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SS > SS Se eS Se . , ID MDS RDS >> D> POP LO) Pa >> S35 >. > >» > ; Tp) sa [p> J > > >>.) >> 3D > “Sp >>>® ae soi D> ee >> EM > LP So ee > ee > >t 2 DD DoD _>? eee ed p> > 22> 22> D>? >= aon ne Y y V ‘ iim b> b> SS es : LD DI IS STD PS pe Sy 5-5) DS machin, OV SMITHSONIAN WISCELLANKOLS COLLECTIONS. “ EVERY MAN IS A VALUABLE MEMBER OF SOCIETY WHO BY HIS OBSERVATIONS, RESEARCHES, AND EXPERIMENTS PROCURES KNOWLEDGE FOR MEN.”—SMITHSON. WASHINGTON: PUBLISHED BY THE SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION. : 1880 Advertisement ARTICLE Ie ARTICLE De ARTICLE III. ARTICLE IV. ARTICLE V. ARTICLE VI. ARTICLE VII. ARTICLE VIII. CONTONLES. (253.) Lanp axp FresH-WATER SHELLS oF NortH AMERICA. By Grorce W. Tryon, Jr. Part 1V. SrREPOMATIDZ (AMERICAN MELANIANS). 1873. Pp. 490. (270.) CATALOGUE OF THE DESCRIBED DIPTERA oF Nortu America. By C. R. Osten Sacken. (Sec- ond edition ) 1878. Pp. 324. (321.) Tue Toner Lecrures. Lecture VII. 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The position of a work in one or the other of the two series will sometimes depend upon whether the required illustrations can be presented more conveniently in the quarto or the octavo form. In the Smithsonian Contributions to Knowledge, as well as in the present series, each article is separately paged and indexed, and the actual date of its publication is that given on its special title-page, and not that of the volume in which it is placed. In many cases, works have been published, and largely distributed, years before their combination into volumes. While due care is taken on the part of the Smithsonian Institu- tion to insure a proper standard of excellence in its publications, it will be readily understood that it cannot hold itself responsible for the facts and conclusions of the authors, as it is impossible in most cases to verify their statements. SPENCER F. BAIRD, Secretary S. I. ( vii ) SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS. —__—__—_—__— _ 253 LAND AND FRESH-WATER SHELLS OF NORTH AMERICA. Sb ivebi be Ooi ae zB, (AMERICAN MELANIANS). BY GEORGE W. TRYON, Jr. WASHINGTON: Sern SON LAN LN DELTU TION. DECEMBER, 1875, | Wa 5 aly Label ain Dede Binary WTS a aie a a : hi » - sai i see's pate ¥ i ‘ 2s ¢ Bale + 4 Bin? a i a Ws SE ffi "ses Lae Vi Laat = re oars ~ ane i i id Pe Se tae Phe Haris : See ry ii , } We “ary Cane rpesen a Learner tae ni é is : eee Hes RS re Sty eS aoe - Van ie , ‘ u : eer gr 7 1] . re e y . f da, We Ooms iets ioe at Ea A Ma oe ‘ : Q »? F see rane ate 2 hing {iam esis td, b Va e . Ss ' . ‘ ee 2 ; Pel 7 : OSE i ‘eg RU Teiet is ni ; > bs eee i EP ae oe BRL oa a / y ' ) ae . oes Li PREFACE, Tue following pages contain the results of several years’ study of one of the most interesting and difficult branches of American Conchology. My MS. was completed in 1865, . and I find, upon freshly taking up the subject, that I am inclined to question many of the conclusions at which I had then arrived. A more enlarged acquaintance with fresh-water shells convinces me that a much greater reduction of the number of species than I have attempted must eventually be made; but until the prolific waters of the southern states have been systematically explored and a great collection of specimens obtained, which shall represent every portion of those streams and include as many transitional forms as can be procured, a definitive monograph of our Melanians cannot be written. I am indebted to several kind friends for assist- ance in preparing this work; first of all, to Dr. Isaac Lea, who not only gave me constant access to his noble collection, but on many occasions aided me by comparing specimens and elucidating knotty questions in synonymy. Mr. John G. Anthony, Prof. S. S. Haldeman and the late Dr. Aug. A. Gould, with great liberality, sent to me their types; and in these collections and that of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, I also found types of many of the species described by Say and Conrad. Most of my synonymy is derived from the direct comparison of these typical shells, and to this extent I believe my work will prove to be reliable. Gu W.., Toe November, 1875. (v) . Ly ° Fh leg —s 9 é ye PS x > =: ty ADVERTISEMENT. Tue Smithsonian Institution, realizing the lack of knowledge in refereyte to the land and fresh-water shells of North America/ issued a circular, several years ago, to its correspondents and the friends of science generally, asking contributions of specimens from as many localities as possible, with a view of publishing a report on the subject. In the course of a few years a gratifying re- sponse was made to this appeal from all parts of the con- tinent, in the form of extensive collections of specimens, embracing not only the several species, but those illus- trating geographical distribution. The specimens thus obtained were placed by the Insti- tution in the hands of specialists, for the preparation of a series of monographs to bear the general title of “ Land and Fresh-water Shells of North America.” This was subdivided into: I, Pulmonata Geophila, terrestrial uni- valve shells, breathing free air; II, Pulmonata Lim- nophila and Thalassophila, free air breathing univalves, but usually living in or near fresh waters (Limnophila) or the sea ( Thalassophita) ; II, all the operculated land and fresh-water mollusks (excepting the Strepomatide or American Melanians) and embracing the Ampullar- tide, Valvatide, Viviparide, Rissoide, Cyclophoride, Truncatellide, Neritide and Helicinide; IV, the Strep- omatide ; V, the Corbiculade; and VI, the Unionide. Of these monographs, Parts II and III, by Mr. W. G. Binney, were published in September, 1865. Part I, by Mr. Binney and Mr. T. Bland, in February, 1869 ; and Part V, by Mr. Temple Prime, December, 1865. An elaborate monograph of the /Zjdrobiine, a subfamily of Lissoide, treated in less detail by Mr. Binney in Part (iii) lv Ill, from the pen of Dr. Wm. Stimpson, was published in August, 1865. Of the two remaining monographs, Part IV is given in the following pages, as prepared by Mr. G. W. Tryon, Jr., and will, it is hoped, tend to facilitate the study of a very intricate group, little understood. No special arrange- ment has been made by the Institution in reference to a monograph of the Unionide (which would form a Part VI) since the many illustrated papers and synopses of the group, published by Mr. Isaac Lea in the Memoirs of the Academy of Natural Sciences, and of the American Philosophical Society, as well as printed privately, ren- der this less necessary. The present work by Mr. Tryon, therefore, completes the series of works on “Land and Fresh-water Shells of North America,” as originally contemplated by the Institution. JOSEPH HENRY, Secretary Smithsonian Institution. SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, Washington, December, 1873. LAND AND FRESH-WATER SHELLS OF NOrn TE AM TR PGA. LY. PRELIMINARY OBSERVATIONS ON THE Family STREPOMATID“4.* 1. Classification.—Swainson, who may be consid- ered the originator of the modern system of classifi- cation of the families and genera of Mollusca (as he was the first general conchologist who, breaking through the trammels of Lamarckian nomenclature, inaugurated the work since so boldly and successfully continued by Dr. Gray and Messrs. H & A. Adams), had, unfortunately, very little knowledge of the affin- ities with the other Mollusca, of the so-called Mela- nians inhabiting both America and the Old World, since he has confounded them with marine shells under his family Turbide; but, notwithstanding this error in the disposition of the whole group, he had the sagacity to separate into numerous, and generally well-characterized, genera, the incongru- ous material which Lamarck had allowed to remain under one generic name,—Melania. Messrs. H. & A. Adamst approach more closely to the present ideas of conchologists relating to this subject, by separating from, but placing in close neighborhood to, the Cerithiada, their family Mela- niide, of which they admit two Subeunilies, Melani- *Reprinted from the American Journal of Conchology, Vol. i, No. 2, 1865. + Genera of Recent Mollusca, i, 293. Vial ine including those shells with “aperture simple in front, without a distinct notch,” = various genera of Melanians; and a second subfamily, characterized by a notched aperture to the shell, including Mela- nopsis, Lam. Dr. Gray, the only other recent Sys- tematist who has investigated the subject,* adopts a family JJelaniade, including the subfamilies Lisso- ainda, Melaniaina, Triphorina, Scalarina, and Liti- opina, with a heterogeneous assemblage of marine and fluviatile genera; the MMZelaniaina comprising all the genera of American and exotic Melanians, the Cerithians, and the shells which I recently sepa- rated under the family name of Ammnicolida. It is strange that neither European nor American conchologists who have studied this family have availed themselves until quite recently of the obvi- -ous differences, both in shell and animal, between the American and Oriental forms, for their complete separation, notwithstanding the fact that Prof. Hal- deman showed our Melanians to have a plain or entire mantle-margin, whilst the Oriental species have the mantle-margin fringed, thus allying the latter more closely with the Cerithians than with the so-called American Melanians.t Dr. Brot, a gentleman who has devoted much attention to the Melanians, remarks$ that the gen- erally adopted classification of the family is very confused and uncertain, but does not attempt to propose a new one. Mr. Lovell Reeve, who has published an elaborate monograph of the family Sin his preface assigns to the animals of all the ; species a fringed mantle-margin. Prof. S. S. Haldeman was the first naturalist who detected the difference between our own and the *List of the Genera of Recent Mollusca. — Proceed. Zool. Soc., London, 1847. 7TL he American species are oviparous, the oriental species ovovivip- arous; a more important distinction first pointed out by Dr. Wm. Stimpson in Am. Jour. Sci., xxxviii, July, 1864. { Cat. Syst. des Espéces qui composent la Famille des Melaniens. § Conchologica Iconica,—Melania, Anculotus, Io, Melatoma. Vil Oriental Melanians;* but he did not at that time apply the results of his examinations to their obvi- ous separation into two families. Mr. Isaac Lea in 1862 proposed a new genus of Melanians, Goniobasis,t which, with other genera previously admitted, and including Melania, Lam., he still continued to regard as belonging to the fam- ily Melaniide, although i in a foot-note he writes, “I very much doubt if we have a single species in the United States which properly belongs to this genus.’ Mr. Theodore Gill, in a recent paper on the classi- fication of our fluviatile Mollusca, assigns the fol- lowing characters to the family Aelaniide :-— “Teeth of lingual membrane, 3°1:3; gills con- cealed; rostrum moderately produced and entire or simply notched ; foot not produced beyond the head ; branchiz uniserial ; lateral jaws present. “Aperture of shell acuminate behind; generally channelled at front; size moderate. “The family of "Melaniide is here restricted to exclude Faunus, Montford (= Pyrena, Lam.,) MWe- lanatria, Bowditch, Melatoma, Sw. (= Clionella ? Gray), Melanopsis, Lam., Vibex, Oken, and Hemi- simus, Sw. These appear to belong to a distinct family, equally distinguished by the projecting foot of the animal and the notch of the aperture of its ‘shell. “The family may be named JWelanopide. “The other genera or subgenera that have been proposed scarcely appear to exist innature. * * “The American A/elaniide form a peculiar sub- family—Ceriphasine.” Subsequently, in a foot-note,§ Mr. Gill mentions the reason which caused him to make the above * Amer. Jour. Science, xli, 1, 21. Icon. Encyc. (Am. Ed.), ii, Mol- lusca, p. 84. + Proceed. Acad. Nat. Sciences, May, 1862. t Systematic Arra angement of the Mollusks of the Family Vivipa- ride, and others, inhabiting the United States.—Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., p. 33, Feb., 1863. § ibid, p. 3d. Vu subfamily. “The American Melaniide, so far as I know, have not a fringed mantle, and, consequently, belong to a different group.” We readily admit the propriety of separating the Melanopide from JMe- laniide, as a distinct family, and only wonder that Mr. Gill did not make a family of Ceriphasine, as the distinctive characters of the animal, so far as known to us, and of the shell undoubtedly, are quite as important as those which he assigns to his M/ela- nopide. When we come to consider the geograph- ical distribution of the two groups, the reasons for this separation are still more obvious. We find the Melanopide distributed over both hemispheres, while the Ceriphasine are entirely restricted to North America, to the exclusion almost entirely of the Melanopide, and totally of the fringe-mantled Melanide. We find them inhabiting this faunal province in immense numbers of species, exuberantly varied in form, size, weight and color, presenting a number of genera—in fact, exhibiting all that redun- dancy of character and isolation of position which are the sure indications of a primordial separate existence.” *It has become fashionable lately to disparage the value of tlie mere Shells as a means of distinguishing generic and family groups, and to rely wholly on such differences as may be found in the animals. Without denying the great importance which should properly be accorded to the latter, we would insist that, in general, the expression of these differences may be observed in the shell, and that at least very few generic distinctions have been made from the study of the animals which have not been also indicated plainly enough by the shells. The study of Malacology is yet in its infancy, and those who figure in it are very apt to give undue importance to the characters on which they rely for building up their systems. ‘To investigate how many characters of form or function have successively been called forth as the most important to stand godfathers at the baptisms of new genera, would be curious, but lamentable. One thing is certain, that genera founded on the shells alone are always found to be corroborated by the study of the animals, while many genera founded on differences in the animal have remained unverified, and will continue so, owing to the undue importance given to the difference of form relied on for the generic distinction. We do not regard the differences, so far as discovered, in the animals of our so-called Melanians from the Oriental Melaniide, as alone of sufficient importance to justify their separation; we are con- tented to separate them upon considerations connected with the shell ix The publication of Mr. Gill’s paper redirected Prof. Haldeman’s attention to the subject, which he had left unfinished in his investigations at an earlier period; and the result is the publication of a short but important paper in the Proceedings of the Acad- emy of Natural Sciences, September, 1863, entitled, “On Strepomatidee as a Name for a Family of Fluvi- atile Mollusca usually confounded with Melania,” wherein he finally separates our species as a dis- tinct family, remarking that the Oriental Melanians are not so nearly allied to ours as they are to the Cerithiade — with which conclusion we cordially agree, We have, therefore, adopted the name Strepoma- tide as indicating a distinct family, in preference to the prior name of Ceriphasine, the adoption of which would still leave our species in connection, as a sub- family, with shells to which they are not at all closely related. In endeavoring to eliminate, from the rather con- fused synonymy, generic and subgeneric groups of Strepomatide, some difficulty is encountered at the threshold, on account of the various opinions held by the different naturalists who have studied them, regarding the relative importance which should be assigned to various characters of the shell, in consti- tuting these divisions. The genus Hemisinus, Swainson (Basistoma, Lea), belongs to Mr. Gill’s family Melanopide. The little Paludomus brevis, D’Orb., of the West Indies, is apparently the American representative of an exotic genus; the large tuberculate Melanians of Central America, and the smooth Pachycheili of that country and of Mexico, probably do not belong to our family Strepomatide. Thus the range of the species of the family may also, and with geographical distribution, believing, however, that other and more important distinctive characters will reward the industry and skill of some future malacologist. x be considered as restricted within the borders of the United States.* Swainson formed the following curious generic system for the shells under consideration :} Family TURBIDZ. (Subfamilies Ampullarine, Melaniane, Turbine, Janthine.) Subfamily MELANIANZ. Genus PaLtupomus, Swainson. Subgenus Ancutosa, Say. Genus Meant, Lam. Subgenus Hemisrnus, Swainson. Genus Meranopsis, Lam. Subgenus Me1arusus, Swainson. Subfusiform, the base contracted, and the aperture and spire nearly equal. 1species. America. (= Io.) Fig. 1. Subgenus Mertatoma, Swainson. Fusiform, longitudinally ribbed ; a deep sinus at the top of the outer lip; base contracted, channel wide. M. costata. (This species, mistaken by some for our genus Schizostoma, is actually an exotic marine shell = genus Clionella. A copy of Swainson’s figure is subjoined (fig. 1). Genus CERITHIDEA, Swainson. Clayate, cerithiform ; aperture subemarginate. ’ oS Subgenus CeriTHIpEA, Swainson. Shell light, decollated ; outer lip semicircular, dilated by a flattened border; aperture emarginate. C. lineolata, Griff. Cuov.,t.. 14,.f.4.. C. fragilis/1bid., t. 32; 1.24) |G Pome MIDES. ) * Three or four are extra-limital, inhabiting Cuba and Mexico; but these do not constitute one per cent. of the whole number of species. + Manual of Malacology, 1840. Xl ~ Subgenus CerrpHasia, Swainson. Cerithiform ; outer lip thin, dilated at the base ; aperture small, slightly emarginate, without any internal groove; inner lip thin. C.sulcata, Sw., fig. 38 (figs. , 2 and 3 of this work). Founded Mig 24: en Bs on certain Ohio shells resembling Cerithidea? It will be noticed that in the above classification JZela- Jusus is a subgenus of Jelan- opsis, which belongs to the family Melanopide, while Ce- riphasia is a subgenus of Cerithidea, which includes shells belonging to the family Cerithiide! Dr. Gray (Proceed. Zool. Soc., London, 1847, p. 153) makes the following division of his subfamily Melaniaina, which in many respects is very correct. He separates the exotic genera from the American, and of the latter quotes the following : AncuLotvs, Say, 1825. Anculosa, Swains., 1840 — A. premorsa, Say. Melanopsis, sp., Moricand — M. crenocarina.* Anculosa, sp., Anthony — Ane. rubiginosa. Melania, sp., Say — Melan. obovata. Meratoma, Anthony, 184—? not Swains., 1840. Melat. altilis, Anthony. Io, Lea, 1832. Fusus, sp., Say, 1825. Melafusus, Swains., 1840. Melania, sp., Say—WMel. armigera, Say. ; Fusus fluviatilis, Say. CERIPHASIA, Swains., 1840. Gray, Syn., 1844. Melania, sp., Say—Ceriphasia sulcata, Swains. ? Telescopella. Melania, sp., Say—Mel. undulata, Say. GLOTELLA, Gray. Melania armigera, Say. *— Verena, H. & A. Adams; certainly not an Anculosa.—T. X11 Messrs. H. & A. Adams (Genera of Recent Mol- lusca) propose the following classification : *— ‘‘ CeRIPHASIA, Swainson (i, p. 297.) Shell subfusiform, whorls transversely sulcate, the last angu- lated; spire acuminated; aperture small, produced in front, with a small groove-like canal at the fore part; outer lip thin, posteriorly sinuated. Syn. Telescopella, Gray. Ex. C. canaliculata, Say, t. 31, f. 6. The shell of Ceriphasia is covered with a dark-green epider- mis, and is more like that of Jo than any other of this family ; it may, however, be distinguished from Jo by the beak being shorter, and by the whorls being sulcated and not spiny.” acuta, Lea. luteosa, Gould. Alexandrensis, Lea. Ordiana, Lea. annulifera, Conr. regularis, Lea. canaliculata, Say. spurca, Lea. elongata, Lea. subularis, Lea. exarata, Lea. sulcosa, Lea. Haleiana, Lea. symmetrica, Hald. Kirtlandiana, Lea. Vainafa, Gould. lugubris, Lea. Virginica, Gmel.t ‘‘ Genus PacuycHEILvs, Lea (i, 298.) Opereulum suborbicular, of several whorls. Shell subfusi- formly conical, smooth, solid ; aperture ovate, entire anteriorly ; columellar lip thickened posteriorly ; outer lip thick. The chief peculiarity of this genus is the thickened outer lip ; it differs from Melanopsis in having no sinus at the fore part of the aperture, and from Melania in having a callous columella. * We quote the full lists of species given by Messrs. Adams, in order that the insufficiency of their genera may become more apparent from the incongruous assemblage of shells of which they have composed them. Prof. Haldeman writes (Proceed. Acad. Nat. Sciences, p. 274, Sept. 1863): ‘‘The groups of Messrs. H. & A. Adams often indicate merely sections; and sectional names given as generic are scientifi- cally erroneous, because they erect certain species into genera and subgenera only when they belong to extensive groups, requiring numerous specific names, whilst the same amount of character goes for nothing in groups which have but few species.” + The species here assembled are principally Gonitobases, but are included in Ceriphasia evidently because they are ‘‘ transversely sul- cate.” DM. Virginica and its synonyme muiltilineata are again introduced in Juga, a subgenus of Vibex, Oken! M. canaliculata, Say, is introduced, but undulata, Say, does not appear, while jilum, Lea, a very closely allied species, is placed in Elimia, a subgenus of Jo. X11 The operculum has the nucleus subcentral, and is composed of two or three spiral revolutions. dubiosus, Say. ferrugineus, Lea. simplex, Say.* ** Subgenus Porapoma, Swainson (i, 299.) Shell ovate, solid; spire short, whorls smooth; inner lip somewhat thickened; aperture produced in front; outer lip acute, simple. depygis, Say. ovoideus, Lea. gracilis, Lea. rufescens, Lea. inornatus, Anth. sordidus, Lea. levigatus, Lea. subcylindraceus, Lea. Niagarensis, Lea. subsolidus, Lea. Ocoeensis, Lea. Warderianus, Lea. ** Genus Io, Lea (i, p. 299.) Shell subfusiform, whorls spinose; aperture large, ovate, dilated anteriorly, produced in front into a grooved beak ; outer lip simple, acute. Syn. Melafusus, Swains., Glotella, Gray. Ex. I. fluviatilis, Say, t. 31, f. 8. Operculum, f. 8, a, b. The species of Jo inhabit the rivers of North America; the shells, like those of most of the Melaniide, are covered with a brown, black or olivaceous epidermis, and are remarkable for the peculiar elongation of the axis anteriorly, and for the spi- nose nature of the last whorl. armigera, Lea. pernodosa, Lea. Duttoniana, Lea. plicata, Lea. Florentiana, Lea. robulina, Anthony. Jluviatilis, Say. spinigera, Lea. Susiformis, Say. spinosa, Lea. nobilis, Lea. tenebrosa, Lea. pagodula, Gld. tuberculata, Lea. f ‘‘ Subgen. Ermira, H. & A. Adams (i, p. 300.) Shell fusiformly ovate; whorls reticulate or nodulose, cari- nate in the middle; aperture greatly produced anteriorly ; outer lip thin, simple, acute. *The genus Pachycheilus was instituted by Mr. Lea to comprise a certain form of shells attaining their greatest numerical development in Central America. There are no shells inhabiting the United States which are congeneric with these; and Messrs. Adams have entirely mistaken the scope of the genus in including such species as simplex. — simplex, Say, which Messrs. Adams place in the genus Pachy- cheilus as typical! tAmong the species here enumerated are Angitreme, Anculose, Lithasiev, Strephobases, Goniobases, and Pleurocere. J. pagodula is an exotic species, and does not belong to the genus. X1V acuticarinata, Lea. catenoides, Lea. apis, Lea. elevata, Lea. bella, Conrad. jilum, Lea. Boykiniana, Lea. Holstonia, Lea. caliginosa, Lea. nodulosa, Lea. cancellata, Say. Potosiensis, Lea. carinocostata, Lea. spinalis, Lea. catenaria, Say. torta, Lea. ‘¢ MeLanta, Lamarck. Subgen. Merasma, H. & A. Apams (i, p. 300.*) Shell solid; spire elevated, whorls smooth, longitudinally plicate ; aperture produced anteriorly ; inner lip simple, thin ; outer lip acute, simple. blanda, Lea. Deshayesiana, Lea. brevispira, Anthony. Edgariana, Lea. claveformis, Lea. laqueata, Say. Comma, Conr. Lecontiana, Lea. concinna, Lea. nitens, Lea. costulata, Lea. plicatula, Lea. crebricostata, Lea. plicifera, Lea. Curreyana, Lea. ‘‘Genus Hemisinus, Swainson (i, 302. Shell subulate; whorls smooth, simple, numerous; aperture ovate, anteriorly contracted, canaliculate and emarginate in front; outer lip thin, crenulated at the edge. Syn. Tania, Gray, Basistoma, Lea. Ex. H. lineolatus, Wood, t. 32, f. 2, a, D. This genus comprises many fine species of fresh-water shells, principally from South America, though a few have been re- garded as inhabitants of other countries. bulbasus, Gould. symmetricus, Conr. lineolatus, Wood.t ‘*Genus Visex, Oken (i, 303.) Shell turreted ; whorls tuberculated, spirally ridged or muri- cate; aperture subcircular, produced, and broadly channelled in front; outer lip thin, simple. Syn. Claviger, Hald., Melania, Swains., not Lamarck. ‘““ Subgenus Juaa, H. & A. Adams (i, 304.) Shell thin; whorls rounded, transversely lirate or furnished with elevated transverse lines; aperture produced anteriorly ; outer lip simple, acute. *This genus the plicate species of Goniobasis. M. brevispira, however, is never plicate, although included with the species. + The first two enumerated do not belong to this genus, nor have they the slightest aflinity with any of its species.—G. W. T., JR. XV Buddii, Say.* proxwima, Say. circincta, Lea. Schiedeana, Phil. exilis, Hald. silicula, Gld. multilineata, Say. striata, Lea. obruta, Lea. Troostiana, Lea. occata, Hinds. Virginica, Say. proteus, Lea. ** Genus Grrotoma, Shuttleworth (i, 305.) Shell ovate, turreted ; whorls transversely sulcate ; aperture oblong; inner lip thickened, with a posterior callosity ; outer lip thin, with a deep, narrow, posterior fissure. Syn. Schizostoma, Lea, not Bronn, Melatoma, Anthony, not Swainson, Schizocheilus, Lea. Ex. G. ovoidea, Shuttleworth, t. 32, f. 4, a, bd. The fissure in the outer lip is wanting or obsolete in the sub- genus Megara, the species of which in other respects closely resemble those of Gyrotoma proper. Both groups are American in their geographical distribution. altilis, Anthony. excisa, Lea. Babylonica, Lea. Foremani, Lea. Buddii, Lea. Suniculata, Lea. conica, Say. incisa, Lea. constricta, Lea. laciniata, Lea. curta, Migh.? ovoidea, Shuttl. curvata, Say. pagoda, Lea. cylindracea, Migh.? pyramidata, Shuttl.+ ** Subgenus Mrecara, H. & A. Adams (i, p. 306.) Shell ovate, solid; whorls transversely sulcate; aperture ovate-oblong, subcanaliculated anteriorly ; outer lip thin, sim- ple, acute. alveare, Conr. fToeydei, Lea. arctata, Lea. impressa, Lea. auriculeformis, Lea. lateralis, Lea. basalis, Lea. lima, Conr. brevis, Lea. oliva, Lea. crebristriata, Lea. olivula, Conr. harpa, Lea. ovalis, Lea. Haysiana, Lea. pumila, Lea. *Should read Buddii, Lea. MM. exilis, Hald., and proxima, Say, certainly do not belong here. I have already remarked upon MW. Vir- ginica and multilineata. +Mr. Anthony never described Gyrotoma altilis, ranked among these species. (G. conica, Say, is the young of Plewrocera canaliculata. There are, besides, frequent mistakes in all these lists, in misquoting authorities, — T. XV1 solida, Lea. . undulata, Say. torquata, Lea. Vanuxemiana, Lea.* ‘* Genus Leproxis, Rafinesque (i, 507.) Shell ovate or globose, solid, subperforate ; spire very short ? aperture oval; inner lip with a posterior callosity, often ante- riorly callous and produced; outer lip thin, sinuous with a posterior, ascending canal. Syn. Anculotus, Say, Anculosa, Swains., Ancylotus, Herm. Ex. L. prerosa, Say, t. 32, fig. 6, a, b. The species of this genus are peculiar to the North American rivers; the spire of the shell has a truncated, eroded apex, and, in the typical species, the shell is solid and subglobose, with the aperture simple in front, abrupta, Lea. pilula, Lea. angulata, Conr. pisum, Hald. crassa, Hald. plicata, Conr. Jlammata, Lea. prerosa, Say. Suliginosa, Lea. pumilis, Conv. Jusca, Hald. rubiginosa, Lea. Susiformis, Lea. squalida, Lea. — gibbosa, Lea. subglobosa, Say. globula, Lea. teeniata, Say. Griffithsiana, Lea. tintinnabulum, Lea. Hildrethiana, Lea. trivittatus, DeKay. integra, Say. Troostiana, Lea. melanoides, Conr. turgida, Hald. Nickliniana, Lea. variabilis, Lea. nigrescens, Cony. virgata, Lea. obtusa, Lea. viridis, Lea.t picta, Conr. ‘** Subgenus Nitocris, H. & A. Adams (i, 308.) Shell thin, subglobose; whorls angulated, often carinate ; inner lip subtruncate, or ending in a tubercle. carinata, Lea. dilatata, Conr. costata, Lea. dissimilis, Say. dentata, Couth. ebena, Lea. *Here we find shells belonging to several groups, as pumila, Lea, alveare, Conr., and torquata, Lea, to Strephobasis; lima, Conr., and solida, Lea, to Lithasia; undulata, Say, to Plewrocera. Hoeydei, Lea, was never described. Can it be intended for Hydei, Conr.? The spe- cies are generally, however, the ponderous Goniobases of Northern Alabama. +In the species of this genus there are several errors, some quite elongated forms being included; also, a species of Lithasia. Xvi inflata Lea. occidentalis, Lea.* Kirtlandiana, Anth. Rogersii, Conr. monodontoides, Gld. subcarinata, Hald. ** Subgenus Lirmasta, Lea (i, 308). Shell thick, solid, ovate; whorls gibbose or tuberculated at the hind part ; aperture subcanaliculated and produced in front ; inner lip with a callus posteriorly, subtruncate anteriorly. genicula, Hald. salebrosa, Conr. neritiformis, Desh.f semigranulosa, Desh.” obovata, Say. Chenu (Manuel de Conchyliologie) principally fol- lows the arrangement of Messrs. Adams. Lovell Reeve monographs separately Jo, Hemis- inus, Anculotus and Melatoma, and treats all the species not included in those genera as Melanie. He says, “Advantage might have been taken of the labors of systematists to- have distributed them into further genera; but more materials are needed for their elucidation than we at present possess,t R. J. Shuttleworth (Mittheil. der Nat.-forsch. Ge- sellsch. in Bern., No. 50, p. 88) proposed, July 22, 1845, a new American genus of fluviatile shells, which he characterized as follows :— *— jin some respects Mudalia, Hald., and Somatogyrus, Gill. + Neritiformis, Desh., is an Anculosa, and is a syn. of A. prerosa, Say. tIt is very much to be regretted that Mr. Reeve did not make some kind of a division, however arbitrary, of the immense material entering into his magnificent monograph of Melania, as he has pub- lished it. Species from all countries, without regard to external resemblances, are, in many cases, grouped on its plates indiscrim- inately, rendering the identification of shells by its aid exceedingly difficult. Even several of the species are duplicated in description and illustration in the monographs of Melania, Jo and Anculotus. While on the subject of Mr. Reeve’s monograph we cannot refrain from condemning the substitution of new descriptions of the species for those originally given. The descriptions of Mr. Reeve in numer- ous cases entirely neglect the most important specific characters. The plates frequently do not represent the species for which they are intended; but in this Mr. Reeve has been undoubtedly deceived by wrongly-named specimens. It is a strange fact that, notwithstanding the length of time which bas elapsed since very many of our Melanians and Unios have been described, and the large number which have been sent to Europe in scientific exchanges, European conchologists are still to a great extent ignorant of the most prominent and important specific characters, L.F. W.S.IV. XVill “ Gyrotoma.— Shell turreted; columella incurved, above callously thickened ; aperture oval, subeffuse at the base; lip simple, acute, narrowly profoundly fissured above. ** Animal.—Operculum corneous, spiral.” This forms one of the most distinct of the genera of Strepomatide. Mr. Lea, however, anticipated Mr. Shuttleworth’s discovery. Dr. Brot, in his admirable “ Systematic Catalogue of the Melanians,” proposes, instead of the genera 1 of H. & A. Adams, a series of sections, which are gen- erally excellent, for the arrangement of the species. The following is his plan :— 1. Operculum concentric. Genus Patupomus, Swainson. 2. Operculum spiral or subspiral. * Aperture entire. Genus Leptoxis, Raf. (Anculotus, Say ; Anculosa, Conr.) Genus Mevanta, Lam. Group a, type canaliculata, Say. b, ‘* curvilabris, Anth. eer gh teh Honsvana. sued. (7. ah Be Virginica, Say. : costulata, Lea. “ dy, (ce, “ perangulata, Conr. d, ‘* simplex, Say. e, ‘* Warderiana, Lea. Sr nes “* mupera, Say. bei ae (European. ) Ona glaphyra, Morelet. c, ‘¢ nigritina, Morelet. (All the other groups of this section, thirteen in number, are exotic.) ** Aperture produced in front. Genus Io, Lea. *** Anerture truncate in front. (Mevanopsis, HemisInvs.) **** Anerture posteriorly sinuate. Genus Gyrotoma, Shuttlw. ***** Anerture sinuate in front and posteriorly. (Pirena, Lam.) a, ‘* levissima, Sowb. J) Xs Passing to American authors, we find Mr. Say was the first to eliminate a native genus from the genus Melania. Inhis description of Melania prerosa, he says, “ This shell does not seem to correspond with the genus to which I have for the present referred it; and, owing to the configuration of the base of the columella, if it is not a Melanopsis, it is probable its station will be between the genera JMelania and Agathina. I propose for it the generic name of Anculosa. He also remarks, in his subsequent description of M. subglobosa, “It is a second species of my pro- posed genus Anculotus.” Mr. Say never described his genus; but the above citation and description of two species, both of which are well known, and whose identity with his descrip- tions has never been questioned, entitle his generic name to be received as authority. Rafinesque published the following genera, which have been referred to Strepomatide :— ** Pleurocera, Raf. (Jour. de Phys. Bruxelles, vol. lxxxviii, p. 423, 1819). Shell spiral, oval, or pyramidal, of numerous convex volutions. Aperture obliquely oblong, the base pro- longed and twisted, sharp above. Outer lip thin, the inner lip appressed, twisted, without umbilicus. Animal with a mem- branaceous operculum. ‘** Head proboscidiform, inserted on the back; tentacles two, lateral, subulate, sharp, with eyes at their exterior bases. ‘*Family of Neritacea. Species numerous, of which I have already twelve, all fluviatile, from rivers and creeks, as well as the following genera.’’* * Rafinesque previously described Pleurocera in a short paper pub- lished in the American Monthly Magazine and Critical Review, iii, p. 354, 1818 (Binney & Tryon’s edit. of Rafinesque, p. 22), as follows :— ‘Shell variable oboval or conical, mouth diagonal crooked, rhom- boidal, obtuse and nearly reflexed at the base, acute above the con- nection, lip and columella flexuose entire. Animal with an operculum membranaceous, head separated from the mantle inserted above it, elongated, one tentaculum on each side at its base, subulate acute, eyes lateral exterior at the base of the tentacula.” This description was doubtless intended for all the elongate species of Melanians from the Ohio River then known to him, but he after- wards amended it as above. In his ‘‘ Enumeration and Account” (Binney & Tryon, p. 67), Rafi- nesque describes several species of Plewrocera, and remarks, ‘* My G. xX By some strange mistake, this genus is referred by Messrs. H. & A. Adams to Vivipara. Rafinesque published several species; one of which, P. verrucosa, is identical with Lithasia nu- pera, Say, and therefore belongs to an entirely different group. Others, however, are evidently closely related to JZ canaliculata, Say, and M. ele- vata, Say. The genus is certainly well characterized, and clearly includes those shells which Mr. Swainson has subsequently distinguished as Ceriphasia, and Mr. Lea as Trypanostoma. In the same Journal (p. 26), Rafinesque described a genus “ Leptoxis”’ as follows: “ Leptoxis. Differs from Lymnula by an oval shell, inflated, the spire of two or three whorls; aperture oval, almost as large as the whole shell. Eyes exterior. About four species, fluviatile, lacustrine and palustrine.” There can be no doubt that this description was intended for Anculosa, Say, as is proved by a manu- script work by Rafinesque (“‘ Conchologia Ohioensis”’ ) in the possession of the Smithsonian Institution, in which there is a rude pen-and-ink drawing of the animal and shell of a Leptoxis. The name has been adopted by Prof. Haldeman and others. But as the published description refers equally well to species of Amnicolide or Viviparide, and as manuscript authority is not recognized in questions of priority, we are compelled to throw aside this name and adopt that given by Say. | In the manuscript quoted above, occurs the de- scription of a new genus called Strepoma, together with the figure of a species; which appears to represent a section of Pleurocera. It is unnecessary to quote the description, as it was never published: Pleurocera, 1819, is perhaps aS. G. of Melania, but the animal is dif- ferent, with lateral feelers; the shell is always conical oblong, with the opening oblong oblique acute at both ends, columella flexuose twisted;” and, further, ‘‘I leave the name of Melania to the shells sa the opening obtuse at the end; or they may form the S. G. Am- loxis.” XXI it is only mentioned here because Prof. Haldeman adopts it as a generic name in a late paper on the classification of these shells.* For the same reason we do not adopt the genus Ambloxis described in the American Monthly Mag- azine, p. 355, 1818 :— ‘‘Univalve.—Shell thick oboval, mouth oval, rounded at the base, obtuse above, with a thick appendage of the lip, colu- mella flexuose, a small rugose umbilic.” This, the only description, would apply equally well to a Paludina, Anculosa or a Goniobasis of Lea, and in 1831 (Enum. and Account), although he renders it plain that he intended the latter, still he does not adopt the name for his species there de- scribed, and seems disposed to doubt the value of his former division. The three following genera were published in Journal de Physique, Bruxelles, tome 88, p. 423 et seq. :— . * Ellipstoma, Raf.—Shell thick, oval, obtuse. Mouth ob- lique, narrow, elliptic, lips thickened, united and obtusely decurrent posteriorly. A narrow, oblong umbilicus, half cov- ered by the interior lip. Animal unknown. Fluviatile genus of 4 species, LH. gibbosa, E. vittata, E. zonalis and E. mar- ginula. ‘¢ From the Ohio, Mississippi, etc.” ** Oxytrema, Raf.— Differs from Plewrocera by an oval ob- long or ventricose shell, less number of whorls, the last form- ing nearly the whole; mouth sharp on both sides, and anteri- orly prolonged into a long, sharp point. 3 fluviatile species.” ** Campeloma, Raf.—Shell oval; mouth oval, base trun- cated, lip reflected, united in a posterior point. No umbilicus. Animal unknown. I have only one species, found in the Ohio, —C. crassula. Four whorls of the spire reversed, apex acute, shell thick, mouth more than half the total length.” Messrs. H & A. Adams, with very doubtful pro- priety, refer this genus to Melanopsis. Prof. 8.8. Haldeman, in an article on Mollusca, contributed by him to the American edition of Heck’s Iconographic Encyclopeedia, 1, p. 84, remarks that :— * Proceed. Acad. Nat. Sciences, p. 274, September, 1863. xxii “Say’s Melania armigera (and also Lea’s M. Duttoniana and M. catenoides) belongs to Rafinesque’s genus Plewrocera, in which there is a short, straight canal anteriorly, and when this canal is lengthened, as in Fusus, the genus Jo, of Lea, is the result. ‘“Strepoma of Rafinesque (or Ceriphasia of Swainson) are slightly different forms, in which the aperture and the vertical plate formed by the anterior portion of the whorls, bear some resemblance to the same parts in Cerithium telescopium.” In October, 1840, Prof. Haldeman published a supplement to his “ Monograph of the Limniades,” containing, among other matter, the following pro- posed “ Subgenera of ANCULOSA. * Anculosa, Say.— Substance of the shell thick and heavy, labium much thickened. ** Lithasia, Hald.—Shell heavy, having protuberances ; aper- ture with a notch in the nacre above and below. “ Paludomus, Swains.—Shell smooth, margin of the outer lip crenated, labium very thick and enamelled. * Hemimitra, Swains.—Like Paludomus, but with coronated whorls. *¢ Mudalia, Hald.— Shell smooth, thin in texture, labium without enamel.” In his description of a species of Anculosa pub- lished upon the same occasion, Prof. Haldeman refers to “Paludina (Mudalia) dissimilis, Say,” so that there can be no doubt as to the section of Anculosa indicated by the subgenus Mudalia. On the cover of No. 2 of the monograph (January, 1841) is the description of “ subgenus Angitrema. Shell spinous, aperture subrhomboidal, with an anterior sinus. Ex. Melania armigera, Say.” I adopt Angitrema as a genus, with Lithasia as a subgenus of it. MJudalia cannot stand in the sys- tem, because its characters are not constant, Ane. dissimilis having frequently a heavy deposit of nacre on the columella. Mr. Lea has described several new genera of shells eliminated from the American Melanie. He arly recognized in Mr. Say’s genus Anculosaa good XX1 natural genus, and adopted it in his descriptions. In Philos. Trans., vim, p. 163, he proposed to sepa- rate the species of MJelania according to certain obvious, external (by no means generic) characters, for facility in their determination. He described a large number of species under the following divis- ions :— “$1. Smooth. 4. Suleate. 7. Granulate. 2. Plicate. 5. Striate. 8. Cancellate. 3. Carinate. 6. Tuberculate. 9. Spinose.” Perhaps this division of the species suggested to Messrs. Adams the genera which they have adopted in their classification. In Philos. Trans., tv, p. 122, Mr. Lea proposed to institute a new genus, Jo, for the Fusus fluvialis of Say. His description is, “Ilo.—Shell fusiform ; base canaliculate ; spire elevated; columella smooth and concave.” In his description of Melania excisa, and Anculoga tncisa, published in Philos. Proc., 11, p. 242, Dec., 1842, Mr. Lea suggested the name Schizostoma for those species having a pleurotomose sutural slit in the outer lip. The genus thus proposed, and which bears the same relation to Goniobasis as Schazicheila does to Helicina, was sometime afterwards charac- terized by Mr. Shuttleworth, from independent ob- servation, under the name of G'yrotoma. In Philos. Proc., Aug., 1845, and in the Transac- tions, x, p. 67, 1853, Mr. Lea published the following description of his genus :— ** Scnizostoma, Lea. Shell conical or fusiform. Lip fis- sured above. Aperture ovate, columella smooth, incurved. Operculum.— ‘*No operculum has come under my notice; but I can scarcely doubt that it will be found to be horny, and to resem- ble, in other respects, that of Melania.” Subsequently (vol. x, p. 295), Mr. Lea says, “When I proposed the name of Schizostoma for a genus of Melanvana with a cut at the superior por- XXIV tion of the aperture, I was not aware that M. Bronn had already used that name for a fossil genus. I Y now propose to substitute Schizochilus.” In the Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, 1860, p. 53, Mr. John G. Anthony makes some lengthy remarks on this genus, as follows :— . ““Gyrotoma. As some confusion exists regarding the name of this genus, the following notes are given: “The genus Melatoma was established by Swainson, and first given to the world in 1840, in his ‘Treatise on Shells and Shell Fishes,’ published in London, founded, as he says (p. 202), ‘upon a remarkable Ohio shell sent him many years before by his old friend, Prof. Rafinesque.’ ‘It has,’ he remarks, ‘the general form of a Pleurotoma and of a Melafu- sus, with a well-defined sinus or cleft near the top of the outer lip, while the inner, though thin, is somewhat thickened above.’ The other characters named by him are such as are generally considered rather specific than generic, and the pleurotomose cut in the outer lip, as applied to a fluviatile univalve, is alto- gether insuflicient to indicate a new genus. ‘The specimen atluded to by Swainson, and from which his generic description was drawn, was an imperfect one; and the species has not since been identified by American naturalists. This is less to be wondered at when we consider how very local the genus has always been, and how few specimens have found their way into our collections. The waters of Alabama have, as yet, monopolized this interesting genus; and it is probable that even there it is confined almost if, not quite, exclusively to the Coosa and its tributaries. **On p. 342 Swainson gives the following generic descrip- tion, adding a figure :— ‘* ¢ Fusiform, longitudinally ribbed ; a deep sinus at the top of the outer lip; base contracted ; channel wide.’ ‘* Mr. Swainson’s figure is quite unsatisfactory. His genus Melatoma is referred doubtfully to Clionella by H. & A. Adams, and has not prevailed for this genus in America or Europe. I have, therefore, decided not to make use of it in this case. ‘** Subsequently this genus has been noticed by various authors, and other names have been applied to it. In 1841 or 1542, Dr. J. W. Mighels sent me specimens of one species, under the name of Apella scissura; but his generic name was never published, and his species, if not identical with any which Mr. Lea afterwards described, seems to have been over- looked and forgotten. XXV “On the 14th of December, 1842, Mr. Lea read a paper before the American Philosophical Society, in which he de- scribes Melania excisa and Anculosa incisa. In his remarks upon these species he alludes to the pleurotomose cut in the superior part of the upper lip, and at the time suggests the necessity, in consequence of this character, to construct a new genus, which he proposed to call ‘ Schizostoma.’ Mr. Lea, finding his name ‘ Schizostoma,’ preoccupied in paleontology, changed it to ‘Schizochilus’ (March 5, 1851, Obs., v, p. 51). In a paper read May 2, 1845, Mr. Lea, in a foot-note to p. 93, first indicates the generic characters of Schizostoma, as follows ; ‘Testa vel conica vel fusiformis; labrum superne fissura ; aperture ovata; columella levis, incurva,—and describes six additional species. ‘In the above concise definition of the genus, it will at once be noted that the fissure at the upper part of the outer lip is, after all, the essential character; and Mr. Lea himself seems to be aware of this, since, of the six species then de- scribed, he states the aperture to be elliptical in five cases and rhomboidal in the other, although his generic character is ‘aperture ovate.’ Indeed, in the species described by him, but a single one has the aperture ovate, and that one is described as an Anculosa. ‘‘It may be doubted whether Mr. Lea’s first name will not eventually prevail, since, before he published Schizostoma, Bronn’s genus of the same name (Lethea Geogn., 1, 95, 1835— 37) had ‘been called a synonyme of Bifrontia (Omalaxis) of Deshayes. (Vide Desh. in Lam., 1x, p. 104.) Indeed, H. & A. Adams (Gen. Rec. Moll., 1, 305) do not appear correct in giving preference to Gyrotoma over Schizostoma, Lea, on ac- count of Schizostoma, Bronn, since (on p. 244) the latter is placed in the synonymy of Omalazis. ‘‘ Another generic name Schizostoma is quoted in Hermann- son’s Index. I have not obtained access to the work contain- ing this description ; but its date is said to be anterior to Mr. Lea’s description. ‘¢Mr. Lea’s second name, Schizochilus, had been previously used in Coleoptera, but withdrawn after Mr. Lea’s description was published. ‘‘Mr. Shuttleworth, in July, 1845 (Mittheilungen der Na- turforschenden Gesellschaft in Bern, p. 88), gives another description of the genus under the name of Gyrotoma, founded on two species from the Coosa River, descriptions of which are also given. ‘* The generic name of Mr. Shuttleworth has been adopted in H.& A.Adams’ Genera of Recent Mollusca (1,p.305, Feb., 1854). “Dr. Gray also (Guide to Mollusca, 1, p. 103, 1857) adopts Shuttleworth’s name. XXV1 Such being the confused state of the synonymy of the genus, we have decided to adopt, at least temporarily, the earliest name concerning which no doubt exists.” To the above, Mr. Lea made the following reply, upon occasion of describing some new species be- longing to the genus, in Proc. Acad. Nat. Sciences, Philada., May, 1860 : — ‘*Genus SCHIZOSTOMA. “Tt will be observed that I have here adopted my first name (Schizostoma) for the division of those Melanide which have a cut or fissure in the upper portion of the last whorl. This name I proposed in December, 1842. Subsequently, finding that it was used by Bronn in 18385, I abandoned it, and pro- posed the name of Schizochilus as a substitute (Obs. on the Genus Unio, v, 5, p. 51, 1852, and Trans. Am. Phil. Soc., 1852). I am now satisfied that Bronn’s name was applied to the same genus — Huomphalus— which Sowerby established in 1814 (Min. Conch., tab. 45). This evidently liberates my original name, and IJermannsen, in the appendix to his *¢Generum Malacozorum,” very properly restores it. It was supposed that this was the Melatoma of Swainson, and Mr. Anthony adopted this name. Butit is evident that Mr. Swainson’s Melatoma is not my Schizostoma. By reference to his figure (Malacology, p. 342, f. 104) it will be observed at once that there has never been observed in the United States any of the group of which that figure is the type, while it is known that they exist in the islands of the Indian Ocean. Mr. Swainson says (p. 202), that his Melatoma was ‘ founded upon a remarkable Ohio shell’ sent by Rafinesque. Now, as no member of the family Melanide with a cut in the lip has ever been found in the Ohio, where such hosts of active collectors have since pursued their investigations, it is perhaps beyond the bounds of possibility that the specimen sent by Rafi- nesque, so eminently careless and reckless as he always was, should ever have been found there. Indeed, if the specimen figured was sent by Mr. Rafinesque to Mr. Swainson, then the question would arise whether it had not been obtained by Mr. R. from some dealer or collector, who may have obtained it from Asia. I have no doubt of the Melatoma costata, which Mr. Swainson has figured, being exotic, and belonging to a group probably from the Philippine Islands. Mr. Anthony says, page 64, Proc. A. N. S., 1860, that ‘it may be doubted whether Mr. Lea’s first name will not eventually prevail, since, before he published Schizostoma, Bronn’s genus of the same name had been called a synonyme of Bifrontia, Desh. And that ‘H. & A. Adams (Gen. Rec. Moll., 1, 105) do not appear XXVIL correct in giving preference to Gyrotoma over Schizostoma, Lea, &c. Notwithstanding this, Mr. Anthony in this paper, where he describes nine supposed new species of this genus, adopts the generic name of Gyrotoma. It may be added here, that Dr. Gray, in his Genera of Recent Mollusca, gives Mela- toma to Mr. Anthony, not to Swainson, while he does not notice the name of Schizostoma. Mr. A. does not pretend to claim it, of course, but adopts Gyrotoma, Mr. Shuttleworth’s name, proposed in 1845, which, being three years later, cannot have precedence. ‘‘ The genus Schizostoma seems to be capable of being divi- ded into two natural groups in the form of the jissura, the cut in the lip. In one groupethis fissura is deep and direct, that is, parallel with the suture or upper edge of the whorl; in the other it is not deep and is oblique to the suture.” In the same Journal (April, 1862), was published a new genus, with the followimg name, description and remarks : — ‘¢ Genus Tryrpanostoma, Lea. ‘« Shell conical; aperture rhomboidal, subcanaliculate below. Lip expanded. Columella smooth, twisted below. Operculum corneous, commencing spiral. ‘¢ The enormous number of species in the genus Melania has made it very desirable to eliminate as many as possible, by founding new genera, where well characterized groups can be established. With this view I proposed, in the Proceedings of the Academy, in April last, the genus Strephobasis. The genus now proposed under the name of Trypanostoma, will include all the well known Melania with an auger-shaped aper- ture, the type of which may be considered to be Mr. Say’s Melania canaliculata, a very common and well known species from the basin of the Ohio River. It will include a number of large species; indeed, nearly all of the large and ponderous species of the United States. Many new ones will be found in this paper. Objections may be raised against now increas- ing the number of genera without the aid of the examination of the soft parts. But there is no validity in this objection, from the fact that, in the present condition of the science of Malacology, we are becoming acquainted with a vast number of new and interesting forms, without the hope at present of seeing the organic portion of the animals. ‘These may at some future time, and no doubt will, be examined and carefully de- scribed by zoologists who may dwell near the waters where these numerous and highly-developed species reside. Until this takes place, we can only group them upon the characters which are presented by their outward hard portions which are accessible to us now. XXVIll ** Tn proposing this new genus, I am aware that European Zoologists have made many genera and subgenera in this Fam- ily, but none have made groups of our numerous species by which they can be properly divided. They have mixed them up, with all the time and care they have bestowed upon them, in a manner so as to make great confusion. ‘* Mr. Swainson, in his ‘ Treatise on Malacology,’ proposed a subgenus of Melania under the name of Ceriphasia, and gives a figure, page 204 (C. sulcata), stating that it came from Ohio. It is evident, on looking at this figure, that it does not represent any Ohio species, neither in the aperture nor in the revolving ribs. Dr. Gray and Messrs. Adams adopt the genus, and the latter give a figure (pl. 31, fig. 6) of canaliculata, Say, as the type, which I do not think answers to the description or figure of Mr. Swainson. Dr. Gray, in his excellent ‘List of the Genera of Recent Mollusca,’ in the Proc. Zool. Soc., ex- pressed a doubt whether his Telescopella may not be the same with Ceriphasia.” In April, 1861, Mr. Lea proposed another genus, as follows : — ‘© Strephobasis, Lea. — Shell cylindrical ; aperture subquad- rate; columella thickened and retro-canaliculate below. ‘* Operculum commencing spiral, corneous. “‘'The mollusk, for which I propose this genus, was sent to me by Wm. Spillman, M. D., of Columbus, Miss., and I have before me over a dozen specimens from a third to nearly an inch in length. The very great number of species of the genus Melania makes it desirable to eliminate any group, with characters sufficiently distinct to permanently recognize it. The very remarkable retrorse callus at the base of the column, causing a lateral sinus, is characteristic of this genus.” Next, we have the genus Goniobasis, intended to include most of the vast residue of species not previ- ously eliminated. This genus, proposed in Proc. Acad. Nat. Sciences, May, 1862, is described as follows :—~— ‘¢ Goniobasis, Lea. — Shell conical or fusiform. Aperture subrhomboidal, subangulate below. Columella thickened some- what above. Operculum commencing spiral, corneous. ‘“TIn my paper on the genus Trypanostoma, proposed by me (Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., 1863, p. 169), I mentioned the impor- tance of eliminating as many species as possible from the genus Melania, which is so enormously extended as almost to prevent the possibility of finding suitable names for the species. In the Proceedings of the Academy, Dec., 1861, I stated that XXX Prof. Haldeman’s genus Lithasia formed a very excellent group. In working up a very large number of the family Me- lanide, obtained from the Southern and Western States, I have, notwithstanding the divisions which had been made, found myself embarrassed with that form of aperture which is quite different from the auger-mouthed (Trypanostoma) species and the Lithasia, to which latter they are most nearly allied. I mean those which usually, though not always, have a slight thickening of the upper part of the columella and no callus below, and which are also without the notch of Lithasia, although subangular at base. In this subangular character they differ from Melania proper, which are round or loop-like at the base. For this group I propose the name of Gonioba- sis,* which will give us for our American Melanide the fol- lowing genera, all of them having opercula : — “ Melania, + Lam., Anculosa, Say, Io, Lea, Lithasia, Hald., Schizostoma, Lea, Strephobasis, Lea, Trypanostoma, Lea, Go- niobasis, Lea, and Amnicola, Gould and Hald. ‘* They may be known by, ** Melania having a regular loop-form aperture. ‘* Anculosa having a rounded aperture and a callous columella. ‘“‘ Jo having a greater or lesser elongate channel or spout at the base. ‘* Lithasia having a callus on the columella above and below, and a notch at the base. ‘* Schizostoma having a cut in the upper part of the outer lip. ‘¢ Strephobasis having a retrorse callus at base, and usually a squarish aperture. * Trypanostoma having an expanded outer lip and an auger- shaped aperture. ‘* Goniobasis haying usually a subrhomboidal aperture, sub- angular at base and without a channel. ** Amnicolat having a round mouth and no callus.” In Proc. Academy of Nat. Sciences, January, 1864, Mr. Lea proposed the following : — “« Meseschiza.— Shell fusiform, imperforate. Aperture rhom- boidal, below canaliculate. Lip expanded, slit in the middle. Columella smooth, incurved. Operculum corneous, spiral. . -* Adams’ Elimia takes in part of this genus. + Cuvier describes Melania as having long tentacula, the eyes being on the exterior side about the third of the length. The eyes of Melania Virginica, Say, are at the base of short tentacula. I very much doubt if we have a single species in the United States properly belonging to this genus, of which Cuvier considered amarula as the type, and Lamarck, asperata as the type. t Annicola, although much like Paludina, is more nearly allied to the Melanide. The operculum is spiral, and, therefore, very different in this character from Paludina. XXX ‘The little shell which I now propose as a new genus, has so distinct a character in the incision of the middle of the outer lip, as to mark perfectly its place in the Melanide of the United States. It differs entirely in the character of the cut from that in Schizostoma, which has, in all the many species I have seen, a more or less deep incision immediately under the suture. The living soft parts have not yet been observed. They may, when examined, prove to have some characteristics quite differ- ent from Schizostoma.” Eurycelon.—In remarks on Goniobasis umbonata (Proc. Acad., p. 3, Jan. 1864), ‘‘ This is the fourth species of a natural group which I have described and which have a large ear-shaped aperture. If they be not entitled to a generic place, they may at least be considered a subgenus, for which I propose the name of Hurycelon, the aperture being larger than in the Melanide generally. All the species of Eurycelon have a callus on the collumella above, but not below, as in Lithasia, and the base is more or less angular, which is not the case with Anculosa. Those which we have. considered as varieties of Anculosa prerosa, Say, which have an angular base, properly belong, I think, to Huryeclon, as well also Anthonyi, Redfield, turbinata, and tintinnabulum (nobis), and some others. When the soft parts shall be examined, they will, I think, be found to differ from Goniobasis, Trypanostoma and Lithasia, to which genera they seem nearest allied. The operculum of the only one I have seen is the same as Goniobasis, and the Melanidce generally.” * Dr. James Lewis (Proc. Acad. Nat. Sciences, Dec., 1862, pp. 588-90) describes the soft parts of Mela- ma subularis and Melania exilis, and remarks in conclusion, that ‘“ the following features of the two species above considered may suffice for placing them apart in subgenera : — ‘‘1. The presence of a sinus or fold in the sides of the foot and neck of M. subularis, and its absence in M. evilis. “2. The extension of the anastomosing black lines from the margin of the lateral portions of the foot upwards along the side of the neck in M. subularis, and the restriction of these lines to a narrow zone along the lateral vortions of the foot of M. exilis. «3. A well-defined dark band around the tentacle in M. ewilis, not observable or at most only faintly indicated in M. subularis.” *Mr. Lea probably did not intend to include his tintinnabulum in ELurycelon, but did so inadvertently. I would add to the description as given above — shell generally obovate, longitudinally humped or angled; columella truncate below.. The genus may.be placed between the Lithasiw and Gonivbases. ; XXXL Dr. Lewis endeavors, by these differences, to indi- dicate respectively the genera Trypanostoma and Goniobasis of Mr. Lea; but, unfortunately, the only important character of distinction mentioned by him, is only a sexual difference.* And now, having cited all that has been done in the classification of these animals by American and foreign naturalists, we will first ascertain the sequence of the genera, and then give their names and limitation as we propose to adopt them. Swainson commenced with the species having an entire aperture, then he described genera possessing a truncated aperture (Hemisinus, Melanopsis), and, finally, those with a more or less developed channel at the base. ) Dr. Gray’s arrangement does not differ essentially ; he adds, however, Glotella, an intermediate form between the Zrypanostomoid and Goniobasic groups. Messrs. Adams commence with the canaliculate spe- cies, but not with the highest developed type of that form, Jo. They give the preference to Ceriphasia, Swainson, and next give Pachycheilus, which is cer- tainly more of a Goniobasic form, and then give Jo. Dr. Brot’s “‘ Groups” represent nearly the follow- ing value and sequence in genera: Leptoxis, Try- panostoma, Goniobasis, Lithasia, Pachycheilus, Lo, Melanopsis, Gyrotoma, Pirena. Mr. Lea, in remarks on his description of Gonio- basis, gives the list of genera (which we have quoted), but apparently in the order of their publication. The sequence of genera in the foregoing examples, can certainly be much improved; Jo may be consid- ered as the highest development of the canaliculate shell, and is also the largest in size; we find, more- over, as Mr. Lea has justly remarked, the most ponderous species among the Trypanostome (Pleu- rocere). I would then commence with Jo, and proceed thus: Jo, Pleurocera, Angitrema, Lithasia, *See Stimpson ‘‘On the Structural Characters of the so-called Melanians of North America,” Am. Jour. Sci., xxxviii, July, 1864. XXXIil Strephobasis, Hurycelon, Goniobasis, Schizostoma, Meseschiza, Anculosa. We thus proceed from along canaliculate aper- ture to one in which the aperture is entire, we also commence with the largest and close with the small- est species. Pachycheilus is not included in the above, because it represents an extra-limital group, and will probably be found to belong to another family or subfamily. The same may be said of Hemisinus and Paludomus. With regard to nomenclature, we will examine — 1. Jo, Lea.—We find this genus universally rec- ognized European authors, however, do not seem to understand its true limits, and include species of Lithasia. | 2. Pleurocera, Raf.— Nothwithstanding Mr. Lea’s assertion that Swainson’s figure of Ceriphasia sulcata does not represent a species of this genus, nor his description correspond to it, I believe that Ceripha- sia was certainly intended for that group of Trypan- ostomoid shells represented by canaliculata, Say, and that the figure represents some such shell as 7’ moriforme, Lea. Gray, also, in 1847, proposed Telescopella for Melania undulata, Say, which belongs to the same group. Thus, Mr. Lea’s Trypanostoma is unquestionanly a synonyme. Pleurocera, Rafinesque, is the same shell, and having priority over all the other names, I adopt it without hesitation. Strepoma, Raf., manuscript, applies to the same genus, and Oxytrema, Raf. (Jour. de Physique) may be intended for some immature form of canaliculata, or its allies, which possesses the sharp-pointed aper- ture described,—as Jo variabilis, Lea, for instance. Messrs. Adams adopt Ceriphasia, but they sepa- rate certain species, reticulate, or nodulosely carinate in the middle, to form their genus Hlimia. Their Megara, also, consists of species of this genus. XXXill Of course these names are net founded on generic characters, and, at best, can only be used to desig- nate groups. 3. Lithasia, Haldeman.—This genus is recognized by Messrs. Adams, but Mr. Reeve and Dr. Brot confound its species with Jo. Prof. Haldeman first proposed it as a subgenus of Anculosa. “Shell heavy, having protuberances.” This character ap- plies only to certain species; but the genus 1s now recognized by American naturalists to include all the species with the columella thickened above and below. Prof. Haldeman’s subgenus Angitrema is synony- mous with, and has priority over, Glotella, Gray, both adopting Melania armigera, Say, for their type. As this subgenus really exhibits the highest devel- opment of the species, I have concluded to adopt it as a genus, using Lithasia as a subgenus for the smaller,.smooth forms. 4. Strephobasis, Lea. 5. Eurycelon, Lea. 6. Goniobasis, Lea, May, 1862.—This genus will retain Mr. Lea’s name. Potadoma, Swainson, as understood by Messrs. H. & A. Adams, embraces certain species only. These gentlemen take some species of this, Strephobasis and Pleurocera, to make their Megara, a subgenus of Gyrotoma( Schizostoma!) They make of the plicate group, Melasma, and of the striate species they form Juga. These names may be retained as sections of the genus, possessing no really generic characters. 7. Schizostoma, Lea, Dec., 1842.— Messrs. Adams, Brot and Anthony, adopt Gyrotoma, Shuttleworth, July 22, 1845, because Schizostoma was preoccu- pied. Mr. Lea was himself of the same opinion, and changed the name to Schizochilus (also preoccu- pied). He subsequently reclaimed the original name, and I give him the genus as first published, having L. F. W.S. IV. XXX1V two and one-half years’ priority over Shuttleworth. I entirely agree with Mr. Lea, that JZelatoma, Swain- © son, represents an exotic, and not an American, croup. Mr. Anthony is ignorant how his name came to be used in connection with JZelatoma. It was first so used by Dr. Gray* (perhaps through inadvertence), and afterwards by Mr. Reeve. Meseschiza, Lea. 9. Anculosa, Say.—Leptowis, Rafinesque, as al- ready mentioned, is not described definitely enough to justify its substitution for Say’s name. Prof. Haldeman, with the aid of Rafinesque’s manuscript work, identified the genus and used the name. He has been followed by Messrs. Adams, Brot, and Bin- ney, while Messrs. Lea, Conrad, Anthony, and Reeve, have adhered to the old name. I think that Ellip- stoma, Raf. (Jour. de Phys.) really applies to this genus much better than Leptoxis, and might be readily taken to represent such a form of it as crassa, Hald. Prof. Haldeman proposed a subgenus MWudalia for certain thin species without enamel on the labium, and probably intended to include such globose forms as altilis, Lea, &c., but the only species which he cites tle ‘hes neste are dissimilis, Say, and turgida, Hald., both carinate shells. I am convinced, from studying numerous examples, that the characters of Mudalia are not persistent. The globose form of so-called Anculosew, represented by altilis, does not belong to the family. Mr. Gill has proposed for it the generic name Somatogyrus, and it is now included in Ammnicolide. These same Virginia and Ohio thin species, together with the dentate forms, compose the sub- genus JVitocris, H. & A. Adams, a synonyme, anyhow, and otherwise of no value. Mr. Anthony proposes to me to call such shells as Anculosa monodontoides, *Mr. Anthony never described such a shell as Melatoma altilis, Anth., referred to by Dr. Gray. XXXV “ Spirodon,” but the toothed columella is not even a constant specific character. The characters assigned to Jo, Plewrocera, Angi- trema, Lithasia, Strephobasis, Hurycalon, Goniobasis, Schizostoma, Meseschiza and Anculosa, are by no means of equal value. I regard the first five as members of the Zrypanostomoid section of the family, of which Jo is a genus, with Pleurocera for a subgenus. Jithasia should, perhaps, be considered a subgenus only of Angitrema, which is the highest development of this form, having the thickened columella. Strephobasis occupies a position between Lithasia and Goniobasis, but I think that it, also, might be considered a subgenus of Angitrema. Goniobasis, Schizostoma and Anculosa, are cer- tainly distinct genera; the first two approximate, forming the Goniobasic group or section ;* and the last forms a section by itself, characterized by an entire aperture. Yet this arrangement is liable to exception, as all the species of a genus do not fulfil the ideas here conveyed. Some species, on the contrary, remind one of genera which do not immediately succeed or precede them. Moreover, anatomical researches will enable us probably to separate the natural genera of this family much more sharply than we are now doing, and may enable us to seize on corroborative characters of the shell, which are now overlooked, or whose importance, in this connection, has been thus far under-estimated. * Eurycelon will be retained as a genus in this work although I suspect now that the species should merge into Goniobasis and Anculosa. Meseschiza, as I am convinced, represents an abnormal condition of growth in very young shells from a single locality. Unlike Schizostoma, there is in Meseschiza every evidence that injury to the shell causes the slit in the body whorl. In this case also I retain the genus, simply because otherwise I should not know where to place its single species.— May, 1872. XXXVI SYNOPSIS OF GENERA OF STREPOMATIDE. I, Aperture produced into a more or less obvious canal in front. Trypanostomoid Section. 1. Shell fusiform inflated on the periphery. Spire and canal produced ; columella without deposit of nacre.—[ Fic. 4. ] Io, Lea. 2. Shell conical, or oval, canal not so much produced.— [ Fies. 5, 6.] Subgenus PLeurocERA, Raf. Shell oval, or turbiniform, or fusiform, with a revolving row of nodules on the periphery, canal short. Colu- mella callously thickened above and below. [ Fie. 7. ] AnaiTrema, Hald. Shell oval or oblong, smaller, either smooth or adorned with nodules around the upper portion of the body whorl.— [ Fia. 8.] Subgenus Lirmastra, Hald. Canal retrorse.—[Fic.9.] Subgenus Srrepnopasis, Lea. II. Aperture merely angulated in front, with no canal, and the columella not twisted, frequently callously thickened above. Goniobasic Section. 3. Shell obovate, heavy, nodulosely angled, aperture ear-shaped ; columella oval, truncate.— [ Fies. 10, 11. ] Evuryc£.on, Lea. Fig. 6. XXXVI1 4, Shell heavy, oval, truncate, oblong, or turreted ; aper- ture entire above.—[Fies. 12,13.] Gonronasis, Lea. 5. Aperture with a sutural, pleurotomose slit above.— [ Fie. 14.] Mesescu 12A,Lea. 6. Lip slit in the middle.—[Fie. 15.] Scurzosroma, Lea. III. Aperture entire and rounded in front. 7. Shell oval, heavy; columella callously thickened above.— [ Fic. 16. ] ANCULOSA, Say. Fig. 12. Fig. 13. Fig. 14. Fig. 15. Fig. 16. 2. Geographical Distribution —We have, in North America, nearly five hundred recognized species of the shells belonging to the various genera of Strepomatide. So considerable a moiety of these are found to be inhabitants of the upper Tennessee River and its branches in East Tennessee and North Alabama, and of the Coosa River in the latter State, that we quite agree with Mr. Lea in regarding that region as the great centre of this kind of animal life. We have ascertained that, leaving out the species inhabiting the Pacific States and those which in the descriptions have their habitats designated by States only,* of the remainder, fully two-thirds belong to the above two streams; including three entire genera, nearly all the species in several others, and a majority of the species of every genus except one (Meseschiza) of a single species. The Strepomatide do not appear to flourish in the neighborhood of the sea, and nowhere have the * As the localities of nearly all of these are ‘‘ Tennessee” or ‘‘ Alabama,” the most of them also were probably obtained from the Tennessee and Coosa Rivers. XXXVI species been found numerous within a hundred miles of our coasts; nor do they approach the more northern latitudes of the Middle and Western States, very few species being found so far north as the Ohio River. The Mississippi River also, seems to have formed, from the junction of the Ohio until its mouth, insurmountable barrier to the geographical disper- sion of these shells. ‘ Thus, we find the district of our country, which they inhabit in such profuse numbers of species and individuals, to be really of somewhat limited extent, and may give its boundaries as follows :—orth, the Tennessee River and tributaries. The Cumberl and Mountains prevent the dispersion of the species of this river to the northward until its course is directed into Alabama. Here the character of its species (which we shall again allude to further on) changes, and they become gradually less numerous and of greater geographical dispersion, as the river runs towards the west. Hast, the mountain range of the Blue Ridge, running southwestwardly into the interior of Northern Georgia. Thence, the Chattahoochee River and tributaries, to within about -a hundred miles of the Gulf. South, the species are restrained from spreading by the influence of the Gulf of Mexico. West, the Alabama, Cahawba and Black Warrior Rivers and their tributaries, those of the latter reaching almost to Florence, on the Tennessee River, which may represent the northwestern point of our boundary. These limits are necessarily imperfect, but never- theless include at least three-fourths of our species within an area of three hundred miles extent, either north and south, or east and west. Of course, where the rivers alone form the boundaries, many of their species have spread into the adjacent streams; but in East Tennessee, south- western Virginia, western North Carolina and north- XXX1X western Georgia, where several parallel mountain ranges completely enclose the valleys of the rivers, almost all the species inhabiting them appear to be confined within their limits. And here, a space of one hundred and fifty miles in length, by fifty in breadth, will include the waters occupied by probably more than a hundred and fifty species of Strepomatide. The following table, representing the arrangement of the Strepomatide followed in my “Synonymy” of the species, published in the Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences, 1865-4, will show both the total number of species, and the absolute and relative strength of the genera. A few species since published have not all been included, as we are not sufficiently well acquainted with them : — NUMBER OF SPECIES OF STREPOMATIDZ. 1. Trypanostomoid Section. 2. Goniobasic Section. TG) * hy wea Salle f 5 5 EURYCELON. . . 6 smooth Seeeaiet ss ae 2 ; = spinose eae oti iy. 3 GONTOBASIS Sone we 274 Spirally~nig: Seder mse see PLEUROCERA. . . 84 tuberculate ... . . 18 ERDEKCOIALC Ys rei mews || oa) 4 OMCEION Ge loo. ior to cle. tel sulcate . te comes 8 ANCUlAte ee gsn aeons) onl striate, angulate .. . 12 bi-multi-angulate . . . Il CADINGLC: evan ue. fo? a urecy 8 CATLIN ACE mews b bees. om ke PUICAGG Sarma ot 2 tee |e Smooch; shorty.) se. 20 smooth, angulate . . 15 smooth, elevated . . . 43 smooth, not angulate . 32 striate, elevated ... 8 mpact nderous .. 2 ANGITREMA .. . fou oe > pond L withacoronaloftubercles 4 SCHIZOSTOMA . . 26 with two rows of tubercles 1 HSSULE MALNOW2 1 on tee eee Le with a central row of tu- ASSUTEWIGES J.) et ash lvers sole Le DET CCC wrtee renee sor ~_ _ MESESCHIZA . TURECAST AN ers ae 7 large, oval, inflated small, compact . obliquely flattened . subcylindrical Third Section. ANIGUMOSAME tsy eet « Bal nodulous . suleate. . . . STREPHOBASIS . . 8 striate Cobos ot H Cob) = Ovate!conical 238%, 5. 7 oe AUOULAE ME seee erie. ter Se cylindrical . 5 subglobose, or 21 campanulate va ae = Total in Ist section . . .. . ~ 126 species, er eH eiree eeexe OUT cs bce species in all. “3d ce Mal oemellt vod pon as xl We find that, while some groups of species extend over a very wide territorial space, other groups are extremely restricted, and yet are frequently charac- terized by as great variation in form, size, orna- mentation, ete., as the former. The Goniobasic Group occupy the entire extent of our country, represented by the sole species of our Northern Atlantic States, the very few forms of the great Northern Lakes and the species of the Pacific States, while they also occupy the entire southern country, with one or two species in Mexico and Cuba. The Zrypanostomoid Section, on the contrary, is very much more restricted, bemg confined princi- pally to the streams tributary to the Mississippi and the Gulf of Mexico. The Mississippi appears to form their western boundary. While the Zrypanostomoid forms attain their maximum development in size and number in the Tennessee River, they are, to a very great extent, replaced by the G'oniobasic forms in the Coosa River, which is undoubtedly the metropolis of the latter. The most striking genus of each of these groups is absolutely confined to the respective streams in which the groups had their origin. Thus, fo and Schizostoma are inhabitants, the first of the Tennessee and branches, the second of the Coosa, and neither of them is elsewhere found. Assuming the Ohio River as a dividing line, we find that ninety-five per cent. of all the species originate south of it. Even a smaller proportion inhabit the rivers east of the Alleghany, and west of the Rocky Mountains. In the west, no species of Strepomatide have been discovered in higher lati- tudes than the northern boundary of the United States, while in the east, the St. Lawrence River and tributaries appear to be the northern limit of the family. We thus find the Strepomatide to be distributed almost exclusively within the limits of the United xli States, a distribution coextensive with our Vivipa- ride and other families of Mollusca; clearly indica- ting that our country constitutes a distinct faunal province. For, as the Viviparide are replaced in Mexico by Ampullaria, so, for the Strepomatide, are substituted the more ponderous Pachychili. Between the former and the latter extend the broad plains of Texas, with rivers devoid of species, forming a barrier to the intermingling of the two groups. Besides this, the Mississippi River, from the junction of the Ohio to its mouth, appears to have formed a barrier to the westward progression of the Strepomatide, which but very few species have been able to surmount. Wie believe that one species only, to both sides of that nea Stn while several forms, all of Goniobasis, are found inhabiting the western tributary streams exclusively. Of course, our great river does not interpose such a formidable barrier in the northwest, where its volume is much less, and we here find the species of the great lakes not only inhabiting its waters in abundance, but extending into its western branches. The species of the great lakes, though few in number and small in size, are very numerous in individuals, yet they fade out as completely on appro oaching the Ohio River as do the southern species; we are, therefore, compelled to admit in this case the plausibility of the theory of a separate creation of a small group of species, adapted to withstand the rigors of a climate which effectually forbids the introduction of the meridional species. We may discover in the paucity of species, their small size and scant ornamentation, but multiplicity of individuals, and in their very extended distribu- tion, a striking parallelism with the distribution of boreal marine Mollusca. Like the Unionide, the Viviparide, the Amunicolide and the Limneide, of the same latitudes, the intercommunication afior ded xl by our waters has induced the plentiful distribution of the same species from Iowa and Wisconsin to Western New York, and even into Lake Champlain. We have already alluded to the total separation of the species of our West Coast States. The barrier of the Rocky Mountains has, of course, proved with them even a greater obstacle than with our /Helices. We find, accordingly, that the few species (all Goniobases) mostly partake of two common type characters, being either plicately ribbed* or spirally striated. The Strepomatide are entirely absent from the waters of the New England States, the exclusion being due probably not only to the severe climate, for they inhabit streams in even higher latitudes, but probably also their proximity to the sea. There is no natural method by which the species of the lakes could extend into the head waters of the New England rivers, and none of the species have as yet been transported by accident across the intervening land. That the proximity of the sea exercises a great disturbing influence on the very few species which are exposed to and able to endure it, is proved by the great mutations of form which characterize Gon. Virginica and Anc. dissimilis in the Atlantic, and Gon. plicifera in the Pacific States. The very great influence which our two great chains of mountains has exercised, in restricting the distribution of our species, may be inferred from what has already been said, and requires no further allusion. The following observations on the geographical distribution of the various genera and smaller groups, will exhibit some very curious facts. * Which strangely enough, equally characterizes a group of (onio- bases of East Tennessee. Our West Coast Helices are all of different species and generally of quite distinct groups; Vivipara is excluded, and the Amnicolide belong to different genera from those of the Atlantic States, yet the same species of Physa, Lymnea and Planorbis, abound equally in either section ! 10. Of this genus, the type of the Zrypanostomoid form, there are five species, two of which are smooth and three spinose ;_ they are of extremely localized distribution, being confined to the head waters and tributaries of the Tennessee River, and principally to the Holston, in Southern West Virginia and East Tennessee. They are very numerous in indi- viduals, as Mr. Anthony, during a visit made to this region several years ago, selected and brought home several thousand specimens. Prof. Haldeman also was very successful in collecting them. PLEUROCERA. Of the eighty-four species, only thirteen are found so far northward as the Ghio River, and only five of them originate in that stream or its northern tributaries. The Tennessee River and_ branches claim thirty-three species, of which twenty-one appear to be confined to its waters. The Cumber- land River contains four species identical with those of the Tennessee, and about a dozen that are not found in the latter stream. The Alabama River contains fourteen species, three of which seem to be peculiar to it. These species are generally con- fined, however, to those portions of the Coosa and branches that approach to East Tennessee. A few species also inhabit the Tombigbee, of Mississippi. About a dozen species have the simple habitat “Tennessee” stated; nine have ‘Alabama,’ and two “ South Carolina.” I doubt very much whether the latter is correct. There is very good reason to believe that a// the large tuberculate, sulcate and angulate species in- habit the Tennessee River, the most ponderous ones extending from the Coosa, through Middle and West Tennessee, to the Ohio River. Among the angulate forms two, trivittatwm and tortum, are xliv reported only from the Tombigbee and Chattahoo- chee Rivers respectively. None of the carinate group —inhabitants of Tennessee River — extend northward to the Ohio; but, strangely enough, the North-western States furnish two peculiar species,— P. subulare of Niagara River, and P..Lewisu of Illinois River. But two plicate Pleurocere have yet been dis- covered, although this form is so very common to the Goniobases inhabiting the same region. These shells are found in the Clinch and Cumberland Rivers. Of the smooth species, several extend to the Ohio River. ANGITREMA. The four species of the first group are inhabitants of the Tennessee River. A. salebrosa has been gathered in the Holston, in East Tennessee, and in the Tennessee at Florence, Alabama. A. Jayana inhabits Caney Fork, Tennessee. The five species of the third group are, with the exception of A. rota, very closely allied. A. armigera has an extensive distribution. It was described from the Ohio River, and has since been found in the Wabash, Indiana, along with several other nodulous and plicate species, whose range is otherwise confined to more southern rivers. Kentucky and Tennessee are also given as hab- itats for this species; and in the latter State it doubtless originated. A. Duttoniana and Stygia are both reported from Cumberland River, and the former inhabits the Tennessee. The fourth group contains two species not easily distinguished, but differing very much in their range of habitat; for, while A. Jima is confined to the lower waters of the Tennessee, A. verrucosa has a range coextensive with that of armigera. It occurs in the Holston River and the whole extent of the Tennessee, the xlv Cumberland, the lower parts of the Ohio, and is very plentiful in the Wabash. LITHASIA. While the typical Angitreme are essentially a Tennessee group, the subgenus Lithasia extends further southwards. Its large inflated species, five in number, all occur in the Tennessee River at Flor- ence, Alabama, and vicinity, while the more nume- rous, compact, heavy species, approaching in form to the typical Goniobases, are almost confined to the Coosa and Cahawba Rivers. The exceptions are a small group of three species, of which obovaia is the type, which inhabit the Ohio River and its Kentucky and Indiana tributaries, and one singular subcylin- drical species reported from the Cumberland. Mr. Anthony assigns Tennessee as the habitat of his nucleola ; but I think he is mistaken, as I have specimens from the Coosa. STREPHOBASIS. Several of the species are reported only from East Tennessee, while two of them occur in the branches of the Alabama River. One of these is found in both rivers. Prof. Haldeman is in error in assigning Ohio River as the habitat of his St¢. carta. It has never been found there, but is one of the most plentiful shells of the Tennessee River, and as such, is in all our cabinets. Goniobasic Section. These shells constitute three-fifths of the species of Strepomatide. They are naturally divided into two type forms: the first, heavy, compact, with large subeylindrical body and short spire is eminently characteristic of the Coosa River; while the second, containing narrow, elongated species, with high spires of many whorls, although more extensively distributed, is still very characteristic of the waters of the Tennessee River and branches. xlvi To the first of these forms undoubtedly belongs Eurycelon, a new genus, which probably includes more species than have yet been assigned to 1t;— and Schizostoma. Of the six species of the former, one is from the Holston, another from the Cumber- land, and the balance from the tributaries of the Alabama River. SCHIZOSTOMA. This genus, embracing twenty-six species, divided into two distinct groups of nearly equal respective numbers, inhabits the Coosa River only, and in this limited space exhibits all the range of variation in form, size and ornamentation, belonging to genera which possess a more extended geographical distri- bution. MESESCHIZA Contains at present only the type species. It is a very small, fragile shell, inhabiting the Wabash River, and does not appear to be of mature growth.* GONIOBASIS. This very large and widely-extended genus em- braces over two hundred and fifty species — more than half of all the Strepomatide —and_ includes the only representatives of the family west of the Rocky Mountains, or south of the United States. One species, beautifully ridged with sharp, revolv- ing ribs—the G. proscissa, of Anthony—is re- ported simply from northern Alabama. There are eighteen tuberculate species; the heavy, compact ones being principally from the branches of Alabama River, while the elongated ones are found in the Tennessee. In the latter is included a very distinct group, typified by Postellii, of Lea, belonging to the tributaries of the Tennessee, in Northwest Georgia. Two or three allied species are found in Florida. * The validity of the genus is doubtful. No specimens have been collected since the type series, and they all appear to have been injured. xlvu Among the tuberculate species, I have included G. occata, Hinds,—a California shell, of very doubtful generic character. The plicate species number eighty-five, of which about half inhabit the Tennessee River. ve ‘ Ag < 1 Wilts, i oe “pee = MONOGRAPH OF STREPOMATID A. Famity STREPOMATID.Z, Hatpeman. Strepomatide, Hatp., Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., Sept., 1863. Melaniana, Lam., Extr. d’un Cours., 1812. Hist. Anim. sans. Vert., vi, p. 168, 1822; edit. 2, viii, p. 425, 1838. DesHayss, Encyc. Meth., iii, pp. 431 and 553, 1832. Rervr, Zool. Proc., p. 76, 1841. Conch. Syst., ii, p. 119, 1842. Sowerby, Conch. Man., ed. 2, p. 187, 1842. CatrLow, Conch. Nomenc., p. 185, 1845. Melanide (part), LATREILLE, Fam. Nat., 1825. Lua, Proc. Philos. Soc., iii, p. 164, 1843. Melaniane (part), Swainson, Malacol., pp. 198, 340, 1840. DMelaniade (part), Gray, Syn. Brit. Mus., 1840. Zool. Proc., part 15, p. 152, 1847. Turron’s Manual, ed. 2, p. 79, 85. Melaniide (part), ADAMS, Genera, p. 293, 1854. Ceriphasine, GILL, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., pp. 34, 35, Feb., 1863. IO, Lea. Jo, L8A, Trans. Phil. Soc., iv, p. 122, 1831.* Sowrrsy, Conch. Man. 2d edit., p. 167, 1842. DeKay, Moll., New York, p. 103, 1843. HERMANNSON, Indicis Generum Malacozoorum, p. 562, 1846. Jo (sp.), Lea, Gray, Proc. Zool. Soc., pt. 15, p. 153, 1847. Jay, Cata- logue, 4th edit., p. 277, 1852. H. and A. Apams Genera, i, p. 299. CHENU, Man. de Conchyl., i, p. 290, 1859. ANrHony, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., p. 69, 1860. Reeve, Monog. Io, April, 1860. Brxney, Check List, June, 1860. Brot, Cat. Syst. des Mélaniens, p. 29, 1862. Melafusus, SwAInson, Malacol., pp. 201, 341, 1840. Woopwarp, Manual, p- 181, 1851. Fusus (sp.), Say, Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci., 1st series, v, pt. 1, p. 129, Nov., 1825. Melania (sp.), CaTLow and ReEEve, Conch. Nomenc., 1845. * Date of title page of the volume, 1834, but the part containing Mr. Lea’s Memoir Was printed and distributed in 1831. L. F. W. S. IV. 1 2 LAND AND FRESH-WATER SHELLS OF N. A. [PART IV. Description.— Shell fusiform; base canaliculate; spire ele- vated; columella smooth and concave.— Lea. Geographical Distribution.— The Fig. 25. few species comprising this genus appear to inhabit exclusively the waters of Middle and East Ten- nessee and southwestern Virginia. Observations.— Mr. Lea has re- cently described eight species which he proposes to consider a distinct group of Jo, but I cannot distinguish them from Pleurocera. The longer fuse, sharp lip and fragile texture of most of these species, show them to be immature shells, and in several instances I had no difficulty in proving them identical with mature shells described by Mr. Lea as Trypanostoma (= Pleu- rocera), by means of series of specimens of different ages. Excluding these, twelve species have been described; of which we propose to retain five, regarding the others as syno- nymes. Many naturalists consider the genus to be restricted to one valid species, and cite the nearly uniform size of the shells, their similar ornamentation and restricted habitat as proofs of the correctness of their opinion ; there appears to me to be a well-founded division of the species into two groups, the one containing shells which are smooth or obscurely tuber- culate, and the second those developing distinct spines. En- deavors have been made to connect Jo jluvialis and spinosa, the respective types of the two groups, by series of specimens, but no fluvialis has been found with better developed protu- berances than the shell described by Mr. Reeve as verrucosa, which is still a long way from the spinosa. In the young shells the differences are very much better shown than in 10. 3 mature individuals, and no one would think of connecting the quite young of the two. Species.— There are very many groups in the other genera of Strepomatide in which the species resemble one another quite as closely as in Jo; we may instance the close resem- blance of Angitrema armigera and Duttoniana; of verrucosa and lima; of geniculata, salebrosa and subglobosa ; of Anculosa prerosa and teniata; of the species of Schizostoma; of the heavy cylindrical Goniobases of North Alabama; and many like instances will occur to those who have studied the family. —Am. Jour. Conch., i, p. 41, 1865. In a figure included in the introductory portion of this work will be found the lingual dentition of a species of this genus, Jo spinosa, Lea (fig. 22). SYNOPSIS OF SPECIES. A. Shell smooth or somewhat tuberculated. 1. IO FLUVIALIS, Say. Io tenebrosa, Lea. Io verrucosa, Reeve. 2. Io rNERMIS, Anthony. Io lurida, Anthony. B. Shell spinose. 3. Io sprnosa, Lea. Var. Jo crassa, Anthony. (Monstrosity) Jo gibhosa, Anthony. Var. Jo recta, Anthony. Var. Jo rhombica, Anthony. 4. Io BREvIs, Anthony. Jo spirostoma, Anthony. 5. Io TuRRITA, Anthony. 4 LAND AND FRESH-WATER SHELLS OF N. A. [PART IY. SPECIES. A. Shell smooth or only slightly tuberculate. 1. I. fluvialis, Say. Fusus fluvialis, SAY, Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci., v, p. 129, Nov., 1825. CONRAD, New Fresh-W ater Shells, p. 12, 1834. To fluvialis, Say, BINNEY, Check List, p. 12, June, 1860. Jo fluviatilis, Say, WOODWARD, Manyal, t. 8, f.27. HANLEY, Conchological Misc. Melania, t. 6, f.50. REEVE, Monog. Io, t.1,f.5. H.& A. ADAMS, Genera, i, 299. Brot, Cat. des Mélaniens, p.29. Brov, Malacol. Blatt, ii, 114, 1860. Pleurocera fluvialis, Say, HALDEMAN, Iconog. Encyc., ii, p. 84. To fusiformis, LEA, Philos. Trans., iv, p. 122, t. 15, f. 37a, 6; Observations, i, p. 132, t. 15, f. 37a, 6. RAVENEL, Catalogue, p.11. Troost, Catalogue Shells of Ten- nessee. CHENU, Man. Conchyl., i, f. 1977. DEKAyY, Mollusca New York, p. 103. WHEATLEY, Cat. Shells U. S., p. 28. SAy, Catalogue, 4th edit., p.277. REEVE, Monog. Io, t. 1, f. 6. To tenebrosa, LEA, Philos. Proceedings, ii, p. 84, April, 1841; Philos. Trans., ix, p. 17; Observations, iv, p. 17. WHEATLEY, Cat. Shells U. S., p. 29. BINNEY, Check List, No. 404. H. & A. ADAMS, Genera, i, 299. To verrucosa, REEVE, Monograph Io, t.1, f.2, April, 1860. Brot, Cat. des Méla- niens, p. 29. Description.— Shell fusiform, olive-green or brownish; spire much elevated, gradually tapering; volutions nearly six, wrinkled across, and with a series of elevated un- dulations on the middle; suture consisting only of an impressed line; aperture somewhat fusiform, within whitish, more or less with dull reddish, and with several lines of that color sometimes confluent ; labrum on the inner margin im- maculate, edge undulated; canal rounded at tip; columella very concave. Length, 1 8-10 inches; aperture, 19-20 of an inch; greatest breadth, 19-20 of an inch. Observations.—Professor Vanuxem found this curious and highly in- teresting shell (Fig. 27) on the north fork of the Holston River, near the confluence of a brook of salt water. From the name of the genus it might reasonably be supposed to be a marine shell, but it has never been discovered on the coast, and seems to be limited to a very smal] district of the Holston River, in company with Unio cariosus, sub- tentus, nobis, Melania subglobosa, nobis, and no doubt other fluviatile 10. a shells. When the inhabitant becomes known it may authorize the formation of a new genus, but there appears no character in the conformation of the shell that would readily distinguish it from Fusus.— Say. Mr. Lea, upon instituting the genus Jo, renamed jfluvialis as fusiformis, Lea, in accordance with a custom very usual among naturalists, but very reprehensible. He has recently done Mr. Say and himself the justice of restoring the original name — an example worthy to be followed. A young, very dark colored specimen of this species, Mr. Lea named Jo tenebrosa. He now agrees with me in considering it to be a synonyme of fluvialis. ; The following is the description, together with a figure from the type specimen, of Jo tenebrosa.—Shell fusiform, rather thin, nearly black, smooth; spire conical; sutures scarcely impressed; whorls six, flattened; aperture irregularly pear-shaped; with- in purple. ; Habitat.— Tennessee. Diameter, -48; length, -75 of an inch. Observations.— A single specimen only was brought by Mr. Edgar from Tennessee. It is a small specimen, and may be immature. After a good deal of hesitation I have deter- mined to give it a place among the species. Itseems to me to be very distinct in color. The channel is more curved to the left and back- ward than in Mr. Say’s species. It has no trace of spines or tubercles, and is dark all over. I do not know if it ever occurs banded.— Lea. The two accompanying figures represent respectively smaller and larger specimens than Mr. Lea’s type. The — Fis- 2% full grown shell is very frequently entirely smooth, though it sometimes develops a few nodules upon the periphery, but these do not attain f to the size of the ‘‘ spines” which charac- fii) terize Jo spinosa, and I have not found, | AN among numercus specimens, any that would connect the two species. The color of fluvialis varies from yellow through various shades of light and dark green and brown to black. Some specimens are 6 LAND AND FRESH-WATER SHELLS OF N. A. [PART IV. beautifully banded. The following description by Mr. Reeve is founded on a shell more than usually noduled; the figure is a copy from his plate. Io verrucosa.—Shell fusiform, greenish-olive, purple tinged and banded; whorls six, sloping, the first plicately crenulated, the rest tumidly noduled at the periphery; columella attenu- ately elongated. Flabitat.— Tennessee. Observations.— In this species, which is of a greenish hue, the periphery of the whorls is furnished with a row of swollen, wart-like nodules, the early whorls of the shell being rippled with small concentric folds.— Reeve. 2. I. inermis, ANTHONY. Io inermis, ANTHONY, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., Feb. 1860, p. 70. BINNEY, Check List, No. 401. REEVE, Monog. Io, t. 3, f. 21. To lurida, Anthony, REEVE, Monog. Io, t. 3, f. 20, Description.—Shell conical, smooth, thick; moderately elevated; composed of 7-8 flattened whorls; suture very distinct; upper whorls slightly coronated by an obscure row of low spines, nearly con- fil cealed by the preceding whorl; shell other- mt aN AY wise perfectly smooth, or only occasionally or obscurely nodulous on the body-whorl; lines of growth very strong and much curved; aperture pyriform, curved to the left, banded within; columella twisted, callous, thickened above; sinus long and curved. Length of shell, 2 1-16 inches; breadth of shell, 1 inch; length of aperture, 1 inch. Breadth of aperture, 4 inch.— Anthony. Remarkable mainly for its plain, un- adorned exterior, and smooth epidermis ; its color also is lighter than ‘‘ spinosa” or “ fluviatilis.’ No spines are visible on the body-whorl of this species generally, but I have a few specimens which may perhaps belong to it, 10. 7 and which have a few obscure spines near the aperture ; these are, however, little more than knobs. Some hundreds of this species have come under my notice. Io lurida was first de- scribed by Mr. Reeve. It is only a dark variety of inermis. Indeed, Mr. Anthony himself writes to me to that effect. The following is the description and figure from the type specimen of Io lurida. — Shell straightly fusiform; lurid-purple within and without; whorls smooth,unarmed, concavely impressed round the upper part, tumidly gibbous round the middle; columella scarcely twisted. Habitat.— Southern United States. Obdservations.— A smooth, straightly fusi- form shell, of a dull, lurid-purple color throughout.— Reeve. This species is considered by many conchologists to be a variety of fluvialis : it may be so, but the material before Fig. 33. me Coes not enable me to make a decision against its spe- Fig. 34. cific weight, and I think decidedly that it is a good species. 3. I. spinosa, LE. Io spinosa, LEA, Philos. Trans., v, p. 112, t. 19, f. 79. Obs., i, p. 224. Troost, Cat. WHEATLEY, Cat. Shells U.S., p.29. JAY, Cat., 4th edit., p. 277. BINNEY, Check List, No. 402. REEVE, Monog. Io, t. 1, f.7. HANLEY, Conch. Misc., t. 6, f. 51. To gibbosa, Anthony, REEVE, Monog. Io, t.3, Tali, Jo recta, Anthony, REEVE, Monog. Io, t.3,f.21. Io rhombica, Anthony, REEVE, Monog. Io, t. 3, f. 16. Description. — Shell obtusely tur- reted, wide, horn-color, under the ep- idermis banded, furnished with large spines; whorls seven; mouth elon- gate, one-half the length of the shell. Habitat.— Holston River, Washington county, Virginia. 8 LAND AND FRESH-WATER SHELLS OF N. A. [PART IV. Observations.— This species resembles very much the Jo fusifornis (nobis), Fusus fluviatilis, Say, but may be distinguished by its large, transversely compressed spines, the fusiformis having some longitu- dinal tubercles. I am not acquainted with any fluviatile shell which has such large spines (there being about seven on each whorl), nor any which has such a general resemblance to a marine shell. Prof. Troost informs me that they are rare in the river, that they had been observed in the graves of the aborigines; and as it was generally believed that these were ‘conch shells,” consequently coming from the sea, it was urged that the inhabitants who possessed them must have come over the sea. It does not appear that they had been observed in their native element, though living at the very doors of the person who had remarked them in the tumuli.— Lea. The accompanying figure is from a half-grown specimen in the Smithsonian Collection. In the shells de- scribed by Mr. Reeve, quoted in the above syn- onymy, I cannot recognize specific characters, although Jo recta may possibly rank as a variety. The descriptions of the various synonymes are appended, with figures from the type specimens. Fig. 35. Jo gibbosa.— Shell stoutly fusiform, fulvous ; whorls rudely obliquely plicated, ob- tusely tubercled in the middle, last whorl aig. 36 spirally plicately ribbed around the lower part, rib swollen, gibbous; columella arcu- ately twisted, canal broadly effused. fo Habitat.— Southern United States. fie a AY i: f Observations.— The gibbous ridge which. encircles the lower portion of the body- whorl of this species ‘‘is not,” writes Mr. Anthony, ‘‘a mere accidental aberration; I have seen others like it.”— Peeve. The extensive suite of spinosa that I have examined proves that the gib- bous ridge is ‘*a mere accidental aber- ration,” being found in all stages of development on specimens which are otherwise distorted in growth, as Mr. Anthony’s type, figured above, undoubtedly is. Io. 9 Io recta.—Shell somewhat elongately fusiform, straight, rather solid, fulvous-olive, whorls concavely sloping around the upper part, conspicuously tubercled at the angle; tubercles rather small ; columella arcuately twisted; canal broadly appressed; aperture oblong; interior banded and stained with reddish - purple. — Reeve. Habitat.— Tennessee. Io rhombica. — Shell striately fusiform, ful- yous-olive, encircled with four bands of pur- ple-brown; whorls con- cavely sloping, conspic- uously angled and tubercled in the middle; columella but little twisted; canal rather short, attenuately appressed. Habitat.— Southern United States. Observations.— The specimen which Mr. Anthony has here named I. rhombica, is of more regular growth than J. spinosa, with less twist in the columella, and the whorls are more concavely sloping.—Leeve. 4. I. brevis, ANTHONY. To brevis, ANTHONY, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., Feb., 1860, p.69. BINNEY, Check List, No. 399. REEVE, Monog. Io, t.1, f. 4. Io spirostoma, ANTHONY, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., Feb., 1850, p. 70. Brnney, Check List, No. 403, REEVE, Monog, Io, t. 1, f. 1. Description. — Shell conic, ovate, horn- colored, spinous; spines short, thick, five on each whorl; whorls about seven; aper- ture elliptical or pyriform, one-half the length of the shell; columella rounded and sinuous near the base, forming with the outer lip a broad, well defined canal at the base. Length of shell, 2 in.; breadth of shell, 14 in. Length of aperture, 1 in.; breadth of aperture, 3 inch. 10 LAND AND FRESH-WATER SHELLS OF N. A. [PART IV. Habitat.— Tennessee. Observations.— Another of the short, heavy forms in this genus, so unlike the normal type of Jo spinosa; we think no one need confound it with any other species; its short, heavy, flattened spines jutting out like so many miniature spear-heads, and its peculiarly twisted columella will readily characterize it. The columella is also covered with a dense callous deposit, increased in thickness at its upper part and often blotched with dark red at that point; irregular, ill-defined, but broad bands are seen in the interior, often faintly visible on. the epidermis. Appears to be arather common species in some localities, of which I possess some hundreds of specimens.— Anthony. Dr. Brot considers this, and all the other species of Jo iden- tical with J. flwvialis. Mr. Reeve suspects the specific identity of Jo brevis and sptrostoma, and I am convinced that the latter is only an aber- ration of growth like J. gibbosa; it is, however, a very graceful and beautiful shell. The following is the description, together with a figure from the type specimen, of Io spirostoma.— Shell conical, broadly ovate, horn-colored, spinous ; spines short, thick, seven to eight on each whorl; whorls about nine; aperture ovate, about half the length of the shell; columella and outer lip much and regularly twisted, and forming a well- defined sinus at base. Length of shell, 1} inches; breadth of shell, 14 in. Length of aperture, 15-16 of an inch; breadth of aperture, 4 inch. Habitat.— Tennessee. Observations.— This is truly a most re- markable species of this highly interesting genus of mollusks; its difference from the ordinary type of Jo spinosa is too marked to admit of its being confounded with that, or indeed with any other species; its stout, ovate form, short, heavy spines, and, above all, the peculiar and graceful curvature of its outer lip, are prominent characteristics and readily distinguish it. Among several thousand specimens of Jo in my possession, but 10. 11 three adult individuals of this species have been noticed, although I have a dozen or more which seem to be immature forms of it; it may therefore be considered as not only one of the most aberrant and beautiful forms of Jo, but also one of the rarest.— Anthony. 5. I. turrita, ANTHONY. To turrita, ANTHONY, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., Feb., 1860, p. 69. BINNEY, Check List, No. 405. REEVE, Monog. Io, t. 3, f. 19a. Description.— Shell conic, elevated, horn-colored, spinous; spines rather short and heavy, about seven on each whorl; whorls nine; aperture pyriform, about one-third the length of the shell, and irreg- ularly banded within; columella rounded, slightly twisted and forming a short, narrow canal at base. Habitat.— Tennessee. Length of shell, 24 inches; breadth of shell, # inch. Length of aperture, % inch; breadth of aperture, 7-16 of an inch. Observations.— This is the most slender and , elongate species of this genus which has come under my notice, and although a single specimen only has yet been discovered, its claims to rank as a species will hardly be questioned; its long, slender form, stout, closely-set spines, and small aperture will at once distinguish it from its congeners; two faint bands traverse each whorl, one of which lies precisely in the plane of the spines; lines of growth very distinct, nearly varicose. This species is farther removed from Jo fluvialis than any of the others, and appears to be very distinct. Mr. Reeve’s figure 196, of which I have seen the original soecimen, I would refer to spinosa rather than turrita. Numerous speci- mens occur in the collection of Mr. Lea, who is well assured, also, of its specific weight. The illustration is from the type specimen. 12 LAND AND FRESH-WATER SHELLS OF N. A. [PART IV. SPURIOUS SPECIES. Io nodosa, Lea. fo robusta, Lea. fo variabilis, Lea. fo Spillmanii, Lea. to modesta, Lea. fo viridula, Lea. fo gracilis, Lea, Jo nobilis, Lea. PLEUROCERA. Mr. Lea proposes to consider the above a distinct group of Jo, but I cannot distinguish them from Pleurocera. The longer fuse, together with the sharp lip and fragile texture of most of the shells, shows them to be immature, and indeed, as already stated, I have had no difficulty in several instances in identifying them with species of Pleurocera, by the compar- ison of specimens in various stages of growth. Besides the above, numerous species of Angitrema, etce., have been referred to Jo by European authors. Genus ANGITREMA, Hatpeman. Angitrema, HALDEMAN, Cover of No. 2, Monog. Limniades, Jan., 1841. Potadoma (sp.), Swainson, H. & A. ADams, Genera, i, p. 299, 1854. Glotella, GRAY, Zool. Proc., pt. 15, p. 154, 1847. Jo (sp.), Lea, H. & A. Apams, Genera, i, p. 299, 1854. CHrNu, Man. Conchyl., i, p. 290, 1859. Reeve, Monog. Io, April, 1860. Brot, Syst. Cat. Mel., p. 29, 1862. Lithasia (sp.), Haldeman, H. & A. Adams, Genera of Recent Mollusca, i, p. 308, 1854. Anculotus (sp.), Say, Jay, Cat. Shells, 4th edit., p. 276, 1850. Melania (sp.), AUTHORS. ; Juga (sp.), CHENU, Man. de Conchyl. Description.—Shell spinous; aperture subrhomboidal, with an anterior sinus; columella with a callous deposit anteriorly and posteriorly. — Hald. Geographical Distribution. — With two exceptions, the typical species of this genus are contined in their geographical range ANGITREMA. 13 to Tennessee and Northern Alabama. These exceptions are A. verrucosa and armigera, both of which extend northward into Indiana, inhabiting the Wabash River.* Unlike the species of Pleurocera, those of this genus are with one or two exceptions well defined and easily distinguishable one from another. SYNOPSIS OF THE SPECIES OF ANGITREMA. A. Body-whorl with a coronal of tubercles, with frequently an inferior row revolving parallel with it. 1. A. geniculata, Haun. 3. A. subglobosa, LEA. 2. A. salebrosa, CONR. 4. A. Tuomeyi, LEA. B. Body-whorl encircled above the aperture by two rows of tubercles, of which the inferior one is the more prominent. 5. A. Jayana, Lea. C. Body-whorl with a central row of tubercles. 6. A. rota, REEVE. 9. A. Wheatleyi, TRYON. 7. A. armigera, Say. 10. A. stygia, Say. 8. A. Duttoniana, LRa. D. Body-whorl with numerous tubercles, in parallel rows. 11. A. lima, CONR. 12. A. verrucosa, RAF. A. Body-whorl with a coronal of tubercles. 1. A. geniculata, HaLpEMan. Lithasia geniculata, HALDEMAN, Suppl. to No. 1, Monog. of Limniades, Oct., 1840. Binney, Check List, No. 299. Anculotus geniculatus, Haldeman, JAY, Cat. Shells, 4th edit., p. 276. HANLEY, Conch. Misc., t.5, f.41. REEVE, Monog. Anculotus, t. 1, f. 7. Leptoxis geniculata, Haldeman, BROT, List, p. 24. Lithasia genicula, Lea, WHEATLEY, Cat. Shells U.S., p.28. ADAMS, Genera, i, 308, *It is a curious fact that many of the tuberculate and plicate species of Strepomatide inhabit the Wabash, so far north of their geographical centre. Mr. Lea informs me that the same curious distribution prevails with certain southern species of Unionidae. 14 LAND AND FRESH-WATER SHELLS OF N. A. [PART IV. Description. — Shell short and ponderous; body-whorl crowned Fig. 43. Fig. 44. with a row of conical tubercles; labium with a callus above and below; aperture elliptic, with a sinus at each extremity. Length, # inch. Habitat.— East Tennessee. Observations.— Differs from Melania salebrosa, Conrad, in having but a single row of tubercles, and a more abrupt shoulder.— Haldeman. Generally but one row of tubercles is developed on this species, but occasionally a second and less prominent row is visible. The whorls are more shouldered, and the tubercles larger and less numerous than in Z. salebrosa, Conrad. In general form it approaches L. Tuomeyi, Lea. It is the largest and most ponderous species of the genus. Mr. Lea considers geniculata to be the same as salebrosa. 2. A. salebrosa, Conrap. Melania salebrosa, CONRAD, New Fresh-Water Shells, p..51, t. 4, f. 5, 1834. CHENU, Reprint, p. 24, t.4, f. 13. DEKAy, Moll. N. Y., p. 100. WHEATLEY, Cat. Shells U.S., p.25. JAY, Cat., 4th edit., p. 274. Anculotus salebrosus, Conrad, REEVE, Monog. Anc., t. 1, f.6 (bad figure). Leptoxis salebrosa, Conrad, Brot, List, p. 25. 5 Lithasia salebrosa, Conrad, BINNEY, Check List, No. 303. ADAMS, Genera, i, 308. Description.— Shell short suboval; thick, ventricose, with a series of very elevated nodes on the shoulder of the body-whorl, and generally two series of smaller Fig. 46. nodes beneath; spire very short; apex much eroded; aperture about half the length of the shell, contracted; within purplish; columella with a callus above, and another near the base. Observations.—This singular shell approaches the genus Anculotus in ANGITREMA. pelle form, but the aperture is that of a Melania. I found it adhering to logs in the Tennessee River, at Florence, where it is abundant. My friend, Wm. Hodgson, Jr., found it also in the Holston River, in Tennessee.— Conrad. This species is allied to No 1, but may be distinguished by its smaller size and much smaller shoulder, by its crowded tubercles, and by the constant presence of one or more inferior rows. On the other hand it is closely allied with L. subglobosa, Lea. Like the former, it is a very abundant species. I think thg locality in East Tennessee, quoted by Mr. Conrad, an error. 3. A. subglobosa, Lra. Lithasia subglobosa, LEA, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., p. 55, Feb., 1861. Jour. Acad. Nat Sci., v, pt. 3, p. 261, t. 35, f. 70. Obs., ix, p. 83. Description.— Shell tuberculate, subglobose, thick, yellowish horn- color, double-banded; spire scarcely exserted; Fie.47. Fig. 48. sutures impressed; whorls five, the last very gi gn) large, towards the shoulder tuberculate; aper- Liye ture large, rhomboidal, within white and double- banded, channelled at the base; columella very much thickened above and below; outer lip expanded, acute at the margin. Operculum rather small, very dark brown, subovate, with the polar point within the lower left edge. Habitat.— Tennessee; Prof. G. Troost. Diameter, °48; length, °60 inch. Observations.— Two specimens of this remarkably globose species have been in my possession for a long time. I had doubts of their being only the young of Melania (Lithasia) salebrosa, Conr., but they are so different from any young of that species which I have seen that I cannot now doubt their being entirely distinct. I know of no species which has so obtuse a spire. In this it resembles Anculosa, but the well characterized columella forbids its being at all confounded with any species of that genus. The callus above and below is unus- ually strong ; below it amounts almost toafold. One of the specimens is full grown, and has five turbercles on the shoulder of the outer half of the last whorl, and near the edge there are three above those five. The smaller one is little more than half grown, and has not as yet formed any tubercles. The two broad bands are below the row of 16). LAND AND FRESH-WATER SHELLS OF N. A. [PART IY. tubercles. The last whorl is so large that it nearly covers all the others, leaving merely a point to mark the vertex. The two bands are well pronounced interiorly as well as exteriorly.— Lea. Over fifty specimens of this species are before me. They are closely allied to salebrosa, but uniformly much smaller, and generally wider. Besides, the spire is shorter, and but very few of them exhibit a slight tendency towards tuberculation below the upper row. The whorls are not shouldered except in very old individuals. A very constant character of the species consists in the two broad, revolving bands of brown ; a few specimens, however, have instead four narrow bands approximating in pairs, and two or three are of uniform color, without bands. The young differ much from the adult shells in appearance. 4. A. Tuomeyi, Lea. Lithasia Tuomeyi, LEA, Proc. Acad. Nat. S-i., p.55, Feb., 1861. Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci., v, pt. 3; \t-.35. f. 68. ‘Obs, ix, p.8". Anculotus Florentianus, Lea, REEVE, Monog. Anc.., t. 1, f. 4. Description.— Shell tuberculate, much inflated, rather thick, dark horn-color, spire obtusely conoidal; sutures impressed; whorls five, the last large, below the sutures obliquely tuberculate ; aperture large, rhomboidal, whitish within, obscurely banded, channelled at the base; columella very much incurved, thickened above and below; outer lip ex- panded, acute at the margin. Habitat.— North Alabama; Prof. Tuomey. Diameter, ‘64; length, 1:04 inches. Observations.— A single specimen only was sent to me by Prof. Tuomey. It was with ZL. imperialis, herein described. Being 1:04 inches in length and ‘64 in diameter, it will be seen that the proportions differ very much from that species. It cannot be con- founded with Lithasia semigranulosa, for that species is always more raised in the spire and studded with numerous rather small tubercles. It is more closely allied to Lithasia salebrosa, Conr.,* but that species has a lower spire, has larger and usually more tubercles, and these, *Mr. Lea considers ZL. sal/ebrosa and L. aeniculata dentical. It is with the latter spe- cies that the comparison is intended to be made, ANGITREMA. a if not vertical, incline to the left, while those on Tuomeyi are irreg- ular and incline very much to the right, the number on the specimen before me being five on half of the last whorl. It is closely allied to Lithasia Florentiana, nobis, but differs much in the tubercles, in being a heavier shell, less acuminate, in being thicker on the columella and open in the channel. The Yuomeyt is much thicker above and below on the columella, has the obscure band within, and the outer lip is thickened and white inside the edge. This species and imperialis were accompanied by many specimens of semigranulosa and Florentiana. The exact habitat was not men- tioned. I have peculiar pleasure in dedicating this species to my friend, the late Professor Tuomey, whose able report on the geology of South Carolina and Alabama has justly gained him so much repu- tation.— Lea. B. Body-whorl encircled above the aperture by two rows of tubercles, of which the inferior one is most prominent. 5. A. Jayana, Lea. Melania Jayana, LEA, Philos. Proc., ii, p.83. Philos. Trans., ix, p. 20. Obs., iv, p.20. WHEATLEY, Cat. Shells U.S., p.25, Jay, Cat. Shells, 4th edit., p. 274, BINNEY, Check List, No. 154. fo Jayana, Lea, Brot, List, p.29, Mal. Blatt., v, 115, 1860. Melania robulina, ANTHONY, Bost. Proc., iii, p. 263, Dec. 1850. BINNEY, Check List, No. 230. Jo robulina, Anthony, REEVE, Monog. Io, sp. 15. CHENU, Man. Conchyl., i, f. 1976, Description.— Shell tuberculate, subfusiform, thick, pale horn-color; spire exserted; sutures linear Fig. 51. and curved, whorls rather convex; impressed in the middle, surrounded by a double series of tubercles; columella incurved, thickened above; aperture trapezoidal, whitish within. Habitat.— Caney Fork, De- Kalb county, Tennessee. Diameter, *78; length, 1-20 inches. Observations.— Dr. Jay had two specimens of this species, and I owe to his kindness the possession of one of them. It very closely L. F. W. 8. 1V. 2 18 LAND AND FRESH-WATER SHELLS OF N. A. [PART Iv. resembles the M. armigera (Say), in most of its characters, but may at once be distinguished by the double row of tubercles, the armigera never possessing distinctly more than one row; below the sutures, however, there are sometimes imperfect tubercles, which are caused by the protrusion of the tubercles of the superior whorl. This protrusion also takes place in the Jayana, but causes in it only a constant curvature in the linear suture. The apex of the specimen is much eroded, and consequently I am not sure of the number of the whorls, probably eight or nine. The aperture may be rather more than one-third the length of the shell, and is acutely angular at the base, with rather a deep sinus. The callus above causes a considerable sinus there. The operculum is dark brown, the radii converging at the lower interior edge.—Lea. This shell and Mr. Anthony’s MW. robulina are entirely iden- tical in every respect, the species being a very constant one in all its characters, as I am unable to select from a considerable number of specimens any which exhibit variations from the, type form. It is an exceedingly abundant species, and: very remarkable for its peculiar armature and the narrowed canal, suggestive of the genus Jo. The following is the description of Melania robulina. —Shell solid, ovately rhomboidal, corneous, encircled with brown bands; whorls six, bearing a double series of nodules, the upper cne immersed in the suture; aperture rhomboidal produced into a rostrum, callous behind. Hlabitut.— Cumberland River, Tennessee. Long. 1; lat. 5-8 poll. Observations.—Of the same size as MW. armigera, Say, but differs in coloration; the rostrum is much longer, and the posterior series of tubercles much more developed.— Anthony. ANGITREMA. 19 C. Body-whorl with a central row of tubercles. 6. A. rota, REEVE. Io rota, REEVE, Monog. [o, sp. 13, April, 1850. Brot, List, p. 29. Description.— Shell globosely turreted, thick, ponderous, yellowish, encircled at the base by a brown band, olive; whorls few, rudely con- cavely sloping, faintly striated, encircled round the periphery with large, obliquely compressed tubercles; columella short, but little twisted. Habitat.— United States. Observations.— A solid, globosely turreted shell, prominently armed with tubercles, which are compressed obliquely into fans, like the fans of a water-wheel.— feeve. The figure is copied from Reeve. I have never seen this species, the type of which was in the collection of the late Hugh Cuming, Esq., London; it may be only a remarkable specimen of A. Juyana, Lea. 7. A. armigera, Say. Melania armigera, SAY, Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci., Ist ser., ii, p. 178, Jan., 1821 BINNEY’S BINNEY, Check List, No.21. DEKAY, MoH.N. Y., p.93. JAY, Reprint, p. 71. Cat., 4th edit., p. 272. Troost, Cat. HANLEY, Conch. Misc. Melania, t. 7, f. 60. Low, Conch. Nomence., p. 185. Io armigera, Say, REEVE, Moneg. Io, f.11. ADAMS, Genera, i, 299. WHEATLEY, Cat. Shells U.S., p.24. Cart- Description.— Shell tapering, brownish horn-color; volutions about Fig. 53a. subsutural series Fig. 53. six, slightly wrinkled; spire near the apex eroded, whitish; body- whorl with a revolving series of about five or six distant, prom- inent tubercles, which become obsolete on the spire, and are concealed by the revolution of » the succeeding whorls, in con- sequence of which arrangement there is the appearance of .a sec- ond, smaller, and more obtuse of tubercles on the body-whorl; two or three obso- 20 LAND AND FRESH-WATER SHELLS OF N. A. [PART IV. lete revolving reddish-brown lines; aperture bluish-white within; a distinct sinus at the base of the columella. Habitat.—Ohio River. Length about one inch. Distinguished from other North American species, by the armature of tubercles.— Say. . This beautiful and extensively distributed species is allied only to L. Duttoniana, Lea (for distinctive characters see description of that species) ; from all others it is very distinct. Besides the original locality, Jay and Troost give Tennessee, and Mr. Wheatley, Kentucky, as its habitat. I have before me a series of the young shells presented to the Philad. Acad. Nat. Sciences, by Mrs. Say, which were collected in the Wabash River, Ind. This shell Prof. Haldeman has made the type of his subgenus Angitrema. He has also (Icon. Encyce., ii, p. 84) referred it to Rafinesque’s genus Plewrocera. 8. A. Duttoniana, Lra. Melania Duttoniana, LEA, Philos. Proc., ii, p.15. Philos. Trans., viii, p. 189, t. 6, f. 54. Obs., iii, p.26. CATLOW, Conch. Nomenc., p. 186. BINNEY, Check List, No. 92. JAY, Cat. 4th edit., p. 273. Io Duttoniana, Lea, REEVE, Monog. Io, f. 9. Brot, List, p. 29. CHENU, Man. Conchyl., i, f. 1974. To fasciolata, REEVE, Monog. Io, f. 14. Description.— Shell tuberculate, fusiform, rather thick, yellowish, banded; spire elevated, pointed at the apex; Fig. 54. Fig. 54a. sutures irregularly lined; whorls seven, depressed above; aperture elongated, angu- lar and channelled at the base, within whitish. Habitat.— Waters of Tenn. Duck River, Maury Co., Tenn. Diameter, 57; length, 1-09 inches. Observations.— This is a beautiful species. The most perfect specimens are remarkable for their fusiform shape and their long aperture, which presents a curved columella and extended sinus somewhat like the genus fo. The bands in some individuals are numerous and distinct, the largest being nearest the base. The tubercles form a row round the middle of the whorls of ANGITREMA. AL most specimens, but in some, though rarely, this part is carinate or rounded. Some are slightly tuberculated below the suture. Among the young specimens some are costate near the apex, others entirely smooth and without bands. I owe the fine specimen figured to Mr: Dutton, after whom I name it.— Lea. This species is smaller and more fragile than L. armigera. It is also elegantly banded, which is more rarely the case with armi- gera; and it differs also in having smaller, frequently obsolete tubercles, and in the aperture being much less channelled. I do not hesitate in agreeing with M. Brot in considering fasciolata, Reeve, as a synonyme. The original description and copy of Reeve’s figure are given below. Fig. 55. Jo fasciolata.— Shell shortly fusiform, yellowish- green, encircled with narrow bands of olive, whorls 5 to 6, convexly sloping, the first smooth, the last gibbously angled, tubercled at the periphery, tuber- cles distant; aperture diamond-shaped, scarcely channelled. Habitat.— United States. Observations.— Closely allied to LZ. Duttoniana, but less channelled, and more widely apertured, owing to the more gibbously angled cir- cumference of the last whorl.— Reeve. 9. A. Wheatleyi, Trron. Angitrema Wheatleyi, TRYON, Am. Journal of Conchol., vol. ii, p. 4, t. 2, f. 1, 1866. Description.— Shell conoidal, inflated, rather thin; spire conical, sharp pointed, suture not much impressed; whorls about six, those of the spire flattened, the body-whor)] large, rather Fig. 56, flattened above the somewhat angled periphery, con- vex below, and somewhat attenuate at the base; the periphery is ornamented with a single prominent row of slightly compressed tubercles, and above is rugosely wrinkled, with a tendency towards tuberculation; aper- ture large, subrhomboidal, half the length of the shell, somewhat attenuate below, columella nearly perpen- dicular, a little twisted. Bright horn-color, with four broad, equi- distant brown bands. Habitat.— Elk River, at Winchester, Tenn. Diameter, 16 mill.; length, 25 mill. 22 LAND AND FRESH-WATER SHELLS OF N. A. [PART 1V. Observations.— This species is much more inflated, and has more numerous tubercles than A. Duttoniana, Lea; it is in appearance more like an obese variety of A. verrucosa, Raf., but that species is heavier in texture, and has several rows of tubercles. The well- developed tubercles and inferiorly contracted aperture will readily distinguish this species from Lithasia fuliginosa, Lea.— Tryon. 10. A. stygia, Say. Melania stygia, SAY,.New Harmony Dissem., p. 261, Aug..28. 1829; reprint, p. 17. BINNEY’sS Reprint, p. 142. BINNEY, Check List, No. 251. WHEATLEY, Cat. Shells U. S., p. 27. JAY, Cat., 4th edit., p. 275. DEKay, Moll. N. Y., p. 93 REEVE, Monog. Mel., sp. 400. Brot, List, p. 40. Melania tuberculata, LEA, Philos. Trans., iv, ). 101, t. 15, f. 31. Obs., 1, p. 111. DEKAY, Moll. N.Y., p. 93. WHEATLEY, Cat. Shells U.S., p.27. BINNEY, Check List, No.277. JAy, Cat., 4th edit., p. 275. CarLtow, Conch. Nomenc., p. 189. Juga tuberculata, Lea, CHENU, Man..Conchyl., i, f. 2017.. Melania Spixiana, LEA, Philos. Trans., vi, p. 93. Qbs., v, p. 98. Melania nodata, REEVE, Monog. Mel., fig. 422. To tuberculata, ADAMS, Genera, i, 299. Description.— Shell robust, ovate eonic, black; spire rather larger than the aperture, eroded at tip; volutions five, hardly convex; wrinkles obsolete, excepting a few larger ones; suture not profoundly indented; aperture narrowed at base into a slight sinus and suban- gulated; much wider in the middle; labrum much ar- Fig. 57. cuated in the middle. Greatest breadth, less than half an inch, length, three- fourths. Observations.— A specimen of this shell was given to me by Mr. Lesueur; several were found in Cumberland River by Dr. Troost. In form it resembles armigera, nob., more than any other species, but that shell is armed with tubercles and ornamented’ by colored lines, its suture also is only a simple line.— Say. The following is Mr. Lea’s description of — To tuberculata:—Shell obtusely turreted, wide, very dark brown or black; apex obtuse; whorls, five ;;middle of the last whorl furnished with tubercles; outer lip irregularly curved; base angulated; aperture purple and one-half the length of the shell. Habitat.— Tennessee River; Prof. Vanuxem. Diameter, °5; length, ‘9 of an:inch. Observations.— This species is somewhat. allied to the JL. armigera ANGITREMA. 23 (Say), but is smaller and much less ponderous. The tubercles are more numerous and less elevated. In the tuberculata the impressed band, which exists in the armigera above the armature, is wanting. In color it differs altogether.—Lea In Phil. Trans., vi, p. 82, Mr. Lea changed the name of his species, as the original name was preoccupied by Spix. He therefore proposed, instead of tuberculata, the name Spixiana. Mr. Reeve, finding tuberculata preoccupied by Spix, and not hav- ing seen Mr. Lea’s change of name, proposed nodata. These names must all yield, however, to Say’s stygia, which is the first published description of the species. My. Say himself (cover of Conchology, No. 6) decided Mr. Lea’s species to be a synonyme—an opinion in which he has been sustained by several of our conchologists. Through the kindness of Mr. Lea I have been permitted to examine a number of specimens in his cabinet. They exhibit every gradation, from a smooth to a tuberculate surface. D. Body-whorl with numerous tubercles, in parallel rows. ll. A. lima, Conrap. Melania lima, CONRAD, New Fresh-Water Shells, p. 54, t. 8, f. 8, 1834. CHENU, Re- print. DEKAy, Moll. N. Y., p. 97. WHEATLEY, Cat. Shells U. S., p. 26. Jay, Cat., 4th edit., p. 274. CaTLOw, Conch. Nomenc., p. 187. Brom, List, p. 33, MULLER, Synopsis, p. 46. Anculotus lima, Conrad, REEVE, Monog. Anc., t. 1, f. 1. Lithasia lima, Conrad, BINNEY, Check Listy No. 300. Megara lima, Conrad, ADAMS, Genera, i, 306. Description.— Shell conic, or subfusiform; with approximate nodu- lous, spiral lines of unequal size; body-whorl angulated ; Fig. 58 angle with a series of prominent tubercles; base with two lines, the superior one nodulous; aperture nearly half the length of the shell, contracted, and acutely an- gular above, and obtusely pointed at base; labrum very thin; color olive; within with purple bands. Observations.— A fine species, easily recognized by its numerous tubercles, and ventricose form. Inhabits Elk River, Alabama, adhering to stones, and is a common species.— Conrad. Distinguished from Z. verrucosa, Raf. (nupera, Say), by its 24 LAND AND FRESH-WATER SHELLS OF N. A. [PART IV. angulated body-whorl, conical spire, acute apex, and by the irregularity in the size of its tubercles. Mr. Reeve originally described this species as nupera, and vice versa, but subsequently corrected the error. It occurs also in Tennessee River. 12. A. verrucosa, RAFINESQUE. Pleurocera verrucosa, RAFINESQUE, Annals of Nature, p. 11, 1820. Melania nupera, SAY, New Harmony Dissem., p.260. Amer. Conch., pt. 1, t.8, f. 1,2. BINNEY’S Reprint, p. 157, t. 8. CHENU’S Reprint, p. 16, t. 2, f. 3. DEKAY, Moll. N. Y., p. 97. WHEATLEY, Cat. Shells U.S., p.26. Brot, List, p.40, Jay, Cat. Shells, 4th edit., p. 274. Description.— Ellipsoidal, top very obtuse, base of the opening ob- tuse, inside lip thickly plaited; four spires, the last two flattened, Fig. 60. Fig. 61. Fig. 62. Fig. 63. the other large, with several rows of warts; back of the opening wrinkled; color olivaceous-brown, opening whitish. Habitat.— The lower parts of the Ohio. Length, about two-thirds of an inch, not quite double the breadth.— Rafinesque. With no disposition to give place to the description of Mr- Rafinesque, at the expense of naturalists of honesty and repu- tation, I am still constrained, in this instance, to quote his name for the shell that is so well known amongst us as Mr. Say’s nupera. Indeed, I cannot find any description of a species of shell, by Rafinesque, which indicates so unmistakably the shell intended by him, as does the one here quoted. It may be mentioned, not as proof in itself, but merely as col- lateral evidence of the correctness of my views of this species, that in a manuscript by Rafinesque, entitled ‘Conchologia Ohioensis,” belonging to the Smithsonian Institution, a rough ANGITREMA. 25 pen sketch of Plewrocera verrucosa is given, which is a very good representation of Mr. Say’s nupera. The description of the latter species is as follows :— Melania nupera.— Shell oblong suboval; volutions five, slightly rounded; body-whorl with about three revolving series of subequal, equidistant granules or tubercles, not higher than wide, occupying the superior portion of the surface; second volution with but two series ; remaining volutions with slightly elevated, longitudinal lines instead of tubercles, often obsolete; spire decorticated towards the tip; suture not deeply impressed; aperture longer or as long as the spire; sinus of the superior angle profound; labium concave, with a callus near the superior angle; columella with a slight, obtuse, hardly prominent angle above the incipient sinus, which is obvious; labrum not abbreviated above, nor much produced near the_base. Observations.— This species is common in the Wabash River; the spire is almost invariably so much decorticated that no trace of the longitudinal lines remains; in the young only are the lines dis- tinct, and even in these they are sometimes obsolete or altogether wanting. It varies in the number of its series of tubercles, some specimens having but one, and others, though these are rare, as ‘many as five or six.— Say. Melania Holstonia.—Shell grained, conical, somewhat thick, black; spire somewhat elevated; sutures impressed; whorls flat- Fig. 64. tened above; aperture ovate, purple. : Habitat.— Holston River, Tennessee. Diameter, °38; length, -79 of an inch. Observations.— A very distinct species with four series of Re small, rather sharp elevations round the whorls, the two in- ferior ones rather indistinct. Only two specimens have come under my notice, and both have the apex decollated.—Lea. The figure of Holstonia is copied from Mr. Lea’s plate. The locality of ‘‘ Holston River, Tenn.,” may well be doubted. The species is a very common one in North Alabama, and exhibits considerable variation in size and proportions. A specimen in Coll. Haldeman is labelled ‘* Nashville.” As for Deshayes’ Melanopsis semigranulosa, its identity is proved by his quotation of Mr. Say’s species as a synonyme, in his desci#ption. Say published in 1829, Deshayes in 1830. It therefore appears that the great French naturalist, upon 26 LAND AND FRESH-WATER SHELLS OF N. A. [PART IV. removing the species to the genus Melanopsis, seized the occasion to deprive Mr. Say of his species, a meanness that has unfor- tunately found many advocates amongst naturalists (?) whose sole ambition appears to be, to write ‘‘nobis” as frequently as possible. But, like M. Deshayes, these gentlemen, although sometimes successful for a period, will all eventually find themselves quoted where they have placed the authors they have endeavored to despoil,—among the synonymes. Subgenus LITHASIA, Harpeman. Lithasia, HALDEMAN, Supplement to Monog. Limniades, No. 1, Oct. 1840. Binney, Check List of Fluviatile Univalve Shells, June, 1860. La, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., p. 54, Feb. 1861. Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci., v, pp. 258 and 354, March, 1863. Observations, ix, pp. 80 and 176, March, 1863. Lithasia, Haldeman (part.), H. & A. Apams, Genera, i, p. 308, Feb., 1864. Lithasia, Lea, 1845, CHENu, Man. Conchyl., i, p. 296, 1859. Megara (part.), ADAMS, Genera, i, p. 306, Feb., 1854. Anculotus (sp.), Say, Gray, Genera, Zool. Proc., pt. 15, p. 153, 1847. REEVE, Monog., April, 1860. Anculosa (sp.), Say, AUCT. Melania (sp.), AUCT. Description.—Shell ovately fusiform or oval, small, smooth. Aperture not so distinctly channelled in front as in the typical Angitreme. Columella with an anterior and posterior callous deposit. . Geographical Distribution.— Like the typical species, we find the Lithasie inhabiting principally the waters of Tennessee and North Alabama; but one of the species is completely separated from the geographical area of the group, its habita- tion being confined to the Ohio River and tributaries. This shell, L. obovata, is somewhat removed from the general type, but is connected with it, by Z. undosa, a Kentucky species. Another allied shell, Z. consanguinea, has heretofore been found in Indiana only. LITHASIA. 27 SYNOPSIS OF SPECIES. A. Sheil large. ovate, inflated. . FULIGINOSA, Lea, Reeve, sp. 401. . FLORENTIANA, Lea. Not of Reeve, Anculotus, fig. 4. - VENUSTA, Lea. - DILATATA, Lea. IMPERIALIS, Lea. ot go No Hee ed B. Shell small, compact, oval-elliptical, thick. . VITTATA, Lea. . SHOWALTERH, Lea, Reeve, Melania, fig. 421. . NUCLEOLA, Anthony, Reeve, Melania, fig. 348. . OBOVATA, Say, Reeve, Anculotus, fig. 21. LZ. Hildrethiana, Lea, L. undosa, Anthony, Reeve, Melania, fig. 447. L. rarinodosa, Anthony (Manuscript), Reeve, Melania, fig. 268. L. consangwinea, Anthony, Reeve, Aneculotus, fig. 2. SOE Cy Fel Leste feat C. Shell obliquely flattened. 10. L. compacta, Anthony, Reeve, Melania, fig. 343. 11. L. NucutEA, Lea, Reeve, Melania, fig. 423. D. Shell subcylindrical. 12. L. Brevis, Lea, Reeve, Melania, fig. 344. LZ. solida, Lea, non Reeve, Melania, fig. 454. 13. L. FUSIFORMIS, Lea. 14, L. Downiret, Lea. A. Shell large, ovate, inflated. 1. L. fuliginosa, Lea. Melania fuliginosa, LEA, Philos. Proc. Philos. Trans., viii, p. 170, t. 5, f.17. Obs., iii, p.8. DEKAy, Moll. N. Y., p. 94. Troost, Cat. WHEATLEY, Cat. Shells U.S., p.25. BINNEY, Check List, No. 113. CaTLow, Conch. Nomenc., p. 186. Brot, List, p.40. REEVE, Monog. Melania, sp. 401. Leptoxis fuliginosa, Lea, ADAMS, Genera, i, p. 307. Description. —Shell smooth, fusiform, somewhat inflated, rather thick, dark brown; spire obtuse; sutures impressed; whorls six, somewhat convex; aperture large, at the base angular and channelled. Habitat.— Big Bigby Creek, Maury Co., Tenn. Diameter, °50; length, -85 of an inch. Observations.— In general form this species resembles the M. Duttoniana(nobis), but differs in being less elevated in the spire, in being without tubercles, and of a very dark color; the substance of the shell is disposed to be purple. The epidermis is thick and very dark. Mr. Dutton found it rare.— Lea. 28 LAND AND FRESH-WATER SHELLS OF N. A. [PART IV. I was at first disposed to consider this the same as L. Flo- rentiana, Lea; but it appears to be always colored differently, being darker, with, generally, broad brown bands, and some- times the general surface is brilliant green ornamented with the bands, while Florentiana is of uniform color. This species also differs from Florentiana in being more inflated. 2. L. Florentiana, Lea. Melania Florentiana, LEA, Philos. Proc. Philos. Trans., viii, p. 188, t.6, f.53. Obs., iii, p. 26. DEKAyY, Moll. N. Y., p. 99. WHEATLEY, Cat. Shells U. S., p. 25. BINNEY, Check List, No. 110. CArLow, Conch. Nomenc., p. 186. Brov, List, p. 40. Jo Fiorentiana, Lea, H. & A. ADAMS, Genera, i, p. 299. Description.— Shell tuberculate, elliptical, ponderous, pale; spire obtuse; sutures impressed; whorls six, slightly convex; aperture elongated, whitish. Habitat.— Tennessee River, Florence, Alabama. Diameter, -47; length, *87 of an inch. Observations. — An elliptical species resembling the olivula, Conrad. Its aperture is so much elongated as to be more than half the length of the shell. Three of the specimens are without bands, a fourth has several very indistinct ones. The whorls are somewhat flattened on the superior part and are disposed to be tuberculated below the sutures. In the young the tubercles are more distinct. In some of the adult speci- mens they are entirely wanting.—Lea. This species is well represented now, in our cabinets, and very seldom exhibits the tuberculation which appears to have faintly characterized Mr. Lea’s first specimens. Reeve’s fig. 4, of Anculosa Florentiana, more properly represents L. Tuomeyi, Lea. 3. L. venusta, Lea. Melania venusta, LEA, Philos. Proc. Trans., viii, p. 187, t. 6, f.52. Obs., iii, p. 25. DEKayY, Moll. N. Y., p.99. Jay, Cat. 4th edit., p.275. Troost, Cat. WHEAT. LEY, Cat. Shells U.S., p.27. BINNEY, Check List, No. 285. CArLOw, Conch. Nomenc., p. 189. Brow, List, p. 40. REEVE, Monog. Melania, sp. 315. Description.— Shell disposed to be tuberculate, fusiform, some- what thin, yellowish above; spire rather obtuse; sutures roughly impressed; whorls six, convex; aperture elongated, at the base angu- jated and channelled, within whitish. Habitat.— Tennessee. LITHASIA. 29 Diameter, -43; length, -80 of an inch. Observations.— Dr. Troost sent me a single specimen of this species which is very distinct, the columella is very much thick- ened, particularly above, in which it resembles the genus Melanopsis. The aperture is rather more than half the length of the shell. In this specimen a single obscure ‘band may be observed within, close to the base of the columella.— Lea. This species is more narrowly cylindrical than LI. Florentiana; besides, it is lighter colored, heavier in tex- ture, with the two deposits of callus on the columella more prominent and the canal narrower and better developed. It is a rather rare species. 4. L. dilatata, Lea. Lithasia dilatata, LEA, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., p.55, 1861. Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci., v, pt. 3, p. 260, t. 35, f.69. Obs., ix, p. 82. Description.— Shell smooth, subglobose, rather thick, grayish-green, yellowish below the sutures, obscurely banded; spire obtusely conical ; Fig.cs, Sutures irregularly impressed; whorls five, the last one large and ventricose; aperture large, subrhomboidal, brownish within and angular at the base; columella thick- ened above and below, incurved; outer lip sharp and much dilated. Habitat.— Tennessee; Dr. Troost. Diameter, -45; length, -73 of an inch. Observations. — This is a well-characterized species, nearly allied to two species which I described Some years since, before Lithasia was established, under the names of Melania Florentiana and M. venusta, both of which must be removed to the well recognized genus Lithasia. It is nearest to the former, but is more globose, more glaucous and darker inside, and has a larger callus above. The bands on this species are very obscure, and are, indeed, simply the general colcr interrupted by light, transverse, fine lines. On the upper part of the body-whorl there are several low tubercles, which may not be found in all the individuals of this species. The callus above is tinted with brown. The outer lip is bordered with white. The length of the best specimen is nearly three-quarters of an inch, and the aperture is more than half the length of the shell. — Lea The type of Mr. Lea’s description I have figured. It is, I 30 LAND AND FRESH-WATER SHELLS OF N. A. [PART IV, think, a good species, although very close to L. fuliginosa. It appears to be a more solid shell than that species, however, and the aperture is narrower below, with a more distinct fuse. 5. L. imperialis, Lea. Lithasia imperialis, LEA, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., p. 55, 1851. Jour. Acad. Nat. Scu., - V, pt. 3, p. 258, t. 35, f. 67. Obs., ix, p. 80. Description.— Shell tuberculate, fusiform, rather thick, dark horn- color; spire raised, conoidal; sutures irregularly and much impressed; whorls six, the last rather large, irregularly tuberculate above, rather inflated; aperture rather small, elongately rhomboidal, whitish within, furnished with brown hair-like lines, channelled at the base and recurved; columella sigmoid, slightly thickened above; outer lip somewhat expanded, acute at the margin. Operculum rather small, very dark brown, rhom- boidal, with the polar point on the left edge near the base. Habitat.—North Alabama; Prof. Tuomey. Diameter, *70 of an inch; length, 1°55 inches. Observations.— This is much the largest Lithasia I have seen. Although several of the whorls of the vertex are eroded off, still it measures one and a half inches in length. A single specimen only was received, and this without the operculum. The tubercles are large and irregular, and not much raised. The capillary brown lines in the interior are numerous and rather obscure, but this may not be the case with more perfect specimens. They seem to replace the usual bands. They do not reach the edge, which is bordered with white. Below the sutures there is a stricture which nearly amounts toa furrow. It more nearly resembles Melania ( Litha- sia) Duttonia (nobis), than any other known species, but is a larger, more ponderous species, and has not the numerous small tubercles, nor the bands of that species. — Lea. B. Shell small, compact, oval-elliptical. 6. L. vittata, Lza. Lithasia vittata, LEA, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., p. 273, 1862. Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci., V, pt. 3, p. 354, t. 35, f. 67.- Obs., ix, p. 176. Description.— Shell smooth, cylindrical, rather thin, dark horn-color, LITHASIA. 31 four-banded; spire short, decollate; sutures irregularly impressed ; whorls flattened, the last very large; aperture large, rhomboidal, whitish within and much banded; outer lip acute; columella thickened, white, incurved. Operculum ovate, thin, light brown, with the polar point on the inner edge near to the base. Habitat. — Coosa and Cahawba Rivers, Alabama; E. R. Showalter. Diameter, ‘40; length, 88 ? of an inch. Observations. —This is a beautifully banded species, which is so near to brevis (nobis) in size and outline that I considered it at first as a strongly marked variety of that species. From examina- tion now of about a dozen specimens before me, sent by Dr. Showalter and Dr. Lewis, I am perfectly satisfied that this is a distinct species. All the specimens I have seen have four well expressed dark brown bands, which are strongly exhibited within. All the specimens are so much worn at the apex that it is impossible to say how many whorls they naturally have. There is a great difference in the form of the apertures of the specimens before me,—some have quite an angular base, while others are rounded almost like a Melania. ‘The aperture is probably two-thirds the length of the shell.— Lea. 7. L. Showalterii, Lea. Lithasia Showalterti LEA, Proc., Acad. Nat. Sci., p. 188, 1850. Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci., v, pt. 3, p. 262, t. 35, f. 72, Obs. ix, p. 84. Melania Showalierti, Lea, REEVE, Monog., sp. 423. Brot, List, p. 33. Description.— Shell smooth, ovately cylindrical, rather thick, yellow- ish horn-color, banded; spire obtusely conical; sutures very much impressed; whorls six, the last large and flattened; aperture large, subovate, elongate, whitish within, dark- banded, obtusely angular at the base, columella thickened above and below, incurved; outer lip acute and somewhat constricted. Habitat.— Cahawba River, at Centreville, Alabama; E. R. Showalter. Diameter, °88; length, ‘70 of an inch. Observations.— This species presents a number of varieties, but the character of the flattened enlarged side, frequently producing quite a large shoulder, is generally preserved. Sixteen out of nineteen spec- imens before me have very much the same character of bands, viz.: 32 LAND AND FRESH-WATER SHELLS OF N. A. [PART IV. three broad, nearly equal, distant, revolving ones. The other three lose all the yellowness of the epidermis, and present an intensely deep purplish brown hue inside and out. The largest of these three has a more constricted aperture than any of the others, and it has revolving strie more distinct towards the base, which I have not observed in the others. The aperture is also quite channelled below, which is indistinct in the others. Another of these three dark speci-_ mens has a higher spire and a shorter aperture, leaning towards the form of a Melania. The shoulder in many of the specimens is large and well pronounced, while in others it is small. The aperture is about two-thirds the length of the shell. This species reminds one, as to its outline, of Melania undosa, Anth., from Kentucky. It is, however, larger, more cylindrical and has the callus on the columella, which wndosa, of course, has not. Undosa is also much paler and has a higher spire. I have great pleasure in dedicating this species to Dr. Showalter, who is doing so much for the natural history of his adopted state.— Lea. This species resembles the preceding, but is less cylindrical, with the aperture wider, and the outer lip more curved. The spire is shorter and more rapidly acuminate. 8. L. nucleola, ANTHONY. Melania nucleola, ANTHONY, Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist., iii, p. 360, Dec., 1850. BIN- NEY, Check List, No. 181. Brot, List, p.40. REEVE, Monog., sp. 348. Description.— Shell small, thick, eroded, subglobose or subcylin- drical, smooth, greenish, encircled by two bands; whorls 2-3, ven- tricose, the last at length cylindrical; aperture semilunar; lip dilated in front, thickened behind; columella with a copious callous deposit. Habitat.— Tennessee. Longitude, 4; latitude, § of an inch. Observations.— This species, which resembles closely L. nuclea, Lea, may be distinguished by being rather larger; differently colored, being light brown; while nuclea has a tinge of green; by having two chestnut-colored bands in place of the four dark ones of Mr. Lea’s species; and by the columella being not so much thickened. It is a rare species, whilst nuclea appears to be rather an abundant one. Belongs to a group of solid, ellipsoidal species peculiar to the re- LITHASIA. 33 gion of Lower Tennessee and Alabama. It has a very sparing devel- opment of the spire, and a remarkable flattening about the middle of the last whorl.— Anthony. 9. L. obovata, Say. Melania obovata, SAY, New Harmony Dissem., No. 18, p. 276, Sept. 9, 1829; Reprint, p. 18, 1840. BINNEY’S Reprint, p. 143. DEKAY, Moll. N. Y., p. 98. WHEATLEY, Cat. Shells U.S., p.26. CATLOW, Conch. Nomenc., p. 188. JAY, Cat., 2d edit., p. 45. Anculotus obovatus, Say, JAY, Cat., 4th edit., p. 276. REEVE, Monog. Mel., f. 21. Leptoxis obovata, Say, HALD., Monog. Lept., p. 2, t. 1, f. 27-34. BINNEY, Check List, No. 374. Brot, List, p. 25. Lithasia obovata, Say, CHENU, Manuel, i, f. 2056-8. ADAMS, Genera, i, 308. Anculosa ohovata, Say, WHEATLEY, Cat. Shells U.S., p. 26. Melania Hildrethiana, LEA, Philos. Proc. Philos. Trans., viii, p. 164, t. 5, f. 1. Obs., iii, p. 2, t. 5, f. 1. DEKaAy, Moll. N. Y., p. 92. WHEATLEY, Cat. Shells U.S., p. 25. BINNEY, Check List, No. 138. CATLOW, Conch., Nomenc., p. 187. Leptoxis Hildrethiana, Lea, ADAMS, Genera, i, p. 307. Melania undosa, ANTHONY, Ann. N. Y., Lyc., vi, p. 124, t. 3, f. 25, March, 1854. BINNEY, Check List, No. 280. Brot, List, p.39. REEVE, Monog. Mel., sp. 447. Melania rarinodosa, Anthony, MSS., REEVE, Monog., sp. 268. Brot, List, p. 39. Melania consanguinea, ANTHONY, Ann. N.Y. Lyc., vi, p. 125, t. 3, f. 26, March, 1854. BINNEY, Check List, No. 66. BRort, List, p. 39. Anculotus consanguineus, Anthony, REEVE, Monog. Anc., sp. 2. Description.— Shell subobovate, dark brown or blackish, volutions nearly five; spiresremarkably rounded, short; body-whorl with a very obtuse, slightly indented band or undulation, a little above the middle; aperture more than twice the length of the spire, narrow; labium polished, with a callus above; labrum not projecting near the base, subrectilinear from the shoulder to the basal curve, very convex at the shoulder; base rounded and without indentation. Animal, foot rounded, rather longer than wide, equally rounded before and behind; above yellowish-white, lineated with black lines. Habitat.— Kentucky River, and some other tributaries of the Ohio. Length, three-fourths; breadth, nearly half an inch. Var. A. Indented band almost obsolete. Observations.— The spire, and even a part of the body-whorl in all old shells, are sometimes remarkably eroded, as in the M. (Anculotus) prerosa, nob., and indeed, the general appearance is such, that at a little distance, and without particular observation, it might be readily mistaken for that shell, but the form is less globular, and the aperture is altogether different. I found it very abundant in Kentucky River in L. F, W.S8.1V. 3 34 LAND AND FRESH-WATER SHELLS OF N. A. [PART IV. company with that shell and other species of Melania. I also observed it at the falls of the Ohio.. Lesueur and Troost obtained specimens in Fox River of the Wabash. When young, the undula- tion is hardly visible, and the shell is often of a dull yellowish color, which on the larger volutions becomes gradually of the characteristic color.— Say. Melania Hildrethiana, Lea, is the half grown stage of this species, as I have verified, by an examination of Mr. Lea’s original specimens, one of which he kindly presented to me (see figure). In uniting it with obovata, it is proper to say that Prof. Haldeman and Dr. Jay have preceded me. The following is Mr. Lea’s description of Melania Hildrethiana.— Shell smooth, fusiform, rather thick, horn- color; spire short, pointed at the apex; sutures deeply impressed; whorls five, convex; aperture large, angular at base, Fig. 78. : ovate, white or purple. Habitat.— Ohio River, near Marietta; Dr. Hildreth. Diameter, :25; length, -37 of an inch. Observations.— The aperture of this little species is nearly two-thirds the length of the shell. In outline it is allied to MW. fustformis, herein described. It may be distinguished by the sutures being more impressed, and the base being more an- gular. One of the specimens is purple on the columella and at the base. I dedicate it to Dr. Hildreth, to whose kindness I owe several specimens.—Lea. This is nothing more than a small variety of L. obovata, Say. [have not seen many specimens, but they all appear to be of stunted growth, and I should not be surprised if future research proves them to be living in circumstances unsuited to their full development. The following description is of a not entirely full grown shell, retaining the spire complete to the apex. It is a rare state, several whorls being generally lost by truncation. The remarkably shouldered whorls and smaller size of AM. undosa will scarcely distinguish it as a variety of this species. Its description here follows :— Fig. 76. Melania undosa.— Shell ovate, smooth, olivaceous, moder- ately thick; whorls 6-7, rapidly converging to the apex, convex; body-whorl ample, with a distinct, but somewhat rounded LITHASIA. 35 shoulder; suture impressed; aperture irregularly ovate; outer lip waved; inside of the aperture whitish or brownish, often with ob- scure bands; columella rounded, extending into a broad, shallow sinus. Habitat.— Nolin River, Kentucky. Diameter, °38 (10 millim.); length, -66 inch (17 millim.) Length of aperture, 35 inch (9 millim.). Breadth of aperture, -19 inch (5 millim.). Observations.— A somewhat variable species; the remarkably shoul- dered body-whorl will, however, readily distinguish it; differs from M. obovata, Say, by its more distinct spire, its greater proportionate breadth, and by the form of the aperture; it is also much less ponder- ous; many specimens are obscurely banded on the body-whorl; this is more distinctly visible in the young shell.— Anthony. The shell figured and described by Mr. Reeve as rarinodosa is evidently the same as the above. The description‘is Melania rarinodosa.— Shell ovately turbinated, olive, obscurely broad-banded; whorls 5-6, flatly convex, obtusely swollen and obsoletely noduled round the upper part; aperture ovate; columella twistedly effused. HTabitat.— United States. Anthony, Manuscript in Mus. Von dem Busch. Odservations.—Rather a doubtful species, received by Dr. Busch from Mr. Anthony with the above name in manuscript.— Peeve. Melania consanguinea.— Shell ovate, smooth, thick, brownish-olive ; spire short, acuminate; whorls eight, the upper ones nearly flat, the last two or three much shouldered; body-whorl very large, slightly constricted in its upper portion, and very faintly banded; sutures deeply impressed; aperture regularly ovate, within livid, approaching to purple far within; columella rounded, with scarcely a perceptible sinus, tinged with purple at base. Habitat.— Indiana. Diameter, -40 inch (10 millim.); length, -75 inch (20 mil- lim.). Length of aperture, *40 inch (10 millim.); breadth of aper- ture, ‘20 inch (5 millim.). Observations.— Allied to, but perfectly distinct from, Mf. undosa; its greater solidity, more elongated spire, and greater number of whorls will at once distinguish it: the whorls of the spire are much more convex, and there is no prominent angle formed by the shoulder on the body-whorl as in WM. wndosa.— Anthony. 36 LAND AND FRESH-WATER SHELLS OF N. A. [PART Iv. C. Shell obliquely flattened. 10. L. compacta, ANTHONY. Melania compacta, ANTHONY, Ann. N.Y. Lyc., vi, p. 122, t.3, f.22, March, 1854. BINNEY, Check List, No. 62. Brov, List, p. 32. REEVE, Monog., sp. 343. Lithasia nuclea, LEA, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., p. 188, 1860. Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci., v, pt. 3, p. 263, t. 35, f. 73. Obs., ix, p.85. BINNEY, Check List, No. 301. Melania nuclea, Lea, REEVE, Monog., sp. 423. Brot, List, p. 33. Description.—Shell ovate-conic, smooth, thick yellowish-green ; spire obtusely elevated; whorls about five, nearly flat; body-whorl large, subangulated near the base, with three very dark bands, two of which are below the angle; the penultimate whorl has two bands only, and the lowest of these is nearly or quite concealed by the suture, and on the upper whorl the same band is indicated only by a dark hair-like line; sutures well impressed; aperture rather large, ovate, within whitish and banded; columella strongly indented, base reg- ularly rounded, without any sinus. Habitat.— Alabama. Diameter, -38 inch (10 millim.); length, *60 inch (15 millim.). Length of aperture, ‘30 inch (74 millim.); breadth of aperture, ‘18 inch (43 millim.). Observations.— A short, thick, compact species, with seldom more than three perfect whorls remaining, other two whorls being indi- cated on the abruptly decollate spire; the whorls are slightly shoul- dered, and the lines of growth are curved and prominent; compared with DL. fusiformis, Lea, it is less fusiform, more ponderous, has the spire less acute, and an aperture entirely different; from I. proteus, Con., it differs in its totally different spire and aperture, and its want of the tuberculous shoulder of that species; the bands in the interior are very dark and well defined.— Anthony. The following appears to be a synonyme, judging from the comparison of type specimens of each. aveeen g. 81. Lithasia nuclea.— Shell smooth, elliptical, yellowish-olive, thick, solid, three-banded; spire obtuse-conical; sutures im- & ia pressed; whorls five, the last large and slightly inflated; aperture rather small, ovately rounded, white and three- banded within, recurved at the base; columella thickened above and below, incurved; outer lip sharp. LITHASIA. oid Habitat.— Coosa River, Alabama: E. R. Showalter, M.D. Diameter, :34; length, ‘60 of an inch. Observations.— I have nine specimens before me of this little species, which has much the aspect of an Anculosa, as well also of some Melanie. But the callus on the lower and upper parts of the colu- mella naturally places it in Lithasia. The longest of these specimens is not more than half an inch, and all are banded precisely alike, the three bands being nearly of equal size and equidistant. It would appear then that these bands are more constant than usual in the Melanide. Four out of the nine have a light purple spot on the middle of the columella, the others are entirely white. Without being at all like Melania obovata, Say (consanguinea, Anth.), in out- line or general appearance, the columella is very much the same, both being thick with an incipient channel at base. Indeed, M. obovata properly belongs to the genus Lithasia. In form, color and bands, nuclea reminds one of WM. basalis (nobis), but it is more rotund, has a thicker columella, has a less brilliant epidermis and is a more solid shell. The aperture is about one-half the length of the shell. Dr. Showalter says in his letter that ‘‘ this is the most uniform species in my collection.”— Lea. D. Shell subcylindrical. ll. L. brevis, Lea. Melania brevis, LEA, Philos. Proc., ii, p. 242. Philos. Trans., ix, p.6. Obs., iv, p. 26. WHEATLEY, Cat. Shells U.S., p.24. BINNEY, Check List, No. 38. Broz, List, p. 82. REEVE, Monog., sp. 344. Anculosa solida, LEA, Philos. Proc., ii, p. 243. Philos. Trans., ix, p. 29. Obs., iv, p-29. WHEATLEY, Cat. Shells U. S., p. 28. Leptoxis solida, Lea, BINNEY, Check List, No. 884. Brot, List, p. 25, Melania trivittata, REEVE, Monog., sp. 420. Description.— Shell striate, subcylindrical, somewhat solid, yellow; spire rather short; sutures impressed; whorls flattened; columella thickened above; aperture ovate, white. Habitat.—Alabama. Diameter, -41; length, -60 of an inch. Observations.— A single specimen only of this species is before me. The apex being eroded, the number of whorls cannot with certainty be ascertained; there ap- pear to be about five. On this specimen there are eight indistinct impressed striw, and seyeral low, irregular folds on the body- 38 LAND AND FRESH-WATER SHELLS OF N. A. [PART IV. whorl, which may be more distinct on the superior whorls when found perfect. The aperture is about half the length of the shell. — Lea. The following is Mr. Lea’s description of Lithasia solida.— Shell smooth, elliptical, rather thick, yellowish- brown; spire somewhat drawn out; sutures impressed; whorls flat- tened; columella incurved, thickened above and below; aperture elongated, elliptical, white. Habitat.— Alabama. Diameter, °38; length, 60 of an inch. Observations.— Three specimens only were sent to me by Dr. Foreman. They differ very little from each other, except that one exhibits a few indistinct, elevated, revolving strive. Other speci- mens may present this character more strongly. Neither of the specimens has a perfect spire, the apices being eroded. The number ef whorls I should think, however, were five. The aperture seems to be rather more than half the length of the shell. The columella is remarkable for its callus near the base as well as having another above.— Lea. Until the possession of more specimens will enable nat- uralists to distinguish ZL. brevis and L. solida, they had probably better remain united as one species. Reeve’s figure of the latter appears to have too long a spire, and to be dif- ferently formed in the aperture. Mr. Reeve has not recognized the genus Lithasia, and accord- ingly changes the name to trivittata, Reeve, because Mr. Lea had already used brevis for a Melanian. 12. L. fusiformis, LzEa. Lithasia fusiformis, LEA, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., p. 54, 1861. Jour. Acad. Nat. Sei., V, pt.3, p. 261, 6.35, f. 71. Obs., ix, p. 71. Description.— Shell suleate, fusiform, rather thin, obscurely fur- rowed, reddish-brown, four-banded, conical; sutures irregularly im- pressed; whorls six, the last large and somewhat inflated; “aperture elongately rhomboidal; whitish within and four- banded, channelled and recurved at the base; columella with 4s) double curve, thickened above; outer lip somewhat con- stricted, with an acute margin. Operculune smali, ovate, dark brown, serrate around the base and LITHASIA. 89 outer margin, with the polar point inside the left edge about one-third above the basal niargin. Habitat.— Coosa River, Alabama; E. R. Showalter, M. D. Diameter, °30; length, ‘52 of an inch. Observations.—Six specimens are before me. Neither, I think, quite full grown. This species differs materially from Showalterii (nobis) from the same river. It is not quite so large, is not inflated, but more constricted on the body-whorl, and has rather distant, low, longitu- dinal folds, which in some specimens are scarcely observable. It differs in having four brown bands, the Showalterti having but three. The most remarkable character of fusiformis is the long, recurved channel which brings it close to the genus Jo. All the specimens have transverse furrows, which are more strongly developed in some of them than in others. The operculwn is very remarkable, having the margin from near to the polar point round the upper part of the outer margin completely serrate. Fortunately, two of the specimens were found to have the operculum adhering to the desiccated parts within, and both were found to possess this peculiar character, which I have never observed in any other species of the Melanide. The ap- erture is nearly two-thirds the length of the shell.— Lea. It is not improbable that this may eventually prove to be the young of some other species—Showalterii,—or even Downiei. 13. L. Downiei, Lzea. Lithasia Downiei, LEA, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., p. 273, 1862. Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci., V, pt. 3, p. 354, t. 39, f. 227. Obs., ix, p.176. Description.— Shell sparsely nodulous, subcylindrical, chestnut-col- ored; spire obtusely conoidal, somewhat raised; sutures irregularly impressed; whorls seven, flattened, the last rather large, rhomboidal, white or banded within; outer lip sharp, sin- uous; columella white and incurvyed. Habitat.— Cumberiand River; Major T. C. Downie. Diameter, -44; length, :98 of an inch. Observations.— This is an unusual form of Lithasia and cannot be confounded with any known species. The spire is exserted like most of the Melanide, but the aperture has all the characteristics of the true Lithasie. Its most remarkable character is the formation of the few lov, elongate tuber- cles which it possesses. These are formed by an enlargement on 40 LAND AND FRESH-WATER SHELLS OF N. A. [PART IV. the middle of the edge of the outer lip at each stage of growth,—a character I have not observed in any other species of Melanide. I suspect that this species will generally be found to be banded. One of the two specimens before me has six well-defined bands, which are indistinct on the outside, but are well marked on the inside. The other has only one band, and this is visible only on the upper whorls, the aperture being whitish, with a brown, indistinct band at the base. The upper callus is well marked, and the channel below is well defined. The aperture is more than one-third the length of the shell. JI have great pleasure in naming this fine species after Major T. C. Downie, to whom I owe the acquisition of many new and rare mollusks.— Lea. Subgenus STREPHOBASIS, Lea. Strephobasis, Lea, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., p. 96, April, 1861. Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci., v, pt. 3, pp. 264 and 355. Obs., ix, pp. 86, 177. Megara (sp.), H. & A. ADaMs, Genera, i, p. 306, Feb., 1854. A. Shell ovate-conical. 1. S. curta, HaLpEeman. Melania curta, HALDEMAN, Monog. Limniades, No. 3, p. 3 of Cover. BINNEY, Check List, No. 80. Brot, List, p. 32. REEVE, Monog., sp. 345. Melania solida, LEA, Philos. Trans., t.9,f.27. Obs.,iv, p.57. BINNEY, Check List, No. 245. Brot, List, p. 31. RrEVE, Monog. Melania, f. 454. Strephobasis solida, LEA, Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci., v, pt.3, p. 266, t. 35, f. 77. Obs., ix, p. 88. Megara solida, Lea, ADAMS, Genera, 1, p. 306. Description.—Shell short, conical, smooth; spire plane, nearly twice Fig.95, 38 long as the aperture, which is narrow and quadrate with 7 a narrow anterior sinus; color green or chestnut. Habitat.— Ohio River. Length, ~ of an inch. Observations.— Resembles MM. conica, Say, but the whorls increase more rapidly in size.— Haldeman. The above description is not a satisfactory one, but the shell is recognized as identical with solida by authenticated types in the collection of Mr. Anthony, one of which is here fig- STREPHOBASIS. 41 ured. It is a mistake to assign the Ohio River as the habitat of this species. Mr. Lea’s descriptions and copy of his last figure here follow :— Melania solida.— Shell smooth, obtusely conical, thick, solid, dark horn-color; spire rather short; sutures much impressed; whorls con- vex; aperture small, rhomboidal, twisted at the base, white within ; columella inflected. Habitat.— Tennessee. Diameter, °5; length, -9 of an inch. Observations.— This species in form somewhat resembles J. alveare, Conr., on one side, and I. canaliculata, Say, on the other. It has not, however, either furrows or tubercles. The three specimens before me have all mutilated apices, and therefore the number of whorls cannot be correctly ascertained. There may be seven or eight. The aperture is about one-third the length of the shell. There is no appearance of bands in these. This is one of those species which have a twisted aperture, being auger-shaped, the outer lip being spread out, and the edge having a line of a double curvature. The columella is very much twisted. Strephobasis solida.—Shell smooth, subcylindrical, thick, solid, dark horn-color or olive; spire obtusely conical; sutures im- pressed; whorls slightly convex, the last slightly con- stricted; aperture rather large, nearly quadrate, whitish within; outer lip acute, very sinuous; columella sinuous, thickened below and channelled backwards. Operculum subovate, very dark brown, with the polar point near the middle of the base. Habitat.— Tennessee; E. Foreman, M.D.: East Tenn.; President Estabrook: Pulaski Creek, Kentucky; Joseph Lesley. Diameter, °50 of an inch. Observations.— I described and figured an imperfect specimen of this species in the Trans. Am. Phil. Soc., May 2, 1845, under the name of Melania solida. The figure shows the specimen to have been very imperfect in the aperture. Having subsequently received a number of perfect specimens (except in the apex), and finding its proper place to be in the genus Strephobasis, I have made a new description, and propose to give a more perfect figure. The spec- imens before me, more than a dozen, vary much in outline, some 42 LAND AND FRESH-WATER SHELLS OF N. A. [PART IV. being more cylindrical than others. One of them has two obscure bands, visible inside and out. Another has an indistinct band inside at the base of the columella; others are white. Two from Kentucky have two broad dark bands, and two are of an olive color, with a purple spot at the base of the columélla. In mature specimens the inner edge of the outer lip is thickened. Some of the mature spec- imens have a broad furrow round the body-whorl. The length of the aperture is usually about the third of the length of the shell.— Lea. Messrs. Haldeman and Anthony both agree with me in con- sidering curta and solida to be identical. 2. S. pumila, Lea. Melania pumila, LEA, Philos. Proc., iv, p. 166, Aug., 1815. Philos. Trans., x, p. 60, t. 9, f. 36. Obs., iv, p. 60. BINNEY, Check List, No. 223. Brot, List, p. 33. REEVE, Monog., sp. 446. Megara pumila, Lea, ADAMS, Genera, i, p. 306. Description.— Shell smooth, obtusely conical; rather thick, dark horn-color; spire depressed; sutures much impressed; whorls slightly Fig. 87. convex; aperture elongate, contracted, twisted at the base, within whitish. Habitat.— Tuscaloosa, Alabama. Diameter, *27; length, -53 of an inch. Observations.— The two specimens before me are, in form and size, the same. They differ in one having two broad, purple bands, and the other being entirely without. On the inferior part of the whorl one has five rather distinct strie, the other has these less distinct. The apex of each of these is eroded, and therefore the number of whorls cannot be ascertained. This species is closely allied to MW. alveare, Conrad, but is a much smaller shell, and in the two individuals before me there is no appearance of the tubercles which usually exist on the carina of the lower whorl of that species. —Lea. This is a very distinct species. The Smithsonian collection contains a number of specimens, labelled ‘‘ Tennessee.” They are very uniform in size, color and markings. S. pumila is more nearly allied to P. productum, Lea (glos- sum, Anth.), than to alveare; but it is very much smaller, heavier and differs in the form of the aperture. STREPHOBASIS. : 43 3. S. carinata, Lea. Strephobasis carinata, LEA, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., p. 273, 1862. Jour. Acad, Nat. Sci., v, pt. 3, p. 355, t. 39, f. 228. Obs., ix, p.177. Description. — Shell carinate, subfusiform, inflated, rather thin, greenish, four-banded; spire obtuse; sutures very much impressed; whorls six, flattened, carinate at the apex, the last one inflated; ap- erture rather large, rhomboidal, whitish and banded within; outer lip sharp, somewhat sinuous; columella thickened, bent eats: back and much twisted. Habitat.— Tennessee River; W. Spillman, M.D. Diameter, :20; length, -37 of an inch. Observations.— A single specimen, no doubt young, and somewhat fractured on the outer lip, is the only one received among the shells from Dr. Spillman. The spire is perfect, and all the whorls but the lowest one are carinate. It is, perhaps, nearest to S. Clarkit (nobis), but may be at once distinguished by the inflated form, the size and the bands. The aperture is about half the length of the shell.— Lea. The figure is a copy of Mr. Lea’s. It is doubtless a distinct species although the adult will probably differ much. B. Shell eylindrical. 4, §S. olivaria, Lra. Strephobasis olivaria, LEA, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., p. 273, 1862. Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci., v, pt. 3, p. 356, t. 39, f. 229. Obs., ix, p. 178. Description.— Shell smooth, elliptical, thick, banded, dark olive; spire obtusely conical; sutures very much impressed; whorls about seven, convex, the last one large; aperture large, rhom- boidal, white within and banded; outer lip acute, slightly sinuous; columella thickened below and twisted back- wards. Habitat.— Knoxville, Tennessee; J. Clark. Diameter, *42; length, 99 of an inch. Observations.— Some twenty specimens are before me, all having very much the same size, form and general appearance. Generally there are two broad, well-characterized bands, strongly marked on the inside and observable on the outside. Two of the specimens have no bands, one has a single band, two have dt LAND AND FRESH-WATER SHELLS OF N. A. [PART IV. four bands, and three are purple inside. This species is nearest to solida, herein described, but it is more elliptical, less ponderous and of quite a different color,— that species being light horn-color. The aperture is about four-tenths the length of the shell.—Lea. 5. S. plena, ANTHONY. Melania plena, ANTHONY, Ann. Lyc. N. H. New York, vi, p. 121, t. 3, f. 21, March, 1854. BINNEY, Check List, No. 210. Brot, List, p. 33. REEVE, Monog. Mel, sp. 450. Strephobasis Spillmanii, LEA, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., p. 96, 1861. Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci., v, pt. 3, p. 264, t. 35, f. 74. Obs., ix, p. 86. Description.— Shell oblong ovate, smooth, thick, dark olive-green ; spire abruptly decollate, not elevated; whorls 4-5, convex; body- whorl large, a little constricted in the centre, having two very faint, distant bands, more distinct in the interior; sutures irregularly and distinctly impressed; aperture large, subrhomboidal, within livid and banded; columella strongly indented and twisted, with a strong sinus at base. Habitat.— Alabama. Diameter, *45 inch (11 millim.); length, *80 inch (21 millim.). Length of aperture, -42 inch (11 millim.); breadth of aperture, -20 inch (5 millim.). Observations.— A strong, corpulent shell, of a dark livid color, which cannot well be confounded with any other; its most promi- nent characters are, its full broad form, the paucity of its whorls, and its strongly indented columella.— Anthony. Mr. Anthony’s shell above described was figured from a specimen not mature ; for comparison another specimen from the cabinet of that gentleman is here figured. It will be seen to be the same, evidently, as Mr. Lea’s, which is copied from his plate. Spillmanii is thus de- scribed :-— Fig. 91. Bs Strephobasis Spillmanii.— Shell smooth, cylindrical, some- { what thick, dark brown or greenish, shining, very much — banded; spire obtuse, short, carinate at the apex; sutures irregularly impressed; whorls slightly convex above, the last one constricted; aperture rather large, somewhat square, bluish and much banded within; outer lip acute, sinuous; columella sinuous, thickened at the base and channelled backward. STREPHOBASIS. 45 Hlabitat.— Tennessee River, four miles above Chattanooga; Wm. Spillman, M. D. Diameter, 41; length, -95 of an inch. Observations.—I owe to the kindness of Dr. Spillman a number of this remarkable shell, to which he gave the habitat of Tennessee River, but did not designate from what part. Fortunately, there were some young specimens which, with those approaching maturity, gave us the advantage of tracing the great difference between the old and young. The old are decollate, and present, by the body-whorl being flattened, an almost perfect cylindrical form, while the young, which have the spire entire or nearly so, are almost perfectly oval and do not present a quadrate aperture, but an ovato-rhombic one. The callus at the base of the columella is strong, and amounts nearly to a fold, below which the channel suddenly turns backwards. The upper portion of the whorl, immediately below the suture, is tumid, and hence it has a bulbous appearance. This portion is usually lighter colored than the other parts of the whorl. The color differs in some of the specimens, some being more disposed to being dark brown, while others again are greenish. All which I have seen are more or less banded, some of them so thickly as to make the specimen almost black. These bands are all apparent on the inside. The length of the aperture is naturally, I presume, about half the length of the shell, but none of the mature specimens before me have perfect spires, and therefore the proportion cannot be correctly ascertained. There are six or seven whorls. I have great pleasure in dedicating this interesting species to Dr Spillman, to whom I am not only indebted for this, but for very many of the mollusks which he has so successfully discovered in the streams which flow through other districts as well as his own. — Lea. 6. S. cornea, Lra. Strephobasis cornea, LEA, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., p. 96, 1861. Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci» V, pt. 3, p. 265, t. 35, f. 75. Obs., ix, p. 87. Description.— Shell smooth, cylindrical, thick, horn-color; spire obtuse; sutures irregularly impressed; whorls slightly convex above, the last one constricted; aperture rhombo-quadrate, yellowish-white within; outer lip acute, sinuous; columella sinuous, thickened and channelled backward at its base. 46 LAND AND FRESH-WATER SHELLS OF N. A. [PART IV. Operculum small, ovate, spiral, dark brown, with the polar point near the base. Habitat.— Tennessee River, four miles above Chattanooga; William Spillman, M.D. Diameter, -41; length, *88 of an inch. Observations.— Among the previously described species from Dr. Spillman were two of this, which, while it has a close resemblance, still may easily be distinguished from it. They totally differ in the color of the epidermis and the cornea is without any bands. The substance of the shell is stouter Fig. 92. and the channel below not quite so well pronounced. There is al 0 a disposition to thickening on the upper part of the columella which the other has not. In both of the specimens before me there is a thickening following the inner edge of the outer lip. The lines of growth in both are well marked, and in all cases they begin below the antecedent one. The length of the aperture would, I presume, be rather less than half the length of the shell, but both specimens being decollate, the true length of the shell cannot be ascertained, nor can the character of the apical whorls be observed.—Lea. 7. S. Lyonii, Lea. Strephobasis Lyonti, LEA, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. 5, 1864. Obs., xi, 107. Description.— Shell smooth, subcylindrical, thick, dark horn-color or olive, rarely banded; spire obtusely conical; sutures impressed; whorls eight, somewhat convex; aperture somewhat constricted, rhomboidal, whitish within, rarely banded; outer lip acute, somewhat sinuous; columella thickened below and channelled and drawn back at the base. Iabitat.— Wolston River at Knoxville, East Tennessee. Diameter, '48; length, :92 of an inch. Observations.—I have about a dozen, of various ages, of this well characterized species, which is nearly allied to Spillmanii (nobis). It differs in having a shorter aperture, in being rather larger, and in not being so cylindrical. In the young of the two there is a marked difference in outline, Zyonti being much more conical. Some of the less cylindrical specimens approach olivaria (nobis), but that is a smaller species, of a darker color, and almost always having two STREPHOBASIS. 47 bands ; Zyonii is usually without bands. Among the specimens before me two have a single band, one has two bands, one has four bands, and another has five bands. Four have a dark purple mark round the base of the columella. In those before me the color of the epidermis is very variable; several are light horn-color, one young one is almost a cinnamon-brown, and three are olivaceous. :The old specimens are much eroded at the apex, and this causes a more cylindrical outline. The aperture is about four-tenths of the length of the shell.— Lea. 8. S. corpulenta, Anruony. Melania corpulenta, ANTHONY, Ann. Lyc. N. H., vi, p. 127, t. 3, f. 28, March, 1854. Binney, Check List, No. 70. Brov, List, p. 32. Description.—Shell ovate, smooth, yellowish, banded; whorls 6-7, convex; body-whorl very full, with two distant dark brown bands quite broad, which are nearly concealed on the upper whorls by the revolutions of the spire; sutures impressed ; aperture narrow ovate, broadest at base, banded within; columella much curved below the middle, white, and thickened at base, with a broad and distant sinus in that region. Habitat.—Alabama. Diameter, -42 inch (10 millim.); length, -80 inch (20 millim.). Length of aperture, -40 inch (10 millim.); breadth of aperture, ‘17 inch (4 millim.). Observations.—Its most prominent character is the corpulence of the body-whorl, and its regular oval form. May be compared with M. biteniata, Conr., but its body-whorl is much more rounded or oval, sit is less banded, and the bands are more distinct; the spire is more elevated and less abrupt.—Anthony. In the shape of the aperture this resembles S. cornea, Lea, but it appears to differ in the superior portion of the body- whorl being swelled out. 9. S. biteeniata, Conran. Melania biteniata, CONRAD, New Fresh Water Shells, p. 52, t. 8, f. 6, 1834. DEKAY, Moll. N. Y., p. 94. WHEATLEY, Cat. Shells U.S., p. 24. BINNEY, Check List, No. 54. Brot, List, p. 32. HANLEY, Conch, Misc,, t. 8, f. 73. Anculotus biteniatus, Conrad, REEVE, Monog. Anculotus, t. 3, f. 25. Strephobasts Clarkii, LEA, Proc. Acad, Nat. Sci., p.66, 1861. Jour, Acad. Nat. Sci., V, pt. 3, p. 262, t.35, f. 76. Obs., ix, p. 87. 48 LAND AND FRESH-WATER SHELLS OF N. A. [PART IY. Description.— Shell conic, with convex whorls; spire short; one whorl entire, very convex; apex eroded; color olive, with two broad purple bands on the body-whorl; one on the contiguous whorl; columella with a callus above and another near the base; aperture half the length of the shell; labrum regu larly arcuated; within bluish, with purple bands Habitat.— Black Warrior River. Observations.—It is a rare species, remarkable for its broad, purple bands and convex whorls. There can be no doubt of the identity of biteniata and Clarkii. I give a good figure of the former from an authenti- cated specimen in Coll. Anthony. The number of bands on the body-whorl varies from two to five. Mr. Lea’s description of Clarkii and a copy of his figure follow :— Strephobasis Clarkti.— Shell smooth, cylindrical, rather thin, yel- lowish horn-color, trebly banded; spire very obtuse, short; sutures irregularly impressed; whorls five, slightly convex above, the last one constricted; aperture rather large, squarish, whitish and much banded within; outer lip acute; columella sinuous, white at the base, thickened and channelled backward. Habitat.— Tennessee River, at Chattanooga, Tenn.; Joseph Clark. Diameter,:38; length °72 inch. Observations.— Several specimens of this shell were long since sent to me by my deceased friend, Mr. Clark, and it is with peculiar pleasure that I dedicate it to him who, during a long life, devoted his best energies to the investigation of the fauna , and flora of Ohio, and other Western States. This species i 5 * differs from the other two, herein described (cornea and Spillmanit), in being more regularly cylindrical; in being shorter and in having three regularly revolving brown bands, one of which only is observable on the upper whorls. The aperture is more than one-half the length of the shell. There is a thickening in the interior of the upper part of the whorls, which in some specimens is irregular and oblique, and is observable from the outside. It gives a yellowish appearance to this part of the whorl under the suture.— Lea. PLEUROCERA. 49 Subgenus PLEUROCERA, RaFinesQuE. Pleurocera, RAFINESQUE, Jour. de Phys. Bruxelles, tome 88, p. 423, 1819. BuLaINVILLE, Dict. Sc. Nat., xxxii, p. 236, 1824, xli, p. 376, 1826. Man. Malacologie, p. 441, 1825. Rang, Man. Conchyl., p. 874, 1829. Mernke, Syn. Method, 2d edit., p. 48, 1830. FERUSSAC, Bull. Zool., p. 93, 1885. Sowxrsy, Conch. Man., 2d edit., p. 231, 1842. HrerRMANNSON, Indicis Gen. Malacoz., i, p. 296, 1846. IHaALpEMAN, Iconog. Encyc., p. 84. Cvriphasia, SwWAINSON, Malacol., pp. 204, 342, 1840. Gray, Syn. Brit. Mus., 1844. Hermannson, Indic. Gen. Mal., i, p. 208, 1846. Gray. Zool. Proc., pt. 15, p. 153, 1847. H.and A. Apams, Gen- era Recent Moll., i, p. 297, 1854. CuENu, Manuel de Conchyl. i, p. 288, 1859. Telescopella, GRAY, Proc. Zool. Soc., pt. 15, p. 153, 1847. Elimia (part), H. and A. Apams, Genera, i, p. 300, 1854. CHENU, Man. de Conchyl., i, p. 290, 1859. Megara (part), H. and A. Apams, Genera, i, p. 306, 1854. CHENU, Man. de Conchyl., i, p. 298, 1859. Trypanostoma, Lua, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., p. 169, April, 1862. Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci., 2d ser., v, pt. 3, p. 268, March, 18638, Obs., ix, p- 90, March, 1863. Melania (sp.), of authors. Brnney, Check List. Rrerve, Monog, Mel., Nov., 1859, to June, 1861. Bror, Cat. Syst., p. 30, 1862. Description.— Shell generally lengthened conical or cerith- iform, aperture moderate, prolonged into a short spout or canal in front. Columella not callously thickened. Geographical Distribution.—The species contained in this subgenus are inhabitants of the valleys of the Ohio, Ten- nessee and Alabama rivers. Two or three species are found as far north as the Great Lakes, but none, so far as I am aware, have been found in any of the rivers of the Atlantic seaboard, or west of the Mississippi. The species generally have a wide distribution within the limits referred to and are numerously represented in individuals. Mr. Lea has described several of the species as Jo’s, but I restrict the typical form of Jo to the fusiform, ventricose species, in which the canal and spire are subequal. L. F. W.8. IV. 4 50 LAND AND FRESH-WATER SHELLS OF N. A. [PART IV. A. Tuberculate. 1. P. alveare, Conran. Melania alveare, CONRAD, New Fresh-Water Shells, p. 54, t.4, f. 7, 1834. DEKAaAyY, Moll. N. Y., p.94. WHEATLEY, Cut. Shells, U. S.,p.24. JAy, Cat. 4th edit., p. 272. BINNEY, Check List, No. 11. Brov, List, p.30. HANLEyY, Conch. Misc. t. 8, f. 74. MULLER, Synopsis, p. 46, 1836. Megara alveara, Conrad, CHENU, Manuel, i, f. 2022. ADAMS, Genera, i, p. 305. Melania torquata, LEA, Philos. Proc., ii, p. 242, Dec., 1842. Philos. Trans., ix, p. 27. Obs., iv, p.27. WHEATLEY, Cat. Shells U.S.,p.27. BINNEY, Check List, No. 271. ADAMS, Genera, i, 306. Melania pernodosa, LEA, Philos Proc., iv, p. 105, Aug., 1845. Philos. Trans., x, p. 66, t.9, f.49. Obs., iv. p. 66, t.9,f.49. BINNEY, Check List, No. 202. Io pernodosa, Lea, ADAMS, Genera, i, p. 229. Melania nupera, SAY (young), American Conchol., pt. 1, t. 8, middle figure. Melania producta,* LEA, Philos. Proc., ii, p. 243, Dec., 1842. Philos. Trans., ix, p. 28. Obs., iv, p.28. WHEATLEY, Cat. Shells U.S., p.26. BINNEY, Check List, No. 217. Brot, List, p. 36. Melania grossa,* ANTHONY, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., p. 59, Feb., 1860. Brov, List, p. 40. REEVE, Monog., f. 411. Description.— Shell short, conical, ventricose; whorls flattened, with a line of wide compressed tubercles at the base of the penul- timate whorl; body-whorl angulated; angle armed with prominent tubercles; base hardly convex, with about five prominent lines; aperture obliquely elliptical; less than half the length of the shell. Observations.—Inhabits with the preceding species (JL lima) Elk River, Alabama. The spire is very regularly conical and the base strongly ribbed.— Conrad. The figure (No. 99) is from a type specimen in the collection of my friend Mr. Haldeman, who very kindly placed in my Fig.97. Fig.9s. hands his entire valuable series of Conrad’s, , Say’s and his own types. No. 97 rep- pig 99, resents a large shell from Coll. An- thony. No. 98 is from a specimen in &, my cabinet exhibiting the plicate whorls of the spire. The species is very var able in length. No. 101 represents an elongated specimen from Cum- berland River, Tennessee ; this variety Mr. Lea has described as M. torquata. The following are the descriptions of pernodosa and tor- quata. *M. producta aud grossa are the young of a large variety of alveare. PLEUROCERA. 51 Melania pernodosa.— Shell tuberculate, conical, rather thick, horn- color, striate below; spire elevated, ribbed on the apex; sutures undulated; whorls cight, flattened, tuberculate on the in- Fig. 100. ferior portion; aperture small, angular and canaliculate r at the base, within white. Habitat.— Cypress Creek, Florence, Alabama. Diameter, -4; length, -68 of an inch. Observations.— This is a very remarkable species, having numerous, somewhat oblique tubercles, thickly set in a single row on the mid- dle of the whorls. In the specimen before me, the only one I have seen, there is a dark spot between each of the tubercles. Towards the apex, the tubercles are more elongate and closely set, so as absolutely to become ribs across the whole of the whorl. The aper- ture is rather more than one-third the length of the shell. The strix on the inferior half of the whorls are very regular and distinct, and number eight in this specimen.— Lva. Melania torquata.—- Shell tuberculate, subfusiform, shin- ing, rather thin, yellow; spire rather elevated; sutures impressed; whorls seven, somewhat convex; aperture 4 elongated, angular at the base, within whitish. y) Habitat. Tennessee. Diameter, -42; length, ‘80 of an inch. Observations.— This is a very beautiful species, of which I have only one specimen before me. The necklace-like row (whence its name) of small closely set tubercles, gives it an attractive appearance. Each successive whorl covers up these tubercles as well as several striz below them, leaving the whole spire smooth. The.aperture is rather contracted, and nearly half the length of the shell. The outer lip is sharp, and very much curved. It hassome resemblance to JL alveare (Conr.) but is a larger shell, less solid, and more fusiform.—Lea. The young of the large specimen figured, having attained to the full size of the ordinary adults and still differing from them, has been described as distinct by both Messrs. Lea and Anthony. Copies of their descriptions are given below. Hav- ing examined numerous specimens I have no doubt of their identity with alveare. As already mentioned, Strephobasis eat Lea, is closely allied in general appearance to alveare. Mr Lea believes alveare to be a Lithasia, but I do not find 52 LAND AND FRESH-WATER SHELLS OF N. A. [PART IV. the callous deposits on the columella sufficiently well marked to place it in that genus. Melania producta.— Shell folded, subfusiform, rather thin, horn colored; spire obtusely conical; sutures impressed; whorls eight, flattened; aperture elliptical, whitish. Habitat.— Tennessee. Diameter, °57; length, :70 of an inch. Observations. — This species has rather distant folds on the first six whorls, and a disposition to tuberculation on the middle of the lower whorl, the superior part being disposed to be striate. The base of the columella is twisted, and the channel well impressed. The aperture is quite one-half the length of the shell.— Lea. Melania grossa. —Shell ovate, folded, thick; spire obtusely ele- vated, composed of about eight convex whorls rapidly attenuating to an acute apex; whorls folded, except the last two; body-whorl tumid, smooth; color of epidermis light greenish olive; aperture elliptical, whitish inside; columella rounded; outer tip much curved, with a well Fig. 102. marked sinus at the base.— Anthony. Habitat. — Tennessee. Observations. —A short, thick species whose chief characteristics are its bulbous form, and short but prominent ribs on the upper whorls. All the whorls but the last are remarkably narrow and crowded, lines of growth prominent, four or five striz revolye around the base of the shell. Resembles M. glandula, nob., in form, but its different color and texture, with its prominent ribs, will at once distinguish it. — Anthony. The figure is from Mr. Anthony’s type. 2. P. Foremanii, Lea. Melania Foremanii, LEA, Philos. Proc., ii, p. 242. Philos. Trans., ix, p.27. Obs., iv, p. 27. BINNEY, Check List, No.111. Bror, List, p.30. REEVE, Monog,, f, 432. WHEATLEY, Cat. Shells U.S., p. 25. ‘ Description. — Shell tuberculate, pyramidal, rather thick, yellowish. brown; spire elevated; sutures irregularly lined; whorls nine, flat- tened; aperture elongated, angular and channelled at the base, within whitish. Habitat.— Alabama. PLEUDROCERA. 53 Diameter, °52 of an inch; length, 1:28 inches. Observations.— A fine, large, symmetrical species, furnished with a row of closely-set tubercles on the middle of the whorl, and several irregular transverse strie disposed to Fig. 103a. be tuberculate. The seven or eight specimens Big: 108. before me are very similar, differing but little in form or color. The oldest one is rather browner. It is remarkable for its regular pyramidal form. The aperture is contracted, and rather more than one-third the length of the shell. I have great pleasure in dedicating it to Dr. Foreman to whose kindness I owe the specimen in my cabinet.—Lea. This species differs from other tuberculate Plewrocera in the oval form of the base of the body-whorl and in possessing several instead of one row of tubercles. Figure 103a is from a specimen in my cabinet, from Coosa River, Alabama, authen- ticated by Mr. Lea. I have been much puzzled by the resemblance of this shell to P. prasinatum, Conr. and P. Anthonyi, Lea, and it would not surprise me if the three should be found to be but one species, as the forms of the shell and aperture are similar, and speci- mens of Foremanii in Coll. Haldeman are scarcely tubercled, while in one of the Smithsonian types of Anthony? a disposition to tuberculation is evident. 2a. P. Lesleyi, Lea. Trypanostoma Lesieyi, LEA, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., p. 4, 1864. Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci., Vi, p. 146, t. 23, f. 59, 1867. Description. — Shell tuberculate, pyramidal, dark horn-color; spire exserted; sutures irregularly impressed; whorls about eight, some- what impressed; aperture rather small, rhemboidal, white and sometimes banded within; outer lip acute, very sinuous; columella thickened. Operculum ovate, derk brown, rather thin, with the polar point near the base. . Habitat.— Smith’s Shoals, Cumberland River, East Tennessee; Pulaski County, Kentucky. Diameter, ‘80; length, 1:2 inches. o4 LAND AND FRESH-WATER SHELLS OF N. A. [PART IV. Observations. —This species is closely allied to T. undulatum, Say, but may at once be distinguished by its lower spire and proportion- ately wider base, where it is flatter. The undulations on Mr. Say’s shell are low, while in Lesleyi these are replaced by well defined tubercles, which are disposed to be compressed and incline to the left. There is only a single row of these tubercles, but those of the row above cause swellings on the upper part of the whorls. In the young state they differ totally, the wndulatum be- ing entirely smooth, while the Zesleyi has tubercles to the apex, except that on the first two or three whorls they change into folds. In the multiplicity of nodules it resembles Lithasia@ pernodosa (nobis). In the spire it also resembles ZL. armigera, Say, and L. Jayana (nobis), but differs in the aperture being _ Trypanostomose and of course not belonging to the P same genus. I have ten specimens before me. Those from Prof. Troost I have had for a long time and believed they might be a variety only of wndulatum, but the young sent by Mr. Lesley and Major Lyon convinced me at once that the species was new and distinct. The aperture is more square than in undulatum and the fuse is less. The young are striate on the under part of the whorls, which is never the ease with undulatum. The aperture is about one-third the length of the shell. I have great pleasure in naming this after Mr. Joseph Lesley, Civil Engineer, to whose kindness I am indebted for many Kentucky species. — Lea. A second specimen, kindly furnished by Mr. Lea, is more elongated than his type. ‘The species bears the same relation to undulatum that jilum does to canaliculatum ; and it is strik- ingly like Say’s armigera. 3. P. undulatum, Say. Melania undulata, SAY, New Harmony Dissem., p. 261; Reprint, p. 17; BINNEY’S edit., p. 142. REEVE, Monog., f. 307. HALDEMAN, Am. Jour. Sci., xlii., p. 216, Dec., 1841. ANTHONY’S List, Ist and 2d edits. DEKAY, Moll. N. Y., p. 92. WHEATLEY, Cat. Shells U.S., p.27. Jay, Cat., 4th edit., 275. Binney, Check List, No. 281. Brot, List, p.31. HANLEy, Conch. Misc., t. 1, f. 10.’ CATLow, Conch. Nomenc., p. 189. Brot, Mal. Blatt., ii, p. 106, July, 1860: Megara undulata, Say, CHENU, Man. Conchyl.,, i, f. 2025. ADAMS, Genera, i, p. 306. Description.—Shell large, elevated, conic, brownish, with a broad, PLEUROCERA. 55 equally impressed band; inferior boundary of the band elevated and deeply crenate; superior boundary elevated and some- Fig. 105. iJ fr times nodulous; volutions at least eight, not convex; suture not impressed, hardly obvious, undulated by revolving on the inferior crenate boundary of the im- pressed band; labrum near the base, much protruded; sinus very obtuse. Habitat.— Ohio River. Length one inch and four-tenths. Observations.—I observed this large species to be abundant in Kentucky River, when travelling in that state two years since with Mr. Maclure. It seems to approach nearest in character to the canaliculata, nob., but its rough appearance will distinguish it even at first sight.—Say. A fine specimen from Mr. Anthony’s collection is the original of our figure. The various species of this general type, described by Mr. Lea, nobilis, moniliferum, nodosum, are not sufficiently distinct. This shell may (for the present) remain separated from them on account of the sulcate band encircling the periphery and its being wider. This species extends through Ohio, Indiana, Illinois, Ken- tucky, Tennessee, Alabama, and West Georgia and presents great variation of contour. The number of nodules on the periphery varies, and also the development of the canal. Many of the large specimens, broadly banded, are very beautiful. 4. P. excuratum, Conran. Melania excurata, CONRAD, New Fresh-Water Shells, p. 49, t. 4, f.6,1834. ANTHONY, List, lst and 2d edits. JAy, Cat., 4th edit., p.273. DEKAY, Moll. N. Y., p. 96. BINNEY, Check List, No. 103. MiLimr, Synopsis, p. 43, 1836. Melania excurvata, Conrad, WHEATLEY, Cat. Shells U.S., p. 25. Melania rorata, REEVE, Monog. Mel., sp. 306. BRorv, List, p. 31. Io Spillmanii, LEA, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., p. 394, 1861. Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci., v, pt. 3, p. 348, t. 39, £.215. Obs., ix, p. 170. Description.— Shell subulate, with a spiral band of slightly oblique subcompressed tubercles on the base of the inferior whorls; above this is a prominent line with slight intervening channel, volutions towards the apex nearly entire; base with three prominent lines, the superior one largest; the third hardly prominent and approximate to the middle one. 56 LAND AND FRESH-WATER SHELLS OF N. A. [PART IV. Observations.— A large and beautiful species, common in the Ten- nessee River at Florence. It is perhaps most nearly allied to WM. Sayi Fig. 106. Fig. 108. (4£ canaliculata, Say), but the i elevated line and form of the tubercles will distinguish it from that species. The epidermis is reddish-brown or black.— Conrad. Mr. Conrad’s figure not being a very good one I have had a figure drawn from a fine specimen from the original locality, kindly furnished to me by Mr. Lea. I have included rorata, Reeve and Spillmanii, Lea, in the synonymy of this species, finding no characters by which to distinguish them. I have already expressed a doubt whether any of the species immediately following undulata are really distinct from it. The figures of the accompanying descriptions are copies of those of Messrs. Reeve and Lea. Fig. 109. Melania rorata.—Shell pyramidally conical, brown- ish-olive, spire raised, whorls 10-11, slopingly con- vex, corded throughout with rather close-set ridges, some of which are beaded; aperture ovate, columella callous, twisted, effusely channelled. Habitat.— Alabama.— Reeve. The following species may be regarded as an immature form of excuratum rather than as a distinct species. Io Spillmaniti.— Shell smooth, attenuately conical, pale horn-color; spire regularly conical, striate above; sutures slightly impressed; whorls about ten, flattened, obtusely angular in the middle; aperture small, rhomboidal; outer lip sharp and sinuous; columella white and very much twisted; canal short and subeffuse. Habitat.—Tennessee River, Alabama? Wm. Spillman, M. D. Diameter, -46; length, 1:25 inches. Observations.— This species is nearly allied to modesta, herein described, but may be distinguished by its longer and more attenuate spire, the upper whorls being covered with regular close transverse strie. The channel is also rather longer and more twisted. One a littl iti PLEUROCERA. oi only of four specimens received is full grown. This has, above the angle of the last whorl, a few undefined tubercles. Below this angle there are five or six well defined transverse strive. None of the specimens have bands. Should adults generally be found with tubercles, then this species should be placed Fig. 110. in the tuberculate group and not in the smooth one, where I have now placed it in the above description. The aper- ture is nearly one-third the length of the shell. I have great pleasure in dedicating the species to Dr. Spillman, who has done so much for the natural history of his own & and other Southern States. : The typical excuratum differs widely enough from undulatum, Say, but there exist intermediate forms of a nature to perplex the naturalist. Among these may be mentioned P. ponderosum, Anth. (dux, Lea), with the tubercles and canal nearly obsolete and the revolving striz very faint, so that the surface of the shell appears at first sight flat and smooth; also annuliferum, Conr., in which the revolving lines are more strongly developed. These shells all partake of one general type and form a natural group of closely related species, at the least. 5. P.moniliferum, Lea. Trypanostoma moniliferum, LEA, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., p.172, 1862. Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci., v, pt. 3, p. 295, t. 36, f. 125, March, 1863. Obs., ix, p. 117. Jo nodosa, LEA, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., p. 393, 1861. Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci., vy, pt.3, p. 346, t. 39, f. 212, March, 1863. Obs.,ix, p. 168. Jo variabilis, LEA, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., p. 393, 1861. Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci., v, pt- 3, p. 347, t. 39, f. 214, March, 1863. Obs., ix, p. 169. Description. — Shell tuberculate, thick, pyramidal, yellowish or greenish, banded or without bands; spire high, pyramidal; sutures irregularly impressed; whorls about ten, flattened, striate below, sometimes obscurely sulcate, tuberculate on the periphery; aperture rather large, rhomboidal, within either white or salmon and generally double-banded; outer lip acute, very sinuous; columella thickened below and very much twisted. Operculum ovate, very dark brown, with the polar point near the base. Habitat. —Tennessee; Prof. Troost and Mr. Anthony: Florence, Alabama; Rev. G. White, Mr. Pybas and Mr. Thornton: Cumberland River; Dr. Powell: Ohio River, near the mouth in Illinois; J. Ronald- 08 LAND AND FRESH-WATER SHELLS OF N. A. [PART IV. on: New Harmony, Indiana; Mr. Carley and Mr. Sampson: Warrior River, Alabama; Prof. Brumby. Diameter, °67; length, 1°53 inches. Observations.— This is among the largest species of the Melanide which inhabit the waters of the United Fig. 111. States. It has usually been considered a variety of Melania (Trypanostoma) undulata, Say, but it is easily distinguished by its being longer and narrower in the outline, in having a greater number of whorls, and in having more and smaller tubercles on the periphery of the last whorl. This usually has twelve or thirteen, while undulata has seven or eight. Few individuals are without bands, and there are usually two broad ones more distinct within than without. These two bands are sometimes separated into four. The first three or four whorls are usually carinate. The tubercles, which are usually beautifully defined, are highly orna- mental, but usually do not exist above the ‘iitimate and penultimate whorls. This species seems to be widely distributed, and few or none of our species are more beautiful. There is usually a revolving raised line above, and parallel with, the row of tubercles. The color of the epidermis varies much. Some specimens are of a rich straw yellow, and others are greenish, while others again are of a deep olive-brown, with a fine natural polish. Some have the upper band so broad that a single whitish line is visible under the suture. This may be remarked more particularly in the specimens from the vicinity of New Harmony. The aperture is about one-third the length of the shell.— Lea. To nodosa.— Shell tuberculate, raised, conical, green- ish horn-color, banded; spire irregularly conical; sut- ures very much impressed; whorls about ten, flattened, tuberculate on the middle, striate below; aperture rather small, rhomboidal, banded within; outer lip sharp and sigmoid; columella white and very much twisted; canal rather short. Operculum -pyriform, spiral, dark chestnut-brown, with the polar point near to the basal margin. Habitat. —'Tennessee River, Alabama? Wm. Spillman, M. D. Diameter, °57; length, 1°58 inches. PLEUROCERA. 59 Observations.—This is one of those species of Melanide which we have considered to belong to the group with a regular channel at the base, like the genus Fusus, but which really belongs to the genus Jo, having other characters differing from Melania. It is nearly allied to the species which I described as Melania nobilis* in the Trans. Am. Phil. Soe., vol. x, pl. 9, fig. 48, from a single imperfect specimen. It is a smaller species, and is not so fusiform, haying a shorter channel, which is not quite so much twisted, and the nodules are not so large. The aperture is more than one-third the length of the shell. — Lea. Lo variabilis.— Shell smooth, raised, conical, subfusiform, banded, deep purple or greenish; spire regularly conical ; sutures slightly impressed; whorls about nine, flattened, angular in the middle; aperture elongately rhomboidal; outer lip sharp and sinuous; columella white or purple and very much twisted; canal long and narrow. Habitat.—Tennessee River, Alabama? Wm. Spillman, M.D. Diameter, °40; length, °88 of an inch. Observations. —A number were received from Dr. Spillman, but they are generally young, and the older specimens were much in- jured in the delicate fuse and outer lip. It is a small, thin species, with a well developed, nearly straight, channel. It seems to be a very variable species, some individuals being of intense purple, nearly black, while others are yellowish, with numerous bands; others again are greenish, without bands. Some are carinate towards the apex, while others are free from carination. There is a disposition in several to be tuberculate along the angle on the middle of the lower whorl. Generally there is a light line along the upper part of the whorls. The aperture is nearly one-half the length of the shell.—Zea. The four species wadulatum, excuratum, moniliferum and robustum are mainly distinguished by the following differ- ences :— Undulatum is a stout, broadly conical shell, strongly angled on the periphery and having large tubercles. The base is much flattened. Robustum, with much the same general outline, is not much angled on the periphery, with the inferior portion of the whorl «In transferring this to the genus Jo, I think it may properly be considered the type of a group of the genus, 60 LAND AND FRESH-WATER SHELLS OF N. A. [PART IV. longer and more convex. It bears the same general relation to wadulatum that Troostii does to eanaliculatum; and these shells may prove to be only tuberculate varieties of the others. Excuratum is a much longer, narrower species than either of the above, with the whorls almost flat, and the upper ones thickly striate. This feature is most apparent in the young shell (Spillmanii, of Lea). Moniliferum is not so narrow in its proportions as excu- ratum, and is generally beautifully banded. It differs from excuratum in the young shells being smooth instead of striate on the spire. _ 6. P. nobile, Lra. Melania nobilis, LEA, Philos. Proc., iv, p.165, Aug. 1845. Philos. Trans., x, p. 65, t. 9, f.48. Obs., iv, p. 65. BINNEY, Check List, No. 179. Io nobilis, Lea, ADAMS, Genera, i, p.299. Description.— Shell tuberculate, conical, rather thick, yellowish horn-color; spire elevated; sutures irregularly undulate; whorls flattened, in the middle tuberculate; aperture rather large, elongated, angular, and channelled at the base, within yellowish; columella twisted. Habitat.— Alabama. Diameter, °72; length, 1-7 inches. Observations.— This is among the finest of our American species. It is remarkable for its large size and extended sinus, which allies it to the genus Jo, in which it might, with no great impropriety, be placed. The specimen before me has eight whorls, and the broken apex would prob- ably present about three more. The central ones have a dark band below, and are of a rather bright horn-color above. In this specimen there is a rather coarse stria above the row of tubercles, and two smaller ones below. The margin of the outer lip is quite sinuous. It has some resemblance to M. excurata, Conr., but may be distinguished by having a larger fuse, and in the position of the tubercles, which are not oblique, as described in that shell. 'When other specimens shall be observed it may be found to differ in some of the characters described above. Aperture rather more than one-third the length of the shell.— Lea. | | | { PLEUROCERA. 61 Chiefly distinguished by the narrow lengthened canal which terminates the aperture. Mr. Lea’s figure being imperfect I have figured a specimen in Mr. Anthony’s collection. 7. P.robustum, Lea. Io robusta, LEA, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., p. 393, 1861. Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci., v, pt. 3, p. 346, t. 39, f. 213; March, 1863. Obs., ix, p. 168. Description.— Shell canaliculate, slightly tuberculate, raised, coni- cal, pale horn-color, obscurely banded below; spire regularly conical; sutures very much impressed; whorls about ten, flat- tened about the apex, channelled below; aperture rather small, rhomboidal, banced within; outer lip sharp and sigmoid; columella pale salmon color; channel rather short. Operculum ovately angular, spiral, very dark brown, with the polar point near to the basal margin. Habitat.— Tennessee River, Alabama? Wm. Spilt- man, M.D. Diameter, °76; length, 1-49 inches. Observations.— There are two specimens before me. Both have tubercles below the sulcate channel, but one has them much better developed than the other. The aperture within is pale salmon in both specimens, but this may not be constant. It is rather shorter in the channel than nodosa, herein described, and the spire is also shorter. The aperture is more than one-third the length of the shell.— Lea. This species is exceedingly closely allied to wndulatum but appears to be rather wider, more obtusely conical and more robust. The aperture is produced into a somewhat longer canal at the base than that species usually exhibits. The figure is a copy of that of Mr. Lea. 62 LAND AND FRESH-WATER SHELLS OF N. A. [PART IV. B. Sul 8. P. canaliculatum, Say. Melania canaliculata, SAY, Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci., ii, p. 175, January, 1821. BINNEY’S Reprint, p. 65. BINNEY, Check List, No. 45. DEKAY, Moll. N. Y., p. 94. WHEATLEY, Cat. Shells U. S., p. 24. RAVENEL, Cat., p.11. JAy,Cat., 4th edit., p- 273. ANTHONY, List, lst and 2nd edits. KIRTLAND, Report Zool. Ohio, p. 174. CaTLow, Conch. Nomenc., p. 185. BROT, List, p. 80. REEVE, Monog. Mel., sp. 304. Jo canaliculata, Say, MORCH, Yoldi Cat., p. 56. Ceriphasia canaliculata, Say, CHENU, Manuel, Conchyl. i, f. 1959. Ceriphasia canaliculata, Say, ADAMS, Genera, i, p. 297. Melunia conica, SAY, Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci., ii, p. 176, January, 1821. BINNEY’S Reprint, p. 70. BINNEY, Check List, No. 65. REEVE, Monog. Mel., sp. 252, DEKAY, Moll. N. Y., p. 95. RAVENEL, Cat., p. 11. HALDEMAN, Monog. Limniades, No. 7, p. 4 of Cover. Brov, List, p. 30. KrRTLAND, Rep. Zool. Ohio, p. 174. ANTHONY, List, 1st and 2nd edits. Jay, Cat., 4th edit., p. 273. WHEATLEY, Cat. Shells U. S., p. 24. Carnow, Conch. Nomenc., p. 186. SOWERBY, Mollusca, Fauna Boreali Americana, iii, p. 316, 1836. Melania substricta, HALDEMAN, Suppl. to Monog. of Limniades. Pirena plana (Jan.), BROT, Mel., p. 60, note. ‘ Strombus Sayt, Woop, Index Testaceol. Suppl., t. 4, f. 24. Melania Sayi (Wood), SHORT and EATON, Notices, p. 82. ANTHONY, List, Ist and 2nd edits. Melania Sayi, Ward, WHEATLEY, Cat. Shells U. S., p. 27. Melania Sayi, Ward, KIRTLAND, Rept. Zool. Ohio, p. 174. JAY, Cat., 4th edit., p. 274. HIGGINS, Cat., p. 7. Melania Sayi, Deshayes, CATLOW, Conch. Nomenc., p. 188. Meiania Sayi, DESHAYES, Encyc. Meth. Vers., ii, p. 427, 1830. Melania exarata, MENKE, Syn. Meth., p. 135, 1830. BINNEY, Check List, No. 100, Ma mia ligata, MENKE, Syn. Meth., p. 236, 1830. BINNEY, Check List, No. 162. Melania auriscalpium, MENKE, Syn. Meth., p. 135, 1830. BINNEY, Check List, No. 23. Gyrotoma conica, Say, ADAMS, Genera, i, p. 305. Description.— Shell tapering, horn-color; volutions about seven, slightly wrinkled; spire towards the apex much eroded, whitish; body, with a large obtuse groove, which is obsolete upon the whorls of the spire in consequence of the revolution of the suture on its infe- rior margin; this arrangement permits the superior margin of the groove only, to be seen on the spire, in the form of an obtuse carina on each of the volutions; aperture bluish-white within with one or two obsolete revolving sanguineous lines; labrum slightly undulated by the groove and with a distinct sinus at the base of the columella. Habitat.— Ohio River. . Breadth, three-fifths of an inch; length, one inch and one-tenth. Greatest transverse diameter more than two-fifths. Very common at the Falls of the Ohio River. It is probably the largest species of this genus in the United States, and may be readily distinguished from its congeners by its broad groove.—Say. et i rica at a —— PLEUROCERA. 63 The deep sulcus which distinguishes Mr. Say’s Mel. canalicu- lata, in its typical form, shades off so gradually into a smooth, flattened surface, that not only is it difficult to arrange the species of this group, but it is even doubtful whether many of the species which are placed in other groups are really distinct. Especially, may it be doubted whether the small shells recently described by Mr. Lea under pig. 120, pig. 118. Fig.117. igs 19. the names of Divittatum, pami- 0 lum, simplex, etc., are distinct from the young of canalicula- tum. Mr. Say describes the young shell of canaliculata as Melania conica. It is differently formed from the adult shell and does not possess the sulcated body- whorl. The illustrations of this species, all drawn from specimens, exhibit the various stages of growth, etc. Fig. 116 is a tall, slender form from the Ohio River, scarcely suleate. No. 117 represents a stunted specimen also from the Ohio. -No. 119 is from Tennessee River. No. 120 is a quite young shell from the Falls of the Ohio. No. 122 isa heavy northwestern form ; the specimen probably came from the interior of Ohio. No. 121, a beautiful sharply sculptured form, is from Tennessee. Nos. 117, 118,119 represent the MW. conica of Say. It will be seen that there is much variation of form in this species; so the color also varies from a light green and yellow to a dark brown or nearly black and is either uniform or banded. The area of geographical distribution is very great, extending from the interior of Ohio to Alabama and through Indiana and Illinois. The following is Mr. Say’s description of M. conica. — Shell conic, rapidly attenuating to an acute apex, very slightly wrinkled, olivaceous; suture not deeply impressed; volutions seven or eight; aperture oblique, equalling the second, third, and fourth whorls conjunctly. Var. A. With from one to three revolving, rufous or blackish lines. 64 LAND AND FRESH-WATER SHELLS OF N. A. [PART IY. Habitat. — Ohio River. Length, nearly three-fifths inch; of the aperture, one-fourth inch. Observations. — May be readily distinguished from M. Virginica by the much more rapid attenuation of the spire, and in the proportional difference in the length of the aperture, which in the Virginica is not more than equal to the length of the second and third whorls. — Say- Melania substricta was proposed by Prof. Haldeman instead of conicu under the impression that the latter name was pre- occupied. He afterwards used the name for a new species. The following species, described by Menke, are all synonymes of canaliculatum : Melania exarata.— Shell conically turreted, acute; apex eroded; striate, greenish-brown; last whorl encircled by two transverse sulci, plane between; the other whorls carinate in the middle; aperture obliquely ovate; lips alate, arcuate, margined within, extreme margin subreflected. Habitat. — Ohio River, at Cincinnati. Long., 13 lin. ; lat., 6 lin. — Menke. Melania ligata.— Shell turreted, apex eroded, truncate, with trans- verse acute strie, below sulcate, corneous; whorls seven, convex, the last bifasciate, the others singly banded. Habitat.— Ohio River, at Cincinnati. Long., 9 lin.; lat., 34 lin.— Menke. Melania auriscalpium.—Shell turreted, apex truncately eroded, smooth, corneous, whorls six, convex, the last doubly banded, the others singly banded; lip arcuate, sub-alate, produced in front. Habitat.— Ohio River, near Cincinnati. Long., 10; lat., 34 lin.— Menke. It is questionable whether P. canaliculatum is really distinet from P. undulatum; indeed, the transition between the smooth and tubercled surface is so gradual, and the range and development of the two species in different localities so exactly similar that I am inclined to think them identical, but like Mr. Lea and Prof. Haldeman, who entertain the same views, I do not feel at liberty to unite them as yet. As an illustration of the great difficulty attending the deter- mination of species in this family, I figure (fig. 123) a depauper- ate specimen of canaliculatum furnished me by Prof. Haldeman. Fig. 123. a i ia i tat tt tt cee cm Ne i i ie PLEUROCERA. 65 9. P. filum, Lea. Melania filum, LEA, Philos. Proc., iv, p. 165. Philos. Trans., x, p. 62, t. 9, f. 41. Obs., iv, p. 62. BrnnEy, Check List, No. 109. Brot, List, p. 30. REEVE, Monog. Mel., sp. 402? Elimia filum, Lea, CHENU, Man. Conchy1., i, f. 1980. ADAMS, Genera, i, p. 300, Description.— Shell carinate, conical, rather thin, dark horn-color; spire elevated; sutures impressed; whorls flattened, carinate in the Fig. 125a. Fig. 126. Fig. 127. middle; aperture small, rhomboidal, angular at the base, within whitish, columella twisted. Flabitat.— Alabama. Diameter, -47; length, 1:06 inches. Observations.— A single specimen only of this species was sub- mitted to me by Major LeConte. It is very nearly allied to I. elevata, Say, but may be distinguished by its thread-like carina on the middle of the whorls, which, on the superior ones, presents a mere simple line. The outer lip is remarkably patulous, presenting the auger- shaped lip which belongs to a certain group of the Melanie. The apex being imperfect, the number of whorls cannot be ascertained. There are eight visible on this specimen, and it probably possesses ten in a perfect state. The aperture is about one-third the length of the shell.— Lea. This species has by many been considered a variety of canaliculatum ; my impression is, that it is well distinguished by its more strictly conical shape, flattened whorls, 4nd more elevated carina on the periphery. It almost entirely replaces canaliculatum in the waters of Tennessee (I have seen numer- ous specimens from all portions of the state), and, if specifically identical with the latter species, must at least be distinguished as a local variety. The type figure which I have copied (fig. L.F. W.5. IV. 5 66 LAND AND FRESH-WATER SHELLS OF N. A. [PART IV. 124) is very poor, and in fact looks much like the young of P. ponderosum. 10. P. ponderosum, Say. Melania ponderosa, ANTHONY, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., Feb., 1860, p.59. BINNEY, Check List, No. 213. Brot, List, p. 59. Trypanostoma dux, LEA, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., p. 170, 1862. Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci., Vv, pt. 3, p. 283, t. 36, f. 105. Obs., ix, p. 105. Description.— Shell conic, broad, smooth, olivaceous, thick; spire considerably but not acutely elevated; whorls 7-8, subconvex; lines of growth curved and strong; sutures distinct; aper- ture rhombic, rather small, whitish within; columella indented, outer lip much curved forward, forming a broad, well marked sinus at base. Habitat.— Tennessee. Observations.— One of the most ponderous of the genus. Inform it resembles MW. canaliculata, Say, but has not the channel of that species, and differs also in the aperture. The body-whorl is strongly keeled about the middle, and has another and less clearly defined carina about midway between the first and the suture above. The lines of growth are very strong and occasionally varicose. A strong deposit of white callus is found upon the columella, which is much thickened near the base.— Anthony. At a meeting of the New York Lyceum of Natural History held in June, 1860, Dr. Budd referred this species to Mr. Con- rad’s eacurata. I have already remarked upon the resemblance in the description of the latter species. There can be no doubt that Mr. Lea’s 7. duw is a synonyme. Mr. Lea’s description here follows. The figure of ponderosa is from the original type, that of dua is copied from Mr. Lea’s. Trypanostoma dux.— Shell carinate, pyramidal, thick, reddish- brown; spire much raised; sutures slightly impressed; whorls about nine, flattened; aperture rather large, rhombic, pale salmon-color within and very much twisted. Operculum subpyriform, dark brown, with polar point near to the basal line. Habitat.— Tennessee River; Dr. W. Spillman: Fox River, Illinois; J. Sampson; Oostenaula: Rev. G. White: Tuscumbia; B. Pybas. Diameter, ‘75; length, 1°80 inches. PLEUROCERA. 67 Observations.— This is the largest species of Trypanostoma of our country which I have seen. It is nearly two inches Fig. 129. long and is athletic. It is closely allied to Melania ( Trypanostoma) canaliculata and undulata, Say, which two may indeed be only varieties of each other. It has a carina like each of them, and this is sometimes slightly nodulous like the latter, and there is a slight furrow-like impression above the carina which reminds one of the former. The whorls are remark- ably flat and the color of the epidermis is more brownish. Three specimens out of six before me are more or less banded inside. The specimen from Tuscumbia is whitish inside and has two indistinct bands. Itis an imperfect specimen, and may really not belong to this species. The aperture is more than one-fourth the length of the shell.— Lea. 11. P. Troostii, Lea. Trypanostoma Troostii, LEA, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., p. 171, 1862. Jour, Acad. Nat. Sci., v, pt. 3, p. 285, t. 36, f. 107. Obs., ix, p.107. Trypunostoma viride, LEA, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., p. 172, 1862. Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci., v, pt. 3, p.291, t. 36, f.119. Obs., ix, p. 113. Trypanostoma tigatum, LEA, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., p. 171, 1862. Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci., v, pt. 3, p. 288, 6. 36, f. 114. Obs., ix, p. 110. Description.— Shell carinate, conical, very much inflated, yellowish horn-color or greenish, banded or without bands; sutures irregularly and very much impressed; whorls about nine, rather impressed, some- times channelled; aperture targe, rhom- Fig. 130, Fig. 131. 3 whe : s boidal, whitish and sometimes banded within; outer lip acute, sinuous; columella thickened below and very much twisted. Habitat.— Tennessee; Prof. G. Troost: Florence, Alabama; Rev. G. White: Oos- tenaula River, Georgia; Bishop Elliot: Fox River, near New Harmony, Indiana; J. Sampson. Diameter, °64; length, 1°29 inches. Observations.— I have five specimens before me; that from the late Prof. Troost (after whom I have great pleasure in naming it), I have 68 LAND AND FRESH-WATER SHELLS OF N. A. [PART IV. had for along time. It is one of the largest species we have in the Fig. 132. United States. It is perhaps nearest to Melania (Trypa- nostoma) canaliculata, Say. It is, however, more inflated, the aperture is larger and the columella more extended. All the specimens are not channelled, but all are more or less carinate at the periphery. Two of the specimens are obscurely banded «inside, and one very much banded inside and out. The old specimens are thickened inside the edge of the lip. The aperture is more than one-third the length of the shell.— Lea. Without making a positive decision in this matter I am in- clined to believe that 7. Troostii is distinct from canaliculatum. It appears to be more inflated in its form, not so flatly conical, with a longer, rounded base. The specimens before me convince me, however, that 7’. vir- ide and ligatum are only young shells of the same species. I give Mr. Lea’s descriptions of the latter two. The figures are copied from his plate. Trypanostoma viride.—Shell subsulcate, somewhat thick, subfusi- form, olivaceous; spire obtusely conical; sutures much impressed ; whorls seven, convex, the last slightly canaliculate; aperture rather large, rhomboidal, purple or whitish within; outer lip acute, Fig. 133. f sinuous; columella thickened below and slightly twisted. Habitat.— Tennessee; Prof. Troost. Diameter, -48; length, -89 of an inch. Observations.—I have about a dozen specimens before me, all of which have the same olive-green hue. They have been in my possession a long time, and I had put them among the young of Melania ( Trypanostoma) candli- culata, Say. I have now no doubt but that they are distinct from that large species. None of them are half the size, the color is darker and they are wider in proportion. The revolving furrow above the periphery of the last whorl is hardly observable in some specimens. Every one of my specimens has a purplish-brown spot at the base of the columella, and in some specimens this color pervades the whole of the interior. The aperture is more than a third of the length of the shell.— Lea. Trypanostoma ligatum.— Shell carinate, subfusiform, rather thick, inflated, shining, with or without bands, yellowish-olive; spire ob- PLEUROCERA. 69 tusely conical; sutures impressed; whorls seven, slightly convex, the last very large, corded on the periphery; aperture large, rhom- boidal, obscurely banded within; outer lip acute, sinuous; columella thickened below, with reddish spots at the base, and much contorted, Habitat.— Tennessee; Prof. Troost: Cumberland River; C. T. Downie: North Alabama; Prof. Tuomey: Ohio River, at Cincinnati; U. P. James. Diameter, 38; length, *71 of an inch. Observations.— This is a short thick species with a fine natural olivaceous polish. A specimen from Prof. Troost has been in my possession many years, and is the most perfect. It has two obscure bands inside. Another I recently obtained from Dr. Hartman, who received it from Prof. Tuomey. A third is an old eroded specimen, quite brown, sent by Mr. Downie. Ay After the above description was made, I received from Mr. é i James four specimens, neither of them entirely mature, which he took in the Ohio River at Cincinnati. Two only have the ligatures round the periphery of the last whorl. Two have four bands, one has two well-defined bands and two are with- out. One of the two without bands is of very dark brown, and the other very light brown. The aperture is nearly one-half the length of the shell. The obsolete bands within are dark brown, but the spot at the base of the columella is of a bright reddish color. The upper part of the whorls, which are slightly rounded, is of a yellowish color. Very different from the description of Melania ligata, described by Menke, Synopsis, 82.— Lea. j Fig. 134, be vi 12. P. affine, Lra. Trypanostoma affine, LEA, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., p.4, 1864. Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci., vi, p. 145, t. 23, f. 57, 1867. Description.— Shell channelled, pyramidal, horn-color; spire very much raised; sutures regularly impressed; whorls about nine, chan- nelled, flattened above; aperture subrhomboidal, whitish or banded within; outer lip acute, sigmoid; columella thickened and very much twisted. Habitat.— Smith’s Shoals, Cumberland River, East Tennessee. Diameter, 60; length 1-35 inches. Observations.— This species is allied to Thorntonii (nobis), and be- longs to the group of which canaliculatum, Say, may be considered 70 LAND AND FRESH-WATER SHELLS OF N. A. [PART IV. the type. It differs from that species in having a longer fuse or basal channel, in which character it approaches the genus Jo. It is closely allied to moniliferum (nobis), but differs in having a shorter spire; being channelled on the periph- Fig. 135. ery and having no nodules. There is usually a well defined channel above the periphery, the middle of the lower whorl being carinate. Below the earina there is usually a single stria. Two specimens of the four before me have a broad single band on the upper whorls and several bands in the interior. The base of the colu- mella is very much twisted backwards, and the edge of the outer lip is disposed to be thickened. The aperture is rather more than one-third the length of the shell.— Lea. 13. P.moriforme, Lra. Trypanostoma moriforme, LEA, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., p.172, 1852. Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci., v, pt. 3, p. 290, t.36,f.118. Obs., ix, p. 112. Description.— Shell sulcate, subcylindrical, solid, single banded, horn-color; spire obtusely conical; sutures impressed; whorls about nine, impressed canaliculate; aperture rather small, rhombic, white within, with a single band; outer lip acute, very sinuous; columella thickened below and very much twisted. Habitat.— Oostenaula River, near Rome, Georgia; Rev. G. White: Tennessee River; Dr. Spillman: Tuscumbia, Alabama; B. Pybas. Diameter, °52; length, 1:08 inches. Observations.— This is a well characterized species. I have nearly forty specimens from different habitats before me. It is nearly allied to Melania ( Trypanostoma) infras Sasciata, Anthony, but it differs in being more solid and being subcylindrical as well as having a more contracted aperture. It has very much the same kind of fine line near the base. It is not quite so angular. The aperture is not quite one-third the length of the shell. It belongs to the group of which Melania (Try- panostoma) canaliculata, Say, may be considered the type.— Lea. The figure is a copy of Mr. Lea’s. The peculiar features of this species appear to be well preserved in several specimens before me. Partaking of the general features of canaliculatum, it is yet distinguished by its more cylindrical, elongated form. PLEUROCERA. 71 14. P. Pybasii, Lea. Trypanostoma Pybasii, LEA, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., p. 172, 1852. Jour. Acad. Nat Sci., v, pt. 3, p. 289, t. 36, f. 115. Obs., ix, p. 111. Description.— Shell obtusely carinate, obtusely conical, solid, double- banded, greenish-brown; spire obtuse; sutures much impressed; whorls about eight, slightly convex; aperture small, rhombic, white and banded within; outer lip acute and very sinuous; colu- mella thickened below and very much twisted. Habitat.— Tuscumbia, Alabama; B. Pybas. Diameter, -46; length, 1°05 inches. Observations.— Quite a number of specimens were sent ” by Mr. Pybas, which are all very nearly alike. Some are rae foie darker than others. The angle on the periphery of the eS whorls is obtuse, and in many specimens obsolete. The - lower whorl is usually flattened, sometimes impressed, making quite a channel. It is near to 7. moriforme berein described, but is not so turgid, is of a darker color and has usually two dark bands inside; moriforme usually has a thin band but sometimes none. The length of the aperture is not quite one-third the length of the shell. I name this after Mr. B. Pybas, to whom I am indebted for it and many fine species from this vicinity.— Lea. 15. P. Showalterii, Lea. Trypanostoma Showalterti, LEA, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., p. 172, 1852, Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci., v, pt. 3, p. 293, t. 36, f. 122. Obs., ix, p. 115. Description.— Shell striate, sometimes smooth, much drawn ouf, subcylindrical, thick, horn-color or brown, sometimes banded below; spire much raised; sutures much impressed: whorls nine, somewhat flattened; aperture small, rhomboidal, whitish or salmon-color within ; outer lip sharp, somewhat sinuous; columella thickened below and very much twisted. d Operculum ovate, dark brown, with the polar point near to the base. Habitat.— Cahawba River, Alabama; Dr. E. R. Showalter: Tus- caloosa, Alabama; Dr. Budd: Oostenaula River, Georgia; Rev. G. White and Bishop Elliott. Diameter, ‘46; length, 1:38 inches. 72 LAND AND FRESH-WATER SHELLS OF N. A. [PART IV. Observations.— This is a very remarkable species, having a high subcylindrical spire and a small aperture. Six from the Oostenaula are all more or less striate, two of them having a well defined revolv- ing band near the base on the inside, one has an obsolete Fig. 138. band, and the remaining three are without a band. Three of these specimens are of a bright horn-color, the others are dark brown, and one has indistinct bands above the dark one. The thickened part of the columella in three specimens is of a light salmon. Three of the four from Cahawba River are slightly striate, the fourth smooth. These have no bands and are all white on the columella. The aperture is about one-fourth the length of the shell. I have great pleasure in naming this after Dr. Showalter, who has done so much in the development of the Mollusca of his State. This species is closely allied to Melania (Trypanostoma) Ordit (nobis), but it is more attenuate and more cylindrical.— Lea. C. Angulate, striate below the periphery. 16. P. Thorntonii, Lea. Trypanostoma Thorntonii, LEA, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., p. 170, 1862. Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci., v, pt. 3, p. 284, t. 36, f. 106. Obs., ix, p. 106. Description.— Shell carinate, pyramidal, rather thick, horn-color, banded or not banded; spire regularly elevated; sutures somewhat impressed; whorls about ten, flattened; aperture rather small, rhom- bic, white within; outer lip acute, very sinuous; columella Fig. 139. thickened below and very much twisted. 2 Operculum ovate, dark brown, with the polar point near to the base. Habitat.—Tuscumbia, Alabama; L. B. Thornton, Esq. and Rev. G. White: Chattanooga, Tennessee; J. Clark. Diameter, *62; length, 1°37 inches. Observations.— This appears to be a common species about Tuscumbia and up the Tennessee River. I have about sixty specimens before me. They came with a large number mixed up with Mel. (Trypanostoma) undulata, Say, but were easily separated from that species. They are always smaller, and none have undulations. Like wndulata they are usually banded; only eight are without bands entirely. Some specimens have a single PLEUROCERA. te broad revolving band on all the whorls, some have several bands, and others again have a capillary line visible on the inside only. Four are dark purplish-green, the color being caused by the broad bands on the inside. It is nearly allied to 7. moriforme herein described, but is not cylindrical. The specimens are usually of a very regular pyra- mid with a short base. The carina of the periphery is usually strong, but not always so. In this it is near to Melania (Trypanostoma) filum (nobis), but it is more slender than that species. The aperture is about one-third the length of the shell. Most of the specimens are slightly channelled on the lower whorl. I name it after L. B. Thorn- ton, Esq., to whom I am indebted for many fine specimens of this and other shells.— Lea. This species is shorter in the canal, possesses wider bands and wants the tubercles of moniliferwm which it otherwise much resembles. 17. P. trivittatum, Lea. Trypanostoma trivittatum, LEA, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., p. 175, 1862. Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci., v, pt.3, p. 282, t. 36, f. 102, Obs.,ix, p. 104. Description.— Shell smooth, subfusiform, rather thin, shining, oliva- ceous, three-banded; spire conical, pointed, carinate at the apex; sutures line-like; whorls, eight, flattened, the last cne being large; aperture rather large, rhombic, banded within; outer lip acute, sinuous; columella slightly thickened and incurved. Operculum ovate, dark brown, with the polar point near the base. Habitat.— Tombigbee River, Mississippi; Wm. Spillman, M.D. Diameter, °39; length, :78 of an inch. Observations.—I have examined about twenty specimens of this species and find them differing very slightly. Every one has three bands, the lower two of which are more distinct on the outside than the upper one, while inside they are well defined and much alike. Three of the specimens are very dark, almost purple, but the bands are distinguishable inside. There is a white line immediately below the sutures. In some specimens there is a disposition to be somewhat angular on the periphery, below which there are transverse strie in some individuals. The aperture is about three-eighths the length of the shell.— Lea, 74 LAND AND FRESH-WATER SHELLS OF N. A. [PART IV. Very closely allied to P. Thorntonii, but a little more con- vex, with longer canal. 18. P. infrafasciatum, ANTHONY. Melania infrafasciata, ANTHONY, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., p. 57. Feb., 1860. BINNEY, Check List, No. 148. Brov, List, p. 30. REEVE, Monog. Melania, sp. 301. Description.— Shell conical, smooth, solid, of a pale brown color, form moderately slender and elevated; whorls 8-9, decollate, slightly concave; sutures distinct; lines of growth curved and very distinct; body-whorl decidedly concave, with a well marked ridge revolving near the summit of the aperture, so as to make a tolerably sharp angle near the middle of the body-whorl; two or three coarse striz revolve parallel with it; below this is a dark brown band, continued around the base of the shell; aperture rhombic, ovate, livid and banded within; columella strongly incurved, with a callous deposit its whole length and well defined sinus at base. Observations.— Compared witb I. gradata, nobis, it is more elongate, more solid and has not the carina and regularly graded whorls so char- acteristic of that species ; less conical than WM. canaliculata, Say, and less broad. Like MW. annulifera, Con., in form, but has not the revolving cost of that species.— Anthony. The figure above is from Mr. Anthony’s type. 18a. P. fastigiatum, ANTHONY. Milania fastigiata, ANTHONY, Ann. N. Y. Lyc., vi, p. 113, t. 3, f. 13, March, 1854. BruyneEy, Check List, No. 108. REEVE, Monog. Melania, sp. 302. Description.— Shell conical, smooth, moderately thick; of a pale yellowish-green color, ornamented with two distinct, distant, reddish- brown bands on each whorl, except those near the apex, which are carinate; spire elevated, rising from the broad body-whorl with regularly decreasing volume in a pyram- idal form to the acute apex; whorls ten, not convex, with rather indistinct sutures in a furrowed channel; lines of growth curved and strong, particularly on the penult and body-whorl, where they are almost folds; body-whorl dis- tinctly carinated, having one carina at the middle, another — short distance below, with a broad band immediately above the carine, and PLEUROCERA. 75 another far within, near the base. Aperture small, subrhomboidal, whitish within, three bands visible in the interior; columella nearly straight, a little thickened, outer lip very much curved, auger-like; sinus narrow, recurved. Hahitat.— Tennessee. Diameter, -38 of an inch (10 millim.); length, -80 of an inch (20 millim.). Length of aperture, 32 of an inch (8 millim.); breadth of aperture, *16 of an inch (4 millim.), Observations.— A fine symmetrical species, which is, perhaps, most nearly allied to YW. vestita, Conr.; from that shell it differs in being less ponderous, more acute in its outline, and in its flat whorls, the MW. vestita being angulated below the middle; it has also a double band, while vestita has a single one. From JM. elevata, Say, it differs by its less slender outline, its want of ‘thread-like carine” on the whorls, and its lines of growth are more curved, more elevated and more distant; differs from J. spinalis, Lea, by not having carinated whorls, by its more delicate color, and it has not the superior part of the whorl darker than below, as described in I. spinalis.— Anthony. Figured from the type. This species is very close to Thorn- tonii, Lea, but its outline is narrower. It may also be com- pared with infrafasciatum, but differs in having more acutely earinated whorls and a-longer, more distinct fuse. The two narrow bands are present in all the specimens I have examined. 19. P. Postellii, Lra. Trypanostoma Postellii, LEA, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., p. 171, 1862. Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci., v, pt. 3, p. 286, t. 36, f.110. Obs., ix, p. 108. Description.— Shell carinate, pyramidal, rather thick, horn-color; spire regularly conical; whorls eight, flattened, the last rather small; aperture very small, rhomboidal, whitish within; outer lip acute, very sinuous; columella thickened below and very much twisted. Habitat.—Tennessee River; J. Postell: North Alabama; Prof. Tuomey. Diameter, -35; length, °85 of an inch. Observations.—I have from Mr. Postell eight specimens, and from Professor Tuomey, five. They vary very little, but most of them are imperfect at the apex or outer lip. This species very closely 76 LAND AND FRESH-WATER SHELLS OF N. A. [PART IV. resembles Thorntonii herein described, but isa much sinaller species, with a smaller aperture and compressed whorls. All the specimens before me are more or less angulate on the periphery. None have bands. The aperture is about two-ninths the length of the shell. I name this after Mr. Postell, to whom I am indebted for specimens of this and many other new species of Mollusca.— Lea. This species is closely allied to infrafasciatum but may be distinguished by its whorls being more flattened, and by its narrower form. 20. P. incurvum, Lza. Trypanostoma incurvum, LEA, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., p.171, 1862. Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci., v, pt. 3, p. 286, t. 36, f. 109. Obs., ix, p. 108. Description.— Shell carinate, conical, rather thin, horn-color; spire somewhat elevated; sutures regularly impressed; whorls eight, flat- tened, obscurely striate below; aperture rather small, rhombical whitish within; outer lip acute, extremely sinuous; colu- Fig. 144. mella very much twisted. Habitat.— Florence, Alabama; Rev. G. White. Diameter, °37; length, -89 of an inch. Observations.— Among the Melanide sent to me by Mr. White, I found three specimens of this species which, being near to Thorntonii, herein described, evidently was supposed to be the same species. It is, however, a smaller, thinner and more slender species, and the remarkable sinuous edge of the outer lip at once marks the difference. The inward curve, starting at once in that direction from the suture, turns forward before it reaches the periph- ery of the whorl and again curves to the base, making a complete sigmoid curve. The aperture is about one-third the length of the shell.— Lea. This species resembles the last but is very distinct in the incurved tip. It differs from infrafasciatum by the same characters as Postellii. ; PLEUROCERA. Ta 21. P. Alabamense, Lea. Trypanostoma Alabamense, LEA, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., p. 171, 1862. Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci., v, pt. 3, p. 288, t. 36, f. 113. Obs., ix, p. 110. Description.— Shell carinate, somewhat thick, subfusiform, dark horn-color; spire somewhat attenuate; sutures regularly impressed ; whorls about eight, flattened, striate below; aperture rather small, rhomboidal, whitish within; outer lip acute, sinuous; colu- Fig. 145. mella blackened below and very much twisted... Habitat. —North Alabama; Prof. Tuomey: Florence, Alabama; Rev. G. White. Diameter, -46; length, 1:11 inches. Observations.—This species is allied to Florencense, herein described in outline, but is a much smaller species, less exserted in the spire, of a much lighter color and with fewer whorls. The three specimens before me differ but little in size or color, neither has a perfect apex, and therefore the character or the exact number of the upper whorls cannot be ascertained. They all have a few indistinct revolving strie below the periphery of the last whorl. The aperture is about one-third the length of the shell.— Lea. Very distinct from the preceding two species in the longer spire and canal. Dees We 8. LV. 7 98 LAND AND FRESH-WATER SHELLS OF N. A. [PART IV. between them; spire not remarkably elevated, but acute, of a rather convex outline; whorls 8-9, somewhat convex, and with sutures not prominent, but channelled; body-whorls with about four carine, the lowest one being indistinct; aperture small, subrhomboidal, with two bands in the interior, distant from each other and from the edge of the outer lip; outer lip much twisted, auger-like, causing the sinus, which is small, to curve backwards. Diameter, -28 inch (7 millim.); length, -60 inch (15 millim.). Length of aperture, -25 inch (6 millim.) ; breadth of aperture, ‘13inch (3 millim.). ITabitat. — Tennessee. Observations. — A heautiful little shell, of a singularly bright, lively appearance; the colors are well contrasted, very distinct, and the prominent carine add to the general effect. On the upper whorls, but one band is visible, the lower one being concealed, or nearly so, by the revolutions of the spire. It cannot well be compared with any other species.— Anthony. Mr. Anthony’s type is figured. The following is Mr. Lea’s description of Trypanostoma curtatum.— Shell smooth, pyramidal, yellowish, thick; whorls seven, flattened, the last one impressed; aperture rhomboidal, ‘whitish within; outer lip acute, expanded, very sinuous; columella thickened, bent in, and very much twisted. : Fig. 186. A én Fig. 187. Operculum ovate, dark brown, with polar point near the base on the left. Habitat. — Powell’s River, near Cumberland Gap, East Tennessee. Diameter, -41; length, 75 inch. Observations.— Quite a number of this species were sent to me by Major Lyon. It is a short thick species, witha well-characterized aperture, the columella being much thickened, drawn back and twisted. It is allied to T. pumilum and minor (nobis), but differs from both in having the sides flattened and being angular about the middle of the body-whorl. Very few of curtatum are banded, while all I have seen of the above two species are banded, and the epidermis polished. The aperture is about one-third the length of the shell. — Lea. PLEUROCERA. 99 40. P. aratum, Lea. Melania aratum, LEA, Philos. Proc. ii, p. 242, Dec., 1842. Philos. Trans. ix, p. 24. Obs., iv., p. 24. DEKAY, Moll. N. Y., p. 98. Brot, List, p. 30. Melania exarata, LEA, Philos. Proc. ii, p. 14, Feb., 1841. Philos. Trans., viii, p. 183, t.6, f.44. Obs., iii, p. 21. Troost, Cat. BINNEY, Check List, No. 101. Car- Low, Conch. Nomenc., p. 186. Ceriphasia exarata, Lea, ADAMS, Genera, i, p. 297. Trypanostoma cinctum, LEA, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., p. 112, 1864. Jour. Acad. Nat- Sci., vi, p. 147, t. 23, f. 60, 1867. Description.— Shell carinate, conical, rather thick, black; sutures rather deeply grooved; whorls flattened, carinate ; aperture small, at the base angular and channelled, dark within. Fig. 188. Fig. 189. Habitat.— Tennessee. Diameter, -28; length, °57 of an inch. Observations.— I received only two specimens of this species, both of which are decollated. It is perfectly distinct, and remarkable for its jetty hue, its carina and its deeply impressed sutures, which are caused by the carina. — Lea. First described as exarata, which was preoccupied by Menke. I suspect that this species is identical with Pl. gradatum, Anthony, the latter being the adult form. ‘The following is no doubt identical. Trypanostoma cinctum.—Carinate, subfusiform, somewhat thick, dark horn-color; spire somewhat raised; suture impressed; whorls Fig. 190. about seven, flattened; aperture rather small, rhomboidai, whitish within; outer lip acute and sinuous ; columella thick- ened and twisted below. ITabitat. — North Alabama. Diameter, °32; length, -65 inch. Observations.—A single specimen only was received, and it was among several specimens of Alabamense (nobis), to which it is allied; but it is evidently a smaller species, with a comparatively shorter spire and with a more developed angle on the periphery, which is accompanied by a furrow. The angle on the lower whorl is cord-like, while on the upper whorls it is sharper and has the furrow deeper above. There are no colored bands on this specimen, and I suspect that it will be found to be generally if not always 100 LAND AND FRESH-WATER SHELLS OF N. A. [PART IV. without them. The aperture is rather more than one-third the length of the shell. — Lea. 41. P. carinatum, Lra. Trypanostoma carinatum, LEA, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., p. 4, 1864. Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci., vi, p. 148, t. 23, f. 62, 1857. Shell carinate, acutely conical, reddish horn-color, thin, transparent ; spire acutely conical and sharp at the point; sutures very much Pig.191. impressed; whorls about nine, carinate and striate above; aperture rather small and rhomboidal; outer lip acute, sinuous ; columella somewhat thickened and twisted. Habitat.—Bull Run, tributary to Clinch River, East Tenn. Diameter, °19; length, -44 inch. Observations.—Two specimens only were received, having some- what the aspect of young shells, but I suspect they are nearly if not quite mature. It is evidently a delicate species. It has rather a wide channel, with the outer lip not much produced. In outline it resem- bles Melania (Goniobasis) sculptilis (nobis), but differs from it gener- ically as well as in being shorter in the spire and in not having deep strie over the whole of the whorls. The aperture is more than one-third the length.of the shell.— Lea. That this species 7s very young is evident, and I have a conviction that it will be found to be the quite young of P. aratum. 42. P.lativittatum, Lra. Trypanostoma lativittatum, LEA, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., p. 273, 1862. Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci., v, pt. 3, p. 352, t. 39, f. 223. Obs., ix, p. 174. Description.— Shell carinate, subattenuate, rather thin, shining, dark, broadly banded; spire conical; sutures linear; whorls about seven, flattened above, yellow at the base; aperture small, subrhomboidal, broadly banded within; outer lip sharp, sinuous; columella bent in, thickened below. Habitat.— Chikasaha River, Alabama; W. Spillman, M. D. Diameter, :26; length, °62 inch. Observations.— This is a small, gracefully formed species, with a Fig. 192. very broad, intensely brown band around the middle of the whorl. There is a second narrow band immediately under the suture. The PLEUROCERA. 101 angle forming the carina is continued, is well defined on all the whorls, and immediately below it is a hair-like elevated line parallel toit. The area at the base of the columella is of a fine yellow, and contrasts sharply with the dark-brown band above. It is aglied to Chikasahaensis (nobis), but differs in being more gracefully slender, having different bands and less impressed sutures. The aperture is about one-third the length of the shell. — Lea. 42a. P.strictum, Lea. Trypanostoma strictum, LEA, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., p. 272, 1862. Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci., v; pt. 3, p. 352, t. 39, f. 224. Obs., ix, p. 174. Description.—Shell carinate, rather attenuate, thin, semi-transparent, pale horn-color, single banded; spire regularly conical; sutures lin- ear; whorls about six, flattened above; aperture rather Fig. 193, small, rhomboidal, whitish and single banded within; outer lip sharp, slightly sinuous; columella slightly bent in and twisted. Habitat.—South Carolina; Prof. L. Vanuxem. Diameter, :24; length, °G0 inch. Observations.—Among the numerous mollusca bronght from the South long since by my friend, the late Prof. Vanuxem, I found a single specimen of this species, which is different from all others brought by him. I do not know from what part of South Carolina it came, but probably from Spartanburg District, as many of his spec- imens were from there. This is a small, very regularly formed species. in general outline near to Jativittatum, herein described, but totally different in the band, that species having it broad and dark while this is hair-like and pale. It is also more fusiform. The aperture is more than one-third the length of the shell. — Lea. P. lativittatum has a line below the angle which this shell has not. 43. P. modestum, LxEa. Io modesta, LEA, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., p. 394, 1861. Jour. Acad, Nat. Sci., v, pt. 3, p. 348, t.39, f. 216. Obs., ix, p. 170. Description.—Shell smooth, conical, greenish horn-color; spire regularly conical; sutures impressed; whorls nine, flattened, anguiar 102 LAND AND FRESH-WATER SHELLS OF N. A. [PART IV. in the middle; aperture small, regularly rhomboidal; outer lip sharp and sinuous; columella white and very much twisted; canal short and effuse. Habitat.—Tennessee River, Alabama? Wm. Spillman, M. D. Diameter, °39; length, °88 inch. Fig. 194. Observations.—I have about a dozen of various ages before me. There is no variation in them, either in color or form, but some are slightly carinate towards the apex. None have bands. The channel is short and the outer lip flat- tened out, so that this species closely impinges on the auger mouthed Melanide. None before me have the least appear- ance of colored bands. It is allied to Spilimanii, herein described, but is a shorter shell and not so attenuate. The aperture is more than one-third the length of the shell. — Lea. This is evidently a young shell, but whether a distinct species or not I cannot say. 44. P. Leaii, Tryon. To viridula, LEA, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., p. 394, 1861. Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci., v, pt. 3, p. 349, t. 39, f. 218. Obs., ix, p. 171. Description.—Shell smooth, cylindrico-conoidal, greenish; spire somewhat raised; suture slightly impressed; whorls about nine, flat- tened, obtusely angular in the middle; aperture rather Fig. 195. small, rhomboidal; outer lip sharp, sinuous; columella Ce purple at the base, slightly twisted; canal short and dilate. Habitat.—Coosa River, Alabama; Wm. Spillman, M. D. Diameter, :40; length, *98 inch. Observations.—There are three adult specimens before me. Neither has a perfect spire, but the upper whorls show slight carination. There are a few obscure transverse striz below the angle of the last whorl. The general color is of a faded dark olive-green. Along the sutures the coloris light. Within the aperture the color is dull purple in two specimens; in the third, there are four obscure, broad bands. The aperture is a little more than > one-fourth the length of the shell. This species has so short a channel and so dilated an outer lip, that it is little removed from the group of Melanide, which has the auger-shaped aperture, and which I have called Trypanostoma. — Lea. PLEUROCERA. 103 Figured from Mr. Lea’s plate. The name viridula being preoccupied by Mr. Anthony, I gladly avail myself of the present opportunity to dedicate this species to a gentleman who by his immense labors conducted during a period of nearly forty years, has done more for the science of conchol- ogy than any other American naturalist. It is closely allied in form to P. Tuomeyi, Lea, but differs in the striate spire and in the form of the aperture strikingly. In the latter respect it presents rather an unusual type among the Pleuro- cere. 45. P. Tuomeyi, Lra. Trypanostoma Tuomeyi, LEA, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., p. 171, 1862. Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci., v, pt. 3, p. 287, t. 36, f. 111. Obs., ix, p. 109. Description. — Shell carinate, somewhat thick, high conical, dark brown; spire attenuate conical; sutures scarcely impressed; whorls about ten, flattened; aperture small, rhomboidal, very dark : ; . ; Fig. 196, within; outer lip sharp, sinuous; columella a little thick- mn ened below and very much contorted. Habitat.— North Alabama; Prof. Tuomey: Florence, Ala- bama; Rey. G. White. Diameter, °45; length, 1:23 inches. Observations.—I have about a dozen specimens before me from the two habitats. In outline and size it is perhaps nearest to Melania (Trypanostoma) elongata (nobis) from West Tennessee, but it is easy to distinguish it from that species, by its being rather more slender and its being darker. In outline and color it is very close to Melania (Trypanostoma) Brumbyt (nobis), but it differs in the form of the mouth and in not being striate. The aperture is rather more than one-fourth the length of the shell. I have great pleasure in dedicating this species. to my deceased friend, Prof. Tuomey, to whom I am greatly indebted for many new and interesting species collected by himself while engaged in his geological survey of the State of Alabama.— Lea. Closely allied to pyrenellum, Conr., but differing in the better developed canal, etc. 104 LAND AND FRESH-WATER SHELLS OF N. A. [PART IV. 46. P. gracile, Lra. Jo gracilis, LEA, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., p. 394, 1861. Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci., v, pt. 3, p. 349, t. 39, f.217. Obs., ix, p. 171. Description.— Shell smooth, conical, pale purple; spire regularly conical; sutures regularly impressed; whorls about nine, flattened. Fig. 197. angular in the middle; aperture rather small, rhomboidal; outer lip acute and sinuous; columella pale purple, very much twisted and bent out; canal short and widely effuse. Habitat.— Coosa River, Alabama; Wm. Spillman, M. D. Diameter, °36; length, -90 inch. Observations.—I have two adults before me. They are precisely alike, except that one has an obscure band visible in the inside. It is a graceful, symmetrical species, with a slight purplish tint which is stronger at the base than at the apex. It is allied to Jo Spillmanii on one side and to Jo viridula on the other, both herein described. The epidermis is rather more shining than usual, and the channel is short and wide. The upper part of the whorls, below the line of the suture, is lighter. The aperture is about one-third the length of the shell.—Lea. The figure is from Mr. Lea’s plate. 47. P. Spillmanii, Lea. Trypanostoma Spillmanii, LEA, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., p. 173, 1862. Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci., v, pt. 3, p. 271, t. 36, f. 82. Obs., ix, p. 86. Description.— Shell smooth, regularly conical, dark olive; spire much raised; sutures regularly impressed; whorls about Fig. 198. nine, flattened; aperture rather small, rhomboidal, white within, sometimes banded; outer lip acute, sinuous; colu- mella white and very much twisted. Operculum ovate, reddish-brown, rather thin, with the polar point near the base. Habitat.— Noxubee River, Mississippi; Wm. Spillman, M. D.: and Tennessee; J. Clark. Diameter, -46; length, 1-20 inches. Observations.—Six specimens are before me, one of them is slightly carinate. In some there is a disposition to put on a whit- PLEUROCERA. 105 ish line below the suture. The aperture is about one-third the length of the shell. I have great pleasure in naming this species after my friend Dr. Spillman. — Lea. This species appears to me to be very closely allied to pyren- ellum on one side and to elevatum on the other side. 48. P. planogyrum, ANrHony. Melania planogyra, ANTMONY, Ann. Lyc. N. Y., vi, p. 111, t. 3, f. 11, March, 1854. BINNEY, Check List, No. 207. Brow, List, p. 30. REEVE, Monog. Melania, 8p. 382. Description.— Shell conical, rather smooth, thick; of a dull, dark horn-color, unrelieved by any other except a rather indistinct, brown band, revolving near the base of each whorl, immediately below which a raised, rounded, subcrenulated ridge revolves Fig. 199. between it and the suture below; spire much but not acutely elevated, with a nearly rectilinear out- line; whorls ten to eleven, flat or concave, and with a well-impressed, channelled suture; aperture small, rhomboidal, diaphanous, exhibiting the dark band of the exterior through its substance very faintly, far within; columella deeply curved, not indented, thick- ened at base; outer lip angularly curved, extended forwards; sinus rather broad, not deep. Diameter, *46 inch (12 millim.); length, 1°37 inches (34 millim.). Length of aperture, *40 inch (10 millim.); breadth of aperture, °24 inch (6 millim.). Habitat.—Alabama. My cabinet. Observations.—A stout species which most resembles ©. regularis, Lea, in general appearance, from which, however, its concave whorls, elevated carina, and dark band will readily distinguish it. It has not the channelled body-whorl of MW. canaliculata, Say, nor the con- vex, subangulated upper whorls which distinguish that species. The lines of growth are very coarse and prominent, and extending over the raised line near the base of the whorls, give the latter an interrupted or subcrenulated appearance.—Anthony. The figure is from the original type. 106 LAND AND FRESH-WATER SHELLS OF N. A. [PART IY. 49. P. pyrenellum, Conrap. Melania pyrenella, CONRAD, New Fresh Water Shells, p. 52, t. 8, f. 5, 1834. DEKAY, Moll. N. Y., p. 99. WHEATLEY, Cat. Shells U. S., p. 26. BINNEY, Check List, No. 225. Brot, List, p. 30. REEVE, Monog. Melania, sp. 303. MULLER, Synopsis, p. 45. Description.— Shell elevated, with flattened whorls, having an obso- lete spiral line on each; suture impressed; body-whorl angulated; angle defined by a prominent line; base hardly convex, labrum angulated near the centre; aperture patu- lous; columella obtusely rounded at the base. Observations.—Inhabits streams in North Alabama. The aperture is remarkably patulous, and the labrum profoundly angulated.— Conrad. The figure is that of Conrad’s type in the collec- tion of the Academy of Natural Sciences. 50. P. Conradii, Tryon. Description.— Shell narrow, lengthened, with nine flattened whorls, which are angulated in the middle of the body Fig. 201. and just above the suture of the spire. Dark brown, smooth, apical whorls, slightly carinate. Aperture small, not produced below, fuse short, scarcely perceptible. Diameter, °36; length, 1 inch. Habitat.— Tennessee. — Tryon. This shell has been distributed very exten- sively in cabinets under the name of Melania pyrenella, Con- rad. It is, however, a much narrower species and darker in color. 51. P. regulare, Lea. Melania regularis, LEA, Philos. Proc., ii, p. 12, Feb., 1841. Philos. Trans., viii, p. 170, t. 5, f. 16. Obs., iii, p. 8. DEKAyY, Moll. N. Y., p. 94. HrGeGins, Cat. Troost, Cat. JAY, Cat., 4th edit., p. 274. WHEATLEY, Cat. Shells U.S., p. 26. BINNEY, Check List, No. 227. CatLow, Conch. Nomenc., p.188. Brot, List. p. 30. Ceriphasia regularis, Lea, CHENU, Manuél, i, f. 1956. ADAMS, Genera, i, 297. PLEUROCERA. 107 Description. — Shell smooth, conical, rather thick, dark horn- colored; spire elevated; sutures somewhat im- pressed; whorls flat; aperture small, whitish. Habitat.—Oconee District, Tennessee; Dr. Troost. Diameter, -40; length, 1:22 inches. Observations.—This species has a regularly increas. ing and elevated spire. Neither of the three before me has perfect tip. The number of whorls must be about ten. The aperture is about one-fourth the length of the shell.— Lea. Apparently very closely related to pyrenella, Conrad, but appears to be a heavier shell and not so strongly angulated. The figure is a copy of that of Mr. Lea. 52. P. validum, AnTuony. Melania valida, ANTHONY, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., p. 59, Feb., 1860. Brynry, Check List, No. 282. Brot, List, p. 383. REEVE, Monog. Melania, sp. 317. Description. — Shell ovate-conic, smooth, olivaceous, thick; spire obtusely elevated, decollate; whorls flat, only about six remaining; sutures distinct; lines of growth very strong, amounting to varices on the body-whorl; aperture ovate, bluish-white within; columella strongly curved or indented about the middle, white; sinus well developed at base; body-whorl obscurely, concentrically striate, the strive: forming faint nodules where they intersect the varices. Habitat. —Tennessee. Observations.— This species may be compared with M. ten- ebro-cincta herein described; from that species it may be distinguished by its more robust form, uniform, dark, olivaceous color and the absence of the dark bands so conspicuous in that species. It has a very solid, compact form, and this with its regular, uniform size up to the point of decollation, may serve to distinguish it from all others — Anthony. Figure 204 is from Mr. Anthony’s original type specimen. 108 LAND AND FRESH-WATER SHELLS OF N. A. [PART IY. 52 a. P. cylindraceum, LrEa. Trypanostoma cylindraceum, LEA, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., p. 4, 1864. Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci., vi, p. 142, t. 73, f. 57, 1867. Description.— Shell smooth, cylindrical, rather thick, banded or without bands; spire rather raised; sutures irregularly impressed; whorls flattened, slightly impressed, swollen below the sutures; aperture rather small, rhomboidal; outer lip acute, somewhat sinu- ous; columella thickened, incurved and twisted. Habitat.— Roane County, East Tennessee. Diameter, *41; length, 1:4 inches. Observations.—I have three specimens of this pupzeform species before me. Two of them are of a light horn-color; the third has a dark-brown band over more than two-thirds of the whorls, above which along the sutures it is yellow. In this specimen, the base of the columella is purple and Fig. 205. the interior is purplish. In all the three specimens the body-whorl is impressed; above the periphery, amounting almost toachannel. It is allied to parvum and moriforme (nobis) but is larger and more cylin- drical than the first, and smaller and less pyramidal than the latter. The aperture is about one-third the length of the shell. The apices were too much eroded to ascertain the number of whorls, but there are probably about eight.— Lea. 52 b. P. Roanense, Lea. Trypanostoma Roanense, LEA, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., p. 4, 1864. Jour. Acad. Nat, Sci., vi, p. 142, t. 23, f. 52, 1867. Description.—Shell smooth, obtusely conical, thick, banded or with- out bands; spire obtuse; sutures impressed; whorls flattened, swollen below the sutures; aperture rather small, rhomboidal; outer Fig. 206, lip acute, sinuous; columella whitish, thickened and very com much twisted. Habitat.—Roane County, East Tennessee. Diameter, ‘41; length, *80? inch. Observations.—This species is allied to cylindraceum, but differs in being shorter and wider in proportion. It differs also in the form of the bands where they exist. Two of the six specimens before me have a single narrow band below the middle, and one has a second PLEUROCERA. 109 band above the middle. All the specimens have apices so much eroded that the number of whorls cannot be correctly ascertained. There may be six or seven. The aperture is probably more than one- third the length of the shell.—Zea. Notwithstanding the differences pointed out by Mr. Lea, I suspect that this and cylindraceum will prove to be one species. G. Smooth species, not angulated. 53. P. glandulum, ANnTnony. Melania glandula, ANTHONY, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., p- 60, Feb., 1860. BINNEY, Check List, No. 124. Bror, List, p.39. REEVE, Monog. Melania, sp. 393. Melania glans, ANTHONY, Ann. N. Y. Lyc., vi, p. 123, t. 3, f. 23, March, 1854. Description.— Shell ventricose-conic, smooth, thick, dark-olive; spire acuminate, but not elevated; whorls eight, convex, rapidly con- verging to the apex; body-whorl very large, rounded beneath; sutures well defined, white; aperture not large, elliptical, within dark-purple; columella indented near the base; Fig. 207. sinus well developed. Diameter, °38 inch (10 millim.); length, ‘75 inch (19 millim.). Length of aperture, -34 inch (9 millim.); breadth of aperture, ‘16 inch (4 millim.). Habitat.—Tennessee. Observations.—A plain sombre-looking species with no very remark- able distinguishing characters except its large, bulbous form, and dark, purple mouth. It cannot be compared with any other species. The whorls are slightly shouldered, with a very narrow, whitish, sutural region.—Anthony. The specific name “glans,” first used by Mr. Anthony, being preoccupied, he changed it to glandula. It is a curious species, resembling Jayi, Lea, in the channel of the aper- ture, but is much more inflated. The figure is from Mr. Anthony’s type specimen. 110 LAND AND FRESH-WATER SHELLS OF N. A. [PART IV. 53 a. P. subrobustum, Lea. Trypanostoma subrobustum, LBA, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., p. 4, 1854. Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci., vi, p. 141, t. 23, f. 50, 1867. Description. — Shell smooth, pyramidal, dark horn-color, thick; spire pyramidal and elevated; sutures impressed; whorls about nine, flattened; aperture small, rhomboidal; outer lip sharp Fig. 208. and very sinuous; columella thickened and very much twisted. Operculum ovate, dark-brown, with polar point near the base on the left side. Hubitat.— Holston River, at Knoxville, East Ten- nessee. Diameter, °61; length, 1:25 inches. Observations.—A single specimen only, with an imper- fect outer lip and much eroded spire, was received. This is greatly to be regretted, as such a fine large species ought to be well represented. This specimen has no bands and is without striae. It belongs to the group of which Hartmanii may be considered the type, but may be distinguished by its being a larger and more robust species, with a much larger body-whorl. The aperture is about one- third the length of the shell.—Lea. 54. P. Christyi, Lea. Trypanostoma Christyi, LEA, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., p. 173, 1862. Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci., v, pt. 8, 272, t. 86, £..83. Obs., ix, p. 94. Description. —Shell smooth, elongately conical, somewhat thick, horn-color, rarely banded; spire very much elevated; sutures regu- larly impressed; whorls about ten, slightly convex; aper- ture small, subrhomboidal, whitish within; outer lip acute, sinuous; columella white and twisted. Operculum subovate, dark-brown, with polar point near to the basal margin. Habitat.—Cane Creek, Tennessee; Prof. D. Christy. Diameter, °48; length, 1:12 inches. Observations.—I am indebted to the late Joseph Clark for many specimens from the above habitat, brought by Prof. Christy. It is allied to Estabrookii, herein described, but it is a larger and heavier shell, has a larger aperture, a much more twisted PLEUROCERA. 111 columella and is of adarker horn-color. One of the specimens is somewhat carinate on the body-whorl, and has a more developed channel. The form of the channel is very like to Melania (Trypan- ostoma) regularis (nobis) but it is not so cylindrical nor so green. The aperture is about the third of the length of the shell. I name this after Prof. David Christy, Hamilton, Butler Co., Ohio, who col- lected many fine shells in East Tennessee and North Carolina, which he kindly gaye to Mr. Clark.—Lea. This species may be distinguished from labiatwm principally by its more ponderous proportions and more flattened volutions. 55. P. labiatum, Lea. Trypanostoma labiatum, LEA, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., p. 173, 1862. Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci., v, pt. 3, p. 272, t. 36, f. 84. Obs., ix, p. 94. Description.—Shell smooth, acutely conical, rather thick, shining, greenish horn-color; spire attenuate, sharp-pointed; sutures regularly impressed: whorls about ten, somewhat convex, carinate towards the beak, the last rather large; aperture rather small, rhomboidal, whitish within; outer lip Fig. 210. Fig. 211. sharp, thickened towards the margin, very much dilated and very sinuous; columella whitish, thickened below and much twisted. Operculum subovate, dark brown, rather thin, with the polar point near the middle towards the base. Habitat.—Big Miami River, Ohio; J. Clark. Diameter, :43; length, ‘98 inch. Observations.—A number of these were sent to me some years since, by Mr. Clark. They were supposed to be Melania neglecta, Anth., but they are not very closely allied to the species which Mr. Anthony sent to me under that name, nor are they like his figure, nor will they answer to his description. This species has a remarkably ex- panded outer lip, unusually thickened inside of the edge. It is nearly allied to Whitei herein described, but may be distinguished by being not quite so attenuate, having rather more convexity in the whorls, having a larger outer lip and slightly differing in the cut of the open channel at the base. The aperture is three-tenths the length of the shell.—Lea. 112 LAND AND FRESH-WATER SHELLS OF N. A. [PART IY. 55a. P. univittatum, La. Trypanostoma univittatum, LEA, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci, p. 112, 1864. Jour, Acad. Nat. Sci., vi, p. 145, t. 23, f. 58, 1887. Description.—Shell obtusely carinate, pyramidal, somewhat thick, pale olive, shining, with a single band; spire elevated; sutures impressed; whorls flattened; aperture rather small, rhom- boidal, whitish within, obscurely single-banded; outer lip acute, much curved; columella thickened below and very much twisted. Habitat.—Cahawba River, Alabama. Diameter, °45; length, 1:2 inches. Observations.—A single specimen was received by Dr. Hartman from Dr. Showalter and kindly lent to me for description. It seems to be most nearly allied to JT. Anthonyt (nobis), but it is a smaller species, without the strie and obscure sulcations of that species, and it has a band which I have never observed in Anthonyi, and probably a less number of whorls. It is also somewhat allied to Hartmanii (nobis), but not so elevated, and it is smaller. When Hartmanii is banded, it always has, I believe, two. This specimen of wnivittatum has a single band above the periphery which is observable on all the whorls above. The apex being eroded, I cannot state the number of whorls, but they seem to be about eight. The aperture is about one-third the length of the shell.—Lea. f Certainly very closely allied both to subrobustum and Christyi. 55b. P. pallidum, Lea. Trypanostoma pallidum, LEA, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., p. 174, 1862. Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci., v, pt. 3, p. 275, t. 36, f. 90. Obs., ix, p. 97. Description.—Shell smooth, attenuately conical, rather thick, pale horn-color; spire very much raised; sutures very mucb impressed; whorls eleven, slightly convex, somewhat geniculate above; aperture rather small, subrhomboidal, white within; outer lip sharp, sinuous; columella white and very much twisted. Operculum subovate, light chestnut-brown, with the polar point on the left near the basal margin. PLEUROCERA. 113 Habitat.—Niagara Falls, New York, St. Lawrence at Montreal; E. Billings, Esq. Diameter, -46; length, 1:36 inches. Observations.—Many years since I found two specimens of this species above the Falls, on the New York side. They were accom- panied with Melania (Trypanostoma) Niagaren- sis and subularis (nobis). I hesitated when I Fig. 213. Fig. 214. described the above two, whether this was a new species. There is no doubt in my mind now. It is nearest allied perhaps to Melania ( Trypanostoma) Sayi, Ward, but it is a more slender species and has a higher spire and more whorls. The aperture is rather more than the fourth of the length of the shell.— Lea. Fig. 213 is a copy of Mr. Lea’s figure ; the banded shell (fig. 214) is from an Ohio specimen named by Mr. Anthony “VW. neglecta.” —See remarks on that species. The ‘* Melania Sayi, Ward” quoted above by Mr. Lea is doubt- less intended to be Melania (Strombus) Sayi, Wood (Index Tes- taceologicus), as Dr. Ward never published a species under thatname. Mr. Lea has, however, entirely mistaken the char- acters of this species, his shell being the neglecta of Anthony, while the true DM. Sayi is a canaliculatum, as will appear by reference to the Index Testaceologicus, Supplement, t. 4, f. 24. 56. P. neglectum, Antuony. Melania neglecta, ANTHONY, Ann. Lyc.N. Y.,p. 128, t.3, f. 29, March, 1854. Binney, Check List, No. 173. Bror, List, p. 34. CurrrmsrR, Shells of Grand River Val- ley, Mich., 1859. REEVE, Monog. Melania, sp. 247. Description.—Shell conical, rather thin, light yellow; whorls ten, upper ones nearly flat, with a slight ridge revolving just above the suture. This ridge disappears as it approaches the penult whorl, but two of them become visible on the last whorl, which is subangulate. Sometimes the last whorl is encircled by two dark brown bands, of which the uppermost is also visible throughout the upper whorls, covering the ridge above mentioned; sutures impressed; aperture ovate, of a delicate rosy hue within; outer lip waved; columella nearly straight, twisted, roseately recurved into a deep sinus. L. F. W. 8. IV. 8 114 LAND AND FRESH-WATER SHELLS OF N. A. [PART IV. Diameter, -38 inch (10 millim.); length, -90 inch (23 millim.). Length of aperture, ‘33 inch (8 millim.); breadth of aperture, -18 inch (44 millim.). Habitat.—Great Miami River, near Dayton, Ohio. Fig. 215. Observations. —A fine large species, which seems to exhibit considerable variation, both in form and coloring. The banded varieties are among our most beautiful spe- cies, while we also find those which are of a plain, delicate horn-color, or with bands but faintly indicated by an almost imperceptible difference of color in the interior of the mouth, which in these specimens is generally, and in the banded specimens occasionally, tinged with a deli- cate rosy hue.—Anthony. The light horn-colored variety alluded to by Mr. Anthony has since been separated by Mr. Lea as 7. labiatum. It is certainly distinct as the whorls are more swollen, shell larger, color different, as is also the aperture. The two figures are from Mr. Anthony’s types. 57. BP. vestitum, Conran. Melania vestita, CONRAD, New Fresh Water Shells, p. 57, t. 8, f. 12, 1834. DEKAY, Moll. N. Y., p. 101. WHEATLEY, Cat. Shells U. S., p. 27. BINNEY, Check List, No. 287. Brot, List, p. 31. REEVE, Monog. Melania, sp. 322. MULLER, Synop- sis, p. 47. Melania mucronata, LEA, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., p. 117, 1861. Trypanostoma mucronatum, LEA, Jour, Acad. Nat. Sci., v, pt. 3, p. 277, t. 36, f. 93. Obs., ix, p. 99. Description.—Shell subulate, subturreted; volutions nine, each angu- lated below the middle; suture deeply impressed; epidermis smooth, polished, horn-colored, with a dark band revolving below Fig.217. the angle of each whorl; whorls near the apex acutely cari- nated. Observations. —Inhabits small streams in Greene County, Alabama, among the grass which grows on the rocks. The shell is always coated with a deposit which obscures its characters.— Conrad. The following is the description of T. mucronatum.—Shell smooth, awl-shaped, thin, diaphanous, straw- yellow; spire extended, pointed; sutures slightly impressed; whorls ‘ PLEUROCERA. 115 six, flattened above; aperture rather small, ovately rhombic, yellowish- white within; outer lip acute, sinuous; columella slightly thickened at the base, subeffuse and somewhat recurved. Operculum ovate, spiral, light brown, with the polar point on the inner side near to the base. Fig. 218. Habitat.— Big Prairie Creek, Alabama; E. R. Showalter, M. D. Diameter, °36; length, -98 inch. Observations. — This is an acuminate species with about eight, regular, graceful whorls, which are towards the apex usually carinate. There are five specimens before me, all without bands. One of them has on the upper whorls, a disposition to take on a brownish color. This species is allied to Melania (Goniobasis) Ocoéensis (nobis). It is not quite so subulate, has not quite so many whorls and the aperture is not so quadrate. The aperture is nov quite three-tenths the length of the shell.—JZea. Mr. Lea’s description and figure refer to this species not quite fully grown. It is curious that in his description he mentions six whorls, in his observations he gives it eight, while his figure exhibits ten. I have before me a suite of over one hundred specimens from North Alabama, collected by Dr. Showalter, and pre- sented to the Smithsonian Institution by Dr. Jas. Lewis. About half of them are banded. I have also author’s types from Haldeman’s collection and collection of the Academy of Natural Sciences. Fig. 217 is one of the latter. Fig. 218 represents Mr. Lea’s original figure. 57 a. P. lugubre, Lea. Melania lugubris, LEA, Philos. Proc. iv, p. 166, August, 1815. Philos. Trans. x, p. 58, t. 9, f.29. Obs. iv, p.58. BINNEY, Check List, No. 154. Brot, List, p. 31. Melania spurca, LEA, Philos. Proc. iv, p. 166, Aug., 1845. Philos. Trans., x, p. 59 t.9,f.3). Obs. iv, p.59. BInney, Check List, No. 248. Brot, List, p. 31. | Melania modesta, LEA, Am. Philos. Trans., x, p. 85, t. 9, f. 34, 1847. Description.—Shell smooth, rather acutely conical, rather thick, dark-brown; spire rather elevated; sutures widely impressed; whorls flattened; aperture small, rhomboidal, within bluish, angular below. Hahitat.—Alabama. Diameter, 37; length, °85 of an inch. 116 LAND AND FRESH-WATER SHELLS OF N. A. [PART IV. Observations.—A single specimen only of this species was received by Major LeConte. There are no strong characters to separate it, but it is certainly different from any with which I am ac- : quainted. Like the canaliculata, Say, it is auger-shaped on the right lip, but it is a much smaller shell, and without the sulcations of that species. There is an angle on the middle of the whorl which causes the sutures to be rather wide and marked. The apex being eroded, the number of whorls cannot be ascertained — probably eight. The aperture is about one-third the length of the shell.—Zea. The following, described at the same time as the above, is an undoubted synonyme. Melania spurca.— Shell smooth, pyramidal, somewhat thick, dark brown; spire somewhat elevated; sutures slightly impressed; whorls eight, flattened; aperture small, rhomboidal, angular at the Fig. 220. base, within white. Habitat.— Alabama. Diameter, -43; length, ‘98 of an inch. Observations. — This species, of which only a single one was received by Major LeConte, has no striking character, but cannot be placed with any other with which I am acquainted. It is very regular in its form, with a patulous, auger-shaped outer lip, the margin of which is quite sinuous. The aperture is nearly one-third the length of the shell. It more nearly resembles MW. regularis (nobis), than any other species, but is not so large or solid a shell.—Lea. Mr. Reeve’s figure does not represent this species at all. I give a copy of Mr. Lea’s figure. I also place in the synonymy of this species Melania modesta.—Shell smooth, conical, somewhat fusiform, rather thin, black, spire rather elevated; sutures linear; whorls flattened, the last angular in the middle; aperture elliptical, rather large, within dark. . Habitat.—Chattahoochee River at Columbus, Georgia. Diameter, °28; length, ‘67 of an inch. Observations.—A single specimen of this species came from Dr. Boykin, with some others which I published some years since. This one was deferred in the hopes of getting more for comparison. In ‘ PLEUROCERA. Ley outlive and color, it is very closely allied to a shell I described, from Tennessee, under the name of tenebrosa. It differs from it in having the aperture less distended, in having an angle on the middle Fig. 221. of the whorl and in being more fusiform. The apex being eroded, the number of whorls cannot be ascertained; there /4 are about seven. The aperture is nearly one-half the length of ff ” the shell. The bands are so broad and dark as to give, in this specimen, a black appearance to the whole shell, except at the termination of the whorl, where the outer lip is yellow.—Lea. The figure is copied from Mr. Lea’s plate. Reeve’s figure does not represent this species. 57 b. P. abruptum, Lea. ’ Melania abrupta, LEA, Philos. Proc., iv, p. 165. Philos. Trans., x, p. 59, t. 9, f. 32. Obs. iv, p. 59, t. 9, f. 32. BINNEY, Check List, No. 2. Brot, List, p. 37. REEVE, Monog. Melania, sp. 397. Leptoxis abrupta, Lea, ADAMS, Genera, i, p. 307. Description.— Shell smooth, short, conical, rather thick, yellowish; Spire very short; sutures linear, whorls seven, flattened; aperture large, ovate, within whitish. Habitat.—Alabama. Diameter, 3; length, -64 of an inch. Fig. 222. Observations. —This species in size and form is somewhat allied to M. Nickliniana (nobis), but has the spire more ele- / vated and is not reddish. The two specimens before me, have each two purple bands. This character may be frequent without being constant. The aperture is nearly half the length of the shell.—Lea. Figured from Mr. Lea’s plate. 57 c. P. tortum, Lea. Melania torta, LEA, Philos. Proc. iv, p. 165, Aug., 1845. Philos. Trans., x, p. 58, f. 9, f. 30. Obs. iv, p. 58. BINNEY, Check List, No. 272. Brot, List, p. 39. REEVE, Monog. Melania, sp. 377, Description.— Shell smooth, club-shaped, rather thick, dark brown; spire obtuse; sutures impressed; whorls convex; aperture large, elliptical; columella twisted. Habitat.— Big Creek, Lawrence County, Tennessee. Diameter, *36; length, ‘73 of an inch. 118 LAND AND FRESH-WATER SHELLS OF N. A. [PART IV. Observations.— There were eight specimens of this species submit- ted to my examination by Mr. Clark, of Cincinnati. In general out- line and size, it very closely resembles M. Warderiana (nobis), but differs from the specimens of that species which have come me under my notice in not being carinate, and in having a more twisted columella. The apices of the individuals now before me are slightly eroded, and the number of the whorls may be seven or eight. One of the specimens has small folds near the apex, decussating strie. The inside is bluish-white, one of the specimens having a brown mark at the columella. The aperture is nearly one-half the length of the shell. Over the whole surface there are small, irregular ridges. The body-whorl is very long.—Lea. This species differs from all the others of this group in the ereat acumination of the upper part of its spire. In young shells (in which state only, the spire is perfect) the spire is narrowly subulate for the first few whorls, then suddenly expands into a bulbous form. 58. P. strigosum, Lea. Melania strigosa, LEA, Philos. Proc., ii, p. 13, Feb., 1841. Philos. Trans., viii, p. 175, t.5, f. 24. Obs. iii, p.131. DEKAy, Moll.,N. Y.,p.95. TROOST, Cat. Bry- NEY, Check List, No. 250. WHEATLEY, Cat. Shells U. S., p. 27. CATLOw, Conch. Nomenc., p. 188. Brot, List, p. 38. REEVE, Monog. Melania, sp. 820, Description.—Shell smooth, acutely turreted, thin, pale Fig. 224, yellow, striate above; spire drawn out; sutures im- pressed; whorls nine, flattened; aperture small, ellipti- cal, angular at the base, within bluish. Habitat.— Holston River, Tennessee. Diameter, *27; length, -85 of an inch. Observations.—This species is somewhat like the teres herein described. It may be distinguished, however, at once, by its flattened whorls and darker color.—Lea. The figure is a copy of Mr. Lea’s. PLEUROCERA. 119 59. P. pictum, Lea. Melania picta, LEA, Philos. Proc., ii, p. 82, Oct., 1841. Philos. Trans. ix, p. 19. Obs. iv, p.19. WHEATLEY, Cat. Shells U. S., p. 26. BINNEY, Check List, No, 205. REEVE, Monog. Melania, sp. 290. Melania picturata, REEVE, Errata to Monog. Melania. Brot, List, p. 38. Description.— Shell smooth, obtusely conical, thick, subfusiform, greenish, banded; spire rather elevated; sutures impressed, above furrowed; whorls eight, flattened; aperture elongated, trapezoidal; columella incurved. Habitat.—Holston River, East Tennessee. Diameter, 30; length, :70 of an inch. Observations.— The four specimens before me have each three bands, which with the yellowish tint below the sutures give the shell alively appearance. The superior whorls are disposed to be bicarinate, and the lower carina being covered with the whorl below, causes a furrow along the suture. The aperture is more than one-third the length of the shell, angular at the base, with rather a large sinus.—Lea. The figure is copied from Reeve. Mr. Anthony has placed specimens in my cabinet with the habitat Alabama, affixed. 60. P. spinalis, Lra. Melania spinalis, LEA, Am. Philos. Trans., x, p. 89, t. 9, f. 42, 1847. Description.— Shell carinate, acutely conical, rather thin, yellow, double-banded; spire elevated; sutures ploughed out; whorls flat- tened; aperture small, ovate, angular at the base, white within. Habitat.— Alabama. Diameter, °33; length, -96 of an inch. Fig. 226. Observations.— A single specimen only was submitted to me, and this not very perfect. It is a peculiar shell in its general appearance, the color being of an unusually bright yellow, with two broad, distinct bands, one immediately above the middle of the whorl, and the other below. The superior part of the whorl is darker than that below. The number of whorls cannot be given, the apex being broken. There were probably nine or ten. The aperture is about one quarter the length of the shell. — Lea. 120 LAND AND FRESH-WATER SHELLS OF N. A. [PART Iv. If an opinion founded on a single specimen, such as Mr. Lea has described, be admissible, I would suggest the too close resemblance of this shell to Conrad’s vestitum (Lea’s mucronatum). 61. P. tenebrocinctum, ANTHONY |! Melania tenebrocincta, ANTHONY, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., p. 58, Feb., 1860. BINNEY, Check List, No. 266. Brot, List, p. 3]. REEVE, Monog. Melania, sp. 271. Trypanostoma parvum, LEA, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., p. 174, 1862. Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci., v, pt. 3, p. 276, t. 36, f.91. Obs., ix, p. 98. Description.—Shell conic ovate, smooth, rather thick; spire rather obtusely elevated; whorls 6-7, nearly flat, but with an obtuse carina Higa below the middle of each, and one more decided between that ig. 227. and the suture; aperture well marked, and with a pale band near it; lines of growth decided; aperture linear, ovate, within dusky, and having two dark bands there; sinus very decided. Habitat.— Tennessee. Observations. —Compared with M. valida (nobis), it is smaller, less robust, more slender, and may also be distinguished from that plain species by its more lively exterior. The dark brown band or bands contrast finely with the general color of the shell, and with a light band near the sutures.— Anthony. The following is Mr. Lea’s description. T. parvum.—Shell smooth, somewhat thick, conical, horn-color, banded or without bands ; spire conoidal; sutures regularly impressed ; whorls eight, flattened; aperture small, rhomboidal, within Fig. 228 1g. £25. whitish; outer lip acute, somewhat sinuous; columella slightly thickened below and twisted. Habitat. — Knoxville; President Estabrook: and French Broad River, Tennessee; J. Clark. Diameter, °34; length, -94 inch. Observations.—I have three specimens of this small species from French Broad River, and one from Knoxville. -They are all perfect, and have two bands, one broad and well defined, the lower one obsolete. It is disposed to be slightly angular on the periphery. The aperture is about one-third the length of the shell. This is among the few small species of this genus. In outline and general appearance it is allied to ZT. Harlmanii, herein described, but PLEUROCERA. al it is a very much smaller species and cannot be easily confounded with it.— Lea. Figure 227 is from Mr. Anthony’s type specimen. Figure 228 is a copy of Mr. Lea’s figure quoted above. 62. P. Vanuxemii, Lea. Trypanostoma Vanuxemti, LEA, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., p. 175, 1862. Jour. Acad, Nat. Sci. v, pt. 3, p. 280, t. 36, f. 95. Obs.ix, p. 102. Description.—Shell smooth, conical, yellowish, double-banded or without bands; spire obtusely conical; sutures impressed; whorls six, somewhat convex; aperture rather small, subrhomboidal, whitish within; outer lip acute, sinuous; columella thickened below and much twisted. Habitat. —South Carolina; Prof. L. Vanuxem. Diameter, :28; length, °69 inch. Observations. — Among other species of the Melanide given to me a long time since by my friend, the late Prof. Vanuxem, were four specimens of this. Three of them are double-banded inside Fig.229. and out. The fourth has no appearance of bands. One of them is about half grown and perfect to the apex. The outer lip is somewhat thickened and expanded. It is somewhat like f bivittatum, herein described, but it differs in having a higher spire, is not so wide proportionally, and is not highly polished or so yellow as that species. The aperture is more than one-third the length of the shell.—Lea. Figured from Mr, Lea’s plate. Too closely allied to the preceding. 63. P. Chakasahaense, Lra. Trypanostoma Chakasahaense, LEA, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., p. 175, 1862. Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci., v, pt. 3, p. 280, t. 36, f. 99. March, 1863. Obs., ix, p. 102. Fig. 230. Description.— Shell smooth, conical, brownish-green, rather thin, double-banded; spire somewhat attenuate; sutures very much impressed; whorls about eight, convex, carinate above; aperture small, rhomboidal, white and banded within; outer lip sinuous; columella incurved, thickened below and very / much twisted. Habitat. — Chakasaha River, Mississippi; Wm. Spillman, M. D. 122 LAND AND FRESH-WATER SHELLS OF N. A. [PART Iv. Observations.—Of eight specimens received from Dr. Spillman, three of them had transverse striz on the periphery of the whorls reaching to the last whorl, on which two raised strie are noticeable. In gen- eral outline and size it is near to parvum, herein described, but differs in being flatter on the whorls, in the bands being more distant, and in having a less twisted columella. It reminds one of M. gracilis, Anth., but has many distinctive characters. The aperture is about one-third the length of the shell.—Zea. The figure is copied from Mr. Lea’s plate. 64. P. altipetum, ANTHONY. Melania altipeta, ANTHONY, Ann. N. Y. Lyc., vi, p. 87, t. 2, f. 5. Brnney, Check List, No. 442. Bror, List, p. 34. REEVE, Monog. Mel., sp. 280. Trypanostoma corneum, LEA, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., p. 112, 1864. Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci., vi, p. 148, t. 23, f. 63, 1867. Description.— Shell conical, smooth, horn-colored, thick; spire ele- vated; whorls about ten, small, convex, the upper ones carinate, or only striate ; sutures distinctly impressed; aperture small, elliptical, banded within; a small but distinct sinus, with an acute termination at base. Habitat.—Raccoon Creek, Vinton County, Ohio. Diameter, -24 inch (6 millim.); length, 62 inch (16 millim.). Length of aperture, -21 inch (5 millim.); breadth of aperture, ‘10 inch (24 millim.). Fig. 231. Observations.—A very graceful, rather slender species, with somewhat of a club-shaped form by its bulbous body-whorl. Two specimens only are before me; one has a narrow band at the base of the body-whorl; the other has an additional band on the penultimate, faintly indicated also on the upper whorls of the spire. It may be compared with M. conica, Say, but is more elevated, the whorls are more narrow and crowded, as well as more numerous than in that species, and the aperture much smaller, being only about one- fourth the length of the shell. From M. neglecta it differs by its more slender form, smaller and more condensed whorls, and by its entirely different aperture. The apical whorls seem to be slightly folded.— Anthony. This species is almost entitled to a place in the striate divis- ion of Pleuwrocerew, the lines being generally crowded on all PLEUROCERA. 123 except the lower whorl. The figure is from Mr. Anthony’s type. The following is Mr. Lea’s description of Trypanostoma corneum.— Shell striate, exserted, thin, semi-trans- parent, pale horn-color; spire raised; sutures regularly impressed; whorls eight, somewhat convex; aperture elongate, narrow, elliptical, whitish within; outer lip acute and very sinuous; columella thin and twisted. Habitat.—Tennessee. Diameter, ‘27; length, °76 inch. Observations.—Two specimens were sent to me some years since by Mr. Anthony. I do not know from what part of Tennessee Fig.232, they came. In these two specimens, all the whorls but the i body-whorl have six or ten transverse striew. The base is pro- longed almost into a channel, and thus approaches the genus Jo. In outline and color it is allied to J. venustum, herein : described, but differs in not being fusiform, in having a larger aperture, and in having strie. The aperture is more than one-third the length of the shell.—Lea. Either Mr. Anthony sent these specimens before describing altipetum, or else he must have forgotten his own species. 65. P. Ocoéensis, Lra. Melania Ocoéensis, LEA, Philos. Proc. ii, p. 12, Feb., 1841. Philos. Trans., viii, p- 169, t. 5, f.13. Obs. iii, p.7. DEKAy, Moll. N. Y., p. 94. Troost, Cat. Shells Tennessee. Brot, List, p. 38. WHEATLEY, Cat. Shells U.S., p.26. CATLow, Conch. Nomence. p. 188. Melania Ocoéensis, Lea,- BINNEY, Check List, No. 166. Potadoma Ocoéensis, Lea, CHENU, Man. de Conch., i, f. 1969. Potadoma Ocoéensis Lea, ADAMS, Genera, i, p 299. Description.— Shell smooth, conical, somewhat thick, dark horn- colored; spire obtuse, towards the apex lined; sutures im- Fig. 233 " pressed; whorls somewhat convex; aperture small, ovate, bluish. Habitat.—Ocoee District, Tennessee; Dr. Troost. Diameter, ‘32; length, ‘92 of an inch. Observations.—Five specimens are before me, all of which are more or less decollate. None of them have bands. Oblique, irregular strie may be observed more or less on all those which 1 have examined.—Lea. 124 LAND AND FRESH-WATER SHELLS OF N. A. [PART IV. Mr. Reeve’s figure decidedly does not represent this spe- cies. The identity of Ococensis with tenebro cinctum, Anth., is scarcely doubtful. 66. P. hastatum, ANTHONY. Melania hastata, ANTHONY, Ann. N. Y. Lyc., vi, p. 85, t. 2, f.3, March, 1854. BIN- NEY, Check List, No. 136. Brot, List, p.31. REEVE, Monog. Mel., sp. 394. Description.—Shell conical, smooth, rather solid, dark chestnut, Spire rather obtusely elevated; whorls 8-9 in number, slightly convex, with occasional delicate spiral strie, the upper ones sub- carinate; body-whorl subcarinate, with a narrow yellowish band beneath the angle; sutures moderately impressed, yellowish; aperture small, pyriform, purple within; colu- mella and outer lip much twisted together, forming a broad, rather deep, reflexed sinus at base. Diameter, 30 inch (74 millim.); length, -90 inch (23 millim.). Length of aperture ‘30 inch (74 millim.). Breadth of aperture -16 inch (4 millim.). Habitat.—Alabama. Observations.—A fine symmetrical species, which seems to have no affinities so close as to be easily confounded with any other. Its most prominent characters, perhaps, are the nearly uniform diameter of the twe or three lower whorls, while above these the spire curves more rapidly to the rather acute apex, and the dark purple aperture. These two points will readily serve to distinguish it.—Anthony. Figured from Mr. Anthony’s type. The habitat given above is probably erroneous as Mr. Antho- ny’s tablet is marked ‘‘'Tennessee” and I have a number of specimens collected by Prof. Haldeman in Holston River, 8S. W. Virginia. I doubt if it be distinct from aratum, Lea, also an inhabitant of the Holston. 67. P. Lyonii, Lea. Trypanostoma Lyonti, LEA, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., p. 155, May, 1863. Description.—Shell smooth, conical, greenish horn-color, without bands; spire somewhat raised; sutures impressed; whorls about six, convex; aperture rather small, rhomboidal, whitish within; outer lip acute, very sinuous; columella white, thickened below und twisted. PLEUROCERA. 125 Operculum ovate, very dark brown, with the polar point on the basal margin at the left. Habitat.—Cumberland River near the Ford, north side of the moun- tain, and Big Creek, south of mountain, at Cumberland Gap, Tenn. Diameter, °32; length, °85 inch. Observations.—Quite a number of specimens were sent to me by Major Lyon, from both the above habitats. They are all very much the same in color and size, and none are banded. None were pertcct at the apex, but the upper whorls, I think, from indica- Fig. 235. tions in a few specimens will be found to be carinate. It is between Christyi and modestum (nobis). From the former it differs in having the base of the columella less twisted, in having a smaller aperture, and having the whorls more convex. From the latter it differs in being a smaller species, being darker and having a less expanded outer lip. The aperture is about one-third the length of the shell. I name this after Major S. S. Lyon, of the Engineer Corps of the U.S. Army, being collected by him during the campaign, last year, to Cumberland Gap, East Tennessee, where he obtained several new Melanide.—Lea. 68. P. viridulum, ANTHONY. Melania viridula, ANTHONY, Ann. Lyc. N. Y., vi, p. 84, t. 2, f.2, March, 1854, Bry- NEY, Check List, No. 293. Brov, List, p. 31. REEVE, Monog. Mel., sp. 243. Description. — Shell conical, smooth, rather thick; olive-green; spire much elevated; whorls eight or nine, slightly convex; sutures impressed; aperture elliptical, small, within whitish; outer lip much Fig. 236. waved or auger-shaped, extending forward at base, and form- ing a broad sinus in that region. Diameter, *35 inch (9 millim.); length, 1 inch (26 millim.). Length of aperture, :32 inch (8 millim.); breadth of aperture, ‘16 inch (4 millim.). Habitat.—Tennessee. Observations.—Somewhat like M. Saffordi, Lea, but is clearly distin- guishable by its more elongated form, its greater number of whorls and size and color of aperture. Differs from M. regularis, Lea, by its less number of whorls, and their convexity, as well as by its peculiar green color.— Anthony. 126 LAND AND FRESH-WATER SHELLS OF N. A. [PART IV. This is one of the few species of Strepomatidee which in the absence of all other distinguishing characters rests its specific weight on color alone. It is a very common species and exceedingly uniform in all of its characters. The figure is from Mr. Anthony’s type. 69. P. striatum, Lra. Trypanostoma striatum, LBA, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., p. 173, 1862. Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci.,-v, pt. 3, p. 294, t. 36, f. 124. Obs., ix, p. 116. Trypanostoma rostellatum, LEA, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., v, p. 272, 1862. Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci., v, pt. 3, p. 353, t. 89, £.225. Obs., ix, p. 175. Description.—Shell striate, subulate, rather thin, horn-color; spire raised; sutures impressed; whorls about eight, somewhat convex, the last rather small; aperture small, subrhomboidal, whitish within; ieee outer lip acute, very sinuous, expanded; columella somewhat _ thickened and very sinuous. Habitat.— Florence, Alabama; B. Pybas. Diameter, °31; length, -95 inch. Observations.—Nearly a dozen of this species were received ( \ among a number of small shells from Mr. Pybas. It is not 6 an attractive species, being dull horn-color and without bands. The upper whorls are covered with revolving strize which rarely extend to the last one, except a single one on the upper part of this whorl. It has much the form and size of Melania (Trypanos- toma) strigosa (nobis), but may at once be distinguished by the differ- ence in the form of the aperture, the base of the columella of striatum being rounded, while strigosa is nearly straight. The length of the aperture is about three-tenths the length of the shell.—Lea. Fig. 238. The figure is from Mr. Lea’s plate. I can detect no specific difference between this and the following :— V9 EV es =I T. rostellatuwm.—Shell striate, attenuate, rather thin, horn- color, without bands; spire raised; sutures very much im- pressed ; whorls eight, slightly convex; aperture small, rhomboidal, whitish within; outer lip very sinuous; columella bent in and very much twisted. Operculum ovate, dark brown, with the polar point near the base on the left. Habitat.— Florence, Alabama; Rey. G. White. Diameter, *30; length -88 inch. PLEUROCERA, Li Observations.—Quite a number of this species were among the shells sent to me by Mr. White, collected by him in the northern part of Ala- bama some years since. It was supposed to be a variety of Melania (Goniobasis) proxima, Say, but the form of the aperture is quite dif- ferent, having an expanded outer lip. It is also larger, some speci- mens being nearly an inch long, and it has not a carina, but usually three strie, the middle one of which rises almost to a carina. In some specimens there is only a single stria, sometimes two, ordinarily three, and rarely four. Usually the upper stria is continued on the lower whorl, extending to the aperture, but rarely any of the others. The aperture is about two-seyenths the length of the shell. It is allied to White?, herein described, but is a smaller species and differs in color, striz and in the aperture.—Lea. Figure 238 is a copy of that given by Mr. Lea. 70. P. Knoxvillense, Lra. Trypanostoma Knoxvillense, LEA, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., p. 173, 1862. Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci., v, pt. 3, p. 274, t. 36, f.87. Obs.ix, p. 96. Description.—Shell smooth, subulate, rather thin, pale horn-color; spire attenuately conical, sharp pointed; sutures regularly im- pressed; whorls ten, slightly convex, carinate towards the apex, the last somewhat constricted; aperture small, sub- rhomboidal, white within; outer lip acute, sinuous; columella thickened below and a little twisted. Habitat.—Knoxville, Tennessee; President Estabrook. Diameter, °50; length, *80 inch. Observations.—A single specimen only of this species was received from President Estabrook. It is closely allied to Estabrookii, herein described, but may be distinguished by the form of the inferior part of the columella and the channel being more drawn backwards. It is a smaller species, of rather lighter horn-color and the whorls are rather more bulging. The aperture is less than one-third the length of the shell.—Zea. Figured from Mr. Lea’s plate. I doubt whether this is dis- tinct from Trypanostoma Sycamorense, Lea, which, like this, is described from one specimen only. 128 LAND AND FRESH-WATER SHELLS OF N. A. [PART IV. 71. P. Whitei, Lza. Trypanostoma Whitei, LEA, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., p. 173, 1862, Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci., v. pt. 3, p. 272, t. 36,f. 85. Obs., ix, p. 95. Description.—Shell smooth, attenuately conical, somewhat thick, dark horn-color; spire very much raised; sutures regularly im- pressed; whorls about nine, slightly convex; aperture small, subrhom- Fig. 240. boidal, whitish within; outer lip acute, sinuous; columella thickened below and twisted. Habitat.—Lafayette County and Marietta, Georgia; Rey. G. White: Farland’s Creek, Mississippi; Dr. Spillman: and Tennessee; J. G. Anthony. Diameter, °34; length, 1°8 inches. Observations.—From the four habitats I have sixteen speci- mens. ‘There is very little difference between them. The tips are either striate or carinate. It is nearly allied to Estabrookii, herein described, but it is a smaller species, with a smoother and darker epidermis, and has a smaller aperture and more twist at the base of the columella. The aperture is about three-tenths the length of the shell. I am indebted for many speci- mens, to the Rev. George White, after whom I name the species.— Lea. 72. P. attenuatum, Lra. Trypanostoma attenuatum, LEA, Proc Acad Nat. Sci., p. 174, 1862. Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci., v, pt. 3, p. 274, t. 36, f. 88. Obs., ix, p. 96. Description.—Shell smooth, subulate, rather thin, horn-color; spire attenuate ; sutures impressed; whorls nine, scarcely convex, Fig. 241. the last small, aperture small, rhomboidal, white within; x outer lip acute, very sinuous; columella slightly thickened and twisted. Operculum small, ovate, dark brown, with the polar point near the base. Habitat.— Lafayette, Georgia; Rey G. White: and Ten- \ nessee; Dr. Hartman. Diameter, -38; length, 1:02 inches. Observations.—Only two specimens have come under my observation. One is not full grown. In size and general outline this species has a very strong resemblance to Melania strigosa (nobis), but it differs much in the aperture and the direction of the base of the columella. PLEUROCERA. 129 The aperture is quite rhombic, like Melania Alexandrensis (nobis). The apical whorls are carinate and the aperture is about one-fifth the length of the shell.—Zea. Figured from Mr. Lea’s plate. 73. P. Estabrookii, Lra. Trypanostoma Estabrookii, LEA, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., p. 173, 1862. Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci., v, pt. 3, p. 273, t. 36, f. 86. Obs. ix, p. 95. Wescapien. Shell smooth, attenuately conical, rather thin, horn- color; spire very much raised, carinate towards the apex; sutures impressed; whorls about ten, convex; aperture small, sub- rhomboidal, whitish within; outer lip acute, subsinuous; columella white and twisted. Operculum subovate, dark brown, with polar point near to the basal margin. Habitat. — East Tennessee; President Estabrook and Bishop Elliott: near Cleveland, Tennessee; Prof. Christy: and Monroe County, Tennessee; J. Clark. Diameter, °38; length, 1:11 inches. Observations.—A number of specimens were received from the above mentioned habitats; all varying very little. It is closely allied to Christyi herein described, but while it nearly agrees in color, it is usually smaller and has more convex whorls. These are, in some specimens, more inflated on the lower part. It has a strong resem- blance to IL strigosa (nobis), but is larger and the aperture is more twisted at the base of the columella. The aperture is about one- fourth the length of the shell. I have great pleasure in naming this species after my deceased friend, President Estabrook of Knoxville, from whom I first received it many years since.—Lea. Figured from Mr. Lea’s plate. Allied to P. subuleforme, Lea, and to wneiale, Hald. Indeed, in taking an enlarged view of specific values, all these shells would fall into one species. It is a remarkable and suggestive fact, that the exam- ination of specimens from hitherto unsearched localities gen- erally tends to diminish the number of species, by furnishing connecting links, rather than to increase them. L. F. W. 8. IV. 9 130 LAND AND FRESH-WATER SHELLS OF N. A. [PART IV. 74. P. modestum, Lea. Trypanostoma modestum, LEA, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., p. 174, 1862. Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci., v, pt. 3, p. 276, t. 36, f. 92. Obs. ix, p. 98. Trypanostoma Knoxense, LEA, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., p.175, 1862. Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci., v, pt. 3, p. 281, t. 36, f. 101. Obs. ix, p. 103. Description.— Shell smooth, conical, rather thin, greenish horn- color; spire somewhat raised; sutures linear; whorls about seven, somewhat convex, the last somewhat compressed; aperture rather small, subrhomboidal, bluish-white within; outer lip acute, a sinuous, expanded; columella slightly thickened below and twisted. Habitat.—Chilogita Creek, Blount County, Tennessee, J. Clarke. Diameter, °32; length, -80 inch. Observations.—I have had a number of this species for some years and had considered it a variety of Melania (Goniobasis) dubiosa (nobis), but the difference in the outer lip, which is much more expanded and some other characters, render it specifically different. The expanded outer lip, which is slightly thickened towards the edge, resembles that of Whitei, hercin described, but it has a longer channel and is not so truncate at the base. It also differs in being a shorter species with a less number of whorls. None of the specimens before me have bands. There is a disposition on the apical whorls to be carinate. None of the specimens were perfect at the apex. Every one was purplish above. The aperture is about one-third the length of the shell. It is a very different shell from Melania (Goniobasis) modesta (nobis).—Lea. Figured from Mr. Lea’s plate. The following is evidently the same species. T. Knoxense.—Shell smooth, conical, ferruginous or banded, rather thick, spire rather attenuate, pointed; sutures impressed; whorls eight, slightly convex, carinate above; aperture small, Qe white or brown within; outer lip sharp, sinuous, expanded; columella slightly thickened and twisted. Habitat.—Flat Creek, Knox County, Tennessee; Prof. D. Christy. Diameter, °31; length, *76 inch. Observations.—About a dozen of this little species were sent to me PLEUROCERA. 131 some years since by my deceased friend, Joseph Clark. They were collected by Prof. Christy. There is great variety in the color of these specimens. Some are entirely ferruginous, others have a single light line under the sutures, others again have two well defined rather broad brown bands. It is closely allied to Vanuxemii, herein described, from South Carolina, but differs in having a larger aperture and a higher spire. The aperture is about one-third the length of the shell.—Lea. The figure is a copy of that given by Mr. Lea. 75. P. luteum, Lea. Trypanostoma luteum, LEA, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., p. 273, 1863. Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci. v, pt. 3, p. 350, t. 39, f. 220. Obs. ix, p. 172. Trypanostoma Carolinense, LEA, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., p. 278, 1862. Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci., v, pt. 3, p. 351, t. 39, f. 221. Obs. ix, p.173. Description.—Shell smooth, obtusely conical, rather thick, straw color, without bands, sharp pointed; spire obtusely conical; sutures impressed; whorls eight, somewhat convex; aperture rather small, rhombic, pale straw color within; outer lip sharp, sinuous, thickened near the margin; columella bent in, thickened and twisted below. Habitat.—South Carolina? Prof. L. Vanuxem. Diameter, °34; length, :75 inch. Observations.—Two specimens of this pretty little species were found among many shells long since given to me by my friend, the late Prof. Vanuxem. It is allied to Vanuxemii (nobis), but may at once be distinguished by being without bands, and being a larger and yellow species. The aperture is rather more than one-third the length of the shell.—LZea. Figured from Mr. Lea’s plate. I cannot distinguish specifically the following :-— Trypanostoma Carolinense. — Shell smooth, conical, rather thick, horn-color; spire obtusely conical; sutures impressed; whorls seven, slightly convex; aperture rather small, rhomboidal, whitish or brown- ish within; outer lip sharp, sinuous; columella bent in, thickened and twisted. Habitat.—South Carolina; Prof. L. Vanuxem. Diameter, *34; length, °76 inch. 132 LAND AND FRESH-WATER SHELLS OF N. A. [PART IV. Observations.—Among the mollusca brought long since by my friend, the late Prof. Vanuxem, were about a dozen of this little species. The district of the State was not given with the habitat. In some of the specimens there is a disposition to put on a pur- Fig. 246. plish mark on the inside of the base of the columella. In most of the specimens there is a pale light line immediately below the suture. This species is allied to simplex, herein described, but may be distinguished by its being more slen- der, being a darker horn-color, and in having a more elongated aper- ture. The aperture is about one-third the length of the shell.—Lea. Figured from Mr. Lea’s plate. 76. P. curvatum, Lea. Melania curvata, LEA, Philos. Proc. ii, p. 243. Philos. Trans. ix, p.28, Obs. ix, p.28. WHEATLEY, Cat. Shells, U.S., p.25. Brow, List, p.30. BINNEY, Check List, No. 81. Gyrotoma curvata, Say, ? ADAMS, Genera, i, p. 305, Description.—Shell obtusely carinate, somewhat pyramidal. rather thick, dark horn-color; spire somewhat elevated; sutures Fig. 247. impressed; whorls eight, convex; aperture small, curved, whitish. Habitat. —Tennessee. Diameter, ‘40; length, °73 inch. Observations. —The two specimens before me vary very little in all their characters. This is a very distinct species, resembling more, perhaps, M. conica, Say, than any other. The whorls are close, and about the middle are placed two or three obscure carine, which cause a slightly impressed channel. The aperture is small, being a little more than one-third the length of the shell. The outer lip is sharp and very much curved, causing the base of the columella to be twisted. In one of the specimens an obscure band near the base in the interior may be observed.—Lea. 77. BP. simplex, Lra. Trypanostoma simplex, LEA, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., p. 174, 1862. Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci., v, pt. 3, p. 277, t. 36, f.94. Obs. ix, p. 99. Description.—Shell smooth, conical, rather thick, yellowish-olive; Spire rather elevated; sutures somewhat impressed; whorls eight, PLEUROCERA. 133 somewhat convex, the last somewhat constricted; aperture small, constricted, rhomboidal, whitish within; outer lip acute, sinuous; columella thickened below and twisted. Habitat.—Cincinnati, Ohio; T. G. Lea. Diameter, -33; length, -76 inch. Observations.—Among a large number of young Melania (Trypa- nostoma) canaliculata and conica, Say, sent by my brother, long since, I found eight specimens of this small species. All seem to be full grown and are very nearly of the same size. They may be Fig. 248, at once distinguished from canaliculata by their being much smaller, being much more narrow and having no channel or furrow on the middle of the whorl. The aperture is also much smaller. It differs entirely from conica in the whorls, which regularly decrease to the apex, while in that species they decrease rapidly to the apex, which is sharp-pointed. The aperture is about one-third the length of the shell. None of these specimens have bands; one is slightly brownish inside towards the base. This is very different from Mr. Say’s Melania simplex.— Lea. The figure is a copy of that given by Mr. Lea. 78. P. turgidum, Lea. Melania turgida, LEA, Philos. Proc. ii, p. 82, Oct., 1841. Philos. Trans. ix, p. 18. WHEATLEY, Cat. Shells U.S., p.27. BINNEY, Check List, No. 278. Brot, List, p. 33. Description.—Shell smooth, obtusely conical, inflated, thick, banded; spire short, pointed at the apex; sutures slightly impressed; whorls seven, flattened; aperture small, trapezoidal; columella thickened, white. Hahbitat.—Holston River, East Tennessee. Diameter, °35; length, °55 inch. Observations.—This is a very short and thick species, having a very large body-whorl disposed to be obtusely angular at the middle. The number of bands varies. One of the specimens has a single one, another has two bands, and five have five bands, there being seven specimens before me. That with a single band is of a bright yellow; the others are of a greenish-yellow. The aperture is nearly one-half the length of the shell, and twisted at the base.—Lea. 154 LAND AND FRESH-WATER SHELLS OF N. A. [PART IV. This species appears to be very closely allied to T. minor, Lea. 79. P. minor, Lea. Trypanostoma minor, LEA, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., p. 174, 1862. Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci., v, pt. 3, p. 278, t. 36, f. 95. Obs. ix, p. 100. Description.—Shell smooth, obtusely conoidal, rather thick, yel- lowish, banded; spire obtusely conical; sutures much impressed; whorls seven, somewhat convex, the last large; aperture large, subrhomboidal, white and usually banded within; outer lip acute, sinuous; columella incurved, thickened below and slightly twisted. Fig. 249. Habitat.—Tennessee; Prof. Troost. Diameter, °32; length, °54 inch. Observations.—Four specimens were found among a number of young shells from Prof. Troost. It is a modest little species which might easily be taken for a young Melania conica, Say. It is most nearly allied to bivittata, herein described, but may be distinguished by being wider in proportion, having a shorter spire, being less polished, and notso bright a yellow. It differs also in the brown bands being much less distinctly marked, the upper whorls showing none, while the other is beautifully banded to the apex. The two species differ in columella, minor having nearly half of it perpendicular, while bivittata has that portion twisted backwards. The bands seem to be uncertain in this species, one having two bands, two having one band and the other having no band. The aperture is nearly half the length of the shell.—Lea. It is very probable that this is the juvenile of some described species. 80. P. pumilum, Lea. Trypanostoma pumilum, LEA, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., p. 174, 1862. Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci., v, pt. 3, p.279, t. 36, f.96. Obs. ix, p. 101. Description.—Shell smooth, shining, conoidal, rather solid, yellowish- green, double-banded; spire obtusely conical; sutures much im- pressed; whorls seven, somewhat convex, the last very large; aper- ture rather large, rhomboidal, whitish and double banded within; outer lip acute, sinuous; columella thickened below and very much twisted. Habitat.—Tennessee; Prof. Troost. Diameter, °38; length, °71 inch. PLEUROCERA. 135 Observations.—Two specimens of this small species came with bivittatum, herein described, mixed with the young of other species. It is rather larger than it and, although very close, may be distinguished Dy difference of size, being more pyramidal, having a darker epidermis, and in the aperture being more rhombic. Two bands only are visible on the exterior, but Fig. 250. the interior of the larger displays a third close to the base of the columella, making a spiral turn round it. The aper- ture is about three-eighths of the length of the shell. It is very different from Melania pumila (nobis) described in Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. v. x, p. 86, which indeed belongs to the genus Lithasia.—Lea. 81. BP. opaca, ANTHONY. Melania opaca, ANTHONY, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., p. 58, Feb. 1860. Binney, Check List, No. 189. Brot, List p.38. REEVE, Monog. Melania, sp. 384. Melania iostoma, ANTHONY, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., p. 62, February, 1850. BINNEY, Check List, No. 152. Brot, List, p. 31. REEVE, Monog. Melania, sp. 351. Melania nigrostoma, Anthony, REEVE, Monog. Melania, sp. 463, 367. Brot, List, p. 38. Trypanostoma Tennesseénse, LEA, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., p. 175, 1862. Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci., v, pt. 3, p. 281, t.37, f.100. Obs. ix, p. 103. Melania itostoma. — Shell ovate conic, smooth; spire obtusely elevated; whorls about six, subconvex; body-whorl exhibiting un- commonly strong lines of growth, curved and varicose; color, greenish-olive, shining; sutures distinct; body-whorl strongly but not sharply angulated on the middle, aperture broad ovate, within Fig, 251. light purple, which becomes very deep on the columella, = which is regularly rounded; outer lip somewhat produced, and having a well developed sinus at base. Habitat.—Tennessee. Observations.—This species approaches nearest in form and color M. glans (nobis), now changed to glandula, from which it differs in being less globular, of a lighter color generally, and by the angulated body-whorl. Compared with MW. pinguis, Lea, it is less obese, more elongate and has not the rapidly attenuating spire of that species. From all others it is readily distinguished.— Anthony. The following species, which is figured from a type specimen also, will, I am confident, prove to be the young of iostoma. 136 LAND AND FRESH-WATER SHELLS OF N. A. [PART Iv. Melania nigrostoma, Anthony.—Shell conically ovate, deep purple- black within and without, whorls five, flatly sloping, smooth, the last Fig. 252. rather stout, obtusely angled in the middle; aperture ovate. Anthony, manuscript. Habitat. ? Observations.—A dense purple-black species, received from Mr. Anthony with the above name, without habitat.—Reeve. Mr. Reeve first figured this species by mistake (No. 367) as nigrina, Lea. Melania opaca.—Shell ovate, thick, smooth, of a dark brown color; spire short, composed of about six convex whorls; body- Fig. 253. whorl large, subangulated in the centre; sutures indicated by a narrow lighter line, and very distinct; aperture ovate, livid within; columella indented, and tinged with purple; outer lip a little curved; sinus not remarkable. Habitat.—Alabama. Observations.—A dusky inconspicuous shell of no great beauty. Only two specimens have ever come under my notice, but I am per- suaded, nevertheless, that they are distinct —cannot well be compared with any other species. More smooth than MM. athleta (nobis) and devoid of ribs, which that species has. Its dark, dirty brown color down to about the middle of the body-whorl, and pale olive-green underneath, together with its purple columella, may sufficiently distin- guish it.—Anthony. An examination of Mr. Anthony’s type specimen of opaca convinces me that the species is the same as tostoma. Mr. Lea agrees with me that his P/. Tennesseénse described below is a synonyme. Pl. Tennesseénse. — Shell smooth, obtusely conical, very much inflated, rather thick, dark brown; spire short and very obtuse, sutures impressed; whorls about six, convex; aper- ture large, subrhomboidal, dark within; outer lip acute, much expanded below; inflected and very sinuous: colu- mella very much thickened below, and twisted. | Habitat.—Tennessee; Drs. Troost and Currey: Lebanon County, Tennessee; J. M. Safford. Diameter, -47; length, -84 inch. Observations.—I have four specimens of this species. The two PLEUROCERA. OA larger have been in my possession for a long time. They are from Dr. Troost, and are more inflated. While the older part is dark brown, the newer part is dark green, and the interior partakes of these colors. The specimen from Mr. Safford is rather smaller and browner, is purplish within and is thickened on the outer lip near the base. All have alight line under the suture. That from Dr. Currey is about half grown, and has two broad bands. The largest specimen is figured, the lower part of the specimen is more expanded than the others, and is very remarkable in this respect. In outline it is allied to M. pinguis (nobis), but differs much in the form of the aperture. The aperture is nearly half the length of the shell.— Zea. : 82. P. trochulus, Lea. Trypanostoma trochulus, LEA, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., p. 175, 1862. Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci., v, pt.3, p. 282, t. 37, f. 103. Obs. ix, p. 104. Description.—Shell smooth, top-shaped, very much swollen, yellow, single banded below; spire very obtuse; sutures impressed; whorls six, flattened above and inflated below; aperture large, rhomboidal, whitish and single-banded within; outer lip acute, sinuous; columella thickened below and very much twisted. Habitat.—Holston River, Tennessee; Prof. G. Troost. Diameter, °37; length, -49 inch. Observations.—A single specimen of this pretty little spe- cies was received from Prof. Troost, along time since, with Melania turgida (nobis), but it is a very different species, having a more char- acteristic auger-shaped mouth, and this specimen has a single band, while four specimens of turgida have each five bands. It is also top-shaped while the turgida is globose. It is not easily confounded with any other species, being wider for its length than any other Trypanostoma with which I am acquainted. The aperture is full one- half the length of the shell, and the body-whorl is nearly two-thirds the length of the whole shell.—Zea. 83. P. napoideum, Lea. Trypanostoma napoideum, LEA, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., p. 112, 1864. Jour. Acad, Nat. Sci., vi, p. 143, t. 23, f. 54, 1867. Description.—Shell smooth, obtusely conical, rather thick, horn- color, without bands; spire short, pointed at the apex; sutures 138 LAND AND FRESH-WATER SHELLS OF N. A. [PARTIV. - impressed; whorls seven, slightly convex above, the last one very much inflated; aperture large, subrhomboidal, white within; outer lip acute, sinuous; columella thickened below and very much twisted. Habitat.—Tennessee. Diameter, °30; length, °51 inch. Observations.—This is one of the many species sent to me long since by my excellent friend the late Prof. Troost. There were but two Fig. 256. specimens, and as they had very much the aspect of young Melania conica, Say, I refrained from describing them in hopes “ that others would be received. Feeling satisfied that it isa Me) distinct species, I propose the name from its round, short form, somewhat like a turnip. One of the specimens has a purple spot at the base of the columella; the other is devoid of it. | The aperture is quite one-half the length of the shell.—Lea. Goniobasic Section. Genus GONIOBASIS, Lea. Goniobasis, LEA, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., p. 262, May, 1862. Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci., v, pt.3, p. 217, March, 1863. Obs. ix, p. 39. Ceriphasia (sp.), Swainson, H. and A. ADAms, Genera, i, p. 298, Feb., 1854. CHENU, Man. de Conchyl., i, p. 290, 1859. Pachycheilus (sp.), Lea, H. and A. ADams, Genera, i, p. 298, Feb., 1854. Potadoma (sp.), Swainson, H. and A. Apams, Genera, i, p. 299, Feb., 1854. CHENU, Man. de Conchyl., i, p. 290, 1859. Elimia (sp.), H. and A. Abas, Genera, i, p. 300, Feb., 1854. CHENU, Man. de Conchyl., i, p. 290, 1859. Melasma (sp.), H. and A. ADAms, Genera, i, p. 300, Feb., 1854. CuEnu, Man. de Conchyl., i, p. 292, 1859. Hemisinus (sp.), Swainson, H. and A. Apams, Genera, i, p. 802, Feb. 1854. Juga (sp.), H. and A. Apams, Genera, i, p. 304, Feb., 1854. CneNnu, Man. de Conchyl., i, p. 293, 1859. Megara (sp.), H. and A. Apams, Genera, i, p. 306, Feb., 1854. CHENu, Man. de Conchyl., i, p. 293, 1859. Pleurocera, Rafinesque, HaLpeMAN, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., p. 274, 1863. Melania (sp.), AucT. GONIOBASIS. 139 SPECIES. A. Shell spirally ridged. 1. G. procissa, ANTHONY. Melania procissa, ANTHONY, Ann. Lyc. Nat. Hist. N. Y., vi, p. 109, t. 3, f. 9, March, 1954. Bruxney, Check List, No. 218. Brow, List, p.59. REV, Monog. Melania, sp. 342. Description.—Shell ovate, rather thick, brown; whorls supposed to be about five, rather convex; body-whorl surrounded by about five carine, of which two central ones are more prominent; sutures linear; aperture large, ovate, exhibiting the elevated ridges on the body-whorl, as linear, brown bands seen through the substance of the shell; columella rounded, deeply indented, having a small purple spot below the middle, with a slight sinus at the base. Diameter, °35 inch (9 millim.) ; length, °56 inch (14 millim.). Length of aperture, -28 inch (7 millim.); breadth of aperture, °18 inch (44 millim.). Habitat.—Alabama. Observations.—The only specimen I have is somewhat mutilated, but seems nevertheless perfectly distinct; the only known species with which I can compare it is JZ. sulcosa, Lea, which is a much thinner and more elevated species. The aperture of the present shell is also proportionally much larger, and the number of whorls less, for, though injured in that part, the rapid diminution of the whorls does not indicate an elevated spire; the number of raised lines on the body-whorl is also less, and they are rather very elevated cost than strie as in Mr. Lea’s species.— Anthony. This species, at first sight very distinct, may be only a lengthened variety of Mr. Anthony’s Anculosa canalifera; and the latter is perhaps a variety of A. carinata, Bruguicre (dissimilis, Say). ‘The locality given is probably incorrect, as the shell has the aspect of the North Carolina Strepomatide rather than those of Alabama. 140 LAND AND FRESH-WATER SHELLS OF N. A. [PART IY. B. Shell tuberculate or nodulous. 2. G. varians, LE. Melania varians, LEA, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., p. 120, 1861. Goniobasis varians, LEA, Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci., v, pt. 3, p. 219, t. 34, f. 2, March, 1863. Obs. ix, p. 41. Description.—Shell smooth, plicate or striate, raised conical, rather thick, yellowish or pale brown, banded; spire raised; sutures impressed; whorls seven, flattened above; aperture rather small, elliptical, whitish and banded within; outer lip acute; columella whitish, incurved, obtusely angular at the base. Habitat.—Coosa River, Alabama; Dr. Showalter and Dr. Budd. Diameter, -40; length, 1:4 inches. Observations.—I have a number of specimens before me, some of which have been in my possession for several years. They are allied to Melania Haysiana (nobis), and I formerly Fig. 259. thought they were a mere variety of that species; but the numerous and fine specimens sent to me, of various ages and forms, by Dr. Showalter, satisfy me that the species is quite distinct. It is very variable, some being smooth and eae MO cero of een eg beautiful, while others are plicate and others again roughly striate, with a shoulder below the sutures, giving it quite a different aspect. The aperture is more than one-third the length of the shell. It usually has four bands, but in some individuals there are none and others have one, two, three or four.—ZLea. The first figure is a copy of Mr. Lea’s; the other figure is from a specimen belonging to the Smithsonian Institute. This latter appears to be the typical form of the species. 3. G. Hydeii, Conran. Melania Hydeii, CONRAD, New Fresh Water Shells, p. 50, t. 8, f. 1, 1834. REEVE, Monog. Melania, sp. 248. DreEKAyY, Moll. N. York, p. 93. WHEATLEY, Cat, Shells, U, S. p. 25. Bryney, Check List, No. 141. Conrad, MULLER, Synopsis, p. 44. Melunia Hydei, Conrad, JAY, Cat. Shells, 4th edit., p.273. Brov, List, p.32, Han- LEY, Conch. Misc. t. 1, f. 3. Melania Hydii, Conrad, CATLOW, Conch. Nomenc.,, p. 187. Description.—Shell conical, rather elevated; whorls flattened, with GONIOBASIS. 141 spiral acute tuberculated lines, one or two only on each whorl of the spire, and about four on the body-whorl, the inferior one Fig. 260. plain; aperture elliptical. Observations.—Inhabits rocks in the Black War- rior River, south of Blount’s Springs, Alabama, Fig. 261. and is very abundant. It is remarkable for its distant tuberculated lines. Young specimens are olive, with a purple band on each whorl, and are without tubercles; the body-whorl is angulated, and carinated. It is named in honor of Mr. William Hyde, an industrious and excel- lent conchologist.— Conrad. 4. G. decorata, ANTHONY. Melania decorata, ANTHONY, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., p.55, Feb., 1850. REEVE, Monog. Melania, sp. 251. BINNEY, Check List, No. 85. Bror, List, p. 32. Goniobasis Tryoniana, LEA, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., p. 272, 1862. Jour. Acad. Nat, Sci., v, pt. 3, p. 342, t. 38, f.207, March, 1863. Obs., ix, p. 164, t. 38, f. 207. Goniobasis granata, LEA, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., p. 272, 1852.— Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci. y, pt. 3, p. 348, t. 38, f.209, March, 1863. Obs., ix, p. 165, Description.—Shell short, thick, ovate; whorls about five, but trun- cate as to show only two or three remaining; whorls prominently ribbed and intersected by revolving strie, forming nodules Fig. 262. where they cross each other; dark bands also revolve around the whorls, giving them a highly decorative appear- ance, columella often thickened by a callous deposit; sinus small. Habitat.—Oostenaula River, Georgia. Observations.—I collected some two hundred specimens of this species in Oostenaula River, Georgia, in 1853, I then supposed they Fig. 263. would prove to be merely the young of M. celatura, Conr. Closer examination and comparison, however, have convinced me that they are not identical. Many of the specimens are decidedly mature, and differ from calatura by the greater regularity of their folds, which are also interrupted by a revolving raised line near the sutures, and by their dark bands and less elongate form; cannot well be compared with any other.— Anthony. The following are the descriptions of the species believed to be synonymes. 142 LAND AND FRESH-WATER SHELLS OF N. A. [PART IY. Goniobasis Tryoniana.—Shell granulose or striate, subfusiform, yellowish-brown or dark brown, thick, robust, banded, rarely not f banded; spire obtusely conical; sutures irregularly im- pressed: whorls about six, the last very large; aperture very large, ovately rhomboidal, much banded within; outer lip subcrenulate, scarcely sinuous; columella slightly bent in and scarcely twisted. Operculum ovate, rather thick, dark brown, with the polar point near the left margin, above the base. Habitat. — Oostenaula, near Rome; Bishop Elliott: Etowah River, Georgia; J. Postell: and Oconee River and Tennessee River; Rev. G. White. Diameter, -52; length, 1-01 inches. Observations.—\I have a number of specimens from the above vari- ous habitats, and they vary very much. Some are more obtuse than others, and some are tuberculate, while others are only transversely striate, close strie often covering the whole surface. Usually the bands do not show on the outside, often giving the surface a clouded appearance, while in the interior usually the bands are well marked and sometimes number as many as eight, but sometimes the aperture 3 is entirely white; rarely the whole is purple inside, in which case the | exterior is very dark brown. The base of the columella is usually yellowish outside. It is somewhat allied to Melania (Goniobasis) Coosaensis (nobis), but that species is more constricted and has a narrow aperture! The aperture is nearly one-half the length of the shell. I name this species after Mr. G. W. Tryon, Jr., who has done much to promote the study of malacology.—Lea. Goniobasis granata.—Shell granulose, striate below, fusiform, banded, rather thick, shining, inflated, olivaceous or reddish ; spire depressed; sutures irregularly impressed; whorls about five, flattish, the last one very large; aperture large, ovately rhomboidal, much twisted. Operculum ovate, rather thin, dark brown, with the polar point near to the left margin above the base. Habitat.—Etowah River, near Canton, Georgia; Bishop Elliott and Rey. G. White. Diameter, °36; length, :70 inch. Observations.—A number of specimens were sent to me by Bishop Elliott and the Rev. Mr. White; some are much more granulate than GONIOBASIS. 143 others, which are transversely striate with rugose granulations. When perfectly granulate there are three or four rows of beautiful small nodes surrounding the whorls. There are usually seven bands well marked inside, but obscure on the exterior. A single specimen is entirely brownish-purple inside. It is rarely without color; usu- ally there is a small yellowish spot at the base of the columella out- side. Those sent by Mr. White are all olive-green and without an iron deposit. Those from Bishop Elliott were all covered with the black oxide of iron, which on being removed exhibit a rubiginose color, and do not show much color in the bands. In outline it is near to Melania (Goniobasis) bellula (nobis), but is more inflated and is striate and granose. The aperture is about one-half the length of the shell. —Lea. This species is a good one but has unfortunately not been properly distinguished from celatura, Conrad. Mr. Anthony’s description of decorata applies to the juve- nile form only, but his name has priority and must be adopted. Mr. Anthony has misunderstood the range of characters of the species, and some of the specimens labelled decorata by him are the young of celatura. Mr. Lea’s type figure of Tryoni- ana, which is here copied, exhibits the mature form, but he has made his description to cover both this roughly granose species and the smoother celatura. Indeed, some of the shells which he has presented to me are really celatura. Mr. Lea’s granata is a young shell and is in all respects identical with Mr. Anthony’s species. The original figure is copied. Luckily in the present instance a number of lots of specimens, numbering several hundred individuals in all, have enabled me to make the above decisions with confidence. There is a wide range of variation in color, form, texture and ornamentation in this species. 5. G. celatura, Conran. Melania celatura, CONRAD, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., iv, p. 154, Feb., 1849. Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci., i, pt. 4, p. 278, t. 38, f. 3, Jan., 1850. BINNEY, Check List, No. 58. Brot, List, p.32. REEVE, Monog. Melania, sp. 245. Goniobasis Tryoniana, LEA, Description in part. Description.—Ovate-oblong, turreted; volutions six, with longitu- dinal ribs and unequal prominent revolving lines, subnodulous where 144 LAND AND FRESH-WATER SHELLS OF N. A. [PART IV. they cross the ribs; the ribs on the body-whorl do not reach the mid- dle; the color ochraceous and brown; aperture narrow, elliptical; labium with interior brown bands; superior Fig. 266. Fig. 266a. part of columella somewhat callous. Habitat.—Savannah River.— Conrad. Mr. Lea’s description of Tiryoniana includes this species. Fig. 266 is a copy. from Conrad’s plate. It is readily distinguished from the preced- ing species by being narrower, more fusiform and closely nodulously stri- ate; the tuberculations not being so well developed as in decorata. As mentioned before, Mr. Anthony has distributed the young of this species under the latter name. 6. G. Stewardsoniana, Lxra. Goniobasis Stewardsoniana, LEA, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., p. 272, 1862. Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci., v, pt. 8, p. 344, t. 38, f. 210, March, 1863. Obs. ix, p. 166. Description.— Shell granulate, transversely striate, subfusiform, thick, shining, inflated, green or brown, without bands; spire very obtuse; sutures impressed; whorls slightly convex; aper- Fig. 267. ture very large, ovately rhomboidal, white within; outer lip sharp, slightly sinuous; columella bent in, thickened above and below and twisted. Habitat.—Knoxville, Tennessee; B. W. Budd, M.D. Diameter, *42; length, *70 inch. Observations.—Two specimens, one perfect, the other with little more than the body-whorl, were given to me long since by Dr. Budd, to whom I am indebted for many fresh water mollusca of our West- ern and Southwestern States, one of which, properly belonging to this genus, I called Melania Buddii. Of the two specimens before me, the younger is almost entirely perfect, and presents a fine, smooth, dark green epidermis with trans- verse stris, which on the upper part of the whorls are broken up into granulations. These strie are raised and rounded, and are darker than the ground. The old spec- imen is of a rusty color, having been covered with oxide of iron. The aperture is more than half the length of the shell. There is some resemblance of this shell to Melania (Gonio- GONIOBASIS. 145 basis) Hydei, Con., but that is conical, having a high granular spire. I name this after my friend Thomas Stewardson, M.D., to whom I am indebted for many fine specimens of our Southern mollusca.—Lea. I at first considered this shell the young of celatura, but have finally concluded that it is distinct. The surface is ridged around, the ridges being fretted, disposing to tuber- culation; the shell is very solid and generally dark green and polished. A figure of the adult satisfactorily exhibits the dif- ferences between it and celatura. 7. G. flavescens, Lra. Goniobasis flavescens, LEA, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., p. 271, 1862. Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci., v, pt. 3, p. 339, t. 38, f. 202, March, 1863. Obs. ix, p- 161. Description.—Shell striate, sometimes granulate and folded, subcy- lindrical, yellowish, thick; spire obtusely conical; sutures irregularly impressed; whorls slightly convex, the last very large; Fig.269, aperture large, subrhomboidal, banded or white within; outer lip sharp, scarcely sinuous; columella bent in, very much thickened above and twisted. Operculum ovate, rather thick, brown, with the polar { point near the left margin above the base. Habitat.— Oconee and Tennessee Rivers, Tennessee; Rey. G. White. Diameter, 43; length -97 inch. Observations. — Quite a number of specimens were sent to me by Mr. White, and among them there is great variation. They are allied on one side to Tryoniana, herein described, and on the other to Mela- nia (Goniobasis) brevis (nobis.) It is a larger species than the latter, and smaller and more cylindrical than the former. Brown bands are more or less observable in the interior of about half the speci- mens before me. The callus above is usually thick and often colored. One specimen only is entirely brown inside. The aperture is more than one-third the length of the shell, none have the apex sufficiently perfect to ascertain the number of whorls. There are probably about six. There is a close affinity between this and Mela- nia (Goniobasis) Holstonia (nobis), which, however, is more robust, of a different color and more granulate.—Lea. ie. W. 8. IV. 10 146 LAND AND FRESH-WATER SHELLS OF N. A. [PART lV. 8. G. occata, Hips. Melania occata, H1NDS, Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist. xiv, p. 9. Zool. Voy. Sulphur. Moll. ii, p. 56, t. 15, f.5. CAaTLOw, Conch. Nomenc., p. 188. Brot, List, p. 34. LA, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., p. 81, April, 1856. REEVE, Monog. Mel., sp. 267. Juga occata, Hinds, CHENU, Man. de Conchyl., i, f. 2016. Melania Shastaensis, Lea, REEVE, Monog. Mel. sp. 318. Description.—Shell ovate, elongate, lutescent; whorls few, rounded, grooved, intermediate ridges narrow, acute; spire eroded above the fourth whorl; aperture czrulescent. Habitat.—River Sacramento, California. Observations. —The rounded whorls are ploughed into numerous furrows and the intervening ridges are com- paratively narrow and keel-shaped; the lower part of the aperture is somewhat dilated, and slightly disposed to elongate in the manner of Jo. — Reeve. Mr. Reeve, and Dr. Brot following him, have fallen into the error of quoting Shastaensis as a synonyme through that pro- lific source of error ‘‘an authentic specimen.” The figure of ‘* Shastaensis”’ given by Reeve from a specimen in the collec- tion of Mr. Cuming is finer than any specimen of occata that IJ have seen. The species varies in form very much. 9. G. catenaria, Say. Melania catenaria, SAY, Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci., ii, p. 379, Dec. 1822. BINNEY, Reprint, p. 111. BINNEY, Check List, No. 52. REEVE, Monog. Melania, sp. 336. DEKAy, Moll. N. York, p. 93. WHEATLEY, Cat. Shells U. S. p. 24. GrBBES, Rep’t. 8. Carolina, p.19. JAY, Cat. 4th edit., p. 273. CArLow, Conch. Nomence. p. 185. Brot, List, p. 34. Elimia catenaria, Lea, ADAMS, Genera, i, p. 300. Melania sublirata, CONRAD, Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci., 2nd ser. i, pt. 4, p. 277, t. 38, f. 1. Jan. 1850. Brov, List, p. 37. REEVE, Monog. Melania, sp. 339. Description.—Shell conic, black; whorls seven or eight, slightly undulated transversely, and with eight or nine revolving, Fic. 271. elevated lines, of which the four or five superior ones are almost interrupted between the undulations. Length less than half an inch. Habitat.—South Carolina. Observations. —The essential specific character resides in the cate- nated appearance of the superior revolving lines of the whorls, result- ing from their being more prominent on the undulations which they GONIOBASIS. 147 cross, than between them, where they are often obsolete. This spe- cies was sent to me by Mr. Stephen Elliot, who obtained it in Lime- stone Springs, St. John’s, Berkley.—Say. The shell described by Mr. Say is a quite young one —as is evident from an inspection of the figure, which is drawn from the original type, now in the possession of Jno. G. Anthony. Mr. Lea described under the same name a species from Georgia, but Prof. Haldeman (Monog. Limniades, Cover No. 6) called attention to the fact that the name was preoccupied by Say, and Mr. Lea subsequently changed his name to catenoides. That the following is the adult of this species cannot be doubted. Fig.272. Fig. 273. Melania sublirata. — Elongate-conoidal; volu- tions six, the sides flattened above; whorls of the spire with a carinated angle near the base of each, and longitudinally ribbed; ribs not prominent; upper whorls with two distant revolving lines on each; base of the body-whorl striated, the upper portion of body-whorl obscurely ribbed; color olivaceous with obscure brown bands. Habitat.—Savannah River.— Conrad. 10. G. Floridensis, REEVE. Melania Floridensis, REEVE, Monog. Melania, sp. 334. Brot, List, p. 34. SS Description.—Shell somewhat pyramidally tur- ee reted, blackish-olive, whorls seven to nine, broadly sloping, then slightly angled, longitu- dinally indistinctly plaited, corded throughout with fine noduled ridges; aperture ovate, a little effused at the base. Habitat.—Florida. Observations. — Sculptured throughout with fine corded ridges which are noduled on crossing the rather obscure longitudinal plaits. — Reeve. 148 LAND AND FRESH-WATER SHELLS OF N. A. [PART IV. ll. G. catenoides, Lea. Melania catenaria, LEA, Proc. Philos. Soc. i, p. 289, Oct. 1840 (preoc.). Melania catenoides, LEA, Philos. Trans. viii, p. 228, t. 6, f. 60. Obs., iii, p. 66, DEKAY, Moll. N. Y. p. 101. WHEATLEY, Cat. Shells U. S. p. 24. JAy, Caf. 4th edit., p. 273. Binney, Check List, No. 53. CATLOw, Conch. Nomence. p. 18). Bror, List, p.34. REEVE, Monog. Melania, sp. 298. Elimia cutenoides, Lea, CHENU, Man. de Conchyl. i, f. 1982. ADAMS, Genera, 1, p. 300. Description.—Shell granulate, elevated, conoidal, livid; apex folded; sutures small; aperture ovate. Habitat. — Chattahoochee River, 5; g.278. Fig. 279. Columbus, Geo. Diameter, -43; length, -93 of an inch. Observations. — This species dif- fers from the M. Boykiniana, in being without tubercles and carina. The colored revolving hair-like lines are numerous and, being pitted, present the appearance of a chain. Some of the old specimens are quite black, while the younger ones are green or yellow. In some cases where the apex is eroded or worn off and the shell black and old, it looks like M. Virginica (Say), as no grains can be observed.— Lea. 12. G. Etowahensis, Lea. Melania Etowahensis, Lea, REEVE, Monog. Mel. sp. 426, May, 1861. Goniobasis Canbyi, LEA, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., p.271, 1852. Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci., Vv, pt. 3, p. 340, t. 38, f. 204, March, 1863. Obs., ix, p. 162. Description.—Shell tuberculate, plicate, transversely striate below, turreted, thin, brown or pale brown, maculate; spire turreted ; sutures, - irregularly impressed; whorls seven, carinate, with com- pressed tubercles on the periphery; aperture small, rhomboi- dal, spotted within; outer lip crenulate, sinuous; columella bent in and very much twisted. Habitat. —Lake Monroe, Florida; W. Canby: and Etowah and Tennessee Rivers, Georgia; J. Postell. Diameter, °35; length, -76 inch. Observations.—Several bleached specimens were collected by Mr. Canby of Wilmington, Delaware, from Enterprise, on Lake Monroe. Mr. Postell sent me two perfect specimens from Etowah River, GONIOBASIS. 149 Georgia, and a bleached one from the Tennessee River. All these specimens are without variation. There are usually five revolving strie below and two above that round the periphery, which make compressed tubercles where they are crossed. These folds are bright brown, nearly red on their left side, and give a maculate appearance to the whole shell. These maculations are visible on the inside. The compressed, sharp tubercles almost constitute spines, and, on first looking at this shell, one is reminded of Melania spinulosa, Lam., but it cannot be confounded with that species. In outline and in most of its characters it is allied to Hallenbeckii, herein described, but it is much smaller, and differs in being maculate instead of banded. The aperture is about one-third the length of the shell. I dedicate this to my friend, Mr. Canby, who kindly brought me some specimens.—Lea. I presume it was Mr. Lea’s first intention to describe this species under the name of Hiowahensis, as specimens are before me, which that gentleman sent to Mr. Anthony under the latter name. Mr. Reeve’s description, which it is unnecessary for us to reproduce here, is drawn up from Mr. Anthony’s specimen. ‘The figure, which is copied from the original one, gives but a faint idea of this beautifully variegated species, which for gracefulness of contour stands unrivalled. It is doubtful whether this species is really distinct from papillosa, Anth. In the young shells, particularly, it is ex- tremely difficult to draw a line of distinction between the two. 13. G. Hallenbeckii, Lra. Goniobasis Hallenbeckii, LEA, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., p. 271, 1862. Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci., v, pt. 3, p. 339, t. 38, f. 203, March, 1863. Obs., ix, p. 161. Melunia Hallenbeckii, Lea, REEVE, Monog. Melania, sp. 332. Description.—Shell tuberculate, transversely striate below, turreted, rather thin, pale horn-color or olivaceous, banded, or without bands; spire elevately turreted; sutures very much impressed; whorls eight, carinate, with compressed tubercles at the periphery; aperture large, ovately rhom- boidal, whitish within; outer lip crenulate, sinuous; col- umella bent in, slightly thickened, and very much twisted. Habitat. — Randall’s Creek, near Columbus, Georgia; G. Hallenbeck. Diameter, *47; length, 1:24 inches. Observations.—This is a very beautiful species, having some resem- 150 LAND AND FRESH-WATER SHELLS OF N. A. [PART IV. blance in outline to Melania (Goniobasis) Boykiniana (nobis), but it is larger, has more tubercles, and a more elevated spire. Many speci- mens are disposed to be plicate, and on the periphery where these folds traverse the raised strie, a com- pressed tubercle is caused. These are sometimes re- peated obscurely by the inferior striew. Most of the specimens before me are banded, but many are entirely free from bands. Usually, there are four bands, rarely five, two being visible on the upper whorls. The lower band near to the base of the columella is usually well defined. The aperture is about one-third the length of the shell. I have great pleasure in dedicating this fine species to Mr. Hallenbeck, who has done much to develop the natural history of Georgia.—Lea. Dr. Brot makes this species a synonyme of Boykiniana, but I cannot, from the material that has passed under my inspec- tion, coincide in this decision, although the two are closely allied, and may be the same. 14, G. Boykiniana, Lea. Melania Boylciniana, LEA, Proc. Philos. Soc., i, p. 289, Oct., 1840. Philos. Trans. Vill, p. 228, t. 6, f.59. Obs., iii, p.66. DEKAY, Moll. N. Y., p. 100. WHEATLEY, Cat. Shells U. S., p. 24. REEVE, Monog. Melania, sp. 77. JAy, Cat. Shells, 4th edit., p. 273. Binney, Check List, No. 87. CATLOW, Conch. Nomenc., p. 185. Brot, List, p. 34. Elimia Boykiniana, Lea, CHENU, Man. de Conchyl., i, f. 1978. ADAMS, Genera, i, p. 300. Jugu Troostiana, Lea, CHENU, Man. de Conchy1., i, f. 2017. Description.—Shell granulate, elevated, somewhat turreted, at the carina tuberculate; sutures impressed; aperture long, ovate. Habitat. — Chattahoochee River, Columbus, Georgia. Fig. 283, Fig. 284. pee Diameter, -38; length, -94 of an inch. 1g. ° 5 Observations. —This is a very distinct #/ and remarkable species. Although many of the individuals differ, the prevailing character is to have the whole of the whorls covered with numerous granulate, revolving lines, generally bearing a purple or brown line. In some the tubercles of the carina assume the character of folds.—Lea. ; og ; 7 GONIOBASIS. 151 Figure 283 is a copy of the original figure. 284 and 285 are from specimens in the Smithsonian collection. Like Hal- lenbeckii, this species is numerous in individuals. Many spec- imens are light green with raised, revolving lines of very dark color, giving them a strikingly handsome appearance. So great are the variations of form in this shell and in cate- naria, that I should not be surprised if the latter proved to be a younger stage of the former. 15. G. Bentoniensis, Lra. Goniobasis Bentoniensis, LEA, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., p. 271, 1862. Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci. y, pt. 3, p. 336, t. 38, f. 198, March, 1863. Obs. ix, p. 158. Description.—Shell carinate, folded, striate, conical, greenish horn- color, without bands; spire raised, conical; sutures very Fig. 286, much impressed; whorls seven, slightly convex; aperture rather small, ovately rhomboidal, whitish within; outer lip acute, scarcely sinuous; columella bent in, somewhat twisted. Habitat.—Benton County? North Alabama; G. Hallenbeck. My cabinet and cabinet of Dr. Hallenbeck. Diameter, °39; length, -93 inch. Observations.—There are two specimens before me sent by Mr. Hal- lenbeck. He is not positively certain that they were found in Benton County. Both these have revolving strise over all the whorls. The upper whorls have folds which, where they cut the striew, are raised into obtuse nodes. The larger striz on the body-whorl are repre- sented on the inside by white lines. It is rare that any species is carinate, plicate and striate at the same time. It is allied to Melania (Goniobasis) Boykiniana (nobis), but is not tuberculate, nor is it so large. The aperture is about one-third the length of the shell.—Lea. Doubtfully distinct from papillosa, Anthony. 16. G. papillosa, ANTHony. Melania papillosa, Anthony, REEVE, Monog. Mel., sp. 467, May, 1861. Brot, List, p. d4. Goniobasis Downieana, LEA, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., p. 272, 1862. Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci., v, pt. 3, p. 341, t. 38, f. 206, March, 1863. Obs. ix, p. 163. Description. —Shell somewhat pyramidally ovate, fulvous-olive: 152 LAND AND FRESH-WATER SHELLS OF N. A. [PART IV. whorls five, slopingly convex, then keeled, longitudinally faintly pli- cated, transversely nodulosely_. ae Fig. 290. Fig.289. ridged; aperture ovate, rather base. Habitat.—Florida. Observations. — Distinguished large, slightly effused at the é by a papillose sculpture though being crossed with transverse ridges, passing over oblique longitudinal folds.— Reeve. The following is a copy of the description of Goniobasis Downieana.— Shell tuberculate, subturreted, clathrate and subcarinate above, transversely striate below, thin, pale brown; spire conical, clathrate; sutures irregularly impressed; whorls seven, subcarinate; compressed tuberculate on and above the periphery; aperture rather large, ovately rhomboidal, whitish within; outer lip crenulate, sinuous; columella bent in and twisted. Habitat.—Etowah River; J. Postell. Diameter, °33; length, ‘71 inch. Observations.—Two specimens only of this beautiful species are before me, neither of them being entirely perfect. These two are without bands, but one has in the interior slight lines of color, eal ig. 291. which indicate that other individuals may be well banded. The strie below the periphery are six, and they are thick enough to cause corresponding white lines in the interior The three lines above the periphery are cut by close folds on ribs and these make the upper parts beautifully clathrate. This species is closely allied to Canbyi herein described but it is shorter and.wider, and the tubercles are more numerous and smaller, having about twenty on the periphery while Canbyi has about thirteen. These three ornamented little species—Canbyi, Couperii, Downieana—form a distinct group among American species, which one would hardly expect to find existing here. The aperture is rather more than one-third the length of the shell. I name this species after T. C. Downie, Esq., civil engineer, who has done much to de- velop the natural history of Georgia.—Lea. —— GONIOBASIS. 153 17. G. Couperii, Lea. Goniobasis Couperii, LEA, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., p. 271, 1862. Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci., V, pt. 3, p. 341, t. 38, f. 205, March, 1863. Obs. ix, p. 163. Description.—Shell tuberculate, plicate, striate above and below, turreted, thin, dark brown, banded at the base; spire turreted; sutures very much impressed; whorls seven, subcarinate, with compressed tubercles on and above the periphery; aperture very small, subrhomboidal, dark and single-banded within; outer lip crenulate, very sinuous; columella bent in, twisted and purple. Habitat.—Etowah River; Mr. Couper by J. Postell. Diameter, -27; length, :72 inch. Observations. — This ornamented little species was sent by Mr. Postell with the Canbyi, which he found also in Etowah River. They are closely allied, but Couperii is slimmer, has more stris above the periphery, which are all cut by the folds, thus filling the spire with small, compressed tubercles. It differs also in being much darker, in not being maculate and in having a broad band near the base which is well marked inside. Below the periphery there are six well- defined, raised revolving strix. The aperture is not quite one-third the length of the shell. Mr. Postell informs me that this species, as well as Canbyi and Downiecana, from Etowah River, were brought some years since by Mr. Couper, son of James Hamilton Couper, Esq., of Hopeton, near Darien, and I have great pleasure in naming this species after him.—Lea. 18. G. inclinans, Lra. Goniobasis inclinans, LEA, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., p. 267, 1862. Jour. Acad. Nat, Sci., v, pt. 3, p. 318, t. 37, f. 166, March, 1863. Obs. ix, p. 140. Description.— Shell very much folded, somewhat drawn out, rather Fig. 293. thin, obscurely banded; spire subattenuate, sharp pointed; sutures furrowed; whorls eight, flattened, covered with ob- lique folds; aperture small, rhomboidal, pale brown within; outer lip acute, sinuous; columella very much bent in, brown- ish-red and very much twisted. Operculum ovate, very thin, light brown, with the polar point nearer to the centre than usual. 154 LAND AND FRESH-WATER SHELLS OF N. A. [PART IV. Habitat.—New Albany, Georgia; Rev. G. White: Etowah; J. Pos- tell: Tuscumbia, Alabama; LB. Pybas. Diameter, -27; length, -68 inch. Observations.—A large number of this species was sent to me by Mr. White and Mr. Pybas. They were generally incrusted with carbonate of lime, which was easily removed. It has some resemblance to Mela- nia (Goniobasis) Deshaysiana, but it is a smaller species, with numer- ous folds much inclining to the left, and generally covering all the whorls. ‘These folds are crossed by revolving strise which form numerous nodes, giving a general rough appearance to the surface. Below the suture there is generally a light line. There is usuallya dark band at the base of the columella, more distinct inside, and sometimes several indistinct ones may be observed above. It reminds one of Melania (Goniobasis) Edgariana (nobis), but that is a much . larger species, and different in color and folds. The aperture is about | one-fourth the length of the shell.—Lea. Figured from Mr. Lea’s plate. 19. G. Postellii, Lea. Melania Postellii, LEA, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., p. 166, July, 1858. BINNEY, Check List, No.214. Brot, List, p. 34. Melania Portellii, Lea, REEVE, Monog. Melania, sp. 427. Goniobasis Postellii, LEA, Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci., v, pt. 3, p. 343, t. 38, f. 208, March, 1863. Obs., 1x, p. 165. Description.—Shell granulate, attenuate, rather thin, yellowish-olive, transversely striate below; spire raised; sutures irregularly impressed ; whorls rather flattened, about eight; aperture small, cllip- tical, white or banded within; outer lip sharp; columella twisted. Habitat.—Altamaha River, Georgia; James Postell. Diameter, °36; length, 1-06 inches. Observations.—Some dozen specimens were received from Mr. Postell, which were all more or less covered with a black deposit of oxide of iron, but underneath the epider- mis was quite perfect, and of alight horn-color. Most of the specimens have four or five brown bands, but others are entirely without them, while others, again, are altogether deep purple inside. It has a very close resemblance to Melania (Coniobasis) caliginosa (nobis), but that species is cancellate, the cancellation not amounting GONIOBASIS. 155 to granulations as in Postellii. It is also near to catenaria, Say, from South Carolina, but that shell is quite cancellate. I name this after James Postell, Esq., of St. Simon’s Island, to whom I owe the acqui- sition of many fine mollusca, from Georgia. Fine specimens were subsequently sent to me by Dr. Wilson, of St. Simon’s Island, pro- _ cured in Lewis’ Creek.—Lea. This is a beautiful and rather common species — easily dis- tinguished from all others belonging to this group. 20. G. arachnoidea, ANTHONY. Melaniaarachnoidea, ANTHONY, Ann. Lyc. Nat. Hist. N. Y., vi, p. 95, t. 2, f. 14, March, 1854. BINNEY, Check List, No.19. Broz, List, p.34. REEVE, Monog. Melania, sp. 83. Melania intertexta, ANTHONY, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., p. 62, February, 1860. Bry- NEY, Check List, No. 151. Brot, List, p. 34. REEVE, Monog. Melania, sp. 296. Description.—Shell conic, rather thin, horn-colored; spire slender and much elevated; whorls twelve, very strongly striated and ribbed, particularly the upper ones; the ribs extend only to a prominent, acute carina on each whorl, situated below the middle, between which and the suture below, one or two Fig. 295. coarse striz alone are visible, sutures deeply impressed; aperture very small, ovate, purplish within; columella reg- ularly curved, without indentation, and with but a small, very narrow sinus at base. Diameter, -28 inch (7 millim.) ; length, 1 inch (26 millim.). Length of aperture °22 inch (24 millim.); breadth of aper- ture, °15 inch (4 millim.). Habitat.—A small stream emptying into the Tennessee River, near London, Tennessee. Observations.—This is one of the slenderest and most elevated of the genus; more than forty specimens are before me, and they are very constant in all their characters; it comes nearest to WV. striatula, Lea, by its folds and striw, but should not be confounded with it, being different in every other particular; the number of whorls is greater by one-half, the striatula having only eight; its proportions are altogether more slender, the sfriatula standing as 21 to 49, while this is 28 to 100. The present species is also much more folded and rough than the stri- atula, which is essentially a striate shell. Upon the older specimens the folds are nearly obsolete on the two lower whorls, being there coarsely striate only. About twelve striz on the body-whorl and six 156 LAND AND FRESH-WATER SHELLS OF N. A. [PART IV. on the penultimate; more elevated in the centre, which renders these whorls subangulated; lines of growth strong, by reason of which the last two whorls have quite a varicose appearance.— Anthony. The following is the description of Melania intertexta.—Shell conical, acute and highly elevated; whorls about ten, each strongly ribbed longitudinally and furnished also with revolving strie which, becoming more elevated near the Fig. 296. suture, arrest the ribs at that point; sutures decidedly im- pressed; aperture pyriform, not large, whitish within; colu- mella slightly rounded, not indented; sinus distinct but small. Habitat.—Tennessee. Observations.—A very abundant species. About two hun- dred specimens are now before me, and present characters remarkably uniform. May be compared with M. bella, Con- rad, but differs by its more elongate, and sharply elevated form; its ribs are more decided, and it has not the bead-like prominences, so common in M&M. bella, and kindred species. From JZ arachnoidea (nobis), it may be distinguished by its less elongate but more acute form, difference of aperture and less number of whorls; the stricze revolve around the whorls and over the folds without being arrested by them, giving the shell a woven appearance; hence its name.— Anthony. I cannot distinguish the two species indicated by the synon- ymy at the commencement of this article; I therefore reprint the descriptions in full and figure the types. The examination of a great many specimens has convinced me that this shell varies much in its proportions, although very distinct from the other species of the genus. 21. G. Conradi, Brot. Melania Conradi, Brot, List, p. 36. Melania symmetrica, CONRAD, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., iv, p. 155, Feb., 1849. Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci., i, pt. 4, p. 278, t. 38, f. 5, Jan., 1850. Bryney, Check List, No. 260. Description.—Subulate, whorls nine, slightly convex, with longitu- dinal, slightly curved, narrow ribs, interrupted near the suture by a revolving granulated line; ribs on the body-whorl not extending as far as the middle; margin of labrum profoundly rounded; color ochraceous and black. GONIOBASIS. era Habitat.—Savannah River. Observations.— Near the apex, two or three yolutions have a fine granulated or carinated line.— Conrad. Dr. Brot proposes the name Conradi for this spe- cies as symmetrica is preoccupied by Prof. Haldeman. I doubt whether this species is distinct from earin- tfera, Lam. 22. G. carinifera, Lamarck. Melania carinifera, LAMARCK, Anim. sans Vert. DESHAYES, Anim. sans Vert., 2d edit., vill, p.433. WHEATLEY, Cat. Shells U.S., p. 24. BINNEY, Check List, No. 48. CATLOW, Conch. Nomenc., p. 185. Brot, List, p. 36. REEVE, Monog. Melania, sp. 273. Melania bella, CONRAD, New Fresh Water Shells, Appendix, p. 6, t. 9. f. 4, 1834. BINNEY, Check List, No.29. Brot, List, p.36. REEVE, Monog. Melania, sp. 269. Elimia bella, Conrad, ADAMS, Genera, i, p. 300. Melania perangulata, CONRAD, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., iv, p. 154, Feb., 1849. Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci., i, pt. 4, p. 278, t.38,f.6. BINNEY, Check List, No. 199. Brot, List, p. 36. REEVE, Monog. Melania, sp. 285. Melania percarinata, CONRAD, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., iv, p. 155, Feb., 1819. Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci., 2d ser., i, pt. 4, p. 278, t. 38, f.10. BINNEY, Check List, No. 200. Brot, List, p. 36. ; Melania nebulosa, CONRAD, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., iv, p. 155, Feb., 1849. Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci., i, pt. 4, p. 278, t. 38, f.9. BINNEY, Check List, No. 172. Brot, List, p. 36. Melania bella-crenata, HALDEMAN, Monog. Limniades, No. 4, p.3 of cover, Oct. 5, 1841. JAY, Cat., 4th ed., p. 273. BINNEY, Check List, No. 30. Brort, List, p. 36. Melania monilifera, Anthony, JAY, Cat., 4th ed., p. 474. Description.—Shell ovate-oblong, longitudinally subrugose, brown- ish-black; whorls carinated in the middle; Fig. 298. Fig. 299. spire more strongly carinate. Habitat.— Cherokee County (Georgia). Length, 74 lignes. Observations.— The spire is longer than the last whorl; its carine are very promi- nent and its sutures are plain- pig. 309, Fig. 301. ly granulose.—Lamarck. Melania bella.— Shell sub- ulate, with carinated whorls, and a prominent crenu- lated line near the summit of each; aperture elliptical. Habitat.—Streams in North Alabama.— Conrad. Melania perangulata.— Subulate; volutions nine or ten, with an acutely carinated angle on all except the body-whorl, 158 LAND AND FRESH-WATER SHELLS OF N. A. [PART IV. which is subcarinated; on each whorl of the spire is a revolving granulated line above the carina; color olive-brown. Habitat.— Savannah River.— Conrad. Melania percarinata.— Elongate-conoidal; volutions of the spire with a carinated line below the middle, and a revolving granulated Fig. 302, line above; body-whorl with a granulated revolving line near the suture, and three carinated lines, the superior one largest, the lower one fine; color dark olive-brown. Habitat.—Savannah River.— Conrad. Melania nebulosa.—Elongate-conoidal; volutions six or seven with revolving raised lines; whorls of the spire cari- nated below the middle, above which they are longitudi- nally ribbed, and have two or three revolving granulated lines; granules compressed; aperture widely elliptical; color ochraceous, with brownish-black stains. Habitat.—Savannah River.— Conrad. The figure of carinifera is copied from Delessert and represents the original specimen of Lamarck’s description. That of percarinata is from Mr. Conrad’s plate. G. bella (fig. 301) is from the type specimen in possession of Prof. Haldeman. Dr. Brot was the first author on Melanidze to recognize the identity of all these species. The following description also belongs to this species, which exhibits many varieties, but may be known through them all by its encircling row of beadlike elevations. Fig. 304. Melania bella-crenata. — Shell reddish, subulate, whorls eleven, marked with a strong carina and a crenulated line posterior to it. Habitat.—Alabama. Length 3 of an inch. Observations.—Differs from M. bella, Con., by having an oval aperture.— Haldeman. Melania monilifera, Anthony, unpublished, but quoted in Jay’s Catalogue, belongs here, as I have ascertained by a specimen so labelled by Mr. Anthony, in Coll. Gould. I have seen specimens of carinifera from Yadkin River, S. C., and from North Alabama, but in Georgia it is exceedingly numerous in the Savannah and other rivers. GONIOBASIS. 159 23. G. vittata, ANTHONY. Melania vittata, ANTHONY. Ann. Lyc. Nat. Hist. N. Y., vi, p. 89, t. 2, f. 7, March 184. BINNEY, Check List, No. 294. Brot, List, p.37. REEVE, Monog. Melania, 8p. 262. Description.—Shell conic, nearly smooth; spire elevated; whorls about nine, flat, with two fine, distant, brown lines on each, the lower one revolving upon an angle near the suture; lines obso- : ig. 305. lete on the extreme upper whorls and increased to four or mig five on the body-whorl visible also within the aperture; sutures deeply impressed; aperture ovate, within whitish, but exhibiting also the brown lines of the epidermis; columella curved, sinus inconspicuous. Habitat.—Alabama. Diameter, °32 of an inch (8 millim.); length, ‘86 of an inch (22 millim.). Length of aperture, 33 of an inch (8 millim.); breadth of aperture, :16 inch (4 millim.). Observations.—May be compared with WM. Taitiana, Lea, but may be distinguished by its flat subangulated whorls. It also exhibits some- what coarse strie (amounting nearly, if not quite, to ribs in some specimens) upon all the whorls; even the body-whorl is no exception. The sutures also are deeply impressed, the contiguous whorls shelving towards each other to form quite a furrow there. Upper whorls car- inate. It is a very beautiful species, the distinct reddish-brown, hair- like bands contrasting finely with the yellowish-brown color of the general shell.— Anthony. 24. G. abbreviata, ANTHONY. Melania abbreviata, ANTHONY, Bost. Proc., iii, p. 360, Dec., 1850. BINNEY, Check List, No.4. REEVE, Monog. Melania, sp. 424. Melania elegantula, ANTHONY, Ann. Lyc. Nat. Hist. N. Y., vi, p. 103, . 3, f. 2. March, 1854. BINNEY, Check List, No. 96. Broz, List, p. 32. REEVE, Monog. Melania, sp. 346. Melania coronilla, ANTHONY, Ann. Lyc. Nat. Hist. N. Y., vi, p. 126, t. 3, f. 27, March, 1854. Binney, Check List, No.69. Brot, List, p. 32. REEVE, Monog. Melania, sp. 418. Melania chalybea, Anthony, Brot, List, p. 37. Melania curvilabris, ANTHONY, Ann. N. Y. Lyc. Nat. Hist., vi, p. 102, t. 3, f.1, Mar. 1854. Brxnby, Check List, No. 82. Brot, List, p.31. REEVE, Monog. Melania, sp. 378. Melania coronilla.—Shell ovate, moderately thick; of a dark, dull, horn-color, sometimes decorated with two or three linear revolving bands at, and below, the upper part of the aperture; spire short, with arather convex outline to the truncated apex; whorls 5-6, convex, one 160 LAND AND FRESH-WATER SHELLS OF N. A. [PART Iv. of which seems to have been lost by truncation; obtusely shouldered and shelving, with about ten, short, thick, elevated, rather distant, lon- gitudinal ribs on each which, on the body-whorl, are nearly obsolete, tts rarely extending below the shoulder; sutures distinctly im- ig. 306. pressed, but rendered irregular by the interruptions of the longitudinal folds; aperture not large, ovate, reddish or f ; 1 banded within; columella much curved, with an indentation below the middle, and thickened by a calcareous deposit along its whole length, more prominent near the upper angle of the aperture. Habitat.—Tennessee. Diameter, :22 of an inch (54 millim.); length, ‘50 of an inch (13 millim.). Length of aperture, ‘24 of an inch (6 millim.); breadth of aperture, ‘13 of an inch (3 millim.). Observations.—I know no species with which the present one can easily be confounded; its short, rather broad outline, with its thick, prominent, longitudinal ribs on the short whorls of the spire, will readily distinguish it. Six specimens only are before me, three of which are banded, and three are plain; the specimens are otherwise very uniform in appearance.—Anthony. The figure is from Mr. Anthony’s original type. Other spec- imens exhibit slight folds on the body-whorl. An examination of the types of coronilla, elegantula and abbreviata, together with other specimens, convinces me that they are all varieties of one species, which does not always develop the folds on the spire. It is a very remarkable species in the form of the shell, tubercles and aperture, and partic- ularly in the broad band of a lighter color than the general hue of the shell. The following is the description of Melania elegantula.—Shell obtusely conical, smooth; whorls 5-6, irregularly shouldered and angulated; body-whorl dark Fig. 307. olive-green color, with two or three darker bands, which are visible also within the aperture; upper whorls of a very ia 7 : : ui light green color, with one light brown sub-central band, ip if and another so near the upper part of the whorl as to be almost concealed by the suture; sutures rather obscure; aperture rather large, irregularly ovate ; columella much indented near its base, outer lip sinuous. THabitat.—WKentucky. GONIOBASIS» 161 Diameter, ‘25 of an inch (6 millim.); iength, 60 of an inch (15 millim.). Length of aperture, -28 of an inch (7 millim.); breadth of aperture, °16 of an inch (4 millim.). Observations.—A singularly ornamented species, of which only two specimens are before me, and which cannot be compared with any described species. The apex is eroded in the specimens under obser- vation, and only five whorls are visible, but it evidently has one more when perfect. The whorls form a shelving shoulder from the suture, and are then nearly flat, the body-whorl being, perhaps, slightly coneave. Altogether it presents a remarkable and beautiful appear- ance, and no one need be at a loss to recognize it after once having seen aspecimen. Three bands are visible in the interior.—Anthony. Melania curvilabris.—Shell conical, smooth, rather thick, greenish horn-color; spire elevated; whorls 7-8, convex or subangulated ; body-whorl angulated, with a depression broad, but not deep; sutures deeply and irregularly impressed; aperture very irregular, by the twisted columella and the sinuous curving of the outer lip, within whitish; outer lip deeply and singularly curved, so as to give this part of the shell almost a pleurotomose character; columella very much curved and Fig. 308. indented, leaving a small, umbilical indentation, and having a distinct sinus at base. Habitat.—Tennessee. Diameter, °30 of an inch (8 millim.); length, :72 of an inch (19 millim.). Length of aperture, -25 of an inch (6 millim.); breadth of aperture, ‘15 of an inch (4 millim.). Observations.—May be compared with I. elegantula in general form, but its peculiarly curved outer lip will at once distinguish it from all others.— Anthony. Figured from Mr. Anthony’s original type. Melania abbreviata.—Shell small, ovately conical, turreted, some- Fig. 309. what solid, corneous, acuminate; pane five, flattened, the last compressed; aperture rotundately-ovate, con- torted, lip dilated in front, widely sinuated behind. Habitat.— Maury’s Creek, Tennessee. Diameter, 4 of aninch; length, 4 of an inch. Observations.— A peculiar shell, though not easily char- acterized. Its abbreviated form, shouldered whorls and the com- pression of the last whorl, are among its peculiarities.— Anthony. L. F. W.S. IV. ll . 162 LAND AND FRESH-WATER SHELLS OF N. A. [PART IV. 25. G. vesicula, Lra. Melania vesicula, LEA, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., p. 118, 1861. Goniobasis vesicula, LEA, Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci., v, pt. 3, p. 242, t. 35, f. 45, March, 1863. Obs. ix, p. 64. ' Description.—Shell obscurely folded, elliptical, yellow, without spots, rather thin; spire very short and obtuse; sutures rather impressed ; Fiz. 310. whorls three, somewhat convex; aperture large, regularly ovate, pale salmon within; outer lip sharp; columella thick- ened, incurved, rounded at the base. Habditat.—Alabama; E. R. Showalter, M.D. Diameter, -18; length, *37 inch. Observations.— A single specimen of this very small species was found among others of a different species from Dr. Showalter. Itisa small, regularly oval, inflated species. In this specimen there is a dis- position on the upper part of the whorls to plication, and this pro- duces obscure spots round this part of the whorls. Other specimens may not have this character. The aperture is very large, being two- thirds the length of the shell. It is nearly allied to Melania (Gonito- basis) auriculeformis (nobis), but is not so large and has a wider aperture, which is not so elongate. The color is nearly the same, but the tint is rather brighter. It cannot be confounded with Melania (Goniobasis) corneola, Anth., although of the same size and color, that shell being fusiform, with a conical spire and an aperture only half the length of the shell.—Lea. C. Shell plicate. 26. G. obesa, ANTHONY. Melania obesa, Anthony, REEVE, Monog. Melania, sp. 469, May, 1861. Brot, List, p. 33. Description.— Shell globosely ovate, solid, fulvous, Fig. 311. obscurely banded with olive-green; spire short, rather immersed; whorls five, slopingly rounded, longitu- dinally, obsoletely, rudely plicated, last whorl spirally ridged and striated round the lower part; aperture ovate, alittle effused at the base. Anthony, manuscript. Tabitat.—Alabama, United States.—Recve ee. eee semen GONIOBASIS. 163 This species, which I have not seen, does not appear to be closely related to any other plicate species. 27. G. Leai, Tryon. Melania blanda, LEA, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., p. 122, 1861. Goniobasis blanda, LEA, Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci., v, pt. 3, p. 242, t. 35, f. 44, March, 1863. Obs., ix, p. 64, t. 35, f. 44. Description.— Shell plicate, obtusely fusiform, obtusely conical above, rather thin, dark horn-color; spire very obtuse; Fig. 312. sutures impressed; whorls five, flattened above, the last large and subangular; aperture rather large, elliptical, yel- lowish-white within; outer lip acute; columella thickened, inflected, subangular below. Habitat.—Y ellowleaf Creek, Alabama; Dr. E. R. Showalter. Diameter, °37; length, -73 inch. Observations.—A single specimen only was received from Dr. Show- alter. I think it is not entirely mature. The folds are low, somewhat distant and vertical. The aperture is about half the length of the shell. In outline it is near to Lithasia Duttoniana, which I described as a Melania, but it has not the callus above and below on the colu- mella, which constitute that genus, nor has it any tubercles, being cov- ered above by folds.—Zea. The name dlanda is preoccupied by Mr. Lea himself in a species of Goniobasis published by him over twenty years ago. The shell is a very variable one, being generally more dilated than the figure, with impressed, distinct striae below the periphery, which is sometimes tuberculate. The young shell is very sharply angulate. Except in being plicate, this species is very nearly related to G. straminea, Lea. 28. G. equalis, HaLpEeman. Melania equalis, HALDEMAN, Monog. Limniades, No. 4, p. 3 of cover, Oct. 5, 1841. JAY, Cat. 4th ed., p.272. Binney, Check List, No. 7. a Description.—Shell thick, short, conical; with five flat whorls orna- mented with longitudinal ribs; texture thin, surface smooth, aperture narrow, elliptic, as long as the spire. Color brown. Habitat.—Nolachucky River. Length, 4 of an inch. 164 LAND AND FRESH-WATER SHELLS OF N. A. [PART IV. Observations.—Closely resembles the young of Jo spinosa, and differs from the young of Melania nupera as figured by Say (Am. Conch., pl. 3), by the want of the concentric elevated lines on Fig. 313. Fig. 314. , : ; the anterior slope. This figure, as I am informed by Mrs. Say, does not represent the young of the prin- cipal figures (Lithasia nupera), but another species which, if distinct, will retain the name of WW. nupera, as it appears to be a true Melania.—Haldeman. The two figures, representing a young and adult shell, are from Prof. Haldeman’s types. The peculiar form of the aperture distinguishes all the specimens I have seen. Somewhat allied to carinocostata, Lea, but in that species the plicee are terminated by a rib or angle on the body-whorl and the spire is angled or carinate. The largest specimen I have seen attains ¢ inch. 29. G. semigradata, REEVE. Melania semigradata, REEVE, Monog. Melania, sp. 472, May, 1861. Brot, List, p. 33. Description.— Shell pyramidally conical, fulvous-olive, encircled with a green band; whorls 5-6, flatly sloping, sharply Fig. 315. keeled around the lower part, first few whorls longi- tudinally plicated, last whorl double-keeled; aperture ovate, a little effused at the base. Habitat.— Alabama, United States. Observations.— A striking new species, in which the whorls are double-keeled at the periphery, the lower keel being hid in all but the last whorl by the overlapping of one whorl upon another.— Reeve. Very closely related to G. Gerhardtii. 30. G. carinocostata, Lma. Melania carinocostata, LEA, Philos. Proc. iv, p. 165, 1845. Philos. Trans., x, p. 62, t.9,f.40. “Obs., iv, p. 62. BINNEY, Check List, No. 49. Brow, List, p. 35. REEVE, Monog. Melania, sp. 333. Elimia carinocostata, Lea, ADAMS, Genera, i, p. 300. Goniobasis strenua, LEA, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., p. 267, 1862. Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci., Vv, pt. 3, p. 316, t. 37, f. 161, March, 1853. Obs., ix, p. 138. Goniobasis Leidyana, LEA, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., p. 268, 1862. Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci., v, pt. 3, p. 322, t. 38, f. 173, March, 1853.. Obs., rx, p. 14. Melania scabrella, Anthony, REEVE, Monog. Melania, sp. 388. Melania scabriuscula, BROT, List, p. 36. GONIOBASIS. 165 Description.— Shell plicate, carinate, conical, rather thin, yellow or chestnut-colored; spire somewhat elevated; sutures sulcate; whorls flattened; aperture small, elliptical; columella smooth. Habitat.—Alabama. Tennessee. Diameter, °36; length, ‘98 of an inch. Fig.316. Fig. 317. Odservations.— This is g species not easily confounded with any other known tome. The character of the ribs or folds is peculiar; they being arrested near the sutures by an abrupt carina, which has a smaller parallel one between it. The folds and the carine are conspicuous, being perfectly pro- nounced. ‘Two of the six specimens before me are of a dark chestnut- brown, with the nacre of the interior quite rufous. One is more horn-colored, having four bands and the nacre whitish. The three others, all from Dr. Budd, are wax-yellow, the ribs less expressed, and the interior yellowish. The apex of each being broken, the number of whorls cannot be determined. I should think there were about eight. The inferior part of the whorl is smooth. The aperture is rather more than one-third the length of the shell. —Zea. Fig. 316 is copied from Mr. Lea’s figure. The following figure, from a shell in Mr. Anthony’s collection, determined by Mr. Lea, locality Georgia (?), is much broader in outline and constitutes a well marked variety, if not distinct species. The following are synonymes :— Melania scabrella.—Shell somewhat fusiformly conoid, dull-chest- nut, whorls 5-6, slopingly convex, concentrically, closely, plicately ridged, kecled above and below; sutures im- ee te. S18- pressed; aperture oblong, ovate, canaliculately produced at the base. Habitat. —Georgia, U.S. Fig. 520. Observations. — Distinguished by a characteristic sculpture of arched, con- centric ridges, interrupted by a keel, which gives a peculiarly impressed aspect to the sutures.— Anthony. Goniobasis strenua.—Shell folded, subfusiform, brownish- Olive, rather thin, without bands; spire somewhat,raised; Sutures very much impressed; whorls about seven, flattened; aper- 166 LAND AND FRESH-WATER SHELLS OF N. A. [PART IY. ture rather large, ovately rhomboidal, whitish within; outer lip sub- sinuous ; columella bent in and twisted.—Lea. Habitat.— Benton County, northeast Alabama; G. Hallenbeck. Diameter, -44 of an inch; length, 1:01 inches. Observations.—Two specimens only were procured by Mr. Hallen- beck, and these are before me. The smaller one is rather lighter in color and inclines to be more brown. It is allied to Melania (Goni- obasis) athleta, Anth., but is a shorter shell, with two or three less number of whorls. It‘also differs in being of a greenish color, and in having fewer and more distant folds. It also differs in the base of the columella being more direct. In our shell the folds are lost in a carinate .edge above the suture. In the body-whorl there are minute venations. Immediately below the suture there is a line of lighter color. The aperture is four-tenths the length of the shell.— Lea. : Goniobasis Letdyana.—Shell folded, fusiform, rather thin, yellowish Fig. 321. horn-color, without bands; spire obtusely conical; sutures linear; whorls six, flattened; aperture very large, ovately rhomboidal, whitish within; outer lip acute, thin; columella bent in, twisted at the base. Operculum ovate, thin, brown, with the polar point close on the left margin, near to the base. Habitat.—Benton County? northeast Alabama; G. Hallen- beck. Diameter, °39; length, °80 of an inch. Observations.—Two specimens were sent by Mr. Hallenbeck for my examination. Both have imperfect plice on the spire which is very obtuse, and both are evidently adults. The upper whorls are carinate, but the inferior whorl closes on the angle so as to obliterate the carination. On the body-whorl this angulation is nearly obso- lete. It has nearly the outline of Melania (Gonitobasis) abrupta (nobis), but that species is not plicate and is a thicker shell. The aperture is one-half the length of the shell. I dedicate this species to my friend, Joseph Leidy, M.D., who has done so much for Amer- ican zoology and comparative anatomy.—Lea. 31. G. perstriata, Lra. Melania perstriata, LEA, Philos. Trans., x, p. 296, t. 30, f.2. Obs., v, p. 52. Bmn- NEY, Check List, No. 203. Brom, List, p. 36. | _ q GONIOBASIS. 167 Description.—Shell striate, acutely conical, rather thin, cinnamon- brown; spire elevated, somewhat attenuate, at the apex carinate and granulate; sutures impressed; whorls seven, convex; aperture small, elliptical, angular at the base, reddish within; columella mien smooth. ae Habitat.— Coosa River, Alabama: Huntsville, Tennessee. Diameter, °28; length, -83 of an inch. Observations.— Among the numerous Melanie sent to me long since by my late friend, Prof. Troost, were several speci- mens of the young of this species. I could not satisfactorily place them in any known species, and I put them temporarily with striatula (nobis), which is strongly allied to the species which I have described above. Recently, I have received from Prof. Brumby and from Mr. J. Clark several adult specimens, which leave the younger in my possession no longer in doubt; they were recognized at once to belong to those more recently received. All the specimens before me, some dozen, are reddish; the striatula is horn-colored, with a white aperture. The latter is also flatter in the whorls, and not so carinate above, nor are the sutures so deeply impressed. Some of the specimens are quite smooth on the body-whorl. Aperture about one-third the length of the shell.—Zea. 32, G. Lecontiana, Lea. Melania Lecontiana, LEA, Philos. Proc., ii, p. 13, Feb., 1841. Philos. Trans., viii, p. 177, t.5;f.29. DEIKAY, Moll. N. York, p. 96. WHEATLEY, Cat. Shells, U.S., p.26. Brom, List, p. 35. Jay, Cat., 4th edit.,p.274. BINNEY, Check List, No. 160. CATLOw, Conch. Nomenc., p. 187. Melasma Lecontiana, Lea, CHENU, Man. Conchyl., i, f. 2002. ADaAms, Genera, i, p. 300. Description.— Shell folded, conical, thick, horn-color; spire ob- Fig. 323. tusely elevated; sutures small; whorls six, flattened; aper- f ture large, elliptical, bluish. Habitat.— Georgia; Major Le Conte. Diameter, °35; length, ‘80 of an inch. Observations.— The folds of this species extend over the whole shell, except the inferior half of the body-whorl. The aperture is large, and somewhat dilated, being nearly one- half the length of the shell. I owe the possession of several speci- mens to the kindness of Major Le Conte, to whom I dedicate it.— Lea. Mr. Reeve’s figure does not represent this species, it ap- 168 LAND AND FRESH-WATER SHELLS OF N. A. [PART IV. proaches nearer to decorata, Anthony. The outer lip in this species is not so expanded as in carinocostata, and the body- whorl is not angulate as in that species. 33. G. obtusa, Lea. Melania obtusa, LEA, Philos. Proc., ii, p. 13, Feb., 1841. Philos. Trans., viii, p. 176, t. 5, f. 28. Obs., iii, p. 14. DEKay, Moll. New York, p. 96. BINNEY, Check ~ List, No. 183. Troost, Cat. Shells, Tennessee. WHEATLEY, Cat. Shells, U.S., p.26. CATLOW, Conch. Nomenc., p. 188. BROT, List, p. 59. Goniobasis cadus, LEA, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., p. 272, 1862. Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci., V, pt. 3, p. 345, t. 38, f. 211, March, 1863. Obs., ix, p. 167. Melania substricta, HALDEMAN, Monog. Limniades, vii, p. 4 of cover, Jan., 1544. WHEATLEY, Cat. Shells, U. S., p. 27. BINNEY, Check List, No. 256. Brot, List, p. 36. Description.— Shell folded, fusiform, rather thick, horn-color; spire obtuse; sutures impressed; whorls four, the last semi-plicate ; oo aperture large, whitish. Habitat.— Tennessee. Diameter, -27; length, °55 of an inch. Observations.— A fusiform species with cost or folds half way down the last whorl.— Lea. The following are believed to be synonymes :— G. cadus.— Shell cancellate, subfusiform, somewhat thick, inflated, yellowish, without bands; spire very obtuse; sutures irregularly im- pressed; whorls five, slightly convex, cancellate above; aperture very large, ovately rhomboidal, white within; outer lip sharp, slightly sinuous; columella bent in, thickened and twisted. Habitat.— Georgia; Major Le Conte. My cabinet. Diameter, -33; length, -63 of an inch. Observations.— A single specimen has been in my possession for many years. The description was delayed in the hope of Fig. 325. other specimens being found. It was a single one among _ many species, brought by our late lamented vice president from Georgia, which he placed in my hands. This species reminds one of Melania (Goniobasis) Deshayesiana (nobis), but it is entirely different in the outline and number of its. whorls, being a very short shell with a very different size of aperture. The aperture is more than half the length of the shell.—Lea. Melania substricta.— Brown, lengthened conical, upper whorls flat- GONIOBASIS. 169 tened, with numerous folds; body-whorl slightly convex, suture impressed; aperture pyriform, purple, obtusely rounded before, five-eighths of an inch. Habitat.— Tennessee; Mr. Anthony. Observations.— Bears some resemblance to M. decora, Lea. I for- merly proposed the name swbstricta for M. conica, Say, supposing the name to have been previously applied to the I. conica, Gray. A sub- sequent examination of the dates has satisfied me that Say’s name has priority, so that Mr. Gray’s species now requires a new name, unless the citation of the author presents a suflicient distinction.— Haldeman. 34, G. amoena, Lea. Goniobasis amena, LEA, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., p. 268, 1862. Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci., v, pt. 3, p. 323, t. 38, f. 175, March, 1863. Obs., ix, p. 145, t. 38, f. 175. Description.— Shell folded, subfusiform, thick, pale chestnut-color, without bands; spire obtusely conical; sutures irregularly impressed; whorls about six, somewhat convex; striate at the apex; aperture large, ovately rhomboidal, whitish within; outer lip acute, slightly sinuous; columella thickened, incurved and twisted. Operculum ovate, thin, light brown, with the polar point on the left margin near the base. Habitat.— North Alabama; Prof. Tuomey. ‘ Diameter, °-29; length, -70 of an inch. Observations.— A number of these species were sent to me by the late Prof. Tuomey, but the older ones are very imperfect, Fig. 226. being generally decollate. Most of them are young. The largest is nine-tenths of an inch long, but it is too imperfect to figure. The folds are close, regular and are oblique to the right. On the upper whorls there are one or two strix which cut the folds as in Melania (Goniobasis) Deshayesiana (mobis). The aperture is nearly half the length of the shell.—Lea. 35. G. Tuomeyi, Lra. Goniobasis Tuomeyi, LEA, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., p. 266, 1862. Jour, Acad. Nat. Sci., v, pt. 3, p. 311, t. 37, f. 153, March, 1863. Obs., ix, p. 133. Description.—Shell smooth, fusiform, slightly thick, yellowish-olive, banded or without bands; spire obtusely conical, minutely plicate at the apex; sutures impressed; whorls about six, flattened above, the 170 LAND AND FRESH-WATER SHELLS OF N. A. [PART I¥. last one ventricose; aperture large, rhomboidal, whitish within; outer lip acute, somewhat sinuous; columella thickened, bent in and twisted. Habitat.— North Alabama; Prof. M. Tuomey. Diameter, °35; length, -70 of an inch. Observations.— My friend, the late Prof. Tuomey, sent to me during his geological survey of the state of Alabama, many new Mollusca, most of which I described at the time. Some were laid over for more leisure and further examination. Among them were a number of this species which I now dedicate to his memory with " peculiar gratification. He was an ardent student of nature, and warm and generous in his friendships. This species varies very much. None of the specimens have perfect tips, but some are nearly so, and display on the apical whorls very minute and close plice. Some have minute venations on the body-whorl. They are generally without bands, yet some have two bands, but more frequently only one, which is about one-third of the whorl below the suture. It is rather broad and distinct inside and out. In outline and size it is closely allied to Melania (Goniobasis) gracilis (nobis), but it is not so high in the spire, nor is it so yellow. The aperture is about one-half the length of the shell.—Lea. Differs from G. strenua in being more ventricose and in the aperture being narrower below. ‘This species is allied in form to G. Leidyana, but in that species the body-whorl is plicate. 36. G. interveniens, Lra. Goniobasis interveniens, LEA, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., p. 268, 1862. Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci., v, pt. 3, p. 320, t. 38, f. 169, March, 1863. Obs., ix, p. 142. Description.— Shell folded, conical, rather thin, dark horn-color or brown, double-banded or without bands; spire obtusely conical; sutures irregularly and very much impressed; whorls about six, flat- tened, with slightly bent folds; aperture rather large, rhomboidal, white, brown or banded within; outer lip acute, sinuous; columella bent in and somewhat twisted. Habitat.— North Alabama; Prof. Tuomey. Diameter, -32; length, -74 of an inch. Observations. — Some half dozen specimens were among the shells GONIOBASIS. Vin received from Prof. Tuomey obtained during his geological survey. This is rather a small species between Melania (Goniobasis) Fig 328. costulata (nobis), and Melania (Goniobasis) Edgariana (nobis). It has a less number of folds than the former, and about the same number as the latter, but these folds differ in not being so much raised and protruded above as in Edgariana, nor is the spire so high. The interior is usually white, sometimes double-banded, and one of the specimens is dark brown. The aperture is nearly half the length of the shell.—Lea. Resembles G. Curreyana, Lea, but differs in being shorter and wider. 37. G. olivella, Lea. Goniobasis olivella, LEA, Proceed. Acad. Nat. Sci., p. 269, 1862. Jour. Acad. Nat, Sci.,v, pt. 3, p. 327, t. 38, f. 182, March, 1863. Obs., ix, p. 149. Description.— Shell folded, fusiform, rather thick, olivaceous, shin- ing, without bands; spire obtusely conical; sutures irregularly and Fig.329. very much impressed; whorls about five; somewhat convex; aperture large, rhomboidal, whitish; outer lip acute, scarcely sinuous; columella bent in and twisted. Habitat.—Tennessee; Prof. Troost. My cabinet. Diameter, °31; length, -60 of an inch. Observations.—I have two specimens before me varying little but in size. It is a well characterized species, having folds, more or less distinct on all the whorls. These folds are rather close, and incline to the left. In one of the specimens there are two lines which cut the folds immediately under the suture. In outline it is near to orna- tella, herein described, but it cannot be confounded with that species, which is of a different color and banded. The aperture is nearly the half of the length of the shell.—Lea. 38. G. interrupta, Hatpreman. Melania interrupta, WALDEMAN, Supplement to No. 1, Monog. Limniades, Oct., 1840. WHEATLEY, Cat. Shells, U.S., p.25. Jay, Cat., 4th edit., p.274. Brot, List, p. 34. REEVE, Monog. Melania, sp. 398. Goniobasis Christyi, LEA, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., p. 269, 1862. Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci., v. pt. 3, p. 328, t. 38, f. 185, March, 1853. Obs., ix, p. 150. Goniobasis instabilis, LEA, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., p. 269, 1862. Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci., v, pt. 3, p. 329, t. 38, f. 186, March, 1863. Obs., ix, p. 151. 172 LAND AND FRESH-WATER SHELLS OF N. A. [PART IY. Description.—Shell conical, with four flat whorls, which are crossed Fig. 330. Fig.331. Fig. 332. Fig. 333. by elevated ribs and spiral lines; apex truncated; suture indistinct; aperture elliptic, two-thirds the length of the shell. Color olivaceous, sometimes banded with black. Length, 4 of an inch. JTabitat.—Tennessee.— Haldeman. The following are synonymes. Goniobasis Christyi.— Shell folded, striate or granulate, fusiform, rather thick, inflated, yellowish-olive, banded; spire obtusely conical ; sutures impressed; whorls five, slightly convex; aperture very large, ovately rhomboidal, banded within; outer lip sharp, scarcely sinuous; columella thickened, slightly twisted. ' Operculum ovate, thin, brown, with the polar point well removed from the left margin and the base. Habitat.—V alley River, Cherokee City, N. C.; Prof. David Christy. Diameter, °37; length, °67 of an inch. Odservations.—I have about a dozen of this species from Mr. Clark, collected by Prof. Christy in North Carolina. All the specimens are nearly of the same size and outline, and have the same Fig. 334. bands, usually four, but they differ much in the exterior. Some have no striz, but those which have cut the irregular folds and form granules. Usually, there are four bands in- distinct on the outside, but well marked within, the two middle ones being approximate. The upper band is the largest, and the callus above is often purple. Some specimens have five or six bands. It reminds one of Melania (Goniobasis) basalis (nobis), but that shell is not so much inflated, nor has it folds, striae or granules like this. The aperture is more than half the length of the shell. I name this after Prof. David Christy, who collected it, with many interesting shells, while in the northwestern part of North Carolina.—Lea. This and instabilis are adult forms. Goniobasis tnstabilis.— Shell folded or smooth, fusiform, thick, somewhat inflated, banded or not banded, olivacecous; spire conical; sutures impressed; whorls about five, slightly convex; aperture large, ovately rhomboidal, banded within; outer lip acute, scarcely sinuous; columella thickened, somewhat bent in and twisted. QQ —EE—=&«io GONIOBASIS. 173 Operculum ovate, thin, light brown, with the polar point well re- moved from the left margin and the base. Habitat.—Twenty-one miles north of Murphy, and other places in Cherokee County, N. C.; Prof. David Christy. Diameter, °32; length, °64 of an inch. Observations.—I have a number of these from several habitats in Cherokee County, North Carolina. From the different habitats there is a great variety of character, about half seem to be plicate, Fig. 335. the others perfectly smooth; the folds not being on the upper whorls, but commencing on the body-whorls or the penulti- mate, and these folds are on the shoulder, and somewhat 4 | curved and close. Some are lighter green and white inside being without bands. The bands are usually four in number, with the two middle ones approximate. The smooth, green, elongate varieties look very much like Melania (Goniobasis) Saffordii (nobis), but it cannot be confounded with that species. The dark banded varieties might be mistaken for the Melania (Gontobasis) subangulata, Anth. The aperture is about half the length of the shell.—Lea. 39. G. crispa, Lra. Goniobasis crispa, LEA, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., p. 269, 1862. Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci., y, pt. 3, p. 326, t. 38, f. 180, March, 1863. Obs., ix, p. HS. Description.—Shell folded and transversely striate, fusiform, rather thick, yellowish, crispate, without bands; spire obtuse; sutures ir- Fig. 336. regularly impressed; whorls about six; somewhat convex; aperture large, ovately rhomboidal; whitish within; outer lip acute, scarcely sinuous; columella slightly bent in and twisted. Habitat.—Florence, Alabama; Rev. G. White. Diameter, °30; length, -62 of an inch. Observations.—A single specimen only was found among the numer- ous shells kindly sent to me some years since by Mr. White. The folds are rather close, well-defined, and incline to the left, reaching half way down the body-whorl, and are crossed by transverse strix, which cover the whole surface, and cause the upper portion to be clathrate. The aperture is nearly half the length of the shell.—Lea. More convex than nassula, Con., with more regular striz, and is altogether a handsomer species. 174 LAND AND FRESH-WATER SHELLS OF N. A. [PART IV, 40. G. formosa, Conran. Melania formosa, CONRAD, New Fresh-Water Shells, Appendix, p. 5, t. 9, f. 3, 1834. WHEATLEY, Cat. Shells, U.S., p. 25. BINNEY, Check List, No. 112. Melania formosa, Anthony, REEVE, Monog. Melania, sp. 387. Brot, List, p. 35. Goniobasis ornatella, LEA, Proceed. Acad. Nat. Sci., p. 269, 1862. Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci., v, pt. 3, p. 826, t. 38, f. 181, March, 1863. Obs., ix, p. 148. Description.— Shell with distant, robust, rounded ribs, and six convex whorls, with two approximate, prominent lines at the summit Tier of each; base profoundly striated; color olivaceous, with distant, brown bands. Habitat.— Inhabits streams in North Alabama.— Conrad. The figure is from an authentic specimen in the col- lection of Mr. Anthony. Prof. Haldeman also pos- sesses an author’s type. It is a very beautiful species and apparently very constant in its characters. G. nassula, Conrad, is an allied species, but is striate and more rounded in the form of the aperture and in the whorls. The following is a synonyme. Goniobasis ornatella.— Shell folded, fusiform, rather thick, yellow- ish horn-color, banded; spire obtusely conical; sutures irregularly and very much impressed; whorls about six, convex; aperture large, ovately rhomboidal, whitish and obscurely banded; outer lip acute, scarcely sinuous; columella slightly bent in and .twisted. Habitat.— Tennessee; Coleman Sellers. Diameter, -27; length, ‘53 of an inch. Observations.— A single specimen was among a number of Melanide kindly given to me by Mr. Sellers a long time since, one of which I then named after him. This pretty little species is ornamented with regular folds, which are slightly curved, and incline to the right. These folds cease at the middle of the body-whorl, being cut by an indented line below the suture, causing a granulation. In this specimen are five bands which are indistinct. It has nearly the same outline as crispa, herein described, but it is smaller, is not clathrate above, and the folds are not so strong. The aperture is about half the length of the shell.— Zea, GONIOBASIS. 175 41. G. mediocris, Lra. Goniobasis mediocris, LEA, Proceed. Acad. Nat. Sci., p. 269, 1862. Jour. Aead. Nat. Sci., v, pt. 3, p. 326, t. 38, f. 179, March, 1863. Obs., ix, p. 148. Description.— Shell folded, subfusiform, rather thin, ash-color, shin- ing, banded; spire conical; sutures irregularly impressed; whorls six, flattened; aperture somewhat large. rhomboidal, whitish and banded within; outer lip sinuous; columella bent in, thick- Fig 338. ened and twisted. Habitat.— Tennessee; Dr. Edgar, and President Lindsley. Diameter, 23; length, °57 of an inch. Observations.— A single specimen was among a number of shells simply labelled, ‘‘ Tennessee.” This is a well charac- terized little species, which cannot be confounded with any I know. It has two obscure bands, one of which shows on the whorls of the spire, which is covered with rather distant folds, which curve to the right. The spire, embellished with folds and a colored band, reminds one of some of the small Mitre. The aperture is nearly one-half the length of the shell.—Lea. 42. G. Duttonii, Lra. Goniobasis Duttonii, LEA, Proceed. Acad. Nat. Sci., p. 266, 1862. Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci., v, pt.3, p. 314, t. 37, f. 158, March, 1863. Obs., ix, p. 136. Description.— Shell folded, conoidal, pale reddish-yellow, thick, double-banded; spire conoidal; sutures irregularly impressed; whorls Fig. 339. about seven, somewhat convex; aperture ovately rhomboidal, white and double-banded within; outer lip acute, sinuous; columella bent in, thickened and very much twisted. ; Habitat.— Maury County, Tennessee; T. R. Dutton: Gray- WA) son County, Kentucky; S. 8S. Lyon. rs y Diameter, *38; length, 80 of an inch. Observations.— This is a well marked species, allied to Pybasii, herein described, and to Melania (Goniobasis) laqueata, Say. It is a stouter shell than either, and may at once be distinguished from them by its two well defined brown bands, the upper one of which is the larger. The folds are rather indistinct, close, not curved, and in- clining to the right. The specimen from Maury County, Tennessee, 176 LAND AND FRESH-WATER SHELLS OF N. A. [PART IV. is more robust, and has a shorter spire than that from Kentucky. The aperture is about three-eighths the length of the shell. I name this after Mr. T. R. Dutton, who sent it to me long since with other mollusca from Tennessee. This must not be confounded with the shell which I called Melania Duttoniana, Trans. Am. Phil. Soc., vol. 8, pl. 6, which is really a Lithasia.— Lea. Differs from G. Tuomeyi in the form of the aperture. The specimens before me are not all double banded, some of them being without bands and of a light yellow-color. It is a re- markably fine species. 43. G. laqueata, Say. Melania laqueata, SAY, New Harmony Disseminator, p. 275, September, 1829. Say’s Reprint, p. 17. American Conchology, No. 5, t. 47, f. 1. BINNEY’S edition, pp. 143 and 200. BINNEY, Check List, No. 158. DEKAy, Moll. New York, p. 97. WHEATLEY, Cat. Shells, U.S., p. 25. Jay, Cat., 4th ed., p. 274. REEVE, Monog. Melania, sp. 281, 288? Brom, List, p. 35. CATLOW, Conch. Nomenc., p. 187. Melasma laqueata, Say, ADAMS, Genera, i, p, 300. Melania monozonalis, LEA, Philos. Proc., ii, p. 13, February, 1841. Philos. Trans., Viii, p. 178, t. 6, f. 31. Obs.,iii, p. 16. DEKAy, Moll. New York, p. 96. BINNEY, Check List, No. 168. Troost, Cat. Shells, Tennessee. WHEATLEY, Cat. Shells, U. S., p. 26. CATLOW, Conch. Nomenc., p.187. Brot, List, p. 40. Description.— Shell oblong, conic; spire longer than the aperture, Fig. 340. Fig. 341. Fig. 342. elevated, acute at tip; volutions moderately convex, With about seventeen, regularly ele- vated, equal, equidistant cost on the supe- rior half of each volution, extending from suture to suture and but little lower on the spire, and becoming obsolete on the body-whorl; suture moderately impressed; labrum and columella a little extended at base. Observations.— This species was found by Dr. Troost in Cumber- ~ Jand River. The elevated costz, without any revolving lines, dis- tinguish this shell from the other species of our country.— Say. Figure 340 is a copy of Mr. Say’s, which is drawn from a poor specimen. Shells somewhat like it are before me. The species being very variable in outline and marking, two other figures are given. Melania monozonalis.— Shell folded, fusiform, rather thick, banded, GONIOBASIS. ei light colored; spire obtuse; sutures linear; whorls five, rather con- yex; aperture large, elliptical, angular at base, white. Habitat.— Tennessee. Diameter, :21; length, -42 of an inch. Observations.— But a single specimen of this was sent to me by Dr. Troost. It is a very distinct species, and remarkable for Fig. 343. a single broad band on the upper part of the whorl. In other specimens this band may not always be found to present the same character; and the number of bands in others again : may even be increased. The aperture is about one-half the length of the shell.— Lea. G. monozonalis is an unusually wide juvenile laqueata, as I have ascertained from the inspection of numerous specimens. 44, G. Pybasii, Lra. Goniobasis Pybasii, LEA, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., p. 266, 1862. Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci., V, pt. 3, p.313, t. 37, f. 157, March, 1863. Obs., ix, p. 135, t. 37, f. 157. “Description.— Shell folded, very much drawn out, yellowish, thin, banded; spire attenuate, sharp-pointed; sutures impressed; whorls Fig. 344, S°VER, flattened; aperture ovately rhomboidal, whitish and , banded within; outer lip acute, sinuous; columella slightly bent in, somewhat thickened and twisted. Habitat.— Tuscumbia, Alabama; B. Pybas. Diameter, *31; length, °82 of an inch. Observations. —I found four specimens among numerous Melanide sent to me by Mr. Pybas. It is allied to Melania (Goniobasis) Deshayesiana (nobis), but it is more slender, has bands, and has not the granulations of that shell on the upper part of the whorls. It differs from Zyoniti herein described, in having a longer aperture, being thicker, not being striate, and in having bands. It is evident that this species usually has four well marked revolving bands, the two middle ones being approximate. The broadest is at the bottom. In this character it is very like to Melania (Goniobasis) grata, Anth., and it reminds one of Melania Goniobasis laqueata, Say. In one of the specimens an indistinct fifth band is observable. The folds are not very strongly marked and do not extend to the body- whorl. They are not very close, are slightly curved and incline to the left. The aperture is more than one-third the length of the shell. ier. W.S.1V. 12 4 178 LAND AND FRESH-WATER SHELLS OF N. A. [PART IV. I dedicate this species with great pleasure to Mr. B. Pybas, of Tus- cumbia, who has sent me many new mollusca from his vicinity.— Lea. 45. G. versipellis, ANTHONY. Melania versipellis, ANTHONY, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., p. 60, reeraare 1860. BIn- NEY, Check List, No. 286. Brov, List, p.59. REEVE, Monog. Melania, sp. 436, Description.— Shell small, ovate, folded, rather thin; spire not ele- vated, but acute composed of about seven flat whorls; whorls of the spire all more or less folded, penult and body-whorl smooth; body-whorl bulbous, subangulated, concentrically striate; color olivaceous, ornamented with dark brown bands, of fg =which four are on the body-whorl, and one only on the spiral a ones, located upon or near the shoulder of each volution; aperture elliptical, about half the length of the shell, banded within. Habitat.— Tennessee. Observations.— A small and somewhat variable species as to color- ation, though very constant in other characters; it is sometimes very dark both as to bands and general color, and often very light, with bands scarcely distinguishable, and many varieties between. It seems not to be a very common species.— Anthony. Fig. 345 is from Mr. Anthony’s type specimen. This shell is more frequently not striate. It resembles in form a young, bulbous G. laqgueata, but is a rather heavy shell, although small. 46. G. gracilis, Lra. Melania gracilis, LEA, Philos. Proc., ii, p. 12, Feb., 1841. Philos. Trans., viii, p. 168, t.5,f.11. Obs., iii, p.6. DEKAyY, Moll. N. York, p. 94. Troost, Cat. Shells, Tenn. WHEATLEY, Cat. Shells, U. S., p. 25. Binney, Check List, No. 128. CAaTLOW, Conch. Nomenc., p. 187. Brom, List, p. 38. Potadoma gracilis, Lea, CHENU, Manuel de Conchyl., i, f. 1968. H. and A. ADAMS, Genera, i, p. 299. wear 3 Fig. 346. | Description.— Shell smooth, club-shaped, rather thin, horn- : colored; spire acute; sutures impressed; whorls eight, con- vex; aperture small» ovate, whitish. Habitat.— Tennessee; Dr. Troost. Diameter, °82; length, :75 of an inch. Observations.— This resembles the clavata in form, but is rather more robust. It differs also in color. The aperture is rather more than one-third the length of the shell.— Lea GONIOBASIS. 179 The figure, which is a copy of Mr. Lea’s, does not repre- sent the plicate upper whorls of the spire; and Mr. Lea, it will be perceived, supposed it to be a smooth species and described it as such. In a number of specimens before me the upper whorls are slightly ribbed. 47. G. paucicosta, ANTHONY. Melania paucicosta, ANTHONY, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., p. 57, February, 1860. Brn- NEY, Check List, No. 198. Brov, List, p. 36. RrEEVE, Moncg, Melania, sp. 255. Description.— Shell conical, nearly smooth, of a dark greenish horn-color; spire obtusely elevated; whorls nearly flat, with a few distinct, longitudinal ribs on the upper ones; body-whorl inet ig. . entirely smooth; sutures well marked; aperture ovate, within livid or purple; columella rounded; sinus small. Habitat.— Tennessee. Observations.— Belongs to a group of which nitens may be considered the type. From that species it differs, however, \ by its more robust form and stronger ribs. There is alsoa marked peculiarity in this species not often observed in the genus; the spire being acute at the apex, increases regularly for the first four or five turns, and then suddenly expanding, becomes as it were distorted in appearance. The ribs are distant from each other and very strongly expressed, differing in this respect from WW. athleta, which it otherwise resembles. It is a beautiful, and appears to be an abundant, species.— Anthony. 48. G. tenebrosa, Lra. Melania tenebrosa, LEA, Philos. Proc., ii, p. 13, February, 1841. Philos. Trans., Vili, p. 176, t. 5, f. 26. Obs., iii, p. 14. DEKAY, Moll. N. Y., p. 95. Troost, Cat. Shells, Teno. WHEATLEY, Cat. Shells, U. S., p.27. BINNEY, Check List, No. 267. CATLOW, Conch. Nomenc., p. 189. REEVE, Monog. Melania, sp. 443. Brot, List, p. 39. Fig. 348. Fig. 349. Description.— Shell smooth, conical, rather thick, nearly ovate; spire rather elevated; sutures impressed ; rN whorls flattened; aperture rather large, elliptical, at p\ v Observations.— Two specimens of this species were sent to me by the base angular, within bluish. Habitat.— Tennessee. Diameter, :30; length, *72.of an inch. Dr. Troost, both of which are decollated. On one there is a slight 180 LAND AND FRESH-WATER SHELLS OF N. A. [PART IY. disposition to striz on the upper remaining whorl. In general out- line it resembles a small Virginica, Say.— Lea. The first specimens received by Mr. Lea being decollate, he was not aware that it is a plicate species. I have copied Mr. Lea’s figure, but give also a figure of a more perfect specimen. 49. G. coracina, ANTHONY. Melania coracina, ANTHONY, Bost. Proc., iii, p. 361, Dec., 1850. BrnnEy, Check List, No. 67. BRov, List, p. 58. Melania Sellersiana, LEA, Philos. Trans., x, p. 299, t. 30, f.8. Obs.,v, p.55. BIn- NEY, Check List, No. 239. Description.— Shell small, thin, conically turreted, piceous, shining, ere whorls 6-7, flattened above, generally, plicately ribbed, the g. 350. . last ventricose and subangulate; aperture rotundately-ovate, rounded in front, columella narrow, blackish. Observations.— The peculiar, dark, purplish-black color of this prettily sculptured species is a very decisive character. It is allied to M. decora and M. costulata.— Anthony. The figure is from the original type. Mr. Anthony writes to me that the shells described by Mr. Lea as Sellersiana had first been submitted to himself, when he selected specimens and described them as M. coracina. An inspection of the copy of Mr. Lea’s figure, which is here given, will show the identity of the two species. Mr. Anthony has considerable priority in the publication: The following is the description of Melania Sellersiana.—Shell folded, small, conical, rather thick, very dark brown; spire rather short; sutures linear; whorls slightly convex; aperture large, elliptical, rounded at the base, within purple; columella very much incurved. Habitat.— Caney Fork, Tennessee. Diameter, :16; length, °38 of an inch. Observations.— This is an interesting little species, somewhat like M. Nickliniana (nobis), in its general appearance and Bee ie sete but is less inflated, and of a darker color. It might be sup- posed that its being a plicate shell would at once distinguish it; but the Sellersiana seems to be very variable in the char- acter of its folds, some of the specimens really having none remaining. These may haye had folds near the apex, which is now GONIOBASIS. 181 eroded. Some of those before me are beautifully folded down to the last half of the body-whorl, the folds being rather large and straight. The surface varies very much; some of the specimens being beauti- fully malleate, while on others no such marks can be observed. The outer lip is broken. The apex being eroded in all the specimens, I am not sure of the number of the whorls; there may be about six. The aperture is about one-half the length of the shell. I dedicate this species to Mr. Coleman Sellers of Cincinnati.—Lea. 50. G. intersita, HaLpEman. Melania intersita, HALDEMAN, Monog. Limniades, No. 4, p. 4 of cover, Dec., 28, 1841. BrnNeEY, Check List, No. 150. Brov, List, p.35. REEVE, Monog. Mela- nia, sp. 376. Description.— Shell conic, plicated, with four convex whorls; aper- ture elliptical; color olivaceous. Habitat.— Swan Creek, Indiana; Mrs. Say. Length, 4 of an inch. Observations.— Allied to M. comma.— Haldeman. Mr. Reeve’s figure does not well represent this species and his description does not accord with that given by Haldeman. He seems to have obtained a poor specimen, which does not exhibit the longitudinal folds. The above figure illustrates Prof. Haldeman’s type. The species is interesting as being one of the few spe- cies of the present group inhabiting north of the Ohio River. 51. G. columella, Lea. Melania columella, LEA, Philos. Proc., ii, p.13, Feb., 1841. Philos. Trans., viii, p.179, t. 6, f. 33. Obs., iii, p. 17. DEKay, Moll. N. Y., p. 96. BINNEY, Check List, No. 60. Troost, Cat. Shells, Tenn. WHEATLEY, Cat. Shells, U.S., p. 24. CATLOW, Conch. Nomenc., p. 186. Brot, List, p.35. REEVE, Monog. Mela- nia, sp. 44L. Description.— Shell obscurely plicate, conical, rather thin, horn- Fig. 353. color; spire rather elevated, striate towards the apex; sutures impressed; whorls six, somewhat convex; aperture small, elliptical, angular at base, whitish. Habitat.— Tennessee. Diameter, 26; length, °63 of an inch. Observations.—This species is remarkable for the impressed curve on the columella. In its general character it resembles the 182 LAND AND FRESH-WATER SHELLS OF N. A. [PART IV. M. blanda herein described. The aperture is about one-third the length of the shell.—Lea. 52. G. blanda, Lea. Melania blanda, LEA, Philos. Proc., ii, p. 13, Feb., 1841. Philos. Trans., viii, p. 79, t. 6, f.34. Obs., iii, p. 17. DEKAyY, Moll. N. Y., p. 97. BINNEY, Check List, No. 36. Troost, Cat. Shells, Tennessee. WHEATLEY, Cat. Shells, U.S., p. 24. CATLOW, Conch. Nomenc., p. 185. Brov, List, p. 35. Melasma blanda, Lea, ADAMS, Genera, i, p. 300. Description.— Shell folded, conical, rather thin, shining, horn-color; . eer spire rather elevated; towards the apex, striate; sutures im- ig. 354. pressed; whorls seven, rather flattened; aperture small, ellip- tical, angulated at the base, whitish. Habitat.— Tennessee. Diameter, ‘26; length, °69 of an inch. Observations.— A single specimen of this species was re- ceived from Dr. Troost. The folds are obscure and the strize small. The aperture is not quite one-third the length of the shell.—Zea. 53, G. nitens, LEa. Melania nitida, LEA, Philos. Proc., ii, p. 14, February, 1841. Melania nitens, LEA, Philos. Trans., viii, p. 182, t. 6, f.40. Obs., iii, p.20. DEKaAy, Moll. N. Y., p. 98. BINNEY, Check List, No. 178. Troost, Cat. Shells, Ten- nessee. WHEATLEY, Cat. Shells, U.S., p. 26. CATLOW, Conch. Nomenc. p. 187; Brot, List, p. 36. Description.— Shell folded, somewhat thick, dark brown; Fi8- 358. spire obtuse; sutures impressed; whorls seven, somewhat convex; aperture small, elliptical, angular at the base, red- dish within. Habitat.— Tennessee. Diameter, °30; length, *76 of an inch. Observations.— This is a shining, dark brown species, with rather regular ribs on the superior whorls. The aperture is about one-third the length of the shell. A single specimen only was re- ceived.— Lea. This species very much resembles the last. Closely allied to Deshayesiana, but without the subsutural strize which char- acterize that species. GONIOBASIS. 183 54. G. mutata, Brot. Melania Deshayesiana, REEVE. Monog. Melania, sp. 278, September, 1860. Melania mutata, BROT, List, p. 37. Description.— Shell acuminately ovate, raised at the apex, dull olive; whorls slopingly tumid, the first few longitudinally plicated plaits soon disappearing, transversely ridged; ridges obso- Fig. 356. lete towards the aperture; aperture ovate, rather con- tracted, at the upper part; columella thinly effused at the base. ITabitat.—Tennessee, United States. Observations.— The whorls of this species are swollen in a sloping manner towards the upper part, and the spire is acuminately raised at the apex. The first few whorls are decussately sculptured, but the sculpture soon becomes obsolete.— Reeve. Changed by Dr. Brot to mutata because Deshayesiana is preoccupied by Mr. Lea. This species is closely allied to difficilis, Lea. 55. G. suturalis, HaLpemMAn. Melania suturalis, HALDEMAN, Supplement to Monog. Limniades, No. 1, Oct., 1840. WHEATLEY, Cat. Shells, U. S., p.27. JAy, Cat., 4th ed., p.275. Goniobasis mutabilis, LEA, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., p. 270, 1862. Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci., v, pt. 3, p. 331, t. 38, f. 189, March, 1863. Obs., ix, p. 153. Description.— Shell lengthened, conical, composed of six quite flat BN aor whorls, which are separated by a well marked angular suture, ig. 357. , bordered on each edge by an elevated, revolving line, which is double upon the body-whorl; aperture narrow, elliptic, one-half the entire length, bluish-white and banded; color dark olivaceous or black. Habitat.— Ohio. Length, { of an inch.— Haldeman. An examination of the original and only specimen of swtu- ralis convinces me that it is the same as G. mutabilis; and that it is not found in Ohio will, I think, be admitted. Prof. Haldeman has probably mistaken its habitat. The following is the description and figure of Goniobasis mutabilis.— Shell carinate, plicate or striate, subfusi- 184 LAND AND FRESH-WATER SHELLS OF N. A. [PART IV. form, somewhat thick, yellowish-green, four-banded, or without bands; spire obtusely conical; whorls six, slightly flattened; aper- ture rather large, rhomboidal, whitish within; outer lip acute, oe scarcely sinuous; columella bent in, thickened, somewhat twisted. Operculum ovate, thin, dark brown, with the polar point well removed from the left margin. Ilabitat.— Butts County, Georgia; Rev. G. White. Diameter, °31; length, -65 of an inch. Observations.— This is a most variable species, most are carinate, but many are striate, and some are plicate, and on a few neither of these characters can be observed, the surface being entirely smooth. All are disposed to carination on the apical whorls. Many are with- out bands, but most are four-banded, having the two medial bands approximate. All were more or less covered with the black oxide of iron. In outline it is nearly allied to Melania (Goniobasis) Lecontiana (nobis), but it is not so fusiform, nor so large, nor is it always pli- cate, as that species is. Some of the specimens are entirely white inside, and thickened, but usually they are four-banded. In several instances there is an indistinct fifth band. The aperture is more than one-third the length of the shell.— Lea. 56. G. Viennaénsis, Lea. Goniobasis Viennaénsis, LEA, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., p. 267, 1862. Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci. v, pt. 3, p. 315, t. 37, f. 160, March, 1863. Obs., ix, p. 187. Description.— Shell folded, subfusiform, olivaceous, rather thin, | without bands; spire regularly conical; sutures irregularly im- pressed; whorls seven, flattened; aperture rather large, rhomboidal, bluish- white within; outer lip acute, sinuous; columella bent in, thickened and somewhat twisted below. Fig, a Habitat.— Near Vienna, Dooly County, Georgia, in a small stream, tributary to Flint River; Rev. G. White. Diameter, -36; length, -90 of an inch. | Observations.— A number of this species came with Dooly- Uy 4 ensis, herein described, but it is quite a different species. It is regularly conical, while the other is subcylindrical, and the ribs are more numerous and closer, and are not quite so much curved. The aperture is also larger. It is allied to Melania (Goniobasis) Deshayesiana (nobis), but while it is nearly of the same outline it GONIOBASIS. 185 differs in being wider, also in color, and it has no decussating revolving strize. The aperture is more than one-third the length of the shell.— Lea. 57. G. Curreyana, Lra. Goniobasis Curreyana, LEA, Philos. Proc., ii, p. 13, Feb,. 1841. Philos. Trans., viii, p.- 180, t.6, f. 36. Obs., ili, p. 18. WHEATLEY, Cat. Shells, U. S.,p.25. BINNEY, Check List, No.79. DEKAy, Moll. N. Y., p.97. REEVE, Monog. Melania, sp. 286. Troost, Cat. Shells, Tennessee. CATLOW, Conch. Nomence., p. 186. Brot, List, p. 35. Melasma Curreyana, Lea, CHENU, Man. de Conchyl., i, f. 2003. ApAms, Genera i, p. 300. Description.— Shell folded, conical, rather thick, horn-color; spire somewhat elevated; sutures irregularly impressed; whorls seven, racher convex; aperture small, angular below, purplish within. Habitat.— Barren River, Kentucky. Diameter, -27; length, ‘73 of an inch. Observations. —Two specimens of this species are before me, which I owe to the kindness of Dr. Currey of Nashville, after whom I name it. It is remarkable for its large and strong folds. It is without strize, and the body-whorl is smooth, except near to the suture. The aperture is about one-third the length of the shell. One of the specimens has quite a dark purple aperture, and the lip is thickened and reflexed. In these two specimens the ribs seem disposed to alternate in size.— Lea. 58. G. costifera, HaLpEemaNn. Melania costifera, HALDEMAN, Monog. Melania, No. 2, p. 3 of cover, Jan., 1841. BINNEY, Check List, No. 72. Brot, List, p. 34. REEVE, Monog. Melania, sp. 440. Description.— Shell lengthened, composed of eight, slightly convex turns, having numerous, spiral, elevated lines, crossing a series of curved ribs, on all the whorls; spire twice the Fig. 361. length of the aperture; suture well marked; aperture ovate. Habitat.— Hennepin, Illinois. Length, 1 inch. Observations.— The aperture is wider in the allied species, and the cost are better developed.—Haldeman. The plicee are more numerous (though not so prominent in this species) than in Curreyana, the aperture more rounded below and the spire more acuminate. 186 LAND AND FRESH-WATER SHELLS OF N. A. [PART IV. 59. G. Deshayesiana, Lra. Melania plicatula, LEA, Proc. Philos. Soc., ii, p. 14, Feb., 1841. Philos. Trans., viii, p. 182, t. 6, f.41. Obs., iii, p.20. Troost, Cat. Shells, Tenn. Jay, Cat., 4th Edit., p.274. CarLow, Conch. Nomenc., p. 188. Brot, List, p. 34. Melasma plicatula, Lea, CHENU, Man. de Conchyl., i, f. 1998. ADAMS, Genera, i, p. 500. Melania Deshayesiana, LEA, Philos. Proc., ii, p. 242, Dec., 1842. Philos. Trans., ix, p. 24. DEKAY, Moll. N. Y., p. 98. WHEATLEY, Cat. Shells, U. S., p. 25, TROOST, Cat. Shells, Tennessee. JAy, Cat. Shells, 4th Edit.,p.273. BINNEY, Check List, No. 88. Bror, List, p. 34. Melania Deshayesii, Lea, REEVE, Monog. Melania, sp. 330. Melasma Deshayesiana, Lea, ADAMS, Genera, i, p. 300, Description.— Shell folded, conical, thin, dark horn-color; spire : 3 / rather elevated; sutures impressed; whorls Fig. 362. Fig. 363. Fig. 364. : eight, rather convex, striate above; aperture rather small, elliptical, at the base somewhat angular, within whitish. Habitat.— Tennessee. Diameter, °85; length, -85 of an inch. Observations.— Dr. Troost and Mr. Edgar both procured this species from Tennessee, but their labels do not state the district. The ribs are numerous and close, and most indi- viduals have two striz above, which, crossing the ribs, produce a granulation. The mouth is about one-third the length of the shell.— Lea. This species was described as plicatula, but that name hav- ing been preoccupied by Deshayes, Mr. Lea changed it to Deshayesiana. It is very closely allied to crebricostata and tenebrosa. 60. G. Abbevillensis, Lra. Goniobasis Abbevillensis, LEA, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., p. 2¢8, 1862. Journ. Acad. Nat. Sci., v, pt. 3, p. 323, t. 38, f. 174, Mar., 1863. Obs., ix, p. 145. Description.— Shell folded, conical, rather thick, chestnut- Fig. 365. color, shining, without bands; spire conical, sutures linear; 9 whorls seven, somewhat convex, nearly flat, carinate and stri- ate at the apex; aperture slightly large, ovately rhomboidal somewhat ochraceous within; outer lip acute, scarcely sin- uous; columella thickened and twisted. Habitat.— Abbeville District, South Carolina; J. P. Barratt, M.D. Diameter, °30; length, °63 of an inch. Observations.— This is a pretty species with very regular spire and GONIOBASIS. 187 folds. It is allied to Melania (Goniobasis) Deshayesiana (nobis), but _isasmaller species. Its chestnut-brown color reminds one of Melania (Goniobasis) castanea (nobis), but it is not so elongate and is thicker, The aperture is more than one-third the length of the shell.— Lea. 61. G. Doolyensis, Lra. Goniobasis Doolyensis, LEA, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., p. 266, 1862. Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci., v, pt. 3, p. 315, t. 37, f. 159, Mar., 1863. Obs., ix, p. 137. Goniobasis induta, LEA, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., p. 267, 1852. Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci., y, pt. 3, p. 319, t. 37, f. 166, March, 1863. Obs., ix, p. 141. Description.— Shell folded, subcylindrical, dark horn-color or some- what ash-gray, thin, without bands; spire drawn out; sutures irreg- ularly impressed; whorls about nine, slightly convex; aperture small, ovately rhomboidal, whitish within; outer lip acute, sinuous ; Fig. 366. columella very much bent in, impressed in the middle and very much twisted. Habitat.— Tennessee, Prof. Troost; near Vienna, Dooly County, Georgia, in a small stream tributary to Flint River; Rey. George White. Diameter, °32; length, -91 of an inch. Observations.— 1 have a number of specimens from Mr. White, and one a long time since from Prof. Troost. It belongs to the group of which Melania (Goniobasis) costulata (nobis) may be considered the type, but it is more cylindrical and has more distant folds. It is also allied to Melania (Goniobasis) decora (nobis), but is more cylindrical, has more distant folds and has no cancellate strie. The folds are curved and incline slightly to the left. The aperture is not quite one-third the length of the shell. Some speci- mens are disposed to be slightly brownish inside.—Lea. Goniobasis induta.—Shell very much folded, conical, rather thin, Fig. 367. polished, dark, four-banded; spire conoidal, sharp-pointed; sutures very much impressed; whorls eight, flattened, clothed with erect folds; aperture small, rhomboidal, whitish and four-banded within; outer lip acute, sinuous; columella bent in and twisted. Operculum ovate, thin, light brown, with the polar point well inside of the margin. Habitat. —Near Vienna, Dooly County, Georgia; Rev. G. White. Diameter, °31; length, -76 of an inch. Observations.—This is a very ornate little species, being covered 188 LAND AND FRESH-WATER SHELLS OF N. A. [PART IV. with close, perpendicular ribs and four, dark brown, revolving bands, which give the shell a dark appearance, although the ground is yellow. The two middle bands are approximate, and the lowest band is the strongest. Immediately below the suture there is usually a light line. It belongs to the group of which Melania (Goniobasis) Deshayesiana (nobis) may be considered the type, but is nearest allied to inclinans, herein described. It is nearly of the same size and outline, but the regular perpendicular folds and the distinct bands distinguish it at once. The apical whorls are disposed to be carinate. The aperture is one-third the length of the shell. The specimens were all incrusted with black oxide of iron, which, being removed, the epidermis was found to be smooth and polished. One or two re- volving striz immediately under the suture decussate the folds.—Lea. 62. G. inconstans, Lra. Goniobasis inconstans, LEA, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., p. 269, 1862. Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci., v, pt. 3, p. 325, t. 38, f. 178, Mar., 1863. Obs., ix, p. 147. Description.— Shell folded, subfusiform, rather thin, horn-color, olivaceous or dark brown, banded or without bands; spire obtusely conical; sutures impressed; whorls six, somewhat convex, folded above; aperture somewhat large, subrhomboidal, whit- ish within, pale purple or banded; outer lip acute, slightly sinuous; columella bent in and twisted. Habitat.— Etowah River; J. Postell. Diameter, °26; length, :60 of an inch. Observations.—This is a small and very variable species, varying from light horn-color to dark brown, a few having two broad bands. The folds rarely reach to the body-whorl, but they cover the upper whorls, and are somewhat distant and nearly straight. Some of the specimens closely resemble proletaria, herein described, in form, but this has a more pointed apex, and is more fusiform. The aperture is not quite one-half the length of the shell.— Lea. 63. G. continens, Lra. Goniobasis continens, LEA, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., p. 268, 1862. Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci., pt. 3, p. 324, t. 38, f. 176, March, 1853. Obs., ix, p. 146. Goniobasis proletaria, LBA, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., p. 268, 1852. Jour. Acad. Sci., vy, pt. 3, p. 325, t. 38, f. 177, March, 1853. Obs., ix, p. 147. Description.—Shell folded, conical, rather thin, yellowish horn- GONIOBASIS. 189 color, without bands; spire irregularly conical; sutures impressed; whorls about seven, somewhat convex, with folds slightly bent; aper- ture rather small, ovately rhomboidal, bluish-white within; outer lip acute, scarcely sinuous; columella somewhat bent in and twisted. Operculum ovate, thin, light brown, with the polar point F well removed from the margin and towards the base. Habitat.— North Alabama; Prof. Tuomey. My cabinet and cabinet of Dr. Hartman. Diameter, :29; length, :79 of an inch. Observations.—I have eight specimens before me of this modest little species. They were taken by Prof. Tuomey during his geological survey of Alabama many years since. The folds are not on the body-whorl; they incline to the left. It is allied to Melania (Goniobasis). acuta (nobis), but is not so small nor so pointed, and it is more of a horn-color. The aperture is about one- third the length of the shell.—Zea. Goniobasis proletaria.— Shell folded, obtusely eonical, rather thin, horn-color, without bands; spire obtusely conical; sutures impressed; whorls about six, slightly convex, folded above; aperture somewhat Fig. 370, arses subrhomboidal, whitish within; outer lip acute, sinu- ous; columella bent in, thickened and twisted. Habitat.—Florence, Alabama River; Rev. G. White. Diameter, °31; length, 65 of an inch. Observations.— A single specimen only was received, and that far from being perfect. The epidermis of it is very thin and most of it removed. It is nearly of the size and somewhat like paupercula, herein described, but is more conical and has larger and more distant folds, which are very slightly inclined to the left. The aperture is more than one-third the length of the shell.— Lea. Appears to be the young of continens. 64. G. viridicata, Lra. Goniobasis viridicata, LEA, Proc, Acad. Nat. Sci., p. 268, 1862. Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci., v, pt. 3, p. 322, t. 38, f. 172, March, 1868. Obs., ix, p. 144. Description.— Shell folded, somewhat drawn out, thin, greenish, Without bands; spire conical, exserted; sutures impressed; whorls about seyen, flattened, with rather close folds; aperture very small, 190 LAND AND FRESH-WATER SHELLS OF N. A. [PART Iv. rhomboidal, bluish-white within; outer lip acute, somewhat sinuous; columella bent in, yellowish above, whitish below and twisted. Habitat.— Grayson County, Kentucky; S. S. Lyon. Diameter, °24; length, -64 of an inch. Observations.— Three specimens were sent to me by Mr. Lyon, taken on his geological survey of Kentucky. It is a graceful, ‘greenish little species with the folds inclining to the left, and with a paler line below the suture. The body-whorl has no folds, but is in two of the specimens covered with minute Fig. 371 irreguiar veins. The middle whorls are plicate, while the apical whorls are carinate and striate. It is about the size of cerea, herein described, but differs in outline and other characters: In outline it is near Doolyensis, herein described, but is a much smaller species, and differs in the folds and the aperture. The aper- ture is about one-third the length of the shell.— Lea. 65. G. purpurella, Lea. Goniobasis purpurella, LEA, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., p. 269, 1862. Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci., vi, pt. 3, p. 327, t. 38, f. 183, March, 1863. Obs., ix, p. 149. Description.— Shell folded, conical, thin, purplish, shining, banded or without bands; spire conical; sutures impressed; whorls about seven, flattened; aperture somewhat large, rhomboidal, dark within; outer lip acute, scarcely sinuous; columella bent in and twisted. Habitat.— Caney Fork River, Tennessee; J. Lewis, M.D. Diameter, -22; length, 48 of an inch. Observations.— Several specimens were sent to me by Dr. Fig.372. Lewis for examination, nearly all more or less imperfect. They are usually without bands, but when banded the number is four, the two middle being approximate. An impressed line under the suture cuts the folds, forming a row of granules. The folds are close, inclining a little to the right. Below the suture some speci- mens have a light line. This species is nearly allied to Melania (Goniobasis) Sellersiana (nobis), but differs in being more pointed, in having bands and especially in having granules along the sutures. The aperture is more than one-third the length of the shell.—Lea. GONIOBASIS. 191 66. G. semicostata, Conrap. Melania semicostata, CONRAD, New Fresh-Water Shells, App. p. 7, t. 9, f.6, 1834. BINNEY, Check List, No. 241. Brot, List, p. 59. Description.— Shell elevated; longitudinally ribbed; whorls Fig. 373. convex, with fine, spiral stria; body-whorl without ribs, ob- scurely striated above, subangulated in the middle; aperture large, obliquely elliptical; within bluish, with brown bands. Habitat.—Inhabits streams in North Alabama.— Conrad. The figure is from the author’s type specimen in the collec- tion of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia. 67. G. dislocata, RavENEL. Melania dislocata, RAVENEL, Cat. Shells, p. 11, 1834. BrnnEy, Check List, No. 90. Brot, List, p. 35. REEVE, Monog. Melania, sp. 380. Goniobasis Lindsleyi, LEA, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., p. 267, 1862. Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci., v, pt. 3, p. 319, t. 37, f. 167, March, 1863. Obs., ix, p. 141. Description.— Shell ovately turreted, yellowish; whorls convex, Fig. 374 longitudinally, plicately ribbed; ribs obsolete towards the 1 Odd base; aperture ovate, rather small, a little effused at the base. Habitat.— Dan River, North Carolina.— Reeve. Mr. Reeve’s publication of this species was made the year previous to that of Lindsleyi by Mr. Lea. I give a figure from Ravenel’s type, which is in pos- session of Mr. Anthony. Goniobasis Lindsleyi.— Shell folded, cylindrico-conical, rather thin, yellowish horn-color, without bands; spire conoidal; sutures irreg- ularly and very much impressed; whorls flattened; clothed with erect folds; aperture rather small, rhomboidal, bluish white within ; ~ outer lip acute, sinuous; columella bent in and twisted. Habitat.— Tennessee; President Lindsley and Dr. Edgar. Diameter, *31; length, -80 of an inch. O'servations.— A few, imperfect specimens only are before me, and the number of whorls cannot be ascertained, probably eight. It is allied to Melania (Goniobasis) costulata (nobis), but it is more cylindrical, and has the folds further apart. The aper- ture is probably one-third the length of the shell. It has two or three decussating strize immediately under the suture which make 192 LAND AND FRESH-WATER SHELLS OF N. A. [PART Iv. small nodes. I dedicate this species to my friend, President Lindsley of Nashville, who sent it to me with many other shells from the streams of Tennessee.— Lea. 68. G. paupercula, Lra. Goniobasis paupercula, LEA, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., p. 268, 1862. Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci., v, pt. 3, p. 324, t. 38, f. 176, March, 1863. Obs., ix, p. 146. Description.— Shell folded, subcylindrical, rather thin, chestnut- color or dark olive, without bands; spire rather short, sutures im- pressed; whorls somewhat convex, folded above and striate at the Fig. 376. Fig. 377. apex; aperture small, ovately rhomboidal, whitish within; outer lip acute, slightly sinuous; columella bent in and slightly twisted. Operculum ovate, thin, light brown, with the polar point well in from the margin and above the base. Habitat.— North Alabama; Prof. Tuomey. Diameter, :27; length, °63 of an inch. Observations.—I1 have quite a number of this small species sent many years since by Prof. Tuomey, not a single one with an entirely perfect apex, being usually decollate at the second whorl from the base. Most of them, therefore, do not exhibit the folds, which are only on the upper whorls; there they are pretty close and perpen- dicular. They were all covered with black oxide of iron, which on being removed exhibits a smooth, brown or greenish epidermis. The aperture is probably not one-third the length of the shell.— Lea. 69, G. corneola, ANTHONY. Melania corneola, ANTHONY, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., p. 61, Feb., 1860. BINNEY. Check List, No. 68. Bror, List, p. 35. REEVE, Monog. Melania, sp, 456, Description.— Shell small, conical, rather thin; spire short Fig. 378. and not very acute, composed of five or six subconvex whorls; whorls all more or less folded and with revolving Y raised strize, which give them a subnodulous appearance; the body-whorl has four or five faint bands, which appear also. within the aperture; aperture small, ovate; sinus small. Habitat.— Alabama. My cabinet. Observations.— This is asmall and not very remarkable species nor can it well be compared with any other. One is at first view forcibly GONIOBASIS. 193 reminded of Columbella avara, Say, which it resembles, both in size and general appearance. The bands alluded to are often interrupted and never very fully expressed; body-whorl subangulated below the middle; does not seem to be a very abundant species. Only six indi- viduals are before me.— Anthony. Fig. 378 is from Mr. Anthony’s type. The shell is not entirely adult, probably, but I cannot assimilate it to any other species. A number of specimens are before me, which are very uniform in character; in one, however, the bands are three in number, broad and dark. This shell inhabits Black Warrior River, Alabama,— teste Showalter. 70. G. nassula, ConRapD. Melania nassula, CONRAD, New Fresh-Water Shells, p. 55, t. 8, f. 9, 1834. BINNEY, Check List, No. 171. DEKaAy, Moll. New York, p.97. JAy, Cat. 4th edit., p. 274. WHEATLEY, Cat. Shells, U. S., p. 26. Brot, List, p.34. REEVE, Monog. Melania, sp. 412. CATLOW, Conch. Nomenc., p. 187. Melania Edgariana, LEA, Philos. Proc., ii, p. 14, Feb., 1841. Philos. Trans., viii, p. 180, t. 6, f. 37. Obs., iii, p. 18. DEKAyY, Moll. N. Y., p. 97. JAY, Cat. 4th edit., p.273. BINNEY, Check List, No. 94. TRoosT, Cat. Shells, Tenn. REEVE, Monog. Melania, sp. 430. WHEATLEY, Cat. Shells, U. S., p. 25. CATLOW, Conch, Nomenc., p. 186. Melasma Edgariana, Lea, CHENU, Man. de Conchy], i, f. 1997. Description.— Shell elevated; whorls convex or subangulated, with longitudinal ribs, crossed by numerous, spiral, elevated lines, about seven on the penultimate whorl, and about eleven on Fig. 879. the body-whorl; suture impressed; apex much eroded. Habitat.— Inhabits the limestone spring at Tuscumbia, Ala. Observations.—Immense numbers of this pretty species congregate on the rocks where Spring Creek finds a passage through a cavern of the carboniferous limestone.— Conrad. The figure is from an author’s example in collection of Anthony. I have also examined author’s examples in collec- tions of Haldeman and Gen. Totten, which are shorter in consequence of the erosion of the apices. This shell is allied to G. formosa, Con., but has no bands. Mr. Lea agrees with me that his Edgariana is a synonyme of nassula. The following is his description :— Melania Edgariana— Shell folded, conical, rather thin, striate, yel- 13 194 LAND AND FRESH-WATER SHELLS OF N. A. [PART Iv. lowish-brown; spire elevated; sutures irregularly impressed; whorls eight, rather flattened; aperture small, elliptical, angular below, bluish. Habitat.—Cany Fork, Tennessee. Diameter, °29; length, *77 of an inch. Observations.—I owe to Mr. Edgar’s kindness, several specimens of this pretty species, which I name after him. It Fig. 380. Fig. 381. is remarkable for being folded and transversely striate on all the whorls, except the lower part of the body-whorl, which is striate only. The crossing of the folds and strie give it a cancellated appear- ance. The aperture is rather more than one-fourth the length of the shell. The number of striz on the body-whorl is about ten.—Zea. This species is by no means uncommon in cabinets, and some specimens attain to noble proportions. 71. G. rugosa, Lra. Melania corrugata, LEA, Philos. Proc., ii, p. 13, Feb., 1841. Philos. Trans., viii, p. 177, t. 5, f. 30. Obs., iii, p. 15. Troost, Cat. Shells, Tenn. WHEATLEY, Cat. Shells, U. 8., p. 24. Melania rugosa, LEA, Philos. Proc., ii, p. 237, Dec., 1842. Philos. Trans. viii, p. 248. Obs., iii, p. 86. DrEKAyY, Moll. New York, p. 96. BINNEY, Check List, No. 235. CarLow, Conch. Nomenc., p. 188. Brov, List, p. 34. Description — Shell folded, conical, rather thin, translucent, trans- versely striated, horn color; spire rather elevated; sutures very much impressed; whorls seven, convex, cancellated above ; Vig. 382. aperture rather large, elliptical, angular below, whitish. Habitat.— Tennessee. Diameter, -22; length, °50 of an inch. Observations.— This is a small, folded species of which a single specimen was received from Dr. Troost. The superior whorls are carinated. The folds extend to the body-whorl. The aperture is rather more than one-third the length of the shell.— Lea. I have not seen this species, but it is evidently a young shell. It was first described as M. corrugata, but as that name was preoccupied by Lamarck it was changed to rugosa. GONIOBASIS. 195 72. G. costulata, Lea. Melania costulata, LEA, Philos. Proc., ii, p. 14, Feb., 1841. Philos. Trans., viii, p. 181, t. 6, f. 39. Obs., iii, p. 19. BrnnrEy, Check List, No. 73. DEKAy, Moll. N. Y., p. 98. JAY, Cat. 4th edit., p. 273. Troost, Cat. Shells, Tennessee. WHEATLEY, Cat. Shells, U. S., p. 24. REEVE, Monog. Melania, sp. 272, 360. Brot, List, p. 35. Melasma costulata, Lea, ADAMS, Genera, i, p. 300. Description.— Shell folded, conical, rather thin, yellow, above cari- nate; spire rather elongated; sutures impressed; whorls Fig. 383. nine, rather convex; aperture small, subovate, within bluish. Habitat.— Barren River, Kentucky: Tennessee. Diameter, -20; length, °82 of an inch. Observations.—In its general characters this species re- Fi sembles MW. laqueata, Say. It may be distinguished in its being of less diameter and being more slender. The speci- mens received from both Dr. Troost and Dr. Currey were covered with a deposit from the oxide of iron, giving them a black hue. Under this the epidermis is yellow. The aperture is about one-third the length of the shell.— Lea. 73. G. cinerella, Lra. Goniobasis cinerella, LEA, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., p. 269, 1862. Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci., v, pt. 3, p. 328, t. 38. f. 184, March, 1863. Obs., ix, p. 150. Description.— Shell folded, subfusiform, thin, pale, ash-color, with- out bands; spire obtusely conical; sutures irregularly impressed; Fig. 381. whorls six, slightly convex; aperture somewhat large, ovately rhomboidal, whitish within; outer lip acute, scarcely sinuous; columella bent in and slightly twisted. Habitat.— Tennessee; Coleman Sellers. Diameter, °23; length, -49 of an inch. Observations.— A. single specimen only was received from Mr. Sellers. It came with two young Melania (Goniobasis) rugosa (nobis), which it resembles, but this little species is not clathrate over the whole of the upper whorls, having only two transverse strie, which cut the folds below the suture, forming granules. The folds are close and thick, and nearly straight. The aperture is nearly half the length of the shell.— Lea. 196 LAND AND FRESH-WATER SHELLS OF N. A. [PART Iy. 74. G. caliginosa, Lra. Melania caliginosa, LBA, Philos. Proc., ii, p.15, Feb., 1841. Philos. Trans., viii, p. 189, t. 6, f.56. Obs., ili, p.27. WHEATLEY, Cat. Shells, U. S.,p.24. REEVE, Monog. Melania, sp. 293. DEKay, Moll. New York, p. 100. BINNEY, Check List, No. 44. Troost, Cat. Shells, Tenn. JAY, Cat. 4th edit., p.273. CATLOW, Conch. Nomence., p. 185. Bror. List, p. 34. Elimia caliginosa, Lea, ADAMS, Genera, i, p. 300. Description— Shell cancellate, conical, somewhat thick, transversely striated; very dark brown; spire elevated; sutures irregularly im- pressed; whorls eight, rather convex; aperture small, ellip- Fig. 385 tical, purplish within. Habitat.— Tennessee. Diameter, :34; length, °91 of an inch. Observations.— A fine, cancellate species with ten or twelve Ye revolving strie on the body-whorl, crossing the folds. The aperture is about one-third the length of the shell. It nearly answers to Mr. Conrad’s description of M. nassula, but has five striz on the penultimate whorl, while the nassula has seven. It differs from MW. catenaria, Say, in having a more elevated spire, and in having two or three more revolving striz. In some individuals the aperture is bluish-white.— Lea. 75. G. nodulosa, Lea. Melania nodulosa, LEA, Philos. Proc., ii, p. 15, Feb., 1841. Philos. Trans., viii, p- 190, t. 6, f.57. Obs., iii, p. 28. DEKAy, Moll. N. Y., p.100. BINNEY, Check List, No. 180. Troost, Cat. Shells, Tennessee. WHEATLEY, Cat. Shells, U. S., p. 26. CaTrLow, Conch. Nomenc., p. 188. BROT, List, p. 34. REEVE, Monog. Melania, sp. 276. Elimia nodulosa, Lea, ADAMS, Genera, No. 300. Description.— Shell cancellate, conical, thick, dark brown; sutures irregularly impressed; whorls somewhat convex; aperture rather large, elliptical, subangular belo ithin bluish. Boye Puce’ s We, Fig. 386. Fig. 386a. Habitat.— Tennessee. Diameter, °34; length, -82 of an inch. Observations.— Two imperfect specimens only were received from Dr. Troost, and both are much eroded at the apex, consequently the num- ber of whorls could not be ascertained. The body-whorl has about twenty well defined, raised strie, which on the superior part are crossed by folds, giving the whole of the upper part of the shell a granulate appearance. It is "y GONIOBASIS. 197 somewhat like MW. catenaria, Say, but may be distinguished at once by the number of striw.— Lea. This beautiful species being poorly represented by Mr. Lea’s figure [ have had drawn a specimen named by Mr. Lea in museum of Mr. Anthony and also a younger shell in museum of Mr. Haldeman. 76. G. difficilis, Lua. Goniobasis dificilis, LEA, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., p 257, 1862. Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci., V, pt. 3, p. 317, t. 37, f. 163, March, 1863. Obs., ix, p. 139. Description.—Shell folded, somewhat attenuate, dark olive or brown- ish, rather thin, without bands; spire attenuate, shar we ; + EP 7 P Fig. 387. Fig. 388. pointed; sutures regularly impressed; whorls about eight, slightly convex; aperture rather small, ovately rhomboidal, whitish within; outer lip acute, subsin- uous; columella bent in, thickened and twisted. Habitat.— Tennessee; Dr. Edgar. Diameter, °31; length, °82 of an inch. Observations.— This is one of the Melania (Gonio- basis) Deshayesiana group, and is nearly allied to sparus, herein described, but may at once be distinguished from that species by being flatter on the whorls, and by being of a darker color. There is but a single adult specimen before me, the apical whorls of which are eroded. Some of the young specimens are perfect to the apex, and the upper whoris present close folds slightly curved and decussate, with revolving strie. These are hardly perceptible on the adult specimen. In outline it resembles Melania (Goniobasis) columella (nobis), but differs in the color and in the form of the lower part of the columella. The aperture is about one-third the length of the shell.— Lea. This shell is somewhat like G. glauca, but the whorls are more convex. Except in the shell being more cylindrical, bac- ulum is closely related to it. 77. G. sparus, Lea Goniobasis sparus, LEA, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., p. 267, 1862. Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci., Vy, pt. 3, p. 316, t. 37, f. 162, March, 1863. Obs., ix, p. 138. Goniobasis cerea, LEA, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., p. 268, 1862. Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci. V, pt. 3, p. 32], f. 38, f. 171, March, 1863. Obs., ix, p. 143. 198 LAND AND FRESH-WATER SHELLS OY N. A. [PART IY. Description.— Shell folded, somewhat drawn out, pale yellow, some- what thick, without bands; spire attenuate, sharp-pointed; sutures irregularly impressed; whorls eight, slightly convex; aperture rather Fig. 389. large, ovately rhomboidal, white within; outer lip acute, sin- uous; columella somewhat bent in, yellow above and white below, twisted. Habitat.— Tennessee; Dr. Currey and President Lindsley. Diameter, ‘28; length, -74 of an inch. Observations.— This is a graceful, sharp-pointed species, closely allied to Deshayesiana (nobis), but is rather more slender, is a little more inflated below the sutures and is rather more solid in its structure. It has the same striw along the upper part of the whorls which decussate the folds. It is more ovate in the aperture, the base not being so angular. The folds on the upper whorls are close and well defined, but disappear below. They are slightly curved, and the aperture is about one-third the length of the shell.— Lea. The following is a younger shell. Goniobasis cerea.— Shell folded, conical, rather thin, wax-colored, without bands; spire conical; sutures impressed; whorls six, some- what convex, with small folds; aperture rather large, elongately rhomboidal, whitish within; outer lip acute, sinuous; colu- Fig. 390, mella bent in and twisted. Habitat.— Tennessee; Prof. Troost: and Duck Creek, Ten- nessee; J. Clark. Diameter, °26; length, -64 of an inch. Observations.—Two specimens only are before me. That from Mr. Clark, which I believe was collected by Prof. Christy, is of a lighter color than the other, which is brownish and may even prove to be a distinct species, as it is slimmer and is rather smaller in the aperture. The folds are delicate, inclining to the right, and do not reach to the body-whorl. There are indistinct striae on the upper part of the whorls decussating the folds. It is about the size and nearly the same outline as inosculata, herein described, but that is a carinate species with a somewhat differently formed aperture. The aperture is more than one-fourth the length of the shell.—Lea. GONIOBASIS. 199 78. G. Thorntonii, Lra. Goniobasis Thorntonii, LEA, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., p. 268, 1862. Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci., v, pt. 3, p. 320, t. 38, f. 168, March, 1863. Obs., ix, p. 142. Description.— Shell roughly folded, conical, rather thin, horn-color, without bands; spire conical; sutures irregularly and very much impressed; whorls slightly convex, clothed with distant bent folds; aperture rather large, rhomboidal, white within; outer lip Fig 391. acute, sinuous; columella somewhat bent in and twisted. Operculum ovate, thin, brown, with the polar point one- third from the base on the left of the centre. Habitat.— Tuscumbia; L. B. Thornton, Esq.: Florence, Alabama; Rev. G. White. Diameter, °38; length, -87 of an inch. Observations.— Some dozen specimens, most of them imperfect are before me. The number of whorls could not be ascertained— prob- ably eight. The folds are large, distant and curving to the right; about the middle of a whorl there is a line which decussates the fold, making a node. It belongs to the group of which Melania (Gonio- basis) costulata (nobis), may be considered the type, and it closely resembles Lindsleyi, herein described, but differs in not being cylin- drical, in having larger and more distinct ribs and and a larger aperture. The aperture is rather more than one-third the length of the shell. I name this after L. B. Thornton, Esq., Attorney at Law, Tuscumbia, who very kindly has sent to me many fine specimens from his vicinity.— Lea. 79. G. cancellata, Say. Melania cancellata, SAY, New Harmony Disseminator, p. 260, Aug., 1829. SAy’s Reprint, p. 16. BINNEY’s edit., p. 141. BINNEY, Check List, No. 46. DEKay, Moll., N. Y., p. 93. WHEATLEY, Cat. Shells, U.S., p. 24. Elimia cancellata, Say, ADAMS, Genera, i, No. 84 Description.— Shell rather slender, attenuated; volutions convex, with about twenty-six, reclivate, longitudinal, elevated lines, crossed by about eighteen revolving ones, the eight or nine towards the base crowded. Length, more than four-fifths of an inch. Habitat.— Florida. Observations.— For this shell I am indebted to Captain Le Conte, who informed me that he obtained it in St. John’s River. It differs 200 LAND AND FRESH-WATER SHELLS OF N. A. [PART Iy. from all other species in the numerous, longitudinal and transverse, elevated lines, with the exception of the catenaria (nobis), than which it is of a much more elongated and attenuated form.— Say. I have not been able to procure a specimen of this shell. Does it = curvicostata, Anthony ? 80. G. circincta, Lra. Melania circincta, LEA, Philos. Proc., ii, p. 15, Feb., 1841. Philos. Trans., vili, p. 187, t. 6, f. 51. Obs., iii, p. 25. DeKay, Moll., N. Y., p.99. Troost, Cat. Shells, Tenn. WHEATLEY, Cat. Shells, U. S., p.24. CarLow, Conch. Nomenc., p.186. Brot, List, p.31. REEVE, Monog. Melania, sp. 289. Melania circinnata, Lea, BINNEY, Check List, No. 54. Juga circinnata, Lea, CHENU, Man. de Conchyl., i, f. 2015. ADAMS, Genera, i, p. 294. Description. — Shell striate above, turreted, rather thin, pale yellow, banded; spire drawn out; sutures small; whorls nine, slightly con- vex, carinate in the middle; aperture rather small, ellip- Fig. 392. ae One . tical, angular at the base, and white within. Habitat.— Tennessee. Diameter, °85; length, -90 of an inch. Observations.— This beautiful species is peculiar for its pale yellow ground and broad band, which is placed immediately upon the carina. A very indistinct band may be observed below the carina, where in some indi- viduals may also be observed a few striz. In some, the striz on the superior part of the shell are accompanied by indistinct ribs. —Lea. Except in the development of the carina, and in being longer, this species resembles G'. laqueata, Say. 81. G. athleta, ANrHony. Melania athleta, ANTHONY, Ann. Lyc. Nat. Hist. N. Y., vi, p. 83. t. 2, f. 1, March, 1854. BINNEY, Check List No. 23. Brot, List, p. 34. REEVE, Monog. Mel., sp. 258. Melania glauca, ANTHONY, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., p. 57, Feb., 1860. BINNEY, Check List, No. 125. Brot, List, p. 35. REEVE, Monog. Melania, sp. 389. Goniobasis Lyonii, LEA, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., p. 265. Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci., v, pf. 3, p. 313, t. 37, f. 156, March, 1868. Obs., ix, p. 135. Description.— Shell conical, nearly smooth, dark horn-color; spire much elevated; whorls ten, nearly flat, with faint, longitudinal ribs, most distinct on the upper part of the whorls; sutures well marked; GONIOBASIS. 201 aperture small, ovate, within whitish, tinged near the base with rose; columella rounded, and forming a slight sinus at base. Diameter, *40 of an inch (10 millim.); length, 1°35 inches 32 (millim ). Length of aperture, -40 (10 millim.); breadth of aperture, *23 of an inch (6 millim.). Fig. 393. Habitat.— Tennessee. M Observations.—A stout species, and one of the most bean- i) tiful with which I am acquainted. The ribs are not strongly ‘ expressed, and on the lower whorls are nearly obsolete, having there the appearance of striz of growth merely; body-whorl a little angulated at base.— Anthony. Figured from the type specimen. Melania glauca.— Shell conical, folded, of a green color in the lower whorls, often modified by a brown tinge on the upper ones; whorls ten, slightly convex, with prominent longitudinal ribs, obso- lete on the body-whorl; sutures well defined, but not deeply marked; aperture ovate, livid within and with occasionally a faint, rosy tinge there; columella angu- lated at the middle; sinus well defined. Habitat.— Tennessee. Observations.— A stout species, with prominent, curved ribs on all the upper whorls, those on the body-whorl being less clearly defined or else absolutely wanting. Color a beautiful apple-green, relieved by a broad, yellow band near the suture; ard this color often passes into a yellowish-brown on the upper whorls. Near the apex, the folds are often traversed by four or five prominent striw, which pass over without being inter- rupted by the longitudinal ribs. May be compared with IL. viridula (nobis) as to color, but is less slender, and the ribs at once distin- guish it.— Anthony. The figure, which is a very poor one, represents the type specimen. ‘The species is better illustrated by the figure of G. Lyonii, which is a synonyme. The following is a descrip- tion of the latter Goniobasis Lyonii.— Shell folded, striate above, carinate at the apex, yellowish, very thin, very much drawn out; spire attenuate, sharp-pointed; sutures irregularly impressed; whorls nine, slightly 202 LAND AND FRESH-WATER SHELLS OF N. A. [PART Ly. convex; aperture rather small, subrhomboidal, whitish within; outer lip acute, sinuous; columella bent in, thickened and slightly twisted. Habitat.— Grayson County, Kentucky; 8. S. Lyon. Diameter, -30; length, -92 of an inch. Fig. 395. Observations.— A single specimen of this species was among the Melanide collected by Mr. Lyon in the geological survey of Kentucky. It was accompanied by Melania (Goniobasis) Deshayesiana (nobis), to which it is closely allied in some of its characters. It differs in having two or three more whorls, @ in being more cancellate above, by the striz decussating the , longitudinal ribs, and particularly in the lower, part of the columella being nearly straight, while that part in Deshayes- iana is oblique to the right. The ribs are pretty close and slightly curved, the inner margin of the outer lip is slightly thickened. The aperture is rather less than one-third the length of the shell. I dedi- cate this with great pleasure to Mr. Lyon, civil engineer and state geologist.— Lea. 82. G. curvicostata, ANTHONY. Melania curvicostata, ANTHONY, MSS. REEVE, Monog. Melania, sp. 462.. BROT, List, p. 35. Melania densecostata, REEVe, Monog. Melania, sp. 465. Brot, List, p. 35. Description.— Shell ovately turreted, livid olive, encircled towards the apex with a reddish line, whorls convex, longitu- dinally, plicately ribbed, ribs curved, gradually fading towards the aperture; aperture ovate, slightly effused at Fig. 396. the base, interior tinged with purple. Habitat. — Florida, United States.— Reeve. Fig. 397. The following appears to me to be the same species. Melania densicostata.— Shell subulately turreted, burnt olive, whorls eight to nine, rather flat, longitudinally, densely plicately ribbed, the last obtusely angled; aper- ture rather small, ovate, interior very faintly tinged with purple. Habitat.— Florida, United States. This interesting little species is of the same type as If. curvicostata, just described, but the ribs are stout and comparatively straight, ending abruptly on an obtuse angle of the last whorl.— Meeve. ¢ GONIOBASIS. 203 83. G. striatula, Lea. Melania striata, LEA, Philos.-Proc., ii, p. 15, Feb., 1841. Philos. Trans., Vili, p. 136, t. 6, f. 49. Obs., iii, p. 24. Troost, Cat. Shells, Tenn. WHEATLEY, Cat. Shells, U.S., p. Juga striata, Lea, CHENU, Man. de Conchyl., i, f. 2018. ADAMS, Genera, i, p. 304. Melania striatula, LEA, Philos. Proc., ii, p. 237, Dec., 1842. Philos. Trans.. viii, p. 248, Obs., iii, p. 86. DrKAy, Moll. New York, p.99. JAy, Cat. 4th edit., p. 275. BiINNEY, Check List, No. 249. CAaTrLow, Conch. Nomence., p. 158. REEVE, Monog. Melania, sp. 465, Brov, List, p. 35. Description.— Shell striate, conical, rather thin, dark brown, cari- nate above; spire somewhat elevated; sutures impressed; whorls eight, convex; aperture small, elliptical, within reddish. Habitat.— Tennessee. Diameter, -21; length, -49 of an inch. Observations.— Rather a small species of a dark reddish-brown. In some individuals the folds are numerous. In others _. . E Fig.398. Fig.399. the striz predominate and cover nearly all the whorls. The aperture is rather more than one-third the length of the shell.— Lea. This shell was originally described under the name of striata, but finding that name to be preoccupied, Mr. Lea subsequently changed it to striatula. Mr. Reeve’s figure is not a good representation of the shell. 84. G. tripartita, REEVE. Melania tripartita, REEVE, Monog. Melania, sp. 364, Dec., 1860. Brot, List, p. 37. Description.— Shell acuminated, olive; whorls eight to nine, some- what rounded, spirally, distantly ridged, the first few strongly keeled, Fig. 400. then longitudinally, plicately ribbed, afterwards smooth; aperture small, semilunar. Habitat.— ? Observations.— This is without doubt, a United States species, but I know of none with which it can be satis- factorily identified.— Reeve. The figure is copied from Mr. Reeve’s plate. I do not recognize the species, although it approaches closely to several others of the present group. 204 LAND AND FRESH-WATER SHELLS OF N. A. [PART IY. 85. G. decora, Lra. Melania decora, LEA, Philos. Proc., ii, p. 14, Feb., 1841. Philos. Trans., viii, p 181, t.6, f.38. Obs., iii, p. 19. DEKAY, Moll., N. Y., p.98. Brnnrey, Check List, No. 85. Troost, Cat. Shells, Tenn. WHEATLEY, Cat. Shells, U. S., p. 25. REEVE, Monog. Melania, sp. 202. CATLOW, Conch. Nomenc,, p. 186. Brot, List, p. 35. Description.— Shell folded, acutely turreted, rather thin, horn-color, above striate; spire acute, elevated; sutures impressed; whorls nine, rather flattened ; aperture small, elliptical, whitish. Fig. 401, abitat.— Tennessee: Green River, Kentucky. Diameter, -26; length, -82 of an inch. Observations.— This species resembles M. costulata, herein a described. It is, however, more elevated in the spire, and Ls the folds are closer. On the two lower whorls the folds oO become obsolete.— Lea. Reeve’s figure is either a very poor one or it does not rep- resent this species. It is scarcely necessary to add that his locality ‘* Niagara” is entirely wrong, as no plicate species is found there. 86. G. crebricostata, Lea. Melania crebricostata, LEA, Philos. Proc., ii, p. 13, Feb., 1841. Philos. Trans., viii, p. 179, t. 6, f.35. Obs., iii, p.17. DEKAY, Moll., New York, p.97. JAY, Cat. 4th edit., p.273. Troost, Cat. Shells, Tenn. WHEATLEY, Cat, Shells, U.S., p. 24. REEVE, Monog. Melania, sp. 374. BINNEY, Check List, No. 74. Brot, List, p. 35. Melasma crebricostata, Lea, CHENU, Man. de Conchy1., i, f. 1999. ADAMS, Genera, i, p. 300. Description.— Shell closely folded, conical, rather thick, horn-color; spire elevated; sutures linear; whorls seven, flattened; aper- Fig. 402. ture small, elliptical, below angular, bluish. JTabitat.— Robinson County, Tennessee. Diameter, -28; length, -90 of an inch. Observations.— This is rather a slender shell, and is peculiar for its numerous folds, which are slightly curved and parallel. They extend over the whole shell, except the inferior half of — the body-whorl. The aperture is about one-third the length of the shell.— Lea. The species is a common one. Dr. Brot suggests that this species should, perhaps, be united with JZ. costulata ; I think, however, that they are sufficiently distinct. GONIOBASIS. 205 87. G. comma, ConraD. Melania comma, CONRAD, New Fresh-Water Shells, p.53, f.8, f. 7, 1834. WHEATLEY, Cat. Shells, U. S., p. 24. REEVE, Monog. Melania, sp. 107. BINNEY Check List, No. 61. DEKAy, Moll., New York, p. 95. JAy, Cat. 4th edit., p. 273. Brot, List, p. 35. CatTLow, Conch. Nomenc., p. 186. MULLER, Synopsis, p. 45. Melasma comma, Conrad, ADAMS, Genera. i, p. 300. Description.— Shell subulate, much elongated, slender; whorls eight . or nine, flattened, indented at the sutures, with longitudinal, distant, slightly arcuated ribs, disappearing on the lower volutions; labrum thin; aperture elliptical, produced at base; color olive, with a dark band above the middle of each Fig. 403. Fig. 404. whorl. Habitat.—Inhabits rivulets which are tributary to the Black Warrior in mountain districts in Alabama. ff Observations.—It is greatly elongated, and the phe ribs are separated by an indented space at the a sutures.— Conrad. A slender variety, which we have figured, occurs in Ten- nessee. The first figure is from the type in collection of — Acad. Nat. Sci., Philadelphia. Mr. Haldeman possesses an author’s example. 88. G. acuta, Lra. Melania acuta, LEA, Philos. Trans., iv, p. 101, t. 15, f. 32. Obs.,i, p. iii. Troost, Cat. Shells, Tennessee. WHEATLEY, Cat. Shells, U.S., p.24. BINNEY, Check List, No. 4. Brot, List, p.3. REEVE, Monog. Melania, sp. 274. Ceriphasia acuta, Lea, ADAMS, Genera, i, p. 297. Description.— Shell acutely turreted, thin, horn-colored; apex acute ; whorls eight, carinate immediately above the suture, longitudinally Fig. 405. undulated and transversely lineated; base angulated: aper- ture white, and one-fourth the length of the shell. Habitat.— Tennessee River; Prof. Vanuxem. Diameter, five-twentieths; length, thirteen-twentieths of an inch. Observations. —I have seen no described species to which this bears a close resemblance. Its delicate form, furnished with undulations and transverse lines, will easily distinguish i:.— Lea, 206 LAND AND FRESH-WATER SHELLS OF N. A. [PART IV. Mr. Say (cover of No. 6 Am. Conch.) says this equals his Melania semicarinata, but I can see no good reason to unite them, as that shell has not the longitudinal folds of acuta. The specimen figured by Mr. Lea, and here copied, is evi- dently not mature. A shell closely allied to this species inhabits the Great Lakes, etc., and Mr. Lea and other con- chologists labeled it acuta. It is never plicate and I have described it under the name of JZaldemani. x 89. G. subcylindracea, Lra. Melania subcylindracea, LEA, Philos. Proc., ii, p. 12, Feb., 1841. Philos. Trans., viii, p. 169, t. 5, f. 14. Obs., iii, p. 7. DeEKay, Moll., New York, p. 94. Troost, Cat. Shells, Tenn. Binney, Check List, No. 253. WHEATLEY, Cat. Shells, U.S., p. 27. CarLtow, Conch. Nomenc., p. 188. Brot, List, p. 39, REEVE, Monog. Melania, sp. 399. Potadoma subcylindracea, Lea, ADAMS, Genera, i, p. 299. Description— Shell smooth, subcylindrical, somewhat thick, horn- color; spire obtusely elevated; sutures impressed; whorls convex; Fig. 496. Fig. 407, aperture small, ovate, whitish. Habitat.— 'Tennessee; Dr. Troost. Diameter, °32; length, °85 of an inch. Observations.— This is a club-shaped species with ig an aperture about the third of the length of the shell. eo All the specimens sent by Dr. Troost are more or less decollate.— Lea. Figured from Mr. Lea’s plate. Some specimens are more lengthened and cylindrical than the type specimen. 90. G. baculum, ANTHONY. Melania baculum, ANTHONY, Ann.,N. Y. Lyc. Nat. Hist., vi, p. $8, t. 2, f. 16, March 1854. Brinnry, Check List, No.27. Brom, List, p.34. REEVE, Monog. Mela nia, sp. 431. Description.— Shell conical, thick; of a dull, reddish-brown color, with a lighter shade near the upper part of each whorl. Spire much elevated, not diminishing rapidly as it ascends, and with nearly a rec- tilinear outline; whorls eight remaining, and with an appearance of havirg lost several by truncation; hardly convex and with a deeply impressed suture; uperture small, broadly ovate, light red within; columella rounded, indented, with a small sinus. GONIOBASIS. 207 Diameter, 48 of an inch (12 millim.); length, 1:28 inches (33 mil- lim.). Length of aperture, °35 of an inch (9 millim.) ; breadth of aperture, -20 of an inch (5 millim.). Observations.— The most striking characteristic of this Fig. 408. species is its robust, cylindrical form, combined with its pale sutural region; compared with JZ. teres, Lea, it is much less slender and turreted, much more plicate, and the whorls are less inflated. MW. rufa is not folded, and is amore acutely elevated species. The curve in the colu- mella resembles that of M. columella, Lea, but that shell is much less elongated, has only six whorls, and is destitute of distinct folds,— Ae Anthony. 91. G. concinna, LEa. Melania concinna, LEA, Philos. Proc., ii, p.14, Feb., 1841. Philos. Trans., viii, p. 183, t, 6, f. 42. Obs., iii, p.21. DEKAY, Moll., New York, p.98. Troost, Cat. Shells, Tennessee. WHEATLEY, Cat. Shells, U. S., p. 24. CATLOW, Conch. Nomenc., p.186. Brxney, Check List, No. 63. Bror, List, p. 34. Melasma concinna, Lea, ADAMS, Genera, i, p. 300. Description.— Shell folded, acutely turreted, thin, brown; spire drawn out; sutures impressed; whorls nine, carinate, flattened; Fig. 409, 2perture small, elliptical, angular at base, whitish. Habitat.— Tennessee. Diameter, :25; length, °75 of an inch. Observations.— A single individual only was received from Dr. Troost. Its mouth is about one-fourth the length of the shell. It is remarkably flattened on the whorls, and the superior part is transversely striate.— Lea. This species resembles baculum, but is narrower, smaller, and the plications are closer. It has been extensively dis- tributed by Mr. Anthony as a variety of comma. Allied to eliminuta, but differs in the plicze, being smaller, also in the form of the mouth: the shell is rather stouter and the body- whorl more angular. 92. G. eliminata, ANTHony. Se Melania eliminata, ANTHONY, Ann. New York, Lyc. Nat. Hist., vi, p. 97, t. 2, f. 15, Muar., 1854. BINNEY, Check List, No, 98. BRot, List, p. 34. Descviption.— Shell conic, thin, brownish; spire slender, elevated; whorls about eight, convex, with transverse folds and spiral strie, 208 LAND AND FRESH-WATER SHELLS OF N. A. [PART IV. both of which, however, disappear towards the lower portion of each whorl, and are hardly visible on the last whorl; sutures deeply im- Fig. 410. Fig. 411. pressed; aperture small, ovate, within translucent, exhibiting the exterior coloring through its sub- stance; columella but little rounded, except near its base, where with the much curved lip it forms a sharp, narrow sinus. Diameter, :24 of an inch (6 millim.); length, -80 of an inch (21 millim.). Length of aperture, :26 of an inch (7 millim.); breadth of aperture, °15 of an inch (4 millim.). Tlabitat.— Kentucky, near Owenborough. Observations.— This is a very slender and elevated species, resem- bling in this respect M. comma, Con., from which it differs very materially by the character of its folds and strize, which are more decided, being nearly as prominent, though less distant than in M. curreyana, Lea; the stris: revolve round the whorls and over the ribs without being interrupted by them; differs from IM. Edgariana, Lea, by its brown color, more slender form, less convex whorls, and thinner texture; it is more slender than Jf. decora or costulata, and less acute, the whorls tapering more gradually to the apex; on the upper whorls there are about five striz, the lowest of which is much. more elevated than the others, and the folds are arrested by it near the suture. The penultimate whorl is often subangulated at its base.— Anthony. 93, G. teres, Lra. Melania teres, LEA, Philos. Proc., ii, p. 13, Feb., 1841. Philos. Trans., viii, p. 176) t. 5, f. 27. Obs., ili, p. 14. DEKAy, Moll.,,.New York, p. 96. TROOST, Cat. Shells, Tenn. WHEATLEY, Cat. Shells, U. S.. p.27. Binney, Check List, No. 269. JAY, Cat. 4th edit., p. 275. CATLOW, Conch. Nomenc., p. 189. BRort, List, p. 35. Melania terebralis, LEA, Philos. Proc., ii, p. 13, Feb., 1841. Philos. Trans., viii, p. 178, t. 6, f. 32. Obs., iii, p. 16. DEKAY, Moll., New York, p. 96. TROOST, Cat. Shells, Tenn. WHEATLEY, Cat. Shells, U. S., p. 27. BINNEY, Check List, No. 268. CATLOW, Conch. Nomenc., p. 189. Brot, List, p. 36. Description.— Shell folded, acutely turreted, thin, horn-colored; spire drawn out; sutures impressed; whorls nine, convex; aperture small, elliptical, whitish within. ITabitat.— Tennessee. Diameter, *25; length, °87 of an inch. Observations.— This is a remarkably elevated species, with the Le GONIOBASIS. 209 whorls much inflated, and the last whorl very small. Some of the . Specimens before me are but obscurely folded.— Lea. Fig. 412. Fig. 413. Figured from Mr. Lea’s plate. This is a very distinct species, on account of the great convex- ity of the whorls. The following description and figure represents half grown specimens :— Melania terebralis.— Shell folded, acutely turreted, rather thin, shining, reddish-brown; spire much elevated; sutures much im- Fig. 414. pressed; whorls nine, convex, carinate above; aperture small, elliptical, whitish. Habitat.— Tennessee. Diameter, :24; length, :67 of an inch. Observations.— This species differs in the form of the folds from any which have come under my notice. These folds are from each other, but slightly raised, and give the shell a distant varicose appearance. The mouth is about the fifth part of the length of the shell.— Lea. 94. G. gracillima, ANTHONY. Melania gracillima, ANTHONY, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., p. 62, Feb., 1860. BINNEY, Check List, No. 129. Brov, List, p. 36. REEVE, Monog. Melania, sp. 437. Description.— Shell conic, thin, brownish; spire very slender, ele- vated, composed of eight, convex whorls, the upper ones folded and striate, the lower ones smooth, the striw being replaced by indistinct, slender, brown lines; sutures very deeply impressed, a sharp carina on the lower portion of each whorl, rendering them Fig. 415. Fig. 416. quite distinct; aperture small, ovate, banded inside; . columella indented; sinus small. Habitat.— South Carolina. Observations.—A peculiarly slender, graceful species, in form somewhat like MW. strigosa, Lea, but more folded and more slender. The strie on the upper whorls are very distinct Where they intersect the folds, and give the shell a tuberculous appearance; the folds are arrested by the carina which is elevated. The brown lines on the body-whorl are often slightly elevated, but nevertheless, indistinct and are about four in number. A faint line or band of a yellow color revolves around the upper portion of the two lower whorls.— Anthony. i.B.W.8. Iv. 14 210 LAND AND FRESH-WATER SHELLS OF N. A. [PART IV. 95. G. Clarkii, Lra. Melania Clarkii, LEA, Philos. Trans., x, p. 297, t.30,f.4. Obs., vy, p.53. BINNEY, Check List, No. 56, Brov, List, p. 34. REEVE, Monog. Melania, sp. 356. Description.— Shell folded, club-shaped, rather thin, dark brown; spire elevated, drawn out; sutures somewhat impressed; whorls 5 2 flattened; aperture small, rather elliptical, at the base angu- We etl. lar, within dark; columella twisted. Habitat.— Duck Creek, Tennessee. Diameter, °23; length, :73 of an inch. Observations.— The form of this species is more attenuate than usual, with the clavate forms. _It has about ten whorls; those above the body-whorl being disposed to be both plicate and striate. Towards the apex they are all thickly striate. On all the specimens before me, on the lower whorls, there are irregular, oblique strie, somewhat similar to those on the WM. Ocoeénsis (nobis), which give them a malleate character. On the upper margin of the whorls, along the sutures, there is usually an indistinct, light line. The outer lip is broken.— Lea. Figured from Mr. Lea’s plate. Specimens before me differ somewhat in the closeness of the plice. Some are even more attenuately lengthened than Mr. Lea’s figure. This is the narrowest species inhabiting North America. In collection of Mr. Gould are specimens from Lee County, Georgia. 96. G. De Campii, Lra. Goniobasis De Campii, LEA, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., p. 154, May, 1863. Description.— Shell plicate, striate below, greatly attenuatcd, thin, corneous, without bands; spire subulate; sutures linear, Fig, 418. impressed; whorls fully ten, subconvex, above with slightly bent plicsee; aperture very small, subrhomboidal, whitish within; lip acute, somewhat sinuous; columella whitish, in- curved and twisted. Habitat.— Huntsville, Alabama; Wm. H. De Camp, M.D., surgeon, United States army.— Lea. GONIOBASIS, Pile 97. G. plicifera, Lxra. Melania plicifera, LEA, Philos. Trans., vi, p. 93, t. 23, f. 90. Obs., ii, p. 93. WHEATLEY, Cat. Shells, U. S., p. 26. Jay, Cat., 4th edit., p. 274. BINNEY, Check List, No. 211. REEVE, Monog. Melania, sp. 284. COOPER, Report, p. 374. Brov, List, p. 36. GOULD, Moll. Expl. Exped., p. 143, f. 165. TROSCHEL, Archiv, fur Naturgesch., ii, p. 227. Melasma plicifera, Lea, CHENU, Manuel, i, f. 2001. ADAMS, Genera, i, p. 300. Description.— Shell acutely turreted, rather thick, nearly black; spire full of folds; apex truncate; whorls some- Fig. 419. Fig. 420. .°P oe ‘ what convex, the last being smooth above and striate below; aperture white. Habitat.— Wahlamat, near its junction with the Columbia River; Prof. Nuttall. Diameter, -4 of an inch; Fig. 421, Fig. 422. length, 1°1 inches. Observations. — Among the fine shells brought by Prof. Nuttall from beyond the Rocky Mountains, was this single species of Melania. It is remarkable for its numerous folds, or ribs, which fill the supe- rior whorls. The inferior whorl is entirely without these ribs, but the inferior >oztion is furnished with transverse striz. I am indebted to Prof. Nuttall for many spec- imens of this shell, all of which are more or less truncate at the apex. The most perfect one, which is small, has nine whorls.— Lea. This is an exceedingly common and variable species, and I give several figures of its most usual forms. Occasionally the shell is thickly striate, with folds on the upper whorls only. Dr. Gould, in the Mollusca of the United States Exploring Expedition says of this species :— “This shell seems to be subject to great variety, or else these are several allied species. The typical shell has the spire elongated, pointed, and the whorls flattened, with coarse, longitudinal folds. Others are surrounded by numerous, raised lines, and are nearly des- titute of folds. A variety from Lake George (Oregon) must be very corpulent. It is much decollated, and is light and thin. Whorls con- vex; aperture rounded, ovate; lip very flexuous, having a sinus pos- teriorly, and a very deep one at the point of the columella; color pale 212 LAND AND FRESH-WATER SHELLS OF N. A. [PART IV. olive-green. Even the little If siligua may be only a starved speci- men of the Nisqually variety. All have a varix half a volution from the mouth.” Fig. 422, Lake George specimen. 98. G. silicula, GouLp. Melania silicula GOULD, Bost. Proc., ii, p. 224, June, 1847. Otia Conchologica, p. 46. Moll. Expl. Exped., p. 141, f. 164, 164a. COOPER, Report, p. 374. BINNEY, Check List, No. 248. Brot, List, p. 52. Juga silicula, Gould, ADAMS, Genera, i, p. 304. Melania Shastaensis, LEA, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., viii, p. 80, April, 1856. BINNEY, Check List, No. 242. Cooprr, Report, p. 374. Goniobasis Shastaensis, LEA, Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci., v, pt. 3, p. 337, t. 38, f. 199, March, 1863. Obs., ix, p, 159. Melania rudens, REEVE, Monog. Melania, sp. 224, May, 1860. Brov, List, p. Description.—A small, slender, nearly cylindrical species, covered with a somewhat clouded, dark chestnut epidermis. There are about four, entire whorls, several others being lost from the tip; they are well rounded, and marked with numerous, fine, revolving threads, and all but the two largest ones are longitudinally plaited. The aperture is small, rounded-ovate, scarcely pro- duced in front, and about one-fourth the length of the shell. The throat has a pale violet tint. The last whorl has a dark, narrow band around it, just at the junction of tke lip of it. Length, one-half; breadth, one-fifth of an inch. Habitat.— Nisqually, Oregon. Observations.—It resembles If. proxima, Say, which is less cylin- drical and without folds.— Gould. Melania silicula.— Shell small, graceful, subcylindrical, truncated; epidermis chestnut-brown; spire of four remaining whorls, rounded, spirally lirate, the upper longitudinally plicate; the last whorl banded with brown; sutures well impressed; aperture roundly ovate, scarcely produced in front; pale violaceous. Longitude one-half; latitude, one-fifth poll. Habitat.— Nisqually, Oregon.— Gould. This species differs much from plicifera in being more nar- rowly cylindrical, the whorls, generally, but not always, more convex, and especially in the broad band. It is a beautiful and numerous species, extending to all parts of Oregon and California. Dr. Gould’s description refers to a young shell, of which G. Shastaensis, Lea is the adult. Melania rudens of GONIOBASIS. Qi Reeve is a more rugose variety of the same species. The M. Shastaensis of Reeve, sp. 318, is a good figure of G. occata, Hinds. Melania Shastaensis.—Shell striate, subcylindrical, rather thin, dark horn-color, banded; spire elevated, folded at the apex; sutures very much impressed; whorls convex; aperture small, ovate, white within; columella smooth, incurved and recurved. Operculum ovate, the polar point being near the left side and below the middle. Habitat.— Shasta and Scott Rivers, California; Dr. Trask: and Fort Umpqua, O. T., Smithsonian Institution. Diameter, ‘34 of an inch; length, 1:05 inches. Observations.— Nearly thirty specimens of this species were kindly sent to me by Dr. Trask. The form and size of this species is very much the same as Melania (Goniobasis) Virginica, Say. It pig. gag, differs in the form of the aperture, in having but a single, revolving, wide band, and in being more cylindrical. The Shastaensis varies like the Virginica, in being very uncertain as to striation. Some of the specimens are covered with [ minute, revolving striw, while others are almost entirely des- titute of them. In every specimen before me there is a broad, revolving, brown band on the middle of the whorls, more or less distinct, and always with more intense color on the superior whorls. This band often becomes obsolete on the inferior whorls, but when that is not the case it may be seen within the aperture also. A few of the specimens have the columella slightly purple. Every specimen in my possession has the apex eroded, so that the number of whorls cannot be with certainty stated. I should suppose the number to be nine or ten. Some of them are sufficiently perfect to show several upper whorls with regular folds. The aperture is Fig. 425. probably rather more than one-fourth the length of the q¥ shell.— Lea. Melania rudens.— Shell narrowly turriculated, dull olive; whorls rounded, constricted at the sutures, spirally ridged, striated, the first strongly, concentrically plicated; aper- ture small, rounded. Habitat.— ? Observations.— Strongly characterized by the constricted sutures and by the rib-like plications of the earlier whorls.—Lceve. 214 LAND AND FRESH-WATER SHELLS OF N. A. [PART IY, 99. G. nigrina, Lea. Melania nigrina, LEA, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., p. 80, April, 1856. ’ Goniobasis nigrina, LEA, Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci., v, pt. 3, p. 302, t. 37, f. 137, March, 1863. Obs., ix, p.124. BINNEY, Check List, No. 177. Description.— Shell smooth, small, conical, rather thin, nearly black, polished; spire somewhat elevated; sutures impressed; whorls regu- larly convex; aperture small, ovate, angular above, dark purple within; columella incurved, purple. Operculum dark brown, the polar point being low down and near to the left margin. Habitat.— Clear Creek, Shasta County, California; Dr. Trask. Diameter, °23; length, :67 of an inch. Observations.— A number of good specimens, with their opercula, were sent to me by Dr. Trask. In form, size and color this species is very like to Melania semicarinata, Say, from Georgia and “South Carolina. It may be distinguished at once by not hav- ing the carination of that species, which is usually strongly marked. It is not quite so high in the spire, and the aperture is more rounded at the base. In all the specimens of nigrina, which I received, the apex is worn off. In the half grown ones I can see no disposition to carination or plication in the upper whorls. I should suppose that in perfect specimens the number of whorls would be found to be about seven, and that the aperture would be about the third of the length of the shell. In some of the specimens there is a disposition to put on a few, fine strie, and in most of them there is a very small, angular line running below the suture. I am not acquainted with Dr. Gould’s Melania silicula and bulbosa from Oregon, described in the Proc. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist., July, 1847; but from the descriptions I have no doubt that they are different from both species therein described.— Lea. The upper whorls of this species are sometimes plicate. The shell is like silicwla in form, but is rather more cylindrical, of a darker color, shaded with red internally. It is particularly distinguished by the carinated upper whorls. This is not the nigrina of Reeve’s Conch. Icon., that species being the nigrocincta, Anth., as Mr. Reeve states in his ‘‘errata.” GONIOBASIS. 215 100. G. rubiginosa, Lea. Goniobasis rubiginosa, LEA, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., p. 270, 1862. Journ. Acad. Nat. Sci., v, pt. 3, p. 333, t. 38, f. 193, March, 1863. Obs., ix, p, 155. Description.— Shell carinate, somewhat awl-shaped, rather thin, shining, reddish, obscurely banded; spire subattenuate; sutures very much impressed; whorls about six, convex; aperture very small, subrhomboidal, pale reddish and obscurely double-banded within; outer lip acute, sinuous; columella slightly bent in and twisted. Operculum broadly ovate, dark brown, with the polar point near the left margin above the base. Habitat.— Oregon; W. Newcomb, M.D. Diameter, 27; length, ‘74 of an inch. Observations.— Two specimens only were sent to me by Dr. W. Newcomb. The four upper whorls are carinate, and a ee 427. Fig. 428. small, thread-like line below runs parallel with the more raised one. The two obscure bands are near to each other and are in the middle of the whorl. In outline it is near to Melania (Goniobasis) nigrina (nobis), but ; it is a larger species with a less polished surface and of a very much lighter color. It differs entirely in being carinate. In both these specimens the whorls are slightly depressed below the suture, which modifies the outer lip. One of the specimens has an obscure, brownish spot inside at the base of the columella. The aperture is about two-sevenths the length of the shell.— Lea. Mr. Lea’s figure, of which the accompanying one (Fig. 427) is a copy, does not exhibit plicze on the spire, nor does his description mention their existence, still Iam convinced that when specimens with more perfect spires are discovered, they will, in common with the other lengthened species, exhibit this character. Except in the character of the carinated upper whorls this shell is allied to Shastaensis. 101. G. Bairdiana, Lra. Goniobasis Bairdiana, LEA, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., p. 267, 1862. Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci., v, pt. 3, p. 317, t. 37, f. 164, March, 1863. Obs., ix, p. 139, t.37, f. 164. Description.—Shell folded, somewhat drawn out, dark brown, rather thick, single-banded; whorls subattenuate, sharp-pointed; sutures im- 216 LAND AND FRESH-WATER SHELLS OF N. A. [PART IV. pressed; whorls eight, slightly convex; aperture rather small, ovately rhomboidal, whitish within and single-banded; outer lip scarcely sin- uous; columella bent in, somewhat thickened and very much twisted. Habitat.— Columbia River at Fort George, Oregon; J. Drayton. Diameter, 26; length, °66 of an inch. Observations.—In size, color and outline this is nearly allied to Draytonii, herein described, but may at once be distinguished by that Fig. 429. Species having no folds, and in being more convex in the whorls. It cannot be confounded with Melania (Goniobasis) Newberryii (nobis), which is shorter, more inflated, and has two bands. The Bairdiana has five or six apical whorls, fur- nished with close, regular, well formed, perpendicular folds. The lower whorls have two or three very minute, revolving striz immediately below the suture, where the color is lighter. There is a disposition to thickening on the inner margin of the outer lip, and along this edge a little coloring of brown is observable. The aper- ture is nearly the third of the length of the shell. I have great pleasure in dedicating this interesting little species to my friend, Prof. Spencer F. Baird of the Smithsonian Institution, to whom I am greatly indebted for many kind services, and who has done so much for the advancement of the Natural Sciences of our country.— Lea. This species differs very much in form from the others in- habiting the Pacific States. D. Shell angulate. ' 102. G. trochiformis, ConraD. Melania trochiformis, CONRAD, New Fresh-Water Shells, p. 56, t. 8, f. 11, 1834. DEKAY, Moll., New York, p.100. WHEATLEY, Cat. Shells, J. S.,p.27. BINNEY, Check List, No. 275. Brot, List, p. 31. MULLER, Synopsis, p. 47. Description.— Shell short, conical, ventricose, turreted; Fig. 430. two spiral, prominent lines on each whorl, the intervening spaces concave ; summit of the whorls flattened, angulated ; body-whorl angular, with the periphery carinated; base flattened; aperture small; labrum angulated in the middle. Habitat.— Streams in North Alabama. Observations.— A species easily recognized by its strong ribs, or by its sulci, and its trochiform shape.— Conrad. GONIOBASIS. Ae The figure is a copy of that in Mr. Conrad’s work. It is evidently a very poor one, however. It is probable this will prove to be identical with Mr. Anthony’s 7’. cristata. 103, G. cristata, ANTHONY. Melania cristata, ANTHONY, Ann. Lyc. Nat. Hist. N. Y., vi, p. 108, t. 3, f. 8, March, 1854. BINNEY, Check List, No. 77. Brov, List, p.32. REEVE, Monog. Mela- nia, sp, 413. Description.— Shell carinate on the body-whorl, rhomboidal; thin, horn-colored ; upper whorls not carinate, but some- what shouldered; whorls five, flat, slightly concave, Fig- 431. Fig. 432. diminishing rapidly to the apex; sutures not re- markable; body-whorl with a { Fig. 434, strong, well developed carina, extending from the upper part of the aperture, and revolving round so as to be at its centre when it reaches the mouth again. The carina and a smaller one below it are indi- cated in the interior by a grooved channel with a dark band running through it; aperture rhomboidal, banded within; columella straight, with an acute sinus at base. Habitat.— Alabama. Diameter, 34 (9 millim.); length, °50 of en inch (13 millim.), Length of aperture, °30 (8 millim.); breadth of aperture, -16 of an inch (4 millim.) Observations.— Only one specimen of this remarkable species has come under my notice, but it is so widely different from all others that no one can for a moment doubt its distinctive character. The upper whorls are obscurely banded near the suture.— Anthony. Fig. 434 is from the type specimen. It is not an adult, and is alsoa malformation. The succeeding figures represent different varieties and ages. The carination appears to be lost in an obscure angle on the periphery of the adult shell. 218 LAND AND FRESH-WATER SHELLS OF N. A. [PART IV. 104, G. cruda, Lea. Goniobasis cruda, LEA, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., p. 270, 1862. Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci., y, pt. 3, p. 332, t. 38, f. 190, March, 1863, Obs., ix, p. 154. | Description.— Shell carinate, subfusiform, rather thin, shining, dark brown, obscurely banded; spire obtuse; sutures slightly impressed; whorls flattened above, the last one large; aperture rather large, rhomboidal, dark within ; outer lip acute, scarcely sinuous; colu- mella slightly incurved, scarcely thickened. Habitat.—Tennessee River; Dr. Spillman. Diameter, -38; length, :68 of an inch. Observations.— Only two specimens were received from Dr. Spill- Fig. 435. man, both much worn at the apex. Two of the lower whorls only are perfect. The bands on both are imperfect and obscure. They may be considered to be three, one being on the periph- ery of the whorl. One is much darker in the interior than the other, and has a dark purple mark at the base of the colu- mella. It has very much the form of Melania (Goniobasis) perfusca (nobis), but differs in size, in aperture and in carination. The char- acter of the upper whorls cannot be ascertained by these specimens, nor the proportion of the aperture, but it must be nearly one-half the length of the shell.— Lea. 105. G. Whitei, Lea. Goniobasis Whitei, LEA, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., p. 266, 1862. Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci., vy, pt. 3, p. 310, t. 37, f. 151, March, 1863. Obs., ix, p. 132. Description.— Shell smooth, fusiform, thick, very much inflated, yellowish-brown, bright, three-banded ; spfre very obtuse, sutures somewhat impressed; whorls five, flattened above, the last bcing ventricose; aperture very large, widely rhomboidal; outer lip acute, straight; columella bent in, thickened and twisted. Habitat.— Georgia; Rey. George White. Diameter, -35; length, 61 of an inch. Observations.— Two specimens were received among Mr. White’s shells, but the part of Georgia was not designated from where he obtained them, probably towards the north. In outline it closely resembles Nickliniana, as well as Vawxiana, herein described. It is rather more obtuse in the apex than WNickliniana, and not so round GONIOBASIS, 219 at the base, and it has bands which the other has not. Both the specimens are furnished with three, equidistant, brown bands, Fig. 436. obscure outside, but well defined inside. The older of these two has a thickening inside of the outer lip, and the bands do not extend tothe margin. The aperture is more than the : half the length of the shell. E dedicate this species to the Rev. George White, who has done so much to elucidate a knowledge of the mollusca of his State. — Lea. . The figure copied does not represent the three bands re- ferred to; but they are present on all the specimens before me. 106. G. expansa, LEA. Melania expansa, LEA, Trans. Am. Philos. Soc., ix. p. 28. Description.— Shel smooth, somewhat fusiform, rather thick, yel- lowish; spire obtusely conical; sutares somewhat impressed; whorls five, slightly convex; aperture large, expanded, whitish. Habitat.— Alabama. Diameter, °43; length, ‘63 of an inch. Observations.— A solitary specimen of this was among the shells sent by Dr. Foreman. In form it resembles M. variabilis (nobis), but may be distinguished from that species in being larger, and having a larger proportionate aperture, which is more expanded. ‘The aper- ture is full one-half the length of the shell. The specimen under ex- amination has four bands, and the yellow epidermis is nearly covered with a deposit of the oxide of iron.— Lea. This shell has not been figured. The species is unknown to me. 107. G. casta, ANTHONY. Melania casta, ANTHONY, Ann. N. Y. Lyc. Nat. Hist., vi, p. 100, t.2, f. 19, March, 1854. BrInNEY, Check List, No. 50. Brot, List, p.32. REEVE, Monog. Mela- nia, sp. 381. Description.— Shell conical, nearly smooth, thick; spire obtusely elevated; whorls 6-7, nearly flat; sutures well impressed; upper whorls smooth, or only modified by the lines of growth, which are coarse and distinct; body-whorl with five prominent striee below the middle, of which the lower three also revolve within the aperture 220 LAND AND FRESH-WATER SHELLS OF N. A. [PART IY. on the columella; aperture small, elliptical, within whitish, subna- creous; columella not indented; sinus small. Habitat.— Alabama. Fig. 437. Fig. 438. Diameter, ‘30 (8 millim.); length, -75 of an inch (19 millim.). Length of aperture, :33 (8 millim) ; breadth of aperture, ‘17 of an inch (4 millim.). Observations.—A singularly pale, greenish-white species, the distinguishing marks of which are its regular, subcylindric form, and the smooth spire, combined with the prominent striae at the base of the shell. These are characters which I do not recognize on any other species so combined. There is also a distinct carina on the penultimate whorl, near the top of the aperture, above which may be observed a faint, interrupted line.— Anthony. Another specimen in Mr. Anthony’s collection has not the angulation so well developed and is covered with slight stria. The type specimen is figured, figure 438. 108. G. rhombica, ANTHONY. Melania rhombica, ANTHONY, Ann. N. Y. Lyc. Nat. Hist., vi, p. 116, t. 3, f. 16, March, 1854. BINNEY, Check List, No. 228. Brot, List, p.38. Rterve, Monog. Melania, sp. 347. Description.—Shell conic, rather thin, brown; spire regularly pyram- idal; not elevated; whorls about six, flat, regularly and very Fig. 439, distinctly striate; body-whorl angulated about the middle, £ nearly smooth, except as modified by the lines of growth, which are quite distinct, the concentric strie being nearly obsolete on the body-whorl; sutures inconspicuous; aperture rather large, ovate, whitish within; columella very slightly rounded, with little or no sinus. Habitat.— Alabama. Diameter, :22 (54 millim.); length, °43 of an inch (11 millim.). Length of aperture, ‘20 (5 millim.); breadth of aperture, -12 of an inch (8 millim.). Observations.— This cannot well be confounded with any known species; its short spire, flat, striated whorls, regularly and rapidly decreasing to the apex, the prominent, acute carina, which encircles it near the top of the aperture, beneath which the striw, so promi- nent above are hardly discernible, and its rather broad form, will GONIOBASIS. 221 readily distinguish it from /. striatula, Lea, to which it might seem allied by form and. color; it has somewhat the form of MM. vicina (nobis), but that shell is more slender, less distinctly carinated, and has not the striation of the present species.— Anthony. A very distinct and not uncommon species, remarkably uniform in form and ornamentation. One of Mr. Anthony’s types is figured. In younger specimens the striz are more strongly developed. 109. G. angulata, ANrHony. Melania angulata, ANTHONY, Ann. N. Y. Lyc. Nat. Hist., vi, p. 117, t. 3, f. 17, March, 1854. Binney, Check List, No.14. Brorv, List, p.37. REEVE, Monog. Mela- nia, sp. 386. Melania cinnamomea, Anthony, REEVE, Monog. Melania, sp.379. Brot, List, p. 35. Goniobasis intercedens, LEA, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., p. 265, 1862. Journ. Acad. Nat. Sci., v, pt 3, p..305, t. 37, f. 148. Obs., ix, p. 127. Description.— Shell acutely conic, smooth, brown, rather thick; spire not remarkably elevated, but tapering regularly with a rectilinear outline to the apex, which is entire and acute; whorls eight, nearly flat, upper ones carinate, and with a well defined suture; body-whorl with a distinct angle, more dis- Fig. 440. tinct where it revolves near the top of the aperture; below this the base is rather concave on the columella side; aperture mod- erate, narrow, ovate, whitish or faintly tinged with red within; col- umella slightly curved, not indented; sinus slight, but well defined. Habitat. — Tennessee. Diameter, -25 (6 millim.); length, ‘56 of an inch (14 millim.). Length of aperture, 25 (6 millim.); breadth of aperture, -13 of an inch (3 millim.). Observations.— A singularly neat, precise looking shell. Its trim appearance, its pale color, unornamented by any band, and its sharp, well defined angle, amounting almost to a carina, will serve to dis- tinguish it from all others.— Anthony. The above description is that of the juvenile shell. In the adult state it has been described by both Mr. Anthony and Mr. Lea as follows : Melania cinnamomea.— Shell ovately conoid, cinnamon-brown, with & narrow, chestnut zone at the sutures; whorls 6-7, slopingly ven- 222 LAND AND FRESH-WATER SHELLS OF N. A. [PART IV. tricose, longitudinally wrinkle striated, last whorl irregularly trans- versely wrinkled; aperture ovate, effused at the base. Habitat.— Alabama. Observations— An obese, cinnamon-colored shell, encir- cled by a narrow, chestnut band at the sutures. The sur- face is sculptured with longitudinal, close-set strie and transverse, interrupted, keel-like wrinkles.— Reeve. Goniobasis intercedens. — Shell smooth, fusiform, rather thin, yellow, honey-bright without bands; spire conoidal, sharp- pointed, carinate at the apex; sutures linear; whorls eight, flattened, Fig. 441, varicose; aperture rather large, rhomboidal, whitish within; outer lip acute, scarcely sinuous; columella slightly bent in, somewhat thick- ened, nearly straight below. Habitat.— Cahawba River, Alabama; E. R. Showalter, M.D. Diameter, °30; length, °69 of an inch. Observations.— This species is very closely allied to Melania (Goni- obasis) mellea and Bridgesiana, herein described. It is the = same color, but may be distinguished by its being more slen- der and having a higher spire. It has also a less twisted columella, In the interior there is a slight disposition to yellowness. Neither of the two specimens before have any appearance of bands. The larger of the two is not complete on the outer lip, but the smaller one is perfectly so, and shows a dis- position to thickening on the inner edge. The aperture is about one- half of the length of the shell.— Lea. 110. G. Bridgesiana, Lra. Goniobasis Bridgesiana, LEA, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., p. 265, 1862, Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci., v, pt. 3, p. 305, t. 37, f. 142, March, 1863. Obs., ix, p. 173, t. 37, f. 142. Description— Shell smooth, fusiform, somewhat inflated, rather thin, Fig. 443, honey-yellow, without bands; spire obtusely conical, carinate ‘y ened above and below and slightly twisted. Habitat.— Cahawba River, Alabama; E. R. Showalter, M.D. Diameter, -40; length, °83 of an inch. Observations.— A single specimen only was received from Dr. E. R. Showalter. It was considered by him to be Melania gravida, Anth., GONIOBASIS. 223 but it does not answer to his description. It is allied to Alelanta (Goniobasis) mellea (nobis), but differs in being more regularly fusi- form, in not being so much inflated, nor having so sharp an apex, and the whorls are flatter. The interigr of this specimen is slightly dis- posed to yellowness. There is no appearance of bands on this spec- imen, and I doubt if it will be found banded. The aperture is nearly one-half the length of the shell. I dedicate this species to my friend, R. Bridges, M.D., who has done so much to promote the knowledge of our zoology.— Lea. I doubt whether this is more than an adult form of angulata, Anth. lll, G. cubicoides, ANTHONY. Melania cubicoides, ANTHONY, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., p. 60, Feb., 1860. BINNEY, Check List, No. 78. Bror, List, p.39. REEVE, Monog. Melania, sp. 445, Description.— Shell ovate, smooth, thick; whorls 6-7, flat, the upper ones rapidly enlarging to the body-whorl, which is broad and acutely angulated; sutures distinct, rendered more so by a sharp carination on the lower part of each whorl; aperture broadly ovate, Fig. 444, within whitish; columella deeply indented; sinus small. Habitat.— Wabash River, Indiana. Observations.—One of the short, thick species, in form not unlike M. cuspidata (nobis), but differing by its sharp, cari- nated body-whorl and imbricated spire; the body-whorl is also strongly striate and obscurely ribbed; these longitudinal ribs are very faint, but sufficiently distinct at the sharp carina, near the summit of the aperture to modify its outline into a waving, subnod- nlous line.— Anthony. Figured from Mr. Anthony’s type. The longitudinal ribs alluded to by Mr. Anthony are very indistinct in his type specimen, and do not exist in other specimens; both old and young, before me. 112. G. Spillmanii, Lra. Goniobasis Spillmanii, LEA, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., p. 264, 1852. Journ. Acad. Nat. § i.. vy, pt.3. p. 302, t. 37, f. 138, March, 1863. Obs. ix, p. 134. Description — Shell smooth, fusiform, thin, greenish horn-color, Shining, without bands; spire obtusely conical; sutures linear; 224 LAND AND FRESH-WATER SHELLS OF N. A. [PART Iv. whorls about six, flattened, somewhat impressed below the sutures; aperture large, rhomboidal, diaphanous” within; outer lip acute, slightly sinuous; columella slightly bent in and thin. Habitat.— Tennessee River; W. Spillman, M.D. Diameter, :39; length, :94 of an inch. Fig . 445. Observations.—Only three specimens were received from color is very nearly the same. There is a slight disposition to angulation on the periphery of the whorls. The aperture is about four-tenths the length of the shell. I dedicate this species to Dr. Spillman, who has done so much to elucidate the natural history of the Southern States.— Lea. 113. G. pallidula, AnTrHony. Melania palliaula, ANTHONY, Ann. N. Y. Lyc. Nat. Hist., vi, p.115, t. 3, f. 15, March, 1854. BINNEY, Check List, No. 197. BRot, List, p.38. REEVE, Monog. Mela- nia, sp. 417. ‘ Description.— Shell elongate-ovate, smooth, moderately thick; of a pale, horn-color, with a faint, brown, narrow band on the Fig. 446, penult whorl, increased to two on the body-whorl, and obso- lete on the apical ones; spire obtusely elevated, with a rather convex outline and a well defined suture; whorls four re- maining, with indications of two more lost by truncation; body-whorl angulate, and rather coarsely striate longitudinally; aperture rather large, ovate, pale within, ornamented with the two bands of the body-whorl, which do not reach the outer edge, a broad, plain area intervening; columella curved, with a very slight sinus at base. Habitat.— Tennessee. Diameter, :25 (6 millim.); length, °50 of an inch (12 millim.). Length of aperture, :27 (7 millim.); breadth of aperture, -15 of an inch (4 millim.). Observations.— This is a very neat, pretty species, whose affinity with any other is not so strong as to endanger its being easily con- founded; from M. angulata (nobis) it differs in being broader, less angulated, paler in color, less elongated, and by its brown bands, that species being entirely plain.— Anthony. GONIOBASIS. 225 114. G. vicina, ANTHONY. Melania vicina, ANTHONY, Ann. N. Y. Lye. Nat. Hist., vi, p. 114, t. 3, f. 14, March, 1854. BINNEY, Check List, No. 288. Brort, List, p.39. REEVE, Monog. Mela- nia, sp. 291. Description.—Shell conical, smooth, rather thick, yellowish-brown ; spire short; whorls six, upper ones subconvex, with a brown Fig. 447. band immediately above the suture; body-whorl a little shoul- dered beneath the suture, and angulated in the middle, sur- rounded by two narrow bands, one above and the other below the angle; sutures impressed; aperture ovate, banded within; columella much curved, with hardly a perceptible sinus at base. Habitat.— Alabama. Diameter, -21 (5 millim.); length, °-45 of an inch (11 millim.). Length of aperture, ‘20 (5 millim.); breadth of aperture, :12 of an inch (3 millim.). Observations.— A small, not inelegant species, which may be com- pared with J. ovoidea, Lea, and M. depygis, Say, as its nearest con- geners. The former species I have never seen, but judging from the description this differs from it in many particulars; its form is pro- portionately broader, the bands are more distinct; the body-whorl has a distinct angle, which is also apparent on the penultimate whorl, amounting there to a carination. The aperture also is much smaller. The same particulars apply with equal force to Melania depygis, Say, the two being so nearly alike in description that the MZ. ovoidea may prove to be only a variety of Mr. Say’s depygis.— Anthony. Except in the striz not being present, the shell resembles G. rhombica, Auth. All the specimens before me are labelled * Kentucky” by Mr. Anthony. 115. G. Spartenburgensis, Lra. Goniobasis Spartenburgensis, LEA, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., p. 265, 1862. Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci., 2d ser., v, pt. 3, p. 307, t. 37, f. 147, March, 1863. Obs. ix, p. 129. Description.— Shell smooth, fusiform, rather thin, greenish horn- evlor, bright, banded or without bands; spire acutely conical, cari- nate at the apex; sutures impressed; whorls eight, flattened, aperture rather large, elongately rhomboidal, white within; outer lip acute, scarcely sinuous; columella slightly bent in, thickened below. L.F.W.S8.1Y, 15 226 LAND AND FRESH-WATER SHELLS OF N. A. [PART IV. Operculum ovate, thin, brown, with the polar point near to the base on the left margin. Habitat.—Spartanburg District, South Carolina; Prof. L. Vanuxem: Marietta, Ohio; Dr. Hildreth: Wabash River, Ind.; H. C. Grosvenor. Diameter, :23; length, :54 of an inch. Observations.—I have seven specimens from Spartanburg, seven from Marietta and two from the Wabash. This small, graceful spe- Fig. 448. cies has a wide, geographical distribution. I can see very lit- f tle difference between the specimens of the different habitats. The two from the Wabash are very much smaller and thinner, and may be much younger, but they differ in having a purplish columella which is not observable in the others. One of them has a remarkable row of brown spots under the sutures on the body- whorl. The other is without spots or bands. Usually this species has two bands; six of the seven from Marietta are two-banded. Of the seven from Spartanburg two only are double-banded. The others are without bands. The species is very nearly allied to Melania (Gon- iobasis) ovoidea (nobis), but it is more elongate and the aperture is less effuse. The aperture is not quite half the length of the shell.— Lea. I fear the specimens mentioned as from Marietta, Ohio, and Wabash River, Ind., are not distinct from depygis, Say. 116. G. Gerhardtii, Lea. Goniobasis Gerhardtii, LEA, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., p. 270, 1862. Journ. Acad. Nat. Sci., v, pt. 3, p. 330, t. 38, f. 187, March, 1863. Obs., ix, p. 152. Goniobasis infuscata, LEA, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., p. 270, 1852. Journ. Acad. Nat. Sci., v, pt. 3, p. 330, t. 38, f. 188, March, 1863. Obs. ix, p. 152. Description.—Shell carinate, fusiform, thin, shining, yellowish-green, four-banded; spire regularly conical; aperture small, rhomboidal, whitish and banded within; outer lip acute, slightly sinuous; colu- mella bent in, slightly thickened below. Operculum ovate, thin, dark brown, with the polar point on the left above the base. Habitat.—Chattanooga River, Georgia; Alexander Gerhardt: Coosa River, Alabama; Dr. Spillman. Diameter, 36; length, :72 of an inch. Obscrvations.— From the two habitats I have a number of speci- mens, nearly all of whichuare young. The largest, one of which will GONTIOBASIS. 227 be figured, were from the Smithsonian Institution, kindly sent to me by Prof. Ilenry, the Secretary, having been reccived from Mr, Gerhardt. Those from Dr. Spillman were smaller, and gen- Fig. 449. erally much darker. It is a beautiful, regular and graceful species. The young are very acutely angular, having on the periphery a very dark, raised line. There are four bands finan which are remarkably uniform, being nearly the same in every specimen. The two middle ones are close together, the upper of the two being the larger. The upper one is near to the suture above; the lower one is broad and near the base. At the base of the columella the area is usually quite yellow. A few young ones from the Coosa are without bands. In the number and position of the bands we are reminded of Melania (Goniobasis) suavis (nobis) and Melania (Goniobasis) grata, Anth., but this is a much thinner and a carinate species. The aperture is about half the length of the shell. I name this after Mr. Alexander Gerhardt, who has done much to elucidate the zoology of his district in North Georgia.— Lea. The following is the description of the adult form of this species :— Goniobasis infuscata.—Shell carinate, fusiform, rather thin, shining, dark, nearly black, three-banded; spire conical, sutures impressed ; Fig. 450. whorls about six, flattened above, the last one large; aper- ; ture rather large, rhomboidal, whitish or brown, and three- banded within; outer lip acute, slightly sinuous; columella bent in, slightly thickened below. Habitat.— Georgia; Rev. G. White: Coosa River, Alabama; Dr. Spillman. Diameter, -37; length, -82 of an inch. Observations.— A single specimen only from each of the habitats was received. That from Mr. White is the larger and is not so dark, the epidermis being olive-brown, and the interior being whitish with the three bands well defined. That from Dr. Spillman is of so dark a brown that it has the appearance of being entirely black, but in the inside, the three bands may be distinguished, but the exte- rior is totally and intensely dark. In outline it is nearly the same with Gerhardtii, herein described, but differs in the number and char- acter of the bands. The aperture is not quite half the length of the shell.— Lea. 228 LAND AND FRESH-WATER SHELLS OF N. A. [PART IV. E. Whorls very strongly carinated. 117. G. acutocarinata, Lra. Melania acutocarinata, L®A, Philos. Proc., ii, p.14, Feb., 1841. Philos. Trans., viii, p. 184, t.6,f.46. Obs. iii, p. 22. DEKAyY, Moll. N. Y.,p.99. Troost, Cat. Shells, Tenn. WHEATLEY, Cat. Shells, U. S., p.24. BINNEY, Check List, No. 5. CATLOW, Conch, Nomenc., p. 185. Bror, List, p. 36. Elimia acutocarinata, Lea, CHENU, Manuel de Conchyl.,i, f. 1979. ADAMS, Genera, i, p. 300. Melania pagodiformis, ANTHONY, Ann, N. Y. Lyc. Nat. Hist., vi, p. 106, €. 3, f. 6, March, 1854. BINNEY, Check List, No. 195. Brot, List, p.36. REEVE, Monog. Melania, sp. 260. Melania torulosa, ANTHONY, Ann. N. Y. Lyc. Nat. Hist., vi, p. 110, t.3, f. 10, March 1854. BINNEY, Check List, No. 273. Brot, List, p. 37. REEVE, Monog. Mela- nia, sp. 370. Description.— Shell carinate, conical, rather thick, shining, dark brown; spire obtusely elevated; sutures impressed; whorls six; ap- Fig. 451. Fig.452. erture rather large, elliptical, angular at base, purplish Fs within. Habitat.— Tennessee. Diameter, °30; length, 66 of an inch. Observations.—I received a single specimen only of this species. It seems to be distinct in its large carina, which ex- tends over all the whorls, but is scarcely distinct on the last. The columella is remarkably indented. The aperture is nearly one-half the length of the shell.— Lea. This shell is believed by Prof. Haldeman to be a variety of simplex, but I doubtif they are the same, as this species is acutely carinate in some specimens, smooth in others, but as it appears to me always narrowly lengthened. The following is the description of :— Melania pagodiformis.— Shell conical, thin, brownish-olive; spire obtusely elevated; whorls 7-8, smooth; the upper ones are pig. 453, surrounded by a sharp, elevated keel just above the suture; the body-whorl is angulated in the middle by two keels, of which the upper is the more prominent; sutures deeply im- pressed; aperture ovate, ending in an acute angle below, whitish within; columella rounded, produced into a narrow, but slight sinus. Habitat.— Battle Creek, Tennessee. - GONIOBASIS. 229 Diameter, -28 (7 millim.); length, 50 of an inch (13 millim.), Length of aperture, *26 (7 millim.); breadth of aperture, -14 of an inch (34 millim.). Observations.— Bears some resemblance to M. acuto-carinata, Lea, but differs from it in many particulars. It is of a much lighter color, has the carina on every whorl, the body-whorl not excepted, its columella is not remarkably indented as in that species, and it is altogether a thinner and broader shell. The aperture is generally uncolored, but some specimens present a faint tinge of violet there.— Anthony. M. torulosa, Anth., is only a variety of the above, a number of specimens before me exhibiting every gradation between the two species. The following is the description :— Melania torulosa.—Shell conic, chestnut-colored, rather thick; spire little elevated, acute; whorls 7-8, strongly carinated a little above the suture; sutures linear; aperture not large, broad, ovate, purplish within; columella regularly but not remarkably curved, with a small sinus. Habitat.— Tennessee. Diameter, -28 (7 millim.); length, °58 of an inch (15 ‘millim.). Length of aperture, :23 (6 millim): breadth of aperture, -15 of an inch (4 millim.). Observations.— But a single specimen of this species is before me, but it differs so much from all others that I cannot hesitate to place it among well established species. MM. acuto-carinata, Lea, is the only one with which it may be compared, but that species has the carina obsolete on the body-whorl, the very point where it is most remarkably developed in this; the whorls also in the WM. torulosa diminish much more rapidly to an acute apex, which in M. acuto-carinata is said to be obtusely elevated ; the W. torulosa is remarkable for its acute elevation from the broad base of the carina on the body-whorl. In the columella too of the present species there is no indentation, while in MW. acuto-carinata it is “remarkably lndented.”— Anthony. 230 LAND AND FRESH-WATER SHELLS OF N. A. [PART IY. F. Body whorl by-multiangulated. 118. G. tabulata, ANnrHony. Melania tabulata, ANTHONY, Ann. N. ¥. Lyc. Nat. Hist., vi, p. 118, t. 3, f. 18, March, 1854. BINNEY, Check List, No. 262. Brov, List, p. 39. Description.— Shell ovate-conic, smooth, thin, of a dark brown color externally; spire not remarkably elevated, with a rather con- cave outline; whorls about five, upper ones convex, penult whorl flat, body-whorl subangulated into several planes, with a distinctly Fig. 455. Fig. 455a. impressed suture; aperture rather large, ovate, within of a beautiful, reddish-purpic; columella slightly curved, indented, and with a narrow, re- curved sinus at base. Habitat.— Tennessee. Diameter, °34 (84 millim.); Iength, ‘62 of an inch (16 millim.). Length of aperture, °31 (8 millim.); breadth of aper- ture, -17 of an inch (4 millim.). Observations.—I know of no species with which this is liable to be confounded; its ample body-whorl, the broad, angular, and shelving shoulder on the body and penult whorls, while the upper ones are wanting in this character, and above all the tabulation of the penult - whorl are its most striking characteristics, and will at once distin- guish it from all other species; the lines of growth are rather coarse, curved and approximate.— Anthony. 119. G. pulcherrima, ANTHONY. Melania pulcherrima, ANTHONY, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., p. 58, Feb., 1860. BINNEY Check List, No. 222.: Brov, List, p. 37. REEVE, Monog. Melania, sp. 336, Description.— Shell conical, carinate, elevated, acute; whorls 6-8, flat, upper ones obscurely ribbed, longitudinal; body-whorl sharply angulated, with a dark brown band directly upon the carina, and two or three below it, of which one is very near the carina; upper whorls with two bands each, widely separated; sutures distinct, rendered more so by the neighboring carina; aperture ovate, within three or four banded; columella rounded and indented; sinus small. Habitat.— North Carolina. Observations. — A small, but remarkably beautiful species; its GONIOBASIS. 231 bright yellow ground, and conspicuous, dark lines give, by contrast, a lively and pleasant character to the shell. Compared with M. ni- grocincta (nobis) it is a larger species, its colors are more fig, 456, decided, and its carina is also a prominent mark of differ- ence. JM. clara (nobis) is a larger and more globose species its bands are broader, and it has no carina. It seems to be an abundant species, varying occasionally in some of its characters, but always easily recognized. More than one hundred specimens are before me.— Anthony. 120. G. subangulata, ANTHONY. Melania subangulata, ANTHONY, Ann. N. Y. Lyc. Nat. Hist., vi, p. 91, t.2, f. 9, March, 1854. BINNEY, Check List, No. 252. Brov, List, p.37. REEVE, Monog. Melania, sp. 242. Description. — Shell conical, smooth, rather thick; spire obtusely elevated; whorls about six, convex, subangulated below the middle, brown banded; sutures deeply impressed, and situated in a deep furrow formed by the inclination of two whorls towards each other at that part; lower band below the angulation, upper one midway between it and the suture above; body less angulated, with about six, reddish-brown bands, the upper and lower of which are distinct and distant, the central ones confluent, more distinct in the interior, Fig. 456a, aperture small, long-ovate, within reddish and banded; columella regularly curved, purplish, no sinus at base. Habitat.— Alabama. Diameter, 30 (74 millim.); length, °62 of an inch (17 millim.) Length of aperture, °30 (74 millim.); breadth of aperture, ‘17 of an inch (4 millim.),. Observations.— Somewhat allied to M. rufescens, Lea in general form, but that species has regularly, convex whorls and no bands, and has at least two more whorls. The number of whorls in this species cannot, however, with certainty be determined, since in all my specimens, seventy or eighty in number, every one is decollate, but the form does not indicate the loss of more than two whorls at most, and only four are present. MM. rufescens is described as having eight. A few of the specimens are irregularly and strongly striate on the body-whorl.— Anthony 232 LAND AND FRESH-WATER SHELLS OF N. A. [PART IV. 121. G. paula, Lea. Melania paula, LEA, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., p. 122, 1861. Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci., v, pt. 3, p. 244, t. 35, f. 48, March, 1863. Obs., ix, p. 66. Description.—Shell carinate, conical, thin, diaphanous, reddish horn- color; spire subelevated; sutures slightly impressed; whorls six, acutely carinate above, the last subcarinate; whorls rather small, widely elliptical, whitish within; outer lip acute; columella either whitish or reddish, obtusely angular at the base. Habitat.— Cahawba River, Alabama; E. R. Showalter, M.D. Diameter, +27; length, °66 of an inch. Observations.— A very small species, about two-thirds of an inch long. Four specimens are before me, nearly all of the same size and Fig. 457.color. This species is very closely allied to Melania (Gonio- a basis) bicincta, Anth., but it is not much more than half the : size, and the carina below that on the middle of the whorl is more indistinct. In the aperture they also differ, the bicincta having it larger and more disposed to be rhombic, and having indistinct bands within, which this has not. In all the specimens the carina is sharp. The aperture is about two-fifths the length of the shell. It reminds one also of Melania (Goniobasis) rhombica, Anth., being about the same length, but that species has a single sharp carina, with a less exserted spire and a larger mouth.— Lea. Differs from vittata, Anth., in the more rounded aperture and outer lip. 122. G. symmetrica, HaLpeman. Melania symmetrica, HALDEMAN, Monog. Lim., No. 4, p. 2 of cover, October 5, 1841. BINNEY, Check List, No. 261. Jay, Cat. 4th ed., p. 275. Brom, List, p. 35. REEVE, Monog. Melania, sp. 328. Ceriphasia symmetrica, Haldeman, ADAMS, Genera, i, p. 297. Melania imbricata, ANTHONY, Ann. N.Y. Lyc. Nat. Hist., vi, p. 105, t. 3, f. 5, March, 1854. BINNEY, Check List, No. 142. Brov, List, p.36. REEVE, Monog. Mela- nia, sp. 259. Melania bicincta, ANTHONY, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., p. 56, Feb., 1860. BINNEY, Check List, No. 31. Brot, List, p. 36. REEVE, Monog. Melania, sp. 327. Melania assimilis, ANTHONY, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., p. 60, Feb., 1860. Brot, List, p.36. REEVE, Monog. Melania, sp. 464. Melania assimilis, Lea (mistake), BINNEY, Check List, No. 22. Goniobasis Ucheénsis, LEA, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., p..270, 1862. Journ. Acad. Nat. Sci., v, pt. 3, p. 334, t. 38, f. 194, March, 1863. Obs. ix, p. 156. Goniobasis Barrattii, LEA, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., p. 271, 1862. Journ. Acad. Nat. Sci., v, pt. 3, p. 335, t. 38, f. 196, March, 1863. Obs. 9, p. 57. Goniobasis Catabea, HALDEMAN, Amer. Jour. Conch., vol. 1, No. 1, Feb. 25, 1855. GONIOBASIS. 235 Description.— Shell olivaceous, turreted, with eight or nine convex whorls, separated by a deep suture; apex carinated anterior to the middle of the whorls; aperture ovate. Habitat.— Roanoke River, Virginia. Length, { of an inch. Observations.— Less ponderous than the preceding species, MW. unci- aits, and distinguishd from M. Virginica by the carinated pig. 458, apex.— Haldeman. This is a variable species inhabiting from Virginia to Georgia, Alabama und Tennessee. In some local- ities the carinze of the body-whorl are better de- veloped, and the color differs from light to dark brown, which has caused the species-to be described several times. The largest symmetrica I have seen attains to over one inch. The following is the description of Melania imbricata. — Shell conical, nearly smooth, rather thick light horn-colored; spire elevated, but not acutely so; whorls 8-9, flat; lines of growth distinct, having almost the appearance of ribs; two lines, distant, slightly visible, surround each whorl, and from these the whorls incline towards each other to form a broad groove between them; sutures well impressed; aperture small, narrow, ovate, within whitish; columella much indented and curved, forming a slight sinus at base. Habitat.—Alabama. Diameter, °30 (8 millim.); length, -88 of an inch (23 millim.). Length of aperture, 33 (8 millim.); breadth of aperture, °21 of an inch (5 millim.). Observations.— A fine, symmetrical shell, some of its varieties ap- proaching M. sordida, Lea, in form, but differing in every other respect. The whorls enlarge regularly, and the lower raised line on the whorls being consequently more prominent; the spire has some- what an imbricated appearance, giving rise to its specific name. The specimens before me, twelve in number, are all decollate. The upper whorls are often rather prominently ribbed, and the concentric lines thereby rendered crenulous.— Anthony. It is doubtful whether this species came from Alabama, as stated above, or Georgia, as Mr. Anthony’s specimens have 234 LAND AND FRESH-WATER SHELLS OF N. A. [PART IY. the latter locality attached to the label. I do not observe the ribs mentioned by Mr. Anthony, in the numerous suite of speci- mens before me. Melania bicincta.— Shell conical, elevated ; spire very acute; whorls seven, upper ones bicarinate, and body-whorl encircled by three or four carine, the upper two of which are carinate, while the lower two are of ten stria@ merely; color dark olive-brown, very shining, Fig. 458a. and relicved by a faint or yellow, narrow band near the sut- E ure; sutures distinct; aperture ovate, and brown within; columella deeply indented. Habitat.— Tennessce. Observations.— A beautifully distinct and well marked: spe- fitly to represent. May be distinguished from MW. bella by its broader and more acute form, more distinct carination and absence of the beaded line so characteristic of that species; lines of growth con- spicuous and crowded. Differs from M. bicostata (nobis) by its less robust form, darker color and by the form of its. spire, which dimin- ishes more rapidly towards. the apex. — Anthony. All the specimens of bicincta before me, including Mr. Anthony’s type, are labelled by him ‘‘ North Carolina,” and this shell certainly belongs to a group of species character- izing that State. Metlania assimilis.— Shell small, short, conic, not thick; spire acute composed of about seven, flat whorls; sutures very distinct, of a light horn-color; aperture small, ovate, dusky within; col- Fig. 4580. umella indented; body-whorl angulated; sinus not broad, but well formed. Habitat.— Tennessee. Observations.— A small, delicate species; compared with M. pallidula (nobis) it is more slender and clevated, has a greater number of whorls, and is devoid of bands. From MM. angulata (nobis) it differs in being more slender, more carinate and having 2 more elevated spire.— Anthony. The above description applies, of course, to young shells of symmetrica, in which the carine are well developed. GONIOBASIS. 235 Goniobasis Ucheénsis.— Shell carinate, obtusely conical, rather thin, horn-color, without bands; spire obtuse; sutures impressed; whorls about six, flattened; aperture rather large, ovately rhomboidal, whit- ish within; outer lip acute, somewhat sinuous; columella bent in and somewhat twisted. Operculuni ovate, light. brown, with the polar point near to the left margin above the base. Habitat.— Little Uchee River, below Columbus, Ga.; G. Hallenbeck, Diameter, :24; length, -58 of an inch. Observations.— This is a very small species, nearly allied to Melania (Goniobasis) proxima, Say, but may be distinguished by its smaller size, its lighter color, its shorter spiré, and its having a raised Fig. 459. line above and below the carina on the upper whorls. The aper- ture is rather more than one-third the length of the shell.—Lea, Goniobasis Barrattii.— Shell carinate, subfusiform, rather thin, greenish or reddish horn-color, obscurely banded, or without bands; spire obtusely conical; sutures very much impressed ; whorls seven, slightly convex, folded at the apex; aperture rather large, subrhomboidal, whitish or obscurely banded within; outer lip acute, scarcely sinuous; columella somewhat bent in and twisted. Habitat.— Abbeville District, South Carolina; J. P. Barratt, M.D. Diameter, *25; length, °53 of an inch. Observations.— A number of specimens were sent to me by Dr. Barratt many years since. In outline all the specimens are very much the same, but they differ in some having the apical whorls obscurely plicate, while others are only carinate. All the specimens are carinate down to the last whorl. In very few specimens can the bands be seen on the outside, but usually two bands are visible on the inside near the middle. In some specimens four bands are observable. Usually the four apical whorls are obscurely plicate. The aperture is more than one- third the length of the shell. It is nearly allied to Melania (Gonio- basis) tenebrosa (nobis), but it is more slender, has higher carinz and is plicate. I dedicate this to the late Dr. Barratt, from whom I have formerly received many interesting specimens of the mollusca of South Carolina and Georgia.— Lea. Goniobasis Catawbea.— Shell short, conic, inflated; the whorls flat, the body convex, bright green polished; sutures well impressed ; whorls five or six, encircled in the middle with two raised lines; 236 LAND AND FRESH-WATER SHELLS OF N. A. | [PART IV. aperture ovate, bluish and translucent within, acuminate below; col- umella nearly straight. Some of the specimens are marked in the Fig.460a. centre of the body-whorl with two, very narrow, dark, ap- a proximate bands. Habitat.— Catawba River, near Morgantown, N. Carolina. Length, ‘63; width, 34 of an inch. Length of aperture, *3; width of aperture, -17 of an inch. Observations.— This species is nearest related to G. proxima, Say, which inhabits the same river. It is, however, a wider, more in- flated species than G. proxima.— Haldeman. 123. G. iota, ANTHONY. Melania iota, ANTHONY, Ann. Lyc. Nat. Hist., vi, p, 86, t.2, f.4, March, 1854. Brot, List, p. 36. BINNEY, Check List, No. 153. Description.— Shell conical, smooth, greenish horn-colored; spire acutely elevated; whorls about ten, lower ones convex, upper with a strong carina below the middle; sutures impressed; aperture pyri- form, small, within whitish; columella but little rounded, Fig. 4609. not indented; sinus very small. a Habitat.— it Diameter, -25 (6 millim.); length, 78 of an inch (20 mil- lim.). Length of aperture, -26 (7 millim.); breadth of aper- ture, °15 of an inch (4 millim.). Observations.— A beautiful, slender, graceful species, in form not unlike M. percarinata, Con., and perangulata, Con., but differs from both in coloring, in the want of a crenulated or beaded line on the volutions, and in other respects. The upper whorls are often ob- scurely folded down to the carina on each, where they are arrested; below the carina the whorls shelve towards the suture, which thus becomes situated in a deep furrow. It cannot be confounded with M. elevata, Say, which has flat whorls, a dark epidermis, and a totally different aperture. The columella of the present species is faintly tinged with purple. I am not quite sure as to the habitat of this species, but think it an Ohio shell.—Anthony. 124. G. nigrocincta, ANTHONY. Melania nigrocincta, ANTHONY, Ann. N. Y. Lye. Nat. Hist., vi, p. 90, t.2, f. 8, March, 1854. Brot, List, p.36. BINNEY, Check List. Description.— Shell conical, smooth, not much or acutely elevated ; GONIOBASIS. 237 thin, brown; whorls about six, subconvex, often slightly angulated near the suture below; sutures impressed; body-whorl not large, a little angulated, ornamented with four very dark bands, the upper and lower of which are distant, and the central ones approximate or confluent; aperture somewhat large, elliptical, banded within; columella regularly but not remarkably curved or indented, with a small sinus. Habitat.— Tennessee. Diameter, -27 (7 millim.); length, *58 of an inch (15 millim.). Length of aperture, ‘27 (7 millim.); breadth of aperture, :15 of an inch (4 millim.). Observations.— A rather small species, which when once seen, will readily be recognized afterwards. Compares with WM. sub- Fig. 461. angulata (nobis); it is less robust, more acute, and the ; bands are of a totally different character, the texture is quite thin, and the dark bands are distinctly seen in the aperture, through the substance of the shell. It has some- what of the club-shaped form of that group of shells of which &M. claveformis, Lea, and J. castanea, Lea, are members, but is more angular, and its dark bands and thin texture are prominent differ- ences.— Anthony. *This may equal quadricincta, Lea, young. 125. G. tecta, ANTHONY. Melania tecta, ANTHONY, Ann. N. Y. Lyc. Nat. Hist., vi, p, 105, t. 3, f. 4, March, 1854. BinNeEY, Check List, No. 265. Brot, List, p.37. REEVE, Monog. Mela- nia, sp. 253. Goniobasis macella, LEA, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., p. 270, 1862. Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci., V, pt. 3, p. 333, t. 38, f. 192, March, 1863. Obs., ix, p. 155. Description.— Shell conical, thin, brown; spire elevated; whorls 7-8, flat, with a distinct, but not elevated carina on each at its lower Fig. 462, edge, near the suture; sutures very deeply impressed; ap- : erture oval, within reddish and lightly banded; columella curved, sinus small. Habitat.— Ohio. Diameter, +26 (64 millim.); length, ‘60 of an inch (15 mil- lim.). Length of aperture, :23 (6 millim.); breadth of aperture, ‘14 of an inch (34 millim.). O»servations.— May be compared with I. pulchella, Anth., but, is 238 LAND AND FRESH-WATER SHELLS OF N. A. [PART IV. readily distinguishable by its more slender proportions, thinner text- ure, lighter color, and above all by its peculiarly shaped whorls, which, increasing regularly, and being carinate at their bases, have somewhat the appearance of the roof of a house, hence its name. Lines of growth distinct; one or two indistinct, narrow bands are often visible on the shell; a very neat and graceful species.— Anthony. The following is the description of macella, which, notwith- standing the wide difference of habitat, appears to be the same in every respect as tecta :-— Goniobasis macella.— Shell carinate, awl-shaped, thin, olivaceous, without bands; spire subattenuate; sutures very much impressed; Fig. 463. whorls seven, somewhat convex; aperture very small, sub- rhomboidal, whitish within; spotted at the base; outer lip acute; slightly sinuous; columella bent in and slightly twisted. Operculum ovate, thin, light brown, with the polar point well in from the left of margin. Tlabitat.— Coosa River, Alabama; Prof. Brumby. Diameter, -22; length, -62 of an inch. Observations. — This is a little species received from Professor Brumby a long time since. It is closely allied to rubella, herein described, but differs in being somewhat smaller, in color, in having rather flatter whorls and in having a brown, elongate spot at the base of the columella inside. The few specimens before me are minutely veined on the lower whorl. The upper whorls are carinate and substriate. The aperture is about one-fourth the Jength of the shell.— Lea. 126. G. hybrida, ANTHONY. Melania hybrida, ANTHONY, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., p. 60, Feb., 1860. BINNEY, Check List, No. 140. Brot, List, p. 36. Melania subcarinata, Anthony, REEVE, Monog. Melania, sp. 282. Description.— Shell conical, elevated, nearly smooth, horn-colored ; whorls 8-9, upper ones carinated deeply, lower ones entirely smooth; color reddish-brown, or dark horn-color; sutures distinctly impressed ; aperture small, ovate, tinged with rose-color or violet within; colu- mella rounded, but not deeply indented; sinus small. k Tlabitat. — Tennessee. Observations. — A neat, pretty species, with no very strong, dis- GONIOBASIS. 239 tinctive characters; from intertexta (nobis), which it somewhat re- sembles, it may be distinguished by its less acute form, less Fig. 464. numerous whorls, and by its want of reticulated surface so peculiar to that species. Bears some resemblance to M. bella, Con., but differs in form of outline and aperture, and has no beaded line; is also more elevated than MM. bella.— Anthony. This species differs from symmetrica in being more cylin- drical, with the whorls more flattened. 127. G. fuscocincta, ANTHONY. Melania fuscocincta, ANTHONY, Ann. N.Y. Lyc. Nat. Hist., vi, p. 120, t. 3, f. 20) March, 1854. BINNEY, Check List, No. 118. Brot, List, p.40. REEVE, Monog. Melania, sp. 415. Description.— Shell ovate, smooth, moderately thick; spire very short, consisting of 4-5 nearly flat whorls, with a broad, dark brown Fig. 465. band revolving in the centre of each; body-whorl large, with one band above the middle, and another at base, sub- angulated; sutures irregularly impressed, distinct; colu- mella well rounded, indented and reflected at the middle so as partially to conceal a small, umbilical opening; aperture large, broad, ovate, within banded. Habitat. —Alabama. Diameter, °30 (74 millim.); length, -44 of an inch (11 millim.). Length of aperture, *25 (6 millim.); breadth of aperture, -17 of an inch (4 millim.). -Observations.—A short shell almost like an anculosa ; a single speci- men only is before me, but is too remarkable to be confounded with any known species. The uncommonly broad, dark band, surrounded by the generally yellow epidermis, gives it a lively appearance.— Anthony. Figured from Mr. Anthony’s type. 128. G. congesta, Conran. Melania congesta, CONRAD, Amer. Jour. Sci., lst ser. xxv, p. 343, Jan.. 1834, DEKayY, Moll. N. Y., p. 96. WHEATLEY, Cat. Shells U. S., p. 24. BINNEY, Check List, No. 64. JAY, Cat., 4th edit, p. 273. Brot, List, p. 36. MULLER, Synopsis, p. 43. Description.— Shell subulate, with about nine volutions, the lower ones obscurely angulated, those of the spire becoming acutely cari- 240 LAND AND FRESH-WATER SHELLS OF N. A. [PART Iv. nated towards the apex; suture well defined; body-whorl obscurely subangulated; aperture longitudinal, elliptical.— Conrad. This species is unknown to me and has not been figured. G. Short clavate, smooth species. 129. G, auriculeeformis, Lra. Melania auriculeformis, LEA, Philos. Proc., iv, p. 166. Philos. Trans. x, p. 62, t. 9, f.39. Obs., iv, p. 62, t.9,f.39. BINNEY, Check List, No. 24. Brot, List, p-. 32. REEVE, Monog. Melania, sp. 409. Megara auriculeformis, Lea, ADAMS, Genera, i, p. 306. Description.— Shell smooth, elliptical, rather thin, yellow; sutures impressed; whorls six, slightly convex; aperture elongate, contracted, \aoF at the base rounded, within whitish. Fig. 466. Habitat.— Tuscaloosa, Alabama. Diameter, °24; length, :45 of an inch. Observations.— This species has very much the aspect of an auricula. It is a very regularly formed and pretty shell, with a smooth, yellow, polished epidermis. The aperture is about two-thirds the length of the shell, regularly rounded below and angu- lar above, where there is a good deal of nacreous matter deposited.— Lea. This shell reminds one of a small olivula, Con., but it differs in texture from that species. The figure is copied from Mr. | Lea’s plate. 130. G. Nickliniana, Lea. Melania Nickliniana, LEA, Philos. Proc., ii, p. 12, Feb., 1841. Philos. Trans., viii p. 171, t. 5, f. 18. Obs. iii, p. 9. DEKAY, Moll. N. Y., p. 95. REEVE, Monog. Melania, sp. 375. WHEATLEY, Cat. Shells U. S., p. 26. CarLow, Conch. Nomenc., p. 187. Leptoxis Nickliniana, Lea, BINNEY, Check List, No. 371. ADAMS, Genera, i, p. 307. Description. — Shell smooth, obtusely conical, solid, very dark; sut- ures impressed; whorls six, slightly convex; aperture large, some- what rounded, within purple. Habitat.—Bath County, Virginia; P. H. Nicklin. Diameter, :27; length, 45 of an inch. i 7 GONIOBASIS. DLL Observations.—This is a robust, small species which seems not to have been before noticed. It was found by Mr. Nicklin Pig. 467. Fig.468. in a small stream of cold water at the Hot Springs in Virginia. It is amongst the smallest species I have seen. The purple color of the interior of most of the specimens gives the shell a very dark appearance. I owe to the kindness of Mr. Nicklin, to whom I dedicate it, the possession of several specimens of this species.— Lea. 131. G. aterina, Lra. Goniobasis aterina, LEA, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., p. 155, May, 1863. Description. — Shell smooth, subfusiform, black or greenish-black, Fig. 469, thick; spire obtuse; sutures regularly impressed; whorls six, convex; aperture rather large, subovate, within purple, aliquanto? white; lip acute, vix? sinuated; columella inflected, purple, thickened and contorted. Habitat.— Gap Spring, Cumberland: Gap and Rogers’ Spring, west of Fincastle, East Tennessee; Capt. S. S. Lyon, U. S. Army.— Lea. Resembles ebenwm, Lea, in color and texture, but is a smaller, narrower species, more angulate at the periphery. It is not an uncommon species. 132. G. Binneyana, Lea. Goniobasis Binneyana, LEA, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., p. 266, 1862. Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci., v, pt. 3, p. 310, t. 37, f. 152, March, 1863. Obs., ix, p. 132, Description.— Shell smooth, obtusely fusiform, rather thin, very much inflated, dark olive, obscurely banded; spire depressed; sutures impressed; whorls five, flattened above, the last one ventricose; ap- erture very large, subovate, dark within; outer lip acute, slightly sinuous; columella thickened, spotted at the base. Habitat.—Coosa River, Alabama; Wm. Spillman, M.D. Diameter, -29; length, °53 of an inch. Observations.— Only two specimens were received from Dr. Wm. Spillman. The smaller one is rather the thicker. It has very Fig.470. much the outline of Lithasia Showalterii (nobis), and at first é I thought it was only a variety of that species, but the absence § of a callus above and below on the columella, and a channel at . the base preclude its being a Lithasia. It is nearly allied to Melania LF. W. 8. Iv. 16 242 LAND AND FRESH-WATER SHELLS OF N. A. [PART IY. (Gonivbasis) fusiformis (nobis), but differs in being more ovate, in having a shorter spire, larger aperture, and in being of a darker color. The aperture is more than half the length of the shell. I dedicate this species to Mr. W. G. Binney, who has done so much to elucidate American conchology.—Lea. This species may be distinguished from the following by its more oval form, and by the lip being less expanded. 133. G. ebenum, Lra. Melania ebenum, LEA, Philos. Proc., ii, p. 12, Feb., 1841. Philos. Trans., viii, p. 166, t.5,f. 7. Obs., iii, p. 4. DrKay, Moll. New York, p. 93. JAY, Cat., 4th edit., p.273. BINNEY, Check List, No. 93. Troost, Cat. Shells Tenn. WHEATLEY, Cat. Shells U.S., p. 25. REEVE, Monog. Melania, sp. 350. CATLOW Conch. Nomenc., p.186. Bror, List, p. 31. Anculotus ebenum, Lea, REEVE, Monog. Anculotus, t.4, f. 31. Nitocris ebena, Lea, ADAMS, Genera, i, -p. 308. Description.— Shell smooth, obtusely conical, thick, black; spire ob- Fig. 471. Fig. 472. tuse; sutures small; whorls somewhat convex; aper- ture rather large, ovate, subangular at base, within ‘ purplish. Habitat.—Robinson County, Tennessee; Dr. Currey. Diameter, °20; length, °47 of an inch. Observations. — A very dark colored and rather robust species. It resembles J. tenebrosa, herein described, but differs in having the whorls rather more convex, and in the outer lip being more curved. Ali the specimens received had the apex eroded, the number of whorls is therefore not ascertained; the aperture is more than one- third the length of the shell. It is usually purplish on the whole of the inside of the aperture. Some of the specimens are, however, bluish.— Lea. 134. G. Vauxiana, Lea. Goniobasis Vauxiana, LEA, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., p. 265, 1862. Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci., v, pt. 3, p. 309, t. 37, f. 150, March, 1863. Obs., ix, p. 131. Description.— Shell smooth, fusiform, rather thin, green; spire very obtuse; sutures somewhat impressed; whorls five, flattened, carinate above; aperture very large, widely rhomboidal; outer lip acute, straight; columella somewhat bent in. Habitat.— Coosa River, Alabama. GONIOBASIS. 243 Diameter, :31; length, 58 of an inch. Observations.— Two specimens were sent to me many years since by Prof. Brumby, and I then considered them to be a variety of Mela- nia (Gontobasis) Nickliniana (nobis). They differ, however, in being more angular at the base of the aperture, in being thinner, and in having the upper whorls carinate. The two Specimens before me are different in the color and markings. The one from which the diagnosis is made is of a darker green and has not four well defined bands like the other, but it has two broad, indistinct ones above and below, and the lower half of the columella is purplish. The aperture is more than half the length of the shell. I dedicate this species to my friend, W. S. Vaux, Esq., who has done so much to promote the objects of our Academy.—Lea. 135. G. larveeformis, Lra. Melania larveformis, LEA, MSS. REEVE, Monog. Melania, sp. 357, Dec., 1860. Brot, List, p. 38. Description. — Shell conically ovate, olive; whorls six to seven, Fig. 474, Smooth, the first few minutely keeled; aperture ovate. ; (Lea, manuscript in Museum Cuming.) Habitat.— United States. Observations.— Of few whorls, convex and smooth, but yet minutely keeled near the apex.— Reeve. This species is certainly very closely allied to ebenwm or Vauziana, but I am unable to decide whether it is identical with either of them or not. 136. G. auricoma, LEA. Goniobasis auricoma, LEA, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., p. 265, 1862. Jour. Acad. Nat, Sci., v, pt. 3, p. 308, t. 37, f. 148, March, 1863. Obs., ix, p. 130. Description. — Shell smooth, fusiform, rather thin, honey-yellow, banded; spire very obtuse; sutures linear; whorls five, scarcely con- vex; aperture very large, subrhomboidal, yellowish within; outer lip acute, scarcely sinuous; columella bent in and slightly thickened. Habitat.— Tennessee River; Wm. Spillman, M.D. Diameter, :25; length, -46 of an inch. Observations.— A single specimen only of this little species was 244 LAND AND FRESH-WATER SHELLS OF N. A. [PART IV. received among a large number of mollusca from Dr. Spillman. It reminds one of Melania (Goniobasis) corneola, Anth., but it is a large Fig. 475. and more robust species, and has not the plice of that species. It has also affinities to Melania (Goniobasis) fusiformis (nobis), but differs in color, has a higher spire and a less incurved col- umella. The specimen of auricoma before me has four bands, the three lower ones are broad, equidistant and not very distinct. The upper one is more distant and very indistinct. Under the micro- scope may be observed in this specimen numerous, very minute, im- pressed revolving lines. The aperture is little more than half the length of the shell.— Lea. 137. G. glabra, Lra. Melania glabra, LEA, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., ii, p. 82, Oct., 1841. Philos. Trans., ix, p.18. Obs., iv, p. 18. WHEATLEY, Cat. Shells U.S., p. 25. BINNEY, Check List, No. 123. Brot, List, p. 38. REEVE, Monog. Melania, sp. 439. Description. — Shell smooth, conical, rather thin, shining, dark chestnut color; spire rather elevated; sutures slightly impressed; whorls rather flattened; aperture elongated, trapezoidal, purplish within; columella incurved. Habitat.— Holston River, East Tennessee. Diameter, °32; length, °70 of an inch. Observations.— The apex in all the specimens before me is slightly eroded, and therefore the number of the whorls cannot be Fig. 476. accurately ascertained ; it may besix or seven. ‘The aperture is more than one-third the length of the shell. The superior whorls are disposed to be carinate, and below the sutures the color is lighter. The columella is much incurved. Within the aperture, indistinct, confluent bands may be observed. These are scarcely observable without, but give the shell a very dark aspect, somewhat like M. rufa (nobis). It is very different, however, in form from that species.— Zea. 138. G. gibbosa, Lra. Melania gibbosa, LEA, Philos. Proc., ii, p. 34, April, 1841. Philos. Trans., x, p. 301, t. 30, f.12. Obs., v, p. 57, t. 30,f. 12. Binney, Check List, No. 121. Broz, List, p. 40. Description.— Shell smooth, obtusely conical, gibbous, subfusiform, rather thin, greenish horn-color; spire obtuse; sutures irregularly GONIOBASIS. 245 impressed; whorls five, somewhat convex; aperture large, elliptical, within double banded; columella rubiginose, thickened, flattened, im- pressed and much curved. Habitat.— Scioto River, Ohio. Diameter, °25; length, °43 of an inch. This is a small, very remarkable species. There is a slight depres- sion above the middle of the whorl, which gives it a somewhat gibbous form. The most unusual character pertaining to this species is, however, the very flat and impressed columella, more im- pig, 477, pressed at the point of the umbilical region. The columella on the upper part of these two specimens is not thickened, but it is of a dark brown color, and being also dark below the color extends to the outer side of the whorl, and there makes two rather indistinct bands. In outline it is allied to IZ fusiformis (nobis), but they differ entirely in the columella and in the length of the aper- ture. The aperture is rather more than one-half the length of the shell. I have had some doubts of the Scioto being the real habitat of this shell; but Mr. Wheatley says it was sent from thence to him. It seems to have a more southern aspect.— Lea. 139. G. graminea, HaLpDEMAN, Goniobasis graminea, HALD., American Journ, Conch., i, 37, t. 1, f. 4, 1865. Description. — Shell fusiform, short, inflated; spire very obtuse; surface smooth, polished, brilliant green, with a light yellow, sutural band; spire brownish; whorls five, somewhat convex; aperture large, Fig. 478. rhomboidal, somewhat angular below, bluish within; colu- 5 mella somewhat curved, tinged with brown. Habitat.— Unknown. Diameter, °3; length, ‘56 of an inch. Aperture, -3; diam- eter, °2 of an inch. Observations.— This shell is very closely allied to G. Vauxiana, Lea; but that species is banded, and the spire is carinated; it has not the light sutural band which distinguishes graminea-— Haldeman. 140. G. cognata, ANTHONY. Melania cognata, ANTHONY, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., p. 60, Feb., 1860. BINNEY, Check List, No. 59. Brot, List, p. 39. REEVE, Monog. Melania, sp. 458. Description.— Shell ovate, short, smooth, moderately thick; spire 246 LAND AND FRESH-WATER SHELLS OF N. A. [PART Iv. obtusely elevated, consisting of 5-G convex whorls; color brownish- yellow, with three dark brown bands about the middle of the body- whorl, and one very obscure one at the suture; suture deeply impressed; aperture broad, ovate, not large, exhibiting the bands inside; columella deeply rounded, indented and callous; sinus none. Habitat.— Tennessee. Observations.— A short, pretty species with no very marked char- acters, though easily recognized as distinct on examination; in form and coloring somewhat like Jf. compacta (nobis), but far less. ‘solid and heavy than that species; the spire is more ele- vated and acute and the surface smooth. It most nearly resembles, perhaps, MW. coronilla (nobis), but is less elevated and has not the peculiar crowning ribs of that species, which is suf- ficient at once to distinguish it. It is also more robust.— Anthony. Figured from Mr. Anthony’s type specimen. Much more inflated and shorter than G. Georgiana, Lea. It also differs from that species in possessing two bands only. 141. G. Georgiana, Lea. Goniobasis Georgiana, LEA, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., p. 265, 1862. Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci., v, pt. 3, p. 308, t.37, f. 148. Obs., ix, p. 130. Description.— Shell smooth, fusiform, inflated, rather thick, yellow- — ish, bright, banded; spire very obtuse; sutures impressed; whorls five, convex; aperture large, subrhomboidal, whitish and banded within; outer lip acute, straight; columella bent in, thickened and somewhat twisted. Operculum subovate, dark brown, with the polar point near to the base on the left margin. Habitat.— North Georgia. Diameter, *26; length, °57 of an inch. Observations. — Among a number of Melanide from the Smithsonian Institution, were two small specimens which have the same outline and same form of aperture, but which differ much in color. Fig. 480, That which is described above seems to me to be the normal = character and will serve as the type. This has three well defined bands, the middle one of which is the broadest, and . it has a character which I have not seen in any of our Melanide, that is, longitudinal, whitish maculations, which are dispersed over the GONIOBASIS. 247 body-whorl, and seem under the microscope to be slightly raised on the surface. The second specimen is horn-color and has no bands. In outline this species is closely allied to Melania (Goniobasis) Nick- liniana (nobis), but is not so pointed at the apex, is not so inflated in the body-whorl, and differs in color. The aperture is quite half the length of the shell.— Lea. 142. G. depygis, Say. = Melania depygis, SAY, New Harmony Disseminator, p.291. SAy’s Reprint, p. 19. Am. Conchology, Part 1, t. 8, f. 4,5. BINNEY’s Reprint, pp. 145 and 157, t. 8. BINNEY, Check List, No. 87. LAPHAM, Cat. Moll. Wisconsin. KIRTLAND, Am. Jour. Sci. KIRTLAND, Rep. Zool., Ohio, p. 174. SHAFFER, Catalogue. HiIG- GINS, Catalogue. ANTHONY, List, 1st and 2d edit. SAGER, Rept. Michigan Moll., p. 15. WHEATLEY, Cat. Shells U.S., p.25. DEKaAy, Moll. N.Y., p. $9, t. 7, f.135. STIMPSON, Shells of New England, p. 32. Jay, Cat. Shells, 4th edit., p.273. ApAms, Am. Jour. Sci., xl, p. 366. Adams, THOMPSON’s Hist. Vermont, p. 152. CaTiLow, Conch. Nomenc., p. 186. Brot, List, p. 37. DESHAYES, La- mark, Anim. sans. Vert., viii, p. 441. REEVE, Monog. Melania, sp. 373. Potadoma depygis, Say, ADAMS, Genera i, p. 298. Melania occulta, ANTHONY, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., p. 5, Feb., 1860. Binney, Check List, No. 185. Brot, List, p.38. REEVE, Monog. Melania, sp. 254, Description.— Shell oblong, conic-ovate, not remarkably thickened; spire as long as the aperture, or rather longer, often much eroded, with a broad, revolving, rufous line near the suture, occupying a con- siderable portion of the surface; whorls about five, Fig. 481. Fig. 482. hardly rounded; suture moderately impressed; body- whorl yellowish, with two rufous, revolving lines equidistant from the suture, base and each other, the superior one broader, and its locality a little flatter than the general curvature; aperture ovate, acute above, moderately dilated; labium with calcareous deposit, particularly above; labrum not projecting near the base, nor arquated near its junction with the second volution; base regularly rounded. Observations.—I found this species, in great abundance, on the rocky flats at the Falls of the Ohio, where they were left by the subsiding of the river, in company with numerous other shells. In old specimens the spire is very much eroded, exhibiting a white, irreg- ular surface. It varies a little in color, and a few occurred, of which the color is fuscous, the bands being obsolete.—Say. The following description is founded on elongated speci- mens of depygis, of which it is undoubtedly a synonyme. Melania occulta.— Shell conic, smooth, rather thin; color lemon- 248 LAND AND FRESH-WATER SHELLS OF N. A. [PART IY. yellow, inclining to brown, with a darker brown band on each whorl, increasing to two on the body-whorl; whorls 7-8, rather convex; suture deeply impressed; aperture ovate, within dusky-white, with Fig. 482a. the outer bands seen faintly through its substance; colu- mella beautifully rounded; outer lip produced, a small sinus at base. Habitat.— Wisconsin. Observations.—A very beautiful and lively species. Bears some resemblance to M. pulchella (nobis), but is elongate, more delicately colored, and of a less solid texture; the bands are ; often obsolete, and never so distinctly expressed as in pulchella; its ; spire is also more acute, and the whorls more rounded. Compared with J. brevispira (nobis), which in form it resembles, it is more attenuate, has a greater number of whorls, and its bands also distin- guish it. Its delicate yellow color also is not a common character in the genus, and forms a prominent mark for determination.—roadly inflated and rounded below, and in the whorls being rounded instead of slanting, varies much in itself; so muck so in fact as to have caused marked specimens to be described as new species. Among these, the first is A. elegans, Anthony, ot which the following is the description :— Anculosa elegans.—Shell subglobose, smooth, thick; spire de- pressed, consisting of 3-4 flat whorls; color fine, glossy, dark yellow, ornamented with darker bands, of which five are on the body-whorl; aperture obliquely ovate and banded within; columella deeply curved, with a very callous deposit; sinus very small. Habitat.— Alabama. Observations.— A highly ornamental species, which cannot be com- pared with any other; its bands on a yellow ground render it very lively; it is heavier and smoother than A. ampla (nobis), not so broad in the aperture, and far more beautiful; neither is it so much shouldered as that species.—Anthony. An examination of numerous specimens convinces me that ampla and elegans are only variations of one species. The figures given are all drawn from type specimens. The figure published by Mr. Lea of his A. formosa, which is herein copied, is a young ampla in form, only differing from the type speci- mens of that shell in the maculations, but I figure one of the Pam shells mentioned by Mr. Lea in his description, which, on account of the very light color, impressed lines and macu- lations, may remain under the name of formosa as a variety. The following is Mr. Lea’s description :— Anculosa formosa.— Shell smooth, globose, rather thin, semi-trans- parent, yellowish or saffron color, very much banded and maculate ; Spire depressed, scarcely conspicuous; sutures depressed; whorls three, the last large and very ventricose; aperture large, rounded; within pale saffron, with dark bands; columella thickened below and above and pale purple; outer lip sharp and very much expanded. Operculum small, thin, with the polar point below the centre towards the inner edge. 414 LAND AND FRESH-WATER SHELLS OF N. A. [PART IV. Habitat.— Coosa River, Shelby County, Alabama. Diameter. 3S: length, -44 of an inch. Ooscrvations.— I have three specimens before me of this very beau- tiful species. While it has much resemblance to the rounded varieties o. that protean species, prerosa, Say, it may be distinguished by its being still more globose than its most globose varieties, by its del- icacy, smoothness and brilliancy. Dr. S. says in his letter that he thinks it decidedly distinct from all others he has out of many thou- sands, and that ‘‘it is more rotund than any other.” The largest specimen is four-fifths of an inch long, has four well-marked, con- tinuous bands, with rows of maculation between them. The middle- aged specimen is quite saffron, has the same number of bands witb the rows of maculation, but these bands are somewhat broken up, and the maculations are not so regular. In the third, the youngest one, the maculations are almost entirely absent. The largest speci- men has a number of impressed, revolving lines, stronger towards the base. The description of the operculum is made from the middle-aged, the only one which £3 accompanied the three, and in the older ones this Fig. 826. Fig. 827. may differ much. In all the specimens before me, the upper whorls are almost entirely covered by the last one. In the full grown one, the deep color of the upper band on the inside continues over on to the callus of the columella. Two other specimens accompanying these are considered by Dr. S. to be the same. They are apparently about half-grown. They differ slightly in form, and totally in the colored bands, which in these specimens are replaced over the whole surface with oblong maculations which, at the upper portion of the whorl, run together, and form an irregular, longitudinal band between low plications. I have been disposed to think that these two specimens may prove to be varieties of picta, Conrad, which puts on so many various kinds of bands, but the form is more globose than any picta I have seen. The aperture is nearly the whole of the length of the shell. Two adult specimens, received since the above was written, have coarse, transverse striz and one is without any colored bands, the whole surface being a yellowish horn-color. The aperture is about five-sixths the length of the shell.—Zea. ANCULOSA. 415 21. A. zebra, ANTHONY. Anculosa zebra, ANTHONY, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., p.69, Feb., 1860. Anculotus zebra, Anthony, REEVE, Monog.. t. 6, f. 52. Leptoxis zebra, Anthony, BINNEY, Check List, No. 398. Brot, List, p. 26. Description.— Shell subglobose, smooth, moderately thick; spire obtusely elevated, but slightly decorticated, and composed of four convex whorls; sutures distinctly impressed; aperture broad, ovate, within bluish, with the epidermal colors seen faintly through; colu- mella rounded, covered with callus, which is thickened at the upper part. Habitat.— Alabama. Observations.— This species presents an appearance not often seen in the genus, by its mottled, variegated epidermis; the general ground color is gamboge yellow, but it is varied by frig, gos, blotches of very dark brown or reddish, often running into diagonal lines, which gives the shell a very lively and pleasant look. Only one other species is described as being similarly marked, viz.: A. flammata, Lea; that species I have never seen, but the description does not warrant me in con- sidering the two identical. In old specimens the spire is often pro- duced and somewhat nodulous, while the longitudinal bands become broken into irregular lines, so interrupted as to become scarcely more than quadrangular spots; it is one of our most beautiful spe- cies. About a dozen specimens are before me.— Anthony. This species resembles A. picta, Conrad, particularly that variety described by Mr. Lea as flammata, so much, that its specific distinction may be considered doubtful. 22, ASILIDAE, TE *saffrana Fabricius, System. Antl. 160, 18; (Zaphria) ; Wiedemann, Dipt. Exot. I, 234, 4 (éd.); Auss. Zw. I, 504, 9 (id.). — Carolina (Fab.); Georgia (Wied.). *thoracica Fabricius, Syst. Antl. 158, 10 (Laphria; in the erratum the name is changed for L. fulvithorax) ; Wiedemann, Dipt. Exot. I, 236, 8 (Laphria); Auss. Zw. I, 511, 21 (éd.; Wiedemann does - not adopt the change of name, proposed by Fabricius in erratis and |. c. states the reason); Macquart, Dipt. Exot. 1, 2, 68, 14 (Laphria). — North America (Fab.); also in the West Indies (Macq.). Laphria Aleanor Walker, List, etc. Il, 383 (!). (4). Laphria affinis Macquart, Dipt. Exot. 5¢ Suppl., 54, 45. — Balti- more. (774). *tergissa Say, J. Acad. Phil. III, 74, 5; Compl. Wr. II, 67 (Laphria); Wiedemann, Auss. Zw. I, 502 5 (id.). — Pennsylvania (Say). Laphria grossa Fabricius, Spec. Ins. 11,460, 1; System. Antl. 153, 1. (77%). Laphria analis Macquart, Dipt. Exot. J, 2, 68, 15. (778). Laphria flavibarbis Harris, Ins. N. Engl. 34 edit. 604. 777). *astur O. Sacken, Western Dipt. 285. — California, common. *columbica Walker, in Lord’s Naturalist etc. 11, 3888! (Laphria); de- scription reproduced in O. Sacken, Western Diptera, 285. — Vancouver's Island. *fascipennis Macquart, Hist. Nat. Dipt. I, 284, 20 (Laphria). — Ca- yenne (Macq.); Central America (Loew). . Laphria praepotens Macquart, Dipt. Exot. Suppl. 1, 74. — (Loew in litt). According to Schiner, Novara etc. 172, this species is a Dasyllis. Observation. The Laphria flavipila Macquart, Hist. Nat. Dipt. 1, 282, 8, United States, is omitted in the above list, as it is impossible to make out, what it is. Pogonosoma. Rondani, Dipt. it. Prodr. J, 160; 1856. *dorsata Say, Amer. Entom. I, Tab. VI (Laphria); Wiedemann, Auss. Zw. I, 506, 12 (id.). — Pennsylvania (Say). melanoptera Wiedemann, Auss. Zw. I, 514, 26 (Laphria). — Patria unknown (Wied.); South Carolina (Schiner, Verh. Z. B. Ges. 1466, 707; it is not explained however on what authority this state- ment is made, which is the more singular, as 1. c. 691, Dr. Schiner states that the species is unknown to him). Laphria. (*) Meigen, in Illiger’s Magaz. II, 1803. *Aeatus Walker, List, etc. II, 381. — Nova Scotia; Huds. B. Terr (Walk.); White Mts., N. H. *) Several of the species mentioned here as Laphriae, probably belong to Dasyllis. 76 ASILIDAE. *bilineata Walker, List, etc. IV, 1156. — Huds. B. Terr. (Walker); Canada; Colorado (M. C. Z.). carolinensis Schiner, Verh. Zool. Bot. Ges. 1867, 380. — Carolina. flavescens Macquart, Dipt. Exot. I, 2, 69, 16. — Pyrenees in Europe and Carolina in North America (Macquart’s statement). georgina Wiedemann, Dipt. Exot. 1, 235, 6; Auss. Zw. I, 506. — Savannah. lasipus Wiedemann, Auss. Zw. I, 502, 6 (lasipes, in erratis lastpus). — Kentucky. : melanogaster Wiedemann, Dipt. Exot. I, 236, 7; Auss. Zw. I, 507, 14; Macquart, Dipt. Exot. ler Suppl., 75, 380. — Savannah and Mexico (Wied.); Texas (Macq.). *Sadales Walker, List, etc. Il, 373. — New York (Walk.); White Mis: NH. *sericea Say, J. Acad. Phil. III, 74, 4; Amer. Entom. I, Tab? VI; Wiede- mann, Auss. Zw. I, 508, 16. — United States (Say). terrae noyae Macquart, Dipt. Exot. I, 2, 69, 18. — Newfoundland. *rapax O. Sacken, Western Diptera, 286. — Sierra Nevada, Cal. *vultur O. Sacken, Western Diptera, 286. — California. Amandus Walker, List, etc. II, 8373. — Guatemala. componens Walker, Trans. Entom. Soc. N. Ser. V, 281. — Mexico. homopoda Bellardi, Saggio, etc. App. 20, f. 16. — Mexico. triligata Walker, Trans. Ent. Soc. N. Ser. V, 281. — Mexico. Olbus Walker, List, etc. II, 375; Macquart, Dipt. Exot. 5e Suppl. 53; Tab. Il, f. 3. — Guatemala (Walk.); Honduras (Macq.). Pseudorus. Walker, Dipt. Saund. 103; 1850—56. bicolor Bellardi, Saggio, etc. I, 11; Tab. J; f. 20. — Mexico. Lampria. Macquart, Dipt. Exot. I, 2, 60; 1838. *bicolor Wiedemann, Auss. Zw. I. 522, 40 (Laphria). — Patria un- known (Wied.). — Middle and Southern States. Laphria saniosa Say, J. Acad. Phil. VI, 158; Compl. Wr. II, 355. Laphria Antaea Walker, List, etc. Il, 379 and VII, 527 (=,,saniosa Say?“ Walk.). Laphria megacera Macquart, Hist. Nat. Dipt. I, 284, 18 (!). *rubriventris Macquart, Hist. Nat. Dipt. 1, 284, 19 (Laphria). — Philadelphia (Macq.); Texas. (278). *felis O. Sacken, Western Diptera, 286. — Sierra Nevada, Cal. circumdata Bellardi, Saggio, etc. II, 15; Tab. I, f. 17. — Mexico. elayipes Fabricius, Syst. Antl. 162,27 (Laphria); Wiedemann, Dipt. Exot. I, 237, 9 (d.); Auss. Zw. II, 513, 23 (éd.); Macquart, Dipt, Exot. ASILIDAE. a I, 2, 61; Bellardi, Saggio, etc. II, 18; Tab. I, f 15. — Brazil (Fabr.); Mexico (Bell.). mexicana Macquart, Dipt. Exot. 2e Suppl., 37, 3; Bellardi, Saggio, ete. IJ, 13. — Mexico. Laphystia. Loew, Linn. Ent, H, 538; 1847. *sexfasciata Say, J. Acad. Phil. II, 50, 1; Compl. Wr. II, 64 (Dasy- pogon); Wiedemann, Auss. Zw. I, 408, 68 (id.). — Missouri (Say) ; New Jersey, Florida (M. C. Z.). (2) albiceps Macquart, Dipt. Exot. ler Suppl. 69, 51 (Dasypogon). — Texas. Observation. Dr. Schiner (Verh. Zool. Bot. Ges. 1866, 698) places L. sexfasciata Say, in the genus Laphyctis; Loew objects to it in Berl. Ent. Z. 1874, p. 373. Andrenosoma. Rondani, Dipt. it. Prodr. I, 160; 1856. *pyrrhacra Wiedemann, Auss. Zw. I, 517, 31 (Laphria). — Savannah, Missouri; Brazil (the latter locality also in Schiner, Novara etc., 175). Laphria fulvicauda Say, J. Acad. Phil. HI, 53; Amer. Ent. I, Tab. VI (id.). [Name changed by Wied.] cinerea Bellardi, Saggio, etc. II, 16; Tab. I, f. 16 (Lampria). — Mexico. cineta Bellardi, Saggio, etc. II, 18; Tab. I, f. 19 (Laphria). — Mexico. formidolosa Walker, Trans. Ent. Soc. N. Ser. V, 280; Bellardi, Saggio, etc. II, 17; Tab. I, f. 18 (Laphria). — Mexico. (*"*). xanthoenema Wiedemann, Auss. Zw. I, 509, 18; Macquart, Dipt. Exot. I, 2, 67, 12. — West Indies (Macq.); Brazil (Wied.). (**°). SECTION III. ASILINA. (:”’). Mallophora. Macquart, Hist. Nat. Dipt. I, 300; 1854. ardens Macquart, Hist. Nat. Dipt. I, 302, 4; Dipt. Exot. I, 2, 89, 12; Tab. VIII, f. 2. — North America (Macq.). *bomboides Wiedemann, Dipt. Exot. I, 203, 387 (Aszlus); Auss. Zw. I, 476, 77 (id.); Macquart, Hist. Nat. Dipt. I, 302, 2; Dipt. Exot. I, 2, 89, 11. — Georgia (Wied.). clausicella Macquart, Dipt. Exot. 4¢ Suppl. 79, 27; Tab. VII, f. 8. — Virginia (,,perhaps a variety of WM. heteroptera?“ Macq.). fulyiventris Macquart, Dipt. Exot. 4e Suppl. 77, 24. -- Mexico; Texas? (Macq.) *laphroides Wiedemann, Auss. Zw. I, 483 (Asilus). — Kentucky. Mallophora heteroptera Macquart, Dipt. Exot. I, 2, 90, 13; Tab. VIII, f. 3. — Philadelphia. (2?) Mallophora minuta Macquart, Hist. Nat. Dipt. I, 302, 5. 78 ASILIDAE, *orcina Wiedemann, Auss. Zw. 1, 477, 79 (Asilus). — Georgia (Wied.) ; Distr. Columbia. Amphinome Walker, List, etc. I, 387 (Aszlws). — Honduras. [Loew in litt.; supposes this to be a Proctacanthus; I could not find the specimen in the Br. Mus.] Craverii Bellardi, Saggio, etc. II, 22. — Mexico. fulvyianalis Macquart, Dipt. Exot. 4e Suppl. 78, 25 (perhaps 2 of fulviventris“ Macq.). — Mexico. infernalis Wiedemann, Dipt. Exot. I, 202 (Aszlus); Auss. Zw. I, 475 (id.); Macquart, Hist. Nat. Dipt. 1, 301; Perty, Delectus ete. 181, Tab. XXXVI, f. 5 (Asilus). — Brazil; Mexico. *Macquartii (Loew in litt.), Macquart, Dipt. Exot. I, 2, 89, 10; Bigot in R. de la Sagra ete. 790 described by both as M. scopifera Wied.). — Cuba. (12°). pica Macquart, Dipt. Exot. 4e Suppl. 78, 26. — Mexico. robusta Wiedemann, Auss. Zw. I, 478, 81 (Asilus); Macquart, Dipt. Exot. ler Suppl. 78. — No locality in Wiedem.; Yucatan (Macq.). scopifer Wiedemann, Auss. Zw. I, 478, 83 (Asilus). — Brazil (Wied.); Columbia, 8S. A. (Schiner, Novara). (??’). Observation. Trupanea perpusilla Walker, Dipt. Saund., 123. — United States; I saw the specimen in the Brit. Mus , it appeared to me like a small Mallophora. Promachus. Loew, Linn. Ent. III, 390; 1848; Zrupanea Macquart (preocc.). *apivorus Fitch, Reports, Vol. III, 251 — 256; Tab. IV, f. 7 (Trupanea) ; Riley, 1st- Report, 168 (éd.). — Nebraska; North Missouri. (1”"). *Bastardii Macquart, Dipt. Exot. I, 2, 104, 80 (Zrupanea). — North America. Asilus Laevinus Walker, List, etc. II, 392 (!). — Massachusetts. Promachus philadelphicus Schiner Verh. Z. B. Ges. 1867, 339. — Pennsylvania ('). Trupanea rubiginis Walker, Dipt. Saund., 123 — North America (!). quadratus Wiedemann, Dipt. Exot I 201, 54; Auss. Zw. I, 485, 90 (Asilus). — Georgia. (17°). *rufipes Wiedemann, Auss. Zw. I, 487, 93 (Aszlus). — Amcrica ( Wied.); Georgia (M. C Z.) * vertebratus Say, J. Acad. Phil. WI, 47; Compl. Wr. II, 62 (Asilus); Wiedemann, Auss. Zw. I, 485, 91 (id.); Macquart, Dipt. Exot. I, 2, 103, 27 (Trupanea). — Missouri (Say); Illinois (M. C, Z.). einctus Bellardi, Saggio, etc. II, 25; Tab. II, f. 2. — Mexico. fuscipennis Macquart, Dipt. Exot. ler Suppl. 81, 44; Tab. VII, f. 4 (Trupanea); Bellardi, Saggio, ete. Il. 24; Tab. II, f. 1., Var A; Schiner, Novara etc. p. 177. — New Granada (Macq.); Mexico (Bell.). (22%) ASILIDAE. 79 magnus Bellardi, Saggio, etc. II, 26. — Mexico. pulchellus Bellardi, Saggio, etc. II, 29; Tab. II, f. 5. — Mexico. quadratus Bellardi, Saggio, etc. Il, 27; Tab. II, f. 3. — Mexico. (1*4). trapezoidalis Bellardi, Saggio, etc. Il, 28, Tab. I, f. 4. — Mexico. Truquii Bellardi, Saggio, etc. I], 30; Tab. Il, f 6. — Mexico. Observation. Asilus ultimus Walker, Dipt. Saund., 136, United States, is a Promachus, and if I recollect right, P. Bastardii. Erax. Macquart, Dipt. Exot. I, 2, 107; 1888. *aestuans Linné, System. Nat. IT, 1007, 5; Amoen. Acad. VI, 418, 95 (Asilus); Fabricius, System. Ent. IV, 379, 8 (Asilus) ; System. Antl. 164, 2 (Dasypogon) ; Olivier, Encyclop. Méth, I, 264; Wiede- mann, Dipt. Exot. I, 200, 32; Auss. Zw. I, 467, 63 (Asilus); Macquart, Hist. Nat. Dipt. I, 312, 86 (Asilus); Dipt. Exot. I, 2, 115, 19; Bigot, in R. de la Sagra, etc. 791. — North America; Cuba (according to Macquart also in Brazil). (+7°). albibarbis Macquart, Dipt. Exot. I, 2, 118, 26; Comp. Schiner, Verh. Z. B. Ges. 1867, 395. — North America. *ambiguus Macquart, Dipt. Exot. ler Suppl. 84, 34 — Galveston, Texas; Merida, Yucatan (Macq.); Georgia (M. C. Z.). Asilus interruptus Macquart, H. N. Dipt. I, 310, 29. — Georgia. (12°). apicalis Wiedemann, Dipt. Exot. I, 191, 16 (Asilus); Auss. Zw. I 443, 28 (id.). — North America. (127). *Bastardi Macquart, Dipt. Exot. I, 117, 25; Tab. 9, f. 7; Riley, 24 Report, 124 (figure of larva, pupa, imago). — North America. completus Macquart, Dipt. Exot. I, 2, 117, 23; Tab. IX, f£ 9. — North America. femoratus Macquart, Dipt. Exot. I, 2, 115, 20. — Carolina. incisuralis Macquart, Dipt. Exot. I, 2, 117, 24. — Philadelphia. lateralis Macquart, Dipt. Exot. I, 2, 116, 21. — Philadelphia. macrolabis Wiedemann, Auss. Zw. I, 458, 51 (Astlws). — Kentucky. niger Wiedemann, Dipt. Exot. I, 196, 26; Auss. Zw. I, 460, 53 (Asilus). — Georgia. notabilis Macquart, Dipt. Exot. I, 2, 110, 6; Tab. IX, f. 8. ~*America pogonias Wiedemann, Dipt. Exot. I, 198, 29; Auss. Zw. 460, 54 Asilus). — North America. Asilus barbatus Fabricius, System. Antl. 169, 22 name changed by Wied.). rufibarbis Macquart, Dipt. Exot. I, 2, 116, 22. — North America. tibialis Macquart, Dipt. Exot. I, 118, 27. — Philadelphia; Cayenne, Guyana (Macq.). vicinus Macquart, Dipt. Exot. ler Suppl. 85, 36. — Galveston, Texas ’ affinis Bellardi, Saggio, etc. Il, 41. - Mexico. aper Walker, List, etc. VII, 621. — Mexico. anomalus Bellardi, Saggio, ete I, 32; Tab. II, f. 7. — Mexico. argyrogaster Macquart, Dipt. Exot. ler Suppl. 84, 385. — Yucatan. (17°) 80 ASILIDAE. bicolor Bellardi, Saggio, etc. II, 47. — Mexico. bimaculatus Bellardi, Saggio, ete. II, 45; Tab. II, f 11. — Mexico (Bellardi); Columbia, $. A. (Schiner, Novara, 182). earinatus Bellardi, Saggio, etc. I, 36; Tab. II, f. 9. — Mexico. caudex Walker, List, etc. II, 404. — West Indies. cinerascens Bellardi, Saggio, etc. Il, 39; Tab. II, f. 10; Compare also Schiner. Verh. Z. B. Ges. 1867, 394. — Mexico. cingulatus Bellardi, Saggio, etc. II, 42. — Mexico. comatus Bellardi, Saggio, etc. II, 34. — Mexico. eximius Bellardi, Saggio, etc. II, 88. — Mexico. flayofasciatus Wicdemann, Auss. Zw. I, 470, 68. — Brazil (Wied.); Honduras (Walker, List, ctc. II, 400). fortis Walker, List, etc. VU, 623. — San Domingo. fulvibarbis Macquart, Dipt. Exot. 3e Suppl. 28, 44; Tab. II, f. 13. —- Haiti. Haitensis Macquart, Dipt. Exot. 38e Suppl. 28, 45; Tab. I, f. 10. — Haiti. Haloesus Walker, List, etc. Il, 405. — Jamaica. invarius Walker, Dipt. Saund. 131. — Jamaica. lascivus Wiedemann, Auss. Zw. I, 474, 75. — Brazil (Wied.); Hon- duras (Walker, List, etc. II, 400). (178). Asilus Amarynceus Walker, List, etc. II, 400 (no locality). — (Synonymy according to Walker, List, ete. VI, 637.] maculatus Macquart, Dipt. Exot. I, 2, 111, 9; Tab. IX, f. 6. — Guyana; Columbia (S. A.); Guadeloupe. (1”°). Loewii Bellardi, Saggio, etc. App. 21, f. 17. — Mexico. marginatus Bellardi, Saggio, etc. II, 46. —- Mexico. nigrimystaceus Macquart, Dipt. Exot. 2e Suppl. 41, 40. — Guadeloupe. parvulus Bellardi, Saggio, ete. II, 35; '‘I'ab. H, f. 8. — Mexico. pumilus Walker, List, etc. VU, 640. — Vera Cruz. quadrimaculatus Bellardi, Saggio, etc. II, 44; Tab. Il, f. 13. — Mexico. rufitibia Macquart, Dipt. Exot. 3¢ Suppl. 27, 42; Tab. I, f 11. — Haiti; Rio Negro (S. Amer.). stylatus Fabricius, System. Ent. IV, 795, 17; Ent. System. IV, 384, 88 (Asilus); System. Antl. 171, 31 (Dasypogon); Wiedemann, Dipt. Exot. I, 198, 30 (Asilus); Auss. Zw. I, 462, 57 (id); Tab. VI, f. 6. — West Indies. tricolor Bellardi, Saggio, etc. I], 40; Tab. II, 12. — Mexico. unicolor Bellardi, Saggio, ete. 11, 37. — Mexico. Observation. Hrax Dascyllus Walker, List, etc. II, 401, Massachusetts; the fragment in the Brit. Mus. is not recognizable. Erax Antiphon Walker, List, etc. VII, 618. Short diagnosis only; at the samv time the author quotes in the synonymy: Asilus Antiphon List, ete. I, 397, with the remark: ,,the previous description of this species is erroneous“. This prcvious descrip- tion refers evidently to some other species and giv_s no habitat. I do not find anything about this specics in my notes taken in the Brit. Mus. . j ASILIDAE. 81 Neoeristicus. Eristicus Loew, Linn. Ent. III, 396; 1848. (2°). Bellardii Schiner, Novara etc. 182 (Hrax) — Columbia, 8. A. (Schiner); Mexico (Bell.). Frax nigripes Bellardi, Saggio, etc. II, 48 (Lristicws), change of name by Schiner. villosus Bellardi, Saggio, etc. II, 49 (Hristicus). — Mexico. Proctacanthus. Macquart, Dipt. Exot. I, 2, 120; 1838. *brevyipennis Wiedemann, Auss. Zw. I, 431, 10 (Asilws), — Kentucky (Wied.); Florida (G. 58.). fulviventris Macquart, Dipt. Exot. 4e Suppl. 88, 12. — Florida. (7%°). *heros Wiedemann, Auss. Zw. I, 427, 4 (Asilus). — Kentucky (Wied.); South Carolina (M. C. Z.). longus Wiedemann, Dipt. Exot. I, 183, 1; Auss. Zw. I, 426, 3 (Asilus) ; Macquart, Hist. Nat. Dipt. I, 307, 18 (Asilws); Dipt. Exot. I, 2, 123, 6. (compare also Schiner, Verh. Zool. Bot. Ges. 1866, 682, 3), — Georgia. micans Schiner, Verh. Zool. Bot. Ges. 1867, 897. — North America. *Milbertii Macquart, Dipt. Exot. I, 2, 124, 8. — North America. (?) Asilus Agrion Jaennicke, Neue Exot. Dipt. 57. — Illinois. (**). Asilus missuriensis Riley, 24 Report 122, fig. 89. — Missouri. nigriventris Macquart, Dipt. Exot. I, 2, 124, 9. — Philadelphia; Carolina (Macq.). *philadelphicus Macquart, Dipt. Exot. I, 2, 123, 7; — Philadelphia (Macq.). Crayerii Bellardi, Saggio, etc. II, 50. — Mexico. rufiventris Macquart, Dipt. Exot. Lj2ei238% 5; Tab. X, £2) — San Domingo, Honduras. Eccritosia. Schiner, Verh. Zool. Bot. Ges. 1866, 674. plinthopyga Wiedemann, Dipt. Exot. I, 184, 4 (Asilus); Auss. Zw. I, 432, 11 (id.); Bigot, in R. de la Sagra ete. 791 (id.). — Cuba. Asilus. Linné, Fauna Suecica; 1761. (7°). femoralis Macquart, Dipt. Exot. 2e Suppl. 45, 61. — Philadelphia. longicella Macquart, Dipt. Exot. 4e Suppl. 95, 77; Tab. IX, f. 5. — North America (with a doubt). *Novae Scotiae Macquart, Dipt. Exot. 2° Suppl. 46, 62. — Nova Scotia. *sericeus Say, J. Acad. Phil. III, 48, 2; Compl. Wr. Il, 63; Wiede- mann, Auss. Zw. I, 429, 8. — United States. Asilus Herminius Walker, List, etc. II, 410 (!). tibialis Macquart, Hist Nat. Dipt. I, 313, 38. — Philadelphia. 9 . 82 AS'LIDAE. apicalis Vellardi, Saggio, etc. II, 57. — Mexico. (1°). atripes Fabricius, System. Antl. 170, 29 (Dasypogon); Wiedemann, Dipt. Exot. I, 195, 24; Auss. Zw. I, 155, 46. — West Indies. inamatus Walker, Trans. Ent. Soc. N. Ser. V, 288. — Mexico. infuseatus Bellardi, Saggio, etc. Il, 56; Tab. II, f. 15. — Mexico. megacephalus Bellardi, Saggio, etc. I, 58; Tab. II, f. 14. — Mexico. mexicanus Macquart, Dipt. Exot. 1er Suppl. 94, 55. — Mexico. perrumpens Walker, Trans. Ent. Soc. N. Ser. V, 283. — Mexico. vittatus Olivier, Encycl. Méth. I, 263, 4. — San Domingo. Observation. Asilus Alethes Walker, List, etc, II, 454. — New York. Asilus Antimachus Walker, List, etc. Il, 454. — Trenton Falls N. Y. Asilus Leeythus Walker, List, etc. II, 451. — Nova Scotia. Asilus Orphne Walker, List, ete. II, 456. — New York. Asilus Paropus Walker, List, ete. Il, 455. — New York. Asilus Sadyates Walker, List, ete. II, 453. — Ohio. The specimens exist in the Brit. Mus. and belong to the different genera, in which Asilus has been subdivided; most of them, if not all, will coincide with previously described species. Asilus ultimus Walker Dipt. Saund. 136, is a Promachus. For Astlus Agrion Jaennicke, see Proctacanthus Milbertii. Philonicus. Loew, Linn. Ent. IV, 144; 1849. taeniatus Bellardi, Saggio, etc. Il, 55. — Mexico. Tuxpanganus Bellardi, Saggio, etc. App. 22. — Mexico. Lophonotus. Macquart, Dipt. Exot. I, 2, 125; 1838: Loew, Linn. Ent. IIT, 423, 1848 modifies the limits of the genus. humilis Bellardi, Saggio, ete. I], 51. — Mexico. 7 Neomochtherus. Mochtherus Loew, Linn. Ent. IV, 58; 1849. (1°), gracilis Wiedemann, Auss. Zw. I, 445, 31 (Asilws). — Savannah. (15°), Truquii Bellardi, Saggio, etc. Il, 52. — Mexico. fuliginosus Bellardi, Saggio, etc. II, 52. — Mexico. Neoitamus. Itamus Loew, Linn. Ent. IV, 84; 1849. (2°4), *aenobarbus Loew in litt. — Northern and Middlee States. Epitriptus. Loew, Linn. Ent. IV, 108; 1849. (?) albispinosus Bellardi, Saggio, etc. II, 54 (the query is Bellardi’s). — Mexico. niveibarbus Bellardi, Saggio, etc. II, 53. — Mexico. Machimus. Loew, Linn. Ent. IV, 1; 1849. avidus vy. d. Wulp, Tijdschr. v. Ent. 24 Ser., 1V, 82. — Wisconsin. MIDAIDAE. 83 Stilpmogaster. Loew, Linn. Ent. 1V, &2; 1849. auceps v. d. Wulp, Tijdschr. v. Ent. 24 Ser. 1V, 84. — Wisconsin. Tolmerus. Loew, Linn. Ent. 1V, 94; 1849. *annulipes Macquart, Dipt Exot. I, 2, 149, 36 (Aszlws). — Carolina (Macq.’; Atlantic States and Canada. notatus Wiedemann, Auss. Zw. I, 451, 40 (Asilus). — Savannah. Ommatius. 1°), Illiger; Wiedemann, Auss. Zw. I, 418; 1828. tibialis Say, J. Acad. Phil. 1, 49; Compl. Wr. II, 63; Wiedemann, Auss. Zw. I, 422, 6. — Pennsylvania. fuscipennis Bellardi, Saggio, etc. App. 23. — Mexico. marginellus Fabricius, Spec. Ins. Il, 464, 22 (Asilws); Ent. System. 384, 36 (id); System. Antl. 170, 283 (Dasypogon); Wiedemann, Dipt.. Exot: 1, 213)./15, Auss,, Zw ll, 421 53 Tabs Vi foe — West Indies; Macquart, Dipt. Exot. I, 2, 154, 4 has it from Brazil. (1°), parvus Bigot, Ann. Soc. Entom. 1875, 247. — Mexico. pumilus Macquart, Dipt. Exot. 2e Suppl. 42,6; Tab. I, f. 10; Bellardi, Saggio, ete. HU, £9. — Mexico. Saceas Walker, List, etc. Il, 474. — Jamaica. vitreus Bigot, Ann. Soc. Ent. 1875, 245. — Haity. Emphysomera. Schiner, Verh. Zool. Bot. Ges. 1866, 665; id. Novara, p. 195. pilosula Bigot, Ann. Soc Ent. 1875, 243. — Mexico. bicolor Bigot, Ann. Soc. Ent. 1875, 244. — Mexico. FAMILY MIDAIDAE. (*) Leptomidas. Leptomydas, Gerstaecker, Stett. Ent. Z. 1868, 81. *venosus Loew, Centur VII, 26. — Pecos River, Western Texas. *pantherinus Gerstaecker, Stett. Ent. Z. 1868, 85; O. Sacken, Western Diptera, 280. — California (Lone Mt. San Francisco, O. Sacken). *tenuipes Loew, Centur. X, 20 (Midas). — California. Midas. (1°). Mydas Fabricius, Entom. System. IV, 252; 1794. *audax O. Sacken, Bul. Buff. S. N. H. 1874, 186 (the descriptions of this and of the two following species, are reproduced in the note. — Kentucky. (?%°). 84 MIDAIDAE. *carbonifer 0. Sacken, 1. c. 186. — Western New York. *chrysostomus O. Sacken, 1. c. 187. — Texas. *elavatus Drury, Illustr. of Nat. Hist. I, 103; Tab. 44, f.1 and Vol. II, App. (Musca); Westwood, Arc. Ent., 51, 14. — Atlantic States (rare in Massachusetts). Nemotelus asiloides Degeer, VI, Tab. XXIX, f. 6. Bibio illucens Fabricius, System. Ent. 756, 1. (74°). Libio filata Fabricius, Spec. Ins. Il, 412; Mantissa, 328, 1; Ent. System. IV, 252 (Mydas); System. Antl. 60, 1 (id); Olivier, Encyel. Méth. VII, 83, 1; Wiedemann, Dipt. Exot. 116, 2; Auss. Zw. I, 240, 8; Monogr. Midar. Tab. 53, f. 8 (for the quo- tations from Latreille and Dumeril, see Wiedemann). crassipes Westwood, Arcan. Ent. I, 51; Tab. XIII, f. 3. — North America (?). fulvipes Walsh, Proc. Bost. Soc. N. H. IX, 306. — Illinois.’ fulvifrons Illiger, Magaz. I, 206; Wiedemann, Monogr. Mid. 47; Tab. LIII, f. 18. — Georgia. incisus Macquart, Dipt. Exot. I, 2, 11; Tab. I, f. 1. — Carolina. (Mexico, according to Jaennicke, 1. c. p. 46.) *luteipennis Loew, Centur. VII, 23. — Pecos River, Western Texas. maculiyentris Westwood, Lond. and Edinb. Phil. Mag. 1835, Are. Ent. I, 58; Tab. XIII, f. 5. — Georgia. pachygaster Westwood, Arc. Ent. I, 53; Tab. XIII, f. 4. — Georgia. parvulus Westwood, Arc. Ent. I, 53; Tab. XIII, f. 6. — Georgia (Westw.); Florida (Walk.). *simplex Loew, Centur. VII, 25. — Pecos River, Western Texas. * tibialis Wiedemann, Monogr. Mid. 42; Tab. LIII, f. 6; Bellardi, Saggio, etc. Il, 6. — Maryland; Michigan; Mexico ’ (Bellardi). *xanthopterus Loew, Centur. VII, 24. — Pecos River, Western Texas. Mydas lavatus Gerstaecker, Stett. Ent. Z. 1868, 96. — Mexico. *ventralis Gerstaecker, Stett. Ent. Z. 1868, 102. — California. Midas rufiventris Loew, Centur. VII, 22 (change of name by Gerst.). annularis Gerstaecker, Stett. Ent. Z. 1868, 100. — Mexico. basalis Westwood, Arc. Ent. I, 53, Bellardi, Saggio, etc. I, 10. — Mexico. bitaeniatus Bellardi, Saggio, etc. II, 7; Tab. I, f. 1. — Mexico. *gracilis Macquart, Hist. N. Dipt. I, 274; Tab. VII, f 1. — South America (Macq.); Cuba (Loew in litt.). interruptus Wiedemann, Monogr. Mid. 46; Tab. LIII, f. 12. — Mexico. Midas tricinctus Bellardi, Saggio, etc. Il, 8; Tab. I, f. 2 [Gerst.]. militaris Gerstaecker, Stett. Ent. Z. 1868, 99. — Mexico. Midas vittatus Macquart, Dipt. Exot. 4e Suppl. 60; Tab. IV, f. 6; Bellardi, Saggio, etc. Hl, 7 [change of name by Gerst.]. rubidapex Wiedemann, Monogr. Mid. 40; Tab. 52, f 2 (4); Auss. Zw. II, 626; Bellardi, Saggio, etc. Il, 5. — Mexico. senilis Westwood, Arc. Ent. I, 52. — Mexico. subinterruptus Bellardi, Saggio, etc. I], 10; Tab. I, f. 3. — Mexico, BOMBYLIDAE. 85 *tricolor Wiedemann, Monogr. Mid. 42; Tab. 53, f. 5; Bigot, R. de la Sagra, etc. 799. — Cuba. Observation. According to Mr. Walker, List, etc. I, 228, Dolichogaster (Midas) brevicornis Wied. (variet. copterus Wied.) from Brazil, also occurs in Florida and Massachusetts. Raphiomidas. : O. Sacken, Western Diptera, 281; 1877. *episcopus O. Sacken, 1. c. 282. — Southern California. Apiocera. Westwood, London and Edinburgh Phil. Magaz. 1855; the same, Arcana etc.; Fomacera Macquart Suppl. 2, p. 47, 1847; Anypenus Philippi, Verh. Zool. Bot. Ges. 1865, 702; Tab. 25, f. 26. *haruspex O. Sacken, Western Diptera, 283. — Yosemite Valley, Cal. FAMILY NEMESTRINIDAE, (. Hiirmoneura. Meigen, System. Beschr. H, 182; 1820. *elausa O. Sacken, Western Diptera, 225. — Dallas, Texas. (***). brevirostris Macquart, Dipt. Exot. Suppl. I, 101, 8; Tab. 20, f. 1. — Yucatan. FAMILY BOMBYLIDAE. ()- Exoprosopa. Macquart, Dipt. Exot. II, 1, 35; 1840. *ealiptera Say, J. Acad. Phil. III, 46,7; Compl. Wr. II, 62 (Anthrax) ; O.Sacken, Western Dipt., 233. — Arkansas (Say); Cheyenne, Wyo.; Tehuacan, Mexico (Coll. Bellardi). *decora Loew, Centur. VIII, 19. Wisconsin (Loew); Georgia, Texas, Illinois, Iowa, Red River of the North. *dodrans O. Sacken, Western Dipt., 234. — Colorado Springs, Col. *doreadion O. Sacken, Western Dipt., 231. — White Mts., N. H.; Maine; Rocky Mts., Col.; Sierra Nevada, Cal.; Washington Terr. Anthrax capucina Fabricius, Ent. System. IV, 259, 12; System. Antl. 123; Wiedemann and later authors have erroneously referred these quotations to a european species. (? Anthrax californiae Walker, Dipt. Saund., 172. (**). *doris O. Sacken, Western Dipt., 235. — Humboldt Desert, Nevada. *emarginata Macquart, Dipt. Exot. II, 1, 51, 40. — Philadelphia (Macq.) ; Virginia, Missouri. *fascipennis Say, Long’s Exped. App. 373, 4; Compl. Wr. I, 254 (Anthrax); Wiedemann, Auss. Zw. I, 284, 39 (id). — Atlantic States (especially Middle States); Cuba. $6 BOMBYLIDAE. Anthrex noctula Wiedemann, Auss. Zw. II, 635, 45 (1). Exoprosopa coniceps Macquart, Dipt. Exot. 4¢ Suppl. 108, 63; Tab. X, f. 9; Bigot, R. de la Sagra etc. 793 (!). — Virginia (Macq.); Cuba (Bigot). Exoprosopa philadelphica Macquart, Dipt. Exot. II, 1, 52, 41; Tabs VILE ts *fasciata Macquart, Dipt. Exot. II, 1, 51,38; Tab. XVII, f. 6; O. Sacken, Western Dipt., 231. — Atlantic States. Exoprosopa longirostris Macquart, Dipt. Exot. 4e Suppl. 108, 62; Tab. X, f. 8 i!'. — Virginia. Exoprosopa rubiginosa Macquart, Dipt. Exot. II, 1, 51, 39; bid. Suppl. I, 111. — Philadelphia; Columbia (South America). ('*‘). Mulio americana vy. d. Wulp, Tijdschr. etc. 24 Ser., 141; Tab. IV, f. 1—4, pueblensis Jaennicke, Neue Exot. Dipt. 34; Tab. II, f. 21. — Mexico (Jaenn.); Texas (Coll. v. Roeder). *sima O. Sacken, Western Dipt., 231. —- Humboldt Desert, Nevada. *titubans O. Sacken, Western Dipt., 233. — Denver, Col. * Agassizii Loew, Centur, VIII, 24. — California. *pifurea Loew, Centur. VIII, 23. — California. *eremita O. Sacken, Western Dipt., 236. — Northern California. ('*7). *evazophylax Loew, Centur. VIII, 18. — California. anthracoidea Jaennicke, Neue Exot. Dipt., 32; Tab. IT, f 18. — Mexico. blanehardiana Jaennicke, 1. c. 33; Tab. I, f. 20. — Mexico. *cerberus Fabricius, Ent. System. IV, 256, 1 (Anthrax); System. Antl. 118, 1 (d.); Wiedemann, Dipt. Exot. I, 118, 1 (éd.); Auss. Zw. I, 253, 2; Tab. III, f. 1 (éd.); Macquart, Hist. Nat. Dipt. I, 400, 1 (id.); Dipt. Exot. II, 1, 88, 6; Tab. XVI, f. 5. —- South America (Wied. Macq.); Jamaica (Walker, List, ete. II, 238); Cuba (M.C. Z.). clotho Wiedemann, Auss. Zw. Il, 635 (Anthrax). — Mexico. *cubana Loew, Centur. VII, 22. — Cuba. ignifer Walker, List, etc. II, 243 (Anthrax). — Jamaica. (5). Kaupii Jaennicke, Neue Exot. Dipt. 32; Tab. II, f. 17 (wing). — Mexico. lacera Wiedemann, Auss. Zw. Il, 633, 44 (Anthrax). — Mexico. Latreillii Wiedemann, Auss. Zw. II, 633, 43 (Anthrax). — Mexico. limbipennis Macquart, Dipt. Exot. Suppl. I, 110, 50; Tab. XX, f. 38. — Yucatan. *nubifera Loew, Centur. VIII, 25. — Cuba. Oreus Walker, List, ete. II, 237 (Anthrax). — Mexico. parva Loew, Centur. VIII, 26. — Cuba. Pilatei Macquart, Dipt. Exot. Suppl. I, 110, 49; Tab. XX, f, 2. — Yucatan. Proserpina Wiedemann, Auss. Zw. I, 257, 6 (Anthrax); Macquart, Dipt. Exot. II, 1, 88, 7; Bigot, in R. de la Sagra etc. 793. —- No locality (Wied.); San Domirgo (Macq.); Cuba (Bigot.). BOMBYLIDAE. 87 rostrifera Jaennicke |. c. 33; Tab. II, f. 19. — Mexico. subfasecia Walker, List, etc. II, 249 (Anthrax). — Jamaica. *sordida Loew, Centur. VIII, 21. — Matamoras. Thomae Fabricius, System. Antl. 135, 32 (Anthraa) ; Wiedemann, Dipt. Exot. I, 129, 13 (d.); Auss. Zw. I, 271, 22 (id). — St. Thomas. *trabalis Loew, Centur. VIII, 20. — Mexico. trimacula Walker, List, etc. I], 250 (Anthrax). — Jamaica. (1°). NB. Anthrax Satyrus Fabr. from Australia, or China (compare Wiedemann, Auss. Zw. I, 322, 95) is referred by Mr. Walker, List, etc. IL, 243 to a species from Georgia. The ground is not stated. Dipaita. O. Sacken, Western Dipt., 236, 1877. *serpentina O. Sacken, Western Dipt., 237. — Georgia; Colorado; California; Mexico (Coll. Bellardi). Anthrax. Scopoli, Ent. Carniol.; 1763. (15°). _albipeetus Macquart, Dipt. Exot. 38e Suppl. 34, 80; Tab. IIT, f. 12. — North America. albovittata Macquart, Dipt. Exot. 4¢ Suppl. 113, 90; Tab. X, f£ 15. — North America (?). *“alternata Say, J. Acad. Phil. III, 45, 5: Compl. Wr. U, 61; Wiede- mann, Auss. Zw. J, 303, 66. — Middle States. Anthrax consanguinea Macquart, Dipt. Exot. Il, 1, 69, 42; Tab. XXI. f. 1. — Philadelphia. cedens Walker, Dipt. Saund., 190. — United States. *celer Wiedemann, -Auss. Zw. I, 310, 77; Macquart, Dipt. Exot. I, 1, 69, 43. — Kentucky; Georgia (Philadelphia in Macquart). *Ceyx Loew, Centur. VIII, 30. — Virginia; Georgia. (?) Anthrax demogorgon Walker, List, etc. Il, 265. — Florida. (?) connexa Macquart, Dipt. Exot. 5¢ Suppl. 76, 96; Bigot, in R. de la Sagra etc. 794. — Baltimore (Macq.); Cuba (Bigot). costatus Say, Long’s Exped. App. 375, 5; Compl. Wr. I, 254; Wiede- mann, Auss. Zw. I, 314, 82. — N. W. Territory (Say). edititia Say, J. Acad. Phil. VI, 157; Compl. Wr. II, 353. — No locality. *flaviceps Loew, Centur. VIII, 29. — Tamaulipas. floridana Macquart, Dipt. Exot. 4e Suppl. 112, 89; Tab. X, f. 14. — Florida. *fulviana Say, Long’s Exped. App. 372,3; Compl. Wr. I, 253; Wiede- mann, Auss. Zw. I, 290, 47. — North Western States and British Possessions; Georgetown, Colo. *fulyohirta Wiedemann, Dipt. Exot. I, 149, 46; Auss. Zw. I, 308, 73; Macq. Dipt. Exot. I], 1, 69,41; Meigen, Syst. Beschr. II, 158, 26; Tab. XVII, f. 11 (A. cypris, erroneously described as European). — Middle States. Anthrax conifacies Macquart, Dipt. Exot. 4e Suppl., 112, £8; Tab. X, f. 13. — Virginia. 88 BOMBYLIDAE. Anthrax separata Walker, Dipt. Saund., 177. fuscipennis Macquart, Hist. Nat. Dipt. I, 410, 33. — North America. gracilis Macquart, Dipt. Exot. Il, 1, 76, 64; Tab. XXI, f. 1. — Philadelphia. *haleyon Say, Long’s Exp. App. 371 (Alcyon); Compl. Wr. I, 252; Wiedemann, Auss. Zw. I, 288, 44; Tab. III, f. 6; Macquart, Dipt. Exot. Il, 1, 68; Tab. XIX, f. 6. — North Western States and British Possessions; Colorado. (1°). *hypomelas Macquart, Dipt. Exot. II, 1, 76, 63; Tab. XXI, f. 1. — North America (Macq.); Pennsylvania, Wisconsin. (1°°). “lateralis Say, J. Acad. Phil. 11, 42, 2; Compl. Wr. II, 59; Wiede- mann, Auss. Zw. I, 318, 89. — Atlantic States ; Colorado. Anthrax Bastardi Macquart, Dipt. Exot. II, 1, 60, 13. (‘°°). *lucifer Fabricius, System. Ent. 759, 13; Mant. Ins. IL, 329, 21 (Bibio) ; Ent. System. 1V, 262, 21; System. Antl. 126, 40; Wiedemann, Dipt. Exot. I, 142, 36; Auss, Zw. I, 294, 53; Bigot, in R. de la Sagra etc. 794. — West Indies; Georgia; Texas (see O. Sacken, Western Diptera 240). Anthrax fumiflanma Walker, Dipt. Saund., 184. *mucorea Loew, Centar. VIII, 43. — Nebraska. ie rected Loew, Centur. VIII, 38. — Massachusetts (Lw.); Canada. * palliata Loew, Centur. Aighie 39. — Illinois. (2) Anthrac. meisa Walker, Dipt. Saund., 187. — North America. *parvicornis Loew, Centur. VIII, 36. — Illinois. *pertusa Loew, Centur. VIII, 28. — Western Texas. *scrobiculata Loew, Centur. VII, 39. — Mlinois. *sinuosa Wiedemann, Dipt. Exot. I, 147, 42; Auss. Zw. I, 301, 64; O. Sacken, Western Dipt., 239. — Georgia (Wied.); Southern and Middle States; California. Anthrax concisa Macquart, Dipt. Exot. I, 1, 68, 37. — Carolina (!). Anthrax nycthemera Macquart (nec Hoffmannsegg), Dipt. Exot. I, 1, 67; Sal) Anihrace assimilis Macquart, Dipt. Exot. Suppl. I, 114, 73. — Galveston, Texas. : *stenozona Loew, Centur. VIII, 40. — Illinois. *tegminipennis Say, Long’s Exped. App. 371, 2; Compl. Wr. I, 253; Wied. Auss. Zw. I, 289, 46. — N. W. Territory (Say); Towa: Brit. N. America; Maine. vestita Walker, List, etc. II, 258. — Nova Scotia. *alpha O. Sacken, Western Dipt., 239. -— Sierra Nevada, Cal.; Cheyenne, Wyo. *eurta Loew, Centur. VIII, 35. — California. *diagonalis Loew, Centur. VIII, 33. — California. *fuliginosa Loew, Centur. VIII, 31. — California. *molitor Loew, Centur. VIII, 42. — California. (?) abbreviata Wiedemann, Auss. Zw. II, 637, 49. — Mexico. *adusta Loew, Centur. VIII, 41. — Cuba. BOMBYLIDAE. 89 Astarte Wiedemann, Auss. Zw. II, 637, 48. — Mexico. *bigradata Loew, Centur. VII, 37. — Cuba. castanea Jaennicke, Neue Exot. Dipt. 30; Tab. II, f. 15 (wing). — Mexico. eyanoptera Wiedemann, Auss. Zw. II, 638, 51. — Mexico. delicatula Walker, List, etc. II, 266. — Jamaica. faunus Fabricius, System. Antl. 126, 88; Dipt. Exot. I, 159, 80; Auss. Zw. I, 292, 50; Macquart, Dipt. Exot. II, 1, 75, 61; Tab. XXI, f. 1. — West Indies. funebris Macquart, Dipt. Exot. II, 1, 66, 80; Tab. 21, f. 10. — San Domingo. gorgon Fabricius, System. Antl. 126, 41; Wiedemann, Auss. Zw. I, 303, 67. — West Indies. Nero Fabricius, System. Antl. 127, 45; Wiedemann, Dipt. Exot. I, 149, 47; Auss. Zw. 316, 85. — West Indies. nudiuscula Thomson, Eug. Resa, etc., 482. — Panama. paradoxa Jaennicke, Neue Exot. Dipt. 381; Tab. HU, f. 16 (wing). — Mexico. *proboseidea Loew, Centur. VIII, 27. — Sonora. pusio Macquart, Dipt. Exot. I, 1, 76, 62; Tab. XXI, f. 1; Bigot, R. de la Sagra etc. 794. — Cuba. quinquepunctata Thomson, Eug. Resa, ete. 484. — Panama. *sagata Loew, Centur. VIII, 34. — Matamoras. translata Walker, Dipt. Saund., 182. — West Indies. trifigurata Walker, Trans. Ent. Soc. N. Ser. V, 285. — Haity. Hemipenthes. Loew, Centur. VIII, 44; 1869. *morioides Say, J. Acad. Phil. III, 42,1; Compl. Wr. II, 58 (Anthrax); Wiedemann, Auss. Zw. I, 309, 75 (éd.). — Missouri (Say). seminigra Loew, Centur. VIII, 44. (*°?). — Saskatchewan; Canada. Argyramoeba. Argyromoeba Schiner, Wien. Ent. Monatschr. 1860; amended by Loew, in Centur. II, 290. *albofasciata Macquart, Dipt. Exot. II, 1, 67, 34; Tab. XXI, f. 12 (Anthrax). — Georgia (Macq.) Anthrax analis Macquart, Hist. Nat. Dipt. I, 407, 25 (change of name by Macq.). *analis Say, J. Acad. Phil. II, 45, 4; Compl. Wr. II, 60 (Anthrax); Wiedemann, Auss. Zw. I, 313, 80 (éd.). — Atlantic States and Canada; Georgia (Say); Massachusetts, Illinois, Maryland ete. Anthrax georgica Macquart, Hist. Nat. Dipt. I, 406, 19; Dipt. Exot. iy, i, 68,.38> Tab. 21, £711 (): ¢™): *antecedens Walker, Dipt. Saund. 193 (Anthrax). — United States (Waik.). *“argyropyga Wiedemann, Auss. Zw. I, 313 (Anthrax) male. — (No habitat in Wied.): Virginia; Georgia. Argyramoeba contigua Loew, Centur. VII, 50 (female). 90 BOMBYLIDAE. *Cephus Fabricius, System. Antl. 124, 25 (Anthrax); Wiedemann, Auss. Zw. I, 297, 58 (id.); Macquart, Dipt. Exot. II, 59, 12 @d).— South America (Fab., Wied.); Georgia; Virginia. *fur O. Sacken, Western Dipt., 244. — Texas. (1°). *limatulus Say, J. Acad. Phil. VI, 157; Compl. Wr. IT, 354 (Anthrax). — Indiana (Say); Colorado (?); California (?); compare O. Sacken, Western Dipt., 243. *Oedipus Fabricius, System. Antl. 123, 22 (Anthrax); Wiedemann, Dipt. Exot. I, 124, 8 (éd.); Auss. Zw. I, 262, 12 (id.). — United States (reaches quite far in the N. W. of the Brit. Possessions; according to Schiner, occurs also in South America); Mexico (Coll. Bellardi). Anthrax irrorata Say, J. Acad. Phil. Ill, 46, 6; Compl. Wr. U, 61. Anthrax irrorata Macquart, Dipt. Exot. I], 1, 60; Tab. XX, f. 6. *obsoleta Loew, Centur. VUI, 47. — Missouri. *pauper Loew, Centur. VIII, 48. — Illinois. *Pluto Wiedemann, Auss. Zw. I, 261, 11 (Anthrax); O. Sacken, Western Dipt., 244. — Kentucky (Wied.); occurs from Texas to Canada. *Simson Fabricius, System. Antl. 119, 5 (Anthrax); Wiedemann, Dipt. Exot. I, 122, 6 @d); Auss. Zw. I, 259, 9; Tab. Il, £2 @d); Macquart, Dipt. Exot. Il, 1, 59, 11 (éd.). — Atlantic States; also in Columbia, South America (Schiner, Novara, 120). Anthrax scripta Say, J. Acad. Phil. HI, 43, 3; Compl. Wr. II, 59. Vemotelus tigrinus Degeer, VI, Tab. 29, f. 11 [Wied.]. *stellans Loew, Centur. VIII, 46. — Oregon. *Delila Loew, Centur. VII, 45. — California. *euplanes Loew, Centur. VIII, 49. — Cuba. (?) disjuneta Wiedemann, Auss. Zw. II, 639, 53 (Anthrax). — Mexico. Gideon Fabricius, System. Antl. 125, 27 (Anthrea); Wiedemann, Auss. Zw. I, 311, 79 (id.). — South America (Fabr., Wied.); Jamaica (Walker). Leucothoa Wiedemann, Auss. Zw. II, €88, 50 (Anthrax). — Mexico. Triodites. O. Sacken, Western Dipt., 245; 1877. *mus O. Sacken, Western Dipt., 246. — California, Utah. Lomatia. Meigen, System. Beschr. VI, 324; 1830; Stygia Meig. (preoce.); Stygides Latreille, Fam. Natur. 1825, 491. elongata Say, J. Acad. Phil. HI, 41, 1; Compl. Wr. II, 58 (Stygic); Wiedemann, Auss. Zw. I, 315 and 561; Tab. UH, f 6. — Penn- sylvania. (79°). Oncodocera. Macquart, Dipt. Exot. Il, 1, 83; 1840. *leucoprocta Wiedemann, Auss. Zw. J, 330 (Mulio) male. — No locality. (Wied.); Georgia; Virginia, Hlinois, Wisconsin, Kentucky, Mexico. + =e BOMBYLIDAE, 91 Oncodocera dimidiata Macquart, Dipt. Exot. II, 1, 84 (female); dab. 15, £1. Anthrax terminalis Wiedemann, Auss. Zw. I, 639. — Mexico (!). *valida Wiedemann, Auss. Zw. H, 636, 47 (Anthrax). — Mexico. Anisotamia eximia Macquart, Dipt. Exot. 4e Suppl. 115; Tab. XT, eee les (aro) Leptochilus. Loew, Centur. X, 40; 1872, *modestus Loew, Centur. X, 40. — Texas. Aphoebantus. Loew, Centur. X. 39; 1872. *cervinus Loew, Centur. X, 39. — Texas. Bombylius. (1°"). Linné, Fauna Suecica; 1761. *atriceps Loew, Centur. IV, 49. — Florida, Virginia (Loew); New York; Connecticut (M. C. Z.). *fratellus Wiedemann, Auss. Zw. I, 583, 17. — Georgia (Wied.); Northern States and Brit. Possessions (M. C. Z.). Bombylius vicinus Macquart, Dipt. Exot. IH, 1, 98, 30 [Loew, Neue Beitrage etc. III, 14]. Bombylius albipectus Macquart, Dipt. Exot. 5¢ Suppl. 82, 71; Tab. IV, f. 10. — Baltimore. Bombylius aequalis Harris (nec Fab.), Ins. Injur. to Veget. 34 edit. 606 f. 263. (25). Bombylius major Kirby (nec Linné), Fauna Bor. Amer. Ins. 312, 1. *mexicanus Wiedemann, Dipt. Exot. I, 166, 10; Auss. Zw. I, 338, 11; Loew, Neue Beitrage etc. HI, 24. — Middle and Southern States; Mexico. (?) Bombylius fulvibasis Macquart, Dipt. Exot. 5¢ Suppl. 82, 72 [Loew in litt.}. (2°). Bombylius philadelphicus Macquart, Dipt. Exot. II, 1, 99, 35; Tab. VI, f. 3 and Tab. VU, f. 3 [Loew im Wtt.]. *pulchellus Loew, Centur. IV, 47. — Illinois. *pygmaeus Fabricius, Mant. Ins. Il, 367, 13; Ent. System. IV, 411, 19; System. Antl. 135, 32; Olivier, Encycl. Méth. I, 328, 22; Wiedemann, Auss. Zw. I. 351, 34; Lamarck, Anim. sans vert. III, 407, 4; Kirby, Fauna boreali-americana, Ins, 312, 2, — Atlantic States and Brit. Possessions (M. C. Z. has a specimen from Virginia). *validus Loew, Centur. IV, 48. — Illinois; Virginia (Lw.); New York, Georgia. *yarius Fabricius, System. Antl. 132, 17; Wiedemann, Dipt. Exot. I, 163, 6; Auss. Zw. I, 335, 7; Loew, Neue Beitr. etc. III, 29. — Middle States. 92 BOMBYLIDAE. *albicapillus Loew, Centur. X, 42; O. Sacken, Western Dipt., 249. — Marin and Sonoma Co.; Cal. *aurifer O. Sacken, Western Dipt., 249. — Sierra Nevada, Cal. *cachinnans O. Sacken, Western Dipt., 250. — Sonoma Co., Cal. *lancifer O. Sacken, Western Dipt. 251., — San Francisco; Yosemite Valley. *metopium O. Sacken, Western Dipt., 249. — Marin Co., Cal. *major Linné, Fabricius, Meigen, etc.; O. Sacken, Western Dipt., 248. — Europe and California. bicolor Loew, Wien. Ent. Monatschr., V, 34. — Cuba. *haemorrhoicus Loew, Centur. IV, 46. — Cuba. helyus Wiedemann, Dipt. Exot. I, 164, 6 b; Auss. Zw. I, 336, 8. — Mexico. : plumipes Drury, Illustr. etc. Il; Tab. XX XIX, f. 3; Wiedemann, Auss. Zw. I, 351, 50. — Jamaica. *rayus Loew, Centur. IV, 50. — Matamoras. *semirufus Loew, Centur. X, 41. — San Domingo. Comastes. O. Sacken, Western Dipt., 256; 1877. (1°). *robustus O. Sacken, Western Dipt., 257. — Waco, Texas. rufus Olivier, Encycl Meth. I, 327, 8 (Bombylius). — West Indics Bombylius basilaris Wiedemann, Zool. Magaz. III, 46, 7 6: Dipt. Exot. I, 164, 7; Auss. Zw. I, 835 [Loew, Neue Beitr etc., II, 29, 51]. Systoechus. Loew, Neue Beitr. etc, III, 34; 1855 (ex parte); O. Sacken, Western Dipt , 250—253. *candidulus Loew, Centur. 1V, 51; O. Sacken, Western Dipt., 253. — Wisconsin (Lw.); Illinois, Kansas. *solitus Walker, List, etc. IL, 288 (Bombylws); O. Sacken, Western Dipt., 253. — Georgia, Florida. *vulgaris Loew, Centur. 1V, 52; O. Sacken, Western Dipt., 253. — Nebraska (Lw.); Iowa; Colorado; Illinois. *oreas O. Sacken, Western Dipt., 254. — Sierra Nevada, Cal. Anastoechus. O. Sacken, Western Dipt., 251; 1877. *barbatus O. Sacken, Western Dipt., 252. — Chcyenne, Wyoming; the same, or a similar species, all over the United States. Pantarbes. O. Sacken, Western Dipt., 254; 1877. *eapito O, Sacken, Western Dipt., 256. — Sonoma Co., Cal. BOMBYLIDAE. 93 Sparnopolius. Loew, Neue Beitr. etc., III, 48; 1855. *brevicornis Loew, Centur. X, 43; O. Sacken, Western Dipt., 259. — Texas. *coloradensis Grote, Proc. Ent. Soc. Phil. VI, 445; O. Sacken, Western Dipt., 259; — Colorado. eumatilis Grote, Proc. Ent. Soc. Phil. VI, 445. — Colorado. *fulyus Wiedemann, Dipt. Exot. I, 172, 22 (Bombylius); Auss. Zw. I, 347, 27 (id.); Loew, Neue Beitr. etc, HI, 43. — Atlantic States. Bombylius L’herminiert Macquart, Dipt. Exot. II, 1, 103, 44 [!]; Mab: WIL f. 7: Bombylius brevirostris Macquart, Dipt. Exot. IJ, 1, 103, 43 [!]. (7°). apertus Macquart, Dipt. Exot. 2° Suppl. 54, 50. (Bombylius). — Guadeloupe [Loew in litt. supposes this to belong to Dischistus]. Lordotus. Loew, Centur. IV, 53; 1863. *cribbus Loew, Centur. IV, 53; O. Sacken, Western Dipt., 258. — Matamoras (Lw.); Colorado; California. Adelidea flava Jaennicke, Neue Exot. Dipt. 39. — Mexico. (1%), *planus O. Sacken, Western Dipt., 258. — California. Ploas. Latreille, Dict. @hist. nat. Vol. XXIV; 1804. Meigen, System. Beschr. Il, Tab. 19, f. 6. pictipennis Macquart, Dipt. Exot. II, 1, 107, 2; Tab. IX, f 3. — Carolina. *amabilis O. Sacken, Western Dipt., 261. — Yosemite Valley, Cal. *atratula Loew, Centur. X, 44. — California. *fenestrata O. Sacken, Western Dipt., 260. — California. *nigripennis Loew, Centur. X, 45. — California. *obesula Loew, Centur. X, 46. — California. *rufula O. Sacken, Western Dipt., 261. — California. *limbata Loew, Centur. VIII, 51. — New Mexico. Paracosmus. O. Sacken, Western Dipt., 262; 1877; Allocotus Loew, Centur. X, ; 48; 1872. (268). *Edwardsii Loew, Centur. X, 48 (Allocotus). — San Francisco, Cal. Phthiria. Meigen in Illig. Mag. II, 268; 1803; Poecilognathus Jaennicke, Neue Exot. Dipt., 43. punctipennis Walker, List, ete. Il, 294. -— Georgia. 94 BOMBYLIDAE. *sulphurea Loew, Centur. III, 18; 0. Sacken, Western Dipt., 262, — New Jersey (Lw.); Texas and Colorado. *scolopax O. Sacken, Western Dipt., 263. — Manitou, Colorado. *egerminans Loew, Centur. X, 47. — California. *humilis O. Sacken, Western Dipt., 264. — Sonoma Co., California. *notata Loew, Centur. III, 19. — California. thlipsomyzoides Jaennicke, Neue Exot. Dipt. 48; Tab. I, f. il (Poecilognathus nov. gen.). — Mexico. (2°). , Geron. Meigen, System. Beschr. II, 223; 1820. *calvus Loew, Centur. 1V, 54. — New York. holosericeus Walker, List, ete. H, 295. — Georgia. *macropterus Loew, Centur. IX, 76. — New York. *senilis Fabricius, Ent. System. 1V, 411, 17; System. Antl. 135, 31 (Bombylius); Wiedemann, Auss. Zw. I, 357, 1; Macquart, Dipt. Exot. Suppl. 1,119. — West Indies (Wied.); Galveston, Texas \ Macq.). *subauratus Loew, Centur. IV, 55; compare also IX, 77, Nota. — Pennsylvania. *vitripennis Loew, Centur. 1X, 77. — Middle States. *albidipennis Loew, Centur. IX, 78. — California. insularis Bigot, in R. de la Sagra etc. 792. (Bombylius). — Cuba. rufipes Macquart, Dipt. Exot. Suppl. I, 119. — Yucatan. Systropus. Wiedemann, Nova Dipt. Genera, 1820; Cephenus Latreille, Fam. Natur. 1825, 496. *macer Loew, Centur. IV, 56; about the larva see O. Sacken, Western Dipt., 265. — Atlantic States (I have seen it from Kansas as the most western locality). *foenoides Westwood, Magazin de Zoologie 1842. Ins. Tab. 90, — The same in Trans. Ent. Soc. London 1876, 578. — Mexico. Lepidophora. Westwood, Lond. and Edinb. Phil. Mag. 1835. *aegeriiformis Westwood, Lond. and Edinb. Phil. Mag. 1835; VI, 447; Macquart, Dipt. Exot. Suppl. I, 115, 1; Tab. X, f. 1;.Gray, in Griffith’s Anim. Kingd. XV, Ins. 2, 779; Tab. 126, f. 6 (Ploas). — Georgia; Illinois; Kansas. appendiculata Macquart, Dipt. Exot. Suppl. I, 118, 2; Tab. XX, f. 4 (Toxophora). — Galveston, Texas. ledipocera Wiedemann, Auss. Zw. I, 360, 1; Tab. V, f. 4 (Toxophora) ; Macquart, Dipt. Exot. II, 1, 119; ibid. Suppl. I, 119: — No patria (Wied); North America? (Macq.). THEREVIDAE. 95 Toxophora. Meigen, in Illig. Mag. II. 270; 1803. *Amphitea Walker, List, etc. II, 298; O. Sacken, Western Dipt. 267. — Florida (Walk.); Middle and Southern States. americana Guérin, Iconogr. etc. Insectes, Tab. 95, f. 1 (No descrip- tion). — North America. leucopyga Wiedemann, Auss. Zw. I, 861, 2; Macquart, Dipt. Exot. Ty aeiit; Tabs XU, f. 1.,—.No locality in) Wiedemann; Carolina (Macq.); Georgia (Walker, List, etc. Il, 298 ,,Synon. of T. fulva?“ (2%). Toxophora fulva Gray, Griffith’s Anim. Kingd. XV, Ins. 2, 7793 Tab. 126, f. 5. *fulva O. Sacken (non Gray), Western Dipt., 267. — Georgia. *yirgata O. Sacken, Western Dipt., 266. — Texas, Georgia. Epibates. O. Sacken, Western Dipt. 268; 1877. (1°). funestus O. Sacken, Western Dipt., 271. — White Mts., N. H. Harrisii 0. Sacken, Western Dipt., 273. — Atlantic States (?). *niger Macquart, Hist. Nat. Dipt. 1, 390 (Apatomyza); Dipt. Exot. I, ¥, 111, 1; Tab: IV; £1 @d.); O. Sacken, Western Dipt., 273. — Georgia. (17). Cyllenia aegiale Walker, List, etc. II, 296 and ibid. IV, 1154. *luctifer O. Sacken, Western Dipt, 271. — Vancouver Isl. *magnus O. Sacken, Western Dipt., 272. — Vancouver Isl. *marginatus O. Sacken, Western Dipt., 272. — San Francisco, Cal. *muricatus O. Sacken, Western Dipt., 272. — Sierra Nevada, Cal.; Colorado Mts. (9000 feet altitude; Morrison). Osten Sackenii Burgess, Proc. Boston Soc. N. H., 1858, 823; Tab. IX, f. 1. — Southern Colorado; Upper Leavenworth Valley, Kansas. Thevenemyia. Bigot, Bullet. Soc. Ent. de France 1875, CLXXIV. (2°). californica Bigot, 1. ¢. — California. FAMILY THEREVIDAE. Psilocephala. Zetterstedt, Ins. Lapp. 525, Nota; 1840; Dipt. Scand. I, 211. *erythrura Loew, Centur. IX, 75. — Middle States. *melampodia Loew, Centur, VIII, 12. — Illinois. *munda Loew, Centur. VIII, 138. — Wisconsin. *melanoprocta Loew, Centur. VIII, 15. — Northern United States. *nigra Say, J. Acad. Phil. III, 40, 2; Compl. Wr. II, 57 (Thereva); Wiedemann, Auss. Zw. I, 235, 12 (id.). — United States. 96 THEREVIDAE. Thereva haemorrhoidalis Macquart; Dipt. Exot. II, 1, 26, 9 (@). *notata Wiedemann, Dipt. Exot. I, 114, 8; Auss. Zw. I, 236, 14 (Thereva). — Georgia. *pietipennis Wiedemann, Dipt. Exot. 113, 6 (Thereva); Auss. Zw. I, 235, 11 (éd.). — Georgia. *plataneala Loew, Zeitschr. fiir Ges. Naturw. Dec. 1876., 321. — Texas. *rufiventris Loew, Centur. VIII. 17. — Nebraska *seutellaris Loew, Centur. IX, 74. — Distr. Columbia. *vyariegata Loew, Centur. IX, 73. — Canada. *costalis Loew, Centur. VII, 16. — California. *Jaevigata Loew, Zeitschr. fir Ges. Naturw. Dec. 1876, 519. — San Francisco. *longipes Loew, Centur. VIII, 11. — Cuba. nigra Bellardi, Saggio, etc. Il, 92 (Dr. Schiner, in Novara etc. 146, identifies this species with one from Chile, but changes the name for P. penthoptera on account of P. nigra Say). — Mexico. *platycera Loew, Centur. II, 290, line 3 from bottom. Thereva laticornis Loew, Centur. VIII, 14. — Cuba [change of name by the author]. univittata Bellardi, Saggio, etc. II, 90. — Mexico. Sumichrasti Bellardi, Saggio, etc. Il, 91. — Mexico. Thereva. Latreille, Précis etc. 1796; Therewa (Loew). (7). *albiceps Loew, Centur. IX, 69. — Red River of the North; Lake Winnipeg. albifrons Say, J. Acad. Phil. VI, 156; Compl. Wr. II, 353. — Indiana. *candidata Loew, Centur. VUI, 10. — Northern United States; Canada. (16°), corusca Wiedemann, Auss. Zw. I, 232, 7. — East Florida, Thereva tergissa Say, J. Acad. Phil. UI, 39, 1 (Compl. Wr. II, 57). *flayicincta Loew, Centur. IX, 70. — Northern Wisconsin River; White Mts., N. H. frontalis Say, Long’s Exped. App. 370; Compl. Wr. I, 252; Wiede- mann, Auss. Zw. I, 230, 2. — N. W. Territory (Say). *gilvipes Loew, Centur. IX, 71. — Massachusetts. *strigipes Loew, Centur. IX, 72. — Lake Winnipsg. ruficornis Macquart, Dipt. Exot. I, 1, 25, 8. — Carolina. *comata Loew, Centur VIII, 9. — California. *fueata Loew, Centur. X, 387. — California. *hirticeps Loew, Berl. Ent. Zool. 1874, 382. — San Francisco. . *melanoneura Loew, Centur. X, 86. — California. *melanophleba Loew, Zeitschr. f. Ges. Naturw. 1876, 317. — San Francisco. *vialis O. Sacken, Western Dipt. 274. — Yosemite Valley, Calif. SCENOPINIDAE. 97 erassicornis Bellardi, Saggio, etc. II, 88; Tab. II, f. 16. — Mexico. argentata Bellardi, Saggio, etc. I], 89. — Mexico. Observation. Mr. Walker's Therevae: conspicua Walker, List, etc. I, 223. — Nova Scotia. germana Walker, List, etc. I, 222. — Florida. nervosa Walker, List, etc. I, 223. — Georgia. (17), senex Walker, List, etc. I, 224. — Nova Scotia. varia Walker, List, etc. I, 221. — Florida. vicina Walker, List, etc. I, 222. — Nova Scotia. Thereva plagiata (Harris) Walker is Stichopogon trifasciatus (Say). These species are represented in the Brit. Mus. by a single specimen each, except T. germana, of which there are two. Most of them will coincide I think with Say’s and Loew's species; the others will hardly be recognizable from Mr. Walker’s descriptions. Xestomyza. Wiedemann, Nova Dipt. Genera, 1820, *planiceps Loew, Centur. X, 38. — California. Observation. The genera Baryphora Loew, Stett. Ent. Z. 1844 p. 123; Tab. Il, f. 1—5, and Cionophora Egger, Verh. Zool. Bot. Ver. 1854; Tab. I, f. 1, 2 are evidently related to Xesto- myza, although Schiner has, perhaps prematurely, united them with it. The antennae of Baryphora, as figured by Loew, are remar- kably like those of Tabuda, but loox very different from the figure of the antennae of Cionophora. Tabuda. Walker, Dipt. Saund., 197; 1850—56. *fulvipes Walker, Dipt. Saund., 197; Tab. VI, f. 4. — New Jersey (Evett, Proc. Ent. Soc. Phil. I, 217); (Walker gives no locality); Georgia (coll. v. Roeder). FAMILY SCENOPINIDAE. Scenopinus. Latreille, Hist. Nat. des Cr. et des Ins. XIV; 1804. (*%4). *hulbosus O. Sacken, Western Dipt., 275. — Missouri. *fenestralis Linné, Meigen, etc. — Europe and North America. Scenopinus pallipes Say, J. Acad. Phil. TI, 100; Compl. Wr. JI, 86: Wiedemann, Auss. Zw. II, 233 [Loew, in Sillim. Journ N. S. XXXVII, 318]. *laevifrons Meigen, Loew, Verh. Zool. Bot. Ver. 1857. — Europe and North America. |The american specimens were identified by Loew; compare Sillim. Journ. 1. ¢.] *nubilipes Say, J. Acad. Phil. VI, 170; Compl. Wr. U, 362. — Indiana (Say); Cuba; Florida [Loew, i Uitt.]. *albidipennis Loew, Centur. VIII, 53. — Cuba. 10 98 CYRTIDAE. Pseudatrichia. O. Sacken, Western Dipt., 275; nomen novum vice Atrichia, Loew, Centur. VII, 76; 1866. longurio Loew, Centur. VII, 76 (Atrichia). — Mexico. FAMILY CYRTIDAE. (”) Acrocera. Meigen in Illiger’s Magaz.; 1803. *bimaculata Loew, Centur. VI, 53. — Distr. Columbia. bulla Westwood, Trans. Ent. Soc. V, 98. — New York. fasciata Wiedemann, Auss. Zw. II, 16, 2; Erichson, Ent. I, 166, 4. — Georgia. fumipennis Westwood, Trans. Ent. Soc. V, 98. — Georgia. nigrina Westwood, Trans. Ent. Soc. V, 98. — Georgia. obsoleta v. d. Wulp, Tijdschr. v. Ent. 2e Ser. IL, 139; Tab. III, f. 17. — Wisconsin. subfasciata Westwood, Trans. etc. V, 98. — New York. unguiculata Westwood, Trans. etc. V, 98. — Georgia. Opsebius. Costa, Rendic. di Soc. R. Borbon. Acad. d. Sc. V. 20; 1856. Pithogaster Loew, Wien. Ent. Monatschr. I, 33, 1857. (47%). *gagatinus Loew, Centur. VI, 34. — Pennsylvania. “sulphuripes Loew, Centur. IX, 68. — Sharon Springs, N. Y. “diligens O. Sacken, Western Dipt., 278. — Vancouver’s Isl. *paucus O. Sacken, Western Dipt., 279. — California. Pialoidea. Westwood, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. 1876, 514. magna Walker, List, etc. III, 511 (Cyrtus). — Georgia. Ocnaea. Erichson, Entomogr.; 1840. micans Erichson, Entomogr. I, 155, 1. — Mexico. *helluo O. Sacken, Western Dipt., 278. — Dallas, Texas. Apelleia. Bellardi, Saggio, etc. Append. 19, 1862. vittata Bellardi, Saggio, etc. App. p. 19, fig, 12. -- Mexico. Pterodontia. Gray, in Griffith's Anim. Kingd. 1832; see also Westwood, Tr. Ent. Soc. V. analis Westwood, Trans. Ent. Soc. V, 97. — Georgia. NB. There is another Pt. analis Macq. from New Granada. EMPIDAE. 99 flavipes Gray, in Griffith’s Anim. Kingd. CXXVIII, f. 3; Westwood, Trans. Ert. Soc. V, 96. — Georgia. *misella O. Sacken, Western Dipt., 277. — Oregon. Eulonchus. Gerstaecker, Stett. Ent. Zeit.; 1856. *marginatus O. Sacken, Western Dipt., 277. — Napa Valley, California. * sapphirinus O. Sacken, Western Dipt., 276. — Sierra Nevada, California. *smaragdinus Gerstaecker, Stett. Ent. Z. 1856, 360; O. Sacken, Western Dipt., 276. — San Francisco, California. *tristis Loew, Centur X, 19. — Coast Range Mts., California. asia. Wiedemann, Analecta etc.; 1824. *Kletti O. Sacken, in Lieut. W¥ecler’s Report Expl. and Surveys ete. , Vol. V, Zool. 804; with * oodeuts. — Camp Apache, Arizona. Oncodes. watreille, Précis etc. 154; 1796. *eostatus Loew, Centur. IX, 67. — Massachusetts. * dispar Macquart, Dipt. Exot. 5e Suppl. 67, 1; Tab. UJ, f. 12 (Henops).— Baltimore. *eugonatus Loew, Centur. X, 18. — Texas. *ineultus O. Sacken, Western Dipt., 279. — White Mts., N. H. *pallidipennis Loew, Centur. VI, 32. — Pennsylvania. *melampus Loew, Centur. X, 17. — California. Philopota. Wiedemann, Auss. Zw. II, 17; Tab. 9, f. 1; 1830. Truquii Bellardi, Saggio, ete. I, 77; Tab. II. f. 20. — Mexico. FAMILY EMPIDAE. SECTION HYBOTINA, Eiybos. Meigen, in Illiger’s Magaz. II; 1803. purpureus Walker, List, etc. IIIf, 486. — Georgia. reversus Walker, 1. c. 487. — Trenton Falls. subjectus Walker, 1. c. 487. — Huds. B. Terr. *triplex Walker, List, etc. III, 486. — Trenton Falls. (+74). Hybos-duplex Walker, List, etc. III, 486. dimidiata Loew, Wien. Ent. Monatschr. V, 36. — Cuba. dimidiata Bellardi, Saggio, etc. I], 97. — Mexico. (This and the preceding species where published in the same year, 1861.) 100 EMPIDAE. Syneches. Walker, Dipt. Saund., 165; 1850—56; Loew, Dipternfauna Siidafrika’s, 259; Pterospilus Rondani. (3%). *albonotatus Loew, Centur. II, 18. — Distr. Columbia. *pusillus Loew, Centur. I, 25. — New York; Chicago. *rufus Loew, Centur. I, 24. — New York; Chicago. *simplex Walker, Dipt. Saund., 165; Tab. V,f.7 (Syneches). — Atlantic States. Syneches punctipennis vy. d. Wulp, Tijdschr. v. Ent. 24 Ser. II, 139; Tab. III, f. 18—21 (Loew, Zeitschr. f. Ges. Naturw. Vol. XXXVII, 115]. *thoracicus Say, J. Acad. Phil. III, 76, 1; Compl. Wr. Il, 68 (Hybos) ; Wiedemann, Auss. Zw. I, 538, 3 (éd.); Macquart, Dipt. Exot. I, 2, 156, 1; Tab. XIII, f. 1 (éd.). — Atlantic States. Syndyas. Loew, Dipternfauna Siidafrika’s, 260; 1860. (175), *dorsalis Loew, Centur. I, 26. — New York. *polita Loew, Centur. I, 27. — Carolina. Brachystoma. Meigen, System. Beschr. III, 12; 1822. *binummus Loew, Centur. IH, 16. — Distr. Columbia. *nigrimana Loew, Centur. IT, 17. — Hlinois. *serrulata Loew, Centur. I, 23. — Georgia; Ohio. Observation. In a note to Centur. II, 17 Loew proposes for these three species the formation of a new genus, Blepharoprocta, distinguished by the first submarginal cell being closed. Ocydromia. Meigen, System. Beschr. H, 311; 1820. peregrinata Walker, List, etc. III, 488. — Trenton Falls. glabricula Fallen, Meigen, ete. — Europe and Sitka (Loew, 7m Uitt.). SECTION EMPINA. (*”). Empis. Linné, Fauna Suecica; 1763; Meigen, System. Beschr. III, 15. Abcirus Walker, List, etc. III, 494. — Georgia. Aghastus Walker, List, etc. III, 496. — Huds. B. Terr. Amytis Walker, List, etc. UI, 493. — New York. *armipes Loew, Centur. I, 32. — New York. Colonica Walker, List, etc. III, 498. — Nova Scotia. Cormus Walker, List, etc. HI, 496. — Huds. B. Terr. distans Loew, Centur. VII, 54. — Georgia. Eudamides Walker, List, ete. HI, 493. — North America. EMPIDAE, 101 geniculata Kirby, N. Am. Zool. Ins. 311, 2. — British America. laniventris Eschscholz, Ent. I, 113, 83; Wiedemann, Auss. Zw. II, 6, 12; Macquart, Dipt. Exot. I, 2, 162 (Hriogaster n. gen.). — Unalaschka. *Jabiata Loew, Centur. I, 33. — Distr. Columbia. *laevigata Loew, Centur. V, 49. — White Mts., N. H. “leptogastra Loew, Centur. III, 30. — Distr. Columbia.’ *“Jongipes Loew, Centur. V, 51. — Lake George, N. Y.; New Jersey. Iuctuosa Kirby, N. Am. Zool. Ins. 311, 1. — British America. *nuda Loew, Centur. II, 20. — Illinois. Ollius Walker, List, etc. III, 493. — Nova Scotia *obesa Loew, Centur. I, 28. — Massachusetts. “pallida Loew, Centur. I, 30. — New York. *poeciloptera Loew, Centur. I, 31. — New York. *poplitea Loew, Centur. II, 29. — Sitka. reciproca Walker, Trans. Ent. Soc. N. S. IV, 147. -~ Mnited States. *rufescens Loew, Centur. V, 52. — White Mts. N. H. *sordida Loew, Centur. I, 29. — Distr. Columbia. *spectabilis Loew, Centur. I], 21. — Maryland. *stenoptera Loew, Centur. V, 50. — White Mts., N. HL *varipes Loew, Centur. I, 34. — Pennsylvania. *parbata Loew, Centur. IJ, 19. — California. atra Wiedemann, Auss. Zw. II, 1, 1. — St. Croix. bicolor Bellardi, Saggio, etc. I, 98. — Mexico. eyanea Bellardi, Saggio, etc. I, 98. — Mexico. *spiloptera Wiedemann, Auss. Zw. IJ, 5, 10. - Mexico. EXmpis picta Loew, Centur. III, 28 and Vol. I, 261, where the syuonymy is acknowledged. stavis Loew, Centur. VIII, 56 — Mexico (type in Berl. Mus.). superba Loew, Wien. Ent Mon. V, 36; Centur. VIII, 57. — Cuba totipennis Bellardi, Saggio, etc. HI, 99. — Mexico. violacea Loew, Centur. VIII, 55. — Mexico (type in Berl. Mus.). Pachymeria. Stephens, System. Catal. 1829; Macquart, H. N. Dipt. I, 333, Pachymerina; but in Vol. II, 657 he adopts Stephens’s earlier name. (*%%). *brevis Loew, Centur. II, 22. — Distr. Columbia. *pudica Loew, Centur. I, 35; Wien. Ent. Monatschr. VII, 12, 5 (the Pachymeria tumida quoted there as a synonym of P. pudica, does not exist). — Distr. Columbia. Kteaphila. Zetterstedt, Ins. Lapponica 541; 1840. (27°). *Macquartii Zetterstedt, Ins. Lapponica 541. — Northern Sweden; also in North America (White Mts.; Quebec). 102 EMPIDAE, Microphorus. Macquart, Dipt. du Nord etc. 140; 1827; Trichina Meigen. (1"8), drapetoides Walker, List, etc. III, 489. — Huds. B. Terr. Rhamphomyia. Meigen, System. Beschr. Il]; 1822. Agasicles Walker, List, etc. II, 499. — Huds. B. Terr. americana Wiedemann, Auss. Zw. II, 8, 3. — North America. Anaxo Walker, List, etc IH, 500. — Huds. B. Terr. *angustipennis Loew, Centur. I, 55. — New York. *aperta Loew, Centur. II, 27. — Illinois. *basalis Loew, Centur. V, 54. — White Mts., N. H. *brevis Loew, Centur. I, 52. — Distr. Columbia. *candicans Loew, Centur. V, 61. — White Mts., N. H. *elavigera Loew, Centur. I, 53. — New York. cilipes Say, J. Acad. Phil. III, 95, 2; Compl. Wr. Il, 83 (Eimpisy; Wiedemann, Auss. Zw. II, 7, 2. — Ohio. *eonjuncta Loew, Centur. I, 56. — Distr. Columbia. Cophas Walker, List, etc. II, 499. — New York. *eorvina Loew, Centur. I, 51. — New York. * erassinervis Loew, Centur. I, 59. — New York. Dana Walker, List, etc. HI, 502. — Huds. B Terr, Daria Walker, List, etc. III, 503 — New York. *debilis Loew, Centur. I, 45. — Saskatchewan. *dimidiata Loew, Centur. I, 36. — Maryland; Massachusetts. Eeetra Walker, List, etc. III, 500. — Georgia. *exigua Loew, Centur. II, 32. — Illinois; Distr. Columbia. expulsa Walker, Trans. Ent. Soc. N. 8. IV, 148. — United States. Ficana Walker, List, etc. HI, 501. — Huds. B. Terr. flavirostris Walker, List, etc. II], 501. — Huds. B. Terr. *frontalis Loew, Centur. I, 28. — Illinois. *fumosa Loew, Centur. I, 39. — New York; Distr Columbia. *gilvipes Loew, Centur. I, 48. — New York; Illinois. *glabra Loew, Centur. I, 41. — Virginia; Illinois; Distr. Columbia. * gracilis Loew, Centur. I, 48. — Pennsylvania. *hirtipes Loew, Centur. V, 59. — White Mts., N. H. *impedita Loew, Centur. H, 31. — Illinois; Distr. Columbia. *incompleta Loew, Centur. III, 31. — Distr. Columbia. *irregularis Loew, Centur. V, 60. — White Mts., N. H. laevigata Loew, Centur. I, 37. — Nebraska. *leucoptera Loew, Centur. I, 62. — Distr. Columbia. *limbata Loew, Centur. I, 60. — Distr. Columbia. *liturata Loew, Centur. I, 61. — Distr. Columbia *longicauda Loew, Centur. I, 38. — Distr. Columbia. *longicornis Loew, Centur. I, 47. — Distr, Columbia. *Jongipennis Loew, Centur. I, 46. — Distr. Columbia. *luetifera Loew, Centur. I, 50. — New York. *luteiventris Loew, Centur. V, 57. — White Mts, N. IL EMPIDAE. 103 *macilenta Loew, Centur. V, 55. — White Mts., N. H. Mallos Walker, List, etc. III, 502. — Huds. B. Terr. Minytus Walker, List, etc. III, 502. — Huds. B. Terr. *mutabilis Loew, Centur. If, 26. — Illinois. *nana Loew, Centur. I, 64. — Maryland. *nigricans Loew, Centur. V, 58. — White Mts, N. H. nigrita Zetterstedt, Ins. Lapp. 567; Staiger, Groenl. Antl. 357, 22; Holmgren, Ins. Nordgroenl, 100. — Greenland. Empis borealis Fabricius, Fauna Groenl. 211, 174 [Schiddte]. nitidivittata Macquart, Dipt. Exot., let Suppl. 97, 2. — Galveston, Texas. Phemius Walker, List, etc. IN, 500. — Huds. B. Terr. *pectinata Loew, Centur. I, 49. — Distr. Columbia. *polita Loew, Centur. H, 29. — Illinois; Distr. Columbia. *priapulus Loew, Centur. I, 54. — Maryland. pulchra Loew, Centur. I, 40. — New York. *pulla Loew, Centur. I, 44. — Connecticut. *pusio Loew, Centur. I, 63. — Maryland. quinquelineata Say, J. Acad. Phil. IJ, 95; Compl. Wr. I, 82 (Empis) ; Wiedemann, Auss. Zw. I, 7, 1. — Missouri. rufirostris Say, J. Acad. Phil. II, 159; Compl. Wr. Il, 355. — Indiana. *rava Loew, Centur. Il, 25. — Illinois. *yustica Loew, Centur. V, 56. — White Mts., N. H. *scolopacea Say, J. Acad. Phil. II, 96, 8; Compl. Wr. II, 83 (Zimpis) ; Wiedemann, Auss Zw. Il, 8, 4. — Pennsylvania. *sellata Loew, Centur. I, 42. — Distr. Columbia. *socecata Loew, Centur. I, 67. — Mississippi. *sordida Loew, Centur. I, 58. — Distr. Columbia. *testacea Loew, Centur. II, 24. — Illinois; Maryland; Distr. Columbia. *tristis Walker, Trans. Ent. Soc. N. 8. IV, 148. — United States. *umbilicata Loew, Centur. 1, 65. — Pennsylvania; Maine (,,Mexico“ in the Centuries is an error). *aumbrosa Loew, Centur. V, 53. — White Mts., N. H. *ungulata Loew, Centur. I, 66. — Maine (,,Mexico“ in the Centuries is erroneous). *nnimaculata Loew, Centur. II, 33. — Illinois; Distr. Columbia. *vara Loew, Centur. I, 57. — Nebraska. *vittata Loew, Centur, IH, 23. — Illinois. *luctuosa Loew, Centur. Vol. II, 290, line 2 from bottom. (Change of name.) Rhamphomyia lugens, Loew, Centur. II, 30. — California, Wilara. Meigen, System. Beschr. IIL; 1822. *atra Loew, Centur. II, 42. — Illinois. *basalis Loew, Centur. II, 45. — Illinois. *breyipila Loew, Centur. I', 41. — Mlinois. 104 EMPIDAE, *femorata Loew, Centur. IJ, 35. — Maryland. “gracilis Loew, Centur. II, 44. — Pennsylvania. “leucoptera Loew, Centur. II, 43. — Florida. “lutea Loew, Centur. III, 33. — Distr. Columbia. “macroptera Loew, Centur. IJ, 32. — Distr. Columbia. migrata Walker, List, etc. III, 491. — Huds. B. Terr. *mutabilis Loew, Centur. II, 40. — Illinois. “nigriventris Loew, Centur. II, 38. — Pennsylvania. plebeja Walker, Trans. Ent. Soc. N. S. IV, 148. — United States. *seriata Loew, Centur. V, 63. — White Mts., N. H *“testacea Loew, Centur. V, 64. — White Mts., N. H. (the typical spe- cimens are from New Rochelle, N. Y.). transfuga Walker, List, etc. Ill, 492. — Huds. B. Terr. *tristis Loew, Centur. V, 62. — White Mts., N. H. *trivittata Loew, Centur. II, 39. — Illinois. *umbrosa Loew, Centur. II, 34. — Illinois. *unicolor Loew, Centur. H, 37. — Maryland. *velutina Loew, Centur. II, 36. — Distr. Columbia. Hormopeza. Zetterstedt, Ins. Lapp. 540; 1840. *“brevicornis Loew, Centur. V, 65. — Yukon River, Alaska. *nigricans Loew, Centur. V, 66. — Yukon River, Alaska. GLlomias Meigen, System. Beschr. III, 14; 1822. Phthia Walker, List, etc. HII, 492. — Trenton Falls, N. Y. [,Is not a Gloma* ; Loew in litt.] *obseura Loew, Centur. V, 68. — White Mts., N. H. *rufa Loew, Centur. V, 67. — White Mts., N. H. Cyrtoma. Meigen, System. Beschr. [V, 1; 1824. *femorata Loew, Centur. V, 69. — White Mts., N. H. *halteralis Loew, Centur. IJ, 46. — Distr. Columbia. *“longipes Loew, Centur. II, 47. — Illinois; Pennsylvania. *pilipes Loew, Centur. II, 48. — Illinois. Vid. Nr. 411. * procera Loew, Centur. V, 70. — Sitka. Leptopeza. Macquart, Dipt. du Nord etc.; 1827. *flavipes Meigen, System. Beschr. II, 353. — Europe and North America (Saskatchewan Niv.). SECTION TACHYDROMINA. Stilpon. Loew, Neue Beitrage VI, 34, line 21 from top; also p. 43; 1859. (*"°). *yaripes Loew, Centur. II, 58. — Pennsylvania. EMPIDAE. 105 Drapetis. Meigen, System. Beschr. III; 1822. (17°), *divergens Loew, Centur. X, 62. — Texas. *gilvipes Loew, Centur. X. 61. — Texas. nigra Meigen, Macquart, etc. — Europe and North America (according to Walker, List, etc. III, 511). *pubescens Loew, Centur. Il, 57. — New York. *unipila Loew, Centur. X, 60. — Texas. Vachydromia. Meigen, Illiger’s Magaz. 1803; System. Beschr. III, 67, Divis. B (on the plate, the genus is called Sicus); Loew, Schles Z. fiir Entom. 1863. Platypalpus Macquart, Dipt. du Nord etc.; Schiner, Fauna Austriaca. Compare note (18°). All the species enumerated below where described by Dr. Loew as Platypalpus ; but in the Centuries, Vol. Ul, page 289 he recommends to change the name for Tachydromia. *aequalis Loew, Centur. V, 75. — Illinois. Alexippus Walker, List, etc. III, 510. — Huds. B. Terr. *apicalis Loew, Centur. V, 79. — Pennsylvania. *debilis Loew, Centur. III, 37. — Distr. Columbia. *discifer Loew, Centur. II, 36. — Distr. Columbia. *flavirostris Loew, Centur. V, 80. — White Mts., N. H. *laeta Loew, Centur. V, 81. — White Mts., N. H. *lateralis Loew, Centur. V, 78. — White Mts., N. H. *mesogramma Loew, Centur. 411, 38. — Distr. Columbia; New York. *pachyenema Loew, Centur. V, 77. — Distr. Columbia; Tarrytown, New York. *trivialis Loew, Centur. V, 76. — Maine; Distr. Columbia. viearius Walker, Trans. Ent Soc. N. Ser. IV, 149. — United States. Bacis Walker, List, etc. II, 510. — Jamaica. Phoneutisea. Loew, Centur. III, 35; 1863. *bimaculata Loew, Centur. HI, 35. — Sitka. Tachypeza. Meigen, System. Beschr. VI, p. 341, 1830; and VII, p. 94, 1838 (Tachy- dromia Meig. Div. A.; Tachydromia Macquart, Schiner). (1°°). *elavipes Loew, Centur. V, 73. — Illinois. fenestrata Say, J. Acad. Phil. III, 95; Compl. Wr. II, 82 (Sicus); Wiedemann, Auss. Zw. II, 12, 1 (Tachydromia). — Middle States. maculipennis Walker, List, ete. III, 507 (Tachydromia). — Huds. B. Terr. portaecola Walker, 1. c. IT, 506 (Tachydromia). — Huds. B. Terr. postica Walker, Trans. Ent. Soc, N. 8. IV, 149 (Zachydromia. — United States. 106 EMP:DAR. *pusilla Loew, Centur. V, 74. — Illinois. *rapax Loew, Centur. V, 71. — Illinois. *rostrata Loew, Centur. V, 72. — White Mts., N. H.; New York. similis Walker, List, etc. II1, 506 (Tachydromia). — Huds. B. Terr. vittipennis Walker, Trans. Ent. Soc. N. Ser. IV, 149 (Tachydromia). — United: States. *Winthemi Zetterstedt, Insecta Lapp. 548; Dipt. Scand. I, 321. — Northern Europe; White Mts., N. H. (Found by me on the walls of the Half-Way House on Mount Washington). Ardoptera. Macquart, Dipt. du Nord etc.; 1827. (784), *irrorata Fallen, Meigen, etc.; Walker, Ins. Brit. I, 103, 1; Tab. II, f. 5. — Europe and North America. [Loew in litt.} Synamphotera. Loew, Zeitschr. fiir Ges. Naturw. Vol. XI, 453; 1858; compare also the same, Beschr. Eur. Dipt. II, 255. (1°). *bicolor Loew, Centur. HI, 34. — Sitka. Hiemerodromia. Meigen, System. Beschr. III, 1822. (1°), albipes Walker, List, etc. HII, 505. — Huds. B. Terr. *defecta Loew, Centur. Il, 55. — Distr. Columbia. *notata Loew, Centur. II, 53. — Illinois; Pennsylvania.: *obsoleta Loew, Centur. II, 52. — Illinois; Maryland. precatoria Meigen, etc. — Europe and North America Huds. B. Terr. according to Walker, List, etc. I, 505). *seapularis Loew, Certur. I, 54. — Maryland. superstitiosa Say, Long’s Exped. App. 376; Compl. Wr. I, 255; Wiedemann, Auss. Zw. II, 11, 1. — N. W. Territory (Say). (**). *valida Loew, Centur. II, 51. — Huds. B. Terr. *vittata Loew, Centur. 11, 56. -— Distr. Columbia (Loew); Goat Isl., Niagara Falls. (?) Ochthera empiformis Say, J. Acad. Phil. II, 99; Compl. Wr. II, 85; compare Loew, Monogr. I, 159. Climocera. Meigen, Illiger’s Magaz. II, 271; 1803. (1*°). *binotata Loew, Zeitschr. fir ges. Naturw. 1876, 325. — New York. *fuscipennis Loew, Zeitschr. fir ges. Naturw. 1876, 324. — White Mts., N. H. *lineata Loew, Centur. I, 50. — Pennsylvania. *simplex Loew, Centur. I, 49. — Huds. B. Terr. (?, Heliodromia longipes Walker, List, etc. III, 504. — Huds. B. Terr. *conjuncta Loew, Wiener Ent. Monatschr. IV, 79. — Middle States. *maculata Loew, Wiener Ent. Monatschr. IV, 79. — Middle States, DOLICHOPODIDAE. 107 FAMILY DOLICHOPODIDAE. (*: Hygroceleuthus. Loew, Neue Beitr. V, 1857; Monogr. II, 16. *latipes Loew, Neue Beitr. VIII, 5; Monogr. II, 17. — Red River of the North; Illinois. *afflictus O. Sacken, Western Dipt., 313. — Marine Co., California. *erenatus O. Sacken, Western Dipt., 312. — Sonoma Co., California. lamellicornis Thomson, Eugenies Resa, 511 (Dolichopus); compare also O, Sacken, Western Diptera, 313, — California. Dolichopus. Latreille, Précis etc.; 1797. Loew, Monogr. II, 18. *acuminatus Loew, Neue Beitr. VII, 12, 4; Monogr. II, 34. — Illinois, *albiciliatus Loew, Centur. 1], 59; Monogr. I, 31. — Illinois, Western New York. *patillifer Loew, Neue Beitr. VIII, 15, 10; Monogr. I, 45. — Atlantic States. *bifractus Loew, Neue Beitr. VII, 19, 17; Monogr. If, 538. — Northern United States. *preyimanus Loew, Neue Beitr. VHI, 14, 8; Monogr. I, 39. — Distr. Columbia. *breyipennis Meigen; Loew, Monogr. II, 37. — Europe; British North America (Fort Resolution) *ehrysostomus Loew, Neue Beitr, VIII, 25, 24; Monogr. II, 67. — Distr. Columbia. *comatus Loew, Neue Beitr. VII, 23, 25; Monogr. Il. 69. — Middle States. *cuprinus Wiedemann, Auss. Zw. II, 230; Loew. Neue Beitr. VIII, 20, 19; Monogr. I, 55. — Atlantic States. Dolichopus cupreus Say, J. Acad. Phil. HI, 86, 9; Compl. Wr. I, 76. [Change of name by Wied.]. *detersus Loew, Centur. VII, 79. — Western New York. *dorycerus Loew, Centur. V, 85; Monogr. II, 326. - White Mts., N. H. *discifer Stannius; Loew, Monogr. II, 71. — Europe; British North America; New York; White Mts., N. H.; Sitka. Dolichopus tanypus, Loew, Neue Beitr. VIII, 24, 26 [Loew]. *eudactylus Loew, Neue Beitr. VIII, 16, 11; Monogr. I, 46. — Massachu- setts; New York. *funditor Loew, Neue Beitr. VI, 22, 23; Monogr. II, 66. — Middle States. *fulvipes Loew, Centur. II, 61; Monogr. I, 61. — Illinois; White Mts., N. H.; New York. *gratus Loew, Neue Beitr. VIII, 11, 1; Monogr. II, 29. — New York; New Jersey. 108 DOLICHOPODIDAE. groenlandicus Zetterstedt, Dipt. Scand. II, 528; Staeger, Groen]. Antl. 358, 23; Holmgren, Ins. Nordgroenl, 100. — Greenland. *hastatus Loew, Monogr. II, 59. — Sitka. *ineisuralis Loew, Neue Beitr. VIII, 25, 28; Monogr. II, 74. — New York. *laticornis Loew, Neue Beitr. VII, 12, 2; Monogr. I!, 29. — Connecticut. *“lobatus Loew, Neue Beitr. VIII, 24, 27; Monogr. II, 72. — Illinois; British North America. *longimanus Loew, Neue Beitr. VIII, 14, 7; Monogr. I], 39. — British North America and Northern United States. *longipennis Loew, Neue Beitr. VIII, 21, 20; Monogr. II, 57. — Middle States. *luteipennis Loew, Neue Beitr. VII, 18, 15; Monogr. II, 51. — Distr. Columbia; Illinois. *melanocerus Loew, Centur. V, 86; Monogr. II, 380. —- Canada. *nudus Loew, Monogr. IJ, 41. — Brit. North America (Fort Resolution). *ovatus Loew, Neue Beitr. VIVJ, 13, 5; Monogr. II, 35. — Middle States; Illinois. *pachyenemus Loew, Neue Beitr. VIII, 138, 6; Monogr. Il, 36. — Middle States. *palaestricus Loew, Centur. V, 84; Monogr. II, 828. — White Mts., N. H. *platyprosopus Loew, Centur. VII, 80. — British North America. *plumipes Scopoli, Loew, Monogr. II, 60. — Europe; Sitka; Quebec. Dolichopus pennitarsis Fallen (Loew, 1. c.). *praeustus Loew, Centur. II, 62; Monogr. H, 68. — Illinois. *pugil Loew, Centur. VU, 77. — Canada; Massachusetts. *quadrilamellatus Loew, Centur. V, 83, Monogr. II, 351. — New Jersey. *ramifer Loew, Neue Beitr. VIII, 19, 16; Monogr. I], 52. — Northern United States, Nebraska, Lake Winnipeg. *ruficornis Loew, Neue Beitr. VIII, 21, 21; Monogr. II, 63. — Middle States. *sarotes Loew, Centur. VI, 81. — Illinois. *scapularis Loew, Neue Beitr. VIII, 22, 22; Monogr. II, 64. — Middle States. *seoparius Loew, Monogr. II, 70, — Northern Atlantic States. * setifer Loew, Neue Beitr. VIII. 12,3; Monogr. I, 31. — Distr. Columbia; New York; Newport, R. J. *setosus Loew, Centur. II, 63; Monogr. II, 73. — Massachusetts. *sexarticulatus Loew, Monogr. II, 62. — Distr. Columbia. *socius Loew, Centur. Il, 60; Monogr. Il, 40. — Illinois; Western New York. *splendidus Loew, Neue Beitr. VII, 14, 9; Monogr. I, 44. — Illinois. *splendidulus Loew, Centur. V, 82; Monogr. H, 327. — White _ Mis. N-H. *Stenhammari Zetterstedt, Dipt. Scand. II, 521. — Northern Sweden and Lapland; Sloop Harbor, Labrador, July 19. (A. S. Packard). * subciliatus Loew, Monogr, II, 43. — Brit. North America (Fort Reso- lution). “tener Loew, Neue Beitr. VUI, 17, 13; Monogr. II, 49. — Chicago. DOLICHOPODIDAE. 109 *terminalis Loew, Centur, VII, 78. — Western New York (Geresseo’. *tetricus Loew, Monogr. II, 33. — Brit. North America (Fort Resolutior). *tonsus Loew, Neue Beitr. VIJJ, 16, 12; Monogr. II, 47. — Distr. Columbia. *variabilis Loew, Neue Beitr VIII, 17, 14; Monogr. II, 50. — New York. *vittatus Loew, Neue Beitr. VII, 20, 18; Monogr. II, 55. — Illinois; New York. *xanthocnemus Loew, Monogr. II, 21. — Sitka. aurifer Thomson, Eug. Resa ete. 512. * canaliculatus Thomson, Eugenies Resa, 512; O, Sacken, Western Dipt. 315. — California (Marin Co.). *eorax O. Sacken, Western Dipt. 314. — Sierra Nevada, Cal. metatarsalis Thomson, Eugenies Resa 512. — California. *pollex O. Sacken. Western Dipt. 314. — Sierra Nevada, Cal. (The following species of Dolichopus, published by previous authors haye not been identified by Mr. Loew, and most of them never will be, on acount of their incomplete descriptions. These descriptions are reproduced in the Appendix to Monogr. Vol. Il, page 289-320. A critical examination, by Mr. Loew, of these species is given in the same volume page 20—24.] abdominalis Say, J. Acad. Phil. VI, 170; Compl. Wr. II, 862. — Indiana. adjacens Walker, List, etc. III, 661. — Huds. B. affinis Walker, List, etc. III, 659. — Nova Scotia. bifrons Walker, Dipt. Saund. III. 212 [perhaps Pelastonewrus Lw. 1. ¢.]. — United States. elliatus Walker, List, etc, III, 661. — Huds. B. coercens Walker, List, etc. III, 661. — New York. confinis Walker, 1. c. 664. — Huds. bh. consors Walker, Dipt. Saund. III, 213. — United States. conterminus Walker, List, etc. III, 664. — New York. contingens Walker, Dipt. Saund, III, 213. — United States, contiguus Walker, List, etc. III, 663. — New York. discessus Walker, List, etc. Ill, 662. — Massachusets. distractus Walker, 1. c. II, 662. — New York. exclusus Walker, 1. c. III, 663. — Huds. B. Terr. finitus Walker, 1. c. II], 662. -- New York. hebes Walker, Dipt. Saund. III, 213. — United States, heteroneurus Macquart, Dipt. Exot. 4e Suppl. 128, 5; Tab. XII,*f, 10. [Pelastonewrus orParaclius? — Lw. |. ¢.]. — North America. ineptus Walker, Dipt. Saund. III, 214. — United States, irrasus Walker, List, etc. III, 767. — Florida. lamellipes Walker, List, ctc. II, 660. — Huds. B, Terr. maculipes Walker, Dipt. Saund. III, 214 [perhaps Pelastoneurus — Lw. 1. c.]. — United States. obscurus Say, J. Acad. Phil. III, 85, 4; Wiedemann, Auss. Zw. II, 232, 6- {evidently a Gymnopternus — Lw. 1. ¢.]. — Pennsylvania. pulcher Walker, Dipt. Saund. II, 215 [perhaps Gymnopternus — Lw. 1, c.]. — United States. remotus Walker, List, etc. II, 666. — North America. separatus Walker, 1. c. 665. — Huds. B. Terr. sequax Walker, 1. c. Ill, 666. — Huds. B. Terr. soccatus Walker, List, etc. III, 666. — Huds. B. Terr. terminatus Walker, List, etc. III, 665. — North America, varius Walker, Dipt. Saund, ILI, 21 . — United States. 110 DOLICHOPODIDAE. Gymnopternus. Loew, Neue Beitr. V; 1857; Monogr. II, 75. *albiceps Loew, Neue Beitr. VIII, 30, 7; Monogr. II, 85. — Middle States. : *barbatulus Loew, Neue Beitr. VIII, 29, 2; Monogr. II, 82. — Middle States. *chalcochrus Loew, Monogr. II, 335. — New York; Distr. Columbia. * coxalis Loew, .Centur. V, 87; Monogr. IJ, 335. — New York. *crassicauda Loew, Neue Beitr. Vill, 35, 20; Monogr. Il, 96. — New York. *debilis Loew, Neue Beitr. VII, 385, 19; Monogr. II, 95. — Penn- sylvania. * despicatus Loew, Neue Beitr. VU, 33, 13; Monogr. II, 90. — Middle States. * difficilis Loew, Neue Beitr. VIII, 33, 14; Monogr. I, 91. — New York. *exiguus Loew, Monogr. H, 337. — Illinois. *exilis Loew, Neue Beitr. VIII, 30, 5; Monogr. II, 84. — Pennsylvania. *fimbriatus Loew, Neue Beitr. V.II, 32, 12; Monogr. iI, 89. — Maryland. *flavus Loew, Neue Beitr. VIII, 28, 1; Monogr. II, 80. — Pennsylvania. *frequens Loew, Neue Beitr. VIII, 32, 10; Monogr. II, 88. — Middle States. *humilis Loew, Monogr II, 336. — New York; Illinois. *laevigatus Loew, Neue Beitr. VIII, 31, 9; Monogr. I, 87. — Middle States. *Junifer Loew, Neue Beitr. VII, 32, 11; Monogr. II, 89. — New York. *meniseus Loew, Centur. V, 68; Monogr. II, 336. — Distr. Columbia. *minutus Loew, Neue Beitr. VIII, 35, 21; Monogr. II, 96. — Middle States. *nigribarbus Loew, Neue Beitr. VU, 35, 15; Monogr. II, 91. — Penn- sylvania *opacus Loew, Neue Beitr. VIII, 34, 17; Monogr. II, 95. — New York. *parvicornis Loew, Neue Beitr. VIII, 34, 16; Monogr. II, 92. — Middle States. *phyllophorus Loew, Centur. VII, 82. — Lake George, N. Y. *politus Loew, Neue Beitr. VIII, 34, 18; Monogr. HU, 94 and 334, — New York. *pusillus Loew, Monogr. II, 334. — Illinois. *scotias Loew, Neue Beitr. VUI, 29, 3; Monogr. I, 81. — British North America (Lake Winnipeg). *spectabilis Loew, Neue Beitr. VIII, 80, 5; Monogr. I], 85. — New York. *subdilatatus Loew, Neue Beitr. VIII, 31, 8; Monogr. Il, 86. — Middle States. *subulatus Loew, Neue Beitr. VIII, 29, 2; Monogr. II, 80. — New York. *tristis Loew, Monogr. Il, 83. — Sitka. *ventralis Loew, Neue Beitr. VIII, 36, 22; Monogr. II, 97. — New York; Distr. Columbia. DOLICHOPODIDAE. {is Observation. Dol. obscurus Say, is probably a Gymnopternus ; compare Loew, Monogr. I, 20. Paraclius. Paracleius, Bigot, Ann. Soc. Ent. 1859, 215; amended in Loew, Monogr. II, 97; 1864. albonotatus Loew, Monogr. II, 102. — New Orleans. *elaviculatus Loew, Centur. VII, 83. — New oe New York. *pumilio Loew, Centur. X, 63. — Texas. *arcuatus Loew, Neue Beitr. VUI, 39, 4; Monogr. II, 101. — Cuba. Pelastoneurus. Loew, Neue Beitr. VIII; 1861; Monogr. II, 103. *abbreviatus Loew, Centur. V, 89; Monogr. II, 338. — New Rochelle, New York. *alternans Loew, Centur. V, 91; Monogr. II, 339. — New Rochelle, New York. *eognatus Loew, Monogr. II, 109. -- Middle States; Texas. *fureifer Loew, Centur. X, 64. — Texas. *laetus Loew, Neue Beitr. VIII, 88, 3; Monogr. II, 106. — Georgia; Distr. Columbia. *jJamellatus Loew, Centur. V, 90; Monogr. II, 338. — New York. *longicauda Loew, Neue Beitr. VII, 37, 1; Monogr. II, 104. — - New York. *lugubris Loew, Neue Beitr. VIII, 38, 2; Monogr. I, 105. — Trenton Falls, New York. *vagans Loew, Neue Beitr. VIII, 39, 5; Monogr. II, 108. — Middle States. Polymedon. 0. Sacken, Western Dipt., 317; 1877. *flabellifer O. Sacken, Western Dipt., 317. — Sonoma Co., California. Vachytrechus. Stannius, Isis 1831; Loew, Neue Beitr. V, 1857; Monogr. II, 109. *angustipennis Loew, Centur. II, 64; Monogr. II, 113. — Distr. Co- lumbia; also in California, see O. Sacken, Western Dipt., 315. *bhinodatus Loew, Centur. VI, 84. — Saratoga, New York. *moechus Loew, Neue Beitr. VIII, 40, 1; Monogr. II, 110. — Tren- ton Falls, New York. *vorax Loew, Neue Beitr. VIII, 41, 2; Monogr. II, 112. — Distr. Columbia. *sanus C. Sacken, Western Dipt., 316. — Sierra Nevada, California. 112 DOLICHOPODIDAE. Observation. Tachytrechus moechus and sanus belong to the new genus Macellocerus Mik, Schulprogr. d. Acad. Gymn. in Wien, 1878. — About Orthochile derempta Walker, List, etc. see the note (*%"). Mercostomus. Loew, Neue Beitr. V, 1857; Monogr. II, 116. (#88). *unicolor Loew, Monogr. I, 117. — Fort Resolution, Huds. B, Terr. Diostracus. Loew, Neue Beitr. VIIJ; 1861; Monogr. II, 120. * prasinus Loew, Neue Beitr. VIII, 44, 1; Monogr. II, 121. — New York. Argyra. Macquart, Hist. Nat. Dipt. I, 456; 1834; Loew, Monogr. IJ, 123. * albicans Loew, Neue Beitr. VII, 45, 1; Monogr. II, 125. — Distr. Columbia. *albiventris Loew, Monogr. II, 128 — Sitka. *calceata Loew, Neue Beitr. VIII, 47, 4; Monogr. II, 181. — Middle States. . *ealcitrans Loew, Neue Beitr. VII, 46, 3; Monogr. II, 130. —_ New York. *eylindrica Loew, Monogr. IJ, 132. — Sitka. *minuta Loew, Neue Beitr. VII, 46, 2; Monogr. II, 129. — Distr. Columbia. *nigripes Loew, Monogr. II, 127. — Sitka. Synarthrus. Loew, Neue Beitr. V; 1857; Monogr. II, 134. barbatus Loew, Neue Beitr. VII, 48, 2; Monogr. II, 138. — Middle States. *cinereiventris Loew, Neue Beitr, VIII, 48, 1; Monogr. II, 137. — Middle States; Texas. *palmaris Loew, Monogr. IJ, 185. — Sitka. Rhaphium. Meigen, Llliger’s Magaz. 11; 1803; Loew, Neue Beitr. V; Monogr. II, 140. *lugubre Loew, Neue Beitr. VIII, 49, 1; Monogr. I, 141. — Carolina. Porphyrops. Meigen, System. Beschr. IV, 45; 1824; Monogr. II, 142. *fumipennis Loew, Neue Beitr. VIII, 51, 3; Monogr. II, 146. — Middle States. *lJongipes Loew, Centur. V, 92; Monogr. II, 340. — White Mts., N. H., Canada. DOLICHOPODIDAE, 113 *melampus Loew, Neue Beitr. VIII, 50, 1; Monogr. II, 144. — Atlantic States. *nigricoxa Loew. Neue Beitr. VIII, 51, 2; Monogr. II, 145. — Maryland. pilosicornis Walker, List, etc. III, 653. — Huds. B. Terr. *rotundiceps Loew, Neue Beitr. VIII, 51, 4; Monogr. II, 146. — Distr. Columbia. *signifer, n. sp. see the note (1°°). — New York. Leucostola. Loew, Neue Beitr. V; 1857; Monogr. II, 151. *cingulata Loew, Neue Beitr. VIII, 53, 1; Monogr. U, 152. — Distr. Columbia. (Eutarsus eques, Loew, Monogr. II, 154, is from Venezuela.) Diaphorus. Meigen, System. Beschr. IV; 1824; Loew, Monogr. II, 156. *lamellatus Loew, Monogr. II, 165. — Middle States. *leucostomus Loew, Neue Beitr. VIII, 58, 5; Monogr. II, 166. — Distr. Columbia; Maryland. *mundus Loew, Neue Beitr. VII, 57. 2; Monogr. I, 161. — Penn- sy] vania. *opacus Loew, Neue Beitr. VIII, 56, 1; Monogr. II, 160. -- New York. *sodalis Loew, Neue Beitr. VIII, 58, 4; Monogr. H, 163. — New York. *spectabilis Loew, Neue Beitr. VIII, 57, 3; Monogr. Ii, 162. — Distr. Columbia. *subsejunctus Loew, Centur. VJ, 83. — Cuba. *interruptus Loew, Wien. Ent. Monatschr. V, 37; Neue Beitr. VIII, 59; Monogr. lJ, 168. — Cuba. Asyndetus. Loew, Centur. VIII, 58; 1869; compare also Loew, Beschr. Eur. Dipt. IJ, 296. *ammophilus Loew, Centur. VII, 58. — Newport, R. I. *appendiculatus Loew, Centur. VIII, 59. — Newport, R. IL Lyroneurus. Loew, Wien. Ent. Monatschr. I, 37; 1857; Monogr. II, 169. *caerulescens Loew, Wien. Ent. Mon. I, 39; Neue Beitr. VIII, 60, 1; Monogr. I, 170. — Mexico. Chrysotus. Meigen, System. Beschr. IV, 1824; Loew, Monogr. II, 171. (*°°). *affinis Loew, Neue Beitr. VIII, 64; Monogr. II, 178. — Middle States. *auratus Loew, Neue Beitr. VIII, 65; Monogr. I, 183. — New York. 11 1 DOLICHOPODIDAE. *cornutus Loew, Monogr. II, 174. — Distr. Columbia. *costalis Loew, Neue Beitr. VII, €4; Monogr. Il, 179. — Florida; Maryland. *diseclor Loew, Neue Beitr. VIII, 65; Monogr. II, 182. — Middle States. *Jongimanus Loew, Neue Beitr. VIII, 62; Monogr. IJ, 175. — Middle States. *obliquus Loew, Neue Beitr. VIII, 63; Monogr. II, 176. — New York: 47"): *pallipes Loew, Neue Beitr. VIII, 66; Monogr. Il, 183. — Middle States. ('2%). * picticornis Loew, Monogr. II, 184. — Distr. Columbia; Texas. *subcostatus Loew, Monogr. II, 181. — Illinois. *validus Loew, Neue Beitr. VIII, 63, 2; Monogr. II, 175. — Middle States. *vividus Loew, Monogr. II, 178. — Distr. Columbia. The following species, described by previous authors as Chirysotus, either do not belong to this genus, or can not be recognized, on account of the insufficiency of the descriptions. Mr Loew discusses them in Monogr. II, 172, and the descriptions are reproduced in the Appendix to the same volume. abdominalis Say, J. Acad. Phil. VI, 169, 8; Compl. Wr. II, 362. — Indiana. concinnarius Say, J. Acad. Phil. VI, 168; 2; Compl. Wr. II, 361. — Mexico. incertus Walker, List, etc. HJ, 651. — United States. nubilus Say, J. Acad. Phil. VI, 168, 1; Compl. Wr. II, 361. — Indiana. viridifemora Macquart, Dipt. Exot. " 40 Suppl. 124, 2; Tab. XII, f. 3. — North America. Sympycnus. Loew, Neue Beitr. V, 1857; Monogr. II, 185. (°°). *frontalis Loew, Neue Beitr. VIII, 67; Monogr. II, 188, — Pennsylvania. *lineatus Loew, Neue Beitr. VUI, 67; Monogr. If, 189. — Virginia; New York. *nodatus Loew, Centur. II, 68; Monogr. IJ, 191. — Illinois. *tertianus Loew, Monogr. II, 187. — Sitka. Campsicnemus. Haliday, in Walker’s Ins. Brit. Dipt. I, 187; 1851; Loew, Monogr. II, 193. *elaudicans Loew, Monogr. II, 194 — Sitka. *hirtipes Loew, Neue Beitr. VIII, 68; Monogr. II, 193. — Pennsyl- vania; New York. Plagioneurus. Loew, Wien. Ent. Monatschr. I, 43; 1857; Monogr. II, 196. *univittatus Loew, Wien. Ent. Mon. I, 48; Neue Beitr. VIII, 69; Monogr. Il, 196. — Cuba; Brazil. DOLICHOPODIDAE. Ales) Litncalus. Loew, Neue Beitr. V, 1857; Monogr. II, 198. *eenualis Loew, Neue Beitr. VIII, 70; Monogr. II, 199. — Middle States. *querulus O. Sacken, Western Dipt., 318. — Sonoma Co., California. Scellus. Loew, Neue Beitr. V, 1857; Monogr. II, 200. *ayvidus Loew, Monogr. IJ, 207. — Fort Resolution, Huds. B, Terr. *exustus Walker, Dipt. Saund. 211 (Medeterus); Loew, Neue Beitr. VIII, 71; Monogr. IJ, 203. — Middle States; Illinois. *filifer Loew, Monogr. II, 209. — Fort Resolution; Huds. B. Terr. *spinimanus Zetterstedt, Dipt. Scand. II, 445 (Hydrophorus); Loew, Monogr. JI, 205. — Fort Resolution, Huds. b. Terr. Hydrophorus notatus Zetterstedt, Ins. Lapp. 701 [Lw.]. *monstrosus O. Sacken, Western Dipt., 319. — British Columbia. *vigil O. Sacken, Western Dipt., 318. — Sierra Nevada, California. Hiydrophorums. Fallen, Dolichopod. 1825; Wahlberg, Oefv. of k. vet. akad. forh. 1844; Loew, Monogr. I, 211. *aestuum Loew, Centur. VIII, 60. — Newport, R. I. *cerutias Loew, Centur. X, 65. — Texas. *innotatus Loew, Monogr. II, 212. — Sitka. *parvus Loew, Centur. II, 67; Monogr. II, 216. — Pennsylvania. *pirata Loew, Neue Beitr. VIII, 71, 1; Monogr. Il, 214. — Penn- sylvania. *viridiflos Walker, Dipt. Saund., 212. — North America. (I refer to this species sov ‘ specimens from Massachusetts.) Observation. The following species, drscribed as Mediterws, belong, in part at least, to Hydrophorvus; those of Mr. Walker's are discussed by Mr. Loew in Monogr, II, 215. Mr. Say’s two species I do not find mentioned in Mr. Loew's Monogr. The description of all these species are reproduced in the Appendix to Monogr., Vol. II. alboflorens Walker, List, ete. III, 656. — Nova Scotia. chrysologus Walker, List, etc. III, 655. — Huds. B. Terr. exustus Walker, Dipt. Saund., 211. — North America. glaber Walker, List, etc. II], 655. — Huds. B. Terr. lateralis Say, J. Acad. Phil. VI, 169, 1; Compl. Wr. Il, 362. — Indiana. punctipennis Say, J. Acad. Phil. VI, 170, 2; Compl. Wr. II, 362. -- Mexico. 116 DOLICHOPODIDAE. Medeterus. Medetera Fischer, Notice sur une mouche carnivore, 1819; Loew, Monogr. II, 218 (7°). *nigrines Loew, Neue Beitr. VIII; 73; Monogr. II, 218. — Middle States. *veles Loew, Neue Beitr. VIII, 73; Monogr. II, 219. — Florida. breyiseta Thomson, Eugen. Resa, etc. 510. — California (this species in probably a Hydrophorus). Chrysotimus. Loew, Neue Beitr. V, 1857; Monogr. II, 20. *delicatus Loew, Neue Beitr. VIII, 74; Monogr. I, 222. — New York. *pusio Loew, Neue Beitr. VUI, 74; Monogr. HU, 221. — New York. Xanthochlorus. Loew, Neue Beitr. V, 1857; Monogr. II, 223. *helvinus Loew, Neue Beitr. VIII, 75; Monogr. II, 224. — Chicago. Saucropus. Loew, Neue Beitr. V, 1857; Monogr. II, 224. *carbonifer Loew, Centur. IX, 84. — New York. (I found it at Lloyd’s Neck, Long Island; also in the Central Park N. York. — O. 8.). *dimidiatus Loew, Neue Beitr. VUI, 75; Monogr. II, 225. — Florida; Distr. Columbia. *rubellus Loew, Neue Beitr. VIII, 76; Monogr. II, 226. — Berkeley Springs, Virginia. *superbiens Loew, Neue Beitr. VIII, 76; Monogr. II, 227. — Florida; Distr. Columbia; New York. *tenuis Loew, Monogr. II, 228. — Middle States. Psilopus. Meigen, System. Beschr. VI, 1824; Loew, Monogr. II, 229. *bicolor Loew, Neue Beitr. VIII, 96; Monogr. Il, 280. — Middle States. *ealearatus Loew, Neue Beitr. VUI, 93; Monogr. H, 272. — Carolina. *caudatulus Loew, Neue Beitr. Vill, 93; Monogr. I, 271. — Missouri; Illinois. *ciliatus Loew, Neue Beitr. VIII, 88; Monogr. II, 260. — Florida. (2?) Psilopus mundus Wiedemann, Auss. Zw. II, 227. *comatus Loew, Neue Beitr. VIII, 89; Monogr. I, 262; — Middle States. *filipes Loew, Neue Beitr. VIII, 99; Monogr. II, 286. — Middle States (South America, in Schiner, Novara, 218). DOLICHOPODIDAE. eH *inermis Loew, Neue Beitr. VIII, 93; Monogr. IJ, 272. — Pennsylvania. *pallens Wiedemann, Auss. Zw. II, 219; Loew, Neue Beitr. VIII, 97; Monogr. Il, 275. — New York; Newport, R. L; Sag Harbour, L. I. (2°), Psilopus albonotatus, Loew, Neue Beitr. V, 4. — Island Rhodus; Asia minor [Loew]. *patibulatus Say, J. Acad. Phil. III, 87 and VI, 168; Compl. Wr. II, 76 and 361 (Dolichopus); Wiedemann, Auss. Zw. II, 225; Loew, Neue Beitr. VII, 85; Monogr. II, 251. — Atlantic States. Psilopus amatus Walker, List, etc. III, 648 [Loew]. Psilopus inficitus Walker, List, etc. III, 649 [Loew]. *psittacinus Loew, Neue Beitr. VII, 96; Monogr. II, 281 — Florida. *seaber Loew, Neue Beitr. VIII, 85; Monogr. H, 250. — Pennsylvania. *scobinator Loew, Neue Beitr. VIII, 91; Monogr. II, 268. — New York; Illinois. *scintillans Loew, Neue Beitr. VII, 94; Monogr. II, 273. — Middle States. ; *sipho Say, J. Acad. Phil. II, 84; Compl. Wr. II, 75 (Dolichopus) ; Wiedemann, Auss. Zw. II, 218; Loew, Neue Beitr. VIII, 83; Monogr. II, 248. — Atlantic States. Psilopus gemmifer Walker, List, etc. HI, 646 [Loew]. *tener Loew, Centur. II, 71; Monogr. II, 284. — Pennsylvania. unguliyena Walker, Trans. Ent. Soc. N. 8. IV, 149. — United States. *variegatus Loew, N. Beitr. VIII, 95; Mon. II, 278. — Florida; Cuba. eastus Loew, Certur. VI, 84. — Cuba. * chrysoprasius Loew, Neue Beitr. VIII, 90; Monogr. II, 266. — Cuba; (Brazil, Schiner, Novara, 213). Psilopus chrysoprasi Walker, List, etc. HI, 646. [Lw.]. dimidatas Loew, Centur. II, 70; Monogr. II, 246. — Mexico; (South America, Schiner, Novara, 212). * dorsalis Loew, Centur. VI, 85. — Cuba. *jucundus Loew, Neue Beitr. VIII, 87; Monogr. II, 258. — Cuba. Psilopus sipho Macquart, Dipt. Exot. I], 2,119; Tab. 21, f 1 [Loew]. *melampus Loew, Centur. II, 69; Monogr. H, 253. — Mexico (South America, Schiner, Novara, 212), *pilosus Loew, Neue Beitr. VIII, 86; Monogr. II, 256. — Cuba. The following species were not id ntified by Mr. Loew in preparing his work; they are discussed in Monogr. etc. II, pag. 231—243; the original descriptions are reproduced in the Appendix to the same volume: albicoxa Walker, List, ete. III, 651. — Ohio; Massachusetts, Nova Scotia. caudatus Wiedemann, Auss. Zw, II, 224, 23. — Georgia. delicatus Walker, List, etc. Ill, 645. — New York. femoratus Say, J. Acad. Phil. Il, 86, 5 (Dolichopus) and VI, 168, 11; Compl. Wr. II, 76 and 361; Wiedemann, Auss. Zw. II, 226, 28. — Pennsylvania. nigrifemoratus Walker, List, etc. III, 650. — Nova Scotia. 118 LONCHOPTERIDAE. Sayi Wiedemann, Auss. Zw. II, 219, 18; Say, J. Acad. Phil. UI, 85, 2 (Dolichopus unifasciatus). — Pennsylvania. virgo Wiedemann, Auss. Zw II, 224, 24. — New York. haereticus Walker, Trans. Ent Soc. N. Ser. V, 286. — Mexico. incisuralis Macquart, Dipt. Exot. Suppl. I, 120, 21; Tab. XX, f. 6. — Yucatan. lepidus Walker, Dipt. Saund. 207. — Mexico, longicornis Fabricius, System. Ent. 783, 52; Ent. System. IV, 341, 124 (Muscu); Svstem. Antl. 269, 14 (Dolichopus); Wiedemann, Auss. Zw. IJ, 220, 14. — West Indies. (2?) Psilopus radians Macquart, Hist. Nat. Dipt. I, 450, 6; Dipt. Exot. II, 2, 121, 18. — Amer. Sept. |Loew, Monogr. II, 240]. macula Wiedemann, Auss. Zw. II, 219, 12. — West Indies. portoricensis Macquart, Hist Nat. Dipt. I, 450, 7; Dipt. Exot. II, 2, 121, 17 and Ier Suppl. 120; Tab. XI, f. 7 (wing). — Porto Rico; also in Columbia, South Amer. peractus Walker, Trans. Ent. Soc. N. Ser. V, 286. — Mexico. permodicus Walker, Trans, Ent. Soc. N. Ser. V, 287. — Mexico. solidus Walker, Trans. Ent. Soc. N. Ser. V, 286, — Mexico. suavium Walker, List, etc. III, 648. — Jamaica. Observation. Psilopus diffusus Wiedemann and P. guttula Wiedemann, of my former Catalogue, ure stated by Mr. Loew to be Brazilian species, and not North American; in Monogr. Vol. II, 235 and 237 he gives full descriptions of them- FAMILY LONCHOPTERIDAE, Lonchoptera. Meigen, in Illiger’s Magaz. I, 1803. *Jutea Panzer, Meigen, System. Beschr. IV, 107. — Europe and North America. *riparia Meigen, System. Beschr. IV, 108. — Europe and North America. [The american specimens of these species do not show any apparent difference from European ones.] SYRPHIDAE. 119 Il. DIPTERA CYCLORHAPHA. FAMILY SYRPHIDAE. Mixogaster. Macquart, Dipt. Exot. II, 2, 14, 1842. mexicanus Macquart, Dipt. Exot. ler Suppl. 123; Tab. X, fig. 15. — Mexico. Microdon. Meigen, Illiger’s Magaz. II, 1803; Aphritis Latreille, 1804. (7°). *aurulentus Fabricius, System. Antl. 185, 8 (Mulio); Wiedemann, Auss. Zw. II, 86, 10; Macquart, Dipt. Exot. II, 2, 12, 4; Tab. II, f. 1 (Aphritis). — Carolina (M. C. Z. has a specimen from Illinois, which may belong here). *baliopterus Loew, Centur. X, 56. — Texas. *coarctatus Loew, Centur. V, 47. — Distr. Columbia. *fulgens Wiedemann, Auss. Zw. II, 82, 1; Macquart, Dipt. Exot. Ler Suppl. 122 (Aphritis). -- Georgia (Wiel.); Florida; Guyana (Macq.). Microdon euglossoides Gray, in Griffith’s Animal Kingdom; Ins. LI; Tab. 125, f. 2. [Walker, List, etc. HI, p. 538.] *fuscipennis Macquart, Hist. Nat. Dipt. I, 488, 3 (Ceratophyia). — Philadelphia (Macq.); Texas. (1°). Microdon Agapenor Walker, List, etc. HI, 539. — Georgia. |Walker, List, etc. 1V, 1157, where a rew generic name, MMesophila, is proposed. ] *globosus Fabricius, System. Antl. 185, 9 (Mulio); Wiedemann, Auss. Zw. II, 86, 11; Macquart, Dipt. Exot. II, 2, 12, 5; Tab. I, f. 4 (Aphritis). — Carolina (Fab.); Atlantic States. Dimeraspis podagra Newman, Ent. Mag. V, 373. [Walker, List, etc., III, p. 540.} rufipes Macquart, Dipt. Exot. Il, 2, 11; Tab. Il, f. 8 (Aphvitis). — Philadelphia. *tristis Loew, Centur. V, 45. — Virginia (Lw.); New York and north- ward, as far as Mackenzie River. *inaequalis Loew, Centur. VII, 70. — Cuba. *laetus Loew, Centur. V, 46. — Cuba. *trochilus Walker, Dipt. Saund. 216. — Mexico (this may be the same as M. aurifex Wied. II, 85, from Brazil). Observation. For Chymophila splendens Macquart, Hist. Nat. Dipt. I, 486 etc., see the note ('%), 120 SYRPHIDAE. Chrysotoxum. Illiger’s Magaz. II, 1803. (197). *derivatum Walker, List, etc. HI, 642. — Huds. B. Terr.; Yukon River, Alaska; Colorado Mts. flavifrons Macquart, Dipt. Exot. IJ, 2, 17, 2; Tab. III, f. 2. — New- foundland. *laterale Loew, Centur. V, 42. — Nebraska. * pubescens Loew, Wiener Ent. Monatschr. IV, 83, 10; Centur. V, 43. — Distr. Columbia. *ventricosum Loew, Centur. V, 44. — Distr. Columbia. nigrita Fabricius, Ent. System. IV, 292, 49 (Syrphus); System. Antl. 183, 1 (Mulio); Wiedemann, Auss. Zw. II, 88, 2. — Jamaica. Paragus. Latreille, Hist. Nat. Crust. et Ins. XIV, 358; 1804. *angustifrons Loew, Centur. IV, 64. — Virginia. *bicolor Fabricius, Meigen, etc. — Europe and North America. *dimidiatus Loew, Centur. IV, 63. — Distr. Columbia. Observation. Paragus transatlanticus Walker, List, ete. III, 544, Trenton Falls, is represented in the Brit. Mus. by two spe- cimens, both types; only one of them is a Paragus. For Paragus aeneus Walker, see Orthonewra. (1°). Pipiza. Fallén, Dipt Suec. Syrphi, 58; 1816. buceata Macquart, Dipt. Exot. I], 2, 107; Tab. XVIII, f. 2. — Carolina. *calearata Loew, Centur. VI, 42. — New York. *femoralis Loew, Centur. VJ, 38. — Illinois. *festiva Meigen (or a species closely allied to it). — Canada. *fraudulenta Loew, Centur. VI, 41. — Illincis. *nigribarba Loew, Centur. VI, 40. — New York. radicum Riley, 1st Rep. p. 121, f. 66; Amer. Ent. I, p. 83. — Illinois (apparently the same as femoralis Loew). *salax Loew, Centur. VI, 39. — Pennsylvania. diyisa Walker, Trans. Ent. Soc. N. Ser. IV, 156. — Vera Cruz. Psilota. Meigen, System. Beschr. II, 256; 1822. flavidipennis Macquart, Dipt. Exot. 5¢ Suppl. 97; Tab. V, f. 5 (com- pare the remark in Loew, Monogr. I, 27). — Philadelphia. Triglyphus. Loew, Oken’s Isis. 1840, 512. *modestus Loew, Centur. IV, 62. — New York. *pubescens Loew, Centur. 1V, 61. — Wisconsin. SYRPHIDAE. hom Chrysogaster. Meigen, Illiger’s Magaz. II, 1803. (1°9). *Jatus Loew, Centar. IV, 59. — British North America (English River). *nigripes Loew, Centur. IV, 60. — New York. Observation. Chrysogaster Apisaon Walker, List III, 572. — New York. 7 Antitheus 1. e, 572. — New York. = recedens Walker, Dipt. Saund., 228. — United States. Mr. Walker's types in the Brit. Mus. are single specimens, in very poor con- dition. Upon comparison, they will probably prove identical with Mr. Loew's spe- cies of Chrysogaster and Orthonew*'a. Orthoneura. Macquart, Hist. Nat. Dipt. I, 563; 1834. *nitida Wiedemann, Auss. Zw. II, 116, 1 (Chrysogaster). — North America. Cryptinewra hieroglyphica Bigot, Rev. et Magaz. de Zool. 1859. *pictipennis Loew, Centur. 1V, 58. — New York. *ustulata Loew, Centur. 1X, 80. — Orange, N. J. *nigrovittata Loew, Zeitschr. fiir Ges. Naturw. December 1876, p. 523. — San Francisco. Observation. Paragus aéneus Walker, List, etc. III, 545, Ohio, is an Orthonewra. (498), Chilosia. Cheilosia Meigen, System. Beschr. II, p. 296; 1822. (2°), *eapillata Loew, Centur. IV, 65. — Distr. Columbia. *comosa Loew, Centur. IV, 66. — British America. *eyanescens Loew, Centur. IV, 67. — Illinois. *leucoparea Loew, Centur. IV, 69. — Carolina. *pallipes Loew, Centur. IV, 70. — Distr. Columbia, White Mts., N. H.; California. *plumata Loew, Centur. IV, 68. — Virginia. *tristis Loew, Centur. IV, 71. — Red River of the North. Observation. Syrphus Aesyctes Walker, List, etc. III, 591, Huds. B. Terr, Syrphus latrans |. ¢. 575, Huds, B. Terr. are both Chilosiae. Melanostoma. Schiner, Wiener Ent. Monatschr. IV, 213; 1860. ambigua (Fallen?) Zetterstedt, Ins. Lapp. 608, 38(?) (Syrphws); Dipt. Scand. IJ, 757, 60 (id.); variety in Staeger, Groenl. Antl. p. 361, 29(?). [The quotations and queries are Schioedte’s, in the Berl. Ent. Zeitschr. 1859, p. 153.] — Greenland. *sealaris Fabricius, Panzer, ete (Syrphus). — Europe and North America (common). Syrphus mellinus (Linné), Fabricius, Meigen, etc. See description in Schiner, Fauna Austr. Dipt. I, 291. *obscura Say, Amer. Ent. 1; Tab. XI (Syrphus), Compl. Wr. I, 23; Wiedemann, Auss. Zw. HI, 131 (¢d.). — Atlantic S.ates. 122 SYRPHIDAE. trichopus Thomson, Eugen. Resa, 502 (Syrphus). — California. *tigrina O. Sacken, Western Dipt., 323. — California. Observation. M. gracilis Meig. and M, maculosus Meig., both European, are stated to occur in N. America by Mr. Walker, List, ete., HI, 588 —589. Mr. Verrall informs me that ,those two species are synonyms of M. scalaris Fab. But Mr. Walker’s Syrphus maculosus has two representatives in the British Museum, both Platychiri, one resembling P. immarginatus Zett., the other resembling P. scambus Staeger.“ Platyechirus. Platycheirus St. Fargeau et Serv. Encycl. Méth. T. X, 513; 1825. *hyperboreus Staeger, Groenl. Antl. 362, 30 (Syrphus); Holmgren, Ins. Nordgroenl. p. 100 (Scaeva). — Greenland (Staeger, Holmgren). Pennsylvania, Virginia, etc. (M. C. Z.). Naso Walker, List, etc. Il], 587 (Syrphus). — Huds. B Terr. Pacilus Walker, Dipt. Saund. 240 (Syrphus). Compl. Wr. II, 79. (°°). *quadratus Say, J. Acad. Phil. II, 90, 4 (Scaeva); Wiedemann, Auss. Zw. Il, 135, 382. (Syrphus). — Atlantic States. Syrphus fuscanipennis Macquart, Dipt. Exot. 5° Suppl. 95, 58. *peltatus Meigen, System. Beschr. III, 334 (Syrphus). — Europe; North America (Sitka, according to Loew; Western New York, in M. C. Z.). Pyrophaecna. Schiner, Wiener Ent. Monatschr. IV, p. 213; 1860. *oeymi Fabricius, Panzer, Meigen, System. Beschr. II, 337 glee _ Europe; North America (Massachusetts, White Mts., N. H., Que- bec; Athabasca Lake, ete.). *rosarum Fabricius ete., Meigen, System. Beschr. IJ, 338 Cyrphna). — Europe; North America (Massachusetts ; White Mts; No ED: Leucozona. Schiner, Wiener Ent. Monatschr. IV, 214; 1860. (2°). *Jucorum Linné, etc., Meigen, System. Beschr. HI, 313; Tab. 30, f. 27 (Syrphus); Curtis, Brit Ent. 753 ((d). — Europe; North America (British Possessions, Quebec). Catabomba. O. Sacken, Western Dipt. 325; 1877 (2°). *pyrastri Linné, Meigen, ete. (Syrphus); O. Sacken, Western Dipt., 325. — Europe; California, Utah, Colorado; also in Chile (according to Macquart). Syrphus transfugus Fabricius, Ent. System. IV, 506, 104. Syrphus affinis Say, J. Acad. Phil. UI, 93, 9; Compl. Wr. II, 81; Wiedemann, Auss. Zw. II, 117, 2. — Arkansas. Ewpeodes. O. Sacken, Western Dipt., 328; 1877. * rolucris O. Sacken, Western Dipt., 329, — California, Utah, Colorado, SYRPHIDAE, ul ho co Syrphus. Fabricius, System. Ent. 1775. (?). *abbreviatus (Zetterstedt), Schiner, Fauna Austr. I, 311; 0. Sacken, Proc. Bost. Soc. N. H. 1875, 144. — Europe and North America (Massachusetts . aleidice Walker, List, etc. III, p. 579. -— Huds. B. Terr. (2°). *amalopis O. Sacken, Proc. Bust. Soc. N. H. 1875, 148. — White Mis.) IN. EL. * americanus Wiedemann, Auss. Zw. II, 129; O. Sacken, Proc. Bost. Soc. N. H. 1875, 145. — Atlantic States (Massachusetts; Michi- gan; Texas); British Possessions; the same or a similar species in California, see O. Sacken, Western Dipt., 527. *contumax O. Sacken, Proc. Bost. Soc. N. H. 1875, 147. — White Mits.7N., H (?) Syrphus adolescens Walker, List, etc. Il], 584. — Huds. B. Terr.; Nova Scotia. (7!'). *diversipes Macquart, Dipt. Exot. 4e Suppl. 155, 54; O. Sacken, Proc. Bost. Soc. N. H. 1875, 149. —- White Mts., N. H. (common); Catskill Mt. House, N. Y.; Lake Superior; Newfoundland (Macq.). (?) Syrphus cinctellus Zetterstedt, Schiner, etc. — Europe. dimidiatus Macquart, Hist. Nat. Dipt. I, 537, 10. — Georgia. *geniculatus Macquart, Dipt. Exot. II, 2, 101, 24; Tab. XVII, f. 5; O. Sacken, Proc. Bost. Soc. N. H. 1875, 159. — Newfoundland (Macq.); White Mts., N. H (°°). *lapponicus Zetterstedt, Dipt. Scand. II, 701, 3; Staeger, Groenl. Antl. 360, 28. — Europe and North America (Greenland; White Mts., N. H.); a similar species in California, see in O. Sacken, Western Dipt., 326: (2°"). Syrphus Agnon Walker, List, ete. III, 579. — Nova Scotia; Huds. B. Terr. Syrphus arcucinetus Walker, List, etc. IIT, 580. — Huds B. Terr. (*°*). *Lesueurii Macquart, Dipt. Exot. 11, 2, 92, 10; Tab. XVI, f. 3 (9); O. Sacken, Proc. Bost. Soc. N. H. 1875, 143. — Northern and Middle States (probably also in Europe). Epistrophe conjungens Walker, Dipt. Saunders, 242; Tab. VI, f. 5 (¢). *ribesii Linné, etc. — Europe and North America. Syrphus rectus O. Sacken, Proc. Bost. Soc. N. H 1875, 140. (?) Syrphus philadelphicus Macquart, Dipt. Exot. II, 2, 93, 11; aves Vi, fase): tarsatus Zetterstedt, Ins. Lapp. 601, 2; Dipt. Scand. II, 730, 33; Staeger, Groenl. Antl. 360, 27. — Europe and Greenland. *torvus O. Sacken, Proc. Bost. Soc. N. H. 1875, 189. — Atlantic States. Syrphus topiarius Zetterstedt (non Meigen); Staeger Groenl. Antl. 360, 26. — Europe and Greenland. (2?) Scaeva concava Say, J. Acad. Phil. II, 89, 3; Compl. Wr. II, 78; Wiedemann, Auss. Zw. II, 130 (Syrphas). (2°). *umbellatarum O. Sacken, Proc. Bost. Soc. N. H. 1875, 151. — White Mts., N. H. 124 SYRPHIDAE. (?) Syrphus umbellatarum Schiner, Fauna Austr. I, p. 807. — Europe. (?) Syrphus guttatus in Walker’s List, etc. III, p. 536, — Huds. B. Merrsc. 3): Syrphus sexquadratus Walker, List, etc. III, 586. — Huds. B. Terr.; Nova Scotia. fumipennis Thomson, Eugen. Resa, 499. — California. *intrudens O. Sacken, Western Dipt., 326. — Coast Range, California. *opinator O. Sacken, Western Dipt., 327. — Marin Co., California. *protritus O. Sacken, Western Dipt., 328. — Marin Co., California. Antipathes Walker, List, etc. IU, 589. — Jamaica. colludens Walker, Trans. Ent. Soc. N. Ser. V, 292. — Mexico. delineatus Macquart, Dipt. Exot. ler Suppl. 139, 37; Tab. XI, f£ 13. — Mexico; (perhaps an Allograpta ?) *jactator Loew, Wiener Ent. Mon. V, 40; Centur. VI, 46. — Cuba. limbatus Fabricius, Syst. Antl. 251, 10 (Seaeva) ; Wiedemann, ei Zw. II, 133, 30. — West Indies. ‘mutuus Say, J. Acad Phil. VI, 164, 2; Compl. Wr. II, 358. — Méxiee *nigripes Loew, Centur. VI, Ad. —- ‘Cuba. *praeustus Loew, Centur. VI 45. — Cuba. quadrifasciatus Bigot, in R. de la Sagra, etc., 804; Tab. 20, f. 5. — Cuba. radiatus Bigot, in R. de la Sagra, etc., 804. — Cuba. * simplex Loew, Wien. Ent. Mon. V, 40; Centur. VI, 48. — Cuba. stegnus Say, J. Acad. Phil. VI. 1653, 1; Compl. Wr. II, 358. — Mexico. Observation. Scaeva dryadis Holmgren, Ins. Spetsb. 26. — Spitzbergen and Greenland (Holmgr. Ins. Nordgroenl. 100). Not having seen the description of this species, I cannot tell whether it is a true Syrphus, a Platychivus, or a Melanostoma. Scaeva arcuata Fallén, which Holmgren, Ins. Nordgroenl., has from Greenland, belongs to what I call the group of Syrphus Lapponicus; for this reason I have not quoted it in the above list. Syrphus sexmaculatus Palisot-Beauvois, Ins, 224, Dipt. Tab. III, f. & — Southern States, San Domingo. This species evidently belongs to some other genus than Syrphus. The author compares it to Syrphus tympanitis Fabr. and says that it may be a mere variety, or the other sex of that species. Syrphus tympanitis Fabr. Syst. Antl. 226, 10. is, I think, a Volucella. For Syrphus Aesyctes and latrans Wk., see Chilosia. a o oestriformis Wk., see Eristalis. * is Naso and Pacilus Wk., see Platychirus. 2 a Corbis, coalescens, Gurges, Quintius, interrogans, Wk., see Mesograpta. » Bs dimensus Wk., see Allograpta. ” a profusus Wk., see Milesia. ” ” hecticus Jaennicvke, see Mesograpta polita. Didea. Macquart, Hist. Nat. Dipt. I, p. 508, 1854; Mica, Meigen, 1838. *fuscipes Loew, Centur. IV, 82, — Pennsylvania. ,*?”). SYRPHIDAE. 125 *laxa O. Sacken, Bullet. Buff Soc. Nat. Hist. I, 66; reproduced in the note (°!*). — White Mts., N. H, Lake Superior. Mesograpta. Loew, Centur. Vol. II, p. 210; Mesogramma Loew, Centur. VI, 47; 1865. * Boscii Macquart, Dipt. Exot. II, 100, 23; Tab. XVII, f. 2 (Syrphus). — Carolina (Macq.); Alabama, Florida, Syrphus Gurges Walker, Dipt. Saund., 236. — United States. *geminata Say, J. Acad. Phil. 11, 92,7; Compl. Wr. I, 80; Wiede- mann, Auss. Zw. II, 145, 50 (Syrphus). — Atlantic States; California. Syrphus interrogans Walker, Dipt. Saund., 238. — North America. Eumerus privernus Walker, Dipt. Saund., 225. Toxomerus notatus Macquart, Dipt. Exot. 5e Suppl., 93. *marginata Say, J. Acad. Phil. III, 92, 6; Compl. Wr. I, 80 (Scaeva) ; Wiedemann, Auss. Zw. II, 146, 52 (Syrphws). — Atlantic States and California. *polita Say, J. Acad. Phil. III, 88, 1; Compl. Wr. II, 77 (Scaera); id. American Ent. I. Tab. XI (Syrphus); Compl. Wr. I, 24; Wiede- mann, Auss. Zw. I, 1382, 28 (id.). — Atlantic States; Cuba. Syrphus cingulatulus Macquart, Dipt. Exot. 4e Suppl. 155, 53 (!). Syrphus hecticus Jaennicke, Neue Exot Dipt. 90. — Mlinois. *parvula Loew, Centur. VI, 47. — Florida. *planiventris Loew, Centur. VI, 49. — Florida. Syrphus Quintius Walker, Dipt. Saund., 239. — United States. limbiventris Thomson, Eugenies Resa, 495 (Syrphws). — California. anchorata Macquart, Dipt. Exot. Il, 2,97; Tab. 16, £8 (Syrphus). — Brazil; North America. *arcifera Loew, Centur. VI, 52. — Cuba. ? ? ectypus Say, J. Acad. Phil. VI, 165, 3 (Syrphus); Compl. Wr. II, 59. — Cuba. *Jaciniosa Loew, Centur. VI, 50. — Cuba. minuta Wiedemann, Auss. Zw. Ul, 146 (Syrphus); Bigot, in R. de la Sagra, etc., 806. — Brazil (Wied.); Cuba (Bigot). *poecilogastra Loew, Centur. VI, 51. — Cuba. *pulchella Macquart, Dipt. Exot. ler Suppl. 188, 36; Tab. XI, f. 12 (Syrphus). — San Domingo. *subannulata Loew, Centur. V1, 48. — Cuba. Observation. Syrphus coalescens Walker,Dipt. Sau d., 237, — North America. Syrphus corbis Walker, Dipt. Saund, 237. — North America. Both are Mesograptae, each represented by a single specimen in the Brit. Mus. I find in my notes that both produced on me the impression of M. Boscit, although the description of S. coalescens reads more like that of M. planiventris Loew; the female, described by Walker, is probably a different species. Sphacrophoria. St. Fargeau et Serville, Encycl. Méthod. X, 513, 1825; Macquart, Dipt. du Nord, 1829; Melithreptus Loew, Oken’s Isis 1840, 575. (***). *eylindrica Say, Amer. Ent. 1; Tab. XI (Syrphus); Compl. Wr. I, 22; Wiedemann, Auss, Zw. I], 138, 38 (/d.). — North America (common . 126 SYRPHIDAE. Sphaerophoria contigua Macquart, Dipt. Exot. 2e Suppl. 62, 4. Strigata Staeger, Groen]. Antl. 362, 31; Holmgren, Ins. Nordgroenl. 100 (,,an varietas S. pictae“ 2? Holmgren’. — Greenland. picta Macquart; Zetterstedt, Dipt. Svand. II, 772, 7. — Europe and Greenland (Holmgren, Ins. Nordgroenl. 100). infumata Thomson, Eugenies Resa, 501 (Syrphus). — California. *micrura O. Sacken, Western Dipt., 830. — San Francisco. *sulphuripes Thomson, Eugenies Resa, 501 (Syrphus); O. Sacken, Western Dipt., 330. — California. Observation. Mr. Walker mentions the European S. hieroglyphica, mentiastrt and scripta us occuring in Nova Scotia (Walker, List, etc., III, p. 593), Allograpta. O. Sacken, Bulletin Buff. Soc. N. H. III, 49; 1876. (24), Pemarginata Say, J. Acad. Phil. II. 91, 5 (Scaeva); Compl. Wr. II, 78; Wiedemann, Auss. Zw. I, 119, 4 (Syrphus). — Florida (Say, ; Virginia; Delaware (Ent. Soc. Phil.). *obliqua Say, J. Acad. Phil. IIT, 89, 2 (Scaeva); Compl. Wr. II, 78; Amer. Ent. I; Tab. XI; Compl. Wr. I, 23; Wiedemann, Auss. Zw. II, 138, 39 (Syrphus). — North America; also in South eter (Se hiner, Dipt. Novara, etc., 553). Syrphus securiferus Macquart, Dipt. Exot. II, 2, 100, 22 and ler Suppl. 139 (9) (!). Sphaerophoria Bacchides Walker, List, ete III, 594 \!). Syrphus signatus v. d. Wulp, Tijdschr. v. Ent. 2e Ser. II, 144; Tab, £002. Syrphus dimensus Walker, Dipt. Saund., 235 1). *fracta O. Sacken, Western Dipt., 331. — Southern California. Xanthogramma. Schiner, Wien. Ent. Monatschr. 1V, 215; 1860. *felix O. Sacken, Bulletin Buff Soc. N. H. III, 67 (reproduced in the note (*7°). — West Point, N. Y.; Pennsylvania; Illinois. PDoros. Meigen, Illiger’s Magaz. II; 1803. *aequalis Loew, Centur. IV, 84. — Pennsylvania. *flavipes Loew, Centur. IV, 83. — Pennsylvania (Lw.); New York. Observation. For Doros Bulyras Walker, see Temnostoma. Ascia. Meigen, System. Beschr. III, 193; 1822. *globosa Walker, List, etc. III, 546. — Trenton Falls, N. Y. Sphegina. Meigen, System. Beschr. II, 193; 1822. *infuscata Loew, Centur. III, 23. — Sitka. SYRPHIDAE. Le *lobata Loew, Centur IIT, 21. — Northern and Middle States; Canada. *rufiventris Loew, Centur. HI, 22. — New York; White Mts., N. H.; Canada. Ocyptamus. Macquart, Hist. Nat. Dipt. I, 554; Tab. XII, f. 13; 1834; compare also Loew, Dipt. Siidafrika’s 293, *Amissas Walker, List, etc. III, 589 (Syrphus). — Georgia. (°"'). *fuscipennis Say, J. Acad. Phil. HI, 100 (Baccha); Compl. Wr. II, 86. — Atlantic States, Ocyptamus fascipennis Macquart, Hist. Nat. Dipt. I, 554, 2; Tab. 12 9t. 13: *longiventris Loew, Centur. VII, 66. — Distr. Columbia. Radaeca Walker, List, etc. I, 590 (Syrphus). — Florida. (°79), *econformis Loew, Centur. VII, 67. — Cuba. dimidiatus Fabricius, Ent. System. IV, 310, 118 (Syrphus); System. Antl. 254, 25 (Scaeva); Wiedemann, Auss. Zw. JI, 140, 42 (Syphus). — West Indies (Wied.); Brazil (Schiner, Novara). funebris Macquart, Dipt. Exot. H, 2, 105; Bigot, in Ramon de la Sagra, etc., 807. — ,,Teneriffa, but more probably America“ (Macq.); Cuba (Bigot); Brazil (Schiner). *latiuseulus Loew, Centur, VII, 68. — Cuba. *seutellatus Loew, Centur. VII. 69. — Cuba. Baccha. (*) Fabricius, System. Antl. 199; 1805. *aurinota (Harris! Walker, List, ctc. III, 548. — Atlantic States (Massachusetts; White Mts.; New York, etc.). Baccha fascipennis Wiedemann, Auss. Zw. HU, 96. — No locality given. Babista Walker, List, etc. III, 549. — Georgia. *cognata Loew, Centur. III, 27. — New York (erroneously Northern Wisconsin in the Centuries). costata Say, J. Acad. Phil. VI, 161; Compl. Wr. IJ, 357. — Indiana. *lugens Loew, Centur. I!I, 24. — Northern Wisconsin. lineata Macquart, Iipt. Exot. ler Suppl. 139, 4; Tab. XX, f 5. — Texas or Yucatan (Macquart). *obscuricornis Loew, Centur. III, 26. — Sitka, *Tarchetius Walker, List, etc. II, 549. — Georgia. *lemur O. Sacken, Western Dipt., 3831. — California; Wyoming Terr. *angusta O. Sacken, Western Dipt., 332. — California. Baccha elongata Fabricius, the common european species, is, I believe, the same as L. angusta. (*) Some of the species placed among the Bacchae, may perhaps belong to Ocyptamus. 128 SYRPHIDAE. *eapitata Loew, Centur. TIT, 25. —. Cuba. *elavata Fabricius, Ent. System. IV, 298, 73 (Syrphus); System. Antl. 200, 3 (id); Wiedemann, Auss. Zw. II, 94, 4. — West Indies (Wied.'; Brazil (Schiner). cochenillivora Guérin, Rev. Zool. 1843, 350; Bull. Soc. Ent. 1848, LXXXI. — Guatemala. cubensis Macquart, Dipt. Exot. 4e Suppl. 161, 5. — Cuba. cylindrica Fabricius, Spee. Ins. IL, 429, 41 (Syrphus); Ent. System. IV, 298, 74 (id.); System. Antl. 199, 2; Wiedemann, Auss. Zw. II, 92. — West Indies. *notata Loew, Centur. VII, 65. — Cuba. *parvicornis Loew, Wien. Ent. Mon. V, 41; Centur. VI, 64. — Cuba. Myiolepta. Newman, Ent. Magaz. V, 373; 1858. *aerea Loew, Centur. X, 53. — Illinois. *nigra Loew, Centur. X, 52. — Pennsylvania. *strigilata Loew, Centur. X, 54. — Texas. *varipes Loew, Centur. IX, 79. — Virginia. Rhingia. Scopoli, Ent. Carniol. 358; 1763. *nasica Say, J. Acad. Phil. HI, 94; Compl. Wr. Il, 81; Wiedemann, Auss. Zw. II, 115. 1. — Ailantic States. Brachyopa. Meigen, System. Beschr. 11, 260; 1822. *notata O. Sacken, Bulletin Buff. Soc. N. H. III, 68 (reproduced in the note 717). — White Mts., N. H. *yacua O. Sacken, 1. ¢. (27). — Quebec, Canada. *ferruginea Fallén, Syrph. 34, 3; Meigen. System. Beschr. III, 263. — Europe and North America (Saskatchevan). [Loew in litt.] Volucelia. Geoffroy, Hist. des Ins. II, 1764; Cenogaster Duméril, Exposition ete. 1801 and Dict. d’Hist. Natur. (Levrault in Strasburg, publisher) 1817. *esuriens Fabricius, Ent. System. IV, 281, 10 (Syrphus); System. Antl. 226, 9 (id.); Wiedemann, Auss. Zw. II, 197, 4. — West Indies (Fabr.); Texas; also in South America (Schiner, Novara). Volucella mexicana Macquart, Dipt. Exot. Il, 2, 25; Tab. V, f. 3. — Mexico (Macq.); Island Santa Rosa, California (O. Sacken, Western Dipt., 395). Volucella dispar Macquart, Dipt. Exot. 4e Suppl. 123, Tab. XI, f. 2. — New Granada. {Schiner, Novara, ete., 356.] Volucella Maximiliani Jacnnicke, Neue Exot. Dipt., 87. — Mexico. (218. [Schiner, Novara, 356, from comparison ot typical specimens. | *eveeta Walker, Dipt. Saund., 251 — Atlantic States and British Possessions , White Mts., N. H.; Massachusetts; Detroit, Michigan). SYRPHIDAE. 129 Volucella plumata Macquart (non Fabr.’, Dipt. Exot. 4e Suppl. 151. *fasciata Macquart, Dipt. Exot. II, 2, 22, 2; Tab. V, f. 2. — Carolina (Macq.); Texas; Colorado (O. Sacken, Western Dipt., 334); Meztitlan Mexico, collect. Bellardi!). *pusilla Macquart, Dipt. Exot. II. 2, 21, 1; Tab. V, f. 1 (,,perhaps a variety of V. fasciata“ Macq.). — Cuba (Macq.); Florida (M. Ge Zs (2%): *vesiculosa Fabricius, System. Antl. 226, 11 (Syrphuws); Wiedemann, Auss. Zw. II, 201, 11; Macquart, Dipt. Exot. 38e Suppl. 39; Tab. 1V, f. 3. — North America (Pennsylvania; Maryland; Kentucky); South America (Wied.). *ayida O. Sacken, Western Dipt., 833. — California (O. S.); Tehuacan, Mexico (Coll. Bellardi). *satur O. Sacken, Western Dipt., 333. — Colorado, Utah. *abdominalis Wiedemann, Auss. Zw. I, 196, 2; Macquart, Dipt. Exot. II, 2, 25, 8. — Cuba. amethystina Bigot, Ann. Soc. Ent. de Fr. 1875, 479. — Mexico. aperta Walker, Trans. Ent. Soc. N. Ser. V, 292. — Mexico. *apicalis Loew, Centur. VI, 36. — Cuba. castanea Bigot, Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr. 1875, 476. — Mexico. chalybescens Wiedemann, Auss. Zw. II, 204. — Brazil (Wied.); Cuba (Jaennicke, Neue Exot. Dipt. p. 4). Haagii Jaennicke, Neue Exot. Dipt., 89. — Mexico. lata Wiedemann, Auss. Zw. II, 195. — Mexico, metallifera Walker, List, etc. IH, 636. — Mexico, Venezuela. mellea Jaennicke, Neue Exot. Dipt., 88. — Mexico. nigrifacies Bigot, Ann. Soc. Ent. 1875, 479. — Mexico. * obesa Fabricius, System. Ent. 763, 5 (Syrphus); Ent. Sytem. IV, 282 (cd.) ; System. Antl. 227 (id.); Wiedemann, Auss. Zw. II, 199; Macquart, Hist. Nat. Dipt. I, 494, 5; St. Fargeau et Serville, Encycl. Méth. X, 786 (Ornidia). — In the tropics e,erywhere; West Indies; South America; Asia; Africa (Mr. Bellardi’s collection contains a specimen of from New Orleans). picta Wiedemann, Auss. Zw. I, 201; Bigot, in R. de la Sagra ete. 802. — Brazil (Wied.); Cuba (Bigot). pulehripes Bigot, Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr. 1875, 480. — Mexico.} postica Say, J. Acad. Phil. VI, 166, 2; Compl. Wr. II, 360. — Mexico. purpurifera Bigot, Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr 1875, 477. — Mexico. *sexpunctata Loew, Wien. E t. Monatschr. V, 39; Centur. VI, 37. — Cuba. tibialis Macquart, Dipt. Exot. ler Suppl. 123, 14. — Yucatan. tricineta Bigot, Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr. 1875, 477. — Mexico. tristis Bigot, Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr. 1875, 482. — Mexico. varians Bigot, Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr. 1875, 481. — Mexico. viridula Bigot, Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr. 1875, 481. — Mexico. violacea Say, J. Acad. Phil. VI, 166, 1; Compl. Wr. I, 360. — Mexico. 12 130 SYRPHIDAE. yariegata Bigot, Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr. 1875, 478. — Mexico. Observation. Volucella vacua Fabricius is quoted by Walker, List, ete. Ill, 637 from Georgia and Florida. VTemmocera. St. Fargeau et Serville, Encycl. Méth. X, 786, 1825; Macquart, Dipt. Exot. II, 2, 27. (2°). *megacephala Loew, Centur. IV, 57. — California. *setigera O. Sacken, Western Dipt., 334. — Northern New Mexico (O. S.); Tehuacan, Mexico (Collect. Bellardi). pubescens Loew, Wien. Ent. Monatschr. V, 38; id. Centur. VI, 35. — Cuba. *purpurascens Loew, Centur. VII, 52. — Hayti. unilecta Walker, Trans. Ent. Soc. N. Ser. V, 292. — Mexico. viridula Walker, Trans. Ent. Soc. N. Ser. V, 292. — Mexico. Copestylum. Macquart, Dipt. Exot. Suppl. ler, 124; 1846. *marginatum Say, J. Acad. Phil. VI, 167, 3; Comp). Wr. II, 360 (Volucella). — Mexico (Say); Waco, Texas (O. Sacken, Western Dipt., 233). NB. Is C. flaviventris Macq. Suppl. 1, 125; Tab. X, f. 16 from Venezuela, a different species? ‘The descriptions read remar- kably alike. Sericomyia. Meigen, in Illiger’s Magaz. II, 1803. *chaleopyga Loew, Centur. III, 20. — Sitka. *limbipennis Macquart, Dipt. Exot. 2e Suppl. 58, 2 (female). — Atlantic States and Canada. Sericomyia chrysotoxoides, Macquart, Dipt. Exot. II, 2, 19, 1; Tab. Ll, f. 3 bis. (male). Sericomyia filia Walker, List, etc. III, 596. *militaris Walker, List, etc. III, 595. — Huds. B. Terr.; Nova Scotia; White Mts., N. H.; Colorado Mts.; Red River of the North. * sexfasciata Walker, List, etc., HI, 596. — Huds. B. Terr. Observation. Volucella lappona O. Fabricius, Fauna Groenl. 208, 169, must be a Serccomyia; whether it is Serie. lappona Linn. I do not know; Schiédte omits it in his enumeration. Aretophila. Schiner, Wien. Ent. Monatschr. IV, 215; 1860. *flagrans O. Sacken, Buffalo Bull. Soc. N. Hist. I, 69; Western Dipt. 330. — Rocky Mts., Colorado. SYRPH DAE. 131 Eristalis. Latreille, Dict. d’Hist. Nat.; H. N. Crust. et Ins. XIV, 363; 1804. *aeneus Scopoli, Fabricius, Meigen (System. Beschr. etc. II, 384, 2). — Europe and North America (common); occurs also in Algiers, the Canary Islands, Malta, Syria (Schiner, die Oesterr. Syrphiden, 120). Lyistalis sincerus Harris, Ins. Injur. to Veget. 34 edt. 609. [The identity with the European species is acknowledged by Loew, in Sillim. Journ., Vol. XXXVII, 317.] Eristalis cuprovittatus Wiedemann, Auss. Zw. II, 190, 54. albiceps Macquart, Dipt. Exot. II, 2, 56, 41. — Carolina. (2*4). *atriceps Loew, Centur. VI, 64. — White Mountains, N. H.; Canada. Eyistalis compactus Walker, List, etc. II, 619. — Huds. B. Terr. (22?): * Androclus O. Sacken (non Walker), Western Dipt., 887. — Quebec; Western New York, White Mts., N. H.; Utah; Yucon River, Alaska. (22°). *Bastardi Macquart, Dipt. Exot. II, 2, 25, 7; Tab. IX, f. 1. — North America (common in the Atlantic States and British Possessions). Eristalis nebulosus Walker, List, etc. II], 616 (!). (?) EHristalis semimetallicus Macquart, Dipt. Exot. 4¢ Suppl. 140, 65. — Nova Scotia, Canada (***). * dimidiatus Wiedemann, Auss. Zw. I], 180, 41. — Atlantic States. (°?°). Hristalis inflecus Walker, List, ete. II, 617. Evistalis niger Macquart, Hist. Nat. Dipt. I, 505, 15. Eristalis I? Herminiert Macquart, Dipt. Exot. Il, 2, 55, 88 (male). Evistalis chalybeus Macquart, Dipt Exot. II, 2, 55, 39 (male and female). Eyristalis incisuralis Macquart, Dipt. Exot. 4¢ Suppl. 139, 64 (female). * flavipes Walker, List, etc. III, 633. — British Possessions; White Mountains, N. H.; Massachusetts; Newport, R. I; Detroit, Mich. (2°). Milesia Barda Say, J. Acad. Phil. VI, 163; Compl. Wr. II, 357; female (for the male, see Mallota Barda). *inornatus Loew, Centur. VI, 68. — Red River of the North (Loew). *latifrons Loew, Centur. VI, 65. — Matamoras (Loew); Texas; Iowa, *melanostomus Loew, Centur. VI, 69. — British Possessions; Oregon; Minnesota; Massachusetts; Illinois. Eristalis flavipes Walker, List, ete. III, 633; Var. 6 [Loew]. *obseurus Loew, Centur. V1, 67. — Red River of the North. oestriformis Walker, List, etc. III, 573 (Syrphus). — Huds. B, Terr. (?*). *pilosus Loew, Centur. VI, 70. — Greenland, *saxorum Wiedemann, Auss. Zw. II, 158, 9; Macquart, Dipt. Exot. II, 2, 33, 5. — Savannah (Wied.); Philadelphia (Macq.); Massachusetts (M. C. Z.). Eristalis pervagus (Harris) Walker, List, etc. III, 618. Mes SYRPHIDAE. *tenax Linné, etc. Europe and North America (22°); also Cape of Good Hope and China (Schiner, Dipt. Austriaca, Syrphidae, 10; also Siberia and Japan (Loew, Wien. Ent. Monatschr. II, 101). *transyersus Wiedemann, Auss. Zw. II, 188, 51; Macquart, Dipt. Exot. II, 2, 33, 4; Tab. IX, f. 12. — Atlantic States. (?) Lristalis philadelphicus Macquart, Dipt. Exot. II, 2, 34, 6; Tab. VIII, £ 4. (7#°); Lristalis pumilus Macquart, Dipt. Exot. II, 2, 57, 43. — North America. Eristalis vittatus Macquart, Hist. Nat. Dipt. I, 507, 19. — North : America. *yinetorum Fabricius, Ent. System. Suppl. 562; System. Antl. 235, 13 (Syrphus); Wiedemanr,, Auss. Zw. II, 163, 15; Macquart, Dipt., Exot. II, 2, 41, 16. — Cuba (Fab.); Brazil (Schiner, Novara, 361); Pennsylvania (Carlisle Springs, August 1860); Florida; Matamoras. Lyistalis trifasciatus Say, J. Acad. Phil. VI, 165; Compl. Wr. II, 359. — Indiana (the locality Mexico“ given in the Compl. Wr. of Say, is erroneous). Eristalis warum Walker, List, etc. III, 623. — Jamaica [Loew in litt.). (?) Hristalis thoracicus Jaennicke, Neue Exot. Dipt. 91. — Mexico. *hirtus Loew, Centur. VI, 66; O. Sacken, Western Dipt., 335. — California, Colorado. Eristalis temporalis Thomson, Eugenies Resa, 490. *stipator O. Sacken, Western Dipt., 386. — California, Colorado. *atrimanus Loew, Centur. VI, 62. — Cuba. Bellardii Jaennicke, Neue Exot. Dipt. 92. — Mexico. cubensis Macquart, Dipt. Exot. Il, 2, 42, 19 (“9 of albifrons or variety of annulipes Macq.?’ Macquart). — Cuba. diminutus Walker, List, etc. III, 622. — Mexico. expictus Walker, Trans. Ent. Soc. N. Ser. V, 291. — Mexico. familiaris Walker, Trans. Ent. Soc. N. Ser. V, 290. — Mexico. femoratus Macquart, Dipt. Exot. II, 2, 40, 15; Tab. IX, f. 6; also ler Suppl. 180; Tab. IX, f. 6. — Rio Janeiro; Columbia, S. A ; Yucatan. [Syn. of L. fwrcatus Wiedemann, Auss. Zw. I, 176, 34; Brazil and Montevideo. Verrall in Uit./. guadalupensis Macquart, Dipt. Exot. II, 2, 32, 3. — Guadeloupe. *Gundlachi Loew, Centur. VI, 61. — Cuba. *hortorum Fabricius, System. Ent. 764, 11; Ent. System. IV, 286, 29 (Syrphus); System. Antl. 236, 16; Wiedemann, Auss. Zw. I, 169, 24. — West Indies. Musca surinamensis Degeer, VI, 145; Tab. XXIX, f. 1. impositus Walker, Trans. Ent Soc. N. Ser. V, 289. — Hayti. lateralis Walker, Linn. Trans. XVII, 347, 42. — Brazil; Chili; Guyana; Mexico; Jamaica (Walker, List, etc. III, 622). mexicanus Macquart, Dipt. Exot. 2e Suppl. 59, 54. — Mexico. SYRPHIDAE. 133 semicireulus Walker, Dipt. Saund., 249. — Honduras. *seniculus Loew, Centur. VI, 63. — Cuba. testaceicornis Macquart, Dipt. Exot. 4e¢ Suppl. 188, 62. — Mexico. tricolor Jaennicke, Neue Exot. Dipt. 92. — Mexico. Observation. Bristalis Androclus Walker, List, etc. III, 612. — British Possessions. Fristalis frater Walker, List, etc. III, 614. Eristalis chalepus Walker, Dipt. Saund., 247; Canada, All three are Helophili; see the note (23%), Eristalis intersistens Walker, List, etc. III, 615; Trenton Falls, seems to be Xylota badia, , Eristalis decisus Walker, List, etc. II, 604; Trenton Falls, is Helophilus similis. Eristalis Everes Walker, Dipt. Saund., 246; North America. I could not find it in the British Museum, and have for this reason omitted it as unrecognizable, from the above list. Two species of Macquart’s are also omitted from the List of described species: Lristalis basilaris Macquart, Hist. Nat. Dipt. I, 502, 4. — North America. Eristalis inflatus Macquart, 1. c. 507, 18. — North America. I did not find the types of these two species, either in Lille, or in Paris and the descriptions do not apply to any of the known species. Pteroptila. Loew, Centur. VI, 59, 1865; Plagiocera Macquart, Dipt. Exot. I, 2, poss) acuta Fabricius, System. Antl. 189, 7 (Milesia); Wiedemann, Auss. Zw. Il, 110, 8 (éd.). — Carolina. *erucigera Wiedemann, Auss. Zw. II, 105, 2 (Milesia); Macquart, Dipt. Exot. II, 2, 60, 1 (Plagiocera), Tab. X, f. 7; also ler Suppl. 134. — Florida; Georgia; Dallas, Texas; Yucatan (Macq.). Mallota milesiformis Macquart, Hist. Nat. Dipt. 1, 500 [Synonymy by Macquart]. cincta Drury, Ins. I, 109; Tab. XLV, f. 6 (Musca). — Jamaica, San Domingo. Syrphus pinguis Fabricius, System. Ent. 763, 6; Ent. System, IV, 232, 16; System. Antl. 233, 6 (Zristalis); Wiedemann, Auss. Zw, IT, 193, 6k: @d.). Milesia Ania Walker, List, etc. II, 564; Macquart, Dipt. Exot. 5° Suppl. 94, 9 [I found both of these synonymies in the Berlin Museum]. *decora Loew, Centur. VI, 59. — Cuba. *pratorum Fabricius, System. Ent. 765, 13; Ent. System. IV, 286, 31 (Syrphus); System. Antl. 236, 18 (ristalis). — West Indies. *yuficrus Wiedemann, Auss. Zw. II, 105, 3 (Alilesia). — Cuba. zonata Loew, Centur. VI, 60. — Mexico. Melophilus. Meigen, in Illiger’s Magaz. II, 1803. (25%), *chrysostomus Wiedemann, Auss. Zw. JI, 174 (Z7istalis). — Savannah (Wied.); New York; White Mts., N. H. 134 SYRPHIDAE. *borealis Staeger, Groenl. Antl. 359, 25; Loew, Stett. Ent. Zeitschr. VU, 123. — Greenland. * divisus Loew, Centur. IV, 78. — Distr. Columbia. *elacialis Loew, Stett. Ent. Zeitschr. VU, 121. — Labrador. *groenlandicus O. Fabricius, Fauna Groen]. 208, 170 (Tabanus) ; Loew, Stett. Ent. Zeitschr. VII, 119. — Arctic America; Green- land; '‘l'win Lakes (Colorado); Labrador; also in Europe, Sweden. Helophilus arcticus Zetterstedt, Ins. Lapp. 595, 2; Dipt. Scand. I, 678, 2 (ex parte); VIII, 3117, 2; Staeger, Kroejer’s Tidskr. N. R. I, 359; Holmgren, Nordgroenl. Ins. 100. [Loew and Schioedte]. Helophilus bilineatus Curtis, Ins. of Ross’s Exp. LXXVIII [Schioedte, Berl. Ent. Zeitschr. 1859, 153). (?) Helophilus latro Walker, List, etc. III, 607. — Huds. B. Terr. ; Nova Scotia. *hamatus Loew, Centur. IV, 79. — Fort Resolution, Huds. B. Terr. *integer Loew, Centur. IV, 76. — New York. *laetus Loew, Centur. IV, 77. — New York; Northern Wisconsin; Illinois. *Jatifrons Loew, Centur. IV, 73. — Northern States; Nebraska; Red of the North; California (0. Sacken, Western Dipt., 333). *lineatus Fabricius, Meigen, Curtis (Brit. Ent.) etc., Loew, Stett. Ent. Zeitschr. 1846, 167. —- Europe; North America (Massachusetts; Illinois; Quebec, Canada.). (?) Helophilus stipatus Walker, List, etc. III, 602. — Trenton Falls. (?°5), Helophilus Anausis Walker, List, ete. III, 603. — Huds. B. Terr. Novae Scotiae Macquart, Dipt. Exot., 2e Suppl. 60, 10. — Nova Scotia. *obscurus Loew, Centur. IV, 74. — Fort Resolution, Huds. B. Terr.; South Park, Colorado (2°). *obsoletus Loew, Centur. 1V, 75. — Fort Resolution, Huds. B. Terr. poreus Walker, List, etc. II, 551 (Hwmerus). — Huds. B. Terr. (2°), *similis Macquart, Dipt. Exot. Il, 2, 64, 7. — Georgia (Macq.); Uni- ted States; Canada. Helophilus fasciatus Walker, List, etc. II], 605. — Trenton Falls. Hristalis decisus Walker, List, etc. III. 604. — Trenton Falls, Helophilus susurrans Jaennicke, Neue Exot. Dipt. 94. — Illinois. (?**), *polygrammus Loew, Centur. X, 55. — California (Sierra Nevada); Oregon (O. Sacken, Western Dipt., 338; Mexico (? I saw in the Berlin Mus. a specimen very like this species). femoralis Walker, List, etc. III, 603. — Mexico. mexicanus Macquart, Dipt. Exot. II, 2, 64, 6; Tab. IX, f. 2. — Mexico. Observation. JLyistalis Androclus and frater (Walker, List, etc.) and EF. chalepus (Walker, Dipt. Saund.) are Helophili; see the observation at the end of Fristalis, and the Note (28°), About the occurrence in North America of Heloph. pendulus, versicolor, floreus, see the Note (19), . For Helophilus albiceps Macq. see Polydonta curvipes. SYRPHIDAE. ao Teuchocnemis. O. Sacken, Bull. Buff. Soc. N. H, III, 58; 1876. (7%). *Bacuntius Walker, List, etc. III, 563 (Milesia). — Georgia; Texas. (*°8). *lituratus Loew, Centur. 1V, 81 (Pterallastes). — Pennsylvania. Pterallastes. Loew, Centur. IV, 80; 1863. *thoracicus Loew, Centur. IV, 80. — Pennsylvania. Mallota. Meigen, System. Beschr. III, 377; 1822; Imatisma Macquart, Dipt. Exot. II, 2, 67; 1842. *posticata Fabricius, System. Antl. 237, 21 (Hristalis) ; Wiedemann, Auss. Zw. II, 194, 62 (translation from Fabric.); Macquart, Dipt. Exot. II, 2, 68; Tab. XII, f. 2 (Imatisma). — Atlantic States, the same, or a similar species in California (O. Sacken, Western Dipt., 338). Syrphus cimbiciformis Fallen, Eristalis eimbiciformis Meigen. The north of Europe (the identity of this species with the N. American one is acknowledged by Mr. Loew in Neue Beitr., IV, 18 and in Sillim. J. Vol. XXXVI, 317). *barda Say, J. Acad. Phil. VI, 163; Compl. Wr. II, 357 (Milesia) male; (the female described by Say is that of Hristalis flavipes Walker ; compare note (22°) Catskill, N. Y.; Massachusetts; White Mts , N.H. Eristalis coactus Wiedemann, Auss. Zw. II, 165 (without locality). Merodon Balanus Walker, List, ete. III, 599. — New York. Bautias Walker, List, ete. III, 600 (Merodon). — Georgia. (**°). bipartita Walker, List, etc. II, 599 (Merodon). — Georgia. Merodon. Meigen, Illiger’s Magaz. II; 1803. No american species are as yet recorded. The european Merodon narcissi has been occasionally introduced to the United States in dutch bulbs and the fly reared from them by Mr. F. G. Sanborn (see Packard's Guide, 399). For Merodon Bautias, Balanus, bipartitus Walker, see Mallota. Polydonta. Macquart, Dipt. Exot. 4° Suppl. 144; 1849. *eurvipes Wiedemann, Auss. Zw. II, 149, 3 (Merodon). — Northern States, and British Possessions; the same, or a similar species in California and Colorado; see O. Sacken, Western Dipt., 538. Polydonta bicolor Macquart, Dipt. Exot. 4e Suppl. 144, 1; Tab. XIII, f. 6 (male). Helophilus albiceps Macquart, Dipt. Exot. ler Suppl. 152, 9; Tab XI, f. 7 (female). Merodon morosus Walker, List, etc. II, 599 (female). 136 SYRPHIDAE. Tropidia. Meigen, System. Beschr. IfI, 346; 1822. albistylum Macquart, Dipt. Exot. 2e Suppl. 60, I; Tab. II, f. 10. — North America. *mamillata Loew, Centur. I, 68. — Illinois. *quadrata Say, Amer. Ent. I; Tab. VIII; Compl. Wr. I, 14 (Xylote); Wiedemann, Auss. Zw. II, 101. 6 (éd.); Macquart, Dipt. Exot. 11, 272. — United States (Massachusetts, White Mts., N. H.; New . York); California (O. Sacken, Western Dipt., 338). | Criorrhina. Criorhina Hoffmannsegge (in litt.), was introduced as a subgenus 4 of Milesia in Meigen, System. Beschr. III, 236; 1822, appears as Mt such in St. Fargeau et Serville, Encycl. Méth. X, 518, 1825; : adopted as a genus in Macquart, Hist. Nat. Dipt. I, 497; 1834. *analis Macquart, Dipt. Exot. II, 2, 79; Tab. XV, f£ 2 (Milesia). — North America (Macq ). *armillata O. Sacken, Bull. Buff. Soc, N. H. III, 68 (reproduced in ; the note (°°), : Crioprora. nov. gen. (74), *cyanogaster Loew, Centur. X, 51; (Brachypalpus). — Pennsylvania. : *alopex O. Sacken, Western Dipt., 388 (Pocota). — California. : *eyanella O. Sacken, Western Dipt., 339 (Pocota.) — California. i‘ ‘ % Brachypalpus. k Macquart, Hist. Nat. Dipt. I, 523; 1834. ; Amithaon Walker, List, etc. III, 567 (Afilesia). — North Carolina. (4°). *frontosus Loew, Centur. X, 50. — Distr. Columbia, Texas, Massachusetts. (2) Xylota Oarus Walker, List. ete. III, 558. — Trenton Falls. *verbosus (Harris) Walker, List, etc. I, 568. — Connecticut, Canada, Virginia. Musca tomentosa Swederus, Vetensk. Ak. Nya Handl.; 1787. Xylota. Meigen, Sytem. Beschr. III, 211; 1822. (74%), Aepalius Walker, List, ete. WJ, 557. — Georgia. (*4). Anthreas Walker, List, ete. IJ, 556. — Trenton Falls, New York. *angustiventris Loew, Centur. VI, 58. — Illinois; Western New York. Baton Walker, List, etc. III, 554 (,perhaps synon. with ejwncida“ Wk.). — Florida; Nova Scotia. *barbata Loew, Centur. V, 40. — Sitka. *bicolor Loew, Centur. V, 39. — Illinois (Lw.); Englewood, N. J. (O. S.). *chalybea Wiedemann, Auss. Zw. II, 98. — No locality (Wied.) Northern and Middle States (Illinois; Pennsylvania). a Set whee Sale). alee he ag Pg eee lai pint SYRPHIDAE, 137 communis Walker, List, etc. III, 557. — Huds. B. Terr. (perhaps the same as obscura Lw.). curvipes Loew, Neue Beitr. II, 19, 71. — Europe and North America; White Mts., N. H. (About the identity of the species, see O. Sacken, Bull. Buff. Soc. N. H. HI, 70, also reproduced in the note (245). *ejuncida Say, Amer. Ent. 1; Tab. VIII; Compl. Wr. I, 15; Wiedemann, Auss. Zw. II, 100, 5. — Florida; Pennsylvania (Say); New Eng- land (common) (?#°), flavifrons Walker, List, etc. III, 537. — Huds. B. Terr. *fraudulosa Loew, Centur. V, 41. — Illinois, Wisconsin, White Mts., IN.) H. *pigra Fabricius, Meigen, etc. — Europe and North America. Xylota haematodes Fabricius, System. Antl., 193, 21 (Milesia); Say, Amer. Ent. 1; Tab. VIII; Compl. Wr. I, 16; Wiedemann, Auss. Zw. II, 99, 3; Macquart, Dipt. Exot. II, 2, 73; Tab. XI{I, f. 4. — North America. [About the specific identity, see Loew, Sillim. Journ. Vol. XXXVII, 317 ] Libo Walker, List, etc. III, 556. — Nova Scotia. *metallica Wiedemann, Auss. Zw. H, 102, 8. — Georgia. *obseura Loew, Centur. VI, 55. — Red River of the North. *quadrimaculata Loew, Centur. VI, 56. — Illinois. *subfaciata Loew, Centur. VI, 57. — Red River of the North. *vecors O. Sacken, Bull. Buff. Soc. N. H., Ill, 69 (reproduced in the note (*4°). — White Mts., N. H. arcuata Say, J. Acad. Phil. VI, 162; Compl. Wr. IH, 357. — Mexico. *pachymera Loew, Centur. VI, 54. — Cuba. *pretiosa Loew, Wien. Ent. Monatschr. V, 39; Centur. VI, 53. — Cuba. subcostalis Walker, Trans. Ent. Soc. Phil. N. 8. V, 291 — Mexico. Observation. For Xylota Oarus Walker, see Brachypalpus frontosus. Syritta. St. Fargeau et Serville, Encycl. Method. X, 808; 1825. *pipiens Linné, Meigen, etc. — Europe and North America (common); also in California, Nevada, Utah. Xylota proxima Say, Amer Ent. I; Tab. VIII; Compl. Wr. I, 16; Wiedemann, Auss. Zw. II, 102, 9. ‘About the identity of the European and North American species, compare Loew, Sillim. Journ. l. ¢.) Eumerus. Meigen, System. Beschr. IT, 202; 1822. No species from North America have been as yet recorded. For Ewmerus porcus Walker, see Helophilus porcus ; for Humerus privernus Walker, see Mesograpta geminata. (747). 138 SYRPHIDAE. Genus novum ? (°*). *padia Walker, List, etc. II], 559 (Xylota). — New York (Walker); White Mts., N. H.; Maine. (?) Eristalis intersistens Walker, List, etc. I, 615. — Trenton Falls. notata Wiedemann, Auss. Zw. IT, 109, 7 (Milesia). — Macquart, Dipt. Exot. II, 2, 80, 2; Tab. XV, f. 5 (¢d.). — Georgia; Carolina. Syrphus profusus Walker, List, etc. Il, 578. — Georgia. Somuia. Macquart, Dipt. Exot. 2e Suppl. 57; 1847. *decora Macquart, Dipt. Exot. 2e Suppl. 57, 1; Tab. Il, f. 11. — Middle States. Chrysochlamys. Walker (Rondani), Ins. Brit. I, 279; 1851. (74°). *buccata Loew, Centur. IV, 72; O. Sacken, Western Dipt., 340. — Alleghany Mts., Virginia. *dives O. Sacken, Western Dipt., 341. — Kentucky. *nigripes O. Sacken, Western Dipt, 341. — Massachusetts. *eroesus O. Sacken, Western Dipt., 341. — Utah. Spilomyia. Meigen, in Illiger’s Magaz. II; 1803. (2°). *fusca Loew, Centur. V, 34. — Pennsylvania, Massachusetts, White Mis, IN. HL. *hamifera Loew, Centur. V, 33. — Pennsylvania; Virginia; Florida; Kentucky. *longicornis Loew, Centur. X, 49. — Massachusetts; Pennsylvania; Texas; Kansas. Temnostoma. St. Fargeau et Serville, Encycl. Méth. X, 518; 1825. *aequalis Loew, Centur. V, 36. — British North America; New Eng- land (White Mnts., N. H., not rare). (7°). *alternans Loew, Centur. V, 37. — Pennsylvania (Lw.); Quebec, Can.; White Mts., N. H. *Balyras Walker, List, etc. HI, 577 (Doros). — New York; White Mts., N. H. Temnostoma obscura Loew, Centur. V, 35. — British America. (°°), *excentrica Harris, Ins. of New England, etc. 34 ed., 609; f. 267 (Milesia). About O. Sacken’s description, given in the same volume, compare the note (71). — New England (Harris ; Illinois (O. Sacken). Lepidomyia. Loew, Centur. V, 38; 1864. *ealopus Loew, Centur. V, 38. — Cuba. SYRPHIDAE. 139 Milesia. Latreille, Hist. Nat. des Crust. et des Ins. XIV, 361; 1804. *ornata Fabricius, System. Antl. 188, 5; 1805; Wiedemann, Auss. Zw. II, 106, 4; Macquart, Dipt. Exot. IJ, 2, 81, 4; Tab. 15, f. 4. — United States, from New England to Texas, Florida and Kansas; Guadeloupe (Macq.). Musca virginiensis Drury, Illustr. Il; Tab. XXXVII, f. 6; 1778. [ Wied. ] Syrphus trifasciatus Hausmann, Ent. Bemerk. II, 67, 10; 1799. [ Wied. ] *limbipennis Macquart, Dipt. Exot. 4e Suppl. 147, 8; Tab. XIV, f. 3. — North America (Macq.'; Florida. (*°°). Sphecomyia. Latreille, Fam. Natur. du Régne Anim.; 1825; Dict. Classique d'Hist. Nat. XV, 545; 1829; Tyzenhausia Gorski; 1852. (?*). *vittata Wiedemann, Auss. Zw. II, 87 (Chrysotoxum). — Unknown locality (Wied.); New York; Virginia; White Mts., N. H.; Colorado (O. Sacken, Western Dipt., 341). Psarus ornatus Wiedemann, Auss. Zw. II, 91, 1; Tab. IX, f. 7; Macquart, Hist. Nat. Dipt. I, 491, 2; Dipt. Exot. II, 2, 18, 1; Tab; Ill, f. 3. — Georgia (Wied.). *brevicornis O. Sacken, Western Dipt., 341. — Sierra Nevada, Cal. Mixtemyia. Macquart, Hist. Nat. Dipt. I, 491; 1854. *quadrifasciata Say, Long’s Exped. App. 377 (Paragus); Compl. Wr. I, 257; Wiedemann, Auss. Zw. IH, 91, 2 (Psarws); Macquart, Hist. Nat. Dipt. I, 491; Tab. XI, f. 8. — Canada (Quebec); White Mts., N. H.; Cambridge; Mass.; Connecticut. *ephippium O. Sacken, Bull. Buff. Soc. N. H. II, 70 (reproduced in the note (2°). — Mexico. Ceria. Fabricius, System. Ent. IV, 277; 1794. (°°). *abbreviata Loew, Centur. V, 48; compare also X, 57, nota 2, — Pennsylvania, New York. pictula Loew, Neue Beitr. I, 17. — Southern States. *signifera Loew, Neue Beitr. I, 19. — Mexico (Lw.); Texas (M. C. Z.; determination by Lw.). *tridens Loew, Centur. X, 57. — Sierra Nevada, Cal. arietis Loew, Neue Beitr. I, 17. — Mexico. cacica Walker, Trans. Ent. Soc. N. Ser. V, 237. — Mexico. 140 CONOPIDAE. Daphnaeus Walker, List, ete. III, 587; Westwood, Trans. Ent. Soe. V, 231; Tab. XXXII, f. 7; Loew, Neue Beitr. ete. I, 18. — Jamaica. tricolor Loew, Wien. Ent. Monatsch. V, 37. — Cuba. FAMILY CONOPiDAE, Conops. Linné, Fauna Suecica; 1761. (757). aethiops Walker, List, ete. HI, 671. — North America. analis Fabricius, System. Antl. 175, 3; Wiedemann, Auss. Zw. II, 237, 5; Macquart, Dipt. Exot. Il, 3, 14, 12; Tab. I, f. 3. — South America (Fabr.); Carolina (Macq.). brachyrrhynechus Macquart, Dipt. Exot. Il, 3, 15, 15; Tab. I, f. 8, — North America. bulbirostris Loew, Neue Beitr., etc. I, Conops, 30. — North America (Loew 7 litt.). castanopterus Loew, Neue Beitr., etc. I, Conops, 38. — Savannah. costatus Fabricius, System. Antl. 175, 4; Wiedemann, Auss. Zw. II, 238, 6; Macquart, Dipt. Exot. II, 3, 14, 11; Tab. 1, £ 4. — South America (Fabr.); Carolina (Macq.). *excisus Wiedemann, Auss. Zw. Il, 234, 1 and 236, 3 (C. excisa 2 and C. sugens 6); Loew, Neue Beitr., etc. I, Conops, 28. — Georgia, Florida. flaviceps Macquart, Dipt. Exot. II, 3, 15, 14. — North America. fulvipennis Macquart, Dipt. Exot. Il, 3, 18, 10; Tab. I, f. 9. — Georgia. *gvenualis Loew, Neue Beitr., etc. I, Conops, 32. — Middle States. marginatus Say, J. Acad. Phil. III, 82, 1; Compl. Wr. Il, 73; Wiedemann, Auss. Zw. If, 240, 9; Loew, Neue Beitr., ete. I, Conops, 34. — Missouri. creas *pictus Fabricius, Ent. System. IV, 391, 3; System. Antl. 176, 5; Macquart, Dipt. Exot. Il, 3, 138, 9 (ex parte). — West Indies (Fabr.); Carolina (Macq.). Conops Ramondi Bigot, in Ramon de la Sagra etc. 808; Tab. XX, f. 6. [Loew in litt.; see note °°]. *sagittarius Say, J. Acad. Phil. II, 88, 2; Loew, Neue Beitr., etc. I, Conops, 31. — Atlantic States. Conops nigricornis Wiedemann, Auss. Zw. H, 236, 4. [Wied.]. tibialis Say, J. Acad. Phil. VI, 171; Compl. Wr. HU, 363. — Indiana, Stylogaster. Macquart, Hist. Nat. Dipt. I], 88; 1835; Dipt. Exot. II, 3, 17. Stylomyia Westwood, Proc. Zool. Soc. of London, 1850, 269. *stylatus Fabricius, Syst. Antl. 177, 11 (Conops); Wiedemann, Auss. Zw. II, 243, 2 (Myopa); Macquart, Dipt Exot. II, 3, 17; Tab. II, f. 3. — Pennsylvania, Delaware; also in Brazil (Fabr., Wied.). CONOPIDAE. 141 Myopa biannulata Say, J. Acad. Phil. 81, 3; Compl. Wr. II, 72. Stylomyia confusa Westwood, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1850, 269. — No locality. (2°°). Oncomyia. Loew, Centur. VII, Nr. 73, thus amends the earlier name Occemyia Rob. Desy., Dipt. des Eny. de Paris, 50; 1853. *abbreviata Loew, Centur. VII, 73. — Distr. Columbia. *loraria Loew, Centur. VII, 74. — White Mts., N. H. Zodion. Latreille, Précis ete.; 1796. abdominale Say, J. Acad. Phil. HI, 84. 2; Compl. Wr. Il, 74; Wiede- mann, Auss. Zw. I, 242, 2. — Rocky Mountains. *nanellum Loew, Centur. VI, 75. — Distr. Columbia. occidentis Walker, List, etc. III, 676. — Ohio. splendens Jaennicke, Neue Exot. Dipt. 97. — Mexico, Dalmamnia. Dalmannia Rob. Desy. Ess. Myod. 248, 1830; Dalmania (id.), Myopaires ; the latter adopted by Loew, Centur. Vol. II, p. 290. Stachynia Mae- quart, Dipt. du Nord, 1883—34. (26°), *nigriceps Loew, Centur. VII, 71. — Virginia (Lw.); Massachusetts. Myopa. Fabricius, System. Ent. p. 798; 1775. americana Wiedemann, Auss. Zw. I, 242, 3 (Zodion). — Montevideo (Wied.); North America (Walker, List, etc. III, 678). apicalis Walkcr, List, etc. HI, 679. — North America. bistria Walker, List, etc. III, 679. — North America. *eclausa Loew, Centur. VI, 72. — Maine. fulvifrons Say, J. Acad. N. Se. Phil. III, 88; Compl. Wr. II, 74 (Zodion); Wiedemann, Auss. Zw. II, 241, 1 (éd.) — Pennsylvania, Maryland (Say). Myopa rubrifrons Rob. Desovidy, Ess. Myod. 247, 17 [Walker, List, etc. II, 678). longicornis Say, Journ. Acad. N. Sc. Phil. IJ, 81, 2; Compl. Wr. I, 72; Wiedemann, Auss. Zw. II, 245, 4. — Missouri. obliquefasciata Macquart, Dipt. Exot. ler Suppl. 141, 1. — Texas. vesiculosa Say, J. Acad. N. Se. Phil. HI, 80, 1; Compl. Wr. IJ, 72; Wiedemann, Auss. Zw. II, 245, 3. — Pennsylvania (Say); Massa- chusetts (Harris, Catal.). viearia Walker, List, etc. III, p 679. — Nova Scotia. conjuncta Thomson, Eugen. Resa, Dipt. 515. — California. Observation. For Myopa biannulata Say, see Stylogaster stylatus. For Myopa nigripennis Gray, see Pyrgota wndata. 142 PIPUNCULIDAE. — PLATIPEZIDAE. — OESTRIDAE. FAMILY PIPUNCULIDAE. Pipunculus. Latreille, Hist. Nat. des Crust. et des Ins.; 1804. (28), *cingulatus Loew, Centur. VI, 73. — Distr. Columbia. *fasciatus Loew, Centur. X, 59. — Texas. *fuscus Loew, Centur. VI, 71. — Maryland. lateralis Walker, Dipt. Saund., 216. — North America. *nigripes Loew, Centur. VI, 75. — Pennsylvania. *nitidiventris Loew, Centur. VI, 72. - Distr. Columbia. reipublicae Walker, List, etc. III, 639. — New York. *subopacus Loew, Centur. VI, 74. — Distr. Columbia. *subvirescens Loew, Centur. X, 58. — Texas. translatus Walker, Trans. Ent. Soc. N. Ser. 1V, 150. — United States. FAMILY PLATYPEZIDAE. Callomyia. Meigen, Klassification etc., I, 2, 811; 1804. *divergens Loew, Centur. VI, 77. — Pennsylvania. *notata Loew, Centur. VI, 77. — Pennsylvania. *talpula Loew, Centur. IX, 81. — New Hampshire. *tenera Loew, Centur. IX, 82. — New York. Platypeza. Meigen, in Illiger's Magaz. II, 272; 1803 *anthrax Loew, Centur. IX, 83. — New York. *flavicornis Loew, Centur. VI, 79. — Pennsylvania. *obseura Loew, Centur. VI, 80. — Pennsylvania. *pallipes Loew, Centur. VI, 81. — Distr. Columbia. *velutina Loew, Centur. VI, 79. — Pennsylvania. Platyenema. Zetterstedt, Dipt. Scand. I, 332; 1842. *imperfecta Loew, Centur. VI, 82. — Distr. Columbia. FAMILY OESTRIDAE. () Gastrophilus. Leach, on the gen. and sp. of Eprob. ins. etc. 1817; Gastrus Meigen. *equi Fabricius, Meigen, Latreille, B. Clark etc. A. Fitch, Survey of Washington Co., N. Y. (in Trans. N. Y. Agric. Soc. Vol. IX, 799; Oestrus); Harris, Ins. of N. Engl. 34 edit. 623; Tab. VII, f. 2; Brauer, Oestriden, 68; Tab, I, f. 1; Tab. V, f. 1; Tab. VII, £ 1 — 3 (larva). — Europe and North America; on horses. OESTRIDAE. 143 haemorrhoidalis Linné, Fabricius, Meigen, Clark etc. Harris, Ins. of N. Engl. 623. Brauer, Oestriden, 48; Tab. I, f. 5; Tab. VII, f. 4 (larva). — Europe and North America; on horses. *nasalis Linné, Meigen, etc. Brauer, 1. c. 86; Tab. I, f. 7; Tab. VII, f. 6 (larva). — Europe and North America; on horses (I have seen specimens from New York, Utah and Kansas), Gastrus veterinus Clark, Fabricius, Fallen; Green, Natur. Hist. of the horse-bee in Adams’s medical and agricultural register, Vol. I, 53; New England Farmer, Vol. 1V, 345; Harris Ins. N. Engl. 34 edit. 623. Oestrus suljacens Walker, List, etc. HI, 687. — Nova Scotia [Brauer suggests this synonymy, which I can confirm, after having seen the specimens in the Brit. Mus.]. pecorum Fabricius, Fallen, Meigen, etc. Walker, List, etc. Il, 686; Brauer, Oestriden, 75; Tab. I, f. 4; Tab. VII, f. 5 and 7 (larva). — Europe, and according to Walker, Jamaica. Hypoderma. Clark, Essay on bots etc.; 1815. bonassi Brauer, Verh. Zool. Bot. Ges., 1875, 75 (the larva alone is described). — On the buffalo. *bovis De Geer, Fabricius, ete, Brauer, Oestriden, 125; Tab. II, f. 2; Tab. V, f. 4; Tab. VIII, f. 12 and 7; Fitch, Survey, etc. 799; Harris, Ins. N. Engl. 34 edit. 624. — Europe and North America (on oxen). *lineata Villers, Olivier, etc. Brauer, Oestriden, 122; Tab. I, f. 3; Tab. V, f. 8 (larva). — Europe and North America (specimens from Kentucky in the Vienna Museum; from Texas in M. C. Z.). On sheep or oxen (?). Oestrus supplens Walker, List, etc. III, 685; Brauer, Oestriden, 129 [merely a translation of Walker’s description. Brauer suggests that this may be H. lineata; the specimens I saw in the Brit. Museum are either lineata or bovis]. — Nova Scotia. Oedemagena. Latreille, Fam. Natur.; 1825. tarandi Linné, Fabricius, Meigen, etc. — Brauer, Oestriden, 131. — On the reindeer; Europe and North America (the latter according to Palisot in Macquart, Dipt. Exot. II, 3, 25; according to Brauer the Vienua Museum possesses an american specimen). Oestrus. Linné, Fauna Suecica. 1761. *ovis Linné, Fabricius, Meigen, etc. Brauer, Oestriden, 151; Tab. If], f. 1; Tab. VI, f. 1; Tab. VII, f. 10 (larva); A. Fitch, Survey ou. Washington, Co. (1. c. 799). -- Europe and North America ; on sheep 144 OESTRIDAE, Cephenomyia, Cephenemyia Latreille, Fam. Natur.; 1825; amended by Brauer. Ulrichii Brauer, Oestriden, 199; Tab. 1II, f. 8; Tab. IX, f. 7 (larva). — Europe (on Cervus Alces); North America (only larvae were seen by Brauer from this part. of the world). phobifer Clark, Essay etc., 69; Tab. II, f. 30 (Oestrus); Brauer, Oestriden, 213 and also 291; Tab. V, f. 11 (Referred to the genus with a doubt, as this author never saw the insect). — Georgia. Observation. A larva of this genus found in the throat of Cervus macrotis Say in the North Western territories, is described by Brauer, 1. c. 211 and figured on his Tab. IX, f.9. The fly from it is not yet known. Cuterebra. Clark, Essay on the Bots; 1815; Trypoderma Wiedemann, Loew. americana Fabricius, System. Ent. 774, 6; Ent. System. IV, 315, 14; System. Antl. 288, 21 (Musca); Wiedemann, Auss. Zw. II, 258, 3 (Trypoderma) ; Macquart, Dipt. Exot. Il, 3, 28,5; Brauer, Oestriden, 242; Tab. IV, f. 2; Tab. VI, f 7 (head). — United States and Mexico. Cuterebra cauterium Clark, Essay on Bots 70; Tab. II, f. 3 (Brauer). approximata Walker, in Lord’s Naturalist etc. Il, 338. — Van- _couver’s Isl. *buceata Fabricius, Mant. Ins. 305, 1; Ent. System. IV, 230, 1; System. Antl, 227, 1 (Oestrus); Wiedemann, Auss. Zw. II, 259, 4 (L’rypoa- derma); Olivier, Encyel. Méth. VIII, 464; Macquart, Hist. Nat. Dipt. II, 47, 2; Brauer, Oestriden, 429; Tab. IV, f. 4; Tab. VI, f. 9 (head). — Kentucky, Pennsylvania, Carolina (Fabr.); Massa- chusetts (Harris). Cuterebra purivora Clark, Essay on Bots, etc. 70, 4; Tab. II, f. 29. | Wied. ]. eunieuli Clark, Trans. Lin. Soc. III, 299; Essay on Bots 70, 1; Tab. Il, f. 26; Fabr., Syst. Antl. 230, 9 (estrus); Wiedemann, Auss. Zw. IL, 256, 1 (Trypoderma); Olivier, Encycl. Méth. VIII, 464, 2; Macquart, Hist. Nat. Dipt. II, 47, 1; Tab. XIII, f 17; Brauer, Oestriden, 240. — Georgia, Massachusetts (Brauer, 1]. ¢. doubts the specific distinctness of this species from C. horripilum). emasculator Fitch, Reports, Vol. Il, Nr. 210; Brauer, Oestriden, 232 (Translation of Dr. Fitch’s account, with remarks). — North America; on Tamias striatus. fontinella Clark, Trans. Lin Soc. XV, 410; Joly, Réch. sur les Oestrides, 289. Braucr, Oestriden, 242 reproduces Clark’s descrip- tion. — Illinois. : *horripilum Clark, Essay etc., 70; Tab. II, f. 27; Brauer, Oestriden, 235; Tab. 1V, f. 6; Tab. VI, f. 11 (head); Wiedemann, Auss. Zw. Il, 237 (Trypoderma). — New York, Georgia, Nova Scotia. TACHINIDAE, 145 *seutellaris Loew, Brauer, Oestriden, 230; Tab. IV, f.3: Tab. 6, f. 10 (head). — North America (according to Brauer probably syno- nymous with C. emasculator). analis Macquart, Dipt. Exot. II, 3, 22; Tab. II, f. 5; Joly, Rech. 278 (Fig.); Brauer, Oestriden, 237; Tab. IV, f. 1, 12; Tab. VI, f. 8 (head). — Brazil and Mexico. apicalis Guérin, Iconogr. etc. 547; Tab. 101, f. 1. — America (accord- ing to Brauer 1. c. 240, probably the male of the preceding species). atrox Clark, Essay etc. Addenda; Brauer, Oestriden, 241. — Mexico. terrisona Walker, List, etc. III, 685. — Brauer, Oestriden, 244. — Guatemala. (Brauer, who merely translates Walker’s description, holds this to be the same as C. americana.) Dermatobia. Brauer, Verh. Zool. Bot. Ges.; 1860. The so — called Oestrus hominis of Central and South America belongs here. The description of all the known larvae, as_ well as of the known imagos are collected in Brauer, Oestriden, 251 — 269; Tab. X. All the references will be found there. Here I will quote only Say, ,On the South Amer. species of Oestrus, which inhabits the human body“, in the Journ. Acad, N. Sci. Phil. Il, 354, 1822; Compl. Wr. Il, 32. FAMILY TACHINIDAKE. (*™). SECTION I. PHASINA. Phasia. Latreille, Hist. Nat. des Crust. et des Ins. XIV, 379; 1804. atripennis Say, J. Acad. Phil. VI, 172, 1; Compl. Wr. II, 363. — Indiana. Hiyalomyia. Rob. Desvoidy, Myod. 298; 1830. occidentis Walker, Dipt. Saund., 260, —- United States, *triangulifera Loew, Centur. 1V, 85. — New York. Trichopoda. Latreille, in Cuvier’s Régne animal Vol. V; 1829. ciliata Fabricius, System. Antl. 315, 9 (Ocyptera); Wiedemann, Auss. Zw. II, 273, 8; Macquart, Dipt. Exot. II, 3, 77,2; Tab. IX, f. 1.— South America (Fabr., Wied.). — Carolina (Macq.). cilipes Wiedemann, Auss. Zw. I, 276, 11. — Carolina. Thereva pennipes Fabricius, System. Antl. 219, 8 (change of name by Wiedemann.) flavicornis R. Desvoidy, Myod. 284. — Carolina. 13 146 TACHINIDAE, *formosa Wiedemann, Auss. Zw. JI, 268, 1; Macquart, Hist. Nat. Dipt. - II, 194, 1; Tab. XV, f. 8. — Georgia. hirtipes Fabricius, System. Antl. 219, 9 (Thereva); R. Desvoidy, Myod. 284; W iedemann, Auss. Zw. 11, 276, 12. — Carolina. *lanipes Fabricius, System. Antl. 994), 10 (Thereva) ; Wiedemann, Auss. Zw. Il, 270, a R. Desvoidy, Myod., 284, 5. — Georgia. *pennipes Fabricius, Ent. Syst. IV, 343, 149 (Musea) ; System. Antl. 327, 5 (Dictya); Wiedemann, Auss. Zw. H, 274, 9; R. Desvoidy, Myod., 283, 1. — Atlantic States. Phasia jugatoria Say, J. Acad. Phil. VI, 172, 2; Compl. Wr. I, 364. plumipes Fabricius, System. Antl. 220, 11 (Thereva); Wiedemann, Auss. Zw. II, 277, 13; R. Desvoidy, Myod. 285, 6. — Carolina. *pyrrhogaster Wiedemann, Auss. Zw. Il, 271. — Cuba; Texas (Loew wm litt.). *radiata Loew, Centur. IV, 89. — Distr. Columbia. *trifasciata Loew, Centur. IV, 90. — Connecticut. haitensis R. Desvoidy, Myod. 285. -- San Domingo. mexicana Macquart, Dipt. Exot. ler Suppl. 172, 3 — Mexico. nigricauda Bigot, Aun. Soc. Ent. Fr. 1876, 394. — Mexico. Himantostoma. Loew, Centur. IV, 87; 1863. *sugens Loew, Centur. IV, 87. — Illinois. Xysta. Meigen, System. Beschr. IV, 181; 1824. * didyma Loew, Centur. IV, 86. — Illinois. SECTION II. GYMNOSOMINA, Gymnosoma. Meigen, in Mlliger’s Magaz. II, 1803. * filiola Loew, Centur. X, 66. — Texas. fuliginosa R. Desvoidy, Myod. 287. — Carolina. occidua Walker, List, etc. IV, 692. — Nova Scotia. *par Walker, List, etc. IV, 692. — Nova Scotia. Cistogaster. Latreille, in Cuvier’s Régne animal. Vol. V; 1829. *divisa Loew, Centur. IV, 88. — Connecticut. immaculata Macquart, Dipt. Exot. IJ, 3, 76; Tab. VII, f. 7. — Carolina. SECTION III. OCYPTERINA. Ocyptera. (°*). Latreille, Hist. Nat. des Crust. et des Ins. XIV, 378; 1804. arcuata Say, J. Acad. Phil. VI, 173; Compl. Wr. II 363. — Indiana. [Not an Ocyptera, Loew in litt.). TACHINIDAE, 147 aurata R. Desvoidy, Myod. 226 (Hemyda). — Philadelphia. [Not an Ocyptera, Loew in litt.). earolinae R. Desvoidy, Myod. 232 (Parthenia); Macquart, Dipt. Exot. II, 3, 75. — Carolina. Dosiades Walker, List, etc. IV, 695. — Nova Scotia. Epytus Walker, List, etc. IV, 694. — Georgia. Euchenor Walker, List, etc. IV, 696. — Massachusetts; Newfoundland. liturata Olivier, Encycl. Méthod. VUI, 423, 1. — Carolina. Dotadas Walker, List, ete IV, 694. — Jamaica. Ervia. Rob. Desvoidy, Myod. 225, 1830; Macquart, Dipt. Exot. II, 3, 74. triquetra Olivier, Encycl. Méthod. VIII, 423, 2 (Ocyptera); Rob. Des- voidy, Myod. 225. — Carolina. Lophosia. Meigen, System. Beschr. IV, 216; 1824. setigera Thomson, Eugen. Resa, etc. 527. — California. SECTION IV. PHANINA. Wahlbersia. (*) Zetterstedt, Dipt Scand. I; 1842. *brevipennis Loew, Centur. IV, 91. — Nebraska. SECTION V. TACHININA. Dejeania. Rob. Desvoidy, Myod. 33, 1880; Macquart, Dipt. Exot. II, 3, 32; 1843. *corpulenta Wiedemann, Auss. Zw. II, 280 (Lachina); Schiner, No- vara etc. 337 (I suspect that Macquart’s D. corpulenta in Hist. Nat. Dipt. Il, 77, 22; Dipt. Exot. II, 3, 35, 4; ler Suppl. 145; Tab. XII, f. 2, is some other species). — Mexico (Wied.); South America (Schiner); Rocky Mts., in Colorado (O. Sacken). (°°). Dejeania rufipalpis Macquart, Dipt. Exot. 1, 8, 35, 5; Tab. II, f. 1. — Mexico. Dejeania vexatriz O. Sacken, Western Dipt., 343. *yutilioides Jaennicke, Neue Exot. Dipt. 137. — Mexico (Jaenn.); San Dicgo, Cal.; Manitou, Colorado (O. 8., Western Dipt.). \°°°)- analis Macquart, Dipt. Exot. II, 3, 84, 3; Tab. III, f. 3; Bigot, in R. de la Sagra etc. 809 (Zchinomyia). — Mexico (Macq.); Cuba (Bigot). *) Schiner (Fauna Austr. Dipt. I. p. 419) revives the older name Besseria R. Desvoidy; but as R. Desvoidy himself, in his later work, Diptéres des envir. de Paris ignores Besseria and adopts Wahdbergia, we may do the same here. 148 TACH!NIDAE, armata Wiedemann, Auss. Zw. II, 287, 11 (Tachina); Macquart, Dipt, Exot. 4e Suppl. 168; Tab. XV, f, 7. — Cuba; Brazil (Macquart and Schiner, Novara etc. 337). Hiystricia. Macquart, Dipt. Exot. II, 3, 43; 1843; compare also Schiner, Dipt. of the Novara ete. 331, foot-note. *vivida Harris, Ins. New Engl. 34 Edit., 612; Tab. VII, f. 1 (Zachina). — United States, common. (7°), Hystricia testacea Macquart, Dipt. Exot. I], 3, 44; Tab. IV, f. 4. — North America and Mexico. Tachina finitima Walker, List, ete. IV, 70. — Nova Scotia (!). (?) Tachina abrupta Wiedemann, Auss. Zw. II, 293, 22. — North America. ambigua Macquart, Dipt. Exot. 4e Suppl. 172, 9. — Mexico. amoena Macquart, Dipt. E.ot. I], 3, 44, 2. — Mexico. Hystrisyphona. Bigot, Rev. et Mag. de Zool. 1859, 309. niger Bigot, 1. c. — Mexico. Surinia. R. Desvoidy, Myod. 34; 1830. Macquart, Dipt. Exot. II, 3, 37. *algens Wiedemann, Auss. Zw. ll, 285, 8 (Tachina). — North America (Wied.); New Engiand and British possessions, common; also farther South. , amethystina Macquart, Dipt. Exot. Il, 3, 42, 9; Tab. II, f. 7, and ler Suppl. 147. — Georgia, Venezuela. apicifera Walker, List, etc. IV, 718. — North America. aterrima R. Desvoidy, Myod. 36. — United States. Boscii R. Desvoidy, Myod. 36. — United States. eandens Walker, List, etc. IV, 720. — Nova Scotia. decisa Walker, List, etc. IV; 715. — Huds. B. Terr.; Nova Scotia. georgica Macquart, Hist. Nat. Dipt. H, 79, 31. — Georgia. fuscipennis Jaennicke, Neue Exot. Dipt. 83. — North America. *hystrix Fabricius, System. Ent. 777, 21 (Musca); Ent. System. IV, 025, 55 (id.); System. Antl. 310, 8 (Zachina); Olivier, Encyel. Méthod. VII, 22, 59 (Musca); Wiedemann, Auss. Ziv. II, 288, 6; Macquart, Hist. Nat. Dipt. I, 79, 80 (2chinomyia). — America (Fabr.); Kentucky (Wied.). Jurinia metallica R. Desvoidy, Myod. 35. Musca pilosa Drury, Ins. 1; Tab. XLV, f. 7 [Wied.]. leucostoma R. Desvoidy, Myod. 37. — North America. virginiensis Macquart, Dipt. Exot. 4e Suppl. 171, 16. — Virginia. echinata Thomson, Eugen. Resa, 516. — California. TACHINIDAE, 129 analis Macquart, Dipt. Exot. II. 3, 39, 1; Tab. Ill, f. 8. — Brazil, Mexico. apicalis Jaennicke, Neue Exot. Dipt. 82. — Mexico. basalis Walker, List, etc. IV, 718. — Jamaica. contraria Walker, List, etc. IV, 716. — Mexico. debitrix Walker, Trans. Ent. Soc. N. Ser. V, 296. — Mexico. epileuca Walker, List, etc. IV, 716. — Jamaica. flavifrons Jaennicke, Neue Exot. Dipt. 82. — Moxico. innoyata Walker, Trans. Ent. Soc. N. Ser. V, 296. — Mexico. lateralis Macquart, Dipt. Exot. I, 3, 42,8; Tab. III, f. 10. — Mexico. . Echinomyia. Dumeril, Exposit. dune Mcthode Natur. etc. 1798. aenea Zetterstedt, Dipt. Scand. VIII, 38217; Gerstaecker, Die 2te deutsche N rd olfahrt etc. — East Greenland. Anaxia; Walker, List, etc. IV, 726. — Nova Scotia. florum Walker, List, etc. LV, 722 (Fabricia). — Huds. B. Terr., Nova Scotia. haemorrhoa v. d. Wulp, Tijdschr. v. Ent. 24 Ser. II, 145; Tab. IV, f. 13—16. — Wisconsin. iterans Walker, List, etc. 1V, 727. — Nova Scotia. Leschenaldi R. Desvoidy, Myod. 42 (Peleteria). — North America. Lapilaei R. Desvoidy, Myod. 44; id. Dipt. des env. de Paris I, 642. — Newfoundland. picea R. Desvoidy, Myod. 44; id. Dipt. des env. de Paris I, 642; Macquart, Vipt. Exot. HU, 3, 37, 2; Tab. Il, f 4. — Nova Scotia. punctifera Walker, List, etc. IV, 728. — Massachusetts. ealiforniae Walker, Dipt. Saund., 270 (Fabrica). — California. filipalpis Thomson, Eugen. Resa, 517. — California. basifulvya Walker, List, etc. IV, 725. — Jamaica. Cyphocera. Cuphocera, Macquart Ann. Soc. Ent. de France II, 3, 267; 1845; amended in Cyphocera by Rondani and Loew. ruficauda v. d. Wulp, Tijdschr. v. Ent. 24 Ser. II, 146; Tab. IV, f. 17—20 (Schineria) ; Loew, in Zeitschr. f. Ges. Naturw. XXXVI, 114, refers the species to the present genus. — Wisconsin. Gymnochaeta. Rob. Desvoidy, Myod. 371; 1880. *aleedo Loew, Centur. VIII, 61. — United States. Micropalpus. Macquart, Hist. Nat. Dipt. II, 80; 1835. distinectus R. Desvoidy, Myod. 54 (Linnemyia). — Philadelphia. 159 TACUINIDAE. piceus Macquart, Hist. Nat. Dipt. II, 84, 11. — Carolina. Marshamia analis Rob. Desvoidy, Myod. 58 [Macq]. californiensis Macquart, Dipt. Exot. 4¢ Suppl. 175, 18. — California. albomaculatus Jaennicke, Neue Exot. Dipt. 80. — Mexico. flayitarsis Macquart, Dipt. Exot. II, 3, 47, 4; Tab. V, f. 1; ler Suppl. 152, 11; Tab. XIII; £ 13; 3e Suppl. 45; Schiner , Dipt. of the Novara ete. 334 (Saundersia). —_ Mexico (Macq.); South America (Schiner). (2°), ornatus Macquart, Dipt. Exot. II, 3, 47, 5; Tab. IV, f. 6; Schiner, Dipt. of the Novara etc. 333 (Gaumaersin! — Mexico; Columbia (S. America). rufipes Jaennicke, Neue Exot. Dipt. 79. — Panama. Gonia. Meigen, in Illiger’s Magaz. II; 1803. albifrons Walker, List, etc. 1V, 792. — Huds. B. Terr. auriceps Meigen, System. Beschr. V, 5, 7. — Europe and Georgia, North America (Walker, List, etc. IV, 798). *frontosa Say, J. Acad. Phil. VI, 175; Compl. Wr. II, 365. — Upper Missouri (Say). philadelphica Macquart, Dipt Exot. I, 3, 51, 6. — Philadelphia. angusta Macquart, Dipt. Exot. I], 38, 51, 7; Tab. V, f. 5. — Locality unknown (Macq.); Jamaica (Walker, List, etc. IV, 798). erassicornis Fabricius, System. Antl. 301, 84 (Musca); Wiedemann, Auss. Zw. Il, 345, 4. — West Indies. chilensis Macquart, Dipt. Exot. I, 3, 50, 5; Tab. V, f. 4; Bigot, in R. de la Sagra etc. 809. — Cuba; Chili (Macquart says that this species differs from the european G. capitata only in the absence of black at the end of the abdomen), Nemoraea. R. Desvoidy, Myod. 71; 1830. Schiner, Fauna Austr. I, 447. (°°). Clesides Walker, List, etc. IV, 757. — North America. *leucaniae Kirkpatrick, Ohio Agric. Report for 1860, 358 (Ezorista) ; Riley, 24 Rep. 51, f. 17 (id.). — Parasite of Lewcania wripuncta. Exorista Osten Sackenii, Kirkpatrick, 1. c., according to Riley 1. c., only a variety of the former. Senometopia militaris Walsh, Insects injurious to Vegetation in Illinois (Pamphlet containing a detailed description of this fly, with a figure. It is dated Sept. 1861. The description is repro- duced by Packard, Entom. Report on the army-worm and grain- aphis, in the Scientif. Survey of the State of Maine 1861); Amer. Entom. II, 101. Occurs in the West, as well as in the Kastern States, according to Packard. TACHINIDAE. 15% Masurius Walker, List, ete. IV, 753 (Hrigone). — North America. Pyste Walker, List, ete. IV, 754 (Lrigone). — Nova Scotia. trixoides Walker, List, etc. IV, 760. — Georgia. intrita Walker, Trans, Ent. Soc. N. Ser. V, 297. — Mexico. Exorista. Meigen, in Illiger’s Magaz. II; 1803. (27°). Areos Walker, List, etc. IV, 766 (Lydelia). — North America. cecropiae Riley 4th Rep. 108. Also Amer. Ent. II, 101. — On Alttacus Cecropia. doryphorae Riley, Amer. Ent. I, 46, f. 35; the same, First Rep. 111, f. 48 (Lydella) ; parasite on Doryphora decemlineata. Epicydes Walker, List, etc. IV, 785 (Aplomyia). — Huds. B. Terr. flavicauda Riley, 24 Rep. 51 if. 18). — Missouri. Hybreas Walker, List, ete. IV, 785 (Aplomyia). — Huds. B. Terr. irrequieta Walker, List, ete. IV, 789 (Aplomyia). — Nova Scotia. Mella Walker, List, etc. IV, 767 (Lydella). — Nova Scotia. Panaetius Walker, List, ete. IV, 767 (Lydella). — Nova Scotia. Pansa Walker, List, etc. IV, 787 (Aplomyia). — Nova Scotia. phycitae Le Baron, 24 Rep. 123 (parasite of caterpillar of Phycita nebulo in Illinois). — Also Riley, 4th Rep. 40. violenta Walker, List, ete. IV, 788 (Aplomyia). — Nova Scotia. cessatrix Walker, Trans. Ent. Soc. N. Ser. V, 305 (Lydella). — Mexico. ?indita Walker, 1. c. 3806 (Lydella). — Mexico. lepida R. Desvoidy, Myod. 153 (Zenillia.) — Cuba. rubrella R. Desvoidy, Myod. 179 (Careellia). — San Domingo. Tachina.(*) Meigen, in Illiger’s Magaz. IT; 1803. addita Walker, Dipt. Saund., 290. — United States. albifrons Walker, Dipt. Saund., 225. — United States. Ampelus Walker, List, etc. IV, 732. — Nova Scotia. ancilla Walker, Dipt. Saund., 299. — United States. antennata Walker, Dipt. Saund., 298. — United States. atra Walker, Dipt. Saund., 273. — Georgia. convecta Walker, Dipt. Saund., 277. — United States. degenera Walker, List, etc. IV, 733. — Huds. B. Terr. disjuncta Wiedemann, Anal. Ent. 45, 88; Auss Zw. II, 295, 24. — North America. Dydas Walker, List, etc. IV, 748. — Huds. B. Terr. exul Walker, Dipt. Saund., 277. — United States. hirta Curtis, Ins. Ross’s Exp. LXXIX. — Arctic America. insolita Walker, Dipt. Saund., 277; Tab. VII, f. 2. — United States. interrupta Walker, Dipt. Saund., 295. — Georgia. *) This is not Yachina in Schiner’s sense, but a congeries of species published by authors under that head, and which could not be disposed of elsewhere. 52 TACHINIDAE, Melobosis Walker, List, etc. IV, 743. — Florida. obconica Walker, Dipt. Saund., 296. — United States. signifera Walker, List, etc. IV, 708. — Nova Scotia. speculifera Walker, 1. c. 731. — North America. unifasciata R. Desvoidy, Myod. 105 (Latreillia). — Philadelphia. albineisa Wiedemann, Auss. Zw. II, 334, 98. — St. Thomas. breviventris Wiedemann |. c. II, 297, 28. — Brazil (Wied.); Jamaica (Walker, List, etc. [V, 712). erudelis Wiedemann, |. c. II, 300, 35. — West Indies. cubaecola Jaennicke, Neue Exot. Dipt. 74; Tab. II, f. 6. — Cuba. distincta Wiedemann, Anal. Ent. 45; Auss. Zw. II, 334, 99. — West Indies. [According to Macquart, Dipt. Exot. I, 38, 59, this is a Masicera]. elegans Bigot, in R. de la Sagra etc. 810; Tab. 20, f. 7. — Cuba. hirta Drury, Ins. 109; Tab. XLV, f. 4 (AZuscea). — Jamaica. occidentalis Wiedemann, Auss. Zw. II, 335. — St. Thomas. [Also referred to Masicera by Macquart, Dipt. Exot. If, 3, 59.] potens Wiedemann, Auss. Zw. Il, 512; Bigot, in R. de la Sagra ete. 810. — Brazil (Wied.); Cuba (Bigot) |Macquart, Dipt. Exot. II, 3, 58, refers this species to Lurygaster]. pusilla Wiedemann, Auss. Zw. Il, 357, 104. — West Indies. saltatrix Wiedemann, 1. c. 800, 36. — West Indies. trivittata Wiedemann, Auss. Zw. II, 300, 34. — West Indies. subvaria Walker, Dipt. Saund., 299. — West Indies. Observation. Tachina anonyma (Masicera?) Riley, 4th Rep. 129, 5th Rep. 133 and 7th Rep. 178 has never been described. It was bred from different moths, and also from the migratory Grasshopper Caloptenus spretus. Masicera. Macquart, Hist. Nat. Dipt. II, 118; 1835. archippivora Riley, 38¢ Rep. 150. — Missouri (parasitic on Danaus archippus and other caterpillars). cubensis Macquart, Dipt. Exot. 8e Suppl. 46, 18; Tab. V, f. 5; Bigot, in R. de la Sagra etc, 813. — Cuba. expergita Walker, Trans. Ent. Soc. N. Ser. V, 304. — Mexico. disputans Walker, Trans. Ent. Soc. N. Ser. V, 303. — Mexico. gentica Walker, Trans. Ent. Soc. N. Ser. V, 302. — Mexico. necopina Walker, Trans. Ent. Soc. N. Ser. 303. — Mexico. Observation. Macquart, Dipt. Exot. II, 3, 59 refers Tachina distincta Wied. and T. occidentalis Wied., both from the West Indies, to the genus Masicera; they will be found among the Tachinae. Phorocera. R. Desvoidy, Myod. 131; 1830. Schiner, Fauna Austr. I, 488. Demylus Walker, List, ete [IV 779. — North America (?). _— TACHINIDAE. 153 prisea Walker, List, etc. IV, 780. — Nova Scotia. Theutis Walker, List, etc. IV, 778. — Nova Scotia. claripennis Macquart, Dipt. Exot. 3e Suppl. 49, 10; Tab. V, f. 8. — North America. botyvora R. Desvoidy, Myod. 138. — Cuba (bred from the chrysalis of a Botys). Baumhaueria. Meigen, System. Beschr. VII, 251; 1858. analis v.d. Wulp, Tijdschr. v. Ent. 24 Ser. I, 148; Tab. IV, f. 21—23. — Wisconsin. Belvoisia. R. Desvoidy, Myod. 103; 1830. *bifasciata Fabricius, System. Ent. 777, 19 (Musca); Ent. System. IV, 825, 53 (id.); System. Antl. 299, 78 (id.); Latreille, Dict. dHist. Nat. XXIV, 195, 373 (Ocyptera); Wiedemann, Auss. Zw. H, 305, 44 (Tachina) ; R. Desvoidy, Myod. 104 (Latreillia ); R. Desvoidy, Dipt. des environs de Paris I, 563 (Lalage); Macquart, Hist. Nat. Dipt. 11, 104, 19 (Nemoraea g); Dipt. Exot. Il, 38, 57; Tab. VI, f. 2; Bigot in R. de la Sagra etc. 818 (Nemoraea); Riley, Fifth Report 140, with figure). — North and South America. (?"7). Belvoisia bicincta R. Desvoidy, Myod. 103, 2. Senometopia bicincta Macquart, Hist. Nat. Dipt. I, 112. Metopia. Meigen, Illiger’s Magaz. II; 1803. (*) Schiner, Fauna Austr. I, 498. (°7°). grisea R. Desvoidy, Myod. 131 (Araba). — North America. Xychus Walker, List, etc. 770 IV, (Ophelia). — Jamaica. Senotainia. Macquart, Dipt. Exot. ler Suppl. 167; 1846. rubriventris Macquart, 1. c. 167; Tab. XX, f. 8. — Galveston, Texas. Miltogramma. Meigen, Illiger’s Magaz. II; 1803. trifasciata Say, J. Acad. Phil. VI, 174; Compl. Wr. II, 363. — Indiana. erythrocera Thomson, Eugen. Resa ete. 523. — California, biseta Thomson, Eugen. Resa etc. 524, — Panama. ") Agassiz, Index universilis, erroneously has 18°8 154 TACHINIDAE. Biepharopeza. Blepharipeza Macquart, Dipt. Exot. Il, 3, 54, 1843; amended by Loew, Centur. X, 67. bicolor Macquart, Dipt. Exot. ler Suppl. 158, 4; Tab. XX, f. 7. — Galveston, Texas. *adusta Loew, Centur. X, 67. — California. rufipalpis Macquart, Dipt. Exot. II, 3, 55, 1; Tab. VI, f. 1; Bigot, in R. de la Sagra etc. 815. —- Cuba, Mexico. Eurygaster. (°°). Macquart, Dipt. Exot. II, 3, 57; 1845. septentrionalis Walker, Lord’s Natur. in Vancouver’s Island, I, 339. — Vancouver's Island. commentans Walker, Trans. Ent. Soc. N. S. V, 300. — Mexico. desita Walker, 1. c. 299. — Mexico. fertoria Walker, 1. c. 300. — Mexico. habilis Walker, 1. c. 501. — Mexico. modestus Bigot, R. de la Sagra ete. 812. — Cuba. obscurus Bigot, 1. c. 812. — Cuba. postica Walker, Trans. Ent. Soc. N. 8. V, 301. — Mexico. saginata Walker, Trans. Soc. N. Ser. V, 298. — Mexico. Degeeria. Meigen, System. Beschr. VII, 249; 1838. lateralis Macquart, Dipt. Exot. 8e Suppl. 48, 2; Tab. V, f. 6. — North America. Clytia. R. Desvoidy, Myod. 287; 1830. atra R. Desvoidy, Myod. 288, 2. — Carolina. Scopolia. R_ Desvoidy, Myod. 268; 1830. lateralis Macquart, Dipt. Exot. II, 3, 71; Tab. VIII, f. 3. — North America. nigra Bigot, in R. de la Sagra etc. 814; Tab. XX, f. 8. — Cuba. Euthera. Loew, Centur. VII, 85; 1866. *tentatrix Loew, Centur. VII, 85. — New York, Texas. Ptilocera. Macquart, Hist. Nat. Dipt. II, 169; 1835. americana Macquart, Hist. Nat. Dipt. II, 173. — Philadelphia. DEXIDAE. aS Observation. This genus, now abandoned, seems to have prin- cipally jcontained Tachinina, approaching the Deaina in their appearance. Schiner places the european species under the head of Phyto Rob. Desvoidy. FAMILY DEXIDAE, Prosena. ‘St. Fargeau et Serville, Encycl. Méthod. X, 500; 1825, *mexicana Macquart, Dipt. Exot. 4e Suppl. 231; Tab. XXI, f. 12, — Mexico. Dexia. Meigen, System. Beschr. V, 33; 1826. abdominalis R. Desvoidy, Myod. 306, 2 (dstheria). — Nova Scotia. Abzoe Walker, List, etc. 1V, 846. — Georgia. albifrons Walker, Dipt. Saund., 317. — United States. analis Say, J. Acad. Phil. VI, 177, 2; Compl. Wr. II, 366. — Indiana. analis R. Desvoidy, Myod. 315, 3 (Zelia). — Carolina. apicalis R. Desvoidy, Myod. 316, 4 (Zelia). — Carolina. canescens Walker, Dipt. Saund., 510. — United States, cerata Walker, List, etc. IV, 847. — North America. Cremides Walker, List, etc. IV, 842. — North America. dives Wiedemann, Auss. Zw. II, 377, 15. — Kentucky. Halone Walker, List, etc. IV, 837. — Georgia. Harpasa Walker, List, etc. IV, 840. — North America. melanocera R. Desvoidy, Myod. 312, 2. — Carolina. Ogoa Walker, List, etc. LV, 841. — Nova Scotia. pedestris Walker, Dipt. Saund., 3138. — United States. postica Walker, List, etc. IV, 310. — Georgia. punctata R. Desvoidy, Myod. 308, 3 (Dinera). — Philadelphia, Prexaspes Walker, List, etc. IV, 837 (Estheria). Georgia. Pristis Walker, List, etc. iV, 841. — Massachusetts. rostrata R. Desvoidy, Myod. 315, 1 (Zelia). — North America. rufipennis Macquart, Dipt. Exot. Il, 3, 87, 3; Tab. X, f. 3. — Nova Scotia. tibialis R. Desvoidy, Myod. 306, 1 (Zstheria). — Nova Scotia. triangularis v. d. Wulp, Tijdschr. vy. Ent. 24 Ser. Il, 149; Tab. V, f. 1 5. — Wisconsin. velox R. Desvoidy, Myod. 316, 5 (Zelia). — Carolina. *vyertebrata Say, J. Acad. Phil. VI, 176, 1; Compl. Wr. II, 366. — Indiana. fuscanipennis Macquart, Dipt. Exot. ler Suppl. 188, 7; Tab. XX, f. 11. — Yucatan. perfecta Walker, Trans. Ent. Soc. N. S. V, 307. — Mexico. plumosa Wiedemann, Auss. Zw. II, 370; Bigot, in R. de la Sagra etc. 815. — Brazil (Wied.); Cuba (Bigot). 156 DEXIDAE. rubriventris 'Macquart, Dipt. Exot. ler Suppl. 188, 6; Tab XX, f. 10. — Yucatan. strenua R. Desyoidy, Myod. 315, 2 (Zelia). — San Domingo. Thomae Wiedemann, Auss. Zw. Il, 379. — St. Thomas (Wied.); Jamaica (Walker, List, IV, 840). Sericocera. Macquart, Hist. Nat. Dipt. II, 165; 1885. pictipennis Macquart, Dipt. Exct. Il, 3, 67, 1; Tab. VII, f. 5. — Philadelphia. Observation. This genus of Macquart’s seems to have con- tained a mixture of heterogeneous forms, which Schiner distributed among the genera Olivieria, Peteina (Section Tachinina) and Mintho, Thelaira and Melania (Section Dexina). S. pictipennis Macquart, judging from the figure, belongs to the Dexidae. Melanophora. Meigen, in Illiger’s Magaz. II; 1803. ?diabroticae Shimer, Amer. Naturalist, V, 219; f. 60 (the author calls it Melanosphora, perhaps Melanophora?). — Illinois ‘para- sitic on Diabrotica vittata). distineta R. Desvoidy, Myod. 273 (Linnemyia). — Europe; Philadelphia. nigripes R. Desvoidy, Myod. 58 (Marshamia). — North America. *roralis Linné etc.; Meigen, System. Beschr. IV, 284. — Europe and North America (see Loew, Sillim. Journ. Vol. XXXVII, p. 318). Tiligeria. R. Desvoidy, Myod. 273; 1830. Aelops Walker, List, etc. IV, 796. — Georgia. Corythus Walker, List, etc. IV, 797. — Georgia. Helymus Walker, List, etc. IV, 795. — Maine. Observation. Judging from the descriptions, the insects, which Mr. Walker places in this genus, have very little in common, and belong to different genera. Theresia. ; R. Desvoidy, Myod 3825; 1830, tandree R. Desvoidy, Myod. 826. — Carolina. Microphthalma. Macquart, Dipt. Exot. II, 3, 84; 1843. nigra Macquart, Dipt. Exot. II, 3, 85, 1; Tab. X, f. 2. — North America. Mesgaprosopus. Macquart, Dipt. Exot. I, 3, 83; 1843. rufiventris Macquart, Dipt Exot. II, 3, 84,1; Tab. X, f. 1. — Mexico. SARCOPHAGIDAE. 1 FAMILY SARCOPHAGIDAE. Sarcophaga. Meigen, System. Beschr. V, 14; 1826. (°*%). acerba Walker, List, etc. IV, 824. — Nova Scotia. aegra Walker, List, etc. IV, 821. — Massachusetts. Anaces Walker, List, ete. IV, 833. — North America, anxia Walker, List, ete. IV, 818. — North America. argyrocephala Macquart, Dipt. Exot. ler Suppl. 192, 25. — Galveston, Texas. aspera Walker, List, etc. IV, 825. — North America (?). assidua Walker, Dipt. Saund., 322. — United States. aterrima R. Desvoidy, Myod, 336, 8 (Peckia). — Carolina. ayida Walker, List, etc. 1V, 822. — Nova Scotia. basalis Walker, Dipt. Saund., 323. — United States. comes Walker, Dipt. Saund., 323. — United States. consobrina R. Desvoidy, Myod. 344, 24 (Myophora). — Philadelphia. derelicta Walker, Dipt. Saund., 322. — United States. fulvipes Walker, Dipt. Saund., 328. — United States. Georgina Wiedemann, Auss. Zw. II, 357, 4; Harris, Ins. Injur. to Veget. 34 edit. 613. — Georgia (Wied.); British Possess. (Walker, List, etc. IV, 829); Massachusetts (Harris, Catal.). importuna Walker, List, etc. 1V, 819. — North America (?). Vherminieri R. Desvoidy, Myod. 339, 5 (Myophora). — Carolina. lanipes R. Desvoidy, Myod. 336, 5. — Carolina. pallipes Walker, Dipt. Sannd., 329. — United States. querula Walker, List, etc. IV, 821. — North America (?). rabida Walker, List, etc. IV, 825. — Nova Scotia. rapax Walker, |. c. IV, 818. — North America (?). rediviva Walker, 1. c. IV, 823. — Huds. b. Terr. *sarraceniae Riley, Trans. St. Louis Acad. of N. Soc. II, 239. — Missouri. stimulans Walker, List, etc. IV, 817. — North America. vigil Walker, List, etc. IV, 831. - Nova Scotia. viridescens R. Desvoidy, Myod. 342, 18 (Myophora). — Nova Scotia. pallinervis Thomson, Eugen. Resa, etc. 535. — California, Honoluiu. * chrysostoma Wiedemann, Auss. Zw. I, 356, 2 (compare also Schiner, Novara 313). — West Indies, Brazil. conclausa Walker, Trans. Ent. Soc. N. 8. V, 309. — Mexico. cubensis R. Desvoidy, Myod. 342, 4 (Myophora). — Cuba. cubensis Macquart, Dipt. Exot. Il, 2, 106, 20; Tab. XII, f. 6; Bigot, in R. de la Sagra etc. 819. — Cuba. despensa Walker, Trans. Ent Soc. N. Ser. V, 309. — Mexico. effrenata Walker, Trans. Ent. Soc. N. Ser. V, 309. — Mexico. fervida R. Desvoidy, Myod. 441, 10 (Myophora). — San Domingo. 158 SARCOPHAGIDAR. fortipes Walker, Trans. Ent. Soc. N. Ser. V, 310. — Haity. fulvipes Macquart, Dipt. Exot. II, 3, 105, 19; Tab. XII, f. 5. — Cuba. immanis Walker, List, etc. IV, 815. — Honduras. innota Walker, Trans. Ent. Soc. N. 8. V, 308. — Mexico. intermutans Walker, Trans. Ent. Soc. N. Ser. V, 308. — Mexico. incerta Bigot, in R. de la Sagra, etc. 818. — Cuba. incerta Walker, Dipt. Saund., 524. — Jamaica. lambens Wiedemann, Auss. Zw. 1], 365, 23. — West Indies; Brazil. muscoides Bigot, R. de la Sagra, etc. 816. — Cuba. obsoleta Wiedemann, Auss. Zw. II, 867, 29. — West Indies. occidua Fabricius, Ent. System. IV, 315, 12 (Musca); System. Antl. 288, 19; Wiedemann, Auss. Zw. II, 368, 31. — West Indies. pusilla Bigot, R. de la Sagra, ete. 817. — Cuba. perneta Walker, Trans. Ert Soc. N. Ser. V, 308. — Mexico. plinthopyga Wiedemann, Auss. Zw. II, 360, 10; Walker, Lin. Trans. XVII, 352, 57. — St. Thomas (Wied.); Brazil (Walker, Lin. Trans.), Jamaica, Demerara, Nova Scotia (Walker, List, etc. 1V, $20). plumipes R. Desvoidy, Myod. 336, 4 (Peckia). — San Domingo. rubella Wiedemann, Auss. Zw. II, 357; 5 — Antigoa. trigonomaculata Macquart, Dipt. Exot. II, 3, 106, 21; Tab. XIII, f. 2. — Mexico. trivittata Macquart, Dipt. Exot. II, 3, 105, 18; Tab. XII, f. 3; Bigot. in R. de la Sagra ete. 816. — Cuba, Mexico Observation. SS. nudipennis Loew in litt. is mentioned in Packard’s Guide, etc. 408, as being bred from the nests of Pelopaeus flavipes. It has never been described and is therefore omitted. Sarcephaga carnavia Linné, quoted in Harris’s Catal. Ins. Mass., in Riley’s Seventh Report, 180, and in other writings, is omitted here for the reason stated in the note (**°). Macquart,’ Dipt. Exot. I, 8, 95, asserts that he had Sarcophaga carnaria from Hayti; this requires confirmation. About a Sarcophaga attacking grasshoppers in Iowa. see Report of the Departt. of Agriculture, Washington 1867, page 36. Phrissopoda. Phrissopodia Macquart, Hist. Nat. Dipt. I, 222; 1835. Phrissopoda Macquart, Dipt. Exot. II, 3, 96. praeceps Wiedemann, Auss. Zw. I, 855 (Sarcophaga; referred to the present genus by Macquart, Dipt Exot. Il, 3, 96). — Cuba. Peckia imperialis R. Desvoidy, Myod. 335; Macquart, Hist. Nat. Dipt. 1, 223; Tab. XVI, f. 1 (Phrissopodia). — Cuba; also Port Jackson, Australia, according to Macquart, Dipt. Exot. II, 3, 96. [Synonymy by Macquart, with a doubt.] Cynomyia. R. Desvoidy, Myod., 363; 1850, Schiner, Fauna Austr. I, 574. alpina Zetterstedt, Insecta Lapponica 651, 7; Dipt. Scand. IV, 1304; Gerstaecker, Die 2'» deutsche Nordpolfahrt etc. Lapland; Kast Greenl. MUSCIDAE., 1 59 eadaverina R. Desvoidy, Myod. 365, 3. — Carolina. flavipalpis Macquart, Dipt. Exot. 4e Suppl. 236, 3. — Newfoundland. mortuorum Linné, Meigen, ete. (Sarcophaga); — O. Fabricius, Fauna Groenl. 206, 166 (Musca); Staeger, Groenl. Antl., 365, 32; Holmgren, Ins. Nordgroenl. 101. — Greenland. FAMILY MUSCIDAE. Stomoxys. Geoffroy, Hist. des Ins. I; 1764. *ealcitrans Linné, Meigen, etc.; Harris, Ins. of N. Engl. 34 edit. 614, f. 270. — Europe and North America comp. Loew, Sillim. J. 1. ¢.). Cybira Walker, List, etc. IV, 1159 (Addenda). — Nova Scotia. dira R. Desvoidy, Myod. 387, 8. — North America. inimica R. Desvoidy, Myod, 387, 6. — North America. parasita Fabricius, Ent. System. 1V, 394, 3; System. Antl. 280, 3; Wiedemann, Auss. Zw. JI, 252, 11 (merely a translation from Fabricius). — North America. ? oceidentis Walker, Dipt. Saund., 332 (Musca). — United States. idia. Meigen, System. Beschr. V, 9, 102; 1826. (27%). viridis Wiedemann, Analecta etc. 50; Auss. Zw. II, 354, 11. — North America. Mesembrina. Meigen, System. Beschr. V, 10, 103; 1826. Latreillii R. Desvoidy, Myod. 401, 2. — Nova Scotia. pallida Say, J. Acad. Phil. VI, 175; Compl. Wr. IJ, 366. — Indiana. *resplendens Wahlberg, K. vet. Ak. Férh. 1844, 66. — Europe (Lap- land) and North America (comp. Loew, Sillim. J. 1. ¢.). anomala Jaennicke, Neue Exot. Dipt., 69; Tab. H, f. 4. — Cuba. Calliphora. R. Desvoidy, Myod. 433; 1830. aurulans R. Desvoidy, Myod. 437, 11. — Carolina; Nova Scotia. compressa R. Desvoidy, Myod. 438, 16. — Carolina (Desy.); Huds. B. Terr. (Walker, I.ist, ete. IV, 893°. *erythrocephala Meigen, System. Beschr. V, 62; Schiner, Fauna Austr, I, 584. — Europe and North America (comp. Staeger, Groenl. Antl... Volucella vomitoria Fabricius, Fauna Groenl. 207, 167 (?) [Schiddte]. groenlandica Zetterstedt, Ins. Lapp. 657, 16; Dipt. Scand. IV, 1330 (Musca); Staeger, Groenl. Antl. 863; Gerstaecker, 2te deutsche Nordpolfahrt etc.; Holmgren, Ins. Nordgroenl. 101. — Northern Europe and Greenland. 160 MUSCIDAE. Volucella caesar O. Fabricius, Fauna Groenl. 207, 168 [Schiédte]. Tlerda Walker, List, etc. IV, 908 (Melinda). — Huds. B. Terr. Lilaea Walker, List, etc. IV, 894. — Huds. B. Terr. mortisequa Kirby, N. Amer. Zool. Ins. 317. — Arctic America (iat G5) (226): myoidea R. Desvoidy, Myod. 436, 8. — Philadelphia. obscoena Eschscholz, Entomographieen J, 113, 84 (Musca) ; Wiedemann, Auss. Zw. II, 392 (@d.). — Island Unalaska. (275). splendida Macquart, Dipt. Exot. ler Suppl. 196, 17. — Texas. terrae novae Macquart, Dipt. Exot. 4e Suppl. 244, 29. — New- foundland. viridescens R. Desvoidy, Myod. 437, 12. — Carolina; Florida (Walker, List, etc. IV, 895). *vomitoria Linné, Fabricius, Meigen etc. (Musca). — Europe and North America (also in Guyana; Macquart, Dipt. Exot. I, 3, 127). Calliphora vicina R. Desvoidy, Myod. 4385, 5. — Philadelphia (is either vomitoria or erythrocephala). femorata Walker, Trans. Ent. Soc. N. Ser. V, 310. — Mexico. (?) rutilans Fabricius, Spec. Ins. II, 486, 6 (Musca); Ent. System. IV, 314, 7 (id); System. Antl. 287, 13 (d.); Wiedemann, Auss. Zw. II, 392, 14 (id.). — South America (Wied.); Fabricius has: yin Americae insulis“. socors Walker, Trans. Ent. Soc. N. Ser. V, 31]. — Mexico. stygia Fabricius, Spec. Ins. II, 438 (Musca); Ent. System. IV, 317, 22 (id.); System. Antl. 290, 31 (id.); Olivier, Encycl. Méth. VIII, 14 (id); Wiedemann, Auss. Zw. II, 398, 15 (éd). — New- foundland (Fabr., Wied.). (27°). Pollenia. R. Desvoidy, Myod. 412; 1880. *rudis Fabricius (Musca) ; Meigen, System. Beschr. V, 66 (id.). — Europe and North America (see Loew, Sillim. J. 1. c.). Musca familiaris Harris, Ent. correspondence 836. — New England. vespillo Fabricius, Meigen, etc. (JZwsca). — Europe and Nova Scotia (Walker, List, etc. IV, 907). Graphomyia. R. Desvoidy, Myod. 408; 1880. americana R. Desvoidy, Myod. 404. — North America (Schiner, Novara 304, described another Gr. americana, from S. America). ?contigua Walker, Dipt. Saund., 449 (Musca). — United States. Idessa Walker, List, etc. IV, 908. — Huds. B. Terr. serva Walker, Dipt. Saund., 349 (Musca). — United States. Lucilia. R. Desvoidy, Myod. 452; 1830. brunnicosa R. Desvoidy, Myod. 459. — North America. MUSCIDAE. 161 eaesar Linné, Fabricius, Meigen, ete. (Musca). — Europe and North America; Massachusetts and Huds. B. Terr. Walker, List, ete. IV, 879; Philadelphia, R. Desvoidy, Myod. 452. eaeruleiviridis Macquart, Dipt. Exot. 5e Suppl. 118, 62. — Baltimore. carolinensis R. Desvoidy, Myod. 457. — Carolina. compar R. Desvoidy, Myod. 457. — Philadelphia. consobrina Macquart, Dipt. Exot. 8e Suppl. 57, 42 (,,var. L. fraternae“ ? Macq). — North America. cornicina Fabricius, M+igen, System. Beschr. V, 57 (MZ. caesarion). — Europe and North America (according to v. d. Wulp, Tijdschr. etc. 24 Ser. IV, 80). fraterna Macquart, Dipt. Exot. 8e Suppl. 57, 41. — North America. fulvifacies R. Desvoidy, Myod. 467 (Phormia); Dipt. des envir. de Paris II, 848 (d.). — Paris, France; Philadelphia. — Heraea Walker, List, etc. 1V, 881. — North America. lepida Desvoidy, Myod. 453. — France, Philadelphia, Nova Scotia. *macellaria Fabricius, System. Ent. 776, 14 (Musca); Ent. System. IV, 319, 28 (d.); System. Antl. 292, 42 (d.); Olivier, Encycl. Méth, VIII, 14, 14 (id.); Wiedemann, Auss. Zw. I, 405, 36 (id.); Macquart, Dipt. Exot. II, 3, 147, 28; Tab. XVII, f. 9; Bigot in R. de la Sagra etc. 820 — Brazil, Cuba, United States. LIncilia hominivorax Coquerel, Ann. Soc. Ent. 1858, 173; Tab. IV, f. 2. mollis Walker, List, etc. IV, 892 (Phormia). — Huds. B, Terr. muralis Walker, List, etc. 1V, 888. — Huds. B. Terr. nigrina Bigot, Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr. 1877, 247. — Illinois. ’ philadelphica R. Desvoidy, Myod. 466 (Phormia). — Philadelphia. regina Meigen, System. Beschr. V, 58 (Musca). — Europe and North America (according to Harris, Cat. Ins. Mass.). rufipalpis Jaennicke, Neue Exot. Dipt. 67. — Illinois. Sayi Jaennicke, Neue Exot. Dipt. 67. — Illinois. terrae noyae Macquart, Dipt. Exot. 4e Suppl. 251, 57; Tab. XXII, f. 1. — Newfoundland. terrae noyae R. Desvoidy, Myod. 467 (Phormia). — Newfoundland. ?proxima Walker, Dipt. Saund. 341 (Musca). — California. stigmaticalis Thomson, Eugen. Resa, 544. — California. argentifera Bigot, Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr. 1877, 251. — Mexico. brunnicornis Macquart, Dipt. Exot. Il, 3, 142, 15. — Mexico. Cluvia Walker, List, etc. IV, 885. — West Indies. callipes Bigot, Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr. 1877, 249. — Mexico. flavigena Bigot, Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr. 1877, 249. — Mexico. fulvinota Bigot, Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr. 1877, 251. — Mexico. insularis Walker, Dipt. Saund. 340 (Musca). — West Indies. meridensis Macquart, Dipt. Exot. ler Suppl. 199, 35. — Yucatan. mexicana Macquart, Dipt. Exot. II, 3, 143, 17; Tab. XVIJJ, f, 7. — Mexico. mutabilis Bigot, Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr. 1877, 248. — Mexico. 14 162 MUSCIDAE, nigriceps Macquart, Dipt. Exot. II, 3, 148, 16. — Mexico. pallidibasis bigot, Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr. 1877, 247. — Mexico. picicrus Thomson, Eugen. Resa, 543. — Panama. pueblensis Bigot, Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr. 1877, 250. — Mexico. -putrida Fabricius, Ent. System. IV, 316, 16 (Musca); System. Antl. 288, 24 (id.); Wiedemann, Auss. Zw. II, 404, 35 (éd.). — South America (Wied.); Cuba (Jaennicke, Neue Exot. Dipt. 4). ruficornis Macquart, Dipt. Exot. ler Suppl. 198; compare _ also Schiner, Novara, 304. — Columbia, 8S. Amer. (Macq.); Cuba (Bigot, in R. de la Sagra 821); Chile (Schiner). surrepens Walker, Trans. Ent. Soc. N. Ser. V, 312. — Mexico. violacea Macquart, Dipt. Exot. 2e Suppl. 83, 34. — Mexico. Chrysomyia. R. Desvoidy, Myod. 444; 1830. caerulescens R. Desyoidy, Myod. 447, 8. — Carolina. certima Walker, List, etc. IV. 873. — Florida. L’herminieri R. Desvoidy, Myod. 446, 6. — Carolina. hyacinthina R. Desvoidy, Myod. 450, 16; Macquart, Dipt. Exot. II, 3, 148, 29 (Lueilia). — South America (R. Desy.); North America (Macq.). turbida Walker, Dipt. Saund., 336 (Musca). — United States. aztequina Bigot, Ann Soc. Ent. Fr. 1877, 252. — Mexico. decora R. Desvoidy, Myod. 448, 10. — West Indies. Plaei R. Desvoidy, Myod. 448, 11. — West Indies. tibialis R. Desvoidy, Myod. 446, 5. — San Domingo. Somomyia. Rondani, Atti del Accad. delle Sci. di Bologna, 1861; Prodromus, IV, 9. Sylphida Bigot, Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr. 1877, 45, 17. — New Orleans. semiviolacea Bigot, l. c. 46, 18. — Porto Rico. soulouquina Bigot, 1. c. 47, 20. — Hayti. Pyrellia. R. Desvoidy, Myod. 462; 1830. cadaverina Linné, Meigen, System. Beschr. V, 59, 19 (Musca). — Europe and North America (Fitch, Survey etc. 801). cadayerum Kirby, Fauna Bor. Amer Ins. 316, 1 (,,very near to Musca cadaverina“, says Kirby). — Arctic America, lat. 65. occidentis Walker, Dipt. Saund., 347 (Musca). — United States. NB. On page 332 of the same volume, Walker described another Musca occidentis (see Stomoxys). *setosa Loew, Centur. VIII, 63. — Illinois frontalis Thomson, Eugen. Resa, ete. 545. — California. basalis Walker, Dipt. Saund., 347. — West Indies. MUSCIDAE. 163 centralis Loew, Centur. VIII, 62. — Cuba. ochricornis Wiedemann, Auss. Zw. II, 408, 41 (Musca); Macquart, Dipt. Exot. II, 3, 149, 3; Tab. XX, f. 5; Bigot, in R. de la Sagra etc. 821. — Brazil (Wied.); Cuba (Macq.; Bigot). seordalus Walker, Trans. Ent. Soc. N. Ser. V, 313. — Mexico. specialis Walker, Trans. Ent. Soc. N. Ser. V, 312. — Mexico. suspicax Walker, l. c. — Mexico. Ormia. R. Desvoidy, Myod. 428; 1830; Ochromyia, Macquart, Hist. Nat. Dipt. II, 250; Dipt. Exot. II, 3, 182. punctata R. Desvoidy, Myod. 428, 1; Macquart, Hist. Nat. Dipt. II, 250, 3 (Ochromyia). — West Indies (R. Desy.); Jamaica (Walker, List, etc. IV, 868). Musca. Linné, Fauna Suecica; 1763. corvina Fabricius, Meigen, System. Beschr. V, 69, 32. — Europe and North America (Nova Scotia, Walker, List, etc. IV, 900). Occurs also in the East Indies, Manilla, Taiti, etc. (see Schiner, Novara 307). *domestica Linné, etc. — Europe and North America (the common house-fly; see Loew, in Sillim. Journ. 1. ¢.; about the occurrence in Cuba, see Bigot in R. de la Sagra, 822). Musca harpyia Harris, Ent. Correspondence 335. basilaris Macquart, Dipt. Exot. II, 3, 153, 8. — Brazil (Macq.); Jamaica (Walker, List, etc. IV, 901). pusilla Macquart, Dipt. Exot. 3¢ Suppl. 59, 16; Tab. VI, f. 13. — Hayti. sensifera Walker, Trans Ent. Soc. V, 314. — Mexico. NB. Musca cloacaris 0. Fabricius, Fauna Groenl. 204, 163, may be Scatophaga litorea Fall., according to Schiddte, Berl. Ent. Zeitschr. 1859, 153. Musca vivaz O. Fabricius, 1. c. 206, 165 (I do not know.) Cyrtoneura. Curtonewra Macquart, Hist. Nat. Dipt. Il, 274; 18385; amended by later authors. *micans Macquart, Dipt. Exot 5¢ Suppl. 116, 10. — Baltimore. *stabulans Fallen, Meigen, System. Beschr. V, 75, etc. (Musca). — Europe and North America (see Loew, in Sillim. Journ. 1. ¢.). Occurs also in New Zealand (Schiner, Novara, 304), quadrisetosa Thomson, Eugen. Resa. 549. — California. recurva Thomson, Eugen. Resa, 548. — California. 164 ANTHOMYIDAE. mexicana Macquart, Dipt. Exot, II, 3, 158, 4; Tab. XXI, f. 9. — Mexico. Myospila. Rondani, Prodrom. Dipt. Ital. I, 91, 9; 1856. Schiner, Fauna Austr. Dipt. I, 598. *meditabunda Fabricius; Panzer; Meigen, System. Beschr. V, 79 (Musca). — Europe and North America (see Loew, Sillim. Journ. l. c.; compare however the observation at the end of the genus Spilogaster). FAMILY ANTHOMYIDAE.(@”) Avicia. R. Desvoidy, Myod. 486; 1880. bispinosa Zetterstedt, Dipt. Scand. IV, 1428; Holmgren, Ins. Nord- groenl. 101. — Northern Sweden; Greenland. cinerella v. d. Wulp, Tijdschr v. Ent. 2¢ Ser. I, 150. — Wisconsin. deflorata Holmgren, Ins. Nordgroenl. 102. — Greenland. denudata Holmgren, Ins. Spetsb. 30; Ins. Nordgroenl. 101. — Spitz- bergen and Greenland. dorsata Zetterstedt, Dipt. Scand. IV, 1472, 82; Holmgren, Ins. Spetsb. 29; Ins. Nordgroenl. 101. — Lapland; Spitzbergen, Greenland. frenata Holmgren, Ins. Nordgroenl. 103. — Greenland. Fabricii Holmgren, Ins. Nordgroenl. 101. — Greenland. icterica Holmgren, Ins. Nordgroenl. 102. — Greenland. incerta Walker, Dipt. Saund., 354. — United States. moesta Holmgren, Ins. Nordgroenl. 102. — Greenland morioides Zetterstedt (perhaps morio Zett.? I do not find an A. morioides Zett.). — Europe and North America (see Loew, Sillim. Journ. 1. "c;); pauxilla Holmgren, Ins. Spetsb. 32; Ins. Nordgroenl. 101. — Spitz- bergen, Greenland. proxima y. d. Wulp, Tijdschr. v. Ent. 2¢ Ser. IV, 85. — Wisconsin. pruinosa Macquart, Dipt. Exot. ler Suppl. 201, 4 — Galveston, Texas. ranunculi Holmgren, Ins. Spetsb. 34; Ins. Nordgroenl. 101. — Spitz- bergen, Greenland. solita Walker, Dipt. Saund., 354. — United States. tarsalis Walker, Dipt. Saund, 355. — United States. tristicula Holmgren, Ins. Nordgroenl. 102. — Greenland. circulatrix Walker, Trans. Ent. Soc. N. Ser. V, 316. — Mexico. procedens Walker, Trans. Ent. Soc. N. Ser. V, 315. — Mexico. rescita Walker, Trans. Ent. Soc. N. Ser. V, 315. — Mexico. Observation. R. H. Meade Esq, in Bradford, England, having published a most interesting article: Notes on the An- ANTHOMYIDAE. 165 thomyidae of North America (Ent. Monthly Magazine, April 1878, p. 250—252), I have reproduced his conclusions below, at the end of each corresponding genus; compare also the note 2*7 for the general conclusions. About Aricia he writes: The genus Polietes (Rond.) of which the well-known (european) M. lardaria F. is the principal species, is not represented in the (North American) collection. yln the genus Hyetodesia (Aricia pt. Macq.). I determined seven distinct (North American) species, several of which closely resemble european, as Musca lucorwm Fall., A. lugubris Meig., and A. obscwrata Meig., but none of them, I think, are quite identical.“ yin the genus Mydaea (Aricia pt. Macq.). I found ten species, only one of which was similar to any in Europe, viz. the common M. pagana F., which has a yellow scutellum.“ Spilogaster. Macquart, Hist. Nat. Dipt. II, 293; 1835. *angelicae Meigen, System. Beschr. V, 117, 59 (Musca). — Europe and North America (see Loew, Sillim. Journ. 1. c. Hylemyia angelicae). *urbana Meigen, System. Beschr. V, 118, 60 (Musca). — Europe and North America (see Loew, Sillim. Journ. 1. c. Hylemyia urban ; Lake Winnipeg; Connecticut. terminalis Walker, Dipt. Saund., 356. — United States. Observation. Mr. Meade says (I. ¢.): yin Spilogaster there where eleven (North American) species, one or two of which closely resembled european species, but were, however, distinct. One fly in this genus possessed several inter- esting characters, which deserve especial notice. There was only one male in the collection and it bore a remarkable resemblance to Cyrtoneura (Myospila) meditabunda F. The fifth longitudinal vein was curved in a similar manner towards the fourth vein, though in a less degree; the spots upon the abdomen and the general color, size and appearance, were also very like those of that fly; but it differed in having the eyes naked and the arista furnished with much shorter hairs.“ Hydrophoria. Rob. Desvoidy, Myod., 503; 1830. »lhe genus was represented by three (N. A) species, all of small size, one of which was similar to Musca ambigua Fallen.“ (Rk. H. Meade, 1. c. p. 251.) Wydrotaea. R. Desvoidy, Myod. 509; 1830. *armipes Fallen, Dipt. Suec. Muse. 75, 86; Zetterstedt, Dipt. Scand. IV, 1434, 44. — Europe and North America (see Loew, Sillim. Journ. |, c. and Meade, Ent. Monthly Mag. April 1878). 166 ANTHOMYIDAE. *dentipes Meigen, System. Beschr. V. 144, 105; Staeger, Groenl. Antl. 063, 35. — Europe and North America (see Loew, Sillim. Journ. 1. c. and Meade, Ent. Monthly Mag. April 1878). ciliata Fabricias; Meigen, System. Beschr. V, 159 (Musca spinipes Fallen); Staeger, Groenl. Antl. — Europe and Greenland. irritans Fallen, Dipt. Suec. Muse. 62, 58; Zetterstedt, Dipt. Scand. IV, 1431, 10; Staeger, Groenl. Antl. 363, 35. — Europe and Greenland. Observation. ,I found only two species belonging to the genus Hydrotaea, both of which seemed identical with the com- mon european M. dentipes F. et M. armipes Fall.“ (Meade, 1. c.) Lasiops. Meigen, System. Beschr. VII, 323; 1838. »lhe genus Lasiops contained two (N. A.) species, one closely resembling L. cunctans Meig.“ (R. H. Meade, 1. c. p. 251.) Ophyra. R. Desvoidy, Myod. 516; 1830. Schiner, Fauna Austr. I, 619. aenescens Wiedemann, Auss. Zw. II, 435, 29 (Anthomyia); Macquart, Dipt. Exot. ler Suppl. 203, 4. — New Orleans (Wied.); Texas (Macq.). *leucostoma Wiedemann, Zool. Mag. I, 82 (Anthomyia) ; Meigen, System. Beschr. V, 160 (d.). — Europe and North America (Loew, in Sillim. Journ. 1. c. and Meade, in Ent. M. Mag. April 1878, p. 251); Atlantic States, common. Drymeia. Meigen, System. Beschr. V, 204; 1826. yin the genus Drymeia, I found, as in Europe, one well marked species only, which exhibited all the peculiar characters seen in the I. hamata of Fallén, but was quite distinct from that com- mon fly.“ (R. H. Meade 1. ¢.). Limnophora. R. Desvoidy, Myod. 517; 1830. contractifrons Zetterstedt, Ins. Lapp. 683, 97 (Anthomyza); Dipt. Seand. IV, 1463 (Aricia). Anthomyza arctica Zetterstedt, Ins. Lapp. 669, 34 (Varietas) ; Staeger, Groenl. Antl. — North of Europe and Greenland. *diaphana Wiedemann, Zool. Mag. I, 81, 31 (Anthomyia); Meigen, System. Beschr. V, 189,185 (id.). — Europe and North America (see Loew, Sillim. Journ. 1. ¢.). *stygia Meigen, System. Beschr. V, 155, 127 (Anthomyia). — Europe and North America (see Loew, Sillim. Journ. 1. ¢. Anthom. stygia); Sitka. ANTHOMYIDAE. 167 triangulifera Zetterstedt, Ins. Lapp. 680, 83 (Anthomyza); Staeger, Groen]. Antl. 364, 40. — Europe and Greenland. trigonifera Zetterstedt, Ins. Lapp. 669, 33 (Anthomyza) ; Dipt. Scand. IV, 1466 (Aricia); Staeger, Groenl. Antl. 364, 38. — Europe and Greenland. Observation. ,The genus Limnophora contained eight (N. A.) species, two or three of which closely resembled european ones; but none of them appeared quite identical. In the european species of this family, of which the A. compuncta Wied. is the type, the eyes of the males are sometimes separated by a rather wider space than is usual among the Anthomyidae, except in Coenosia, Lispa ete., and this character was marked in an exaggerated degree in all the american species, so that it was difficult to determine by the eyes alone, whether they should be placed in the genus Limnophora or Coenosia.* R. H. Meade, 1. ¢ Eriphia. Meigen, System. Beschr. V, 206; 1838. ?Acela Walker, List, etc. IV, 962. Arelate Walker, List, etc. IV, 961. biquadrata Walker, 1. c. 963. ciliata Walker, 1. c. 961. flavifrons Walker, 1. c. 966. risea Walker, 1. c. 962. Huds. B. Terr. Lamnia Walker, 1. c. 964. lata Walker, 1 c. 963. marginata Walker, 1. c. 964. pretiosa Walker, 1. ¢. 965. Hiylemyia. Rob. Desvoidy, Myod. 550; 1830. *deceptiva Fitch, Reports, Vol. I, 301; Tab. I, f. 3. — New York. frontata Zetterstedt, Ins. Lapp. 669, 35; Dipt. Scand. IV, 1453, 64; Staeger, Groenl. Antl. 363, 37. — Europe (Lapland) and Greenland. *pici Macquart, Ann. Soc. Ent. 1853, 657; Tab. XX, Nr. 2 (Aricia). — San Domingo; The larva lives in a swelling on the wing of Picus striatus. Hylemyia angustifrons Loew, Wien. Ent. Monatschr. V, 41. — Cuba [Loew in litt.]. . probata Walker, Trans. Ent. Soc. N. Ser. V, 318. — Mexico. Anthomyia. (*) Meigen, in Illiger’s Magaz. II; 1803. brassicae (Bouché?), A. Fitch, Report XI, 40. — Europe and North America (injurious to cabbage). (*7*). *) I have prefixed a? before those species which are Anthomyiae in the wider sense- only, not in that of Schiner. 168 ANTHOMYIDAE, campestris R. Desvoidy, Myod. 585 (£gle). — Europe and North America (Philadelphia). ceparum (Meigen, Bouché) A. Fitch, Report. XI, 31; Walsh, Amer. Ent. E110, flea): ? communis Walker, Dipt. Saund., 366. — United States. Dejeanii R. Desvoidy, Myod. 558, 4 (Nerina). — Philadelphia. ? dubia Curtis, Ins. Ross’s Exp. LXXIX. — Arctic America. ?raphani Harris, Ins. of New Engl. 34 edit. 617; Fitch, Report XI, 59 (injurious to radish plants). — New England; New York. ruficeps Meigen, System. Beschr. V, 177, 162; Staeger, 366, 43. — Europe and Greenland. ? similis Fitch, Reports I, 301. — New York. scatophagina Zetterstedt, Ins. Lapp. 677, 69 (Anthomyza) ; Dipt. Scand. IV, 1510, 120 (Aricia); Staeger, Groenl. Antl. — North of Europe and Greenland. striolata Fallen; Meigen, System. Beschr. V, 173, 156; Zetterstedt, Ins. Lapp. 684, 103; Staeger, Groenl. Antl., 365, 42. — Europe and Greenland. *tarsata v. d. Wulp, Tijdschr. v. Ent. 24 Ser. II, 151; Tab. V, £6. — Wisconsin. ?Zeas Riley, 1st Report 154; Tab. Il, f. 24 (injurious to indian corn). — Missouri. ? leucoprocta Wiedemann, Auss. Zw. II, 483. — West Indies. ? protrita Walker, Trans. Ent. Soc. N. Ser. V, 317. — Mexico. micropteryx Thomson, Eugen. Resa 555. — California. ochripes Thomson, 1 c. 553. — California. ochrogaster Thomson, |. c. 557. — California. Species described in Mr. Walker’s List etc. IV. They are left in the subdivisions adopted by him. A. Feeler-bristle feathered or hairy, Meigen. Dipt. V, Tab. 44, 1 i ye a. Legs black. * Kyes hairy. Rugia Walker, 1. c. 923. — Huds. B. Ters. ** Kyes non hairy. palposa Walker, I. c. 926. — Huds B. Terr. spinosa Walker, 1. c. 926. — Huds. B. Terr. ’ Apina Walker, 1. c. 927. — Nova Scotia. Anane Walker, 1. c. 927. — Huds. B. Terr. Lipsia Walker, 1. c. 928. — Huds. B. Terr. Pylone Walker, 1. c. 928. — North America. nigripennis Walker, 1. c. 929. — Huds. B. Terr. Omole Walker, 1. c. 930. — similis Walker, 1. c. 9380. — 7 ANTHOMYIDAE. 169 nigra Walker, 1. ¢. 931. — Huds. B. Terr. Teate Walker, 1. c. 931. nigrifrons Walker, 1. c. 939. — Barpana Walker, 1. c. 933. — Nova Scotia. Narina Walker, it c. 933. — Nova Scotia. b. Legs wholly or mostly yellow. * Kyes hairy. Tuteva Walker, 1. c. 934. — Nova Scotia. ** Kyes not hairy. Bysia Walker, 1. c. 936. — Nova Scotia. Troene Walker, 1. c. 936. — Aemene Walker, 1. c. 937. — Alcathoe Walker, 1. ¢. 937. — LTysinoe Walker, 1. ¢. 938, — Ausoba Walker, |. c. 938. — Signia Walker, 1. c. 9389. — Geldria Walker, 1. c. 940. — Alone Walker, 1. c. 941. — Huds. B. Terr. soccata Walker, 1. c. 941. — ” xs. szss33 8 ” B. Feeler-bristle downy or bare; legs black; eyes not hairy. Narona Walker, 1. c. 945. — Florida. Donuca Walker, 1. c. 946. — Nova Scotia. Brixia Walker, 1. €. 946. — Alaba Walker, 1. c. 948. — North America. Idyla Walker, 1. c. 948. — Huds. B. Terr. Uxama Walker, 1. ce. 948. — Tinia Walker. |. ¢. 949. — Badia Walker, 1. c. 950. — Perrima Walker, 1. c. 950, — Viana Walker, 1. c. 951. — Nova ‘Scotia Acra Walker, 1. c. 951. — Huds. B. Terr. Isura Walker, 1 c. 952. — Nova Scotia. determinata Walker, 1. c. 955. — ,, Opalia Walker, 1. c. 956. — ” n ” ” Observation. Mr. Meade (Entom, Monthly Mag April 1878) says about N. A. Anthomyiae: ,,In this genus, as now restricted, I determined eight species, one of which seemed identical with Musca radicum, Lin. and another with MZ. plwvialis Lin. Chortophila. Macquart, Hist. Nat. Dipt. II, 323, 1825; Rondani, Dipt. Ital. Prodr. A large number of small flies in the (North American) collec- tion could be referred to the genus Chortophila. I made out as many as twenty nine distinct species, several of which were similar 170 ANTHOMYIDAE. to european forms, viz. C. floccosa Macq., A. angustifrons Meigen, A, gilva Zett., A. vittigera Zett. and A. flavoscutellata Zett.“ (R. H. Meade, in Ent. Monthly Magaz., April 1878, p. 252.) Azelia. Rob. Desvoidy, Essai sur les Myodaires, 1830; Loew, Die deutschen Arten d. Gatt. Azelia (Ent. Miscellen etc. Breslau 1874). Mr. Meade says about the North American Azeliae (Ent. Monthly Magaz. April 1878). » lhe only species in this genus corresponded with A. Stregeri Zett.“ According to Loew, 1. c. the latter in the same with A. cilipes Haliday, Ann. Nat. Hist. II, p. 105, which is the older name. Atomogaster. Macquart, Hist. Nat Dipt. H, 329; 1835. *albicineta Fallen, Meigen, etc. — Europe and North America (Loew’ im litt.); Nebraska, Texas. Homalomyia. Bouché, Naturgesch. d. Ins. I, 88; 1834. *eanicularis Linné, Meigen, System. Beschr. V, 143, 104 (Anthomyia). — Europe and North America (see Loew, Sillim. Journ. 1. c. and Meade, Ent. Monthly Mag. 1878, April). *manicata Meigen, System. Beschr. V, 140, 100 (Anthomyia); Zetter- stedt, etc. — Europe and North America (see Loew, |. ¢.). prunivora Walsh, Amer. Ent. HU, 187 (description of imago and larva). — Illinois. (?°°). *sealaris Fabricius; Meigen, System. Beschr. V, 141, 102 etc. (Antho- myia). — Europe and North America (see Loew, Sillim. Journ. l. c. and Meade, Ent. Monthly Mag. 1878, April). Fannia saltatriz R. Desvoidy, Myod. 567 [{Schiner]. *serena Fallen, Musc. 76, 88. — Europe (Sweden) and North America (Loew i Uitt.). *spathulata Zetterstedt, Dipt. Scand. 1V, 1543. — Europe (Lapland) and North Mites (Loew in litt.\. *subpellucens Zetterstedt, Dipt. Scand. IV, 1561, 176. — Europe (Lapland) and North America (Loew, Sillim. Journ. 1. c¢.). *tetracantha Loew, Centur. X, 69. — Middle States. femorata Loew, Wiener Ent. Monatschr. V, 42, 18; Centur. X, 68. — Cuba. Observaticn. ,,There were five (N. A.) species, belonging to this genus, three of which seemed identical with the common european JM. canicularis L., A. scalaris M., and A. inciswrata Zett. It is most probable that these common flies, which abound in and about our houses in Europe, have been imported into America, like the house fly, JZ domestica.“ (Rh. H. Meade, 1. c.) ANTHOMYIDAE. 171 Dialyta. Meigen, System. Beschr. V, 208; 1826. (°°). ?cupreifrons Walker, List, etc. IV, 966. — Huds. B. Terr. Lispe. Lispa Latreille, Precis ete.; 1796. (76°). * flavicincta Loew, Stett. Ent. Zeit. VIII, 27. — Europe and North America, Huds. B. Terr. (Loew in Litt.). *consanguinea Loew, Wiener Ent. Monatsch. II, 8. — Europe and North America, Texas (Loew 7n litt.). hispida Walker, List, etc. 1V, 971. — Huds. B. Terr. * sociabilis Loew, Centur. I], 72. — Distr. Columbia. simillima Walker, List, etc. IV, 972. — Huds. B. Terr. *nliginosa Fallen, Dipt. Suec. (AZusca) 93, 2; Loew, Stett. Ent. Zeit- schr. VIII, 24. — Europe and North America (Loew, in Sillim. Journ. 1. c. and Meade, in Ent. Monthly Magaz. April 1878, p. 252). Observation. ,,The genus Lispa contained three (N. A.) species, one similar to L. tentaculata Degeer, and another to L. uliginosa Fall.“ (Meade, 1. c.) Caricea. Rob. Desvoidy, Myod., p. 530; 1830. »lhis genus contained but one species, which seems to be very common in America, as there were numerous specimens of it in the collection; it was of considerable size and the females bore a remarkable resemblance to those of MW. impuncta Fall., but the males were very different and quite characteristic of the genus.“ (Meade. 1. c.) Cocenosia. Meigen, System. Beschr. V, 210; 1826. *ealopyga Loew, Centur. X, 71. — Pennsylvania. incisurata v. d. Wulp, Tijdschr. v. Ent. 24 Ser. IV, 84. — Wisconsin. *modesta Loew, Centur. X, 72. — Distr. Columbia. *nivea Loew, Centur. X, 70. — Pennsylvania. (For Coenosia tricincta Loew, Centur. IX, 83, see Cordylura, where it has been transferred by Loew in Uitt.). fuscopunctata Macquart, Dipt. Exot. 4e Suppl. 270, 4. — North America. Mr. Walker’s species: antica Walker, Dipt. Saund., 567. — United States. atrata Walker, Dipt. Saund. 369. — United States. intaecta Walker, Dipt. Saund., 369. — United States. intacta Walker (bis!) Trans. Ent. Soc. N. 8. V, 318. — North America. 172 CORDYLURIDAE. lata Walker, Dipt. Saund., 368. — United States. sexmaculata Walker, List, etc. IV, 970. — Huds. B. Terr. solita Walker, Dipt. Saund, 368. — Huds. B. Terr. spinosa Walker, List, etc. IV, 967. — Huds. B. Terr. substituta Walker, List, ete IV, 971. — Massachusetts. Observation: Mr. Meade (Ent. Monthly Magaz. April 1878) made out sixteen north american species of Coenosia, many of which were very similar in their characters to european ones; but he could only identify one, which was apparently identical with A. pygmaea Zett. Schoenomyza. Haliday, Ent. Mag. 1833. (28°). *chrysostoma Loew, Centur. IX, 86. — New Hampshire. * dorsalis Loew, Centur. X, 75. — Distr. Columbia. FAMILY CORDYLURIDAE. Cordylura. Fallen, Spec. Ent. etc.; 1810. (**4). *acuticornis Loew, Centur. IX, 94. — British North America. *adusta Loew, Centur. III, 41. — New Jersey; White Mts., N. H. *albibarba Loew, Centur. 1X, 96. — White Mts. N. H. *angustifrons Loew, Centur. III, 45 — Wisconsin. *bimaculata Loew, Wiener Ent. Monatschr. IV, 81, 3; Centur. III, 40, — Atlantic States; Canada. Cordylura maculipennis vy. d. Wulp, Tijdschr. v. Ent. 24 Ser. II, 152; Tab. V, f. 7—9. [Loew, Zeitschr. f. Ges. Naturw. XXXVI, 1165695] Lissa varipes Walker, List, etc. IV, 1046. — Ohio (1). *eapillata Loew, Centur. X, 77. — White Mts, N. H. *eineta Loew, Centur. HI, 47. — Distr. Columbia. *confusa Loew, Centur. III, 43. — British N. A. Cordylura pubera Linné, in Walker, List, ete. IV, 972. — Huds. B. Terr. *cornuta Loew, Centur. III, 48. — British possessions; White Mts, N.H. (the patria ,,British Columbia in the Centuries, is erroneous). *flavipes Loew, Centur. III, 46 — Wisconsin. *fulvibarba Loew, Centur. X, 76. — Fort Resolution, Huds. B. Terr. *gvagatina Loew, Centur. IX, 93. — Canada *gilvipes Loew, Centur. III, 49. — English River, Lake Winnipeg. *glabra Loew, Centur. IX, 90. — White Mts., N. H. *eracilipes Loew, Centur. IX, 87. — White Mts., N. H. *haemorrhoidalis Meigen, System. Beschr. V, 237; — Staeger, Groenl. Antl. 366. —- Europe and North America; Greenland (Staeger); White Mts., N. H. (Loew i Uitt.). CORDYLURIDAE. iis impudica Reiche, Ann. Soc. Ent. de Fr. 1857, Bullet. p. 77 (Anthoimyia). — Greenland (is a Cordylura, according to Loew, Berl. Ent. Zeitschr. 1858, 347). *inermis Loew, Centur. IX, 88. — White Mts. N. H. *latifrons Loew, Centur. IX, 92. — Middle States. *lutea Loew, Centur. X, 75. — Sitka. *megacephala Loew, Centur. IX, 94. — Distr. Columbia. *munda Loew, Centur. IX, 91. — Fort Resolution, Huds. B. Terr. *nana Loew, Centur. V, 94. — Canada. pictipennis Loew, Wiener Ent. Monatschr. VIII, 22. — Siberia and North America. *pleuritica Loew, Centur. III, 42. — English River, Winnipeg; Massa- chusetts; Connecticut. *praeusta Loew, Centur. V, 98. — Canada. qualis Say, J. Acad. Phil. VI, 176; Compl. Wr. II. 366. — Indiana [,,eyes approximate above‘, cannot be Cordylura! Loew, in litt.). *seapularis Loew, Centur. IX, 89. — English River, Winnipeg. *setosa Loew, Wiener Ent. Monatschr. IV, 81, 4; Centur. III, 44. — Distr. Columbia. *terminalis Loew, Centur, III, 39. — Pennsylvania. *tricineta Loew, Centur. IX, 83 (Coenosia); transferred to Cordylura, by Loew, 7m litt. — White Mts. N. H. *yariabilis Loew, Zeitschr f. Ges. Naturw. 1876, 326. — Massa- chusetts. *yittipes Loew, Centur. X, 74. — Sitka. *unilineata Zetterstedt, Dipt. Scand. V, 2010. — Sweden, Lapland; also in Sitka (Loew i Uitt.). Observation. Species from Mr. Walker's, List, ete. Aea, 1. c. IV, 978. — Huds. B. Terr, bicolor, 1. c. 974. — Huds, B. Terr. cupricrus, 1. c. 974. — Huds. B. Terr, flavipennis, 1. c. 975. — Huds. B. Terr. imperator, }. c. 975. — Huds. B. Terr. longa, 1. c. 976. — Huds. B. Terr. tenuior, |. c. 977. — Huds. B. Terr. yolucricaput, |. c. 977. — Huds. b. Terr. Hydromyza. Fallen, Dipt. Suec. Hydromyz.; 1823. *confluens Loew, Centur. III, 50. — English River, Lake Winnipeg. Scatophaga. Meigen, Illiger’s Magaz. II; 1803; Scatomyza Fallen; Pyropa Uliger. ariciiformis Holmgren, Ins. Nordgroenl. 103. — Greenland. apicalis Curtis, Ins. Ross’s Exp. LXXX. — Arctic. America. bicolor Walker, List, etc. IV, 982. — Huds. B. Terr. canadensis Walker, Trans. Ent. Soc. N. Ser. IV, 218. — Canada. 174 HELOMYZIDAE, exotica Wiede nann, Auss. Zw. II, 448, 8. — New Orleans. fuscinervis Zetterstedt, Dipt. Scand. V, 1974, 11; Holmgren, Ins. Nordgroenl. 107. — Lapland and Greenland intermedia Walker, List, etc. IV, 980. — Nova Scotia. litorea Meigen, etc. Staeger’s Groenl. Antl. p. 366, 46. — Eurepe and Greenland. nigripes Holmgren, Ins. Spetsb. 34; Ins. Nordgroenl. 103. — Spitz- bergen and Greenland. pallida Walker, List, etc. IV, 981. — Huds B. Terr. pubescens Walker, List, etc. 1V, 982. — Huds. B. Terr. *squalida Meigen, etc.; Staeger, Groenl. Antl. 366, 45. — Europe and and North America (the occurrence in the latter is confirmed by Loew, in Sillim. Journ. XXXVU, p. 318); Nova Scotia (Walker, List, etc. IV, 981). Pyropa furcata Say, J. Acad. Phil. II, 98; Compl. Wr. II, 85 [Loew, 1. ¢ ]. Scatophaga furcata Wiedemann, TEIDAE. 211 *melampyga Loew, Centur. VIII, 88. — Distr. Columb‘a. *neptis Loew, Centur. VIII, 93. — Nebraska. *parvicornis Loew, Centur. VII, 92. — Distr. Columbia. *setosa Loew, Centur. Vil', 83. — Distr. Columbia. *simplex Loew, Centur. VIII, 84. — Pennsylvania. *tritici Fitch, Reports I, 303; Tab. II, f. 1. — New York. *virens Loew, Centur. VIII, 85. — Pennsylvania. pictella Thomson, Eugen. Resa, 609. — California. platyptera Thomson, Eugen. Resa, 608. — California. Odontocera. Macquart, Hist. Nat. Dipt. UH, 614; 1¢35. *dorsalis Loew, Centur. Ili, 98. — Distr. Columbia. Phyllomyza. Fallen, Ochtidia; 1&23. -*nitens Loew, Centur. VIII, 82. — Pennsylvania. Ochthiphila. Fallen, Ochtidia; 1828. (55). lispina Thomson, Eugen. Resa, 599. — California. Observation. Ulidia metallica Bigot, in R. de la Sagra ete. 825 belongs to the Agromyzidae, according to Loew, Monogr. HI, 202; however in the same volume page 65, he says it may be a Chrysomyza, a genus allied to Ulidia. FAMILY PHYTOMYZIDAE. Phytomyza. Fallen, Phytomyz.; 1823. *elematidis Loew, Centur. III, 100. — Distr. Columbia. diminuta Walker, Trans. Ent Soc. N. 8. IV, 232. — United Stitis. *genualis Loew, Certur. VII, 100. — Distr. Columbia. *jlicicola Loew, Centur. Vol. I, 290. — Distr. Columbia. Phytomyza ilicis Loew, Centur. III, 99 (change of name by Loew). *nervyosa Loew, Centur. VIII, 99. — Distr. Columbia. solita Walker, Trans. Ent. Soc. N. Ser. V, 232. — United States. obseurella Fallen, Phytomyz. 4, 8; Meigen, System. Beschr. V1, 191; Staeger, Groenl. Antl. 369, 55. — Europe and Greenland. FAMILY ASTEIDAE. Sigaloéssa. fie Centur. VI, 100; 1865. (**°). *bicolor Loew, Centur. VI, 100. — Cuba. 212 BORBORIDAE. — PHORIDAE. Asteia. Meigen, System. Beschr. V, 88, 1830; improved in Astia by Loew, Centur. VI, 100. (°°°). tenuis Walker, Trans. Ent. Soc. Phil. V, 331. — United States. FAMILY BORBORIDAE. @. Borborus. Meigen, in Illiger’s Magaz. II, 1803; Copromyza Fallen, Stenh. annulus Walker, List, etc. IV, 1129. — Huds. B. Terr. *equinus Fallen, Stenhammar, ete. — Europe and North America [Loew. Sillim. J. N. S. XXXVII, 318}. carolinensis R. Desvoidy, Myod. 811, 2 (Scatophora). — Carolina. *yenalicius n. sp. see note (**?). — Africa and Cuba |common, probably imported in slave-ships; about the specific identity, see Loew, Monogr. I, 47]. FAMILY PHORIDAE, Trineura. Meigen, Illiger’s Magaz. II; 1803. aterrima Fabricius, Meigen, etc.; Walker, List, etc. IV, 11388. — Europe; Huds. B. Terr. (Walker). Gymnophora. Macquart, Hist. Nat. Dipt. II, 631; 1835. *arcuata Meigen, etc. — Europe and North America (Loew in litt). Phora. Latreille, Hist. Nat. des Crust. et des Ins. XIV; 1804. *atra Fabricius, etc. — Europe and North America [Loew i litt.]. *elavata Loew, Centur. VII, 95. — Distr. Columbia. fuscipes Macquart, Hist. Nat. Dipt. Il, 627. — Europe and North America |Huds. B. Terr. Walker, List, etc. IV, 1136). *ineisuralis Loew, Centur. VII, 98. — Distr. Columbia. *microcephala Loew, Centur. VII, 96. — Distr. Columbia. *nigriceps Loew, Centur. VII, 99. — Distr. Columbia. * pachyneura Loew, Centur. VII, 97. — Alaska. *rufipes Meigen, System. Beschr. VI, 216. | Europe and North America, Huds. B. Terr. [Walker, List, ete. IV, 1186; also Loew i Uitt.|. cornuta Bigot, R. de la Sagra etc. 827. — Cuba. *sealaris Loew, Centur. VII, 100. — Cuba. HIPPOBOSCIDAE. 213 WT. DIPTERA PUPIPARA. FAMILY HIPPOBOSCIDAE, @*)- Olfersia. _ Wiedemann, Auss. Zw. IT, 605; 1830. *americana Leach, Eprob. 11, 2, Tab. XX VII, f, 1—3 (Feronia); Wied., Auss. Zw. II, 606, 1; Macquart, Hist. Nat. Dipt. II, 641, 4. — Georgia (Leach); Illinois, Massachusetts ; Dallas, Texas (On Bubo virginianus, Buteo borealis.) Hippobosca bubonis Packard’s Guide ete.. 417. albipennis Say, J. Acad. Phil. III, 101; Compl. Wr. II, 87. (On Ardea Herodias.) *ardeae Macquart, Hist. Nat. Dipt. II, 640. — Europe and North America |Loew, Sillim. J. XX XVII, 318). brunnea Olivier, Encycl. Méthod. VUI, 544, 6 (rnithomyia). — Carolina. mexicana Macquart, Dipt Exot. II, 3, 278, 5. — Mexico. propingua Walker, List, etc. 1141. — Jamaica. sulcifrons Thomson, Eugen. Resa, etc. 611. — Panama. Ornithomyia. Latreille, Hist. Nat. des Crust. et des Ins. XIV, 402; 1804. avicularia Linné, Leach, Meigen, etc. — Europe and North America (the latter according to v. d. Wulp, Tijdschr. 24 Ser. IV, 80). fusciventris Wiedemann, Auss. Zw. I], 611, 9. — Kentucky. nebulosa Say, J. Acad. Phil. III, 102, 1; Compl. Wr. II, 87 (on Strix nebulosa); Wiedemann, Auss. Zw. II, 610, 6. — North America. *pallida Say, J. Acad. Phil. III, 103, 2; Compl. Wr. Il, 87 (on Sylvia Sialis); Wiedemann, Auss. Zw. 1], 610, 7. — North America. *erythrocephala Leach, Eprob. Ins. 18, 3; Tab. XXVII, f. 4—6; Wiedemann, Auss. Zw. Il, 610, 5. — Brazil (Leach); Jamaica (Walker, List, etc. IV, 1143); Cuba. (1 received a specimen from Quebec, Canada. — O. 8.). fulvifrons Walker, List, ete. IV, 1145. — Jamaica. unicolor Walker, List, etc. IV, 1144. — Jamaica. vicina Walker, |. ec. 1144. — Jamaica, Observation. Ornithomyia laticornis Macquart, Hist. Nat. Dipt. II, 642, 3 etc., of my first Catalogue is omitted here, since my attention was drawn to the erratum in the same volume, where the locality: Cuba, is recognized as erroneous. 214 NYCTERIBIDAE. Novum genus? (°*). confluens Say, 1. Acad. Phil. II, 103, 3; Compl. Wr. II, 87 (Orni- thomyia conflwenta) ; Wiedemann, Auss. Zw. Il, 611, 8 (translation from Say). — Pennsylvania. Lipoptena. Nitsch, in Germ. Mag. f. Ent. II, 310; 1818; Leptotena Macq.; Haemobora Curtis, ete. depressa Say, J. Acad. Phil. III, 104; Compl. Wr. II, 88 (Melophagus) ; Wiedemann, Auss. Zw. Il, 614, 2. — Pennsylvania, on Cervus virginianus. {Referred to this genus by Loew i litt.] Melophagus. Latreille, Hist. Nat. des Crust. et des Ins. XIV, 402; 1804. *ovinus Linné, Meigen, System. Beschr. VI, 236; Tab. 65, f. 16; Leach, Curtis, etc.; Fitch, Survey of Wash. Co. etc. 797. — Europe and North America. (See Loew, Sillim. J., 1 c¢) Elippobosea. Linné, Fauna Suec.; 1761. *equina Linné, etc.; Kirby, N. Am. Zool. Ins. 316. — Europe and North America. [See Loew, Sillim. Journ. N. 8. XXXVI, 318.] FAMILY NYCTERIBIDAE, (). Strebla. Wiedemann, Analecta etc. 1824; Auss. Zw. I, 612; 1880. *vespertilionis Fabricius, System. Antl. 359, 6 (Hippobosca); Wiede- mann, Anal. Ent. 19, £. 7; Auss. Zw. Il, 612, 1; Tab. X, £13; Macquart, Hist. Nat. Dipt. II, 687, 1; Tab. XXIV, f. 7. — South America (Fabr.); Jamaica (Walker, List ete. IV, 1146); San Do- mingo, Cuba [Loew in Uitt.]. Strebla avium Macquart, Dipt. Exot. 5e Suppl. 127, 2. — San Domingo (on pigeons and parrots). [Loew in litt.] Strebla Wiedemanni Kolenati, Horae Soc. Ent. Ross. Il, 96; Tab. XV, f. 36 [Loew tn litt.]. Megistopoda. Macquart, Ann. de la Soc. Ent. de Fr. 1852, 331 - 333. *Pilatei Macquart, Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr. 1852, 331; Tab. IV, Nr. 4. — Mexico (Macq.). — Cuba. Megistopodia Pilatei Kolenati, Horae Soc. Ent. Ross. II, 89; Tab. RLV. ct. 32. Nycteribia. Latreille, Hist. Nat. des Crust. et des Ins. XIV, 403; 1804. (8%), No N. A. species is as yet described. The M. C. Z. possesses a specimen from California. NOTES. 1. Cecidomyia. On this family, the following papers may be con- sulted: Il. Loew. Dipterologische Beitrige IV, 1850. The same. Zur Kenntniss der Gallmicken, in the Linnaea Entomol. V, 1851. J. Winnertz. Beitrag zu einer Monographie der Gallmicken, in Linnaea Entomol. VHI, 1854; with four beantiful plates. The same. Heteropeza und Miastor, in the Verh. Zool. Bot. Gesellsch. 1869. The same. Die Gruppe der Lestreminae, in the same volume. Bergenstamm und Léw (Fr.), Synopsis Cecidomyiarum, in the Verh. Zool. Bot. Gesellsch. 1876. A synopsis of all the literature on the subject; very accurate and complete. C. R. Osten Sacken. On the North American Cecidomyidae. — In the Monographs of N. A. Diptera, Vol I (a survey of the previous publications concerning the classification, habits etc.). In an inaugural Dissertation, entitled: Revision der Gallmiicken, Miinster 1877, Mr. F. A. Karsch changes the existing nomenclature of the Cecidomyidae, in virtue of the principle of priority. What we call now Cecidomyia, he calls Dasyneura Rondani; our Diplosis Loew, is his Cecidomyia Meigen; Clinorhyncha Loew is to be Ozirhyncus Ron- dani; Epidosis Loew is Porricondyla Rondani; Hormomyia Loew is Oli- gotrophus Latreille. The general adoption of these changes does not seem at all desirable. 2. Cecid. grossulariae Fitch. In the Monogr. I, p. 7, Mr. Loew stated that this species is an Asphondylia, a statement which I repeated on faith, l. & p. 189. Dr. Fitch’s description renders it evident that his species is atrue Cecidomyia. It is probable that, in making the above-quoted statement Mr. Loew had in his mind the european Ceeid. ribesii Meigen, which, as appears from Meigen’s description, must be an Asphondylia. 3. Cecid. sa icis batatas. ,,This gall seems to agree in its structure with that of Cecid. salicis Schrank, on european willows.“ Bergenstamm @ Low, 1 cp. 71. 4, ,,The five kinds of leaf-accumulations and leaf-rosettes, which Mr. Walsh describes and which he attributes to his Cecidomyiae gnaphaloides, rhodoides, strobiloides, strobiliscus, coryloides, seem to be 216 NOTES. the produce of the same species of Cecidomyia; the differences in the shape of the gall seem to be due, not to a specific difference among the insects, but to the specific difference of the willows on which they occur. The trifling differences between the flies, as described by Walsh, as well as the circumstance that each of those five forms of galls har- bours only a single larva, strengthen this view. The european relative of this species, Cecid. rosaria Loew, likewise produces differently shaped galls on different species of willows.“ Bergenstamm and Léw, Lc pauhle 5. Cecid. salicis-strobiloides. ,,This gall is the exact counterpart of the gall of Cecid. rosaria Loew, on the european Salix purpurea.‘ Bergenstamm and Léw, 1. c. p. 72. 6. Several of the galls which I described as occurring on hickories, as caryae, caryaecola, holotricha, persicoides, even tubicola, and other, undescribed forms, sometimes occur promiscuously, on the same leaf. It remains to ascertain, whether they are really produced by different species of Cecidomyia, or whether most of them are not merely modi- fications in shape and degree of pubescence, of the gall of Diplosis caryae. 7. Cecidomyia poculum I am very much inclined now to believe that the larva of a Cecidomyia, which I found in the gall that I thus named, was a mere inquiline, and that the gall was the work of a Cynipid. The ground for my belief is, that there is an analogous gall in Europe, that of Newroterus lenticularis, which frequently harbours inquilinous larvae of Cecidomyiae. As long as the gall is on the leaf, no larva of a Cynips can be found in it; it develops only when the gall falls to the ground. If my supposition is correct, this peculiarity of the gall of Neuroterus would explain why, in most cases, I did not find any larvae whatever in the gall poculum. 8. Mycetophilidae. For the definition of the genera see: Winnertz, Beitr. zu einer Monographie der Pilzmicken, in the Verh. Zool. Bot. Gesellsch. 1863, p. 637—964. Mr. Loew’s species were all referred by him to the new genera formed by Winnertz. The older species by Say, Wiedemann, etc., unless identified, 1 have left in the genera in which they were described. 9. Empheria is preoccupied by Hagen in the Psocidae, 1856. Glaphyroptera by Heer, fossil Buprestidae, 1852. 10. Seiara and Trichosia. Compare Winnertz, Beitrag zu einer Monographie der Sciarinen, in Verh. Zool. Bot. Gesellsch. 1867. 11. Simulium There is a monograph of this genus by Fries; compare also Zetterstedt, Meigen, Schiner. 12. Bibio. A monograph of the european species by Loew, in Linnaea Entomologica, I, p. 342. In quoting Geoffroy, here and else- where, I rely upon Schiner, because I possess only the second edition of Geoffroy. The name Bibio was first introduced by Geoffroy in 1764; he in- cluded five species in it, three ot which where Bivio’s in the present meaning and two Psychodae ye NOTES. Zt The name Hiitea appeared first in Scopoli, Entomologia Carniolica 1763, where Hirtea longicornis Stratiomys strigata F'.) is described. — For an unexplained reason, Fabricius, in the Supplement to his Ento- mologia Systematica, published in 1798, took up the name WHirtea (without any reference to Scopoli) and applied it to a number of species, the majority of which are Bibio’s. At the same time, the majority of Fabricius’s Bibio’s are our Therevae, and Fabricius’s There- vae are our Phasiae, Trichopodae ete. ! Meigen followed Fabricius’s precedence about Hirtea in his earlier work: Klassification ete. (1804), and Fabricius quoted Meigen in his System. Antliatorum (1805). In his principal work, however, (1818) Meigen rejected the name Hirtea, and very properly adopted Geoffroy’s earlier name Bibio. Later writers have followed Meigen’s example, except Zetterstedt, who maintains the name Hirtea, for our Bibio. It is very probable that Stratiomyia longicornis Scopoli (Syn. strigata Fabricius), which shows several peculiarities of structure, will, by and by, form a separate genus, and then Hirtea will be the proper name for that genus. 13. Bibio articulatus Say. According to Loew, Centur. V, 10, Nota this species belongs in the vicinity of B. abbreviatus, fraternus, nigripilus, but the descriptions, both of Say and of Wiedemann are not explicit enough for identification. 14. About Plecia, Penthetria, Hesperinus, etc. compare Loew, Berl. Entom Z. II, p. 101. Also by the same: Berichtigung der generischen Bestimmung einiger fossilen Dipteren, in the Zeitschr. f. Ges. Naturw. Vol. XXXII, p. 80 (1868). 15. About Scatopse, see Loew, Linnaea Entom. I, p. 324, a mono- graph of the european species. Also another paper, by the same, in the Zeitschr. f. d. Ges. Naturw., Vol. XXXV. (1570). 16 The identity of Arthria Kirby with Aspistes and of Arthria analis with Aspistes borealis seems to me very probable, some dis- crepancies between the descriptions notwithstanding. 17. Blepharoceridae. Compare Loew’s Monographic Essay: La famiglia dei Blefaroceridi, in the Bollet. della Societa Kntom. Italiana, Vol. I, p. 85 (1869). — The same author’s: Revision der Blepharoceridae (in the Schles. Zeitschr. f. Entomol. Neue Folge, Heft VI, Breslau 1877) is in the main a reproduction of the Italian paper, but being of later date contains several additions. In the Monographs etc. IV, p. 3, I suggested the possibility of a relationship between the Blepharoceridae and the Ptychopterina. But since I know the Blepharoceridae better, I am less inclined to perceive that relationship In the structure of the eyes this family stands nearer to Simulium and Bibio. 18. Asthenia americana Walker, List, etc. I, p. 28, according to Loew, Monographs I, p. 8, is not a Blepharocerid at all, and any one, who reads the description, will agree with this conclusion It seems furthermore that Mr. Walker’s type is not to be found in its place at the British Museum; compare Mr. Haliday’s note in the Bolletino della 218 NOTES. Societi Entomol. Italiana, Vol. I, p. 99. The fact that Mr. Walker had not the slightest idea of the true characters of this family, is further proved by his having described a true Blepharocera as an Asyndulum. 19. Paltostoma. I will add to Dr. Schiner’s description, that the palpi are distinct; the posterior tibiae bear one long, slender spur; ocelli large, distinct; eyes separated by a broad front, pubescent, facets of the same size on the whole surface: wings with a square anal angle, like that of the other species of the family and unlike their represen- tation on the figure in the Novara-volume. Altogether, the genus bears out the character of the family, as drawn by Loew (Revision der Biepharoceridae, p. 83). The two mexican specimens, which I have seen, are much smaller than P. superbiens from South America, which I saw in Vienna, but there is a great deal of analogy in the coloring of the two, and they may possibly belong to the same species. In Turin I had no copy of the Novara work at hand, in order to compare the description with those specimens. 20. Culex. In the British Museum I found the following typical specimens of Mr. Walker’s species: excitans, one specimen, excrucians two, impatiens four (42), impiger two, implacabilis one, provocans two, stimulans one, territans two, preturbans one. Many of them are un- recognizable. Qulex cont:rrens Walker, a fragment, is evidently C. ciliatus ; Culex sollicitans is C. taeniorhynchus. 21. Anopheles. About the european species of this genus, compare Loew, Dipterol. Beitrage I. 22. Chironomidae. Mr. van der Wulp has made a particular study of this family and has introduced several new generic groups. Compare his articles in the Tijdschr. Entom. Nederl. Ver. 1859, T. 2, 1, p. 3—11; also 1. c. in 1874; but especially the chapter on Chironomidae in his larger work: Diptera Neerlandica. 23. Tanypus. There is a Monographia Tanypodum Sueciae by Fries, 1823. 24. Ceratopogon. J. Winnertz, Beitrag zur Kenntniss der Gatt. Ceratopogon, in the Linnaea Entomol., Vol. VI (1852, contains a mono- graph of the european species, with remarkably fine plates. Unfortu- nately, Mr. Winnertz did not subdivide the genus in smaller genera, but left it, as it was, and still is, a congeries of heterogeneous forms. A beginning of such a subdivision may be found in Westwood’s Synopsis, etc., p. 125; compare also Rondani, Prodr. I, p. 175, and v. d. Wulp, Diptera Neerlandica. ; 25. On the Tipulidae brevipalpi, compare my Monograph, in the 4th Volume of the Monographs of North American Diptera, published by the Smithsonian Institution, in January 1869. For many years, I have made a particular study of the Tipulidae, and of the brevipalpi especially. This study has enabled me to con- tribute something towards a better distribution of this group, but has, at the same time, thoroughly opened my eyes to the still remaining blanks in that classification. For from concealing there defects, I have NOTES. 219 carefully pointed them out in my volume. The Eriopterina especially, require a more thorough investigation, based on more abundant materials than I had at my disposal; the relationstof Goniomyia to Gonophomyia must be more clearly defined; the genera Cladura, Sigmatomera, Phyllolabis, as they stand now, come within dangerous proximity of the Limno- philina and their true position is still a problem. In the Limnophilina, the numerous species of Limnophila, require a better grouping: I have shown, for instance, on p. 201 and 230, that the presence of four, or of five posterior cells, is an altogether secondary character and that some species with four cells, like C. quadrata, are very closely related to some other species, with five cells. Numerous hints of that kind will be found in my volume, hints which, at that time, it was not possible as yet to develop: but in order to be made use of, there hints must be sought in that volume, and not in the adaptations of my classification in other writers. Most of the entomologists who have adopted my classification, have become acquainted with it through Dr. Schiner’s work. But that work was based on my earlier essay (1859), and does not contain the improvements, introduced in my later, and more voluminous, publication of 1869. 26. Limnobia simulans. I prefer to retain the name which I gave to this species: Mr. Walker’s description is absolutely unrecognizable, as I have shown in Monogr. IV, p. 41. 27. Trochotola argus. This species hardly differs from the european Trochobola annulata Lin. (Syn. imperialis Loew). During my presence in London in July 1877 I had occasion again to see Linne’s type of Tipula annulata in the Linn. Society and can only confirm the statement which I made after my previous visit to the same institution, twenty five years ago: that Tipula annulata Lin. is the same as Limnobia umperialis Loew. (See Stett. Ent. Zeitschr. 1857, p. 90.) The specimen is a fragment, but the supernumerary crossvein is distinctly visible on the wing. Thus much in answer to Prof. Zetterstedt’s doubts in the Dipt. Scand. Vol. XIV, p. 6534. The fact that Prof. Zetterstedt, during his long dipterological career, never came across a swedish specimen of this insect, is curious. By and by it will be found there. In the mean time, Prof. Mik in Vienna showed me specimens which he caught in Upper Austria and in Gastein, Styria. The Imperial Museum in Vienna (Collect. Winthem), contains a specimen from Lyon, France. It seems to be a nothern and alpine species; and many alpine forms (for instance Parnassius Apollo), occur in the mountains of the Dauphiné not far from Lyon. Prof. Mik also found Limnobia caesarea O. 8. near Gastein. 28. Diotrepha nov. gen. Related to Orimarga (compare the figure of the wing in Monographs, IV, Tab. I, f. 8), but the posterior branch of the fourth vein is not forked, so that there are only three posterior cells; the small crossvein is nearer to the apex of the wing; the great crossvein, on the contrary, is much nearer to the root of the wing, far anterior to the origin of the second vein. Being thus placed in a situation where the longitudinal veins come very clo-e together, this 220 NOTES. crossvein is short and may be easily overlooked. ‘The wings are very narrow; the body delicate, the legs long and very slender; empodia distinct. D. mirabilis n. sp. About 6 mm. long, brownish, very slender, with long, exceedingly delicate, white legs; the tips of the femora and of the tibiae, brown. — Georgia; Texas. I am not able, at present, to give a better description of this species; still, its characters are to striking that it will be easily recognized. I first took it in Georgia, in 1858, and did not publish it, not knowing where to place it. Later, I sent it to Dr. Loew and did not have it before me at the time of the publication of Monographs, Vol. IV. During my visit to Dr. Loew in 1877, I saw the specimen again and took down a few notes about its characters, thinking that it was related to T'haumastoptera Mik. But I have seen the latter in Vicnna since and have given up all idea of a relationship. The type of D. mirabilis is now in the Mus. Comp. Zool. in Cambridge, Mass. I have seen a second specimen, apparently of the same species, taken by Mr. Boll in Texas. A specimen from Cuba in Mr. Loew’s collection also seems to belong here. The name Diotrepha means fed by the Gods. 29. Rhypholophus fascipennis Zett. According to Dr. Stein, who quotes Loew in Uitt., this may be the same as the R. phryganopterus of Kolenati (Stein, in Stett. Ent. Zeitschr. 1873, p. 241). 30. Erioptera The characters of the subdivisions, established by me in this genus were explained in the Monogr. IV, 151—152. In their application to species from other parts of the world than North America, some of them will hold good, others will require to be remodelled. The subgenus Hrioptera maintains all its characters in the european species - taenionota M., flavescens ¥., fuscipennis M. (as I saw them named in Mr. Kowarz’s collection). rioptera maculata M. is a true Acyphona, agreeing in all generic characters with the american species of that subdivision. The definition which Dr. Loew gives of Acyphona (Beschr. Europ. Dipt. JII, 50) is incomplete and therefore misleading; he evidently based it on my statements in Monogr. Vol. IV, p. 158 only, and overlooked the detailed character of the subgenus, as given on p. 151—152. His Acyphonae therefore, are not Acyphonae in my sense at all. Molophilus is a very well-defined form, existing in Europe and North America. The definition of Mesocyphona will require remodelling, as I have stated in the , Western Diptera“, p. 199. I have not seen any european species, belonging in it. The structure of the forceps of the male, which untergoes very considerable modifications among the Eriopterae, in the surest guide towards the discovery of affinities; subdivisions, established without the use of that character, are worthless. In the Monogr. Vol. IV, [ have given my reasons for abandoning Dr. Schiner’s arrangement of the Eriopterina. There is no reason tor separating Rhypholophus from his Dasyptera; and, being united, the former name must be adopted as the earliest. Zrichosticha Schiner is composed of the most heterogeneous elements: 7. maculata is an NOTES. 221 Acyphona; T. trivialis is a species which requires further study, and seems related to Trimitra; T. icterica has an altogether different orga- nisation and has been placed by Loew in his genus Lipsothrix (Beschr. Europ. Dipt., Vol. Ill, p. 68); Z. imbuta of which I had only a glimpse, seems to be an Hmpeda; the residue (T. fuscipennis, flavescens, taenio- nota) form the bulk of rioptera Meigen, Division A, and should therefore retain that name, even in the ultimate subdivision of the genus: they are my Hriopterae, sensu strictiori. These criticisms, will not, I hope, be considered disrespectful to those two writers, my seniors in Dipterology, and by far my superiors in the knowledge of most of its branches. ol. Symplecta punctipennis. Dr. Loew, in his Beschreibungen Europ. Dipteren Il, p. 54, observes that Meigen, in his earlier work: Klassification etc. called the same species hybrida, a name which he afterwards changed, without explaining the reason, in punctipennis. Loew therefore recommends the reinstatement of that name, as the earliest. But why should we not, on the same ground, revive the generic name Helobia St. Fargeau, which is older than Symplecta, and call the species Helobia hybrida? And as Symplecta punctipennis has been used in all the works and catalogues of diptera in existence for more than half a century, we would never get rid of it, but would have to keep both names in our memory for ever. For this reason, I do not share the opinion of my esteemed friend and correspondent. 32. Goniomyia. I am aware of the existence ot Goniomya Agassiz (Mollusca), but the derivation, at well as the termination of that name are different. 33. Limnophila humeralis Say. Journ. Acad. Phil. III, 22, 5; Compl. Wr. Il, 47. Wiedemann unites this species with ZL. tenwipes Say, apparently deriving his opinion from the comparison of original specimens. Nevertheless, Say does not seem to have been of the same opinion. In a MSS. note in his handwriting, which I found in a copy of Wiedemann’s Auss. Zw., which he had used, he refers L. tenwipes to L. gracilis Wied. The book is now in the library of the Academy of Natural Sciences in Philadelphia. (Compare also Monogr. ete 1V, p- 41.) A specimen in the Winthem collection in Vienna, which I take to be the type of the description of L. gracilis, in labelled tenuis W. 34. Anisomera. About the european species, compare Loew in the Zeitschr. f. Ges. Naturw. Vol. XXVI (1865). 35. Eriocera californica. In describing this species in the Western Diptera, I mentioned that Megistocera chilensis Philippi, was, to all appearances, likewise an Hriocera. But I have seen it since in Mr. Bigot’s collection; it is a Megistocera, that is a Tipulid and not a Limnobid. 36. Ptychoptera. The trophi of the larvae of this genus do not differ materially from those of the other Tipulidae; the characteristic dentate mentum is present. For this reason I am not inclined to follow Dr. Brauer in attaching to the fact, that the head of those larvae is not imbedded in the thoracie skin (as it is in other Tipulidae) such a 222 NOTES. radical importance, as to justify the separation of the group as a distinct family. (Compare Verh. Zool. Bot. Ges. 1869, p. 844.) ov. Ptychoptera metallica Walk. The specimen in the Brit. Mus. is a mere fragment. 08. Idioplasta. -In 1859 I had called this insect Protoplasa; in the Western Diptera, 1877, I adopted the more correct Protoplasta. Dut in the mean time, Protoplasta had been used in the Protozoa, so I prefer to give it up for Idioplasta. I. Fitchii. I was quite recently that, for the first time, I saw a specimen of this insect again, after those two which I described twenty years ago. The specimen is in Mr. von Roeder’s collection, in Hoym, Germany. It is a male, and has a forceps with very long branches. This proves that the specimens which I described and about the sex of which I was uncertain, were females. And it further proves that the female in this genus does not have the sabre-shaped, projecting ovipo- sitor, which is usual among the Tipulidae. Jdioplasta, in this respect, resembles Bittacomorpha, and differs from Ptychoptera. The specimen in question was taken in Georgia, by Mr. Morrison, a collector who has the faculty of ferreting out the rarest insects, whatever country he undertakes to explore. 39. Tipula. Compare the important remarks on the structure of the genitals of Zipula, in Loew’s Beschr. Europ. Diptern, Vol. UJI, p: 7—9. 40. Tipula nodulicornis. As to the synonymy of this species, I follow Mr. Schioedte’s authority, although I expressed some doubts about it in the Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist. Dec. 6. 1876. 41. Tipula casta Loew, Syn. cunctans Say. There is some error at the end of Say’s description, as the venation of a Tipula cannot well be like that of Limnobia (Geranomyia) rostrata, to which he apparently refers. This error prevented Dr. Loew from identifying Say’s description. 42. Mr. Walker’s Tipulae. After taking some notes from the types in the Brit. Mus. I hoped to establish the synonymy of some of Mr, Walker’s species with Dr. Loew’s. But upon comparing Mr. Walker’s descriptions with the specimens, I found that they did not agree with what I thought I had seen. So I quote such synonymies with a query. Tipula alterna Walk. I suspect the synonymy from a short note Imade in London in 1859; Mr. Walker’s description however renders it doubtful. 43. Tipula fuliginosa. Although this species is not rare, I have never seen the male yet. 44. Ctenophora. In the Proceedings Entom. Soc. Phil. May 1864, I published an article: Description of severil new North America Cte- nophorae; an unsatisfactory performance, because I attempted to work without sufficient material. 45. Ptilogyna fuliginosa Macquart (non Say) Dipt. Exot. I, 1, p. 46, 1; Tab. LI, f. 2, is omitted, because it is an australian, and not a north american, species. I have seen the original type of Macquart’s in Lille. It is a very well preserved female specimen, with pectinate s NOTES. 223 antennae, labelled North America. But I have also seen several specimens of the same species in Mr. Bigot’s collection in Paris, all from Australia. Macquart taking the species for north american, had erroneously iden- tified it with Ctenophora fuliginosa Say, which is a Tipula. Dr. Loew (Linn. Entom. V, p. 392) noticing this error, proposed to call this species Ptilogyna Macquartii. As it now appears that the species belongs to a different country, there is no reason for not calling it Ptilogyna fuliginosa Macquart, only striking out the quotation from Say. Ptilogyna picta Schiner, Novara, p. 38 from Sidney is the same species, as any one will perceive by comparing Dr. Schiner’s description, with Macquart’s figure. 46. Bolbomyia. The passage, quoted from Dr. Loew’s ,,Bernstein u. Bernsteinfauna‘ reads as follows: ,,A second genus, more or less related to Ruppelia, may be placed among the Xylophagidae, its somewhat aberrant venation notwithstanding I call it Bolbomyia and distinguish two species. Characteristic is the shape of the antennae; the third joint consists of four or five divisions, the first of which is much larger and swollen.‘ — The other passage, quoted from Silliman’s Journal, only contains a remark about the difficulty of placing this species in any of the adopted families. A passage of the same import is that in the Monographs, Vol. I. 47. Coenomyidae. I restore this family, adopted by most of the previous authors, but suppressed in Loew’s Monographs, Vol. I. It seems to me somewhat premature to unite it with the Xylophagidae. 47a. The name Sicus was first used by Scopoli (1763), for a species of Myopa. — Fabricius, in the Supplement to his Entomologia Systematica (1798), arbitrarily misapplied it to Coenomyia, but the latter name having been published two years earlier by Latreille, was main- tained. Latreille (Hist. Nat. des Crust. et des Ins. 1804), used the same name Sicws in a third, altogether different, sense, for the genus now called Tachydromia. As such, it appears on Meigen’s plate 23, in the third volume of his principal work. In the letterpress, Meigen rejects Sicus and maintains Tachydromia, introduced by himself in 1803. Latreille preserved the name Sicus (for Tachydromia) even in his last work, Familles Naturelles (1825) Finally, Dr. Schiner revived Sicws for the species, for which it was originally intended by Scopoli. 48. Arthropeas leptis n. sp. Brownish-gray, wings unicolorous. slightly tinged with pale brownish-yellow. Length 6—7 mm. Body brownish-gray, sparsely beset with minute yellowish, erect pile Thoracic dorsum brown, with two yellow lines, separating the three usual stirpes, the intermediate one of which is faintly geminate. Head dull grayish, but front and vertex brown, except a narrow gray margin along the orbit. Antennae blackish-brown. Legs brown, tibiae yello- wish-brown; coxae grayish. Wings unicolorous, slightly tinged with pale- brownish; stigma brownish-yellow. MHalteres yellow, with a brown knob. 224 NOTES. Hab. White Mts., N. H. (E. P. Austin; his labels were marked: woods“ and ,,alpine“). Three females, only one of which is well pre- served; the other is greazy; the third teneral, and for this reason of a uniformly reddish color. This remarkable insect looks like a Leptid with the antennae of Coenomyia. I refer it to the genus Arthropeas Loew, Stett. Zeit. 1850, with which it seems to agree in the generic characters. It differs from the figures given by Dr. Loew, in having the anal cell open, the discal narrower, the posterior cells 2, 3, 4 longer. The second posterior cell is very narrow at base and the upper branch of the third vein is not bisinuate. I cannot at present compare this species to A. americana, and cannot therefore tell whether the structure of the face is the same in both. In A. leptis two deep, diverging furrows, run from the base of the antennae to the oral edge, and divide the face in three portions. Besides A. sibirica, americana and leptis, a species of the same genus, A. nana, occurs in amber. The doubts of Dr. Loew about the syste- matic position of Arthropeas are revealed in the fact, that he refers it to the Coenomyidae in the Stett. Zeit. and to the Acanthomeridae in the pamphlet: Der Bernstein und die Bernsteinfauna, although both papers appeared in the same year 1850. The genus Coenwra Bigot, from Chili (Ann. Soc. Entomol. de France, 1857) is most closely allied to Avthropeas and has even, in the coloring of the species described a certain family resemblance to A. sibirica. In fact it remains to be shown yet, in what the difference between the two genera consists. 49. Beris. Compare Loew, Stett. Entom. Z. 1846, p. 219 sqq.: Bemerkungen iiber die Gatt. Beris. 50. Exaireta Schiner. There exist the following, similar names: Exaerete, Hymenopt. 1848; Exaeretus, Hemipt. 1864; Exaereta, Coleop- tera 1865. About the relation of Eaaireta to Diphysa Macq. compare Nowicky, Beitrag zur Kenntniss der Dipterenfauna Neuzeelands, Krakau, 1875, p. 12. 51. About Sargus and the allied genera, see Loew's essay in Verh. Zool. Bot. Verein 1855. A great deal remains to be done as yet for the classification of the exotic species of Sargina. I did not attempt to refer the species which I have not seen to the newly-formed genera to which they may belong, but left them in the genus Sargus in the old acceptation. 52. As there is an earlier Chrysonyia R. Desvoidy, 1830, I revived the name of Chloromyia l'uncan, in my Western Diptera, p. 212. Macquart himself acknowledged the priority of Chrysomyia Desvoidy ‘in Ann. Soc. Ent. 1847, p. 75. 53. Ptecticus. In Mr. Loew’s paper on Sargus, where this genus is introduced, it is always called Ptecticus; on the plate, it is called Plectiscus, and Gerstaecker (Entom Ber. 1855, p. 127) adopts the latter version. Mr. Loew told me that Ptecticus was the correct form. 54. Oxycera Compare on the european species a paper by Loew, in his Dipterol. Beitrage, I, p. 11 (1845). NOTES. 995 Also by the same: die europ. Arten d. Gatt. Oxycera, in the Berl. Ent. Z. Vol. I, p. 21. 55. The paper by Gerstaecker referred to here is entitled: Beitrag zur Kenntniss exotischer Stratiomyiden, and is an important contribution to the classification of this family. The name Euparyphus can stay, although there is a much earlier genus Hwparypha in the Mollusca, 1844. 56 Compare Loew, Odontomyia, in the Linnaea Entomologica, Vol. I, p. 467, a review of the european species. 57. OQdontomyia limbipennis. The label in Macquart’s handwriting in Mr. Bigot’s collection bears America, with a query; the query is omitted in the Dipt. Exot. I doubt that this isa north american species. 58. Compare Stratiomys by Loew, in Linn. Ent., Vol. 1, p. 462. Review of the european species. Also Gerstaecker, Linn. Ent. XI, p. 817, where some important remarks on exotic species will be found. 59. In Dr. Gerstaecker’s article on exotic Stratiomyidae (Linn. Ent. Vol. XI, 1857) the genus Cyphomyia is treated monographically and with great completeness. He enumerates twenty four species. A Synoptic List of the known Cyphomyiae is given by Bigot, Ann. Soc. Ent. 1875, p. 483. 60. Clitelleria. Compare Loew’s remarks about this genus and Ephippiwn, in his Beschr. Europ. Diptern, Vol. II], p. 73. 61. There is a Rondania Bigot (Essai d’une Classific. 1853, Tipu- lida), and a still earlier Rondania R. Desvoidy 1850, Muscida. 62. A monograph of the european species of Nemotelus is given by Loew, in the Linn. Ent., Vol. I. See also Loew, Beschr. Europ. Dipt. II, p. 44, obs. 2. 63. Compare Loew: Revision d. Europ. Pachygaster-Arten, in the Zeitschr. f. Ges. Naturw. Vol XXXY; 1870. 64. Compare: Osten Sacken, Prodrome of a Monograph of the Tabanidae of the United States (in the Memoirs of the Boston Society of Natural History, Vol. Il, 1876, p. 865—397 and p. 421—479; and a Supplement p. 555—560). 65. Pangonia. Compare: Notice sur le genre Pangonie, by Macquart, Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr. 1857, p. 429—438, Tab. XV; and Loew, Neue Dipt. Beitr. VI, p. 23; 1859 (european species). Macquart, 1. ¢. says that the genus Pangonia was established by Latreille, in the Dict. d’Hist. Naturelle of Déterville. I cannot now verify this quotation; ‘at any rate the publication cannot have been earlier than 1802, because the dictionary bears the dates of 1802—1804. 66. Silvius isabellinus Wiedemann, the type of which I have seen in the Berlin Museum, is not a Silvius, but a Pangonia. It looks like a very pale-colored Pangonia pigra and may be that very species. 67. About the european species of Cluirysops, compare: Loew, Verh. Zool. Bot. Ges. 1858, p. 613—634. The knowledge of this genus and the porper method for the discri- mination of the species date from this paper. Descriptions of earlier 18 226 NOTES writers, even those of the usually so accurate Wiedemann, are not to be relied on. I had an opportunity to convince myself of it, in Vienna. My examination of Wiedemann’s types was confined to Chrysops obsoletus, Wied., as the type of C.lugens must be in Copenhagen, that of plangens in Berlin, and C. flavidus and vittatus cannot be doubtful; C. fuliginosus, which should be in Vienna, I did not find. C. obsoletus is represented in Winthem’s collection by a single female, marked as a type. This specimen does not agree with Wiedemann’s own description, because he. compares the wings of obsoletus to those of C. laetus from Brazil, which species has both basal cells hyaline, while the typical specimen in question has the first basal cell brown and answers the description of my C. morosus. In Wiedemann’s collection there are three specimens; one of them bears a label in Wiedemann’s handwriting ,,obsoletus m.“; it agrees with the above-mentioned specimen in Winthem’s collection; so does the second specimen; but the third (evidently the one to which Wiedemann alludes in his description as a variety, received from Pennsylvania) is a different species, I think that which I described as wnivittatws Macq. In adjusting the nomenclature so as to bring it into agreement with these facts, we would only involve it into a hopeless contusion; and for this reason, it will be much preferable, I think, in this, as in other similar cases, to take the nomenclature of my Prodrome, however imperfect, as the basis for future work, and to let alone the older de- scriptions. This applies of course, a fortiori, to the descriptions of Macquart and Walker. 68. Chrysops obsoletus. Wiedemann’s description, as I have shown in the preceding note, agrees with my C. obsoletus, but disagrees with the typical specimens in his own collection. Furthermore, one of these types (mentioned in the description as a variety), belongs to a different species. For the reason stated in that note, I do not change the nomenclature of my Prodrome. 69. Chrysops quadrivittatus. I did not possess this species, when I published my Prodrome. [ found it since among the specimens from Dr. Heyden’s collecting in Nebraska, which years ago, I had communi- cated to Dr. Loew. 70. On the european species of Silvius, see Loew, Wien. Ent. Monatschr. 1&58, p. 350; see also this genus in the same author’s South African Fauna. 71. Silvius gigantulus. Mr. Loew mistook this species for a Chrysops and thus I overlooked it in preparing my Prodrome and de- scribed it again as Silvius trifolium. Mr. Loew’s name has of course, the priority, although it is somewhat unbecoming, since the species would have been gigantic for a Chrysops, but is not for a Silvius. 72. Tabanus carolinensis Macq. I have seen the types in the Jardin des Plantes. I do not know the species. 73. Tabanus flavocinctus Bell. is Tabanus zonalis; it cannot well come from Mexico. The specimen hal been received from the Museum in Paris, and an error of locality must have occurred. NOTES. 927 74. Tabanus nigropunctatus. This is a regular Therioplectes, the eyes are pubescent, and not glabrous, as mentioned in the Saggio ete. Wiedemann notices the ocelligerous tubercle! 75. Tabanus. Compare Loew, in the Verh. Zool. Bot. Ges. 1858, p. 573—612; a paper on the european species. I have taken great pains, in Paris and in Vienna, to verify my identifications of Macquart’s and Wiedemann’s descriptions of Jabanus and I have had the satisfaction of finding them justified in ‘all instances, with the single exception of 7. sulcifrons Macq. In examining Wiede- mann’s and Winthem’s collections in Vienna, great care should be taken to discriminate the true types, from specimens that are not types, even when labelled in Wiedemann’s own handwriting. I have explained in the Preface, some facts bearing on the distribution of the types in those collections. The types otf Wiedemann’s N. A. Tabani are now all in Winthem’s collection. The Tabani in Wiedemann’s collection are sometimes wrongly named. Thus 7. Reinwardtii is represented by three specimens, which are not that species at all; Wiedemann described a female with spotted wings; those three specimens are males and have immaculate wings. The true type is in Winthem’s collection. In the latter collection, there are likewise several wrongly named Tabani, of course, not types. JZ. zonalis is labelled TZ. flavipes Wied. with a query; the type of Wiedemann’s description is in Copenhagen. J’. fwsco- punctatus Macq. is labelled vartegatus Fab. etc. After having gone through the labor of examining so many types of earlier writers, I have become more than ever convinced of the necessity of basing our nomenclature on recognizable descriptions and not merely on typical specimens. And for this reason I have preferred to leave the nomenclature of my monograph, as much as possible, undisturbed, until another entomologist is in a position again to subject the whole genus to a thorough revision. 76. Tabanus abdom‘nalis Fabr. is represented in the Museum of the Jardin des Plantes by two specimens, both of which have the first posterior cell closed, thus confirming the view I took of the synonymy in my Prodrome. 77. Tabanus catenatus. As I suspected in my Monograph, 7, catenatus Walker is represented in the Brit. Mus. by specimens belonging to two different species; but it turns out upon examination of these specimens, that neither of them is my 7. catenatus. One of them is the pale-colored variety of 7. turbidus Wied., the other is 7. gigantews (lineatus F.). Thus 7. catenatus Walker must be cancelled; 7. recedens of the Brit. Mus. is my catenatus; but Walker's description (cinereus etc.) is not recognizable; my mention of it in Prodr. II, p. 434 was based upon a recollection, dating from my visit in the Museum in 1859. The species may remain as catenatus, 0. S. 78. Tabanus hirtioculatus. I have seen the original specimen in Mr. Bigot’s collection and do not doubt the correctness of the synonymy. 228 NOTES. Nevertheless, as Mr. Macquart’s description is very unsatisfactory, I prefer to retain the name which I gave to this species. 79. Tabanus cheliopterus Rondani. I have seen the original type of the description, preserved in the Royal Museum in Turin. It is a very much rubbed female specimen, which seems to belong to T. fronto. Of the white abdominal triangles, not a vestige is left, which explains their being omitted in the description. 80. Tabanus imitans Walker. (Syn. of 7. fuscopunctatus Macq.). In order to understand Walker’s description, it must be borne in mind that the 7. abdominalis, to whom he compares it, is not that species at all, but the same 7. fuscopunctatus Macq. 81. Tab2nus gracilis Wied. Wiedemann’s description was drawn from a single specimen, the hind legs of which were wanting. ‘There are two specimens in the Vienna Museum (Winthem collection), one of which answers this description. It is of the size and shape of my T. longus, but more reddish, the wings more tinged with brownish etc. The abdominal pattern is very much faded. It seems to be a species which I do not know, but which is closely allied to my longus. 82. Tabanus lineola Macq. Dipt. Exot. I, 1, 146, 49 must be some other species than lineola Fab. 83. Tabanus sulcifrons. The type, in Mr. Bigot’s collection, is my tectus. As the description is sufficiently recognizable, I admit the priority. Macquart has fulcifrons, which, of course, is a misprint. 84. Tabanus turbidus. The type, now in Winthem’s collection has very pale-colored wings. 85. Tabanus unicolor. The type in Mr. Bigot’s collection is an unrecognizable specimen, perhaps 7’. tener; however there is an earlier T. unicolor Wied. from Brazil. Mr. Rondani (Archivio ete. Canestr. III, fase. I, 1863) proposed to call the species 7. lateritiws, instead of unicolor; but the species, as a hopelessly doubtful one, be better cancelled. 86. Tabanus variegatus Fab. The type in Fabricius collection, from which Wiedemann’s description was drawn, being probably de- stroyed, this will remain a doubtful species. ‘ihe specimen in Winthem’s collection (not type) is T. fuscopunctatus Macq. It is very probable that my interpretation of Wiedemann’s description is the correct one. 87. Tabanus marginalis Fab. Wiedemann says: ,,Die Art phrase habe ich nach einem sehr schén erhaltenen Exemplare des Wiener Museums verbessert etc.“ I looked for this specimen in the general collection, in Vienna, but could not find it. In the Winthem collection a specimen labelled marginalis Fab. var. and marked as type, is my T. cerastes. It cannot well be the specimen described by Wiedemann, because he would have noticed the peculiar structure of the antennae (at present, these are broken in the specimen’. At any rate the 7. marginals of Fabricius is, and will remain a doubtful species, and be better dropped. 88. Tabanus quinguevittatus. In the Winthem collection (Vienna) there is a ¢ and a § (both marked as types), from Savannah, and not NOTES. 299 from Mexico. They look :xceedingly like costalis. Of T. costalis, the types in Wiedemann’s collection are very poor specimens, and for this reason, probably, his description is unrecognizable. 89. Tabanus fulvescens Walker. I have seen Walker’s type in the Brit. Mus.; it is Z. bicolor Wied. What I described as 7. fulvescens is very probably only a varicty of 7. bicolor, with gray, instead of yellowish pleurae. A similar variety occurs in 7. fulvulus. 90. Tabanus Craverii. May possibly be an Atylotws. The typical specimens, females, looked very much that way. 91. Mr. Loew (im litt.) proposes to divide in the Leptidae two sections: I. Psammorycterina, without facial swelling and with a strong spur on the front tibiae; genera: 1. Phenews, as the typical genus, closely allied to: 2. Psammorycter (Syn. Vermileo) ; 3. Triptotricha. II. Leptina, with a facial swelling, but without spur on the front tibiae; all the other gencra. About Leptidae compare also Frawenfeld, Verh. Zool. Bot. Ges. 1867, p. 495. 92. Leptis Servillei Guérin. I suspect this is nothing but Chr. ornata Say. But the femora are said to be brown? The figure however does not show it. 93. Atherix filia Walker; is either pwnctipennis Say, or plumbea Say. 94, Leptis cinerea Bell according to the description, cannot well belong to Leptis; compare antennae, shape of anal cell etc. [Loew, 7m litt.|. The type in Mr. Bellardi’s collection is, unfortunately, nearly destroyed only the thorax and wings are left. 95. Spania edeta; the specimen in the Brit. Mus. seems to be a real Spania, that is a Leptid with a stout, styliform arista. 96. Glutops. I am uncertain about the position of this extra- ordinary genus, but prefer this place to any other. 97. H. Loew’s Monograph: Ueber die KEuropaischen Raubfliegen (Diptera Asilica), in the Linn, Ent Vol. II, Ill, 1V: Suppl. in Vol. V, 1847—1851, laid the foundation to the systematic distribution of this family. This work was supplemented by him in numerous later publi- - cations, especially in the: Bemerkungen tiber die Familie der Asiliden, Berlin 1851, and Die Diptern-Fauna Siidafrica’s, Berlin 1860. About the exotic Asilidae, the following important papers by Dr. R. Schiner may be consulted : 1. Die Wiedcmannn’schen Asiliden (in the Verh. Zool. Bot. Ges. 1866, p. 649—722; Nachtrag, p. 845—848). The usefulness of this paper is somewhat impaired in consequence of the misappre- hension under which it was written, about the distribution of Wiedemann types between the so-called Wiedemann’s and the Winthem’s collections, now both in the Vienna Museum. I have explained the whole matter in the preface to this volume. Some curious mistakes have arisen in consequence, as for instance, in the case of Hrax aestuans (see my note 125). But Dr. Schiner’s paper is nevertheless rendered invaluable by a survey of all the 230 NOTES. genera of Asilidae (down to 1866) and the analytical tables for their determination, which it contains. 2. Neue oder wenig bekannte Asiliden des K. Zool. Hofcabinets in Wien (Verh. Zool. Bot. Ges. 1867, p. 355—412). Mr. van der Wulp published a paper, about the Asilidae of the Eastern Archipelago. [Tijdschr. v. Ent. Vol. XV, 1872.] 98. Gonypes nitidus. Macquart quotes Tab. XII, f. 7; the comparison however of this figure with the descriptions of G. nitidws and G. Au- dowinii in the letterpress shows, that the figure refers to this latter species. The name nitidus must be dropped, having been used before; the name G. gigas, engraved on the plate instead of G. Awdowinit, must likewise be erased. The passage in Loew, Linn. Entom, If, p. 395, proposing to adopt the name gigas for nitidws, was written before Mac- quart’s mistake in the quotation of the figure had been discovered, Schiner did well in proposing a new name for the species. [Communi- cated by Loew in litt.| Mr. van der Wulp makes the same correction in Tijdschr. v. Entom. 1876, p. 172. 99. Ceraturgus niger, of which I saw the type in the Jardin des Plantes, looked like a Taracticus rather than a Ceratwrgus. Ihave not examined it closely, but have had occasion to examine a similar, per- haps the same, species in the Berlin Museum, which is undoubtedly a Taracticus. 100. The Mus. Comp. Zool. possesses a number of specimens of a Microstylum, which is of the same size as M. moroswm, but which Dr. Loew, to whom I communicated a specimen, considers a different species, and calls M. pollens. It is less intensely black than morosum, antennae and legs are often reddish-brown, the bristles on the sides of the thoracic dorsum are yellowish-white etc. As I had no opportunity to make a thorough comparative study of both species, 1 merely draw the attention of collectors to it. M. pollens, like M. morosum, was taken at Dallas, Texas, by Mr. Boll. 101. Stenopogon ochraceus v. d. Wulp. ‘The closed fourth posterior cell makes this species a Scleropogon But if I understand Mr. v. d. Wulp’s letterpress, the front tibiae are armed with a spur. How can in this case the species be a Stenopogon? 102. There is an Archilestes Selys, Odonata 1862. 103. Dizcnias bicinctus Loew. Loew describes the male. Speci- mens often occur without any trace of the white abdominal crossbands; they may however have disappeared since the death of the specimen. The type of Dasypogon tristis Walker, which I have seen in the Brit, Mus. is such a specimen. The female of this species differs very considerably from the male and might easily be mistaken for a different species; I will therefore mention here that head, antennae, and thoracic dorsum are reddish- brown, and not black; the two abdominal crossbands yellow, and not white; legs brownish-red, more or less blackened* on the femora; wings brown; costal vein brownish-yellow. Both sexes were found flying tog- NOTES, 231 ether in the middle of May 1875 near Enterprise, Florida, by M. M. llubbard and Schwartz. Dr. Loew acknowledges that the description of Dasypogon quadri- maculatus Bellardi agrees with his Dizonias bicinctus. The only diffe- rence he finds, consists in the latter not having any white hairs on the front coxae, and having such hairs on the hypopygium. I have seen Mr. Bellardi’s type; is looks exactly like D. bicinctus. I have also seen specimens from the Southern States (in Mr. v. Roeder’s collection), which were certainly D. bicinctus, although they had some white hairs on the fore-coxae. I doubt therefore the importance of this character, and believe that the synonymy of those two names can be safely assumed. 104. Cyrtopogon. To the description of C. lyratus n. sp., I add a more complete one of Walker’s C. Lutatiws, and also an analytical table for determining the five species hitherto known from New England. Scutellum flat, with very few, indistinct hairs Lutatiws Walker 1. Scutellum convex, with distinct, long, erect hairs (2) Nie joint of the antennae red. . . . marginalis Loew *\ Third joint of the antennae black (3) ; tiie and tarsi altogether black . . . lyratus n. sp. ‘| Tibiae and tarsi more or less red or yellow /4) Tibiae red, the tip only black; the male 4 with two large black spots on the wings bimaculatws Walk. Tibiae red at the base only; the male without large black spots on the wings chrysopogon Loew. 105. Cyrtopogon Lutatius. Dusypogon Lutatius Walker, List, etc. II, p. 357. Female. Legs black, bristles on the tibiae whitish; mystax white; abdominal segments, except the first, with interrupted crossbands of white pollen near the hind margin; wings hyaline. Length: 7,5 mm. Front and face grayish pollinose, mystax white; antennae black. Thoracic dorsum clothed with a brown pollen, which forms the usual stripes; the humeral callosities and the sides of the dorsum are cover- ed with amore yellowish-gray pollen, which sometimes also extends more or less distinctly to the intervals between the dorsal stripes and the median line of the geminate stripe; a rather distinct, grayish-white spot on each side of the median geminate stripe, where the thoracic suture reaches it; scutellum rather flat, rugose, with but little hair; grayish-pollinose in the middle, black on the sides; pleurae grayish- pollinose; a shining black spot under the root of the wings; the fanlike fringe of hairs in front of the halteres seems to be mixed of whitish and black hairs. Halteres yellow. Abdomen of very nearly equal breadth (the seventh segment distinctly narrower), convex, black, moderately shining; with microscopic transverse rugosities; first segment with whitish- pollinose spots on the sides; segments 2—7 with crossbands of shite pollen posteriorly; interrupted on segments 2—5, subinterrupted, nearly entire, on segments 6—7; they touch the hind margin of the segments on the sides, but diverge from it a little in the middle; the sides of 239 NOTES, the abdomen, at the base, are clothed with white hairs; the surface of the abdomen is clothed with short, microscopic pile, which, in a certain light, appears golden-yellow. Legs black, tarsi more or less dark chestnut- brown; femora with the usual white hairs, tibiae with white bristles, the front pair with some black bristles on the underside. Wings hyaline; a grayish tinge on the distal half is hardly perceptible; venation normal. Hab. Massachusetts; Cayuga lake, New York (Mr. Comstock); Nova Scotia (Walk.). Two females. Cyrtopogon lyratus n. sp. 9. Legs, mystax and antennae altogether black; thoracic dorsum with a very distinct pattern in whitish pollen. Length: 13—14 mm. Female. Head black, densely grayish-pollinose on the face, slightly on the sides of the front; mystax altogether black; hairs on the occi- put black above, white below; antennae black, third joint but little lon- ger than the two preceding, taken together. The usual thoracic stripes are dark brown, the white or yellowish pollen in their intervals forms the following pattern: a median line, attenuated posteriorly; a figure in the shape of a tuning-fork, having the end of the handle in front of the scutellum, connected with the end of the median line; a broad stripe on each side between the humeral and the antescutellar callosities, atten- uated and abbreviated before reaching the latter; these lateral stripes are twice connected by pollinose crossbands with the branches of the tuning-fork, the second time, along the thoracic suture. Scutellum black, with black pile; grayish pollinose anteriorly. Pleurae grayish-pollinose, with a stripe of more dense silvery-gray pollen on the lower part; the fanlike fringe of hairs in front of the halteres is black. Abdomen black, shining, with a bluish reflection on the first five segments; each of these has a large spot of white pollen on each side, against the posterior margin; the sides of the abdomen are clothed with white hairs, which become gradually shorter posteriorly and do not reach beyond the fifth segment. Legs black; bristles on the tibiae black; femora with long white hairs on the underside; the last pair also on the upper side. near the base. Walteres reddish-yellow. Wings hyaline on their proxi- mal half, including the discal cell; the distal half has a slight grayish tinge; crossveins clouded with brown. Hab. Catskill Mountain-House, N.Y., July; White Mountains, N. H_ Three females. The altogether black legs; the strong contrast between the brown thoracic stripes and the whitish -pollinose intervals between them; the altogether black beard etc. will help to distinguish this species. 106. Deromyia Philippi. Verh. Zool. Bot. Ges. 1865, p. 705 is erroneously referred by Gerstaecker, Entom. Ber. 1867, p. 99, to Plesiomma Macq. It has a spur on the front tibiae and must be very closely allied to Diogmites, if not identical with it. Schiner (Die Wiedem. Asil., p. 653) refers it to Cyrtophrys Loew. 107. Dasy;ogon rufescens; the synonymy rests on the assumption NOTES. 233 (a very probable one), that Macquart overlooked the spurs on the front tibiae. 108. Diogmites umbrinus. I am not quite sure whether the speci- men of Dasyp. basalis Walker, in the Brit. Mus. belongs here or to Diogmites discolor. 109. Diogmites annulatus Bigot. This species does not belong to Senobasis Macq. from which it differs in the structure of the antennae and of the hypopygium. It may be placed provisionally in the genus Diogmites, however, as a separate section (Loew in litt.). 110. D. brunneus. Macquart’s synonymy is not to be relied on, as he evidently mixed up several species of Diogmites. 111. D. Duillius. The description seems to betray a Diogmites, nevertheless certain statements render this interpretation doubtful; hence the isolated position given to this species. (Loew in litt.) 112. Laphria lata. I have seen the type in Lille and have taken a note, which enabled me to determine a specimen from Louisiana in the. type-collection (now in the M. C. Z.). 113. Laphria Alcanor Walker, is the variety of LZ. thoracica which has the intermediate abdominal segments beset with yellow pile. 114. Laphria affinis Macq., the type of which I saw in Mr. Bigot’s collection, looks very much like ZL. thoracica in the variety with alto- gether black abdominal pile. The description speaks of white hairs about the head, which do not exist in Z. thoracica, but do not shake my belief in the synonymy. 11£ In the Banksian collection, preserved in the Brit. Mus and containing the types of Fabricius, there is an Asilus grossus, with the reference: Spec Ins. Nr. 1. The specimen bears a label America, and another label with the word type. This specimen is Laphria tergissa Say. In the Species Insectorum the locality is given simply as ,, America’; in the Syst. Antl. we find ,in America meridionali*, evidently a later and probably erroneous addition. In both works however, the , Museum Dom. Banks“ is quoted, as containing the type of the description. 116. Laphria analis Macq. Synonymy hardly doubtful, although Macquart says: ,,les cinq premiers segments & poils jaunes“. 117. Laphria flavibarbis Harris. The origina: type still exists in Dr. Harris’s collection, in Boston. I do not think that it differs from tergissa. At any rate there is an earlier L. flavibarbis, by Macquart. 118. Schiner (1. c. p. 709) places Laphria rubriventris Macq., L. formidoloza Walk. and xanthocnema Wied. in the genus Andrenosoma. He is wrong about rubriventris which is a Lampria. 119. The genera of the Asilina are tabulated by Loew in the Linnaea Entom. Ili, p. 402 and IV, p. 148; also later in the Diptern- Fauna Siidafrika’s, p. 148. Compare also Schiner, Fauna Austriaca, Diptera, I, p. 142. 120. Mallophora scopifer Wied. It seems probable that Macquart’s M. scopifer is not the same as Wiedemann’s. Schiner, Verh. Zool. Bot. Ges, 1866, p. 77, has a JL. scopifer Bell. non Wied. Cuba; which evi- dently means Macq. non Wied., as Bellardi has no JV. scopifer at all 234 NOTES. and never described any insects from Cuba. In the Diptera of the Novara Expedition, however, Schiner quotes Wiedemann’s and Mac- quart’s descriptions as synonymical. J follow Loew, in litt. and call the Cuban species M. Macquartii. Jaennicke has the same remark about the distinctness of the two species (Neue Ex. Dipt. p. 54). 121. There is another Trupanea (Promachus) apivora Walk., Trans, Ent. Soc. N. 8. V, p. 276, from Burmah, which has the same propens- ity for destroying bees. Mr. Walker’s name having the priority, I have named Dr, Fitch’s species P. Fitchii in the M. C Z. collection. 122. Promachus quadratus. Observe the misprint in Wiedemann’s diagnosis: ¢ for ¥; correctly given in his Dipt. exot. 123. Promachus fuscipennis. The identity of Macquart’s and Bellardi’s species scems doubtful. 124. Promachus quadratus Bell. If this species does not turn out to be a synonym of some other, the name will have to be changed, on account of P. quadratus Wied. a 125. Erax aestuans. I have seen Wiedemann’s type in the Win- them collection; it is the Hrax aestuwans of the Mus. Comp. Zool. Schi- ner’s statements (Verh. Zool. Bot Ges. 1866, p. 686) are based upon a misapprehension of the true type of Wiedemann, a misapprehension the source of which has been explained by me in the preface to this volume. Put although the question of Asilus aestwans Wiedemann is thus settled, the identity of this species with Asilus aestwans of Linné and Fabricius may still be called in doubt, as the descriptions of both authors speak of three white segments on the abdomen of the male, while A. aestuans Wied. has only two. Harris’s Ins. Inj. to Veget. 34 edit., Tab. I, f. 4, shows only two stripes. Compare also the note 128 126. Brax ambiguus, interruptus, argyrogaster, maculatus. Macquart’s types of these species, which I have seen in the Meseun in Lille and in Mr. Bigot’s collection, look very much alike. However, I did not compare them with the descriptions; the latter, which I have read since, show that argyrogaster has a large male hypopygium, ambiguus a re- markably small one for an Hrax. LH. maculatus, judging from the figure, has likewise a large hypopygium. For the species which I have seen from Texas I preferred the name of ambiguus, as the most certain; the hypopygium of the male, in this species, is remarkably small for an Hraw. I admit at the same time that the temale of this species looks exactly like the figure of the female of /. maculatus in Macq. D. Exot. 1, 2; Tab. IX, f 6. Schiner (Verh. Zool. Bot. Ges. 1867, p. 393) compares FE. maculatus to its next relative, E. striola, the specimens of both being from Brazil. 127. Asilus apicalis. Wiedemann’s type, a female, was in his collection, but is no more in it. See Schiner, ]. c. — Walker, List, ete. VII, p. 619, puts this species in the genus Erax, where indeed it may belong. 128. Erax lascivus. All that Schiner (Verh. Zool. Bot. Ges. 1866, p. 686, Nr. 63) says about this species, results from the misapprehension under which he was laboring. See my note 125. NOTES. 235 129. Eristicus is preoccupied by Wesmael, in the Ichneumonidae, 1845. 130. Proctacanthus fulviventris Macquart. The length is said to be four lines, an evident misprint for fowrteen, as appears from the comparison to rufiventris (Loew in litt.). 131. Asilus agrion. I have seen the original specimen in the Senckenberg Museum in Frankfort. It is nearly eaten up by Anthrenus, the abdomen being entirely gone, but it seems to be Proctacanthus Mil- bertii; compare however the description with the specimens of the latter. 132. Asilus is understood here in the wider sense, in order to in- clude the species of former euthors which I could not place anywhere else. 32. Asilus apicalis Bellardi. There is another -—_ or -o_ —_____ ABBREVIATIONS FOR REFERENCE OF LETTERS, &c. ASHE Ibe Sens fier Sock aoe) ea ae B. EVN Eee cts aa ewes Bn. OMEINH RY Gad. A en ee Br. ERGSHE STH okt es elec aes eS Bs. BROMINLS Ore ee Es Socem ERLOMWAN Sn GG) eo ted soe a hes: gs'G. USEING Hi Hee ee F. H. C. DAINGERFIELD, Miss______-__--__- Dd. OH IAS CREE ass ee D: VA I WY Ei ee oe ae Di. HIN DOR RM e ene a E. TUG ICHNIAGNS Hepes. Ore as Fn. (ONGG) TEEN BINGE ee e COU DHS GE ee rs ns oe ees GaG: Cat, Dee ene oa a ee ke T. G. Cint, HERBERT Al oles Se EG: GRIFFIN, Miss M. E.._-_-----_------ M. G. HOR A NOME NGS Yo a hee ee H. AIH OH ies os ees LE: ORG ONO il a ee Mn. MUIMIN Wise et Wiese ee ee eS M. Ae ES Uy ss ee ee ee R. Pe Oe ee ee ae CG. R. REDE WA ROBT one 2. B. ATOMEZIR. Mires ls --t225e 225 ca Sea Olay ie ee ot. A. Z. 8. iV sen T. 8. HMRI. Ol Wastin tise T. TURNER, Miss J. A. .-.------------ J.T. rea GeO Bi ee ee Sr SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS. 334 Lis? OF DESCRIBED SPECIES OF HUMMING BIRDS. BY DANIEL GIRAUD ELLIOT. REPRINTID FROM A SYNOPSIS OF THE TROCHILIDZ IN THE SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO KNOWLEDGE. WASHINGTON: SMELLS ONEAN INSTITUTION. LST 9: ADVERTISEMENT. The present List of Described Species of Humming Birds, has been reprinted with some changes from the Classification and Synopsis of the Trochilida by D. G. Elliot, published in the Smithsonian Contributions to Knowledge. Its object is to facilitate the labelling of the specimens of humming birds in the Museum of the Institution, as also to serve the purposes of a check-list of the species. SPENCER F. BAIRD, Secretary Smithsonian Institution. Wasuineton, May, 1879. ( iii ) Etsy h OF DESCRIBED SPECIES OF HUMMING-BIRDS. The page references refer to Elliot’s Synopsis of the Trochilide. 1. Eutoxeres, Rezchenbach 1. Eutoxeres aquila (Bouwrc.) 2. Kutoxeres heterura, Gould 3. Eutoxeres condamini (Bowrc.) 2. Rhamphodon, Lesson 4. Rhamphodon neevius (Dumont) 3. Androdon, Gould . 5. Androdon equatorialis, Gould 4. Glaucis, Boze : 6. Glaucis hirsuta ( G'mel.) 7. *Glaucis dorhni (Bowrc.) 8. Glaucis antoniz ( Bowrc.) 9. Glaucis leucurus ( L777.) 10. Glaucis cervinicauda (Gould) 11. Glaucis ruckeri (Bowrc.) 5. Doleromya, Bonaparte . 12. Doleromya fallax (Bouwrc.) 6. Pheoptila, Gould . 13. Pheoptila sbrdida, Gould ; ; ; ; : (ip) PAGE Oo Ww oo or IeT “1 PAGE ” Phathornis, Swanson. «© « jan di-k5 A) ae 14. Pheethornis bourcieri (Less.) 3 : Z . sya ale 15. Pheethornis philippi (Bourc.) z : ; ; veel 16. Phethornis yaruqui (Bouwrc.) ‘ ; : : ae te 17. Phethornis guyi ( Less.) : : : . . veel 18. Phethornis emiliz (Bowrc.) . : : ; ; aide lis 19. Phethornis augusti (Bowrc.) ; : : : 3 ee 20. Phethornis pretrii (Less.) . ‘ . ‘ : 0 he 21. Pheethornis superciliosus (Linn.) . : : : ns 22. Phethornis longirostris (Less.) — . : . : «de 23. Pheethornis hispidus (Gould) . : : ; “ae 24. Pheethornis syrmatophorus, Gowld : : : > 5 25. Phethornis anthophilus (Bouwrc.) . : : : . AG 26. Pheethornis euvrynome ( Less.) : : : . - eae 27. Pheethornis squalidus (Temm.) . : : : » Aa 28. Pheethornis longuemareus ( Less.) . : : : feels 29. Phethornis adolphi, Gould . : : : . wees 30. Pheethornis griseigularis, Gould . : ; 3 oe IS 31. Phethornis striigularis, Gould. A : : ra eg 32. Pheethornis idalie (Bourc. and Muls.) 2 2 a tee 33. Phethornis pygmeus (Sprw.) ; : i ‘ -_ 20 34. Pheethornis episcopus, Gould : : : : aueau 35. Pheethornis nigricinctus, Lawr . : ; : Sead 8. Eupetomena, Gould : 9] 36. Eupetomena macroura (4G'mel.) 21 37. Eupetomena hirundo, Gould | 22 9. Sphenoproctus, Cabanis and Heine 22 38. Sphenoproctus pampa ( Less.) 23 39. Sphenoproctus curvipennis (Lzcht.) 23 10. Campylopterus, Swainson 8 23 40. Campylopterus largipennis (Bou) ‘ : 7 - 24 41. Campylopterus obscurus, Gould . 2 42. Campylopterus rufus, Less. . : 43. *Campylopterus hyperythrus, Caban. . 44. Campylopterus lazulus (Bonnatt.) 45. Campylopterus hemileucurus (Lcht.) . to Or Dr Or Ww bh bb po tb aos 46. Campylopterus ensipennis (Swazns.) 6 47. Campylopterus villavicencio (Bowrc.) . : : : 7 48. Campylopterus phainopeplus, Saluzn, Ibis (1879), p. 202. 49. Campylopterus cuvieri (Delattr.) . ‘ 2 ete 50. Campylopterus roberti (Salvzn) 28 11. Aphantochroa, Gould 51. *Aphantochroa gularis, Glould 52. Aphantochroa cirrochloris ( Vedil.) 53. Aphantochroa hyposticta, Glowld . 12. oo Lesson . 54. Celigena clemencize, Less. 55. Cvxligena henrici ( Less.) 56. Celigena viridipallens (Bourc. and Muls.) : 57. Celigena hemileuca (Salvin) 13. Lamprolema, Reichenbach . 58. Lamprolema rhami ( Less.) 14. Oreopyra, Gould 59. Oreopyra calolema, Salvin . 60. Oreopyra leucaspis, Gould 61. Oreopyra cinereicauda, Lawr. 15. Oreotrochilus, Gould 62. Oreotrochilus pichincha (Bourc. and Muls.) 63. Oreotrochilus chimborazo (Delattr.) 64. Oreotrochilus estelle (D’ Orb. and Lafr.) 65. Oreotrochilus leucopleurus, Glould 66. Oreotrochilus melanogaster, Gould 67. Oreotrochilus adele (D’ Orb. and Lafr.) 16. Lampornis, Swacnson Sate: 68. Lampornis violicauda (Bodd.) 69. Lampornis mango ( Linn.) . Lampornis prevosti ( Less.) . Lampornis viridis (Aud. and V7eill.) 2. Lampornis veraguensis, Gould . Lampornis gramineus (G'mel.) . Lampornis calosoma, Ellzot . 5. Lampornis dominicus ( Linn.) -1 = © > -1 =-7T -T +1 -!I Ww bo or 17, Ealampis, Boze 76. Eulampis holosericeus (L7nn.) 77. Eulampis jugularis (Lznn.) PAGE 23 28 29 29 29 30 PAGE 18, Lafresnaya, Bonaparte 5 5 Sell alah Ae yale Waa as ae 78. Lafresnaya flavicaudata (Fraser) : : : . 44 79. Lafresnaya gayi (Bourc. and Muls.) . : : . 44 19. Chalybura, Rezchenbach . ; ; P : ; of 80. Chalybura buffoni (Less.) — . : : : . haa 81. *Chalybura urochrysea, Gould. ; : : aaa 82. Chalybura isaure (Gould) . : : ; : Aa 83. Chalybura melanorrhoa, Saluzn . : P ; ea 84. Chalybura ceruleiventris (Rezchenb.) . : . apr 90. Florisusa; Bonaparte’ 7 so) Wl ck | kk ee 85. Florisuga mellivora (Zznn.) . : 2 : : oe ae 86. Florisuga fusca ( Vzezil.) ; 3 : ; : a? aS 21. Petasophora, Gray << 2 2. Sie iste lee oe ne 87. Petasophora anais (Less.) . : : ‘ : 50 88. Petasophora thalassina (Swazns.) Sears 51 89. Petasophora cyanotis (Bowre.) . : ; : aul oe 90. Petasophora corruscans, Gould. : . : =) aol 91. Petasophora rubrigularis, Hlzot . : : : om 92. Petasophora serrirostris (Vzezll.) . . : d = hoe 93. Petasophora delphine (Less.) : ; ; ; Oe 22. Panoplites, Gould pet baie nian! etki Nae Saree : 94. Panoplites jardini (Bouwrc.) . : . ; : = OB 95. Panoplites flavescens (Lodd.) : : ; ; 2 ly 52 96. Panoplites mathewsi (Bowrc.) —. ; : : . 54 23, Pheolema; Recchenbach 0.00) «041. 0 he ot I ees 97. Pheeoleema rubinoides (Bourec.) . : : : OO 98. Phxolema equatorialis, Gould . ; : : 5 enon 24. Clytolema, Gould > SoS See hee ei Cae Reams 99. Clytolema rubinea (G'mel.) . ; ; . : i. Poe 100. Clytolema aurescens, Gould : . 7 : ne est 25. Ioleema, Reichenbach . ; : a Se ee oe ee 101. *Iolema luminosa ; : : A _ : ae 102. Tolema schreibersi (Bourc.) . : : ; ; d8 103. Tolema frontalis, Lawr. . : } * ; eo) 104. *Iolema whitelyana, Gould : . é : diy cnet 26. 27. 28. 29. 30. 3l. 382. 33. 34. 30. 36. Sternoclyta, Gould , 105. Sternoclyta cyaneipectus, Gould Eugenes, Gowld . 106. Eugenes fulgens (Swazns.) . 107. Eugenes spectabilis: (Lawr.) Urochroa, Gould . 108. Urochroa bougueri (Bouwre.) Eugenia, Gould 109. Eugenia imperatrix, Gould Lampraster, Taczanowski 110. *Lampraster branicki, Taczan. Heliodoxa, Gould . 111. Heliodoxa jacula, Gould 112. Heliodoxa jamesoni (Bowrc.) 113. Heliodoxa leadbeateri (Bourc.) . Pterophanes, G'owld ; 114. Pterophanes temminckii (Boiss. ) Patagona, Gray 115. Patagona gigas ( Veevil.) Docimastes, Gould 116. Docimastes ensiferus ( Bozss.) Diphlogena, Gould 117. Diphlogeena iris (Gould) -118. Diphlogzna hesperus, Giould Helianthea, Gould , 119. Helianthea isaacsoni (Parzud.) 120. Helianthea typica (Less.) 121. Helianthea bonapartii (Bozss.) 122. Helianthea eos, Gould 123. Helianthea lutitiz (Delattr. and Beare) 124, Helianthea violifera (Gould) PAGE 59 60 60 60 61 a Newer =-T =T =7T =7T =-7T =2 =7 Ww. Oo 125. 126. Helianthea osculans, Gould Helianthea dichroura, 7’aczan. 87. Bourcieria, Bonaparte . 127. 128. 129. 130. Vk. 132. 133. 134. 13d: 136. 137. 138. 139. Bourcieria inca, Gould Bourcieria conradi (Bowrc.) Bourcieria insectivora (7schudz.) Bourcieria fulgidigula, Gould Bourcieria torquata (Bozss.) ; Bourcieria traviesi (Muls. and Verr.) . Bourcieria wilsoni (Delattr. and Bourc.) *Bourcieria purpurea (Gould) Bourcieria assimilis ( H/lcot) Bourcieria prunelli (Bourc. and Muls.) Bourcieria celigena (Less.) Bourcieria columbiana (Elzot) Bourcieria boliviana (G'ould) 38. Hemistephania, Rezchenbach 140. 141. 142. * 148. 144. Hemistephania johanne (Bowre.) Hemistephania ludovicie (Boure. and Muls. ) Hemistephania rectirostris (Gould) Hemistephania euphrosine (Muls. and Verr.) Hemistephania veraguensis (Salv.) 39. Floricola, Hllzot 145. 146. 147. 148. Floricola longirostris ( Vzezll.) Floricola albicrissa (G'ould) Floricola constanti (Delattr.) Floricola leocadix (Bowrc.) 40. Lepidolarynx, Rezchenbach . 149. Lepidolarynx mesoleucus ( Temm.) 41. Heliomaster, Bonaparte 150. Heliomaster furcifer (Shaw) 42, Heliotrypha, Gould eile 152. 153, Heliotrypha viola, Glould Heliotrypha exortis ( Fras.) Heliotrypha micrastur (Gould) . 154, Heliotrypha barrali, Muls. and Verr. aA oo Oo -~I -I @ = ey alee =) =) ale) ef al oot oOo OS WO WO -T -T 0 0 © © a 81 86 86 86 87 87 88 88 43, Squveneee Gould 155. 156. IW 158. 159. Heliangelus clarissee (DeLong) Heliangelus strophianus (Gould) Heliangelus spencei (Bouwre.) Heliangelus amethysticollis (D’ Orb. Me Lafr.) Heliangelus mavors, Gould 44, Urosticte, Gould 160. 161. Urosticte ruficrissa, Lawr. . Urosticte benjamini (Bourc.) 45. Eustephanus, Re:chenbach 162. 163. 164. Eustephanus galeritus (Jol.) Eustephanus fernandensis (A7vng) Eustephanus leyboldi, Gould 46. Topaza, Gray 165. 166. Topaza pella (Linn.) . Topaza pyra, Gould 47, Aithurus, Cabanis and Heine 167. Aithurus polytmus (Lznn.) 48. Hylonympha, Gould 168. Hylonympha macrocerca, Gould 49. Thalurania, Gould 169. 170. Hetil 172. 173. 74. 175. 176. ihe 178. Las Thalurania glancopis (G'mel.) Thalurania columbica (Boure. and ite ies Thalurania furcata (G‘mel.) Thalurania furcatoides, Gould Thalurania nigrofasciata (Gould) *Thalurania jelskii, Taczan. *Thalurania watertoni (Bourc.) . Thalurania refulgens, Gould Thalurania eriphile (Less.) . Thalurania hypochlora, Gould Thalurania bicolor (G'mel.) . 50. Mellisrga, Brisson : ; : 180. Mellisuga minima (Linn.) . i . PAGE 89 89 90 90 oO uv 91 97 ii 98 99 99 99 100 100 101 101 101 101 102 102 103 103 51. 52. 53. 54. 55. 56. 57. 58. 59. 60. Microchera, Gould 181. Microchera albocoronata (Lawr.) 182. Microchera parvirostris, Lawr. . Trochilus, Linneeus 183. Trochilus colubris, Lenn. 184. Trochilus alexandri, Bourc. and Mita Calypte, Gould : 185. Calypte coste (Bowrc.) 186. Calypte anne (Less.) . 187. Calypte helenze (Lemb.) Selasphorus, Swaznson . : 188. *Selasphorus floresii, Gould 189. Selasphorus platycercus (Swazns.) 190. Selasphorus ardens, Salucn 191. Selasphorus flammula, Salvin 192. Selasphorus rufus (G’mel.) . 193. Selasphorus scintilla, Glould 194. Selasphorus henshawi, Hilzot 195. Selasphorus torridus, Salvin Catharma, Hilcot ; 196. Catharma orthura (Less.) Atthis, Recchenbach , 197. Atthis heloiss (Less.) . 198. Atthis ellioti, Redgw. Stellula, Gould 199. Stellula calliope, Gould Rhodopis, Rezchenbach . 200. Rhodopis vesper (Less.) 201. *Rhodopis atacamensis, Leyb. Heliactin, Boze ; 202. Heliactin cornuta (J/aw.) Calothorax, Gray 203. Calothorax pulchra, Gould 204. Calothorax lucifer, Swazns. PAGE 104 104 104 105 105 106 106 107 107 108 108 109 109 110 110 110 lll 111 112 112 112 113 113 114 114 Lid 115 115 116 116 116 117 118 118 PAGE 61. Acestrura, Giowld . 4 3 3 Shh Man we, , Se LES 205. Acestrura mulsanti (Bowre.) . g 3 ; 119 206. *Acestrura decorata (Gould). ‘ ; ‘ EL 207. Acestrura heliodori (Boure.) — . : ; ‘ -- 120 208. *Acestrura micrura (Gould). : : : . 120 62. Cheetocercus, Gray : : ‘ , : : S20 209. Chetocercus jourdani (Bowre.) . : : : ree lo 210. Cheetocercus rose (Boure. and Muls.) ‘ : se La 211. Chetocercus bombus, Gould 122 63. Thaumastura, Bonaparte : 122 212. Thaumastura cora (Less. and G'arn.) 123 64. Doricha, Reichenbach 123 213. Doricha enicura (V7ezil.) ; 124 214. Doricha elize (Less. and Delattr.) 215. Doricha bryante, Lawr. . : ; : a 216. Doricha evelynz (Bowrc.) 217. Doricha lyrura, Gould _ o or or or . a et ee wNonwnwwbytpy wp Gon Myris, Kecchenbach =" 48:13) Bowe ate as Me, 196 218. Myrtis fanny (Less.) . : : : : . 12 219. Myrtis yarrelli (Bowre.) . —. ee : ev 127 6G. Tilmatura, Recchenbach . . . . . ~~... 1298 220. Tilmatura duponti (Less.) . eee a e128 Besamarasdochrysis, Gould .- i625 Shoes) 4s 129 221. Smaragdochrysis iridescens, Gould . : : . 129 68. Ptochoptera, Liizot Z ; 3 ; : ‘ cP 129 222. *Ptochoptera iolema (Pelz.) . sii ee . - 130 MU DUANMLORGUHDIe: isu ee Lowe ere a Fah ak. ESO 223. Calliphlox amethystina (G'mel.) . g 7 : “7 tS0 224. Calliphlox mitchelli (Bouwrc.) . : : : 13h 70. Lophornis, Lesson ee es Pct) | a. Aes eee ent 225. Lophornis stictolophus, Salv. and Elliot . : at) 133 226. Lophornis delattrii, Less. . 2 , : ‘ oe hoc 227. Lophornis regulus, Gould . 3 : ; ‘ . 133 7 — 72. 73. 74. 75. 76. dds 10 228. Lophornis ornatus ( Bodd.) 229. Lophornis gouldi (Less.) 230. Lophornis magnificus ( Vezil.) 231. Lophornis helene (Delattr.) 232. Lophornis adorabilis, Salvin 233. Lophornis verreauxi (Bowrc.) 234. Lophornis chalybea ( Vzezll.) Gouldia, Bonaparte 235. Gouldia popelairii (DuBus.) 236. Gouldia langsdorffi (Bourc. and Flents 237. Gouldia conversi (Boure. and Muls.) . 238. Gouldia leetitize (bBourc.) Discura, Reichenbach 239. Discura longicauda (G'mel.) Steganura, Reichenbach . 240. Steganura underwoodi ( Less.) 241. Steganura melananthera, Jard. . 242. Steganura solstitialis, Gould 243. Steganura peruana, Gould « 244. Steganura addee (Bowrc.) 245. *Steganura cissiura (G‘ould) Loddigesia, Gould : 246. *Loddigesia mirabilis (Bourc.) Lesbia, Lesson 247. Lesbia gouldi (Lod) ; 5 248. Lesbia nuna (Less.) 249. Lesbia eucharis (Boure.) . ° : 250. Lesbia amaryllis (Boure.) . Zodalia, Mulsant . 251. *Zodalia ortoni (Lawr.) 252. *Zodalia glyceria (Bonap.) Cynanthus, Swarnson 253. Cynanthus forficatus (Linn. ) 254. Cynanthus mocoa (Delattr. and Boure.) . PAGE 134 134 135 135 135 136 136 137 138 138 139 139 140 140 141 142 142 142 143 143 144 144 145 145 146 147 147 148 149 149 150 150 Ey 78. Sappho, Rezchenbach 255. Sappho sparganura (Shaw) 256. Sappho phaon (Gould) 257. *Sappho caroli (Bowre.) 79. Oxypogon, Gould . 258. Oxypogon lindeni (Parzud.) 259. Oxypogon guerini (Bozss.) . 80. Oreonympha, Gould 260. Oreonympha nobilis, Gould 81. Rhamphomicron, Bonaparte 261. Rhamphomicron olivaceus, Lawr. 262. Rhamphomicron heteropogon (Bozss.) , 263. Rhamphomicron herrani (Delattr. and Bourc.) . 264. Rhamphomicron stanleyi (Boure. and Mauls.) 265. Rhamphomicron ruficeps ( Growd) 266. Rhamphomicron microrhynchum (Bozss.) 82. Avocettinus, Bonaparte ‘ 267. Avocettinus eurypterus (Lodd.) . 83. Avocettula, Rezchenbach 268. Avocettula recurvirostris (Swazns.) 84. Metallura, Gould . 269. Metallura opaca (Licht.) 270. Metallura jelski, Caban. 271. *Metallura chloropogon (Caban. and er) 272. Metallura eupogon, Caban. 273. Metallura eneicauda (Gould) 274. Metallura primolina, Boure. , 275. Metallura williami (Bouwrc. and Delattr. ee 276. Metallura tyrianthina (Lodd.) 277. Metallura smaragdinicollis (D’ Orb. and Bape aes 85. Chrysuronia, Bonaparte Pees 278. Chrysuronia humboldti (Boure. and Muls.) 279. Chrysuronia enone (Less.) . 280. Chrysuronia josephine (DBouwre. ae Mien 281. Chrysuronia elicix (Bouwrc. and Muls.) 282. Chrysuronia chrysura ( Less.) 162 162 163 163 164 164 164 165 165 165 166 166 167 168 168 169 169 169 PAGE 86: Augastes, Gould . «2 7 2%. v1) ee, ei 283. Augastes lumachellus (Zess.) — . : : d ~ ela 284. Augastes superbus ( Vzezil.) ; : : : soe ft 87. Phlogophilus, Gowld . . Sepia) ws ie cemeeeRe 285. Phlogophilus hemileucurus, Gould ‘ : ; oar he 88. Schistes, Gowld . . i alg? ce bik tt Oe Peete lie 286. Schistes personatus, Gould . : ; : pees 287. Schistes geoffroyi (Bourc. and Muls.) ‘ : « “Lis 89. Heliothrix, Boze Aunt 1 288. Heliothrix auritus (G'mel.) : d : a eal 289. Heliothrix auriculatus (Licht.) . : ; : - of 290. Heliothrix barroti (Bourc.) i! 90. Chrysolampis, Bore. ‘ } f : : ; oh alii 291. Chrysolampis moschitus (Linn.) : ; ; 2) AAG 91. Bellona, ulsant and Verreaux . . , A z .ene 292. Bellona cristata (Lann.) .. . : ; : Pols 293. Bellona exilis (G'mel.) : : , : ; . 179 92. Cephalolepis, Loddzges : ; ; . : : od llinG 294, Cephalolepis delalandi (Vzezil.) . : ; : », 180 295. Cephalolepis loddigesi (Giowld) . 3 ; : . 80 93. Adelomyia, Bonaparte : : ; ; . : > Let 296. Adelomyia cervina, Gould . ? : ; : . weil 297. Adelomyia inornata, Gould : : : Q oe 298. Adelomyia chlorospila, Gowld . . 3 ~ 182 299. Adelomyia melanogenys (Fraser) . : : . 182 94. Anthocephala, Cabanis and Heine. : : - . 83 300. *Anthocephala floriceps (Gould) s : : odes 95. Abeillia, Bonaparte. : F : d : . 183 301. Abeillia typica (Bonap.) . ; : ; 2 . 184 96. Klais, Re‘chenbach : ‘ : ; i ; ‘ . 184 302. Klais guimeti (Bourc. and Muls.) . c $ . 184 13 PAGE 97. Aglwactis, Gould. . . . . “Sil eipniewils! ANLSD 303. Agleactis cupripennis (Boure. and Muls. : . 186 304. Agleactis caumatonota, Gould . eee : . 186 305. Agleactis castelnaudi (Boure. and Muls.) . : aeol 306. Aglexactis pamela (D’ Orb. and Lafr.) : : ad Se epriocnemis, hezchenbach .°. . > «~~ 188 307. Eriocnemis derbiana (Delattr. and Bourc.) s . 189 308. Eriocnemis assimilis, H//¢ot : : : 7 kee 309. Eriocnemis aurelie (Bourc. and Mus.) q : eA) 310. Eriocnemis squamata, Gould. 3 b 3 . 190 311. Eriocnemis lugens (Gould) . , ; : ‘ a. L9G 312. Eriocnemis aline (Bowrc.) . : : =, Loe 313. Eriocnemis mosquera (Boure. and Delain: ) : pen 314. *Eriocnemis glaucopoides (D’Orb. and Lafr.) . se LOM 315. Eriocnemis luciani (Bourc.) ; : : : eZ 316. Eriocnemis cupreiventris (Fraser). : : eS? 317. *Eriocnemis sapphiropygia, Taczan. . : 2 a 198 318. Eriocnemis chrysorama, Elliot . : ; : cheehos 319. Eriocnemis godini (Bouwrc.) : : : ; -2 293 320. Eriocnemis vestita (Longuem.) . ‘ : : . 193 321. Eriocnemis smaragdinipectus, Gould . ; : 2 se: 322. Eriocnemis nigrivestis (Bouwre.) . : : : . 194 323. Eriocnemis dyselius, Hilcot . : 2 Spo teens hoe 99. Panterpe, Cabanis and Heine. : ; ‘ : = 95 324, Panterpe insignis, Cab. and Hein. . : 2 ss 100. Uranomitra, Reichenbach. . . . «. «. =. 195 325. Uranomitra quadricolor ( V7e7ll.) : ; z Se eT 326. Uranomitra violiceps (Gould) . . : ‘ 2 L9G 327. Uranomitra viridifrons, Hilzot . 3 : : LOT 328. Uranomitra eyanocephala (Less.) . : : Son 329. Uranomitra microrhyncha, Hilliot — . ; - me od 330. Uranomitra francie (Boure. and Muls.) . ; oe Oe 331. *Uranomitra cyanicollis (Gould). : : , alge 101. Leucippus, Bonaparte Saha) hans i's) hd seco hOs 332. Leucippus chionogaster (Tschudi) . : ; . 199 333. Leucippus chlorocercus, Gould : : : “1, 199 102. Leucochloris, Rezchenbach . , : ; : ; . 200 334. Leucochloris albicollis ( V7ez/l.) 2 ‘ ‘ . 200 14 103. Agyrtria, Recchenbach - 335. Agyrtria niveipectus Caban. and Hein. 336. Agyrtria leucogaster (G'mel.) 337. Agyrtria viridiceps (Gould) 338. Agyrtria milleri (Bowrc.) . : 339. Agyrtria candida (Bourc. and Muls.) 340. *Agyrtria norrisii (Boure.) 341. Agyrtria brevirostris (Less.) 342. *Agyrtria compsa, Hezne . 343. *Agyrtria neglecta, Hilot 344. Agyrtria bartletti (Gould) 345. *Agyrtria nitidifrons (Gould) . 346. *Agyrtria coeruleiceps (Gould) 347. Agyrtria tephrocephala ( Vez/l.) 348. Agyrtria tobaci (G'mel.) 349. Agyrtria fluviatilis (Gould) 350. Agyrtria apicalis (Gould) 351. *Agyrtria maculicauda (Gould) 352. *Agyrtria lucie (Lawr.) 353. Agyrtria nigricauda, Hilzot 354. Agyrtria nitidicauda, Hilzot 104. Arinia, Mulsant . 355. *Arinia boucardi, Muls. 105. Elvira, Wulsant and Verreaux 356. Elvira cupreiceps (Lawr.) 357. Elvira chionura (Gould) 106. Callipharus, Hl/ot 358. Callipharus nigriventris (Lawr.) 107. Eupherusa, G‘owld 359. Eupherusa poliocerca, Hilvot 360. Kupherusa eximia (Delattr.) 361. Eupherusa egregia, Scl. and Salv. 108. Polytmus, Bresson : 362. Polytmus thaumantias (Lenn.) . 363. Polytmus viridissimus ( Vez.) . 364. Polytmus leucorrhous, Scl. and Salv. \ PAGE 201 202 202 203 203 203 204 204 204 205 205 205 206 206 206 207 207 207 208 208 208 209 209 210 210 210 bo bo bo Se wp we 213 213 214 214 215 15 109, Amazilia, Lesson 3605. 366. 367. 368. 369. 370. 371. 372. 373. 374. 375. 376. 377. 378. 379. 380. 381. 382. 383. 384. 385. 386. 387. 388. Am~azilia pristina, Gould . Amazilia leucophea, Retchenb. Amazilia alticola, Gould . Amazilia dumerili (Less.) . Amazilia cinnamomea ( Less.) *Amazilia graysoni, Lawr. Amazilia yucatanensis (Cabot) . Amazilia fuscicaudata (Fraser) Amazilia viridiventris (Rezchenb.) *Amazilia ocai, Gould Amazilia beryllina (Licht.) Amazilia edwardi (Delattr.) Amazilia niveiventris (Gould) . Amazilia mariz (Bourc.) . *Amazilia cyanura, Gould *Amazilia iodura (Saucer.) Amazilia Incida, Hilzot Amazilia erythronota (Less.) Amazilia feliciz (Less.) : Amazilia sophie (Bourc. and Muls.) Amazilia warszewiczi (Caban. and Hein.) Amazilia saucerottii (Bourc. and Delattr.) Amazilia cyanifrons (Bowrc.) *Amazilia elegans (Gould) 110. Basilinna, Bove 389. 390. Basilinna leucotis ( Vze7ll.) Basilinna xantusi (Law7r.) 111. Eucephala, Rezchenbach 391. 392. 393. 394. 395. 396. 397. 398. 399. Eucephala grayi {Delattr. and Bourc.) *Kucephala smaragdo-cerulea, Glould *Kucephala ceruleo-lavata, Gould *Kucephala scapulata, Gould *Kucephala hypocyanea, Gould Eucephala subcerulea, Hillcot Eucephala cerulea ( Veezil.) *Kucephala chlorocephala (Bouwre.) . *Kucephala cyanogenys 112. Timolia, Mulsant 400. Timolia lerchi (Muls. and Vern) wo NWR RK FE CO Go oO pS NNONNNNNNN HWY WH DYDD bd Ps NOWNnNNWw WwW WW Hh dD hb bh bd bs bo Or or or ww co bm pw wo mw wp a -~I -!I mower b ro wWwmwmwmw wr rv © Oo MH -=! 16 PAGE 113. Juliamyia, Bonaparte olay ale ae TD ea ean mee AOL. Juliamyia typica, Bonap.. : : . : of Zoo 402. Juliamyia feliciana (Less.) ; : ; : . 233 114. Damophila, Rezchenbach . : : : ; ; - 233 403. Damophila amabilis (Gould) . : : : . 234 115. Iache, Eilzot . : : é : ; : : : s aioe 404. Iache latirostris (Swazns.) ; : : ; 2 gee A405. Iache magica (Duls. and Verr.) ; : : < paew 406. Iache doubledayi (Bourc.) : : ; : 235 116. Hylocharis; Bove... Lee Ri eae ees 407. Hylocharis lactea (Less.) . ‘ : : : . 236 408. Hylocharis sapphirina (G‘mel.) . : : 2 . 236 409. Hylocharis cyanea (Veedll.) —. : : a, on DoH 117. Cyanophaia, Recchenbach . ; : : : : eae 410. Cyanophaia ceruleigularis (Gould) . : : . 238 411. Cyanophaia goudoti (Bowrc.) . ; : : . 239 412. *Cyanophaia luminosa (Lawr.) : : : - 239 118. Sporadinus, Bonaparte 3 : ; é . : . 240 413. *Sporadinus bracei, Lawr. : . : : . 240 414. Sporadinus elegans (Veezll.) —. : : : . 241 415. Sporadinus riccordi (Gerv.) —. : : : . 2al 416. Sporadinus maugei (Vedll.) . : ; ; . 242 119. Chlorostilbon, Gould . ; F : ; : ; 2a 417. Chlorostilbon auriceps, Gould . . ‘ : . 243 418. Chlorostilbon eaniveti (Less.) . : : g . 243 419. Chlorostilbon pucherani (Boure. and Muls.) . . 244 420. Chlorostilbon splendidus ( Vezil.) 244 421. Chlorostilbon haberlini (Rezchenb.) . 245 422. Chlorostilbon angustipennis (Fraser) 245 423. Chlorostilbon atala (Less.) 246 424. Chlorostilbon prasinus (Less.) 246 120. Panychlora, Cabanis and Hezne 247 425. Panychlora poortmani (Bowrce.) 247 426. Panychlora aliciz (Bourc. and Muls.) 248 427. *Panychlora stenura, Caban. and Hern. . 248 Abeil ia, 12 Acestrura, 9 Adelomyia, 12 Azleactis, 13 Agyrtria, 14 Aithurus, 7 Amazilia, 15 Androdon, 1 Anthocephala, 12 Aphantochroa, 3 Arinia, 14 Atthis, 8 Augastes, 12 Avocettinus, 11 Avocettula, 11 Basilinna, 15 Bellona, 12 Bourcieria, 6 Callipharus, 14 Calliphlox, 9 Calothorax, 8 Calypte, 8 Campylopterus, 2 Catharma, 8 Celigena, 3 Cephalolepis, 12 Chetocercus, 9 Chalybura, 4 Chlorostilbon, 16 Chrysolampis, 12 Chrysuronia, 11 Clytolema, 4 Cyanophaia, 16 Cynanthus, 10 Damophila, 16 Diphlogzena, 5 Discura, 10 Docimastes, 5 Doleromya, 1 Doricha, 9 Elvira, 14 Eriocnemis, 13 Eucephala, 15 2 INDEX. Eugenes, 5 Eugenia, 5 Eulampis 3 Eupetomena, 2 Eupherusa, 14 Eustephanus, 7 Eutoxeres, 1 Floricola, 6 Florisuga, 4 Glaucis, 1 Gouldia, 10 Heliactin, 8 Heliangelus, 7 Helianthea, 5 Heliodoxa, 5 Heliomaster, 6 Heliothrix, 12 Heliotrypha, 6 Hemistephania, 6 Hylocharis, 16 Hylonymwpha, 7 Iache, 16 Iolema, 4 Juliamyia, 16 Klais, 12 Lafresnaya, 4 Lampornis, 3 Lampraster, 5 Lamprolema, 3 Lepidolarynx, 6 Lesbia, 10 Leucippus, 13 Leucochloris, 13 Loddigesia, 10 Lophornis, 9 Mellisuga, 7 Metallura, 11 Microchera, 8 Myrtis, 9 Oreonympha, 11 Oreopyra, 3 Oreotrochilus, 3 Oxypogon, 11 Panoplites, 4 Panterpe, 13 Panychlora, 16 Patagoua, 5 Petasophora, 4 Pheolema, 4 Pheoptila, 1 Phethornis, 2 Phlogophilus, 12 Polytmus, 14 Pterophanes, 5 Ptochoptera, 9 Rhamphodon, 1 Rhamphomicron, 11 Rhodopis, § Sappho, 11 Schistes, 12 Selasphorus, 8 Smaragdochrysis, 9 Sphenoproctus, 2 Sporadinus, 16 Steganura, 10 Stellula, & Sternoclyta, 5 Thalurania, 7 Thaumastura, 9 Tilmatura, 9 Timolia, 15 Trochilus, 8 Topaza, 7 Uranomitra, 13 Urochroa, 5 Urosticte, 7 Zodalia, 10 (17) BE 4 = Tes GAp-y oe TS Pl ie baw Vr uuu i 1 ee Sy i >) nie Pal ey! Ae erat Chant Sule Ree ne ; ee ae 0 Da ads. i Pray marl rot whi Pea Kee Pythian ut Sera } rs Nivea } | Ae Ne Tae Pe \ a = wating apa ys # oe as oe la ne u ino ain id ‘= ‘Guttliat SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS. —— oe LIST OF THE PRINCIPAL SCIENTIFIC AND LITERARY INSTI- TUTIONS IN THE UNITED STATES.* May. DSits: S. Societies publishing Transactions; L. Libraries exclusively, though the others also have librar: ies; M. Museums; O. Observatories; T. Technical Schools; U. Universities. This arrangement is alphabetical by towns and not by States. JNU CEST pe SS ea NE i EAllbuny Institute <2. 22-2. 222 ee S; BOR ak a ne et 2 N. Y. State Agricultural Society -_-_| S. RE ret ks es oF PN ove state Pibrary | 5-2-2. 2 L. Saupe aK 4 State Museum of Natural Sciences ___} M. Allegheny -------- Pa. iy ODNeRValtOr yer es a Fs cae O. Annapolis -------- Md. GUE Se Naval: Aeademy =.22 22-2545 ang Ann Arbor = —-..- Mich, 7 University of Michigan______.______ U.M. 1 a - SeeWbservatonyes = sess 6 See T: O. ATIANLA, =. —-.-. Ga, 2 eC Toyiwldibrarys eee Cee Se Doe oe L. Baltimore ------- Md. 10 Johns Hopkins University ----__-__- U. Solem pee ec un 11 Maryland Academy of Sciences_____- S. 66 eae ae 12 eesbod ylnaitttiemesaso2o22c2 25-25" L. Bethlehem ------- Pa. dist acker Umiversitve 222-522. 2. i De Bloomington ----- Ind. 14 ‘The Onwen Cabinet’? <= 2 s-s2-_- M. ONtOM 5225-2 Mass. | 15 Amer. Academy of Arts and Sciences) S. Co é 16 Amer. Statistical Association _--___-- Ss. prea a ie PAN Deri ore Mes ee a L. Bie 2 a= a2 ¥ 18 Mass. Institute of Technology ------- iY ot Bike sous ae 19 Boston Natural History Society_-_-__- S. M. eSea Bo SY oe se 20 Public Library of the City _________- ct eee Ss ko . Zio State babprary sae en, Brovklyn-=-._.--- Neeies hee, brooklyn Library: 22 -=.2 23 oe et Ts Brunswick -------| Me. 23. bowdoin College.2 22 t= Us Bits === N. Y. |24 Buffalo Society of Natural Sciences _-| M.S Burlington ------- Vt. 25 University of Vermont ---.---.----- U. Cambridge ------- Mass. |26 Harvard University -----....--_...- U. Sepik = 27 Lawrence Scientific School ---.--___- 4ts S See gregh tb ot 28 Museum of Comparative Zodlogy____| M.S. Ce eee ut DOO Dservatorye ==> 2 hee eee O. oe Se ce $0i° Peabody Museum _. 23.22 sees M. *It was designed to limit this list to one hundred of the principal institutions of the United States; but this number is slightly exceeded. Charleston ------- ce 6e Charlottesville --~- Chicago ==--=--=- 6 ee 6e Cleveland -------- Clinton=.—=-22-%=2 Columbia--------- Columbus -------- Davenport-------- Des Moines ------- Glasgow --------- Hanover 22222" 2 6é Harrisburg ------ Hartford --------- ee Hoboken --------- Indianapolis ----_-- Towa City -------- Tthava -..<- 22-32 Lansing .2-=-2.52= Lawrence -------- Lexington-_------- Louisville -------- Madison_--------- ee Middletown ------ Minneapolis ------ Nashville. —--~.=: Néwark.=2=5—-23 New Brunswick -- New Haven ------ 6eé 66 iNet. Ind. Towa. IN Ye Mich. Kans. Va. Ky. Wis. Ct. Minn. Tenn. Collegeof Charleston)... _-~-b 525 M.U Library Society -+2..2 a ee L. Medical School of South Carolina__--| M. University of Vireinia2.+-— Dar: Chicago Academy of Sciences -----_- S. M. Observatory 222+. 85. eee O. Public ‘Library: ..--+=.s-=-- ee Observatory. 2. 5-5-2255 —-5—- ee Oo, Publi¢dibrany 2a ee L. Zoological Society =.= --2S2 Soe M. Kirtland Society of Natural Sciences_| S. M. Observatety =. =<. a. eee O. University of South Carolina__-_--_-| U. State Library 2). v2 23 eee i: Academy of Natural Sciences___----- S. tate Library ---.— bof ols Iowa Institute of Science and Arts___| S. M. Pardee Scientific School___-------==2 ae Observatarys.. steaks ve ee O. Dartmouth College £22 4- 2-522 See5 U.M. Observatoryi2-2 2. 9e Se eee O; State: Library... >. 2s ee jas Amer. Philological Association -_-~_- 8. Watkinson Reference Library ~------ L. Stevens Institute of Technology ~---- de PublieLabraty.. 22.22 eee ee L. State: University 222225. 222s ae U. Cornell University 2.2 o2-- = oe Tals Statedhibrary 2. =. 222¢ 222. =. Se Ee. Aeademyof Science 2-2. -2s- see S. M. School of Civil and Mining Engin’g _| T. Public Library -=22= 22-3. 22a ee hi: State Historical Society _--+------=== S. M. Wis. Acad. of Sciences, Arts & Letters | S. M. Wesleyan) University, 22-2 -=--=. Lev University of Minnesota ..-.-.---.-- Dy: Statewhibrary -i22 22.022 ~ 5 eee L. New Jersey Historical Society_------ S. Rutgers Scientific School -..--..---- ay Academy of Arts and Sciences_--~~-- S. American Oriental Society _-._-------| 5S. Observatory <2-=-2.5-——= -=-= Philadelphia --—_ ee ee ee se ee ee 6é Pittsburgh ---_--- Porpand ===. =. Princeton 2 —_ =: ee ee 6s Til. Cal. 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102 103 104 105 106 107 108 109 110 111 112 113 114 Peabody Museum) 322222. . eeee Sheffield Scientific School Yale College Academy of Sciences State Library American Geographical Society American Institute _. American Institute of Architects ___| Amer. Museum of Natural History —- American Society of Civil Engineers) ACStonel brery oi Sloe ee College of Physicians and Surgeons - @oltmibiay @ollege.22. s2focce.2 Slate oapermUmion a2. 208. os. coe. Lenox Library Merciniilemiaibrary— 222+ -.22222- Metropolitan Museum of Art__---__! New York Academy of Sciences -__-_- New York Historical Society -----_- New York Society Library_-__----- New York School of Mines _--_--_- Illinois Museum of Natural History | University of California _...._-__-_| Academy of Natural Sciences ---_-- American Philosophical Society ~-~- Pranklin Wnstitute.. 3 Library Company of Philadelphia —_ Mercantile ‘Uibrary 2... 205252522 Pennsylvania Historical Society -_--- University of Pennsylvania ---_-__- Zoological Society of Philadelphia _- Mercantile’Library <-22-2+ 3.2222 Portland Society of Natural History College of New Jersey-----------_- Green School of Science---.-_-____- Opservatory st. 5 eke cek eee ANG NUM — 22 eee STO WOE ULV CLSIb ys. sae =e ee piatesuibrany; => = 2s eee Statedlibrary= =-s#:ls2e212 Sees eee Mo. School of Mines and Metallurgy State Library M. L. S. M. U.M. M.U. L. L. St. ‘Louis222-—- = Mo. 115 Academy of Science _—_.___-___._.- S. CoE ert ck DGy Mercantile diniprary = - === = eee TT Salem / = 2 -- 2. Mass. |117 Am. Assoc. for Advancement of Sci.} 8. OE eee ee ee 113; “Hssex-tinstitute — == 22 4 oases Ss. M Cope ee eS at 119 Peabody Academy of Sciences_____- Ss. San Francisco ----| Cal. 120 California Academy of Sciences____- S. 66 cane wae 121 Woodward’s Zodlogical Institute _--| M. Springfield --_---- TM. IZ2s9Siate Library 2202 Soe eee L. (BEOY esac N. Y. | 123 Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute_.__| T. Washington ------ D.C. | 124 American Medical Association______ s. ee) eee et 125 Army Medical Museum _________--- M. SE). eee ae 126 ‘ Coreoran ‘Gallery of Art = 22-5 = M. hy peer a 127) chibrary of (Conpress\= 25-2 =e ive Con NPAs oo a 128 National Academy of Sciences_-___- 8. BB phe ees “t 129 Philosophical Society of Washington} S. oe eee ce 130 Smithsonian Institution ~-------___ S. M. West Point_---__- Ne Ye lei Ww iirlitary Academy 2. 520. ‘AS Worcester___-_---- Mass. {182 American Antiquarian Society ~---- S. M. PRINCIPAL GOVERNMENT DEPARTMENTS AND BUREAUS IN 133 134 135 136 137 138 139 140 141 142 143 144 145 146 147 148 149 150 151 152 153 154 155 156 157 158 159 169 CITY OF WASHINGTON. Agriculture, Department of Census Office. Coast Survey. Education, Bureau of Engineer Bureau, War Department. Entomological Commission. Fish Commission. Geological Surveys. — Hydrographic Office. Interior Department. Land Office. Light House Board. Marine Hospital Service. Medical Department, U.S. A. National Museum. Nautical Almanac Office. Naval Observatory. Navigation, Bureau of Navy Department. Ordnance Office. Patent Office. Post Office Department. Quartermaster General’s Office. Signal Office. State Department. Statistics, Bureau of Treasury Department. Var Department. Nos. Nos. Nos Nos CLASSIFIED INDEX. LIBRARIES: . o, 9, 12, 17, 20, 21, 22, 32, 37, 39, 44, 46, 52, 54, 56, 59 62, 67, 77, 83, 87, 88, 92, 99, 100, 104, 109, 111, 112: 114, 116, 122, 127, 133, 135, 136, 187, 142, 146, 149, 151, 153, 157, 159, 160. MUSEUMS: awn 14 19, 24. 28,30, 31, 33;,35, 40, 41, 47, 50, 60, 63, 64, 65, 73, 81, 84, 89, 91, 94, 96, 103, 105, 106, 110, 118, 121, 125, 126, 130,-132, 133, 135. OBSERVATORIES: 5, 8, 29, 36, 38, 42, 49, 51, 72, 108, 149. SOCIETIES OR INSTITUTIONS PUBLISHING TRANSACTIONS: Peo to 16049, 94° 95-35, 41°45. 47, 53, G0; 68, 64, Gots gl wo, 1a. 79, 80, 82) 90) 91,96, 97, 98, 101, MGS i>: 147, 118, 119°-120; 194 428) 199, 130, 132, 133, 134, 135, 136, 137, 138, 139, 140, 141, 142, 143, 144, 145, 146, 147, 148, 149, 150, 151, 152, 153, 154, 155, 156, 157, 158, 159, 160. TECHNICAL SCHOOLS: 6, 13, 18, 29, 34, 48, 55, 58, 61, 69, 74, 86, 93, 107, 113, 123, 131. UNIVERSITIES: 7, 10, 13, 23, 25, 26, 31, 34, 43, 50, 57, 58, 65, 66, 75, 85, 95, 102, 106, 110. SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS, 344 TE Sek OF PUBLICATIONS OF THE SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, JULY, 1879. WASHINGTON,D.C:: J Ueia yw, 8:79), on he pie’ (ah " 7 a 3 a Le LIST PUBLICATIONS OF THE SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, To July, 1879. Where no price ts affixed the work cannot be furnished, it being out of print or not yet published. Publications marked * do not appear in the Contributions, Collections, or Reports. eia| 8 . o No. AuTHOR. TITLE. SP aera lt. ee & A my EN lle Séadaende Journal of Regents, 8vo.* | 321846 15 |) soGopogss Report of Organization Committee 8vo.* 32 1847 CR tescinssees Digest of Act of Congress, 8vo.* 8 1847 ha D Dallas, G. M Address at Laying Corner Stone, 8vo * 8 1847 | E Henry, Jos. Exposition of Bequest, 8vo.* 8 1847 | RE a oeceeosse First Report of Secretary, S8vo. * | 48 1848 | CEB Baiecs <5. Report of the Institution, 8vo.* 38 1847 PG tarts 5.2 Js Second Report of Institution, 8vo.* 208 1848 | I bo seteteees Third Report of Institution, 8vo.* | 641849 ST Mss cee 'ss's Programme of Organization, 4to.* 4 1847 He gay ke. rhis. Correspondence, Squier & Davis, | S8vo.* 8 |1848 Wivo Nee cieee sles First Report of OrganizationCom-| 8vo.* | 8 i846 mittee, Ml ye) scans. : Reports of Institution up to Jan. 8y0.* | 72 1849 1349, ce Officers, Regents, Act, &c., 8vo.* 14 1846) Cn etc eccess Act to establish Smithsonian In- stitution, Svo.* a P |Owen, R. D. Hints on Publie Architecture, 4to.* | 140 oa ESiaas oid Check List of Periodicals, 4to.* 28 1853) 1 Squier & Davis, Ancient Monuments of Missis- . sippi Valley, SB. C.1, 346 1847 | \ sel reeks ates Smithsonian Contributions to | | | | Kovowledge, ESO. 7 | 346 1848| | | LIST OF SMITHSONIAN PUBLICATIONS. | a | a No.| Avrnor. TITLE. Sas { aH |A 3 Walker, §. C. Researches, Planet Neptune 8. C. 11, | 60/1850 4 Walker, §.¢. Ephemeris of Neptune for 1848, | 8. C. n, 8)1849 5 Walker, S.C. Ephemeris of Neptune for 1849, |S. C. 11, | 82/1849 6 Walker, S.C. (Ephemeris of Neptune for 1850, | S.C.u, | 10/1850 7 Walker, S.C. |Ephemeris of Neptune for 1851, |S C.11, | 10/1850 8. Downes, John (Occultations in 1848, 4to.* 12/1848 9 Downes, John (Occultations in 1849, 4to.* 24/1848 10 Downes, John: (Occultations in 1850, 4to.* 26|1849 11 Downes, John Occultations in 1851, Ss/@ 11; 26/1850 12 Lieber, Francis Vocal Sounds of L. Bridgeman, | S. C. 11, 32,1850 13 Ellet, Charles /Physical Geography of U. S. S.C. 11, | 64/1850 14 Gibbes,R. W. |Memoir on Mosasaurus, | s. c. ite 14,1850 15 Squier, E. G. Aboriginal Monuments of N. Y. | 8. C. 11, | 188/1850 16 Agassiz, Louis -\Classification of Insects, S.C. 1, | 28/1850 17 Hare, Robert Explosiveness of Nitre, Sa Oe ire 20 1850 | 18 Gould, Jr., B.A. | Discovery of Neptune, 8vo.* 56 1850 19 Guyot, A. Directions for Meteorological Ob- servations, 8vo.* 401850 20 Bailey, J. W. | Microscopie Examination of Soundings, SOnar, 16 1851 22/10 asseeceess Annual Report of Smithsonian Institution for 1849 8vo. 272)1850 22 ‘Gray, Asa Plante Wrichtiane, S. C. 1, | 146)1852) 23 Bailey, J. W. Microscopie Observations in S. Carolina, Georgia, and Florida, 8. C. 1, 48/1851 24 Walker, S.C Ephemeris of Neptune, .1852. . Appendix I, S.C. 111,| 10)1853 25 Jewett, Chas. C. Public Libraries of United States, 8vo.* 210/1851 20s Meeahecsen ss Smithsonian Contributions to Knowledge, 8. C. nu, | 4641851 27 \Booth, J. C. and |Improvements in Chemical Arts, M. C. 1, | 2161852 Morfit, C. Sine neeMececesa’ss Annual Report of Smithsonian . Institution for 1850, Svo 326 1851 29 'Downes, John Occultations in 1852, So Oe nkny 34 1851 Price. -50 50 No. 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 ~ qo 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 | LIST OF SMITHSONIAN PUBLICATIONS. 3 ala | 8 | AurHor. TITLE. rane oe Ar | A a | ran Girard, Charles |Fresh-Water FishesofN.America 8. C. m1,} 80 1851) Guyot, A. Meteorological Tables, M. C. 1, | 212,1852)- Harvey, Wm. H. Marine Algz of North America. Part I, S. C. m1, | 152'1852) Davis, Chas. H. |Law of Deposit of Flood Tide, | S.C. 1m,| 141852, .75 eececeus Directions for Collecting Speci- mens, M.C.11,|} 40 1859) free Locke, John Observations on Terrestrial Mag- netism, 8. C. 11,|} 301852 Secchi, A. Researches on Electrical Rheo-) metry, S.C. 1r,} 601852 Whittlesey, Ch. |Ancient Works in Ohio, §.C. 1, | 20.1851 penceeews Smithsonian Contributions to Knowledge, S. C. x11, | 564)1852! patentee Smithsonian Contributions to Knowledge, 8. C. rv, | 426 1852) Riggs, S. R. Dakota Grammar and Dictionary, §. C. rv, | 414 1852 Leidy, Joseph Extinct American Ox, S.C. v, | 20,1852 Gray, Asa Plante Wrightiane. PartII, | S.C. v, | 120/1853 Harvey, Wm. H. Marine Alge of North America. | | Part II, | S.C. v, | 2621853 10.00 Leidy, Joseph Flora and Fauna within Living Animals, lS. C. v,. | 681853 | Wyman, Jeffries Anatomy of Rana Pipiens, |S. C.v, | 521853 | Torrey, John Plantz Fremontiane, |S. C. vi, } 24 1853) Jewett, Chas. C. Construction of Catalogues of Libraries, 8vo.* 1081853, .50 Girard, Charles Bibliotheca Americana Historico | Naturalis, Svo. * 68 1852 Baird, S. F. and Catalogue of Serpents, M. C. 11, | 188 1853} 1.00 Girard C. | Stimpson, Wm. ‘Marine InvertebrataofGr.Manan S.C. v1,| 68 1853, 1.50 | | | aeseeseue ‘Annual Report of Smithsonian | | Institution for 1851, Svo. | 104.1852 Coffin, Jas. H. Winds of the Northern Hemi- | | sphere, S. C. v1, | 200 1368) Stanley, J. M. Portraits of N.American Indians, M. C. 1, | Downes, John Occultations in 1553, | 8. C. vy, | 76 1852) | 36 1853, 64 65 66 67 68 69 “I ~ LIST OF SMITHSONIAN PUBLICATIONS. } a | a AvuTHOR. TITLE. i aan) eiveaseees Smithsonian Contributions to Knowledge, S.C. v, | 538)1853 Soaaedoce ‘Smithsonian Contributions to Knowledge, 8. C. vi, | 476)1854 penaeacles Annual Report of Smithsonian Institution for 1852, 8vo. 96) 1853 Leidy, Joseph Ancient Fauna of Nebraska, S. C. v1, | 126/1853 Chappelsmith, J. Tornado in Indiana, 8. C. viz,} 12/1855 | Torrey, John Batis Maritima, eC vale 8/1853 | Torrey, John Darlingtonia Californica, S. C. vi, 8/1853 Melsheimer, F.E. Catalogue of Coleoptera, 8vo.* 190| 1853 Bailey, J. W. New Species of Microscopic Or- | : ganisms, 8S. C. vir,} 16/1854 “ppocsns List of Foreign Correspondents : of Smithsonian Institution, M. C. 16 1856 seceeeees Registry of Period. Phenomena, | folio, * 4 1854 sovenenes Annular Eclipse, May 26, 1854 | M.C. 14 1854 eeenesaere Annual Report of Smithsonian Institution for 1853, 8vo. 310 1854 Mitchell, B. R. &| Vocabulary of Jargon of Oregon,| 8vo.* 22/1853 Turner, W. W. Seccesess List of American Correspondents of Smithsonian Institution, 8vo.* 16 1853 Lapham, I. A. | Antiquities of Wisconsin, S. C. vir, | 108)/1855 Haven, §. F. Archeology of the United States, S. C. vii1,) 172.1856 Leidy, Joseph (Extinct Sloth Tribe of N.America, 8. C. vu, | 70 1855 steeeeeee Publications of Societies in Smith- sonian Library, S.C. vir, | 40 1855 pee renee Catalogue of Smithsonian Publi- cations, |\M. C. v, 52 1862 reescbaee Annual. Report of Smithsonian Institution for 1854, 8yvo. 464 1855 pecenbans Smithsonian Contributions to Knowledge, S. C. vir, | 252)1855 pobsnwaee Annual Report of Smithsonian Institution for 1855, Svo. 440 1856 penecenss Smithsonian Contributions to | Knowledge, 8. C. vir, 5561856) Pricer. 2.00 -50 25 eS ———— No. 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 99 100 101 | 102 Osten Sacken, R. | Coffin, Jas. H. Gibbs, W. and LIST OF SMITHSONIAN PUBLICATIONS. AUTHOR. )Runkle, John D. Alvord, Benj. Olmsted, D. Jones, Joseph Meech, L. W. Force, Peter weeeeeeee Mayer, Brantz Genth, F. A. Brewer, Th. M. Hitchcock, E. te reeeeee aeeeeeeee Runkle, John D.. Harvey, Wm. H. Harvey, Wm. H. Kane, E. K. | | 98 Bowen, T. J. Gillis, J. M. Hill Thos. a A lo TITLE. Sais | edeulee is & |A| = — | — Tables for Planetary Motion, |S. C. 1x, 64 1856 | 1.00 _Tangencies of Circlesand Spheres, S. C. virr,} 16 1856 1.00 | | Secular Period of Aurora Borealis 8. C. vir1,, 52/1856, Investigation on A. Vertebrata, IS. C. viit,| 150/1856) 1.50 Relative Intensity of Heat and Light of the Sun, [Se Ce ioK, 58,1856) 1.25 Auroral Phenomena in North | Latitudes, S. C. virr,| 122'1856) 1.25 Publications of Societies in Smith- onian Library. Part II, S.C. vii1,| 381856} .25 Mexican History and Archeology|S. C. 1x, 36 1856 Psychrometrical Tables, M. C. 1, 20,1856) .25 | Ammonia Cobalt Bases, SH (Ca abc) 721856, 1.00 North American Oology. PartI, |S.C.x1, | 140,1857) 5.00 Illustrations of Surface Geology, |S. C. rx, | 164.1857, 4.00 Annual Report of Smithsonian) Institution for 1856, 8vo. 468 1857 Smithsonian Contributions to | Knowledge, |S. C. rx, | 482)1857 |Meteorological Observations for 1855, Svo. * 118 1857 Asteroid Supplement to New Tables for 5 2), IS. C. rx, | 72/1857] 1.00 s | | Marine Algee of North America. Purt III, a) Ces Ta2/1858) 6.00 Marine Alga of North America. | 3 parts complete, Ato. 568 1858 20.00 Magnetic Observations in the Arctic Seas, Sa Coax, 72,1859 1.00 Yoruba Grammar and Dictionary, S. C. x, | 232)185S8) 4.00 Smithsonian Contributions to | Knowledge, Se Cox, 462 1858 12.00 \Eelipse of the Sun, Sept. 7, 1858, S.C. x1, 22'1859) .50 |Map of Solar Eclipse, Mar.15, ’58, 8vo.* 8}1858; .15 Catalogue of Diptera of North | America, M. C. 111, ! 112.1858! LIST OF SMITHSONIAN PUBLICATIONS. a || No. AvTuor. Tire. Gail a hues a A Ba 103 Caswell, A. Meteorological Observations, Pro-| | vidence, R. I., 8. C. x11, | 188 1860 2.00 104 Kane, E. K. Meteorological Observations in Arctic Seas, S.C. x1, | 1201859 105 |Baird, 8S. F. Catalogue of North American Mammals, 4to.* 22,.1857| .50 106 Baird, 8. F. Catalogue of North American | Birds, 4to.* 42'1858) .50 iI) fag laeees cea Annual Report of Smithsonian Institution for 1857, 8vo. 438 1858 108 |Baird, 8. F Catalogue of N. American Birds, |M. C. 11, 24.1859 25 NOD) | eeencceas ‘Annual Report of Smithsonian Institution for 1858, 8vo. 448 1859 MELOY eeeecesacece Annual Report of Smithsonian Institution for 1859, 8vo. 450 1860 TD, 8 ete sece Smithsonian Contributions to Knowledge, S.C. x1, | 506/1859 12.00 2 hdd a Seceens we Smithsonian Contributions to Knowledge, 8. C. x11, | 540 1860/12.00 113 Bache, A. D. Magnetic and Meteorological Ob- servations at Girard Coll. Pt. 1,|S8. C. x11, 22,1859| .25 114 Sonntag, A. Terrestrial Magnetism in Mexico,|S. ©. x1, 92 1859] 1.25 DVI ietesccesces |Report on Invention of Electro- Magnetic Telegraph, M. C. m1, 40)1861)| free 116 |Rhees, Wm. J. = List of Public Libraries, &c. Svo.* 84/1859 SLs menace cen Catalogue of Publications, &c.,! in Smithsonian Library, M.C. 111, 264 1859} 2.00 118 |Morris, John G. Catalogue of Lepidoptera of North America, M.C. 111, | 76/1860} 1.00 119 |Whittlesey, Ch. Fluctuations of Level in N. A. Lakes, 8. C. xm, | 28/1860} 1.00 120 Hildreth, S. P. Meteorological Observations at and Wood, J. Marietta, 0O., IS. C. xvi, | 52)1867) 1.00 121 |Bache, A. D. Magnetie and Meteorological Ob- servations at Girard Coll. Pt. II, |S. C. x11, 28) 1862} .25 272 | ee aeten sees Smithsonian Miscellaneous Col- | lections, MiG nm, 738 1862 123s) eee ssccceae “ Smithsonian Miscellaneous Col-| | lections, |M. C. 11, al eas DE es iiesaexesss Smithsonian Miscellaneous Col-| lections, |M. C. x1, | 772) 1802 125 126 127 128 129 130 131 132 133 138 139 140 141 142 143 144 145 LIST OF SMITHSONIAN PUBLICATIONS. T AUTHOR. TITLE. a ae 5 a |A | & oe ee | ee SECO Smithsonian Miscellaneous Col-| | lections, |M. C. rv, | 760 1862 Le Conte, John L. Coleoptera of Kansas and New Mexico, Nene ls 64 1859) 1.25 Loomis, E. Storms in Europe and America, Dec. 1836, foehC sex, 28/1860) 1.25 Lea, Carpenter, |Check List of Shellsin N.America M.C. 11, | 52/1860, .25 &c. Kane, E. K. Astronomical Observations in the Arctic Seas, Sein eXIls 56 4860) 1.00 Kane, E. K. Tidal Observations in the Arctic | Seas, |S.C. xmr,| 901860) 1.50 Smith, N. D. Meteorological Observations in Arkansas from 1840 to 1859, |S.C. xu, 96/1860) 1.25 Bache, A. D. Magnetic and Meteorological Oh-| servations at Girard Coll. Pt.II1, S.C. xuu,| 16)1862, .25 Morris, John G. |Synopsis of Lepidoptera of North America. Part I, M. C. tv, | 386;1862) 2.00 ‘Hagen, H. Synopsis of Neuroptera of North America, M. C. tv, | 368)1861 ‘Mitchell, S. W. | Venom of the Rattlesnake, S. ©. xrr, | 156]1860 | Le Conte, John L. Classification of Coleoptera of North America, M. C. 11, | 312/1862) 1.50 Baeeeees Cireular to Officers of Hudson’s Bay Co., M.C. viii, 61860 ‘Morgan, L.H. Circular as to Degrees of Rela- | tionship, Me Cai, 34/1860 | csesewees Collecting Nests and Eggs of | | North American Birds, M.C. 11, | 34/1861) free \LeConte, John L. List of Coleoptera of North Ame- | | rica. Part I, M. C. vi, | 82)1866) .75 Loew, H.and (Monographs of Diptera. Part I, M.C.vi, | 246 1862) 1.50 Osten Sacken has, Binney, W.G. Bibliography of North American’ | | Conchology.’ Part I, M.C. v, | 6581863 3.00 Binney, W.G. (Land and Fresh-Water Shells of | North America. Part II, M. C. vur,| 172.1865 1.2! Binney, W.G. Land and Fresh-Water Shells of North America. Part III, M. C. vir,) 1281865 1.00 ‘Prime, Temple Monograph of American Corbicu- lade, M.C.vir,| 92)1865 .76 | 44 LIST OF SMITHSONIAN PUBLICATIONS. No. AUTHOR. TITLE. 146 M’Clintock, Sir |Meteorological Observations in | we the Arctic Seas, A Cl igeiries ste eas Annual Report of Smithsonian | Institution for 1860, ABA iirercoccss Directions for Meteorological Ob- servations, | B40 |) ee S ce . Annual Report of Smithsonian Institution for 1861, SOS} tease steers Annual Report of Smithsonian Institution for 1862, SA Weieetcee ce |Smithsonian Contributions to Knowledge, 152 Carpenter, P. P, Lectures on Mollusca, 153 Guyot, A. ‘Tables, Meteorological and Phy- sical, DAE Diem seacnes List of Foreign Correspondents of Smithsonian Institution, 155 Whittlesey, Ch. |Ancient Mining on Lake Superior 156 Egleston, T. Catalogue of Minerals, SFT eee scence Results of Meteorological Obser- vations from 1854 to 1859, ADS teal gt MMe oleses Smithsonian Miscellaneous Col- | lections, 199 Mitchell, S. W. & Anatomy and Physiology of Re- | Morehouse,G.R.| spiration in Chelonia, 160 Gibbs, G. Instructions for Evbnology. and Philology, 161 Gibbs, G Dictionary of the Chinook Jargon | 162 Bache, A. D. Magneticand Meteorological Obs. at Girard Coll. Pt. IV, V,& VI, | GSM Maccssstess Circular on History of Grass- hoppers, 164 Wangs Smithsonian Museum Miscellanea 165 Allen, H. Monograph of the Bats of North | America, 166 Dea A.D. Magnetic Survey of Pennsylvania 167 |Le Conte, Jno. L. New Species of North America Coleoptera, Cireular Relative to Birds from Middle and South America, 8. C. xin, Svo. M. C. 1, Svo. 8vo. S.C. ocr S8vo.* M. C.1, M.C. v, SriCe oxi. M. C. vir, 4to.* M. C. v, SiC i ex, M. C. vit, MACE yvirrs 8. C. x11, M. C. 11, M.C. viii, M. C. vit, S. C. x11, M.C. v1, M.C. vii, | PAGgEs. | Darr. 1641862 4481861 /1860 464/1862 446 1863 558) 1863) 140}1861 638)1859 56|1862 34/1863 56) 1863 1270)1861 774|1864 50) 1863 56) 1863 60/1863 78) 1862 4/1860 88) 1862 110'1864 88/1863 180) 1866 1863 PRICE. on => 12.00 3.00 50 00 1.00 1.00 free No. 169 170 ale 172 173 LIST OF SMITHSONIAN PUBLICATIONS. 181 182 183 184 185 186 | 187 188 189 190 AvTHOR. TITLE. Bata hea | ees A | 8 Py seeooete |Smithsonian Miscellaneous Col- lections, M.C. vi, | 888 1864 eeceses. Comparative Vocabulary, 4to.* 20 1863 free Loew, H. Monograph of the Diptera of North America. Part II, M. C. vi, ;} 3372/1864 | Meek, F.B. and Paleontology of the Upper Mis- Hayden, HEV.) sourt) “Parti, S. C. xrv,|} 158}1865) Dean, John Gray Substance of the Medulla Oblongata, S.C. xvi, | 80 1864 Binney, W.G. (Bibliography of North American Conchology. Part II, MAC Ex, 3021864) 2.00 Bache, A. D. Mag. and Met. Obsery. at Girard | Coll. Parts VII, VIII, & IX, |S. C. x1v,] 72}1864) 1.00 peeeeeaas Circular, Collecting North Ame- rican Shells, M. C. un, 41860) free Meek, F. B Check List of Invertebrate Fos- sils of North America, M. C. vir,) 42\1864| .25 socceevae Circular to Entomologists, M.C. vit, 2 1860 Seceesene Catalogue @f Publications of So- cieties, M. C. 1x, | 5961866 Draper, H. Construction of a Silvered Glass Telescope, S. C. xiv,} 60 1864} Baird, 8. F. Review of American Birds in Smithsonian Museum, M. C. x11, | 454/1866, 2.00 | Beene eet Results of Meteorological Obser- vations from 1854-1859. Vol. II,) 4to.* 546/1864 2.50 Meek, F. B. Check List of Invertebrate Fos- sils of North America, \M.C. vir,} 34,1864 | | pertaeaes Smithsonian Contributions to | Knowledge, S.C. x1v,; 490 1865 12.00 | sawedesse List of Birds in Mexico, &c., | 8vo.* 8 1863 Bache, A. D Mag. and Met. Observ. at Girard College. Parts X, XI, & XII, '|S.C. x1v,; 421865) .50 yaaerece Annual Report of Smithsonian | Institution for 1863, | 8yo. 420 1864 1.00 Nipahces Annual Report of Smithsonian, Institution for 1864, 8vo. 450 1865, 1.00 Scudder, 8.H. Catalogue of Orthoptera of North America, M ©. virt,, 110 1868 1.00 | | pusetsues Queries Relative to Tornadoes, | M.C. x, 41865 free \ eed 10 192 193 194 195 186 197 198 199 200 202 203 204 205 206 LIST OF SMITHSONIAN PUBLICATIONS. AUTHOR. Leidy, Joseph se eeeeere Binney, W. G & Bland, T, te reeeeee ‘Hayes, I. I. Whittlesey, Ch. Kane, E. K. Newcomb, §. Conrad, T. A. Stimpson, Wm. \Pumpelly, R. feeeereee wee eeeeee te reeweee sen eeeeee seen eeese | = wn . g Bl ES TITLE. eet me (pas ee ey lhe Smithsonian Miscellaneous Col-| lections, M. C. VII, | 878 1865 Cretaceous Reptiles of the U. S., S.C. xiv, 1421865 Duplicate Shells from Expedition of Capt. Wilkes, 8vo.* 4 1865 Land and Fresh-Water Shells of North America. Part I, M.C. vii,| 328/1869 Physical Observations in the Arctic Seas, S.C. xv, | 286/1867 Glacial Drift of Northwestern States, 8. C. xv, 38 1866 Physical Observations in the Arctic Seas. Complete, 4to.* 340 1860 Orbit of Neptune, 8. C. xv, | 116)1866 Check List of the Invertebrate Fossils of North America, M.C. vit,| 46/1866) .25 Hydrobiinw and Allied Forms, |M.C. vir,) 64/1865) .50 Geological Researches in China, Mongolia, &c. 8. C. xv, | 173/1866) 3.50 List of Works published by Smithsonian Institution, M.C. vir.| 12/1866} Meteorological Observations, Brunswick, Me., 1807-1859, |S.C.xvi, | 60/1867) 1.00 Circular for Archwology and Eth-) nology, |M.C. vii, 2/1867) free Smithsonian Contributions to Knowledge, S.C. xv, | 620)1867)12.00 Relative to Scientific Investiga- tions in Russian America, ‘M.C. viit,| 10)1867 Gliddon Mummy Case in Smith- | sonian Institution, a Cexsvi, 6/1869] 50 Annual Report of the Smithsonian | Institution for 1865, 8vo. 496 1866 Arrangement of Families of Birds) | in Smithsonian Institution, (M.C. vii, 8 1866 Smithsonian Contributions to | Knowledge, 8. C. xvi, | 498/1870) 12.00 | | No. 212 213 214 221 254 AUTHOR. sewer eece weeeeeeee ‘Hoek, M. Morgan, L. H. Osten Sacken, R. Swan, Jas. G. Coffin, James H. |Gould, B. A. se eeeeere we eeeneee Gill, Theod. Ferrel, Wm. Baird, S. F. Schott, Chas. A. | Stockwell, J. N. Secular Variations of Orbits of | LIST OF SMITHSONIAN PUBLICATIONS. Fi Q ra} a TITLE. Sri es 5 a | A Ay Smithsonian Miscellaneous Col- | lections, M.C. vir, 9211869) 5.00 Smithsonian Miscellaneous Col- lections, M. C. rx, | 8981869) 5.00 Annual Report of Smithsonian Institution for 1866, 8vo. 470 1867 Annual Report of Smithsonian Institution for 1867, 8vo. 506 1868 | Photograph Portraits of North American Indians, M. C. xiv,| 42 |1867|) .25 Meteoric Shower, 1867, Nov. 13, | 8vo.* 4 1867 | Systems of Consanguinity and Af- | | finity, S.C. xvu,| 616 1869 | Monograph of Diptera of North America. Part IV, M.C. vir1,| 358.1869 2.00 Indians of Cape Flattery, S. C. xvi, | 118 1869 | Orbit, &c., of Meteoric Fire Ball, | July 20, 1860, S.C.xvi,|} 561869 1.00 Tables of Rain and Snow in | United States, §.C.xvii,| 175)1872| 3.00 | On the Transatlantic Longitude, |S.C. xvi, | 110 1869) 1.00 Annual Report of Smithsonian Institution for 1868, Svo.* 473 1869) List of Foreign Correspondents of, | Smithsonian Institution, 8vo.* 53 1869) 7 List of Publications of Smithson- | ian Institution, 8vo. lee ‘Families of Mollusks, IM. C. x, | 49 |1871 25 ‘Annual Report of Smithsonian | | Institution for 1869, 8vo. 430 1871) 1.00 Smithsonian Contributions to | | Knowledge, 8.C.xvu,| 6161871 | \List of Families of Mammals, M. C.XI, 104 1872 25 1 Planets, iS. C. xvrmj 220 hen 2.00 \Converging Series, Ratio of Dia-| | meter, and Circum. of Circles, S.O.xvin,| 6 ee -50 M. G.x, | 14 ee free aoa Relative to Food Fishes, 12 260) LIST OF SMITHSONIAN PUBLICATIONS, AUTHOR. TITLE. Seats Circular Relative to Thunder- storms, WE OR > ¢, poeece eee Circular Relative to Altitudes, M.C. x, Renata *e Circular Relative to Lightning- rods, M. C. x, Rhees, Wm. J. |List of American Libraries, and Public Institutions, M. C. x, Harkness, Wm. |Magnetic Observations on the Monadnock, 8. C. xvu, Barnard, J.G. |Problems of Rotary Motion, Se aeanx Wood, H. C. Fresh-Water Algex of N. America,|S. C. xrx, Clark, H. J. Lucernariz. 11 plates, 8. C. xx, esensaes . List of Foreign Correspondents of SmitM8onian Institution, Mei@. ek, ceccecce Annual poner’ of Smithsonian Institution for 1870, 8vo. Pecese oes Check List of Smithsonian Publi- cations to July, 1872, MECr x, eovccccee Smithsonian Contributions to Knowledge, 8. C. xv, Gill, Theod. List of Families of Fishes, M. C. x1, Hilgard, E. W. |Geology of Lower Louisiana, S5@. xix, passaes . Annual Report of Smithsonian Institution for 1871, 8vo. veces oe Smithsonian Miscellaneous Col- lections, MoC.x; Carpenter, P. P. |Monograph of Chitonide, Carpenter, P. P. |American Mollusea, M. C. x, Tryon, G. W. Monograph of Strepomatida, M. C. x111, De Saussure, H, |Monograph of Hymenoptera, M. €. Clarke, F. W. Specific Gravity Tables, pe C. x11, Loew, H. Monograph Diptera. Part IlI, |M.C. x1, Watson, S. Botanical Index, M: C. xv, Jones, Jos. Antiquities of Tennessee, Ss. C. PAGEs. Date. 21871 2|1871 4/1871 494 21 643 96 38 473 913 446 490 430 272 381 484 181 5/1872 1872 1872 1878 1872 1871 1872 1872 1872 1872 1872 1873 1873 1873 1875 1873 1873 1878 1876 free free free 2.00 7.50 7.50 free 12.00 2.00 1.00 2.00 2.00 3.00 No. 261 262 263 264 265 266 267 268 269 270 271 272 273 274 275 276 277 278 | 279 280 281 282 283 284 285 286 287 LIST OF SMITHSONIAN PUBLICATIONS. 13 AUTHOR. TITLE. PRICE. Packard, A. S. Newcomb, §. LeConte, J. L. LeConte, J. L. Woodward, J. J. Swan, J. G. Coffin, J. H. Habel, Simeon, Osten Sacken, Torr. een eeeee ae eeeeeee beeen wees sa eeeeees stew eeeee Clarke, F. W. ‘Schott, C. A. DaCosta, J. M. Alexander, §S. Newcomb, 8. ‘Wood, H.C, Gill, Theod. wee eewwee te eeeeeee ween eeee Rau, Charles, Directions for Collecting and Pre-| serving Insects, Orbit of Uranus, Astronomical Telegram Circular, New Species Coleoptera. Part IT, Classification Coleoptera. Part IT, Toner LectureI. Cancerous Tu- mors, Haidah Indians, Winds of the Globe, Sculptures of Santa Lucia Cosumal- \M. C. x1, 60 1873 free S. C. xix, | 296)1873) 3.00 M. C. x11, 4 1873) M. C. x1, 74|1873| M.C. x1, | 72/1873] MCh eve 441873) .25 SaCa xem, 29/1874! 1.00 | Sh Opes, 781, 1876 whuapain Guatemala. 8 plates, Catalogue of Diptera of North Am., Annual Report of Smithsonian Institution for 1872, Smithsonian Contributions, Miseellaneous Collections, Miscellaneous Collections, Annual Report of Smithsonian Institution for 1873, Specific Heat Tables. Part II, Temperature Tables, Check List of Smithsonian Publi- cations, | Toner Lecture III. The Heart, | Harmonies of Solar System, Planetary Motion, Toner Lecture IV. Study of Fever, Catalogue of Fishes, Smithsonian Contributions, Smithsonian Contributions, Annual Report of Smithsonian Institution for 1874, Archeological Collection, Nat.| | Museum, 7 BAO 94/1878) 2.00 M. C. 324|1878| 2.00 8vo. 456/1874| ... S.C. xrx, | 660/1874 12.00 M. C. x1, | 789/1874| 5.00 M.C. xu, | 767)1874| 5.00 8yo. 452 1874) 1.00 M.C. xtv,| 58 1876 .50 S. C. xx1, | 360/1876, 3.00 M. C. 24 1874 M. C. xv, 32/1874; .25 S.C. xx1, | 1041875) 1.00 SiO ces 40,1874 .75 M. C. xv, | 50/1875) .25 'M. C. XIV, 56 1875 Son aoeee 794.1876 12.00 S. C. xxr, | 543 1876 12.00 8vo. 416 1875 1.00 Ss. C. 118 1876 2.00 14 LIST OF SMITHSONIAN PUBLICATIONS. 297 298 299 300 301 302 AUTHOR. Clarke, F. W. Clarke, F. W. Brown-Séquard, Cope, E. D. Kidder, J. L., Coues, E. Kidder, J. L., and others, Goode, G. B. Goode, G. B. se eeeneee Adams, Lawrence, G. N. TITLE. Specific Gravity Tables. Supp. I,, Tables, Expansion by Heat List of Smithsonian Publications, ‘Toner Lecture IJ. The Brain, Batrachia. Bulletin National) Museum, No. 1, Birds Kerguelen Island. Bulle- tin National Museum, No. 2, Nat. Hist. Kerguelen Island. Bulletin Nat. Museum, No. 3, |Birds of Mexico. Bulletin Nat. Museum, No. 4, Fishes of Bermuda. Bull. Nat. Museum, No. 5, Classification of Animal Re- sources, ete. Bulletin Nat. Museum, No. 6, Annual Report of Smithsonian Institution for 1875, . Annual Report of Smithsonian Institution for 1876, Toner Lecture V. Continued Fevers, Check List of Smithsonian Publi- cations to July, 1877, \M. Toner Lecture VI. Subcutaneous Surgery, 303 \Streets, Thos. H.|Natural History of Hawaiian and 304 306 307 Dall, Wm. H, Fanning Islands and Lower California. Bulletin National Museum, No. 7, Index to names applied to Bra- chiopoda. Bulletin Nat. Mus., No. 8, Jordan, David S.)North Amer. Ichthyology, No. 1. Review of Rafinesque’s N. Am. Fishes. Bulletin of Nat. Mus., No. 9, Jordan, David S.|North Amer. Ichthyology, No. 2. Gill, Theodore, | Notes on Cottidae, &c. Bull. Nat. Mus., No. 10. Fishes of Western North America. Bulletin of Nat. Mus., No. 11, 45 plates, |M. M. C. M. C. 8vo. M. M. M. M. 8vo. M.C. M.C. M. M. C. M. M. XIV, XIV, XHHT, | exes exo STO PueSLLEe - XIII, XIV, - XV. Seine XIII, PeSInts . XIII, be dees 621876. 50 58/1876 .50 12}1876! ... 26|1877| .25 106 1875.50 611875 .50 122.1876 .50 56,1876, .50 821876) .50 139 1876.50 422 1876 1.00 72\1877| .25 72 1877 free 20.1877 .25 172|1877| .50 88i1877| .25 53/1877| .25 120}1877| .50 No. 308 309 310 311 312 313 316 317 ots 319 320 321 wo bo to 323 | 324 325 LIST OF SMITHSONIAN PUBLICATIONS. AUTHOR. TITLE. Jordan, D.S.,and| North Amer. Ichthyology, No. 3. Brayton, A. W.| Distribution of Fishes of S. C., Ga., and Tenn, Bulletin Nat. Museum, No. 12, M. C. Seeeanien List of Foreign Correspondents of the Smithsonian Institution to Jan. 1878, M. C. Barnard, J. G. {Internal Structure of the Earth, |S. C. Holden, Edw. S. | Index Catalogue of Books Relat- ing to Nebula, M. C. Recereses Smithsonian Miscellaneous Coll. (Bull. N. M., 1-10.) 45 plates, |M. C. Eggers, Baron, {Flora of St. Croix and Virgin Is- lands. Bull. Nat. Mus., No. 13,)M. C. saacaaaes Smithsonian Miscellaneous Col- lections. M. C. paeaacee Smithsonian Miscellaneous Col- lections, M. C. eavereuen Circular in Reference to American Archeology, (M. C. Elliot, D. G. Classification and Synopsis of Trochilide, 8. C. Dall, Wm. H lRematne of Man from Caves in Aleutian Islands. 10 plates, (jS. C. posaaeane Circular. Inquiries Relative to Crawfish and Crustacea, M. C. Setters Cireular Relating to Collections of Living reptiles, M. C. Shakespeare, Nature of Reparatory Inflamma- . 0. tion in Arteries after Ligature, ete. 7 plates, M. C. “COI Smithsonian Miscellaneous Col- . leetions. M. C. poeeraeas Annual Report of the Smithsonian Institution for 1877, 8vo. seceepuse |Cireular relative to Scientific and Literary Exchanges, M. C. peeves Circular. Business Arrangements of the Smithsonian Institution, M. C. 326 Goode, G. Brown, Catalogue of Collection of Animal Resourcesand Fisheries of U.S. Bulletin Nat. Museum, No. 14, |M. C. XV, XIV, xIIl, XIV, XV, XV, KV xVie XVI, | PAGES | DatTE. | PRICE 237] 1878 50 120/1878| .25 19/1877] .25 126)1877| .50 982/1878) 5.00 911|1878) 5.00 880 1878) 5.00 15 1878) free 289/1879| 5.00 44/1878) 2.00 81878) free 2'1878) free 74)1879| io ow 500)1878) ... 367) 1 soe 50 329 fo 3 3 oo i) on 40) 41 a | oe a a 2 oes lS AvTHoR. TITLE. 4}<4/2e a | Ale | Smithson,James, Scientific writings of, M. C. 1879 Rhees, Wm. J. |Smithsonian Institution. Docu- | ments Relative to its Origin and | History, M. C. 1027|1879 3.00 | Seeceenes Smithsonian Institution. Journal | of Board of Regents and Re- ports of Committees, M. C. 1879 Rhees, Wm. J. |Smithson and his Bequest, M. C. 1879 k Rau, Chas. The Palenque Tablet, 8 ¢. 11879, seeeeeees Proceedings of the Nat. Museum for 1878, M. C. scaccnec Proceedings of the Nat. Museum | for 1879, M. C. [Elliot, D. G. List of Described Species of Hum- ming-Birds, WiC: 22/1879] .95 seseceeee List of Principal American Libra- ries, Museums, Societies, etc., |M. C. 6|1879) free Rcaneanes Smithsonian Miscellaneous Col- lections, M. C. xvii, Saseaeee Smithsonian Miscellaneous : Col- lections. M.C. xvimt, Dees aes Smithsonian Miscellaneous Col- lections. MAC Ix1x, | reneeee 5 Smithsonian Miscellaneous Col | lections. Mi Oiex, sceostess Smithsonian Contributions to | Knowledge, 5. Ch xx; | Bereccane Annual Report of Smithsonian In- | stitution for 1878, Svo. | Kumlien, L. Contributions to Natural History of Arctic Americas. Bulletin of | the National Museum, No. 15, |M, C. conus Jordan, D. S. Synopsis of the Fishes of the U.S | Bull. Nat. Mus., No. 16, M. C. 3 eoeeeie -- Check List of Smithsonian Pub- | lications, M. C. 16)1879) free Sbsstenss Annual Report of Smithsonian Institution for 1879, \Svo. LIST OF SMITHSONIAN PUBLICATIONS. ihe beh > Sip =e w P< SBS Pr a = Ses =e Su ss> DIP PDI? Sos ; & +S: = y> 33 oe SSS oe SS > > wo SoS ZY > >> See > >>> D> > Z Eig es Ss Pps oe >> Se < > Ss Se ky aS 3 > i ~ 2 >>? 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