

4 THE TONER LECTURES.

quite awake, and then ask if there was anybody in the room
whom he had not previously seen,.who the person was, and
why he was not introduced to him; being all the time in a
state quite different from that of wakefulness. He had seen
me many times, and knew me very well. Being with him once
when one of these attacks occurred, he lifted his head and
asked his mother, “ Who is that gentleman?’ Why don’t you
introduce him to me?”? His mother introduced me. He did
not know me at all. He shook hands with me, and then I had
a conversation with him, such as a physician may have with a
patient. In another instance, when with him again, while he
had the same kind of an attack, I found that he recognized me
fully, and talked of what we had spoken of in our first inter-
view. I ascertained from what I witnessed myself, and from
what I obtained from his mother, a very intelligent woman, that
he had in reality two lives, two mental lives, one in his ordinary
state, and another occurring after those attacks of a kind of
sleep for about a minute or two, when he knew nothing of what
existed in his other state—in his ordinary life; that was all a
blank. He knew nothing during that second state but what
had occurred in previous periods of that same condition, but he
knew full well all that had occurred then; and his recollection
of everything was as perfect then as it was during his ordinary
life concerning the customary acts of that state. He had,
therefore, as I have said already, two absolutely distinct lives,
in each of which he knew everything that belonged to its
wakeful period; and in neither of which did he know anything
of what had occurred in the other. He remained in his abnormal
state for a time, which was extremely variable, between one and
three or four hours, and after that he fell asleep, and passed
out of that state of mind pretty much in the same way that he
had gone into it. I have seen three other cases of this kind,
and as so many have fallen under the observation of a single

medical practitioner, such cases cannot be extremely rare.

DUAL CHARACTER OF THE BRAIN. 5

As regards the faculty of speech, the fact that we have two
brains perfectly distinct, one from the other, is not, perhaps,
so easily proved as it may be in reference to the mind. We
well know, however, that a lesion in the left side of the brain
will produce loss of the faculty of speech; which belongs
almost exclusively to the left side of the brain; but the very
fact that the loss of speech depends on a disease in the left side
of the brain is itself an evidence that the left side of the brain
is quite distinct from the right side; that it is in fact a brain
in itself as regards that particular function of the organ which
we call the brain. Therefore, the well-known fact, that out of
one hundred cases in which the loss of the faculty of speech
had occurred, there is only one in which the disease was to be
found in the right side of the brain, is extremely important in
showing that the two sides of the brain may act independently
of each other. I shall have to return to this again, as much
of my argument depends on this point.

As regards sight, a theory has been advanced by a celebrated
philosopher, Dr. Wollaston, of London, which has been adopted
by a great many physiologists, although by no one without some
hesitation. But as there was no better theory proposed, it
was received as being at least probable if not demonstrated.
Wollaston held the opinion that the right side of the base of
the brain is the centre for sight in the right half of each eye.
The right half of the right eye is, of course, the half farthest
from the nose, and the right half of the left eye is the one
nearest the nose. The inner half of the left eye and the outer
half of the right eye have for their centre, according to this
view, the right side of the brain, and, vice versa, the left side
of the brain would be the centre for sight in the left or outer
half of the left eye and the inner half of the right eye. There
is, therefore, according to that view, a condition which is quite
peculiar. If we admit it for a moment, then we ought to find

that a disease in the left of the brain at the base must destroy
34

6 THE TONER LECTURES.

only one-half of the power of sight, and objects then if seen are
seen in half. Suppose a man to be looked at, there would be
visible, if it is the left side of the brain which is affected, only
the right half of the body. Wollaston himself had this trouble.
One day, trying to read the name of an instrument, the baro-
meter, he read “meter” only; the other part of the word,
‘“‘baro,” he could not see. Another eminent friend, while living
in France, Professor Agassiz, had the same affection. He saw
one-half of all objects. And a good many patients who are
affected especially with certain disorders of movement and with
diabetes have also this trouble; they see but half of objects.
There are, therefore, cases which seem to be in favor of the
view. But, continuing to consider what ought to take place, we
find that, if the disease exists only in a small part of the left
side of the brain, in that portion which serves for sight, we
ought to find that then only one-half of one eye will be affected.
There are such cases. If it is the other part of that same half
of the base of the brain which is affected, then it is one-half of
vision in both eyes which should be affected. There are also
facts of this kind.

There are, therefore, three kinds of facts which seem to sup-
port the view of Wollaston. But what of that? Philosophers
do not accept conclusions because there are some facts which
support them. We accept conclusions when all the known
facts are either in perfect harmony or clearly prove the conclu-
sion; and also when there is no fact that seems to be in oppo-
sition. It is requisite, therefore, either that all the facts are in
favor of the theory, or that while there are a number in favor
there are none in opposition. Such is not the case here. There
are a great many facts which show that a disease in one-half
of the brain will produce complete loss of sight of one eye,
either on the same or on the opposite side, or the two halves
of both eyes. Therefore there are three series of facts, while

DUAL CHARACTER OF THE BRAIN. T

one only would be enough, which demonstrate that the theory
ought to be rejected.

But as regards sight we find this, and it is a point of impor-
tance, that a disease anywhere in one-half of the brain can exist
without any alteration of sight whatever. A disease existing
in that part where the optic nerve enters the brain, destroying
that part altogether, may not be a cause of loss of sight; so
that one optic fibre alone may be perfectly sufficient for the
functions of the two eyes. Therefore I conclude that it is quite
enough to have one brain to have our power of sight; and as
it is so for each half of the brain, I can also conclude, and
this is a point of importance, that each half of the brain is inde-
pendent of the other, and that each of them possesses the
powers of serving to the sensations of sight. You will ask
how is it that a disease in certain cases in the brain will produce
loss of sight, and that in other cases a disease in the same
part will not produce loss of sight. As regards this, I cannot
develop at length what I would have to say; but if any of you
were present at my lecture in this city last year, or at the
Academy of Sciences to-day, you know that an alteration in
any part of the nervous system, whether in the brain or else-
where, can, by producing an irritation, act on other parts, so
as to produce the loss of a function of those other parts; and
so it is especially with sight. In many experiments I have
ascertained that injuring a small part of the spinal cord pro-
duces a loss of sight in the eye on the same side. An injury to
the medulla oblongata, a little higher than the part of the spinal
cord which produces loss of sight on the same side, will produce
a loss of sight, but in the opposite eye. There is, therefore, a
power of producing a loss of sight by irritation; and indeed
there is nothing more common in children having worms than
a diminution in the power of seeing. It is in the same way that
an irritation existing in certain parts of the brain will produce,
at a distance from the place where it exists, a loss of the func-

8 THE TONER LECTURES.

tion of sight. The cases that can serve as proof are, therefore,
not those alone in which we find that the disease exists, since
the loss of sight exists when there is a disease. The cases that
can serve positively must clearly bring us to a conclusion; as
those, on the contrary, which establish that an injury in any
part or one-half of the brain—even in that part which receives
the optic track—can exist without producing any loss of sight;
and that fact has been observed—more than five or six times to
my knowledge—and in those cases in the most decisive manner.
Therefore the conclusion I have drawn is established. Either
half of the brain may serve for the function of sight.

Now, as regards the volitional movements, the voluntary
movements, if you like to call them so. Those movements, as
you well know, have been considered as depending on each half
of the brain for one-half of the body. Still, many physiologists
have ascertained that there are muscles in our system in the
neck, in the eye, in the throat, and in the back also, which
escape paralysis when there is disease in one-half of the brain;
and for these cases a theory has been imagined to explain how
it was that the left half of the brain, for instance, is not the
regulator of the movements in the right side of the body. I
shall pass over that theory, and come to the point of importance
in the object which I have in view.

As regards volitional movements, there are cases on record
which leave no doubt that either the anterior lobe of the brain,
the middle lobe, or the posterior lobe, the three essential parts
of the organ, can be destroyed and voluntary movements not
be interfered with at all. There are many cases—perhaps the
word many” is too strong, but there are at least seven or eight
to my knowledge—of the destruction of the whole half of the
brain without any interference with the voluntary movement.
Therefore we are not to look upon one-half of the brain as being
necessarily the organ serving to the movement of the body on
the opposite side. And also another inference; we are to look

DUAL CHARACTER OF THE BRAIN. 9

upon one-half of the brain, in some individuals at least, as
being able to control voluntary movements in the two sides
of the body. If so, certainly the point I have in view—that
is, to show that we have two brains—is established as regards
voluntary movements. We have certainly two brains as regards
voluntary movements; and if it is found in most cases that even
a slight injury limited to a small part of the brain will produce
a paralysis on the opposite side, or sometimes on the corre-
sponding side—if that is found, it is on account of the principle
which I mentioned a moment ago; that is, that an irritation in
any part of the brain can affect functions in other parts through
transmitted irritation. And I can say in regard to voluntary
movements what may be said as to worms in the bowels, as
well as an irritation in a tooth, in the stomach, in the lungs, in
tne heart, or an irritation in the skin; in other words, an irri-
tation wherever there is a nerve subject to be irritated, all can
produce a paralysis as well as an irritation in a part of the
brain. And therefore, when we see a slight alteration in a very
limited part of the brain cause a complete paralysis on the
opposite side of the body, we are not to conclude that it is
owing to the loss of function of voluntary power where the
disease exists, but that it depends upon an irritation starting
from the place where we see the disease, and acting upon remote
parts so as to produce the loss of the function. The mere fact,
that a disease exceedingly limited in extent can produce a com-
plete paralysis in the opposite side of the body, is sufficient to
show that it does not depend on the loss of the function of
will; for the cause of motion of one-half of the body cannot be
located in a very limited part of the brain. If it were the other
side of the brain which produced that complete paralysis, if
we found that paralysis is more or less extensive, more or less
durable according to the extent of the disease in one-half of the
brain, then we might conclude that the disease has destroyed

the power of will in that half of the brain, and therehy produced

10 THE TONER LECTURES.

the loss of voluntary movement on the opposite side. But that
is not what we find. We see that the lesion which has destroyed
one-half of the brain may allow voluntary movement, while a
lesion which is not larger than a pea in any one part of the
brain can produce a loss of voluntary movement. Therefore
we are to admit that when the paralysis of movement comes in
connection with disease of one-half of the brain, it depends on
an influence starting from the place where the disease is acting
upon remote parts so as to produce a cessation of activity
there, or in other words a paralysis.

The same reasoning may be applied in regard to perception
of sensation. Here also we find the same thing. I shall, there-
fore, not dwell on that point. We know a thousand cases of
disease occupying one-half of the brain that has not produced
the slightest alteration in the power of feeling. But, if it is so,
it remains to be explained how it is, that the two halves of the
brain come to be in some respects different, and that the phy-
siological and pathological study of the two halves of the brain
indicates great differences in this respect. If we pass in review
what is known, we find very great differences indeed. These dif-
ferences depend on the fact that, through the fault of our fathers
and mothers, the faults that weigh upon us, and have led us to
make use of only one-half of our body for certain acts, and one-
half of our brain for certain other acts also—we find that it is
owing to that defect in our education that one-half of our brain
is developed for certain things, while the other half of the brain
is developed for other things. As regards what belongs to the
left side of the brain compared with the right side of the brain,
allow me to say the most important feature in its physiology or
pathology is what a French physician has discovered. It is, as
I have said already, that to that side of the brain belongs the
faculty of expressing ideas by speech Besides that mental
faculty of speech, the left side of the brain possesses, in a much
more marked degree than the right, the power of moving the

DUAL CHARACTER OF THE BRAIN. it

tongue and larynx and muscles of the chest to produce the
sounds of articulate voice. Articulation of sounds in speech in
a great measure depends on the left side of the brain. I mean
by the words “in a great measure” that it is chiefly the left side
of the brain which has the power of acting upon the organs. So
that more frequently in cases of disease of the left side of the
brain do we find the difficulty in the mechanical part of the
speech than in cases of disease of the right side of the brain.
But that, although speech is, when defective, mechanical, and
is something like a gesture, there is a mental sign in it, and
I cannot but consider it as representing some mental trouble.
My pupil and assistant in London, who has become a very
eminent man since, Dr. J. Hughlings Jackson, has also insisted
on the point, that it is the memory for direction of movements
of the muscles which serve to articulate, which is lost, and not
the mere power of moving the muscles of the tongue, larynx,
or chest. I have had proof of this in a great many instances,
that, when told to do so, the patient could move the tongue in
any direction, could move the larynx and utter sounds very
well, but could not articulate, so that it was the mental part
of that mechanical act—the mental part of which was altered,
and not purely a mechanical action lost. The left side of the
brain is also the one that leads in gestures, and that by a very
simple reason, which is, that it is the left side of the brain
which mainly directs the movement of the right arm, and it is
chiefly with the right arm that we make our gestures. Still, it
is likely, as pathological facts show, or at least appear to
show, that even the motion of the left arm depends on the
left side of the brain as regards gestures, as we find that in
patients who have a disease of the right side of the brain the
faculty is lost of making gestures with either the right or the
left arm. That of course shows, or at any rate seems to show,
that the left side of the brain is the organ for gestures chiefly.

In a few cases, however, of disease of the right side of the

12 THE TONER LECTURES.

brain, the power of making gestures has been lost as well as in
case of disease of the left side of that organ.

As regards the power of writing, there is a difficulty which
you will easily understand. Still there are many facts which
show that the power of writing ean be lost more easily, and is
lost more frequently in cases of disease of the left side of the
brain than in cases of disease of the right side of the brain—a
difficulty which many of you have understood without my men-
tioning it. We conclude that the right arm is not rarely
paralyzed in diseases of the left side of the brain, and as we
write with the right arm, it is very natural that, on being
paralyzed, we cannot write; but very few patients have lost
altogether the movements of the fingers, and cannot form the
least sign, though many of them cannot at all form a letter.
They will, be able, however, if they have a letter written by.
some one whose handwriting is not very much different from
theirs (and sometimes when it is different), they will be able to
imitate what is under their eye, but they cannot from memory
write anything; at all events, they cannot express ideas by
writing. They are attacked with what is called agraphia—
that is, aloss of the faculty of expressing ideas by writing.
In many of these cases of patients attacked with agraphia
there is a perfect power of moving the right arm. The arm is
not paralyzed in all cases where the left side of the brain is
paralyzed; there is often no paralysis on the right side of the
body or the left; no paralysis anywhere. In these cases, it has
occurred sometimes that the patient could not write at all; so
that it is clear that the loss of the faculty of expressing ideas
by writing does not depend on the paralysis which in these
cases had no existence.

Another thing depends on disease of the left side of the
brain more than the right side of the brain, and that is intelli-
gence. Alterations of the mind manifesting themselves in the

various forms of insanity depend more frequently, I should

DUAL CHARACTER OF THE BRAIN. 13

say, on diseases of the left side of the brain than on diseases
of the right side. This is all I know now which belongs to the
left side of the brain. The right side of the brain is quite dif-
ferent. From all that I have stated about the left side, as you
will see, that organ is chiefly the organ serving the mental
faculties, either in speech, or in intelligence, or in gesture, or
in writing. That organ, therefore, is the important organ in
our system adapted to the life of communication between our-
selves and our brethren in a mental way. But the other organ
—the right side of the brain, in some individuals, as you will
see, has the power of the left side, and in all, perhaps, it might
have had it if the proper development had taken place; but this
right side has also additional functions. The right side of the
brain serves chiefly the emotional manifestations, hysterical
manifestations included, and to the needs of the nutrition of
the body in various parts. There is, therefore, taking a large
view of the differences between the two brains, this difference,
that one of them—the left—serves to what we call the life of
relation, while the right serves to what we call the organic life.
This view, which I put forward five or six years ago, has begun
now to receive demonstration from several physicians, and I
am, therefore, the more emboldened in maintaining its correct-
ness. The right side of the brain is remarkable in producing
alterations of nutrition either in limbs that are paralyzed, or in
the back. It is perfectly well known that a number of patients
die every month in every large city, of ulcerations taking place
on the nates or on the sacrum originating from an irritation
of the brain. These patients are more numerous among those
attacked by disease in the right side of the. brain than among
those attacked with disease in the left side of the brain. Either
cdema or bed-sores, either one or the other of those two kinds
of lesions is more frequent in cases of disease of the right side
of the brain than in cases of the left side. The proportion is

considerable. It is as two-thirds for the right side of the brain
2

14 THE TONER LECTURES.

and one-third for the left. There are many other points which
show the same thing. An ulceration in the lungs, an ulceration
in the liver, a hemorrhage, for instance, and sudden inflamma-
tion—all these disturbances can take place from an irritation of
the brain, as I have shown; but in these cases it is chiefly the
right side of the brain that has the power.

I have already said that hysterical and emotional symptoms
are more common in cases of disease of the right side of the
brain. This has been established already by a good many
physicians—Drs. Briquet and De Fleury, and a good many
others, besides myself. We have collected cases of paralysis in
one-half of the body, caused by hysteria, and this proportion
has been found; out of 121 cases of paralysis caused by hysteria
(a paralysis which is usually merely transient, and very rarely
lasts long)—in 121 of these cases there was disease of the brain
on the right side 97 times, and disease on the left 24 times; so
that the right side predominates in this class of affections.
That paralysis exists on the left side of the body more fre-
quently than on the right side you well know, and, as it affects
chiefly the right side of the brain, it affects chiefly the left side
of the body.

Now as regards other points, my pupil, Dr. Jackson, has
ascertained that an inflammation of the retina produces amau-
rosis more frequently in both eyes from disease of the right
side of the brain than the left side. Convulsions of the eye
take place very frequently in cases of disease of the brain. I
have ascertained, from a study of the cases published by Dr.
Prevost, Dr. Charmel, and many others besides my own, that
out of 69 cases in which these convulsions of the eye occurred
there were 47 due to the disease in the right side of the brain,
and 22 due to disease in the left side of the brain. Therefore
there is a great difference between the two sides of the brain,
as you will see. It is also so as regards general convulsions.

Callender and myself have shown that general convulsions will

DUAL CHARACTER OF THE BRAIN. 15

occur much more frequently in cases of disease of the right
side of the brain than in cases of disease of the left side. I
have ascertained that both will occur far more frequently in
cases of disease of the right side of the brain than in cases of
disease of the same extent and the same location in the left side
of the brain. Not only disease in the right side of the brain
will have the greatest power in this respect, but it will also, if the
patient does not die, produce a more marked paralysis; a more
extensive and more permanent one. So that, as regards degree,
as regards extent, as regards duration of the paralysis, the right
side of the brain is by far worse than the left, showing again
that that side has the greater power of nutrition. There are a
good many other points showing a difference of ‘the same kind,
I pass them over, as time presses. There is, therefore, as you
will see, a radical difference between the two sides of the brain.
But now this depends, as I have said already, not upon the fact
that the two sides of the brain are very different originally, but
it depends on development. Every organ which is put in use
for a certain function becomes developed, and more efficient in
performing that function. Indeed, the organ shows it in size.
The left side of the brain, which is used most in our system, is
larger than the right side of the brain. The left side besides re-
ceives a great deal more blood than the right side of the brain,
because it has a preponderance in our system, and every organ
that acts much, receives more blood. As regards the influence
of action on the brain, there is a fact which hatters know very
well. If a person is accustomed for many, many years from
adult life—say from 20 up to 40 or more—to go to the same
hatter, the hatter will find after a time that he has to enlarge
the hat of his customer; and, indeed, a person advanced in life,
even having passed, as your lecturer has, 56, has a chance to
observe such a change. There is no period of six months that
has passed that I have not found that my hat, if neglected and
put aside, became too small. The head, therefore, growing, is a

16 THE TONER LECTURES.

very strong proof that the brain also grows. Action, therefore,
is a means of increasing size, is a means of development; and
I kave no doubt that a good many among you have observed
that, after they have paid great attention to a subject, they have
not only acquired knowledge on that subject, but become much
more able to solve questions relating to that subject—that they
have developed the part of the brain which has been used for
the acts in which they have been engaged, and that part has
become far more able to perform its functions. This is perfectly
well shown by everything in our system. We well know what
a power a pianist can have, if he continues to exercise his fingers
and brain on the piano. But such a pianist neglecting to per-
form the acts that he was accustomed to perform before, it is
very soon found that there is a defect. We must go on, there-
fore, exercising the organs in which we desire to have the great
activity of life. There is no doubt, therefore, that the left side
of the brain, as is shown by its great enlargement compared
with the right side, and as is shown also by the quantity of
blood that it receives, that that organ is the one which is pre-
dominant in our system. But our being right-handed shows
this also.

It is quite certain that right-handedness depends something
on nature. As you well know, the wildest populations in the
world are right-handed, as we are. There is no people any-
where in the world that has not been found right-handed.
There is therefore in man a cause which makes the right side
of the body to be selected as the one to be used the most, and
together with that right side of the body the left side of the
brain, which usually moves that right side, is increased con-
siderably in power and in size. There is, therefore, primitively,
a development given through some natural cause to the left
side. We find that individuals who are left-handed make use
of the right side of the brain, and when they become confused—

when they lose the faculty of expressing ideas by speech—it is

DUAL CHARACTER OF THE BRAIN. 17

the right side of the brain that is affected, showing the connec-
tion between the development of one-half of the brain in the use
of one arm, and the development of that same half of the brain
in the faculty of expressing ideas by speech. There is, there-
fore, a connection between these two things, and on this point
I shall dwell a little more ina moment. There is primitively a
difference between the two brains, and Professor Gratiolet has
discovered in children that the second convolution—the convo-
lution of the left side of the brain—is developed quicker than
the convolution of the right side. This may be in a measure
owing to hereditary traits; but at any rate, as there is an evidence
that there is a natural tendency to make use of the right arm,
it is certain that a part of that ability of development on the
left side is due to something natural—that something natural
will be found, if it is examined, in the greater supply of blood
to that part. Even parrots and birds show something very
interesting as regards right-handedness. Parrots perch only
on the right leg, or mostly only on the right leg. Very few
parrots out of twenty taken at random, perch on the left leg,
according to what Dr. William Ogle ascertained after having
examined a great number of them. Parrots, of course, are
known to have something like speech—a parrot’s speech, of
course. It is perfectly well known that the mechanical parts
of speech belong to them, and it is remarkable that their left
brain receives also more blood by far than their right brain.
There is therefore a relation between all these things in the
development of the right side of the limbs and the amount of
blood received by the left side of the brain. There is another
point of importance. Prof. Broadbent and others have found
that in the left side of the brain the mass of gray matter is
greater, and there are more conyolutions than in the right side
of the brain.

Now we come to four points of great importance in this

lecture. They are the vital points, I may say, in the argument

18 THE TONER LECTURES.

I have presented here. The first of these points I have already
spoken of. It is, that we find that agraphia is connected with
the left side of the brain in persons who are right-handed, and
with the right side of the brain in persons who are left-handed.
This, certainly, is a very strong argument to show that the
side of the brain which serves the motion of one side of the
body, that side—if the side of the body be the one which leads,
is the most important of the two—that side of the brain then
is the one that serves chiefly to the mental life in our system.
The mental life of our system, therefore, seems to be developed
considerably in the organ which itself seems to be developed in
a great measure owing to the action of will in one-half of the
body. There is certainly a connection between these things,
but that will come out more by and by.

The second point is, that in children who have not yet
learned to talk, or who have already learned only a little, if
disease comes in the left side of the brain, the one, I repeat,
which is, usually, the most rapid in its development if disease
comes to produce atrophy, so that the left side of the brain
becomes useless, those children then learn to talk just as well,
or nearly as well, as if they had no such affection, and they
learn it with the right side of the brain, which is the only one
acting. They were not born (the most of them, if not all of
them, if there is any exception I don’t know it) of parents who
were left-handed, and there was no reason for their being left-
handed. They had the misfortune of losing the half of the
brain which served usually to the mental faculties, and other
mental faculties became developed—the power of speech and
action—and they make use of the left arm then just as well as
any one of the right-handed people makes use of the right arm.
There is in these facts clear proof that the right side of the
brain can be educated to become a leader in mental faculties as
well as the left side of the brain. There is a clear proof that

the right side of the brain can lead movements and obtain exe-

DUAL CHARACTER OF THE BRAIN. 19

cution with the left arm, just as most people who are right-
handed obtain execution of movement with their right arm.
These facts, therefore, are decisive in favor of the view that I
have for my object in this lecture.

The third point of importance is that with a given number
of individuals, out of 100 examined by Dr. Wm. Ogle, who
were left-handed, four only had learned to write with the left
arm. They had been taught by their parents, although they
were left-handed, to make use of the right hand to write, and
their writing with the left arm, the author states, was very
clumsy. In one of the cases he had to learn the facts from
what the patient had to say; the patient being paralyzed in
the left hand, he could not write; but in the others he had the
proof, and could see. Therefore, the left side of the brain, even
in persons who are left-handed naturally—even in persons who
make use chiefly of the right side of the brain—can be educated
so as to produce a very good handwriting instead, and better
than the writing by the left arm.

The fourth point of importance is one on which I shall not
dwell, as it implies a knowledge of medicine that you have not,
but I shall state it in only a few words. It is exceedingly rare
that the leg is affected to the same degree by paralysis as the
arm, and the leg, as you well know, is not a part which we
develop as much in its movements as we do the right arm. If
a patient is struck with paralysis, for instance, on the right side
of the body, owing to a disease of the left side of the brain, he
will lose more, if he does lose movement at all—he will lose
more of it in the right arm which he has been accustomed to
train than in the right leg. But, I repeat, that this argument
cannot be understood well except by medical men. I pass it
over therefore.

There is no reason whatever to object to our teaching children
to make use of the two sides of the body. If you have been
convinced by the arguments I have given that we have two

20 THE TONER LECTURES.

brains, it is clear that we ought to develop both of them, and I
can say, at any rate, as much as this, there is a chance—I
would not say more, but at least I can say there is a chance—
that, if we develop the movements of the two sides of the body,
the two arms and the two legs, one just as much as the other,
there is a probability that the two sides of the brain then will
be developed, as regards the mental faculties, one as much as
the other.

The facts that I have brought forward, the last especially—
what I have called the four points of importance, and particu-
larly the first three, show that there is a connection between
the development of the brain as regards the mental faculties,
and the development of the brain as regards leading movements
in one side of the body. There is a great probability, therefore,
that, if we give a good deal of attention, or, better, as much
attention to the left side of our body as we give to the right,
there is a great chance that we would have two brains, as re-
gards mental functions, instead of one, as we have now. There
is no doubt that we can improve the two sides of the body con-
stantly. The facts I have mentioned as regards those children
having atrophy on the left side of the body, do not leave room
to doubt. It is clear we can develop the left side so as to make
it exercise all the functions which exist in most of us in the left
side of the brain, and, if so in cases of atrophy on one side of
the brain, why not so in cases in which we have two brains? I
think, therefore, the important point should be to try to make
every child, as early as possible, exercise the two sides of the
body equally—to make use of them alternately. One day or
one week it would be one arm which would be employed for
certain things, such as writing, cutting meat, or putting a fork
or spoon in the mouth, or in any of the other various duties in
which both the hands and the feet are employed. In this way
it would be very easy indeed to obtain a great deal, if not all
the undeveloped power possible to the individual. We know

DUAL CHARACTER OF THE BRAIN. 21

that even adults can come to make use of their left arm. <A
person who has lost his right arm can learn to write (with
difficulty, it is true, because in adult life it is much more diffi-
_cult to produce these effects than in childhood), and the left
arm can be used in a great variety of ways by persons who
wish to make use of it. It is perfectly well known that the left
arm is employed in playing on the piano or on certain other
instruments almost as well as the right arm. Therefore there
is no difficulty in training children to make use of both sides
of the body equally.

There is also another fact as regards the influence of training.
Even in adults, who have lost the power of speech from disease
of the left side of the brain, it is possible to train the patient to
speak, and most likely then, by the use of the right side of the
brain, the left side of those patients, with great difficulty, will
come to learn. They always have more difficulty than do
children, but they learn if they are taught in the same way. It
is the same kind of teaching that we employ for a child when
we try to make it speak; it is the same way that should be em-
ployed to teach an adult who has lost the power of speech. It
is so, also, as regards gesture, and the rest. I have trained
some patients to make gestures with the left arm, who had lost
the power of gesture with the right, and who were quite uncom-
fortable because their left arm, when they tried to move it, at
times moved in quite an irregular way, and without any
harmony. There is an aptness acquired by training, therefore,
even in adults, and, if so, that capacity exists in children, and
as we well know that we can make a child naturally left-handed
to become right-handed, in the same way we can make a child
who is naturally right-handed to be left-handed also. But the
great point should be to equally develop the two sides. To
point out this has been the principal object of this lecture; and
I have now to thank you for having listened to these long and

tedious details.
35

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SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS,
————— 219 —___—_

THE TONER LECTURES

INSTITUTED TO ENCOURAGE THE DISCOVERY OF NEW TRUTHS

FOR THE ADVANCEMENT OF MEDICINE.

Lecture IP

ON STRAIN AND OVER-ACTION OF THE HEART.

BY

J. M. DA COSTA, M.D.,
PROFESSOR OF PRACTICE OF MEDICINE IN JEFFERSON MEDICAL COLLEGE, PHILADELPHIA 5
PHYSICIAN TO THE PENNSYLVANIA HOSPITAL, ETC.

DELIVERED MAY 14, 1874.

WASHINGTON:

BMD He S/ON ACN SEN Set Ue Tab OUN.
AUGUST, 1874.

ADVERTISEMENT.

Tue “Toner Lectures” have been instituted at Washington,
D. C., by Joseph M. Toner, M.D., who has placed in charge of
a Board of Trustees, consisting of the Secretary of the Smith-
sonian Institution, the Surgeon-General of the United States
Army, the Surgeon-General of the United States Navy, and
the President of the Medical Society of the District of Colum-
bia, a fund, “the interest of which is to be applied for at least
two annual memoirs or essays relative to some branch of medi-°
cal science, and containing some new truth fully established by
experiment or observation.”

As these lectures are intended to increase and diffuse knowl-
edge, they have been accepted for publication by the Smith-
sonian Institution in its ‘ Miscellaneous Collections.”

JOSEPH HENRY,
Secretary Smithsonian Institution.

SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION,
Washingtor, August, 1874.

(iii )

LECAURE Lit,

Delivered May 14, 1874.

ON STRAIN AND OVER-ACTION OF THE HEART.
By J. M. Da Costa, M.D.

By the kind invitation of the Trustees of the Toner Lectures
I am here to-night to address you on some subject connected
with our common profession. The choice is practically left to
the speaker; but if I understand correctly the aim of the emi-
nent gentleman whose public spirit has founded these lectures,
it is that they shall deal not so much with mere isolated facts,
however interesting these may be, but rather with some gene-
ral topic, susceptible of being discussed in its broad traits, and
the discussion of which should, if possible, contribute to its
clearer and fuller understanding. It is acting in this belief
that I select a subject admitting of as comprehensive treatment
as that of the Production of Diseases of the Heart; and I am
the more tempted to take this as my discourse when I remem-
ber that the starting point of several of the conclusions I wish
to lay before you was in some researches conducted under the
auspices of the office over which another trustee of these lec-
tures, the Surgeon-General, so ably presides.

Affections of the heart are very common, and, I think,
becoming more so. I have recently seen a statement, the result
of statistical inquiries, that there are three kinds of diseases
which, in this wide and busy land of ours, are steadily on the
increase—insanity, and some affections of the nervous system;

dyspepsia; and diseases of the heart. No one engaged in the

1 (1)

2 THE TONER LECTURES. ;

practice of medicine can fail to appreciate how very prevalent
the latter are, and the question is worthy of the deepest study,
What causes them, and can we by any means materially lessen
their increasing frequency? Again, is there anything in our
habits and mode of life, in our work, our amusements, which
can be so altered as to avert them? Of many we know the
origin to be either an inherited trouble, or an attack of acute
rheumatism, or those changes in the muscular structure and
in the coats of the great vessels, which go hand in hand
with general decay. But these sources of cardiac disease
are so well understood that nothing would be here gained by
their description. I desire rather to speak to you of a cause
very little appreciated, to some scarcely known—the produc-
tion of disease of the heart by strain and over-action. Strain
and over-action may go together, or they may not, and the
former may or may not precede the latter. While thus there
is a close connection, at times nearly an identity, between the
two, it will be convenient, in a general way, to limit the idea
of strain, unless the contrary is stated, to an acute strain, an
injury by sudden, violent effort; and to think of over-action,
over-exertion, or over-work—for these terms may be employed
almost synonymously—as a persistent excitement and derange-
ment produced by less rapidly acting causes.

Now, a strain may rupture the muscular walls of the heart,
and though there is the greatest doubt whether it can do so
unless they are previously diseased, there is none as regards
the rupture under strain of fatty or otherwise enfeebled walls.
But I pass this by to speak of breaks and tears in the valvular
apparatus and great vessels, clearly the result of sudden disturb-
ance. A person, for instance, is seized quickly, after unusual
exertion, with pain in the heart. He is recognized to have a
distinct murmur, which never leaves him, and sooner or later
the typical phenomena of valvular disease will show them-

selves, varying, of course, as this or that valve has been the

STRAIN AND OVER-ACTION OF THE HEART. 3

one damaged. No matter what valve be the seat of the acci-
dent, severe pain, occurring suddenly, and returning in parox-
ysms, is apt to be a symptom of valve tear, and often the
patient will remember that just preceding the first attack of
pain he has felt something give way within the chest. The
valves which suffer most frequently from injury are the aortic
and the mitral valves. A segment of the mitral has been often
observed torn from its attachment; but the same thing may
happen at the tricuspid. Thus a case was brought to my
notice by Dr. Thomas.F. Wood, of Wilmington, N. C., in
which in a man, forty years of age, severe paroxysms of car-
diac pain happened at irregular intervals, and were attendea
with distinct venous pulsation. This was, however, also noticed
independently of the cardiac distress; though only markedly
while this lasted, or just before, or soon after. At the autopsy
the heart was found to be enormously hypertrophied; one of
the papillary muscles of the tricuspid valve was torn from its
attachments both from the walls of the heart and the tendinous
cord; and a piece was really found floating in the pulmonary
artery. The right auricle and ventricle formed a continuous
pouch filled with coagulum. The muscular structure of the
heart was not examined microscopically; but to the eye it did
not appear fatty.

You have, in the class of cases just alluded to, the result of
muscular strain, or violent muscular exertion. But the same
result, | am sure, may happen from extraordinary mental emo-
tion or shock. Let me give you some instances.

Mrs. B., a woman of intelligence and character, about thirty
years of age, was awakened one night in September, 1862, by a
noise in her house, and in getting out of bed she came in con-
tact with a strange man. She was very much frightened, but
succeeded in getting him out of the door. Listening, still
greatly alarmed, she overheard a conversation that the party

would return when the moon went down. Her husband was

4 THE TONER LECTURES.

absent, and on the spur of the moment she started, with one
child in her arm, and leading another by the hand, across the
fields and over fences to the nearest neighbor, a distance of
about one-quarter of a mile. Her previous health had been
excellent, but after this perilous night journey she began to be
troubled with shortness of breath and severe beating in her
chest. The physical signs of an aneurism of the aorta grad-
ually became evident, and she died a few months since by the
external rupture of an aneurism which had corroded the
sternum.*

This case cannot, perhaps, be adduced as a pure one of mere
agitation and fright leading to rent or injury, since it is possi-
ble that the violent exertion in carrying her children may have
led to the accident. But even if it did so, it happened when
she was previously much excited, and the alarm continued
during her flight. In the instance I am about to detail to you
there was no severe muscular effort that accompanied the
nervous shock :—

Some years since a blooming girl of eighteen was brought to
my office by her mother, to consult me with reference to palpi-
tation and shortness of breath on exertion, which had developed
themselves suddenly. I found a well-marked aortic, regurgitant
lesion. She never had had rheumatism, had been, indeed, in
perfect health until a certain day, and had been remarkable for
the ease and endurance with which she rode and walked long
distances. But one night—it was in the midst of the trouble-
some times in the border States during the civil war—while
she and her mother were alone in the house, which stood some
distance from any neighbor's, and the father was known to be
far away with the army, two men entered the dwelling, and,
notwithstanding the entreaty of the mother, slowly ascended the

* The case will be reported in full in the October number of the
American Journal of the Medical Sciences by my late clinical assistant,
Dr. Webb.

STRAIN AND OVER-ACTION OF THE HEART. 5

wide staircase. The girl was beside herself with agitation and
alarm—the mother, resolute, told them not to advance or she
would fire. The warning was unheeded; the flash of the
pistol followed. The fire desperately wounded one of the in-
vaders; the other fled. But from that fatal night the girl was
a wreck; the palpitations never left; and after a few years, I
am sorry to record, the cardiac trouble led to death.

You see, then, in these cases the effect of strain and over-
excitement of the heart in producing organic lesion. You will
say there must have been some previous disease of the struc-
tures, or they would not so readily have given way. But the
ages of the patient are not those at which degenerative tissue-
change is apt to happen. Moreover, I find in the literature of
medicine similar cases mentioned which have occurred in very
young children. Thus, in the Boston Medical and Surgical
Journal for November, 1866, Dr. Hitchcock records a rupture
of the tricuspid valve from fright in a little girl two years and
nine months of age. She was often nervously excited by loud
noises, and when in the middle of the night the steam fire-
whistle was suddenly and protractedly sounded near her
window, awoke in terror screaming and panting; and it was
hours before she could be quieted. Her breathing remained
labored, and at her death, seventy-eight hours after the fright,
the right auriculo-ventricular valves were found to be lace-
rated and broken in their substance, as were also several of the
columne carneze, and chordee tendine.

The explanation of cases like these has been attempted on
the supposition of a rapidly developed endocarditis. Yet
where is the proof of this? There may be more likely, after
all, in many instances some imperfection which is the cause of
the break. But this does not always appear to the naked eye,
and even with the microscope the difference from health is not
invariably of pronounced character. Clinically it is undoubted
that the violent agitation produces the first evidence of disease,

6 THE TONER LECTURES.

and that without this agitation normal life will not be inter-
fered with. But before passing on to the consideration of
other matters, let me, in confirmation of the idea that there
may be a slight alteration, under ordinary circumstances in-
nocuous, but becoming serious under strain, tell you that I
have occasionally, in post-mortem examinations, found valves

with slight fissures in them. In this drawing (Fig. 1), taken

Fig. 1.

from a specimen now in the Museum of the Pennsylvania Hos-
pital, I show you such a state of the valves—not a lesion, you
perceive, which, under ordinary circumstances, would have occa-
sioned marked disorder, but sufficient to have produced a rent
under any strain, or severe and sudden abnormal working of
the organ.

We have thus examined into the effect of strain or violent
agitation in developing rapidly organic disease of the heart or
its great vessels. Let us now investigate another part of the
subject, and study the functional excitement of the heart and .
its consequences, when the excitement acts through a longer
period of time—when we have, therefore, continued over-action
and over-work. There are various groups which present
themselves here to view, but as it will not be possible to
do more than examine a few of them, I shall endeavor to

STRAIN AND OVER-ACTION OF THE HEART. t

look with you at those which shall best illustrate the general
argument of the lecture.

There is, first, the “irritable heart.” This is a condition
which became familiar to many of you during the late war;
and I shall but very briefly recall its main features—tne
‘more briefly as I may refer you to a full description of it I
published in the American Journal of the Medical Sciences
for January, 1871. It consists chiefly in extremely rapid
action of the heart, attended with pain in the chest, dizzi-
ness, and oppression. The pulse is small, and readily com-
pressible; its frequency is greatly lessened by the recumbent
posture. The impulse of the heart is extended, abrupt; the
first sound is short, the second very distinct. Occasionally
the first sound is replaced by an inconstant murmur; the
respiration is not hurried or frequent in proportion to the
pulse. The general health often appears good, or at least it
may be fully restored while the cardiac malady remains. Hard
field service, particularly excessive marching, and diarrhcea
act as the predominant causes. Digitalis and rest are, on the
whole, the most successful remedies.

Here you have a short statement of the irritable heart
of soldiers. But it is my object now to call your attention
to the phenomena you meet with in your ordinary professional
life, and in so doing I take the opportunity of supplementing
my observations on the irritable heart of soldiers with obser-
vations on the same malady as I have encountered it in private
practice. In truth, excepting that the disorder is less violent,
and the cardiac pain usually less severe, the malady is iden-
tical. I have noticed it in persons who, without previous
training, had suddenly undergone great and sustained exer-
tion, as pedestrians, or in climbing. Handfield Jones, in his
work on Functional Nervous Disorders, in commenting on the
cases I have described, mentions that he had had personal

experience of the malady; for after making a long mountain

8 - THE TONER LECTURES.

excursion when he was out of condition, he became extremely
fatigued, and was ill and sleepless the following night, and
some days later was attacked by severe przecordial distress,
with sensation of impending death, which harassed him for a
considerable time. Now, if in cases of the kind the violent
exertion is maintained for a longer period, we have the typical
irritable heart developed.

But we may have it also coming on suddenly under circum-
stances of particular excitement, and then persisting. Of
this I encountered an instance some years since in a man who
had served in the army to the end of the war without the least
evidence of cardiac distress, and joined in 1866 the marine corps,
being at the time in excellent health. He was sent to Alaska, and
on the return voyage a heavy storm occurred that necessitated
his remaining on duty for forty-eight hours, all of which time he
was greatly excited and alarmed. Palpitation developed itself,
and annoyed him so much that, three weeks after the storm which
so upset him, he applied to a physician for relief from the
severe cardiac beating. I saw him in 1869, and his case was a
typical one of irritable heart; the action was excessively fre-
quent; the beats of the pulse not even; the respirations were
only twenty-four, and he was not much troubled with difficulty
in breathing excepting in going up stairs. There was a soft
systolic murmur near the apex. Rest, digitalis, and bella-
donna improved his condition very much, and the cardiac
murmur disappeared; but though he was under treatment for
six months, the frequent and irregular action of the heart did
not entirely leave him.

Violent excitement may thus give rise to an irritable heart,
which may become a very obstinate condition. But such cases
bear no proportion to those in which the exciting cause acts
more gradually and over a long space of time.

Of causes that are very commonly the starting point of irritable
heart, and with which I know observation has made you familiar,

\

STRAIN AND OVER-ACTION OF THE HEART. 9

I may mention irregularity or excess in eating and in drinking,
sexual disorders, long matrimonial engagements, the abuse of
tea, of coffee, of tobacco. There is, of course, a great deal to be
said about individual peculiarity favoring the development of the
complaint, and one person may do that or take that with impu-
nity which in another is sure to produce disturbance. Thus,
malt liquors alone give rise to irritability of the heart in one,
certain wines in another; and in some families there runs a
strong tendency to palpitation, which is readily developed by
causes influencing the heart that are without effect in others.
Of the sources of irritable heart alluded to, tobacco is one of
the most common. Its use not only produces irritability of the
organ, but immensely aggravates an existing tendency to
palpitation; and one of the traits of the irritable heart due
to tobacco is that irregularity of the action, shown by inter-
mission or irregularity of beat, is a very ordinary feature.

Yet another cause I may mention as giving rise to a per-
sistent excitement of the heart, and favoring its over-action,
are preceding febrile seizures, whether malarial or of continued
fevers. And cases thus originating may last for a very long
period. I saw recently one in a lady in whom the cardiac dis-
order began in a severe attack of typhoid fever twenty years
ago. But it is, perhaps, not fair to speak of these instances
as due to mere perverted action of the organ; there is often
a coexisting structural change in the muscle; for we find
in many of these fevers by careful examination, certainly in
typhoid, in typhus, and in yellow fever, a granular degenera-
tion of the muscular fibres of the organ.

One of the most interesting circumstances connected with
the forms of over-action or over-excitement of the heart we
have been glancing at, is, that however purely functional this
shall have been at the outset, organic disease of the heart may
grow out of it. In the paper on the irritable heart of soldiers,

and previously in one forming part of the Medical Memoirs of

10 THE TONER LECTURES.

the U. S. Sanitary Commission, issued in 1867, I have pub-
lished a number of cases proving this view. ‘’o these I could
add others traced out since the publication of these investi-
gations. But as already indicated, I prefer here to draw my
illustrations from the records of private practice, and doing
this, will cite these examples in further proof of my
proposition.

First. The case of a lady with very bad prolapsus, and other
uterine trouble. When I first saw her she had simply a func-
tionally disturbed, rapidly beating heart. I lost sight of her,
and when, after about a year, she consulted me again, the
impulse had grown heavier and more forcible, and there was
beginning hypertrophy. Another year passed, a year which
had brought with it much mental worry and during which she
had paid very little attention to her health, and I found that
the slight cardiac enlargement had become marked dilated
lypertrophy.

Secondly. The case of an inveterate and most extensive user
of tobacco in a man thirty-six years of age, who, in addition,
had great strain on him from continued attention to business.
The heart’s action, at first, was rapid and intermittent; there
was palpitation, with occasional cardiac pain. These symp-
toms gradually lessened, the action became more regular, but
some dilated hypertrophy ensued. The percussion dulness is
at present very marked, the impulse only moderately strong,
and the tendency to dilatation may in time be greater than to
hypertrophy. Now there is a distinct, systolic, functional
mitral murmur, and no increased second sound.

To these cases I could add a list in which cardiac over-
exertion in special occupations has led to heart-growth and
distension, but we shall presently have to examine this part
of our subject at some length, and the examples there adduced
will strengthen what I have just endeavored to make clear.

Let me here, however, say that no matter what the starting-

STRAIN AND OVER-ACTION OF THE HEART. 11

point of the functional disorder, should it pass into an
organic malady the physical signs are aways the same—an
increase of the percussion dulness. and of the extent of the
impulse, which, as the vast majority’of instances lead to hyper-
trophy rather than to pure dilatation,.is forcible, and becomes
associated with a prolonged, dull, first soundj,and a second
sound which gradually loses its exceeding distinctness. At
times a softish, inconstant murmur over the left ventricle re-
places the altered first sound, and these instances are very apt
to be regarded as mitral organic disease, which they are not.
But whether with or without murmur the action of the heart
becomes less rapid, and cardiac pain diminishes.

I have now indicated to you how a functional disorder from
excitement or over-action of the heart, no matter how pro-
‘duced, may end in organic trouble. But you will ask me, in
what manner does the first derangement originate? Is it-in the
muscular structure of the heart itself, or in its nervous appa-
ratus? In the latter, I believe, in the vast majority of cases;
and the perverted innervation is either primary, or more
usually the disturbance is reflected to the heart. But if you
tell me to show you what nerves are, in individual instances,
at fault, I shall have to say that I do not think that a
satisfactory and quite trustworthy answer can always be
given. Our knowledge of the nerve-supply of the heart, and
of the part each nerve plays, is not so positive that we can
- unhesitatingly expound all clinical facts by it. Still it is, even
with our present knowledge, admissible to regard the constant
pain so common in irritable heart, as a hypersthesia of the
sensory nerve-fibres; and assuming the antagonism between the
pneumogastric and the sympathetic to be correct—that the
former slackens or suspends the action of the heart and the
latter quickens it—you will at once understand how anything
which exhausts the controlling action of the first, gives the

power of the other full play; and how thus many instances
36

12 THE TONER LECTURES.

of irritable heart and functional disorder, in connection with
cerebral, or spinal, or gastric maladies, may be explained.
But I incline to accord to disturbance of the sympathetic ele-
ments of the cardiac plexus.the chief part in leading to the mani-
festations of distress. Moderate irritation, Moleschott proves
stimulates their action, and this irritation may originate in
them, but is much more likely reflected to them, as from the
great abdominal sympathetic ganglia; and thus you have the
probable explanation of the functionally disturbed heart of
gastric and of uterine affections. Further, from the perverted
innervation comes altered nutrition, and thus heart disease
may grow out of heart disorder; as we now know that struc-
tural alteration of the skin, or of the joints and other parts
of the economy, may result from abnormal nerve influence.
Way, in the light of these remarks, we can understand how
even mental emotion, acting through the nervous system on
the nerves of the heart, may produce real trouble, and how the
worry of life, and strain on the feelings, when long kept up,
may give rise to conditions which, in figurative language, we
ca “heart-weary,” and “heart-sick,” and which, not as a
figure of speech, but in truth, may be the beginning of
actual cardiac malady.

But it would lead me too far to pursue this matter here any
further. I merely looked at it incidentally in trying to make
clear that excitement and over-work of the heart first disorder
the function, and then may produce organic change, and in
attempting to explain how this happens; and shall call your
attention to a subject of great and wide interest which has the
closest connection with what we have been discussing—the
effect of certain occupations, nay, of our amusements, in lead-
ing to cardiac trouble from the constant strain and over-work
thrown on the heart, partly in the gradual manner just de-
scribed, through perverted nervous action—but partly, also,

by directly causing inflammatory and other tissue change.

STRAIN AND OVER-ACTION OF THE HEART. 13

For instance, in soldiers we have, owing to their cccupation,
heart disease as a very common affection, originating in the
way already mentioned. But also there may ensue, as I have
had occasion to note, and as is ably brought out by Dr. Maclean
in the British Army Medical Reports, and by Dr. Myers in his
recent interesting work on the Diseases of the Heart among
Soldiers, by the direct strain on and over-distension of the aorta,
alteration of structure, leading to aneurism or aortic valve
trouble; and, as Dr, Maclean has shown, that white patches
on the pericardium, the result of inflammatory, or at least
nutritive tissue changes occur, it is very likely that the same
or kindred alterations may be produced in the arterial coats.
How far the dress and accoutrements of the soldier, and the
mechanical obstructions to free circulation which they may
occasion, determine the malady ; how far it is the heavy exer-
tion which his calling may necessitate that brings it on, is not
a question for discussion here. The fact alone of the occupa-
tion causing the affection is being commented upon. Then, as
we know from Dr. Peacock’s observations in his Lectures on
Valvular Disease of the Heart, men who work in the tin and
copper mines, and return to the surface by ladders, are par-
ticularly subject to heart disease; and the same authority tells
us that disease of the aortic valve is more commonly the result
of over-exertion than is disease of the mitral. And another
well-known physician, Dr. Allbutt, in an essay published in the
Clinical Society Transactions for 1873, states that he found, by
post-mortem examination, that men who had worked at heavy
employments, such as bargemen, porters, strikers in iron-
foundries, often present evidences of such exertion in an in-
creased volume of the heart itself, and in marks of chronic
inflammation, old or recent, in the first portions of the aorta.
In truth, all occupations such as those mentioned, or in which
continual lifting is required, favor the production of dilated

hypertrophy, or aneurism, or valvular disease, or valvular rup-
2

14 THE TONER LECTURES.

ture; and the latter brought about not only by sudden efforts,
but likely determined also by the gradual textural changes pre-
viously caused.

Let me cite you a case in which, I think, the valvular
disease was. produced by inflammatory alteration. Only a
few days ago a miller came to my office troubled with car-
diac pain, and presenting a distinct mitral organic murmur.
He had at one time been in the habit of shouldering enormous
bags, and of attempting to run when thus weighted. For the
last eight years he has only been able to lift the bags very
rarely, being annoyed with beating of the heart and shortness
of breath—indeed, the latter had become a symptom existing
even without any exertion. Previously to the time mentioned
he remembers to have suffered from severe pain in the heart
for three or four days after his lifting freaks, and on one
occasion very greatly.

In examining into the question of the effects of occupation,
we find further that excessive expiratory efforts produce affec-
tions of the heart or its great vessel. Disease of the coats
of the aorta and aneurisms may be thus caused. For instance,
in the museum of the Jefferson Medical College is an aneurism
taken from the body of a celebrated cornet player. And
among glassblowers I have been astonished to find how com-
mon are cardiac disorders. I call your attention to this table
of 24 men examined, and procured for me by the kind exer-
tions of Dr. Webb. They were not specially selected, did not
apply for medical advice—and, indeed, the only care taken in
obtaining them was to get mainly those who had been for
some time in the business. Irrespective of the facts which
the table discloses, I learned, by conversing with the men,
that large numbers of their fellow-workmen were troubled with
pains across the chest, and with piles. And, as regards this
table, we find among the 24 men only one-half who, on a fair
estimate, may be considered as presenting healthy hearts.

STRAIN AND OVER-ACTION OF THE HEART. 1S

Among the 12 with abnormal signs are 3 more or less well-
marked instances of hypertrophy; 7 of the remaining 9 had
some cardiac symptoms in addition to the physical evidences
of disorder, and several of these showed typical irritable hearts.
One of the cases of hypertrophy might be set aside on the
ground of the very free use of tobacco; and the same may per-
haps be said of two of the cases of functionally disturbed heart,
leaving still 9 out of 24 in which the occupation of glass-
blower—chiefly, I think, on account of the respiratory efforts
—has led to cardiac affection.

THE TONER LECTURES.

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18 THE TONER LECTURES.

Next to the question of occupation as influencing cardiac
disorder, concerning which, if time permitted, much more might
be said, I shall briefly call your attention to the effect of some
favorite amusements. There is dancing, which I have known
over and over again, when excessively indulged in, lead to very
great irritability of the heart. A lady whom I attend, whose
devotion to society is largely due to her fondness for dancing,
has always a functional disturbance of the heart at the end of
a winter season, is better in the spring, but is sure to come
home in the autumn from a watering-place with considerable
over-action of the heart. Nay, the disturbance of the organ
from dancing may pass, as all the forms of cardiac excitement
we have been examining, into organic trouble; especially may
it do so in lads and young girls. Here is an illustrative
case :—

James M., twenty-two years of age, came under my observa-
tion in 1868, with marked dilated hypertrophy; the impulse
was very extended and forcible; both ventricles, especially the
left, were much enlarged; the valves were sound. Careful
inquiry could detect no cause for the complaint excepting the
one to which the young man steadily attributed its origin
six years since—excessive exercise, dancing violently for
an hour and a half every night for six months. ‘There had
not been the least palpitation, shortness of breath, or disturb-
ance in health previous to the six months’ dissipation. These
symptoms have become persistent.

The influence of rowing in producing disease of the heart
has been of late years much debated. My experience with
reference to the matter amounts to this: If there be a tendency
to irritable heart, or to any cardiac affection, even to angina,
it is aggravated by rowing, but otherwise, and not too steadily
followed, this exercise is beneficial. I am glad to be able to
record this as the result of observation; for anything that, on

grounds but the most sufficient, interferes with manly pastimes

STRAIN AND OVER-ACTION OF THE HEARY. 19

and exercises, does great harm, especially in a country where
our young men, as a class, are too apt to neglect them. Much
of, or all the injurious effect could be, in any case, avoided by
the oarsman consulting a careful physician prior to his taking
up boating as his chief amusement, and by having his heart
examined from time to time. Nor can I find that the health
of many has been injured, in after life, by active rowing in
their youth; and for confirmation of this view I refer you to
an admirable and much fuller examination of the subject than
I have been able to make—to the interesting book of Dr.
Morgan, lately published, entitled, ‘* University Oars,” being a
critical inquiry into the after-health of the men who rowed in
the Oxford and Cambridge Boat Race from the year 1829 to
1869.

_ The physical consequences of base ball are in this country
matters worthy of careful attention; for base ball is our na-
tional game; it is to our young men what the game of ball
and foot racing were to the Grecian youths, or what cricket still
is to the scholars of Eton and Harrow. And I am glad to re-
port that I have seen it responsible for but few disorders—not
even for as many cardiac affections as might be supposed.
True, I have known some for which it is chargeable, and
usually in growing lads who had indulged in it immoderately.
Here are a couple of cases in point that applied for relief at
the Jefferson College clinic :—

T. S., sturdy and small, twenty years of age; never had
palpitation before he began to play base ball violently four
years ago. After a time he noticed shortness of breath in
playing; but, nothing daunted, he continued until, after three
or four years, he found it impossible to take an active part in
the game. His habits, in all respects, were good; he was a
moderate tobacco chewer; not a smoker. The heart was very

much hypertrophied, without valvular trouble. Considerable

20 THE TONER LECTURES.

improvement followed under aconite given with gentian, but
not a cure.

B. K. (Case-book, p. 96, April, 1874), age 14, had been play-
ing ball for four years. ‘Two years ago began to notice palpi-
tation after running; and, for a short time previously, short-
ness of breath on active exercise or on going up stairs. The
impulse of the heart was found to be very extended; the first
sound dull and heavy; the percussion dulness measured trans-
versely 34, perpendicularly 33, obliquely 5} inches.

Now these cases of dilated hypertrophy were undoubtedly
due to the constant exertion, and, as with rowing, any one
having a tendency to palpitation, or finding it induced, ought
to stop playing, or play very seldom. Instances like those
quoted would thus become still rarer than they are. Under
all circumstances, in the not too steady addiction to the game,
in the intervals of rest, lies the secret which makes the violent
exercise beneficial and not baneful. To study further the
effects of the game, I have carefully examined a club of pro-
fessional base ball players, who, of course, only play at cer-
tain seasons, and even then not incessantly, and I found their
cardiac condition, as well as their general health, excellent.
This is the record :—

A.J. R., age 34; height 5 feet 6 inches; weight 148 pounds.
Has been an active base ball player for seventeen years; a
professional player for ten. He chiefly plays second base,
or acts as a fielder. His general health is excellent. After
severe exertion he has at times a sharp twitch iu the region
of heart, but he never suffers from palpitation or shortness of
breath. He has a wide chest; the respirations are 22 in the
minute; the pulse is 72, firm, and strong. The impulse of the
heart is rather forcible, and is felt in two intercostal spaces.
The first sound is weighty, but on percussion the diameters
of the heart are found to be normal.

John E. C., age 23; height 5 feet 7} inches; weight 170

STRAIN AND OVER-ACTION OF THE HEART. 21

pounds. Has been a professional player for eight years,
chiefly as catcher; played occasionally before. Though he
runs a great deal, is never troubled with palpitation or short-
ness of breath. His health is, indeed, excellent. The chest
measures 352 inches in circumference. The pulse is 75, and
full; the respirations are 18. The impulse of the heart is only
felt in one intercostal space; the sounds and the percussion
dulness are normal.

E. B. S., age 24; height 5 feet 84 inches; weight 155
pounds. Has been a professional player for four years; for
four years before played considerably. In the present club
acts chiefly as third base, or short stop. Has always been in
good health, but his health has been particularly good since he
has been a base ball player; he never suffers from palpitation
or shortness of breath. The chest measures 334 inches in cir-
cumference; the pulse is 72, rather full. The respirations are
22 in the minute. The impulse of the heart is felt in two
intercostal spaces, but is net very forcible. The first sound is
well defined, somewhat heavy, the second distinct; the percus-
sion dulness, though well marked, is not abnormal.

J. V. B., age 21; height 5 feet 104 inches; weight 169
pounds. A professional player for one year—mostly second
base—but has played for eight years in all, and actively for
five. Lives largely on bread and molasses; is always in excel-
Jent health; has neither palpitation nor shortness of breath,
not even after playing. He states, however, that he “ blows”
if he chews tobacco, and knows of many others who do the
same. ‘The chest measures 353 inches; the pulse is 60, and
full; the respirations are 16. Diameters of the heart and
impulse are normal, the latter is of moderate force; the first
sound perhaps a trifle weightier than common.

A. W. G., age 24; height 5 feet 9 inches; weight 155
pounds; the left field of the nine. He has been a professional
player for five years; has played in all for eight. Attributes

22 THE TONER LECTURES.

‘

his good health to the ball exercise. Six years ago he re-
covered from an attack of typhoid fever, two years ago from
cerebro-spinal fever. Never suffers from shortness of breath
or palpitation. The width of his chest is 33 inches; the pulse
is 72, and full; the respirations are 18. The impulse of
the heart is felt in two intercostal spaces; its force is mode-
rate, and the percussion dulness, though large, is not abnor-
mal; the first sound is, however, decidedly heavier than usual,

W. M. McG., aged 23; height 5 feet 8 inches; weight 152
pounds. Acts as short-stop or as catcher, and his fingers are
jammed up from the force of the balls. Has played for eight
years, three of which as an amateur. Suffers at times from
dyspepsia, and has then occasionally palpitation; but this not
during or after playing. Does not use tobacco or liquor, and
excepting from the attacks of indigestion, has not been sick in
his life. The measure round the chest is 34 inches—on full
inspiration 364. The pulse is 78; the respirations 20. The
sounds of the heart and percussion dulness are normal; the
impulse is well marked.

J. D. McB., age 29; height 5 feet 9 inches; weight 142
pounds,—the pitcher, as such, does much hard work, and has,
he thinks, been pitcher longer than any man in the country.
Has been a base ball player for thirteen years; enjoys excel-
Jent health, particularly during ball season, and never feels
much fatigued after playing, nor has he ever shortness of
breath or palpitation; is not a user of tobacco. The chest
measures 33? inches. The pulse is 72; the respirations are 18
in the minute. The impulse of the heart is neither strong nor
extended ; the first sound is short, indistinct, somewhat mur-
murish at apex, yet there is no distinct murmur; the second
sound is very sharply defined ; the diameters on percussion are
normal.

W.D. F., age 30; height 5 feet 6 inches; weight, 138 pounds.
Plays either sccond or first base; has been a professional

STRAIN AND OVER-ACTION OF THE HEART. 23

player for seven years, but has played ball since a boy. For
the last few years has not been in as good health as usual,
being at times a dyspeptic, and subject to biliousness—also to
a winter cough, for which he spent a winter in the South.
There is, however, no organic disease of the lungs discernible,
though the facts mentioned may account for the cough, the
shooting pains on the left side of the chest, the palpitation and
shortness of breath noticed occasionally after running, but
never lasting more than a few minutes—nor, indeed, appearing
until resting after the match. The chest is well developed ;
the pulse 84; the respirations are 22 in the minute. The
impulse of the heart is felt in two intercostal spaces, is of
rather more than average force; so is the first sound heavier
than usual, the second sound is distinct, but all are still
within normal range, as is the well-marked percussion dul-
ness of the cardiac region.

A. C. A., age 22; height 6 feet 22 inches; weight 206
pounds, with a full chest, measuring 36 inches; a splendid
specimen of a man. He plays right field or third base, and
has been a professional player for four years, but has been
devoted to ball since boyhood. Never feels short of breath,
even after along match, and is always in perfect health. The
pulse is 72; the respirations are 18 in the minute. There is
nothing about the impulse, the sounds, or the size of the heart
requiring comment. The pulse at the wrist does not seem so
strong as the distinct cardiac impulse would imply.

From the statements made you will draw then this conclu-
sion, that as regards the effect on the circulation, all active,
even violent exercise, is only injurious when too steadily per-
severed in; and that it is the intermitting which protects, and
which is the cause why these exercises and pastimes are less
productive of cardiac affection than the hurrying and impeding
of the circulation, occasioned less palpably, but more con-

stantly, by certain occupations. Of course, in persons in ad-

24 THE TONER LECTURES.

vancing years, or when degenerative tissue changes are taking
place, violent exercise, even short, may be the cause of a tear
or injury; but I am speaking chiefly of the effect produced at
an age at which such exercises are usually resorted to. Still,
even then, as you have seen, there may be mischief, and you
will have learned how a number of occupations, and many of”
our amusements, may lead to cardiac affection, sometimes by
textural alterations, produced in any part of the heart or great
vessels, but more usually by functional disturbance first,
which, in its turn, ends in dilated hypertrophy. A valve
trouble, when caused, is usually connected with the former
class of cases. Yet I believe that the dilated hypertrophy of
the second may terminate in valvular disease by the valve
having become incompetent to close the enlarging orifice,
which stretches as the cavities of the heart dilate and the mus-
cular walls thicken. That this really happens you will see
from the case I am about to relate to you, which, though it
is not apposite as regards the cause of the dilated hypertrophy,
is so as to the subsequent development of valve disorder.

B. L., a colored boy, thirteen years of age, was admitted in
January, 1874, into the Pennsylvania Hospital. He stated
that he had pneumonia about four years ago, and that during
convalescence he was seized with acute rheumatic fever, which,
though it greatly crippled his joints, did not confine him to
bed. After his recovery he resumed his occupation of a farm
hand, and notwithstanding that he began to suffer from short-
ness of breath and palpitation for two months before he sought
admission into the hospital, worked laboriously for six weeks
more, until his feet began to swell. When examined he was
found to have considerable cedema of the extremities, much
distress in breathing, and a frequent, irregular pulse. The
precordial space was notably prominent, and the impulse of
the heart heaving, and distinctly visible even at a distance.

The size of the organ was greatly increased; the transverse

STRAIN AND OVER-ACTION OF THE HEART. 25

percussion dulness extended from beyond the right edge of
the sternum to the axillary line. A systolic murmur was heard
all over the cardiac region—and, in truth, over the whole of the
left chest. Its point of intensity was at the apex, where it
was distinctly musical. The second sound at the aortic carti-
lage was somewhat obscure; that at the pulmonary cartilage
well pronounced—indeed, accentuated. The veins of the neck
were swollen, but did not pulsate. A considerable effusion
existed in the right pleural sac; the urine was scanty, of high
specific gravity, but not albuminous.

Under treatment, chiefly by digitalis, scoparius, and iron,
the boy was for a time greatly relieved, and the watery swell-
ing almost disappeared. But the improvement was not perma-
nent; the dropsy became very general, and he died exhausted,
March 27. There was no‘difference to record in the physical
signs excepting that, late in the case, the murmur lost a good
deal of its musical character.

The autopsy, made five hours after death, showed considera-
ble effusion in the abdomen and in the pleural sacs, an enlarged,
nutmeg liver, a spleen firm, small in size, and very black, and
the left lung adherent to the pericardium. This, with the in-
closed heart, was found to occupy the whole of the lower part of
the mediastinum, and to prevent either lung from being visible.
The layers of the sac were tightly adherent, especially around
the base, where the false membrane was very thick. The heart
was enormously increased in size, the cavities were all dilated,
especially those on the right side. The walls of the right
ventricle were thin, in some places not more than a line or
two in thickness; the walls of the left ventricle thickened.
The valves of the aorta and pulmonary artery were found to
be sound; those of the tricuspid valve, thin, flexible, and with-
out roughening, still appeared competent to close the dilated
tricuspid orifice. Not so with the mitral; they too were
healthy, though not quite as thin and yielding as the tricuspid,

26 THE TONER LECTURES.

but they were inadequate to close the enlarged mitral opening.

In the accompanying drawing (Fig. 2) the heart is laid open

along the septum, and the flaps are turned back, so that the val-
vular apparatus between the auricle and ventricle of each side.
shows. The valves are stretched with bristles, but it may be
seen how utterly insufficient those on the right hand side of the
drawing, representing the mitral valves, are to close the gaping
orifice.

This case proves that dilated hypertrophy may lead to val-
vular disease. And no matter how the enlargement of the
heart is brought about, the same effect may follow. Now, as
we have found that dilated hypertrophy may succeed functional
disorder from over-work or strain of the organ, we perceive
the links of a chain, at one end of which is merely deranged
action, at the other valvular affection; and for the latter to
ensue, the stretching and increase of the heart must happen
first. But you will ask me, does this often occur? I answer,
no. Functional disorder of the heart from excitement of the
organ is very common; organic changes in the walls and cavi-

ties, especially what is technically known as dilated hypertro-

> yoy
ee nal dK

STRAIN AND OVER-ACTION OF THE HEART. 27

phy, consequent to the over-action and strain, not uncommon.
Yet this is, on the whole, not often followed by valvular im-
perfection. Probably the majority of instances of valve dis-
ease, resulting gradually from strain or over-work, have an
inflammatory or other tissue change in or near the valve, pre-
ceding the affection.

You must allow me, in conclusion, a few words as to the
management of some of the disorders of the heart we have
been considering, produced by strain and over-excitement of
the organ. Of course, I can only. do so in very general terms,
and not with the details of a clinical discourse. It is evident
that the cause of the trouble must be removed if we are to
hope for permanent improvement; whether that cause lie in
derangement of the liver, stomach, or nervous system, or in
the nature of the patient’s vocation. But besides, when a
heart is over-worked, or over-excited, we find certain agents to
produce a most salutary effect. One of these is rest in the
recumbent position. You know that there is a natural differ-
ence between the movements of the heart in the standing and
lying posture. But, unless you have carefully noted the mat-
ter, you will scarcely believe how great the difference is in an
excited organ. Its action may become twenty, thirty, forty beats
in the minute slower. If, then, your patient rest on his back _
two or three hours a day, he will help himself materially ; and,
circumstances favoring, a day or two spent in bed, will not be
time thrown away. Ice, applied to the precordial region, is
another agent that benefits, and will prove of service in some
stubborn cases. Of medicines, I have found digitalis, bella-
donna, and the bromides, to be the most generally available ;
while in cases of beginning hypertrophy, no drug, in my expe-
rience, compares with aconite, steadily employed. But, I
repeat, to endeavor, in any form of the affection, to remove
the cause, is a prerequisite for success.

Yet the greatest gain from the study of the subject, its most

or
ol

28 THE TONER LECTURES.

brilliant results, will come, if by the knowledge acquired of the
manner of the production of heart-trouble, we can prevent its
increase. The public, in the matter, err through ignorance,
and it is our place to show them that the heart will not, any
more than the brain, endure incessant and exhausting labor
and excitement; that there are heart-weary as well as brain-
Weary persons; to point out how some occupations predis-
pose to the disorder more than others, and how, therefore,
the dictates of science, humanity, and true economy, alike de-
mand that they be less continuously pursued; to make clear
to them that certain habits—such as bolting the food, and
constantly rushing after cars—may lead, indirectly or directly,
to consequences little thought of; and how it may be the heart
that bears the brunt of the irregularity and abuse, and not the
organs which would appear the ones most likely to suffer.
And you and I‘must make it part of our duty to impress these
truths, and thus to prevent those slight beginnings of ailment

which we both know may have grievous endings.

SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS.
282

THE TONER LECTURES

INSTITUTED TO ENCOURAGE THE DISCOVERY OF NEW TRUTHS

FOR THE ADVANCEMENT OF MEDICINE.

EGE URE LY.

A STUDY OF THE NATURE AND MECHANISM OF
FEVER.

BY

HORATIO C. WOOD, M.D.

DELIVERED JANUARY 20, 1875.

WASHINGTON:

SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION.
FEBRUARY, 1875.

ADVERTISEMENT.

Tue “ Toner Lectures” have been instituted at Washington,
D.C., by Joseph M. Toner, M.D., who has placed in charge of
a Board of Trustees, consisting of the Secretary of the Smith-
sonian Institution, the Surgeon-General of the United States
Army, the Surgeon-General of the United States Navy, and
the President of the Medical Society of the District of Colum-
bia, a fund, “the interest of which is to be applied for at least
two annual memoirs or essays relative to some branch of medi-
cal science, and containing some new truth fully established by
experiment or observation.”

As these lectures are intended to increase and diffuse knowl-
edge, they have been accepted for publication by the Smith-
sonian Institution in its * Miscellaneous Collections.”

The First Lecture of this series was delivered March 28,
1873, by Dr. J. J. Woopwarp, “On the Structure of Cancer-
ous Tumors and the Mode in which adjacent parts are invaded.”
Published by the Smithsonian Institution, November, 1873.
44 pp. 8vo.

The Seconp LEctTuRE was delivered by Dr. BRown-S£QUARD,
but the manuscript has not been furnished for publication.

The Turrp Lecture was delivered May 14, 1874, by Dr. J.
M. Da Costa, on “Strain and Over-Action of the Heart.”
Published by the Institution, August, 1874. 32 pp. 8vo.

JOSEPH HENRY,
Secretary Smithsonian Institution.

SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION,
Washington, February, 1875.

( iii )

HHCTURE TV.

Delivered January 20, 1875.

A STUDY OF THE NATURE AND MECHANISM OF FEVER.
By Horatio C. Woop, M.D.

I HAVE settled upon a Study of Fever as the subject of this
evening’s discourse, partly because my attention has long been
attracted to the phenomena of fever, and partly because the
subject is of such general character that every medical man
must share the interest in it. In approaching a physiologi-
cal or pathological process for the purpose of studying its
nrechanism and nature, its essence should, if possible, be first
determined. Fever has been defined to be “an acute de-
rangement of all the functions ;” this it certainly is. Yet the
definition gives to the mind no idea of the phenomena of fever.
When these are analyzed, it will be found that the most
important of them are capable of being grouped in three sets:
acceleration of the heart’s beat, and disturbance of the circu-
lation ; nervous disturbance; elevation of bodily temperature.
The first step in my study of fever to-day shall be to demon-
strate that of these groups, the first two are merely second-
ary to and dependent upon the third, 2. e. that the essential
part of fever is elevation of temperature.

A misunderstanding as to my meaning may possibly arise
from the unfortunate double value or meaning that attaches to
the word fever. It is hardly necessary to state that I am
using the term in its abstract sense only. In a fever the pulse-
rate and the nervous disturbance, for instance, are dependent

1 GE)

2 THE TONER LECTURES.

upon various circumstances; in fever, I expect to show that
they are due simply to the elevation of temperature.

The demonstration shall consist in proving the following
propositions; their truth once acknowledged, the final conclu-
sion is inevitable.

First. External heat applied to the body of the normal
animal, so as to elevate the temperature, produces derange-
ment of the nerve functions, of circulation, etc. etc., precisely
similar to those seen in natural fever; the intensity of the
disturbance being directly proportionate to the rise in tempe-
rature. .

Second. Heat applied locally to the brain or to the heart
produces in the functions of the organ those disturbances
which are familiar phenomena of fever, the intensity of the
disturbance being directly proportionate to the excess of heat
in the organ. i

Third. The withdrawal of the excess of heat in fever is
followed by a relief of the nervous and circulatory disturb-
ances.

When a dog, cat, or rabbit is shut up in a box heated either
by the sun’s rays or by artificial means, the temperature of
the animal rises, and at the same time the pulse-rate becomes
part passu more rapid, the breathing grows more and more
hurried, and the restless, uneasy movements of the victim
show the general distress it is suffering. As the temperature
increases the nervous disturbance becomes more and more
apparent; stupor, coma, partial paralysis, convulsions, and
finally death by arrest of the respiration occur. These phe-
nomena sometimes come on gradually, but sometimes are de-
veloped suddenly.

The temperature at which death occurred in my expe-
riments, varied in the rabbit from 111 to 1144° F.; in the
dog it was about 111° F. In man a similar series of phe-

nomena are developed by exposure to excessive heat, although

A STUDY OF FEVER. 3

owing to man’s extraordinary power of cooling his body, and
of protecting it against cold, he is able to bear extremes of
temperature far beyond the points which would prove fatal
to any given species of animal.

It must not be lost sight of, however, that man is no more
able than the animal to bear an excess of internal or bodily
heat. He resists the heating of his body from without, but
when his body is heated his arterial and nervous system are
found to be as susceptible to the influence of an excessive
temperature as are the same organs of the animal. The
terrible mortality of sunstroke, or, as it is called with more
scientific correctness, thermic fever, is a witness to this sus-
ceptibility.

The facts and arguments which have thus been briefly sketched
are certainly sufficient to prove that an exposure to external
heat will suffice to develop all the phenomena of fever. If any
of my audience is desirous of seeing this matter developed
more in detail, he will find, what he seeks, in my little bro-
chure on Sunstroke.

The first proposition having been disposed of, the conside-
ration of the second is next in order.

For the purpose of determining the action of heat upon the
nerve centres, some years since, in a number of experiments
upon cats and rabbits, I caused a stream of hot water to flow
through a pig’s bladder, fitted as a sort of bonnet to the head
of the victim. It is evident that with small animals we can
in this way heat the brain without heating materially the
remainder of the body. These experiments have been already
reported in full,* and I shall therefore here only mention
their results. It was found that coma, with or without con-
vulsions, was produced. Sometimes the stupor came on
gradually, hebetude slowly deepening into coma, but in other

* Thermic Fever, Philad. 1872, pp. 76 and 82.

4 THE TONER LECTURHS.

instances the unconsciousness was developed very suddenly.
In either case death was finally brought about by paralysis of
respiration or apnea. A thermometer plunged into the brain
directly after death indicated a temperature of 113° in a cat,
and of 111° F. in a rabbit. In a second series of experi-
ments the skull was opened, and the thermometer placed in
the brain so soon as there was decided coma. The brain tem- .
perature under these circumstances in the cat was determined
to be about 108° F. As in these experiments it was found
that pouring cold water upon the head at once relieved the
coma, the conclusion is logically irresistible that the coma
was produced by the heat. The degree of temperature at
which, in the locally heated brain, consciousness was lost,
and at which death occurred, was found to closely correspond
with the degrees at which the same phenomena occurred when
a general augmentation of the bodily heat was produced by
exposure to the sun, or to artificially heated air.

It having been determined that heat applied to the brain of
an animal is capable of causing cerebral symptoms similar to
those seen in fever, the next point to be studied is the action
of the same force upon the heart.

In an admirable paper on this subject* Dr. T. Lauder Brun-
ton has collected the evidence, and repeated the experiments
so thoroughly, that it is unnecessary here to discuss the
matter at length, and I shall content myself with stating the
chief facts; referring the reader to Dr. Brunton’s paper for the
proof. When the cut out heart of a frog is exposed to a
rising temperature, the cardiac pulsations constantly become
more and more rapid until a heat limit is nearly reached, at
which the action of the heart ceases. The increase in the
rapidity of the movements of the heart is not in direct relation

to the increment of temperature; at first the increase of move-

* St. Bartholomew’s Hospital Reports, vol. vii.

A STUDY OF FEVER. 5

ment is slow, but the rapidity of the increase becomes more
and more rapid as the temperature rises until the maximum
rate is reached. Panum has found that the cut out heart of
the rabbit responds to heat in the same way as does that of
the frog, and Brunton has experimented by bringing the rabbit
profoundly under the influence of the chloral, and then sur-
rounding him with a jacket of hot water. These experiments
of Brunton are of course completely parallel with those in
which I exposed animals in hot air; in both instances there
was a great rise in the rapidity of the cardiac action.

It is, of course, impossible to experiment directly upon
man, but the brain and the heart of man must be subject to
the same laws, so far as regards gross forces like heat, as the
brain of other animals. It is simply inconceivable that what
has been proven as true of the lower animals is not true of
man. Moreover, we have very direct evidence that heat does
affect the organs of man as it does those of animals.

Thus we have an elaborate study on the action of fever heat
upon the pulse of man, by Dr. C. Liebermeister, who analyzed
the records of 280 cases of acute disorder not directly affecting
the brain or heart, accompanied by a rise of temperature, and
mostly observed by himself. The following table represents

the minimum, maximum, and mean :—

Temperature 379 389 39° 40° 41° 42°

(Centigrade)
Minimum 45 44 52 64 66 88
Pulse j sexi 124 148 #160 158 160 168
Mean ALG Ae SSH MOTD) TOD 3e4 1095640 121

There are so many factors entering into the causation of
increased action of the circulation in febrile diseases, that it is
to be expected that the minimum and maximum can scarcely
obey any fixed law, but in a very large number of observations

the action of the general cause of the increased pulse-rate

6 THE TONER LECTURES.

becomes manifest, and the table shows with what great regu-
larity the pulse rises with the temperature.

In regard to animals, then, our second proposition has been
actually determined to be true by rigid experimentation ; in
regard to man, it is, of course, from the nature of the case,
impracticable in a Christian country to make an actual demon-
stration, but it is, humanly speaking, a scientific impossibility _
that the proposition be other than true.

The proof of the third proposition is contained in the follow-
ing experiment, which I have repeated several times with simi-
lar results: A rabbit was placed in a heated atmosphere, and
allowed to remain there until consciousness was entirely lost.
He was then taken out and plunged into a bucket of cold
water. The temperature of the body fell very rapidly to the
normal point, that of the water rising two degrees, and con-
sciousness returning so soon as the body was cooled. Ina few
minutes the rabbit was able to walk, and the next day had
entirely recovered. A few moments’ more exposure to the
high temperature would have killed the animal; undoubtedly,
the consciousness was suspended by the action of the heat
upon the brain, and undoubtedly it was restored by a with-
drawal of that heat.

I have been so fortunate as to have the opportunity of ob-
serving in mana series of phenomena perfectly parallel to that
just narrated as occurring in the rabbit.

I have a number of times, in typhoid fever with high tem-
perature, seen stupor, delirium, subsultus tendinum, etc., sub-
side under the use of packing in sheets wrung out of ice-water,
and the testimony of Jurgensen, Liebermeister, and others to
the same effect is simply overwhelming. The following single
instance of so-called cerebral rheumatism is so striking and
so demonstrative that it would suffice of itself at once to prove
and illustrate the proposition.

Some time since, upon entering my ward in the Philadelphia

A STUDY OF FEVER. 7

Hospital, my attention was instantly attracted by the expression
upon the face of a patient. He was a young, temperate Irish-
man, twenty years -of age, and of a vigorous physique, who had
passed through a severe attack of inflammatory rheumatism
without cardiac coniplications, and was suffering from a re-
lapse, which first appeared as a subacute inflammation of the
knee. I had not seen the man the previous day, but I find in
the note-book of Dr. Bruen, my interne, the following :—

“ Second day of relapse. This morning an acute inflammation of the
wrist-joints has set in; the fever is very high; temperature in the axilla
104° Fahr.; ordered potassii bicarb. gr. xx every two hours.”

As we walked to the bed, in reply to a question, ‘ What ails
our rheumatism patient ?” Dr. Bruen said, ‘‘ Nothing, unless it
be pericarditis. When I saw him at 10.30 A.M. there was
much less inflammation of the joints than the preceding morn-
ing, and although his temperature was as it had been, 104°
Fahr., and, as I thought, a pericardial friction-sound could be
heard, yet the man was doing fairly; perfectly rational, with
a good pulse.” It was now about half-past twelve, and our
patient was apparently dying. The pulse was between 160
and 170, exceedingly feeble and thready; the pupils strongly
contracted, though not to pin-points; the respirations fifteen
per minute, exceedingly irregular, mostly deep, jerking, and
interrupted; the skin pale and dry; the consciousness com-
pletely lost, violent shaking and shouting in the ear only
eliciting a few grunts; the temperature in the axilla 1082°
Fahr.; the wrists pale, and no signs of pain elicited by vio-
lently moving them. On ausculting the heart I could find no
murmur; the first sound was very feeble, somewhat prolonged,
and the second sharply accentuated.

Coming to the conclusion that our patient was dying of
heaty we determined to cool him at all hazards, and, as the
surest and most rapid means, to employ the cold bath.

The following is the record made at the time :—

8 THE TONER LECTURES.

1.24 P. M. Patient put in a full bath at 60° F.

1.253. Shows signs of consciousness ; will put out the tongue when
loudly asked to do so.

1.27. Seems to recognize that the bath is very cold, and struggles to
get out.

1.303. Man has a fair degree of rationality. He has been in six
minutes and a half, and now ordered to be taken out at once.

One minute after the bath.—The patient was partially wiped and
laid directly upon a gum blanket, and covered only with a sheet, in a
room whose temperature was about 65° to 70° F. He has just received ©
a hypodermic injection of six grains of quinine.

Three minutes.—Temperature in axilla 94° F.; in mouth, 105° F.

Hight minutes—Temperature has been steadily falling ; is now 103°
F. in mouth. The man has become perfectly rational, and answers to
his name.

Pain and sensibility have returned somewhat to the wrist. Ice-blad-
ders were applied to head ten minutes after bath. The attendants state
that he passed a very little urine at 11 o’clock ; bladder is now entirely
empty.

T went-yfour minutes.—Temperature in mouth 1042°.*

2 P.M. Pulse 140, weak. One-half fluidrachm of tincture of digi-
talis, with two ounces of raw whiskey, were given.

2.45. Temperature in mouth 1019, in axilla 102°, in rectum 10229,

4.15. Digitalis and whiskey were repeated, but were immediately
vomited. Pulse 140; temperature 1013°. No urine had yet been
secreted into the bladder. He was cupped ten ounces of blood over the
kidneys. Ordered an enema, also 3ij of acetate of potassium every
two hours, with two ounces of infusion of digitalis applied on cloths
to the abdomen. Small quantities of milk and lime-water were given
at intervals.

8 P.M. The patient says he feels very much better; recollects
nothing of the past, excepting that in the morning he was very dizzy,
and just afterwards became unconscious. Application of digitalis re-
newed. Pulse 128, temperature 1022°.

12 midnight. Pulse 116, much stronger; temperature 994°. Com-
plains of feeling cold, but in other respects is better. Has passed ‘about
a pint of urine. Since his bath he has been lying on the gum blanket,
covered only by a sheet, as at first. He is now ordered to be put into a
warm bed, and covered with blankets. Ice still kept applied to head.
Other treatment continued, excepting the digitalis poultice.

Apri 9,9 A.M. Is much better. First sound of heart very weak;

* Up to this point the temperatures were taken by myself or under
my immediate supervision. After this by Dr. Bruen.

A STUDY OF FEVER. 9

second sound very strongly accentuated, both pulmonary and aortic.
There is no murmur.

Was ordered to take, during day, 3ss citrate of potassium, in one-half
pint of water, every two hours; ten drops tincture of digitalis, and two
grains quinine, every three hours; one-half pint milk every four hours.
Temperature 100°, pulse 120.

At 12, temperature 101°, pulse 124,

3 P. M. Temperature 101°, pulse 120.

8 P.M. Treatment all carried out, excepting the milk, which caused
great nausea and vomiting; it was therefore given one ounce at a time,
and about one pint, with eight ounces of beef-tea, was retained during
the day. Medicine was all retained without difficulty. He has passed
urine freely during the day—about three pints in all. Temperature
102}° F., pulse 122. He complains of severe pains in wrist-joints and
in the shoulders. Treatment continued during night, when awake.
Five-grain Dover’s powder ordered; the same dose to be repeated at
12 o’clock, if awake. é

Apri 10,9 A.M. The patient slept during the past night, for the
first time since the 8th. ‘Took his medicine without any nausea being
experienced. Says he feels much better. Ice-cloths to head discon-
tinued ; other treatment continued. The condition of joints of wrists
and shoulders is about the same as on the morning of the 8th; they are
very swollen and painful. Pulse 120, temperature 101° F.

6. P. M. Condition as in morning. Has taken one quart of milk
during the day. ‘Temperature 1002° F., pulse 116.

April 11. Temperature 1003° F., pulse 92. Quinie sulph., fifteen
grains daily, ordered. Digitalis and the potassium salt continued.

April 12. Is very much improved. Pulse 96, temperature 100°.
Citrate of potassium ordered every three hours; thirty drops tincture
of digitalis in twenty-four hours.

April 14. Feels very little pain in joints, has good appetite, and
looks, indeed, almost well. Citrate of potassium discontinued. lodide
of potassium, ten grains, t. d.; tincture of chloride of iron, gtt. xx, t. d.
Quinine continued. Temperature 99°, pulse 72. Tincture of digitalis
stopped.

May 4. From the time of previous note he steadily progressed towards
entire convalescence under a tonic treatment, and has been for some
days going about freely. To-day he is to be discharged, perfectly well.
There is no cardiac lesion whatever.

Let me call your attention, gentlemen, to the rapidity with
which, under the influence of the cold bath, the symptoms
abated in our patient. He was not in more than a minute and

a half before he exhibited very distinct signs of returning con-

10 THE TONER LECTURES.

sciousness, and in three minutes had sense enough to attempt
to get out of the tub. What could the bath do to affect the
man so much but withdraw the heat, which, as you know, we
have found to be a poison to the nervous system? That the
heat was withdrawn, the thermometer proved. If the drowsi-
ness had been due to simple congestion of the brain, very cer-
tainly would the bath, by driving the blood from the surface,
have increased the trouble.

It must be borne in mind that this case is by no means
unparalleled ; similar instances of the good effects of the sud-
den withdrawal of heat in rheumatic hyperexia have been
reported by both English and German observers, and recent
Continental literature is full of reports of the relief of nervous
symptoms in various pyrexias by the abstraction of heat.

These cases, when taken in connection with the parallel ex-
periments upon the lower animals, establish to my mind with
absolute certainty the truth of the third proposition.

We have found, then, that excessive heat is present in fever ;
that this excessive heat, when present, not only is able to, but
is forced, so to speak, by its own attributes, to produce dis-
turbance of the functions of innervation and circulation, and
that the withdrawal of the excessive heat in fever is followed
by instantaneous relief of the symptoms of disturbed innerya-
tion and circulation; surely the conclusion is logically inevi-
table, that excessive temperature is the cause of the other
symptoms of fever—that it is the essential portion; that fever
and excessive bodily temperature are synonymous.

It is evident that the increase in the amount of caloric in
the body during fever can only occur through a lessened giving
off of heat by the body, or by an increased production of heat
in the body. Had not so great an authority as Traube (Allge-
meine Cent. Zeitung, 1863) espoused the theory that the eleva-
tion of temperature in the febrile state is due to increased
retention rather than increased production of heat, it would

A STUDY OF FEVER. tet

seem scarcely worth while to prove that the chemical move-
ments of the fever patient are vastly above normal. The elabo-
rate experiments of Liebermeister (Beobachtungen und Ver-
suche uber die Anwendung des Kalten Wassers bei Fieber-
haften Krankheiten, Leipzig, 1868), of Kernig (Reichert’s Ar-
chiv, 1860), upon the effects of cold baths in fever and in health,
have abundantly proven that fever patients yield a vastly greater
amount of heat to the water in which they are immersed from
hour to hour than do healthy men, and yet their temperature
remains above normal. The proven excessive elimination of
carbonic acid in the breath and of solid matters in the urine in
fever, the well-known emaciation that fever causes, all bear
similar witness to the experiments just quoted, so that it must
be received as an axiom, that the essential part of fever is
increased chemical movements throughout the system.

Having arrived at a clear idea as to what fever is, we are
prepared to investigate its mechanism —to determine, if possi-
ble, in what way the rise of bodily temperature is produced.

In fever all portions of the body usually are in unison; the
increased tissue-change which is at the basis of the eleva-
tion of temperature, apparently occurs everywhere throughout
the system. It is plain that there are only two bonds of
union between all portions of the body, two organs or tissues
which fuse, as it were, all parts of the system into one; and
that any physiological or pathological process which is equally
shared by all must have its origin either in the blood or in the
nervous system.

Is fever, then, a hemic disorder, or is it a neurosis? Very
possibly many of you, especially those whose military expe-
rience causes pyzmia to be ever present in the thoughts, will
reply at once, it is hemic. In many exanthemata there is
undoubtedly, either as a cause or as a result of the disease, an
altered state of the blood. In pyzmia a blood-dyscrasia is

certainly a primary phenomenon; and in animals we develop
38

13 THE TONER LECTURES,

septiceemic fever by the injection of putrid matters into the
blood. Let us pause a moment to understand clearly, how-
ever, what we mean by fever being hzemic or neurotic. If the
poison carried by the blood into all parts of the body acts
upon the various tissues everywhere in such a way as to in-
crease in them tissue-change—or if, upon entering the blood,
it excites such changes in that fluid as to cause the blood to
incite the tissues everywhere to fever, then that fever may be
called, with scientific strictness, hamic. Suppose, however, we
have a fever-centre in the nervous system, and that irritation
of a peripheral nerve is capable of causing fever by affecting
that centre, such fever would certainly be a neurosis. Granting
the existence of a “ fever-centre”’ of this kind the laws of life
teach us that there must be poisons capable of acting upon it
directly so as to produce fever. Such a fever would certainly
be neurotic, although produced through the blood, the vital fluid
acting simply as a “common carrier.” With this understanding
of the terms, certainly clinical proof is at present wanting that
the fever of pyzemia, of the exanthemata, or of any so-called
blood poisoning is strictly hemic. It may be due to an action
of the poison upon the central nervous system.

There are, however, numerous febrile reactions in regard to
whose origin there can be no doubt. Take one of the most egm-
mon conditions, that due to the irritation of a local inflammation.
It is scarcely possible that the inflammation develops any sub-
stance which acts as a general irritant to the tissue; it is much
more probable that the fever is produced through the agency
of the nervous system. Irritative fever comes and goes so
quickly, is accompanied by so little perceptible general de-
rangement of the system or of the blood, that it seems as
though it were as distinctly the result of irritation of peripheral
nerves as is tetanus, with its intense fever.

The intense fever which is sometimes excited by the passage
of a catheter, as asserted by Bilroth (Archiv ftir Klin. Chi-

A STUDY OF FEVER. ee

rurgie, Bd. VI., p. 441), is an example of a pure neurosis. It
is impossible, in some of these cases, that there can be injury
to the urethra, much less any alteration of the blood. The
fever is due to a mere local irritation, which effects no local
nutritive change, and it must therefore be produced through
the nervous system.

The following case of urethral fever occurred in the practice

of a friend, and may here serve as an illustration :—

, et. 40, was treated in the Philadelphia Hospital during
August, 1873, for very tight irritable stricture of the urethra.
It admitted, when treatment was commenced, only a small-
sized whalebone bougie. About two weeks were occupied in
treatment by gradual dilatation until it was sufficiently dilated
to admit a Holt’s dilator, when the stricture was ruptured,
after which a No. 12 Thompson’s sound was_ introduced.
There was a good deal of subsequent shock and urethral fever,
which yielded to treatment. Four days afterward, on Sunday
morning, the attending surgeon found some contraction in the
ealibre of the canal, and introduced with difficulty No. 12
Thompson’s sound, following it by Nos. 14 and 16. Considera-
ble difficulty was met with in their introduction; the patient
suffered a good deal of pain, and bled freely from the urethra.
This operation was performed about 12 o’clock ; about 3 o’clock
the patient had a chill, followed by high fever, thermometer regis-
tering 103°-104° F. He was treated by quinine and opium,
which controlled the symptoms somewhat; the next day, how-
ever, at about 9 A.M. the temperature, in spite of treatment,
rose again to 103°. There was an increase during the morn-
ing to 104° at ten o’clock. The man was rational; the pain
had been relieved by opium; no immediate danger was appre-
hended. The resident physician (Dr. Bruen) was sent for
about three o’clock in the afternoon, with news that the man
was dying. He found the patient was entirely unconscious ;

breathing stertorous; pupils fixed, neither dilated nor con-

14 THE TONER LECTURES.

tracted, would not respond to light. Temperature had risen
to 1104°. Other thermometers were procured, and in fifteen
minutes after the temperature taken again in the axilla, mouth,
and rectum. In the latter place it was 111°, in the axilla
111° F. The man was ordered to be laid in the bath-tub, but
there was no water at hand, and when some was procured in
half an hour from the time the resident first saw the patient,
he was dead. His urine, when drawn by catheter, was scalding
hot, but no albumen was found in it, nor any pus.

Post-mortem examination sixteen hours after death revealed
only intense congestion of kidneys, and of all the genitalia and
pelvic viscera. There was no apparent inflammation of any
part of the genital passages. The brain was very much con-
gested, as were also the sinuses of the dura mater, and the
vessels of the brain. The brain substance appeared healthy ;
there was some effusion into the ventricles. There was also

congestion of the lungs.

A very curious phenomenon, which is in itself sufficient to
prove that fever is not due to a diseased condition of the
blood, irritating, or in some way acting locally upon the tis-
sues, is in the confinement, in some cases, of the fever to a
part. This is more especially seen in malarial disorders, but
is occasionally witnessed in other affections. I have never
myself seen such a case, but it is said that sometimes a por-
tion of the body not larger than the finger will pass through
all the stages of an ague paroxysm, chill, fever, and sweating.
In acute apoplexy I have known of an intense paroxysm of
fever confined to the affected side.

It is unnecessary, I think, to dwell upon this point more in
detail. The conclusions to be drawn from the clinical con-
sideration of the subject are: in some cases fever is undoubt-
edly a neurosis; whilst in other cases clinical medicine is
unable to decide with certainty whether the elevation of tem-

perature is neurotic or heemic.

A STUDY OF FEVER. 15

Having investigated the mode of origin of fever from the
clinical standpoint, as far as we are able, it is evident that we
must supplement this study by an experimental investigation.
As it has been shown that the elevation of temperature is at
least sometimes brought about through the agency of the ner-
vous system, the experimental inquiry will first be directed to
discovering to what extent, and in what way, the nervous
system does influence animal temperature.

In 1870 P. Heidenhain announced (P fliiger’s Archiv, p. 504)
that when a sensitive nerve is stimulated, a fall of temperature
occurs simultaneously with the rise of the blood pressure. I
shall not attempt to follow this memoir closely, but shall simply
state the results of the experiments, the conclusions drawn, and
the evident reasons there are for not allowing the justice of the
deductions made.

The experimental facts which were reached are as follows :—

Ist. Irritation of a sensitive nerve causes a rise in blood
pressure but a fall in temperature.

2d. This fall occurs in the posterior part of the body even
after the circulation has been cut off by forcible compression
of the aorta.

3d. When, in animals which have been thrown into a high
fever by the injection of putrid matters, a sensitive nerve is
stimulated, a rise of blood pressure occurs as in the normal
condition, but no change of temperature.

Dr. Heidenhain believes that when the blood pressure rises the
blood current moves more rapidly, and that the fall of tempera-
ture is due to the surface blood being returned more quickly to
the internal organs and thereby cooling them more rapidly than
normal. It seems scarcely necessary to point out that if the
blood is returned more rapidly to the interior, it of necessity
remains upon the exterior for a shorter period, and is cooled
less than normal. It makes no difference whether a quart of

fluid cooled one-tenth of a degree, or a pint cooled two-tenths

16 THE TONER LECTURES.

of a degree, is returned in a given time so far as the temperature
is concerned. More than this, in a very quick passage the blood
probably loses less than a proportionate amount of caloric. Be
these things as they may, the second and third experimental
facts seem, to my mind, entirely suflicient to prove the incor-
rectness of the theory of Heidenhain—a theory whose utter
improbability is shown by the circumstance that in some of his
experiments, though the animals were wrapped in wool, yet the
temperature fell steadily after galvanization of anerve. Under
such circumstances it seems incorrect to attribute the fall of
temperature to increased evolution of heat from the body
owing to changes in the circulation.

The work of Heidenhain has been reviewed and extended by
Dr. F. Riegel (Pfliiger’s Archiv, Bd. iv. 1871).

In Dr. Riegel’s experiments the fall of temperature did not
always occur when the nerve was irritated, although the pressure
always rose. Moreover, he noticed that the temperature usually
remained at the minimum point for a long time after the with-
drawal of the stimulus, although the blood pressure returned
at once to the normal point.

The experiments and results of Heidenhain were, indeed, not
entirely novel. The same ground appears to have been covered
by Mantigazza.» Where his memoir is published I am unable to
say, but his results and conclusions, as quoted without refer-
ence, by Redard (Archives Générales, V1. Série, t. xix., p. 35),
are as follows :—

1. Intense pain transmitted by spinal nerves and the skin
causes a rapid fall of temperature, which in the rabbit amounts
to from 0.68° C. to 2.48° C.; the mean being 1.27° C.

2. The temperature falls perceptibly du ring the first minute,
and arrives at its maximum in ten to twelve minntes.

3. The lowered temperature may last for an hour and a half.

4. The fall is most marked when the pain does not give origin
to muscular spasms.

A STPUDY OF FEVER. 17

5. The same phenomena occur in man.

6. The grave abatement of temperature produced by a pain
lasting ten minutes would appear to be dependent upon an al-
teration of the chemical actions of the body, and not merely to
an indirect influence exerted upon the vaso-motor nerves.

In order to clearly determine the truth concerning the influ-
ence of irritation upon a sensitive nerve I have myself per-
formed the following experiments, which are, of course, repe-
titions of those of earlier observers. The records of these

experiments are as follows:—

Experiment 1.

A young pup. Crural and axillary nerves exposed and

thermometer placed in peritoneal cavity.

Minutes. Temp.

0 1012° Intense current to brachial; violent cries and struggles.
11 pel es |
24 1003 Current withdrawn.
4 1003
4i 1008
54 1004
7 1008
9 1003 Current reapplied.
10 1003
i 1003 Current broken.
13 1004
17 100
19 992
21 993
22 998
24 994 Current reapplied.
25 994
26 994
27 993 Current broken.
29 991
67 99
97 100

127 100 Dog killed.
2

18 THE TONER LECTURES.

EHxperiment 2.

A stout tom cat. The animal was closely wrapped up in
flannels, many folds around the body and legs. Thermometer

in peritoneal cavity.

Minutes. Temp.

0 10189 .
1014 ~~‘ Brachial nerves cut down upon and exposed since last
note.
6 Intense current applied to nerves.
7 1013 Violent cries and struggles.
8 1013 Current interrupted.
20 1018
25 1013
26 Current applied.
264 1012 Violent struggles and cries.
27 1013
28 1012. Current broken.
30 1013
33 1014

35 1013 Cat killed.

Experiment 3.

Anadult rabbit. Under chloroform, axillary nerves exposed,
and a thermometer inserted through a small openiag in the

linea alba into peritoneum.

Minutes. Temp.

0 10230

2 102% Current applied to nerve; violent struggles and cries.
34 102% Temperature of room 83°. Current broken.

44 102%

5 ©1028

7 1028

g 1023

10°. 1028

ee sive

isa toas

19 1012 Current applied; struggles and cries as before.
Current broken.

A STUDY OF FEVER. 19

Minutes. Temp.

22 1013°
26 1013
29 1014
327) 1013

Experiment 4.

An adult rabbit. Prepared as in previous experiments, ex-

€ept crural nerve used.

Minutes. Temp.
0 1033°

2 1033 Current applied to nerve.
24 103% Violent struggles and cries; current broken.
4) * 1032

10 102% Rabbit quiet.

12 1024

14 102%

15 102

hells

214 101} Anesthesia has been induced and the opposite crural
nerve exposed, and used through rest of experiment.
22 1014 Current applied.
24 1013 Current broken.
1
2

234 1018 Rabbit squealing and struggling.

25 1018 Current applied, giving rise to violent struggles and
cries.

26 101% Current broken.

27-1013

29 1013

ee Olt

35 1002

40 1002

AT 998

49 aoe Rabbit killed.

An examination of these records will show that rarely did
the temperature fall whilst the current was being applied, and
that in several cases there was even a perceptible rise amount-
ing from an eighth to a half of a degree. This rise I believe to
be due to the rise of blood pressure and to the violent muscular

exertion which the pain caused. It certainly occurred at the

20 THE TONER LECTURES.

period at which the blood pressure was increased. In many ex-
periments upon the action of irritation of a sensitive nerve
upon the arterial pressure, | have found that if the rise oc-
curs it is immediate, and that in a very brief time after the
cessation of the irritation the arterial pressure becomes normal.
In all of my experiments, here reported, the fall of temperature
did not fairly commence until after the period of disturbances
of the circulation; in most cases it was very persistent and
progressively increased for many minutes. In Experiment 4
the fall amounted to three degrees and three-quarters, and did
not reach its maximum until twenty-three minutes after the last
irritation of the sensitive nerve. Without occupying more time
with the matter, it is evidently absurd to attribute the fall of
temperature to disturbances of the circulation, since, at the time
of the fall of temperature, the circulation is not profoundly
affected.

The conclusion, from all the data which has been brought
forward, seems logically inevitable that the fall of temperature
which results from the irritation of a sensitive nerve, is inde-
pendent of the circulation, and is due to a direct influence of
the nervous system upon the heat-producing function of the
body.

The clinician knows full well that in certain conditions of
the system a fall of temperature occurs in man apparently in-
dependent of the circulation; and in animals the same thing
san be experimentally shown to follow severe injuries. Ac-
cording to Horwath ( Centralblatt fur die Med. Wissensch. 1870,
No. 35) and other observers, binding an animal upon a table Is
sufficient to provoke a very decided fall of temperature. When
the animal is seriously wounded this fall is more pronounced;
and during the late Franco-Prussian war P. Redard ( Arehtves
Générales, vi. série, t. xix.) determined that serious gunshot
wounds are always in man followed by a very decided abate-
ment of the bodily heat. Out of fifty-one observations made

a i ls eg An ea eran ie

A STUDY OF FEVER. 21

upon as many individuals, the maximum temperature was 37°
C., the minimum 34.2° C., and the general in the neighborhood
of 36° C. Perfectly parallel_phenomena have been found to
occur after large burns; Redard reports some such cases.

Certainly these facts are enough to prove that the nervous
system has the power of directly influencing calorification, but
the complete elucidation of their signification must be post-
poned until later in my lecture.

In 1837 Sir Benj. Brodie (Medico-Chirurg. Trans., 1837)
observed the case of a man in whom, after a traumatic section
of the spinal cord, the temperature rose in the course of a few
hours to 111° F.

Acting upon this hint, Sir B. Brodie made experiments upon
animals, and found that in them, under certain circumstances,
the temperature rose very greatly after section of the cord.

Studies of the effect of division of the cord upon the tempe-
rature have, since the time of Brodie, been made by very many
observers, notably by Bernard (Compt. Rend., 1852, 1853),
Schiff (Untersuchungen zur Physiologie des Nervensystems,
Frankford, 1855), Chossat (Meckel’s Archiv, 1852), Tsche-
schichin (Retchert’s Archiv, 1866), Naunyn and Quincke (bid.
1869), Rosenthal (Centralblatt, April, 1869), Binz ( Virchow’s
Archiv, 1870). It is hardly necessary to trace, step by step,
the various views which have been held by these authors, and I
shall only speak of the results obtained by the more recent ob-
servers—results which I have myself experimentally deter-
mined to be correct.

If the cord of a rabbit or other small mammal be cut in the
lower cervical region, the temperature at once falls; and if the
air of the apartment be decidedly below the warmth of the body
this fall is permanent, and even increases, so that at death the
animal heat is several degrees below normal. If, however, the
animal be thoroughly wrapped in raw cotton or in wool, and if
the external temperature be not too low, the fall just spoken of

5

22 THE TONER LECTURES.

is but temporary, and is succeeded by a rise of temperature
which passes far beyond the normal point, so that the animal
dies in a state of intense fever. In my own experiments, the
cooling of the body after death has often taken place more
slowly than normal, but I have never seen that post-mortem rise
of temperature which has been noted by Naunyn and Quincke,
and by other observers, but which appears to be only an occa-
sional phenomena absent in the majority of cases. According
to my own experience (and the testimony of other investigators
is in accord with it), if the external temperature be much below
that of the body of the animal, no amount of wrappings will
suffice to bring about the febrile reaction; and if an animal in
which the fever has already come on be exposed to external
cold, the temperature falls. The time that elapses between the
division of the cord and the rise of temperature varies from a
few minutes to many hours, and is dependent upon the external
conditions. If the animal be in a heated room, breathing
heated air, the period of fall is a very short one. In none of
my own trials, however, and in none of those reported by other
observers, so far as I am aware, has the fall of temperature
been altogether absent. In the experiments of Naunyn and
Quincke, although the animal was put at once into a warm chest
where the temperature was between 80° and 90° F., yet it was
always several hours before the normal temperature was reached.
The question here naturally arises, is the subsequent rise of
temperature really due to the division of the cord, or is it due
simply to the external heat to which the animal is exposed?
An experiment completely crucial as to this point was _ per-
formed by Naunyn and Quincke. They first placed the unin-
jured animal in the warm box, and when after some hours no
rise of its bodily temperature had occurred, divided the cord
and replaced the animal in the warm chest, when intense fever
came on in avery short time. Again these observers opened

the spinal canal so as to completely expose the cord without

Lhe. eee ee

A STUDY OF FEVER. 23

cutting it, and placed the animal in the warm chest for the
space of ten hours; at the end of this time the bodily heat had
risen six-tenths of a degree only. The following day the cord
was divided and the animal replaced in the warm chest: in the
first twenty minutes the bodily temperature fell nearly one
degree, but in the next hour and twenty minutes, at end of
which time death occurred, rose three degrees.

it seems to me indisputably established that the secondary
rise of temperature, after division of the cord, as well as the
primary fall, are in some way produced by the operation.

The question here logically presents itself, Is the first fall of
temperature due to a lessened production of animal heat or an
abnormal throwing off of the bodily heat? Tscheschichin (Joc.
cit., pp. 154, 177) found that the temperature in the interior of
the body sank more rapidly than that of the external parts after
section of the cord; thus, in one experiment, the mercury in
two thermometers, which had their bulbs respectively in the
intestines and underneath the skin of the animal, differed before
the operation in height eight-tenths degree F., whilst some
time after the operation they only differed one-tenth degree F.
Dr. Tscheschichin seems to believe that this experiment proves
a markedly increased throwing out of heat after the operation
—an induction which does not seem to me logically correct.

Granting that after division of the cord the inner parts of
the body always lose their heat faster than do the outer parts,
I do not see that this proves anything more than that after the
operation the intercommunication between the interior and
exterior portions of the body is freer than normal. In fact,
however, the phenomenon is not constant, as is proved by the
following experiment, in which the external thermometer fell

much faster than did the internal.

24 THE TONER LECTURES.

LHaperiment 5.

A stout female cat. The bulb of one thermometer intro-
duced through an opening in the linea alba into the peritoneal

cavity, that of the other thrust under the skin to a considerable

distance.

Int. Ext.
Time. Temp. Temp.. Remarks. . zs
10.25 10239 1013°
10.30 Cord cut in the extreme upper dorsal region.

10.35 1024 “1014
10.40 102$ 101

10.45 1012. 1002

10.49 1018 1008

te 101 100

LIS i HOTS 499

TOG) 1013 98 Cat just dead.

It is in truth very difficult to determine exactly to what
the primary fall of temperature after section of the spinal cord
is due. The fact that after the secondary fever has been
developed the temperature will fall, if the animal be exposed
to a cool air, certainly shows that the body throws off heat
more rapidly than normal. The-dilatation of the vessels in
the lungs, and on the surface, and the slowly moving blood
current are certainly well calculated to produce an abnormal
loss of animal heat. Since, however, Naunyn and Quincke
have found that the fall occurs even when an animal is ope-
rated upon in an atmosphere at 86° F., it is probable that
there is immediately following division of the cord diminished
heat production as well as increased heat evolution. -The influ-
ence of atropia upon the temperature, the effects of nerve sections,
and various facts which it is not necessary here to reiterate, seem
to me to indicate that vaso-motor paralysis, 7. e., lessened arte-
rial pressure and dilatation of the vessels, always tends towards
the production of these phenomena. Be this as it may, facts
which it would be premature to bring forward at this time,

~~

A STUDY OF FEVER. D5

h

prove that the fall does not occur when the section is above the
vase-motor centres, and consequently that it is airectly con-
nected with the vaso-motor paralysis, and the consequent de-
rangement of the circulation.

Tscheschichin states that in a single experiment, instead of
cutting the cord he divided the medulla oblongata at its junc-
tion with the pons, and that the rise of temperature was in
this case immediate, not preceded by a fall. Led by this I

have performed the following experiments.

Experiment 6.

A large powerful mongrel dog.

Time. Temp. Remarks.
12. 1022°
12.20 Since last note have opened skull above the foramen

magnum with a trephine; in doing this J have un-
doubtedly wounded a sinus, as the dog has lost fully
& pint of blood. I have just severed medulla.

1225 1033

12.30% 41038

12.40 104 Breathing regular.

12.50 1043

1 1043

110 1054

1.30 1053 Thermometer put into abdominal cavity.

2 Cardiometer inserted into femoral artery. Art. pres-

sure 75; upon galvanization of a sensitive nerve it
fell to50. The pneumogastric nerves were now cut ;
pressure after this was 45-55; on galvanization of
a sensitive nerve the pressure rose to 65°. The
breathing is now very much affected, and paralysis
both of sensation and motion is seemingly complete.

Autopsy.—Medulla oblongata divided at its junction with
the pens. Cerebellum wounded.

Experiment ".

A terrier bitch of moderate size and strength. Opened
skull.

26

Time.

11.45
11.47

1.15
2.10

2.25

Temp.

10330

1033
103%
1033
1033
104

1043
1043

106
1073

1083

THE TONER LECTURES.

Remarks.

Cut the medulla. Breathing at once ceased almost
entirely, so that dog was at one time thought to be
dead, and artificial respiration, by compressing the
body with the hand, was resorted to.

Dog beginning to breathe voluntarily, eyes not sensitive,
nor is any portion of the body.

Room 70°.

Dog shows no signs of life but the slow, regular breath-
ing.

Breathing noisy, irregular.

General muscular rigidity, with constant convulsions.
Tremor has come on; both symptoms are much
ageravated by any irritation of the surfaces. Legs
stiffly extended, tail forcibly drawn down between
them.

Room 70°

Thermometer is now in abdominal cavity (has been in
the rectum). The dog has been vomiting freely of
matter.

Arterial pressure 150-160; galvanization of a nerve
caused it to fall to 120-125.

Cut the par vagum. Breathing at once almost sus-
pended.

Respiration only at very long intervals. Blood in arte-
ries venous. On connecting a cardiometer tube with
the femoral, the mercury rose to the top of the ss
(205) and flowed over in abundance.

Has been no breathing for some minutes. Heart has
not ceased to beat.

Autopsy.—Knife has passed through the cerebellum, scrap-

ing the posterior surface of upper portion of medulla, and cut-

ting it very obliquely at its junction with the pons.

In looking over the records of these experiments, it will be

found that they are very conclusive, in regard to the rise of

temperature, which follows division of the medulla high up.

One of the most powerful means of lowering the temperature

A STUDY OF FEVER. 27

at our command is venesection, and yet, although the dog in
Experiment 6 was almost bled to death, the temperature rose
from the time the medulla was divided. In Experiment 7 no
bleeding of any moment occurred, and the elevation of tempe-
rature was therefore more marked than in the first trial. The
rise commenced immediately after the division of the medulla,
and amounted to almost five degrees, and was still increasing
when the animal was killed. As the temperature of the sur-
rounding air in both cases was not over seventy, the evidence
is conclusive.

These experiments show very decidedly that fever is entirely
independent of the circulation. In the small animal the arte-
rial pressure was high, but in the large dog it was reduced to
the lowest point compatible with life, and yet, in both instances,
the temperature rose. Again in neither case was there vaso-
motor paralysis, in the first experiment. After division of the
par vagum, galvanization of a sensitive nerve was followed by
a slight but distinct rise of the arterial pressure. The reason
of this rise being so slight was probably the very small amount
of blood in the vessels, so that contraction of the latter was
not followed by the usual effects.

In the smaller dog, the evidence that the vaso-motor system
was intact, was unimpeachable. At first galvanization of a
sensitive nerve depressed the pressure, very decidedly, on
account of the influence of the pain on the par vagum.

The mere height of the arterial pressure was, however,
sufficient to prove the integrity of the vaso-motor system, for
if the vessels had all been dilated, the mercury in the tube of
the manometer would certainly not have stood over 100.
Whenever asphyxia is produced in the normal animal, an
enormous rise of arterial pressure results, owing in part to the
vaso-motor spasm, which is caused by the excess of carbonic
acid in the blood.

In Experiment 7 this.rise of pressure followed the arrest of
39

28 THE TONER LECTURES.

respiration, and as there were no disturbing struggles, the
universal paralysis being complete, must have been solely due
to the action of the carbonic acid upon the heart and the vaso-
motor centre.

The evidence that the section was practised above the vaso-
motor centres, derived from the experiments themselves, is
thereforé conclusive, but it is well to call attention to the fact
that it is already established that the vaso-motor centres are
in the medulla oblongata, a fact which strangely enough has
been overlooked by most, if not all, recent English writers,
finding, for instance, no expression in the very elaborate and
recent work of Dr. Flint.* A review of the evidence at this
place would interrupt the thread or line of the present argu-
ment, and I shall therefore defer it for a few minutes.

In the following experiment the changes in the temperature
which followed separation of the medulla from the pons, are
apparently different from those previously obtained, but before
discussing the point, let me offer you the record of the expe-
riment itself.

Experiment 8.

A stout young dog above medium size.

Time. Temp. Remarks.

10.30 1033°

10.50 Brain freed with slight hemorrhage.
10.55 1044

11.5 1044

11.20 =1048

11.35 1033 Medulla cut. Absolute paralysis of motion and of
sensation at once developed.

11.37 103

12 103

* Since I received the proof of this lecture a number of the Boston
Medical and Surgical Journal has come to hand containing an article
from Prof. Bowditch on the work done abroad concerning the vaso-
moter centres. ;

A STUDY OF FEVER. 29

Time. Temp. Remarks.

12.30 103° ~=Arterial pressure 120; on galvanizing nerve it fell at
first but soon rose to 185, no movements except in
muscles supplied by nerve were elicited.

i 1013
1.20 101

1.25 Dog put in a box at temperature 90°.
1.45 1013 Temperature of box 102°.
2.30 1043 “ iW Sta
2.45 1043 « “ 90.

3 105 s a 88.
3.30 1063 “ “ 94.

+ 107 es % 84.
4.30 107 ¢ « 82.
4.40 107 , a 76.
5.30 107 % Me 72.

8 106 oh - 64.
8.30 105 t 64.

9 105 i ‘ 64.

Next morning the dog was found dead.

Autopsy.—Medulla was nearly severed obliquely, where it

merged into the pons.

In this experiment you see a fall of temperature preceded the
rise, which was apparently due to the dog’s being placed in a
hot box. The cause of this fall I cannot completely establish;
certainly, however, the fever, when developed, was indepen-
dent of the external heat, for whilst the latter was steadily fall-
ing from 104° to 72°, the animal heat rose from 104° to 107°.
In this experiment the arterial pressure rose from 120 to 185,
when a sensitive nerve was galvanized, and the vaso-motor sys-
tem was therefore intact. The fact that the medulla oblongata
was not completely divided probably accounts for the want of as
rapid a rise of temperature in this as in the previous experi-
ments; if there be a “ fever centre,” the separation of it from
the rest of the body was not complete but partial, and, there-
fore, it was not to be expected that the rise of animal heat would

be as rapid or intense as in the previous experiments. What-

~~

30 THE TONER LECTURES.

ever may have been the cause of the primary fall, the fact that

the subsequent elevation of temperature was independent of the
external heat shows that the primary fall was due to some tem-
porary cause, and that the experiment really corroborated the
others.

J. Bruck and A. Gunter (Pfliiger’s Archiv, Bd. iii. p. 579) have
also experimented upon the effect on the temperature of section
of the medulla oblongata at the border of the pons. They used
rabbits, and operated without opening the skull. Out of seven
operations they found that once the temperature rose enor-
mously after the section, once it rose very decidedly (1.1° C.)
and in four cases fell continuously. The reason of the varying
result seems to me to be found in the small size of the animal
used. It must be remembered, that, if the vaso-motor centre be
injured directly or indirectly in the operation, a fall of tempe-
rature must occur precisely as if the spine were cut lower
down, and, as Bruck and Gunter did not bring the animals into
a warm place, such fall of temperature would necessarily be
permanent. No effort was made by the observers to determine
whether or not the vaso-motor nervous system was affected; and,
as, in the rabbit (speaking from mémory), the distance between
the point assigned by Owsjannikow as the vaso-motor centre
and the border of the pons cannot be more than a tenth
of an inch, I think it is a fair inference that the vaso-motor
centres were affected. No details of the experiments are given,
but the reporter says, that the “bad success of the operation
seemed to have its foundation in the too quick death of the
animal.” ‘Taking all these circumstances into consideration, I
do not think I can justly be accused of any desire for special
pleading when I come to the conclusion, that, whilst the suc-
cessful experiments of Bruck and Gunter confirm those already
detailed in this paper, the failure in other cases of the tempe-
rature to rise in no wise invalidates the conclusions to be

A STUDY OF FEVER. 3l

hereafter drawn from the experiments of Tscheschichin and
myself.

Waving now given you the experimental facts, it is proper to
enter finally upon their discussion, and I shall take up first the
subject of the position of the vaso-motor centres.

In anumber of experiments,* which I have performed, galvani-
zation of a nerve after section of a cord in the lower cervical
region has failed to affect the circulation, or in other words, to
influence the vaso-motor centres. To-day we have seen that after
separation of the medulla from the pons nerve irritation does
influence the circulation. Evidently then the vaso-motor centre
is in the medulla. As already stated this conclusion is in accord
with that of previous observers.

‘It is true that Prof. Cyon (Mélanges Biologiques tirés du
Bulletin de V Academie Imperiale des Sciences de St. Peters-
bourg, t. vii.) found that when the cerebral hemispheres are
removed, leaving only the medulla oblongata and the cere-
bellum, irritation of a sensitive nerve is not followed by a rise
of arterial pressure. The shock and the bleeding from such
an operation are, however, so great that the results of the
experiments are of little value; certainly the loss of blood and
nervous disturbance might of themselves very conceivably
utterly paralyze the vaso-motor centres, supposing them to be
in the medulla oblongata. Therefore it cannot be allowed that
the experiments of Prof. Cyon really contradict those about to
be cited, which are in accord with those which I have myself
performed.

Dr. C. Dittmart (Berichte tiber die Verhandlugen der Konigl.
Sachs. Gesellschaft der Wissenschaften zu Leipzig. Math.

* See as an example Experiment XXVIII. in an “ Investigation into
the Action of Veratrum Viride upon the Circulation,” Phila. Medical
Times, vol. iv., also pamphlet reprint.

+ Von Bezold may have ascertained the same experimental fact in his
Untersuchungen tiber die Innervation des Herzens, Leipzig, 1863, but I
have never seen his memoir.

32 THE TONER LECTURES.

Phys. Classe. 1870, Bd. xxii.) is the first experimenter to whose
original paper I have had access, who proved that after separa-
tion of the medulla from the pons irritation of a sensitive nerve
still causes a great increase of the arterial pressure. Thus in
his experiment a (p. 33) on a rabbit, the medulla having been
previously cut, the pressure rose 29 millimetres in 16 seconds,
and in experiment 6, both peduncles of the crus cerebri having
been previously divided, the rise amounted to 30 millimetres.

I. Owsjannikow (Berichte, etc., Bd. xxiii.) has experimented
very elaborately, and has found that in cats and rabbits the
vaso-motor centre is in a space whose upper boundary is one
or two millimetres below the corpora quadrigemina, and whose

lower boundary is four to five millimetres above the point of the
calamus scriptorius, a space of about four millimetres.

Owsjannikow divided the nerve centres with very fine knives
and employed the effect upon the arterial pressure of galvanizing
a sensitive nerve as a test of the integrity of the vaso-motor
centre. His experiments have every appearance of care and
accuracy,

R. Heidenhain (Pfliiger’s Archiv, Bd. iv. p. 552, 1871) has
also, in numerous experiments, determined that separation of
the medulla from the pons in dogs does not prevent the rise
of arterial pressure when a sensitive nerve is irritated.

The results obtained severally by Dittmar, Owsjannikow,
Heidenhain, and myself are therefore in accord, and seem to
prove that the chief vaso-motor centre is in the medulla
oblongata, probably in the exact position indicated by Ows-
jannikow.

It does not follow, however, that this centre in the medulla
is the sole generator of vaso-motor force. It is much more
probable that it is simply of the nature of a governing or start-
ing centre, and that the chief generators of vaso-motor force
are placed in the cord. These cells, if they exist, may, under
ordinary circumstances, not have the power of generating vaso-

A STUDY OF FEVER. 33

motor impulses—but it may be their function to receive the
impulse from above as their normal stimulant, which shall ex-
cite them to send an impulse, which is received, not by the vaso-
motor muscle fibres, but by cells of the so-called sympathetic
ganglia. The anatomy of the nervous system appears to me to
point to this method of action, but a still stronger indication
of it is afforded by the experiments of Schlesinger (Wiener
Med. Jahrb. 1874), who found, in agreement with other ob-
servers, that when the cord is cut in the dog irritation of a
sensitive nerve has no effect upon the arterial pressure, but
who also discovered that if the animal were poisoned with
strychnia, irritation of a sensitive nerve did induce rise of the
arterial pressure.

If there be no fallacy underlying these experiments, it would
appear a rational explanation of these results that strychnia so
excites the nerve cells of the spinal cord as to cause them to
respond to an impulse from below, which, under ordinary cir-
cumstances, is unable to affect them. Be these things, however,
as they may, the cardinal fact seems absolutely proven by the
concurrent experiments of five observers that the chief or

governing vaso-motor centre is in the medulla oblongata.

From the facts and arguments which have been adduced, it
is very certain that the rise of temperature which follows sepa-
ration of the pons and the medulla is not due to any disturb-
ances of circulation, the vaso-motor centres not being implicated
by the operation. Moreover, as already stated, in my experi-
ments the rise occurred in dogs in which the bloodvessels were
almost empty, as well as when the arterial pressure was rather
above normal.

Can the rise be due to changes in the respiration? Certainly
not. In the first it is not conceivable that any departure from
normal respiration should have the power to induce such rapid

3

34 THE TONER LECTURES.

increase of the chemical movements of the body. In the second
place the temperature rose in my experiments during every
imaginable condition of the respiratory movements. In one
instance these were so far abolished that life had to be sustained
for a time by alternately squeezing the chest and allowing it to
dilate; at another time the breathing was natural; in another
case it was hurried. Under all circumstances the bodily heat
steadily increased.

The fever then which follows separation of the medulla from
the pons is independent of the circulation and the respiration.
I believe with Tscheschichin that it must be due to the removal
of the influence of some repressive force, and that there must be
in the pons or above it a nerve centre whose function it is to
inhibit or repress the chemical movements of the body, i.e., the
production of animal heat.

It certainly is an accepted deduction in physiology that section
of a nerve induces abolition of function, and that the symp-
toms which follow such section are paralytic in their nature.
Applying this obvious axiom or rule to this case, it is plain
that the rise of temperature is owing to a paralysis, and that
this paralysis must be of something which keeps down tempe-
rature. It would seem hardly necessary to discuss this point
in detail, had it not been asserted (P/fliiger’s Archiv, Bad. iii. p.
581), that the rise of temperature which follows section of the
medulla at the border of the pons is due to an irritation of the
medulla. Heidenhain states that he was led to this conclu-
sion by noting that the rabbits, upon which Bruck and Ginter
experimented, showed symptoms of irritation of the medulla in
that their breathing was exceedingly rapid. Acting upon this,
he suggested that the effect of puncture should be tried, and
accordingly Bruck and Gunter instituted such experiments.
The temperature rose more uniformly than in the previous
experiments in which section was practised. It was found that
two or more punctures were more effectual than a single one,

ba

A STUDY OF FEVER. 35

and that the effect was still more pronounced, if two of the
lance-shaped needles were plunged in at once, and allowed to
remain (in das Gehirn senkt und dieselben liegen lasst).

In commenting on this, I want to call attention to the fact
that in some of my experiments the temperature rose at a time
when, so far from there being irritation of the medulla, this organ
was so depressed by the shock that the animal had to be kept
alive by artificial respiration. It is evident that in the experi-
ment of Bruck and Giinter, the nerve centres were actually
wounded, and I see no reason for disbelieving the possibility
of this wound affecting the conducting power of the nerve
fibres, especially as it is plain that the deeper and larger the
wound, 7. e., the more numerous the needles, the greater was
the rise in temperature. The paralytic effect of plunging a needle
into a nerve centre certainly reaches, at least for a time, beyond
the obvious wound, and the effect of leaving a needle in must be
to increase this paralysis by pressure. The reason the rise was
obtained more frequently after the “ stick” than after the section
of the medulla, seems to me to depend upon the circumstance
that in the former case, the vaso-motor centres were not so apt
to be involved as in the latter.

It must be borne in mind that the rise in temperature which
follows this section of the medulla oblongata is obviously of the
same character as that which follows section of the cord lower
down. Now it is simply inconceivable, that irritation of a
nerve centre should give rise to the same symptom as section
of the nerve, which runs from the centre. Ifirritation ofa cerebral
nerve centre be followed by a rise of temperature, section of the
spinal cord ought to be followed by a fall of temperature. As
the facts are, it seems to me as logical to attribute the loss of
voluntary movement which follows section of the medulla oblon-
gata to irritation, as to attribute the rise of temperature to 1rri-
tation.

Whether we do or do not grant the existence of the inhibi-

36 THE TONER LECTURES.

tory chemical centre, the experiments which have here been
detailed, undoubtedly prove that the nerve centres influence
directly the chemical activities of the body. The increase of
reflex activities, which follows section of the medulla, is univer-
sally believed to be due to the separation of the cord from an
inhibitory motor centre, and why should it seem so strange that
there should be an inhibitory heat centre? the evidence in the
two cases is completely parallel.

Although I am now advancing beyond actual demonstration,
it is very possible that this inhibitory heat centre does not act
directly upon the tissues, but that through the whole length of
the cord there are cells whose function it is to preside imme-
diately over chemical activities, and that upon them the inhibi-
tory centre exercises a controlling influence. Without going
into any further discussion of this point, let me say that the
clinical facts of the so-called infantile palsy seem to point in
this direction.

The nervous physiologist very often has called to his aid
pathology and the records of clinical medicine, and confirmation
of asserted physiological facts and conclusions from such
sources is always considered to be entitled to much weight. I
have never myself had a case of severe hemorrhage into the
pons, but others have, and the records are in accord with the
theory of an inhibitory chemical centre. I shall not cite indi-
vidual cases, but, as more authoritative, the general results put
forth by Dr. Bastian in his recent lectures on the differential
diagnosis of the clot in apoplexy. He says (London Lancet,
Oct. 31, 1874), after severe hemorrhage into the pons, when the
life is prolonged for a few hours, the temperature of both sides
of the body steadily rises, till, at the time of death, it may
have attained to 109° or 110° F., a condition of profoundest
coma continuing throughout. Why should the fever of a clot
in the pons be more a result of irritation than is the palsy

which follows a clot in the corpus striatum ?

A STUDY OF FEVER. 37

It is a matter of the gravest scientific interest to decide
exactly where this inhibitory heat centre is situated. I have not
yet had time to undertake a research upon this point, but hope
soon to do so. The known facts of clinical medicine seem,
however, to indicate that in the optic thalami, or their neighbor-
hood, are the ganglia which control chemical changes. Thus,
lesions of the optic thalami, according to Bastian, produce a
rise of temperature in the paralyzed limb which amounts to
from one and a half to two degrees, and “ persists for a long

time, it may be for many weeks.” There is, of course, no

‘reason for believing that, in this case, the increase of tempera-

ture is due to a vaso-motor paralysis, because the vaso-motor
centre is far below the part affected. More than this, those who
would attribute all these changes in temperature to vaso-motor
paralysis are here between Scylla and Charybdis. The limb
of the unfortunate child is permanently icy cold, because in in-
fantile palsy there is vaso-motor paralysis, and the limb of the
unfortunate man is permanently burning hot, because in apo-
plexy of the optic thalamus there is vaso-motor palsy. I believe
it to be a matter of grave doubt whether pure vaso-motor
paralysis is ever followed by a permanent rise of temperature ;
the local fever which’ occurs after section of the so-called
sympathetic nerves being very probably due to these nerves
being composed of two sets of nerve fibres, the vaso-motor
and those which proceed from the chemical centres to the
periphery.

If what has already been asserted in this -ecture be true,
namely, that the fall of temperature which is produced by gal-
vanization of a sensitive nerve is independent of the circulation,
and that there is a controlling chemical centre, it is @ priort
exceedingly probable that the fall of temperature is induced by
an excitement of this centre, consequent upon irritation of the
afferent nerve, or, in other words, that the fall of animal heat

38 THE TONER LECTURES.

which follows galvanization of a sensory nerve is the result of
a reflex excitement of the inhibitory chemical nerves.

If the experimental results be found to agree with this
reasoning, the asserted correctness of the premises is greatly
corroborated. The following experiments were instituted to

test the matter.

Experiment 9.

A stout young dog. Medulla nearly cut through at its
junction with the pons.
Time. Temp. Remark.

aL 1013° Galvanization of a sensitive nerve with an intense cur-

rent for half a minute had no perceptible effect on
temperature. Dog watched many minutes.

Experiment 10.

A stout terrier. Medulla oblongata very nearly severed from

pons.

Time. Temp.
2.10 1073° A very intense current passed for one minute through

the axillary nerves had no influence on the tempera-
ture. Animal watched many minutes.

Experiment 11.
A powerful dog. Medulla oblongata separated from pons.

Time. Temp. Remarks.

1.30 1054° ~Galvanization of a large sensitive nerve with a very
strong Faradaic current for one and a half minutes
had no perceptible effect on the temperature. Ani-
mal watched many minutes.

The results of these experiments certainly are in accord with
and corroborate the @ priori reasons. As a contrast to them,
may be profitably studied some which I have made on animals
suffering with pysmic fever. The temperature was not very
high, but it was the highest that I have seen developed in a

A STUDY OF FEVER. 39

number of experiments. The results obtained are at variance
with those of some previous observers, but of this more anon.

Experiment 12.

A moderate sized male cat.

oe) ime: Temp. Remarks.

10 A.M. 1013°F. Injected one fluidrachm of pus into the flank.
4.20 1063
4.40 Abdomen opened in linea alba and thermometer

inserted; temperature remainder of experi-
ment taken from it.

4.45 . 106
4.53 In cutting down for femoral nerve an artery
. wounded, and about f3ss of blood was lost.

4.55 103

4.59 103 Current of moderate strength applied to nerve
for about half a minute..

4.60 1024

5.5 102

5.15 Current applied for a brief space.

5.20 101

5.24 100} A very strong current applied for three-quarters
of a minute.

5.25 1003

5.26 1004

5.29 1003

5.30 Very strong current applied to nerve for about
a minute.

5.3) 100

5.33 100

5.34 99% Cat killed.

Eaperiment 13.
A moderate sized male cat.

Date. Time. Temp. Remarks.
1215 10 A.M. 1029 A half fluidrachm of pus injected into
cellular tissue.

12.16 10. A fluidrachm injected.
4.30 P.M. 1053
12.17 11.35 105 Opened linea alba and_ transferred

thermometer to peritoneal cavity.

40 THE TONER LECTURES.

Time. Temp. Remarks.

11.40 10439

11.45 104 Strong current applied to femoral nerve.

11.47 104 Current broken.

11.50 104

E55 1034

12 103

12.5 1023

12.7 1023 Current reapplied.

12.8 1023 Current broken.

12.12 102%

12.16 102%

12.20 102

12.45 Thermometer retransferred to the
rectum.

12.47 102 Cat killed.

It is proper to state at this place that both of the last two
series of my experiments have yielded seemingly different re-
sults from similar experiments made by R. Heidenhain.
(P fliiger’s Archiv, Bd. iii. p. 510.) That observer states that
in a number of instances he has found that irritation of a
sensitive nerve, after separation of the pons from the
medulla, is followed by a fall of temperature. On examin-
ing the record of the single experiment, I find, however, that
the fall took place solely during the application of the galvan-
ism to the nerve, and amounted at such times only from .05 to
-l of a degree (C.). Indeed, throughout the experiment, the
temperature really rose, so that at the end it was decidedly
higher during the periods of nerve excitement than it was
before the nerve had been irritated at all; and at the close,
when the nerve was not stimulated, the bodily heat was .2 C.
higher than at first. This very slight fall of temperature,
occurring during the period of stimulation, is something very
different from the profound fall which occurs some time after
the stimulation, and of which I have been speaking all through
the evening. This slight, evanescent alteration of temperature

is very probably due to alterations in the respiration or circula-

A STUDY OF FEVER. 41

tion. I cannot allow, therefore, that the experiments of Hei-
denhain contradict, much less disprove, what I have previously
asserted.

His experiments on animals suffering from pyzemic fever
have also differed from mine, in that he did not obtain any fall
of temperature. The explanation of this is probably to be
found in the fact that he employed very feeble currents. It:
may be that it is more difficult to depress the temperature of a
feverish than of a normal animal. Upon this point I shall
speak more fully a little later in my lecture.

A knowledge of the existence of an inhibitory chemical
centre throws a flood of light upon many hitherto inexplicable
puzzles in clinical medicine.

Thus it has long been known that high bodily temperature
may coexist with any condition of the circulation; and so long
as it was believed that the rapidity of the production of animal
heat was directly dependent upon the activity of the blood-
current, the coexistence of high fever and of lessened arterial
action was a very strange phenomenon.

Another class of cases completely cleared up by discovery
of inhibitory chemical nerves, is the so-called cerebral rheuma-
tism, an instance of which was detailed earlier in the evening.
The fever so universally present in acute rheumatism is proba-
bly, in most cases,a merely “‘irritative fever,” essentially dif-
ferent, in the method of its production, from the high tempera-
ture of “cerebral rheumatism.” It is caused by the articular
inflammation of the joints, precisely as it is in cases of simple,
non-specific, acute inflammation of joints, and in a manner
which shall be explained directly.

The materies morbi of rheumatism, whatever its nature may
be, is seemingly whimsical in its choice of attack. One day it
is the wrist, the next the ankle, the next, perhaps, the pericar-
dium or the pleura, which receives the blow. We cannot tell

why any individual part is attacked or is spared in any indi-

42 THE TONER LECTURES.

vidual case. Now, with seemingly as little reason, sometimes
the materies morbi expends its force upon the inhibitory chem-
ical centre, and overwhelms it, paralyzes it; a general and rapid
rise of temperature results. The pain and sensibility in the
joints disappear, not because the disease has left the articula-
tions and attacked the brain, but because sensibility is every-
“where destroyed by the heat, as is shown by the fact that in
the case here reported, just so soon as the heat was abstracted
and the general sensibility restored, the pain and tenderness —
reappeared in the joints.

The mode of origin of an ordinary case of irritative fever is
rendered very evident by a knowledge of the inhibitory chemi-
cal centre. A boil, a pneumonic lung, or any local focus of
irritation, sends an impulse up an afferent nerve to the inhibi-
tory chemical centre. Perhaps, at first, this inhibitory centre
is excited to action, and the animal heat is reduced, and a
chill is caused. If the irritation be more persisting, the inhi-
bitory centre is weakened or paralyzed, and an elevation of
temperature results.

The complete analogue of this exists in the case of the ordi-
nary motor nervous system. One irritation to a nerve results
in the production of a distant spasm; another in the produc-
tion of a distant paralysis; in other words, just as a peripheral
irritation may produce reflex functional excitement or reflex
functional depression of a motor centre, so may it cause a
reflex functional excitement, or a reflex functional depression
of this heat-centre; the difference being, that whilst in the
former instance there is a spasm or a paralysis, in the latter
there is a chill or a fever.

It is well known that the slightest splinter will sometimes
cause the most intense motor disturbance; hence it is not
strange that the irritation caused by the passage of a catheter
should produce an intense disturbance of the inhibitory heat-

centre, and consequently of the production of animal heat.

A STUDY OF FEVER. 43

Because fever in some cases is produced by a paralysis of
the inhibitory nerve-centre, it by no means follows that it is
always so; indeed, it is most probable that there are other
methods of its causation. The inhibitory centre must have
an antagonistic force which tends towards the formation of
chemical changes. Whether this activity does or does not
reside solely in the tissues themselves, is not at present
_ positively ascertained. It may be that there is a nerve-centre
whose function it is to increase chemical movements. Be this
as it may, reasoning from what is known of inhibitory nervous
action, it would seem most probable that there is an accele-
rator as well as a depressor chemical nerve. If there be such,
_ it must also play a réle in the production of fever. We must
be careful, however, not to theorize beyond our facts, and we
have no positive knowledge of the existence of any chemical
nerves except those which control the chemical movements.

Again, it is certain that there are substances which affect these
chemical movements either by acting directly upon the tissues
or upon the blood. Thus I have ascertained by recent experi-
ments that the nitrite of amyl will lower the temperature, 7. e.,
lower the chemical activities of the body after the latter has
been separated from the upper nerve-centre by division of the
cord; and Binz and others have proven that alcohol and cer-
tain other drugs have the same power.

It has not hitherto been proven that fever ever occurs as the
result of a direct action of any agency upon the tissues, but it
may be accepted as a necessity, that if some materials exist
which are capable of directly lessening the chemical move-
ments of the tissues, there must be other agencies which
directly stimulate these same tissue actions.

No disease is more directly traceable to entrance of a poison
into the blood than is pyzemia or septiceemia, and none is more
constantly attended with fever, or more easily produced in the

lower animals.
40

44 THE TONER LECTURES.

I have, therefore, endeavored to determine whether, in
pymia, the chemical nerve-centre is affected, but my experi-
ments have not been pushed far enough to be absolutely con-
clusive. Since, in pyzemic fever in the rabbit, the tempera-
ture—at least in my experience—never goes above 106° F., it
is evident that there cannot be a complete paralysis of the
inhibitory chemical centre, for if such paralysis existed, the
fever would be much more intense. The results in my experi-
ments, already detailed, coincide with this view of the case,
and thereby corroborate the truth of our deductions. They
are, however, at variance with those of Heidenhain. I found
that the temperature in pysemic fever was profoundly affected
by peripheral irritations, whilst he found that it was not in-
fluenced.

Without doubt, the experiments were in each case accurately
performed and correctly reported; the diversity, in all proba-
bility, depends upon his having employed feeble irritations—
such as he had found would influence the temperature in the
normal animal, whilst I applied very intense faradaic currents
directly to large nerve-trunks. It is an almost necessary
inference that, in septic fever, the inhibitory or chemical centre
has lost, in part, its susceptibility, but is still capable of
responding to very powerful stimulation; or, in other words,
that the inhibitory chemical centre is, in pyzemia, in.a condi-
tion of paresis, but not of paralysis.

That the centre is not paralyzed is shown by the compara-
tively low temperature attained in pyemia. After section of
the medulla, the temperature in the dog rose rapidly to 108°,
and was still rising when the animal was killed; whilst in the
rabbit, whose natural temperature is higher than that of the
dog in pyzmia, I have never seen the thermometer mark
higher than 106°.

In bringing this long lecture to a close, there are many

thoughts in regard to pathological and especially therapeutical

A STUDY OF FEVER. 45

subjects which I might venture to bring before you, had I not
trespassed so much on your patience: as it is, I must take leave
of you with the expression of the hope that some of you, having
been shown, at least, glimpses of truth new to you, will think
and experiment, so as to aid in determining which, of the many
things that I have said to you this evening in all honesty, are
true and which are false; to the end that out of the labors of

many minds the whole truth may at last be evolved.

“i

SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS.
300

THE TONER LECTURES

INSTITUTED TO ENCOURAGE THE DISCOVERY OF NEW TRUTHS

FOR THE ADVANCEMENT OF MEDICINE.

LECTURE V.

ON THE SURGICAL COMPLICATIONS AND SEQUELS OF
THE CONTINUED FEVERS.

BY

WILLIAM W. KEEN, M.D.,

OF PHILADELPHIA.

DELIVERED FEBRUARY 17, 1878.

WASHINGTON:

SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION.
MARCH, 1877.

ADVERTISEMENT.

Tue “Toner Lectures” have been instituted at Washington,
D. C., by Joseph M. Toner, M.D., who has placed in charge of
a Board of Trustees, consisting of the Secretary of the Smith-
sonian Institution, the Surgeon-General of the United States
Army, the Surgeon-General of the United States Navy, and
the President of the Medical Society of the District of Colum-
bia, a fund, “the interest of which is to be applied for at least
two annual memoirs or essays relative to some branch of medi-
cal science, and containing some new truth fully established by
experiment or observation.”

As these lectures are intended to increase and diffuse knowl-
edge, they have been accepted for publication by the Smith-
sonian Institution in its ‘“ Miscellaneous Collections.”

The First LEctTuRE of this series was delivered March 28,
1873, by Dr. J. J. Woopwarp, “On the Structure of Cancer-
ous Tumors and the Mode in which adjacent parts are invaded.”
Published by the Smithsonian Institution, November, 1873.
44 pp. 8vo.

The Seconp Lecture was delivered April 22, 1874, by Dr.
C. E. Brown-S£QUARD, on the “ Dual Character of the Brain.”
Published by the Smithsonian Institution, January, 1877. 25
pp. 8vo.

The Tuirp LEcTURE was delivered May 14, 1874, by Dr. J.
M. Da Costa, on “Strain and Over-Action of the Heart.”
Published by the Institution, August, 1874. 32 pp. 8vo.

Cin)

iv ADVERTISEMENT.

The Fourts Lrcrure was delivered January 20, 1875, by
Dr. Horatio C. Woop, on “A Study of the Nature and Me-
chanism of Fever.” Published by the Institution, February,
1875. 48 pp. 8vo. ;

JOSEPH HENRY,
Secretary Smithsonian Institution.

SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION,
Washington, April, 1877.

HEC RU REV.

Delivered February 17, 1876.

ON THE SURGICAL COMPLICATIONS AND SEQUELS OF THE
CONTINUED FEVERS.

By WILiiam W. Keen, M.D.,
OF PHILADELPHIA,

THE province of the physician and that of the surgeon are,
in general, sufficiently sharply defined and differentiated, yet
they have many points of contact. While some diseases belong
exclusively to the province of the one, and some to that of the
other, other diseases may fall with equal propriety under the
care of either practitioner. Still another class of cases, how-
ever, beginning in the domain of Medicine, may terminate in
that of Surgery, and we may lack their complete history from
the very fact of this division of their care and interest. _

Among the diseases classed as strictly medical, none deserve
the appellation more definitely than the continued fevers, and
especially Typhus and Typhoid. Yet I hope to show that
fevers are not infrequently the cause of the gravest and least
expected surgical troubles, mention of which is generally
omitted, even in our best text-books on medicine, still more
rarely noticed in works on surgery, and where noticed, it is

only with the greatest brevity.*

1 “The cases of constitutional disease discovered by fever might serve
to illustrate a large part of the convalescence of fever, a subject of the
highest interest and full of promise of utility to one who will carefully
study it. The sequele of scarlet fever are commonly enumerated ; those
of typhoid fever, especially those seen in surgical practice, are scarcely
less numerous, but seem less known.” Just as this is going to press, I
find the above remarks by Sir James Paget, in his extremely interesting
Clinical Lectures and Essays, London, 1875, p. 378.

1 (1)

bo

THE TONER LECTURES.

My attention having been called to the matter, by several
personal cases, I have been led to study the subject, and I
desire now to record briefly the results of an extensive search
of medical and surgical works as well as the records of indi-
vidual cases, in the hope that by grouping together many
isolated instances, I may be able to contribute somewhat to
our exact knowledge of the surgical complications and sequels
of the continued fevers, both as to their causes, the means of
their early recognition, the best methods of treatment, and if
possible that still higher object, the averting of dangers which
otherwise may prove disastrous to health, and too often to life
itself,

The exanthematous fevers are better known as causes of
surgical troubles, and I have therefore carefully excluded them
as well as a few cases following intermittent fevers.

I shall omit entirely all well-known results of a semi-surgical
character, such as hemorrhage from the nose and bowels, peri-
tonitis, with or without perforation, erysipelas, a not infrequent
complication about the face, or when bedsores exist, and cases
of thrombosis of the veins, which causes a variety of phleg-
masia deserving a more extended study than it has yet received."
Bedsores and the ordinary abscesses are too well known to
demand other than passing allusions. Much as I regret to do
so, I must also omit, from want of time, the consideration
of the forms of disease which especially interest the ophthal-
mic surgeon. Ulceration and perforation of the cornea are
briefly, but I may say completely, treated by Trousseau.?
Post-febrile ophthalmia or amaurosis, a peculiar retino-choroi-
ditis which follows only relapsing fever, first described by
Hewson in 1814, and Wallace in 1827, has been so carefully

1 See Bibliography ‘“ Phlegmasia,” where I have grouped the most
important references.

2 Clinique Méd. de l’H6tel-Dieu, 2d ed., p. 271, and Gaz. des Hop.,
1856, 170.

9

SURGICAL COMPLICATIONS AND SEQUELS OF FEVERS. oO

studied of late by ophthalmic writers, as to leave but little
further to be said, and I must refer those who desire to study
it to the appended Bibliography.

I shall include only such cases as diseases of the joints,
cedema glottidis and necrosis of the cartilages of the larynx,
which often require tracheotomy, necrosis of the bones, gan-
grene of the extremities and other parts, fistule of various
kinds, and the like.

The records of many cases are extremely imperfect, some
in fact are mere allusions, and I have been compelled therefore,
in tabulating them, to come as near the truth as may be. The
frequency of many symptoms is therefore greater than appears
from my tables. Especially is it difficult to discriminate
between typhus and typhoid fevers as causes. The earlier
cases, before the essential abdominal lesion of typhoid was
recognized, are all classed as typhus, and even to-day many
cases, especially in German books and journals, are briefly
called “ typhus,” meaning ‘‘ typhus abdominalis,” 7. e., typhoid.
If any error exist, therefore, it will consist in assigning too
many cases to typhus proper, for I did not feel permitted to go
back of the record unless plainly authorized to do so by the

history or the post-mortem.

I. DISEASES OF THE JOINTS.

Two forms of disease of the joints are found, first a poly-
articular inflammation, which may assume either a rheumatic
or a pyemic form; and, secondly, a monarticular inflammation.

The rheumatic variety I shall at once dismiss. The pyemic
form of inflammation is not very common, for Murchison, with
his immense experience in the London Fever Hospital, has
seen but one case. It follows the usual course of pyemia,
both in its symptoms and its usually fatal issue. Huss and

others have referred it to suppurative phlebitis from bedsores,

4 THE TONER LECTURES.

parotitis, etc., but it has been observed in cases in which no
such complication existed. Pyemic arthritis, like the gangrene
from pressure, parotitis, etc., is most apt to occur in severe
cases, in which the blood change is at its maximum, and the
“‘ typhous crasis,” as Stokes has expressed it, possibly becomes
converted into pyemia.

It is, however, the monarticular form, which will most inte-
rest us. It affects the larger joints, such as the elbow and
shoulder, the ankle and knee, but above all the hip. The
pain is usually slight. The swelling is generally readily
observed in all joints except the hip and the shoulder, where it
is probably obscured by the muscular masses about these
joints combined with the tardy increase in the swelling. Usu-
ally it arises spontaneously, but occasionally from periostitis
or necrosis extending into the joint. It rarely produces sup-
purative or fistulous openings. The result is, therefore, gene-
rally a gradual return to usefulness, although in 38 cases I
have found anchylosis. Of 43 cases, the lower extremities
were affected in 39, the upper in only 7, 3 of the cases involy-
ing a joint in both, for occasionally two large joints are affected
at once. Arthritis, therefore, resembles other surgical febrile
affections, such as gangrene, necrosis, etc., in affecting mainly
the lower extremities, as do also thrombosis and the ordinary
edema. The frequency of these joint troubles is not great.
According to Giiterbock, in a series of years in the Charité
(Berlin) and the Hamburg Hospitals, not a case occurred, and
in the Vienna General Hospital from 1868 to 1871 only 2 cases
among 3130. Murchison does not even name this complication
at all, nor do any other of our text-books, either on surgery
or practice, except a few lines by Volkmann, in Pitha and
Billroth’s Handbuch. Giiterbock and Hellwig are the only
authors who have treated them at all fully. Yet that they are
of great importance, and demand our utmost attention, will be

SURGICAL COMPLICATIONS AND SEQUELS OF FEVERS. 5

seen at once when we consider that of the 43 cases named,
spontaneous dislocations occurred twenty-seven times in the
hip, twice in the shoulder, and once in the knee.

These dislocations require more particular notice. From
their similarity to febrile arthritis in the same and other
joints their pathology seems clear, although—in singular
contrast to the strangely fatal laryngeal stenosis I shall soon
consider—not a single death has occurred, and therefore no
post-mortem verification has been possible. They belong to
the class of “ Distension-luxations.” That the cause is not the
specific poison is evident, since similar results follow other and
dissimilar diseases, such as locomotor ataxia, the exanthe-
matous fevers, hemiplegia, sciatica, and rheumatism, as pointed
out by Stanley in 1841."

Usually in the period of convalescence, following, therefore,
the prolonged exhaustion, there arises a subacute synovitis
with a gradual serous distension of the capsular ligament,
which, having reached a certain point, may slowly subside, and
no further evil follow. In 3 cases, however, this burst exter-
nally, producing sinuses, but in none of them was the dis-
charge purulent. The main result is a slow, generally unper-
ceived, elongation of the ligaments, e. g. of the hip, with perhaps
also a swelling of the so-called gland at the bottom of the
acetabulum. This distension will spend its force mainly poste-
riorly, since the inverted Y ligament reenforces the capsular
ligament in front. Given this condition, the slightest force
will dislocate the head of the femur upwards and backwards
on the dorsum of the ilium. In one case a fall to the floor
produced it, in three others turning over in bed, and twice the

lifting of the patient in the arms from one bed to another.

’ On dislocation espec. of the hip-joint. Med. Chir. Trans. xxiv. 123.
See also Malgaigne, Fract. and Disloc., Paris, 1855, ii. pp. 218-226,
882-887.

6 THE TONER LECTURES.

But in all the other 21 cases no cause was assignable, and it
is, therefore, likely that it was mere muscular contraction which
becomes, at the time when these occur, more vigorous as health
gradually returns. Seitz has recorded one of the most remark-
able cases in which, from extensive bedsores, the abdominal
decubitus was maintained for nearly a month, and he supposes
that this was the immediate cause of the dislocation. But as
in no other case is this posture noted, it cannot be regarded
as correct. Indeed, if posture have any influence, as the dis-
location is generally if not always iliac, the dorsal decubitus
would be the most favorable for its production. In one of the
shoulder cases a subcoracoid luxation was caused by the
patient’s assuming the erect posture. Gravity had here
probably some influence, together with the muscular exertion.
The dislocation of the knee also was posterior.

A remarkable case corroborative of the non-specific character
of the lesion and the probable influence of gravity, I have lately
seen in the service of Dr. Wm. G. Porter, at St. Mary’s Hos-
pital. The child was about two years of age, greatly exhausted
from mal-nutrition, and for about six weeks was kept alive by
inuuctions of sweet oil, no other nourishment whatever being
given. It had large abscesses in different parts of the body,
and at present has necrosis of the left humerus. Euzrly in the
period of returning strength and before the necrosis appeared,
spontaneous luxation of the left humerus into the axilla oc-
curred. It was easily reduced by manipulation, and has not
since recurred.

Typhoid was noted as the preceding fever in 15 and typhus
in 7 of the hip cases. Sex has a marked predisposing influence
in this, as we shall find in other diseases, for of 23 cases 15
were males and only 8 females. The age at which they occur
is still more noteworthy: 15 were under 15 years, 6 from 15 to
20, 1 was 30, and 1 was 61 years old; that is, 21 out of 23 were
under 20 years old. The analogy to coxalgia, it will be ob-

’

SURGICAL COMPLICATIONS AND SEQUELS OF FEVERS. (

served, is, therefore, very marked. Usually they were single
dislocations, 6 being on the right side and 6 on the left; but in
3 cases dislocation of both hips occurred.

From the apathetic condition of the patient in some cases,

the subacute nature of the lesion, the absence or slightness of

the pain, the masking of the swelling by even the wasted mus-
cles about the joint, and, above all, the want of knowledge of
cause or probability of the dislocation, and therefore the neglect
to examine the parts thoroughly, it is not surprising that this
threatening evil should have been often unobserved. In 9, that
is, one-third of the cases, it is distinctly stated that the actual
dislocation was the first fact observed, and in most of the others
this is probably true.

The date at which the dislocation was, at least, observed, was
generally after the third week. One case occurred in the first
week, 4 in the second, and 9 in the fourth week or later, that
is, during distinct convalescence. Pain was experienced in 13
cases. Usually, it was not severe, nor was it always strictly
localized in the hip, but sometimes extended to the entire leg.
In only 2 cases was it referred to the knee, thus differing
markedly from the well-known coxalgic knee-pain. Swelling
is only distinctly stated in 6 cases, though probably present
here as in other joints, but either unobserved or often unre-
corded in the brief statements I have often found. The variety
of the dislocation is not named in 10, but as in all the other 17
it was iliac, there is good reason to believe that this is probably
always the case. Shortening is recorded in 11 cases, and where
the amount is named was generally one and a-half to two
inches. In 5 cases the rotation was inward, in 2 outward, and
in 2 of the 3 double dislocations both legs were rotated in the
same direction, that is, right or left, thus producing a peculiar
deformity when compared with the apparently reversely rotated
body. The head of the bone in 4 cases was freely movable in all

directions. This mobility of the head and the singular diver-

8 THE TONER LECTURES.

sity in the rotation of the limb, are additional reasons in favor
of the distension theory of its pathology. Flexion and adduc-
tion, Dr. Sayre has shown to be the position of the limb which
produces the greatest capacity of the capsular ligament of the’
hip, and we ought to see this position, therefore, as a rule in
distension-luxations. But I only find two cases in which there
were adduction and flexion. In the other cases the position is
not stated, except in one in which the limb was extended.

As to treatment, reduction is generally easy when the lux-
ation is discovered early, but if the discovery or treatment be
tardy it is always difficult and often impossible. In 11 cases
reduction was successfully accomplished seven times by mani-
pulation, twice by extension, and twice by both means. In 8
cases reduction was not effected, and in 8 the result is not
stated. Only two cases of recurrence of the luxation are noted,
a rather surprising fact in view of the relaxation of the distended
tissues ; but its possibility should be borne in mind and guarded
against by the same prophylactic means that I will name
directly. No snap is heard on reduction, all tension and suction-
power of the joint being lost. Even after reduction the leg may
be somewhat longer than the other, owing, probably, to the
distension, to the swollen articular gland, and possibly in old
cases to interstitial changes in the neck of the femur.

The question of prophylaxis is perhaps the most important
of all, and the indications are clear. First, a careful watching
and repeated examination of the hip-joint, especially in children,
to detect any effusion. If any exist, the position of the leg
becomes of the greatest possible importance. As adduction and
internal rotation favor spontaneous dislocation, the leg should
be kept in abduction and external rotation. The first indication
is easily fulfilled by two lateral sandbags which may be bridged
across in front at intervals by a bandage, to keep the leg at rest
between them, or by lateral splints. The foot may be kept in
external rotation by bandages or adhesive plaster fastened to

SURGICAL COMPLICATIONS AND SEQUELS OF FEVERS. 9

the external sandbag or splint. If the effusion threaten to
produce dislocation, it may well be a question whether aspira-

tion would not afford a safe and efficient means of prophylaxis.

II. DISEASES OF THE BONES.

A popular name for necrosis is ‘ fever sore,” but, as Nathan
Smith long since pointed out, more because it caused fever than
because it was caused by fever. That it does follow fever and
is caused by it is certainly true, but it is not a very frequent
though a very important sequel. I have collected thus far 50
eases of necrosis proper following continued fevers, but among
these are 19 reported by one single author—Whately—the his-
tories of which are exceedingly brief and unsatisfactory. He
states, indeed, that he has seen 30 cases—an incredible state-
ment, I think, in view of the fact that from all other sources,
after an extended search, I can only gather 31 more. “ Fever’
with him, however, may include a very wide range. One
element of unavoidable uncertainty in the history is seen at
once. The osseus disease usually falls under the eye of the
surgeon at a period distinctly subsequent to the fever, and,
knowing nothing personally as to the previous medical history,
he must depend upon the statement of the patient—often a
most unreliable means of information.

' Two causes for such necroses and other forms of disease,
such as periostitis and caries, are to be found: first, thrombosis,
or in some cases possibly embolism; and secondly, absolute
inanition or want of nutrition.

The role assigned of late to the marrow together with the
spleen as a source of the red corpuscles, would seem to be

confirmed by the similarity of the changes observed by Ponfick!

' Ueber die sympathischen Krankh. des Knochenmarks bei inneren
Krankh. Virchow’s Archiv, lvi 534. Cf. also Anatom. Studien tiber
den Feb. Recurrens, Virch. Archiv, 1874, Ix. 153.

41

10 THE TONER LECTURES.

and others in the spleen and marrow in typhoid. In later
convalescence, or shortly after recovery, we find in the marrow
many mother-cells holding numerous blood cells, enormous
masses of large cells filled with pigment in complete analogy
with the observed metamorphoses of extravasated blood. These
are especially seen at the sides of the cavernous veins, and must
retard still further a circulation already impaired in force by a
weakened heart. Nutrition is here at its lowest ebb, and as
the vessels, from the nature of the tissue in which they run,
cannot enlarge in proportion to the needs of the circulation
and are themselves more or less involved in fatty degeneration,
we may readily understand how the lack of nutrition alone, as
in Dr. Porter’s case previously cited, would cause gangrene of
the bone even more readily than in the soft parts in which we
know it to be so common.

That the bones should suffer from vascular clots, and espe-
cially the bones of the lower extremities, where such clots are
most frequent, as we shall see, in gangrene, is probable both
from analogy and experiment, and from one case in which it
has been actually observed in typhoid.'| There is no reason to
suppose, when thrombosis is so frequent elsewhere, that the
bones would escape. Virchow has shown that in relapsing
fever we frequently have infarctus in the marrow. Volkmann’
gives an excellent case and illustration of necrosis of the tibia
and talus from embolism, the result of endocarditis. We need
a few similarly exact observations in cases of necrosis from
fever, in which death or amputation affords the desired oppor-
tunity to settle the question positively ; but generally the

examination, if made at all, is of the most superficial character.

' See Meusel’s Case, p. 15.

2 Pitha & Billroth’s Handbuch, Bd, ii., Abth. ii., Lief. i., p. 287, and
Langenbeck’s Archiv, 1864, v. 330. See also Mollitre, Lyon Méd., 1870,
pp. 12, 149, 256; 1871, p. 28.

SURGICAL COMPLICATIONS AND SEQUELS OF FEVERS. tet

Hartmann! has shown, experimentally, that obliteration of the
nutritious artery causes necrosis of the inner lamella of bone—
a strong point it must be admitted in favor of W hately’s theory
that after fever the result is not ordinary necrosis but a central
necrosis of the inner lamella which he limits to the tibia.
Blocking of the veins is evidently not so dangerous in bones
as blocking of the arteries, since the collateral venous circu-
lation especially towards the extremities is abundant, while the
collateral arterial circulation is scanty.

I have found 69 cases of diseases of bone following continued
fevers. Of these, 50 were cases of necrosis, 12 of caries, 3 of
periostitis, and 4 of indeterminate or doubtful nature. Three
cases of necrosis following typhoid and smallpox I have ex-
cluded. Typhoid, as usual, claims the larger share, for of 41
cases 37 followed typhoid and only 4 followed typhus. Males
also are in the preponderance, counting 38, to 14 females. Age
has not a very marked influence, as 19 were under 20 years, 11
from 20 to 30, 11 from 30 to 40, and 5 over 40. Scareely any
region of the body escapes; 22 cases involved the head, 7 the
trunk, 6 the upper extremities, and 42 the lower, a result
strikingly in accord with the cases of arthritis and gangrene.
In the head I have found 12 cases of necrosis of the alveoli and
jaws. Among these perhaps the most remarkable, although
somewhat doubtful, case is the one I saw in a soldier at
Frederick, Maryland, in 1862, in which, after typhoid fever
followed by pneumonia, the entire right upper jaw with a part
of the palate bone and the intermaxillary bone necrosed and
separated. The case is remarkable, both from its being a
striking example of the limitation of disease by the embryonic

development,’ and also from the extraordinary series of ope-

1 Nekrose herbeigefiihrt durch Verstopfung des Foram. nutrit. Virch.

Archiv, viii. 114. :
2 H. Allen, Studies in the Facial Region, Phila., 1875, has specially

called attention to this point.

12 THE TONER LECTURES.

rations subsequently done by Dr. Gurdon Buck, of New York,’
to remedy the frightful deformity which had been produced.
It is but proper to say that the man was reported to have
taken about 3ij of various mercurials during his preceding
illness; but from the facts I have stated, as well as his scanty
history, I think it tolerably clear that the fever and not the
mercury caused the necrosis. Mercury or syphilis complicated
two or three of the other cases I have tabulated, but they were
not, apparently at least, the cause of the trouble.

Mr, Salter? has pointed out the relation of alveolar necrosis
to the eruptive fevers, especially scarlet fever, and believes
that as these structures are dermal in character they partake
with the skin in the eruptive mischief. While this relation
remains undisturbed, yet I do not think the necrosis exists as
a specific sequel of these fevers only. Of the 12 cases cited, 7
occurred as follows: one at 16, one at 12, and five at 10 years
of age and under, that is, during the period of dental develop-
ment and growth. That such cases are more frequent in the
exanthemata is natural when we consider the relative infre-
quency of the continued fevers under 15 years of age.

The period at which these diseases of the bones arise varies
greatly. Of 47 cases 10 arose in the first two weeks, 27 in
from three to six weeks, and the remaining 10 followed often
months after the fever. The earlier cases include probably,
most of those from clots, and the later ones those arising from
enfeebled nutrition, whose effects especially in structures which
vary so slowly as the bones may readily extend over such long
periods.

Especially does this enfeebled nutrition show itself in case
where too early strain is put upon the parts and justifies the

remark of Aitken that ‘no man ean be considered fit for work
mete At ae ity hi el a lr ey ea ee
1 See Bibliog.
* Holmes’s Syst. Surgery, Ist ed., vol. iv. p. 50.

SURGICAL COMPLICATIONS AND SEQUELS OF FEVERS. 13

or for general military service for three or four months after an
attack of severe typhoid fever.” The following case illustrates
the wide-spread mischief that may follow in the osseous system
when put to the test by labor, months and even years after
such a fever.

H. W., a remarkably stout, healthy lad of 16, was attacked
Dec. 17, 1871, with typhoid. He was delirious for four weeks,
was in bed four months, and first got out of doors in May,
1872. Bedsores had formed, but they were kept in check by
incessant care. In the fall of 1872, not yet being strong, he
went to work at riveting in an iron works, which required him
to stand and use a ten pound hammer, the main strain being
naturally on the right arm and leg. His right arm soon began
to swell, and finally four fistulous sinuses formed. After the
removal or discharge of several pieces of bone, this arm
recovered in about a year. Returning then to the same
work, his health being still impaired, his right thigh began
to trouble him, broke out, and healed several times, dis-
charging several pieces of bone. He came under my care in
July, 1875. He had then a scar and five open sinuses in the
thigh, all leading in the direction of the bone, and in one, just
above the knee, a fragment of dead bone an inch long was
found. This sinus and a second just below the patella, an off-
shoot from it, threatened to invade the knee-joint. Meanwhile,
in the fall of 1874, not having done any work on account of
his right leg, the left thigh broke out, and a sinus in the direc-
tion of the bone was established, but no dead bone was ever
actually found here. In January, 1875, an abscess also
appeared in the left arm, and after the discharge of some bone
finally healed. I enlarged all the existing sinuses in the right
thigh, removed the dead bone, and after treating the case care-
fully for four months all the sinuses healed. A new one,
however, has appeared of late in the right thigh, but no dead

14 THE TONER LECTURES.

bone is, as yet, to be found.’ His health markedly improved
early in 1875, and since my operation he has grown to be
exceedingly robust and hearty again. His right knee, which
was stiff from the sinuses among the muscles of the thigh and
near the knee-joint, is now as mobile as ever, and he is at work
with ease. The abscesses in the two arms were at or near the
deltoid insertion, in the right leg, the earliest was just below
the insertion of the gluteus maximus, and in the left near the
lesser trochanter, all points at which muscular strain in stand-
ing and hammering would come.

The symptoms need scarcely be alluded to, for they are
those of ordinary necrosis, although Whately endeavors to
differentiate them. In 13 cases of necrosis of the long bones
other than Whately’s, in which the description enables me to
judge, I find only 3 distinct cases of central necrosis,’ and
these differ in no especial manner from other cases. That it is
limited to the tibia, as asserted by Whately, is disproved by
the fact that of seventy-seven bones affected, the tibia was
attacked only thirty times, including in these the 19 reported
by Whately.

1 In Feb. 1876, it healed, broke out again in July, and did not heal
until December, after a counter opening had been made. Since then he
has been well (March, 1877).

2 The third of these cases I have had in private practice while the
MS. is passing through the press. A. W., a rather feeble girl, et. 11,
was taken sick with typhoid May 10,1876. After three to four weeks
in bed she began to walk, but soon had to stop on account of weak-
ness, and especially of pain in her left tibia. After three weeks’
poulticing it broke in two places, and has discharged ever since. I saw
her first in December, 1876, and found two small sinuses which extended
into the bone, but no dead bone had ever been discharged. After build-
ing up her general health by tonics and cod-liver oil, on February 17,
1877, I operated on the bone, using Esmarch’s apparatus in the manner
I have suggested (Phila. Med. Times, Sept. 26, 1874), and after making
an opening into the medullary canal with the chisel and gouge, I removed
a small, loose spicula of necrosed bone (central necrosis) seven-eighths of
an inch long. At this date, March 5, 1877, she is doing well.

SURGICAL COMPLICATIONS AND SEQUELS OF FEVERS, 15

The results of necrosis vary with the situation. The ordi-
nary sinuses etc., I need not mention further. If in the
sacrum, coccyx, or innominate bone, perineal fistule may
result, of which I have found 38 cases. If in the mastoid or
petrous bone, the brain and its membranes may be involved.
The following resumé of the case of Meusel is of especial
interest, as it throws so much light on the cause of the necrosis,
the clot in the meningea magna, and is as extraordinary for

the audacity of the treatment as for the success of the result.

Bigs:

Necrosis of Frontal (A), Parietal (B), and greater wing of Sphenoid (C) bones,
following typhoid. In B and C the middle meningeal artery and its branches
are seen. Natural size. Meusel, Deutsche Klinik, 1872, p. 266.

A student in the gymnasium, et. 19, at Easter in 1868, had
an attack of typhoid fever, went home when convalescent, but
did not improve, and suffered much from headache. In

. August, four months after the fever, he had a large fluctuating

abscess over the right parietal region, which was opened, and

16 THE TONER LECTURES.

dead bone found. By Oct. 1, the bone was loose, and on the
Sth, an incision of three inches was made and a loose piece of
the frontal was removed. The rest of the dead bone was firm,
but the incision was extended backwards till the whole of the
necrosed portion was exposed. It was then carefully chiselled
loose and separated at the squamous suture. At the anterior
inferior angle the necrosis was there found to extend on the
internal surface only ; with a fine chisel this internal lamella, a
piece 1} x2 c¢. m., was chiselled away from the great wing of
the sphenoid. In it was a groove in which lay the anterior
branch of the middle meningeal, filled with the detritus of a
clot. The whole piece was 54x9¢c.m. The dura mater was
but slightly injected. The scalp and the dura mater united and
in fourteen days he was nearly well, having recommenced his
Latin and Greek with the greatest zest eight days after the
operation. Two small pieces of loose bone afterwards caused
threatening symptoms, but improvement followed immediately
upon their discharge. In March he was entirely well, and
went to Gottingen to study philology at the University. Epi-
leptiform attacks followed during 1869, but then disappeared,
and had not reappeared in 1872.

As to treatment, the ordinary operation for the removal of
necrosed bone is to be done at the proper time, especial care
being taken to remove any small central sequestrum. Occa-
sionally the disease of the bone may cause extensive disease
in the soft parts, or may extend to a neighboring joint, though
either complication is rare. Amputation then becomes impera-
tive. Only four such amputations occurred in the cases
reported ; two died, one recovered, and one was under treat-
ment. About the face not infrequently extensive plastic ope-

rations are required.

SURGICAL COMPLICATIONS AND SEQUELS OF FEVERS. 17

III. DISEASES OF THE LARYNX.

The laryngeal complications are noted very briefly by several
medical writers, such as Murchison, Flint, Liebermeister, Grie-
singer, etc., but it is mainly the laryngeal ulcers themselves
which are treated of, their surgical results being scarcely men-
tioned. Gross and Gray barely allude to typhoid as a cause of
edema glottidis. Hyven systematic writers on the larynx
scarcely notice them. Gibb and Ruble refer to two or three
cases. Cohen simply names fever. Tiirck gives, however,
eight valuable cases. I have collected 169 cases, of which at
least 67 (and probably many more) certainly involved the car-
tilages themselves.

The troubles which may demand surgical interference are all
allied, and are the result of a low grade of inflammation. The
entire respiratory mucous membrane (as is shown by the fre-
quency of bronchitis) is in a more or less catarrhal condition
like that of the bowels, and occasionally other mucous mem-
branes such as those of the gall-bladder, urinary bladder, and
vagina, It is not, therefore, a matter of surprise, that serious
trouble should arise in the larynx, especially as slight varia-
tions in its mechanical condition gravely embarrass so vital a
function as respiration.

Pathologically the troubles may be grouped into three varie-
ties, viz., 1. @idematous laryngitis. 2. Ulcerative laryngitis.
3. Laryngeal perichondritis. Practically it is often exceed-
ingly difficult to separate these various forms even at the post-
mortem, so far do they overlap each other. Cidema may exist
alone or it may result from either of the others; ulceration
may march steadily deeper until the cartilages are involved ; or
the perichondritis may produce an abscess which will burst,
and so form an ulcer. How much more difficult, nay often
impossible, then is it, to diagnosticate precisely the form of
the disease, when, happily, the patient recovers. Dyspnaa,

2

Tene THE TONER LECTURES.

suffocation—this is the one great overshadowing clinical fact
which groups them all together whatever the form of the dis-
ease, or of the preceding fever.

That simple asthenic edema may arise just as oedema of the
lower extremities is not only probable, but has been positively
observed by Emmet and Buck. It has also been observed after
diarrhoea, bronchitis, and other diseases. But this is a much
rarer form than those cases in which it is secondary to erysipe-
las, of parotitis, or laryngeal ulcers, often of small extent. I
cannot help suspecting also very strongly that more careful
future examinations will show in not a few cases that local
vendus thrombosis has been the cause of the oedema.

The other two forms especially merge into each other. |
Rokitansky believes that the ulcers are a peculiar form of
typhus, the so-called laryngo-typhus. Others, and I certainly
agree with them, do not believe that they are specific in their
origin, but belong “to the common cortege of septic diseases”
and other allied disorders in which the low grade of inflam-
mation readily runs into ulceration, and even into local gan-
grene. How much influence local stasis of the blood or even
clots in the vessels may have, has not been carefully investi-
gated, but I believe them to be no unimportant factors.

These ulcers are sometimes very common. Thus Griesinger
met with them in 31 out of 118 autopsies, Hoffmann in 28 out
of 250, and Louis believes that ‘if found on the body of one
who has died of an actte disease, they will establish with
nearly perfect certainty and without going any further, that
the affection is typhoid fever.” At other times they are so
rare that in nearly 13,000 typhus cases at the London Fever
Hospital, Murchison records but 21 of laryngitis, of whom 8
died; and in typhoid he has only seen 8 or 4 cases.

Where the cartilages are involved, Moritz-Haller, and others,
believe that it follows the ulceration which detroys the mucous

membrane and eats down to the cartilages, while Sestier has

SURGICAL COMPLICATIONS AND SEQUELS OF FEVERS. is

gone so far as to declare that the ulcers which accompany
perichondritis are not primary but in all cases secondary.
Both I believe are right, but both go too far. So far as the
history and post-mortem appearances would enable me to judge,
I have found in 20 cases that the perichondritis preceded the
ulcers and caused them, while in 10 cases the ulceration had
caused the perichondritis. In cases of perichondritis in which
death takes place early, there is no opening in the mucous
membrane, but a submucous abscess will be found surrounding
the necrosed cartilage. If death takes place at a later date a
small opening will exist, through which the probe will enter
into a much larger cavity. In other cases the surface mischief
will be by far the most widely spread, the ulcers being roughly
conical, involving not only the mucous membrane, but eating
deeply down to the cartilages. Similar necrosis of the nasal
cartilages also sometimes results from fever.

Those cases in which there is considerable cough, or the
patient in his delirium has cried aloud, or sung much, or those
in which, after distinct convalescence, there has been exposure
to wet and cold, are predisposed to laryngeal troubles. They
are exceedingly rare in children. In 94 cases in which the age
is recorded, I have found but 6 under 15 years of age, 60 from
15 to 25, and 28 above 25 years. Sex is potent here as in the
other diseases considered. Lisfrane thought them more com-

‘mon in women than in men, but of 110 cases, I find 86 in men
and only 24 in women, or 34 to 1.

The cause of the stenosis is various. It may be, Ist, from
edema; 2d, the swelling produced by the abscess about the
cartilage; 3d, the sides of the glottis may fall together if
the cricoid be destroyed and in pieces; 4th, the permanent
approximation of one, or more rarely of both vocal chords
from destruction of the fixed points of origin of the muscles ;

5th, as in two remarkable cases given by Hoffmann,' shreds of

1 Op. cit., pp. 253 and 255.

20 THE TONER LECTURES.

sloughing tissue on which blood coagulates, may form a sort
of polyp which suffocates the patient even in spite of trache-
otomy.

. Fig. 2.

Laryngeal Ulcer after Typhoid. Polypoid Hematoma hanging from it and
causing death by suffocation after Tracheotomy. a, upper end of incision. The
smaller cut, 0, is a section of the Hematoma showing its two layers; the centre
consisting of shreds of dead tissue hanging from the ulcer, and the outer layer of

‘clotted blood. Hoffmann, Verind der Organ. beim Abdom. Typhus, Taf. v. Fig. 16.

The seat of the stenosis is threefold. Most frequently (25
eases) it is supra-glottic, that is,in the epiglottis and ary-epi-
glottidean folds, especially where the cedema is primary, or
where it is caused by ulceration, or arytenoid perichondritis.
The next most frequent site is subglottic, 2. e., about the ericoid’
(22 cases). This is always, I believe, the result of cricoid
necrosis or perichondritis. Russell reports 2 cases following
typhus, which he regards as examples of Gibb’s “ subglottic
edema.” That the second was a case of ulceration and peri-
chondritis, is quite certain from the history, and most likely
the other was too. The larynx was normal down to the chords,
tracheotomy rescued both when suffocation was imminent, and
both were followed by stricture, requiring the permanent use

of the canula. The least frequent site of the cedema is in the

SURGICAL COMPLICATIONS AND SEQUELS OF FEVERS. 21

glottis proper, since cedema of the vocal chords is named but
nine times.

The date of the development is generally here too, in the
later fever, or more frequently in distinct convalescence. Of
102 cases only 4 occurred in the first week, 13 in the second,
19 in the third, and 66 from four weeks to two months. They
follow typhoid far more frequently than typhus, in the propor-
tion of 106 to 49, some of the latter being probably really
typhoid, while 14 arose from other forms of continued fever.

The position of the ulcers in the larynx is noteworthy.
Wherever they may be, from the arytenoid to the cricoid, they
are almost invariably posterior. Rheinert has shown that the
posterior wall of the larynx is the richest in vessels, and that
ossification begins here often as early as the twentieth year.
Here, then, we should expect the most frequent inflammations
aud thrombosis of the smaller vessels; and when we add to
this the effect of gravity, from the continuous dorsal position,
and the mechanical effects of frequent use of the voice, and,
therefore, repeated movement of the arytenoid cartilages in
some delirious cases, we have a sufficient explanation of the
phenomenon. Emphysema of the neck and trunk is an occa-
sional result of such ulcers where they penetrate the mucous
membrane. This was first pointed out by Wilks. Other cases
are reported by Steiner and Loeschner. All three were children.

Necrosis of the cartilages is the most important form to
recognize, in consequence of its excessive gravity; for, of 56
cases in which the result is given, 54 died. One recovered
after tracheotomy,’ and one without it.2 We can scarcely agree
with Tiirck, therefore, that the prognosis is “doubtful.” The

seat of the necrosis in the majority of the cases is the cricoid

' Breittige zur Histologie des Kehlkopfs; Wiirzburg, 1852.

2 Tiirck, p. 223.

® Hérard, l'Union Méd., July 14, 1859, quoted by Trousseau, Clin.
Med., Syd. Soc. Trans., 2d cd., vol. ii. p. 407.

22 THE TONER LECTURES.

(38 times), next the arytenoids (19 times), while the other car-
tilages were affected but 5 times. In 10 of the cases, the

cricoid and arytenoid were involved simultaneously.

Fig. 3.

Perichondritis laryngea following typhoid. Ulcers on the posterior wall of the
Jarynx. Ata,a piece of the necrosed left arytenoid cartilage shows. Tiirck,
Krankh. des Kehlkopfes, p. 216, fig. 78.

It is to be specially observed that probably a number of the
cases which recovered were also really cases of perichondritis,
of which the postive evidence was wanting. Thus, in 8 cases
in which recovery followed tracheotomy, the patients spat up
gangrenous or purulent matter, besides having other symptoms
of cricoid necrosis; but as the expectoration of any pieces of
necrosed cartilage was not positively observed, I have not
included them in my statistics of necrosis. Were they in-
cluded, the result, and especially the result after tracheotomy,
would be far more favorable.

Whatever the origin of the necrosis, the cartilage is soon
destroyed, either by molecular disintegration or is even broken
in pieces. Sometimes it undergoes ossification; at others,

SURGICAL COMPLICATIONS AND SEQUELS OF FEVERS. 23

caseous degeneration. The articulations of the cartilages are
also often destroyed, especially those of the cricoid, with the
arytenoid or with the thyroid; and thus again voice is impaired.
The function of the muscles, especially those which open the
glottis, is impaired or destroyed, from direct implication of the
muscles or from destruction of their cartilaginous attachments,

Fig. 4.

Perichondritis laryngea following typhoid ; abscess opened from cesophagus and
seen from behind. a, b, necrosed and partly destroyed cricoid cartilage; between
a and b the dark spot indicates the point where the abscess communicated with
the trachea; it did not communicate with the wsophagus; c, crico-aryten. post.
muscle. Tiirck, Krankh. des Kehlkopfes, p. 218, fig. 80.

or of the articulation; and thus the vocal chord of that side is
immobilized, and altered voice and stenosis of the larynx follow.
If an abscess form about the cricoid, it may not only burst into

24 THE TONER LECTURES.

~

the larynx but also into the pharynx, and a fistulous opening

be established by which food may enter the larynx and trachea.

Fig. 5.

Perichondritis after Typhoid. Opposite a the edematous ary-epiglottidean
folds are seen. Below the vocal chords the larynx was narrowed by thickening
of the connective tissue. Opposite b a movable piece of the destroyed and
broken cricoid, which has perforated the esophagus, is seen.—Ruhle, Kehlkopf-
Krankh., p.178 & Pl. L., Fig. 2,

This, Dittrich thinks, is the most frequent point of opening ;
but I have only found it recorded in six instances, though such
an abscess would have burst here in several other cases had
life been prolonged. An additional complication may follow,
also in the pharynx. The cricoid presses upon its posterior
wall, both from swelling and from gravity, and this pressure,
together with the foul purulent discharge, may cause an ulcer;
or, as in a ease recorded by Armstrong, a retro-pharyngeal
abscess. Hoffinann' records another case of retro-pharyngeal
abscess extending from the base of the skull to the diaphragm,
laying bare the left subclavian artery. This, however, did not
result from a laryngeal.necrosis.

The earliest symptom of grave laryngeal disease is usually

1 Op. cit., p. 388.

SURGICAL COMPLICATIONS AND SEQUELS OF FEVERS. 25

an altered voice. I have only found it distinctly stated as
unaltered in three cases. Generally it is hoarse, sometimes
higher, but usually lower in tone, probably from involvement
of the crico-thyroid muscle. Sometimes complete aphonia sets
in. Stokes’ has supposed the hoarseness and deafness both to
be due to the muscular degeneration,:to which I shall allude
hereafter; but it is more likely to be due here, at least, to
«edema and inflammatory swelling, and, at a later period, to
the mechanical destruction of the parts involved.

Soon after this hoarseness is observed, the dyspnoea sets in.
This is paroxysmal, the attacks being generally at night.
With each succeeding attack the severity increases, until life
is destroyed; but even the very first attack may be unexpected,
sudden, and fatal. Especially does this seem to be the case in
typhus, and in supra-glottic cedema. Emmet and others have
recorded a number of cases, in which, even without the least
previous dyspnoea, on simply assuming the erect posture sud-
den suffocation came on, and life was only saved by instanta-
neous laryngotomy. The delay of “a few minutes” caused
death in one case which otherwise would probably have re-
covered. Most frequently the dyspnea is inspiratory, but I
cannot find that this is of any decided diagnostic value.

The expectoration, curiously enough, aids us but little; in
but few cases did it attract sufficient attention even to be
named; but if it be purulent or gangrenous, it should arouse
instant attention. Pain and tenderness, though often masked
by the mental condition, are generally present, especially in
perichondritis. As we have the resisting vertebral column
behind the cricoid, I would strongly urge that both by direct
and lateral pressure on the cricoid, and also by sliding it side-_
wise, we may often elicit pain which might otherwise be over-

looked. Lateral pressure will also often produce dyspneea, or

1 On Fevers, Phila., 1876, p. 105.
42

26 THE TONER LECTURES.

aggravate it, especially if the cricoid be broken, or nearly
broken in two. Dysphagia is noted as present twenty-one times
and absent five times, and is especially present in crico'd and
arytenoid necrosis. Rarely is there any external swelling to
attract attention, for I have only found it noted thrice. Nor
can the pharynx be relied upon to warn us of impending evil,
for in 16 cases in which its condition was observed, it was
normal in 10 and inflamed in only 6.

Most of the cases occurred before the days of the laryngo- —
scope, so that I have only thirteen such examinations from
which to draw any inferences, seven of which are recorded by
Tiirck. In several instances there was nothing whatever ab-
normal down to the vocal chords; and the swelling of a
cricoid abscess on the posterior wall is not visible. But the
usual facts observed, were the fixation of at least one chord in
the middle line, diminished mobility of the other, swelling of
the ary-epiglottidean folds, stenosis of the larynx increased by
lateral pressure, a depression of the mucous membrane in case
of destruction of the arytenoid, and sometimes the opening of
an abscess, usually near tle processus vocalis. A few such
positive facts with any additional positive symptoms should
lead to an equally positive treatment.

And first the mortality is so great that the treatment is
of the greatest possible moment. Of 146 cases of all kinds
o1 stenosis in which ¢the result is recorded, 101 died and
45 recovered, a mortality of over 69 per cent., but not a
surprising result when we add the laryngeal disease to the
exhausting fever. But when we separate the cases operated
apon from those in which no operation is named, or was
certainly not done, the importance of the treatment becomes
even more appreciable. Of the 76 cases not operated on, in
which the result is stated (and, be it observed, I have included
in these the cases of mere scarification), 17 recovered and 59
died, a mortality of over 77 per cent. Of the 70 cases operated

SURGICAL COMPLICATIONS AND SEQUELS OF FEVERS. 27

on by some form of bronchotomy, 28 recovered and 42 died, a
mortality of 60 per cent. And when it is remembered that in
two of the fatal cases the larynx was not opened, though
tracheotomy was apparently performed; and a third, in full
recovery thirteen days after the operation, on the removal of
the canula, was suddenly suffocated before it eculd be replaced ;
and in another, the canula got displaced in front of the tra-
chea; that in many, if not in most of the cases, the operation
was deferred till the last possible—that is the most unfavor-
able—moment ; that many cases that might have been rescued
were plainly allowed to die from exhaustion, or even from
positive suffocation, by timid doctors, in which the result could
not have been worse had an operation been performed, the
question of operation would seem to be decided.

Yet I would not be understood as an advocate of rash and
indiscriminate bronchotomy. Its dangers are great, and not
to be undervalued. The question, however, is often between a
dangerous operation and a more dangerous refusal. In case
the attack is sudden and severe, so that life is in immediate
and positive peril, no question can arise as to the propriety of
an operation, wanting which, the patient perishes on the spot,
nor any question that crico-thyroid laryngotomy is the easiest,
safest, speediest operation. Delay here means death. Of 14
such operations, 8, or 57 per cent., recovered, and in such cases
as are recorded by Emmet and Anderson, no words can add
force to the fact, that after life was apparently extinct, laryn-
gotomy and artificial respiration saved 5, the delay of a few
minutes resulting fatally in the 6th case. A cut throat here is
not over-dangerous, and the operation is so simple, and may
be so imperative that every medical man, as well as surgeon,
should stand ready to do it in case of impending death.

Bat it is in the less suddenly threatening cases that judg-
ments may differ, and here I hope to be able to assist in form-

ing a decision. The moment, in a case of typhus or typhoid,

28 THE TONER LECTURES.

that hoarseness, aphonia, dyspnoea, or dysphagia sets in, the
larynx should be examined with the utmost vigilance both
from without and by the laryngoscope. If cedema or ulcera-
tion be found, but the danger be not as yet severe, leeches,
iodine, ice in rubber bags, or possibly a blister may be used
externally, and astringents, nitrate of silver, etc., internally,
together with proper general treatment. In 1819, Lisfrane
proposed searification and operated succesfully in six non-febrile
cases, and in 1847, Buck revived the practice and devised an
appropriate knife. The laryngoscope has made such treatment
far more certain, and it should first be tried in suitable cases.

But, should these means fail? Then an early rather than a
late tracheotomy, for otherwise we add to the previous enfee-
bling disease a prolonged battle for breath, with its ensuing
pulmonary congestion and general exhaustion. Especially is
this to be commended in the peculiarly fatal necrosis of the
cartilages. Of 67 positive cases, 41 of which occurred in men
and only 10 in women, all died but 2, one with and one with-
out an operation; 22 were operated on, 45 were not. But as
before mentioned, 2 died from displacement of the canula, at
least one of which had practically recovered ; 8 cases of recovery
after tracheotomy are not included, since, though the presump-
tion in favor of necrosis is very strong, yet the evidence is not
positive. Were only these 8 included, and it is certainly fair
to do so, it would stand 30 operations and 10 recoveries, a
mortality of 67 per cent., and 45 not operated and | recovery,
a mortality of nearly 98 per cent.

Once, then, that perichondritis is established, death is almost
unavoidable if no operation be done. If bronchotomy be re-
sorted to, the chances are greatly improved. Indeed, it is pro-
bable that if the dangers which surround such cases be recog-
nized in the future and a prompt attempt at relief be made, far
more favorable results will be obtained. I would, therefore,

join with Sestier in urging an immediate operation the moment

i tt a i lc a ce a aa i aera, ec i iia ee as seems cemeteries ac iia ee ae ee ae P ten fi re ew

SURGICAL COMPLICATIONS AND SEQUELS OF FEVERS. 29

that perichondritis is recognized and serious dyspneea sets in,
without waiting for repeated attacks to exhaust the slight store
of strength, all of which will be needed during the subsequent
separation of the necrosed cartilage, and the sloughing of the
soft parts.

In other cases than those of perichondritis such haste will
not be necessary: yet if the respiratory murmur be progres-
sively enfeebled ; if pulmonary congestion set in; if the parox-
ysms of dyspnoea increase in frequency and severity, especially
if orthopnoea arise; if the local disease be extensive or rapidly
increasing ; or if the general feebleness be so great that a little
further interference with the respiration will destroy life; then
no time is to be lost. Doubt is certain death.

What operation shall be performed? If an instant operation
be needful, cricothyroid laryngotomy is the best; if time allow,
tracheotomy. But if the cricoid be involved, with Beck, I
would advise laryngo-tracheotomy, 7. e., tracheotomy prolonged
through the cricoid; since it would allow readier access to the
seat of the disease for the discharge of pus, the removal of any
loose piece of cartilage, and the treatment of any ulcers or
granulations. These I regard as greater advantages than the
danger of possible collapse of the lateral halves of the cricoid,
which is prevented in part by the canula, and would not impede
the respiration even if it occurred. Unless necessary, it is
best not to operate during a paroxysm; since the mechanical
difficulties of the operation are then largely increased, and the
danger of entrance of air into the veins is apparently much
greater. In 36 operations for laryngeal angina, two such
accidents occurred; whereas, in 245 non-anginose cases, not a
single similar accident arose (Sestier).

Hemorrhage, as would be supposed from the condition of
the blood, is sometimes a serious complication, both at the
operation and subsequently, and caused death in three cases.

A curious and unexpected complication arose in two cases

30 THE TONER LECTURES.

reported by Mohr' and Laennec,’ the knowledge of which
should guard us against a similar error. The operation having
been apparently achieved and the canula inserted, respiration
was not bettered nor did air pass through the canula. In a
few minutes the patients died suffocated. At the post-mortem
it was found that the canula had entered, not the larynx, but
the abscess around the cricoid. In Mohr’s case the vertebrae
were felt through the incision, and a probe and the canula
moved freely about in what was naturally believed to be the
trachea but proved to be the abscess cavity.*

In three cases' of cedema the canula was removed in six, eight,
and nine days respectively. But after such serious loss of
substance and extensive organic mischief as are involved in
the cases of perichondritis, it is not a matter of wonder that
the stenosis of the larynx is generally permanent. In 17 eases
of probable or actual perichondritis, the canula was removed
in one case after seven months, but in the other 16 cases, when
last seen, the patients were still wearing them. Once, after
seven years’ use, a piece of the canula wore away, broke off,
and fell into the trachea, whence it was successfully removed
by Albers. Busch, Russell, and others have attempted to
dilate the stricture, both from above and below, but without

any success.‘

' Casper’s Wochenschr., 1842, p. 192. Also in Dittrich, Prag. Vier-
teljahr., 1850, iii. p. 129.

2 Bayle, Nouveau Journ., t. iv. p. 37.

3 Green, Brit. Med. Journ., Dec. 17, 1870, p. 649, and Marsh, St. Barth.
Hosp. Reports, iii. 368, report cases (not following fevers, however) in
which the tube was inserted in the cellular tissne in front of the trachea.

* By the courtesy of Drs. Otis and Woodward, of the Army Medical
‘Luseum, the casts and specimens of Dr. Buck’s ease, p. 18, and of
several cases of laryngeal stenosis, were shown.

SURGICAL COMPLICATIONS AND SEQUELS OF FEVERS. on

IV. GANGRENE.

The cases of gangrene may be divided into two classes: A,
those from pressure; and B, cases of spontaneous gangrene.

A. Those from pressure, or the ordinary bedsores, are not
peculiar ‘to the continued fevers, as is well known, but arise
from any prolonged debilitating disease or accident. They are
more common, therefore, in typhoid fever than in typhus, on
account of its greater duration. But they not infrequently
follow typhus, if it be prolonged by any complication, The only
points in addition to the greater danger of pyzmia, to which I
desire to call attention, are as follows :—

First, as pointed out by Nélaton,' Blandin,’ and others, if
they penetrate deeply they may destroy the ligaments uniting
the sacrum and coccyx, and so penetrate into the spinal canal
and set up meningitis, ete. This complication, I believe, arises
much more frequently from bed-sores, whatever their cause,
than is generally known. Recently I have had two instances :
one arising from a bedsore following confinement, the specimen
which I show you, and which I owe to the courtesy of Dr.
Schell, my colleague et St. Mary’s Hospital; and the other
in a boy who injured his knee and died some weeks after
from tetanus induced probably by this complication. I have
found 6 cases of tetanus recorded; 4 following typhoid and
2 typhus. Four of them were females. In one it was clearly
caused by a bedsore* Four of them died, but the two women
who recovered had had menstrual irregularities, which proba-

bly caused the alleged tetanus.‘

' Path. Chir., Paris, 1844, i. 256-7.

2 Anat. Top., 2me ed. p. 437. See also Charcot, Mal. du Syst. Nerveux,
2me ed., i. 89-90.

8 Maclagan’s.

4 De Lauriere (see Bibl.) reports also a case of hydrophobia, which
beeame ataxic, following a quotidian fever. He had been bitten by a

32 THE TONER LECTURES.

Secondly, large bedsores, as in two cases reported by Chenu
in the Crimea,’ may greatly hinder free motion of the legs and
trunk by the extensive cicatrices.

Thirdly, the treatment first proposed, I believe, by Brown-
Séquard, of ice poultices for fifteen minutes, followed by hot
flaxseed poultices for two to three hours, often stimulates the
most indolent bedsores to heal with surprising rapidity. During
and since the civil war I have repeatedly and successfully tried
this plan of treatment.

Sometimes gangrene results from the slighest pressure, as in
a case reported by Stokes,’ in which there were thirty such
spots; two or three new ones appearing every morning, at
points of such trifling pressure, as where the mamme leaned
on the arm, or one leg on another, and a black hand appearing
where the face had rested on the hand. Strange to say, the
woman recovered after a month’s abdominal decubitus. For
such eases Liebermeister recommends an almost continuous
and complete bath, the body resting and reclining on sponges.

B. But the cases of so-called spontaneous gangrene, though
less frequent, are of far greater interest from a surgical point
of view. They vary greatly in frequency. Thus, neither
Flint nor Trousseau ever saw a case; Nélaton does not name
fever as a cause of gangrene; Murchison, though he has seen a
few, does not cite a single English post-mortem. Yet Estlan-
der reports 34 cases, and I have collected in all 113 cases.
The frequency varies in proportion to the severity of the case
and of the epidemic, and especially to the preceding conditions
as ‘to bodily nourishment, mental depression, and general mode
of life. In former wars especially, from the time of Thucydides

to that of Napoleon, fierce epidemics, especially of typhus, have

healthy dog three months before. R. Reid (Pathol. and Treat. of
Fever, Trans. Queen’s Coll. Phys. Ireland, iii. 41) alludes to the simi-
larity of hydrophobia and the excitable stage of fever.

1 Rapport, pp. 520, 524. 2 On Fever, Phila., 1876, p. 210.

SURGICAL COMPLICATIONS AND SEQUELS OF FEVERS. aa

decimated armies and often displayed a most frightful tendency
to gangrene. But of late, whether in civil or military practice,
if we may judge from the scanty gleanings I have been able to
obtain from the journals and the experience in our own civil
war as well as in the late European wars, the condition of the
sick has been so ameliorated that gangrene is happily a rare
complication.

The history of the extraordinary series of cases reported by
Estlander, well illustrates these predisposing causes. In Fin-
land, a financial crisis and a series of bad harvests from 1862,
were followed in 1865-7 by sporadic cases of fever, mainly
typhoid; but from the thrifty habits of the people and govern-
mental support, the epidemic was at first neither severe nor
extensive. Then came the cold and rainy summer of 1867,
followed by a very bad harvest. That winter, typhus raged in
almost every household, so that often the well were not numer-
ous enough to nurse the sick. The death-rate rose from 2.74
per cent. to 7.69 per cent. Instead of an annual increase in
the population of over 15,000, it decreased, in 1868, nearly
94,000; and this in a population of less than 2,000,000. Of
105 doctors, 30 sickened and 8 died. Up to 1868 not a case
of gangrene occurred, but in the first seven months of that
year 28 cases occurred. Then came the bountiful harvest of
1868, and by August the epidemic had almost disappeared.
Yet the lingering effects of the previous want were seen in six
later cases of gangrene. But such an experience is altogether
exceptional. From other writers I have rarely obtained more
than two or three cases.

Kstlander’s 34 cases were all, except one, from typhus; but
of the remaining 79 cases, 43 followed typhoid, 22 typhus.
The influence of age is not very marked, as is seen in the fact
that of 67 cases, 8 occurred before 15, 27 from 15 to 25, and
32 after 25 years of age. But sex, as usual, has a marked

3

34 THE TONER LECTURES.

determining influence. Of 81 cases, 56 were males and 25
females. This is the more curious when we consider that the
number of deaths in men, and therefore presumably of cases,
does not hold at all the same relation. In 1868, in Finland,
31,000 males and 28,000 females died; yet of 31 cases of
gangrene of the legs, 25 were males, and only 6 females. The
site of the gangrene is very suggestive also. In 5 cases it was
in the ears, 10 in the nose, 27 in the face, neck, and trunk, 5 in
the arms, 7 in the genitals, and 72 in the legs; that is, of 126
localities, in 77 it was in the extremities, and in 22 more, in
other peripheral districts of the vascular system (ears, nose,
genitals).

As far as the pathology of the cases is concerned, they may
be divided into two classes: 1, those with a discoverable clot ;
and 2, those without such a clot. Murchison believes that all
cases of spontaneous gangrene arise from arterial thrombosis,
but the careful post-mortem examinations of Estlander and
others show, that at least in the larger visible vessels, sometimes
no such thrombus exists.

1. Those with clot. The cause of such clots, as Humphrey'
and others have shown, is not the condition of the bloodvessels.
But seldom have I found it stated, that the arterial walls were
diseased ; and when they were, it was presumably a secondary
process, the result, and not the cause of the clot. Few, if
any, pathologists will now attribute such results, with Bour-
geois, to a metastasis, especially when arising in convalescence,
as these so frequently do. Gigon has attributed them to chemi-
cal alterations in the blood, which give it an irritative character,
and this, with friction at points of curvature, produces inflam-
mation and coagulation. If so, a fair proportion of cases
should be seen in the upper extremities, where the same irri-
tating blood circulates and similar curves exist. How rare

this is, we have already seen.

1 Brit. Med. Journ., 1859, p. 582.

SURGICAL COMPLICATIONS AND SEQUELS OF FEVERS. BS

Although the precise factors in determining the thrombosis
in any individual case may be somewhat doubtful, as also why
it is frequent in one epidemic and rare in another, apparently
frequent in Germany and rare in Britain, and especially in the
United States, yet three causes clearly exist which may vary
inter se in producing the result: 1, the altered blood; 2, the
weakened heart; and 3, the mechanical difficulties in carrying
on the circulation, especially in distant parts.

That the blood is profoundly altered, and probably has an
increased coagulability, is conceded. In some cases even air is
found in the veins, as noted by Crisp' and Lebert.? That every
such change, besides its depressing effect upon the nutrition,
and therefore upon the vitality of the tissues themselves, would
interfere more or less with its circulation, and consequently
predispose to thrombosis, is most probable. But when we
look at the seat of the cases of gangrene of both varieties
which are under consideration, I think the conclusion is
inevitable, that the last two causes are the more immediately
determining factors.

The heart, as Stokes showed, is softened in its texture, and
therefore weak. Hayem (see bibliog.) has shown that myo-
carditis is extremely frequent, and not rarely involves the
endocardium. From the sixth to the fourteenth day is its
weakest period, and not only is the general force of the cireu-
lation diminished at this time, but all the blood not being
squeezed out of its cavity, clots may form in the heart, and
then, or at a later period, when the heart regains somewhat of
its force, be washed into the circulation and lodge as emboli.
Such seems to have been the origin of the clot in a remarkable

case related by Patry.* A decolorized adherent embolus was

! Dis. Bloodvessels, p. 18.

2 Prag. Vierteljahr. 1858, i. 33. Moorehead, Trans. Med. and Phys.
Soc., Bombay, 1843, p. 68, also reports a case.

3 Archiy. Gén., 1863, i, 144. ‘

36 THE TONER LECTURES.

found high up in the left external carotid, on which a secon-
dary thrombus had formed nearly down to the bifurcation of
the primitive carotid. Pain appeared from the jaw to the
temple on the twentieth day of typhoid, two days later the
ear was cold and violet, the artery pulseless, and the gangrene
rapidly extended to the entire left side of the head and face,
involving even the bones. I have found, however, but eight
other cases in which the embolic nature of the primary obstrue-
tion was clear; but often the want of a minute examination of
the clot renders the report useless; and sometimes probably
the primary embolus is so overshadowed in size and importance
by the secondary thrombus as to be overlooked.

The third factor, the mechanical difficulties of the distant
circulation, combines almost inextricably with the weakened
heart in producing the spontaneous coagula or thrombi. It is,
nevertheless, clearly the principal factor in precipitating the
gangrene in the lower extremities. Not only, however, are the
inferior parts of the body thus involved in gangrene, but the
frequency of venous thrombi, and the resulting phlegmasize in
the same region, is a strong argument in the same direction.
Bouchut* found in 51 cases of non-puerperal venous coagula,
that 44 were situated in the pelvic, femoral, or tibial veins. I
have memoranda of 63 cases of venous coagula following the
continued fevers in which the site is stated. Only two cases
involved the upper extremity alone, and were both followed by
gangrene; one involved both the arm and leg; all the other
60 cases were limited to the lower extremities.? Both forms

of coagula

the arterial and the venous—form most frequently,
during or just after the period of greatest cardiac weakness—

a weakness felt most at such distant points as the legs. Of 18

1 Gaz. Méd. de Paris, 1845, p. 241.

2 See a very interesting case which got well after a second attack of
typhus thirty years later, Stokes on Fevers, Phila., 1876, p. 249 (repub-
lished in Med. News and Library).

SURGICAL COMPLICATIONS AND SEQUELS OF FEVERS. 37

arterial cases 12, and of 43 venous cases 24 occurred in the
second and third weeks of the fever. Moreover the preceding
circumstances, such as famine, individual poverty, and the
deprivations of war, are such as impair the nutrition and the
circulation in the peripheral districts of the body. The
coagulation also takes place at points mechanically favorable
to slowing of the currents, e. g., the bifurcation of arteries and
the valves in the veins.’ In the veins at least, as described by
Humphrey, the clots are sometimes laminated, the outer layers
of decolorized fibrin, and therefore the oldest, and the centre,
a bar-like recent coagulum of dark or black blood.

Once that the obstruction exists in the artery, it extends by
additional coagulation, so that the collateral circulation may
be widely and rapidly cut off. The progress of the clot can
often be watched from day to day by the progressive annihi-
lation of the pulse, first, for example in the tibial, then in the
popliteal, then in the femoral or higher; and by the parallel
progress of the gangrene. In cases of recovery this cessation
of the pulsation and the hard tender cord in the course of the
vessels are of course, the only, but sufficient proof of their
occlusion. That gangrene follows so much more frequently
in febrile thrombosis than after the traumatic thrombus which
accompanies ligation, is not surprising, in view of the condition
of the blood, the general enfeeblement, and the more wide-
spread arrest of the collateral circulation. Yet, on the other
hand, pyemia, which has so much to favor it, especially in the
cases of venous thrombi, is a rare sequel. Even when it does
follow, it is in most cases apparently the secondary result
from the septic influences arising from the gangrenous parts.

The circulation in the artery being cut off, it is not strange

that clots should follow in the veins, but even where both are

' See a carefully reported case of Phlegmasia by Cole, Med. Times
and Gaz., 1875, i. 5.

38 THE TONER LECTURES.

chstructed, moist gangrene rarely follows. The foot especially
generally mummifies. But this is not always the case. Occa-
sionally the gangrene is moist from the beginning, from early
obliteration of the vein, or baving begun as dry gangrene, e. g.
of the foot from a popliteal clot, suddenly both the femoral
artery and vein may be obstructed, and a moist gangrene of
the leg or thigh be added. Gangrene from venous obstruction
alone is very rare. It is more apt to follow in the arm than

the leg."
Coagulation of the blood may also be caused occasionally

by direct mechanical causes in fevers, as in a case given by
Jaesche, in which a swollen gland surrounded the common
iliac artery at its bifurcation and caused a clot, probably by
direct pressure or by induced arteritis.

2. The second variety of spontaneous gangrene is that in
which no cloé apparently exists—certainly no such clot as is
commonly designated either an embolus or a thrombus, that is,
a local clot in an arterial trunk of some size which cuts off the
circulation in the tissues supplied by its branches. But even
in these cases I believe that the conditions affecting the circu-
lation already so fully considered, will more readily and
rationally explain the causation of the gangrene than any
specific action of the indefinite though undoubted poison of
the fever. Coagulation I believe still to be the cause, but not
in the larger trunks. It begins rather as a blood stasis in the
capillary circulation. The parts in which the often extensive
coagulation takes place are at once struck with gangrene, and,
as the blockaded vessels themselves are all involved in the
general destruction of the gangrenous tissues, all evidence of
the nature of the lesion is thus destroyed. This form of gan-

grene occurs generally in the nose, ears, penis, perineum,

' Hueter (Virchow’s Archiv, xvii, 48) records, however, a very inte-
resting case of gangrene of the right leg following a spontaneous clot
without assignable cause, the vein wall being healthy.

SURGICAL COMPLICATIONS AND SEQUELS OF FEVERS. 39

labia, feet, and occasionally the fingers, that is, in parts sup-
plied by no one large yascular trunk, but by many smaller
branches ; not only in parts distant from the centre, such as
the feet, but in parts which lose their heat most readily by
reason of their thinness and small size ; and parts irritated, it
may be by local discharges. Very probably, also, it may be
due to the fatty degeneration of the smaller arteries as
observed by Hoffman, Zenker, and Ponfick. Raymond (and
following him, Fischer and Estlander) ascribes it to a spastic
ischemia, from contraction of the arterioles. The frequent
bilateral or symmetrical character of this variety, to which
Raymond has called especial attention, would indicate, at least,
the probability of some such central cause. Whether, if it
exist, it be the direct result of irritation of the nerve-centres,
as is seen in the other nervous phenomena of fever, or whether
it be a reflex spasm caused by the circulation of a deteriorated
blood, similar to that to which Dr. George Johnson has
attached so much importance in Bright’s disease, we can at
present only surmise.

The symptoms of gangrene are marked and characteristic.
Towards the end of the fever, especially in the third week, or
early in convalescence, as weakness is giving place to strength,
and the brightest hopes of speedy recovery are cherished,
sudden, severe, and persistent pain is felt. Usually it is at
the seat of the impending gangrene, though not uncommonly at
the clot itself, radiating thence to the periphery. In the lower
extremities it is often felt in the ball of the great toe or in the
heel. It is followed by numbness, coldness, loss of sensation,
and sometimes of motion, and in a short time discoloration
and all the other usual evidences of gangrene appear. Some-
times, but not usually, these local symptoms precede the pain.
If the distal vessels be examined, the pulsation will be found
feeble or utterly extinguished, while higher up at the seat of

the obstruction they will be changed into moderately firm but

40 THE TONER LECTURES.

tender cords in which we may sometimes differentiate the
artery from the vein—an important point in prognosis. Week
by week, sometimes day by day, the progress of the coagulum
may be traced upwards by the abolition of the pulsation and
by the upward march of the gangrene. If old cicatrices exist
they will be among the earliest parts to yield. Blebs may
form in the early stages, but most frequently they will dry up
aud the parts will mummify, although, as already indicated,
moist gangrene may supervene if a large clot form higher up
or if the veins are extensively obliterated, thus involving great
masses of moist tissue, such as the thigh, in sudden ruin.

Life may be rapidly destroyed, as in a case recorded by
Barker and Cheyne,’ in two and one half hours after gangrene
began in the nose; but more commonly days or weeks will
elapse during which nature as usual makes a powerful effort
to rid herself of the dead parts by the establishment of a line
of demarcation. On the establishment of this, the pain often
ceases.

If recovery follow, the circulation is carried on by collateral
branches, or in very rare cases the artery again becomes par-
tially pervious.2. This last result Humphrey has shown to be
not infrequent in veins, and Pétres’ has recently elucidated its
mechanism through the extension and coalescence of the vasa
vasorum.

In the variety of gangrene without a thrombus, the symptoms
will vary somewhat. It is not so uniformly in the lower
extremity, and is much more frequently symmetrical. If small
in extent, pain is not apt to be a leading feature. The onset
is often earlier, and from the nature of the case its progress is
sharper and its limits much more quickly defined, so that

usually, within a few days at least, the boundary of the gan-

1 Vol. i. p. 232. 2 Patry, Archiv. Gén., 1863, i. 136.
3 Edinb. Journ., Aug. 1875, p. 175, from Le Progrés Méd.

SURGICAL COMPLICATIONS AND SEQUELS OF FEVERS. 4]

grene is pronounced, since it does not progress with any
gradually growing thrombus. For the same reason it less
frequently returns in the stump after an amputation. Its area
also is usually much less than those cases in which a throm-
bus exists, rarely extending in the leg beyond the foot or ankle;
and it rarely involves surrounding parts to a large extent, if it
occur in the nose, ear, genitals, etc. Sometimes, however, it
may extend more widely, as in a case of typhus and starvation,
mentioned by Lyons,‘ in which the patient walked to the work-
house, and on baring his chest the whole of the right side was
‘a dark, olive-green, jelly-like, tremulous mass.”’ The abdomi-
nal wall is somtimes similarly involved. The probably irregu-
lar area in which the stasis of the blood will take place in this
form, also accounts for the great irregularity generally seen in
the line of demarcation; whereas, if a clot exists, it is apt to
be fairly even. This sudden history is usually followed by a
speedily decided issue. Death follows quickly, or reaction and
recovery set in within a short time, instead of hanging in the
balance for months.

The results of spontaneous gangrene vary much according
to its situation and extent. In the extremities, if life be saved,
the result is usually an amputation, either by nature or by the
surgeon. In the nose, it may perforate the septum or destroy
the entire organ to a greater or less extent. During some
civil, as well as military, epidemics of typhus, this seems to
have been a favorite spot for its beginning, so that the disease
was popularly known early in this century as the “ Blue Nose” ;?
and inspired terror whenever it appeared. In 1834, Mauthner
says, it was an extremely common result, seen in all the
military hospitals, and “all hope was gone as soon as this

dreadful symptom was seen.” Another not infrequent form is

' On Fever, p. 191.
> See Mauthner, Kraft, Gutberlet, Wendelstidt, and Barker and
Cheyne. i. 232.
43

49, THE TONER LECTURES.

noma, or cancrum oris. This is especially frequent in children
and in the army. Murchison speaks of it in the Crimea, as
frequent and invariably fatal; Chénu, however, in his report
does not name it. Its ravages are extremely extensive, often
involving even the bones.

The ear, also, and the eyelids are sometimes destroyed.
From each of these, singly or all together, the most frightful
deformities often follow, which require the utmost ingenuity in
the plastic operations necessary to remedy them. In many
cases the gangrene is local and subcutaneous, producing ne-
crobiotic masses of tissue, which are, I believe, often, if not
generally, the cause of the abscesses so commonly seen in all
parts of the body. Sometimes even the mediastina are opened,
the anterior from the chest wall, the posterior from the deep
tissues of the neck ;' unless, by a timely surgical operation, the
danger be averted.

The male genitals are occasionally destroyed to a greater or
less extent. Except the organic destruction, no special result.
follows, except, possibly, hemorrhage, for one case is recorded
of death from a hemorrhage of fl3xxx from the scrotum.’

That the perineum and the female genitals are not more
frequently the seat of gangrene, is rather surprising, when we
consider the neglected condition of many of the patients and
the constant soiling of the parts, as a result of unconscious and
unavoidable discharges, especially in females. The troubles of
the female generative organs are either distinct external gan-
erene, or gangrenous ulcers in the vagina. I have found 9
cases, 8 from typhoid and one from typhus; all in young per-
sons from 17 to 27 years of age, except one of 34. In 6 of the
cases there was gangrene of the labia, extending sometimes to
the perineum and the thigh. At least one case was followed by

! See Bibliog. Fraentzel, Werner, and Hoffman, p. 388.
2 Murchison, p. 194.

SURGICAL COMPLICATIONS AND SEQUELS OF FEVERS. 43

contraction of the vulva.!. In another, reported by Guéneau de
Mussy, there was complete occlusion of the vagina and men-
strual retention, necessitating puncture, with a fatal result.
The ulcers are generally on the posterior wall of the vagina,
and in three cases recto-vaginal fistulee have resulted. One is
reported by Lebert, in which, when convalescent in the seventh
week, chill, fever, and diarrhoea set in, and four weeks later
the fistula was discovered by injection. It was situated in
front of the hymen, and was as large as a 5-centime piece.
A month later she died of pelvic peritonitis. A second is
reported by Liebermeister.? It was caused by the sloughing
of a large piece of the recto-vaginal septum, in mass. The
large fistula thus produced healed without operation. The
third case has been under my own observation, in St. Mary’s
Hospital, for three years past, and is the only case I have
found of both recto-vaginal and vesico-vaginal fistula. Up to
March, 1872, she was perfectly healthy, when, at the age of
thirty-four, she had a severe attack of typhoid, for four months,
following exhaustive nursing during her husband’s fatal
illness. About the fourth week the labia sloughed away
to a large extent, and both water and feces passed by the
vagina. In October 1872, she was admitted to the hospital,
under the care of my colleague, Dr. Grove, having two large
vesical openings (separated by a slight bridge of tissue),
which destroyed the posterior part of the urethra and all the
floor of the bladder up to the uterus; and one rectal opening
an inch in diameter, one and a half inches above the anus.
Dr. Grove operated on her three times unsuccessfully ; once on
the rectal opening by the rectum, when he divided the sphincter,
and twice by the vagina. From Dec. 1873 to Dec. 1875, I
have done nine operations. Thrice unsuccessfully I attacked

the fistule proper, when, becoming convinced that the attempt

' Russell, Glasgow Med. Journ., 1864-5, xii. 165.
2 Ziemssen’s Cyc., Amer. ed., vol. i. p. 184.

44 THE TONER LECTURES.

to close them was hopeless, I proceeded to close the vagina.
At first I attempted to preserve and utilize the remnant of the
urethra, which gave me great trouble and necessitated several
operations; but at the last operation, Dec. 28, 1875, I gave up
the attempt, excised the useless urethra, and closed the entire
vulval aperture by ten wire sutures. The operation has been
a complete success. At present, after nearly seven weeks, she
defecates, menstruates, and micturates entirely by the rectum,
and without the slightest trouble. She rises usually once,
sometimes twice, in the night, and micturates only five or six
times during the day. My greatest fear has been that the
softened feces would pass into the vagina or bladder and give
trouble, but thus far at least, none has arisen, and she is
happily rid of the annoyance of four years.’ In the last four
operations, instead of the usual sigmoid female catheter to
empty the bladder, I inserted the curved branch of a pocket
case male catheter into the vagina and bladder, by the recto-
vaginal fistula, thus draining these cavities, while I drained
the rectum below the eye of the catheter, by an ordinary drain-
age tube inserted into the rectum, lest the feces should be
softened and then pass into the vagina. They answered admi-
rably. The difficulty in obtaining a cure, I believe lay
partly in the inherent difficulty of the case, and partly in her
deteriorated health ever since the fever.

The perineum suffers mostly in males as 8 to 3, while in 2
cases the sex is not stated. Typhoid was the cause in 11,
typhus in 2. Although not all cases of gangrene, they may
be surgically grouped together, since all but one produced
perineal fistula. The exception? was a case fatal from a large

' Soon after this was written, a small fistulous opening appeared in
the cicatrix, caused probably by the feces. This healed after a thir-
teenth operation, and now (May, 1877) she has remained entirely well
for over fifteen months. The rectum has answered perfectly both for
the urine and the menstrual discharge, ‘as stated above.

? De Change, Arch. Belg. de Méd. Mil., 1861, xxviii. 126.

SURGICAL COMPLICATIONS AND SEQUELS OF FEVERS. 45

abscess around the membranous urethra. Three fistulse were
caused by necrosis of the pelvic bones or sacrum, and nine by
gangrenous ulcers, which sloughed not only externally, but in
five, certainly communicated with the rectum, and probably
did so in others. Except two cases of 21 and 22 years of age,
they all occurred (when the age is stated) from 39 to 74 years
of age, later in life than most of the other sequels. They
arose from the third to the seventh week, that is, during dis-
tinct convalescence, and to this is probably due the fact that
10 recovered and 2 died, one from the peri-urethral abscess,
the other from hemorrhage upon sloughing into the rectum.
The question of treatment of gangrene is, after all, the most
important in a practical point of view, and is divided naturally
into the preventive and remedial. The general supporting
treatment of the disease is, of course, the most important
preventive. Next, a careful and repeated examination of the
body, especially the parts most likely to be attacked. If gan-
grene is specifically threatened, stimulation of the circulation,
both at the centre and at the threatened spot, is imperative.
To stimulate the centre, alcohol in liberal doses is the best
remedy, and two extremely instructive cases are given by
Stokes." In one, “the surface was cold, and the pulse imper-
ceptible. From the middle of the calf of each leg downwards
over both feet, the surface was black, the skin hanging in loose
wrinkles, giving an appearance as if the patient had on a pair
of black socks.” Sixteen ounces of brandy in the first eight
hours saved his life. Digitalis might also possibly be used
with advantage. The peripheral circulation must be stimulated
by such means as will assist the threatened circulation by
inducing alternate dilatation and contraction of the arterioles.
Permanently wrapping up the part in cotton, and other similar

means, will but assist permanent vascular dilatation and stasis.

! On Fever, Phila., 1876, p. 205.

46 THE TONER LECTURES.

The alternation of the two is the condition of health, and its
artificial production will tend to restore healthful reaction.

Chapman’s ice and hot-water bags to the spine, alternate
heat and cold directly to the parts, with proper friction and
stimulating liniments, at once commend themselves to us.
The constant current battery also may prove an extremely
useful aid, since it dilates the deep as well as the superficial
vessels, and will aid the collateral circulation.

But suppose gangrene actually occurs, what then? Est-
lander gives most judicious counsel here. We must remember
that good results follow both to life and limb without opera-
tion, especially if the gangrene be limited and the patient not
too exhausted. We must not, therefore, be rash in our inter- -
ference. If amputation has to be done, the question as to
where it should be done, depends on the probable extent of
the gangrene; as to when, on the line of demarcation. In the
non-thrombotic cases, as the line of demarcation is usually
established within two or three weeks, and the disease is not
then likely to be progressive, the amputation may be done but
little above or even through it. It is, therefore, usually best
to wait for its formation. In the thrombotic cases, the clot and
the gangrene are apt to be progressive. Until the line of
demarcation forms, therefore, it is impossible to say precisely
where the disease will stop. Yet we can gain some idea of the
probabilities of the case from past experience.

If the clot extend no further than the popliteal, the limb
may escape gangrene altogether, and if it follow, I have found
it limited in 9 cases, to the foot 4 times and to the upper calf
in 5; if the clot extend into the femoral, I find the gangrene
extended to the upper calf in 6 and to the thigh in 4; if the
clot extend above Poupart’s ligament, I find in 10 cases it was
limited to the foot in one, the calf in 8, and extended above the
knee in 6. ° The results of amputation are good, giving 21

recoveries to 21 deaths, but the recoveries are largely after

SURGICAL COMPLICATIONS AND SEQUELS OF FEVERS. AT

amputations in the foot. Before demarcation was established,
5 out of 8 died; after demarcation, 12 out of 22, a mortality,
respectively, of 63 and 55 per cent. Asa rule, therefore, wait
for the line of demarcation, but amputate soon after its appear-
ance; but if danger of septic poisoning, or of speedy exhaus-
tion should appear, amputate at once, at or above the probable
limitation of the disease, which, if the femoral be free, will not
be, in the majority of cases, above the tubercle of the tibia;
but if the femoral be involved, amputation would probably be
more dangerous than the expectant treatment. As dead parts
slough, they should be removed to prevent septic poisoning.
Fortunately there is but little danger of hemorrhage, either
primary or secondary, in the thrombotic cases, since the
arteries are all plugged securely.

Of course, the ordinary treatment of the gangrenous ulcers
and abscesses, especially of the perineum and genitals, should
be pursued, but I would especially urge the importance of free
incision, especially in abscesses in the vicinity of the anus, and
the use of detergent and stimulating washes in the vagina in
case of sloughing of the labia, in order to prevent in both cases

the establishment of fistulze.

V. HAMATOMATA.

The muscular system suffers, in typhus and typhoid fevers,
in common with almost every other tissue of the body,
undergoing a peculiar form of degeneration, resulting some-
times in rupture and the formation of hematomata. These,
although not so strictly surgical as some of the other diseases
noted, yet, as their proper surgical treatment is so important,
I shall notice briefly.

Apparently, the first published case was observed by that
shrewd surgeon Velpeau, in 1819, in the post-mortem exami-

nation of a soldier at Tunis. ‘ Rupture of the muscles of the

48 THE TONER LECTURES.

belly,” says he, “is not surprising. The organs become so
fragile in advanced stages of putrid fever that their rupture is
a phenomenon which is easily conceived when the patient in
his delirium moves so irregularly.” In 1844 Rokitansky
noted their relation to typhoid. Virchow studied them also in
1857. In 1864, however, Zenker first studied the subject
thoroughly. Since then, but especially within the last five
years, they have been frequently observed or studied, mostly,
however, from a pathological standpoint.

The muscular changes to be described are so frequent as to
be almost an essential part, at least, of typhoid. Yet they are
not peculiar to these fevers. They are said to have been met
with in phthisis, scurvy, scarlet fever, cholera, pneumonia,
dysentery, measles, tetanus, bright’s disease, cerebro-spinal
meningitis, muscular traumatism, and I have seen a similar
change in the muscles of the abdomen, in cases of large
ovarian tumors.

There are two independent forms: 1, a granular degenera-
tion of the muscular fibres, which is least frequent; and 2, a
waxy change, which is by far the commonest. In the micro-
scope the muscular tissue presents a glassy, translucent,
slightly opalescent, sbiny appearance, the fibres being swollen
to even double their usual size, and changed to fragile
cylinders. Sometimes the muscular tissue resembles even the
flesh of fish. The nature of the change is as yet greatly
disputed. Erb, Bernheim, and others attribute it simply to
post-mortem imbibition ; Hayem, to proliferation of the tunica
intima, which, with granulo-fatty change in the arterial walls,
produces an obstructive arteritis; Zenker ascribes the degene-
ration to the disturbance of a centre which regulates the
nutrition of the muscles; Waldeyer, Hoffman, Ranvier, and
Weihl believe that it is a coagulation of the myosin; and
Liebermeister that it is due to the long-continued high tempe-

rature. Whatever the cause, the muscles become extremely

SURGICAL COMPLICATIONS AND SEQUELS OF FEVERS. 49

fragile, and when they are called into play by the distension
from meteorism, by the efforts at coughing and other violent
respiratory acts, by defecation, rising in bed, the movements
of the legs, etc., they rupture with the greatest ease. Spasm
or direct violence does not seem to have been noticed in any
case. The arteries, which have also undergone an analogous
change, are involved in this rupture, and muscular hemorrhages
result. These assume three forms, according to their size and
mechanical limitation: 1, eechymoses; 2, diffuse infiltration
into the muscular tissue, soaking it with blood; or, 3, distinct
hematomata, the last being the most important and probably
the most frequent. The effused clot, at first hard, well defined,
and sharply limited, gradually softens and not infrequently
Ssuppurates, thus producing serious abscesses which, unless
opened, may even burst into the peritoneal cavity. Meanwhile
the swollen muscular fibres gradually undergo re-absorption,
until, finally, they disappear entirely, and a new formation of
cells takes place in the perimysium, which, according to
Hoffmann, first become spindle-shaped, then coalesce endwise
with one another, and gradually assume the appearance of
striated muscular fibre. Complete repair is then effected,
The resemblance of these spindle-shaped cells, which are nascent
muscular fibres, to the muscular fibre-cells is most striking,
and seems to form a link connecting the two forms of muscular
tissue, the striated and non-striated, such as I have long
taught to be probable.

Almost all of the muscles may be thus invaded, but
the favorite seats both for the degeneration and the hxmato-
mata are in the recti abdominis and the adductors of the thigh,
then in the pectorals, and, as Hoffmann has noticed in 16
cases out of 22, in the diaphragm. The influence of the

phrenic lesion in enfeebling the respiration is, perhaps, more

' Wenzel Gruber in Jacops’ Thesis, p. 42.

50 THE TONER LECTURES.

serious than has been recognized. Zenker gives the adductors
the first place, and Hoffmann reports the adductors involved
in the degenerative changes in ‘75 out of 107, the recti in 87
out of 127. While this may be true of the degenerative
process, yet the hematomata are certainly most frequent in
the recti. Of sixty positions in cases I have collected from
every side, they were in the recti in 27, and the “ abdominal
muscles” in 9, in the adductors but 5 times, and the upper
extremities but twice.’ If in the adductors, they may burrow
so as even to strip off the periosteum from the bone. Heema-
tomata are even found in the inter-ventricular septum of the
heart itself.

Stokes suggests that febrile deafness and hoarseness may
result from a similar degeneration of the muscles of the ear
and the larynx. There are no post-mortem examinations on
which to found such an hypothesis, and the fact that hoarse-
ness and deafness are so often not seen, and that, as I have
shown,’ other and sufficient causes are found at least in the
larynx, render the idea scarcely tenable.

Typhoid was the preceding fever in 44 out of 46 cases, but
the severity of the fever seems to have but little influence.
Nineteen out of 25 cases occurred from 15 to 25 years of
age, and 22 were males as against 8 females. They rarely
appear before the third week, since the muscular fragility is
then at its height. Of 23 cases I find 19 arose in the third,
fourth, and fifth weeks of the fever. Regeneration of the
muscles ‘usually begins at the third or fourth week, and is
accomplished by the seventh, after which time they do not
appear. Their period of development is therefore quite sharply
defined by the anatomical history.

As in dislocation of the hip-joint, the symptoms are often

' In the recti they are, I believe, invariably below the navel, possibly
on account of the absence of the support derived from the line trans-
versie.

2 Ante, p. 25.

SURGICAL COMPLICATIONS AND SEQUELS OF FEVERS, ok

nil. Indeed, of 47 cases, I find 10 were wholly unsuspected
until revealed at the post-mortem. The position of the tumor
accounts in part for this. Both in the’ thigh and in the
abdominal wall they are almost always in the posterior part of
the muscle—a position due probably, to the effect of gravity
in the recumbent posture. Often, indeed, they are so deep as
to extend to the pelvic and iliac muscles, and in two cases,
under the serous coat of the bladder. Hence there is usually
little or no discoloration of the skin, though Foucault reports
a case with ecchymosis in the hypogastrium, extending later
to the scrotum, thighs, and buttocks Swelling is only
reported 13 times, and fluctuation but 10 times. Suppuration
and softening are but rarely attended with any special fever.
Pain is mentioned in 14 cases. slexion of the legs to relax
the abdominal wall, which we would suppose to be frequent, is
named but once. The size of these blood tumors varies from
that of a bean to that of an orange. If small, they may be
obscured by meteorism; the symptoms then being so indeci-
sive, as in many of these surgical sequels, the necessity for
frequent and rigid physical examinations is at once apparent.
If a sudden and fixed pain exist in the recti below the navel,
or even if movements be only hindered or uneasy and painful,
a close examination should be made, and if a tumor or only
hardness be found, it should be carefully scrutinized, from
day to day, especially for the pasty feel and other signs of
cedema, and of fluctuation. The differential diagnosis is not
usually very difficult. The most likely error, if in the rectus,
is that of mistaking it for a distended bladder, but the
catheter will at once unmask this error. If in the right iliac
region, it may be mistaken for perityphlitis; or in the addue-
tors, for a simple abscess; but, as in point of practice, the
treatment of all three would be more or less similar, the error
is of less moment than might be supposed. From aneurism,
an abdominal tumor, and peritonitis, the differential diagnosis
is sufficiently easy.

52, THE TONER LECTURES.

The treatment is important, especially when we consider
the results. Of 13 cases opened by incision, only 2 died; of
34 in which there-is no mention of an operation, all died. If
small, they will either be overlooked until the post-mortem
reveals their existence, or if recovery take place, absorption
of the clot, and regeneration of the muscle will follow, inde-
pendent of treatment. If large, every possible effort should
be made by poultices, etc., to bring about early softening, and
as soon as softened, they should be opened. That the aspi-
rator may be of service, is probable, but as yet it is, I believe,

untried.
VI. PAROTITIS.

Parotitis is occasionally an exceedingly important surgical
complication, whose onset is always to be dreaded, lest it
bring in other evils worse than itself. Murchison believes
with Graves that the inflammation begins in the areolar tissue
between the lobules of the gland itself, but Hoffmann has
unquestionably shown that, at least in typhoid, the pancreas
and all the salivary glands are in a state of rapid cell prolife-
ration in nearly every case, and that parotitis proper is merely
“an exaggeration of the changes that usually take place in this
gland during typhoid fever, and bears the same relation to
these changes that ulceration and perforation of the intestine
do to the infiltration of the intestinal follicles.” This exagge-
ration he believes to be due to the dense parotid fascia which
compresses the gland. But this is not the only role this dense
investing fascia plays. The compression of the swollen tissues
not rarely produces gangrene, so that the entire gland may
slough out in great masses like tow. Ina case related to me
by Dr. Grove, it involved both glands and proceeded so far
that the fingers could almost meet behind the pharynx.
The compression also is very favorable to thrombosis, which
may extend to the brain by the diploic veins or even to the

internal jugular itself Necrosis and septicemia not rarely

SURGICAL COMPLICATIONS AND SEQUELS OF FEVERS. 53

follow in its track. In two cases I have found facial palsy,
from involvement of the seventh nerve. Facial deformity and
anchylosis of the jaw are sometimes seen. Jn none does
hemorrhage from the carotid appear to have followed.

The death-rate is largely increased in such cases, since of
352 cases, 125 died and 227 recovered, a mortality of nearly
one-third. The sex is named in only 19 cases, of which 14 were
males. Contrary to the fact in other complications, except in
perineal fistula, this disease is most common after 30. Of
211 cases, the average age, according to Murchison, was 314.
It is certainly very rare in children, for I have found but 2
cases under 15. Typhus was the preceding fever in 352 cases,
and typhoid in only 26. Most cases do not go on to suppu-
ration, for of 101, I find 40 suppurated and 61 did not. The
abscesses generally discharge by one or often by several
openings, the external meatus being frequently one of them.
As Nélaton has pointed out, even where it has thus opened,
if we would avoid burrowing and other subsequent troubles,
we must open it still more freely, in order to divide the parotid

fascia.
CONCLUSIONS.

If now, by way of review, we cast our eyes back over the
general results of all the complications and sequels we have
studied, we may arrive at some useful and important con-
clusions."

1. Typhoid, probably from its usually longer duration, is by
far the more prolific source of such surgical troubles except
parotitis, especially when we consider that many cases tabu-
lated as typhus are really typhoid. Of 433 cases, typhoid was
the preceding fever in 252, typhus in 119, and other forms of

continued fever in 62.

' In this summary I have not included the cases of parotitis in the
figures.

54 THE TONER LECTURES.

2. The surgical troubles to be apprehended in typhus are
mainly restricted to gangrene and laryngeal stenosis, 103 out
of the 119 cases being due to these two classes of disease,
while typhoid bears in its train any and all of the forms
of disease described.

3. The age is about the usual age of greatest frequence of
these fevers.' From 15 to 25 years is by far the most fre-
quent decade, counting 133 cases against 129 at all other
periods of life. One singular exception is to be made, viz.,
the articular troubles, and especially dislocation of the hip, 21
out of 23 cases being under 20 years of age, of which 15 were
in children under 15—in striking analogy to the frequency of
coxalgia in children.

4, Sex is an unexpected and important factor in the predis-
position to febrile surgical troubles. Of 303 cases in which
the sex is named, 218 are males and 85 are females, or over
two and a half to one. What is the normal proportion of the
sexes in fever, it is difficult to determine. In nearly 6000
cases of typhoid, Murchison gives the proportions as precisely
equal, and in over 18,000 cases of typhus the females were in
a decided majority (8871-9267). Hstlander’s figures would
give us a slight preponderance of males, while Liebermeister,
in over 2000 cases of typhoid, gives 1300 males and 750 females.

Unfortunately, I omitted to tabulate the number of cases
arising in military practice, which I am sure is not inconsider-
able; but while this will account to some extent for the
_ predominance of males, it could not be adduced in the cases
of arthritis and dislocation, since most of the patients were

children, yet the males were in the preponderance.

! Leibermeister gives the ages in typhoid, as follows: 15-30, 1310;
30-71, 394, total 1704. None under 15 were admitted. In typhus,
15-30, 39 per cent.

Murchison gives in typhoid: 15-25, 2752; all other ages, 3159, total
5911; and in typhus, 15-25, 5332; all other ages, 12,806, total 18,138,

SURGICAL COMPLICATIONS AND SEQUELS OF FEVERS. 55

5. The period of development is not the initial period of the
fever, but first, from its height to its close, that is, the compli-
cations, especially gangrene and stenosis of the larynx; and,
secondly and most frequently, during convalescence, that is,
the sequels. Of 240 cases, only 12 arose in the first week, 38
in the second, and 48 in the third, a total of 98. If we may
assume that convalescence, on the average, begins at the end
of the third week, then 142 occurred during convalescence,
when health is apparently in the near future.

6. The lower half of the body is the especial seat of such
surgical troubles. With the exception, of course, of the
laryngeal cases and parotitis, of 307 cases 216 occurred in the
pelvic region and legs, as against 91 in all other parts of the
body. Moreover, the diseases attacking the upper half of the
body are limited almost entirely to local gangrenes and caries
and necrosis, and they are usually far less severe in type and
more limited in extent than those in the lower half. Here,
whole limbs are blighted by gangrene, here occur most of the
dislocations, the hematomata, the fistule, here the severest
necroses and largest abscesses, and were we to add the long
catalogue of bedsores and phlegmasiz, the preponderance of
the lower half of the body in importance would be still further
increased. |

T. The diagnosis is, in general, moderately easy. The
danger is not that difficulty of diagnosis may obscure the case,
but that the diseases may be entirely overlooked. They occur
most frequently in parts of the body covered by the bedclothes,
parts which require time and trouble to expose and examine
in the routine of an ordinary visit. Moreover, the patient
is frequently so apathetic and insensible to pain, that he does
not complain, or, if he do so, it is ascribed to the ordinary
pains so frequent in the belly and legs in such fevers, or
else to delirium itself.

Hence the most important hint I can give in the diagnosis—

56 THE TONER LECTURES.

and where indeed does the same rule not hold good ?—is, that
time and trouble must be taken, and that no patient, suffering
from a continued fever, and especially from typhoid, should
escape frequent, minute, complete, physical examinations, in
which every part of the body from head to foot should
be questioned. Especially should the physical condition of
the larynx, the belly, the legs, and the toes, and in children,
the hip-joint, be exactly ascertained. This should be done
at least every second day, and that too, not only in severe,
but in mild cases, and not only during the fever, but especially
in early convalescence, for it is in just such mild and con-
valescent cases that the wariness of the doctor is the patient’s
surest reliance. Particularly should attention be paid to hoarse-
ness or even the slightest change in the voice, and the larynx
be examined at once with the greatest care from day to day,
by the eye, the finger, and the laryngoscope, lest sudden
edema or the more insidious and more fatal necrosis of
the cartilages be impending. The eye should seize upon
any hindered movements, even without discomfort, and no
complaint of pain should fall upon a deaf ear, especially if it
be in the throat, the belly-wall, the buttock, the hip-joint, the
legs, or the toes. True, it may mean nothing. It may be
the vagary of a wandering mind. But it may also be, as we
have seen, the herald of the gravest dangers whose attack may
be entirely repelled or their force broken by heeding this timely
warning.

8. The prognosis is naturally unfavorable, yet not to the
extent we would suppose from the addition or sequence of
such serious disease. Of 383 cases in which the result is
named, 220 died and 163 recovered, a mortality of 574 per cent.

9. Still more clearly I think, after such a review, do we see
the powerful influence of mechanical causes as the proximate
factors in the production of such troubles, working in conjunc-
tion with the profoundly vitiated blood. With the exception,

SURGICAL COMPLICATIONS AND SEQUELS OF FEVERS. Di

perhaps, of the almost constant muscular degeneration, and
its not infrequent subsequent hzematomata, these surgical
results are not usually primary but secondary processes ; not
dependent directly on the fever-poison, but its indirect and
often distant results; not constantly seen, but incidental,
indeed, often rare; not parts of the fever, but its complications
and sequels.

Pathologically all these results may be grouped into two
categories, viz.: 1. Those in which a clot exists; 2. Those
without any clot.

1. Those in which emboli of cardiac origin, or more fre-
quently local thrombi exist, are unquestionably most of the
cases of extensive gangrene and phlegmasia. In many other
cases in which such a clot is at present unsuspected, I believe
that more careful examination will reveal its presence in the
smaller vessels, and prove that if venous, it may be a cause
of edema glottidis, and if arterial, of the local ‘necrobiotic
processes, which result in necrosis,of the bones, and probably
of the cartilages of the larynx, and gangrene of the soft parts
with its abscesses, fistulae, ete.

2. Those in which no clot exists, and yet edema glottidis,
dropsy, and dislocation of the hip, gangrene, ulcers, necroses,
perichondritis, and other similar troubles occur. These are
especially often ascribed to the fever-poison itself, acting
locally and producing, for instance, the so called laryngo-
typhus, the abscesses and ulcers in the skin and subcutaneous
tissues ete., which are regarded as specific. While not denying
this view outright, and especially in some cases, I feel still
more strongly disposed to look upon them as allied disorders,
the immediate results, as in the case of the pneumonia of
fevers, of mechanical conditions, which produce a local stasis
of the blood followed by cedema, low forms of inflammation
or gangrene. True, these results of fever are most frequent

in severe cases and severe epidemics, in which the poison
44

58 THE TONER LECTURES.

would be the most virulent, but it must also be remembered
that such epidemics and such cases are themselves, as a rule,
the result of exceptionally depressing pre-existing causes,
such as famine and war, want and sorrow. Even simple
inanition alone will produce identical results in many cases.

But it is especially when we consider the position of the
troubles that this mechanical factor is apparent. Their
posterior position, as is seen in the laryngeal ulcers, the peri-
chondritis, the vaginal ulcers, the fistulae, and in the heemato-
mata the posterior surface of the recti and adductors, is most
significant. Likewise is the fact that all such complications
as we have seen, are especially frequent in the lower extremi-
ties, that is, in parts mechanically unfavorable to a ready
return of the blood and eminently favorable, if not to throm-
bosis, at least to stasis.

10. The treatment must be bold, but not rash; conservative,

but not timid.

e

Norr.—After the portion on Diseases of the Joints was stereotyped, I
received a letter from Dr. V. P. Gibney, of the Hospital for Ruptured
and Crippled, New York City, giving the results in 860 cases of disease
of the joints. The following is the only case which followed any con-
tinued fever, and it is not tabulated with the others.

“ William H , xt. 12, presented himself at the out-door department
of the Hospital for Ruptured and Crippled, May 2, 1876. His general
condition was good. The right hip was anchylosed with the thigh, abducted,
semiflexed, and rotated inward, the trochanter carried upward, and the
pelvis tilted to the right side. There was apparent shortening of the limb,
but the real shortening was not ascertained. The thigh was atrophied
three inches. Immense cicatrices of bedsores were found, one over each
posterior superior spine of the ilium, one over the right natis, and one
over each trochanter major, that over the right being the deeper, and
covered by a scab one and three-fourths by one and a half inches.

“Prior to October, 1875, he was in perfect health, but was taken that
month with typhoid fever, and lay very ill for six weeks, during which
illness, the bedsores formed, and during convalescence the deformity at
the hip was observed. his history I obtained from the mother, who
was very intelligent. At the time I saw him, the disease was practically
arrested.”

SURGICAL COMPLICATIONS AND SEQUELS OF FEVERS, 59

BIBLIOGRAPHY .!

I. WORKS REFERRING MORE OR LESS BRIEFLY TO SEVERAL DISEASES.

Flint, Clin. Rept. on Continued Fever, Phila., 1855.

Hoffmann, Untersuch. iiber die Patholog. Anatom. Veriinder. der Organe
beim Abdominal Typhus, ‘Leipzig, 1869.

Liebermeister, On Acute Infectious Diseases, Ziemssen’s Cyc. Pract.
Med., N. Y., 1874, vol. i.

Murchison, On the Continued Fevers of Great Brit., 2d ed., London,
1873.

Trousseau, Clinique Méd. de |’H6tel-Dieu, 2d ed., Paris, 1865.

II. DISEASES OF THE JOINTS.

{Barth, Bull. Soc. Anat., 1853, p. 80.

{Billroth, Chirurg. Erfahr. Langenbeck’s Archiv, x. 763.

Boyer, Maladies Chirurg., iv. 316.

Capelle Quelques Consid. sur les Luxat. du Fémur Survenues dans la
Cours de la Fiévre Typhoide epidem., Journ. de Méd. Chirurg., etc.,
Bruxelles, 1861, p. 456.

tDittel, Wien. Med. Wochen., 1861, p. 200; also in Journ. fiir Kinder-
krankh. 1861, p. 31, and in Gurlt’s Jahresbericht, Langenbeck’s
Archiv, iii. 183.

Graves, Clin. Med., 2d ed., pp. 201-2.

Giiterbock, Ueber Spontan. Luxat. und einige ander. Gelenkkrankh.
bei Heotyphus, Langenbeck’s Archiv, xvi. 58.

*Hellwig, Ueber die Affect. des Hiiftgelenk. bei Typhus, Marburg, 1856.

Hiiter, Klinik der Gelenkkrankh., pp. 686-7.

{Lorinser, Wien. Med. Wochen., 1853, p. 353.

Roser, Die Lehre, v. d. Spontan. Verrenk. des Oberschenkels, Schmidt’s
Jahrbb., 1857, xciv. 120.

{Schotten, Archiv physiol. Heilkund, 1854, xiii. 118.

{Seitz, Deutsche Klinik, 1864, p. 109.

1 In the preparation of this contribution to the Bibliography of the subject, I
must acknowledge my very great indebtedness to the card catalogues of the
National Medical Library, and of the private library of Dr, J. M. Toner, and my
personal indebtedness for many facilities to both Drs, Toner and Billings.

Works marked + I have not been able to consult.

Those marked { are cases whose titles are omitted fo save space.

Those marked * are Theses or Inaugural Dissertations,

60 THE TONER LECTURES.

+Stromeyer, Handb. der Chirurg., 1844, p. 496.
Volkmann, Pitha & Billroth’s Handb., Bd. ii., Abth. ii., Lief. i., 502-3.

III. DISEASES OF THE BONES.

yArmieux, Fitvre Typhoide, Ostéite de Humerus droit, Erysipéle, Mort.
Réy. Méd. de Toulouse, 1875, pp. 42-3.

{Betz, Typhus mit Periostitis u. Synovitis, Memorabil. Heilbronn, 1872,
pp. 497-501.

tBigelow, Boston Med. and Surg. Journ., 1867, p. 395, and private letter
giving subsequent amputation and fatal result.

Birkett, Necrosis of Condyle, ete., of Lower Jaw after Typhus, Trans.
Path. Soc. Lond., 1855-56, p. 283.

*+Bruant, Consid. sur quelques cas d’Osteo-Periostite & la suite de
* * Fievres Graves, Paris, 1873.

tBuck, Trans. N. Y. State Med. Soc., 1864, p. 173; Circ. No. 6,8. G. O.
Surg. Sec., Spec. 557, p. 53; Med. and Surg. Hist. War of the Rebel.,
Pt. i., Surg. vol., pp. 375-7, and Buck on Reparative Surgery.

tDurham, Guy’s Hosp. Rep., 1870, p. 521.

Englisch, Beitrige zur Lehre von den Nachkrankh. des Typhus, Wien.
Med. Presse, 1867, pp. 1199, 1259.

tGairdner, Glasgow Med. Journ., xii. 408.

tGay, Trans. Path. Soe. London, xx. 290.

tGuy’s Hosp. Mus. Catal., 1026.

tM. Hall, Edinb. Med. Journ., 1819, p. 552.

tLailler, Gaz. Hebdom., 1867, p. 652, and Med. Times and Gaz., 1867,
Hi, S21

tLebert, Anat. Pathol., ii. 579, pl. clxiv., Fig. 9, and Prag. Viertelj.,
1858, i., 40-2.

{Martin, Moniteur des Sci. Méd., 1659, p. 371.

Meusel, Beitrag zur Kentniss der Nachkrankh. von Typhus, Thrombose
der Art. Mening, Med., Schiidelnekrose, Resection, Heilung, Deutsche
Klinik, 1872, pp. 265-7.

tMurchison, Acute Necrosis of Sternum, Ilium, and Acromion, Trans.
Path. Soc. Lond., xv. 181. (Doubtful case.)

tPatry, Archiv. Gén., 1868, i. 150-1.

tRobinson, Buff. Med. Journ., 1853, viii. 736.

Stanley, On the Bones, Amer. ed., pp. 76, 117, 118.

{St. Geo.’s Hosp. Museum Catal., ser. ii. 95, and iii. 76.

tWarren, Boston Med. Journ., 1863, Ixviii. 500.

tWarren Museum, Catalogue of, No. 1323, p. 246.

Whately, Descrip. of an Affection of the Tibia, induced hy Fever, etc.,
London, 1810.

Whately, Pract. Observ. on Necrosis of the Tibia, and a defence of a
Tract entitled “ Description, éte.,” London, 1815.

a

SURGICAL COMPLICATIONS AND SEQUELS OF FEVERS, 61

IV. DISEASES OF THE LARYNX.

Albers, Tracheot. bei Glottis-idem im Folge von Typhus, Langenbeck’s
Archiv, 1867, vili. 176.

{Anderson, A., Ten Lectures on Fever, London, 1861, p. 46.

Armstrong, Pract. Illustr. Typhus F., London, 1819, p. 399.

tBarthez, Ann. de Chir. Franc., iii. 92.

Bayle, Sur l’didéme de la Glotte, Nouveau Journ., iv. 1.

tBeck. Laryngot. bei einem Typhus Kranken., Verhandl. Phys. Medic.
Gesellsch., Wiirzburg, 1868, i. 27.

tBergeron, Bull. Soc. Anat’, 1857, p. 119.

{Blondeau, Bull. Soc. Anat., 1858, xxxiii. 151.

TBonorden, Abdom. Typhus, Gidem der Glottis, Tracheot., Med. Zeit.,
1838, 156.

Buck, On Gidemat. Laryngitis successfully treated by scarif. of the
Glottis and Epig]., Trans. Amer. Med. Assoc., 1848, p. 135.

Charcot et Dechambre, Des Affect. Laryngées dans la Fiévre Typhoide,
Gaz. Hebdom., 1859, vi., 465, 497, 706.

{Cornil, Trav. Soc. Méd. d’Observ., Paris, 1859-63, ii. 769.

tCoues, Catalogue Army Med. Mus., Washington, Med. Sec., Spec. no.
207, p. 56. ;

+DeBroen, Presse Méd., xxi. 20.

tDeLasiauve, Laryngitis Gidem., Ann. de Chir., Nov. 1844, and March,
1845.

tDinstl, Zeitschr. k. k..Gesellsch. Aertzte Wien, 1853, no. 5, p. 472.

Dittrich, Ueber Perichondritis laryngea u. ihre Verhalt. zu ander. Krank-
heits-Proc., Prag. Viertelj., 1850, iii. 117.

tElster, Casus Rarior Febr. Nervos. cum Abscessu Laryngis Complic.,
Lips., 1829.

Emmet, On Gidema Glottidis, resulting from Typhus Fever, Amer. Journ.
Med. Sci., July, 1856, xxxii., 63-81.

*Farssac, De Certains Accidents qui compliquent la Convalec. de la
Fiévre Typhoide, Paris, 1872, p. 36.

{Fieber, Die Inhalat. Medic. Fliissigk., p. 44, quoted in Cohen, on Inha-
lation, p. 60.

Foot, Enteric Fever, complic. during convalesc. with Acute dem. Glot.
terminating in Abscess of the Larynx, Irish Hosp. Gaz., 1874, p. 211.

Frey, Ueber Anwendung d. Laryngot. bei Typhiésen Kehlkopfsleiden,
Henle & Pfeuffer’s Zeitsch. f. rat. Med., 1847, vi. 1-11.

Genouville, Bull. Soc. Anat., 1859, xxxiv. 81. (Trousseau quotes this
as a case of typhoid, but it was not. See Report of Vidal, which
follows the case.)

Gibb, Diseases of the Throat and Windpipe, 2d ed., pp. 292-4.

7Gilliard, Presse Méd., xxi. 20.

62 THE TONER LECTURES.

Griesinger, Infectionskrankh., Virch. Handb. Pathol., Erlangen, 1857,
Bd. ii., Abth. ii., S. 160-2.

tGuersant, Bull. Soc. Chirurg., 1857-8, p. 586.

tGuyot, Bull. Soc. Anat., 1858, xxxiii. 151.

tHérard, L’Union Méd., July 14, 1859.

Jenner, On Fevers, Med. Times and Gaz., xxi. 135 et seq.

{Lacaze-Duthiers, Bull. Soc. Anat., 1848, xxiii. 149.

tLawrence, London Med. Gaz., 1844-5, i. 307, and St. Barth. Hosp.
Museum, iii., ser. 25, no. 19. (Doubtful case.)

Lawrence, Med.-Chir. Trans., vi. 232.

Lisfranc, Mém. sur |’Angine Laryng. @dém., Journ. Gén., 1823,
lxxxhi. 289. .

Litten, Deutsch. Archiv Klin. Med., 1874, xiii. 298.

Lischner, Klin. Beobacht. des Ileotyphus mit brandigem Kehlkopf u.
weitverbreitetes Emphysem, Prag. Vierteljahr., 1856, iv. p. 23.

Minnich, 'l'yphus, Perichondr. Metastat., Glottis-idem, Laryngotomie,
Besserung, Wien. Med. Presse, 1874, 816-8.

Mohr, Casper’s Wochenschr., 1842, p. 192.

Moritz-Haller, Des Ulcer. du Larynx dans la Fiévre Typhoide, Journ.
Méd. de Bordeaux, 1856, p. 758, from Oesterr. Zeitschr. prakt. Heilk.,
1856, no. 19.

tObédénare, De Ja Tracheot. dans |’Gidéme de la Glotte et de la Laryn-
gite Nécrosique, Paris, 1866.

{Pachmayr, Zwei Fille von Typhus mit seltenen Complicationen, Ver-
handl. Phys. Medic. Gesellsch., Wiirzburg, 1868, i. 2.

{Pfeuffer, Zeitsch. f. Rat. Med., 3d ser., bd. v., nos. 2 and 3, quoted in
Amer. Journ. Med. Sci., July, 1861, p. 268.

tPorter, Catalogue Army Med. Mus., Washington, 1866, Surg. Sec.
Spec., no. 836, p. 483.

Riihle, Die Kehlkopfs-Krankh. Berlin, 1861, pp. 157 and 257, and fig. 2.

Russell, J. B., On Subglottic Gidema and Permanent Stricture of the
Larynx following Typhus, Glasgow Med. Journ., Feb. 1871, p. 209.

tRyland, Diseases and Injur. Larynx and Trachea, Phila., 1838, p. 78.

tSchiele, Obs. d’Abscés au Larynx 4 la Suite dune Fiévre Typh., An-
nuaire par Noirot, 1859, 214.

{Second-Ferréol, Bull. Soc. Anat., 1858, xxxiii. 145.

Sestier, La Bronchotomie dans le cas de |’Angine Laryngée (idem.
Archiv. Gén., 1850, 4me ser., xxiii. 385; xxiv. 35, 297, 441.

Sestier, Traité de l’Angine Laryngée @dem., Paris, 1852.

{Spencer, Catalogue Army Med. Mus., Washington, Med. Sec., Spec.
no. 301, p. 30.

{Steiner, Dis. Children, London, 1874, p. 363.

*Szenic, Typhus Abdom. u. ihre Folgezustiinde, Berlin, 1869.

Tirck, Klinik der Krankh, des Kehlkopf., Wien, 1866, 215-235.

SURGICAL COMPLICATIONS AND SEQUELS OF FEVERS. 63

+Tiirek, Ueber Perichondritis Laryngea, Wien. Med. Zeit., 1861, no. 50.

{Ulrich, Laryngo-Typhus, Laryngotomie, Archiy. Gén., 1870, xvi., 366,
from Berlin, Klin. Wochen., 1869, no. 45.

Wilks, Remarks on Ulcer. of the Larynx and Emphysema in Typhoid
F., Med. T. and Gaz., 1862, ii. 276, and Trans. Path. Soc. London,
1857, ix. 34.

Vv. GANGRENE.

t{Andrews, Proc. Path. Soc. Phila., ii. 177.

tAshhurst, Proc. Path. Soc. Phila., ii. 153.

{Babington, Dublin Med. Journ., xxi. 45.

Barker and Cheyne, Acc. of the Fever lately Epidemic in Ireland, London,
1821, i. 232-9.

Behier, Rapport sur M. Bourgeois’ Note sur la Gangrene, ete., L’Union
Méd., June 13, 1857 and 1861, pp. 145, 292.

tBell, Edinb. Med. Journ., July, 1875, p. 72.

{Billroth, Langenbeck’s Archiv, x. 783.

*Blumm, Ueber Gangriin nach Typhus, Wiirzburg, 1872.

tBourdeau, Archiv. Méd. Belg., 1874, 3d ser., vi., 73.
Bourgeois, Des Gangrénes des Extrem. dans la Fitvre Typhoide, Archiv.
Gén., Aug. 1857, p. 149, and L’Union Méd., 1861, xii. 80 and 249.
Bourguet, Gangrene Spontanée de la Jambe, Gaz. Hebdom., 1861, 350.
Estlander, Ueber Brand in den Unter. Extrem. bei Exanthem. Typhus,
Langenbeck’s Archiv, 1870, pp. 453-517.

{Fabre, Gaz. Méd. de Paris, 1851, p. 539.

{Finlay, W. A., Edinb. Med. Journ., May, 1876, p. 1023.

Fischer, Zur Lehre vom Brande, Langenbeck’s Archiv, xviii. 338.

7Frangois, Essai sur la Gangréne Spontanée, Mons, 1832.

{tGay, Trans. Path. Soc. London, xx. 290.

Gaz. Hebdom., 1867, p. 651; and also Med. Times and Gaz., 1867, ii.
521.

Gigon, Note sur le Sphacéle et la Gangréne Spontanée dans la Fiev.
Typhoide, L’Union Méd., 1861, t. xi. 577, 611; t. xii. 127.

TGrimm, Darstel. u. EHrért. Hines Falles von Spontan. Gangriin, Bern,
1850.

Gutberlet, Die Blaue Nase bei dem Typhus Bellicus, Hufeland’s Journ.,
1816, xlii., vi. 101.

{Hayem, Edinb. Med. Journ., May, 1876, p. 1023.

Hayem, Legons Clin. sur les Manifest. Cardiaques de la Fiévre Typhoide,
Paris, 1875, lect. iv., v., p. 49 et seqq.
{Hudsen, On Fever (Gangrene of Nose), Eng. ed., p. 27.

tJaesche, Langenbeck’s Archiv, 1865, vi. 701.

Kraft, Ueber Typhus Bellicus u. die Blaue Nase, Hufeland’s Journ., 1851,
lt. ale

64 THE TONER LECTURES.

Masserell, Ein Fall von Spontiiner Gangrin nach Abdom. Typhus,
Deutsch Arch. Klin. Med., 1869, v. 445.

Mauthner, Ueber das Typhiése Fieber mit Nasenbrand, Hufeland’s Journ.,
1834, Ixxviii. 46.

Obre, On Gangrene of the Face, Edinb. Med. Journ., 1844, i. 105.

+*Oschwald, Ueber den Brand., Bern, 1840.

tPachmayr, Zwei Fille von Typhus mit seltenen Complicationen., Ver-
handl., Phys. Med. Gesell., Wiirzburg, 1868, i. 1-26.

Pappelbaum, De Febre Malig. per Gangren. Pedis Dextri.* * Criticé
Soluta, Gitting. 1643.

Patry, De la Gangréne des Membres dans la Fiévre Typhoide, Arch.
Gen., 1863, 129-52, 549-61.

T*Raynaud, De l’Asphyxie locale et de la Gangréne symmetrique des
Extrem., Paris, 1862.

Roger, Sur le Rhino-Necrose, L’Union Méd., 1860, p. 468.

Russell, 300 cases of 'Typhus, Glasgow Med. Journ., 1864-5, xii. 165.

tSquintani, quoted by Dechambre, Gaz. Hebdom., 1859, p. 706.

tStokes, Med. Times and Gaz., 1849, xix. 251, and 1854, new series,
viii. 424,

Stokes, On Fevers, Phila., 1876, p. 210.

Suchanek, Die Typhus Epidemie in Schlesien, Prag. Viertelj., 1849, i. 115.

{Virchow, Virchow’s Archiv, il. 200, 329, 346.

Wendelstiidt, Die Blaue Nase beim Typhus Bellicus, Hufeland’s Journ.,
1816, xliii., v. 131.

VI. HZ MATOMATA.

+Bernheim, De l’Etat dit Cireux des Muscles, Gaz. Méd. de Strasb.,
1870, no. 7.

tBesnier, Bull. Soc. Méd. des Hopit., 1869, p. 213.

tBuchanan, Trans. Path. Soc. London, 1865, p. 274.

*Chaparre, Etude sur les Hemorrhag. Muscul. dans la Fiévre Cae
Paris, 1872.

tDauvé, L’Union Méd., 1865, p. 317, and Centralbl., 1865, no. 484)

Erb, Ueber die Sogenannt. Wachsartig. Degenerat. der Saengetes Musk.,
Virch. Arch., 1868, xliii. 108.

tFoucault, Bull. Soc. Anat., 1869, p. 498.

Hayem, Altérat. des Muscles Partic. dans la Variole, Gaz. Méd. de
Paris, 1866, p. 698, and Mém. Soc. de Biol., 1866, p. 93.

Hoffmann, Ueber die Neubild. der Quergestreif. Muskelfas. beim Typhus
Abdom., Virch. Archiv, 1867, xl. 505.

*Jacops, Etude Clinique sur les Abcés Muscul. qui surviennent pendant
la Convalesc. de la Fiévre Typhoide, Paris, 1873.

*Jankowski, Typhus Abdom. Complic. mit Ruptur. der Geraden Bauch-
Muskeln., Berlin, 1869. Résumé in Canstatt Jahresb., 1870, ii, 217.

SURGICAL COMPLICATIONS AND SEQUELS OF FEVERS. 65

TKlob, Pathol. Anat. Mittheil. tiber Exanth. Typhus, Wochenbl. Zeit-
schr. Gesell. Aertz. Wien, 1866, p. 331.

Kraft-Ebing, Ueber Muskelvereiter. bei I'yphus Abdom., Deutsch. Arch.
Klin. Med., 1871, viii. 613.

*Labuze, Des Abcés Dévelop. dans la Gaine des Muse. Grand Droits
de l’ Abdomen, Paris, 1871.

{Liouville, Bull. Soc. Anat., 1869, p- 501.

Litten, Deutsch. Arch. Klin. Med., 1874, xiii. 150.

Martini, Beitriige zur Pathol. Histol. der Quergestr. Musk., Deutsch.
Arch. Klin. Med., 1868, iv. 505.

{Murchison, Trans. Path. Soc. London, 1865, p. 275.

Popoff, Ueber die Veriind. des Muskelgeweb. bei Hinigen Infections-
krankh. Virch. Arch., 1874, Lxi. p. 322.

Russell, 300 Cases of 'l'yphus, Glasgow Med. Journ., 1864-5, xii. 151.

Velpeau, Dict. en trente vol., article, Abdomen, Rupture de I’, quoted by
Jacops.

Virchow, Wiirzb. Verhandl., vii., and Virch. Archiv, iv.

Wagener, Verhalten der Muskeln in Typhus, Schultze’s Arch. Mikros.
Anat., 1874, p. 311.

Waldeyer, Die Verind. des Quergestr. Muskelfas. bei Abdom. Typhus
Centralbl., Med. Wissensch., 1865, p. 97, and Virch. Archiv., 1865,
xxxiy. 470.

Weihl, Ueber Wachsart. Degen. der Quergestr. Muskeln, Virchow’s:
Archiv, 1874, lxi. 253.

Zenker, Ueber die Veriind. der Willktirl. Muskeln im Typhus Abdom.,
Leipzig, 1864. See also Archiv. Génér., 1865, pp. 143, 290, and a
résumé in Trousseau, Clin. Med., Eng. ed., ii. 334.

VII. DISEASES OF THE EYE.

Chénu, Rapport, Paris, 1865, pp. 520-3.

Dubois, Relapsing Fever and Ophthalmitis Post-Febrilis in N. Y., Trans.
Amer. Med. Assoc., 1848, p. 373.

+Estlander, Ueber Choroiditis nach Feb. Typhos. Recur., Archiv f. Oph-
thal., 1869, Bd. xv. Abth. ii. 108.

tGillespie, Edinb. Med. Journ., May, 1870, p. 964.

Haenisch, Die Complicat. u. Nachkrankh. der * * Typhus Recurrens,
Deutsch. Archiv Klin. Med., 1874, xv. i. 53.

tHewson, Obs. on History and Treat. of Vener. Ophthal., London, 1814.

Huss, Statist. et Trait. du Typhus et de la Fiév. Typhoide, Paris, 1855.
English ed., London, 1855.

Jacob, On Internal Inflammation of the Eye following Typhus Fever,
Trans. Queen’s Coll. Phys., Ireland, v. 1828.

tJenner, Med. “imes and Gaz., xx. 456.

D

66 THE TONER LECTURES,

Litten, Deutsch Arch. Klin. Med., 1874, xiii. 308.

tLogestschnikow, Ueber Entziind. des Vorder. Abschnit. des Choroidea
als Nachkrankh. des Feb. Recurr., Archiv f. Ophthalm., 1870, xvi. i.
353.

Lyons, On Relapsing Fever, p. 152.

Mackenzie, Post-Febrile Ophthalmitis in Remittent Fever, Lond. Med.
Gaz., 1843, p. 225.

*Munier, Consid. sur les Malad. de 1’Giil Consec. & la Fitvre Typhoide,
Paris, 1874. :

Peltzer, Erkrank. des Choroidal Tractus nach Febris Recurrens, Berlin.
Klin. Woch., 1872, p. 444.

Reid, Clin. Obs. on * * Fever of 1826, Trans. Queen’s Coll. Phys., Ireland,
v. 1828.

Trousseau, De la Fonte de la Cornée dans les Fiévres Putrides, Gaz. des
Hop., 1856, 170, and Cliniq. Méd. de ’H6tel-Dieu, 2d ed., p. 271.

Wallace, On a Peculiar Inflam. Disease of the Eye as a Sequel of Fever.
Med. Chir. Trans., 1828, xiv. 290.

VIII. PHLEGMASIA.

Baginsky, Virch. Archiv, xlix. 522.

{Biumler, Deutsch. Archiv Klin. Med., 1867, iii. 532.

Begbie, The Swelled Leg of Fevers Edinb. Med. Journ., Sept. 1872,
p- 249.

Bennett, Med. Times and Gaz., April, 1857, p. 410.

Bouchut, Gaz. Méd. de Paris, 1845, p. 241.

{Cole, Case of Typhoid Fey. with Thrombosis of Left Innom. Vein, Med.
Times and Gaz., 1875, i. 5.

7Currier, Phlebit. foll. Typhoid F., Vermont Med. Journ., 1874, i. 43-7.

{Driver, Boston Med. Journ., 1872, 306.

’ tHichhorst, Deutsch. Arch. Klin. Med., 1874, xii, 223.

{Fergusson, Amer. Med. Times, 1860, p. 366.

tGairdner, Glasgow Med. Journ., xii. 395, 402.

Gigon, Vide under “ Gangrene.”

Graves, Clin. Med., 2d ed., p. 198.

Graves and Stokes, Dubl. Hosp. Repts., 1830, v. 29-32.

Humphrey, Formation of Clots in Veins during Life, Brit. Med. Journ.,
1859, 582-3.

tJameson, Provine. Med. and Surg. Journ., 1842, y. 207.

tLeMaistre, Bull. Soc. Anat., 1848, p. 159.

Litten, Deutsch. Arch. Klin. Med., 1874, xiii. 307.

Martin, Journ. de Med. Chir. et Pharm., Bruxelles, 1853, p. 405.

{Moore, Irish Hosp. Gaz., 1873, i. 321.

SURGICAL COMPLICATIONS AND SEQUELS OF FEVERS. 67

{Paget, Clin. Lects. and Essays, London, 1875, p. 307, and St. Barth.
Hosp. Rep., ii. 82.

tPerry, Observ. on the present Epidem. of Typhus, Glasgow, 1866.

{Richardson, Penna. Hosp. Repts., 1869, p. 287.

tRussell, Glasg. Med. Journ., 1869, p. 270.

Stewart, Phleg. Dol. after Typhus, Med. Times and Gaz., May 2, 1857.

Stokes, On Fevers, Amer. ed., 1876, p. 245.

Tweedie, Obs. on a Peculiar Swelling of the Lower Extrem. after Fever,
Edin. Med. Journ., 1828, xxx. 258.

fVogel, Deutsch. Archiv Klin. Med. viii., 342.

IX. MISCELLANEOUS.

Andrew, Typhoid with Abscess of Prostate, Lancet, 1871, ii. 712.

fAstbury, Case with Trismus and Amaurosis, Edinb. Med. Journ., 1818,
pp. 158-163, and Lond. Med. Surg. and Pharm. Repos., 1818, pp. 71-3.

tChalot, Typhoid, Perineal Fistula, Gaz. Méd. de Paris, 1875, p. 575.

{DaCosta, Typhus with Opisthotonos, Amer. Journ. Med. Sci., Jan.
1866, p. 44.

Dechange, Typhoide, compliquée d’Abscés & la Region sous-pubienne,
Archiv. Belg. de Méd. Mil., 1861, p. 126.

Delairigre, Observ. d’une Fiévre Ataxique qui s’est Terminé par une
Hydrophobie, Journ. de Méd. Chir. et Pharm., Paris, xiii. an. 15, p.
19. Cf. also R. Reid, Pathol. and Treat. of Fever, Trans. Queen’s
Coll. Phys., Ireland, iii. 41.

tEnglisch, Typhoid, Perineal Fistulee, Wien. Med. Zeit., 1867, viii. 1201,
1259.

*Farssac, Typhoid, Abscess in Hands, etc., Paris, 1872, p.230. (See
under Larynx.)

tFriedreich, Typhoid, Thyroid Abscess, Wtirzb. Verhandl., 1855, xv. 314.

tFraentzel, Hin Fall von Acuter Hiteriger Mediastinitis in Verlauf eines
Ileotyphus, Berl. Klin. Woch., 1874, xi. 9%.

{tGibbs, Case with Trismus, Western Lancet, 1855, xvi. 465.

Guéneau de Mussey, Case of Gangrene of Vulva followed by Complete
Occlusion of Vagina, Gaz. Hebdom., 1867, p. 652.

tHillier, Dis. Children, Typhoid with Abscess in Perineum, Amer. ed.,
p. 340.

tHughes, Typhoid with Abscess of Labium, Med. Times and Gaz., 1851,
ii. 350.

{Janzion, Obser. sur une Fiévre Maligne ou Ataxique ayant le Pria-
pisme pour Principale Symptome pendent la Durée du Redoublement,
Ann. Soc. de Méd. de Montpel., iv. i. 146.

tLebert, Case of Typhoid with Recto-Vaginal Fistula, Anat. Pathol., ii.
307, and pl. cxv.

{Louis, On Typhoid Fever, Case with Tetanic Symptoms, ii. 321.

68 THE TONER LECTURES,

{Maclagan, Case followed by Tetanus, Edinb. Med. Journ., 1867, p. 297.

{tMontault, Case of Typhoid with Emprosthotonus, Journ. Universel et
Hebdom., 1833, p. 516.

{Paulicki, Case of Typhoid with Spasm of Interossei of Hands and Feet,
Memorabil. Heilbroun., June 24, 1869, p. 60.

tSeidler, Typhoid with Rectal Fistula, Rust’s Mag., 1838, li. 541.

{Siredey, Typhoid, Abscess Lab. Maj., Journ. de Méd. et de Chir. prat.,
1873, p. 486.

TSteinbémer, Fall von Wiederholt. auftret. Embolien nach Typhus Ab-
dom. an Sich Selbst Beobachtet, Zeitschr. f. prakt. Heilk., 1866, pp.
109-116.

{Steinthal, Typhoid with Perineal Fistula, Deutsch. Klinik, 1858, p. 111.

Werner, Verbreitet. sinuése Geschwiire auf der Brust, Perfor. vorder.
Mittelfellraum, Plotzlich. Tod an Verblutung, Typhése Geschwiire im
Darm, Med. Corresp. Wiirttemb. Aertzl. Verein, Stuttgart, 1859,
SEX (7.6.

}Wolff, Gangrene Ext. Genitals, Annal. Charité Krankenh. Berlin, iii.
Jahrgang 1852, p. 97.

SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS.
302

THE TONER LECTURES

INSTITUTED TO ENCOURAGE THE DISCOVERY OF NEW TRUTHS

FOR THE ADVANCEMENT OF MEDICINE.

LeEcTuRE VI.

SUBCUTANEOUS SURGERY:

ITS PRINCIPLES, AND ITS RECENT EXTENSION IN PRACTICE.

BY

WILLIAM ADAMS, M.D., F.B.C.S.,

PRESIDENT OF THE MEDICAL SOCIETY OF LONDON,

DELIVERED SEPTEMBER 13, 1876.

WASHINGTON:

SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION.
APRIL, 1877.

ADVERTISEMENT.

Tue “Toner Lectures” have been instituted at Washington,
D. C., by Joseph M. Toner, M.D., who has placed in charge of
a Board of Trustees, consisting of the Secretary of the Smith-
sonian Institution, the Surgeon-General of the United States
Army, the Surgeon-General of the United States Navy, and
the President of the Medical Society of the District of Colum-
bia, a fund, “the interest of which is to be applied for at least
two annual memoirs or essays relative to some branch of medi-
cal science, and containing some new truth fully established by
experiment or observation.”

As these lectures are intended to increase and diffuse knowl-
edge, they have been accepted for publication by the Smith-
sonian Institution in its ‘ Miscellaneous Collections.”

The Frrst Lecture of this series was delivered March 28,
1873, by Dr. J. J. Woopwarp, “On the Structure of Cancer-
ous Tumors and the Mode in which adjacent parts are invaded.”
Published by the Smithsonian Institution, November, 1873.
44 pp. 8vo.

The Seconp LxEcTURE was delivered April 22, 1874, by Dr.
C. E. BrowN-S£QuarD, on the “ Dual Character of the Brain.”
Published by the Smithsonian Institution, January, 1877. 25
pp- 8vo.

The Tutrp LECTURE was delivered May 14, 1874, by Dr. J.
M. Da Cosra, on “Strain and Over-Action of the Heart.”
Published by the Institution, August, 1874. 32 pp. 8vo.

Cui)

iv ADVERTISEMENT,

The Fourta Lecture was delivered January 20, 1875, by
Dr. Horatio C. Woop, on “A Study of the Nature and Me-
chanism of Fever.” Published by the Institution, February,
1875. 48 pp. 8vo.

The Firra LeEcrure was delivered February 17, 1876, by
Dr. Witt1AM W. Keen, “On the Surgical Complications and
Sequels of the Continued Fevers.” Published by the Institu-
tion, April, 1877. 72 pp. 8vo.

JOSEPH HENRY,
Secretary Smithsonian Institution.

SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION,
Washington, April, 1877.

Le Carturk & Vi-

Delivered September 13, 1876,

ON SUBCUTANEOUS SURGERY: ITS PRINCIPLES, AND ITS RECENT
EXTENSION IN PRACTICE.

By WILuLi1am ADAMS, M.D., F.R.C.S,

GENTLEMEN: Before commencing the subject-matter of the
present address, I feel it to be my first duty, and one which
I have the greatest pleasure in performing, to acknowledge
the honor conferred upon me by an invitation to deliver in this
city an address under the auspices of the trustees of the Toner
fund; an endowment which one of your most distinguished
physicians, Dr. Toner, was prompted by a noble spirit to
make for the benefit of mankind, by encouraging efforts for
the advancement of medical science.

The only hesitation which I felt in accepting an invitation,
at once so honorable and gratifying to myself, was that I
might not be able worthily to fulfil its requirements, and I
could hardly hope to offer you an address sufficiently attractive
in the novelty of its subject-matter. However, trusting to the
indulgence of my audience, I will proceed to offer some
observations on a subject which has for many years engaged
my attention, viz. the principles and recent extension in
practice of subcutaneous surgery.

There are a considerable number of surgical operations
which owe their immunity from inflammation, and absolute
freedom from danger, to the fact of their being performed in
such a manner as effectually to exclude the admission of air.
These operations are performed by puncture instead of ex-
ternal incision, a very narrow-bladed knife being used, for most

45 Gl)

2 THE TONER LECTURES.

purposes only an eighth of an inch in width. The puncture
must always be made at a little distance from the structure to
be divided, so that a subcutaneous track exists between the
cutaneous puncture and the structure divided. These opera-
tions are all governed in their mode of performance, the nature
of the reparative process, and their terminations, by the same
general law, and may therefore be grouped together and spoken

of as subcutaneous surgery.
It must not, however, be assumed that the exclusion of air

offers an absolute immunity from inflammation under all
circumstances, and independently of the amount of damage
done to the deeply seated structures, or of the constitutional
condition of the patient.

When the subcutaneous method is applied to the performance
of operations of unusual magnitude, such as division of the
neck of-the thigh-bone, division of the shaft of the femur or
humerus, it would be unreasonable to expect the uniformity in
favorable results which follow the subeutaneous division of
tendons, because the conditions upon which the safety of the
subcutaneous method depends, cannot all be with certainty
fulfilled.

In these large operations the air may be effectually excluded,
but the injury to the deeply seated structures may be excessive,
either from cutting or lacerating by the saw; deep-seated
suppuration, therefore, will occasionally follow such operations,
although the rarity of such a result has astonished every
surgeon who has practised such operations. As we recognize
the importance of the amount of injury inflicted on the deeply
seated structures, in addition to the exclusion of air, it will be
obvious that much will depend upon the skill of the operator ;
and the conditions which must coexist to render the subcuta-
neous operations exempt from inflammation may be stated to

be as follows :—
1. That the knife and other instruments used be of small size.

ON SUBCUTANEOUS SURGERY. 3

2. That the operation must be performed quickly and neatly,
with decision rather than force, and with as little disturbance
to the soft parts as possible.

3. That the wound must be immediately closed, and a
compress and bandage applied so as to support the part and
prevent the effusion of blood under the skin.

4. That perfect quiescence to the part be insured for three
or four days, and the dressing remain undisturbed.

When all these conditions are strictly observed, it matters
little whether large muscles, tendons, ligaments, or bones are
divided, or even whether the large joints of the body are
opened; there is no better established fact in surgical practice
than that subcutaneous wounds seldom inflame or suppurate
when the above-named conditions are fulfilled.

The influence of the exposure to air upon the reparative
process in wounds seems first to have attracted the attention
of that distinguished surgeon and physiologist, John Hunter,
who, observing the vast difference as to the healing process in
wounds exposed to the air and wounds not exposed to the air,
was so deeply impressed with the importance of the subject, as
to make it the basis of his classification of wounds and injuries.
John Hunter, in his “ Treatise on the Blood, Inflammation,
and Gunshot Wounds,” published in the year 1794, points
out as a great fundamental principle, in reference to the
healing of wounds, the difference between two forms of injuries,
of which one is subcutaneous and the other open to the air.
He says: “ The injuries done to sound parts I shall divide
into two sorts, according to the effects of the accident.”

“The first kind consist of those in which the injured parts
do not communicate externally, as concussions of the whole
body or of particular parts, strains, bruises, and simple
fractures, either of bone or tendon, which form a large
division.

“The second consists of those which have an external

4 THE TONER LECTURES.

communication; comprehending wounds of all kinds, and
compound fractures.

“ Bruises which have destroyed the life of the part may be
considered as a third kind; partaking, at the beginning, of the
nature of the first, but finally terminating like the second.

‘* The injuries of the first division, in which the parts do not
communicate externally, seldom inflame; while those of the
second commonly both inflame and suppurate.”"

Here there is a law of the reparative process in these two
great classes of injuries. “In these sentences,” observes Sir
James Paget, “ Hunter has embodied the principle on which
is founded the whole practice of subcutaneous surgery; a
principle, of which, indeed, it seems hardly possible to exagge-
rate the importance.” It is a remarkable fact that Hunter
never applied this law to surgical practice, at least, so far as
we are aware; but it is interesting to know that, in the
experiments he performed on animals for the purpose of
investigating the reparative process in tendons’ (some of the
preparations from which are preserved in the museum of the
Royal College of Surgeons), Hunter divided the tendons
subcutaneously in some instances, and by open-wound in
others, for the sake of comparing the differences in the
reparative process. In “The Life of John Hunter,” by Drewry
Ottley, it is stated that in the year 1757, Hunter ruptured
his Achilles tendon, whilst dancing, and this accident led him
to examine into the process by which divided tendons are
reunited. ‘He divided the same tendon in several dogs, by
introducing a couching-needle under the skin at some distance
from it, and killed the dogs at different periods to see the

progress of the union, which was found to be similar to that

' See “ Hunter’s Works,” by J. F. Palmer, vol. iii. p. 240.

2 “ Lectures on Surgical Pathology,” London, 1853.

8 The Works of Hunter, with notes, by J. F. Palmer, page 34; Lon-
don, 1837,

a i arial ae mei ii

ON SUBCUTANEOUS SURGERY. 5

of fractured bones where the skin is not wounded.” The
illustrations given by Hunter, in proof of the general law
adverted to, are sufliciently conclusive. No surgeon, he tells
us, could have failed to observe the difference between a
simple and a compound fracture, in reference to the progress
and result of the case. How rarely is a simple fracture
followed by suppurative inflammation, and how seldom does
a compound fracture unite without suppuration, even when
the wound is small and apparently insignificant! Here, then,
we have two similar accidents produced in the same way,
by the same amount of mechanical violence; or, it may be
that the simple fracture is occasioned by a greater amount of
mechanical violence than the compound fracture. The only
difference is, that an external wound exists in the one case
and not in the other; yet, how different the results! And
who can suppose that the difference depends upon the additional
injury to the soft parts, skin, and cellular tissue—which alone
distinguishes the compound from the simple fracture? The
exceptional cases in which suppuration occurs after simple
fracture or dislocation are undoubtedly very rare. I have
only seen three cases of this kind, and in each of them the
injuries were associated with an unusual amount of deep
bruising, and this, I believe, sufficiently explains the occur-
rence of suppurative inflammation, the liability to which Hun-
ter described in the class of bruises, or contused wounds.

Two of these cases were the result of railway accidents;
one a fracture of the humerus, which seemed to progress
favorably, but suppuration at the seat of fracture occurred,
and the individual died of pyzemia on the tenth day ; several
ribs were also fractured, and he had sustained other injuries.

The other case was one of dislocation of the hip-joint, which
we were not able to reduce; other injuries existed, and I had
previously amputated the opposite leg. The efforts at reduc-
tion could not be continued in consequence of the sinking

condition of the patient, who, however, survived eight days,

6 THE TONER LECTURES.

and then it was found that suppuration in the hip-joint had
taken place. The third case was also one of fractured hume-
rus in an old gentleman over seventy years of age, a tall and
heavy man, a colonel in the Indian army, who fell down a stone
staircase. No other important injuries were sustained, but the
bruising was extensive, and a large amount of extravasated
blood existed at the seat of fracture, where suppuration occurred,
and he died from exhaustion; his general condition precluded
amputation.

The occurrence of deep bruising by which the vitality of

the tissue is seriously impaired, together with the presence of °

extravasated blood, which, under such circumstances, will
sometimes break down, is, I believe, a correct and sufficient
explanation of the occurrencé of suppuration in these subcu-
taneous injuries. The suppuration in these cases is clearly
independent of the admission of air, and therefore does not
admit of explanation by the germ-theory so strongly advo-
eated by Professor Lister of Edinburgh. Professor Lister,
indeed, thinks that we should effectually guard against the
occasional suppuration which is known to occur after subcu-
taneous operations, by adopting the antiseptic method, and
operating under the carbolic or antiseptic spray. My belief is,
however, that the antiseptic principle superadded to the sub-
cutaneous would afford no additional protection, and to me it
seems like gilding pure gold. Although I admit the great
value of Prof. Lister’s antiseptic method, especially when
carried out by himself with all the attention to the minutest
details which he bestows, and have no hesitation in stating
that when in Edinburgh, a year ago, I witnessed a larger
number of good results after capital operations, such as ampu-
tations, excisions, ligature of arteries, etc., than I have ever
seen before under any other treatment, I cannot but think
that the only cases at all connected with the class of opera-

tions we are now considering, to which it would be applicable,

ON SUBCUTANEOUS SURGERY. T

are those of an imperfectly subcutaneous character, such as a
case of osteotomy in which the gimlet and chisel are used, and
repeatedly introduced, and reintroduced during a prolonged
operation. In this class, additional protection would probably
be afforded by the addition of the antiseptic method.

Within the last few months I have been present at two
operations for subcutaneous osteotomy, in London, one by
Mr. Willett, at St. Bartholomew’s Hospital, in which he
divided the neck of the femur upon the method recommended
by myself; and one by Mr. Croft, at St. Thomas’s Hospital, in
which he divided the shaft of the femur just below the small
trochanter, according to Dr. Gant’s method ; and the antiseptic
method was carefully employed in both these operations, yet
deep suppuration occurred in both instances. I have now given
a few general illustrations of the subcutaneous law of the re-
parative process, and have alluded to the exceptional cases in
which suppuration occurs, without any fear that the truth of
the observations made by Hunter, that subcutaneous wounds
seldom inflame, and that wounds exposed to the air commonly
both inflame and suppurate, will be doubted by any scientific
surgeon.

We now approach another and extremely interesting part
of these inquiries in a scientific point of view, viz., the phy-
siology and pathology of the subject in reference first to the
modus operandi of atmospheric air in the production of
inflammation; and second, the differences observed on micro-
scopical examination, in the mode of development of the
material effused during the reparative process in subcutaneous
and open wounds, corresponding to the differences in the
clinical history of these two classes of injuries. The first
question is then, how does the air act in exciting inflamma-
tion? First, is it merely the presence of the air acting, quoad

air, by virtue of its chemical constitution—the action of its

8 THE TONER LECTURES.

oxygen upon the blood and cut surfaces producing chemical
changes? Or, second, does the injurious action of the air de-
pend upon the presence of minute organisms floating in it, and
when brought into contact with cut surfaces, acting like the
yeast-plant in the ordinary process of fermentation, and pro-
ducing irritation and decomposition of the organic elements of
the tissues with which they are brought in contact—in short
the so-called germ-theory of putrefaction, fermentation, and
disease? Third, is the mere contact of the air with divided
surfaces, but without external wound, sufficient to produce
inflammation? Or, fourth, is it necessary that the continued
exposure to the air which external wounds generally involve,
should exist as an essential condition to the production of in-
flammation ?

It would be impossible to enter at length into all the details
necessary to the solution of these questions, if indeed they
are yet capable of solution; but in reference to the first—I
may state in favor of the direct action of the oxygen of the
air, and on the authority of the late Dr. Snow, so well known
for his early labors on the production of anesthesia and the
action and administration of chloroform and other substances,
that, in a course of experiments performed by Jean Ingen
Housz, a Dutch physician, in the latter part of the last century,
it has been shown, that when a blistered surface is exposed to
nitrogen gas, the pain is diminished, when exposed to the
atmosphere it is increased, and when exposed to oxygen gas
it is still further increased. Being desirous of verifying
these experiments, I agreed with Dr. Snow to repeat them,
and, on the 27th May, 1857, applied a blister, the size of a
half-crown, on tke outer side of my left arm, and on the 28th,
the experiments were conducted by Dr. Snow, and the sub-
joined description written out by him from my account of the
effects produced by the gases and vapors employed.

May 28, 1857: the cuticle was stripped off from the small

blister which had been raised in the arm, and the raw and

ON SUBCUTANEOUS SURGERY. 9

inflamed surface was consequently exposed to the air; a sensa-
tion of smarting, heat, and pricking was felt. The blistered
part was covered with a small glass jar, into which nitrogen
gas was introduced from another jar communicating with it
by means of a stopcock, and an elastic tube. In two or three
minutes the smarting and pricking were removed, a sensation
of comfortable warmth was experienced when the attention
was directed to it, but at other times, there was hardly any
sensation. The nitrogen was appled for twelve minutes, and
the relief continued to the end of the application. The nitro-
gen gas was then displaced by oxygen from another jar.
There was a little return of pricking at the moment when
the gas was introduced. The oxygen was continued for ten
minutes, during which time the pricking and warmth remained.
The glass being removed, a current of oxygen was applied
from the end of a tube and the part smarted a little more after:
this. The oxygen was applied again in the jar; it occasioned
a sensation of heat to discomfort without smarting or pricking.

After the blister had been exposed for a short time to the
common air, hydrogen gas was applied in a jar, in the same
manner as the other gases; in the trial, smarting and pricking
diminished.

After the blistered surface had been again exposed to the
air for a short time, carbonic acid gas was applied. It caused
decided increase of smarting, which changed to a sense of heat.
In three minutes the smarting was quite gone, and the heat
had subsided to a gentle warmth. The above experiments
confirm the observations of Ingen Housz. They show that nitro-
gen, hydrogen, and carbonic acid gases relieve and prevent
the smarting which atmospheric air causes on an abraded
surface, the last of these gases, however, having an irritant
effect in the first instance, before its soothing or narcotic
influence is developed. Pure oxygen gas caused more pain

than atmospheric air. Although these experiments were per-

10 THE TONER LECTURES. ‘

formed nearly twenty years ago, I have a very lively recollec-
tion of the painful, smarting, pricking, and sensation of heat
occasioned by the oxygen gas, and the soothing effect of the
carbonic acid gas. The vapor of amyline and also chloroform
vapor was afterwards applied. They both irritated and caused
a burning and smarting sensation; the chloroform more so
than the amyline. When the surface of the sore was touched
with the finger after the application of chloroform, distinct
sensation was found to be present. The smarting quickly
subsided during the application of carbonic acid gas. I have
always relied upon the explanation of oxygen and moisture as
sufficient to account for the decomposition of animal and
vegetable substances exposed to their influence, and therefore
have always taken care to avoid as much as possible the ex-
posure of wounds to air and water, and when cut surfaces are
necessarily exposed to their influence for some time, as in
surgical operations, I always, before closing the wound, wash
the surface with some antiseptic lotion—with carbolic acid, one
part in forty; or chloride of zine lotion, one part in forty—
which will prevent decomposition of fluids remaining in the
wound, the exuded serum, and the water; and’ this practice I
shall always continue to adopt, whether the explanation be
purely chemical or upon the germ theory, as it undoubtedly
promotes a rapid and healthy reparative process.

With respect to the second question, as to whether the
action of the air in producing inflammation is to be explained by
the germ-theory, it is certain that amongst our best observers
and scientific investigators, much difference of opinion still
exists, and it will be long before the germ-theory of putrefac-
tive fermentation in wounds will receive the general support
of the profession. Nevertheless, the valuable and numerous
experiments performed by Pasteur and Professor Lister on

the action of filtered and unfiltered atmospheric air when

, ON SUBCUTANEOUS SURGERY. 11

brought into contact with organic fluids of vegetable and
animal origin, have carried the conviction of the truth of the
germ-theory to many minds; and the practical application of
it to surgical practice is undoubtedly spreading in the profes-
sion, through the untiring zeal and enthusiasm with which
Professor Lister endeavors to instruct the profession in all
the details and minutise which he has found to be necessary

to the successful application of his method, both in operating

‘and in the dressing of wounds.

Then with regard to the third question, which relates to
the conditions necessary to the irritating influence of the air,
it must be admitted that the mere contact of the air with
divided surfaces, but without an external wound, is not
sufficient to produce inflammation, or, at least, that it seldom
does so. Of this we see evidence in ordinary cases of emphy-
sema connected with fractured ribs, in which, as a rule, no
inflammation of the cellular tissue follows, though the emphy-
sema may be very extensive.

Abundant evidence of the same fact was supplied by Mal-
gaigne, in the important discussion on the ‘Subcutaneous
Method,” as M. Guérin called it, which took place in the
“ Académie de Médecine” of Paris in the year 1857. M.
Malgaigne brought forward a series of experiments on animals,
first rendered emphysematous, and then subjected to various
subcutaneous operations, so that the air was in contact with
the cut surfaces, fractured bones etc.; no inflammation fol-
lowed.

The explanation which the advocates of the germ-theory
would probably give, would be that in emphysema, the ex-
travasated air in contact with fractured bone or cut surfaces
has undergone a process of filtration, and that the filtered
air deprived of its germs is harmless.

M. Malgaigne came forward as the opponent of the extended

12 THE TONER LECTURES. 4

application of the subcutaneous method advocated by M. Gué-
rin,’ and furnished us with a historical résumé of the opinions
of the older surgeons who have advocated, as well as of those
who have denied, the injurious influence of the air upon the
healing of wounds. In this réswmé are included the most
interesting points in the history of subcutaneous operations ;
but time will not permit me to enter upon this part of our
subject.

With respect to the fourth query, as to the necessity of
prolonged exposure to the air, as essential to the production
of inflammation, there can be no doubt that the prolonged
exposure of a wound to the air is invariably followed by
inflammation and generally by suppuration, and there can be
as little doubt that this was the condition to which Hunter
especially referred; whilst, on the other hand, open wounds
which are quickly closed proceed as favorably in the reparative
process in a large majority of cases, as subcutaneous wounds.
Prolonged exposure to air cannot, however, be regarded as an
essential condition to the production of inflammation in wounds.

The next subject to which I would direct attention is the
pathology, or I might call it the physiological pathology of
the reparative process in relation to the subcutaneous method.
M. Guérin’? was undoubtedly the first to call attention to the
perfection of the reparative process in subcutaneous operations,
and what he called ‘the immediate organization,” 7. e., the
exudation and development of a reparative material indepen-
dently of inflammatory products, which is utilized in the re-
generation of tissue, such as tendon, nerve, bone, and cellular
tissue, in the most perfect manner.

We see the reparative process in wounds, under various

conditions, proceeding with or without inflammation. The

1 Bulletin de "Académie Impériale de Médecine, vol. xxii. pp. 427-
724, 1857.
2 Hssais sur la méthode sous-cutanie ; Paris, 1841.

ON SUBCUTANEOUS SURGERY. 13

e

relation of the reparative process to that of inflammation has
been most carefully studied by Sir James Paget, whose investi-
gations, both experimental and clinical, concerning the general
pathology of the reparative process in all its phases, are well
known. It may, at the present time, be regarded as an
established doctrine, deduced directly from pathological and
clinical observation, that the reparative process in wounds, the
result either of accident or surgical operations, is more perfect
in proportion to the absence of inflammation, and that the
danger arising from wounds very much depends upon the
extent of the inflammatory complications.

Microscopical examination of the material effused during

the reparative process, in the two great classes of wounds—

viz., the open and the subcutaneous—has confirmed the accu-
racy of the law, which expresses the difference in the mode of
development—perhaps indicating differences in the nature of
the material effused for the purpose of repair in these two
classes of wounds. The observation of this fact is due to Sir
James Paget, who states “that the materials produced for the
repair of open wounds are not usually the same, or, at least,
do not develop themselves in the same manner as those for
the repair of closed or subcutaneous ones.’* The general
truth appears to be that the material of repair, for subcuta-
neous wounds of the soft parts, is developed through the
formation of nucleated blastema; while that for repair by
primary adhesion and by granulation, is developed through
nucleated cells.

I need only observe that the process of development through
large nucleated cells, which gradually elongate and form deli-
cate filaments, is the process by which cellular adhesions are
formed from inflammatory lymph as in inflammation of serous

membranes ete., and by which granulation and cicatrization

1 Lectures on Surgical Pathology, vol. i. p. 172.

14 THE TONER LECTURES.

take place in open wounds. When inflammation exists, there-
fore, this mode of development is always found, and it appears
to be a less perfect process of healing than that accomplished
through nucleated blastema, a material which Sir James Paget
proposed to distinguish by the name of reparative lymph. In
this material small oval and elongated nuclei are formed, which
are easily rendered distinct by acetic acid, but the large nucle-
ated cells do not appear. The ultimate disposition of these
nuclei is uncertain; Sir James Paget thinks they shrivel and
disappear; but Henle describes them as developing into fibres,
and with this view I am disposed to agree, from my own obser-
vation in numerous experiments which I have performed on
rabbits."

The nucleated blastema is the material from which bonds of
connection are formed after subcutaneous operations ; divided
tendons and muscles are thus connected. The process of
development through nucleated blastema is found proceeding
in all subcutaneous operations, in proportion to the absence
of inflammation. When inflammation takes place in subcu-
taneous operations, the two processes may coexist, and their
products mingle, but Sir James Paget observes “ they bear an
inverse proportion to each other, and the more manifest the
signs of inflammation, the less the quantity of the proper
reparative material and the slower in the end the process of
repair.”

Having thus shown that the reparative process after subcu-
taneous operations, proceeds more perfectly than that after
open wounds, in the formation of a connecting bond of union
between the divided structure, and to the perfect regeneration
of structure where this is possible, as in tendons, bones, nerves,

and cellular tissue, we can understand the importance attached

' See Trans. Path. Soc., vol. vi. for account of “a series of experi.
ments illustrating the reparative process in the tendons of rabbits aftey
division by subcutaneous and open wounds, read May 1, 1855; and also
a work “On the Reparative Process in Human Tendons,” by W. Adams,
p. 87. J. Churchill, London, 1860.

ON SUBCUTANEOUS SURGERY. 15

by M. Guérin to what he describes as the “ immediate organi-
zation.”

The subcutaneous law in its full breadth and _ practical
significance was more fully recognized by M. Guérin than by
any other authority, and it is undoubtedly to him that we owe
the first attempt to bring together in one group the facts
observed in subcutaneous injuries and subcutaneous opera-
tions, and generalizing from the facts presented, to show that,
for the immunity from inflammation which they enjoy, and the
perfection of the reparative process, such wounds especially
depend upon the same general law. Although I refuse to
admit M. Guérin’s claim to originality in the discovery of the
subcutaneous law, which is purely Hunterian, there can be no
doubt that for its development and surgical application we are
principally indebted to the labors of M. Guérin.

If time permitted, it would be interesting here to pass in
review, perhaps in chronological order, the surgical operations
performed on the subcutaneous principle, but they are too
numerous to admit of this, and I will, therefore, merely refer
to the more important and familiar examples, such as subcu-
taneous tenotomy, the subcutaneous operations for the removal
of loose cartilages from the knee-joint ; a large number of ope-
rations in ophthalmic surgery; the subcutaneous operation for
the radical cure of hernia, as well as those for ununited fracture,
varicose veins, nevi, and also for the obliteration of depressed
cicatrices; the subcutaneous method of opening abscesses and
cystic tumors; the subcutaneous division of stricture; and also
several operations of a more or less perfectly subcutaneous
character, which have been performed in cases of anchylosis of
the hip, knee, and elbow-joints, in severe rachitic distortion of
the tibia, in severe knock-knee, and some other analogous affec-
tions. The last mentioned operations are collectively spoken
of as subcutaneous osteotomy, and with very few exceptions

Shey have proved to be as safe as subcutaneous tenotomy.

SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS.
eo 5)

Lis tf

FOREIGN CORRESPONDENTS

OF THE

SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION.

CORRECTED TO JANUARY, 1878.

[FIFTH EDITION.]

WASHINGTON:
SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION.

MARCH, 1878,

ADVERTISEMENT.

Tue following publication is a list of the foreign establishments with
which the Smithsonian Institution is, at the present time, in correspond-
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its knowledge having for their object the increase or diffusion cf knowl-
edge, or from which serial publications have been received up to the’
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As new editions of the list will be published from time to time, the
Smithsonian Institution desires to receive any information relative to
new addresses, changes of title or character of the old ones, typograph-
ical errors, etc.

JOSEPH HENRY,
Secretary S. 1.

SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION,
WaAsuINnGton, January, 1878.

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PHILADELPHIA:
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CONTENTS.

AFRICA ‘ : ‘ .
Norro AMERICA .
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Mexico
West Indies
SourtH AMERICA
ASIA . = : °
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EvRoPE
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76
77
78
86
90
92

94

- 101
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« 109
a LAO

aioe

OF

FOREIGN CORRESPONDENTS.

AFRICA.

ALGERIA.
Algiers—Bibliothéque de la Ville d’Alger (City Library).

Ecole de Médecine et de Pharmacie d’Alger ‘Université de
France) (School of Medicine and Pharmacy).

Observatoire National d’ Alger (National Observatory).

Société d’ Agriculture d’ Alger (Agricultural Society).

Société Algérienne de Climatologie, Sciences, Physiques et Nat-
urelles (Meteorological, Physical, and Natural History So-
ciety).

Constantine—Société Archéologique de la Province de Constantine
(Archeological Society).

CAPE COLONY.

Cape Town—(Cape of Good Hope)—Agricultural Society.
Gill College, Somerset Hast.
Royal Observatory.
South African Museum.
South Africa Public Library.
St. Helena—Magnetic and Meteorological Observatory.
St. Helena Library.

EGYPT.
Alexandria—Institut Kgyptienne (Institute of Eyypt).
Société Khédiviale de Géographie (Geographical Society).
(1)

2 LIST OF FOREIGN CORRESPONDENTS.

Cairo—The Khedive of Egypt.
Bibliothéque Centrale (Central Library),
Bureau Central de Statistique (Central Statistical Bureau).
Egyptian Society.
Musée de Boulaq (Museum of Boulagq).
Observatoire Khédivial ( Observatory).

LIBERIA.
Monrovia—Government Library.

MAURITIUS.

Pamplemouses— Meteorological Observatory.

Port Louis—Meteorological Society of Mauritius.
Royal Society of Arts and Sciences.

BRITISH AMERICA.

NORTH AMERICA.

BRITISH AMERICA.

CANADA.

Montreal ( Quebec)—Department of Public Instruction.
Geological Survey of Canada.
McGill College.
Natural History Society.
Numismatic and Antiquarian Society.
Société Historique de Montreal.
Legislative Library of the Province of Quebec.
Quebec (Quebec)—Literary and Historical Society.
Université-Laval.
Ottowa (Ontario)—Library of Parliament.
Toronto (Ontario)—Canadian Institute.
Entomological Society of Ontario.
Fruit-Growers’ Association of Ontario.
Magnetical Observatory.
Meteorological Office of the Dominion of Canada.
University College.

NEW BRUNSWICK.

Fredericton—University of New Brunswick.

NEWFOUNDLAND.
St. John’s—Geological Survey of Newfoundland.

NOVA SCOTIA.

Halifax—Department of Mines
Nova Scotian Institute of Natural Sciences.

4 LIST OF FOREIGN CORRESPONDENTS.

CENTRAL AMERICA.

COSTA RICA.
San José—University of Costa Rica.

GUATEMALA.

Guatemala—Sociedad Economica de Amigos del Pais (Economical
Society).

MEXICO. a tae

MEXICO.

Mexico (Mexico)—Academia de Médicina (Academy of Medicine).

Asociacion Medico Quirurgica ‘‘ Larrey.” (Medico- Chirurgical

Society).

Colegio de Mineria (School of Mines).

El Museo Nacional (National Museum).

Escuela de Agricultura (Agricultural College).

Mexican Government.

Ministerio de Fomento, Colonizacion, Industria y Comercio (De-

partment of Industry and Commerce).

Sociedad Filoiatrica y de Beneficencia de los Alumnos de la

Escuela de Medicina (Alumni Society of the Medical College).

Sociedad Humboldt (Humboldt Society).

Sociedad Médica (Medical Society).

Sociedad Mexicana de Geografia y Estadistica (Society of Geog-

raphy and Statistics).

Sociedad Mexicana de Historia Natural (Society of Natural

History).

Sociedad Minera Mexicana (Mineralogical Society).
Guadalajara—Sociedad Medica de Guadalajara (Medical Society).
Guanajuata—Colegio de Guanajuata (College).

Toluca—Instituto Literario del Estado de Mexico (Literary Institute).

6 LIST OF FOREIGN CORRESPONDENTS.

WEST INDIES.

CUBA.

Habana (Havana)—Academia de Ciencias Médicas Fisicas y Natu-
rales de la Habana (Academy of Medical, Physical, and Natu-
ral Sciences). .

Inspeccion General de Telegrafos (Jnspector-General of Tele-
graphs).

Observatorio Magnético y Meteoroldgico del Real Colegio de
Belen (Magnetic and Meteorological Observatory).

Real Observatorio Fisico-Meteoroldgico de la Habana (Physico-
Meteorological Observatory).

Real Sociedad Hconémica de la Habana (Economical Society).

Real Universidad de la Habana ( University).

JAMAICA.
Kingston—Royal Society of Arts of Jamaica.

TRINIDAD.
Port of Spain—Scientific Association of Trinidad.

BRAZIL. v

SOUTH AMERICA.

ARGENTINE REPUBLIC.

Buenos Aires—Académie des Sciences (Academy of Sciences).
Asociacion Médica Bonaereuse (Medical Association).
Biblioteca Nacional (National Library).

Biblioteca Publica (Public Library).

Instituto Histdérico Geogr&fico del Rio de la Plata (Historical
and Geographical Institute).

Museo Publico de Buenos Aires (Public Museum).

Sociedad Paleontoldgica de Buenos Aires (Paleontological So-
ciety).

Sociedad Rural Argentina (Agricultural Society).

Sociedad Zooldégica Argentina (Zoological Society).

Statistical Bureau.

Universidad de Buenos Aires (University).

Cordoba—Academia Nacional de Ciencias Exactes (National Aca-

demy of Sciences).

Argentine Meteorological Office.

Observatorio Nacional Argentino’ (National Observatory).

BOLIVIA.

Chuquisaca—University.

BRAZIL.

Rio Janeiro—Emperor of Brazil.
British Library.
Geological Commission.
Government of Brazil.
Historical, Geographical, and Ethnographical Institute.
National Museum.
Nautical Observatory.
Palaestra Scientific Society.
Royal Geographical Society.
Auxiliary Society of National Industry.

8 LIST OF FOREIGN CORRESPONDENTS.

BRITISH GUIANA.

Georgetown—Observatory.
Queen’s College.
Royal Agricultural and Commercial Society.

CHILE.
Santiago—Academia Militar (Military Academy).
Biblioteca Nacional (National Library).
El Plano Topografico (Topographical Bureau).
Ministro de Instruccion Publica (Minister of Public Instruction).
Museo Nacional (Nationa? Museum).
Observatorio Nacional de Santiago (National Observatory).
Sociedad de Historia Natural (Society of Natural History).
Universidad de Chile (University of Chile).

COLOMBIA.

Bogota—Republic of Colombia.
Sociedad de Naturalistas Columbianos (Society of Naturalists).

Medellin (Antioquia)—University of Antioquia.

DUTCH GUIANA.
Paramaribo (Surinam)—Suyinaamsche Koloniale Bibliotheek (Co-
lonial Library).
ECUADOR.
Quito—Observatorio del Colegio Nacional (National Observatory).

PERU.

Lima—Cuerpo de Ingenieras del Perti (Bureau of Engineers).
National Library.
Statistical Bureau.
Universidad ( University).

VENEZUELA.

Caracas—Sociedad de Ciencias Fisicas y Naturales de Caracas (So-
ciety of Physical and Natural Sciences).
Sociedad Economica de Amigos del Pais (Economical Society).

CHINA—INDIA.

ASIA.

CHINA.
Shanghai—Royal Asiatic Society of China (North China Branch).

INDIA.

Allahabad—Mission College.
Batticotta (Ceylon)—Jaffna College.
Benares—Sanscrit College.
Bombay—Bombay Government.
. Bombay University.
Geographical Society.
Government Central Museum.
Magnetical and Meteorological Observatory.
Royal Asiatic Society (Bombay Branch).
Sassoon Mechanics’ Institute.
Sir Jamsedji Jijibhai Translation Fund.
Caleutta—Asiatic Society of Bengal. .
Agricultural and Horticultural Society of India.
Geological Survey of India.
Government of Bengal.
Indian Medical Gazette.
Indian Museum.
Medical and Physical Society.
Meteorological Office.
Colombo—Royal Asiatic Society (Ceylon Branch).
Dehra Doon—Great Trigonometrical Survey of India.
Goa—KHscola Medico-Cirurgica (Medical-Chirurgical School).
Kurrachee—General Library and Museum

Madras—Government Central Museum.
Literary Society.
Madras Observatory.

Neilgherries—Public Library.

10 LIST OF FOREIGN CORRESPONDENTS.

Rourkee—Thomason College of Civil Hngineering.

Trevandrum—trevandrum Museum.
Trevandrum Opservatory.

JAPAN.

Tokio—Tokio Kaisei-Gakko (Imperial University of Tokio).
Tokio Library.
Yedo—Emperor of Japan.
Deutsche Gesellschaft fiir Natur und Vélkerkunde Ost-Asien’s
(German Society of Natural History and pee of
Eastern Asia).
Imperial Japanese University.

Yokohama—Asiatic Society of Japan.

JAVA.

Batavia— Bataviaasch Genootschap van Kunsten en Wetenschappeh

(Academy of Arts and Sciences).

Geneeskundige Vereeniging in Nederlandsch-Indié (Medical
Association).

Koninlijke Naturkundige Vereeniging in Nederlandsch-Indié
(Natural History Society).

Magnetical and Meteorological Observatory (JMagnetical and
Meteorological Observatory).

Nederlandsch-Indische Maatschappij van Nijverheid en Land-
bouw (Industrial Society).

PHILIPPINE ISLANDS.

Manila—Horto Botanico Manilensis (Botanical Garden).
Observatorio Meteorologico del Ateneo Municipal ( Meteoroloyi-
cal Observatory).
Royal Economical Society of the Philippine Islands (Zconomical
Society).

AUSTRALIA. 1g

AUSTRALASIA.

AUSTRALIA.

NEW SOUTH WALES.
Sydney—Agricultural Society of New South Wales.

Australian Museum.

Government Observatory.

Linnean Society of New South Wales.

New South Wales Government.
Philosophical Society of New South Wales.
Royal Society of New South Wales.
University of Sydney.

Windsor—Private Observatory of John Tebbutt.

QUEENSLAND.
Brisbane—Government Meteorological Observatory.

SOUTH AUSTRALIA.

Adelaide—Adelaide Philosophical Society.
Astronomical Observatory.
Government of South Australia.
North Adelaide Educational Institution.
Parliamentary Library.

VICTORIA.
Emerald Hill—Mechanics’ Institute.

Melbourne—Australian Government.
Botanical Garden.
Melbourne Observatory.
Mining Department.
National Museum of Victoria.
Natural History Society.
Public Library.
Royal Society of Victoria.
University of Melbourne.
Zoological and Acclimatization Society of Victoria.

12 LIST OF FOREIGN CORRESPONDENTS.

NEW ZEALAND.

Auckiand—Auckland Institute.
U.S. Consul.
Christchurch—Canterbury Museum.
Geological Survey of the Province of Canterbury.
Philosophical Institute of Canterbury.
Dunedin ( Otago)—Otago Institute.
Otago Museum.
Nelson—Nelson Association for the Promotion of Science and In-
dustry.
Nelson Institute.
Wellington—Colonial Museum and Geological Survey Department.
Government of New Zealand.
New Zealand Institute.
Parliamentary Library.
Wellington Philosophical Society.
Westland Naturalists’ and Acclimatization Society.

TASMANIA.

Hobarton—Magnetic and Meteorological Observatory.
Mechanics’ Institute. :
Royal Society of Tasmania.
Tasmanian Public Library.

Launceston—Launceston Public Library.
Mechanics’ Institute and School of Arts.

BELGIUM. 13

EUROPE.

BELGIUM.

Anvers (Antwerp)—Académie @’ Archéologie de Belgique (Academy
of Archeology of Belyium).

Académie Royale des Beaux-Arts (Royal Academy of Fine Arts).

Bibliothéque Publique de la Ville (Public Library of the City).

Cercle Artistique, Littéraire et Scientifique d’Anvers (Artistic,

Literary, and Scientific Society).

Société Belge de Géographie (Geographical Society).

Société de Médecine (Medical Society).

Société “de Olyftak” (Society of “ Olyftak’’).

Société de Pharmacie (Pharmaceutical Society).

Société de Vlaemsche Vrienden (Society of Vlaemsche Vrienden).

Société Royale pour l’Encouragement des Beaux-Arts (Joyal

Society for the Encouragement of the Fine Arts).

Société Royale d’Horticulture et d’Agriculture (Royal Society

of Horticulture and Agriculture).

Société Royale de Zoologie (Royal Zoological Society).
Arlon—Bibliothéque Publique (Public Library).
Ath—Bibliothéque Publique (Public Library).
Audenarde—Bibliothéque Publique (Public Library). —

Bruges—Administration Communale de Bruges (City Government).
Bibliothéque Publique (Public Library).
Cercle Artistique et Littéraire (Artistie and Literary Circle).
Société d’ Emulation pour l'étude de I’ Histoire et des Antiquités
de la Flandre (Society for studying the History and Antiquities
of Flanders).
Société pour |’ Encouragement des Beaux-Arts et de la Littérature
(Society for the Promotion of the Fine Arts and Literature).
Société d’ Horticulture et de la Botanique (Society of Horticul-
ture and Botany).
Société Médico-chirurgicale de Bruges (Medico-Chirurgical So-
ciety of Bruges).
47

14 LIST OF FOREIGN CORRESPONDENTS.

Bruxelles (Brussels) —Académie Royale des Sciences, des Lettres et
des Beaux-Arts de Belgique (Royal Academy of Sciences,
Letters, and Fine Arts of Belgium).

Bibliothéque de la Chambre des Représentants (Library of the
House of Representatives).

Bibliothéque Royale de Belgique (Royal Library of Belgium).

Bibliothéque de Université (Library of the University).

Cercle Artistique et Littéraire (Artistic and Literary Circle).

Commission Administrative du Musée Royale de 1’ Industrie
(Administrative Commission of the Royal Museum of Manu-
Jactures, etc.). .

Commission des Annales des Travaux Publiques (Commission
of Public Works),

Commission Centrale de Statistique (Central Commission of
Statistics).

Commission Royale d’ Histoire (Royal Commission of History).

Ktablissement Géographique de Bruxelles (Geographic Estab-
lishment of Brussels). .

Fédération des Sociétés d’ Horticulture de Belgique ( Confedera-
tion of the Horticultural Societies of Belgium).

Government of Belgium.

Musée Royal d’Antiquités, d’Armures et d’Artillerie (2oyal
Museum of Antiquities, Armor, and Ordnance).

Musée Royal d’Histoire Naturelle (Royal Museum of Natural
History).

Observatoire Royal (Royal etal ease

Société Anatomo-pathologique de Bruxelles (Anatomo-Patholog-
ical Society of Brussels).

Société Belge de Geographie (Belgie Geographical Society).

Société Belge de Médecine Homeopathique (Belgic Society of
Homeopathic Medical Science).

Société Centrale d’ Agriculture de Belgique (Central Agricul-
tural Society).

Société Centrale des Instituteurs Belges (Central Association of
Belgian Teachers).

Société pour |’Encouragement des Arts Industriels (Society for
the Promotion of Industrial Arts).

Société Entomologique de Belgique (2ntomological Society of
Belgium).

Société del’ Histoire de Belgique (Historical Society of Belgium).

Société Malacologique de Belen (Malacological Society of
Belgium).

BELGIUM. 15

Société Royale de Numismatique Belge (Royal Numismatic So-
ciety of Belgium).

Société Royale de Pharmacie de Bruxelles (Royal Society of
Pharmacy of Brussels).

Société Royale de Botanique de Belgique (Ioyal Society of Bot-
any of Belgium).

Société Royale de Flore (Royal Society of Flora).

Société Royale d’ Horticulture (Royal Horticultural Society).

Société Royale Linnéenne de Bruxelles (Royal Linnean Society
of Brussels).

Société Royale protectrice des Animaux (Royal Society for the
Protection of Animals).

Société Royale de Zoologie, d’ Horticulture et d’Ornement (Royal
Society of Zoology, Horticulture, and Ornamental Arts).

Société Royale des Sciences Médicales et Naturelles (Royal
Society of Medical and Natural Sciences). ;

Société Vésalienne ( Vesalienne Society).

Charleroi—Bibliothéque Publique (Public Litrary).
Société Paléontologique et Archéologique de |’ Arrondissement
(Palzontological and Archeological Society of the District).

Courtray—Bibliothéque Publique ( Public Library).
Furnes—Bibliothéque Publique (Public Library).

Gand (Ghent)—Administration de la Revue et des Archives de Droit
International et de Législation comparée (Administration of
the Revisal and Records of International Law and Compara-
tive Legislation).

Maatschappij van Nederlandsche Letterkunde en Geschiedenis
(Society of the Literature and History of Netherlands).

Société d’ Histoire Naturelle (Society of Natural History).

Société de Médecine (Medical Society).

Société Royale d’ Agriculture et de Botanique (Joyal Society of
Agriculture and Botany).

Société Royale des Beaux-Arts et de Littérature (Joyal Society
of Fine Arts and Literature).

Société de Vlaemsche ( Society of Flemings).

Société: Het Willems fonds ( Willems-fund [Philological] Soct-
ety).

Hasselt—Bibliothéque Communale (City Library).

Bibliothéque Publique (Public Library).

16 LIST OF FOREIGN CORRESPONDENTS.

Liége—Association des Ingenieurs sortis de 1’Heole de Liége (Associa-

tion of Engineers of the School of Liege).

Comité du Cercle Industriel ( Committee of the Industrial Circle).

Conseil de Salubrité publique de la Province de Liége (Board of
Public Health of the Province of Liege).

Institut Archéologique Liégeois (Archxological Institute of
Liege).

Société Géologique de Belgique ( Geological Society of Belgium).

Société libre d’Hmulation pour ]’Encouragement des Lettres,
Sciences, et Beaux-Arts (Pree Emulative Society for the Pro-
motion of Letters, Sciences, and the Fine Arts). j

Société Liégeois de Littérature Wallonne (Liege Society of Wal-
loon Literature).

Société de Médecine (Medical Society).

Société Royale d’ Horticulture (Joyal Horticultural Society).

Société Royale des Sciences (Royal Society of Sciences).

Société des Sciences Naturelles (Society of Natural Sciences).

Université de 1’ tat ( University).

Lokeren—Bibliothéque Publique (Public Library).

Louvain—Bibliothéque Publique (Public Library).
Société Littéraire de l’ Université Catholique (Literary Society of
the Catholic University).
Université Catholique ( Catholic University).
Studenten-Genootschap der Katholicke Hooge-School met Tijd
en Vlijt (Society of Students of the Catholic High School).

Melle (near Gand )—Commercial and Industrial Museum.

Mons—Bibliothéque Publique (Public Library).

Cercle Archéologique (Archeological Circle).

Société des Anciens Eléves de l’Ecole des Mines du Hainaut
(Society of Former Pupils of the School of Mines of Hainaut).

Société des Bibliophiles Belges (Society of Belyian Bibliophi-
lists).

Société des Sciences, des Arts et des Lettres du Hainaut (Society
of Sciences, Arts, and Letters of Hainaut).

Namur—Bibliothéque Publique (Public Library).
Cercle Artistique et Littéraire (Artistic and Literary Circle).
Société Agricole et Forestiére de la Province de Namur (Society
of Agriculture and Forestry of the Province of Namur).
Société Archéologique (Archeological Society).

BELGIUM. 17

Ostende—Bibliothéque Publique (Public Library).
St. Nicolas—Bibliothéque Publique (Public Library).

Cercle Archévlogique du Pays de Waes (Archeological Circle of

the Country of Waas).
Termonde—Bibliothéque Publique (Public Library).

Cercle Archéologique de la Ville et de l’ Ancien Pays de Termonde -
(Archeological Circle of the City and the Ancient Territory of
Termonde).

Tirlemont—Bibliothéque Publique (Public Library).

Tongres— Société Scientifique et Littéraire du Limbourg (Literary
. and Scientific Society of Limboury).

Tournai—Bibliothéque Publique (Public Library).

Société Historique et Littéraire de Tournai (Historical and Lit-
erary Society).

Société Royale d’ Horticulture et d’ Agriculture de Tournai (Royal
Society of Horticulture and Agriculture).

Verviers—Bibliothéque Publique (Public Library).

Chambre de Commerce de Verviers (Chamber of Commerce).

Société Industrielle et Commerciale (Industrial and Commercial
Society).

Ypres—Bibliothéque Publique (Public Library).

Société Historique, Archéologique et Littéraire de la Ville
d’Ypres et de l’ancienne West-Flandre (Historical, Archzxo-
logical, and Literary Society of the City of Ypres and Old
West Flanders).

18 LIST OF FOREIGN CORRESPONDENTS.

DENMARK.

Kjobenhavn ( Copenhagen)—Botaniske Forening ( Botanical Society).
Danske Meteorologiske Institut (Danish Meteorological Institute).
Historisk Tidsskrift (Historical Journal).

Islandske Littercere Selskab (Icelandic Literary Society).
Kongelige Bibliothek (Royal Library).

Kongelige Danske Selskab for Fzedrelandets Historie og Sprog
(Royal Danish Society of National History and Language).
Kongelige Danske Videnskabernes Selskab (Royal Danish So-
ciety of Science).

_ Kongelige Geheime-Archiv (Royal Court of Records).

Kongelige Landhuusholdnings-Selskab (Royal Society of Rural
Economy).

Kongelige Medicinske Selskab (Royal Medical Society).

Kongelige Nordiske Oldskrift-Selskab (Royal Society of North-
ern Antiquaries).

Kongelige Statistiske Bureau (Royal Statistical Bureau).

Kongelige Veterinair- og Landbohdiskole (Royal Veterinary and
Agricultural School).

Naturhistoriske Forening (Natural History Society).

Naturhistorisk Tidsskrift (Journal of Natural History).

Nordisk Tidsskrift for Fiskeri (Journal of Fisheries).

Polytekniske Leereanstalt (Polytechnic School.)

Samfundet til den Danske Literaturs Fremme (Society for the
Advancement of Danish Literature).

Sékaart-Archivet (Hydrographic Office).

Tidsskrift for Philologi og Poedagogik (Philological Journal).

Tidsskrift for populere Fremstillinger af Natur-Videnskaberne
(Journal for Popular Natural Science).

Tidsskrift for Veterinairer ( Veterinary Journal).

Universitetets Astronomiske Observatorium (Astronomical Ob-
servatory of the University).

Universitets-Bibliotheket (Library of the University).

Universitetets Botaniske Have (Botanical Garden of the Uni-
versity).

Universitetets Mineralogiske Museum (Jineralogical Museum
of the University).

Universitetets Zoologiske Museum (Zoological Museum of the
University).

Veterineer-Selskab (Veterinary Society).

FRANCE. 19

FRANCE.

Association Frangaise pour |’ Avancement des Sciences (French Associa-

tion for the Advancement of Sciences).

Association Scientifique de France (Scientific Association of France).

Congrés Scientifique de France (Scientific Congress of France).

Institut des Provinces de France (Jnstitute of the Provinces of France).

Abbeville—Société d’ Emulation (Zmulative Society).

Société Linnéenne du Nord du France (Linnean Society of the
North of France).

Agen—Société d’ Agriculture, Sciences et Arts d’Agen (Society of
Agriculture, Sciences and Arts).

Aix (Bouches du Rhéne)— Académie des Sciences, Agriculture, Arts
et Belles-Lettres (Academy of Sciences, Agriculture, Arts,
and Belles- Lettres).

Alais—Société Scientifique et Littéraire d’Alais (Scientific and Lite-
rary Society).

Amiens—<Académie des Sciences, Belles-Lettres, Arts, Agriculture et
Commerce du Département de la Somme (Academy of Sct-
ences, Belles. Lettres, Arts, Agriculture, and Commerce).

Bibliothéque Communale de la Ville d’ Amiens (City Library).

Société des Antiquaires de Picardie (Society of Antiquaries).

Société d’ Horticulture de Picardie (Horticultural Society).

Société Linnéenne du Nord de la France (Linnean Society of
the North of France).

Angers—Société Académique de Maine-et-Loire (Academic Society
of Maine-et-Loire).

Société Industrielle et Agricole (Industrial and Agricultural
Society).

Société d’Etudes Scientifiques (Society of Scientific. Studies).

Société Linnéenne du Département de Maine-et-Loire (Linnean
Society of the Department of Maine et- Loire).

Société Nationale d’ Agriculture, Sciences et Arts (National So.
ciety of Agriculture, Sciences, and Arts).

20 LIST OF FOREIGN CORRESPONDENTS.

Angouléme—Société d*Agriculture, Arts et Commerce du Dép. de
la Charente (Society of Agriculture, Arts, and Commerce of
the Department of Charente).

Société Archéologique de la Charente (Archeological Society
of Charente).

Annecy—Société Florimontane (lorimontane Society).

Apt—Société Litteraire, Scientifique et Artistique d’Apt (Literary,
Scientific, and Artistic Society).

Arles—Commission Archéologique (Archeological Commission).

Arras—Académie des Sciences, Lettres et Arts d’ Arras (Academy of
Sciences, Lelters, and Arts).

Aurillac—Société Académique (Academic Society).

Auxerre—Société des Sciences historiques et naturelles de l’ Yonne
(Society of Historical and Natural Sciences of Yonne).

Avignon—Société Archéologique (Archeological Society).

Avranches — Société d’Archéologie, Littérature, Sciences et Arts
d’Avranches (Society of Archeology, Literature, Sciences,
and Arts).

Bagnéres de Bigorre—Société Ramond (Ramond Society).

Bar-le-Duc—Société des Lettres, Sciences et Arts de Bar-le-Duc
(Society of Sciences, Letters, and Arts).

Société du Musée (Society of the Museum).

Bayeux—Société d’ Agriculture, Sciences, Arts et Belles-Lettres (So-
ciety of Agriculture, Sciences, Arts, and Belles-Lettres).

Beauvais — Société Académique d’Archéologie, Sciences et Arts du
Département de l’Oise (Academic Society of Archeology,
Science, and Arts of the Department of Oise).

Bergues— Société de la Histoire et des Beaux-Arts de la Flandre
Maritime (Society of History and Fine Aris of Maritime
Flanders).

Besangon—Académie des Sciences, Rollwedeenen et Arts (Academy
of Sciences, Belles- Lettres, and Arts).

Société d’ Emulation du Doubs (Competitive Society of Doubs).
Béziers (Hérault)—Société Archéologique (Archeological Society).
Blois—Société des Sciences et Lettres de Loir-et-Cher (Society of Sct-

ences and Letters of Loir et- Cher).

Bordeaux—Académie Hthnographique de la Gironde (Zthnographie
Academy of Gironde).

FRANCE. 21

Académie des Sciences, Belles-Lettres et Arts (Academy of Sci-

' ences, Belles-Leltres, and Arts)

Bibliothéque de la Ville de Bordeaux (Library of the City).

Chambre de Commerce ‘ Chamber of Commerce).

Commission des Monuments et Documents historiques et des
Batiments civils (Commission of Monuments, Historical
Documents, and Public Structures).

Institut Confucius de France (Confucius Institute of France).

Muséum d’ Histoire Naturelle (AZuseum of Natural History).

Société d’Agriculture de la Gironde (Agricultural Society of
Gironde).

Société de Geographie Commerciale (Society of Commercial
Geography).

Société d’ Horticulture de la Gironde (Horticultural Society of
Gironde).

Société Humanitaire et Scientifique de Sud-Ouest de la France
(Humanitarian and Scientific Society of the Southwest of
France).

Société Linnéenne de Bordeaux (Linnean Society of Bordeaux).

Société de Médecine et de Chirurgie de Bordeaux (Medical and
Chirurgical Society).

Société Medico-Chirurgicale des Hépitaux et Hospices de Bor-
deaux (Medico-Chirurgical Society of Hospitals and Alms-
houses).

Société Philomathique de Bordeaux (Philomathic Society).

Société des Sciences Physiques et Naturelles (Society of Physical
and Natural Sciences).

Boulogne—Société Académique (Academic Society).

Société d’ Agriculture, Sciences et Arts de Boulogne-sur- Mer
(Society of Agriculture, Sciences, and Arts of Boulogne-sur-
er).

Bourg—Société d’Emulation de l’Ain (mulative Society of Ain).
Bourges— Commission Historique du Cher (Historical Commission

of Cher).
Société d’ Agriculture du Département du Cher (Agricultural
Society of the Department of Cher).

Brest—Bibliothéque de la Marine Impériale (Library of the Imperial

Navy).
Société Académique de Brest (Academic Society).
Société d’ Agriculture de Brest (Agricultural Society).

22 LIST OF FOREIGN CORRESPONDENTS.

Caen— Académie des Sciences, Arts et Belles-Lettres (Academy of
Sciences, Arts, and Belles- Lettres).

Société d’ Agriculture et de Commerce de Caen (Society of Agri-

culture and of Commerce).

Société des Antiquaires de Normandie (Society of Antiquaries

of Normandy).

Société Linnéenne de Normandie (Linnean Society of Nor-

mandy).

Société de Médecine de Caen (Medical Society).
Cambrai—Société d’ Emulation (Competitive Society).
-Cannes—Société des Sciences Naturelles, des Lettres et des Beaux-
Arts de Cannes et de ]’Arrondissement de Grasse (Society of
Natural Sciences, Letters, and Fine Arts of Cannes and
the Arrondissemeat of Grasse).

Castres—Société Scientifique et Littéraire de Castres (Setentific and
Literary Society).

Chalons-sur-Marne — Société d’Agriculture, Commerce et Sci-
ences de la Marne (Society of Agriculture, Commerce, and
Sciences of the Marne).

Chalons-sur-Saone—Suciété Archéologique de Chalons (Archexo-
logical Society).

Chambéry— Académie Nationale de Savoie (National Academy of
Savoy).

Chartres— Société Archéologique d’Eure et Loire (Archeological
Society of Lure et Loire).

Société d’ Horticulture et de Viticulture d’Eure et Loire (Society

of Horticulture and Vine Culture of Eure et Loire).

Chateaudun—Société Dunoise (Dunoise Society).

Chateauroux—Société d’ Agriculture de )’Indre (Agricultural So-
ciety of Indre).

Société Pharmaceutique de l’Indre (Pharmaceutic Society of
Indre)
Chateau-Thierry—Société Historique et Archéologique de Chateau-
Thierry (istorical and Archeological Society).
Chauny—Société de Pomologie et d’ Arboriculture de Chauny (Pomo-

logical and Arboricultural Society).
Société Régionale d’ Horticulture dont Chauny est le centre (Dis-
trict Society of Horticulture having tts centre in Chauny).

FRANCE. oe

Cherbourg—Société Académique de Cherbourg (Academic Society).

Société Nationale des Sciences Naturelles de Cherbourg (National
Society of Natural Sciences).

Clermont—Société d’ Agriculture de Clermont-Oise (Society of Agri-
culture of Clermont-Oise).

Société d’ Horticulture de Clermont-Oise (Society of Horticul-
ture of Clermont- Oise).

Clermont-Ferrand— Académie des Sciences, Belles-Lettres et Arts
(Academy of Sciences, Belles- Lettres, and Arts).
Compeigne — Musée Kohmer de Compeigne (Kohmer Museum of

Compeigne).

Coulommiers— Société d’ Horticulture de l’ Arrondissement de Cou-
lommiers (Horticultural Society of the Arrondissement of
Coulommiers).

Dijon— Académie des Sciences, Arts et Belles-Lettres de Dijon (Acad-
emy of Sciences, Arts, and Belles-Lettres).

Commission Archéologique de la Coie d@Or (Archeological
Commission of Cote d’Or).

Société d’ Agriculture et d’ Industrie Agricole du Département de
la Cote d’Or (Society of Agriculture and Farming Industry
of Cote d’Or).

Société d’ Horticulture de la Cote d’Or (Horticultural Society
of Cote d’Or).

Douai—Association Vétérinaire des Départements du Nord et du Pas-
de-Calais (Veterinary Association of the Departments of
Nord and Pas-de- Calais).

Musée d’ Histoire Naturelle (AZuseum of Natural History).

Société Nationale d’ Agriculture, Sciences et Arts de Douai (Na-
tional Society of Agriculture, Sciences, and Arts).

Draguignan—Société d’ Agriculture, de Commerce et d’Industrie du
Dép. du Var (Society of Agriculture, Commerce, and In-
dustry of the Department of Var).

Société des Htudes scientifiques et littéraires (Society of Scien-
tific and Literary Studies).

Dunkerque — Société Dunkerquoise pour l Encouragement des Sci-
ences (Dunkirk Society for the Promotion of Science).

Elbeuf— Société Industrielle d’ Elbeuf (Industrial Society).

Epinal—Société d’ Emulation du Département des Vosges (Competi-
tive Society of the Department of Vosges).

24 LIST OF FOREIGN CORRESPONDENTS.

Evreux—Société Libre d’ Agriculture, Sciences, Arts et Belles-Lettres
de l’Eure (L’ree Society of Agriculture, Sciences, Arts, and
Belles- Lettres of Eure).

Fontenay-le-Comte—Société d’ Horticulture de Fontenay-le-Comte
(Horticultural Society).

Grenoble—Académie Delphinale (Delphinal Academy).

Société de Statistique du Département de l’Isére (Society of

Statistics of the Department of Isére).

Gueret—Société des Sciences Naturelle de la Creuse (Society of Na-
tural Sciences of Creuse).

Havre — Société Nationale Havraise d’Etudes diverses (National
Havre Society of Different Studies).

Langres—Société Historique et Archéologique (Historical and Ar-
chological Society).

Laon—Société Académique de Laon (Academic Society).

Ia Rochelle— Académie de La Rochelle (Academy).

Le Mans—Société d’ Agriculture, Science et Arts de la Sarthe (Socz-
ety of Agriculture, Science, and Arts of the Sarthe).

Le Puy—Société d’ Agriculture, Sciences, Arts et Commerce (Society
of Agriculture, Sciences, Arts, and Commerce).

Lille—Comité Flamand de France (Flemish Committee of France).

Société des Architectes du Département du Nord (Society of
Architects of the Department of the North).

Société des Sciences, de |’ Agriculture et des Arts (Society of
Sciences, Agriculture, and Arts).

Limoges—Société Archéologique et Historique du Limousin (Arche-
ological and Historical Society of Limousin).

Société des Sciences, Agriculture et Arts de la Haute-Vienne
(Society of Sciences, Agriculture, and Arts of Haute-
Vienne).

Lisieux —Société d’Agriculture du Centre de la Normandie (4gri-
cultural Society of the Centre of Normandy).

Société d’ Horticulture et de Botanique du Centre de la Norman-
die (Horticultural and Botanical Society of the Centre of
Normandy).

Lons-le-Saulnier—Société d’ Emulation du Jura (Zmulative Soci-
ety of Jura).

Société Pomologique de France (Pomological Society of France).

FRANCE. pia

Lyon — Académie Nationale des Sciences, Belles-Lettres et Arts de
Lyon (National Academy of Sciences, Belles-Lettres, and
Arts).

Association Lyonnaise des Amis des Sciences Naturelles (Ly-
onnese Association of the Friends of Natural Sciences.)

Observatoire (Observatory).

Commission Hydrométrique de Lyon (Hydrometric Commis-
sion).

Museum d’Histoire Naturelle de Lyon (Museum of Natural
History).

Société Academique d’ Architecture de Lyon (Academic Society
of Architecture).

Société de l’Agriculture, Histoire Naturelle et Arts Utiles de
Lyon (Society of Agriculture, Natural History, and the
Useful Arts).

Société Linnéenne de Lyon (Linnean Society).

Société de Médecine de Lyon (IJedical Society).

Société Physiophile (Physiophilist Society).

Société des Sciences Industrielles (Society of Industrial Sct-
ences).

Société des Sciences Médicales de Lyon (Society of Medical
Sciences).

Macon—Académie de Macon: Soe. des Arts, Belles-Lettres et d’ Agri-
culture (Academy of Macon: Society of Arts, Belles-Let-
tres, and Agriculture).

Marseille— Académie des Sciences, Lettres et Arts (Academy of

Sciences, Letters, and Arts).

Ecole des Beaux-Arts et Bibliothéque de la Ville (School of Fine
Arts and City Library).

Observatoire ( Observatory).

Société du Département d’ Agriculture des Bouches du Rhone
(Society of the Department of Agriculture of Bouches du
Rhéne).

Société de Statistique de Marseille (Society of Statistics).

Union des Arts (Union of Arts).

Mayenne —Société d’Agriculture de |’ Arrondissement de Mayenne
(Agricultural Society of the Arrondissement of Mayenne).
Société Archéologique de la Mayenne (Archeological Society).

26 LIST OF FOREIGN CORRESPONDENTS.

Meaux— Société d’Archéologie, Sciences, Lettres et Arts du Dep. de
Seine et Marne (Society of Archeology, Science, Letters, and
Aris of the Dep. of Scine-et- Marne).
Société d’ Horticulture de l’ Arrondissement de Meaux (Horticul-
tural Society of the Arrondissement of Meaux).

Melun— Société d’Archéologie, Sciences, Lettres et Arts du Dép. de
Seine et Marne (Society of Archeology, Sciences, Letters, and
Arts of the Dep. of Seine and Marne).

Mende— Société d’Agriculture, Industrie, Sciences et Arts du Dé-
partement de la Lozére (Society of Agriculture, Manufactures,
Sciences, and Arts of the Dep. of Lozere).

Mirecourt— Société Agricole, Horticole et Viticole de ’ Arrondisse-
ment de Mirecourt (Society of Agriculture, Horticulture, and
Vine-culture of the Arrondissement of Mirecourt).

Montauban— Société des Sciences, Agriculture et Belles-Lettres de
Tarn et Garonne (Society of Sciences, Agriculture, and Belles-
Lettres of Tarn and Garonne)

Montbéliard—Société d’ Emulation (Zmulative Society).

Montpellier — Académie de Montpellier: Faculté de Médecine
(Academy: Medical Faculty).
Académie des Sciences et Lettres de Montpellier (Academy of
Sciences and Letters).
Messager Agricole (Agricultural Herald).
Société Archéologique de Montpellier (Archeological Society).
Société Centrale d’ Agriculture du Département de la Herault
(Central Society of Agriculture of the Department of Herault).
Société Générale d’ Encouragement & la Sericiculture (General
Society for the Promotion of Silk Culture).
Station Sericicole de Montpellier (Silk-culture Station).
Moulins—Société d’ Emulation du Département de 1’ Allier sea
tive Society of the Dep. of Allier).
Société d’Horticulture de l’Allier (Society of Horticulture of
Allier).
Wancy—Académie de Stanislas (Stanislas Academy).
Ecole de Médecine et de Pharmacie (School of Medicine and
Pharmacy).
Société d’Archéologie Lorraine (Lorraine Society of Archzol-
ogy):
Société Centrale d’ Agriculture (Central Society of Agriculture).

FRANCE. 27

Société Régionale d’ Acclimatation pour la Zone Nord-Est (See-
tional Society of Acclimatation for the Northeast Zone).

Société des Sciences de Nancy (Ancienne Société des Sciences
Naturelles de Strasbourg, fondée en 1828) (Society of Sci-
ences, formerly the Society of Natural Sciences of Strasburg,
Sounded in 1828)

Nantes — Société Académique de Nantes et du Dép. de la Loire infé-
rieure (Academic Society of Nantes and the Dep. of Loire
Inferieure).

Société des Beaux-Arts de Nantes (Society of Fine Arts).
Société d’ Histoire Naturelle (Society of Natural History).

Nevers—Société Nivernaise des Sciences, Lettres et Arts (Society of
Sciences, Letters, and Arts)

Nice—Société Centrale d’ Agriculture, d’ Horticulture et d’ Acclimata-
tion (Central Society of Agriculture, Horticulture, and Accli-
matation).

Société des Lettres, Sciences et Arts des Alpes maritimes (Soc?-
ety of Letters, Sciences, and Arts of the Maritime Alps)

Wimes—<Académie du Gard (Academy of Gard).
Société d’ Horticulture et de Botanique du Gard (Horticultural
and Botanical Society of Gard).

Niort —Société des Arts, Sciences et Belles-Lettres (Society of Arts,
Sciences, and Belles- Lettres).

Société d’ Horticulture, d’Arboriculture et de Viticulture des
Deux-Sévres (Society of Horticulture, Arboriculture, and
Vine-culture of Deux- Sevres).

Société de Statistique, Sciences et Arts du Département des Deux-
Sévres (Society of Statistics, Sciences, and Arts of the Dep.
of Deux- Sevres).

Orléans — Société d’Agriculture, Sciences, Belles- Lettres et Arts
d’Orléans (Society of Agriculture, Sciences, Belles-Lettres, and
Arts).
Société Archéologique et Historique de I’ Orléanais (Archeological
and EHistorical Society).
Paris—Gustave Bossange, Libraire, 16 Rue du Quatre-Septembre
(Agent of the Smithsonian Institution).
Académie Nationale de Médecine (National Academy of Medi-
cine).

LIST OF FOREIGN CORRESPONDENTS.

Administration des Lignes Télégraphiques (Administration of
Telegraphic Lines).

Annales des Mines (Annals of Mines).

Annales des Ponts et Chaussées (Annals of Civil Engineering).

Annales des Sciences Naturelles (Annals of Natural Sciences).

Archives générales de Médecine (General Records of Medicine).

L’ Athenée Oriental ( Oriental Atheneum).

Bibliothéque de la Ville de Paris (Library of the City).

Bibliothéque du Jardin des Plantes (Muséum d’ Histoire Matu-
relle) (Library of the Garden of Plants—Museum of Natural
Listory).

Bibliothéque Nationale (National Library).

Bibliothéque Municipale du Seiziéme Arrondissement de Paris
(Municipal Library of the Sixteenth Arrondissement).

Bibliothéque Polonaise historique littéraire (Polonese Historical
Literary Library).

Bureau des Longitudes (Bureau of Longitudes).

Club Alpin Frangais (French Alpine Club).

Canservatoire des Arts et Métiers (Conservatory of Arts and
Trades).

Cosmos ( Cosmos).

Dépot des Cartes et Plans (Depot of Charts and Designs).

Ecole Nationale des Mines (National School of Mines).

Keole Nationale et Spéciale des Langues orientales vivantes
(National and Special School of Living Oriental Languages).

Kcole Polytechnique (Polytechnic School ).

Ecole des Ponts et Chaussées (School of Civil Engineering).

Gazette Médicale de Paris (Medical Gazette).

Institut de France (Institute of France).

Journal d’ Agriculture pratique (Journal of Practical Agricul-
ture).

Journal de Conchyliologie (Journal of Conchology).

Journal d’Hygiéne (Journal of Hygiene).

Journal des Savants (Journal of Scientists).

Ministére de ]’ Agriculture et du Commerce (Ministry of Agri-
culture and Commerce).

Ministére des Affaires Etrangéres (Dép. de Statistique) (Ministry
of Foreign Affairs—Dep. of Statistics). .

Ministére de la Guerre (Ministry of War).

Ministére de l’Instruction Publique et des Cultes (Ministry of
Public Instruction and Worship).

FRANCE. 29

Ministére des Lettres, de Sciences et Beaux-Arts (Ministry of
Letters, Sciences, and the Fine Arts).

Ministére de la Marine et des Colonies (Ministry of Marine and
the Colonies).

Ministére des Travaux publiques (Ministry of Public Works).

Observatoire Nationale (National Observatory).

Observatoire Météorologique Central de Montsouris (Central
Meteorological Observatory of Montsouris).

Petites Nouvelles Entomologiques (Small Entomological Notices),

Revue des Cours Littéraires (eview of Literary. Treatises).

Revue Horticole (Horticultural Review).

Revue Industrielle (Industrial Review).

Revue et Magazin de Zoologie (Review and Magazine of Zoology).

Revue de Sericiculture comparée (/eview of Comparative Silk
Culture).

Revue Scientifique de la France et de l’Etranger (Scientific Re-
view of France and Foreign Countries).

Société d’ Acclimatation (Society of Acclimatation).

Société des Agriculteurs de France (Association of the Agricul-
turists of France).

Société Americaine de France (American Soctety of France).

Société Anatomique (Anatomical Society).

Société d’ Anthropologie (Anthropological Society).

Société d’ Apiculture (Society of Apiculture).

Société Asiatique (Asiatic Society).

Société de Biologie (Biological Society).

Société Botanique de France (Botanical Society of France).

Société Centrale d’Agriculture de France (Central Society of
Agriculture of France).

Société des Architectes Centrale (Central Society of Architects).

Société Centrale d’Education et d’ Assistance pour les Sourds-
muets en France (Central Society for the Education and
Assistance of the Deaf and Dumb of France).

Société Centrale d’Horticulture de Paris (Central Society of
Horticulture).

Société Chimique de Paris (Chemical Society).

Société de Chirurgie de Paris (Society of Chirurgery).

Société de l’Ecole des Chartes (School of Charts).

Société d’ Encouragement pour |’ Industrie Nationale (Society to

Promote National Industries).
48

30

LIST OF FOREIGN CORRESPONDENTS.

Société Entomologique de France (Zntomological Society of
France).

Société d’Ethnographie (Ethnographical Society).

Société des Etudes Historiques (Society of Historical Studies).

Société des Etudes Japonaises, Chinoises, Tartares et Indo-Chi-
noises (Society for Japanese, Chinese, Tartar, and Indo-
Chinese Studies).

Société Frangaise d’Archéologie et de Numismatique (French
Society of Archeology and Numismatics).

Société Frangaise de Navigation Aérienne (French Society of
Aerial Navigation).

Société Francaise pour la conservation des Monuments Histo-
riques (French Society for the Preservation of Historical
Monuments).

Société Frangaise de Statistique Universelle (Acad. Nat. Agr.
Manufactur.et Commerciale) (French Society of Universal
Statistics (National Agr. Manufac. and Commercial Acad-
emy).

Société Franklin (Franklin Society).

Société de Géographie (Geographical Society).

Société Géologique de France (Geological Society of France).

Société de l’Histoire de France (Society of the History of
France).

Société de l Histoire du Protestantisme Francais (Society of the
History of French Protestantism).

Société Nationale et Centrale de Médecine Vétérinaire (National
and Central Society of Veterinary Medicine).

Société des Ingenieurs Civils (Society of Civil Engineers).

Société de Législation comparée (Society of Comparative Legis-
lation).

Société Médicale Allemande de Paris (German Medical Society
of Paris).

Société Médicale Homeopathique (Homeopathic Medical Soci-
ety).

Société Médicale des Hopitaux de Paris (Medical Society of the
Hospitals of Paris).

Société Médico-Légale de Paris (Medico-Legal Society of Paris).

Société Météorologique de France (Meteorological Society of
France).

Société Nationale des Antiquaires de France (National Soctety
of Antiquaries of France). —

FRANCE. 31

Société Nouvelle des Forges et Chantiers de la Méditerranée (28
rue Notre-Dame-des-Victoires) (New Society of Forges and
Dock-yards of the Mediterranean (28 Rue Notre Dame des

. Victotres).

Société Orientale de France (Oriental Society of France).

Société de Pharmacie (Society of Pharmacy).

Société Philologique de Paris (Philological Society of Paris).

Société Philomatique (Philomatie Society).

Société Polytechnique (Polytechnical Society).

Société Protectrice des Animaux (Society for the Protection
of Animals).

Société de Statistique de Paris (Society of Statistics).

Société de Thérapeutique (Society of Therapeutics).

Perigueux— Société d Agriculture, Sciences et Arts de la Dordogne
(Society of Agriculture, Sciences, and Arts of Dordogne).

Perpignan—Société Agricole, Scientifique et Littéraire des Pyreneés
Orientales (Ayriculiurai, Scientific, and Literary Society
of eastern Pyrenees.)

Poitiers— Société d’ Agriculture, Belles-Lettres, Sciences et Arts de
Poitiers (Society of Agriculture, Belles-Letires, Sciences,
and Arts).

Société des Antiquaires de Ouest (Society of Antiquaries of
the West).

Poligny—Société d’ Agriculture, Sciences et Arts de Poligny (Soczety
of Agriculture, Sciences, and Arts).

Privas— Société des Sciences Historiques et Naturelles de 1’ Ardéche
(Society of Historical and Natural Sciences of Ardéche).

Rambouillet—Société Archéologique (Archzxological Society).

Reims—Académie Nationale de Reims (National Academy).
Muséum d’Histoire Naturelle de Reims (Museum of Natural
- History).
Société des Sciences Naturelles (Society of Natural Sciences).

Rennes—Bibliothéque de Rennes (Library).
Société Archéologique du Dép. d’Ile et Vilaine (Archeological
Society of the Dep. of Ille and Vilaine).
Société des Sciences Physiques et Naturelles du Dép. d’Ille et
Vilaine (Society of Physical and Natural Sciences of the Dep.
of Ille and Vilaine).

32 LIST OF FOREIGN CORRESPONDENTS.

Rochefort — Société d’ Agriculture, des Belles.Lettres, Sciences et
Arts de Rochefort (Society of Agriculture, Belles-Lettres, Sci-
ences and Arts).

Roubaix—Société d’ Emulation de Roubaix (Society of Emulation).

Rouen— Académie des Sciences, Belles-Lettres et Arts de Rouen

(Academy of Sciences, Belles- Lettres, and Arts).

Bibliothéque de la Ville de Rouen (City Library).

Commission des Antiquités de la Seine-inférieure (Commission
of Antiquities of Lower Seine).

Société des Amis des Sciences Naturelles de Rouen (Society of
Friends of Natural Sciences).

Société Centrale d’ Horticulture de la Seine-inférieure (Central
Society of Lower Seine).

Société Libre d’Emulation du Commerce et de |’ Industrie de la
Seine-inférieure (Free Emulative Society of Commerce and
Manufactures of Lower Seine).

Saint-Htienne—Socié:é de Industrie Minérale (Society of Mineral
Industry).

Saint-Germain-en-Laye— Société d’ Horticulture de Saint-Ger-
main-en-Laye (Horticultural Society).

Saint-Jean-d’Angely —Société Historique de St.-Jean-d’ Angely
(Historical Soctety).

Saint-Lo— Société d’ Agriculture, d’Archéologie et d’ Histoire Natu-
relle du Dép. de la Manche (Society of Agriculture, Arche-
ology, and Natural History of the Dep. of Manche).

Saint-Maixent— Société de Statistique, Sciences et Arts des Deux-
Sevres (Society of Statistics, Sciences, and Arts of Deux-
Sevres).

Saint-Omer—Société des Antiquaires de la Marine (Society of An-
tiquities of Marine).
Saint-Quentin — Société Académique des Sciences, Arts, Belles-
Lettres et Agriculture (Academic Society of Sciences, Arts,’
Belles- Lettres, and Agriculture).
Société d’ Horticulture de Saint-Quentin (Horticultural Society).

Semur— Société des Sciences Historiques et Naturelles de Semur
(Society of Historical and Natural Sciences).
Senlis—Comité Archéologique de Senlis (Archeological Committee).
Société d’ Horticulture de Senlis (Horticultural Society).

FRANCE. od

Sens—Société Archéologique (Archeological Society).
Soissons—Société Archéologique, Historique et Scientifique de Sois-
sons (Archeological, Historical, and Scientific Society).
Société des Sciences, Belles-Lettres et Arts (Society of Sciences,
Belles-Lettres, and Arts).

Tarbes—Société Académique des Hautes-Pyrénées (Academic Soct-
ely of Hautes. Pyrenées).

Toulon—Société Académique du Var (Academic Society of Var).

Toulouse— Académie Nationale des Sciences, Inscriptions et Belles-
Lettres de Toulouse (National Society of Sciences, Inscrip-
tions, and Belles-Lettres).

Académie des Jeux-Floraux (Academy of Floral Games).

Observatoire (Observatory).

Société d’ Agriculture de la Haute-Garonne et de |’ Ariége (Ag-
ricultural Society of Hawe-Garonne and Ariége).

Société Archéologique du Midi de la France (Archeological
Society of the South of France).

Société d’Histoire Naturelle de Toulouse (Society of Natural
History).

Société Nationale de Médecine, Chirurgie et Pharmacie de Tou-
louse (National Society of Medicine, Chirurgery, and Phar-
macy).

Tours—Société d’ Agriculture, Sciences, Arts et Belles-Lettres (Socz-
ety of Agriculture, Sciences, Arts, and Belles- Lettres).
Troyes—Académie Royale de 1’Aube (Royal Academy of Aube).

Société Académique d’ Agriculture, Sciences, Arts et Belles-Let-
tres de Aube (Academic Society of Agriculture, Sciences,
Arts, and Belles-Lettres of Aube).

Société d’ Agriculture de 1’Aube (Society of Agriculture of
Aube).

Société Horticole, Vigueronne et Forestiére de Troyes (Horit-
cultural, Vine-dressing, and Forestry Society).

Valence —Société Départementale d’ Agriculture de la Dréme (De-
partmental Society of Agriculture of Dréme).
Valenciennes —Société Nationale d’ Agriculture, Sciences et Arts
de l’ Arrondissement de Valenciennes (Nord) (National Soci-
ety of Agriculture, Sciences, and Arts of the Arrondisse-
ment of Valenciennes). .
Verdun—Société Philomathique (Philomathic Society).
3

34 LIST OF FOREIGN CORRESPONDENTS.

Versailles—Société d’ Agriculture et des Arts de Seine-et-Oise (So-
ciety of Agriculture and Arts of Seine-et-Oise).
Société d’ Horticulture du Département de Seine-et-Oise (Horti-
cultural Society of the Department of Seine-et-Ovse).
Société des Sciences Morales, des Lettres et des Arts de Seine-
et-Oise (Society of Moral Sciences, Letters, and Arts of
Seine-et- Oise).
Société des Sciences Naturelles et Médicales de Seine-et-Oise
(Society of Natural and Medical Sciences of Seine-et-Oise).
Vesoul—Commission d’ Archéologique de la Haute-Sadne (Commis-
ston of Archxology of Haute-Sadne).
Société d’ Agriculture, Science et Arts de la Haute-Sadne (Soct-
ety of Agriculture, Science, and Arts of Haute-Saéne).
Vitry-le-Frangois—Société des Sciences et Arts de Vitry-le-Fran-
gois (Society of Sciences and Arts).

GERMANY, INCLUDING AUSTRO-HUNGARY. 35

GERMANY, including AUSTRO-HUNGARY.

Allgemeiner Deutscher Apotheker-Verein (German General Union of
Apothecaries).

Deutsche Gesellschaft fiir Anthropologie, Ethnologie und Urgeschichte
(German Society of Anthropology, Ethnology, and Ancient
History).

Deutsche Ornithologen-Gesellschaft (German Ornithological Society).

Verein fiir Geschichte des Bodensees und seiner Umgebung (Historical
Society of the Lake of Constance and its environs).

Verein der Siiddeutschen Forstwirthe (Union of South German Fo-
resters). :

Versammlung Deutscher Land- und Forstwirthe (Assembly of German
Agriculturists and Foresters).

Versammlung Deutscher Naturforscher und Aerzte (Assembly of Ger-
man Naturalists and Physicians). |

Aachen (Prussia)—Kon. Rheinisch-Westphalische Polytechnische
Schule (Royal Rhenish- Westphalian Polytechnical School).

Stadt-Bibliothek (City Library).
Agram (Hungary) — Handels und Gewerbekammer fiir Kroatien
(Chamber of Commerce and Trade for Croatia).
K. K. Kroatisch-Slavonische Landwirthschafts-Gesellschaft (Jm-
perial Royal Croatian- Slavonic Society of Agriculture).
Gesellschaft fiir stidslav. Geschichte und Alterthiimer (Society
for South Slav. History and Archeology).

Naturhistorisches National-Museum (National Museum of Nat-
ural History).

Redaction der Gospodarski List (£ditor of the Gospodarski
List).

Agram University.

Siidslavische Akademie der Wissenschaften und Kunst (South
Slavie Academy of Sciences and Arts).

Allenburg (Prussia)—Gesammt-Verein des Deutsch. Geschichte
und Alterthums-Verein (Central Union of the German
Union of History and Archeology.)

36 LIST OF FOREIGN CORRESPONDENTS.

Altenburg (Saze- Altenburg) —Geschichts- und Alterthumsfor-
schende Gesellschaft (Society Jor Historic and Archeol.
Researches).

Naturforschende Gesellschaft des Osterlandes (Society of Natu-
ral History of Osterland).
Pomologische Gesellschaft (Pomological Society).

Altona (Prussia)—Statistisches Bureau des Stadt Altona (Statistic
Bureau of the City of Altona).

Annaberg (Saxony)—Annaberg-Buchholzer Verein fiir Naturkunde
Annaberg-Buchholz Union of Natural History).

Ansbach (Savaria)—Historischer Verein in Mittelfranken (Histo-
ric Union of Central Franconia).

Arnstadt (Schwarzburg - Sondershausen)—Fiirstliches Gymnasium
(Princely Gymnasium).

Arolsen ( Waldeck)—WLandwirthschaftlicher Verein im Fiirstenthum
Waldeck (Agricultural Union in the Principality of Wal-
deck).

Augsburg (Bavaria)—Historischer Verein von Schwaben und Neu-
burg (Historical Union of Swabia and Neuburg).

Deutscher Apotheker Verein (Society of German Apothecaries).

Landwirthsch. Verein fiir Schwaben und Neuburg (Agricultural
Union of Swabia and Neuburg).

Naturhistorischer Verein (Natural History Society).

Redaction des Auslandes (Hditor of the Ausland).

Bayreuth (Bavaria)—Historischer Verein fiir Oberfranken (Histo-
ric Union of Upper Franconia).

Polytechnische Gesellschaft (Polytechnical Society).

Bamberg (Bavaria)—Gewerbe-Verein ( Traders’ Union).

Kénigliche Bibliothek (Roya! Library).
Naturforschende Gesellschaft (Natural History Society).

Bendorf bei Koblenz (Prussia)—Deutsche Gesellschaft fiir Psy-
chiatrie und gerichtliche Psychologie (German Society of
Psychiatry and Criminal Psychology).

Berlin (Prussia)—Seine Majestiit der Kaiser von Deutschland und
Konig von Preussen (His Majesty the Emperor of Germany
and King of Prussia).

Afrikanische Gesellschaft (African Society).
Archiv fiir Anatomie (Archiv for Anatomy).

GERMANY, INCLUDING AUSTRO-HUNGARY. an

Magistrat der Hauptstadt Berlin (City Council).

Orientalische Gesellschaft (Oriental Society of Berlin).

Repertorium der Wissenschaften (Repertory of Sciences).

Akklimatisations-Verein in Berlin (Society of Acclimatiza-
tion).

Architecten-Verein (Architects’ Union).

Berliner Aquarium (Dr. Brehm) (Aquarium).

Botanischer Verein fiir die Provinz Brandenburg, etc. (Botanic
Society of the Province of Brandenburg).

Central Verein fiir das Wohl der arbeitenden Klassen (Central
Union for the Welfare of the Working Classes).

Deutsche Chemische Gesellschaft (German Chemical Society).

Deutsche Fischerei-Verein (German Fishery Society).

Deutsche Geologische Gesellschaft (German Geological Soci-
ety).

Deutsches Gewerbemuseum (German Polytechnic Museum).

Deutsche Shakespeare-Gesellschaft (German Shakspeare So-
ciety).

Deutscher Verein fiir Fabrication von Ziegeln, Thonwaaren und
Cement (German Union for the Manufacture of Bricks,
Pottery, and Cement ).

Entomologischer Verein (ntomological Society).

General- Direction der Koniglichen Museen (Director-General
of the Royal Museums).

Gesellschaft fiir Anthropologie, Ethnologie und Urgeschichte
(Society of Anthropology, Ethnology,and Ancient History).

Gesellschaft fiir Erdkunde (Geographical Society).

Gesellschaft Naturforschender Freunde (Society of Amateurs
of Natural History).

Gesellschaft fiir das Studium der neueren Sprachen (Society for
the Study of Modern Languages).

Kais. Admiralitiit Haupt-Bibliothek (General Library of the
Imperial Navy).

Kais. Statistisches Amt. (Imperial Statistic Bureau).

Konigliche Bibliothek (Royal Library).

Koniglich Geologische Landes-Anstalt und Bergakademie (Royal
Geologic Institution and Mining Academy).

Konigliche Gewerbe-Akademie (Royal Polytechnical Acad-
emy).

Konigliches Ministerium des Innern (Royal Department of the
Interior).

38

LIST OF FOREIGN CORRESPONDENTS.

Konigliches Landes-Oekonomie-Collegium (Royal Board of Ru-
ral Economy).

Konigliches Landwirthschaftliches Museum (Royal Agricultu-
ral Museum).

Koniglich Preussische Akademie der Wissenschaften (Royal
Prussian Academy of Sciences).

Koéniglich Preussischer Generalstab der Armee (foyal Prussian
Staff of the Army).

Kénigl. Preuss. Geodiitisches Institut (Royal Prussian Geo-
detic Institute).

Koniglich Preussische Kriegs-Akademie (Royal Prussian Mil-
itary Academy).

Kénigliches Preuss. Ministerium fiir Handel, Gewerbe, und
Offentliche Arbeiten (Royal Prussian Department for Com-
merce, Trade, and Public Works).

K®énigliches Preuss. Ministerium fiir landwirthschaftl. Angele-
genheiten (Royal Prussian Department of Agriculture).
Konigl. Preuss. Statistisches Bureau (Joyal Prussian Statis-

‘tical Bureau).

Kéniglich Preussische Technische Bau-Deputation (Royal Prus-
sian Commission for the Inspection of Buildings).

Koniglich Preussische vereinigte Artillerie- und Ingenieur-Schule
(Royal Prussian Artillery and Engineering School).

Konig]. Universitiits-Bibliothek (Royal University Library).

- Konigl. Universitats-Sternwarte (Royal University Observa-

tory).
Medicinische Gesellschaft (Medical Society).

Meteorologisches Institut (Jleteorological Institute).

Physikalische Gesellschaft (Physical Society).

Polytechnische Gesellschaft (Polytechnical Society).

Preuss. Haupt- Bibelgesellschaft (Prusszan Principal Biblical
Society).

Redaction des Archivs fiir path. Anatomie (Archives for Path.
Anatomy).

Redaction der Jahrbiicher fiir die Deutsche Armee und Marine
(Annals of the German Army and Navy).

Redaction des Jahrbuches fiir wiss. Botanik (Annals of Scien-
tific Botany).

Redaction des Journals fiir Ornithologie (Journal for Orni-
thology).

9

GERMANY, INCLUDING AUSTRO-HUNGARY. 39

Redaction des Landwirthschaftlichen Centralblattes fiir Deutsch-
land (Agricultural Central Gazette of Germany). °

Redaction der Linnea (Linnea).

Redaction des Magazins fiir die Literatur des Auslandes (J/aga-
zine for Foreign Literature).

Redaction des Nautischen Jahrbuchs (Dr. C. Bremiker) (Nauii-
cal Almanac).

Redaction der Repertorium der Wissenschaften (Repertory of
Sciences).

Redaction der Zeitschrift fiir Ethnologie (A. Bastian and R.
Hartmann) (Periodical for Ethnology).

Stenographischer Verein (Stenographers’ Union).

Thierschutz-Verein (Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to
Animals).

Verein Deutscher Ingenieure (German Engineers’ Union).

Verein fiir Hisenbahnkunde (Society for Railroad Engineering).

Verein fiir Geschichte der Mark Brandenburg (Historical Soci-
ety of the Province of Brandenburg).

Verein zur Beférderung des Gartenbaues in den Konigl. Preuss.
Staaten (Society for the Promotion of Horticulture).

Verein zur Beférderung des Gewerbefleisses in Preussen (Society
Jor the Promotion of Industry in Prussia).

Verein zur Forderung der Photographie (Society for the Ad-
vancement of Photography).

Zoologischer Garten (Zoological Garden).

Zoologisches Museum der Konigl. Universitit (Zoological Mu-
seum of the Royal University).

Bilk (bei Diisseldorf) (Prussia)—Sternwarte ( Observatory).

Blankenburg (Brunswick) — Naturwissenschaftlicher Verein des
Harzes (Natural History Society of the Harz Mountains).

Bonn (Prussia) — Landwirthschaftlicher Central-Verein fiir Rhein-

preussen (Central Agricultural Society of Rhenish Prussia).

Naturhistorischer Verein der preussischen Rheinlande und West-
phalens (Natural History Society of the Rhenish Provinces and
Westphalia).

Niederrheinische Gesellschaft fiir Natur- u. Heilkunde (Wether-
rhenish Society for Natural and Medical Science).

Redaction des Archivs fiir die gesammte Physiologie des Men-
schen und der Thiere (Archives of the General Physiology of
Man and Beast).

40 LIST OF FOREIGN CORRESPONDENTS.

Redaction des Wiegmann’schen Archivs fiir Naturgeschichte
(Prof. Troschel) ( Wiegmann’s Archives of Natural History).

Universitits-Bibliothek ( University Library).

Universitiats-Sternwarte ( University Observatory).

Verein von Alterthumsfreunden im Rheinlande (Society of Ar-
cheologists of the Rhenish Provinces).

Braunschweig (Brunswick)—F. Vieweg und Sohn (Vieweg and
Son).
Garten-Verein im Herzogthum Braunschweig (Horticultural
Society of the Duchy of Brunswick).
Stadt-Bibliothek (City Library).

Bregenz (Austria)—Vorarlberger Museums-Verein (Vorarlberg Mu-
seum Society).

Bremen ( Hanse-Town)—Bibliothek des Museums.( Museum Library).

Bremer Regierung ( Government).

Bureau fiir Bremische Statistik (Statistics Bureau).

Gartenbau-Verein fiir Bremen ( Yorticultural Society).

Handels-Kammer (Chamber of Commerce).

Kiinstler- Verein fiir Bremische Geschichts- und Alterthumskunde
(Artists’ Union of the History and Archeology of Bremen).

Landwirthschafts-Verein (Agricultural Society).

Naturwissenschaftlicher Verein (Society of Natural Sciences).

Observatorium der Navigations-Schule ( Observatory of the School
of Navigation).

Stadt-Bibliothek (City Library).

Verein fiir die Deutsche Nordpolarfahrt (Society of the German
North Pole Expedition).

Breslau (Prussia)—Blinden-Anstalt (Asylum for the Blind).

Konigl. Preussisches Ober-Berg-Amt. (Joyal Prussian Direc.
tion of Mining).

Landwirthschaftlicher Central-Verein fiir Schlesien Cena
Agricultural Society for Silesia).

Physiologisches Institut (Physiological Institute).

Redaction der Schlesischen Provinzialblitter Riibezahl (Pro-
vincial Paper Riibezahl).

Schlesische Blinden -Unterrichts-Anstalt (Silesian Institute for
the Education of the Blind).

Schlesischer Central-Gewerbe-Verein (Silesian Central Polytech-
nical Society).

GERMANY, INCLUDING AUSTRO-HUNGARY. 41

Schlesische Gesellschaft fiir vaterlindische Cultur (Silesian So-
ciety for Home Economy).

Universitits-Bibliothek (University Library).

Universitiits-Sternwarte (University Observatory).

Verein fiir das Museum Schlesischer Alterthiimer (Society of the
Museum of Silesian Archeology).

Verein fiir schlesische Insektenkunde (Society of Silesian Ento-
mology).

Bromberg (Prussia)—Landwirthschaftlicher Central-Verein fiir den
Netze-District (Agricultural Central Union for the District of
Netze).

Brunn (Austria) —K. K. Mihrisch-schlesische Gesellschaft fiir Ack-
_ erbau- Natur- und Landeskunde (Jmp. Royal Moravian- Sile-
sian Soc. of Agriculture, Natural History, and Geography).
Miabrisch-schlesisches Blinden-Erziehungs-Institut (Moravian-
Silesian Institute for Educating the Blind).
Naturforschender Verein (Naturalists’ Society).

Budapest (Hungary)— A Magyar Tudomdnyos Akademia.

Magyar Kirdlyi Tudominy Egyetem (oyal Hungarian Uni-
versity).

Geologische Gesellschaft fiir Ungarn (Geological Society of Hun-
gary).

Handels-Akademie (Commercial Academy).

Kirdlyi Magyar Természettudomanyi Tarsulat (Royal Hunga-

. rian Society of Natural Science).

K. K. Obergymnasium (Imperial Royal Higher Gymnasium).

K. K. Sternwarte (Jmperial Royal Observatory).

K. K. Ober-Realschule (Jmperial Royal Real School).

Kon. Ungar. Central-Anstalt fiir Meteorologie und Erd-Magnet-
ismus (Royal Hungarian Central Institute for Meteorology and
Terrestrial Magnetism).

Magyar Nemzeti Museum.

Pestvaros Statisztikai Hivatala (Statistical Bureau).

Cassel. See Kassel.
Celle (Prussia)—Kon. Landwirthschafts-Gesellschaft (Royal Agricul-
tural Society).

Chemnitz (Saxony)—K. Gewerbeschule (Royal Polytechnic School).
Naturwissenschaftliche Gesellschaft (Society of Natural Sci-
ences).

42 _ LIST OF FOREIGN CORRESPONDENTS.

Oeffentliche Handels-Lehranstalt (Public Commercial School).
Redaction der Deutschen Industrie-Zeitung (German Industrial
Gazette).
Statistisches Bureau (Statistical Bureau).
Verein fiir Chemnitzer Geschichte (Society for the History of
Chemnitz).
Clempenow bei Anclam (Prussia). See Eldena.
Coblenz. See Koblenz.

Colmar (Alsace) —Société d’ Histoire Naturelle de Colmar ( Cateneir
Natural History Society).

Cracau. See Krakau.

Czernowitz (Austria) —Verein fiir Landeskultur und Landeskunde
im Herzogthume Bukowina (Soc. for Agriculture and Geog-
raphy of the Duchy of Bukowina).

Danzig (Prussia) — Hauptverein west-preussischer Landwirthe (Cen-
tral Union of West Prussian Agriculturists).
Naturforschende Gesellschaft (Society of Natural History).
Sternwarte ( Observatory).

Darmstadt (Hesse)—Gartenbau-Verein (Horticultural Union).

Grossherzogliche Central-Stelle fiir Gewerbe und Handel ( Grand-
ducal Central Bureau of Industry and Commerce).

Grossherzoglich Hessische Central-Stelle fiir die Landes-Statistik
(Grand-ducal Hessian Central Bureau of Home Statistics).

Grossherzoglich Hessischer Gewerbe-Verein (Grand-ducal Hes-
sian Polytechnic Society).

Grossherzoglich Hessische Kataster-Amt. (Grand-ducal Hessian
Kataster Bureau).

Grossherzoglich Hessische Polytechnische Schule (Grand-ducal
Hessian Polytechnical School).

Grossherzogliche Hof-Bibliothek (Grand-ducal Court Library).

Grossherzogliches Museum (Grand-ducal Museum).

Historischer Verein fiir das Grossherzogthum Hessen (J/‘storical
Society of the Grand Duchy of Hessen).

Mittelrheinisch-geologischer Verein (Middle Rhenish Geological
Society).

Verein fiir Erdkunde u. verwandte Wissenschaften (Society for
Geography and kindred Sciences).

Dessau (Anhalt)—Naturhistorischer Verein (Society of Natural His-

tory).

GERMANY, INCLUDING AUSTRO-HUNGARY. 43

Donaueschingen (Baden) — Verein fiir Geschichte und Naturges-
chichte der Baar (Society of History and Natural History of
the Baar).

Dresden (Saxony) —Seine Majestiit der Konig von Sachsen (His
Majesty the King of Saxony).

Flora: Gesellschaft fiir Botanik und Gartenbau (Botanical and
Horticultural Society). (‘ Flora.’’)

General-Direction der K. Sammlungen fiir Kunst und Wissen-
schaft (Director-General of the Royal Collections of Art and
Science).

Gesellschaft fiir Botanik und Zoologie (Botanical and Zoological
Society).

Gesellschaft fiir Natur- und Heilkunde (Soctety of Natural and
Medical Science).

Gewerbe-Verein (Polytechnical Union).

Kaiserliche Leopoldino-Carolinische Deutsche Akademie der
Naturforscher (Imperial “‘Leopoldino- Carolinische”’ German
Academy of Naturalists).

Konig]. Historisches Museum (Royal Historical Museum).

Konig]. Landes- Blinden-Anstalt (Royal National Blind Asy-
lum).

Konig]. Offentliche Bibliothek (Royal Public Library).

Konigl. Polytechnische Schule (Joyal Polytechnical School).

Konigl. Mineralogisches Museum (foyal Mineralogical Mi-
sewn).

Konigl. Sachs. Oeckonomische Gesellschaft (Royal Saxonian
Agricultural Society).

K6nigl. Sichs. Statistisches Bureau (Royal Saxonian Statistical
Bureau).

Kénigl. Siichs. Verein fiir Erforschung und Erhaltung vater-
liindischer Alterthiimer (Royal Saxonian Society for the In-
vestigation and Preservation of Home Antiquities).

Kénigl. Sanitiits-Direction (Director of Royal Sanitary Board).

Konigl. Stenographisches Institut (Royal Stenographic Institute).

Konig]. Zoologisches Museum (Royal Zoological Museum).

Landes-Medicinal-Collegium (National Medical Commission).

Ministerium des Kéniglichen Hauses (Minister of the Royal
Household ).

Naturhistorisches Museum (Museum of Natural History).

Naturwissenschaftliche Gesellschaft ‘‘Isis’” (Zhe Society of Na-
tural Scrence “Isis’’).

44 LIST OF FOREIGN CORRESPONDENTS.

Neue Jahrb. fiir Mineralogie, Geologie, und Paleeontologie (Dr.
Geinitz) (New Annual of Mineralogy, Geology, and Pale-

_, ontology).

Offentliche Handels-Lehranstalt des Dresdner Kaufmannschaft
(Public Commercial Institute of the Merchants’ Society of
Dresden).

Photographische Gesellschaft (Photographical Society).

Sichsischer Ingenieur- und Architekten-Verein (Sanop ae En-
gineers’ and Architects’ Union).

Thierschutz-Verein (Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to
Animals).

Verein fiir Erdkunde (Geographical Society.)

Durckheim (Bavaria) —Pollichia, Naturwissenschaftl. Verein der
Rheinpfalz (Pollichia, Society of Natural Science of the
fhenish Palatinate),

Dusseldorf (Prussia)—Rheinisch-Westphalische Gefingniss-Gesell-
schaft (Rhenish- Westphalian Prison Association).

Hisenach (Saxe- Weimar) —Grossherz. Carl Friedrichs-Gymnasium
(Grand-ducal Charles Frederick “Gymnasium’).
Real-Gymnasium (“‘Real-Gymnasium’)

Elberfeld (Prussia)—Bergischer Geschichts-Verein (Berg Histori-
cal Society).
Naturwissenschaftlicher Verein von Elberfeld u. Barmen (Soc7-
ely of Natural Science of Elberfeld and Barmen).

Eldena bei Greifswald (Prussia)—Baltischer Verein zur Befér-
derung der Landwirthschaft (Baltic Association for the Ad-
vancement of Agriculture).

Gartenbau-Verein fiir Neuvorpommern und Riigen (Horticul-
tural Society of New Pommern and Riigen).

K. P. Staats- und landwirthschaftl. Akademie Eldena (Royal
Prussian Agricultural Academy ‘‘Eldena’’).

Emden (Prussia) — Gesellschaft fiir bildende Kunst und vaterliind-
ische Alterthiimer (Society of Plastic Art and Home Antt-
quitves).

Naturforschende Gesellschaft (Naturalists’ Society).
Taubstummen-Anstalt (Deaf and Dumb Institule).

Ems (Prussia)— Redaction der Balneologischen Zeitung ( Balneo-
logical Gazette).

GERMANY, INCLUDING AUSTRO-HUNGARY. 45

Erfurt (Prussia)—Akademie Gemeinniitziger Wissenschaften (Acad-

emy of Useful Sciences).
Gartenbau-Verein (Horticultural Society).
Gewerbe-Verein (Polytechnical Society).

Erlangen (Bavaria)—Physikalisch-Medicinische Gesellschaft (Phy-

sico-Medical Society).
Universitits-Bibliothek (University Library).

Essen a. d. Ruhr (Prussia)—Verein fiir Thierschutz und Gefliigel-
zucht (Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals
and for the Culture of Fowls).

Fiume (Austria)—K. K. Marine-Akademie (Imperial Royal Naval
Academy).

Frankfurt am Main (Prussia)—Deutsche Malakozoologische Ge-
sellschaft (German Malakozoologic Society).

Gartenbaugesellschaft “‘Flora” (Horticultural Society“ Flora’).

Senckenbergische naturforchende Gesellschaft (Senckenberg Na-
turalists’ Society).

Statistischer Verein (Statistical Society).

Zoologische Gesellschaft (Zoological Society).

Frankfurt-an-der-Oder (Prussia) — Historisch-Statistischer Ve-

rein (Historical Statistical Society)
Handels-Kammer (Chamber of Commerce).

Freiberg (Saxony)—Freikerger Alterthums-Verein (Archeological
Society).

Koniglich Sichsische Bergakademie (Royal Saxonian Mining
Academy).

Freiburg (Paden) — Gesellschaft fiir Beférderung der Naturwissen-
schaften (Society for the Advancement of Natural Sci-
ences).

Grossherz. Blinden-Anstalt (Grand-ducal Institution for the
Blind).
Redaction des Archivs fiir Anthropologie (Dr. A. Hicker) (Ar-
chives of Anthropology).
Universitiits Bibliothek (University Library).
Friedberg (Hesse)—Blinden-Anstalt (Institution for the Blind).
Grossherz. Taubstummen-Anstalt (Grand-ducal Deaf and
Dumb Institute).
Fulda (Prussia)—Verein fiir Naturkunde (Natural History Soci-

ety).
49

46 LIST OF FOREIGN CORRESPONDENTS.

Furth (Bavaria)—Gewerbe-Verein der Stadt Fiirth (Polytechnical
Society).

Galatz (Austria)— Commission Européenne de Danube (Huropean
Commission of the Danube).

Gera (Lirstenth. Reuss)—Gesellschaft der Freunde der Naturwissen-
schaften (Society of the Friends of the Natural Sciences).

Giessen (Hesse)—Historischer Verein (Historical Society).
Oberhessische Gesellschaft fiir Natur- und Heilkunae (Upper —
Hessian Society of Natural History and Medical Science).
Universitiits Bibliothek (University Library).
Zoologisches Museum (Zoological Museum).
Gorlitz (Prussia) —Gartenbau-Verein fiir die Ober-Lausitz (Horti-
cultural Society of Upper Lausitz).
Gewerbe-Verein (Polytechnical Association).
Naturforschende Gesellschaft ( Naturalists’ Society).
Oberlausitzer Gesellschaft der Wissenschaften (Scientific Soci-
ety of Upper Lausitz).
Verein fiir Gefliigelzueht (Society for Fowl Culture).
Verein fiir Hiihnerzucht (Society for the Culture of Poultry).
Gorz (Austria)—K. K. Ackerbau Gesellschaft (Imperial Royal Ag-
ricultural Society).

Gottingen (Prussia)—Anthropologischer Verein (Anthropological
Society).
Konigliche Gesellschaft der Wissenschaften (Royal Society of
Sciences).
Konigliche Sternwarte (Royal Observatory).
Universitiits- Bibliothek (University Library).
Zoologisches Museum (Zoological Museum).

Gotha (Saze-Koburg-Gotha)—Geographische Anstalt (Geographi-
cal Institute).
Herz. Bibliothek der Friedenstein’schen Sammlungen (Ducal
University of the Friedstein Collections).
Sternwarte (Observatory).
Thiiringer Gartenbau-Verein (Thurinyian Horticultural So-
ciety).
Graz (Austria)—Akademie fiir Handel und Industrie (Academy for
Commerce and Industry).
Geognostisch-Montanistischer Verein fiir Steiermark (Geognos-
tical Socvety of Styria).

GERMANY, INCLUDING AUSTRO-HUNGARY. AT

Historischer Verein fiir Steiermark (Historical Society of Sty-
ria).

K. K. Erstes Staats Gymnasium (Imperial Royal Supreme
State Gymnasium).

K. K. Steiermarkische Gartenbau-Verein (Imperial Royal Sty-
rian Horticultural Society).

Universitaet (University of Graz).

K. K. Steirmirkische Landwirthschafts-Gesellschaft (Imperial
Royal Styrian Agricultural Society).

Naturwissenschaftlicher Verein fiir Steiermark (Scientific Society
of Styria).

Steiermiirkischer Industrie- und Gewerbe-Verein (Styrian In-
dustrial and Polytechnical Union).

Steiermiirkische Landes-Ober-Realschule (Styrian Upper Real-
school).

Steiermiirkisches Landschaftliches Joanneum (Styrian Joan-
neum).

Verein der Aerzte in Steiermark (Physicians’ Society of Styria).

Greifswald (Prussia)—Gesellschaft fiir Pommersche Geschichte und
Alterthumskunde (Society of Pomeranian History and Arche-
ology).

Universitits-Bibliothek (University Library).

Guben (Prussia)—Lausitzer Gewerbe-Vereine (Lausitz Polytechnical
Union).

Gustrow (Mecklenburg)—Verein der Freunde der Naturgeschichte in
Mecklenburg ( Society of Friends of Natural History in Meck-
lenburg).

Gumbinnen (Prussia) — Landwirthschaftlicher Central-Verein fiir
Littauen und Masuren (Littauen and Masuren Central Agri-
cultural Society).

Halberstadt—Deutsche ornithologische Gesellschaft (German Orni-
thological Society).

Hall (Austria)—Verein zur Geologischen Durchforschung Tirols und
Vorarlbergs (Society for the Geological Survey of Tyrol and
Vorarlberg).

Halle a. d. Saale (Prussia)—Deutscher Apotheker-Verein ( German
Apothecaries’ Association).

Konigliches Ober-Berg-Amt (Royal Mining Bureau).
Landwirthschaftlicher Central-Verein fiir die Provinz Sachsen
(Central Agricultural Union of the Province of Saxony).

48

LIST OF FOREIGN CORRESPONDENTS

Naturforschende Gesellschaft (Naturalisis’ Society).

Naturwissenschaftlicher Verein fiir Sachsen und Thiiringen (Sc?-
entific Association for Saxony and Thuringia).

Ornithologische Central-Verein fiir Sachsen und Thiiringen
(Central Ornithological Society of Saxony and Thuringia).

- Redaction der Botanischen Zeitung (Botanical Gazette)

Redaction der Natur (Dr. Otto Ule) (‘Nature’).
Thiiringisch-Siichsischer Geschichts- und Alterthums-Verein
( Thuringo-Saxonian Historical and Archexological Society).

Universitits-Bibliothek (University Library).

Hamburg (Hanse- Town)—Blinden-Anstalt (Institution for the Blind).

Commerz-Bibliothek (Commercial Library).

Geographische Gesellschaft (Geographical Society).

Handels-Kammer (Chamber of Commerce).

Johanneum (Joanneum).

Museum Godeffroy (Museum Godeffroy).

Naturwissenschaftlicher Verein (Society of Natural Sciences).

Norddeutsche Seewarte (North German Naval Observatory).

Stadt-Bibliothek (City Library).

Sternwarte (Observatory).

Thierschutz-Verein (Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to
Animals).

Verein fiir Hamburgische Geschickte (Society for Hamburg’ s
History).

Verein fiir Handelsfreiheit (Free Trade Association).

Verein fiir Naturwissenschaftliche Unterhaltung (Society for
Scientific Entertainment).

Zoologische Gesellschaft (Zoological Society).

Hamm (Prussia)—K®onigliches Gymnasium (Royal Gymnasium).

Hanau (Prussia)—Hanauer Bezirks Verein fiir Hessische Geschichte

und Landeskunde (Society for Hessian History and Geog-
‘raphy of the District of Hanau).

Wetterauer Gesellschaft fiir die gesammte Naturkunde (Welte-
rauer Association for Natural Sciences in general).

Hannover (Prussia) — Architecten- und Ingenieur-Verein (Archi-

tects and Engineers’ Association).

Gesammt-Verein der Deutschen Geschichts- und Alterthums-
Vereine (Central Union of the German Historical and Ar-
cheological Societies).

GERMANY, INCLUDING AUSTRO-HUNGARY. 49

Gewerbe-Verein fiir die Provinz Hannover (Polytechnical Union
of the Province of Hannover).

Hahn’sche Hofbuchhandlung (Hahn’s Book-store).

Historischer Verein fiir Niedersachsen (Historical Sociely of
Lower Saxony).

Konigliche Oeffentliche Bibliothek (Royal Public Library).

Kénigliche Polytechnische Schule (Royal Polytechnical School).

Naturhistorische Gesellschaft (Society of Natural History).

Heidelberg (Paden) — Astronomische Gesellschaft Grossherz. Gym-
nasium (Astronomical Society ““Gymnasium’’).
Landwirthschaftlicher Bezirks-Verein (Agricultural District
Union).
Naturhistorisch-medicinischer Verein (Society of Natural His-
tory and Medical Science).
Siiddeutscher Apotheker-Verein (South German Apothecaries’
Union).
Universitiits-Bibliothek (University Library).
Hermannstadt (Hungary) —Siebenbiirgischer Verein fiir Natur-
wissenschaften (Zransylvanian Society of Natural Sci-
ences).
Verein fiir Siebenbiirgische Landeskunde ( Transylvanian Geo-
graphical Society).
Hohenheim (Wiirtemberg)—Kon. Wiir. Land- und Forstwirthschaft-
liche Akademie (Royal Wiirtemberg Academy of ee ulture
and Forest-culture).

Hohenleuben (Saxcony) —Voigtlindischer Alterthumsforschender
Verein (Voigtlandish Archeological Society.)

Immenstadt (Savaria)—Alpen Landwirths. Versuchs Station (Ea-
periment Station for Alpine Agriculture).
Innsbruck (Austria)—Ferdinandeum (“Ferdinandeum’’).

K. K. Landwirthschafts-Gesellschaft fiir Tirol und Vorarlberg
(Imperial Royal Agricultural Society of Tyrol and Vorarl-
berg).

Naturwissenschaftlich-medicinischer Verein (Society of Natural
and Medical Science).

Universitits-Bibliothek (University Library.)

Jauer (Prussia) —Ockonomisch-patriotische Gesellschaft fiir das
Fiirstenthum Schweidnitz und Jauer (Hconomical Patriotic
Union of the Principality of Schweidnitz and Jauer).

59 LIST OF FOREIGN CORRESPONDENTS,

Jena (Saxe- Weimar)—Landwirthschaftliches Institut (Agricultural

Institute).

Medicinisch-naturwissenschaftliche Gesellschaft (Society of Med-
ical and Natural Sciences).

Pharmaceutisch-naturwissenschaftlicher Verein (Pharmaceulic
Sociely of Natural Science).

Redaction der Zeitschrift fiir Deutsche Landwirthe (Journal
Jor German Agriculturists).

Statistisches Bureau der Vereinigten Thiiringischen. Staaten
(Statistical Bureau of the United Thuringian States).

Universitiits-Bibliothek (University Library).

Verein fiir Thiiringische Geschichts- und Alterthumskunde (So-
crely for Thuringian History and Archeology).

Karlsruhe (aden)—Badischer Alterthums-Verein (Baden Arche-

ological Association).

Gewerbe-Verein (Polytechnical Union).

Grossherz. Badisches Polytechnische Schule (Polytechnical
School of the Grand Duchy of Baden).

Grossherz. Badische Regierung (Grand-ducal Government of
Baden).

Grossherz. Badisches Statistisches Bureau des Handels-Ministe-
riums (Siatistical Bureau of the Department of Commerce).

Grossherz. Centralstelle fiir die Landwirthschaft (Grand-ducal
Central Bureau of Agriculture).

Grossherz Gymnasium (Grand ducal Gymnasium).

Grossherz. Hof- und Landes-Bibliothek (Grand-ducal Court
and National Library).

Handels-Kammer (Chamber of Commerce).

Naturwissentschaftlicher Verein (Society of Natural History).

Kassel (Prussia)—Kurhessische Landes-Bibliothek (lector .Hes-

stan National Library).

Landwirthschaftlicher Central-Verein (Central Agricultural
Union).

Malacozoologische Blatter (IMalacozoological Papers).

Verein fiir Hessische Geschichte und Landeskunde (Society Je
Hessian History and Geography).

Verein fiir Naturkunde (Natural History Society).

Kiel (Prussia)—Blinden-Anstalt (Institution for the Blind).

GERMANY, INCLUDING AUSTRO-HUNGARY. 51

Gesellschaft fiir die Sammlung und Erhaltung vaterl. Alter-
thiimer (Society for the Collection and Preservation of
Home Antiquities).

Koniglich Sternwarte (oyal Observatory).

Ministerial-Kommission zur Untersuchung der Deutschen Meere
(Ministerial-Commission for the Exploration of German
Seas).

Naturwissenschaftlicher Verein fiir Schleswig-Holstein (Natural
History Society of Sleswick-Holstein).

Redaction der Schul-Zeitung (Zhe Scholastic Gazette).

S. H. L. Gesellschaft fiir vaterlindische Geschichte (S. H. L.
Society for the History of the Country).

Schleswig-Hohlsteinscher Landwirthschaftlicher Generalverein
Sleswick-Holstein Agricultural General Association).

Universitiits-Bibliothek (University Library).

Verein nérdlich der Elbe fiir Verbreitung naturwissenschaftlicher
Kenntnisse (Association for the Advancement of the Knowledge
of Natural Science North of the Elbe).

Zoologisches Museum der Universitit (Zoological University-Mu-
seum).

Klagenfurt (Austria) —Geschichts-Verein fiir Kirnten (Historical
Society of Carinthia).

Handels- und Gewerbekammer (Chamber of Commerce and
Trade).

Kirntnerischer Industrie- u. Gewerbe-Verein (Carinthian In-
dustrial and Polytechnical Union).

K. K. Landwirthschafts-Gesellschaft (Imperial Royal Agricul-
tural Society),

K. K. Studien-Bibliothek (Imperial Royal Collegiate Library).

Naturhistorisches Museum (Musewm of Natural History).

Klausenburg (Hungary)—Erdélyi Muzeum-Egylet.

Klausthal (Prussia) — Naturwissensch. Verein “‘ Maja’ (Society of
Natural Science ‘‘ Maja’’).

Koblenz (Prussia) —Naturhistorischer Verein (Natural History So-
ciety).

Koburg (Saxe-Koburg -Gotha)—Kunst- und Gewerbe-Verein (Soct-
ety of Art and Trade).

Verein fiir Naturkunde im Herzogthum Sachsen-Koburg (Soc?-

ety of Natural Science in the Duchy of Saxe-Coburg).

52 LIST OF FOREIGN CORRESPONDENTS.

Koln (Prussia)—Historischer Verein fiir den Niederrhein (Historical
Society of the Nether Rhine).
Konigsberg (Prussia)—Ostpreussische Landwirthschaftliche Central-
stelle (Central Agricultural Bureau of East Prussia).
Ostpreussische Physikalisch-dkonomische Gesellschaft (ast
Prussian Physical-economical Association).
Preuss. Provinzial-Verein fiir Blinden-Unterricht (Prussian
Provincial Society for the Instruction of the Blind).
Universitiits-Bibliothek ( University Library).
Universitits-Sternwarte (University Observatory).
Kornik (near Posen, Prussia)—Biblioteka Kérnicka (Library of
_Kornik).
Krakau (Austria)—Akademija Umiejetno’sci (Academy of Sciences).
C. K. Towarzystwo Naukowe Krakowskie.
K. K. Sternwarte (Imperial Royal Observatory).
Universytet Krakowski (Krakau University).
Sternwarte (Observatory).
Kremsmunster (Austria)—Sternwarte (Observatory).

Laibach (Austria)—Historischer Verein fiir Krain (Historical Soci-
ety of Crain).
Juristische Gesellschaft (Jurists’ Association).
K. K. Landwirthschafts-Gesellschaft (Jmperial Royal Agricul-
tural Society).
Landes-Museum (National Museum).
Slovenischer Literatur-Verein (Slovenic eee Society).

Landshut (Bavaria)—Botanischer Verein (Botanic Society).

Historischer Verein fiir Niederbaiern (/istorical Society of
Lower Bavaria).
Leipzig (Saxony)—Dr. Felix Fliigel (Agent Smithsonian Institution).
Astronomische Gesellschaft (Astronomical Society).
Central-Verein Deutscher Zahniirzte (Central Union of German
Dentists).

Deutsches Central-Museum fiir Vélkerkunde (German Central
Museum of Ethnology).

Deutsche Morgenlindische Gesellschaft (German Oriental So-
ciety).

F. A. Brockhaus’ Verlagsbuchhandlung (fF. A. Brockhaus’ Pub-
lishing House).

Fiirstlich Jablonowski’sche Geseilschaft (Prince of Jablonowski’s

Society).

GERMANY, INCLUDING AUSTRO-HUNGARY. 53

Geologische Landesuntersuchung des Kénigreiches Sachsen (G'e-
ological Survey of the Kingdom of Saxony).

Handels-kammer (Chamber of Commerce).

Kéniglich Siichsische Gesellschaft der Wissenschaften (Royal
Saxonian Society of Sciences).

Landwirthschaftlicher Kreisverein (Agricultural District Union).

Landwirthschaftliches Institut der Universitit Leipzig (Agricul-
tural Institute of the Leipzig University).

Leipziger Zweigverein der Gesellschaft fiir Verreitung von
Volksbildung (Leipsie Branch of the Society for the Diffusion
of Knowledge amongst the People).

Medicinische Gesellschaft (Medical Society).

Oeffentliche Handels-Lebhranstalt (Public Commercial Institute).

Polytechnische Gesellschaft (Polytechnical Association).

Redaction des Archivs fiir Anatomie, Physiologie und wissen-

_ schaftliche Medicin (Veit & Co.) (Archives of Anatomy,
Physiology, and Medical Science).

Redaction der Jahrbiicher fiir wissenschaftliche Botanik (Annals
of Scientific Botany).

Redaction der Zeitschrift fiir wissenschaftliche Zoologie (Journal
of Scientific Zoology).

Redaction des Deutschen Archivs fiir Klinische Medecin
(German Archives of Clinical Medical Science).

Stadt-Bibliothek (City Library).

Stiidtische Realschule (City S‘Real School’).

Statistisches Bureau (Statistical Bureau).

Taubstummen-Anstalt (Deaf and Dumb Institute).

Universitits-Bibliothek (University Library).

Universitiits-Sternwarte (University Observatory).

Verein fiir Anthropologie (Anthropological Society).

Verein Deutscher Hisenbahn-Verwaltungen (German Railroad
Managers’ Union).

Verein von Freunden der Erdkunde (Society of Friends of
Geography).

Verein fiir Volkskindergirten (Society of National ‘‘Kinder-
garten).

Leisnig (Saxony) —Geschichts- und Alterthumsforschender Verein
(Historical and Archexological Society).

Leoben (Austria) —K. K. Berg-Akademie (Jmperial Royal Mining
Academy).

54 LIST OF FOREIGN CORRESPONDENTS.

Lemberg (Austria)—Biblioteka Zakladu Ossolinskich (Library).
Liegnitz (Prussta)—Landwirthschaftlicher Verein (Agricultural So-
ciety).
Linz (Austria) — Handels- und Gewerbekammer Oberdsterreichs
(Chamber of Commerce of Upper Austria).
K. K. Landwirthschafts-Gesellschaft (Royal Imperial Agricul-
tural Society).
Museum Francisco-Carolinum (Francisco-Carolinum Museum).

Lubeck (Hanse- Town)—Gesellschaft zur Beférderung gemeinniitziger
Thitigkeit (Society for the Advancement of Useful Industry).
Naturhistorisches Museum (Museum of Natural History).
Stadt-Bibliothek (City Library).
Verein fiir liibeckische Geschichte (Society of Lubeck History).
Luneburg (Prussia)—Alterthums-Verein (Archeological Society).
Naturwissenschaftlicher Verein (Society of Natural Science).

Magdeburg (Prussia) — Naturwissenschaftlicher Verein (Society of
Natural Science).

Mainz (Hesse) —Grossherzogliche Handels-Kammer (Grand-ducal
Chamber of Commerce).

Verein zur Erforschung der Rheinischen Geschichte und Alter-
thiimer (Society for Research in Rhenish History and Ar-
cheeology). -

Mannheim (Baden)—Grossherz. Gymnasium (Grand-ducal “‘Gym-
“nasium’’). ;
Grossherz. Sternwarte (Grand-ducal Observatory).
Verein fiir Naturkunde (Society of Natural Science).

Marburg (Prussia) — Gesellschaft zur Beférderung der gesammten
Naturwissenschaften (Society for the Advancement of Natural
Sciences in general).

Sternwarte ( Observatory).
Universitiits-Bibliothek (University Library).

Meersburg (Baden)—Grossherz. Badische allgem. Taubstummen-
Anstalt (Grand Duchy of Baden General Deaf and Dumb
Institute).

Meiningen (Saze- Meiningen) — Hennebergischer Alterthumsfor-
schender Verein (Hennebery Archzological Society).

Verein fiir Pomologie und Gartenbau (Pomological and Horti-
cultural Association).

Meissen (Saxony)—Gesellschaft ‘Isis’ (Society ‘Tsis’’).

GERMANY, INCLUDING AUSTRO-HUNGARY. 55

Metz (Lorraine) — Académie Impériale de Metz (Imperial Academy
of Metz).
Société d’ Histoire Naturelle du Département de la Moselle (So-
ciety of Natural History of the Department of the Moselle).
Société des Sciences Médicales (Society of Medical Sciences)

Muhlhausen (Alsace)—Société Industrielle (Industrial Society).

Munchen: Munich (Bavaria)—Baierische Gartenbau-Gesellschaft
(Bavarian Horticultural Society).

Geographische Gesellschaft (Geographical Society).

Historischer Verein fiir Oberbaiern (Historical Society of Upper
Bavaria).

Konigl. Baierische Akademie der Wissenschaften (Royal Bava-
rian Academy of Sciences).

Konigl. Baierische Statistisches Bureau (Royal Bavarian Sta-
tistical Bureau).

Konigl. Botanischer Garten (Royal Botanical Garden).

Konigl. General-Quartiermeister-Stab (Quartermaster -Gene-
ral).

Konig]. Hof- und Staats-Bibliothek (Royal Court and State
Library). ;

Konigl. Staats-Ministerium (Royal Department of State).

Konigl. Sternwarte (Royal Observatory).

Konig]. Taubstummen-Anstalt (Royal Deaf and Dumb Insti-
tule).

Landwirthschaftlicher Verein (Agricultural Society). °

Ministerium des offentlichen Unterrichts (Department of Public
Instruction).

Polytechnischer Verein (Polytechnical Society).

Redaction der Zeitschrift fiir Biologie (Journal of Biology).

Universitiits-Bibliothek (University Library).

Munster (Prussia) — Landwirthschaftlicher Provinzial-Verein fiir
Westphalen und Lippe (Agricultural Provincial Society of
Westphalia and Lippe).

Sternwarte (Observatory).
Verein fiir Geschichte und Alterthiimer Westphalens (Society
of Westphalian History and Archeology). /

Neisse (Prussia) —Katholisches Gymnasium (Catholic ‘“Gymna-
sium”),

Philomathische Gesellschaft (Philomathic Society).
Realschule (““Real School”).

56 LIST OF FOREIGN CORRESPONDENTS.

Neu Titschin (Auwstria)—Landwirthschaftlicher Verein (Agricul-
tural Society).
Nordhausen (Prussia)—Wissenschaftlicher Verein (Scientific As-
sociation).
Nurnberg (Bavaria)—Baierisches Gewerbe-Museum (Bavarian
Polytechnical Museum).
Germanisches Museum.
Gewerbe-Verein (Polytechnical Society).
Naturhistorische Gesellschaft (Natural History Society).
Ofen. See Budapest.
Offenbach (Prussia)—Grossherzogliche Handels-Kammer (Grand-
ducal Chamber of Commerce).
Verein fiir Naturkunde (Society of Natural Science).
Oldenburg (Oldenburg) —Gewerbe- und Handelsverein (Chamber
of Trade and Commerce).
Grossherzogliche Bibliothek (Grand-ducal Library).
Olmutz (Austria)—K. K. Deutsches Gymnasium (Royal Imperial
German Gymnasium).
K. K. Ober-Realschule (Royal Imperial Upper “Real School’).
K. K. Studien-Bibliothek (Jtoyal Imperial Collegiate Library).
Sternwarte ( Observatory).
Osnabruck (Hannover)—Historischer Verein (Historical Society).
Naturwissenschaftlicher Verein (Society of Natural Science).
Passau (Bavaria)—Naturhistorischer Verein (Natural History So-
ciety).
Praktische Gartenbau-Gesellschaft in Baiern (Practical Horti-
cultural Society of Bavaria).
Plauen (Saxony)—Gymnasium und Realschule (“Gymnasium and
Real School’’).
Verein fiir Natur- und Heilkunde (Society of Natural and
Medical Science).

Pola (Austria)—K. K. Hydrographisches Depot (Royal Imperial
Hydrographic Depot).

Posen (Prussia) —Naturwissenschaftlicher Verein (Society of Na-
tural Science).

Stidtische Realschule (‘‘Real School”).

Potsdam (Prussia) — Landwirthschaftlicher Provinzial-Verein fii
die Mark Brandenburg und Niederlausitz (Agricultural Pro.
vincial Union of the Province of Brandenburg and Nether
Lusatia).

GERMANY, INCLUDING AUSTRO-HUNGARY. 57

Verein zur Beférderung des Seidenbaues in der Mark Branden-
burg u. der Niederlausitz (Association for the Promotion of
Silk-worm Culture in the Province of Brandenburg and
Nether Lusatia).

Prag (Austria) — Béhmische Chemische Gesellschaft (Bohemian

Chemical Association).

Bohmischer Gewerbe-Verein (Bohemian Polytechnical Union).

Deutscher Polytechnischer Verein (German Polytechnical
Union).

KGéniglich Béhmische Gesellschaft der Wissenschaften (Royal
Bohemian Society of Sciences).

Koéniglich Béhmisches Museum (Royal Bohemian Museum).

K. K. Sternwarte (Royal Imperial Observatory).

Medicinische Facultit (Medical Faculty)

Naturhistorischer Verein ‘‘Lotos’ (Natural History Society
“Totos’’).

Schafziichter-Verein fiir Bohmen (Sheep-breeders’ Union of
Bohemia).

Universitiits-Bibliothek (University Library).

Verein fiir Geschichte der Deutschen in Bohmen (Society of the
History of the Germans in Bohemia).

Verein zur Ermunterung des Gewerbsgeistes in Bdhmen (Society
Sor the Encouragement of Industrial Enterprise in Bo.
hemia).

Premslaff (bei Labes) (Praussi’a)—Pommersche Oekonomische Ge-
sellschaft (Pomeranian Economical Association).
Pressburg (Hungary) — Districts- Handels- und Gewerbe-Kammer

(District Chamber of Commerce and Trade).
Handels und Gewerbe Kammer.
Verein fiir Naturkunde (Society of Natural Science).
Verein fiir Natur- und Heilkunde (Society of Natural and
Medical Science).
Pribram (Austria) —K. K. Berg-Direction (Royal Imperial “Di.
rection of Mines”).

Proskau—Landwirthschaftliche Akademie (Agricultural Academy).

Rastadt ( Baden ) —Grossherzogliches Gymnasium (Grand- ducal
“Gymnasium’”).

Ravensburg (Wiirtemberg)—Deutscher Pomologen-Verein (Ger-
man Pomological Society).

58 LIST OF FOREIGN CORRESPONDENTS.

Regensburg (Bavaria) — Historischer Verein fiir die Ober - Pfalz
(Historical Society of the Upper Palatinate).
K. Baierischer Apotheker-Verein (Royal Bavarian Apotheca-
ries’ Association).
K. Baierische Botanische Gesellschaft (Royal Bavarian Botan-
ical Society).
Zoologisch-Mineralogischer Verein (Zoological-Mineralogical
Society).
Reichenbach (Sazony)—Voigtlind. Verein fiir Naturkunde ( Voigt-
land Society of Natural Science).
Reichenberg ( Austria )—Verein der Naturfreunde (Naturalists’
Association).
Reutlingen ( Wiirtemberg) — Pomologisches Institut (Pomological
Institute).
Rostock (Mecklenburg) — Mecklenburgischer Patriotischer Verein
(Mecklenburg Patriotic Association). .
Universitiits-Bibliothek (University Library).
Rovereto (Austria) —I. R. Accademia di Lettere e Scienze degli
Agiati.
I. R. Scuola Reale Elisabettina.
St. Polten (Austria) — Nieder.- Oesterr. Landes- Ober-Realschule
(National “Real School” of Lower Austria).

Salzburg (Austria)—K. K. Landwirthschafts-Gesellschaft (Imperial
Royal Agricultural Society).
Stidtisches Museum Carolino-Augusteum (‘‘ Musewm Carolino
Augusteun’’).
Scharssburg (Austria)—Gymnasium (‘Gymnasium’).
Schwerin (Mecklenburg - Schwerin) — Grossherz. Jandes- Vermes-
sungs Commission (Grand-ducal Survey).
Grossherzogliches Statistisches Bureau (Grand-ducal Statistical
Bureau).
Regierungs-Bibliothek (Government Library).
Verein fiir Mecklenburgische Geschichte und Alterthumskunde
(Society of the History and Archexology of Mecklenburg).
Sigmaringen (Prussia)—Landwirthschaftliche Centralstelle des Ve-
reins zur Befdrderung der Landwirthschaft und der Gewerbe
fiir die Hohenzollernschen Lande (Agricultural Central Bu-
reau for the Promotion of Agriculture and Trade in the States
of Hohenzollern).

GERMANY, INCLUDING AUSTRO-HUNGARY. 59

Sondershausen (Schwarzburg- Sondershausen) — Fiirstliche Real-
Schule (Princely “Real School’).
Fiirstlich Schwarzburgisches Gymnasium (Prince of Schwarzen-
burg “ Gymnasium’).
Verein zur Befdrderung der Landwirthschaft (Society for the
Promotion of Agriculture).
Speier (Bavaria) —Historischer Verein fur Rheinbaiern (//istorical
Association of Rhenish Bavaria).
Sternwarte des Konig]. Lyceums in Speier ( Observatory of the
Royal Lyceum of Speyer).

Stade (Prussia)—Verein fiir Geschichte und Alterthiimer (Society of
History and Antiquities).

Stettin (Prussia) —Entomologischer Verein (Entomological Society).
Gesellschaft fiir pommersche Geschichte und Alterthumskunde
(Society of Pommeranian History and Archeology).

Strassburg (Alsace)—Bibliothéque Municipale de Strasbourg (Strass-

burg City Library).

K. Universitits- und Landes-Bibliothek (Royal University and
National Library).

Muséum d’ Histoire Naturelle (Museum of Natural History).

Société pour la Conservation des Monuments historiques d’ Alsace
(Society for the Preservation of Historical Monuments of the
Alsace).

Société des Sciences, Agriculture et Arts de la Basse-Alsace
(Society of Sciences, Agriculture, and Arts of Lower Alsace).

Société des Sciences Naturelles de Strasbourg. (See Nancy.)
(Society of Natural Sciences of Strassburg.)

Sternwarte ( Observatory).

Strelitz (Mecklenburg) —Verein der Freunde der Naturgeschichte
(Society of the Friends of Natural History).

Stuttgart ( Wiirtemberg)—Scine Majestiit der Konig von Wiirtemberg

(His Majesty the King of Wurtembery).

Central-Leitung des Wohlthitigkeits-Verein in Wiirttemberg
(Central Board of the Charitable Society of Wurtembery).

Gartenbau-Gesellschaft ‘‘ Flora” (Horticultural Society ‘‘ Flora’).

Gesellschaft fiir die Weinverbesserung in Wiirtemberg (Asso-
ciation for the Improvement of Wine culture in Wurtemberg).

Gewerbe-Verein (Polytechnical Society).

Heilgymuastisches Institut. (Dr. Roth.) (Orthopedic Institute.)

60

LIST OF FOREIGN CORRESPONDENTS.

K. Centralstelle fiir G@ewerbe und Handel (Royal Central Bureau
of Trade and Commerce).

K. Centralstelle fiir die Landwirthschaft (Royal Central Bureau
of Agriculture).

K. Oeffentliche Bibliothek (Royal Public Library).

K. Statistisch-topographisches Bureau (Jeoyal Statistical - Topo-
graphical Bureau).

KGénigliches Staats Archiv (Royal Archives of State).

Verein fiir Vaterlind. Naturkunde in Wiirtemberg (Society of
the Naturel History of Wurtemberg).

Verein zur Fiirsorge fiir entlassene Strafgefangene (Society for
Providing for Discharged Prisoners).

Wiirtembergischer Alterthums-Verein (Archeological Society of
Wurtemberg).

Wiirtembergischer Aerztlicher Verein (Medical Association of
Wurtemberg).

Wiirttembergischer Thierschutz-Verein ( Wurtemberg Society for
the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals).

Tharand—K. Siichsische Akademie fiir Land und Forstwirthe (Acad-

emy for Agriculturists and Foresters).

Thorn ( Prussia )—Copernicus-Verein fiir Wissenschaft und Kunst

(Copernicus Association of Science and Art).

Trient (Ausiria)—Oesterreichischer Alpen- Verein (Austrian Alpine

Club).
Societs Alpina del Trentino (Alpine Club of Trient).

Trier (Prussia) —Gesellschaft fiir niitzliche Forschungen *(Society

Jor Useful Researches).

Trieste (Austria) —Civico Museo Ferdinando-Massimiliano (Ferdi-

nand Maximilian City Museum).

Gartenbau. Gesellschaft des Litorales (Horticultural Society of
the Litorales).

K. K. Nautische Akademie (Director, H. Littrow) (Imp. Royal
Nautical Academy).

Observatory.

Societ&’ Adriatica di Scienze Naturali (Adriatic Society of Nat
ural Sciences).

Societi’ Gabinetta di Minerva.

Societ& Scientifico Letteraria della Minerva (Minerva Scientific
Literary Society).

Tubingen (Wiirtemberg)—K. Universitiits-Bibliothek (oy ye Uni-

versity Library).
Landwirthschaftlicher Verein (Agricultural Society).

GERMANY, INCLUDING AUSTRO-HUNGARY. 61

Ulm (Wiirtemberg)—Naturwissenschaftliche Gesellschaft (Society of
Natural Science).
Verein fiir Kunst und Alterthum in Oberschwaben (Society of
Art and Archeology of Upper Swabia).
Waren (Mecklenburg)—Von Maltzansches Naturhistorisches Muse-
um (Von Malzan Natural History Museum).

Weiheustephan (Bavaria) —K6n Bayer Landwirthsch. Central-
Schule (Central Agricultural School).

Weilburg (Prussia) —Verein Nassauischer Aerzte (Nassau Phy-
sictans’ Association).

Weimar (Saxe-Weimar)—Geographisches Institut (Geographical
Institute).
Verein fiir Blumistik und Gartenbau (Society for Flower- and
Horticulture).

Weinsberg (Wiirtemberg) —Historischer Verein fiir das Wiirtem-
bergische Franken (Historical Society of Wurtemberg-Fran-
» kenia).

Wernigerode (Prussia) — Harz-Verein fiir Geschichte und Alter-
thumskunde (Society of the Hartz for History and Arche-
ology).

Wien (Vienna) (Austria)—Seine Kaiserlich-Kénigliche Majestit
der Kaiser von Oesterreich - Ungarn (His Imperial Royal
Majesty the Emperor of Austro-Hungary).

Allgem. Oester. Apotheker-Verein (Austrian Apothecaries’
Association).

Anthropologische Gesellschaft (Anthropological Society).

Handels- und Gewerbekammer (Chamber of Trade and Com-
merce).

Hydrographische Anstalt der Kais. Oesterr. Marine (Hydrogra-
phic Bureau of the Imp. Austrian Navy).

Kaiserliche Akademie der Wissenschaften (Imperial Academy
of Sciences).

Kk. K. Ackerbau-Ministerium (Imp. Royal Agricultural De-
partment).

K. K. Central-Anstalt fiir Meteorologie u. Erd-Magnetismus
(Imp. Royal Central Institute of Meteorology and Terrestrial
Magnetism).

K. K. Gartenbau-Gesellschaft (Imp. Royal Horticultural Soci-

ety).
50

62

LIST OF FOREIGN CORRESPONDENTS.

K. K. Geographische Gesellschaft (Jmperia. Royal Geographic
Society).

K. K. Geologische Reichsanstalt (Imperial Royal Geological
“‘Reichsanstalt’’).

K. K. Gesellschaft der Aerzte (Imperial Royal Society of Phy-
sicians).

K. K. Handels-Ministerium (Jmp. Royal Department of Com-
merce).

K. K. Hofbibliothek (Imperial Royal Library).

K. K. Mineralogisches Hof-Museum (Imp. Royal Mineralog.
Museum).

K. K. Hof- und Staatsdruckerei (Imp. Royal State Printing
Office).

K. K. Kriegs-Ministerium (Jmp. Royal Department of War).

K. K. Landwirthschafts-Gesellschaft (Imp. Royal Agricultural
Society).

K. K. Marine Ober-Commando (Commander -in- Chief of the
Imperial Royal Navy).

K. K. Militiir-Geographisches Institut (Imp. Royal Military
Geographical Institute)..

K. K. Ministerium des Aeussern (Imp. Royal Department for
Foreign Affairs).

K. K. Ministerium fiir Cultur und Unterricht (Imp. Royal De-
partment of Culture and Instruction).

K. K. Ministerium des Innern (Imperial Royal Department of
the Interior).

K. K. Naturalien-Kabinet (Imperial Royal Natural History
Museum).

K. K. Ober-Gymnasium zu den Schotten (Imp. Royal Higher
“Gymnasium zu den Schotten’’).

K. K. Oesterr. Museum fiir Kunst und Industrie (Imp. Royal
Austrian Museum of Art and Industry).

K. K. Schottenfelder Ober-Realschule (Jmperial Royal Schot-
tenfeld “Upper Real School’’).

K. K. Statistische Central-Commission (Imperial Royal Statis-
tical Central Commission).

K. K. Sternwarte (Imperial Royal Observatory).

K. K. Zoologisch-Botanische Gesellschaft (Imp. Royal Zoolog-
ical-Botanical Society).

K. K. Zoologisches Museum (Imp. Royal Zoological Museum).

GERMANY, INCLUDING AUSTRO-HUNGARY. 63

Marine-Section des K. K. Reichs- Kriegs-Ministeriums (Naval
Section of the Imp. Royal Depart. of War).

Niederésterreichischer Gewerbe-Verein (Polytechnical Assoct-
ation of Nether Austria).

Oesterr. Gesellschaft fiir Meteorologie (Austrian Society of
Meteorology).

Oesterr. Ingenieur- und Architecten-Verein (Austrian Engineer
and Architects’ Association).

Orientalisches Museum (Oriental Musewm).

Photographische Gesellschaft (Photographical Society).

Polytechnische Gesellschaft (Polytechnical Society).

Redaction der Wiener numismatischen Monatshefte (the Vienna
Numismatic Monthly).

Universitiits-Bibliothek (University Library).

Verein zur Verbreitung naturwissenschaftlicher Kenntnisse (So-
ciety for the Diffusion of Knowledge of Natural Science).

Verein zur Versorgung und Beschiiftigung erwachsener Blinden
(Society for the Maintenance and Employment of Blind
Adults).

Wiener Thierschutz-Verein (Vienna Society for the Preven-
tion of Cruelty to Animals).

Wissenschaftlicher Club, Eschenbachgasse No. 9 (Scientific
Club).

Wiesbaden (Prussia)—Gewerbe-Verein fiir das Herzogthum Nassau

(Polytechnical Union for the Duchy of Nassau).

Verein fiir Nassauische Geschichte u. Alterthumskunde (Society
Jor the History and Archeology of Nassau).

Verein fiir Naturkunde (Society of Natural Science).

Verein Nassauischer Land- und Forstwirthe (Society of Agri-
culturists and Foresters of Nassau).

Wilhelmshaven (Prussia)—Marine-Sternwarte (Naval Observa-

tory).

Worms (Hesse)—Grossherz. Gymnasium (Grand-ducal “Gymna-

sium’).
Grossherz. Hess. Handels-Kammer (Grand-ducal Hessian
Chamber of Commerce).

Wurzburg (Bavaria) —Historischer Verein von Unterfranken und

Aschaffenburg (Historical Society of Lower Franconia and
Aschaffenburq).

64 LIST OF FOREIGN CORRESPONDENTS.

Physikalisch-Medicinische Gesellschaft (Physico- Medical Soci-
ety).
Polytechnischer Central-Verein (Central Polytechnical Union).
Redaction der Jahresberichte der Physiologie (Hditor of the
Annual Reports of Physiology).
Universitiits-Bibliothek (University Library).
Zara (Austria)—Societd Economica di Dalmazia (Heonomical So-
ciety of Dalmatia).
Zittau (Saxony)—Gewerbe-Verein (Polytechnical Society).
Zweibrucken CE CL LEE Verein (Society of
Natural History).
Zwickau ( Saxony )—Verein fiir Naturkunde (Society of Natural
Science).

GREAT BRITAIN AND IRELAND. 65

GREAT BRITAIN AND IRELAND.

ENGLAND.

Alnwick—Berwickshire N aturalists’ Club.

Aylesbury—Buckinghamshire Architectural and Archeological So-
- ciety.
Bath—Bath and West of England Agricultural Society.
Bath Natural History and Antiquarian Field Club.

Bedford—Bedfordshire Architectural and Archeological Society.

Birmingham— Birmingham Natural History and Microscopical So-
ciety.
Free Reference Library.
Institution of Mechanical Engineers.

Blackburn—Free Library and Museum.
Boston (Lincolnshire)—Working Men’s College.
Brighton—Brighton and Sussex Natural History Society.

Bristol— Bristol Institution for the Advancement of Science, Litera-
ture, and the Fine Arts.
Bristol Museum and Library.
Bristol Naturalists’ Society.
Bury St. Edmunds—Suffolk Institute of Archeology and Natural
History.
Cambridge—Cambridge Antiquarian Society.
Cambridge Free Library.
Cambridge Observatory.
Cambridge Philosophical Society.
Journal of Anatomy and Physiology.
University Library.
Woodwardian Museum.
Chester—Chester and Cheshire Architectural and Archeological So-
ciety.
Churts (near Farnham)—Mr. R. Carrington’s Observatory.
5

66 LIST OF FOREIGN CORRESPONDENTS.

Cirencester—Royal Agricultural College.
Cotteswold—Cotteswold Naturalists’ Field Club.
Devizes—Wiltshire Archzological and Natural History Society.

Devonshire — Devonshire Association for the Advancement of Sci-
ence, Literature, and Art.

Doncaster—Yorkshire Institution for the Deaf and Dumb.

Dover—East Kent Natural History Society.

Dudley —Dudley and Midland Geological and Scientific Society and
Field Club. éf

Durham—Observatory.

Eton—Kton College.

Exeter—Albert Memorial Museum.
Devon and Exeter Institution.

Teign Naturalists’ Field Club.
Falmouth—Royal Cornwall Polytechnie Society.
Farnboro’ Station (Hants)—Royal Military College.
Greenwich—Royal Observatory.
Huddersfield—Yorkshire Archeological and Topographical Associa-
tion.

Hull—Hull Literary and Philosophical Society.
Subscription Library.

} Royal Institution.
Keighley—Keighley Agricultural Society.
Kew—Royal Botanic Gardens.

Observatory.
Leamington—Leamington Philosophical Society. —
Leeds—Geological and Polytechnic Society of the West Riding of

Yorkshire.

Leeds Philosophical and Literary Society.

Leeds Public Library.

Quarterly Journal of Conchology (9 Wade St.).

Yorkshire College of Science.
Leicester—Leicester Free Library.

Leicester Literary and Philosophical Society.

Leicester Town Museum.

Lewes—Sussex Archeological Society.
Leyton (Lssex)—Private Observatory of Joseph G. Barclay.

GREAT BRITAIN AND IRELAND. 67

Liverpool—Architectural and Archeological Society.

Derby Museum.

Free Public Library, Museum, and Gallery of Art of the Town
of Liverpool.

Geological Society.

Historic Society of Lancashire and Cheshire.

Literary and Philosophical Society.

Liverpool Chemists’ Association.

Liverpool Naturalists’ Field Club.

Liverpool Polytechnic Society.

Observatory.

Royal Institution.

London—Her Majesty the Queen of Great Britain and Ireland.

William Wesley, Bookseller, 28 Essex Street, Strand (Agent
Smithsonian Institution).

Aborigines Protection Society.

Aéronautical Society of Great Britain.

Agent-General for New Zealand (7 Westminster Chambers, Vic-
toria St., Westminster S. W.).

Annals and Magazine of Natural History.

Anthropological Institute of Great Britain and Ireland.

Architectural Publication Society.

Art Union of London.

Arundel Society.

Athenzum Club.

Mr. Bishop’s Observatory, 18 Ropemaker’s St., Finsbury.

Board of Admiralty.

Board of Trade.

British Archzeological Association.

British Association for the Advancement of Science.

British Homeopathic Society.

British Horological Institute.

British Meteorological Society.

British Museum.

Camden Society.

_ Chemical News.

Chemical Society of London.

Chemist and Druggist.

Chronological Institute of London.

Civil and Mechanical Engineers’ Society (7 Westminster Cham-

bers).

68

‘Library of Corporation of City of London.

LIST OF FOREIGN CORRESFONDENTS.

Cobden Club.

Corps of Royal Engineers.

Department of Practical Art.

Duke of Northumberland.

Karly English Text Society.

Kast India Association.

English Mechanic and Mirror of Science.
Entomological Society.

Entomologist.

Entomologists’ Monthly Magazine.
Epidemiological Society.

Ethnological Journal

Prof. W. H. Flower.

Genealogical and Historical Society.

Geological Magazine.

Geological Society of London.

Geologists’ Association.

Great Seal Patent Office.

Gresham College.

Guy’s Hospital Physical Society.

Hakluyt Society.

Hardwicke’s Science-Gossip (M. C. Cooke).
Harveian Medical Society of London.

Howard Association.

Hudson’s Bay Company’s Library.

Hunterian Society.

The Ibis, a Magazine of General Ornithology.
Institute of Actuaries of Great Britain and Ireland.
Institution of Civil Engineers (25 Great George St.).
Institution of Hydronomical and Nautical Engineers.
Institution of Naval Architects.

Inventors’ Institute.

Journal of Applied Science (P. L. Simmonds).
Land and Water.

Library of Committee of Privy Council for Trade.

Library of the Foreign Office.

Library of the Hon. the East India Company.

Library of the House of Commons.

Library of the House of Lords.

Lindley Library, Royal Horticultural Society, South Kensington.

et a em i De i

GREAT BRITAIN AND IRELAND. 69

Linnean Society.

London, Edinburgh, and Dublin Philosophical Magazine.
London Institution (Finsbury Circus).

London Library (12 St. James’ Square, 8. W.).
London Mathematical Society.

London Mechanics’ Institution.

London and Middlesex Archeological Society.
Medical Society of London.

Meteorological Office, 116 Victoria Street.
Meteorological Society.

Museum of Guy’s Hospital.

Museum of Practical Geology.

National Association for the Promotion of Social Science.
Nature.

Nautical Almanac Office.

Numismatic Society.

Obstetrical Society of London.

Odontological Society of Great Britain.
Paleontographical Society.

Palzontological Society.

Palestine Exploration Fund.

Pathological Society.

Pharmaceutical Society.

Philological Society.

Photographic Society.

Physical Society of London.

Popular Science Review.

Post-Office Library and Literary Association.
Quarterly Journal of Science.

Quekett Microscopical Club.

Ray Society.

Record Department, India Office.

Royal Agricultural Society of England.

Royal Archeological Institute of Great Britain and Ireland.
Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland.
Royal Astronomical Society (Burlington House, Piccadilly, W.).
Royal Botanic Society.

Royal College of Physicians of London.

Royal College of Surgeons of England.

Royal Colonial Institute.

Royal Geographical Society of London.

70 LIST OF FOREIGN CORRESPONDENTS.

Royal Historical Society (11 Chandos St., Cavendish Square).
Royal Horticultural Society of London.

Royal Humane Society.

Royal Institute of British Architects.

Royal Institution of Great Britain.

Royal Medical and Chirurgical Society.

Royal Microscopical Society.

Royal National Life-Boat Institution.

Royal Society of Literature.

Royal Society of London.

Royal United Service Institution.

Rugby School Natural History Society.

Science and Art Department (South Kensington).
Scientific Opinion.

Silk Supply Association.

Society of Antiquaries of London.

Society of Apothecaries of London.

Society of Biblical Archeology.

Society for the Encouragement of Arts, Manufactures, and Com-

merce.
Society of Engineers.
Society for the Promotion of Christian Knowledge.
Society for the Propagation of the Gospel in Foreign Parts.
Society of Public Analysts.
Society of Telegraph Engineers.
St. Bartholomew’s Hospital.
Statistical Society of London.
Surrey Archeological Society.
Syro-Egyptian Society.
Triibner & Co., Booksellers (57 and 59 Ludgate Hill).
University College.
Victoria Institute; or Philosophical Society of Great Britain.
Worshipful Company of Clockmakers.
Zoological Record Association.
Zoological Society of London.
Zoologist.

Macclesfield— Macclesfield Society for Acquiring Useful Knowl-
edge. '
Maidstone—Kent Archeological Society.

Ae Se ae ee gs ie

GREAT BRITAIN AND IRELAND. 71

Manchester—Chetham’s Library.
Geological Society.
Lancashire Independent College.
Literary and Philosophical Soc. of Manchester.
Manchester Field Naturalists’ Society.
Manchester Free Library and Museum.
Manchester Literary Club.
Manchester Scientific Students’ Association.
Numismatic Society.
Owen’s College.

Newcastle-upon-Tyne—Antiquarian Society.
College of Physical Science.
Institute of Mining and Mechanical Engineers.
Literary and Philosophical-Society.
Natural History Society of Northumberland, Durham, and New
castle-upon-Tyne.
Reading Room.
Tyneside Naturalists’ Field Club.

Norwich—Norfolk and Norwich Archeological Society.
Norfolk and Norwich Museum.
Norfolk and Norwich Naturalists’ Society.

Nottingham — Free Library and Museum of the Borough of Not-
tingham.
Nottingham Literary and Philosophical Society.
Nottingham Mechanics’ Institution.
Nottingham School of Art.
United Lunatic Asylum.

Oxford—Ashmolean Society.
Bodleian Library.
Magdalen College.
Museum of Natural History.
Oxford Architectural and Historical Society.
Oxford Free Library.
Oxford University.
Oxford University Entomological Society.
Oxford University Observatory.
Radcliffe Library.
Radcliffe Observatory.
Savilian Observatory.

/

72 LIST OF FOREIGN CORRESPONDENTS.

Penzance—Natural History and Antiquarian Society.
Penzance Public Library.
Royal Geological Society of Cornwall.

Plymouth— Plymouth Institution and Devon and Cornwall Natural
History Society.

Plymouth Museum.

Portsmouth—Royal Naval College.

Richmond—Richmond and North Riding Naturalists’ Field Club.
Kew Observatory.

Rugby—Natural History Society of Rugby School.

Ryde (isle of Wight)—Philosophical and Scientific Society.

St. Albans—St. Albans Architectural and Archeological Society.

Salford—Salford Borough Royal Museum and Library.
Town Council of Salford.
Working-Men’s College.

Salisbury—Blackmore Museum.
Sandhurst—Royal Military College.
Sheffield—Literary and Philosophical Society.

Shrewsbury —Shropshire and North Wales Natural History and
Antiquarian Society.
Southampton—Hartley Institution.
Ordnance Trigonometrical Survey of Great Britain and Ireland.
South of England Literary and Philosophical Society.

South Shields—Public Free Library.
Stonyhurst—Stonyhurst College.
Taunton—Somersetshire Archeological and Natural History Society.
Teignmouth—Teign Naturalists’ Field Club.
Torquay—Natural History Society.
Truro—Miners’ Association of Cornwall and Devon.
Royal Institution of Cornwall.
Twickenham—Twickenham Economic Museum.
Warrington—Warrington Museum.
Warwick—Warwickshire Natural History and Archeological Society.
W atford—Watford Natural History Society and Hertfordshire Field
Club.
Whitby—Literary and Philosophical Society.

GREAT BRITAIN AND IRELAND. 73

Woolhope—Woolhope Naturalists’ Field Club.

Woolwich—Royal Artillery Institution.
Royal Military Academy.
Wycombe—High Wycombe Natural History Society.

York—Yorkshire Agricultural Society.
Yorkshire Philosophical Society.

IRELAND.

Armagh—Observatory.
Public Library.

Belfast—Belfast Institution.
Belfast Naturalists’ Field Club.
Chemico-Agricultural Society of Ulster.
Flax Supply Association.
Natural History and Philosophical Society.
North-East Agricultural Association.
Queen’s College.

Cork—Cuvierian and Archeological Society.
Library of Queen’s College.
Royal Cork Institution.

Dublin—Catholic College of Ireland.
Catholic Institution for the Deaf and Dumb.
Chemical Society of Dublin.
Deaf and Dumb Institution of Cobla.
Dublin University.
Geological Survey of Ireland.
Institution of Civil Engineers of Ireland.
Tnstitution for Deaf and Dumb (Claremont).
Library of Trinity College.
National Association for Promoting the Education of the Deaf

and Dumb Poor of Ireland. ;

Observatory.
Royal Agricultural Society.
Royal Dublin Society.
Royal Geological Society of Ireland.
Royal Irish Academy.
Royal Zoological Society of Ireland.

Galway—Library of Queen’s College.
Kilkenny—BRoyal Historical and Archeological Association of Ireland.

74 LIST OF FOREIGN CORRESPONDENTS.

Londonderry—Magee College.
Maynooth—St. Patrick’s College.
Parsonstown—Lord Rosse’s Observatory.

SCOTLAND.

Aberdeen—Observatory.
Philosophical Society.
University.

Alloa—Society of Natural Science and Archeology.

Dumfries— Dumfriesshire and Galloway Natural History and Anti-
quarian Society.

Edinburgh—Board of Northern Lighthouses.
Botanical Society.
Caledonian Horticultural Society.
Edinburgh Geological Society.
Edinburgh Watt Institution and School of Arts.
Faculty of Advocates.
General Board of Lunacy.
Geological Survey of Scotland.
Highland and Agricultural Society of Scotland.
Horological Society of Edinburgh.
Medico-Chirurgical Society of Edinburgh.
Meteorological Society of Scotland.
Pharmaceutical Society (North British Branch).
Royal Botanic Garden of Edinburgh.
Royal College of Physicians.
Royal Institution for Encouragement of Fine Arts in Scotland.
Royal Observatory.
Royal Physical Society.
Royal Scottish Society of Arts.
Royal Society of Edinburgh.
Scottish Arboricultural Society.
Society of Antiquaries of Scotland.
Society of Writers to H. M. Signet.
University Library.

Glasgow—Andersonian Institute.
Anderson’s University.
Archeological Society.
Geological Society.

GREAT BRITAIN AND IRELAND. 75

Glasgow College.

Glasgow Medical Journal.

Glasgow and West of Scotland Medical Association.

Institution of Engineers and Shipbuilders in Scotland.

Natural History Society of Glasgow.

Observatory.

Philosophical Society.
Kirkwall—Orkney Antiquarian and Natural History Society.
Montrose—Montrose Natural History and Antiquarian Society.
Peebles—The Chambers Institution.
Perth—Murray Royal Institution.

_ Perthshire Society of Natural Science.

St. Andrews—University Library.

WALKS.

Swansea—Royal Institution of South Wales.
South Wales Institute of Engineers.

Tenby—Cambrian Archzeological Association.

76 LIST OF FOREIGN CORRESPONDENTS.

GREECE.

Athens—Cercle Littéraire ‘‘ Byron.”
National Library of Greece.
National University.
Natural History Museum of the University of Athens.
Observatory.
Royal Library. ;
Société Archéologique d’Athénes (Archeological Society).
Société Littéraire le Parnasse (Literary Society).

ICELAND. Le

ICELAND.

Akuvey vi—Public Library.
Reykjavik — Islands Stiptsbékasafn (Library of the Icelandic Dio-

cese).
Hit Islenzka Békmentafélag (Literary Society of Iceland).
National Library of Iceland.
51

78 LIST OF FOREIGN CORRESPONDENTS,

ITALY.

Arezzo (Tuscany)— Accademia Valdarnese del Poggio ( Valdarnese
Academy).

Bergamo— Accademia Carrara di Belle Arti (Carrara Academy of
the Fine Arts).
Ateneo Bergamo. (Athenewm.)
Municipio di Bergamo ( City Government).
Societi Industriale Bergamasca (Jndustrial Society)
Bologna—<Accademia delle Scienze dell’ Instituto di Bologna (Acad-
emy of Science of the Institute of Bologna).
Arch. per la Zoologia, Anatomia e la Fisiologia (Arch. for
Zoology, Anatomy, and Physiology).
Gabinetto di Anatomia dell’ Universit’ (Cabinet of Anatomy of
the University).
Museo di Geologia dell’ Universiti (Museum of Geology of the
University).
Osservatorio Astronomico (Astronomical Observatory).
Repertorium Italicum di Bianconi (/talian Index of Biancont).
Scuola Anatomica di Bologna (Anatomical School).
Societ’ Agraria della Provincia di Bologna (Agrarian Society of
the Province of Bologna).
Societt Medico-Chirurgica (Medico-Chirurgical Society).
Universita di Bologna (University).
Brescia—Ateneo di Brescia (Atheneum).
R. Instituto Tecnico ( Technical Institute).

Cagnola—Fondazione Scientifica (Scientific Institute).

Catania—Accademia Gioenia di Scienz2 Naturali (Gioneta Academy
of Natural Sciences).

Cesena—Comizio Agrario del Circondario di Cesena (Agricultural
Society of the environs of Cesena).

Firenze (Florence)— Biblioteca Marucelliana (Marucelliana Li-
brary).

ITALY. 79

Biblioteca Nazionale (National Library).

Biblioteca Riccardiana (Piccardiana Library).

Biblioteca di Sua Maesta il Re d'Italia (Library of His Majesty
the King of Italy).

Istituto di Studi Superiori in Firenze (Institute of Higher Studies).

Osservatorio Astronomico (Astronomical Observatory).

Museo Nazionalo di Antropologia e di Ethnologia (National
Museum of Anthropology and Ethnology).

Nuova Antologia di Firenze (New Anthology of Florence).

Reale Accademia della Crusca (Royal Academy of Crusca).

R. Accademia Economico-agraria dei Georgofili (Royal Econom-
ico-Agrarian Academy of Georgofili).

R. Comitato Geologico d’Italia (Royal Geological Committee of
Italy).

Reale Museo di Fisica e Storia Naturale di Firenze (Royal Mu-
seum of Physics and Natural History).

R. Societa Toscana di Orticoltura (Royal Tuscan Society of Hor-
ticulture).

Osservatorio del R. Museo ( Observatory of the Royal Museum).

Societ&’ Entomologica Italiana (ltalian Entomological Society).

Societ’ Italiana di Antropologia e di Etnologia (Italian Society
of Anthropology and Ethnology).

Forli— Direzione dell’ Industriale Italiano (Febo Gherardi) (The Jn-
dustrial Italian).

Genova (Genoa)—Accademia delle Scienze, Lettere ed Arti (Acada-

emy of Science, Letters, and Arts).

Accademia Medico-chirurgica di Genova (Medico-Chirurgical
Academy of Genoa).

Museo Civico di Storia Naturale (Civic Museum of Natural His-
tory).

Observatorio della R_ Universiti ( Observatory of the Royal Uni-
versity).

Officio Idrografico della R. Marina (Hydrographical Office of the
Royal Marine).

R. Istituto di Sordo-Muti (Royal Institute for the Deaf and Dumb),

R. Istituto Tecnico e di Marina (Royal Technical and Marine
Institute).

R. Scuola Superiore Navale (Royal Naval High School).

R. Scuola di Marina (Royal Marine School).

R Universiti (Royal University).

80

LIST OF FOREIGN CORRESPONDENTS.

Societ& di Letture e Conversazioni Scientifiche (Society of Letters
and Scientific Conversation).

Societs Ligure di Storia Patria (Ligurian Society of Native
fTistory).

Ufficio Idrografico della Regia Marina (Hydrographic Office of
the Royal Navy)

Jesi—Comizio Agrario (Agricultural Society).

Lucca—Redale Accademia Lucchese di Scienze, Lettere ed Arti (Luc-

Mantova (Mantua) —R. Accademia Virgiliana (Royal Virgilian

chese Academy of Science, Letters, and Arts)

Academy).

Messina—Reale Accademia Carolina (Royal Carolina Academy).
Milano—Ulrich Hoepli, Bookseller, GalleriadeChristoforio 59 & 60

(Ulrich Hoepli, Bookseller, Christoforio Gallery 59 & 60),
Agent Smithsonian Institution).

Accademia Fisio-medico-statistica di Milano (Physico-Medico-
Statistical Academy of Milan).

Accademia Scientifico-Letteraria (Sc/entific Literary Academy).

Biblioteca Ambrosiana (Ambrose Library).

Biblioteca Nazionale di Brera (National Library of Brera).

Collegio degli Avvocati.

Collegio degli Ingegneri ed Architetti (College of Engineering
and Architecture).

Direzione dell’ Italia Agricole (7'he Italian Husbandman).

Municipio di Milano (City Government).

Museo Civico di Storia Naturale (Civic Museum of Natural
History).

Museo di Storia Naturale dei fratelli Villa (Museum of Natural
LHistory of the Brothers Villa).

Ospitale Maggiore di Milano (ZHospital of Milan).

Reale Accademia di Belle Arti (Royal Academy of Fine Arts).

Reale Istituto Lombardo di Scienze e Lettere (Royal Institute
of Science and Letters).

Reale Istituto dei Sordo-muti (Royal Institute for the Deaf and
Dumb). .

R. Istituto Tecnico Superiore (Royal Technical High School).

Reale Osservatorio Astronomico di Brera (Royal Astronomical
Observatory of Brera).

R. Scuola Superiore di Agricoltura (Royal High School of Agri-

culture).

i a ee ee

ITALY. 81

R. Scuola Superiore di Medicina Veterinaria (Royal High School
of Veterinary Medicine).

Societa Agraria di Lombardia (Agrarian Society of Lombardy).

Societ&i d’Incoraggiamento di Arti e Mestieri (Society for the
Promotion of Arts and Trades).

Societd Italiana di Scienze Naturali (Italian Society of Natural
Sciences).

Societ’i: Patriotica (Patriotic Society).

Societa Storica Lombardia (Lombardian Historical Society).

-Modena--Regia Aceademia di Scienze, Lettere ed Arti (Royal Acad-

emy of Sciences, Letters, and Arts).

Osservatorio ( Observatory).

Societa Medico-Chirurgica in Modena (Medico-Chirurgical So-
ciety).

Societa dei Naturalisti in Modena (Society of Naturalists).

Stazione Agraria (Agrarian Station).

Universita di Modena (University).

Moncalieri— Osservatorio del R. Collegio C. Alberto ( Olservatory
of the Royal College C. Alberto).

Napoli (Naples)—Accademia degli Aspiranti Naturalisti (Academy

for Naturalists).

Accademia Pontaniana (Pontaniana Academy).

Biblioteca Nazionale (National Library).

Biblioteca Provinciale (Provincial Library).

Istituto di Belle Arti di Napoli (Neapolitan Institute of Fine

= Absis):

Museo Nazionale de Napoli (Neapolitan National Museum).

Reale Accademia di Archeologia, Lettere e Belle Arti (Royal
Academy of Archxology, Letters, and Fine Arts).

Reale Accademia Ercolanese di Archeologia (Royal Ercolanese
Academy of Archeology).

Reale Accademia Medico-Chirurgica (Royal Medico- Chirurgical
Academy).

Reale Accademia delle Scienze e Belle Lettere (Royal Academy
of Science and Beiles-Lettres).

R. Istit. d’ Incoraggiamento alle Scienze Naturali, Economiche e
Tecnologiche (Royal Academy for the Promotion of Natural,
Economical, and Technological Sciences).

R. Orto Botanico ci Napoli (Royal Botanical Garden).

82 LIST OF FOREIGN CORRESPONDENTS.

R. Osservatorio Meteorologico Vesuviano (loyal Meteorological
Vesuvian Observatory).

R. Scuola Superiore di Medicina Veterinaria (Royal High School
of Veterinary Medicine).

Societ’ Reale di Napoli (Royal Society).

Stazione Zoologica di Napoli (Zoological Station).

Universiti ( University).

Padova (Padua)—Osservatorio Astronomico dell’ Universiti ( Astro-

nomical Observatory of the University).

Reale Accademia di Scienze, Lettere ed Arti di Padova (Loyal
Academy of Science, Letters, and Arts).

Regia Universita di Padova (Royal University).

Societi d’Incoraggiamento in Padova (Society of Encourage-
ment).

Palermo—<Accademia Palermitana di Scienze e Lettere (Palermitan
1cademy of Science and Letters).
Biblioteca Nazionale (National Library).
R. Istituto Tecnico (Royal Technical Institute)
R. Osservatorio (Royal Observatory).
Societ& di Acclimazione e di Agricoltura in Sicilia (Society of
Acclimagation and Agriculture in Sicily).
Societ’i degli Spettroscopisti Italiani (Society of Italian Spec-
troscopists).
Parma—Biblioteca Nazionale (National Library).
R. Orto Botanico (Royal Botanical Garden).
R. Osservatorio Astronomico (Royal Astronomical Observatory).

Pavia—Accademia Malaspina (Malaspina Library).
R. Universiti (Royal University).
Pesaro— Accademia Agraria di Pesaro (Agrarian Academy).
Osservatorio Meteorologico e Magnetico Valerio (Valerio MMe-
teorological and Magnetic Observatory).
Pisa — Direzione del Nuovo Giornale Botanico Italiano (Zhe New
Italian Botanical Journal).
R. Scuola Normale Superiore (Royal Normal High Schocl).
Societ’ Toscana di Scienze Naturali ( Tuscan Society of Natural
Sciences).
Universita ( University).
Pistoja—R. Accademia di Scienze, Lettere ed Arti (Royal Academy
of Sciences, Letters, and Arts).

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ITALY. 83

Ravenna—Accademia di Belle Arti (Academy of Arts).
Societs Ravennate (Ravenna Society).

Roma— Accademia Romana di Archeologia (Roman Academy of
Archeology).

Biblioteca Vaticana (Vatican Library).

British Academy of Fine Arts.

British and American Archeological Society.

Corrispondenza Scientifica in Roma (Scientific Correspondence
in Rome).

Direttore del R. Orto botanico (Director of the Botanical Gar-
den).

Direzione dell’ Giornale del Genio Civile (The Genio Civile).

Direzione dell’ Revista Scientifico-Industriale (Zhe Scientific
Industrial Review).

Direzione dell’ Periodico di Numismatica e Sfragistica per la
Storia d’Italia (M. C. Strozzi) (The Periodical on Numis-
matics and Engravings).

Istituto de Corrispondenza Archeologica (Archxological Corre-
sponding Institute).

Istituto Scientifico della R. Universita (Sctentific Institute of
the Royal University).

Ministero di Agricoltura, Industria e Commercio (Ministry of
Agriculture, Manufactures, and Commerce).

Ministero delle Finanze (Ministry of Finance).

Ministero della Guerra (Ministry of War).

Ministero dell’ Interno (Ministry of the Interior).

Ministero dell’ Istruzione Pubblica (Ministry of Public In-
struction).

Ministero dei Lavori Pubblici (Ministry of Public Works).

Ministero della Marina (JZinistry of Marine).

Ospedali (Hospital ).

Osservatorio Astronomico del Collegio Romano (Astronomical
Observatory of the Roman College).

Reale Accademia dei Lincei (Royal Academy of Lince?).

R. Istituto Fisio-Patologico di Roma (Royal Institute of Physio-
Pathology of Rome).

R. Comitato Geologico d’Italia (2. Geological Committee of
Italy).

R. Scuola di applicazione degli Ingegneri (Royal School for
Practical Engineering).

84 LIST OF FOREIGN CORRESPONDENTS.

Societ&’ Geografica Italiana (Italian Geographical Society).
Societa Italiana delle Scienze (/éalian Society of Sciences).
Ufficio di Statistica Generale (Office of General Statistics).
Siena—R. Accademia dei Fisidcritici (Royal Acad. of Critical
Physiology).
Universit’ (including Osservatorio) (University — including
Observatory).
Spezia—Direzione d’artiglieria e torpedini. (The Directory of Ar-
tillery and Torpedoes.)
Torino (Turin)—<Accademia Reale di Agricoltura (Royal Academy
of Agriculture).
Accademia Reale Medico-Chirurgica (Royal Academy of Med-
ico-Chirurgical Science).
Accademia Reale delle Scienze (Royal Academy of Science).
Circolo Geografico Italiano (Italian Geographical Circle).
Direzione de Cosmos in Torino (Guido Cora) (Zditor of Cos-
mos).
R. Accademia Albertina di Belle Arti (Royal Albertina Acad-
emy of Fine Arts).
R. Accademia di Medicina. (Royal Academy of Medicine).
R. Museo Industriale Italiano di Torino (Royal Industrial Mu-
seum of Turin).
R. Scuola d’applicazione per gli Ingegneri (Royal School of Ap-
plication for Engineers).
R. Scuola Superiore di Medicina Veterinaria (Royal High School
of Veterinary Medicine).
Regia Deputazione Sovra gli Studii di Storia Patria (Royal
Commission on the Study of Native History).
Regio Museo di Storia Naturale (Royal Museum of Natural

History).
Regio Osservatorio dell’ Universit’ (Royal Observatory of the
University). >

Scuola di Guerra (School of War).
Societd degli Ingegnere e degli Industriale (Society of Engi-
neers and Manufacturers).
Universita ( University).
Treviso—R. Istituto Tecnico (Royal Technical Institute).
Udine—Associazione Agraria Friulana (/riuli Agrarian Associa-
tion).
R. Istituto Tecnico (Royal Technical Institute).

a a i i a i i i

ITALY. 85

Stazione Sperimentale Agraria (Agrarian Experimental Sta-
tion).
Venezia (Venice)—Associazione Veneta di Utiliti Publica (Ven-
ttian Association for Public Utility).
Ateneo Veneto (Venetian Atheneum).
Biblioteca Marciana (Marciana Library).
Mechitaristen-Collegium (MJechitaristen College).
R. Accademia di Belle Arti (Royal Academy of Fine Arts).
R. Istituto Veneto di Scienze, Lettere ed Arti (Venetian Insti-
tute of Science, Letters, and Arts).
Societ& Veneto-Trentina di Scienze Naturali (The Trentina Ve-
netian Association of Natural Science).
Verona — Accademia d’ Agricoltura, Commercio ed Arti di Verona
(Academy of Agriculture, Commerce, and Arts of Verona).
Biblioteca Communale. (City Library.)
Vicenza — Accademia Olimpica di Agricoltura, Scienze, Lettere ed
Arti (Olympic Academy of Agriculture, Science, Letters,
and Arts).
Biblioteca Publica (Public Library).

85

LIST OF FOREIGN CORRESPONDENTS,

NETHERLANDS (HOLLAND).

Amsterdam (Noord-Holland)—Frederic Muller. (Heerengracht,

K. K. No. 180) (Agent Smithsonian Institution).

Genootschap ter Bevordering der Natur-, Genees- en Heelkunde
(Society for Promoting Natural, Medical, and Chirurgical
Science).

Koninklijke Akademie van Wetenschappen (Royal Academy of
Sciences).

Koninklijk Zoologisch Genootschap “‘ Natura Artis Magistra’’
(Royal Zoological Society).

Maatschappij: Tot Bevordering der Bouwkunst (Society for the
Encouragement of Architecture).

Maatschappij: Tot Nut van’t Algemeen (Society for the benefit
of all Classes).

Rijks Akademie van Beeldende Kunsten (Royal Academy of
Fine Arts).

Stadsbibliotheek (City Library).

Vereeniging voor Statistiek in Nederland (Statistical Association
of the Netherlands).

Vereeniging voor Volksvlijt (Association for Popular Industry).

Wiskundig Genootschap: ‘‘ Onvermoeide arbeid komt alles te
boven” (Mathematical Society: ‘ Untiring industry overcomes
all’).

Arnhem ((elderland)—Natuurkundig Genootschap ‘‘Tot Nut en

Vergenoegen” (Natural History Society: “ Utility and Amuse-

ment’’).
Openbare Bibliotheek (Public Library).

Breda (Noord-Brabant)— Koninklijke Militaire Akademie (Royal

Military Academy).

Deventer (Overijssel)—Openbare Bibliotheek (Public Library).
’sGravenhage (The Hague) (Zuid-Holland)—Bureau voor Sta-

tistiek (Statistical Bureau).
Government of the Netherlands.

NETHERLANDS (HOLLAND). 87

Haagsch Genootschap tot Verdediging van den Christelijken
Godsdienst (Hague Society for the Vindication of the Christian
Religion).

Koninklijke Bibliotheek (Royal Library).

Koninklijk Instituut van Ingenieurs (Royal Institute of Eng’-
neers).

Koninklijk Instituut voor de Taal-, Land- en Volkenkunde van
Nederlandsch Indié (Royal Institute for Philology, Geography,
and Ethnography of Dutch India).

Koninklijk Zoologisch-Botanisch Genootschap te ’sGravenhage
(Royal Zoological-Botanical Society).

Groningen—Academia Groningana (Groningen Academy).

Genootschap ter Bevordering der Natuurkundige Wetenschappen
(Society for the Advancement of Natural Sciences).

Genootschap pro excolendo Jure Patrio (Society fur the Cultiva-
tion of National Jurisprudence).

Instituut voor Doofstommen (Institute for the Deaf and Dumb).
Harlem (Noord-Holland)—Bureau Scientifique Central Néerlandais &
Harlem (Scientific Bureau of Central Netherlands).

Hollandsche Maatschappij van Wetenschappen (Society of Sci-
ences of Holland).

Nederlandsche Maatschappij ter Bevordering van Nijverheid
(Society for the Promotion of Industry).

Stadsbibliotheek (City Library).

Teyler’s Stichting. (Teyler’s Institution.)

*sHertogenbosch (Noord-Brabant)— Provinciaal Genootschap van
Kunsten en Wetenschappen in Noord-Brabant (Provincial
Society of Arts and Sciences).

Hoorn (Noord-Holland)—Societas Medico-Physica Hornana (Medico-
Physical Society).

Cercle Agricole et Horticole (Agricultural and Horticultural
Society).

Luxembourg (Luzembourg) — Institut Luxembourgeois: Section
Historique (Ci-devant Société Archéologique du Grand-Duché)
(Luxemburg Institute: Historical Division).

Institut Luxembourgeois: Section des Sciences Naturelles et
Mathematiques (Ci-devant Société des Sciences Naturelles)
(Luxemburg Institute: Division of Natural Sciences and
Mathematics).

Société de Botanique du Grand-Duché de Luxembourg (Botanical
Society of the Grand Duchy of Luxemburg).

88 LIST OF FOREIGN CORRESPONDENTS.

Leeuwarden (lriesland)—Friesch Genootschap voor Geschied-
Oudheid- en Taalkunde (Friesland Society of History, An-
tiquity, and Philology).

Leiden (Zuid-Holland )—Academia Lugduno-Batava.

Maatschappij van Nederlandsche Letserkunde (Society of Lite-
rature of the Netherlands).

Nederlandsche Botanische Vereiniging (Netherlands Botanical
Association).

Nederlandsche Entomologische Vereeniging (ntomological So-
ciely of the Netherlands).

Rijks Ethnographisch Museum (Royal Hthn. Museum).

Rijks Museum van Natuurlijke Geschiedenis (Royal Museum
of Natural History).

Rijks Museum van Oudheden (2. Museum of Antiquities).

Rijks Observatorium (Royal Observatory).

Rijks Herbarium (Royal Herbarium).

Stolpiaansch Legaat (Stolp’s Legacy).

Maestricht —Vereeniging ter Bevordering van Tuin- en Landbouw
(Association for the Advancement of Horticulture and Agri-
culture).

Middelburg (Zeeland)—Zeeuwsch Genootschap van Wetenschappen
(Zealand Society of Sciences).
Provinciale Bibliotheek van Zeeland (Provincial Library).

Rotterdam (Zuid Holland )}—Bataafsch Genootschap van Proefonder-
vindelijke Wijsbegeerte (Batavian Society of Experimental
Philosophy).

Inrigting voor Doofstommen-Onderwijs (Institute for Deaf and
Dumb).
Nederlansche Yacht-Club.

Schiedam (Zuid-Holland) —Natuurkundige Vereeniging Martinet
(Natural History Society: “Martinet’’).

Utrecht (Utrecht )—Academia Rheno-Trajectina.

Archiv fiir hollindische Beitriige zur Natur- und Heilkunde (Ar-
chives for Hollandian Contributions to Natural and Medical
Science).

Historisch Genootschap (Historical Society).

Koninklijk Nederlandsch Meteorologisch Instituut (Royal Dutch
Meteorological Institute).

Observatorium (Observatory).

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NETHERLANDS (HOLLAND). 89

Provinciaat Utrechtsch Genootschap van Kunsten en Weten-
schappen (Provincial Society of Arts and Sciences),

Rijks Veeartenijschool (Royal Veterinary School).

Utrechtsche Hoogeschool (High School).

Zwolle (Overijssel) — Overijsselsche Vereeniging tot Ontwikkeling
van Provinciale Welvaart (Overyssel Society for Promotion
of Provincial Welfare).

Vereeniging tot beoefening van Overijsselsch Regt en Geschie-
denis (Society for the Cultivation of Overyssel J urisprudence
and History).

Vriend van den Landman (Friend of the Agriculturist).

90 LIST OF FOREIGN CORRESPONDENTS. ‘

NORWAY.

Arendal—Arendals-Museum (Arendal Museum).

Bergen—Bergenske Museum (Bergen Museum).
Observatoriet (Observatory).

Christiania—Bureau of Statistics.

Foreningen til Norske Fortidsmindesmeerkers Bevaring (Society
Jor the Preservation of Norwegian Antiquities).

Kongelige Norske Frederiks Universitetet (A. Norwegian
Frederick University).

Kongelige Selskabet for Norges Vel (2. Society for the progress
and prosperity of Norway).

Kristiania Blindeinstitut (Institution for the Blind).

Medicinske Selskab (Medical Society).

Militere Samfund (Military Society).

Ministére de |’Intericur du Gouvernement Royal de Norvege:
Division des Recherches géologiques en Norvége (Interior
Department of the R. Norwegian Government ; Division
Jor Geological Research).

Ministére de ]’Interieur du Gouvernement Royal de Norvege:
Division topographique et hydrographique (Jnterior Depart-
ment of the R. Norwegian Government: Topographic and
Hydrographic Division).

Norske Historiske Forening (Norwegian Historical Society).

Norske Meteorologiske Institut (Norwegian Meteoroloyical In-
stitution. )

Norske Oldskrift-Selskab (Norwegian Antiquarian Society).

Norske Sagférer-Forening (Norwegian Lawyer's Society).

Norske Tourist-Forening (Norwegian Tourist’s Society).

Physiographiske Forening (Phystographic Society).

Polytekniske Forening (Polytechnic Society).

Selskabet for Folkeoplysningens Fremme (Society for Develop-
ment of Popular Instruction).

Theologiske Forening (Vheological Society).

Universitets Observatoriet i Christiania (Observatory of the Uni-
versity). :

Videnskabs-Selskabet i Christiania (Scientific Society).

NORWAY. 91

Stavanger— Norske Missions-Selskab (Norwegian Missionary So-
ciety).

Trondhjem (Drontheim) — Kongelige Norske Videnskabs-Sels-
kabet (Ze. Norwegian Society of Science).

92 LIST OF FOREIGN CORRESPONDENTS.

PORTUGAL.

Coimbra— Instituto de Coimbra (Institute of Coimbra).
Observatory.
Universidade ( University).

Evora— Bibliotheca Publica (Public Library).

Lisboa (Lisbon) — Academia Real das Sciencias (Royal Academy

of Sciences).

Academia des Bellas Artes (Academy of Fine Arts).

Associagao dos Engenheiros Civis Portuguizes (Association of
Portuguese Civil Engineers).

Biblioteca Nacional (National Library).

Commiss4o Central Permanente de Geographia (Central Per-
manent Commission of Geography).

Commiss4o Geologica de Portugal (Geological Commission of
Portugal).

Escola da Exercito (Military School).

Escola Medico-cirurgica (Medico-Chirurgical School ).

Escola Naval (Naval School).

Escola Polytechnica (Polytechnic School).

Instituto Industrial de Lisboa (Industrial Institute).

Instituto Real de Agricultura (General Institute of Agricul-
ture).

Museo de Lisboa (Lisbon Museum).

Museo Nacional das Colonias ( National Museum of the Colonies).

Observatorio Astronomico da Tapada de Alcantara (Astronomt-
cal Observatory of Tapada of Alcantara).

Observatorio do Infante D. Luiz (Observatory of the Infant D.
Luiz).

Observatorio Meteorologico na Escola Polytechnica (Jeteoro-
logical Observatory of the Polytechnical School).

Real Associagiio Central de Agricultura Portugueza (2. Central
Association of Portuguese Agriculture).

Real Conservatorio de Musica (2. Conservatory of Music).

Real Observatorio de Marinha (£. Naval Observatory).

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PORTUGAL. 93

Sociedade dos Architectos e Archeologos (Society of Architects
and Archzxologists).

Sociedade Promotora da Industrio falevil (Society for the Pro-
motion of Manufacturing Industry).

Sociedade Pharmaceutica Lusitana (Zusitanian Pharmaceutical
Society).

Sociedade des Sciencias Medicas de Lisboa (Society of Medical

_ Science of Lisbon).

Oporto — Academia Polytechnica (Polytechnic Academy).
Escola Medico-cirurgica (Medico-Chirurgical School ).
Instituto Industrial (Industrial Institute).
Museo de Historia Natural da Camara Municipal do Porto (Mu-
seum of Natural History of Oporto),
52

94 LIST OF FOREIGN CORRESPONDENTS.

RUSSIA.

Arkangel—Flotskaja Biblioteka (Naval Library).
Astrakhan—Obschestvo Morskikh Vrachey (Soctety of Naval Phy-
sicians).
Barnaul—Meteorologicheskaia Observatoria (Meteorological Observa-
tory).
Catharineburgh—Meteorologicheskaia Observatoria (Meteorological
Observotory).
Derpt (Dorpat)—Derptskoe Obschestvo Estestvoispitateley (Soctety
of Naturalists of Dorpat).
Imperatorskaia Astronomicheskaia Observatoria (Imperial Astro-
nomical Observatory).
Imp. Ouniversitet (Jmper. University).
Kaiserliche Livlindische Gikonomische Societat (Imperial Livo-
nian Economical Society).
Meteorologische Observatorium (Meteorological Observatory).
Ouchenoe Estonskoe Obschestvo (Scientific Esthonian Society).
Veterinair-Schule ( Veterinary School).
Helsingfors—Finska Litteratur-Sillskapet (Finnish Literature Soci-
ety).
Finskoe Ouchenoe Obschestvo (Finnish Scientific Society).
Kejserliga Alexanders-Universitetets i Finland (Imp. Alexan-
der University).
Magnitnaia e Meteorologicheskaia Observatoria (Magnetical and
Meteorological Observatory),
Obschestvo Finlandskikh Vrachey (Society of Physicians of
Finland ).
Sillskapet pro Fauna et Flora Fennica (Society for the Finnish
Fauna and Flora).
Irkootsk—Geograficheskoe Obschestvo ( bapeaieal Society).
Jaroslavl—Demidovskoy Litsey (Demidov’s Lyceum).
Kasan—Imp. Kasanskoy Ekonomicheskoe Obschestvo (Jmp. Ecronom-
tical Society).
Imperatorskoy Kasanskoy Ouniversitet (Imp. University of Ka-
zan).

RUSSIA. 95

Obschestvo Jestestwo- Ispytatele] pri Kasanskom Universitete
(Society of Naturalists at the Imp. University of Kasan).
Observatoria ( Observatory).
Kharkow—Imper. Ouniversitet (Imp. University).
Obschestvo Ispytatelej prirody (Society of Naturalists at the
University of Kharkow).
Veterenarnoje Utshilistshe (Veterinary School).
Kiew — Imperatorskoy Ouniversitet Sviatago Vladimira (Imperial
University of St. Vladimir).
Kievskoje Obschestvo Jestestvo- Ispytatelej (Society of Natu-
ralists).
Observatoria ( Observatory).

Kronshtadt (Cronstadt)—Compasnaia Observatoria (Compass Ob-
servatory ).
Kronshtadtskaia Morskaia Biblioteka (Naval Library of Cron-
stadt).
Morskaia Astronomicheskaia Observatoria (Naval Astronomical
Observatory).
Obschestvo Morskikh Vrachey (Society of Naval Physicians).
Lebedjan (Government Tambow) — Lebedjanskoje Obschestvo Sels-
kago Khoziaystva (Society of Rural Economy of Lebedjan).
Mitava (Mitaw) — Kurliandskoe Obschestvo Literatoori e Irkoostv
(Courland Society of Literature and Art).

Moskva (Moscow) — Chertkovskaia Poublichnaia Biblioteka
(Chertkov’s Public Library).

Commercheskaia Akademia (Commercial Academy).

Etnograficheskoy Mouzey (Lithnographical Museum).

Fisiko-Medizinskoe Obschestvo (Physico- Medical Society).

Imper. Moskovskoy Obschestvo Jestrsiwoe Ispitatele} (Jmper.
Society of Naturalists).

Imper. Moskovskoy Obschestvo Selskago Khoziastva (Jmp. So-
ciety of Rural Economy).

Imper. Moskovskoy Ouniversitet (Jmper. University).

Imper. Obschestvo Istorii i Drevnostey Rossiyskikh pri Moskov-
skom Ouniversitete (Imp. Society of Russian History and An-
tiquities at the University).

Imper. Obschestvo Ljubitelei Jestestwosnanija, Antropologii e
Ktnografii (Imp. Society of Friends of Natural Sciences, An-
thropology, and Ethnography).

Juriditsheskoje Obschestvo (Juridical Society).

96 LIST OF FOREIGN CORRESPONDENTS.

Lasarewskij Institut Vostotshnych Jazykov (The Lasarew-In-
stitution of Oriental Languages).

Moskovskoy Arkheologicheskoe Obschestvo (Archeological So-
ciety).

Moskovskoy Matematitsheskoje Obschestvo (Mathematical Soci-
ety).

Moskovskoy Poublichnoy Mouzey (Public Museum).

Mouzey Kniazia Sergia Mikhailovicha Galizina (Prince Sergius
Galizin’s Museum).

Obschestvo Akklimatisazii Rastenij e Jewotnych (Society of Ac-
climatization of Plants and Animals).

Obschestyo drayv-russkago iskusstva, pre Moskovskom Pub-
litshnom e Rumjanzowskom Musejach (Society of Old-Russian
arts, at the Moscovian Public and Rumjanzow- Museums).

Obschestvo Lubiteley Khoudogestyv (Society of Amateurs of Fine
Arts).

Obschestvo Lubiteley Rossiyskoy Slovesnosti (Society of Ama-
teurs of Russian Literature).

Observatoria ( Observatory).

Petroyskaia Agronomicheskaia Academia Sante y Agricultu-
ral Academy).

Roumianzoyskaia Biblioteka e Mouzey (Count Rumjanzow’s
Library and Museum).

Rousskoe Obschestvo Ljubitelei Sadovodstva (Russian Society of
Friends of Fruit-culture).

Slavianskoy Komitet (Slavonic Committee).

Narwa — Narwskoje Arkheologicheskoe Obschestvo (Archeological
Society of Narwa).

Negin—Litsey Grafa Bezborodko (Count Bezborodko’s Lyceum).

Nertshinsk— Meteorologicheskaia Observatoria (Meteorological Ob-

servatory ).
Nicolaev—Observatoria ( Observatory).
Nicolaevsk (on Amur)—Obschestvo Morskikh Wrachey (Society
of Naval Physicians).
Odessa—Gorodskai4 Poublichnaia Biblioteka (Public City Library).
Imp. Obschestvo Selskago Khoziaystva Yoojnoy Rossii (Jmp.
Society of Agronomy of Southern Russia).
Imp. Ouniversitet (Imp. University).
Noworossijskoje Obschestvo Jestestwo-Ispytatele] (Society of
Naturalists of New-Russia).

RUSSIA. 97

Odesskoé Obschestvo Istorii i Drevnostey (Historical and Anti-
quarian Society of Odessa).

Ouchilische Gloukho-nemikh (Deaf and Dumb Institution).

Poublichnaia Biblioteka (Public Library).

Omsk — Obschestvo Issljedowatele} Zapadnoj Sibiri (Society of Ex-
plorers of Western- Siberia).

Orenburg — Otdjel Imperatorskazo Rousskoe Geograficheskoe Obs-
chestvo (Section of the Imperial Russian Geographical So-
ciety).

Poublichnaia Biblioteka (Public Library).

Ouman (Kieff )—Oumanskoje Ouchilische zemledeliya i Sadovodstva

(Agricultural and Fruit-growing School).

Poulkovo (Pulkova)—Nicolaevskaia Glavnaia Observatoria (Nich-
das Chief Observatory).

Revel (Reval) — Estliandskoe Literatournoe Obschestvo (Estland
Literary Society).
Riazan— Poublichnaia Biblioteka (Public Library).

Riga— Lettische Litterarische Gesellschaft (Lettie Literary Society).

Mouzey (Museum).

Obschestvo Jestestwo-Ispitatelej] (Society of Naturalists).

Obschestvo Istorii 1 Drevnostey Rousskikh PribaJtiskikh Pro-
vinziy (Historical and Antiquarian Society of the Russian
Baltic Provinces).

Obschestvo Practicheskikh Vrachey (Society of Practical Phy-
sictans). .

Technicheskoe Obschestvo (Technical Society).

Sanct-Petersbourg (St. Petersburg)—Ego Velichestvo Impera-
tor Vserossiyskoy (His Imperial Majesty the Emperor of Rus-
sia).

L. Watkins & Co., Booksellers, 10 Admiralty Place (Agents
Smithsonian Institution).

Arkeograficheskoe Commissia, pri Ministerstwe Narodnago Pross-
wesschenija (Archeographical Commission of the Ministry of
Public Instruction).

Filologitsheskoje Obschestvo, pri St. Peterburgskom Universitete
(Philological Society at the University of St. Petersburgh).
Hidrograficheskoy Departament Morskago Ministerstva (Hydro-

graphical Department of the Ministry of Marine and Depot of
Naval Charts of Russia).
7

98

LIST OF FOREIGN CORRESPONDENTS.

Imper. Akademia Nauk (Imp. Academy of Sciences).

Imper. Alexandrovskoy Litsey (/mp. Alexander Lyceum).

Imper. Arkheologicheskaia Commissia (Jmper. Archeological
Commission).

Imper. Arkheologicheskoe Obschestvo (Imp. Archeological So-
ciety).

Imper. Botanitsheskij Ssad (Imp. Botanical Garden).

Imper. Farmazevticheskoe Obschestvo (Jmper. Pharmaceutical
Society).

Imper. Istoriko-Filologitsheskij Institut (Jmp. Historico-Philo-
logical Institution).

Imper. Medico-Khirourgicheskaia Academia (Medico- Chirurgical
Academy).

Imper. Michailoyskaia Artilleriyskaia Academia (Jmper. Michael
Artillery Academy).

Imper. Nicolaevskaia Ingenernaia Academia (Jmper. Nicolas
Engineering Academy).

Imper. Nicolaevskaia Voennaia Academia (Jmper. Nicolas Mili-
tary Academy).

Imper. Ouchilisché Gloukho-nemikh (Jmp. Institution for Deaf
and Dumb).

Imper. Poublichnaia Biblioteka (Jmp. Public Library).

Imper. Rousskoe Geograficheskoe Obschestvo (Jmp. Russian
Geographical Society).

Imper. Rousskoe Mineralogicheskoe Obschestvo (Jmper. Russian
Mineralogical Society).

Imper. Rousskoe Obschestvo Sadovadstva (Imp. Russian Society
of Fruit-culture).

Imper. St. Peterbourgskaia Academia Khoudogestv. (Jmper. St.
Petersburg Academy of Fine Arts).

Imper. St. Peterbourgskoy Ouniversitet (Jmper. University of
St. Petersburg).

Imper. Tekhnologicheskoy Institout (Imp. Technological Insti-
tution).

Imper. Uchilishche Prawowiedenia (Jmp. Law School).

Imper. Volnoe Ekonomicheskoe Obschestvo (dmp. Free Econom-
ical Society).

Institout Korpussa Poutey Soobschenia (The Institution of the
Engineers of Public Works).

Institout Poutey Soobschenia (Civil Engineering Institution).

Institout Slepikh (Institution for the Blind ).

RUSSIA. 99

Lesnaia Akademia (Forest Academy).

Medical Department of the Imp. Russian Navy.

Ministerstvo Narodnago Prosveschenia (Ministry of Public In-
struction).

~ Ministry of Finance.

Morskaia Academia (Naval Academy).

Morskoe Ministerstvo (Ministry of the Martne).

Morskoy Mouzey (Marine Museum).

Morskoy-Ouchenoy Comitet (Scientific Committee of the Marine).

Museya Imperatorskoj Akademii Nauk (Zhe Museums of the
Imperial Academy of Sciences).

Museya Imperatorskago Ermitasha (The Museums of the Impe-
rial Hermitage).

Museya Gretsheskikh i Rimskikh Drewnostej (Zhe Museums of
Greek and Roman Antiquities).

Musei Instituta Korpussa Gornykh Inshenerow (The Museums
of the Mining Engineers).

Obschestvo Jestestwo-Ispytatelej, pri St. Peterburgskom Univer-
sitete (Society of Naturaiists at the University of St. Peters-
burgh).

Obschestvo Morskikh Vrachey (Society of Naval Physicians).

Obschestvo Rossiyskago Sadovodstva (Society of Russian Fruit-
culture).

Pedagogitsheskoje Obschestvo (Pedagogical Society).

Rousskoe Entomologicheskoie Obschestvo (Jeussian Entomologi-
cal Society).

Rousskoe Istoritsheskoje Obschestvo (Russian Historical Society).

Rousskoe Khimitsheskoje Obschestvo, pri St. Peterburgskom
Universitete (Russian Chemical Society at the University of
St. Petersburg).

Selsko-Khosjajstwennyj Musej (Zhe Rural-economical Museum).

Shtab Korpousa Gornikh Ingenerov (Staff ofthe Corps of Mining
Engineers).

Slavianskoy Komitet (Slavonic Committee).

Statisticheskoy Zentralnoy Komitet (Central Statistical Com-
mittee).

Tekhnicheskoe Obschestvo (Technical Society).

Ouchenyy Komitet Ministerstva Gossudarstwennykh Imust-
chestw (Sczentific Committee of the Ministry of Domains).

Voennoe Ministerstvo: Topograficheskoe Buro (Ministry of War:

Topographical Bureau).

100

LIST OF FOREIGN CORRESPONDENTS.

Vostochnoy Institout (Oriental Institute).

Zemledelcheskoy Institout (Ayronomical Institution).

Zentralnaia Fisicheskaia Observatoria (Central Physical Ob-
servatory).

Tiflis — Kavkazskoe Geograficheskoe Obschestvo (Caucasian Geo-

graphical Society).

Kavkazskoe Mouzey (Caucasian Museum).

Kavkazskoe Obschestvo Selskago Khozaiystva (Caucasian So-
ciety of Rural Economy).

Magnitnaia i Meteorologicheskaia Observatoria (Magnetical and
Meleorological Observatory)

Poublichnaia Biblioteka (Public Library).

Toola—Poublichnaia Biblioteka (Public Library).

Statisticheskoy Komitet (Statistical Committee).

Vilna—Arkheologicheskaia Kommissia (Archeological Commission).

Astronomicheskaia Observatoria (Astronomical Observatory).

Imp. Medizinskoje Obschestvo (Imp. Medical Society).

Musej Drewnoste] (The Museum of Antiquities).

Otdjel Imp. R. Geogroficheskoe Obschestvo (Section of the Imp.
Russian Geographical Society for Northwestern Russia).

Vilna Publichnaia Biblioteka (Public Library).

Varshava (Warsaw) — Astronomieschkaia Observatoria (Astro-

nomical Observatory).

Imper. Warshawskij Universitet (Zhe Imperial Universit, y).

Mediko- Khirourgicheskaia Akademia (MMedico- Chirurgical
Academy).

Obschestvo podstshrenija khudoshestw w Zarstwe Polskom (So-
ciety for the Advancement of Fine Arts in Poland )

Viadimir—lImp. School of Marine Jurisprudence.
Yarosslaw— Demidowskij Juriditsheskij Lizej] (The Juridical Ly-

ceum of Demidof’).

Obschestvo dlja issljedowanija Yarosslowskoj Gubernii w jestes-
wenno-istoritsheskom otnoshenii (Society for the Exploration
uf the Government of Yarosslaw with relation to Natural His-
tory).

SCANDINAVIA. 101

SCANDINAVIA.

Skandinaviske Naturforskeres Forsamling (Scandinavian Society of
Naturalists).

102 LIST OF FOREIGN CORRESPONDENTS.

SPAIN.

Barcelona—Instituto Agricola Catalan de San Isidro ( Catalan cig
cultural Institute.of San Isidro).
Real Academia de Buenas Letras de Barcelona (Royal dees
of Polite Literature of Barcelona).
Cadiz—Naval Observatory.
Sociedad Protectora de los Animales y las Plantas (Society for
the Protection of Animals and Plants).
Granada—Universidad de Granada ( University of Grenada).
Madrid—Acad. de las tres Nobles Artes des San Fernando (Academy
of the Three Noble Arts of San Fernando),
Accademia Especial de Ingenieros (Special Academy for En-
gineers).
Biblioteca Nacional (National Library).
Instituto Geografico y Hstadistico ( Geographical and Statistical
Institute).
Junta estadistica (Statistical Society).
La Espatia Agricola, Associacion General de Labradores (The
Spanish Farmer, General Association of Workmen).
Museo Arqueoldgico Nacional (National Archeological Museum).
Observatorio de Madrid (Madrid Observatory).
Real Academia de Ciencias de Madrid (Royal Academy of Sct-
ences of Madrid).
Real Academia de Ciencias Morales y Politicas (Royal Academy
of Moral and Political Sciences).
Real Academia Espaiiola Arqueologica y Geografica (Royal
Spanish Academy of Archeology and Geography).
Real Academia de la Historia (Royal Academy of History).
Sociedad de Anthropologia de Madrid (Anthropological Society
of Madrid).
Sociedad Espafiola de Historie Natural (Spanish Society of
Natural History).
Sociedad Geografica de Madrid (Geographical Society of Mad-
rid ).
Sociedad de Profesores de Giensias (Association of Professors of
Sciences).
Universidad de Madrid (University of Madrid).
San Fernando—Observatorio de Marina (Observatory of the Navy).
Valencia—Real Sociedad Econémica (Royal Economical Society).

SWEDEN. 108

SWEDEN.

Gotheborg—Kongliga Vetenskaps- och Vitterhets-Samhillet (Royal
Society of Sciences and Belles-Lettres).

Lund—Fysiografiska Sillskapet (Physiographic Association).
Kongliga Universitetet (Royal University).
Nordisk Tidsskrift for politik, ekonomi och litteratur (Northern
Journal for Politics, Economy, and Literature).
Universitets Observatoriet ( University Observatory).
Stockholm—Farmaceutiska Institutet (Pharmaceutical Institute).
Geologiska Byran (Geological Bureau).
Kongliga Biblioteket (Royal Library).
Kongliga Landtbruks-Akademien (Royal Academy of Agricul-
ture).
Kongliga Svenska Vetenskaps-Akademien (Royal Swedish
Academy of Sciences).
Kongliga Vitterhets- Historie- och Antiquitets-Akademien (Roy-
al Academy of Belles- Lettres, History, and Antiquities).
Meteorologiska Central-Anstalten (Meteorological Central Insti-
tute).
Observatoriet (Observatory).
Société Anthropologique (Anthropological Society).
Statistiska Central-Byran (Central Bureau of Statistics).
Svenska Akademien (Swedish Academy).
Svenska Likare-Sillskapet (Swedish Society of Physicians).
Upsala—Kongliga Universitetet (Royal University).
Kongliga Vetenskaps-Societeten (Royal Society of Sciences)
Universitets Observatoriet ( University Observatory).
Vesteras—Elementar Liroverkets Bibliotek (Library of the Normal
School).

104 LIST OF FOREIGN CORRESPONDENTS.

SWITZERLAND.

Schweizerische Gesellschaft fiir die gesammten Naturwissen-
schaften. (Bern.) (Swiss Society of Natural Sciences in gen-
eral).

Schweizerischer Alpenclub. (Bern.) (Swiss Alpine Club.)

Schweizerischer Apotheker-Verein. (Ziirich.) (Swiss Apothe-
caries’ Union.) -

Schweizerische Entomologische Gesellschaft. ( Schaffhausen.)
(Swiss Entomological Society.)

Schweizerische Forst-Verein (Swiss Foresters’ Union).

Schweizerische Gemeinniitzige Gesellschaft. (Bern.) (Swiss
Society for the Public Welfare.)

Schweizerische Historische Gesellschaft. (Bern.) (Swiss His-
torical Society.)

Schweizerischer Lehrerverein. (Bern.) (Swiss Pedagogic So-
ciety.)

Schweizerische Palaéontologische Gesellschaft (Swiss Palzonto-
logical Society).

Schweizerischer Verein fiir Straf- und Gefingnisswesen (Swiss
Association for the Administration of Penitentiaries and Pri-
sons).

Verein Schweizerische Gymnasiallehrer. (Bern.) (Society of
Swiss Teachers of ‘“Gymnasium.’’)

Aarau—Aargauische Naturforschende Gesellschaft (Society of Natu-
ral Science of Argau).

Blinden und Taubstummen Institut aaa for the Blind
and Deaf and Dumb).

Basel (Bas/e)—Gesellschaft fiir vaterlindische Alterthiimer (Society
of National Antiquities).

Gesellschaft zur Beférderung des Guten und Gemeinniitzigen
(Society for the Promotion of Morality and Public Wel-
fare).

Gewerbe-Schule (Polytechnical School).

Naturforschende Gesellschaft (Society of Natural Science).

Société des Sciences (Scientific Society).

Universitats-Bibliothek (University Library).

SWITZERLAND. 105

Bern—Conseil Fédéral Suisse (Council of the Swiss Confederation),
Hidgendssiches Statistisches Bureau (Federal ee Bureau).
Kantons-Schule (Canton School).

Naturforschende Gesellschaft (Society of Natural Science).

Oekonomische Gesellschaft des Kantons Bern (Zconomical So-
ciety of the Canton of Bern).

Société des Sciences (Scientific Society).

Sternwarte (Observatory).

Universitiits-Bibliothek (University Library).

Chur—Naturforschende Gesellschaft Graubiindens (Society of Natu-
ral Science of Graubunden).

Fribourg — Société d’Histoire du Canton du Fribourg (/istorical
Society of the Canton of Friburg).

_ Geneva— Archives des Sciences Physiques et Naturelles (Archives

of Physical and Natural Sciences).

Association Zoologique du Léman (Zoological Society of Lake
Leman).

Bibliothéque de la Ville (City Library).

Institut National Genévois (National Institute of Geneva).

Musée de la Ville de Genéve (Geneva City Museum).

Musée Zoologique (Zvological Museum).

Observatoire (Observatory).

Société des Arts de Genéve (Geneva Society of Arts).

Société Genévoise d’Utilité Publique (Geneva Society for the
Public Welfare).

Société d’ Histoire et d’Archéologie de Genéve (Geneva Sociely
of History and Archeology).

Société de Géographie (Geographical Society).

Société de Lecture (Lecture Society).

Société de Physique et d'Histoire Naturelle (Society of Physics
and Natural History).

Société Médicale (Medical Society).

Société Ornithologique Suisse (Swiss Ornithological Society).

Lausanne — Asile des Aveugles de Lausanne (Lausanne Llind

Asylum).

Bibliothéque Cantonale Vaudoise (Library of the Canton of
Vaud).

Société d’ Agriculture de la Suisse Romande (Agriculiural So-
ciety of French Switzerland).

106 LIST OF FOREIGN CORRESPONDENTS.

Société d’ Histoire de la Suisse Romande (Historical Society of
French Switzerland).
Société Industrielle d’ Horlogerie (Society of Watch and Clock
Manufacturers).
Société Vaudoise des Sciences Naturelles (Society of Natural
Sciences of Vaud).
Luzern (Lucerne) — Historischer Verein der fiinf Oerter (Historical
Society of the five places ‘‘fiinf Oerter’’). ;
Neufchatel— Observatoire Cantonal (Dr. Hirsch, Director) (Can-
tonal Observatory).
Société des Sciences Naturelles (Society of Natural Sciences).

Porentruy —Société Jurassienne d’Emulation (Jurassian Society

of Emulation).
Rheinfelden— Naturhistorische Gesellschaft (Natural History So-
ciety).

Rapperschwyl— Musée National Historique de la Pologne (His-
torical National Museum of Poland ).

St. Gall—Concordia Institut International et Ecole Superieure de
Commerce (Concordia International Institute and Superior
Commercial School).

Naturwissenschaftliche Gesellschaft (Society of Natural Sci-
ence).

Redaction der Schweizerischen Wochenschrift fiir Pharmacie
(The Swiss Weekly Journal of Pharmacy).

Sion—Société Valaisanne des Sciences Naturelles (Society of Natural
Sciences of the Valaise).

Solothurn (Svleure) — Naturforschende Gesellschaft (Society of
Natural Science).

Yverdon— Institute des Sourds-Muets & Yverdon (Yverdon Deaf
and Dumb Institute).

Zurich — Hidgendéssische Polytechnische Schule (Federal Polytech-

nical School).

Gesellschaft fiir Vaterlindische Alterthiimer (Society of Na-
tional Antiquities).

Karten Verein (Chart Association).

Ladislas Plater (Count), Villa Broelberg.

Meteorologische Centralanstalt der Schweiz. Naturforschenden
Gesellschaft (Meteorological Central Bureau of the Swiss
Sociely of Natural Sciences).

SWITZERLAND. 107

Naturforschende Gesellschaft (Society of Natural Sciences).

Société des Sciences Physiques et Naturelles (Soctety of Phys-
tcal and Natural Sciences).

Sternwarte ( Observatory)

Universitits-Bibliothek (University Library).

Verein fiir Landwirthschaft und Gartenbau (Agricultural and
Horticultural Society).

Zoologisches Museum (Zoological Museum).

108 LIST OF FOREIGN CORRESPONDENTS.

TURKEY.

Belgrad (Serbia)—Drushtvo srbske Slovessnosti (Society of Serbiun
Literature).
Praviteljstvena Biblioteka (State Library).
Constantinople—His Imperial Majesty the Sultan.
Académie Impériale de Médecine (Jmperial Academy of Medi-
cine).
American College.
Anjuman i Danish (Society for Advancement of Turkish Litera-
ture).
Bureau de Statistique (Statistical Bureau).
Gazette Médicale d’Orient (Medical Gazette of the Orient).
Hellenic Philological Society of Constantinople.
Jemiyet Ilamiyeh Osmoniyeh ( Ottoman Scientific Society).
Library of the American Missionary Society.
Société Orientale de Constantinople ( Oriental Society).

POLYNESIA. 109

POLYNESIA.

Honolulu (Sandwich Islands) —Oahu College.
Royal Hawaiian Agricultural Society.
53

best
—
(2)

LIST OF FOREIGN CORRESPONDENTS.

MISCELLANEOUS.

Association Internationale pour le progrés des Sciences Sociales (Jnter-
national Association for the Advancement of Social Sciences).
Congrés International d’Archéologie préhistorique (International Con-
gress of Prehistorical Archzology).

Congrés International des Sciences Géographiques (International Con-
gress of Geographical Science).

Congrés International de Statistique (International Congress of Statis-
tics).

Congresso Bacologice Internazionale (International Congress for Silk-
worm Culture).

Convention Télégraphique Internationale (International Telegraphic
Convention).

Internationale Meterkommission (International Meter Commission).

Aachen

' Aarau :

Abbeville .
Aberdeen .
Adelaide .
AFRICA ,
Agen
Agram .
Aix
Akuveyvi .
Alais

Antwerp, or Anvers .

ARGENTINE REPUBLIC

Alexandria
ALGERIA .
Algiers.
Allahabad
Allenburg
Alloa :
Alnwick .
Alsace $
Altenburg
Altona s
Amiens .
Amsterdam
Angers
Angouléme
Anhalt”.
Annaberg.
Annecy ©.
Ansbach
Antioquia
Anvers
Apt .
Arendal
Arezzo
Arkangel .
Arles :
Arlon 2
Armagh .
Arnhem
Arnstadt .
Arolsen .
Arras '
ASIA é
Astrachan
Ath . '

.

e7 ee 1k

INDEX.

104

20

©

94
lo

Athens .
Auckland
Audenare
Augsburg
Aurillae

AUSTRALIA
AUSTRIA

Auxerre
Avignon
Avranches
Aylesbury

Baden 3

Bagnéres de Bigorre

Bamberg .
Barcelona
Bar-le-due
Barniiul
Basel

Batavia .
Bath .
Batticotta

Bavaria (Germany) .

Bayeux .

Bayreuth .
Beauvais .
Bedford
Belfast .
Belgium
Belgrad
Benares
Bergamo .
Bergen
Bergues
Berlin :
Bern
Besancon .
Béziers .

>| Bilk
Birmingnam
Blackburn

| Blankenburg
| Blois .

AUSTRALASIA

AusTRO-HunGgary

Basle or Basel .

Bendorf bei Raplene ;

Cin

76.
12
13
36
20
L
il
85
85
20
20
20
65

20
36
105
20
20
89
65
65
39
20

112

Bogota . .

Bouivia . 2 :
Bologna

Bombay :
Bonn 3 ; :
Bordeaux :
Boston ; =
Boulogne . :
Bourg . ; .
Bourges : :
Braunschweig . ;
BRAZIn " . 6 :
Breda f

Bregenz . : A
Bremen . ; .
Brescia .
Breslau.

Brest 4 :
Brighton .

Brisbane . .
Bristol <
British AMERICA
British GuiaANa :
Bromberg ° .
Brion

Brunswick (Germany)
Bruges
Brussels, or Bruxelles

Bruxelles ‘ 7
Budapest : :
Buenos Aires . P

Bury St. Edmunds -

Cadiz é
Caen
Cagnola
Cairo
Calcutta
Cambrai . 5 5
Cambridge :
CANADA 3
Cannes 4 4 5
Cape CoLoNny

Cape Town ; .
Caracas

Carlsruhe, or Hereicrelie

Cassel, or Kassel

Castres . .
Catania . ;
Catherineburg .
Celle

CENTRAL America
Cesenia .

Ceylon

Chalons- eum Marna
Chalons-sur-Sadne .
Chambéry

Charleroi .

Chartres . A

65
11
65

aI i ©

[or }
Ome brocoornw OH OW io

bt

INDEX.
: Chateaudun . :
Chateauroux . ‘
78 Chateau- eee
9|Chauny . :
* 89) Chemnitx Fs 5
20 | Cherbourg :
65] Chester . A
21 | Chile ‘ - :
21 | Carina ; i :
21} Christchurch
40 | Christiania
7 | Chuquisaca 5
86 | Chur ‘ ‘ '
40|Churts . A
40 | Cirencester
78 | Clempenow bei Anclam
40| Clermont . 3 A
21| Clermont-Ferrand .

Coblenz, or Koblenz
Coburg, or ee
Coimbra

Colmar

Cologne, or Koln
COLOMBIA .
Colombo :
Compeigne .
Constantine .
Constantinople
Copenhagen . .
Cordoba . :
Cork ; s ‘
Costa Rica : ;
Cotteswold
Coulommiers .
Courtray .

Cracau, or Ree allestes

Gronsiadt 2 :

CuBa ;
Czernowitz

Danzig .
Darmstadt

Dehra Doon ; ,
DENMARK 5 ,
Derpt .

Dessau

Deventer .
Devizes. ; 5
Devonshire

Dijon
Donaueschingen .
Doncaster :
Dorpat, or Derpt .
Douai . 5
Dover . : '
Draguignan .
Dresden . ; ;
Drontheim 3
Dublin. : °

Ce Ue hig 6) et Te

42

66
66
23
43
66
94
23
66
23
43
91
73

Dudley . f : :

Dumfries ‘ 5 5
Dunedin’ . ‘ ‘ :
Dunkerque : . .
Diirckheim i é :
Durbam . - 7 . b
Diisseldorf 2 ; 5 5
Dutcu GuIANA ‘ : :
Ecuapor . ‘

Edinburgh ;

Eayrert : . ; ;
Eisenach . i ,

Elberfeld .

Elbeuf: . ‘
Eldena bei Greifswald :
Emden . : , :
Emerald Hill . ;

Ems j s : 5
ENGLAND . ‘ a Y 5
Epinal .

Erfurt

Erlangen .

Essen a. d. Ruhr
Eton : ‘ : ;
EUROPE : $ c
Evora : :
Evreux

Exeter

Falmouth ‘ . 3
Farnborw’ Station . :
Firenze

Fiume

Florence, or Binensen
Fontenay-le-Comte

Forli ; ‘ ;
FRANCE 5 : ; ;
Frankfurt am Main . : .

Frankfurt-an-der-Oder
Fredericton

Freiberg .

Freiburg .

Fribourg .

Friedberg

Fulda

Furnes

Firstenth. Reasa
Firth

Galatz ; : 3 ;
Galway : 7
Gand ° 3 m
Geneva

Genoa, or Genova
Georgetown

Gera

GERMANY .

Gheut, or Gand?

8

INDEX.

66
74
12
23
44
66
44

8

8
74

]
44
44
23
44
44
11
44
65
23
45
45
45
65
13
92
24
66

66
66
78
45
78
24
ag)
19
45
*45
3
45
45
105
45
45
15
46
46

46
73
15
105
79
8
46 |
35 |
15 |

|Glasgow . .

Giessen

Goa
Gorlitz
Gorz ; 5
Gotha 5 : ;
Gotheborg

Gottingen :
Gravenhage

Graz ° .
GREAT BRITaIn. b .
GREECE .

Greenwich

Greifswald $ ,
Grenada, or Granada ; ‘:
Grenoble . ' ‘i
Groningen é : f
Guadalajara :
Guanajuata : .
GUATEMALA

Guben 2 , ‘ 6 ‘
Gueret ; . A a ;
Guiana

Gumbinnen : : : ;
Gistrow . 4 5 . 3

© en je) (0) eo

Habana

Haberstadt

Hague, or s’Gravenhage
Halifax . : :
Hall

Halle a. d. Saale
Hamburg

Hamm

Hanau

Hannover

Hanover

Hanse Town

Hants

Harlem

Hasselt ;
Havana, or Habana .
Havre

Heidelberg
Helsingfors
Hermannstadt .
Hertogenbosch ;
Hesse ;
Hobarton
Hohenheim
Hohenleuben
HoLLAND . ;
Honolulu .

Hoorn : “ ;
Hull

Huddersfield
Hungary .

IcELAND . :

113

46
74

46
46
46
103

86
AS
65

66
47
102
24
87

47

24

47
47

47
86

47
47
48
48
48
48
56
40
66

49
86
109

66
66
35

on

di

114

Immenstadt
Inpia
Innsbruck
IRELAND
Irkootsk

Isle of Wight
ITaLy

JAMAICA

JAPAN : 5
Jaroslavl .
Jauer

JAVA

Jena

Jesi

Karlsruhe
Kasan
Kassel.

Kew :
Kharkow .
Kieff, or Ouman
Kiel

Kiew .
Kilkenny .
Kingston .
Kirkwall .
Kjobenhavn
Klagenfurt
Klausenburg
Klausthal
Koblentz .
Koburg
Koln
Konigsberg
Koérnik
Krakau

Kremsmiinster .

Kronshtadt
Kurrachee

Laibach
Landshut
Langres
Laon ;
La Rochelle
Launceston
Lausanne
Leamington
Lebedjan .
Leeds
Leeuwarden
Leicester
Leiden :

Leipsic, or Leipzig

Leipzig
Leisnig
Le Mans .

Keighley . ‘

INDEX.

49

9
49
73
94
72
78

6
10
94
49
16
50
80

Lemberg . . :
Leoben . :
ewPoy = *. . .
Lewes : ; .
Leyton . : :
Liegnitz . . .
LIBERIA . .
Liége

Lille , ; -
Lima , 5 .
Limoges

Linz A :
Lisbon, or Lisboa
Lisieux

Liverpool

Lokern

London
Londonderry
Lons-le-Saulnier
Lorraine .

Louvain

Liibeck

Lucca ; .
Lucerne, or Luzern .
Lund

Liineburg
Luxembourg
Luzern. .
Lyon

Macclesfield . :
M4con ‘ .
Madras .

Madrid

Maestricht
Magdeburg
Maidstone

Mainz

Manchester

Manila

Mannheim

Mantova . ; :
Mantua, or Mantova
Marburg .
Marseille .
Maovririvus

Mayenne .
Maynooth

Meaux

Mecklenburg
Medellin .
Meersburg
Meiningen

Meissen

Melbourne

Melle

Melun

Mende

Messina

Metz ' . :
Mexico . ; :
Middelburg 5
Milan, or Milano x
Milano A . <
Mirecourt ; 3
MisceELLANEOUS é
Mitava

Mitaw, or Mitava ;
Modena
Monealieri

@: athe net) fe

Monrovia

Mons ‘
Montauban ‘ ;
Montbéliard . ‘
Montpellier. .
Montreal . :
Montrose :
Moscow, or Moskva .
Moskva. . ;
Moulins . " ;
Miihlkausen. ‘
Manchen . :
Munich . $ .
Miinster . z e
Namur. = 4
Naney ; : z
Nantes. .

ponies or Napoli 5
Napoli. . 5

Narwa : 5
Negin : -
Neilgherries. .
Neisse ‘
Nelson A 5 :
Nertshinsk : .
NETHERLANDS . :
Neufchatel s
Nevers ; 5

Neu Titschin

New Brunswick
Newcastle-upon-Tyne
NEWFOUNDLAND

New Sournu Wass .
New ZEALAND .
Nice ; 5 .
Nicolaev . x 2
Nicolaevsk

Nimes A

Niort

Nordhausen ‘
NORTH AMERICA
Norway 3
Norwich ;
Nottingham.
Nova Scorra
Niirnberg

Odessa. P J

-

INDEX.

55
5
88
&0
80
26
110
95
95
$1
81
2
16
26
26
26
3
75
95
95
26
5d
55
55
55
16
26

or

27
81
81
96
96

9
55
12
96
86

106
27
56

3
71
3
il
12
27

Ofen A : 2
Offenbach i ,
Oldenburg 4 S
Olmitz 5 5
Omsk ; ; ;
Ontario : A
Oporto. _ =
Orenburg : :
Orléans . - ;
Osnabriick : A
Ostende

Otago ;

Ottowa

Ouman

Oxford

Padova

Padua, or Padova
Palermo z
Pamplemouses .
Paramaribo A :
Paris . : :
Parma $ 5 '
Parsontown ‘.
Passau. é c
Pavia :

Peebles

Penzance .
Perigueux :
Perpignan :
Perth

Peru

Pesaro 3
PHILIPPINE IsLANDS :
Pisa

Pistoja
Plauen .
Plymouth
Poitiers .
Pola
Poligny
POLYNESIA
Porentruy

Port Louis , .

Port of Spain .
Portsmouth
PoRTUGAL

Posen : ‘
Potsdam . fe :
Poulkovo . : :
Prag * . .
Prague . 2 3
Premslaff .
Pressburg

Pribram

Privas :

Proskau

Prussia (Germany) .
Pulkova, or Poulkovo

115

56
56

56
97

3
93
97
20
56
17
12

97
71

82
82

9

27
82
74
56
82

ce

io
72
51
BL
75

82
10
82
56

72

56
Bl
109
106

9

72
92
56
56
96
57

57

57
3

57
35
97

116

Quebec . F 5
(JUEENSLAND 5
Quito

Rambouillet
Rapperschwyl .
Rastadt . : 7
Raveuna . ; 5
Ravensburg
Regensburg
Reichenbach .,
Reichenberg

Reims : $ ;
Rennes

Reutlingen

Reval, or Revel
Reykjavik
Rheinfelden 7
Riazan

Richmond :
Riga F ; .
Rio Janeiro .
Rochefort

Rome, or Roma
Rostock . , .
Rotterdam

Roubaix .

Rouen : ‘
Rourkee . ; ;
Rovereto .

Rugby

Russia

Ryde

St. Albans 3 é
St. Andrews
Saint-Etienne

St. Gall

Saint-Germain-en- Laye
St. Helena

Saint Jean-d Angely
St. John’s 3
Saint- Lo :
Saint-Maixent .
St. Nicolas
Saint-Omer
St. Petersburg
St. Polten
Saint-Quentin
Salford
Salisbury
Salzburg . 2
Sanct-Petersbourg
Sandhurst
Sandwich Islands
San Fernando
San José .

Santiago ;
Saxe-Coburg- -Gotba ;

INDEX.

97

82
72
72
58
97
72
109
102

46

Saxe-Meiningen

| Saxe-Weimar

Saxony (Germany)
SCANDINAVIA
Schirssburg .
Schiedam

Schwarzburg- Sondershausen

Schwerin .
ScorLanD
Semur
Senlis

Sens
Shanghai .
Sheffield

Shrewsbury ; .
Sigmaringen

Siena : f '
Sion ; .
Soissons

Soleure, or Shlethunn
Solothurn

Sondershausen
SOUTH AMERICA .
Southampton
Sourn AUSTRALIA
South Shields

SPAIN a : _
Speier . ‘
Spezia : :
Stade 3 ; :
Stavanger

Stettin

Stockholm
Stonyhurst ‘
Strassburg , -
Strelitz . ; ss
Stuttgart

Surinam

Swansea

SwepEN . a A
SWITZERLAND

Sydney

Tarbes. ‘ .
TASMANIA ;
Taunton . é .
Teignmouth ‘ °
Tenby .
Termonde ‘
Tharand .

Thorn : ; ;

Tiflis a . °

Tirlemort é A
Tokio e R i
Toluca

Tongres ° .
Toola : e
Toronto . z °
Torino : . °

faut) era.

a 6 Mets

Torquay . A
Toulon ‘ :
Toulouse
Tournai .
Tours
Trevandram
Treviso

Trient

Trier

Trieste .
TRINIDAD
Trondhjem
Troyes

Truro
Tubingen
Turin, or Torino
TURKEY
Tuscany . .
Twickenham ~

Udine

Ulm ;
Upsala
Utrecht

Valence
Valenciennes
Valencia
Varshava
Venezia .
VENEZUELA
Venice, or Venezia
Verdun

Verona .
Versailles
Verviers .
Vesoul

Vesteras
Vicenza
VICTORIA . ;
Vienna, or Wien
Vilna

INDEX. ry

72|Vitry-le-Frangois . : ; 8
83 | Vladimir . ; ‘ : ; 100
17 | WaLes 75
83 | Waren . 61
10 | Warrington : : ; 72
&4 | Warsaw, or Varshava ; SL)
60| Warwick . ie
60 | Watford (2
60 | Weihenstephan ‘ : 61
6] Weilburg . . : 3 . 61
91] Weimar . 5 ; : . 61
33 | Weinsberg : ; : , 61
72 | Wellington ; : . ; 12
60} Wernigerode . : : ; 61
84] West Inpiges . ' ‘ ‘i 6
108| Whitby . 3 ; : ‘ ties
78 | Wien ; : : ‘ ; 61
72 | Wiesbaden ; 5 : ‘ 63
Wilhelmshaven 5 oi A 63
84| Windsor . 3 : - . 11
61 | Woolhope 2 7 73
103 | Woolwich 73
88 | Worms : : ; : ‘ 63
Wiirtemberg 4)
3 | Wiirzburg : - : : 63
83 | Wycombe ; : : : 73
102
100 | Yarosslaw ; : ; . 100
85 | Yedo ‘ 5 j : ; 10
8} Yokohama ; ; . ; 10
85 | York ‘ : ‘ : ; 73
3 | Ypres < . . : ; 17
85|Yverdon . A : A eeOG
34
17 | Zara ; ; : é ; 64
34 | Zittau j A ‘ ‘ j 64
103 | Zurich ‘i ‘ 3 ; ‘ 106
85 | Zweibriicken . ; ‘ ; 64
J1|Zwiekau . 3 , : . 64
61 | Zwolle é ; ; F ; 89
100

SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS.

316 ae

CIRCULAR IN REFERENCE TO AMERICAN
ARCHAOLOGY.

SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION,
WasuinatTon, D. C., February 1, 1878.

For more than a quarter of a century, the Smithsonian Institu-
tion has been engaged in researches concerning the antiquities of
America. As the result of its efforts many important memoirs
have been prepared, and published in its Annual Reports and in
the Contributions to Knowledge; and the National Museum, in
charge of the Institution, has become the depository of the largest
and most valuable collection of American aboriginal relics in the
world.

In continuation of previous effort in the same direction, the
Institution contemplates the publication of an exhaustive work on
American Archeology, with numerous illustrations This will be
accompanied by a series of maps, exhibiting by appropriate signs
and colors the localities and distinctive characteristics of ancient
mounds and earthworks ; shell-heaps; cave and cliff-dwellings ; ma-
sonry ; sculptured slabs or carved images ; inscriptions and rock paint-
ings; graves and cemeteries; aboriginal quarries and salt works;
caches or deposits of objects in large quantities ; workshops or places
of ancient aboriginal industry ; ancient roads or trails; and reser-

voirs and aqueducts.

9 AMERICAN ARCIMOLOGY.

‘To this end the Institution desires to collect from every availa-
ble source, whatever is now known, or can be ascertained by special
investigation, of the antiquities of North America; and it invites
the codperation of all into whose hands this circular may fall.
If the recipient has not the time or the disposition for such in-
quiries, he is requested to hand it to some one in his neighborhood
who is known to be, or who is likely to become, interested in such
matters, with the request to correspond directly with the Smithso-
nian Institution upon the subject.

SPECIAL MEMORANDA.

In giving a description of any of the objects named above, great
care should be taken in defining the exact locality, the site or station,
the number and manner of grouping, the shape and size, the internal

structure, and the contents.

1. Locality—In locating aboriginal remains, the State (or terri-
tory,) the county, the township, and the distance and direction
from the nearest post office or railway station should be distinctly
’ given. In addition to this it is advisable to name any well known
stream, hill, bluff, or other remarkable natural feature in the im-
mediate vicinity. Explorers usually refer a “find” to the land of
some individual. This may answer for a secondary indication ;
but, inasmuch as lands are constantly changing owners, it should
not be too much relied upon.

2. Site or Station—Nearly all aboriginal constructions seem to
have been erected with reference to some natural advantage; for
example, upon a hill for observation or defense, by the water for
fishing purposes, upon an alluvial plain or terrace for convenience
to tillable land, &c. Again, there is reason to suppose that geo-
logical changes, such as the shifting of river beds, may have taken
place since these erections were made. The site of the remains
should, therefore, be described with reference to the surrounding

AMERICAN ARCH AZOLOGY. 3

country, and to the natural advantages and geological history of
the location.

3. Number and Grouping.—However abundant earthworks and
other aboriginal remains may be in any locality, on careful inspec-
tion, they will generally be found in groups, having some relation
to each other, to the points of the compass, or to the topographical
features of the country. An accurate survey and plot, indicating
each member in its place, is the most instructive method of repre-
senting the facts. Where this is impracticable the individual con-
stituents should be carefully counted and their relative location

sketched as definitely as possible.

A, Shape and Size. In different portions of North America the
earthworks and other structures exhibit certain conventional shapes,
notably the animal mounds of Wisconsin. In order to ascertain
the geographical distribution of typical forms it is very desirable
to obtain ground plans and sectional drawings as accurate as cir-
cumstances will allow. In several States surveys of the most cele-
brated works have been made, and others are in progress. The
plots of Moses Strong (Smith. Rep., 1876, 424-452) may be taken
as models for ground-plans. Cross-sections and elevations are im-
portant in conveying an idea of complicated works. It is well,
moreover, to observe the effect of weathering and of cultivation.
Notice should be taken, also, of the age of trees growing upon the
work or upon lands in the vicinity supposed to have been cleared
by the ancient inhabitants.

5. Internal Structure.—The study of the structure of an aboriginal
work has reference to the nucleus or central portion, and to the
enveloping mass. Leaving the former to be considered under the
next heading, whatever is said here concerning structure will relate
to the latter only. The internal structure of aboriginal remains
depends upon their design and the material at hand, quite as much
as upon the conceptions of their builders. In some the mass is homo-

4 AMERICAN ARCHAOLOGY.

geneous throughout; while in others there are layers of clay,
mould, sand, and stone, varying in thickness and mode of distri-
bution. By sinking a shaft from the centre of the apex, or by
cutting a ditch on a level with the ground, from the circumference
toward the centre, the structure will be revealed.

6. Contents—The contents of earthworks and other ancient
structures vary with the purpose which they were designed to sub-
serve, with the locality, and, in the case of burial mounds, with the
social standing of those interred within them. The greatest diver-
sity of contents is found in the mounds of the Mississippi Valley,
which, indeed, have been named burial, sacrificial, domiciliary, and
defensive mounds, according to the end which they seem to have
served. The most desirable objects among the contents of these
mounds and other earthworks are the human remains. In order to
preserve the crania and bones, as well as bone implements or other
friable objects, they should be covered with boiled oil, or with a
weak solution of warm white glue. When this has dried sufficiently,
the process may be repeated until the tissue is completely hardened.
Small fragments may be immersed in the liquid at once. Where
it is practicable to save crania and other fragile ‘objects entire, the
glue may be applied before they are removed from the earth. Dr.
Otis, of the Army Medical Museum, has succeeded in taking out a
block of earth containing the skull, and by repeated washings and
application of the glue has saved some very frail specimens. The
Société d’Anthropologie de Paris has issued two pamphlets of in-
structions, indispensable to collectors of human remains, viz., “ In-
structions Craniologiques et Craniométriques”” and “ Instructions
Générales pour les récherches Anthropologiques.” With regard to
the nucleus and to aboriginal relics contained therein, the explorer
should examine every object in the position where first discovered,
with reference to the original level of the ground, to the structure
of the tumulus, and to the objects buried with it. He should dis-
regard no object however insignificant it may seem, and record

AMERICAN ARCHAOLOGY. *

with the most scrupulous accuracy whatever is observed. With
reference to shell-heaps as well as to mounds there is evidence that
the work of erection was abandoned and resumed at longer or
shorter intervals, and that a long time elapsed between the com-
mencement and completion of some of them. This would be indi-
cated by a difference in the character of the deposits, by a change
in the mode of burial, and by the more or less decayed condition
of the bones found in each layer. Many interesting problems con-
cerning race, migration, commerce, cannibalism, cremation, trepan-
ning, disease, &ec., are to be solved by an exhaustive comparison of
the contents of these aboriginal constructions.

_ In addition to original records and descriptions concerning the

objects enumerated above, the Smithsonian Institution desires to
obtain copies of all books, memoirs, pamphlets, extracts from
periodicals, and newspaper clippings having any relation whatever
to American archeology. It also desires to be informed of the lo-
cality of all collections of American antiquities, however small,
whether in private hands or in public museums. Special informa-
tion concerning these collections, the number and character of the
most perfect and choice specimens, together with photographs,
tracings, or other drawings of the same, will also be valuable, and
may enable the Institution to publish a directory of all the archxo-
logical collections in the United States.

In conclusion, the Smithsonian Institution respectfully and ur-
gently invites contributions of specimens of aboriginal art and
antiquities from all sources and from every part of the country, to
be placed in the National Museum at Washington, and preserved
permanently in a fire-proof building under careful supervision.
The object in view is not merely to possess every variety of article,
but also to ascertain the geographical distribution of each form.
In this manner, important information may be obtained as to the
migrations and commerce of the ancient races.

All specimens contributed will be duly accredited to the donor

6 AMERICAN ARCH AOLOGY.

in the reports of the Institution, in the proposed work on American
Archeology, and on the labels of the specimens; so that, wherever
the object may be, the source whence derived will be known. In- ©
structions will be given by the Institution, on application, as to the
best method and route of transmission of such collections, the
freight on which will be paid on receipt in Washington.
JOSEPH HENRY;
Secretary Smithsonian Institution.

AMERICAN ARCH ZOLOGY. t

INFORMATION DESIRED AS MATERIAL FOR AN ILLUS-
TRATED WORK ON THE ARCHAZOLOGY OF NORTH
AMERICA.

Name of Correspondent,
Occupation,
Post Office Address,
Date of Communication,
GENERAL INQUIRIES.
1. Are there any remains of ancient aboriginal structures, such

as mounds, earthworks, shell-heaps, &c., in your vicinity?

2. Are there any other indications of a former occupation of
the region by the aborigines?

3. Where are they located? Give State, county, nearest post
office, distance and direction from some well known natural feature,
and the name of the owner of the property at the date of the re-
port.

MOUNDS AND EARTHWORKS.
4, How are they situated with reference to streams and springs

of water, elevations, tillable land, or other natural features?

5. What changes, if any, have taken place in the streams, forests,
and other surroundings since their erection?

6. Are the mounds isolated or in groups?

7. If the latter, what is their number and relative position ?
Furnish a sketch or plan, however rude it may be, with the indi-
vidual mounds of the group, numbered. A topographical survey is
most desirable, where it is convenient.

8. What is the size and shape in ground plans, in section, of each

Answers to the accompanying questions may best be made by reference
to the uumbers without repeating the interrogatories.

54

8 AMERICAN ARCH AOLOGY.

member of the group? Of irregular and animal mounds a sketch

with measurements of the different prominent parts should be given.
9. Of what material are they composed ?
10. How is this material arranged, especially near the centre?
11. What is the construction of the centre of the work ?

12. Where was the material used in the formation probably ob-
tained ?

13. Have any of the mounds been explored? Designate which
ones on a plat.

14. If explored, what archeological objects were found in them?
15. What have become of those objects?

16. If any account of them or of the exploration has been pub-
lished, where, and by whom ?

17. Have the mounds or earthworks been injured by weather-
ing or by cultivation?

18. Are trees growing upon any of them? If so, of what kind
and dimensions ?

SHELL-HEAPS.

19. What is the number of shell-heaps in your vicinity ?

20. What is the location of the deposits with respect to the
water and other natural features ?

21. Has there been any change in the shore to submerge them,
to carry a portion of them away, or to bring them above the water
line and away from the beach ?

22. What is the length, breadth, and depth of each ?

23. Of what are they composed? Collect specimens of each
species of shells.

24, What is the nature and depth of the superincumbent soil ?

25. What vegetable substance used as food or for other purposes
occur in them ?

26. What animal or human remains have been found in them ?

27. Were the bones whole, charred, or fractured ?

AMERICAN ARCHAOLOGY. 9
28. Were any wood, bone, shell, or stone implements, or orna-
ments, or pottery discovered ? .

29. What were the characteristics of these objects? Make
drawings or photographs if practicable.

CAVE AND CLIFF-DWELLINGS.

30. Have any caves or rock-shelters in your section of the
country ever been used by the aborigines for a dwelling ?

31. What advantages do these .places furnish for defense, for ac-
cessibility to water, game, and other means of living?

32. Are there any indications of an attempt to improve or
strengthen these places ?

33. What relics of man or of his works were found, and under
what conditions ?

MASONRY.

In the southwestern portions of our country and from thence to
the Isthmus, remains of stone and adobe structures are to be seen.
If any have been found in your section—

34. What is the material of which they were built?

co
oO

. What uniting substances, if any, have been used ?

oo
So

. What is the plan and probable use of the structure ?
37. What attempts were made at ornamentation ?

38. Is there a central excavation or estufa ?

o9. Was the building more than one story high?

40. How is it situated with reference to protection and conve-
nience ?

Al, What relics were found in it?

SCULPTURED SLABS AND CARVED IMAGES.

In portions of the Mississippi Valley specimens of rude statuary
have been found, and further south in Mexico and Central America
large slabs occur covered with sculpture.

10 AMERICAN ARCHZOLOGY.

42, If sculptures occur near you, under what eondaae were
they found ?

43. With what other remains were they associated ?

44, If slabs, have they been injured by weathering ?

45, Has any account, illustrated or otherwise, been published ?

46. If they have been removed, in whose possession are they now?

ROCK-PAINTINGS AND INSCRIPTIONS.

On cliffs and bowlders carved and painted inscriptions have been
found.

47. If any occur in your neighborhood, what is the precise loca-
tion ?

48. Is the design executed with paint or in sculpture?
49. What figures are represented? Give asketch or photograph
if practicable.

ABORIGINAL BURIAL.

50. Are the dead found in isolated graves, cemeteries, ossuaries,
caves, or mounds ?

51. Are the graves which are in groups arranged according to
any plan?

52. Are they on a level tract or on a slope ?
53. If the latter, what point of compass does it face ?

54. Does each grave contain the remains of more than one indi-
vidual ?

55. Were the bodies buried in a sitting posture, stretched out,
lying on the side and doubled up, or were the bones mingled indis-
criminately in the grave? |

56. Was the head or face of the dead directed to any particular
point of the compass ?

57. Are the remains simply buried in the earth, or are they en-

AMERICAN ARCH AZOLOGY. 11

closed in stone circles, in cysts, in earthen jars, or in some other
receptacle ?

58. In what state of preservation were the bones found ?
59. Are the graves deep or shallow ?
60. Have they been injured by weathering ?

61. Is there any evidence of dessication, mummification, crema-
tion, or other special treatment of the remains of the dead pre-
viously to interment? »

ABORIGINAL ‘QUARRIES.
62. If any ancient quarries have been discovered, what is the
material which was sought by the aborigines ?
63. What is the locality, depth, and form of the excavation?

64. What evidence exists of the manner of detaching and work-
ing the material ?

65. What and what kind of mining tools have been discovered ?
CACHES.

Various kinds of aboriginal implements have been found de-
posited in large quantities as if designedly.

66. If caches have been found, what was the number, and char-
acter of the contents ?

67. Where and under what circumstances were they found ?

68. Were the objects kept together by the discoverer, or scat-
tered? If the former, in whose possession are they now ?

WORKSHOPS.

At certain seasons of the year some of our western tribes encamp
in the neighborhood of deposits of jasper, chaleedony, and other
minerals valuable for arrow-making, and manufacture a sufficient

12 AMERICAN ARCHAOLOGY.

quantity of points, knives, &c., to last them a long time. The
ground around such places, for several acres, is covered with splin-
ters, cores, spoiled points, and flaking tools.

69. Are there any traces of the manufacture of stone implements
or pottery in large quantities in your yicinity ?

70. If so, what is the character of the refuse ?

71. Has this refuse been subjected to the action of running water,

and what is the method of its aggregation under such influence?

ROUTES AND TRAILS.

72. What vestiges, if any, exist in your section of ancient trails,
carrying places, fords, bridges, stone-heaps, land-marks, and what-
ever else would throw light upon ancient migration and ecommerce ?

RESERVOIRS AND WATER COURSES.
73. Have any attempts been made by the aborigines of your re-
gion to construct aqueducts or reservoirs for water?

74. Do the aqueducts show any especial skill in following the
natural level?

75. What is the length and other dimensions of the channel ?
76. Were any attempts made at irrigation ?

77. What is the size of the reservoirs, if any: exist?

78. How are they lined ?

79. How were they supplied with water ?

BIBLIOGRAPHY.

80. Do you know of any original memoirs or surveys of these
remains that have not been published? Please send the name and
address of the individual who has them in possession.

81. Have any accounts of the antiquities in your neighborhood
been published by your local press? Can copies be procured ?

AMERICAN ARCH ZOLOGY. 15
82. Have they been described in any other publication, such as
magazines, proceedings of learned societies, &c.?
83. Are there any public or private collections of antiquities in
your locality ?

84. If so, do they contain rare and valuable specimens ?

85. Have these specimens ever been figured ? Drawings or other
representations of those that are rare will be gratefully received by
the Institution.

86. What specimens can you furnish as a contribution to the
National Museum ?

14 AMERICAN ARCH AOLOGY.

The following symbols, most of which are taken from the inter-
national code of Mm. Mortillet and Chantre, published in the
Smithsonian Report for 1875, are designed to secure uniformity of
illustration and facility of reference:

° : i
3% Stone heap, cairn, landmark.

Le Shell heap, kjokkenmédding,

— Mound, or tumulus; dotted, if a stone mound.
7 Mardelle, pit, excavation, dug-hole.

4 Mound enclosing a cist or chamber.

a Circumvallation, earthwork.

[Xj Earthwork enclosing tumuli. See symbols for number.

Ga Tumulus surmounting a work and ditch.

Ly Longitudinal earthwork, the line beneath indicates extension.

a Cave dwelling or cliff structure.

xk Communal dwelling, pueblo.

E24 Masonry, wall of stone or adobe.
A Sculptured slabs or carved images.
ik Rock-paintings and inscriptions.
A Hollowed stone, cup cuttings.

Ns A row of standing stones, carved slabs, &c.

A circle or enclosure of the same, the dots may apply to other
ihe symbols. :

\__/ Burial place, method not known.

\=/ Inhumation, at length.

\.z/ Inhumation, in a doubled up position.

AMERICAN ARCH AOLOGY. 15

Inhumation, in a sitting position.
Cremation.

Cemetery, the stars may apply to any burial symbol.

Ossuary, many bodies in one tomb.

‘ Sepulchral mound, the mode of burial to be added.

Cemetery mound, many separate graves.
Ossuary mound.

Cave tomb.

Quarry.

Cache, intentional deposit of many objects
‘Workshops, places of ancient industry.
Road, trail, ancient highway.

Reservoir.

Aqueduct.

Explored, the circle may apply to any symbol.
Several, the plus may apply to any symbol.
Many, the two marks indicating a large number.

Definite number, the figures to the right indicate the exact
number.

SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS,
OLD saa

CIRCULAR OF INQUIRIES

RELATIVE TO THE

NATURAL HISTORY OF THE AMERICAN CRAWFISH
AND OTHER FRESH WATER CRUSTACEA.

SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION,
Wasuinaton, D. C., March 1, 1878.

The Smithsonian Institution desires to call attention to the im-
portance of securing for the National Museum full series of the
Crawfish and other fresh-water Crustacea of North America.

Recognizing the fact that the agency of man has already extermi-
nated forms which once inhabited the streams and fresh-water
basins of the eastern side of the continent, it perceives the neces-
sity for speedy preparation to secure the species belonging to the
various faunal areas before they are forever lost to science.

Many facts have recently been added to the recorded history of
the Crawfishes which enable a more exact position to be taken with
regard to their origin and affinities. Many more observations, how-
ever, will be needed to fill out their history ; and every fact bear-
ing upon the subject will be of interest and value.

The student can no longer be satisfied with a bare designation of
the species, but he must admit that each stage of growth has its
meaning, and that so has every step in physical advance or diver-
gence.

It should be remarked that the habits of a form may vary accord-
_ing to environment and attending circumstances. Thus in the

crawfish, a species will build chimneys of mud in some localities,

2 INQUIRIES RELATIVE TO CRAWFISH.

while it will not do so in others. At one season of the year it will
wander over a wide range of surface, and at another it will remain
confined within narrow limits.

Distinct species live in the mountain streams and in the springs
at their sources. Some frequent the marshes of the lowlands, (both
the fresh and salt marshes) either near the streams, or adjacent to
the bays, sounds, or ocean. Some occur beneath stones in rivers,
creeks, or branches; in the muddy basins; beneath stones in the
rapids ; among grass and weeds in more quiet places, and in coves ;
under shelving grassy banks; in holes at the bottom of ponds, lakes,
dams, and mill-races. Others bore holes in the meadows, or even
in the hill-tops near water; and in bringing up the mud and clay
from their tube-like holes, pile it as a chimney at the entrance.
These species at particular times place a plug of clay in the orifice
of the chimney and seal themselves in for a certain length of time.

Still others reside in the drains and mud of the rice fields and
plantations of the south, and sometimes burrow through the em-
bankments allowing the water to flood the region.

In order to secure a more full and accurate knowledge of these
creatures, the Smithsonian Institution respectfully requests replies,
as far as possible, to the following queries. A reference to the num-
ber will suffice in cases when it is inconvenient to write at greater
length. .

There are three great groups of Crawfish which may be distin-
guished by the difference in the shape of the front end of the head.

1. The first has the tip of the head with acute spine, and farther
back with another sharp, long spine each side.

2. The second has the tip of the head acutely triangular, and
usually with a minute tooth or notch each side just back of it.

3. The third has the tip of the head almost conical, with the
sides a little rounded, or with the extreme tip armed with a short
tooth, ?

INQUIRIES RELATIVE TO CRAWFISH. 3

Other crustacea will be found parasitic upon fishes and other
aquatic creatures, some in their mouths, stomachs, or intestines, or
attached to their gills, or gill covers. Other kinds inhabit the
‘shores of bays, creeks, coves, &c., beneath rubbish, or grass, or in
the sand, or on the plants submerged in the waters, or even be-
neath stones and other matter in ponds, sometimes at great depths.

Some attack fishes, wound them, suck their blood, or devour
them ; while others feed upon their eggs.

Various kinds of fishes swallow crustacea, and they may be
found in their stomachs.

Catfishes often cram themselves with them, and with their eggs.
Their eggs form a dainty morsel for aquatic insects and other crea-
tures.

All these creatures of whatever form or kind will be acceptable,
in all their stages, from the egg to the adult. They can be sent in
alcohol, or alive, as may be most convenient.

When placed in fluid, their colors and markings should be noted
and sent at the same time as the specimens.

On the last page of the present circular will be found the figure
of a crawfish with a separate representation of the tail, taken from
the “First Book of Zoology,” by Professor E. S. Morse, (D. Apple-
ton & Co., New York.)

Answers to the queries may refer merely to the number of the
questions. )

Full credit will be given to all who interest themselves to send

specimens and observations.
JOSEPH HENRY,

Secretary Smithsonian Institution.

COe Si Core Oca

10.
ass

12.

15.
14.

15.

16.
aes

INQUIRIES RELATIVE TO CRAWFISH.

QUESTIONS.

. What kinds of Crawfish live in your vicinity ?

. Have you one kind in your springs, and a different kind in the

streams which run from them ?

. Do they live in holes made by themselves at the bottom of the

springs ?

. If so, do other creatures live with them in these holes ?

. Are they active there, or elsewhere in winter ?

. Do the different parts of your streams yield different kinds ?
. If so, please report any differences in their habits ?

. Does one species master the other and chase it away, or exter-

minate it ?

. Does the kind in the springs destroy the floors or other parts of

your spring houses ?
Will you secure a few of the largest specimens you may find ?

Are these large ones more shy and secretive than the medium
sized ones ?

The males may be known by the forked, hooked, or twisted
ends of the first pair of legs on the fore part of the belly
proper. Are the males or the females of any one kind more
abundant ?

At what dates do you find eggs on the belly of the female ?

Does the male, or another female, help to place the eggs on the
legs of the belly ?

What is the size of the smallest female you have ever seen with
eggs ; and what of the largest ?

Are the eggs sometimes smaller, or fewer, than at other times?

If a specimen loses her eggs does she lay a new set?

18.
19.

21.

22.

INQUIRIES RELATIVE TO CRAWFISH. 5

How soon after laying do the young ones hatch out ?

How many times do they change their shell before leaving the
mother ?

. How many times do they change within the year after leaving

the mother ?

Do they split the shell lengthwise, or how, in making the
change ?

Does the change so exhaust their energies as to cause them to
remain inert ?

. If so, for how long a time?

. Do they unite sexually at all times of the spring, summer, or

autumn ?

. Do they ever so unite in winter ?

. Are they affected in any way at the times of changing of the

moon ?

. Do the males fight among themselves for the possession of the

female ?

. Does any species live in the wells of your region ?

. If so, in what kind of water ?

. Does the cold or darkness of such places deform them in any

way ?

. How deep in the well do they live, and in what parts of it ?
. Do you find them in the standing water of limestone quarries ?
. Do they live in the pools of other kinds of quarries?

. Are they found anywhere in strong limestone, iron, sulphur, or

alkaline waters ?

. Does the sand or grit carried down by freshets kill or disable

them ?

. Are they more numerous in some places now than they were

formerly ?

ov.
38.
39.

40.
41.
42.

45.

44,

45.
46,

47.
48.

49.
50.

51.
52.

59.
54.

50.
56.

INQUIRIES RELATIVE TO CRAWFISH.
Has a new form come in and destroyed a former one?
What are its enemies in your vicinity ?

How far does it distribute itself over your region, and does it
leave localities to return to them again ?

Are they nocturnal or diurnal in feeding, or traveling ?
Does one sex differ from the other in such habits ?

Do they destroy vegetables or other garden products in your
region ?

Do they cause dams to burst by burrowing through the embank-
ments ?

Do they sometimes swarm after rains, either during the day or
night ?

What fish feed on them in your vicinity ?

Do they live singly, in pairs of the sexes, or in communities ?

Does either sex choose the young for food ?

Such as burrow in meadows away from water, how deep do they
bore the hole? and in what kind of subsoil ?

Do they always burrow until moisture or water is reached ?

How long does it take to finish the burrow; stating the kind —
of ground ?

Do they use the tail as a shovel to scoop out the soil ?

How do they carry it to the surface, and how build the chim-
ney ?

How do they plug it from beneath ?
How high do they build the chimney ?

Does the winter rain wash it away and leave the hole open ?

At what times, in what seasons, does it build chimneys ?

57.
58.
59.

60.

61.

62.

63.
64.

65.
66.
67.
68.

alee
72.

INQUIRIES RELATIVE TO CRAWFISH. 7
In what kind of weather do they plug the chimney ?
How long at a time does one work, and at what hours?

Do they select a tree and burrow beneath its roots, or carry
the chamber beneath an underground stone for protection ?

Does a single species sometimes live in the water, and at an-
other time live in holes on the land ?

Does it sometimes colonize beneath a stone or log in ditch or
meadow on the approach of cold weather ?

Have you more than one kind living upon the branches, or

on the tops of, submerged weeds in your streams or ponds ?
What is the greatest depth of water at which they are found ?

Do the kinds which live on the weeds affect othez kinds of
places ?

Do they generally rest with heads directed up stream ?
At what seasons and times of day do these unite sexually ?
How soon after this do they lay their eggs ?

Does the male unite sexually with the female when she has
eggs under her body?

. Where does she go after being fecundated ?
70.

Does she feed during incubation?
Is she, or he, soft-shelled at the time of sexual union ?

Please note peculiarities of spot from which your specimens are
taken? And state temperature and depth of water ?

Name and address of observer,

Date of statement,
55

8 INQUIRIES RELATIVE TO CRAWFISH.

REPRESENTATION OF A CRAWFISH (Cambarus virilis?) FROM
THE MISSISSIPPI RIVER.

Fig. 1.

Tail of Crawfish.

SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS.
320

CIRCULAR

RELATING TO

COLLECTIONS OF LIVING REPTILES.

The Smithsonian Institution is at present engaged in the prepar-
ation, for exhibition in the National Museum, of a series of plaster
casts of American reptiles taken from the living or recently dead
specimens, and carefully colored from nature. For this purpose it

respectfully invites contributions of the following objects :

First. Specimens of any of the turtles and terrapins found in
your vicinity, with information as to whether the collection em-
braces all the species known; and, if not, whether others may be
looked for hereafter.

Second. The largest procurable specimens of serpents, with the
exception of the poisonous kinds (such as rattlesnakes, copper-
heads, and moccasins) in reference to the transmission of which,

further and special correspondence is requested.

Third. The various kinds of salamanders, water-lizards, 01
ground puppies, to include the large hell-bender of the western
waters; the mud pup or water-lizard of the northern lakes, or
Menobranchus ; the congo eel or ground puppy (Siren and Amphi-
uma) of the Southern rice-fields, etc., as well as the smaller kinds
found in damp places under stones and logs. <A series of the frogs

will also be acceptable.

9

a

All these animals should be suitably boxed and transmitted, as
far as possible, alive ; or, if dead, packed in ice, so as to insure their
coming in good condition. The serpents require no special precau-
tions in the way of packing; if of nearly the same size several may
be sent together. If the disproportion be very great, there is, how-
ever, danger that the larger may devour the smaller. No rattle-
snakes, copperheads or moccasins should be transmitted. The
turtles should be wrapped or sewed up in some kind of cloth, so as
to prevent friction. They should not be sent loose with the softer
objects. Serpents require no moisture; frogs and salamanders
should be packed with wet moss.

Among the turtles should be included the soft-shell sp the
true terrapins, the land tortoises, etc.

Single specimens of any living reptiles, as well as larger num-

bers, including duplicates, will always be gladly received, and due
acknowledgment made for the same.
_ The largest procurable representatives es each species is desi-
rable.
Transmissions may be made by any express company, freight to
be paid in Washington.
JOSEPH HENRY,
Secretary S. I.
SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION,
WasuHineton, February 1, 1878.

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