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WASHINGTON: PUBLISHED BY THE SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION. 1862. CONTENTS. Advertisement . ARTICLE I. Synopsis oF THE DESCRIBED NEUROPTERA OF NortH AMERI- CA, WITH A LIST OF THE SoUTH AMERICAN SPECIES. Pre- pared for the Smithsonian Institution by Hermann Hacen. July, 1861. Pp. 368. ARTICLE II. Synopsis oF THE DESCRIBED LEPIDOPTERA OF NortH AME- rica. Part I. Diurnal and Crepuscular Lepidoptera. Compiled for the Smithsonian Institution by Joun G. Morris. February, 1862. Pp. 376, and 30 wood-cuts. PAGE vil ADVERTISEMENT. 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I. ; . - * a , : , , “ ete , belie oaerp © P i SZ PRE a k i, 4 r c wie a> ‘ * j ; ir oj ‘ F ; i ah patios tha : Dif) cadets i . ae the 5 i . e i" JZ ‘ “a ‘ ; t i i aay. oul 4 ' ist = os ee eee ; x the 4 a ‘; A d t r c 3 a9) > . a i. é mil %, . ° Ps , i ¥ ‘ t ve Wud : ‘ - v4 £ ‘ a ' = ’ ey hg ‘ A * i. . fs, iy A Ag ’ i \ i ; % :; B > Pi gat ‘ - } tan Lv 5 ‘ ; & { P ‘ . ‘ a j ; i ri = } t *4 : y x ‘ : ‘i ‘ ~ 7 a »? i ‘ « S ~ y . \ ie ¢ oa . : » fi i ad : SYNOPSES OF THE NEUROPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA. PRN oy ‘ es vi % . } ‘ - f ‘ ¢ ! a ¥ ae ie . , 7 ‘ iba | : 1 Y yt ' . ‘ + ; ’ 7 1 ; oy . ( & ), ceva 1 ot i 5 * ‘ i ; j ' i é . ' . ay A jet a) fy Yo pens t< é i in SV GURL Ti Mika ty Nae RA Fe Ms . ‘ : Ohad r ms : a ; ro Ka ’ 4 , ‘ 1 ‘ ' , Py i + yh ie ’ ; ; * 4 } i * ] : ; ' a i f 4 / 4 ‘ " rr Ky ; r ‘ ad i ' — i r * , i i . i ’ ; » iu i , s gu TABLE OF CONTENTS. Advertisement ° 7 ¢ : : : ; ; : ei) FEL: Preface . . . . : C : z : : : Vv Table of Contents . . ° C : : : : o SEE Authorities C C c : . : + 7 xa North American ‘Nea pterd : 2 ° : 3 ; ae South American Neuroptera . : . i . aval Analytical tables. . , . ° ° ° : . SO Synopsis of North American Neuroptera . : . : ° : 1 PSEUDONEUROPTERA . f : , ; xi rh Fam. I. TERMITINA . j . : ; ; 1 Fam. II. Empipina é ; A A ‘ A 7 Fam. III. Psociva : i gal sta ‘ a Fam. IV. Perna ; ; é é ; SEA Fam. V. EPHEMERINA . 3 f : A OS Fam. VI.* OponaTA . 5 3 3 : 5.) OE Tribe I. Agrionina : : 5 whoo Sub-fam. I. Cutoptery atti : 0 Sub-fam. II. Agrionina . . 2 G2 Legion I. Pseudostigmata ; nz Legion II. a a 5 : oh 65 Tribe II. Aeschnina . : : us Sub-fam. III. Gémpiines ‘ ; ToS Sub-fam. IV. Aeschnina. A ; epeolig) Tribe III. Libellulina . : 2 4g LS Sub-fam. V. Cordulina . 7 5 A lle Sub-fam. VI. Libellulina 3 5 eo) AT NEUROPTERA . 6 : ; . ‘ ; EXAxey 8/7) Fam. VII. Srauima 3 : f ‘ lot Fam. VIII. Hemerosina : : : ; = 196 Fam. IX. PANnorpina . . . ' ; - 240 Or * Erroneously given as Fam. Y. on p. 55. a Fam. CONTENTS. X. PHRYGANINA Sub-fam. I. Phiny oartides Sub-fam. II. Limnophilides Sub-fam. III. Sericostomides Sub-fam. IV. Leptocerides Sub-fam. V. Hydropsychides . Sub-fam. VI. Rhyacophilides . List of South American Neuroptera. PSEUDONEUROPTERA. Fam. I. TERMITINA . Fam. II. Empipina . Fam. III. Psocrna : Fam. IV. PEeruima : ; : Fam. V. EPHEMERINA Fam. VI. OponaTa Tribe I. Agrionina Sub-fam. JI. Galvpionvees Sub-fam. II. Agrionina . Tribe II. Aeschnina : 5S Sub-fam. III: Gomphina. Sub-fam. IV. Aeschnina Tribe III. Libellulina NEUROPTERA. Sub-fam. V. Cordulina . Sub-fam. VI. Libellulina Fam. VII. Sranina Fam. VIII. Hemeropina Fam. IX. PanorPina . Fam. X. PHRYGANINA : . List of genera of North American Neuroptera . . Distribution of species of do. List of genera of South American Noneaet 5 . Summary ° . . ° Glossary . 5 : ; s Index c ° . . . Corrections and additions. 249 249 253 270 275 284 295 AUTHORITIES. NORTH AMERICAN NEUROPTERA. Bartram, Jolhm.—Observations on the Dragon-Fly, or Libellula of Pennsylvania. Philos. Transact. 1750, XLVI, 323. Observations upon the metamorphosis of the Odonata in general. Blanchard, Emiile.—Histoire naturelle des Insectes, ete. Paris, 1840, 1841, etc. 3 vols. 150 pl. Contains description of some typical forms from N. America, but no new species. Les planches dans Cuvier régne animal, edit. Masson, 1836—1846, 8vo. Corydalis cornuta and Chauliodes pectinicornis are figured in this work. Browne, Patrice.—The Civil and Natural History of Jamaica. London, 1789 (1756), fol. pp. 437. Four species of Odonata are mentioned: “1. Tota viridis; 2. Fusca tenuis, ad oculos et anum coeruleo-nitens; 3. Maxima rnfula, pectore crassiori; 4. Tenuior tota coerulea. These insects are very common in Jamaica.” Burmeister, Hermann.—Handbuch der Entomologie. Neurop- tera, II, Part I. Berlin, 1839, 8vo. 60 species from N. America are described in this work; 36 of them are new. Zoologischer Hand Atlas. Berlin, 1836—1843. Fol.,41 pl. Termes flavipes and its nympha are figured. (I have examined the types of Mr. Burmeister.) Coquebert, Amt. Joh.—lIllustratio iconographica insectorum que in museis parisinis observavit J. C. Fabricius. Paris, 1799—1804. Fol., 30 pl. Libellula eponina figured. Curtis, Johm.—Description of the Insects brought home by Com- mander James Clask. Ross’s Second Voyage. App. Nat. Hist. 1831, 4to. — pl. Tinodes hirtipes described. Drury, Drew.—lllustrations of Natural History, etc. London, 1770 —1782, 4to. 3 vols. (ed. Westwood, 1837). Several species are figured and described. Duncan, J.—Introduction to Entomology. London, 1840. 8vo., — pl. Libellula axillena figured by Mr. Westwood. xii AUTHORITIES. Erichson, Fr. W.—Beitraege zu einer Monographie von Mantispa. Germar’s Zeitschrift f. Entomologie, 1839, 8vo. I, Part I, 147—173, 1 pl. Contains three species. ‘ Insekten in Schomburgk’s Reise in Guyana, 1848, 8vo. III. Con- tains several species from the West Indies. Fabricius, J. C.—Entomologia Systematica et Supplementa. Haf- nie, 1792—1798, 8vo. 5 vols. Seventeen species are described, nine of them are new. (The same are contained in the works previously published by this author, viz: Systema Entomologiz, 1775 ; Species Insectorum, 1781; and Mantissa Insectorum, 1787.) Fabricius, Otto.—Fauna Groenlandica. Hafnie, 1780, 8vo. Contains Libellula virgo (erroneously), Phryganea rhombica, Termes divina- torium. See Schioedte. Fitch, Asa.—First Report on the Noxious, Beneficial, and other Insects of the State of New York. Albany, 1855, 8vo, Thirty-six species of Chrysopina and Hemerobina are described, mostly new. —— Winter Insects of eastern New York, from Dr. Emmons’ Journal of Agriculture and Science, 1847, vol. v, p. 274. Contains two spe- cies of Boreus and two of Perla new to science. De Geer, Charles.—Mémoires pour servir 4 Vhistoire des insectes. Stockholm, 4to, 1752—1778, 7 vols. Four species are described, two of them new. Giebel, C. G.—Fauna der Vorwelt, etc. Leipzig, 8vo. 1856. T. II, P. I, Insecta. Termes debilis included in gum Animé, described by Prof. Heer, erroneously, as a succinic insect. Gosse.—Canadian Naturalist. I have not seen this work, which contains two new Pteronarcys. Gray, G R.—In E. Griffith’s Animal Kingdom. London, 1824—1833. . 8vo. 16 vols. Contains some new species. Guérin-Meneville, F. E.—Iconographie du Régne animal. I have not seen this work, which contains one new Palingenia. Guilding, Landsdowme.—the generic characters of Formicaleo, with the description of two new species (from the West Indies). Trans. Linn. Soc. Lond. 1829, vol. xvi, p. 47. Hagem, H1.—Monographie von Termes in Linnwa, X, XII, XIV. 1855— 1860. Revue des Odonates; Monographie des Calopterygines; Monogra- phie des Gomphines. (cf. Selys Longchamps.) Haldeman.—Description of the Agrion veneri-notatum. Proceed. Acad. Philad. 1844. Termes nigriceps, ibid. 1853, June. Corydalus cornutus. Journ. Acad. Boston, 1848, with plates. Harris, Dr. T. W.—A Treatise on some of the Insects of New England, which are injurious to Vegetation. Boston, 1852. I regret much not to have seen this excellent work. Contains one Chrysopa. Heer, ©.—Die Insectenfauna der Tertiaergebilde von Oeningen und AUTHORITIES. Xili Radoboj. Leipzig, 1849, 4to. T. Il. Contains Termes debilis as succinic insect (included in Gum Animé). Kirby, W.—Fauna boreali-Americana, etc. Norwich, 1837, 4to. Con- tains a List of arctic Insects, Libellula virgo and Phryganea rhom- bica from O. Fabricius, and Tinodes hirtipes from J. Curtis; besides p. 252 the descriptions of four species taken in lat. 65—68. Agrion puella probably erroneously determined, and three new species, Perla bicaudata (erroneously), Limnephilus nebulosus and femoralis ; the descriptions are very incomplete. KMilug, Eriedr.— Monographie der Panorpatae. Act. Acad. Berolin. 1836, 4to., 1 plate. Contains five species, three new ones from N. America. Kolenati, F.—Genera et Species Trichopterorum. Part I. Prague, 1848, 4to. Contains three species from Greenland, Labrador, and N. America, one of them new. Systematisches Verzeichniss der dem Verfasser bekannten Phry- ganiden und deren Synonymik. Wien. Entom. Monatschrift, T. III, 1859, p. 15. Contains the names of six species from N. Ame- rica, four of them new. Genera et Species Trichopterorum. Part II. Nouv. Mémoir. de la Soc. Impér. des Naturalistes & Moscou. 1859, T. XI, 4. I have . not seen this work, which contains the descriptions of the species mentioned in the foregoing work. Kollar, V.—Naturgeschichte der schaedlichen Insekten. Wien, 1837, 4to. Contains Termes flavipes, injurious in the warmhouses of Schoenbrunn and Vienna. This description has been omitted in the translation of this work by Mr. Loudon. Latreilile, P.—Histoire naturelle, etc. des Insectes. Paris, 8vo. 1792 —1805, vol. xiv. Genera Crustaceorum et Insectorum. Paris, 4to. 1806—1809, vol. iv. Some species from N. America are described, but none of them are new. Leidy, J.—Internal Anatomy of Corydalus cornutus in its three stages of existence (with Haldeman). Lichtensteim.—Catalogus musei ditissimi (Holthuisen). Hamburg, 1796, 8vo. Part III. Contains one new Ephemera. Linme, C.—Systema Nature ed. XII. 1767, 8vo. Contains three spe- cies from N. America, two of which are described previously in Centuria Insector. 1763, 4to., or in Amoenit. Acad., vol. vi. The ed. xiii, by Mr. Gmelin, contains several species described by dif- ferent authors. wv. Motschulsky, V.—Two species of Termes from N. America are mentioned in the Etudes Entomologiques, T. IV. I find mentioned Etudes VIII, p. 11, two species of Phryganina from N. America, Leptocera flexuosa Haldeman, and Leptocera 8-maculata Haldeman. I do not know if, or where, these species are described. xiv AUTHORITIES. Newman, E.—Several species, chiefly Perlina, are described in Ento- mological Magaz., vol. v, and in Annals of Nat. History, vol. xiii, by this author. Newport, G.—On the Genus Pteronareys. Trans. Linn. Soc. Lond., vol. xx, and Annals of Nat. Histor., vol. xiii, contains, moreover, some species of Perlina. Olivier, G.—Encyclopédie méthodique, vol. vii, 4to. Some species of N. America are described by this author. — + Palisot Beauvois.—Insectes recueillis en Afrique et en Amérique. Paris, 1805—1821, fol. Three species are described by this author. Perty, M.—Delectus animalium articulatorum, etc. Monachie, 1830, 4to. One species of Termes from the West Indies has been described. Pictet, F'.—Histoire naturelle, etc. des insectes Neuroptéres. Part I, Perlides; Part II, Ephémérines. Genéve, 1841—1845, 8vo., with pl. color. Numerous species are figured and described in this first- rate work. Reichenbach. — Volks-naturgeschichte. Termes flavipes has been figured in this work. Rambur, P.—Histoire naturelle des Neuroptéres. Paris, 1842, 8vo., with plates (forms a part of the Suites & Buffon, published by Ro- ret). Numerous species are perfectly described, mestly new. Say, Th.— Descriptions of insects belonging to the order Neuroptera Linn. Latr., collected by the expedition authorized by J. C. Cal- houn, etc. under the command of Major 8. H. Long, in Godman’s Western Quarterly Reporter, 1823, vol. ii, No. 2, article iv, pp. 160, 165. This very rare work contains four species of Phryganina, three Ephemerina, one Myrmeleon, one Bittacus, and four Perlina, well described. —— Nine Species of Neuroptera (three Ephem., one Ascalaphus, two Hemerob., one Chauliodes, two Phrygan.), in Keating’s narrative of an expedition to the source of St. Peter’s River, etc., under the command of Major Long. Philadelphia, 1824, 8vo., vol. ii, p. 205. —— American Entomology, vol. ii, 1825, 8vo. Contains six figures (two Mantispa and four Phryganea), described and figured. ——— Descriptions of new N. American Neuropterous Insects, and obser- vations on some already described by (the late) Th. Say. Journ. Acad. of Nat. Sci. of Philadelphia, 1839, vol. viii, Part I, p. 9—46. Contains the descriptions of forty-nine species (ten Aeschna, twen- ty-one Libellula, three Calopteryx, three Lestes, four Agrion, four Baetis, one Ephemera, two Formicaleo, one Chrysopa), mostly new to science. Unfortunately the work of Prof. Burmeister was pub- lished at the same time and contains some species described by Mr. Say under different names. Savigmy, J. C.—Description de ’Egypte. Paris, 1825, fol. Contains the figure of one species of Libellula (Z. flavescens), found in N. America. AUTHORITIES. XV Schioedte, J. ©.—Arthropoden Groenlands, in Rink, geographischer, etc., Beschreibung Groenlands and in Berlin Entom. Zeitschr., 1859, t. III, p. 134. Contains four species (one Ephem., one Hem- erob., two Phrygan.). Schneider, W. G.—Symbole ad Monographiam generis Chrysope Leach. Vratislavie, 1851, 8vo., with plat. color. Contains seven species, well described and figured. De Selys Lomgchamps, E.—Revue des Odonates ou Libellules d’Europe avec la collaboration de H. Hagen. Paris, 1850, 8vo. (Mémoir. Soc. R. Science de Liége, vol. vi). Two species, Lib. hudsonica, p. 53, and Agrion Doubledayi, p. 209, are described in this work. Synopsis des Calopterygines. Bullet. Acad. Bruxelles, 1853, t. xx. Monographie des Caloptérygines avec collab. H. Hagen. Paris, 1854, 8vo. (Mém. Soc. R. Science de Liége, vol. ?). Fourteen spe- cies from N. America are described. in this work. Synopsis des Gomphines. Bullet. Acad. Bruxell. 1854, t. xxi. Monographie des Gomphines, avec collab. H. Hagen. Paris, 1857, Svo. (Mém. Soc. R. Science de Liége, vol. ?). Thirty-four species from N. America are described in this work. —— Additions au Synopsis des Caloptérygines. Bullet. Acad. Bruxell. ser. 2, 1859, T. VII, No. 7. — — Additions au Synopsis des Gomphines. Bullet. Acad. Bruxell., ser. 2, 1859, T. VII, No. 8. ——- Neuroptéres de l’isle de Cuba, de la Sagra Hist. Cuba, 1857, fol., T. VII, p. 183—201, or in Poey, Ins. Cuba, 8vo., p. 485—473. Con- tains thirty-nine species from the West Indies, chiefly Odonata ; several of them are new to science. Sloame, H.—A voyage to the islands Madeira, Barbadoes, Nieves, St. Christopher’s, and Jamaica, with the natural history, etc. of insects. London, 1707—1725, fol., 2 vols. Ten species of Libellula from Jamaica have been described in this work: 1. Libellula rufa major (an L. abdominalis?); 2. L. rufa minor (an L. simpler?); 3. L. maxima cceerulea aut viridis (an Aeschna ingens?) ; 4. L. purpurea (Lib. discolor); 5. L. ccerulea minor (Agrion spec.). Stephens, J. F.—Illustrations of British Entomology. London, 8vo., 1835. Mandibulata, vol. VI. Some species of European Neurop- tera mentioned in this work have been found in N. America. Swederus, N. 8.—Two species of Panorpa have been described by this author, Vetensk. Acad. nya Handl. Stockholm, 1787, T. VIII. Uhler, . R.—Contributions to the Neuropterology of the United States. Proceed. Acad. of Nat. Sc. Philad., 1857, March, p. 87. Seven spe- cies of Odonata are described. Walker, F.—Catalogue of the Specimens of Neuropterous Insects in the Collection of the British Museum. London, 8vo., Part I, 1852 (Phryganides, Perlides), p. 1—192; Part II, 1853 (Sialide—Ne- | i xvi AUTHORITIES. mopterides), p. 193—476; Part III, 1853 (Termitide—Ephemeridz), p. 477—585; Part IV, 1853 (Odonata, Calopterygine), p. 586—658. - In this work 234 species from N. America are described; numerous of them are new, chiefly from Canada and the Arctic regions. Wesmael, C.—Sur les Hemerobides de Belgique. Bullet. Acad. Brux- ell., 1841, vol. viii, p. 203. One species of Europe described here has been found in N. America. Westwood, J. @.—Monograph of the genus Panorpa. Trans. Entom. Soc. Lond., vol. iv, with plates. Contains fourteen species from N. America, some of them new. On the genus Mantispa. Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., new ser., vol. i, with plates. Contains three species from N. America. Introduction to the modern Classification of Insects. London, 1840, 8vo., vol. ii. Contains Termes flavipes, figured. Zetterstedt, J. W.— Insecta Lapponica. Lipsie, 1840, 4to. Some species from Lapland have been found in the Arctic regions of N. America, SOUTH AMERICAN NEUROPTERA. (The authorities mentioned above for North American Neuroptera are omitted.) Bianchard, E.—Insectes du voyage dans l’Amérique méridionale de M. Alcide d’Orbigny. 4to. pl. Insectes dans C. Gay historia fisica de Chili. Paris, 1851, 4to. I have not seen this work; a few Neuroptera are described and figuréd.! Fischer von Waldheim, G.—Notice sur quelques Orthoptéres et Neuroptéres du Brésil. Bullet. Acad. Moscow, 1834, T. VII, p. 322, 1 pl. col. Two Mantispa are described and figured. Hagen, H.—Neuroptera von Mossambic in Peters Reise, T. II. Written and printed 1853, but not yet published. Two Termes from Bra- zil are described. Monographie der Gattung Oligoneuria. Stettin, Entomol. Zeit. 1856, T. XVI, p. 262. Description of Mantispa chilensis, in Stettin. Entom. Zeit., 1859, T. XX, p. 408. Kirby, W.—Description of the Agrion brightwelli in Trans. Linn. Soc. London, 1825, T. XIV. 1 Twenty-six new species are described, and most of them figured, (Osten Sacken.) AUTHORITIES. xvii Kollar, V.—Brasiliens vorziiglich listige Insecten in Dr. Pohl’s Reise in Brasilien. Wien, 1832, 4to. Two species of Termes are de- scribed and figured. Pictet, F. J.—Description de quelques nouvelles espeéces de Neurop- teres du Musée de Genéve. Mém. Soc. Phys. Genéve, 1836, T. VII, p- 299. Littacus blanchetti and Macronema lineatum are described and figured. Percheron, A.—Genera des Insectes, with pl. Paris, 1831, 8vo. (with M. Guérin). One species of Palingenia has been described. Retzius, A.—C. De Geer genera et species insectorum ex auctoris scrip- tis extr. Lipsiew, 1783, 8vo. Rengger, J.—Reise nach Paraguay. Aarau, 1835, 8vo. Some species of Termes have been described in this work. ‘ Seba, A.—Locupletissimi rerum naturalium thesauri accurata descriptio et iconibus expressio. Amsterdam, 1734—1764, fol.,4 vols. Few species of Odonata are figured. Serville, A.—Les Neuroptéres, dans le t. X d’Encyclopedie méthodique de M. Olivier. (Mantispa semihyalina.) Thunberg, C. P.—Fauna Surinamensis. Upsalia, 1822, 4to. Fauna Cayennensis. Upsaliw, 1823, 4to. Fauna Brasiliensis. Upsaliz, 1823, 4to. Fauna Americe meridionalis. Upsaliz, 1823, 4to., 3 parts. I have not been able to use this work, which contains the complete list of all the species described. (cf. Stett. Entom. Zeit. XVIII, p. 202.) Weber, F.—Observationes entomologice. Kiel, 1801, 8vo. (Hphemera atrostoma.) Westwood, 5. @.—Characters of Embia. Trans. Linn. Soc. Lond., 1837, T. XVII, with pl. dca Ihck SAL pe, eit varett. mal F hettaiinliess sve Ft vs ; a dike” dered, wr >. Sdebwntie oni os ER ae, tal ae ? 2 ake | rithy Aah hua, fyelinnmees Lot SY . 1 rR MRR BED Nt beth “ate ri .f * VOTRE. Ga Seen? ait, maths ae ke : fiiwy + - . wir wie Ni als levy, fiat a pkg peste ; iE ipo) Ami} a) if tow din : Ty alae aug? wii bana : tF% ‘na ren i “i 4 —— ue W ; " wef rat) fis mn reety Geet af ey Figen wendy) Albee th rm ite * ay ‘ vk wa i ahr hdd ed Pa wr ‘yw . he) aaa (hiihx rai eae : ; GN RY eT alee 4 “Wa ine Fabetn, — - Sis ed Eee e tert iti 1 Aveda. fel NP ED: Ch ifaw . ‘ pa ~ f } 4 hailed i ny ory 5 nacaegh - ; ‘ oy at Wey wari’ igre rtf Ui ' ide MWh Alay EO Ct : a ue ha ' yh ops Cea see e Ugh «eh ed coc NT: seth “toe Soon ar ey ane ene ‘ J nye hg i ae He ASR. $ A . yer ' - in] A , in ‘ { i? . u " ‘ ‘ ‘ ‘ i : A - ' t i ee he WA ' r * 1 . + 4 Pal tA : * - . > an ; lad gl “ y i ¥ \ . ] , Aly > 4 ? r e 1 F re . 1 a) F. a a 2 ’ : ‘ r fie ty ei ‘ c , Oe fi » 4 A % / Fs . é ; 4 \ 7 . ANALYTICAL TABLE, SECTIONS. Section I.—PSEUDONEUROPTERA Enricus. Mandibulate insects with an incomplete metamorphosis (active pupa) ; lower lip mostly cleft; four membranaceous, reticulate wings (rarely with rudimentary wings or apterous); antenne either subulate, and then the tarsi three- to five-articulate, or setiform, or filiform, in which case the tarsi are two- to four-articulate. Famiuies.— Termitina, Embidina, Psocina, Perlina, Ephemerina, Odonata. Section IJL.—NEUROPTERA Enricus. Mandibulate insects with complete metamorphosis (inactive pupa) ; lower lip entire; four membranaceous, more or less reticulate wings rarely with rudimentary wings or apterous); antenne setiform, filiform, clavate, capitate, or pectinate ; tarsi five-articulate. Famities.—Sialina, Hemerobina, Panorpina, Phryganina. FAMILIES. Four or two distinct wings ; Antenne inconspicuous, subulate, short and slender. Anterior and posterior wings nearly of the same length; tarsi triarti- culate. Fam. VI. Oponata. Posterior wings either smaller or wanting; tarsi four- or five-articu- late. Fam. V. EPHEMERINA. Antenne mostly conspicuous, setiform, filiform, clavate, capitate, or pectinate. Tarsi two- or three-articulate ; Wings equal. Fam. II. EmBrpina. 1 These tables, prepared by Baron Osten Sacken at the request of the Institution, are to be considered as merely provisional in their nature, and as not aiming at a natural arrange- ment of the families. xX SYNOPSIS OF NEUROPTERA. Wings unequal. Posterior wings smaller. Fam. III. Psocrna (in part). Posterior wings broader, or at least of the same size with the anterior ones. Fam. IV. Peruina (in part). Tarsi four-articulate; wings equal. Fam. IJ. Termirina (in part). Tarsi five- (sometimes apparently four-articulate). Posterior wings with no anal space; not folded. Mouth more or less rostrated. Fam. IX. PAnorpina (in part). Mouth not rostrated (at the utmost only conical). Fam. VIII. Hemeropina. Posterior wings with a folded anal space. ! Wings reticulate. Fam. VII. Sranina. Transverse veins rather few. Fam. X. PuryGAnina (in part). Apterous, or with rudimentary wings; Mouth rostrated. Fam. IX. PAnorprina (in part). Mouth not rostrated. Tarsi five-articulate. Fam. X. Paryeanina (in part). Tarsi four-articulate. Fam. I. Termitina (in part). Tarsi three-articulate. Apterous, or with two rudimentary wings of a leathery substance. Fam. III. Psocrya (in part). Four rudimentary wings, still with distinct neuration. Fam. IV. Perna (in part). 1 The anal space is absent in a few Phryganina. NEUROPTERA OF OT PE) MDE eee. SECTION I. PSEUDONEUROPTERA. Fam. I. TERMITINA. Body depressed, ovate; head free; wings equal, mem- branaceous, deciduous; tarsi 4-articulate. CALOTERMES Hacen. Head small, two ocelli; prothorax large, transverse, oblong ; costal area veined ; tarsi furnished with an apical plantula. ‘1. C. castaneus! Termes castaneus Burm.! II. 764, 3.—Termes anticus Walk.! Catal. 523, 31.—Termes guatimale Walk.! Catal. 528, 38.—Caloterm. castaneus Hag.! Linn. XII, 38,1; tab. ii, fig. 2; tab. iii, fig. 2. Chestnut-color, beneath, antenne and feet luteous; the wings tinged with brown, margin and costal veins infuscate ; head ellip- tical ; prothorax quadrangular, anteriorly a little sinuated ; median nervule approaching the subcostal one, its apex bifurcated. Var. Smaller, pale, wings hyaline. (Cuba, St. Domingo.) Length to tip of wings 13—20 millimetres. Length of body 6—8 millim. Expanse of wings 23—36 millim. Hab. San Francisco, California (Chamisso) ; Honduras (Miller) ; Guatimala (Deby); Cuba; Porto-Rico; St. Domingo, Port-au- Prince (Ehrenberg); Columbia, Venezuela (Moritz, Appun) ; Brazil (Olfers); Rio (Schott); St. Leopoldo; Chile; Isle of France (?). Collection of de Selys Longchamps. Nore.—An exclamation point after the specific name at the head of an article shows that the description has been made by the author from a spe- cimen. When placed after a reference, it shows that the author has seen the type of the description. t 2 NEUROPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA, 2. C. marginipennis! Termes marginipenne Latr.!| Humboldt, Recueil, H, 111; tab. xxxix, fig. 8.—Term. mexicanus Walker! Catal. 528, 39.—Caloterm. mar- ginipennis Hag.! Linn. XII, 47,6; XIV, 100. Fulvous, beneath, antenne and feet luteous; wings whitish, margin and costal veins yellowish ; head square; prothorax square, anteriorly emarginate; median and subcostal veins separated. A smaller specimen from San Diego does not differ in coloring. Var. Smaller, fuliginous, beneath, antenne and feet fuscous ; wings dirty-fuscous, margin and costal veins infuscate. (California. ) Length to tip of wings 18—19 millimetres. Body T—8 millim. Expanse of wings 31 millim. Hab. Mexico (Humboldt, Muehlenpford, Deppe); Cuantla (Saussure); San Francisco and San Diego, California. 3. C. posticus! Calotermes posticus Hag.! Linn. XII, 67, 15. Piceous, base of the antenne and feet bright yellow; wings ; head square; prothorax oblong. Length of body 43 millim. Hab. St. Thomas (Moritz). 4. C. brevis! Termes brevis Walk.! Catal. 524, 33—Term. indecisus Walk.! Catal. 524, 32.—Term. flavicollis Walk.! (in part) Catal. 502, 1 (Imago), 503 (Soldier).— Term. lucifugus Walk. (in part)! Catal. 505, 3.—Calo- term. brevis Hag.! Linn. XII, 68, 16; tab. ii, fig. 6; tab. iii, fig. 5. Linn. XIV, p. 101. Fulvous, beneath, antenne and feet pale; wings hyaline, costal veins yellowish, linear, head square; prothorax large, oblong, anteriorly emarginate ; median nervure distant, curved before the apex, united to the subcostal one. Length to tip of wings 9 millim. Body 4 millim. Expanse of wings 16 millim. Hab. Mexico (Deppe), Vera-Cruz (Sallé) ; Central America; Jamaica (Gosse); Cuba (Poeppig, Osten Sacken); St. Thomas (Moritz), St. Fe de Bogota; Brazil (Olfers, Schott, Natterer, Kuemmel). The variety from Mexico has the median nervure, sometimes not curved, nor joined to the subcostal one. Is it a distinct species ? TERMOPSIS—TERMES. 3 TERMOPSIS Heer. Flead large ; ocelli absent ; prothorax small ; costal area veined ; tarsi with an apical plantula. 1. T. angusticollis ! Termes castaneus Walk.! Catal. 506, 4.—Termops. angusticollis Hag.! Linn. XII, 75,1; tab. ii, fig. 1; tab. iii, figs. 6,41. Linn. XIV, 101. Rufous, beneath paler, mouth infuscate; wings dusky hyaline, costal veins rufous; head oval, flat; prothorax small, semicircular. Length to tip of wings 26 millim. Body 11 millim, Expanse of wings 46 millim. Hab. Louisiana (Pfeiffer); San Francisco, California (Hart- weg); Ft. Steilacoom, Puget Sound (Dr. Suckley). 2. T. occidentis ! Termes occidentis Walk.! Catal. 529, 41.— Termops. occidentis Hag.! Linn. XII, 77, 2; tab. i, fig. 8. Linn. XIV, 101. Soldier. Fulvous, broad, head thick, rounded; prothorax ante- riorly strongly emarginate ; meso- and metathorax with the poste- rior angles produced. Length of body 14 millim. Hab. West coast of Central America (Wood). The genus of this species is doubtful; it may, perhaps, be Zer- mopsis angusticollis Hagen. TERMES Livy. Head large, rounded, two ocelli; prothorax heart-shaped, small; costal area free; plantula absent. l. T. flavipes! Termes flavipes Kollar! Naturgesch. schiadl. Ins. 411. Burm. II, 768, 14. Burm. Zoolog. Hand-atlas, tab. xxvii, figs. 9,10. Westw.! Intro- duct. II, 14; tab. lviii, figs. 12,14,15. Hag.! Linn. XII, 182, 26; XIV, 107. Reichenbach Volksnaturgesch. fig. col. Latr. Diction. Vhist. nat. XXII. Termes frontale Haldem.! (teste Osten Sacken), Proc. Acad. Philad. 1844, II, 55. Chestnut color; head and prothorax black-brown; antenne brownish, annulated with pale; mouth, tibie and tarsi yellow; 4 NEUROPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA. wings whitish, a little roughened, costal veins yellowish; head quadrangular, flat, with a distinct fovea in the middle, ocelli dis- tant, prothorax cordiform. Length to tip of wings 9 millim. Body 5 millim. Expanse of wings 16 millim. Hab, U. 8. (Bose, Beauvois, Schaum); Cleveland, Ohio (Le Conte) ; Cincinnati; Paduca (Motschulsky) ; Pennsylvania (Hal- deman) ; Maryland (Uhler); Washington (Osten Sacken) ; Caro- lina (Zimmerman) ; Eutaw, Alabama; Florida (Osten Sacken) ; Mexico, Matamoras, Tamaulipas (Couch); E durope (Plant-houses of Schonbrunn, Kollar). Specimens from Florida are smaller and paler, but not distinct. 2. T. morio! Termes morio Latr.! Hist. Nat. XIII, 69,3. Dict. d’hist. nat. XXII, 3. Burm.! II, 767, 11. Hagen! Linn. XII, 201, 34; tab. iii, fig. 29. Linn. XIV, 122.—Termes cornigera Motschulsky! Etudes Entom. IV, 10. Pitchy-black ; antenne, mouth, feet and venter yellowish ; wings opaque, peice -gray, costal veins black- brown; head flat, quad- rangular, a bifid impressed line upon the fnisiaie ocelli large, distant ; prothorax small, semicircular. Length to tip of wings 12—14 millim. Body 5 to 6 millim. Expanse of wings 22—25 millim. Hab, Guatimala (Sivers); Panama (Motschulsky); St. Domingo (Ehrenberg) ; Porto-Rico (Moritz); Martinique; Venezuela (Mo- ritz, Appun) ; Santarem, Brazil (Batés). Nasuti and workers from Matanzas, Cuba (Osten Parken seem to belong here. 3. T. debilis! Termes debilis Heer! Insektenfauna der Tertiiirgebilde II, 35,19; tab. ili, fig. 6 (contained in gum copal). Giebel, Fauna der Vorwelt, II, 295.—Termes morio Burm. (in part) II, 767, 11.—7Z. debilis Hag.! Linn. XII, 205, 38; tab. iii, fig. 30. Brownish-black, antennz annulated with white; mouth, feet and middle of the venter yellowish; wings opaque, blackish-gray, costal veins fuseous; head convex, square, an impressed point upon the middle; ocelli small, approaching the eyes; prothorax small, rounded. Length to tip of wings 8} millim. Body 33 millim. Expanse of wings 16 millim. TERMES. 5 Hab, Porto-Rico (Moritz); Brazil, Congonhas (Burmeister). Frequently found in gum copal. 4. T. Rippertii! Termes Rippertii Ramb.! Neuropt. 308, 15.—Walk.! Catal. 520, 4; Hagen! Linn. XII, 218, 47; tab. ii, fig. 13; tab. iii, fig. 32. Linn. XIV, 118.—Termes destructor Perty! Delect. 127; tab. xxv, fig. 9. Ferrugineous, head piceous, fulvous in front; the antennae, feet, prothorax and abdomen beneath in the middle luteous ; wings opaque, yellowish-gray, costal veins rufous; head flat, with an impressed line; eyes very prominent, ocelli close to the eyes; prothorax semicircular, short. Length to tip of wings 14—18 millim. Body 5—7 millim. Expanse of wings 27—35 millim. Hab. Havana, Cuba (Rippert) ; Trinidad (Osten Sacken); Ja- maica (Gosse); Columbia (Moritz); Brazil (Spix); Ypanema (Natterer) ; New-Freiburg (Beschke); Isle of France? (Collect. de Selys). A damaged specimen from Vera Cruz (Sallé) seems to belong here. 5. T. lividus! « Termes lividus Burm.! I, 767,12. Walk. Catal. 515,13. Hagen! Linn. XII, 221, 49 ; tab. iii, fig. 33. Testaceous, the mouth, middle of the prothorax, antenne, feet, and margins of the abdominal segments luteous; wings opaque, yellowish gray, costal veins rufous ; head small, flat, a small yellow line upon the middle, ocelli large, approaching the eyes ; prothorax almost orbicular. Length to tip of wings 14 millim. Body 6 millim. Expanse of wings 27 millim. Hab, Port au Prince, St. Domingo (Ehrenberg). 6. T. armiger! Termes armiger Motschulsky ! Etud. Ent. IV, 10. Hagen! Linn. XII, 228, 52; tab. i, fig. 1. A nasute soldier. Rufous; thorax and feet a little paler; head pear-shaped, large, anteriorly porrected into a long nose; mandi- bles ensiform ; prothorax small, anterior lobe narrow, recurved, anterior angles prominent, depressed, posterior margin rounded. Length of body 62 millim. 6 NEUROPTERA Of NORTH AMERICA. Hab. Panama, Obispo (Motschulsky). Imago unknown. 7. T. tenuis! Termes tenuis Hagen! Linn. XII, 231, 57; tab. iii, fig. 35. Pale yellow; head and prothorax a little brownish; wings opaque, pale whitish-yellow, the costal veins luteous ; head oblong, convex, a salient point in the middle; ocelli absent; prothorax quadrangular. Length to tip of wings 10 millim. Body 3 millim. Expanse of wings 20 millim. Hab. St. Domingo, Port au Prince (Ehrenberg); Columbia (Moritz); Brazil (Helm). The ocelli, which are present in the other species, are absent in this. In-other respects it belongs to the genus. 8. T. simplex! Termes simplex Hag.! Linn. XII, 238, 60; tab. iii, fig. 23. Fulvous, antenne and feet yellowish, wings hyaline, a little roughened, costal veins yellowish; head rounded, convex, a dis- tinct fovea upon the middle, ocelli small, closely approximate ; prothorax flat, semicircular; wings with the median nervure ab- sent. Length to tip of wings 10 millim. Body 5 millim. Expanse of wings 17 millim. Hab, Cuba (Poeppig). An anomalous species. Only a single, very much damaged, specimen seen. 9. T. nigriceps. Termes nigriceps Haldeman, Proceed. Acad. Philad. 1853, June, VI, 365.—Hag. Linn. XII, 230, 55. Workers and soldiers nasute; head blackish-brassy, pyriform, nasute, antenne, feet and body yellow. Length of body 3 millim. Hab. Western Mexico (Leconte). Unknown to me. 10. T. strenuus! Termes strenuus Hagen! Linn. XIV, 105. Fuscous, villose; mouth, antenne, feet and margins of the CLOTHILLA. 7 abdominal segments fulvous; wings opaque, brown, costal margin yellow, subcostal and basal veins blackish-brown; head rather large, opaque, rounded, flat, impressed in the middle, brassy, ocelli rather small, distant ; prothorax semicircular, opaque. Length to tip of wings 22—25 millim. Body 8—10 millim. Expanse of wings 42—47 millim. Hab. Vera Cruz, Mexico (Sallé). ll. T. fumosus! Termes fumosus Hagen! Linn. XIV, 123.—Perhaps imago of Termes nigriceps. Blackish-brown, brassy; antenne blackish-brown annulated with pale; mouth, venter and feet yellowish-brown, tibiz a little ob- scure; wings opaque, dark-smoky, costal veins blackish-brown, the rest fusecous; head flat, rounded, anteriorly bi-impressed ; ocelli rather large, distant; prothorax hardly narrower than the head, semicircular. Length to tip of wings 14 millim. Body 6 millim. Expanse of wings 24 millim. Hab. Vera Cruz, Mexico (Sallé). IT have seen similar specimens, badly preserved, from Matamoras, Tamaulipas. They may be distinct. Fam. II. EMBIDINA. Body depressed, linear; head free; wings equal, mem- branous; tarsi triarticulate. I have seen a specimen (perhaps a larva) without wings, not well preserved, from Cuba (Gundlach, Berlin Museum). Pale fuscous. Length of body 4 millim. Belonging to the genus Olyntha? “It is probably a new species. Fam. III. PSOCINA. Body oval; head free; prothorax small, obtected; wings unequal, sometimes wanting; tarsi two- or three-articulate. CLOTHILLA WEsrtwoop. (Lepinolus von Heyden; Paradoxenus and Paradoxides Motsch.) Ocelli absent ; wings incomplete, coriaceous ; tarsi triarticulate. 8 NEUROPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA. 1. C. picea! Paradoxenus piceus Motschulsky ! in lit. Entirely piceous, with a brassy reflection. The specimen seen was imperfect ; the wings were wanting. Length of body 1 millim. Hab, California. ATROPOS Leacu. Ocelli and wings absent; tarsi triarticulate. l. A. divinatorius. Termes divinatorius 0. Fab. Fu. Groenl. 214, 181. Pale, mouth fuscous, eyes black, anus obscure (Descript. from Fab.) Length 1 millim. ? Hab, Greenland. In old books. Perhaps it is A. pulsatorius Leach. PSOCUS Larr. Three ocelli; wings membranaceous, rather unequal; tarsi two- or three-articulate. + Tarst three-articulate. * Discoidal cellule closed, quadrangular. 1. P. sparsus! Psocus sparsus Hagen! Fuscous, varied with yellow and white; nasus lineated with grayish-fuscous, front yellow, punctured and lineated with black ; antennee rather slender, pale; the two basal joints thicker, yel- low, black at base; thorax fuscous, varied with yellow; femora fuscous, annulated with pale before the apex, tibiz and tarsi pale, with the apex fuscous; anterior wings opaque, fuscous, densely varied with yellow and gray, veins yellow, spotted with fuscous ; pterostigma triangular; posterior wings a little smoky, costal margin at the apex interruptedly fuscous and yellow. Length to tip of wings 6 millim. Expanse of anterior wings 11 millim. Hab, Washington (Osten Sacken, 1858); Baltimore (Uhler). PSOCUS. 9 2. P. lugens ! Psocus lugens Hagen! Fuscous, varied with white ; nasus fuscous, lineated with gray ; front fuscous, occiput striated with whitish ; antennz rather slen- der, brownish, two basal articulations thicker, apex pale, set with the apical articulations whitish; thorax fuscous, margined with white ; femora fuscous, annulated with pale before the apex; tibize and tarsi paler, at the apex fuscous; anterior wings opaque, fuscous, densely varied with gray, margin and veins marked with white points; pterostigma triangular; posterior wings a little smoky, costal margin at the apex interruptedly white and fuscous. Length to tip of wings 43 millim. Expanse of anterior wings 8 millim. fab. Washington (Osten Sacken, 1857). * * Discoidal cellule open, absent. 3. P. signatus! Psocus signatus Hagen} Blackish-fuscous; eyes globose, distant, prominent; nasus blackish-fuscous, lineated with gray; front each side anteriorly with an oblique band, and a whitish yellow point upon the occiput ; thorax margined with yellow; abdomen luteous; feet luteous, tarsi blackish-fuscous; wings hyaline, veins fuscous, pterostigma narrow, linear, blackish-fuscous, posterior margin at base fuscous; cellule at the posterior margin free, elliptically triangular. Length to tip of wings 5 millim. Expanse of anterior wings 9 millim. Hab. New York. It is very much like Psocus ¢mmunis Stephens (naso, Rambur), but differs a little in the reticulation of the wings. Is it distinct ? 4. P. pumilis! Psocus pumilis Hagen! Pale Iuteous; nasus brassy-fuscous, obsoletely lineated with gray; front with a medial, longitudinal, blackish-fuscous stripe, two incurved fuscous lines at the eyes; thorax marked with fus- cous; the feet pale luteous; anterior wings pale grayish hyaline, pterostigma, interrupted basal band and the margin behind the 10 NEUROPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA. base fuscous, veins fuscous; pterostigma short, rounded; cellule of the posterior margin free, elliptical. Length to tip of wings 3; millim. Expanse of anterior wings 6 millim. ) ‘Hab. New York. + + Tarsi two-articulate. * Discoidal cellule closed, quadrangular. 5. P. venosus! Psocus venosus Burm.! II, 778, 10; Walk. Catal. 484, 9.—Ps. magnus Walk.! Catal. 484, 10.—Ps. microphthalmus Ramb. Neur. 321, 6.— Ps. aceris Fitch! MSS. Collection of de Selys Longchamps. Fuscous; head brassy, antenne blackish-fuscous (in the male rather thicker, pilose), the two basal articulations luteous ; thorax margined with yellow; the feet luteous, tarsi fuscous; anterior wings fuscous or blackish-fuscous, pterostigma triangular, yellow- ish; basal veins yellowish, apical ones fuscous ; posterior wings smoky-hyaline. Length to tip of wings 6—8 millim. Expanse of anterior wings 12—15 millim. Hab. New York (Winthem, Asa Fitch, Uhler); Washington » (Osten Sacken, 1858); Mount Pleasant, Ohio; Mexico (Deppe) ; Cuba (Riehl, Poey); Maryland (Uhler). Specimens communicated by Baron Osten Sacken are a little smaller, blacker, with the apex of the tibie black; but they belong to this species. 6. P. contaminatus ! Psocus contaminutus Hagen! Fuscous; nasus yellow, scarcely lineated with obscure brown; the front luteous, two occipital spots, two at the nasus and two at the ocelli black; antenne rather slender, fuscous; thorax black, margined with yellow; the feet luteous, knees and tarsi fuscous ; wings hyaline, pterostigma triangular, blackish-fuscous; apical margin with a large band attaining to the inferior angle of the pterostigma and a spot upon the middle of the posterior margin, cloudy-fuscous ; posterior wings hyaline. Length to tip of wings 7 millim. Expanse of anterior wings 13 millim. PSOCUS. Il Hab. New York; Maryland (Uhler); Washington (Osten Sacken); Vera Cruz, Mexico (Salle). 7. P. nove scotiz! Psocus nove scotie Walk. Catal. 485, 12.—Psocus crataegi Fitch. Col- lection of de Selys Longchamps. Blackish-fuscous ; head pale yellow, two spots upon the occiput and two at the eyes black; front fuscous in the middle; antennz black ; thorax black, margined with yellow ; feet testaceous, tibize at apex and tarsi pitchy; wings hyaline, anterior ones with four fuscous spots, one at the pterostigma, another at the apex, the rest at the posterior margin, the basal one joined to an obscure spot ; veins black. Length to tip of wings 6 millim. Expanse of anterior wings 12 millim. Hab. Nova Scotia (Redman) ; New York (Asa Fitch). 8. P. moestus ! Psocus moestus Hag.! Brownish-black, spotted with yellow ; nasus yellow, lineated with fuscous, and fuscous in front; occiput yellow, varied with fuscous, antenne rather slender, pale, the two basal articulations fuscous; apex yellow; thorax and abdomen brownish-black; femora fus- cous, knees yellow, tibiz pale, their apex and the tarsi fuscous; wings milky-hyaline, densely spread with small fuscous points, veins fuscous, basal ones yellow; pterostigma triangular, the in- ternal angle yellow. Length to tip of wings 44 millim. Expanse of anterior wings 8 millim. Hab. Dalton, Georgia (Osten Sacken). 9. P. striatus! Psocus striatus Walk.! Catal. 486, 16. Pallid; nasus yellow lineated with black; front yellow, a band upon the middle and punctiform lines at the eyes black; eyes of the male globose, prominent, rather approximate; antenne fus- cous, two basal articulations pale; antennz of the male thicker, the seta hairy ; thorax black marked with yellow; abdomen yellow, a black fascia upon the middle; feet pallid, femora fuscous above, 12 NEUROPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA. tarsi fuscous; wings hyaline, pterostigma large triangular, acute, fuscous, internal angle paler; posterior margin at base and a discoidal nebula fuscous ; posterior wings hyaline. Length to tip of wings 64 millim. Expanse of anterior wings 2°millim. Hab, Nova Scotia (Redman); New York, Washington (Osten Sacken, 1857); Pennsylvania (Zimmerman). 10. P. quietus! Psocus quietus Hag.! Luteous; the nasus luteous lineated with black, a spot at base and two anteriorly black; front luteous varied with black; antennee pale; thorax black; feet pale luteous, tibie at base and apex obscurer ; wings hyaline, veins luteous, pterostigma triangular, inferior angle rounded, obscure. Length to tip of wings 5 millim. Expanse of anterior wings 9 millim. ; Hab. New York; Dalton, Georgia (Osten Sacken). * * Discoidal cellule open, absent. ll. P. mobilis ! Psocus mobilis Hag.! Pale brown, hairy; wings hyaline, pterostigma narrow, ovate ; cellule at the posterior margin free, elliptical. Length to tip of wings 24 millim. Expanse of anterior wings 4% millim. Hab. Cuba (von Winthem). Described from a single damaged specimen. 12. P. madidus! Psocus madidus Hag.! Pale luteous; nasus brassy fuscous, lineated with obscure gray, two spots upon the occiput and a third upon the front black; antenne pallid; tibize obscurer at base; wings pale gray, with two paler obsolete bands, the veins luteous; pterostigma narrow, ovate; no posterior marginal cellule. Length to tip of wings 3} millim. Expanse of anterior wings 6 millim. Hab. New York; Dalton, Georgia (Osten Sacken). PSOCUS. ey 13. P. abruptus! Psocus abruptus Hag.! Brown, hairy; head and thorax brassy; antenne very slender, whitish, the apical joints infuscate at their tip; posterior femora fuscous, whitish at apex; anterior wings brown with a brassy re- flection, a narrow, transverse, hyaline band before the apex, veins ciliated: pterostigma elongated, ovate ; no cellule at the posterior margin; posterior wings grayish-hyaline. (Female. ) Length to tip of wings 4 millim. Expanse of anterior wings 7 millim. | " flab, Washington; Dalton, Georgia (Osten Sacken). 14. P. corruptus! Psocus corruptus Hag.! Pale brown, hairy ; head and thorax brassy; eyes rather promi- nent, globose, front ‘narrower than in the preceding; antennze thicker, hairy, seta fuscous, all the articulations pale at base; feet pale; anterior wings shining brassy-brown, pterostigma brown; a spot before the apex, upon the costal margin and a discoidal cloud, grayish-hyaline; veins with fuscous cilia; posterior wings grayish- hyaline. (Male.) Length to tip of wings 4 millim. Expanse of anterior wings 7 millim. Hab. Washington (Osten Sacken, 1858); Dalton, Georgia (Osten Sacken). Reticulation of the wings as in the preceding. Is it the other sex of that species ? The reticulation in Ps. abruptus and Ps. corruptus is abnormal, and may constitute a distinct subgenus, or rather genus. 15. P. salicis! Psocus salicis Fitch! Collection of de Selys Longchamps. Very small, brown; head and thorax brassy; mouth yellow; eyes very small, front broad; antenne very slender, villose, apex obscurer; feet pale; wings hyaline, veins brown; pterostigma hyaline, anteriorly truncated ; posterior marginal cellule elliptical. Length to tip of wings 13 millim. Expanse of wings 3 millim. Hab. New York (Asa Fitch). 14 NEUROPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA. 16. P. aurantiacus! Psocus aurantiacus Hag.! Orange-colored, shining; head bright orange, occiput in the middle dusky ; antennz pale, brownish-black at the apex; thorax orange with four cloudy spots upon the dorsum ; feet yellow, tarsi fuscous at the apex; abdomen yellow; wings yellowish-hyaline, pterostigma bright yellowish green; veins yellow, apical ones fuscous ; cellule of the posterior margin orbicular, (Female. ) Length to tip of wing 34 millim. Expanse of wings 6 millim. Flab. Dalton, Georgia (Osten Sacken). Fam. IV. PERLINA. Body depressed, elongated, parallel; prothorax large; an- tenn long, setaceous; wings unequal, posterior ones broader; tarsi three-articulate. + Two abdominal sete. * Wings charged with many irregular transverse veins. PTERONARCYS Newman. Wings densely net-veined ; palpi setaceous; mandibles mem- branaceous. This genus is very abnormal on account of its imago being furnished with external branchie. l. P. proteus! Pteronarcys proteus Newman! Entom. Mag. V,177, 3. Walk.! Catal. 139, 1. Gosse, Canadian Naturalist, fig. —, p. 232. Fuscous, head broader than the prothorax; antenne paler at base; sides of the prothorax emarginate, a little broader poste- riorly, an interrupted yellow line upon the middle. (Is it so always?) Feet yellowish-fuscous, knees yellow; abdomen beneath yellowish; the caudal setz luteous, paler at base; ¢ last ventral segment yellowish, narrower, sparsely punctured; ? ? antepenultimate seg- ment truncated, armed with two distant, conical, yellowish append- ages ; wings pale grayish-hyaline, veins fuscous, clouded. ‘Length to tip of wings 38—48 millim. Expanse of wings 73—90 millim. Hab. Trenton Falls, New York (Doubleday); Mackenzie River district (Richardson) ; North Red River (Robt. Kennicott). PTERONARCYS. 15 2. P. regalis! Pteronarcys regalis Newm.! Entom. Mag. V, 176, 1. Newm.! Annals Nat. Hist. XIII, 21. Pictet, Perlides, 134. Ann. Sci. Nat. I, 183. Newport! Trans. Linn. Soc. XX, p. 425; tab. xxi, fig. 1—11; 14— 17. Froriep, Notiz. XXX, 179. Walker! Catal. 140, 3. P. proteus Pictet, Perl. 128, 1; tab. xxix, fig. 1—6. Ramb. Neuropt. p. 449. Fuscous, head as broad as the prothorax; antennx pitchy ; sides of the prothorax emarginate, not broader behind, a narrow, yellow line upon the middle; feet fuscous; abdomen fuscous, apex yellowish ; caudal sete fuscous, at base yellowish; ¢ last ventral segment yellowish; 9 antepenultimate segment produced, in the middle a broad, quadrangular excision; wings grayish-hyaline, before the apex a little clouded with fuscous, veins fuscous. _ Length to tip of wings 44—48 millim. Expanse of wings T6— 84 millim. flab. Canada; Mackenzie and Slave River districts (Richard- son); St. Martin’s Falls, Albany River, Hudson’s Bay (Barnston) ; Philadelphia. 3. P. biloba! Pteronarcys biloba Newm.! Entom. Mag. V, 176, 2. Pictet, Perl. 135. Walk.! Catal. 140, 3. Brownish-black ; head narrower than the prothorax; prothorax not emarginated at the sides, posteriorly a little broadened, a line upon the middle yellow; feet brownish-black ; abdomen brownish- ‘black, beneath in the middle with a broad, yellowish band; caudal setee brownish-black ; ? antepenultimate ventral segment blackish- brown, produced, incised in the middle; wings grayish-hyaline, before the apex a little clouded with fuscous, veins fuscous. Length-to tip of wings 46 millim. Expanse of wings 84 millim. Hab. Trenton Falls; St. Martin’s Falls, Albany River, Hud- son’s Bay (Barnston) ; Minnesota (Osten Sacken). I have seen the typical specimens in the British Museum*; but I am not certain whether the female from Minnesota belongs here. 4. P. nobilis! Pteronarcys nobilis Hagen | Black, head broader than the prothorax ; antenne black ; pro- thorax quadrangular, sides straight, a yellow line narrowed in the middle; feet black ; abdomen black, beneath with a broad orange 16 NEUROPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA, band; caudal sete black, piceous at base; ¢ last ventral segment deep black; 2 antepenultimate one truncated, orange, two short setiform appendages? (they cannot be clearly seen); wings gray- ish-hyaline, clouded with fuscous, veins fuscous. Length to tip of wings 31—34 millim. Expanse of 1 wings 55— 66 millim. Hab. New York. Does the ‘smaller, new species” from Sherbrooke, Lower Canada (Gosse, Ganadian Naturalist), belong here ? 5. P. californica. Pteronarcys californicus Newp.! Trans. Linn. Soc. XX, 450. Proceed. Linn. Soc. I, 388. Walk.! Catal. 140, 5. Fuscous; labrum, clypeus and front rufous; prothorax with an interrupted, yellow line upon the middle; abdomen orange-yellowish, the sides fuscous, the last ventral segment broad, pilose, the apex . deeply incised; caudal setze at base yellow; antenne and feet black ; wings with obscure black veins, pterostigmal spot absent. (Description taken from that of Mr. Newport.) (Male.) Almost the size of P. proteus. Hab. California (Hartweg). I saw the species in the British Museum, but I am not now able to furnish a more accurate description. 6. P. insignis. Kollaria insignis Pictet, Perl. 123; tab. iv, fig. 1—8. Walker, Catal. 38, 1. Fuscous; head equal in width to prothorax ; prothorax quadran- gular, on middle a yellow line ; abdomen black, segments margined behind with yellow; feet yellowish-brown, knees yellowish ; caudal setee fuscous, yellow at base; Y antepenultimate ventral segment truncated, two very short setiform appendages? (from the figure) ; wings: grayish-hyaline, before the apex clouded with fuscous; maxillary palpi very long. (Description taken from the description and figure of Pictet.) Length to tip of wings 53 millim. Expanse of wings 86 millim. Hab. The locality unknown. Vienna Museum. It has the habitus of an American insect. I have not seen the typical spe- cimen: from the figure and descrjption of Pictet it seems to be a Pteronarcys. The generic character is derived from the length of PERLA. Liz the maxillary palpi: it is, however, of doubtful importance. The species, perhaps, is P. biloba, * * Wings with few, but rather regular, transverse veins. PERLA Gerorrroy. Wings veiny, transverse veins few, very regular; posterior wings with the anal space large, plicated; palpi setaceous ; two caudal sete. O The submarginal, apical space of the anterior wings with some transverse veins. Subgenus Acroneuria Pictet. 1. P. abnormis! Perla abnormis Newm.! Entom. Mag. V,177. Pict. Perl. 180,12. Walker! Catal. 147, 21.—P. arenosa Pict.! Perl. 178, 11; tab. x, fig. 1—2. Walker, Catal. 147, 19.—P. pennsylvanica Ramb.! Neuropt. 456, 13. —P. internata Walker! Catal. 152, 41.—P. trijuncta Walker! Catal. 153, 43.—P. sonans Barnston, Newport, Linn. Trans. XX, 447. Yellowish-fuscous; the head broader than the prothorax, luteous, obscure in the middle; the antenne fuscous, the second articulation and sometimes the following ones Juteous; prothorax narrower posteriorly, the angles acute, sides straight, surface rugulose, the middle line scarcely more distinct ; the feet luteous, knees fuscous; abdomen beneath yellowish, sete fuscous, densely pilose; ¢ last ventral segment large ovate, with a round, polished spot; 92 ante- penultimate ventral segment slightly rounded, produced; wings subhyaline, veins clay-yellow; the vein accessory to the subcosta four-forked, some transverse veins. Length to tip of wings, ¢ 27; ¢, 35 millim. Alar expanse, g 50; 2, 60 millim. Hab, St. Lawrence River (Barnston); Philadelphia, Pa. (Pic- tet); Trenton Falls (Osten Sacken); Georgia (Abbot); South Illinois (Robt. Kennicott) ; Maryland (Ubler). I have seen a specimen from Mexico (Muehlenpford, in the Berlin Museum), which was paler, with many transverse veins, and the antepenultimate segment produced elliptically. Is it a distinct species ? . 2 18 NEUROPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA. 2. P. ruralis! P. ruralis Hagen! Testaceous; head broader than the prothorax, a curved fuscous line in front; antenne fusco-testaceous, the second articulation and some of the following ones luteous; the prothorax quadran- gular, short, equal, rugulose, angles rather obtuse ; feet testaceous, knees fuscous; abdomen beneath yellowish, sete yellowish, behind the base banded with fuscous, hardly pilose; @ antepenultimate ventral segment a little rounded, produced, before the apex a linear transverse tubercle; wings sub-hyaline, the veins luteous; anterior wings with the subcostal accessory veinlet five-branched, transverse veins very numerous. (Iemale.) Length to tip of wings 31 millim. Alar expanse 57 millim. Hab. St. Louis. 3. P. arida! Perla arida Hagen! Yellowish-fuscous ; head broader than the prothorax, yellowish, elouded with fuscous anteriorly ; antennz fuscous, second articula- tion yellowish; prothorax narrower posteriorly, angles acute, sides straight, rugulose, middle line yellowish; the feet luteous, knees fuscous; the abdomen beneath luteous; sete pilose, yellow, arti- culations of the tip fuscous at their apex; ¢ last ventral segment _ large, ovate; 2 antepenultimate ventral segment with a middle lamina narrow at base and at the apex two-lobed; wings sub- hyaline, veins fuscous ; anterior wings with the subcostal accessory vein three-branched, transverse ones few. Length to tip of wings 23 ¢, 28 2 millim. Alar expanse 43 ¢, 53 2 millim. Hab. New York, Philadelphia. : Is this not P. arenosa Pictet, tab. x, fig. 2, from Philadelphia? , OO Submarginal space of the anterior wings not charged with transverse veins. a. Subcostal accessory veinlet of the anterior wings with four incurved branches. Subgenus Jsogenus Newm. Nephelion Pict. 4. P. frontalis! Isogenus frontalis Newm.! Entom. Mag. V,178. Mag. Nat. Hist. III, 25.— Nephelion frontalis Pict. Perl. 172, 8; tab. viii, fig. 10—11. Walk.! Catal. 144, 10.—Perla bicaudata Kirby, Fn. Bor. Am. 252. PERLA. 19 Blackish-fuscous; head hardly broader than the prothorax, an occipital spot and a frontal one in the shape of a V, yellow; pro- thorax quadrangular, rugulose, sides straight, a yellow stripe upon the middle, angles acute; feet yellowish-fuscous, knees blackish- brown banded with yellow; abdomen fuscous, apex beneath yel- lowish; the sete pilose, luteous; 2 antepenultimate ventral seg- ment slightly, but broadly excised; wings hyaline, anterior ones with a medial costal, hardly conspicuous, fuscous cloud; veins blackish-brown. (Female. ) Length to tip of wings 24 millim. Alar expanse 42 millim. Hab, St. Martin’s Falls, Albany River, Hudson’s Bay (Barn- ston); Latitude 68° (Richardson); Trenton Falls, and Ohio (Schaum). I possess a 2 specimen, taken at the same place, Ohio, most resembling this, but the incisure of the antepenultimate segment differs a little; being narrower and longer. Perhaps distinct. 5. P. clio. Isogenus clio Newm. Mag. Nat. Hist. new ser. III, 86,7. Walker Catal. 146, 17. ‘““Fuscous, head laterally around the eyes yellowish; prothorax with a median, longitudinal, yellow line; abdomen testaceous,”’— Walker. Hab. Georgia (Abbot). Unknown to me. 6. P. drymo. Isogenus drymo Newm. Mag. Nat. Hist. new ser. III, 86, 6. Walker Catal. 146, 18. “ Fuscous, head testaceous, clypeus and a quadrate spot behind it fuscous ; prothorax fuscous, marked with two large bright testa- ceous spots; base of the femora paler.”— Walker. fab, Georgia (Abbot). Unknown to me. 7. P. aurantiaca! P. aurantiaca Hag.! Orange-luteous ; head with two ocelli; prothorax narrower be- hind, sides straight, surface rugulose, angles acute; last ventral segment short, produced in the middle; wings subhyaline, orange- yellowish, veins orange; accessory veinlet three-branched. 20 NEUROPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA. Length to tip of wings 18 millim, Alar expanse 35 millim. Hab. Mexico. The unique type is very defective. aa Accessory subcostal veinlet of the anterior wings, two- branched. Subgenus Perla Pictet. (Apical costal space with some transverse veins.) 8. P. dorsata. Sialis dorsata Say, Godman’s Western Quart. Rep. 1823, II, 164, 1. “Black varied with rufous; head blackish, with about six blacker spots; beneath pale yellowish, labrum pale; palpi black; pro- thorax blackish, with impressed blacker lines, anterior and poste- rior incisures and dorsal vitta rufous, angles rather, prominent, a pale obsolete line from the base of the thorax to the abdomen, be- neath yellowish, disk of the segments black ; trochanters yellowish; abdomen black, segments above with yellow posterior margins, venter pale yellow; nervures of the wings deep black.”—Say (amended, Uhler). Length to tip of wings 50 millim. (1} inches). Alar expanse 80 millim. ? Hab. Ohio River, Pittsburg; ‘‘common in May.”—Say. Unknown to me. 9. P. Coulonii. Perla Coulonii Pictet, Perl. 212, 22; Pl. x, fig. 4. Walk. Catal. 150, 32. “Black; head broad, the sides and occiput luteous; beneath luteous; the prothorax large, fuscous, very rugulose, the disk obscurer; abdomen paler fuscous; sete rather short, fuscous; wings fusco-hyaline, veins fuscous, stout.”—Pvct. Length to tip of wings 46 millim. Alar expanse 77 millim. Hab. United States. Unknown tome. Perhaps P. dorsata? Is it different from Walker’s species, captured at the ‘‘ Macken- zie and Slave Rivers ?” 10. P. immarginata. Sialis immarginata Say, Godman’s West. Quart. Rep. II, 164, 2. “ Black varied with yellow, or yellow varied with black; eyes deep black-brown; prothorax transversely quadrangular, posterior angles a little rounded, disk a little rugose, with impressed irregu- lar lines, an impressed dorsal line, and each side of it a slightly PERLA. 21 arcuated one; beneath yellow; wings obscure, veins fuscous, im- marginate. ‘“‘Tt varies very much in coloring, being generally entirely yellow beneath, and sometimes upon the tergum. The thorax has some- times a yellow dorsal line, and sometimes a black one.”—Say. Length to tip of wings 2 30 millim. (‘‘more than one inch”). Male smaller. Hab. Ohio River: ‘‘common in May” (Say). Unknown to me. Perhaps a unique male from Washington (Osten Sacken) be- longs to this species. 11. P. lurida! Perla lurida Hag.! Testaceous, varied with yellowish ; head hardly broader than the prothorax, yellowish, a broad fuscous stripe upon the middle excised in front and drawn out into a semilunar form posteriorly ; antennz testaceous; prothorax quadrangular, narrower posteriorly, testa- ceous, rugulose, sides a little incurved, anterior angles acute, pos- terior ones a little rounded; feet testaceous, knees fuscous, under- neath yellowish; body beneath yellowish, sete testaceous-yellow, base of the venter pale yellow; antepenultimate ventral segment a little produced, triangularly emarginate in the middle; wings tes- taceo-hyaline, veins fusco-testaceous. (Female. ) Length to tip of wings 33 millim.? Alar expanse 62 millim. Hab. New Orleans (Pfeiffer). 12. P. lycorias! Perla lycorias Newm. Mag. Nat. Hist. ser. 2, III, 85. Pict. Perl. 214. Walk. Catal. 152, 40. Testaceous-yellow ; head broader than the prothorax, orange- yellow, a transverse, trilobed, brownish-testaceous band ; anteriorly and posteriorly clouded with fuscous; antennz brownish-testaceous, base yellowish, first articulation brownish-black ; prothorax quad-+ rangular, hardly narrower posteriorly, sides straight, angles acute ; its color orange-yellow, with fuscous rugule, a middle line brown- ish-black ; feet testaceous, knees and the tibie externally, fuscous ; beneath yellowish, sete fusco-testaceous, pilose; , last ventral segment larger, rounded, furnished with a transverse, ovate, flat, polished tubercle; 9, antepenultimate segment with an elliptical middle lobe; wings subhyaline, veins fusco-testaceous. 22 NEUROPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA. Length to tip of wings 21—28 millim. Alar expanse 42—52 millim. Hab. New York (Trenton Falls). Is this the true P. lycortas Newm. ? 13. P. tristis! Perla tristis Hag.! Fusco-piceous ; head broader than the prothorax, fusco-piceous, two points anteriorly and two upon the middle yellow; antennz piceous, base beneath and second articulation paler; prothorax quadrangular, posteriorly narrower, fusco-piceous, rugulose, shining, sides a little oblique, posterior angles hardly rounded, anterior ones acute ; the feet luteous, exteriorly fusco-piceous ; abdomen piceous, base beneath yellow; sete fuscous; ¢ last ventral segment larger, triangular, incurved; ? antepenultimate segment truncated ; wings smoky brownish, costal margin obscurer, veins fuscous. (Male small.) Length to tip of wings 17—25 millim. Alar expanse 32—44 millim. Hab. Trenton Falls, New York; Washington (Osten Sacken). 14. P. capitata. Perla capitata Pict. Perl. 214, 23; tab. xviii, fig. 4,5. Walker Catal. 150, 31. Fuscous; head broader than the prothorax, luteous, the disk and anterior portion black; prothorax quadrangular, narrower behind, rugulose, fuscous ; abdomen luteous, obscurer at the apex ; sete luteous, apex fuscous; feet luteous, exteriorly and tarsi fus- cous, knees with a black band; wings fusco-hyaline, veins black- brown. (The diagnosis is from the figure and description of Pictet. ) Length to tip of wings 20 millim. Alar expanse 29 millim. Hab. United States. Unknown to me. 15. P. annulipes! Perla annulipes Hagen ! Brown varied with yellow; head a little broader than the pro- thorax, brown, occiput, two median spots and a transverse fascia in front yellow; antennze dusky, two basal articulations pale yel- low; prothorax quadrangular, narrower behind, sides oblique, angles acute ; brown, rugulose upon the surface, shining, anteriorly PERLA. 23 margined with yellow; feet yellow, a fuscous ring upon the femora at base, knees, tibize externally and tarsi fuscous; abdomen above brown, segments margined with yellow; beneath yellow, middle of the base obscure; sete yellow at base (the: remainder is broken off); 9 antepenultimate ventral segment, middle lobe, short, broad, rounded, infuscated; wings grayish-subhyaline, costal margin a little yellowish, veins testaceous. (Female.) Length to tip of wings 18 millim. Alar expanse 34 millim. Hab, Washington (Osten Sacken, 1857). Is this P. capitata Pictet ? 16. P. postica! Perla postica Walker Catal. 144, 11. Black; head equal to the prothorax, black, a spot upon the occipital middle, which is hastiform and sometimes two anteriorly orange-yellow ; antenne black; prothorax transverse, quadran- gular, short, black, rugulose, an orange stripe upon the middle, sides straight, angles acute; feet brownish-black ; abdomen black, beneath in the middle yellowish; sete black; ¢ last ventral seg- ment larger, ovate, fuscous; ? antepenultimate segment large, triangularly ovate, fuscous; wings grayish-subhyaline, veins fus- cous. Length to tip of wings 15—20 millim. Alar expanse 28—34 millim. fab. Louisiana (Schaum); Mackenzie River (Richardson). I do not know whether this is the same with Walker’s species or not. It is some time since I examined his specimens in the British Museum. The words in Mr. Walker’s diagnosis, ‘‘ prothorax produced into an acute angle, or short horn on each side by the foreangle,” are erroneous, and they are accordingly omitted here. 17. P. olivacea! Perla olivacea Walk. Catal. 144, 12. Fuscous; head hardly broader than the prothorax, fuscous, ful- vous in front with a large occipital, trilobed, transverse spot; an- tenn fuscous, fulvous at base ; prothorax transverse, quadrangular, shorter, fuscous, rugulose, a broad, yellow middle stripe; sides straight, anterior and posterior margin a little rounded; the feet fuscous, beneath and tibice luteous ; abdomen fuscous; sete luteous, 24 NEUROPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA. pilose; & with last ventral segment luteous, larger, oval; wings small, shorter than the abdomen, subhyaline, veins fuscous. Length of body 9 millim. Hab. Arctic America. St. Martin’s Falls, Albany River (Barnston). Is this Walker’s species ? 18. P. media. Perla media Walker Catal. 145, 13. Black ; head broader than the prothorax, black, the sides, poste- rior margin and two spots yellowish-brown; prothorax quadran- cular, black, rugulose, with a middle sulcus; narrower posteriorly, anterior angles acute, posterior ones rounded ; wings subcinereous, veins black. Length to tip of wings? 20 millim. Alar expanse 36 millim. Hab, St. Martin’s Falls, Albany River, Hudson’s Bay (Barn- ston). Unknown to me. Is it not P. dmmarginata ? 19. P. zthiops. Perla xthiops Walk. Catal. 154, 45. Black ; head hardly broader than the prothorax, black; pro- thorax quadrangular, narrower behind, black, subrugulose, sub- suleated, sides convex, angles subacute; wings blackish-fuscous, veins black. (The diagnose is taken from that of Walker.) Length to tip of wings? 24 millim. Alar expanse 40 millim. Hab. Mexico (Hartweg). Unknown to me. Isit not P. tristis? 20. P. cincta. Perla cincta Pict. Perl. 229; tab. xx, fig. 5. Walk. Catal. 156, 50. Black varied with yellow; head broader than the prothorax, black, in front yellow; antenne black, the basal article fuscous ; prothorax transverse, angles rounded, sides straight, surface sub- rugose, black, margined with yellow, the anterior margin broader, upon the middle a yellow stripe; abdomen and sete fuscous; the feet luteous, streak of the femora, and the knees black, tibize at base and tarsi black; wings tinged with yellowish, semihyaline, veins orange-yellow. (From the figure and description of Pictet. ) Length to tip of wings 30 millim. Alar expanse 50 millim. Hab, Vera Cruz. Unknown to me. 21. P. nigrocincta! Perla nigrocincta Pict.! Perl. 236, 34; tab. xxii, fig. 5—8. Walker, Catal. 158, 56. PERLA. 25 Yellow varied with fuscous; head as wide as prothorax, yel- low, disk brownish-black, only two ocelli; antennze fuscous ; pro- thorax yellow, rugulose, externally the half each side fuscous, sulcus upon the middle fuscous ; posteriorly narrower, in front and sides rounded, anterior angles subacute, posterior ones rounded ; feet yellow, knees, tibiz and tarsi externally fuscous; abdomen yellow; sete yellow; ¢ last ventral segment large, ovate; wings fusco-subhyaline, costal margin somewhat yellowish, veins testa- ceous. (Male.)} Length to tip of wings 18 (—22) millim. Alar expanse 33 (—41) millim. flab, Mexico (Koppe); Cordova (Saussure). 22. P. dilaticollis! Perla dilaticollis Burm.! II, 880, 7. Pict.! Perl. 240,36; tab. xxiii, fig. 5—10. Walk. Catal. 158, 58. Yellow varied with brown; head wide as the prothorax, yellow, in front clouded with fulvous: ocelli only two, black; the antenne brown, the base luteous ; prothorax narrower behind, anteriorly rounded, rugulose, brown, a broad, yellowish middle vitta, sides oblique, anterior angles rounded ; feet yellowish, knees and tibice externally a little infuscated ; abdomen and sete yellowish; ¢ last ventral segment large, ovate; ? antepenultimate ventral segment truncate? wings testaceo-subhyaline, veins testaceous, accessory subcostal vein incurved. Length to tip of wings 10—13 millim. Alar expanse 20—27 millim. Hab. Mexico; Columbia; Brazil; North America (Museum Vienna). I have not seen the Mexican specimens. 23. P. litura. Perla litura Pict. Perl. 242, 37; tab. xxiv, fig. 1—3. Walk. Catal. 159, 59. Yellow varied with brown; head as wide as the prothorax, brown, margined with black, only two ocelli, antenne blackish ; prothorax brown, rugulose, a broad middle yellow stripe; broad, narrower behind, in front rounded, anterior angles rounded, sides oblique ; feet yellowish, knees, tibie externally and apical ring, and tarsi fuscous; abdomen and set yellow; wings grayish-subhyaline, costal margin obscurer, veins fuscous. (Taken from the figure and description of Pictet.) 26 NEUROPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA. Length to tip of wings 11 millim. Alar expanse 20 millim. Hab, Mexico. I have not seen it. Is it not P. dilaticollis? 24. P. similis! Perla similis Hagen! Fuscous varied with fulvous ; head as wide as the prothorax, fus- cous, sides fulvous, antenne blackish-fuscous ; prothorax quadran- gular, transverse, rugulose, fuscous, a broad fulvous stripe upon the middle, sides straight, anteriorly and posteriorly somewhat rounded, angles subacute; feet fuscous; abdomen fuscous, apex above bright fulvous ; yellowish-brown below; sete blackish-fus- cous; ¢ antepenultimate ventral segment truncated ; wings smoky- hyaline, costal margin obscurer, veins deep fuscous. (Female.) Length to tip of wings 14 millim. Alar expanse 23 millim. Hab. Pennsylvania and Maryland (Uhler). 25. P. xanthenes. Perla xanthenes Newm. Entom. Mag. V,178. Mag. Nat. Hist. 2d ser. III, 35,3. Pict. Perl. 245, 38; tab. xxi, fig. 3,4. Walker, Catal. 159, 60. Body entirely pale yellow; head hardly broader than the pro- thorax, with a fuscous spot, ocelli black; prothorax quadrangular, rugulose, posteriorly a little narrower, angles subacute; apex of the femora hardly annulated with fuscous ; apex of the abdomen fuscous; wings pale yellowish, subhyaline; veins pale yellow. (Taken from the figure and description of Pictet.) (Female. ) Length to tip of wings? 27 millim. Expanse of wings 47 millim. flab, Pennsylvania; Georgia (Abbot). 26. P. annulicauda. Perla annulicauda Pict. Perl. 249, 40; tab. xxii, fig. 1—4. Walk. Catal. 160, 64. Lurid ; head as wide as the prothorax, lurid, disk obscurer, ante- riorly a pale sinuated nebulous stripe, ocelli (two?) posterior ones banded with black, prothorax short, rugulose, lurid, rugule paler ; sides and angles rounded; the abdomen luteous, the sete luteous annulated with black ; the feet luteous, femora above, knees, base and apex of the tibie and apex of the tarsi fuscous; wings yel- lowish-gray, semihyaline, apex of the costal margin obscurer, veins luteous. (Taken from the figure and description of Pictet.) PERLA. 27 Length to tip of wings 22 millim. Alar expanse 29—88 millim. Hab. Mexico; Brazil. Unknown to me. 27. P. costalis. Perla costalis Pict. Perl. 264, 48; tab. xxiv, fig. 4. Walk. Catal. 162, 70. Fuscous; head broader than the prothorax, fuscous, in front rufescent; antenne black; prothorax quadrangular, black, middle reddish-rugulose, angles rounded, behind narrower; abdomen yellowish-fuscous ; the setae fuscous, at base luteous; feet yellow- ish, apex of the femora, tarsi, black, tibixe exteriorly fuscous ; wings fuscous, veins black, costal one golden-yellow. (Taken from the figure and description of Pictet.) Length to tip of wings? 18 millim. Alar expanse 27 millim. Hab. Vera Cruz. Unknown to me. 28. P. occipitalis! Perla occipitalis Pict. Perl. 254, 43; tab. xxvi, fig. 1—3. Walker, Catal. 160, 65. Yellow varied with brown; head broader than the prothorax, ocelli black, only two in number, surface between the ocelli black- ish-brown, remaining surface yellow, in front clouded with fulvous ; antenne brown, their base luteous, with the basal articulation blackish-fuscous at base, and at its apex luteous ; prothorax brown, rugulose, posteriorly narrower, anteriorly somewhat rounded, sides a little oblique, anterior angles acute; feet yellow, exteriorly fus- cous; abdomen and setz yellowish; 2 antepenultimate ventral segment truncated; wings testaceo-subhyaline, costal space yel- lowish, veins testaceous ; accessory vein direct. (Female only seen.) Length to tip of wings 15 millim. Alar expanse 27 millim. Hab. Philadelphia; New York; Washington (Osten Sacken) ; Maryland (Uhbler). Very similar to P. dilaticollis. In the specimen from Maryland the prothorax has a middle yellow stripe, anteriorly and posteriorly broadened. 29. P. picta. Perla picta Pict. Perl. 261, 47; tab. xxvii, fig. 3, 8. Yellowish-fulvous; the head broader than the prothorax, lute- ous, a spot upon the middle triangular, and another irregular, between the ocelli black, ocelli three; antenne yellowish, apex 28 NEUROPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA. fuscous; prothorax at.sides black, with a luteous medial line or broader fascia; quadrangular, sides almost straight, angles some- what rounded; abdomen and sete luteous; wings hyaline, hardly obscured, veins fuscous. (‘Taken from the figure and deseription of Pictet.) Length to tip of wings 16—18 millim. Alar expanse 27—32 millim. Hab. North America. Unknown to me and a somewhat doubt- ful species. 30. P. placida! Perla placida Hag.! Yellowish-fulvous ; the head a little broader than the prothorax, luteous, in front clouded with fulvous, a large discoidal, quad- rangular black spot, three ocelli; antennz fuscous, base yellow, basal article fuscous above ; prothorax rugulose, brown, posteriorly a little, anteriorly somewhat rounded, sides a little oblique, ante- rior angles acute; the feet luteous, knees subfuscous; the abdo- men and sete luteous; ¢ last ventral segment larger, ovate; 9 antepenultimate one truncate ; wings pale testaceo-hyaline, costal space yellowish, veins testaceous. Length te tip of wings 10—12 millim. Alar expanse 17—23 millim. Hab. New York; Washington (Osten Sacken, 1857). Very similar to P. occipitalis. 31. P. ephyre! Chloroperla ephyre Newm.! Mag. Nat. Hist. 2d ser. III, 87,5. Pictet. Perl. 283, 3. Walk.! Catal. 168, 91. Yellowish fulvous; head broader than the prothorax, yellowish- fulvous, ocelli three, joined together by a V-shaped brownish-black line, antennee fuscous, base hardly yellow, basal articulation ob- scurer ; prothorax yellowish-fulvous, rugulose, hardly narrower behind, anteriorly somewhat rounded, sides almost straight, ante- rior angles acute; feet yellowish, knees exteriorly a little dusky ; abdomen yellowish; sete yellowish, at apex fuscous; @ ante- penultimate ventral segment truncated; wings pale testaceo-hya- line, veins luteous, costal space slightly yellowish. Length to tip of wings 15 millim. Alar expanse 25 millim. Hab. Georgia (Abbot); New York; New Orleans; Berkeley Springs, Virginia (Osten Sacken). PERLA. 29 32. P. clymene. ; Chloroperla clymene Newm. Mag. Nat. Hist. 2d ser. III, 87,4. Pict. Perl. 283, 4. Walk. Catal. 167, 87. “ Head yellow, eyes and ocelli black ; wings lightly tinged with fuscous, nervures all fuscous.”,—Newman., Alar expanse 26 millim. Hab. Georgia (Abbot). Unknown to me. Does it belong here? Subgenus Chloroperla Pictet. (Costal, apical space with one transverse vein.) 33. P. Guerinii. Perla Guerinii Pict. Perl. 279,55; tab. xxx, fig. 6—8. Walk. Catal. 164, 77. Black; head as wide as the prothorax, black, a stripe upon the occiput yellow; prothorax quadrangular, anteriorly narrower, rugulose, a stripe upon the middle yellow; feet brown, femora and tibiz with a longitudinal line, and tarsi, black; abdomen black, the last segment whitish-gray ; sete fuscous, pilose, base whitish; wings dusky subhyaline, veins dusky. (From the figure and de- scription of Pictet.) Length to tip of wings 15 millim. Alar expanse 27 millim. Hab. New Orleans. Unknown to me. , 34. P. maculata. Perla maculata Pict. Perl. 280, 56; tab. xxx, fig. 9. Walker, Catal. 164, 78. Black; head as wide as the prothorax, yellow, disk broadly black ; prothorax black, with a yellow middle line, posteriorly narrower, sides rounded; wings dusky, costal space obscurer, veins black. (From the figure and description of Pictet.) Length to tip of wings 11 millim. Alar expanse 20 millim. Hab. Philadelphia. Unknown to me. 35. P. decolorata. Perla decolorata Walker, Catal. 170, 98. Pale testaceous; head a little broader than the prothorax, pale testaceous, with an irregular, discoidal, black spot; prothorax quadrangular, subrugose, a large fuscous spot each side, sides straight, angles subacute ; wings hyaline, veins black, testaceous at base. (From the description of Mr. Walker.) 30 NEUROPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA, Alar expanse 27 millim. Hab. Great Bear Lake (Richardson). Unknown to me. 36. P. decisa. Perla decisa Walker, Catal. 170, 99. , Ferrugineous, shining ; head broader than the prothorax, testa- ceous, antenne fuscous; prothorax square, rugulose, angles sub- acute; wings gray, veins black. Alar expanse 25 millim. Hab, St. Martin’s Falls, Albany River, Hudson’s Bay (Barn- ston). 37. P. bilineata! Sialis bilineata Say, Godman’s Western Quarterly Reporter, IT, 165, 4.— Chloroperla transmarina Newm.! Mag. Nat. Hist. ser. 2, III, 87, 3. Newm.! Ent. Mag. V, 499. Walk. Catal. 161, 89. Pictet. Perl. 283, 2. Perla picta Walk. Catal. 161, 169. ; Pale fuscous, varied with yellow; head broader than the pro- thorax, with three ocelli ; surface yellow, two, anteriorly conjoined, semicircular, fuscous lines upon the disk, two straight fuscous lines before the discal ones; antenne yellowish, apex fuscous, basal articulation dusky ; prothorax quadrangular, yellow, rugulose, each side with a broad fuscous stripe, sides straight, posteriorly hardly narrower, angles acute; the feet luteous, knees, and exteriorly obscurer ; the abdomen and setz luteous, 9 antepenultimate ven- tral segment rounded at apex; wings grayish-hyaline, exteriorly tinged with yellow, veins testaceous. (Iemale.) Length to tip of wings 12 millim. Alar expanse 21 millim. Hab. Canada; Trenton Falls, New York; Ohio (Schaum) ; “ Cincinnati, 15th May: not rare” (Say). 38. P. severa! Perla severa Hag.! Pale yellow; head hardly broader than the prothorax, pale yel- low, three black ocelli; antennz pale yellow, apex obscurer ; pro- thorax quadrangular, rugulose, pale yellow, a narrow brown stripe upon the middle, sides straight, angles obtuse, rounded; feet yel- lowish, exteriorly obscured, tarsi blackish fuscous ; abdomen ; wings hyaline, veins fuscous, base and disk partly pallid. Length to tip of wings 13 millim. Alar expanse 23 millim. flab, Island of Unga, Russian America. ISOPTERYX. 31 39. P. citrinella. Perla citrinella Newp. Proc. Linn. Soc. I, 388, 6. Newp. Trans. Linn. Soc. XX, 540,1. P. citrinella Walk. Catal. 169, 97. Pale luteous; the head as wide as the prothorax, ocelli fuscous ; antenne fuscous, pale at base; prothorax not broader behind, luteous, subrugulose, the anterior margin and middle line blackish, angles obtuse, sides incurved ; wings hyaline, veins pale. (From the description of Mr. Walker.) Length to tip of wings(?) 13 millim. Alar expanse 23 millim. Hab. St. Martin’s Falls, Albany River, Hudson’s Bay (Barn- ston) ; Nova Scotia (Redman.) Unknown to me. The description of Mr. Newport differs a little: ‘‘antenne entirely black.” The description of Mr. Walker was drawn from the typical specimen. Is it an Jsopteryx ? 40. P. imbecilla. Sialis imbecilla Say, Godman’s West. Quart. Rept. II, 165, 3. Pale green, immaculate ; head with three fuscous ocelli, antennse rather obscurer, pilose; prothorax transversely oval, rugulose; wings greenish-white. (Taken from the description of Mr. Say.) Length to tip of wings 9 millim. Alar expanse 16 millim. Hab. Ohio River at Cincinnati. Common in the middle of May (Say). Unknown to me. Is it an Jsopteryx ? ISOPTERYX Pict. Wings with the transverse veins rare, almost absent; no basal space to the posterior wings; palpi setaceous, last articulation shortest. 1. I. cydippe! Chloroperla cydippe Newm. Mag. Nat. Hist. ser. 2, III, 88,8. Pict. Perl. 317. Walk. Catal. 168, 88.—Chl. sulphurea Fitch! (Collection of de Selys Longchamps. ) Pale yellow, immaculate ; head hardly broader than the pro- thorax, three black ocelli; antennz nigro-fuscous, base pallid: prothorax transversely oval, subrugulose, angles rounded; feet pale, tarsi nigro-fuscous; wings greenish-hyaline, veins pale. Length to tip of wings { 7 2 9millim. Alar expanse ¢ 18 2 16 millim. 32 NEUROPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA. Hab. Georgia (Abbot); Trenton Falls, New York; Washington (Osten Sacken, Asa Fitch). Is it not P. ¢mbecilla? CAPNIA Picrer. Wings veiny, transverse veins very few and very regular; anal area of the posterior wings large, plicate; palpi filiform, last joint ovate, longer than the preceding one; two sete. 1. C. pygmaea! Semblis Essen Burm.! II, 874, 1. (3 )—Capnia Pygmaca Pictet! Perl. 324, 2; tab. xl, fig. 1—3. ‘Walk. Catal. 175, 2.—Perla nivicola Fitch ! Winter Insects of E. New York, 5, 3. Black, shining, with gray hairs; articulations of the antenne long; prothorax rounded, subrugulose, in front with an impressed, curved line; feet black, tibie brown, at the apex pitchy, tarsi fuscous ; abdomen black ; sete with somewhat near 20 articulations, black, apex fuscous; ¢ wings rudimentary ; 9 wings pale, veins fuscous ; penis of the male long; to the back of the abdomen two tubercles, placed before the apex of the penis. Length to tip of wings 42° ¢', 9 2 millim. Alar expanse 16 9 millim. Hab. Pennsylvania (Zimmerman); Newfoundland. ‘‘ New York, common in February.”—Dr. Fitch. Is not Capnia vernalis Newport, this same species ? 2. C. necydaloides! Capnia necydaloides Pict.! Perl. 326, 3; tab. xl, fig. 4—5.9 ; Walker, Catal. 175, 3. Black, shining; articulations of the antenne long; prothorax rounded, subrugulose, anteriorly an impressed, ured line; feet black, tibize brown, piceous at the apex, tarsi fuscous; the abdo- men luteous, the apex black; sete black, with 13—18 articulations, the apex fuscous; ¢ wings rudimental; wings a little longer than the abdomen, pale, the veins stout, black; penis shorter than in the preceding species; abdomen having one dorsal tubercle before the apex of the penis. Length to tip of wings ¢ 4, 2 63 millim. Alar expanse 113 millim. Hab. North America (Pictet); Washington, 20th December (Osten Sacken). CAPNIA. 33 3. C. minima! Perla minima Newp.! Proc. Linn. Soc. I, 388, 2. Trans. Linn. Soc. XX, 450,2. Walk.! Catal. 183, 19. Black, shining; antenne moniliform; prothorax narrower than the head, subquadrate, sides straight, angles acute; feet blackish- fuscous; abdomen black (sete with 13 articulations, Newp.); ¢ wings rudimental; wings pale, veins black; penis ¢ very short; abdomen having no dorsal tubercle before the apex of the penis. Length to tip of wings f 25; 2 6 millim. Alar expanse, 7 millim. Hab. St. Martin’s Falls, Albany River, Hudson’s Bay; April (Barnston). I possess only the male; the remainder of the description is from Newport and Walker. 4. C. vernalis! Capnia vernalis Newp. Proc. Linn. Soc. 388, 3. Trans. Linn. Soc. XX, 451, 3. Walk. Catal. 176, 8. Nemoura tenuis Walk.! Catal. 182, 13. Black, shining, sparingly pilose; antenne moniliform; protho- rax narrower than the head, rounded, rugulose; feet, abdomen, and sete blackish-fuscous ; sete with somewhat near 20 articulations ; wings pallid, veins fuscous; wings with the form and reticulation of Nemoura (subgenus restricted); penis rather long; no dorsal tubercle before the apex of the penis. Length to tip of wings 6—7 millim. Alar expanse 10—12 millim. Hab, St. Martin’s Falls, Albany River, Hudson’s Bay (Barn- ston). I possess a male and female from the British Museum; they are certainly WV. tenuis Walker, but I do not know whether the speci- mens described in the same place and taken in New York, belong here. Nor have I quoted here Newport’s species C. vernalis, with- | out some doubt. But not finding his typical specimens in the British Museum, I am rather inclined to believe that Mr. Walker has erroneously united them to XW. tenuis. LN. tenuis Pictet is very different. + 7 No abdominal sete. * Second articulation of the tarsi equal to the others. 34 NEUROPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA. TAENIOPTERYX Picrer. Wings a little involuted, veined, transverse veins very scarce, rather regular; anal area of the posterior wings large, plicated ; palpi filiform, the last article ovate; no abdominal set; tarsi with three long, equal articles. l. T. fasciata! Semblis fasciata Burm.! II, 875, 6. Pict.! Perl. 359, 5, tab. xlvi, fig. 4, 5. Walker, Catal. 179, 5. . Black, with gray pile; head hardly broader than the thorax, in front and at the eyes rufous, tubercles flat, polished, anteriorly with two parallel grooves; antenn:e fuscous, the basal articulation black; prothorax broader behind, rugulose, sides oblique, posterior margin rounded, anterior angles subacute, tubercles a little shining, near — the anterior margin a transverse, biarcuated sulcus, two closely approximated, linear, parallel discoidal tubercles, at the posterior margin a transverse sulcus; feet yellowish-brown, femora exteriorly, tibiz at base and the tarsi blackish-brown; abdomen black, shin- ing, 2 appendix broad, yellow, triangular, beneath excavated, the apex narrow, rounded, incurved; ¢ appendix yellow, lanceolate ; wings subhyaline, a gray transverse band upon the middle and another at the apex; veins fuscous. Length to tip of wings 11—13 millim. Alar expanse 23—25 millim. Hab. Philadelphia, Pa.; Washington, April (Osten Sacken). 2. T. similis ! Teniopteryx similis Hagen! Black, shining; head broader than the prothorax, shining, hardly rufous anteriorly, antenne black; prothorax short, broad, sides oblique, posterior margin rounded, anterior angles rounded, poste- rior ones acute, anterior margin subreflexed, very rugulose; feet brown, femora exteriorly and the tarsi blackish-brown; abdomen black, shining; the last ventral segment truncated; wings subhy- aline, with three broad gray bands, the extreme one is apical, veins fuscous. (Female.) Length to tip of wings 8 millim. Alar expanse 14 millim. Hab, Washington, May (Osten Sacken). TAENIOPTERYX. 35 I possess males from Washington, April (Osten Sacken), with the femora unarmed, the ventral appendage narrow, oval, concave, and with the sculpture of the front, anteriorly, a little different. Is it a new species? 3. T. frigida! Teniopteryx frigida Hagen! Black, grayish-pilose; head hardly broader than the prothorax, in front fuscous, tubercles flat, polished; anteriorly with two parallel furrows; antennx black; prothorax hardly broader posteriorly, sides straight, anterior and posterior margin subrotund, anterior angles rounded, posterior ones square, with a few flat, polished tubercles, near the anterior margin a transverse biarcuated sulcus, at the pos- terior margin a transverse one; feet yellowish-brown, femora ex- teriorly, tibia at base and the tarsi blackish-brown; abdomen black, shining; wings subhyaline, a gray band upon the middle and another at the apex, veins fuscous. Length to tip of wings 15 millim. Alar expanse 25 millim. Hab. Maryland (Uhler). Is this not WV. nivalis Fitch, Winter Ins. 6, 4. Walk. Catal. 190,48? It is certainly a Zeniopteryx, and perhaps 7. fasciata Burm.? 4, T. maura! Teniopteryx maura Pict.! Perl. 361, 6; tab. xlvi, fig. 6. Black, opaque; head equal to the prothorax, rugulose, occiput punctated, antenne blackish-brown; prothorax broader behind, sides sinuated, oblique, anterior angles rounded, posterior ones subacute, the anterior and lateral margins a little recurved, tuber- cles very few, polished; feet whitish-pilose, femora black, tibize luteous; abdomen black; wings grayish-hyaline or fuscous, veins fuscous ; male with shorter wings, the ventral appendage oblong, concave. The same sex has a robust tooth upon the middle of the femora beneath. Length to tip of wings, (9; 2 15 millim. Alar expanse 9 27 millim. flab, Philadelphia, Pa.; Washington, April (Osten Sacken). Common. 36 NEUROPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA. 5. T. glacialis! Nemoura (Brachyptera) glacialis Newp.! Proc. Linn. Soc. I, 389,4, Trans. Linn. Soc. XX, 451. Walk.! Catal. 192,53. N. maura Walk.! Catal, 179, 7. (Female.) Allied to 7.. maura; differs in having the occiput verrucose, and the prothorax smoother; the wings in the males rudimentary, the femora unarmed, the ventral appendage quadrangular, flatter. Length to tip of wings 9—15 millim. Alar expanse 27 millim. Hab. St. Martin’s Falls, Albany River, Hudson’s Bay (Barn- ston). * * The second article of the tarsi small, shorter than the others. NEMOURA PicTeEr. Wings veiny, flat, transverse veins few, very regular, veins of the pterostigma forming an X; anal area of the posterior wings large, plicate; no sete; the second articulation of the tarsi short. 1. N. completa. Nemoura completa Walk. Catal. 191, 52. Black, shining; head broader than the prothorax, upon the disk a luteous spot; prothorax quadrangular, equal, sides straight, angles subacute, surface subrugulose, a smoother sulcus upon the middle; feet ferruginous; wings hyaline; anterior ones with a band upon the middle and another at apex fuscous, veins fuscous. (From the description of Mr. Walker.) Length to tip of wings 8? millim. Alar expanse 14 millim. Hab. Nova Scotia (Redman). Unknown to me. May it not belong to Teniopteryx? 2. N. albidipennis! Nemoura albidipennis Walk. Catal. 191, 51. Piceous, shining ; head broader than the prothorax; antennze fuscous; prothorax quadrangular, sides straight, angles subacute, anterior margin a little recurved, disk with a few tubercles; feet pale luteous, apex of the femora and base of the tibia fuscous; abdomen yellowish-fuscous; wings hyaline, veins fuscous, a little margined with fuscous. Length to tip of wings 9 millim. Alar expanse 16 millim. LEUCTRA. 37 Hab. Washington (Osten Sacken); Nova Scotia (Redman) Is not the ferruginous-colored species of Mr. Walker distinct from this? 3. N. perfecta! Nemoura perfecta Walk.! Catal. 191, 51. Black, shining ; head broader than the prothorax, antenne black, prothorax narrower behind, sides oblique, anterior angles rounded, the anterior margin a little recurved, disk with a few tubercles ; feet testaceous, femora exteriorly and the tarsi brownish-black ; wings clouded with fuscous, broadly margined with fuscous, veins fuscous. Length to tip of wings 8 millim. Alar expanse 14 millim. Hab. Trenton Falls (Osten Sacken); Nova Scotia (Redman). It may be different from Mr. Walker’s species. , I possess an individual of the European JV. vartegata, labelled ‘‘ Philadelphia,” but the label is very doubtful. LEUCTRA STEPHENS. Wings veiny, involuted when in rest, transverse veins very few, very regular, veins of the pterostigma simple (¢. e., not forming an X); anal area of the posterior wings small, plicate; caudal set absent ; the second articulation of the tarsi short. 1. L. tenuis! Nemoura tenuis Pict.! Perl. 375, 10; tab. xlix, fig. 1—3. Fuscous, opaque, head a little broader than the prothorax; an- tenn fuscous; thorax quadrangular, sides straight, angles sub- acute, disk with three elevated lines, the middle one straight, the others subincurved; feet fulvous, abdomen fuscous ; wings subby- aline, a little ciliated, veins fulvous. Length to tip of wings 7 millim. Alar expanse 12 millim. “Hab. Philadelphia; Washington (Osten Sacken); Sharon Springs, New York, in August (Osten Sacken). 2. L. ferruginea! Nemoura ferruginea Walk.! Catal. 183, 18. Fusco-ferruginous, somewhat shining; head a little broader than the prothorax; antenne ferruginous; prothorax a little 38 NEUROPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA. broader in front, quadrangular, sides a.little convex, anterior an- gles somewhat rounded; disk with three straight elevated lines, the outer ones shorter; feet and abdomen ferruginous; wings subhyaline, a little ciliated, veins ferruginous. Length to tip of wings 8 millim. Alar expanse 14 millim. Hab. Nova Scotia (Redman). Fam. V. HPHEMERINA. Body elongated, conical; prothorax of moderate size; an- tenn small, subulate; parts of the mouth rudimentary, con- nate; caudal setze two or three, long, slender; wings unequal, posterior smaller, or sometimes absent; transverse veins few or numerous; tarsi four- or five-articulated. EPHEMERA Livy. Three long and equal caudal sete ; wings four, transverse veins very numerous; eyes remote, in the males simple. ’ 1. E. decora! Ephemera decora Walk.! Catal. 537, 7. Male Imago. S&S Imago. Rather luteous, apex of the antenne black; the head, thorax, and abdomen each side with a fuscous fascia, that of the abdomen broader, exteriorly serrated; beneath yellowish, ab- -domen bilineate; anterior feet very long, luteous, the apex of the femora, base and apex of the tibize and apex of the tarsal articu- lations fuscous; posterior feet (partly destroyed) luteous; sete luteous, long, the articulations fuscous; wings yellowish-hyaline, veins fuscous, partly margined with fuscous, anterior ones with some discoidal fuscous spots. Female paler, feet shorter, wings more hyaline. Length of body 11 millim. Alar expanse 26 millim. Seta 25 millim. : Hab. New Haven; Canada (Barnston); Chicago (Osten Sacken). Does #. guttulata Pictet. Ephem. 135, 4, tab. iv, fig. 4, belong here? Ihave never seen it, and the locality is unknown. The figure and description agree, but yet, the wings are more spotted. 2. E. simulans. ’ Ephemera simulans Walk.! Catal. 536, 5. Piceous; feet fulvous, anterior ones obscurer; sete pale pice- EPHEMERA. 39 ous, pubescent, longer than the body; wings subcinereous, the anterior ones maculated and subfasciated with fuscous, the apex and posterior margin not maculated; veins cloudy. (From Mr. Walker’s description. ) . Length of body 12 millim. Alar expanse 31 millim. Sete 14 millim. Hab. St. Lawrence River. Ts it not a female subimago? I have seen the specimen described and noted ‘‘that it was allied to HL. vulgata, but smaller.” 3. HE. hebes. Ephemera hebes Walk. Catal. 588, 8. 9 Subimago. Piceous; antenne black; feet testaceous, anterior ones fuscous; setee fusco-testaceous ; wings cinereous, veins black. (From Mr. Walker’s description.) Length of body 9 millim. Alar expanse 22 millim. Hab, St. Johns, Newfoundland. The specimen described is in the British Museum. 4. E. natata! Palingenia natata Walk.! Catal. 551,13. 9 Subimago. Fusco-testaceous; antenne black; abdomen interruptedly bi- vittated with fuscous; sete pilose, fulvous, banded with fuscous, a little shorter than the body; feet testaceous, tibize and tarsi fus- cous; wings subcinereous, veins black and black-banded, except at the apex and posterior margin; the anterior ones with three or four discoidal fuscous spots. Length of body 15 millim. Alar expanse 38 millim. Sete 15 millim. Hab. St. Martin’s Falls, Albany River, Hudson’s Bay (Barn- ston); Chicago (Osten Sacken). 5. HE. pudica! Ephemera? pudica Hagen! 9 Subimago. Luteous ; thorax spotted with fuscous; abdomen with the pos- terior margin, exteriorly, of the middle dorsal segments black; feet luteous, the knees and a ring upon the middle of the femora fus- cous; wings grayish-hyaline, longitudinal veins yellow, transverse ones fuscous, banded with gray; transverse discoidal veins a little irregular. 40 NEUROPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA. Length of body 12 millim. Alar expanse 40 millim. Hab. Washington (Osten Sacken, 1858). Are there three sete? The unique specimen is very much muti- lated; but it has the faczes of an Ephemera. PALINGENIA Burm. Three sete, the middle one short, in the males sometimes, almost absent; wings four, transverse veins very humerous; eyes remote, simple. 1. P. hecuba! Palingenia hecuba Hagen! 9 Imago. Luteous, spotted with fuscous; head blackish-fuscous, apex of the antenne pale; prothorax shining fuscous, broad, narrower anteriorly; abdomen luteous, above blackish-fuscous ; sete thick, whitish-gray, the middle one of equal thickness with the others (partly destroyed); base of the feet luteous (the feet are wanting in the specimen); wings large, opaque, grayish-rosy, the costal margin a little obscurer, veins gray. Length of body 22 millim. Alar expanse 78 millim. Hab. Vera Cruz (Sallé). Collection of de Selys Longchamps. The largest species yet known. The wings are opaque, but yet it is an imago; and it has a mass of eggs in the vulvar aperture. 2. P. alba! Betis alba Say, Long’s Narrative, Appendix, IT, 305, 3. Milk-white ; vertex fuscous; prothorax transverse, quadrangu- lar, in front truncated, yellowish-white; anterior feet grayish-fus- cous, the others white; wings whitish, anterior margin grayish. Length of body 11 millim. Alar expanse 22 millim. Hab. North Red River (Robt. Kennicott); Winnipeg River (Say). “This insect appears in immense numbers ;” for a more particu- lar account see Long’s Narrative, as quoted above. I have seen only a mutilated specimen. 3. P. puella. Palingenia puella Pictet, Ephem. 145, 2; tab. xi, fig. 4. Milky-whitish ; ocelli blacla; prothorax transverse, short, ante- PALINGENIA. ° 4] riorly produced in the middle; apex of the feet brownish, femora pale ; wings whitish, costa a little obscurer. (From the figure and description of Pictet.) Alar expanse 26 millim. Hab. New Orleans. Not seen by me. Is it P. alba Say? 4. P. bilineata! Betis bilineata Say, Long’s Exped. II, 303,1. P. limbata Pictet, Ephem. 146, 3; tab. xii. Imago ¢. Fulvous, antenne pale, basal articulation obscurer ; head dusky in front, beneath yellow; prothorax compressed in the middle, above triangularly tuberculated, each side with a fuscous stripe; abdomen fulvous, spotted with fuscous; each side with a medial fuscous stripe composed of oblique strive, margins of the segments fuscous; anterior feet fuscous, basal articles of the tarsi yellow, posterior feet yellow, unguiculi fuscous; sete yellowish, long, apex of the articles annulated with fuscous; intermediate seta very short; anal appendages yellow, the apex fuscous; penis two-parted, fuscous, apex incurved, oval; wings hyaline, anterior ones with the costal margin fulvous, veins black, some transverse blackish-banded veins; posterior wings with the apex hardly clouded, transverse discoidal veins banded with blackish-fuscous. Imago 9. Pale yellow; tarsal unguiculi fuscous; abdomen with a fuscous apical band in the middle and interrupted ones on both sides; wings yellowish-hyaline, costal margin yellowish, longitudi- nal veins yellowish, transverse ones black, Subimago 9. Similar to the imago, the abdomen above ob- scurer, wings opaque. Length of body, $16; 918. Subimago, ? 22 millim. Alar expanse, f 34; 9 40. Subimago, ? 48 millim. Length of cau- dal sete, ¢ 46. Subimago, ? 25 millim. Hab. St. Peters River, “common” (Say); N. Red River (Robt. Kennicott); Maryland (Uhler); Philadelphia; Washington (Osten Sacken); St. Louis. The specimens from Washington are yel- lower. 5. P. limbata! Palingenia limbata Serv. Guér. Icon. Regn. Animal. Ins. tab. Ix, fig. 7. Ephemera limbata Ramb. Neuropt. 295, 4. Walker, Catal. 548, 3. Pal. viridescens Walk.! Catal. 550, 11. Fem. Subimago. Betis angulata Walk.! Catal. 564, 28. Male imago. 42 NEUROPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA. dg Imago. Fulvous, spotted with fuscous; antenne gray, basal article brownish-black; head dusky in front, beneath yellow; pro- thorax narrowed in the middle, above triangularly tuberculated, each side with a fuscous stripe confluent upon the disk; abdomen brownish-black, dorsum each side with an interrupted yellow stripe; anterior feet entirely fuscous, posterior ones brownish-yellow, un- guiculi fuscous; sete long, fuscous, the apex of the articles with a very small whitish annulus; intermediate seta very short; anal ap- pendages fuscous; penis two-parted, fuscous, apex unguiculated, recurved; wings subhyaline, anterior ones with the costal margin fuscous; veins black, some transverse ones bounded with black; posterior wings margined exteriorly with fuscous, discoidal trans- verse veins covered with black. & Subimago. Like the imago, but with the body opaque, grayer, the feet obscurer, the wings opaque gray, the anterior ones hardly colored upon the costal margin, the posterior ones more broadly margined. ? Imago. Similar to the male; the whole body paler, more fulvous, setee and feet paler; the intermediate seta very short; the anterior wings have the costal margin paler. 2 Subimago. Similar to the imago, the body opaque; brown- ish-gray, feet and sete brownish-black, wings opaque gray, the anterior ones with the costal margin of the same color, the poste- rior ones with a brownish-black margin. I possess another female subimago, a younger specimen. The body, feet, and sete are much diluted and pale-colored, the margin of the posterior wings is of the same color, pale. It is hardly different. : Length of body, ¢ 17. & 2 Subimago, 21. 9, 29 millim. Alar expanse, { 34. ¢ @ Subimago, 42. 9,46 millim. Length of sete, fb 42. g 2 Subimago, 18. ¢, 20 millim. Hab. New Orleans (Pfeiffer); Ohio (Schaum); St. Louis; Chicago (Osten Sacken); St. Martin’s Falls, Albany River, Hudson’s Bay (Barnston); Canada (¢d.) Male imagines from Chicago seem to differ a little, the colors are much paler, the apex of the penis is incurved, the basal half of the antenne is black, the sete yellowish and the apex of the articulations has a fuscous ring. JP. bilineata from Washington and P. limbata from New Orleans certainly are distinct species ; the species from Chicago is colored very much like P. limbata, but PALINGENIA. 43 the penis is incurved. PP. bilineata Say, from N. Red River (de- termined by Mr. Uhler), is colored more like P. imbata from Chi- cago; Mr. Walker’s species require a new examination. 6. P. occulta. Palingenia occulta Walk.! Catal. 551,12. % 9, Imago. Testaceous ; antenne black, the base testaceous; sides of the mesothorax fuscous; abdomen obscurer, interruptedly bivittated with fuscous; sete not longer than the body, testaceous, a little hairy ; tarsi and anterior feet fuscous; wings subcinereous, veins black, basal ones testaceous; anterior wings yellowish at base, with the costal margin brownish. (From the description of Mr. Walker.) Length of body 21—25 millim. Alar expanse 41—50 millim. Sete 19 millim. Hab. Arctic America, Lakes Winnipeg and Superior (Richard- son). The typical specimens are similar to P. viridescens, but smaller, and the posterior wings are scarcely margined exteriorly. 7. P. bicolor. Palingenia bicolor Walk.! Catal. 552,15. © Subimago. Ferruginous ; thorax each side below, with a black spot; abdo- men fuscous, beneath paler; sete long, hairy, testaceous ; feet yel- low, anterior ones brownish testaceous, base of the tarsi whitish ; wings cinereous, the margin pilose, the veins black, margined with fuscous. Length of body 12 millim. Alar expanse 27. Sete 24 millim. Hab, St. Martin’s Falls, Albany River, Hudson’s Bay (Barn- ston). 8. P. decolorata! Palingenia decolorata Hagen! Luteous ; head brownish-black, antenne pale; prothorax nar- rower anteriorly; anterior feet blackish, posterior ones luteous ; mesothorax yellowish-fuscous ; abdomen luteous, sides striped with obscure fuscous, sete luteous, intermediate very short; wings yel- lowish-hyaline, veins luteous, the subcosta fuscous. (Imago.) Length of body 16 millim. Alar expanse 30 millim. Sete 30? millim. 44 NEUROPTERA Of NORTH AMERICA. Hab. Mexico; Matamoras, Tamaulipas. Common. I have seen many specimens, but all of them in alcohol and mutilated, and the colors were probably a little changed. I have had a large species from New Grenada in alcohol, but the specimen is very much damaged. BAETIS Leacz. Abdomen furnished with two sete; wings four, transverse veins numerous ; eyes simple ;. in the male approximate, large. 1. B. interpunctata! Baétis interpunctata Say, Jour. Acad. Philad. VIII, 41, 1. Walker, Catal. 562, 23. Yellowish white tinged with green; head yellowish, vertex with a lateral black point, front with an arcuated black line; ocelli with a black ring around each, apex of the antenne black; prothorax with a black line each side: mesothorax tinged with brown; feet greenish, the four anterior femora with a black ring upon the mid- dle and apex, apex of the posterior ones fuscous; abdomen with the apex ferruginous, the posterior margin of the dorsal segments black ; sete pale ; wings hyaline, the anterior margin greenish, the transverse veins black, an abbreviated, submarginal, medial black line. Imago and subimago, male and female. Length of body 8 millim. Alar exanse 18—26 millim. Sete & 20, 2 14. Hab. Indiana (Say); Washington, Trenton Falls (Osten Sac- ken); Chicago, Alleghany Mountains, Va. (Osten Sacken). 2. B. flaveola! Baétis flaveola Pict. Ephem. 186, 12, tab. xxiii, fig. 4. Walker! Catal. 559, 12. Yellow, eyes black; wings yellowish-hyaline, transverse veins black ; posterior femora with a black point; abdominal segments margined with black; sete yellowish. (From the figure and de- scription of Pictet. (Female imago.) Length of body 8 millim. Alar expanse 22 millim. Sete 9 millim. Hab. Tennessee (Pceppig, Museum of Vienna); St. Martin’s Falls, Albany River, Hudson’s Bay (Barnston). BAETIS. 45 I have seen a specimen (? Imago) from the Vienna Museum ; it may be the one described by Pictet (although the sete are longer, 14 millim.). As that female pertains, undoubtedly, to B. inter- punctata, probably, therefore, B. flaveola is nothing but a female B. interpunctata Say. On account of a slight fold in the anterior margin of the wings the submarginal line is seen with difficulty. I have seen a mutilated, smaller, female subimago from Ten- nessee (with the wings expanding 18 millim.), which may be a dis- tinct species. 3. B. obesa. Baétis obesaSay. Journ. Acad. Philad. VII, 43,4. Walk. Catal. 563, 26. Subimago. Black, livid; wings brownish-black, with many small, transverse hyaline spots or abbreviated linés, a large, hyaline, oblique semifascia about the middle on the anal margin; posterior ones, with many transverse, abbreviated, hyaline lines not attaining to the apical margin; feet pale yellow, incisures of the tarsi black; abdominal segments margined with rufous; sete very short, pilose, annulated with black. (From Say’s description. ) Length of body 8 millim. Hab. Indiana (Say). 4, B. fusca! Baétis fusca Walker! Catal. 568, 38. Imago g 9. Piceous, beneath ferruginous; antenne black ; abdomen ferruginous, beneath fulvous; sete testaceous, subannu- lated with fuscous, three times the length of the body; feet testa- ceous, the anterior ones fuscous; wings hyaline, anterior ones with the costal margin at the apex fuscous. (From Mr. Walker’s de- scription. ) Length of body 8 millim. Alar expanse 20 millim. Sete 25 millim. Hab. St. Martin’s Falls, Albany River, Hudson’s Bay (Barn- ston). I saw the specimen in London, and noted at that time that it was closely allied to B. flaveola; the specimen from Nova Scotia belongs to P. concinnus Walk. Perhaps a male imago, from Washington (Osten Sacken), and one from Chicago, belongs here. 46 NEUROPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA. 5. B. debilis. Baétis debilis Walker, Catal. 569, 39. Ferruginous; abdomen obscurer; sete testaceous, much longer than the body; feet pale testaceous; wings subhyaline, veins tes- taceous. ¢. (From the description of Mr. Walker.) Length of body 6 millim. Alar expanse 17. Length of sete 8 millim. Hab, Nova Scotia (Redman). 6. B. arida. Baétis arida Say, Jour. Acad. Philad. VIII, 42,2. Walk. Catal. 562, 24. Reddish-brown ; head whitish, varied with ferruginous, vertex each side, with a small black point; eyes rufous, with a whitish vitta; incisures of the abdomen much obscurer; sete and poste- rior feet greenish-white; wings immaculate. (From the description of Say.) Length of body 10 millim. Hab. Indiana (Say). A female imago, from Washington, may belong here; the specimen is mutilated. 7. B. verticis! Baétis verticis Say, Jour. Acad. Philad. VIII, 42,3. Walk. Catal. 562, 25. Yellowish-white; vertex ferruginous; thorax with two ferru- ginous vitte, which are confluent anteriorly, but obsolete poste- riorly; sete a little longer than the body, the incisures black; feet whitish, anterior femora at the apex ferruginous, apex of the anterior tibize and incisures of the tarsi fuscous; wings hyaline, veins exclusive of the marginal ones, black. (From the description of Say.) ¢ Imago. Length of body 8 millim. Alar expanse 21 millim. Sete 24 millim. fab. Indiana (Say); Maryland (Uhler). Two specimens from Maryland agree with the description, ex- cept in the color of the veins of the wings; the marginal ones are black, or rather fuscous. Is the description good? It should be observed that the species of Baétis are very difficult to separate, and perhaps some species heretofore described may be only syno- nyms of others. by Baron Osten Sacken. 29. A. praevarum! Agrion pracvarum Hagen! Black-brassy, varied with blue (¢), or green (?); head and thorax villous; very closely allied to the preceding species; differs in having the posterior margin of the prothorax each side excised; AGRION. 89 (¢) abdominal segment 2 has an orbicular spot, which is subacu- minate in front, the sides sometimes have a line brassy-black, 3 has an apical spot, acuminated in front, 4—6 brassy-black, with the base blue; superior appendages bifid, no tubercle inserted between ; the abdomen of the female is marked very much like that of Agrion civile (the apex is destroyed); dorsum of the thorax with a middle green line. Length 32 millim. Alar expanse 40 millim. Hab. Mexico (Deppe); female from Trajos del Oro (Saussure). 30. A. ebrium! Agrion ebrium Hagen! Black-brassy, varied with blue; head and thorax villous; very closely allied to Ag. civile, differs in having broader occipital spots, the femora and tibize exteriorly, and sometimes the whole of the tarsi black; the abdomen has segment 6, upon the apical half, marked with a hastate, black-brassy spot, the superior appendages are bifid, no introduced tubercle, the branches equal, parallel (in A. civile divaricated); inferior appendages straight, the apex less acuminated; eleven,postcubital cross-nervules. Male. Length 29—31 millim. Alar expanse 836—40 millim. fab. Chicago (Osten Sacken); North America (Zimmerman) ; New Orleans (Pfeiffer; the specimen is very much mutilated, doubtful). 3l. A. doubledayi! Agrion doubledayi Selys! Revue des Odonates, 209; Poey! Ins. Cuba, 469. Black-brassy, varied with blue (¢), or yellowish-green? (¢); head brassy-black, in front blue, the occipital spots sublinear; pos- terior margin of the prothorax rounded; dorsum of the thorax brassy-black, each side of it isa broad blue stripe, sides blue, a medial linear spot at the wings; feet pale, femora and tibiz exte- riorly lineated with black; abdomen (¢) blue, segment 1 with a basal quadrangular spot, segment 2 with an orbicular apical one, 3—5 with an apical ring, 6 with a large hastiform spot, and 7 and 10 entirely brassy-black, 8—9 entirely blue; margin of the tenth segment excised, in the middle somewhat bituberculated; superior appendages black, broad, thick, the apex excised, with a pale tubercle adjacent; the inferior ones pale, acute, obliqne; or (2) 90 NEUROPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA, dorsum of the abdomen brassy-black, with basal yellowish lunules upon the segments; segment 8 with an acute ventral spine; wings hyaline, pterostigma rhomboidal, small, black, or (2) fuscous; ten posteubital cross-nervules. Length 31 millim. Alar expanse 34 millim. . Hab. Florida (Norton); St. John’s Bluff, Florida (Double- day). 32. A. bipunctulatum! Agrion bipunctulatum Hagen! Black-brassy, varied with blue; head black, in front blue, occipi- tal spots absent; posterior lobe of the prothorax broader, each side rounded; dorsum of the thorax brassy-black, each side of it a blue stripe; sides blue, with a black middle line; feet pale, femora and tibize with an external line, and the tarsi entirely black ; abdomen blue ; segment 1 has a basal spot, 2 has an apical point each side, 3—6 at the apex, 7 almost entirely brassy-black, 8—10 blue; margin of the last segment subexcised, each side tuberculous, a bifid tubercle upon the middle inferiorly; appendages extremely short, black, superior ones cylindrical, inferior ones a little longer, broader, obtuse, with an apical tooth superiorly; wings hyaline ; pterostigma small, rhomboidal, rufous; eleven postcubital cross- nervules. Length 28 millim. Alar expanse 33 millim. Hab, Georgia (Abbot). 33. A. violaceum ! Agrion violaceum Hagen! -Violaceous; head with a transverse black stripe superiorly; a large violaceous occipital spot each side; posterior margin of the prothorax rounded, subexcised in the middle; dorsum of the thorax violet, upon the middle a narrow black stripe; sides pale violet, a bifid stripe above at the wings and a line upon the middle, black ; feet pale, femora exteriorly, tibie interiorly and the tarsi entirely black ; abdomen (¢) violet, segments 2 to 6 with an apical spot each side, and 7 almost entirely black; margin of 10 broadly ex- cised ; appendages short, superior ones broad, obtuse, inferior ones larger, the apex sub-bifid; or (?) yellowish-green, segments each side with an apical stripe and point, and 7 almost entirely black ; AGRION. " On segment 8 with no ventral spine; wings hyaline, pterostigma rhom- boidal fuscous; 11—15 postcubital cross-nervules. Length 33—36 millim. Alar expanse 40—44 millim. Hab. Maryland (Uhler); Berkeley Springs, Virginia; Washing- ton (Osten Sacken); Pecos River, W. Texas (Capt. Pope); Massa- chusetts (Scudder) ; Connecticut (Norton); New York (Edwards); Illinois (Kennicott); New Jersey, Pennsylvania (Uhler), ; 34. A. fontium! Agrion fontium Hagen! Brassy-black; head black, mouth and an occipital spot each side ‘ blue; posterior margin of the prothorax short, sub-rect; dorsum of the thorax black, each side of it a broad blue stripe; sides pale- blue, a stripe superiorly and a line upon the middle black; feet black, femora interiorly and tibie exteriorly pale; abdomen slender black, segments 4—7 with an interrupted, pale basal ring, dorsum of 9—10 blue, 10 with a medial black fascia, the hind margin ex- cised; appendages short, black, superior ones reniform, broken, compressed; inferior ones larger, broad, excised; wings hyaline; pterostigma rhomboidal black. Fourteen postcubital cross-nervules. Var. Rosaceous; dorsum of the thorax each side with a broad rosy stripe; sides with a rosy point on the superior stripe at the wings; (2) abdominal segments at sides, a dorsal line upon the middle and a basal ring pale; no ventral spine. Length 36 millim. Alar expanse 42 millim. Hab. Berkeley Springs, Virginia (Osten Sacken); Georgia (Abbot); the variety from Florida (Osten Sacken). 35. A. apicale! Agrion apicalis Say, Journ. Acad. Philad. VIII, 40, 4. Blue; head with a transverse black stripe above; posterior mar- gin of the prothorax subrotund; dorsum of the thorax blue, the sutures black; sides blue, against the prothorax, superiorly, a quadrangular black spot (f); feet pale, femora exteriorly and tibize interiorly black; abdomen brassy fuscous, a narrow dorsal line, a basal annulus to the segments and their sides pale; dorsal surface of the three last segments blue (f°), or brassy fuscous ( ); appendages‘small, the superior ones transverse, with a middle and 92 NEUROPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA. internal tooth; inferior ones longer, broad, bifid; margin of the tenth segment excised, tuberculous; appendages of the female short, obtuse; margin of the tenth segment cleft; no ventral spine to the eighth segment; wings hyaline, pterostigma rhomboidal, fuscous ; fourteen postcubital cross-nervules. Length 36 millim. Alar expanse 43 millim. Hab. United States, “very common” (Say); Washington ; Berkeley Springs, Virginia (Osten Sacken). 36. A. funebre! Agrion funebre Hagen! Violaceous; head with an arcuated fascia above, and a trans- ~ verse occipital streak black ; margin of the prothorax behind, upon the.middle and each side subtruncated ; dorsum of the thorax vio- laceous, a black stripe upon the middle, sides pale violaceous, a stripe superiorly, either divided or excised, and a line upon the middle black; feet pale, femora exteriorly, tibie interiorly and tarsi black; abdomen obscure violaceous, segment 2 each side with an angulose line, 3 to 6 apex or a spot each side, or entirely and 7 entirely black, 8 fuscous at base (?), the following ones vio- laceous ; appendages short, superior ones obtuse, rounded at the apex and incurved; inferior ones longer, oblong, the apex bifid, the superior branch incurved; wings hyaline, pterostigma rhom- boidal, fuscous. ¢. Fourteen postcubital cross-nervules. Length 40 millim. ‘Alar expanse 51 millim. Hab. Mexico (Deppe). It is allied to the two preceding species. 37. A. extraneum! Agrion extraneum Hagen! Very similar to the preceding, differs by having the head black above; the posterior margin of the prothorax rounded; dorsum of the abdomen black; margin of the tenth segment excised, be- neath bituberculated ; superior appendages broader, emarginated, the apex not incurved ; the inferior ones bifid, the superior branch very much recurved, obliquely truncated. ¢. Length 35 millim. Alar expanse 42 millim. Hab. Tampico, Mexico (Saussure). AGRION. 93 38. A. calidum! Agrion calidum Hagen! Very much like the preceding, differs in having the dorsum of the thorax black, each side a broad violaceous stripe; sides pale, a broad stripe above, and an abrupt line upon the middle black ; feet almost entirely black ; abdomen black, segments 9—10 blue above, margin of segment 10 less excised; superior appendages ‘reniform, the internal tooth longer; inferior ones oblong, broad, the apex excised ; wings hyaline sub-infumated, pterostigma larger, black. Fifteen postcubital cross-nervules. @ Head luteous(?), a stripe superiorly and a post-occipital streak black ; margin of the prothorax behind sub-excised in the middle and each side, the thoracic process on each side laminated, oblong, curved exteriorly ; dorsum of the thorax luteous(?), with a black stripe in the middle, sides luteous, with a black humeral line, dilated anteriorly; feet pale, the femora exteriorly, the tibize interiorly and the tarsi black; abdomen luteous (?), seg- ment 2 each side, with an ante-apical spot, and 3—7 upon the apex black; dorsum of 10 almost entirely cleft ; appendages short, luteous; no ventral spine; wings sub-infumated, pterostigma large, rufous. Length 37—40 millim. Alar expanse 46—50 millim. Hab, Tampico, Mexico (Saussure) ; California. I saw a male taken at the same place (Tampico), allied to this species, but the epistoma was brassy-green, the sides of the thorax had no middle black line; the appendages destroyed. Is it a dis- tinct species? The male from California is without head and appendages, and is, as yet, doubtful. 39. A. immundum! Agrion immundum Hagen ! Most like A. apicale, but differs in the color, being luteous, per- haps rosaceous; dorsum of the thorax with a middle black stripe; a humeral black line, which is cleft at the wings; abdomen ob- scure luteous, segment 2 with a spot each side before the apex, the apex of 3—6, and 7 entirely black, the following ones blue (¢) or luteous ; segments 2—7 each side with a black streak, the following ones blue (@); superior appendages obtuse, excised at the apex; the inferior ones broad, sub-bifid at the apex, the supe- 94 NEUROPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA. rior branch conical, recurved ; tenth segment of the female almost entirely cleft; the appendages short, luteous; no ventral spine; wings hyaline, pterostigma rhomboidal, fuscous; fourteen postcu- bital cross nervules. Length 36 millim. Alar expanse 44 millim. Hab, Tampico, Mexico (Saussure). 40. A. sedulum! Agrion sedulum Hagen | Black ; head blue above; posterior margin of-the prothorax sub-rect ; dorsum of the thorax black, each side a blue stripe; sides blue, superiorly with a black fascia, which is biserrated below, and a black line upon the middle ; feet pale, femora exteriorly and the tibize within black; abdomen black, segments 2 to 7 with a dorsal blue spot at base, the following ones entirely blue; append- ages black, short, superior ones cylindrical, straight, obtuse, with an ante-apical tooth beneath; inferior ones longer, bifid, the branches divaricated, recurved beneath ; margin of the tenth seg- ment elevated in the middle, excised; wings hyaline, pterostigma rhomboidal, brownish-black. ¢. Thirteen postcubital cross-ner- vules. Length 34 millim. Alar expanse 38 millim. Hab. Berkeley Springs, Virginia (Osten Sacken); Pecos River, Western Texas (Capt. Pope). ; The colors of the living insect were communicated to me by Baron Osten Sacken. 41. A. moestum! Agrion moestum Hagen ! Fuscous ; head blue in front; posterior margin of the prothorax subrect ; dorsum of the thorax fuscous, each side with a broad blue stripe(?); sides brassy-fuscous, with an obscure blue middle stripe(?) ; feet luteous, femora exteriorly and tibis interiorly brassy-fuscous ; abdomen brassy-fuscous, segments 8—7 with a basal blue lunule; segment 10 margin excised in the middle ; appendages extremely short, the superior ones obtuse, incurved at the apex, the inferior ones broad, truncated at the apex, hardly sinuated. 2 Pale green; head with a post-occipital fuscous streak ; pos- terior margin of the prothorax subrect, each side with a brassy- AGRION. 95 fuscous point; the process upon the thorax, near each side, lami- nated, oblong, short, rounded; thorax pale green, a dorsal, fuscous, middle line; feet pale green, the femora sublineated with fuscous ; abdomen pale green, segments 3—7 each side, with a lateral fus- cous streak; appendages short, pale; the wings hyaline, ptero- stigma rhomboidal, black (¢), or luteous (2). Fifteen posteubi- tal cross-nervules. : Length 483—45 millim. Alar expanse 50—56 millim. Hab. Pecos River, Western Texas, July (Capt. Pope). 42. A. lugens! Agrion lugens Hagen! Luteous; head above with an arcuated, angulose line, and a postoccipital fascia blackish-brown ; posterior margin of the pro- thorax subrotund, each side with an arcuated black spot; process of the thorax near each side, laminated, small, narrow, curved out- wards ; thorax luteous, a dorsal middle streak and two narrow stripes each side, fuscous; sides luteous, above with a broadly divided stripe, upon the middle at the wings an abrupt streak, and a line beneath black ; feet luteous, femora exteriorly and tibe -interiorly subfuscous; abdomen thick, luteous, a broad stripe each side, confluent together at the apices of the segments, blackish- brown, the last segment cleft; appendages short, luteous; wings hyaline, pterostigma larger, rhomboidal, fuscous, luteous in the middle; sixteen posteubital cross-nervules. (°.) Length 50 millim. Alar expanse 67 millim. Hab. Mexico (Mihlenpford; Berlin Museum). It belongs to the genus Hypongura Selys, which is distin- guished by the postcostal space being multi-areolate. 43. A. lacrimans! Agrion lacrimans Hagen! Luteous; head luteous, above with spots in the middle, and a postoccipital streak black; posterior margin of the prothorax short, broadly bi-emarginated, and with a geminate black spot; laminated process near each side of the thorax broadened at the apex and curved inwards; dorsum of the thorax luteous, a black stripe on the middle; sides luteous, a humeral line dilated ante- riorly, and a middle line black; feet luteous, exteriorly and tarsi brownish-black ; abdomen luteous, a broad, black stripe each side, 96 NEUROPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA. confluent together at the apices of the segments (apex destroyed) ; wings hyaline, pterostigma rhomboidal, luteo-fuscous; sixteen post- cubital cross-nervules. (@.) Length about 45 millim. Alar expanse 56 millim. Hab. Cordova, Mexico (Saussure). 44. A. putridum! Agrion putridum Hagen! Fuscous; head fuscous, in front luteous; posterior margin of the prothorax subrect; dorsum of the thorax luteous, a fuscous stripe upon the middle; sides luteous; a stripe superiorly, which is excised at the wings, and a line upon the middle blackish-brown; feet luteous, femora exteriorly and tibiz interiorly fuscous ; abdo- men black, segments 3—7 each side with a pale basal lunule; head, thorax, and apex of the abdomen pruinose; margin of the tenth segment excised in the middle; appendages short, superior ones obtuse, an ante-apical tooth beneath, the inferior appendages broad, truncated at the apex. @ pale green; head with a post- occipital black streak; posterior margin of the prothorax straight, each side with a black spot; laminated process near each side of the thorax small, straight, rounded ; dorsum of the thorax green, a black line upon the middle; sides green, a black line in the middle; feet paler; abdomen green, each side with an interrupted black line; apex of the tenth segment excised; appendages short; wings hyaline, pterostigma rhomboidal, black (¢), or luteous (2); fourteen postcubital cross-nervules. Length 40 millim. Alar expanse 48 millim. fab. Wisconsin River (Kennicott) ; Berkeley Springs, Virginia (Osten Sacken); Maryland (Uhler). 45. A. cupreum! Agrion cupreum Hagen! Coppery-purple; head cupreous; posterior margin of the pro- thorax rounded; dorsum of the thorax cupreous, the middle carina black; sides pale, above coppery; feet black, tibie pale exteriorly ; abdomen black, segment 2 fusco-aeneous, 4—8 with a basal blue annulus, J—10 entirely blue; margin of 10 excised, bituberculated beneath; appendages black, the superior ones flat, subelongated, triangular, bifid at the apex, the interior branch subincurved ; the inferior ones longer, the apex broader, excised. The eighth seg- AGRION. 97 ment is sometimes all blue ¢. Specimens from Venezuela are smaller, but hardly distinct; their females have the head marked each side with a luteous, occipital point; hind margin of the pro- thorax slightly sinuated ; laminated process near each side of the thorax short, curved inwards; dorsum of the thorax luteous, a cupreous stripe upon the middle; sides yellowish-green, with a brassy stripe above ; abdomen yellowish-green, each side with an interrupted, black stripe; wings hyaline, pterostigma rhomboidal, black (¢), or luteous (); fifteen postcubital cross-nervules. Length 40—83 millim. Alar expanse 48—40 millim. Hab. Cordova, Mexico (Saussure); Venezuela (Appun). 46. A. aspersum! Agrion aspersum Hagen ! Black, varied with blue; head black, in front and an occipital point each side blue; posterior margin of the prothorax sub- excised each side; dorsum of the thorax black, each side with a broad blue stripe; sides blue; feet pale blue, femora exteriorly, tibize interiorly and tarsi almost entirely black; abdomen black, the sides blue; segment 1 blue, with a quadrangular, basal, black spot; 2 blue, with an apical, pyriform, black spot; 3 blue, with a large, apical, reversed hastiform, black spot ; the apical half of 7, the whole of 8 and 9, and 10 with a large ovate spot each side blue; margin of the tenth segment subexcised ; appendages black, superior ones long, straight, cylindrical, the apex subincurved, with a basal process beneath, which is large, laminated; the infe- rior appendages are short, trigonal, the apex acute, curved in- wards; wings hyaline, pterostigma small, rhomboidal, black ; twelve postcubital cross-nervules. (~.) Length 35—30 millim. Alar expanse 40—36 millim. Hab. New York; Bergen Hill, New Jersey (Guex); Chicago (Osten Sacken). 47. A. fumipenne! Agrion fumipenne Burm.! Handb. II, 819, 7.—Argia obscura Rambur, Neuropt. 256, 3. Fusco-aeneous; head in front, and an occipital spot each side blue(?); posterior margin of the prothorax rounded, each side sub- truncated; dorsum of the thorax blue(?), a narrow, fusco-aeneons stripe upon the middle; sides blue(?) above fusco-aeneous, a black 7 98 NEUROPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA. line in the middle; femora within and tibize without pale; abdo- men fusco-aeneous, margin of the tenth segment excised, beneath bituberculated; superior appendages short, obtuse, arcuated, infe- rior ones broader, the apex sub-bifid; or (2) fuscous, the apex of the segments black, a blue(?) annulus at their base; no ventral spine; wings fuscous, pterostigma rhomboidal, fuscous; sixteen postcubital cross-nervules. Length 36 millim. Alar expanse 388—45 millim. Hab. Kentucky; Florida (Osten Sacken). Kirby, Fauna Bor. Amer. p. 252, describes Agrion puella Linn. as having been taken in North America, lat. 65°; perhaps it is another species which is inextricable. The varieties captured, which he describes, are :— Var. B. Sea-green; dorsum of the thorax black, with a green stripe each side; abdomen black, the base green, inscribed with black ; feet black, beneath pale green; the pterostigma black, en- vironed with pale. (Certainly a female.) Var. C. Dorsum of the thorax black, each side with a whitish stripe; feet black; pterostigma black. (From the description of Kirby.) Tribe Il. AESCHNINA. Wings unequal; triangles of all the wings of the same form ; genital organs of the male having the anterior hamule connate; the penis and vesicle conjoined; genital organs of the female vagi- nated or exposed. Sub-Fam. III. GOMPHINA. Eyes distant or sub-distant; head transverse; wings unequal, the posterior ones broader; the triangle short; genital organs of the female exposed. ; Division I. Labium entire. GOMPHUS Leacu. Triangles of all the wings with no transverse veins. Subgenus Erpetogomphus SEtys. The abdomen blackish, with broad, hastiform, dorsal yellow spots; the feet short; penis with no tooth beneath. OO ated —— =e . GOMPHUS. 99 1. G. compositus! Erpetogomphus compositus Hag.! Monog. Gomph. 400, 16 bis; pl. xx, fig. 2. Selys, Addit. Synops. 10, 21. Pale yellow; head pale, between the eyes black; thorax pale, dorsum with two broad, approximated stripes, and another exter- nal one each side, a little incurved, black; the sides bright yellow, each side with oblique, black lines; the space between the second and third line pale; feet yellow, having a black line exteriorly, the tarsi black; abdomen black, the second segment at sides, and a dorsal, elongated spot, segments 3 to 7 with a large, hastiform spot, the eighth each side of base, and the following ones entirely, pale yellow, appendages yellow; vulvar scale short, divided; wings hyaline, subflavescent at base, pterostigma large, black. Female. Thirteen antecubital cross-nervules. 8—9 postcubital cross-nerv- ules. Length 46 millim. Alar expanse 62 millim. Pterostigma 33 millim. Hab. Pecos River, Western Texas (Capt. Pope). 2. G. designatus ! Erpetogomphus designatus Hag.! Monog. Gomph. 401, 16 ter; pl. xx, fig. 1. Selys, Addit. Synops. 10, 26 bis. Yellow; head pale yellow; thorax yellow, the dorsum with two subcontiguous stripes, which are broader in front, and another shorter, oblique one each side, fuscous; the sides pale, with three very narrow fuscous lines, the middle one interrupted; feet yellow, femora and tibize with an external streak, and the tarsi entirely black; abdomen cylindrical, slender, the dorsum blackish-fuscous, segments 2 to 7 with a large, dorsal, hastiform yellow spot; in the females the sides are interrupted with pale; the males have the four last segments subdilated, yellow, obsoletely varied with fus- cous; the superior appendages contiguous, straight, the apical half narrowed, acute, the inferior one narrow, bifid, hardly shorter than the superiors, the apex recurved, obtuse; vulvar lamina with a small triangle each side; wings hyaline, their extreme bases flaves- cent, pterostigma large, dilated, black; thirteen antecubitals; S— 10 postcubitals; two discoidal areolets. Length 49—51 millim. Alar expanse 66—68 millim. Ptero- stigma 3} millim. ; Hab. Pecos River, Western Texas (Capt. Pope). 100 NEUROPTERA OF NORTH. AMERICA. 3. G. boa. Erpetogomphus boa Selys! Addit. Synops. 11, 21 quart. Yellow; head yellow; thorax yellow, varied with obscure fus- cous; femora yellow, externally with a fuscous fascia, tibixe fus- cous, or yellow, with the outside black, the four anterior tarsi brownish-black ; abdomen yellowish; superior appendages inflated at base, an obtuse tooth above; their apex curved inwards, obtuse, villous; the inferior one bifid, shorter; the vulvar lamina excised ; wings hyaline; pterostigma pale fuscous. (From the description of De Selys Longchamps.) Male. Length 47 millim. . Alar expanse 69—72 millim. Hab. Vera Cruz, Mexico. 4, G. cophias! Erpetogomphus cophias Selys! Monog. Gomph. 72, 17; pl. iv, fgg, Selys, Addit. Synops. 11, 21 quint. Yellow; head yellow, between the ocelli fuscous; thorax yellow, dorsum having an obsolete, humeral, rufous stripe; abdomen yel- low, segments 4—9 each side blackish-fuscous; segment 10 with two basal, black spots; femora yellow, with a black fascia exter- nally, tibize and tarsi black ; superior appendages inflated at base, with a basal tooth beneath; at the apex they are obtuse; the infe- rior one bifid, shorter; wings hyaline, pterostigma pale fuscous ; vulvar lamina short, each side orbicular. Length 47 millim. Alar expanse 64 millim. Pterostigma 3 millim. Hab. Mexico; Trojes del Oro (Saussure). 5. G. elaps! Erpetogomphus elaps Selys! Monog. Gomph. 70, 16; pl. iv, fig. 4. Selys, Addit. Synops. 12, 21 sext. Yellow; head yellow, between the ocelli fuscous; thorax yellow, dorsum each side with an obsolete, humeral, rufous vestige ; femora yellow, externally with a black fascia, tibize and tarsi black; abdo- men slender, yellowish, before the apex dilated, the second segment each side, lineated with black, and with a trilobed, dorsal, yellow spot; segments 83—6 blackish, with a yellow, basal ring, or yellow with an apical black ring (teneral), segment 7 yellow, or sometimes fuscous behind, segments 8—10 fuscous, obscurely varied with black ; superior appendages contiguous, not inflated at base, the * GOMPHUS. 101 apex obtuse, subincurved ; the inferior one bifid, one-half shorter than the superior; wings hyaline, pterostigma fuscous or fulvous. Male. Twelve antecubitals ; 8—9 postcubitals; two discoidal areolets. Length 41 millim. Alar expanse 54 millim. Pterostigma 3 millim. Hab, Atlihuazan, Mexico (Saussure). ' 6. G. crotalinus ! Erpetogomphus crotalinus Hag.! Monog. Gomph. 72, 18; pl. iv, fig. 5. Selys, Synops. 21, 21.—Ophiogomphus menetriesti Selys! Synops. 20, 20. Greenish-yellow; head and thorax greenish-yellow; feet yellow, exteriorly lineated with black, tarsi black; abdomen slender, be- fore the apex dilated, greenish-yellow, with a black stripe each side; superior appendages straight, contiguous, inflated at base, the apex acute; the inferior one bifid, the apex incurved, acute ; vulvar lamina excised; wings hyaline, pterostigma yellow, sur- rounded by black nervures. Eleven antecubitals; 8—9 posteubitals; two discoidal areolets. Length 45—49 millim. Alar expanse 66 millim. Pterostigma 3+ millim. flab. Mexico; Brazil. G. menetriestz, from Brazil, very likely, does not differ from this species; but the typical specimen being destroyed, other speci- mens are to be observed. Subgenus Ophiogomphus Setys. 7. G. colubrinus! Ophiogomphus colubrinus Selys! Monog. Gomph. 76, 19; pl. v, fig. 1. Selys, Synops. 21, 22. ; Greenish-yellow ; head yellow, in front with four black lines, labium black in the middle; thorax greenish-yellow, a middle stripe, and another each side, lateral, narrow, fuscous; sides, each with three narrow black lines; feet yellow, the posterior femora exteriorly fuscous, tibise black with an external yellow line; abdo- men cylindrical, before the apex dilated, the dorsum black, seg- ‘ments 3—T with a basal yellow stripe, the rest with a yellow spot; superior appendages yellow, short, trigonal, subincurved ; the in- 102 NEUROPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA. ferior one broad, bifid, hardly shorter; wings hyaline, pterostigma pale fuscous. Male. © Fourteen antecubitals ; 11—12 postcubitals; two discoidal are- - olets. Length 50 millim. Alar expanse 64 millim. Pterostigma 3 millim. Hab. Hudson’s Bay. This species is very much like G. serpentinus Charp., of Europe. Subgenus Gomphus. 8. G. spinosus! Gomphus spinosus Selys! Monog. Gomph. 120, 35; pl. vii, fig. 2. Selys, Synops. 40, 51. Fuscous, spotted with yellow; head yellow, with a black band before the eyes; dorsum of the thorax fuscous, a medial stripe dilated in front, and a subcontiguous streak each side, yellow; sides yellowish; feet black, the anterior femora beneath yellowish; pos- terior femora extremely long, spinous; abdomen long, yellow, a broad, brownish-black stripe upon each side; superior appendages divaricated, trigonal, the apex acute, recurved, upon the under side on the middle, a blunt tooth; the inferior one broad, forked ; the vulvar lamina narrow, bifid; wings hyaline, pterostigma large, yellow; 13—14 antecubitals; eleven postcubitals; two discoidal areolets. Length 54—61 millim. Alar expanse 76—80 millim. Ptero- stigma 4 millim. Hab. Georgia. 9. G. armatus. Gomphus armatus Selys! Monog. Gomph. 122, 36. Selys, Synops. 40, 52. Fuscous, spotted with yellow ; head yellow, front with a trans- verse black line inferiorly ; thorax fuscous, a middle stripe, dilated in front, and a humeral and antehumeral streak, yellow; sides yel- low, with two fuscous stripes; feet black, anterior femora yellowish beneath; posterior femora extremely long, spinous; abdomen long, the apex very much dilated, yellow, a broad brownish-black stripe — each side; appendages like those of G. spinosus, pale fuscous ; wings hyaline; pterostigma large, yellow. Male. Fifteen antecubitals ; ten postcubitals; two discoidal areolets. GOMPHUS, 103 Length 54 millim. Alar expanse 76 millim. Pterostigma 4 millim. Hab. North America (British Museum). ° 10. G. spoliatus! , Gomphus spoliatus Hag.! Monog. Gomph. 409, 36 bis; pl. xxi, fig. 1. Se- , lys, Addit. Synops. 17, 32 bis. Yellow, spotted with fuscous; head yellow; thorax yellow, dor- sum with two medial, contiguous, anteriorly broadened stripes, and two oblique ones each side, fuscous; sides yellow, with fuscous, oblique lines each side; feet black, the anterior and posterior pairs of femora yellowish beneath; the posterior femora extremely long, spinous; abdomen long, slender, the apex very much dilated, yel- low, the second segment each side, with a large angular spot, seg- ments 3—6 each side, with a point and apical triangular spot, black; appendages like those of G. spinosus, yellow; wings hya- line, pterostigma large, yellow. Male. 13—14 antecubitals; 8—10 postcubitals; two discoidal areolets. Length 60 millim. Alar expanse 74 millim. Pterostigma 33 millim. * Hab. Pecos River, Western Texas (Capt. Pope). Is this not the teneral stage of G. armatus? ll. G. dilatatus! Gomphus dilatatus Ramb.! Neuropt. 155, 2. Selys! Monogr. Gomph. 123, 37; pl. vii, fig. 3. Selys, Synops. 28, 31. Black, spotted with yellow; head yellow, with two stripes in front and a third before the eyes, black; dorsum of the thorax black, with two yellow stripes each side; sides yellow, each side with two oblique black streaks; feet black, anterior femora beneath yellowish ; the posterior femora longer; abdomen slender, long, the apex strongly dilated, excavated, black, segments 1—T with a dorsal middle fascia, segments 1—3 each side with a lateral fascia and segment 9 at the sides, yellow; appendages black, superior ones short, cylindrical, incurved, the apex beneath, obliquely trunc-, ated, acute; the inferior one broad, bifid; wings hyaline, ptero- ‘stigma moderate, black; the membranule broader, cinereous ; vulyar lamina long, excised, bifurcated; thirteen antecubitals ; fourteen postcubitals ; two discoidal areolets. 104 NEUROPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA. Length 65—72 millim. Alar expanse 84 millim. Pterostigma 34—4 millim. Hab. Georgia (Abbot). 12. G. externus! Gomphus externus Hag.! Monog. Gomph. 411, 37 bis; pl. xxi, fig. 2. Se- lys, Addit. Synops. 14, 31 bis. Yellow, spotted with black; head yellow, a narrow black band before the eyes; thorax yellow, dorsum with a straight middle stripe, and two each side, incurved, black; sides yellow, each side with two oblique black stripes; feet black, anterior femora upon the base beneath, yellowish, tibize at the base exteriorly, yellow ; abdomen long, the apex dilated; yellow, each side with a broad black stripe, which is conjoined upon the dorsum at the apex of the segments ; appendages fuscous, superior ones short, trigonal, acute; the inferior one broader, bifurcated; vulvar lamina narrow, the apex bifid; wings hyaline, pterostigma narrow, fuscous; 11— 12 antecubitals ; 9—10 postcubitals; two discoidal areolets. Length 52 millim. Alar expanse 66 millim. Pterostigma 3 millim. : Hab, Pecos River, Western Texas (Capt. Pope). . 13. G. adelphus. Gomphus adelphus Selys! Monog. Gomph. 413, 38 bis. Selys, Addit. Sy- nops. 15, 34 ter. Yellow, spotted with black; head yellow, in front with two con- fluent black bands; thorax yellow, dorsum each side, with three black stripes, the intermediate ones contiguous; feet black; apex of the abdomen dilated, dorsum black, segments 1—7 with a macu- lose, median, yellow stripe; appendages black, superior ones incurved at the apex, acute; wings hyaline, pterostigma small, fuscous. Male. (From the description of De Selys Longchamps.) Length 48 millim. Alar expanse 54 millim. Pterostigma 2 millim. Hab. New York (Asa Fitch). nae G. fraternus ! schna fraterna Say, Journ. Acad. Philad. VIII, 16, 9.—Gomphus fra- ternus Selys! Monog. Gomph. 125, 138; pl. vii, fig. 4. Selys, Sy- nops. 28, 32. Yellow, spotted with black; head yellow, thorax yellow, dorsum GOMPHUS. 105 with a stripe upon the middle,*and one each side, laterally, broad, » black, divided with yellow; feet black, the anterior and posterior femora partly yellowish; abdomen dilated at the apex, black, a dorsal line broader at the base, yellow, at the apex wanting ; a basal, lateral yellow stripe, and the eighth and ninth segments, each side, yellow; appendages black; vulvar lamina narrow, two-parted ; wings hyaline, pterostigma yellow; twelve antecubitals; 10—11 postcubitals ; two discoidal areolets. Length 48 millim. Alar expanse 64 millim. Pterostigma 3 millim. Hab. New York (Schaum); Virginia (Osten Sacken). 15. G. villosipes! Gomphus villosipes Selys! Synops. 34, 41.—Gomphus pallidus Selys! Mo- nog. Gomph. 145, 47; pl. viii, fig. 6. (partly.) Greenish-yellow, spotted with black; head yellowish, with a black stripe in front; thorax greenish-yellow, dorsum with a stripe upon the middle, and a lateral, broad one, each side, divided with yellow, black; sides with an interrupted, black line; feet black, anterior femora beneath yellowish, tibize with an external yellow line; apex of the abdomen a little dilated, dorsum of the abdomen black, with a maculose, yellow stripe upon the middle; segments 8 and 9 black, 10 yellow; appendages yellowish, black at apex, the superior ones divaricated, deplanated, the apex acute and curved inwards; the inferior one broadly forked, the apex recurved ; wings hyaline, pterostigma yellow. Male. Eleven antecubitals ; ten postcubitals ; three discoidal areolets. Length 47 millim. Alar expanse 59 millim. Pterostigma 35 millim, Hab. North America (Vienna Museum). 16. G. pallidus! Gomphus pallidus Ramb.! Neuropt. 163,12. Selys! Monog. Gomph. 145, 47; pl. viii, fig. 6 (Partly). Selys!.Synops. 33, 40. Testaceous; head pale; thorax villous, olivaceous, dorsum each side, with an obsolete rufous line; feet testaceous, femora above and tibis beneath blackish-brown; abdomen long, the ninth seg- ment longer than the others; apex hardly dilated, testaceous, each side with a broader subfuscous stripe, which is wanting at the 106 NEUROPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA. apex; appendages pale; vulvar lamina triangular, the apex bifid; wings hyaline, pterostigma narrow, longer, yellow. Female. Twelve antecubitals ; ten postcubitals ; two discoidal areolets. Length 58 millim. Alar expanse 76 millim. Pterostigma 5 millim. Hab. Georgia (Abbot). ! 17. G. pilipes! Gomphus pilipes Selys! Monog. Gomph. 148, 48; pl. viii, fig. 7. Selys! Addit. Synops. 15, 40 bis. Testaceous ; head pale; thorax villous, olivaceous, dorsum each side, with an obsolete fuscous line; feet testaceous, femora villous, above, and tibiz beneath, blackish-brown; abdomen long, the ninth segment longer than the others, the apex hardly dilated ; testaceous, the middle segments at the apex, and the basal seg- ments each side, with an obsolete fuscous fascia; appendages pale, the superior ones trigonal, the apex acute, curved inwards; the inferior ones broadly bifurcated; vulvar lamina oblong, bifid at the apex; wings hyaline, pterostigma narrow, yellow; twelve an- tecubitals ; eleven posteubitals; 3 discoidal areolets. Length 53 millim. Alar expanse 68 millim. Pterostigma 4 millim. flab. New Orleans; Georgia. 18. G. lividus! Gomphus lividus Selys! Monog. Gomph. 150, 49; pl. ix, fig. 1. Selys! Synops. 34, 42.—Gomphus sordidus Hag.! Selys, Synops. 35, 43. Olivaceous, spotted with fuscous; head pale yellow; thorax oli- vaceous, the dorsum with a stripe upon the middle, each side a broad, fuscous one, divided with olive; the sides with two broad, fuscous lines; feet testaceous, tibiae beneath and the tarsi, black ; abdomen equal, the base dilated, fuscous, a dorsal, medial, yellow line, interrupted upon the segments, and absent from the apex; appendages fuscous, the superior ones trigonal, narrower at the apex, acute, somewhat dilated in the middle; the inferior one broadly bifid; wings hyaline, pterostigma small, yellow; twelve antecubitals ; twelve postcubitals; two discoidal areolets. Length 51 millim. Alar expanse 66 millim. Pterostigma 3 millim. Hab. §. Carolina (Zimmerman); Washington (Osten Sacken). ii canta i i a eer aa aaa iain at i ii cl i GOMPHUS. 107 A male from Washington has the appendages a little different ; the specimen, however, is a very freshly excluded one; perhaps it belongs to this same species. 19. G. spicatus! Gomphus spicatus Hag.! Monog. Gomph. 153, 50, and 415, 50; pl. ix, fig. 2. Selys! Synops. 35, 44. Fuscous, spotted with luteous; head pale yellow; thorax clothed with fuscous hairs, dorsum with a stripe each side and the sides with two stripes, luteous; femora luteous, above fuscous; tibis blackish-fuscous, exteriorly yellowish, tarsi black; abdomen equal, inflated at base, fuscous, the dorsum with an interrupted, yellow line, the base each side with a yellow stripe; appendages fuscous, the superior ones trigonal, acute at the apex, with an external, basal tooth; the inferior one broader, divaricated, broadly bifid ; the vulvar lamina triangular, bifid, subdivaricated; wings hyaline, pterostigma yellow; twelve antecubitals; ten postcubitals; two discoidal areolets. Length 49 millim. Alar expanse 60 millim. Pterostigma 3 millim. Hab. New York (Schaum); Canada. 20. G. militaris ! Gomphus militaris Hag.! Monog. Gomph. 416, 51 bis; pl. xxi, fig. 3. Selys! Addit. Synops. 16, 44 bis. Yellow, spotted with blackish-brown; head pale yellow; thorax yellow, dorsum each side with a lateral stripe, which is broad, blackish-fuscous, divided with yellow; the sides with two brown- ish-black lines; feet yellowish, the femora bilineated with black, the tibiee within, and the tarsi black; abdomen slender, yellow, dilated at the apex, an interrupted brownish-black line each side, which is absent at the apex; appendages yellow, the superior ones trigonal, the apex curved inwards, acute, with an external obtuser tooth; the inferior appendage broadly bifid; vulvar lamina ex- tremely short, excised ; wings hyaline, pterostigma yellow ; 12—14 antecubitals ; eleven postcubitals ; two discoidal areolets. Length 47—50 millim. Alar expanse 64 millim. Pterostigma 4 millim. Hab. Pecos River, Western Texas (Capt. Pope). 108 NEUROPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA. 21. G. intricatus! Gomphus intricatus Hag.! Monog. Gomph. 418, 51 ter; pl. xxi, fig. 3. Selys! Addit. Synops. 16, 44 ter. Yellow, spotted with brownish-black ; head pale yellow; thorax yellow, dorsum with a medial fascia, divided with yellow, each side an incurved fascia, and a humeral one, brownish-black ; femora yellow, with a fuscous stripe above, tibiee black, exteriorly yellow, tarsi black ; abdomen slender, broader at the apex; yellow, each side with an interrupted, fuscous stripe, which is absent at the apex ; appendages yellow, the superior ones divaricated, the apex, outwardly, truncated, acute, the inferior appendage broadly bifid ; wings hyaline, pterostigma yellow. Male. Twelve antecubitals ; eight posteubitals ; two discoidal areolets. Length 45 millim. Alar expanse 60 millim. Pterostigma 3 millim. Hab, Pecos River, Western Texas (Capt. Pope). 22. G. minutus! Gomphus minutus Ramb.! Neuropt. 161, 9. Selys! Monog. Gomph. 155, 51; pl. ix, fig. 3. Selys! Synops. 36, 45. Yellow, spotted with black; head yellow; thorax yellow, dor- sum with a medial fascia, and a broad lateral one each side, black, divided with yellow, the sides with two, almost contiguous, oblique, black stripes; feet yellow, femora exteriorly, the tibie interiorly and the tarsi, black; the abdomen somewhat broader at the apex, yellow, each side with a broad black stripe ; appendages yellowish, fuscous at the apex, the superior ones trigonal, with a long, basal tooth beneath; the inferior one broadly bifid; vulvar lamina very short, excised; wings hyaline, pterostigma yellow; twelve ante- cubitals ; eleven postcubitals ; two discoidal areolets. Length 49 millim. Alar expanse 60 millim. Pterostigma 3 millim. Hab, Georgia (Abbot). 23. G. exilis! Gomphus exilis Selys! Monog. Gomph. 156, 52. Selys! Synops. 36, 46. Yellow, marked with blackish-fuscous; head yellow; thorax yellow, dorsum with a broad middle stripe and each side of it a broad lateral one, each divided with yellow, fuscous; sides yellow, with a broad, oblique, fuscous fascia; feet yellow, femora exte- GOMPHUS. 109 riorly, tibie interiorly, and the tarsi, brownish-black ; abdomen with the apex a little dilated, the dorsum blackish-fuscous, with a medial yellow stripe; appendages yellow, superior ones trigonal, dilated and toothed beneath; the inferior one broadly bifid; vulvar lamina oval, short, bifid; wings hyaline, pterostigma yellow; nine antecubitals; eight posteubitals; two discoidal areolets. Length 42 millim. Alar expanse 50 millim. Pterostigma 23 millim. Hab, Maryland (Uhler); Massachusetts (Scudder). 24, G, parvulus. Gomphus parvulus Selys! Monog. Gomph. 157, 53; pl. xxii, fig. 1. Se- lys! Synops. 37, 47. Black; head black, a fascia in front, and two spots, yellow; thorax black, dorsum each side, with a small, yellow line; sides yellow, with two contiguous stripes and a third posteriorly, black ; feet black; abdomen equal, black, the dorsum with a basal, ma- culose, yellow stripe; appendages fuscous, superior ones nearly straight, cylindrical, the apex narrower, acute, beneath with a basal tooth; the inferior one-half shorter, broadly bifid; wings hyaline, pterostigma blackish-fuscous. (Male.) Thirteen antecubitals ; eleven postcubitals ; two discoidal areo- lets. ° Length 40 millim. Alar expanse 54 millim. Pterostigma 3 millim. Hab. Nova Scotia (British Museum). 25. G. plagiatus. Gomphus plagiatus Selys! Tones: Gomph. 159, 54. Selys! Synops. 38, 48. Yellow, spotted with black ; head yellow ; dorsum of the thorax black, each side with a yellow stripe; sides yellow, with two black lines; femora yellow, the basal half exteriorly black, tibie and tarsi black; abdomen long, the apex subdilated, luteous ; segments 7—9 yellow, with a red apex; appendages yellow, like those of G. villosipes; wings hyaline, pterostigma yellow. (From the de- scription of De Selys Longchamps. ) Fourteen antecubitals; eight postcubitals; two discoidal areolets. Length 54 millim. Alar expanse 64 millim. Pterostigma ? millim. Hab, North America (British Museum). 110 NEUROPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA. 26. G. notatus. Gomphus notatus Ramb.! Neuropt. 162,10. Selys! Monog. Gomph. 159, 55. Selys! Synops. 38, 49.—Gomphus elongatus Selys! Synops. 39, 50 (2). Greenish-yellow, spotted with fuscous; head yellowish; dorsum of the thorax fuscous, each side with narrow green stripes ; sides greenish-yellow, with two fuscous stripes; feet yellow, femora above, fuscous, tibize and tarsi, black; abdomen long, cylindrical, fuscous; vulvar lamina short; wings hyaline, pterostigma long, rufous. (From the description of De Selys Longchamps.) 13—15 antecubitals; eleven postcubitals; two discoidal aveolets. Length 64 millim. Alar expanse 68—78 millim. Pterostigma 5 millim. Hab. North America (British Museum). Subgenus Neogomplhus Setys. 27. G. specularis! Neogomphus? specularis Hag.! Selys, Addit. Synops. 18, 64 bis. Yellow, spotted with black; head yellow in front, above black, in the middle yellow; thorax yellow, dorsum each side, with a broad, black stripe; sides yellow; feet black; abdomen equal, black, the dorsum with a narrow yellow stripe, which is almost absent upon the apex, segments 8 and 9 with a yellow spot each side; appendages yellow; vulvar lamina large, bifid, bi-ovate; wings hyaline, pterostigma black. Female. 10—11 antecubitals; 10—11 postcubitals; two discoidal areo- lets. ; Length 45 millim. Alar expanse 58 millim. Pterostigma 3 millim. Hab, Ft. Tejon, California (John Xantus). PROGOMPHUS 5. tys. Triangles with transverse veins; the superior side longer than the interior one ; the feet short. 1. P. obscurus! Diastatomma obscurum Ramb.! Neuropt. 170, 5.—Progomphus obscurus Se- lys! Monog. Gomph. 201, 70. Selys! Synops. 53, 69. Fuscous, spotted with yellow; head yellow, fuscous above; dor- GOMPHOIDES. 111 sum of the thorax fusco-rufous, each side with a yellow stripe; sides fuscous, with three yellow stripes; feet fusco-rufous, femora luteous beneath, tibize within and the tarsi black; abdomen ? ; wings hyaline, with a fulvous, narrow, basal spot, ptero- stigma large, rufo-fuscous. (From the description of De Selys Longchamps. ) 15—16 antecubitals; 9—11 postcubitals; two discoidal areolets. Length 53? millim. Alar expanse 70 millim. Pterostigma 5 millim. Hab. North America (Vienna Museum; collection of De Selys Longchamps). 2. P. zonatus! Progomphus zonatus Hag.! Monog. Gomph. 203, 71; pl. xi, fig. 3. Selys! Synops. 53, 70. Black, spotted with yellow; head yellow in front, above black ; thorax black, dorsum each side with two stripes, and sides with three broader stripes, yellow; feet black; abdomen long, cylindri- cal, the base subinflated, black, the dorsum with a basal yellow,. line, the base of segment 7 yellow; appendages yellow ; vulvar lamina very short, emarginated ; wings fumose, pterostigma large, black. Female. 17—18 antecubitals ; 9—11 postcubitals; two discoidal areolets. Length 52 millim. Alar expanse 70 millim. Pterostigma 5 millim. Hab, Mexico (collection of Dr. Hagen). GOMPHOIDES SEtys. Triangles with transverse veins; the superior side shorter than the others; feet short. 1. G. stigmata! schna stigmata? Say, Journ. Acad. Philad. VIII, 17, 10.—Progomphus stigmatus Selys! Monog. Gomph. 205, 72. Selys, Synops. 53, 71.— Gomphoides stigmata Hag.! Monog. Gomph. 423, 72; pl. xxi, fig. 5. Yellow, marked with black; head yellow, above fuscous, the vertex yellow; thorax yellow, dorsum with a stripe in the middle, two each side, and sides with two oblique stripes, black; feet black, femora yellow, bilineated with black at the apex ; abdomen slender, inflated at the base, the apex dilated, yellow, segments 2 to 7 each 112 NEUROPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA. side with a black apical fascia, which meet at the tip; segments 8 and 9 fuscous in the middle; appendages yellow, superior ones cylindrical, incurved at the apex, and with an ante-apical tooth above; the inferior appendage short, orbicular, bifid; vulvar la- mina short, excised; wings hyaline, pterostigma large, black ; 17—19 antecubitals ; 10—12 postcubitals; two discoidal areolets. Length 65 millim. Alar expanse 84 millim. Pterostigma 5 millim. Hab, Pecos River, Western Texas (Capt. Pope). 2. G. suasa. Gomphoides suasa Selys, Addit. Synops. 19, 72 bis. Fusco-olivaceous ; thorax fusco-olivaceous, a dorsal stripe each side, another humeral, and the sides with three bands, yellowish ; feet grayish-fuscous, femora paler; abdomen fusco-olivaceous, an interrupted dorsal line, spots at the sides (those of the seventh segment larger) yellow; the eighth and ninth segments not dilated ; appendages pale; wings hyaline, pterostigma fuscous. 2. (From *the description of De Selys Longchamps. ) antecubitals ; postcubitals ; -discoidal areolets. Length 58 millim. Alar expanse 86 millim. Pterostigma 5 millim. Hab. Vera Cruz, Mexico (Sallé). 3. G. perfida! Gomphoides perfida Hagen. Black, spotted with luteous; head luteo-fuscous; thorax luteous, dorsum with a middle fascia, and each side a lateral one, broad, black, divided with luteous; sides black, with three oblique, luteous stripes; feet black, base of the femora luteo-fuscous; abdomen slender, the base broader (the apex destroyed); black, the dorsum of the first and second segments, and sides, obsoletely luteous ; wings fumose, pterostigma large, black. (Male.) 23—24 antecubitals; fifteen postcubitals ; two discoidal areolets. Length 60? millim. Alar expanse 82 millim. Pterostigma 5 millim. Hab. Tampico, Mexico (Saussure). GOMPHOIDES. ! 113 4. G. elongata. Cyclophylla elongata Selys! Monog. Gomph. 224, 84; pl. xii, fig. 5. Selys! Addit. Synops. 20, 79 ter. Black, spotted with olive; head olivaceous in front, labrum mar- gined with black, and with a black fascia upon the middle; thorax black, dorsum each side with two narrow stripes, and each side with three stripes, olivaceous; feet black, anterior femora pale be- neath; abdomen long, slender, black, the base and apex inflated, segments 3—T with a basal, hastiform, yellow spot; appendages brownish-black, subcylindrical, forcipated, the apex subexcised, the inferior appendage scarcely apparent ; wings hyaline, ptero- stigma large, rufo-fuscous. ¢. Sixteen antecubitals; ten postcu- bitals; two discoidal areolets. (From the description of De Selys Longchamps. ) Length 62 millim. Alar expanse 72 millim. Pterostigma 5 millim. Hab, Mexico (Paris Museum). 5. G. protracta! Cyclophylla protracta Hagen! Selys, Addit. Synops. 20, 79 ter. Blackish-fuscous, spotted with yellow; head luteous; thorax blackish-fuscous, dorsum with two stripes, and the sides with three oblique ones, yellow; feet brownish-black, femora luteous; abdo- men long, slender, inflated at base, fuscous or luteous, membranously dilated at the apex, dorsum with an interrupted, yellow line, the sides luteous ; appendages fuscous, subcylindrical, forcipated, sub- excised at the apex, the inferior appendage absent; vulvar lamina very short, excised; wings hyaline, pterostigma large, yellow. Twenty-one antecubitals; ten postcubitals; two discoidal areolets. Length 62 millim. Alar expanse 79 millim. Pterostigma 5 millim. Hab. Matamoras, Mexico. 6. G. producta! Aphylla producta Selys! Monog. Gomph. 230, 83; pl. xii, fig. 6. Selys! Synops. 60, $1. Aphylla caraiba Selys! Poey, Ins. Cuba, 456. Brownish-black, spotted with yellow; head yellow, banded trans- versely with fuscous; thorax brownish-black, dorsum each side with 8 114 NEUROPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA. two stripes, conjoined at the wings, the external one narrower, and the sides with three oblique ones, the middle one incomplete, yel- low or green; feet black, femora rufous, obscurer at the apex; abdomen long, slender, the base inflated, the apex somewhat broader, brownish-black, the base with a yellow, dorsal line; appendages black, subeylindrical, forcipated, obtuse at the apex, the inferior one almost absent; ventral lamina narrow, bifid; wings hyaline, the pterostigma large, yellow. 19—23 antecubitals; 11 —15 posteubitals ; 2 discoidal areolets. Length 59—65 millim. Alar expanse 76—84 millim. Ptero- stigma 5 millim. Hab. Cuba (Poey); British Guiana (Schomburgk); Bahia, Brazil. 7. G. tenuis! Aphylla tenuis Hagen! Selys, Addit. Synops. 21, 80 bis. Luteous; head luteo-fuscous; dorsum of the thorax fuscous, sides luteous; feet black, femora luteous; abdomen long, slender, equal, subinflated at base, luteo-fuscous, the segments obscurer at their apex; appendages fuscous, subcylindrical, forcipated, the apex acuter; the inferior appendage absent ; wings hyaline, ptero- stigma large, luteous. Male. 19—22 antecubitals; 12—13 post- cubitals ; 2 discoidal areolets. Length 50 millim. Alar expanse 67 millim. Pterostigma 4 millim. Hab. Choco, New Grenada (Schott). The specimen is teneral, the colors hardly perfected, preserved in spirits. HAGENIUS Setys. Triangles with transverse veins; the superior side longer than the interior ; feet very long. 1. H. brevistylus! Hagenius brevistylus Selys! Monog. Gomph. 241, 86; pl. xiii, fig. 2. Selys! Synops. 63, 84. Black, spotted with yellow; head yellow in front, a black fascia before the eyes, above black; thorax black, dorsum each side with CORDULEGASTER. 115 a stripe and line, and the sides with two broad oblique stripes, a line between them, yellow; feet very long, black; abdomen long, cylindrical, the dorsum black, with a stripe upon the middle, and each side a ventral one, yellow; appendages short, yellow, the superior ones stout, incurved at apex, bidentated beneath, the inferior appendage quadrangular, broad, incurved at the apex; wings subfumose, pterostigma long, brownish-black. 16—19 ante- cubitals ; 13—14 postcubitals ; 2 discoidal areolets. Length 73—78 millim. Alar expanse 104—114 millim, Ptero- stigma 6 millim. Hab. New York (Dr. Asa Fitch); Wisconsin (Kennicott) ; Columbia. Division If. Labium bifid. CORDULEGASTER Leacu. Byes subcontiguous, 1. C. sayi. Cordulegaster sayi Selys ! Monog. Gomph. 331,109. Selys! Synops. 85, 106. Black, spotted with yellow; head yellow, rhinarium black ; tho- rax black, dorsum with two stripes, sides each with two stripes and an intermediate line, yellow; feet black; abdomen long, black, annulated with yellow; appendages of the male black, superior ones trigonal, divaricated, with a basal tooth beneath, the inferior appendage quadrangular; appendages of the female yellow; vulvar lamina elongated, bifid; wings hyaline, pterostigma long, yellow; membranule whitish. 18 antecubitals; 11 postcubitals; 2 disc- oidal areolets. . Length 60 millim. Alar expanse 84 millim. Pterostigma 41 millim. Hab. Georgia (British Museum). It is similar to C. annulatus Charp., of Europe. 2. C. maculatus! Cordulegaster maculatus Selys! Monog. Gomph. 337,111. Selys! Synops. 86, 108. Aeschna obliqua Say, var. A? Jour. Acad. Philad. VIII. 16, 8. Brownish-black, hairy, spotted with yellow; head yellow, with 116 NEUROPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA. a fuscous band in front; thorax brownish-black, dorsum each side with a cuneiform stripe, sides with two oblique stripes, yellow; feet black, femora fuscous, the apex black; abdomen long, brownish- black, segments 2—6 with a dorsal, yellow spot each side; vulvar lamina long, bifid, yellow, fuscous at the apex; wings hyaline, pterostigma yellow, membranule white. Female. 21 antecubitals; 15 posteubitals ; 2 discoidal areolets. Length 75 millim. Alar expanse 93 millim. Pterostigma 4 millim. Hab. Georgia; Maryland (Uhler); Connecticut (Norton). 3. C. dorsalis! Cordulegaster dorsalis Hagen! Monog. Gomph. 347,115. Selys! Addit. Synops. 28, 113 bis. Fuscous, spotted with yellow; head yellow, with a fuscous band in front ; thorax fuscous, dorsum each side with a stripe, sides with two oblique ones, yellow; feet blackish-fuscous, femora luteous; abdomen long, fuscous, segments 2—9 with a dorsal, bifid, yellow spot; vulvar lamina long, bifid, luteous; wings hyaline, the base subfulvous, pterostigma yellow, membranule white. Female. Highteen antecubitals; twelve postcubitals; two discoidal areo- lets. ; Length 80 millim. Alar expanse 100 millim. Pterostigma 4 millim. Hab. Sitka, Russian America. 4. C. obliquus! Eschna obliqua Say, Jour. Acad. Philad. VII, 15, 8.—Cordulegaster ob- liquus Selys! Monog. Gomph. 349, 116; pl. xviii, fig. 5. Selys! Synops. 89, 113.—Cordulegaster fasciatus Ramb.! Neuropt. 178, 1. " Black, spotted with greenish-yellow; head yellow, in front with two black bands, occiput tuberculoid; thorax black, with gray hairs, dorsum with a cuneiform stripe each side, and sides with two oblique stripes, yellow; feet black, base of the femora fuscous; abdomen long, equal, black, dorsum with a greenish-yellow line upon the middle, which is dilated in the middle upon segments 5—8; appendages black, superior ones short, trigonal, acute, with a basal tooth beneath; the inferior one quadrangular, the apex tuberculated each side; vulvar lamina short, bifid, yellow, black at the apex; wings hyaline, pterostigma long, fulvous, membranule PETALURA—ANAX. LAG whitish. Twenty-six antecubitals; 17—20 cae twq dis- coidal areolets. Length 883—88 millim. Alar expanse 112124 millim. Ptero- stigma 6 millim. Hab. Indiana (Say); Georgia (Abbot); Céurleaticnt (Norton). PETALURA LeAcu. Pterostigma extremely long. 1. P. thoreyi! Uropetala thoreyi Hagen! Monog. Gomph. 373, 122; pl. xix, fig. 3.— Tachopteryx obscura Uhler MSS.—Tachopteryx thoreyi Sely8! Addit. Synops. 25, 116 bis. Olivaceous, spotted with black ; head pale in front, with a black band, and above black; thorax olivaceous, the sides with two ob- solete black stripes; feet black; abdomen long, equal, olivaceous, dorsum of the second segment with two spots, the following ones with a spot upon the basal middle, an apical ring, and the last seg- ments almost altogether black; appendages black, superior ones dolabriform, the inferior quadrangular, with a basal tooth above, and the apex each side unguiculated; wings hyaline, pterostigma narrow, very long, fulvous. Male. 18—20 antecubitals; 11—13 postcubitals; three discoidal areolets. Length 78 millim. Alar expanse 100 millim. Pterostigma 9 millim. Hab. New York; Maryland (Uhler); Fort Towson, Red River. Subfamily 1V. AESCHNINA. Eyes contiguous; head globose; wings unequal, the posterior ones broader; triangles long; genital organs of the female vagi- nated. ANAX LeEAcz. Anal angle of the posterior wings rounded in the male; second segment of the abdomen not auriculated; abdomen with a lateral, interrupted carina. 118 NEUROPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA. 1. 4. junius! Libellula junia Drury, Ins. I, 112; pl. xlvii. fig. 5.—Aeschna junia Burm. ! Handb. II, 841,18. Say, Jour. Acad. Philad. VIII, 10,2. Ramb. Neuropt. 196, 6.—Anax junius Selys! Revue Odonat. Europ. 328. Selys! Poey, Ins. Cuba, 458.—Anaz spiniferus Ramb.! Neuropt. 186, ‘4; pl. i. fig. 14. Green, spotted with blue and fuscous; head yellow, above with a black spot, and circular blue band; thorax green; feet black, femora partly rufous; abdomen long, subdepressed, equal, the base very much inflated, narrowed beyond, the first segment and base of the second green, the rest blue, with a dorsal, fuscous fascia, interrupted, and in part angulose; appendages fuscous, superior ones of the male long, straight, towards the apex somewhat broader, with an external spine at the apex, the inferior appendage very short, quadrangular, transverse; wings hyaline, flavescent upon the middle, pterostigma long, yellow, narrow; membranule large, brownish-black, with the base white; seventeen antecubitals; eight postcubitals. Length 68—74 millim. Alar expanse 104—110 millim. Ptero- stigma 7 millim. Hab. New York; Maryland; New Jersey; Kentucky ; Georgia; Florida; Louisiana; St. Louis; 8. Carolina; Pecos River, Texas; Matamoras, Mexico; San Francisco, California; Cuba; Oahu, Sandwich Islands; Kamtschatka; Petcheli Bay, China. A common and wide-spread species. Rambur erroneously gives Hurope as its habitat. 2. A. longipes! Anazx longipes Hagen! Green, spotted with blue and fuscous; head yellow, above im- maculate; thorax green; feet extremely long, black, femora rufous, with the apex black; abdomen long, subdepressed, equal, the base inflated, green; surface fuscous, each side of the segments having an apical, yellow spot, beneath yellowish, apex of the segments fuscous; appendages short, foliaceous, fuscous; wings hyaline, pterostigma yellow; membranule brownish black, white at the base; nineteen antecubitals ; nine postcubitals. Length 80 millim. Alar expanse 105 millim. Pterostigma 53 millim. fab. Georgia (Abbot, Zurich Museum). AESCHNA, 119 3. A. amazili. Aeschna amazili Burm.! Handb. II, 841, 19, Anax maculatus Ramb. Neuropt. 188, 7. Green, spotted with black; head in front greenish-yellow, the labrum margined with black ; front above, with a triangular, black spot, bounded by yellow, each side a triangular blue spot ; thorax bright green; feet black, anterior femora luteous beneath; abdo- men long, stout, equal, the base inflated, blue? (¢) or green (9), segments 3 to 10 with a broad, black, dorsal fascia, narrower upon the middle of the segments; segments 3—7, with two blue or green spots each side, the last segments almost entirely black ; ap- pendages black, superior ones of the male long, carinate, villose within, the base narrow, the internal margin dilated, before the apex excised, the apex exteriorly recurved, obliquely truncated, acute; the inferior appendage very short, transverse, quadrangu- lar ; appendages of the female shorter, foliaceous; wings hyaline, pterostigma short, blackish-fuscous ; membranule brownish-black, the base white. 16—18 antecubitals ; 6—8 postcubitals. Length 70—74 millim. Alar expanse 105 millim. Ptero- stigma 5 millim. Hab. Guatemala (Collection of Hagen); Venezuela (Appun) ; Pernambuco, Brazil (Veilenmann). AESCHNA Fas. * Anal angle of the posterior wings of the male acute; second segment of the abdomen auriculated. 1. 4. sitchensis! Aeschna sitchensis Hagen ! -Blackish-fuscous, spotted with blue; head ?; thorax fuscous, sides with two oblique, obsolete, yellowish stripes; feet black, tibize exteriorly rufous; abdomen long, slender, equal, very much arcuated behind the inflated base; black, spotted with blue; seg- ments 3—10 with two large, apical blue spots, 3 to 7, with two basal blue spots, the second segment with two blue lines each side ; appendages black, moderate, a little incurved, foliaceous, the base narrow, within carinated, before the apex inflated, the apex short, acute, incurved; the inferior appendage one-half shorter, 120 NEUROPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA. elongately-triangular, obtuse; wings hyaline, pterostigma short, black; membranule black. Male. Fifteen antecubitals; nine post- cubitals. : . Length 58 millim. Alar expanse 78 millim. Pterostigma 4 millim. Hab. Russian America, Sitka (Collection of Hagen). It is very much like Aeschna borealis Zetterstedt, found in Northern Europe and Siberia. 2. Gi. septentrionalis! Aeschna septentrionalis Burm ! Handb. II, 839, 11.—Aeschna minor Ramb ? Neuropt. 207, 20. Blackish-brown, spotted with’blue ; head yellow in front; front anteriorly with a narrow, transverse line, a spot, large anteriorly, in the shape of a T, superiorly, and the rhinarium, black; labrum margined with black; thorax fuscous, dorsum each side with a point, sides with two, narrow, maculose stripes, yellow ; feet black, above rufous; abdomen long, stoutish, narrowed behind the in- flated base, black, spotted with blue; sides of the segments, two medial and two apical spots, blue; last segment of the male black, each side blue, an elevated tooth above; appendages brownish- black, moderate, a little incurved, foliaceous, the base narrow, a basal obtuse tubercle beneath ; carinated inwards, before the apex inflated, the apex obtuse; the inferior appendage one-half shorter, elongately-triangular, obtuse ; appendages of the female moderate, foliaceous, obtuse; wings hyaline, pterostigma fuscous, somewhat broad; membranule gray. 14—16 antecubitals; 11—12 postcu- bitals. Length 54—55 millim. Alar expanse 74 millim. Pterostigma 4 millim. Hab. Labrador; Nova Scotia. Does Aeschna minor Rambur differ from it? the wings with a rufous spot at base. It is very much like Aeschna sitchensis, Hagen. 3. ZB. juncea! Aeschna juncea Linne! Selys, Revue Odonat. Europ. 116, 3.—(With the synonyms.) Fuscous, spotted with blue and yellow; head yellow, a narrow, transverse line in front, a T spot above, broader anteriorly, and the AESCHNA. 121 rhinarium, black ; thorax fuscous, dorsum each side with a ngrrow, short stripe, sometimes almost wanting and the sides with two oblique, broad stripes, yellow; feet black ; abdomen long, slender, equal, very much narrowed behind the inflated base; brownish- black, with blue and yellow spots, segments 83—10 with two apical blue spots, 3—8 with two triangular spots upon the middle, yellow, apex of the second segment blue; last segment with the males, having an elevated, obtuse tooth above; appendages brownish- black, superior ones of the male, long, subrect, foliaceous, the base narrower, a carina inwardly, the base narrower, before the apex acuter, subincurved, inflated; the inferior appendage. almost one- half shorter, elongately-triangular, obtuse; appendages of the female longer, foliaceous; wings hyaline, pterostigma narrow, fus- cous; membranule brownish-cinereous, the base paler. 16 ante- cubitals ; 7T—9 postcubitals. Length 66—75 millim. Alar expanse 92—100 millim. Ptero- stigma 4—5 millim. Hab. Russian America; Kenai Island, Norton Sound.—Europe; Asia; Siberia; Kamtschatka; Ural. 4. 2. multicolor! Aeschna multicolor Hagen! Fascous, spotted with blue; head blue (f) or luteous (9), front with a T spot, each side terminated with yellow, and a band before the eyes, black; thorax fuscous, dorsum each side with a stripe, (interrupted or absent in the female), sides, each side with two oblique ones blue (¢) or yellow (9); feet black, femora rufous above, the apex black, anterior femora beneath, luteous; abdomen moderate, slender, cylindrical, narrow behind the inflated base; fuscous, spotted with blue (¥¢') or yellow (9), segments 3—10 with two large, apical spots, segments 8—8 with two triangular spots upon the middle, and a basal, divided spot each side, seg- ment 2 with a medial, interrupted fascia, and a broad apical one, blue or yellow; superior appendages of the male black, long, folia- ceous, narrow, the base narrower, inwardly carinated, straight, curved inwardly before the apex, an elevated, triangular lamina above, and a longer tooth placed more inferiorly, the apical tip acute, curved downwards; the inferior appendage, pale fuscous, one half shorter, elongately triangular; appendages of the female moderate, fuscous, foliaceous, broader; wings hyaline, those of the 122 NEUROPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA. female, towards the apex, subflavescent, pterostigma short, fuscous, or luteous (9); membranule fuscous, the base white. 16—17 ante- cubitals; 8—9 postcubitals. Length 65—67 millim. Alar expanse 90—100 millim. Pte-_ rostigma 83—34 millim. Hab. Pecos River, Western Texas (Capt. Pope); Upper Mis- souri; Mexico; Cordova (Saussure). 5. 28. clepsydra! Aeschna clepsydra Say. Journ. Acad. Philad. VII, 12, 4. Fuscous, spotted with blue; head luteous, an incurved, trans- verse line in front, a broad T spot above, terminated with blue and yellow, black; thorax fuscous, dorsum each side with a cuneiform, green stripe; each side with two broad, maculose and lacerated stripes, and an intermediate, abbreviated one, bluish-green; feet brownish-black, femora, tibize and the outside of the tarsi rufous; abdomen long, slender, equal, very much attenuated behind the in- flated base; segments 3—10 with two larger, apical spots, 3—8 with two triangular, medial ones and each side a basal, divided one, segment 2 with a transverse, medial, interrupted fascia, and the apex, blue; the last segment with a small, basal tooth above, black, and blue spots confluent at the apex; appendages fuscous, margined with black, the superior ones long, narrow, straight, narrower at base, interiorly with a carina and clothed with hairs, the apex obtusely truncated, a small, acute, incurved tooth at the apex; before the apex are three teeth, superiorly at the internal margin; the inferior appendage one-third shorter, elongately tri- angular, acute; wings hyaline, pterostigma moderate, fuscous ; membranule fuscous. Male. 16 antecubitals; 11 posteubitals. Length 68 millim. Alar expanse 94 millim. Pterostigma 4 millim. Hab, Massachusetts (Say); Boston (Scudder); Baltimore (Uh- ler). 6." Zi. verticalis ! Aeschna verticalis Hagen ! Fuscous, spotted with green and blue; head green, with a T spot above, and a band before the eyes, black; thorax fuscous, dorsum each side, with a cuneiform, green stripe; each side with AESCHNA. 123 three oblique, yellowish-green stripes; feet black, femora and tibiz above, rufous; abdomen long, slender, equal, very much narrowed behind the inflated base, fuscous, spotted with blue; spots like those of . clepsydra, but not confluent on the last segment, with a small, basal tooth upon that segment; appendages similar to those of 4. clepsydra, the tip of the apex acute, hardly incurved, above, before the apex, with an elevated line, no teeth; inferior appendage one half shorter, elongated, triangular, acuter; wings hyaline, pterostigma small, blackish-brown; membranule brownish- cinereous. Male. 17—20 antecubitals; 11—12 postcubitals. Length 67 millim. Alar expanse 95 millim. Pterostigma 3 millim. Hab, Washington (Osten Sacken); New York (Calverly). 7. 4. hudsonica! Aeschna hudsonica Selys’ Collection. Hab. Nova Scotia. Similar to 7. juncea, but only known to me by name. 8. 4. constricta! Aeschna constricta Say. Journ. Acad. Philad. VIII, 11, 3. Brownish-black, spotted with green and blue; labrum yellow, head yellowish-green in front, a black T spot above; thorax fus- cous, dorsum each side with a stripe, which is broader at the wings, the sides each with two oblique, green stripes; feet black, femora and tibiz above, rufous; abdomen long, equal, blackish-fuscous, very much narrowed behind the inflated base; segments 3—10 with two, dorsal, apical, quadrangular, blue spots, 3—8 with two, medial, triangular, yellow spots, each side with a basal, divided, blue spot; second segment with a basal, dorsal, line, and each side with a transverse line upon the middle, yellow; the last segment flat above; appendages fuscous, superior ones long, subarcuated, the apex dilated, within carinated, before the apex tuberculous and inwards an acute, recurved tooth, extreme apex with a longer spine, which is acute and placed inferiorly; the inferior appendage one-half shorter, elongately triangular, obtuse; wings hyaline, pterostigma small, fuscous; membranule fuscous, the base white. Male. 17—21 antecubitals; 11—15 postcubitals. 124 NEUROPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA. Length 70 millim. Alar expanse 96—100 millim. Pterostigma 3 millim. Hab. Indiana (Say); Maryland (Uhler); Wisconsin (Kenni- cott); St. Louis; Pennsylvania; Connecticut (Norton). 9. 2. armata! Aischna armata Hagen ! Brownish-black, spotted with blue; head in front obtuse, lurid, above with a T spot and band before the eyes, black; thorax fus- cous, dorsum each side, anteriorly, with a yellowish-green spot; sides each with two oblique, yellowish stripes, of which the supe- rior one is arcuated; femora above, in the middle, rufous; abdomen long, equal, narrowed behind the inflated base, black; segments 38—6 with two, blue, apical spots, and two larger, triangular, yel- low ones, upon the middle, sides blue ? second segment each side, with a line and a narrow, basal triangle, yellow, the last segments almost immaculate, the tenth segment, in the middle, above, with a long, compressed spine, bent backwards; appendages black, the superior ones long, foliaceous, straight, the base inwards nar- rowed, above carinated, the apex exteriorly obtuse, interiorly acute; before the apex superiorly, with an elevated, oval, dentate lamina; the inferior appendage one-half shorter, triangular, nar- row, acute; wings subfumose, posterior ones of the female sub- flavescent at base, pterostigma very small, black; membranule fusco-cinereous, the base whitish. Twenty antecubitals; twelve postcubitals. Length 68 millim. Alar expanse 92 millim. Pterostigma 2 millim. Hab. Trogés del Oro, Mexico (Saussure, Deppe). I have examined a mutilated male specimen. 10. 4. mutata ! ischna mutata Hagen ! Fuscous, spotted with yellowish-green; labrum luteous, black anteriorly ; front green, above blue, with a T spot, terminated each side with yellow, and a band before the eyes, black; thorax fus- - cous, the sides each with two yellowish stripes; feet black, base of the femora rufous; abdomen long, equal, the base inflated, rufous, segments 3—9 with two apical, green ? spots, which are margined within with black; segments 8—7 with two triangular, yellow, AESCHNA. 125 medial spots; base and sides rufous, paler; appendages fuscous, foliaceous; wings hyaline, the base, anterior margin and middle flavescent; pterostigma longer, narrow, bright orange; membra- nule black, the base white. Female. Nineteen antecubitals; nine posteubitals. Length 70 millim. Alar expanse 98 millim. Pterostigma 4 millim. Hab. North America (Vienna Museum). ll. 2B. janata. ischna janata Say, Jour. Acad. Philad. VIII, 13, 6. Fuscous, spotted with blue and yellow; front yellow, with a black T spot above; thorax fuscous, each side of dorsum with a blue stripe, sides each with two oblique, yellow stripes, which are mar- gined with black; feet yellowish, beneath black; abdomen long, contracted behind the inflated base, fuscous, segments with a yel- lowish band at base, an interrupted apical one, and a spot in the middle, the last segment but little shorter than the preceding one, carinated at base; appendages subarcuated, near the base some- what dilated, the apex broader, pediform, obtuse; inferior ap- pendage hardly half as long as the superior ones; wings hyaline, extreme base fuscous, pterostigma fulvous; membranule white. Male. (From the description of Say.) Length 60? millim. Hab. Massachusetts. Similar to . constricta, but the last abdominal segment is longer, the apex of the appendages are mutic. It is entirely un- known to me. 12. Ai. florida! Aischna florida Hagen ! Fuscous, spotted with green; front luteous, above green, imma- culate, thorax fuscous, dorsum each side, with a very broad, green stripe; sides green, with an oblique, narrow, fuscous stripe; feet black, base of the femora rufous; abdomen longer than the wings, equal, the base inflated, the last segment shortest, fuscous, with a green? dorsal, interrupted stripe, which is triangularly dilated at the apex of the segments, a lateral green? stripe, and the ninth segment obsoletely bimaculated ; appendages shorter than the last 126 NEUROPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA, segment, very small, black, flat, obtuse; wings subfumose, flaves- cent anteriorly, pterostigma narrow, fulvous; membranule fusco- cinereons. Female. Twenty antecubitals; twelve postcubitals. Length 78 millim. Alar expanse 102 millim. Pterostigma 4 millim. Hab. Mexico (Deppe). It is most like 4. lutecpennis Burm., but distinct by the front, immaculate above, the stripes of the thorax being broader, not well terminated. 13. 24. dominicana. ischna dominicana Selys’ Collection. Hab. St. Domingo. Unknown to me; similar to Z. juncea. 14. 4. contorta. schna contorta Selys’ Collection. Hab. Nova Scotia. Unknown to me; similar to 4 cyanea. 15. 24. cyanifrons. Aischna cyanifrons Selys’ Collection. Hab. Jamaica. Unknown to me; similar to . confusa. 16, 2. grandis! “Eschna grandis Linné. Selys, Revue Odonat. Eur. 131,10 (with the synonymy). Fuscous ; head luteous, front with a spot above, anteriorly, fus- cous; thorax fulvous, the sides each, with two oblique, yellow stripes, which are bounded with fuscous; feet fulvous; abdomen long, equal, behind the base inflated, then slightly narrowed, rufo- fuscous, with lateral, divided, blue spots; appendages fuscous, superior ones straight, foliaceous, carinated within, narrow at the base, at the apex obtuse; the inferior one-half shorter, triangular, obtuse; wings flavescent, pterostigma small, fulvous; membranule cinereous. 20—22 antecubitals; 12 postcubitals. Length 70 millim. Alar expanse 94 millim. Pterostigma 33 millim. Hab. Bergen Hill, New Jersey (Guex); I saw a single male. It is also common in Europe and Asia. AESCHNA. 127 17. 2. adnexa! “schna adnexa Hagen! Fuscous, spotted with green; labrum pale, fuscous anteriorly ; front anteriorly blue, above yellowish-green, with a broader T spot, and an ante-ocular band, black; thorax bright green, dorsum with a divided, middle fascia, and a lateral spot, the sides with two ob- lique streaks, all badly terminated, fuscous; feet black; abdomen a little narrowed at base, fuscous, the second segment with a medial and apical fascia, the third segment with a dorsal line, which is triangularly dilated upon the middle and apex, and the sides green? (the other segments are destroyed); wings hyaline, pterostigma moderate; brownish-black, membranule black. Male. 19 ante- cubitals; 10 posteubitals. ‘ Length 60? millim. Alar expanse 87 millim. Pterostigma 4 millim. Hab, Cuba (Poey). Is it &. cyanifrons Selys? I have only examined a single mutilated specimen. 18. 2. virens! Aeschna virens Ramb. Neuropt. 193, 3. Green, spotted with fuscous; labram black anteriorly ; head green, above with a T spot, and a narrow band before the eyes black ; thorax bright green, sutures fuscous; feet black, anterior femora beneath yellowish ; abdomen long, equal, a little narrowed behind the somewhat inflated base, green, spotted with fuscous, ~ first segment green posteriorly, segments 2 to 8 green, with four fuscous, quadrangular spots, upon segments 2 to 4 they are smaller; segment 3 has the spots linear, basal; apical segments fuscous ; appendages black, superior ones straight, foliaceous, obtuse; the inferior appendage one-half shorter, triangular, acute (of the female destroyed), wings hyaline, of the female, subflavescent posteriorly, pterostigma elongated, brownish-black; membranule brownish- gray. 20—24 antecubitals; 12—13 postcubitals. Length 84 millim. Alar expanse 118 millim. Pterostigma 5—6 millim. Hab. Cuba (Poey) ; St. Cruz de Bolivia (Rambur) ; Venezuela. I have examined one female from the Island of Cuba; nor am I altogether certain, whether the male described from Venezuela 128 NEUROPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA. belongs here; it is extremely like it, by its few antecubitals, its long pterostigma, its obscure membranule, and its hyaline wings. I. possess two females from Cuba (Poey), which are a little smaller; the bases of all the wings are flavescent; in all the rest they agree entirely with the description of 4. virens Rambur. 19. 2. ingens! Aeschna ingens Ramb. Neuropt. 192, 1. Green, spotted with fuscous; labrum black anteriorly ; head green, above with a T spot, and fascia before the eyes, black ; dorsum of the thorax fuscous, with a green stripe each side; sides green, with an oblique, narrow, fuscous stripe ; feet black, anterior femora pale beneath; abdomen long, gradually narrowing poste- riorly, that of ¢ hardly narrowed behind the base, fuscous, marked with green, the first segment green posteriorly, the second green, with a transverse, fuscous fascia at the apex, the following ones fuscous, with a dorsal, interrupted line, a middle fascia, trian- gularly dilated, an apical fascia, and the sides with a broader, interrupted fascia, green; the last segment fuscous, with two green spots; appendages fuscous; superior ones of the male long, folia- ceous, straight, obtuse; the inferior one half as long, triangular, acute, those of the female extremely long, lanceolate, the base broader, before the apex slightly narrowed, subacute; wings hya- line, of the female flavescent at base, pterostigma long, fulvous ; membranule gray. 20 antecubitals; 12 postcubitals. Length 100 millim. Alar expanse 110—120 millim. Ptero- stigma 5 millim. Hab. St. John’s River, near Lake Harney, Florida (Osten Sacken; Norton); Cuba; United States (Selys). 20. 23. heros! Aeschna heros Fab. Entom. Syst. Suppl. 285.—Ramb.! Neuropt. 194, 4.— Aeschna multicincta Say, Journ. Acad. Philad. VIII, 9, 1. Fuscous, marked with yellowish-green; front obscure luteous, above fuscous, each side’ with a yellowish-green spot; occiput of the female bifid; thorax fuscous, dorsum each side with a stripe, which is angulated at the wings, and the sides with two oblique stripes, green; feet black, base of the femora subrufous ; abdomen long, stout, hardly broader at base, fuscous, the base, middle and AESCHNA. 129 apex, of the segments, with a subinterrupted, narrow, green fascia; appendages black, subarcuated, the base narrower, a tubercle be- neath, the apex carinated, truncated, inner edge villose; inferior appendage one-half the length of the superior, narrow, almost equal, the apex obtusely truncated, sometimes almost bifid; ap- pendages of the female broad, ovate, foliaceous; wings hyaline, subflavescent in the middle, the apex sometimes infuscated, ptero- stigma long,‘narrow, fulvous; membranule white; twenty-five an- tecubitals; sixteen postcubitals. Length 85—96 millim. Alar expanse 108—120 millim. Ptero- stigma 5—6 millim. Hab. Indiana (Say); Massachusetts (Harris); New York (Calverly); N. Jersey (Guex); Maryland (Uhler); Tennessee (Saussure); Waterville; Mobile; Florida, Lake Harney (Osten Sacken) ; Louisiana (Schaum); Mexico (Rambur). 21. 2. brevifrons! ischna brevifrons Hagen. Fuscous, varied with blue; head luteous in front, varied, with fuscous; front short, broad, above with a T spot in the middle, the root of which is triangularly dilated, black, surrounded with a yel- low margin; thorax with the dorsum luteous, a short, fuscous streak each side; the sides blue, obscurely varied with white and black; feet yellow, beneath, knees, and the tarsi, black; abdomen inflated at base, nigro-fuscous, the segments with middle triangular spots and oval apical ones, blue; segment 2 has a transverse, me- dial, blue line, each side, bounded by black; segment 10 (¢) has the apex rounded, blue, a small, elevated tooth at base, and a black spot each side; superior appendages foliaceous, fuscous, narrower at base; the inferior one luteous, broad, triangular, a little shorter than the superiors; appendages of the female short, foliaceous, fuscous; wings hyaline, pterostigma short, fuscous ; twelve antecubitals; ten postcubitals. Length 67 millim. Alar expanse 91 millim. Pterostigma 24 millim. Hab. Acapulco, Mexico; Valparaiso. 22. 4. pentacantha! ischnaspentacantha Ramb.! Neuropt. 208, 22. Varied rufous and green; front produced; face yellow, subex- 9 130 NEUROPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA. cavated, the superior margin bounded by rufous; the front blue above, margined with yellow, the base rufo-fuscous; thorax villose, rufo-fuscous, dorsum each side with an arcuated stripe, sides each with two, green ones; feet black, femora partly rufous; abdomen long, sensibly narrowing posteriorly, rufo-fuscous, spotted with green (the markings obsolete); appendages black, superior ones short, narrow, before the apex dilated beneath, obliquely trunca- ted; the inferior one a little shorter, narrow, triangular, obtuse ; those of the female very small; wings hyaline, the apex subfumose, pterostigma narrow, yellow; membranule whitish; nineteen ante- cubitals ; nineteen postcubitals. Length 73 millim. Alar expanse 102 millim. Pterostigma 34 millim. Hab. New Orleans (Schaum). 23. 28. basalis. Aischna basalis Selys’ Collection. Hab. Canada. Unknown to me. 24, Ai. quadriguttata ! ischna quadriguttata Burm.! Handb. II, 837, 22.—Selys, Revue Odonat. Eur. 398. -dschna vinosa Say, Jour. Acad. Philad. VIII, 13, 5. Fulvous; head fulvous, above with a fuscous stripe; thorax ful- vous, the sides, each with two bright yellow spots, which are en- circled with fuscous ; feet luteous; abdomen long, equal, much nar- rowed behind the inflated base, fulvous, spotted with yellow (markings obsolete), segments with a yellow medial fascia, which is triangularly dilated; the apex yellow, with a trifid fuscous spot; appendages fulvous, the superior ones long, foliaceous, obtuse, the base narrower, and beneath with a small tooth; the inferior ap- pendage very short, triangular, broader, obtuse; wings hyaline, with fulvous veins and a basal fulvous spot, the basal space reticu- lated, pterostigma small, yellow; membranule small, white; 19—20 antecubitals ; nineteen postcubitals. Length 60—65 millim. Alar expanse 85 millim. Pterostigma 34 millim. Hab. Pennsylvania; Carolina; Massachusetts; Washington (Osten Sacken); Maryland (Uhler). GYNACANTHA. Heeselt 25. 2a. furcillata. Aischna furcillata Say, Jour. Acad. Philad. VIII, 15, 7.—Gynacantha quadrifida Ramb.! Neuropt. 209, 1. Varied green and fuscous; face yellowish, beneath obsoletely spotted, above with a somewhat T-shaped mark, which is dilated at base, black; thorax pubescent, green, dorsum rufo-fuscous, with two green stripes each side, the superior ones being transverse, and short; the sides with a fascia composed of three spots, black ; ab- domen long, cylindrical, inflated at the base, and then narrowed ; varied with black and green, the basal spots larger; superior ap- pendages long, foliaceous, subincurved, with a basal and medial tubercle beneath; the inferior appendage short, bifurcated, the branches diverging ; wings hyaline, pterostigma short, broad, quad- rangular; membranule sub-obscure. (¢. From the descriptions of Rambur and Say.) Size of Libellula ferruginea Ramb.; but longer. Length 55? millim. | Hab, North America (collection of de Selys Longchamps) ; Mas- sachusetts (Say). GYNACANTHA Rams. Wings, with the anal angle of the posteriors, in the males, acute ; second segment of the abdomen auriculated; last segment of the female spinous beneath. 1. Gyn. trifida! Gynacantha trifida Ramb. Neuropt. 210, 3.—Selys, Poey Ins. Cuba, 459. Fuscous, spotted with green; head obsoletely green in front, above with a T spot, black ; thorax fuscous, dorsum each side with a cuneiform, green stripe; sides green, with two oblique, fuscous lines; feet rufo-fuscous, tarsi black ; abdomen long, slender at the base, inflated, then narrowed fuscous, nearly all the segments with spots upon the middle, and two at apex, green; appendages fus- cous, superior ones of the male, slender, the base narrow, cultriform, the apex acute, subaduncate, interiorly ciliated; the inferior one very short, triangular, obtuse ; those of the female very long, foli- aceous, towards the apex broader, obtuse; the last segment pro- duced beneath, with three spines; wings hyaline, the base, in the 132 NEUROPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA. males, subflavescent, pterostigma moderate, fuscous; nineteen an- tecubitals ; twelve postcubitals. Length 60—170 millim. Alar expanse 84—90 millim, Ptero- stigma 35 millim. Hab. Cuba (Poey); Jamaica; Brazil. This species migrates in flocks during the early part of spring. (Poey.) 2. Gyn. septima. Gynacantha septima Selys, Poey Ins. Cuba, 460. Similar to the preceding, brownish-olive, the extremity of the front with a transverse, obsolete, fuscous spot; feet pale ferrugi- nous; wings hyaline, or a little infuscated (adult); pterostigma rather short, fuscous; the male with a small, 4-toothed auricle (3-toothed in Gyn. trifida); appendages, superior ones long, slen- der, acute; the inferior one very short. (Male; from the descrip- tion of De Selys Longchamps.) Of a little smaller size than Gyn. trifida. Hab. Jamaica; Brazil. Not sufficiently known to me. Tribe II. LEIBELLULINA. Wings unequal; triangle of the anterior wings dissimilar; ante- rior genital hamule of the male free; penis and vesicle conjoined; genital organs of the female uncovered. Sub-family V. CORDULINA. Eyes with a tubercle in the middle, posteriorly. MACROMIA Rampor. Legs very long; tarsal unguiculi bifid, the branches equal. 1. M. taeniolata! Macromia taeniolata Ramb. Neuropt. 139, 3.—Macromia vittigera Ramb. Neuropt. 140, 4.—Macromia cincta Ramb. Neuropt. 141, 5. Obseure brassy-green ; mouth luteous; front with a fascia ante- riorly yellow, above excavated, brassy-gueen; thorax brassy-green, MACROMIA. 133 dorsum each side, in front, with an abrupt yellow stripe, and the sides with an oblique, medial, yellow one; feet black; abdomen long, slender, brownish-black, segments 2—8 each side with a dorsal, yellow spot; appendages black, the superior ones cylindri- eal, with a small tooth outside; the apical half a little incurved, the apex acute; the inferior appendage equal, triangular, narrow; wings hyaline, pterostigma small, black; membranule cinereous. Male. The vulvar lamina is bilobed. (Female from the descrip- tion of Rambur.) Twenty antecubitals; nine postcubitals; one discoidal areolet. Length 85 millim. Alar expanse 110 millim. Pterostigma 4 millim. , Hab. Philadelphia; Maryland (Uhler). * 2. M. cingulata. Macromia cingulata Ramb. Neuropt. 137, 1. Varied with black and yellow; mouth yellow; labium in the middle, and margin of the labrum black; front excavated and black . superiorly; thorax violet-bluish, each side with three stripes, which are anteriorly abrupt, yellow; abdomen with yellow bands supe- riorly, which are narrowed; feet black; wings hyaline, a spot at base and the apex broadly flavescent; pterostigma small, rufo- fuscous. (Female from the description of Rambur.) ao ~~ SRE opt te _ eo H i bon. - H * RPE PN OHO. — mB PwNWoOhw. eRe. WR wWh. . oo bee — e Bmw ew. DWN Or Dee. boca Me. eH. fro ae mH e eo et. ate WNHENNWNHNATROWOH NN NATH OWUIN RN MOH Ee Row WH OW _ — om; — te SAE CON CS) at aero mre erage omens cies Roles . Rho. O. PRIN. . . . 2 . . . . . . fe ee apt . . ar ° 5 . De NRE NWONW PF. WW. BH OH ONHH OH. = 3! KRNRNO- bat . Coen » NOP WOH. Bh. - bo or ww Heb. us — a el ibette Rmombh- » NNR RhD.- HO Oe Ww. 678/228 201 1420! 140 7 1130 | g5 | 53 | 16 14 t Africa, Asia, Polynesia. ? Asia. 332 LIST OF NORTH AMERICAN NEUROPTERA. List of the Neuroptera of North America—Continued. : : ila o | g/2./2| oa] [82] €|e2 3282 | $/2d/2] 2s] 2/S8] 3 lo5(es loses] | GENERA. al eles a ieSs|/s2/c8| 4 |ea|ee lease | Sip ls8|S lessees lax] & leslseslssse g|o|28|a lefe|23|S3| 2 122/28 |22bs elalns|p looqiaoles]| & lacs Da naa 678/228/201 |420} 140 | 7 |130 | 85 } 53 | 16 14 104) Hydropsyche . 16| Sees) lie aS 1 oe 105| Philopotamus .| 2) . 2 1 1 a 106} Polycentropus .| 8) 4; 4] 5 3 107} Psychomia . .}| 2) I| 1 1 2 KOS) LIMOGES ete remit meat eel hla emicll hake 109| Rhyacophila .| 2) 1) 1 1 1 110| Beraea . . .{ 2) J} 1) 1 1 Eee 111; Chimarrha . .}| 4 3) 1} 2 21 i | ee a | Wotale je. Herat ae 443] 159 | 7 pee 87 | 53 | 16 | 14 The number of species entirely unknown to me is considerably less than what is mentioned in the column of ‘‘species not examined;’’ this includes many species at one time seen in the British Museum, but which I have not since been able to re-examine. FAMILIES. | Genera. Species. 1 Termitina 3 Ave 2 Embidina. 1 1 3 Psocina . : 3 : . 3 18 4 Perlina : ‘ Z 3 . 7 61 5 Ephemerina . 3 F : ; 6 45 6 Odonata . . . 3 c ‘ 43 273 7 Sialina F 7 ; 4 19 8 Hemerobina . f ’ ‘ . 14 111 9 Panorpina : ‘ : . ; 4 22 10 Phryganina . ¢ < . ; 26 150 111 716 DISTRIBUTION OF SPECIES. DISTRIBUTION OF SPECIES, (AS FAR AS AT PRESENT KNOWN.) Massachusetts . Vermont. New York Pennsylvania New Jersey . Delaware Maryland : Dist. of Columbia Virginia . Kentucky Greenland Arctic America Russian Colonies Canada Labrador Nova Scotia. Columbia, Vene-: zuela Species. 27 lt 104 65 25 1 42 78 24 9 30 Boel Ohio 21 || Alabama. Michigan 1 | Florida Indiana . 22 Louisiana Illinois 44 Texas.) fom Missouri . 16 California : Wisconsin . . 5 North America, N. W. Territory 9 United States Carolina. tos 29 without locality Tennessee 3 Arkansas Georgia . 104 Mississippi . | Mexico 112 Martinique . Central America 22 St. Thomas . Cuba . 61 || Guadaloupe . St. Domingo 15 Barbadoes Porto Rico 7 || St. Cruz Jamaica . 12 St. Vincent . Guiana, Suri- Brazil . nam, Cayenne 13 || Chili Peru 333 Species. it 35 33 43 32 35 2 2 = eee cobs 0 334 LIST OF SOUTH AMERICAN NEUROPTERA. - LIST OF THE NEUROPTERA ENUMERATED IN THE CATALOGUE OF SOUTH AMERICAN SPECIES. Z ga ea 2 ~~ ba . oO 3 |osles . eis 4a GENERA. é| &les|ecs| .|ss8/33 28 3 sadlsts| 8 | 388(88| o] 3 lees ® E os |/OoRqg S jeg Pe = A 5 =| oo e a | 4 |aSl(aed| ao |oSE |S] 2] 5 ase | 1 | Calotermes . Br am ti eee? Oia 2 1 ! 2 | Hodotermes. ie ate eke oe oe: ne At clietes 3 | Termes OW rete | eats 4 | 23 5 3 Sh, is 4 |Olyntha . Ol) amen stele 3 1 Set eee 5 | Thyrsophorus Aol come Diliarene 4 Sire aie “te 6 | Psocus Shlivmee alurene oe 8 oh oie 7 | Perla . Oh eas aS 2 | 10 7 Zia ee 8 |Capnia . 2h eee er. 2 oars eit ifiarst |e kaile 9 | Ephemera itt | ewes Nh ge wre Se 1 5 : 10 | Palingenia Shiy Ee) Ponte. 8 ie - 11 | Baétis. as 1 5 1 ees ; 12 | Cloé : 11s eevee eyo eer 1 fe ; 13 | Oligoneuria . 1S ee 7 1 Boho : 14 | Lais Gites oe 6 oo fleahion ie : 15 | Hetaerina FAY N63 3 14 6 Dil) aenee)t ae : 16 | Heliocharis . DUN jens oa Daan: oe eae ; 17 | Dicterias . Zh) te Sn PAT: 6 > o | ete - 18 | Amphipteryx 1 Gc ue eae ae Ne - 19 | Calopteryx . Lae ¢ Me Peta reas : 20 | Thore. (WES oe 3 1 3]... 5 Ail KC) OT Suwa veg coum en | (een cn one Shc aie 1|.. . 22 | Megaloprepus .| 1).. rLNeNa | emer eames 1 ane ea 23 | Microstigma 3 2 ote 3 2h epee |e i 24 | Pseudostigma Hal aL 1 36 be 1}... ane 25 | Mecistogaster Byori: 2 4 3 2 ie ot ie 26 | Lestes 82 |) fae} a2 2 6 2 DMN avalies Neal 1 27 | Hyponeura . i 1 oie ate | es ae 28 | Huclea 1 te era Tk oe oa Bee 29 | Podagrion Sie erm irom | eerente 3 2 30 | Leptogaster . Dale Dr eon | arene 5 one : 31 | Neoneura GgjeG, 3 oie 5 i 32 | Protoneura . ZiAieez al earl | neat 1 1 33 | Agrion 56 | 42 | 20 Seog, 2 5 | 214 1 34 | Gomphus Oul(meke 1 Z| ets yet retort |e 35 | Gomphoides Telit. 2 | 15 Z Dat een rots 36 | Ietinus ct ares ie Ad in shoal ashen lela 87 | Cordulegaster i ewe 2 oe ae US teen hota 38 | Petalia Oma erent mete eee oe Seta tone 3 39 | Phenes UTD lireriate | mtetre ke O 6 ais as 1 40 | Anax . ia tirootsun | Wrens 1 1 nae il eae es 41 | Aeschna . 1ST POF eas Ziel il ANN ooh ald: 3 42 | Gynacantha. 8} 4 1 2 5 1 2 coer eee Cs 43 | Cordulia . ala ao Uo gca 6 on aan lie 2 : 44 | Pantala ae erehreeh |bereuta 1 1 i enlace n 45 | Tramea Dire eis oie Dial eesti oie oa : 46 | Libellula 4 a ell 2 2 2 3 i 1 47 | Lepthemis S| resale 3 7 5 1 45 48 | Dythemis 2 1 i 18 3 4 1 1 F 49 | Erythemis 6 3] 2 3 4 in 1 iL rene . 50 | Mesothemis . 7 1} 3 oe i 2 1 3: |e 51 | Diplax Sal eo eee 4 | 26 5 2 a 2 | CU LIST OF SOUTH AMERICAN NEUROPTERA. List of the Neuroptera of South America—Continued. ‘ dia oa Seu ae - Bs F 3 (as |e e oq |-a < <3 GENERA. ie Gm) | seca ect eel Wer cimial ree Mole | er. Sle (SeiscS| S |seelss) 2) o 1 saz a) © /ax|/e@h| & | Bes ico] S|] 81248 a! A |molmasd}|] A |SOm|or|] & 1] oO [Aaa 1355 1144 | 75 | 44 |265| 45 | 63] 8| 24'| 8 52 | Perithemis 5 ol eens 1 5 as iL | retreat | els one 53 | Nannophya . ia | eal iarete ° ZA Baa ; aly cate 54 | Uracis Sale Aaa aye 7 2 <'liasoin' lis oe 55 | Palpopleura 3 1 , , 3 t arco |ewet teas 3 56 | Diastatops ADA ee MREE «ih, ee 3 apie ames tees herein eee 57 | Chauliodes . 1 lee Sas aii eo Seek linoike 1 oes 58 | Corydalis 9 Baltes 1 6 2 3 caleme 2 59 | Hemerobius. Di Dine css lees 3 1 i ah : tet | Fees 60 | Mantispa ea leeks 5 ; 10 i Te -ligreps 1 61 | Trichoscelis. Salers fowl 32 ; OMe etre ue sul crests 62 | Belonoptera. ie yer Pe oe eel ec fal eine 63 | Chrysopa HS ee a 1 | 15 2 rel ieee eal ste 64 | Acanthaclisis 2 Mes 5 1 1 if Zia ecienn wists 65 | Myrmeleon . 29) elites eli 1 | 14 1 8 Th |} 66 | Ascalaphus . 24) 4 | 12 eee 4 Arman ites 67 | Bittacus . Aa 2 aa a ee ous 1 : 68 | Barypenthus 2a \eregtene (hei | are 2 : o's ee a 69 | Sericostoma. 1 AL ras ae i 6.0 ee i é 70 | Macronema . 28 nou 9 3 8 1 4 3 71 | Hydropsyche Male lM aris eee 1 ms oc : 72 | Leptocerus . Dalton |etOrn |) tens 5 : * 73 | Chimarrha 2 Piles 2 5 507 188 ee | 53 377 62 88 | 10 | 33 10 . FAMILIES. | Genera. Species. 1 Termitina 3 ol 2 Embidina , 1 3 3 Psocina : 2 12 4 Perlina . 5 2 21 5 Ephemerina 5 12 6 Odonata 43 298 7 Sialina 2 10 8 Hemerobina 8 92 9 Panorpina 1 5 10 Phryganina 6 23 73 507 335 336 SUMMARY. SUMMARY, North America contains : : : . : . 716 species. South America contains : ‘ ; : : 2) OUGEes Total ; © F : ; . : 2 Z oC es Deducting 53 species found in both North and South America, the whole con- tinent of America contains 1170 species; of which 436 are new to science. The actual number of ‘‘ species not examined,’’ 220 for North America and 128 for South America (total 348), is considerably less in reality; the species entirely unknown to me are 83 for North America and 29 for South America (total 112), mostly described by Say, Asa Fitch, and Pictet. GOS SAK Yer Abnormal. Deviating from the usual type. Accessory subcostal vein. The vein given off from the subcosta, and branching towards the apex of the wing. 7 Acuminate. Furnished with a produced point. Adult. The fully matured state of an insegt. Anal angle. The posterior interior corner of a wing. Anal space. The area at the posterior base of the hind wings, which folds together when the wings are at rest, as in most Phryganez, &c. Anastomosis. The thickened point of juncture of nervules. Angulose. Constituting an angle or angles. Annulated. Ringed; furnished with ring-like bands. Annulus. A ring; a narrow, encircling band. Antecubital. Pertaining to the space between the base of the wing and the nodus. Antehumeral. Pertaining to the space immediately before the origin of the wings. Antenne. Two articulated feelers placed superiorly upon the head. Anteocular. In front of the eyes. Anterior. Before; forward part. Anteriorly. Forwardly ; in front. Anus. The vent, or fundament. Apex. The extremity, or smaller end opposite to the base. Apical. Pertaining to the apex. Apical sector. One of the longitudinal veins of the apex of a wing. Approximated. Placed near; close together. Arcuated. Curved, as a bow. Article, or Articulation. A joint; or segment between two transverse sutures. Areolate. Furnished with small areas. Auricle. A small ear, or ear-like process. Auriculated. Furnished with auricles. Basal. Pertaining to the base. * This Glossary has been prepared by Mr. UHLER, at the request of the Smithsonian Institution, with the view of furnishing an explanation of the technical terms employed in the present work. 22 338 GLOSSARY. Base. The foundation; as, Base of the head: that part of the head ap- plied against the thorax. ‘ Biarcuated. Twice-curved. Bicolored, Two-colored. . Bidentate. Two-toothed. Bifid. Two-branched. Bifurcated. Two-forked. Bi-impressed. Twice-impressed. Bilineated. Marked with two lines. Bilobed. Furnished with two lobes. Bimaculated, Twice-spotted; having two spots. Binotated. With two marks, or dots. Biovate. Twice-ovate. Biparted. Separated into two parts. Biserrated. Provided with two small triangular teeth. Bisetous. Furnished with two bristle-like appendages. Bituberculated. Provided with two tubercles. Bivittated. Marked with two longitudinal stripes. Branchie. Breathing tubes analogous to gills. Calcarated. Armed with spurs. Carbonaceous. Resembling charcoal. Carina. An elevated keel-like edge. Carinate. Furnished with a carina. Carpus. The pterostigma. Caudal. Pertaining to the end of the abdomen. Cellule. A little space surrounded by veins, on the wings. Cerci. The superior processes at the end of the abdomen. Chalybeous. Ofa steel-blue color. Cilia. Hairs set like a fringe; resembling eyelashes. Ciliated. Furnished with cilia. Cinereous. Of an ash-gray color. Clavate. Furnished with a thickened extremity like a club. Clypeus. That part of the head immediately above the labrum. Compressed. Flattened together, as if by pressure applied at each side. Confluent. Flowing together; united at the ends, as the veins of wings. Connate. United; not separated by an articulated suture. Cordiform. Shaped like a heart. Coriaceous. Ofa consistence resembling leather. Costa. The same as costal vein. Costal. Pertaining to the costa. Costal area. A space between the costa and the next longitudinal vein. Costal vein. The rib-like vein of the anterior margin of the wings, fol- lowed, in the section Neuroptera, by the subcosta, the radius, and the cubitus; the latter is frequently double (cub. anticus, cub. posticus). Cultriform. Shaped like a pruning-knife. Cuneiform. Shaped like a wedge. GLOSSARY. 339 Cupreous. Of a copper-color. Deciduous. Casting off the wings. Dentated. Furnished with teeth. Denticle. A small tooth. Depressed. Flattened down. Dilated. Widened, expanded. Discoidal. Pertaining to the disk or middle. Discoidal areolets. Spaces of the middle of a wing; in the Libellulina they are placed beyond the triangle. Disk. The middle surface. Divaricated. Spreading apart, as two gradually separating branches. Dolabriform. Shaped like a hatchet. Dorsum. The superior surface of the thorax or abdomen. Elliptical. Elongate-oval. Emarginate, or Emarginated. Notched. Ensiform. Sword-shaped ; sharp on both edges, and tapering to a point. Epistoma. That part of the face between the front and labrum. Equal. Of the same size or length. Excision. A cut out of an edge, not always of the same shape. Facies. Aspect; appearance. Falcate. Sickle-shaped; curved like a sickle. Fascia. Used here as a stripe broader than a line. Femora. The thighs. Femur. A thigh. Fenestrated. Marked with transparent spots surrounded by a darker color, somewhat like panes of glass in windows. Ferruginous. Rust-colored. Filiform. Slender and cylindrical, like a thread. Plavescent. Somewhat yellow. Flexuous. Almost zigzag, more acute at the angles than undulating. Poliaceous. Leaf-like. Forcipated. Furnished with two pieces approaching at the ends like pincers. Fovea. A more or less rounded depression. Foveolate. Furnished with cavities or depressions. Free. Unrestrained in articulated movement; not soldered at the points of contact. Front. The fore-face, bounded by the eyes, the vertex, and usually be- neath by the epistoma. Frontal. Pertaining to the front. FPuliginous. Of the color of dark smoke. Pulvo-aeneous. Brazen, with a tinge of brownish-yellow. Pulvous. Tawny, color of the common deer. Purcated. Forked; split into two separating ends. Fuscescent. Measurably fuscous. ‘ Pusco-ferruginous. Rust-colored, with a brownish tinge. 349 GLOSSARY. Fusco-testaceous. Dull reddish-brown. Fuscous. Dark brown, approaching black. Fusiform, Spindle-shaped; gradually tapering at each end. Genital lobe. The bag-like appendage upon the second ventral segment of the male dragon-fly. Genital accessory organs. The hooks, &c., situated beneath the second ventral segment‘of the male dragon-fiy, &c. Glaucous. Ofa sea-green color. Guttz. Marks resembling dots or small spots. Guttated. Marked with gutte. Gradate. Step by step; successive. Granulated. Provided with minute, close prominences, like very small grains of sand, &c. Hab. Abbreviation of Habitat. Habitat. The place or region which an insect inhabits. Habitus. Aspect; general appearance, or likeness. Hamate. Furnished with hooks, or hook-like processes. Hamule. A small hook. Hastated. Halberd-shaped; excavated at the base and sides, but with spreading lobes or angles. Hastiform. Shaped like a halberd. Haustellate. Furnished with a proboscis-like mouth. Hirsute. Clothed with shaggy hairs. Humeral. Belonging to the humerus or shoulder. Hyaline. Transparent; of the color of water. Imagines. Plural of imago. Imago. The insect in its last stage, after passing through larva arid pupa. Immarginare. Not furnished with a turned-up edge. Incanous. Hoary; clothed with whitish hair or powder. Incision. A slit-like cut. Incisures. The impressed transverse lines between the segments of the abdomen, &c. , Incomplete. Not fully developed. Inferiorly. Beneath; pertaining to the lower surface. Infracted. Bent; suddenly bent. Infumated. Clouded, as if with tobacco-smoke. Infuscated. Darkened with a blackish tinge. Interrupted. Suddenly stopped. Involuted. Rolled inwards spirally. Irrorated. Marked with spots like freckles. Labium. The lower lip of an insect. Labrum. The upper lip of an insect. Lamelliform, Shaped like a plate of metal, &e. Lamina. A plate or sheet-like piece. Laminated. Provided with lamine. Lanceolate, or Lanceolated. Shaped like a spear. GLOSSARY. 341 Larva. The first stage of an insect after it is excluded from the egg. Lateral. Pertaining to the sides. j Laterally. Sideways. Linear. Shaped like a line; very narrow in form. Lineated. Provided with line-like marks. Lunule. A half-moon-shaped object or mark. Lurid. Bright colors obscured. Luteous. Egg-yellow; clay-yellow. Maculose. Spotted. Mandibles. Jaws; two, generally horny pieces of the mouth, imme- diately under the labrum. Mandibulate. Tarnished with mandibles. Margined. Edged; provided with a margin. Marmorated. Marbled; veined like marble. Mazillz. Pieces of the mouth which occupy the places of the jaw-bones. Maxillary palpi. Jointed appendages attached to the mazillz. Median, or Medial. Of, or occupying the middle. Median Nervule. The third basal nervule in Calopterygina, &e. Median space. The posterior space at the base of the wings in Calop- teryx, &e. Membranaceous. Of a membrane-like character. Membranule. The small triangular flap at the interior base of the wings in Libellulina, &e. , Meridional. Equatorial. Mesothorax. Middle primary division of the thorax. Metathorax. The posterior primary division of the thorax. Mobile. Movable. Moniliform. Shaped like a string of beads. Multi-areolate. Composed of many small areas or spaces. Multi-articulate. Composed of many articles or joints. Mutic. Unarmed, 7. e., without spines, &c. Nasus. A space directly above the labrum. Nasute. Bearing a projection like a nose; said of certain workers, “c., amongst the Termites. Nebula. A cloud-like spot. Nodal. Pertaining to an oblique stout vein, called the nodus. Nodulose. Clothed with knot-like small prominences. Nodus. A stout, oblique, short vein in the Odonata, at the place where the anterior margin of the wings is somewhat drawn in. Obovate. Inversely ovate, the smaller end turned towards the base. Obsolete. Not distinct, or almost lost to view. Obtected. Covered. Ocelli. The simple eyes of insects ; usually three amongst the Neuroptera. Ochraceous, or Ochreous. Of a more or less deep ochre-color. Occiput. The back part of the head behind the vertex. Olivaceous. Of an olive-color. 92% = 342 GLOSSARY. Onychium. See Plantula. Oval. Egg-shaped. Ovate. More or less oval. Palpi. The feelers attached to the mouth of insects. Pectus. The breast, or inferior surface of the thoraz. Petiolated. Narrowed into a handle-like neck; as the base of they in Agrion. Phalerated. Marked with stripes and bands like the harness of a Piceous. Color of pitch. Pile. Hair; usually hair arranged somewhat in rows. Pilose. Clothed with pile. Plantula. A small lap or membranous appendage betwe nails of insects ; also called Onychium. Plicated. Furnished with folds; folded. Postcostal, or Postcubital. Pertaining to the space and pterostigma. Posteriorly. Behind; after. Process. A prolongation of the surface, such as an . elevation, &c. Produced. Drawn out; prolonged. Prothorax. The first segment of the thoraz. Pruinose. Clothed with bluish or white bloom or powder. — Pterostigma. = Ve Sem 6 EG Ww 8 SX = band, NHL Ae \ ILS la laibie—3— 3 sometimes small inclosed cells at the median, called accessory cells, which are either situated at the root of the secondaries, fig. 22, r, or intrusive cells, as fig. 25, s, or appendicular cells, as fig. 25, x. In the family of Zinecde with lanceolate secondaries, the nerve structure declines. The median cell is indistinct or entirely obso- lete, for all the nerves arise either from the root or other nerves, or lose themselves in the membrane in the vicinity of the cross Vig. 27. Fig. 28. 98 7 Zeb b ° em. 2 = See la 5! oo =~ nerve. The number of nerves, especially in the secondaries, also diminishes. In order to distinguish the wings lengthwise, they are divided into three fields or areas, the basal area, figs. 1 and 20, ba, the middle area, ma, and the limbal area, la. In many genera, these areas or fields on the primaries are marked or distinguished by simple, double or triple cross lines or narrow bands, which are ealled, fig 20, sa, transverse anterior (extra basillaire) or posterior, sp (ligné coudée). These transverse bands or streaks are most distinct and common in the Woctuide, fig. 20. In these, there is in addition across line between the base and the anterior line, which does not extend down to the interior margin, and which is called the basal half line, sd (demi-ligne of the French); and ano- ther conspicuous cross line between the posterior line and the limb, called the wndulate line, rr (ligne-subterminal). In the field or area, between these two, there are often arrow-shaped spots, which xvi INTRODUCTION. are called sagittate spots. Besides these, the Noctuide or moths, have three distinguishing marks in the middle area; one in the cell, 1b, called the dentiform spot; a small, usually round one in the median cell, called the orbicular, mo, and behind it, a larger, kidney-shaped spot, called the reniform, mr. The two latter are often surrounded by a double edge, lighter than the ground color. Between both, there is usually drawn across the whole wing, a darker band, which is called the transverse median shade, am. Some spe- cies have a dark square spot between the two spots in the median cell, which often extends itself in a pyramidal form over the orbi- cular towards the root, so that both spots form a sort of recumbent pyramid, and is called the pyramidal spot. The posterior trans- verse streak alone is for the most part continued over the second- aries, which is then called, on both sides of the wing, the arcuated line. The rentform mark appears on the under side as the median lunule, and all the dark spots on the cross nerve of both sides of the secondaries bear the same name, fig. 21. In general, the structure of the several parts of the butterfly, as far as this is necessary to the determination of the species, genus, ete., can easily be recognized, without dissection. Difficulties some- times occur in the frequently indistinct simple eyes, pal/puli and frenulum. ‘he last is usually present in species which fold their wings, when in a state of rest. A careful examination with a magnifying glass will readily detect the presence of this member. Much more difficult is a discrimination of the nerve structure, inas- much as the nerves are frequently so covered with scales, that with- out removing them, the nerves cannot be seen. In this case, the under side of the wings should be particularly examined, inasmuch as the nerves on this side are more distinct than on the other. But if this will not suffice to determine all the points desirable to be known, the scales must be removed. In order to accomplish this, either take a sharp, fine penknife and move the blade or back gen- tly over the nerves on the under side of the wings, until the nerves become distinct, or rub the whole wing with a soft, blunt hair pen- cil until all the scales are removed, but on the upper side only, when you wish to observe the furcation of the dorsal nerves of the primaries. This operation can be most satisfactorily performed when the specimens are fresh. SYNOPSIS OF THE GENERAS Section l. RHOPALOCERA. Antenne filiform, terminating in a knob or club. Wings, at least the primaries, elevated in repose; 110 bristle or frenwum ; no stemmata or simple eyes—flight diurnal. Fam. I. Papilionidae. Larva with two retractile tentacles on first segment. Eyes promi- nent; palpi short; six feet adapted for walking; wings wide, nerves distinct, abdominal edge of the secondaries concave, discoidal cell in both wings closed, hooks of the tarsi simple, abdomen free. A. Club of antenne arcuate ; Wings wide, secondaries with long tails or lobed. Papilio. B. Club straight; Primaries transparent at the summit, two black ocelli in the discoidal cellule, abdomen of the female with a corneous pouch. [No species east of the Rocky Mountains.] Parnassius. * [The present synopsis is believed to be approximately correct and generally agrees with the body of the book as far as the Rhopalocera are concerned, but in the Heterocera the conformity is not so rigid, owing to the indistinctness of some of our new American genera and an indisposi- tion to create new families in which to place them. Further investigation will be required to determine their proper place in the system. The sy- nopsis, however, gives a tolerably fair exhibit of our Lepidopteral Fauna, exclusive of the Noctuide proper, which may, however, hereafter be some- what improved, The Genus Pimela, p. 129, belongs to Bombycidx, inadvertently placed where it now stands.—J. G. M.] B ¢ xviii SYNOPSIS OF THE GENERA. Fam. Il. Pieridae. Antenne truncated at the extremity or clubbed. Secondaries with no concavity on abdominal edge, abdomen received into a groove, color whitish or orange to greenish-white on the upper side. A. Antenne abruptly terminating in an ovoid club; a. Wings narrow, elongate. * Secondaries wider than the primaries. [Mexican.] Leptalis. b. Wings of ordinary width. } Palpi with long fascicled hairs, last article shorter than the preceding. a. Antenne rather long. [Mexican.] Huterpe. 8. Antenne very short. Nathalis. tt Last article of the palpi at least as short as the pre- ceding. a. An auroral spot at the summit of the primaries, at least in the males. Anthocaris. 8. No auroral spot. Pieris. BE. Antenne truncated at the summit or terminating insensibly in an obconic club ; a. Wings robust. * Primaries angulate. Rhodocera. ** Primaries not angulate, secondaries entire. a. Antenne rather long, terminating insensibly in a club. Callidryas. 8. Antenne short, terminating in an obconic club. Colias. b. Wings thin and delicate. Terias. Fam. Ill. Danaidae. Palpi remote, not extending much beyond the head, club of an- tennze formed insensibly; wings wide, with the edges somewhat sinuous, discoidal cell of the secondaries closed, thorax robust, pectus with white dots, four walking feet. Secondaries of the males with a black spot in relief. Danais. Fam. IV. Heliconidae. Abdomen slender, elongate; wings narrow, oblong, abdominal edge scarcely embracing the lower part of the abdomen, discoidal cell closed. Antenne longer than the head and abdomen, nearly filiform, in- sensibly thickening towards the extremity, four walking feet. [Only one species ; southern. | Heliconia. SYNOPSIS OF THE GENERA. D4 < Fam. V. Nymphalidae. Palpi nearly connivent, porrect, scaly, their anterior face as wide as the sides, discoidal cell nearly always open, nails of tarsi strongly bifid. A. Antenne with a flattened club, primaries sinuous. Agraulis. primaries not sinuous. Argynnis. Under side of wings without nacred spots. Melitaea. B. Club of antenne not flattened ; a. Primaries excised, angular, secondaries with a pale, silvery or golden mark like the letter L or C. Grapta. b. Primaries subtriangular, less excised, apex truncate, palpi very hairy. Vanessa. c. Primaries less angular, palpi less hairy. Pyrameis. d. Eyes naked, anterior legs less hairy. Junonia. e. Primaries rounded at the summit, proboscis very long. Anartia. Jj. Primaries dentate, sometimes prolonged to a tail. ©Nymphalis. g. Primaries, fore margin arcuate, angle acute, tail prominent, color coppery. Paphia. h. Primaries slightly dentate, secondaries with ocelli. Apatura. 2. Primaries not dentate, subfalciform—no ocelli. Aganisthos. Fam. VI. Libytheidae. Larva without spines; palpi very long, contiguous, in the form of a beak, parallel to the axis of the body; wings angular, rather ro- bust; discoidal cellule of secondaries open. Libythea. Fam. VII. Satyridae. Wings robust, abdominal edge of the secondaries forming a groove; discoidal cellule closed; nervures of the primaries often dilated at their origin. Costal nervure feebly inflated at base; color pale, dull, livid. [Extreme north. ] Chionobas. Veins delicate, color uniform. Neonympha. Costal nervure much inflated, color dark brown; wings ocellate or with black spots. Erebia. One or two veins of primaries inflated; limb of secondaries dentate ; secondaries marbled beneath; primaries ocellate. Satyrus. Eyes hairy; base of costal and median nerves of primaries dilated; secondaries lobed. Calisto. Costal nervure inflated ; secondaries emarginate, slightly caudate. Debis. The three principal nerves inflated, no ocelli. Coenympha. xXx SYNOPSIS OF THE GENERA. Fam. VIII. Lycaenidae. Larva onisciform ; discoidal cellule closed apparently by a small nerviform prominence. Small; under side with small spots or ocellated points; often a marginal band of yellow spots; color of males usually blue. Argus. Under side ocellate; color fulvous. Polyommatus. Secondaries with filiform tails ; sometimes simply dentate. Thecla. Fam. IX. Erycinidae. Small; six walking feet in the males, four in the females. Antenne long, annulated with whitish; abdomen shorter than the secondaries. Nymphidia. Antenne shorter, not annulate. Lemonias. Fam. X. Mesperidae. _Head wide, transverse ; antenne often terminated by a hook. Primaries triangular, often with pellucid spots; anal angle with no lobe, no silvery spots beneath. Hesperia. Anal angle with a short tail turned outwards, or an obtuse point, silvery spots beneath. Goniloba. Anal angle rounded. Nisoniades. Wings with orange-colored spots ; color dark brown. Cyclopaedes. Primaries only erect in repose; disk in many species with an ob- lique velvety patch. Pamphila. Color brownish, with numerous translucent, angular and square whitish spots. Syrichthus. Section Il. HETEROCERA. Antenne variable, prismatic, pectinate, serrate, moniliform or filiform; wings deflected in repose, secondaries mostly frenate ; stemmata or false eyes in many genera. Flight diurnal, crepuscu- lar, most frequently nocturnal. | | 4 SYNOPSIS OF THE GENERA. Xxi Fam. I. Epialidae. Proboscis short or obsolete ; palpi nearly obsolete; antenne, mo- niliform, shorter than the thorax; wings deflected, long, narrow, secondaries semi-hyaline. No stemmata. Thorax not crested; body pilose; last abdominal annuli of the fe- male forming an elongated oviduct. Epialus. Fam. II. Cossidae. Body stout, pilose, head small, antenne shorter than half the length of the wings, palpi small, eyes naked, proboscis short or ob- solete, wings strongly veined, deflected; flight nocturnal ; stemmata none. Abdomen long, extending beyond the anal angle; hind tibie with two pair of spurs; palpi shorter than the head. Cossus. Hind tibie with only terminal spurs.. Zeuzera. Fam. Ill. Conchilopodidae. Body rather stout; proboscis not visible; antenne of % simple, rather serrated, pilose at the apex, which is acute; legs stout, pilose; hind tibiz with four spurs; wings moderately broad, deflexed ; abdo- men a little tufted at the extremity. Larva onisciform, or flat. Fore wings, subcostal veins exterior to the disk, bifid, with two nervules from the disk. Limacodes. With one nervule from the disk. Adoneta. Fore wings, subcostal trifid, exterior to the disk. Empretia. Fore wings, subcostal quadrifid, exterior to the disk. Nochelia. Fam. IV. Zygaenidae. Antenne fusiform cylindric, often pectinate ; proboscis long, con- volute; wings longer than the body, primaries more narrow, se- condaries rounded; stemmata present. Costal vein bifid at base; antenne fusiform. Zygaena. Without costal vein. Procris? Clemens. Antenne not pectinate, thicker in the middle than at the apex. Alypia. Fam. V. Glaucopididae. Wings narrow, often limpid or with limpid spots; hind wings short; antenne pectinated; flight diurnal. B* Xxii SYNOPSIS OF THE GENERA. Hind wings without a discal nervule; median vein of hind wings bifid; wings usually hyaline. Glaucopis. Median vein of hind wings trifid; subcostal vein with a marginal branch; ‘discal vein vertical. Ormetica. Hind wings with a discal nervule; median vein of hind wings bifid. Euchromia. Median vein 3-branched. Cyanopepla. Fam. VI. AEgeriadae. Primaries *narrow, usually vitreous to the margin; secondaries shorter, altogether vitreous ; abdomen often with a caudal tuft. Antenne gradually thickened nearly to the end, curved; proboscis nearly obsolete ; male, with a caudal tuft. Trochilium. Fam. VII. WThyridae. Antenne feebly thickened in the middle, first article inflated ; no stemmata; wings broad, subtriangular, more or less angulate and indented, opaque with semitransparent spots. Body short and thick, abdomen conical, tufted at the end. Thyris.. Fam. VII. Psychidae. ‘ Proboscis obsolete, palpi hirsute, antenne pectinate or ciliate, wings more or less rounded. Female mostly apterous. Antenne of the male pectinated more than half the length; abdo- men of the male very long. Female wingless. Oiketicus. Antenne of the male pectinated almost to the apex ; abdomen ex- tending beyond the wings. Female wingless. Thyridoptery=. Primaries acuminate at the apex. Female winged. Perophora. Fam. IX. Sphingidae. FORE WINGS ENTIRE. A. Terminal margin obliquely convex ; Antenne clavato prismatic, with hook and seta ; Tongue twice or nearly twice as long as the body. Macrosila. Tongue as long as the body, or somewhat longer. ' Sphinz. Dolba. Tongue two-thirds as long as the body. Darapsa pars. - Lapara. ' Ceratomia. Daremma. Tongue as long as palpi. Ellema. Pachylia. Tongue about one-third as long as the body. SYNOPSIS OF THE GENERA. Antenne slender, minutely serrate-setose; Abdomen more or less tufted ; Tongue moderate. Tongue rather short. Tongue one-half as long as body. Antenne subclavate or fusiform ; Abdomen not tufted at the tip. Abdomen tufted at the tip. B. Terminal margin wavy. C. Terminal margin nearly straight or slightly sinuate ;f Antenne with a long hook ; Tongue two-thirds as long as the body. Tongue as long as the body. Antenne somewhat fusiform, rather short ; Tongue as long as the body. XXill Oenosandra. Perigonia. Macroglossa. { Arctonotus. Deilephila. Sesia. Macroglossa. Anceryx.* Pachylia. Philampelus. Chaerocampa. D. Terminal margin excavated by the tip, convex from the middle; Abdomen without apical tuft ; Ambulyx. Tongue not quite as long as body or as long. 4 Pergesa. - Chaerocampa pars. Tongue nearly obsolete. 8. Juglandis 4,. Tongue about half as long as the body. Abdomen with apical tuft ; Fore wings with silvery streaks. FORE WINGS NOT ENTIRE. Fore wings indented above interior angle ; Abdomen with apical tuft. Abdomen without apical tuft. Fore wings excavated near tip and anterior angle. Fore wings truncate at the tips; Angulated and denticulated. Tongue nearly as long as the body. Angulated in the middle. Darapsa. Calliomma. Proserpinus. Unzela. Thyreus pars. Thyreus pars. Abdomen with apical tuft. ' Enyo. Perigonia. Abdomen without tuft or scarcely tufted ; Tongue about as long as palpi. Smerinthus pars. Tongue two-thirds as long as the body. Deidamia. Not angulated in the middle. Perigonia purs. * M. antxus and the 9 of S. juglandis. ft A. caicus. XXiv SYNOPSIS OF THE GENERA. Fore wings denticulated ; With silvery streaks and angulated. Calliomma pars. Without silvery streaks, not angulated. Smerinthus, Fam. X. Drepanulidae. Body slender ; proboscis inconspicuous, palpi very short, antenne longer than the thorax, feet slender, naked; wings wide, primaries falcate; antennz of the males moderately pectinated—of the female scarcely longer. Drepana. Fam. XI. Saturmidae. Antenne setiform, bipectinate in the male; no stemmata; se- condaries wide, fringe short, without a frenulum; body thick, densely pilose. Antenne of males bipectinate, females unidentate. Saturnia. Antenne of both sexes strongly pectinate; wings with vitreous, diaphanous spots. Attacus. Antenne of the male deeply pectinated to much beyond half the length, minutely serrated from thence to the tips—of the female, simple. Dryocampa. Antenne of the male merely serrated for more than one-third; of the female, simple. . Ceratocampa. Fam. XII. Bombycidae. Antenne in both sexes pectinated, strongly in the males; body robust, pilose ; wings strong; cocoons of the larve silky, hence called spinners. A. Limb of the wings denticulate ; A. Antennz very short. : a. Body thick. Gastropacha. B. Limb of the wings not denticulate ; A. Antenne of the male equally pectinate. } Primaries with veins not punctate. O Primaries with no pale discal spot; subacuminate at the apex. Clisiocampa. — Primaries rounded at the apex. Pimela. tt Primaries, veins punctate. Artace. Fam. XIII. Notodontidae. Body usually robust, pilose, extending beyond the wings; anten- ne of the male usually pectinate, rarely simple—of the female, simple, rarely pectinate ; wings entire, often long. SYNOPSIS OF THE GENERA. XXV Antenne of the female pectinate. Cerura. Antenne of the female serrate. Notodonta. Antenne of both sexes pectinate. Ichthyura. Antenne of the male pectinate, naked at the apex. Heterocampa. Antenne of the male not pectinate to the apex. Edema. Antenne setaceous, minutely ciliated. Eudryas. Antenne of male minutely pectinated; of female minutely serrated. Datana. Antenne moderately pectinated. Nadata. Fam. XIV. Arctiidae. Stature robust; stemmata conspicuous; maxille short; antennz moderate, those of the female, when not nearly obsolete, bipectinate or ciliate, sometimes serrate or simple ; abdomen thick, often macu- late; frennlum conspicuous ; flight often heavy, nocturnal. Thorax not fasciculate, wings rounded. Arctia. Primaries not dilated; body maculate. Spilosoma. Wings rather long, third article of palpi very short. Lophocampa. Body slender, third article of palpi globose. Nemeophyla. Antenne simple, ciliate; abdomen not extending beyond the wings; costa of primaries straight. Phragmatobia. Primaries long. Ecpantheria. Antenne in both sexes simply ciliate, with two strong setz at each joint. Callimorpha. Body fusiform ; antenne minutely pectinate. Apantesis. Antenne deeply pectinate; tibize with only terminal spurs. Orgyia. Antenne simple in both sexes—those of the male subpilose below. Deiopeia. Antenne of male deeply pectinate—of female moderately so. Dasychira. Fam. XV. Lithosiidae. Body slender, elongate; no stemmata. Antenne usually ciliate orsimple. Thorax not crested. Abdomen not extending beyond the wings, or very little. Wings often subelliptical, primaries nar- row, secondaries often twice as wide as the primaries. Frenulum couspicuous. In repose, the primaries plicate. Antenne setaceous, simple; wings not long. Eustizxia. Antenne setaceous, simple, shorter than the body; wings narrow. Eubaphe. Antenne setaceous, simple, minutely pubescent ; wings long, narrow. Mieza. xxvi SYNOPSIS OF THE GENERA. Antenne of the male setaceous. Gnophris. Antenne deeply pectinated. Lagoa. Antenne setiform, scarcely ciliated in the males; wings rather broad, semi-diaphanous, rounded. Nudaria? Antenne rather deeply pectinated ; wings narrow, rather long. Lerina. Antenne moderately pectinated; wings moderately long and broad. Apistosia. Antenne moderately pectinated; wings rather long and narrow. Ardonea. Wings moderately broad, not long. Hypoprepia. Wings very narrow, somewhat pointed. Lymire. Wings narrow, not long. Percote. Hind wings much broader than the fore wings. Lithosia. Fam. XVI. Ctenuchidae. Hind wings without costal vein; subcostal bifid from the origin of the discal; discal vein simple, angulated usually beneath the middle of the disk; median vein 4-branched. Wings very narrow; hind wings broader than the fore wings; an- tenne moderately pectinated in the male. Acoloithus. Hind wings narrower than the fore wings; rather deeply pectinated in the male. Aglaope. Wings broad or narrow, elongate-trigonate; antennz deeply pecti- nated in the male. Ctenucha. Fore wings rather broad, obovate; antenne rather thick, tapering at the tips, pectinated. Malthaca. Fam. XVII. Lycomorphidae. Hind wings without costal vein; subcostal bifid; median 3- branched. Wings narrow; fore wings nearly fusiform; antennz biserrated or very minutely pectinated. Lycomorpha. Fam. XVIII. Melameridae. This family has much affinity to the Glaucopididx, and also to the Pyralites. Wings generally more or less black, occasionally with a metallic hue, frequently adorned with bright colors or partly lim- pid. All the species are Mexican or West Indian. Body nearly linear and cylindrical; wings black, generally narrow, with yellow, luteous or white stripes, bands or spots. Josia. Wings mostly limpid; generally long and narrow. Dioptis. Wings rather broad; fore wings not angular. Uraga. SYNOPSIS OF THE GENERA. XXxvii Fam. XIX. Pericopidae. Species large, often with pale dots on the head and thorax; wings ample, more or less vitreous. Mexican and West Indian. Wings long, rather broad, more or less semi-hyaline. Pericopus. Wings long, rather narrow, with semi-hyaline spots. Composia. Wings ample; fore wings with a semi-hyaline band. Eucyane. Fam. XX. Nyctemeridae. Some of the genera, like a few of the Pericopide, have much re- semblance to the Rhopalocera. The body is slender and the wings ample, and they have likewise a general resemblance to some of the Geometrites. They are nearly all Mexican and West Indian. Wings moderately broad; fore wings straight in front, rounded at the tips, oblique along exterior border; antenne moderately pec- tinated. Caralisa. Wings long and narrow; antenne of % minutely pectinated. Bubule. Wings short, somewhat triangular; antenne of % pectinated on both sides. Psycomorpha. Wings broad, not long, generally black with semi-hyaline white spots. Melanchroia. LEPIDOPTERA OF Pe Ok He AME ER TC A. Sec. I. RHOPALOCERA. ° Antenne filiform, terminating in a knob or club. Wings, at least the primaries, elevated in repose: no bristle or frenulum at the anterior edge of the secondaries. No stem- mata or simple eyes on the vertex. Flight diurnal. . Fam. I, PAPILIONIDAE. Larva elongated, with two retractile tentacles on the first ring. Perject insect with the abdominal edge of the second- aries concave. JDiscoidal cellule closed. Hooks of the tarsi simple. Six feet adapted to walking in both sexes. PAPILIO Linn. Head large; eyes prominent; palpi very short, joints scarcely distinct; antenne elongate, club pyriform; body, more or less hairy, free from the wings; wings robust, borders more or less dentated, often terminated by a tail; central cell closed; nerves- prominent. ‘ Larva smooth, or bearing fleshy tubercles; provided with two retractile tentacles protruding from the first segment; emitting a strong odor when alarmed. Chrysalis without metallic spots, moderately angular, occasion- ally a horn on the back; head square, bifid, or truncate; fastened by the tail and suspended by a thread across the back. 2 LEPIDOPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA. 1. Papilio turnus Linn. Boisd. et Lec. pl. 6,7. Say’s Amer. Ent. pi. 1. Pal. de Beauv. VII,,pl. 2. Lucas, Hist. Nat. des Pap. Exot. pl. 118. Cram. Pap. Exot. pl. 38. P. alcidamas Cr. Wings pale yellow, border black—that of the primaries divided by eight or nine yellow spots; wings traversed by four unequal black bands. Secondaries with a marginal range of six lunules, two rufous, four yellow; anal emarginations bordered with yellow. These lunules are surmounted with groups of bluish atoms. Hmargina- tions large, obtuse ; tail black, bordered with yellow within. Under side of primaries similar to the upper, the marginal points forming nearly a continuous ray, preceded by a range of grayish atoms. Under side of secondaries has the.border sprinkled with grayish yellow, with all the marginal lunules rufous in the middle; a range of bluish lunules above the border, three or four of which are sur- mounted with a little rufous. Body blackish above; two yellow rays on the thorax, yellowish ray below. Larva green above, whitish below; sides with seven oblique greenish stripes; between the fourth and fifth segments, a trans- verse band, yellow before, black behind; on the third segment a lateral, ocellated spot, with two blue pupils; head flesh-color, neck yellow; feeds on various species of Prunus. The chrysalis is brown, more or less deep, with a conical point on the breast. The perfect insect measures from three to four inches across the wings, and is found in the United States generally. Bois. 2. P. glaucus Linn. (Most probably a Southern female variety of P. turnus.) Boisd. et Lec. pl. 8,9. Cram. Pap. Exot. pl. 139. Pal. de Beauv. VI, Liv. pl. 1. * Size and habits, and when held towards the light, showing the markings of P. téwrnus; varies from pale brown to deep black. Wings blackish brown; primaries, with a marginal series of | eight oblong, yellowish spots, preceded by arcuated groups of bluish atoms. Secondaries sprinkled with blue, except at the base; outer limb divided by a range of seven lunules, some yel- low, others rufous, surmounted by cuneiform spots of pulverualent PAPILIO. 5 blue, forming one wide arcuated band; outer border dentated ; tail spatulate, bordered with yellow inside, as well as all the emar- ginations of all the wings. Beneath primaries paler brown, with three blackish bands, pro- ceeding from the anterior margin, the two outer abbreviated, the basal continuous. Secondaries brown; a transverse line gradually narrowing towards its end. Marginal lunules, rufous, slightly bordered with yellow; the band of bluish atoms (in the fresh sub- ject) surmounted by four or five triangular russety spots. Body black, with two yellow spots on the sides. Larva similar to that of P. turnus. Inhabits the Southern States. Borsp. 3. P. rutulus Boisd. The figure, size, and facies of P. turnus, of which it is perhaps only a modification. Ann. Soc. ent. de France, X, 2me sér. 279. Upper side ochry yellow, with the extremity of all the wings rather widely bordered with black; primaries cut by the nerves, and marked with five unequal transverse black bands, the first continuing from the base the whole length of the abdominal edge of the secondaries ; the second descending to the anal angle of the latter, and abruptly bending to unite with the first; the third a little divided, and ending on the first branch of the median; the fourth at the extremity of the discoidal cellule and not passing the median ; the fifth somewhat shorter; the border of the primaries is divided by a ray of ochry yellow oblong points ; secondaries with a streak or blackish are on the extremity of the discoidal-cellule ; a marginal row of six crescents, of which the anal is fulvous and the other five yellow; anal emargination bordered with fulvous, surmounted as well as the internal crescent with a group of blue atoms; the exterior edge with wide obtuse teeth, and a spatulate black tail, edged with yellow within, as well as all the emargina- tions. Under side similar to the upper, the marginal points forming a continuous ray, preceded by a ray of grayish atoms; that of the secondaries has the border powdered with yellowish gray, the marginal crescents being ochry as above. A row of bluish cres- cents on the anterior edge of the border. Body blackish above, yellowish below, with two black ventral rays. It differs from P. ternus in that the upper side of the secondaries 4 LEPIDOPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA. have not the fulvous crescent on the internal angle, and the under side has not the fulvous crescent in the border, nor the sagittate spots between the border and discoidal cellule of P. turnus. California.—In the spring and summer. Boisp. 4. P. eurymedon Boisd. Ann. Soc. ent. 2me sér. 280. The general appearance of turnus, but the black predominates more, and the bands are nearly white. Ground color very black ; primaries with four bands, white a little yellowish; the first at the hase; the second before the discoidal cellule ; the third, very short, represented by a simple streak at the end of the cellule ; the fourth bifid at its summit and united below to the second; a row of marginal oblong points diminishing before the internal angle. Secondaries with two wide whitish bands, or rather with a whitish disk, cut by a black ray as in P. turnus; the border divided by a row of five crescents, and two fulvous anal ones; anal emargination fulvous, surmounted, as well as the internal crescent, with a group of blue atoms; tail black, spatulate, edged with whitish as well as the emarginations. Under side of primaries, nearly like the upper. That of the secondaries similar to ¢wrnus but much more black ; the border sometimes divided by fulvous crescents, and sometimes of the ground color, except the two anal and the anal emargination which are always fulvous; all the crescents are surmounted by a row of blue spots. ody black above, with two white rays on the thorax ; whitish below, with two black ventral rays. California. Gray regards P. eurymedon as a mere variety of P. rutulus. Catalogue of Lep. Ins., in collection of Brit. Mus., pt. 1, p. 24. Borsp. 5. P. zolicaon Boisd. Ann. Soc. ent. 2me sér. 280. Primaries black, traversed by an oblique, yellow band, divided into eight spots by the black nerves; this band is preceded by two streaks and a spot of the same color; the border divided by eight yellow points. Secondaries:with a black are at the end of the discoidal cellule; abdominal edge black, powdered with yellow, tail linear, black, obtuse, bordered with yellow on one side. The anal eye bright fulvous, circled with yellow fulvous, body black, with a lateral yellow band. California. Borsp. PAPILIO. 5 6. P. troilus Linn. Boisd. et Lec. pl. 10. Sm. Abb. vol. I, pl. 2. Cram. Pap. Exot. pl. 207. Herbst, pl. 17 (mas.) pl. 20 (foem.). Drury, I, pl. 2. Lucas Hist. Nat. des Pap. Exot., pl. -19. P. ilioneus, Sm. Abb. Wings blackish, dentate, emarginations yellowish white. Préma- ries, with a range of seven or eight spots of pale yellow on the outer margin, gradually decreasing in size upwards. Secondartes, with a marginal range of seven greenish lunules, the upper one, orange yellow. Above these, a wide bluish gray band divided by the nervures. The lunule of theanal angle, is orange yellow inside greenish gray outside, tail black. Under side of primaries, deep brown, two marginal series of yel-. low spots, besides one or two towards the upper edge. Under side of secondaries, has two series of rufous lunules, sepa- rated by a band of bluish atoms; anal spot rufous. Body black, with yellow spots on the thorax and a line of yellow points on each side. Expands three inches. Larva green, with a yellow marginal band; two series of dlue points on the sides and in the fourth segment two carneous spots, on the third, a carneous ocellated spot, pupilled with deep blue, on the first, a black band; the under side ferruginous, at the base of the membranaceous feet, a series of seven blue points. Feeds on Laurus sassafras and other species of Laurus, Chrysalis a little gibbous, pale ferruginous striated with a deeper tint. Boisp. 7. P. asterias Fab. Sm. Abb. I, pl. 1. Cram. Pap. pl. 385. Boisd. et Lec., pl. 4. Lucas Hist. Nat. des Pap. Exot. pl. 20. Haldeman, in Stansbury’s Expl. p. 366. JP. troilus, 8m. Abb. Wings deep blackish brown, with two macular pale yellow bands; the first, composed of eight spots, nearly triangular, traversing the middle of the secondaries; the second is marginal, and the spots are smaller, eight or nine of which are on the primaries and six on the secondaries, mostly lunular. Besides these, the primaries have one or two spots toward the upper margin, and the second- aries, six or seven blue lunules between the spots. At the anal angle, a rufous spot, with a black point—emargination yellowish— tail black. 6 LEPIDOPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA. Under side of primaries, paler; the first band is pale rufous, except the first two or three triangular spots, which are yellow. Under side of secondaries, orange, except the two last of the marginal band, which are yellow. - In the female the spots of the first band are smaller, sometimes obsolete on the secondaries. Body black, rufous points on the thorax, and three series of yel- low spots on the sides. Expands four inches. United States. Larva apple green, with a transverse band on each segment formed of alternate bands of black and yellow, excepting on the first three, where the black band is interrupted by the yellow points only towards the spiracles ; whilst on the back, the yellow are placed before the black band; three black points on the anterior part of the first segment and two black lines on the head. The feet have black points at their base. Feeds on Daucus carota, Anethum feniculum and other umbelli- ‘ferous plants. : Chrysalis grayish, with ferruginous wavy streaks. Borsp. 8. P. philenor Fab. Boisd. et Lec. pl. 11. Sm. Abb. I, pl. 3. Say’s Amer. Ent. pl. 1. Cram. Pap. pl. 208. Drury I, pl. 2. Herbst, pl. 19. Lucas Hist. Nat. des Pap. Exot. pl. 8. P. astinous, Cram. Primaries black, with a greenish reflection towards the outer — border—emarginations, whitish; in some specimens, a series of whitish spots along the outer border, obsolete in others. Secondaries blackish, with a greenish hue except towards the base, a range of six whitish lunules—tail black, whitish at the base. Under side of primaries, dull black; a marginal range of five or six whitish spots. Under side of secondaries has a brilliant greenish reflection, ex- cept at the base, where there is a whitish spot. Seven lunules of bright rufous, surrounded with black. Four or six of those above bordered with white on one side; expands three and a half inches. North America. Larva brown, with two lateral series of smaller reddish tubercles. The first segment has two long processes—nine of moderate length below and others in the three last segments.—Feeds on Aristolo- chia serpentaria. Chrysalis grayish violet, back yellowish ; head truncate. Boisp. PAPILIO. 7 9. P. chalcas Fab. Boisd. et Lec. pl. 5. Herbst, pl. 62; Drur. I, pl. 19. Cram. Pap. Exot. pl. 93. P. palamedes Drur. Cr. Wings olive black, traversed by an interrupted, pale yellow band, continued over the secondaries, formed of triangular spots in the primaries—a yellow spot near the upper edge and nearer the base, a short, yellow, narrow line. Towards the outer edge, a marginal range of roundish, yellow lunules; anal angle, with a bluish crescent ; a little dusty yellow between the base and the mar- ginal points. Hmarginations, yellow. Zaz black, witha yellowish ray in the middle. Under side of primaries, paler; near the base, a transverse line of grayish atoms. Under side of secondaries is traversed by a rufous line. The transverse band, macular, whitish within, rufous without. The marginal lunules are whitish—the middle rufous, and the interval sprinkled with yellowish dust; a band, also, of blue crescents. Body black; a yellow line on each side of the thorax and abdo- men. Southern States.—Expands four and a half inches. Larva green, punctured with pale blue; under size and feet, car- neous ; head, yellow, ferruginous witha black arc ; the third segment has a lateral, carneous eyelet with a blue pupil, surmounted with a blue point. The fourth has a lateral, carneous spot. The green is se- _parated from the reddish, by a marginal, yellow line. Feeds on Laurus. Chrysalis, uneven, or humpbacked; ferruginous on the back, roseous beneath and four ranges of small bluish points. Boisp. 10. P. thoas Linn. Boisd. et Lec. pl. 12. Cram. Pap. Exot. pl. 167. Drur. pl. 22. Herbst, pl. 39. Lucas, Hist. Nat. des Pap. Exot. pl. 15. P. cresphontes Cram. P. oxitus Hbur. Wings deep black above, traversed by a yellow macular band, extending across the base of the secondaries. The third spot is oblong, surmounted by two or three others. ‘The primaries have besides, four yellow lunules near the inner angle. The secondaries have a curved series of six or seven yellow lu- nules; the anal angle has a rufous crescent with a group of blue atoms above it; dentate and the emarginations of both, yellow. Tail black, with an oval yellow spot. 8 LEPIDOPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA. Under side of primaries much paler; on the base, a large, radi- ~ ated yellow spot, which fills the discoidal cellule and eight marginal spots. Under side of secondaries, yellow, divided by six or seven blue lunules, three or four of which are associated with as many ferrugi- nous spots. The anal spot corresponds with that of the opposite side. Expands five inches. Body yellow; back black; thorax, black above, with two yellow lines. Southern States. Larva brownish below, back covered with large, whitish blotches, irregular, spotted with brown. Ohrysalis brown, marked with blackish points. Feeds on the orange tree. Boisp. 11. P. ajax Sm. Abb. Boisd. et Lec. pl. 1. Sm. Abb. I, pl. 4. Pal. de Beauv. IV, pl. 2. Upper side of the wings, blackish brown, with bands, whitish yellow ; the first, which is at the base of the primaries, is very small; the second is wide and descends beyond the middle of the secon- daries; the third is only a whitish line; the fourth is wide, bifid above, and descends on the disk of the secondaries; the fifth and sixth are short and of unequal length ; the seventh is marginal and interrupted. / The secondaries have fewer whitish lunules, two other bluish lu- nules, and at the anal angle a bilobed red spot, resting on a black crescent, which is cut transversely bya blue line and surmounted by a group of grayish atoms. Emarginations whitish. Tail black, linear, white at the extremity and on the sides. Under side paler, a narrow grayish band on the internal side of the marginal band of the primaries. Under side of secondaries differ considerably from the upper. The white marginal lunules are preceded by a black streak and the blue lunules by an equal number of grayish crescents. A slightly flexuous scarlet line, bordered with white, separates the two whitish bands. The bilobed spot is surmounted with white. Expands three inches. Southern States. Body blackish, with two whitish lines on the sides; antennx brown, with the lower side of the club blackish. Its flight is low, rapid, not sailing. PAPILIO. 9 Larva green, with the stigmata yellow and a tricolored transverse band in the fourth segment, black in the middle, and yellow behind. Feeds on Porcelia pygmaea and Anona palustris. Chrysalis ferruginous, with clearer lines and darker striz. - Botsp. 12. P. marcellus Cram. Boisd. et Lec. pl. Il. Cram. Pap. Exot. pl. 98. Esper, Pap. Eur. Part 1, pl. 51. P. ajax Hbnr. Resembling ajax but somewhat larger. Wings deeper black, transverse bands more narrow; secondaries more elongate; tail longer, the posterior half of which is whitish. The red anal spot is not bordered with white in front asin ajax. It sometimes forms a large round spot, sometimes a transverse ray, and again bilobed, or divided into two spots; no blue crescent between this red spot and the anal emargination ; all the whitish bands, more narrow on both sides, excepting that along the abdominal border, which is wider. All the other characters as in P. ajax. Southern States. Flight more graceful than that of P. qaz. The larva differs much from that of P. ajax. It has a whitish ground, striated transversely with violet, with a yellow semi-cir- cular band on the middle of each ring ; the band of the fourth ring is bordered before with black. Chrysalis ferruginous. Feeds on Porcelia pygmea. Boisp. Gray in Cat. Lep. Ins. Brit. Mus. considers P. ajax and P. mar- cellus to be Varieties of the same insect. This is now the opinion of all the collectors in this country. One of them declares that P. ajax is the spring, and P. marcellus the fall brood of the same species. J. G. M. 13. P. sinon Fab. Boisd. et Lec. pl. 3. Cram. pl. 318. Herbst, pl. 45. Drur. 1, pl. 22. (Drury’s fig. is not exact; Cramer’s, too green.) P. protesilaus Drur. P. celadon Lucas. Size of P. ajax, and analogous. Wings deep black, with the bands yellowish white, ordinarily a little greenish. The first, at the base, is linear and descends on the secondaries, even to the red spot; the second, of the same width, a little bent, widening on the se- condaries ; after this, there is a small, very narrow line, sometimes obsolete ; then, a band wide in the middle, bifid above, and termi- nating in a point on the disk of the secondaries; then, a small, short band, a whitish or greenish point, and finally, a marginal, 10 LEPIDOPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA. macular band composed of eight lunules. The secondaries have six whitish crescents, marginal, and a large, red, bilobed anal spot, placed a little obliquely and wider internally. Tail black, linear, whitish at the end. Under side of primaries, brownish, on which all the characters of the upper side are visible. Under side of the secondaries also presents the same bands as the opposite surface, but there is, besides, a red line placed on the black band between the two principal white bands; near the anal angle, this line is bent, as in P. ajax, but instead of widening, as in the latter to form two red lunules, it continues in the same width on the disk ; this line is bordered with white, but only in the place where it corresponds to the red spot above. Some grayish atoms above the two last white crescents. Body blackish, with two whitish rays on the thorax; abdomen blackish, annulated with white above, grayish below. Antenne blackish. Southern States. Larva unknown. P. sinon is easily distinguished from the neighboring species by its greenish bands, the macular posterior band; the red line on the under side not forming a crescent and the body annulated with white. Borsp. 14. P. celadon Lucas. Guér. Rev. Zool. 1852, 130. A little smaller than P. stron, with which it has been con- founded by Cramer. Upper side of wings, black, with bands ofa | clear green thus disposed ; the first, linear, common, running along the abdominal edge of the secondaries, nearly to the red spot of the anal angle ; the second, also common, descends a little lower on the secondaries; the third, very wide, principally in the secon- daries, common, and sending out on them two prolongations, which reach the costal edge; on the secondaries it does not extend beyond the intermediary band; the fourth, narrow, not passing the me- dian nervure of the secondaries; the fifth, smaller than the fourth, is placed beyond the summit of the discoidal cellule, and is divided into three spots by the nervures, which are of a russety brown; the sixth, macular, forming, on the second, a range of spots, more or less rounded, nearly marginal, but sinuous and not touching the posterior edge of the primaries, as in P. s‘non. Under side, like PAPILIO. 11 the upper, with the black inclining towards russety. The seconda- ries, besides the characters already mentioned, present a marginal range of lunules of a clear green and an anal spot of red vermilion, but much smaller than in P. stron. The external edge is denta- ted as in s¢non by a tail less long and entirely black; emargina- tions less bordered with whitish than in sézon. Under side rus- sety white, with the red spot more narrow than above. There is also a reddish, feeble line, which goes from the middle of the edge, without passing the superior nervure of the discoidal cellule; an- tenne black; palpi clothed with white hairs; head black, with a yellowish ray on each side, which continues on the sides of the tho- rax, thorax black: abdomen black, annulated with yellowish white on the sides; below, of this color, with a longitudinal narrow black ray. Expands 58 mill. California—Oregon ? Lucas. 15, P. arcesiJaus Lucas. Guér. Rey. Zool. 1852, 131. Male, a little smaller than P. ajax. Upper side brown black, with bands of a pale yellowish white thus disposed; first, linear, common, touching the abdominal edge of the secondaries so as nearly to join the red spot of the anal angle, from which it is sepa- rated only by a small line of black; the second is a little wider; the third, more narrow, not passing the discoidal cellule ; the fourth, very wide, bifid in parting from the median nervure: the fifth, yery short, wider and less elongated than the third; the sixth, nearly marginal, feeble, interrupted by the nervure; under side of a black more clear, with the same designs as above; upper side of secondaries deeper black, with the spot of yellowish white very large, occupying all the centre and losing itself posteriorly in a space powdered with yellowish; anteriorly, it is interrupted by a black band very short, which proceeds from the middle of the edge; the red spot is large, transverse, oblique and supported behind on two yellowish spots; the exterior edge presents a marginal space of yellow lunules, dentated ; tail black, yellow at the extremity. Under side resembles the upper, and has besides in the middle, a red sinuous ray, bordered with black on the internal side at its an- terior part, and slightly edged with this color on the external side ; the red transverse band is more narrow than on the upper side, edged with white behind, with the lunules of the anal angle pow- 12 LEPIDOPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA. dered with whitish atoms; tail much more edged with yellow on the internal side than above ; palpi yellowish white ; this color con- tinues on the sides of the thorax, whichis black. Abdomen black above, yellow in the sides or below—a ray in each side. California—Oregon? Expands 62 mill. Lucas. 16. P. machaon Zinn. Figured by most European authors. Upper side yellow, with a rather wide black border, sinuate within, divided on the primaries by a row of eight yellow marginal points and in the secondaries by a marginal row. of six lunules of the same color, of which four or five of the intermediary are largest ; all these lunules are preceded by an orbicular spot formed of blue atoms; the anal angle is marked by a reddish’ yellow ocular spot, surmounted by a whitish violet crescent. Primaries with four black spots along the upper edge, of which the outer one is the smallest and nearly round; the two following are transverse, not passing the median nervure; the fourth is very large, occupying all the base, and powdered with yellowish gray, as well as that part of the border comprised between the marginal points and the ground color; the branches of the median nerve black and dilated. Secondaries have a black are at the extremity of the discoidal cel- lule ; the abdominal edge black, powdered with yellowish ; the con- tour with short teeth and a black linear tail of moderate length, obtuse at the extremity, bordered with yellow in the internal side; emarginations bordered with yellow as well as the sinus of the pri- maries. Under side nearly similar to the upper with all the nervures black and the yellow more mingled with the black and occupying more space. ‘The blue spots of the secondaries are more narrow, somewhat lunulate; the second, third, and sometimes the sixth are each surmounted with a russety spot. Body yellow, with a dorsal band; antenne black. California—EHurope—Asia. Boisp. 17. P. villiersii Boisd. Boisd. et Lec. pl. 14. P. devilliersi Godt. Nearly same size as P. trodlus. Wings greenish blue, shining, dentated, emarginations white, a marginal range of bluish lunules, much smaller on the primaries than on the secondaries. Tail moderate, spatuilate. PARNASSIUS. 13 Under side of primaries, shining, blackish bronze to the middle, with an are of white spots at the end of the discoidal cellule, and a marginal range of silver white triangular spots. Under side of secondaries, brown, with the origin of the base and outer border, yellowish white; in the middle, three large, sil- ver spots. Towards the edge, a range of five to seven silver spots, separated from the external border by a black zigzag line, sur- mounted by ferruginous crescents, reposing on a deep bronze ground. Body black bronze, with white points on the prothorax, breast and sides of the abdomen. Southern States. Botsp. 18. P. polydamas Linn. Boisd. et Lec. pl. 15. Cram. Pap. pl. 211. Drury I, pl.17. Herbst, pl. 10. Seba Mus. p. 39. Merian, Surin. pl. 31. Lucas Hist. Nat. des Pap. Exot. pl. 17. Size of P. astertas. Wings greenish black, traversed towards the extremity by a band of yellow more or Jess pale, of moderate width, somewhat macular; formed, on the primaries, of cuneiform, point- ed spots, and on the secondaries, of cuneiform, truncated spots. The primaries sinuate, slightly dentate; the secondaries ' dentate. Emarginations yellow. Under side brown; that of the primaries more clear towards the base, with the same markings as above; that of the seconda- Ties is more obscure towards the extremity, with a marginal range of seven reddish brown spots, linear, transverse, a little flex- uous, of which the three outer are usually bordered with silver white. At the base, there is also a reddish spot. Body black, the prothorax, the sides of the breast, and of the ab- domen, with rufous spots or streaks. Georgia. Larva which lives on Aristolochia, is brown, with fleshy spines of the same color; the body radiated with red and each segment having, besides, four ocellated spots, half yellow, half red. Botsp. PARNASSIUS Larr. Head rather small; eyes not prominent: palpi longer than the head, elevated beyond the front, furnished with long and fine hairs, and composed of three distinct, equal articles; the first arcuate, 14 LEPIDOPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA. the second straight, the third linear; antenne short, terminating in a straight, ovoid, elongated club. Body thick, hairy ; abdomen of the female provided with a pouch or horny valve. Wings, parchment like, nerves prominent, not dentated, and nearly destitute of scales on the under side and to- wards the summit on the upper side. Secondaries have the abdo- minal edge sloped, leaving the abdomen entirely free. . Larva smooth, cylindroid, thick, with small tubercles, a little hairy. The first ring provided with a furcate tentacle of the shape of a Y. Head small, round. Ohrysalis cylindrico-conical, powdered with a bluish efflores- - cence, enveloped between leaves in a light tissue of silk and sus- tained by transverse threads. 1. P. clarius Eversm. Bullet. de Moscou, XVI, 539, fig. 1. Primaries white, with two black streaks in the discoidal cellule; the extremity semitransparent, gray, divided by a row of white spots; internal angle sometimes without spots and sometimes marked with a small blackish spot. ' | Secondaries white, with two small red ocelli; anal angle witha black are, often obsolete in the males. Under side of the secondaries with two ocelli as above; the base usually with the impression of red obsolete spots; the are of | the anal angle black or red. Body blackish, with whitish hairs, very short on the thorax; palpi covered with yellow hairs. The female has the anal are distinct, reddish on the under side; wings divided above by a blackish marginal festooned line; the horny pouch of the under side of the abdomen, large, entirely white and bordered with yellow hairs. Northern California. EVERSMAN.. 2. P. nomion Fisch. Fisch. Entomograph. de la Russie, II, pl. 6. Boisd. Icon. pl. 4, fig. 3. Godt. Dup. Suppl. pl. 43. Boisd. Spec. Gen. pl. 2. Gray. Cat. Lep. Ins. Brit. Mus. fig. 316, 409, 410. Base of the wings black ; transverse sinuous ray of the extremity well defined on all the wings; two spots between the discoidal cel- lule and this ray, on the primaries, marked with reddish; the spot on the middle of the internal edge has the middle of it reddish ; PARNASSIUS. 15; secondaries with a reddish spot at the base; abdominal edge covered with a space more deeply blackish, ascending in the form of an anchor or hook, to the extremity of the discoidal cellule ; fringe intersected with black; antenne strongly annulate with black. Female a little larger than the male, wings powdered with blackish ; pouch of the under side of the abdomen small, brownish, not prominent, formed of two wrinkled valves, separated by a longitu- dinal groove. Rocky Mountains. Botsp. 3. P, clodius Menetries. Voyage de M. Wosnesjensky. P. clarius, Boisd. Very near to P. clarius Eversm. but larger; wings of a dead white, a little yellowish (the transparent part and the row of spots on the external edge as in clarius.) On the under side, the primaries have the same black spots as in clarius, but the two discoidal spots of the anterior edge are very narrow ; the base is widely powdered with black ; near the internal edge there is a well defined small black spot. The secondaries have the base powdered with black, the two ocelli are small and irregularly round, pale reddish, with a deep black edge ; no anal spot. Under side paler white and glossy ; with the same markings as above but less distinct. \ The four spots at the base of the secondaries are pale red, each one limited outwardly by a black trait. (These spots do not oceur in P. clarius.) Towards the anal angle, there is a cuneiform spot of a similar red, with a black line above and below it, and near it and more outwardly, there is a black point. The whole body is covered with long, yellowish hairs, which on the front, the anterior of the thorax and under the abdomen are shorter, closer and russety. Expands three inches and a half. California. j MENETRIES. Fam. IJ. PIERIDAE. Larva slightly pubescent, somewhat attenuated at the extremity. Perfect insect with the abdominal edge of the secondaries without a concavity. Discoidal cellule closed. Hooks of the tarsi unidentate. 16 LEPIDOPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA. PIERIS Scar. off wae Head rather small, short ; eyes naked, moderate; palpi rather long, somewhat compressed, a little cylindrical, clothed with rigid hairs, slightly fasciculate ; the last article slender, nearly as long as the preceding, forming a small acicular point ; antennz moderate, | the joints distinct, the club ovoid compressed. Abdomen not ro- bust, a little shorter than the secondary wings. Wings moderately strong, the discoidal cellule closed; the internal ; edge of the secondaries convex, embracing more or less the lower part of the abdomen. Larva cylindrical, elongate, pubescent, marked with longitudinal rays and small granules more or less visible. Chrysalis angular, terminated before by a point more or less long, sometimes nearly smooth, and sometimes furnished with tubercles more or less sharp, attached by the tail and a transverse line. Pieris may easily be distinguished from the neighboring genera by the antenne not being truncated, the palpi less compressed, of which the last article is always nearly as long as the preceding ; by the less robust body and the wings more thin. They never q have those central silver or ferruginous spots which are always present on the discoidal cell of the under side of the wings of the true Colias. The prevailing color is white, more or less spotted with black. 1. P. monusta Hiibn. Samml. Exot. Boisd. et Lec. pl. 16. Hitbn. Pap. Exot. Cram. 151. P. orseis Godt. P. cleomes Boisd. Male. Upper surface of primaries, white with a black border, wider at the summit, serrated within. Upper surface of seconda-— ries, entirely white in the males. Under surface of primaries white, with the border pale brown, or yellow ochre. Under surface of secondaries, yellow ochry, more or less pale, with the border pale brown, and a saffron spot at the base. The female has an arcuated black line on the middle of the primaries, and a marginal series of black triangular spots in the secondaries. PIERIS. 1% Body white; thorax obscure; shoulders grayish ; neck ferrugi- nous. Antenne black, annulated with white; tip of the club greenish. Hxpands two to three inches. Larva violet, with longitudinal bands of citron; head, feet, and lower part of the body yellow—a little greenish. Chrysalis pale, yellowish, shaded with blackish, with a raised point on the back. Feeds on Cleome pentaphylla. Georgia to Brazil. Boisn. 2. P. protodice Boisd. Boisd. et Lec. 45, pl. 17. Male. Primaries white, with a large black trapezoidal spot near the upper edge, and an oblique, macular, black band; the summit, near the border, has four or five black triangular spots on the nervures. The upper side of the secondaries entirely white, sometimes with a small group of blackish atoms near the internal angle. The under side of the primaries resembles the upper, but the black markings are paler—a little greenish at the summit. The under side of the secondaries white, slightly tinted with yellow or greenish, with the nervures more pale or ochry; a slight blackish spot on the border of the discoidal cellule, besides a mar- ginal impression of dark atoms scarcely distinct from the ground color, Lhe female has the black of the primaries more intense; the secondaries are white, tinted with grayish; exterior edge dark, with five or six white trapezoidal spots. Under side washed with greenish brown in the nervures, and a submarginal band of the same color. Expands two and a half inches. United States. Borsp. P.sisymbrii Boisd. Ann. Soc. ent. 2me sér. X, 284. Upper side white; primaries with a subcostal spot; a trans- _ verse, interrupted ray, and some longitudinal streaks at the end of _ the nerves, blackish brown; secondaries without spots. Under side of primaries similar to the upper, except the streaks, _ which are powdered with greenish brown. 2 18 LEPIDOPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA. Under side of secondaries white, with the nerves widely edged with greenish brown, dilated towards the marginal edge, and nearly united between this edge and the ceilule by a transverse ray ; obsolete, more or less interrupted. California—rare. Botsp. P. leucodice Eversm. Figured in Bulletin, Moscow, XVI, pl. 7; f. 2. Wings on both sides white; nerves black; primaries on both sides, with the usual median spot, occupying the transverse nervure and external fascia, black; secondaries below, with the external fascia, blackish. Northwestern America. EVERSMANN. P. autodice /iibn. Samml. Exot. Boisd. Spec. Gén. 539. Upper side of the male white; primaries, with some marginal triangular blackish marks at the summit, preceded by a macular transverse ray of the same color; a black oblong spot in the form of a transverse ray on the extremity of the discoidal cellule. Upper side of female white, a little yellowish, with a marginal row of black triangular marks on the four wings, nearly touching, preceded by a sinuous row of sagittate spots, of which the con- cavity is turned inwards; the black spot of the discoidal cellule of the primaries is large, quadrangular, and a little prolonged on the upper edge. Under side of the primaries differs from the upper.in having the discoidal spot ent by a white vein; in having the summit of a pale yellow, with the marginal marks less distinct, paler, and each one divided by a whitish gray nervure. Under side of secondaries pale yellow in both sexes, with the nervures whitish gray, slightly edged with blackish, a little dilated on the posterior edge; a transverse ray of six sagittate spots, ‘blackish, corresponding to those on the upper side of the female; the upper edge, and two points at the base, saffron yellow; a vein of the same color, but paler in the discoidal cellule, and another not far from the abdominal edge, a little mingled; a small white space on the extremity of the discoidal cellule, and a small black- ish, oblong spot, pupilled with whitish, situated between the costal and subcostal nervure. PIERIS. 19 Body whitish ; head saffron yellow; antenne black, annulated with white, with the club greenish white. California—Chili. 3. P. oleracea Harr. Ins. Mass. (1842), 214. All the wings white; base of the primaries dusky. Inder side of primaries yellowish at apex; nervures darkish. Under side of secondaries straw color, with broad dusky nery- ures ; base, deep yellow. Body black ; antennz blackish, annulated with white; ochry at the end of the club. > Northern States. —Expands two inches. Harris. P. casta Kirdy.—P. cruciferarum Boisd. Spec. Gén. 519. Figured in Kirby Faun. Bor. Amer., IV, pl. 3. Antenne black, annulated with white; wings white; primaries, at the anterior margin, sprinkled with blackish ; secondaries, under- neath, with a few scattered black scales accompanying the nervures; wings rounded and very entire. Kirsy. P. menapia Felder. Wiener Entom. Monatschrift, III, No. 9, 271. Wings tender, white; veins black at the base; elongate; con- colored ; costal streak and apical edge black ; this edge profoundly sinuate within, and divided on the under side with six (in the male five) large white spots. Secondartes of the male with a submarginal streak, flexuous ; blackish above, with black points situated at the extreme of the veins; below more distinct. Secondaries of the female with the same streak, but much more distinct and obscure; below, the veins widely margined with fus- cous; the costa, the basal and other spots a little livid; abdomen above blackish, below whitish. Utah. FELDER. 20 LEPIDOPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA. ANTHOCARIS Boisp. Head rather small, short; eyes moderate, a little prominent ; palpi rather long, somewhat divergent, bristled with stiff hairs, somewhat fasciculate; last article thin, very distinct, acicular, scarcely as long as the preceding; antenne rather short, joints distinct, terminated more or less abruptly by an ovoid, compressed club. Abdomen not robust, a little shorter than the secondaries. Wings delicate, discoidal cellule closed; the secondaries lightly embracing the under part of the abdomen. i Larva slender, pubescent, attenuated at both extremities. Chrysalis naked, navicular; rings immovable, carinated, more or less arcuated, destitute of lateral points; attached by the tail and a transverse line. Anthocaris differs from Pzerts in the form of the chrysalis, which is navicular, equally attenuated at both ends, and in the antenne | of the perfect insect. It can easily be distinguished from the .| allied genera by the delicate texture of the wings and the auroral or reddish spot which covers more: or less of the summit of the — | primaries, at least of the males in two of our species. 1. A. genutia Vad. Ent. Syst. II, 1, 193. Lherminieri (fem.) Godt. A. Midea? Hiibn. . Wings white; primaries, with external border concave, and the summit pale orange; upper edge near the base, sprinkled with grayish, a small black point near the middle. The fringe of the secondaries bordered with a range of small black spots. Under side of primaries white, with the summit greenish, small black point in the middle. Under side of secondaries marbled with green. Expands an inch and an eighth. The female is destitute of the orange summit, but has blackish spots along that edge. ‘The black spot on the middle of the primaries is larger than in the male. Southern States. Boisp. NATHALIS. 21 2. A. lanceolata Boisd. Ann. Soc. ent. 2me sér. X, 284. A little larger than A. genutia, but destitute of the auroral spot in the male as well as in the female. Upper side white ; primaries with a black spot at one end of the discoidal cellule, and at the other, some brownish black streaks. Under side of primaries with the costal spot as above, and the summit reticulated with greenish gray. Under side of secondaries entirely marbled and finely reticulated with greenish gray, with the edge marked with some small white spots, of which one is largest.. California—rare. . Borsp. 3. A. sara Boisd. Aun. Soc. ent. 2me sér. X, 285. Upper side white, or white slightly tinted with yellow; that of the primaries marked at the summit with a large triangular orange red spot, bordered with black; the black spot of the discoidal cellule is connected with the black border. Upper side of the secondaries transparently showing the mark- ings of the opposite side, and with some blackish, marginal spots, more or less distinct. Under side of primaries a little more pale than above. Under side of secondaries finely pointed, and marbled with white and greenish, like A. genutia. The females with a paler spot, not edged with black, and divided at the extremity by a series of sulphury white marginal points. California. Borsp. NATHALIS Boisp. Head rather large, bristled; palpi long, separate, extending beyond the eyes, covered with stiff hairs; second article long, the last much shorter than the preceding ; antenne very short, joints distinct, terminated abruptly by an oval, flattened club, a little truncated at the summit; body moderate. Abdomen as long as the secondaries. Wings not robust, discoidal cellule closed ; the secondaries embrace a portion of the under side of the abdomen ; the anterior border, in the male, with a small, oval, glandular, naked impression. 22 LEPIDOPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA. It differs from Terias by its long, separate, and bristly palpi; from Anthocaris and Pieris, by the shortness of the antenne, and especially by the small glandular space mentioned above. 1. N. iole Boisd. Spec. Gén. I, 589. Wings saffron yellow; the primaries have at the summit a black, rather large, triangular space, marked on the side with two small yellow streaks. Below this space, not far from the internal angle, a spot of the same color, surmounted by a small black point. Secondaries. without spots, or with the border, with small, blackish, separate lines, nearly obsolete ; the costal border blackish, marked with a lenticular space of dull gray, partly denuded. The under side of the primaries differs from the upper, the ground color being paler, except along the side, where it is orange yellow; there is a small, discoidal, black point, and below the apical blackish space there are three blackish spots. The wnder side of the secondaries is greenish yellow, strongly powdered with obscure atoms, especially towards the base, with two transverse obsolete lines, formed by the condensed atoms. Body blackish, powdered with yellowish atoms ; antenne short, blackish, annulated with whitish, with the chub much compressed, and of a russety tint. Expands one inch. Texas. Boisp. 2. N. irene Fitch. “Differs from WV. cole in having the under side of the primaries destitute of a blackish central dot, and of the three blackish spots towards their inner angle, the hindmost one is here prolonged into a broad stripe extending to the base of the wing, and slightly separated from its inner edge; and the base of the wing instead of its outer edge is orange yellow.” Mississippi Valley. ¥rrcu. RHODOCERA Boisp. Head small, retracted; eyes naked, not prominent; palpi much compressed, contiguous, furnished with short hairs, scaly; last article very short; antennz rather short, ¢rwneated, more or less RHODOCERA. 23 arcuated, enlarging from the middle to the extremity; thorax rather robust, covered with fine silky hairs. Wings rather robust, dis- coidal cellule closed. The primaries always have the summit more or less sharp and angular; the secondaries sometimes furnished with a prominent angle, forming a groove, which embraces the lower part of the body ; body shorter than the secondaries. Larva feebly pubescent, attenuated at both extremities, green, with a paler lateral ray. Chrysalis much arcuated, spindle-shaped at both ends; always attached by the tail, and a transverse line over the body. Rhodocera strongly resembles the next genus, Callidryas ; but it differs from that in the arcuated antenne and angular wings. The ground color is yellow, more or less pale. Ordinarily, there is a ferruginous spot at the extremity of the cellule of each wing. The median nervure of the secondaries is more prominent than in the other genera. The males differ from the females in the more lively yellow of the wings. In the American species, the costal border of the primaries of the males is hispid, and rough to the touch. I. R. maerula Fab. E.S. III, 1,212. Figured in Cram. Pap. II, pl. 129. Iibst. Pap. pl. 103. Donov. Gen. illust. of Ent. pl. 2. Boisd. et Lec. 71, pl. 23. RA. eclipsis Cram. Hbst. Yellow citron above, with a black point on the middle of the primaries, and one of pale orange, slightly circled with black on the secondaries. The primaries are somewhat falcate at the summit; along the outer border, a range of small orange points; secondaries, angular. Under side paler than the upper; discoidal spot of each wing ferruginous, and marked with a white point. Body of same color as the wings; antenne reddish Female, more lively yellow than male. Expands three and a half inches. Southern States. Boisp. 24 LEPIDOPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA. 2. R.lyside Godt. Encyc. Méthod. IX, 93. Upper side whitish green; primaries, with the base, yellowish orange, and the summit washed with yellow russety. Secondaries, without spots. Under side of primaries a little paler than the upper, with the summit somewhat broader russety. Under side of inferiors yellowish, without spots, the median nervure very prominent ; antenne short, grayish rosy, with the end of the club ferruginous. Female whiter, with the upper side of the secondaries ochry yellow, and the base of the primaries deprived almost entirely of the yellow spot. Southern States. GopDARt. 3. R. rhamni Zinn. Figured in Boisd. Spec. Gén. pl. 2, B. fig. 7. Upper side of the male citron yellow, that of the female greenish white, with an orange point on the extremity of the discoidal cellule of each wing, and some very small indistinct ferruginous points on the fringe. Under side of the male paler than the upper; the discoidal orange spot is replaced in both sexes by a ferruginous point, a little whitish in its centre. Body blackish above, yellowish below, with white silky hairs on the thorax and at the base of the abdomen. Expands over two inches. California. Boisp. CALLIDRYAS Borsp. Inferior palpi much compressed, with short hairs; last article conical, much shorter than the preceding; antennz of moderate length, neatly truncated at the extremity, slightly arcuated, enlarg- ing insensibly from the base to the extremity. Prothorax rather long. Body robust. Abdomen much shorter than the secondaries. Wings robust, discoidal cellule closed; secondaries forming a groove which embraces the under side of the body. The Callidryas vary in color from orange yellow to pale saffron. Their wings, always destitute of angles, ordinarily have on the — CALLIDRYAS. 25 under side, at least in the females, one or two silvery or ferruginous points. They are distinguished from Colias and Rhodoceras by the absence of the rough costal edge of the primaries of the males, of the prominent angles, and by the form of the antenne. The sexual difference is very striking, and this has led some writers to describe the two sexes as different species. 1. C. eubule Zinn. Figured in Boisd. Spec. Gén. pl. 2, B. fig. 6. Cram. 120. A. B.163. A.B.C. Boisd. et Lec. 74, pl. 24. Sm. Abb. I, pl. 5. C. marcellina Cram. Boisd. in Boisd. et Lec. p. 75, following the example of the old authors, confounded this species with C. marcellina, making the latter the male; but a subsequent comparison of the darve con- vinced him of his error. Male.— Upper side yellow citron, with a thin indistinet border of yellow, more dull and dentated on the primaries; the fringe of all the wings is marked by distant ferruginous small points. Under side more deeply yellow ; primaries, with two ferruginous, geminate points at the end of the discoidal cellule, followed by a transverse, brownish, zigzag ray. Under side of secondaries, with two discoidal, silvery points, circled with ferruginous, situated on a sinuous, brownish line, pre- ceded by red ferruginous points, more or less distinct, and followed by a tortuous, brownish, indistinct line. Female, or C. eubule of authors, of a more vivid yellow; se- eondaries rounded, fringe orange, interrupted by transverse brown lines or spots. Primaries, with a large brown spot on the middle, cut by an orange arc; border narrow, brown, crenulate, preceded towards the summit by a tortuous, blackish, indistinct ray. Under side more intensely yellow than the male, with the same markings more prominent and more ferruginous; the primaries have two discoidal, united silvery points; the secondaries have a part of the points of the base united in a tortuous line, so that they have three tortuous, transverse rays, of which the middle one is joined with that of the primaries. Body yellowish, with greenish hairs on the thorax; antenne, and under side of the last article of the palpi, rose brown. Ex- pands about two and three quarter inches. Florida. Boisp. 26 LEPIDOPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA. 2. C. marcellina Fab. E. 58. III, 1,209. Figured in Donov. Nat. Repos. pl. 6. Sm. Abb. I, pl. 5. Boisd. et Lec. pl. 24. C. eubule et mar- cellina Godt. It is almost impossible to distingnish this species from C. ewbule. The most positive character is, that the secondaries are less rounded, and the anal angle more prominent. The wiper sde of the male is similar to that of C. ewbule; but the under side bas the points and tortuous lines more obsolete; the geminate ferruginous points of the primaries are replaced by a red or ferruginous point, eut by a small yellow nervure; and the two discoidal, silvery points of the secondaries, are a little smaller. The upper side of the female has the same designs as Hubule, only that the secondaries have the posterior border very indistinctly marked by small brown lines or spots. Under side similar to C. eubule, only that it is ordinarily anne with small ferruginous atoms. Larva deep citron yellow, punctured with black, and a blue transverse ray on each segment; abdomen below and feet yellow, with a lateral range of small blue lines above the feet. Feeds on Cassia. Southern States. Bois. COLIAS Fas. Inferior palpi much compressed, covered with short silky hairs, rose red; last article much shorter than the preceding; antenne straight, short, rose red, terminating in an obtuse cone, which extends more than a fourth of their length. Abdomen shorter than the secondaries; thorax robust; color more or less lively yellow; border black. Colias differs from Péer’s in the shorter antenne, insensibly terminating in an obconical club; in the black border common to all the wings; in the primaries, usually having a black discoidal point, and the secondaries a central point, orange above and ordinarily silvery below, accompanied by another small point, in a small reddish or ferruginous spot on the insertion of the median nerve, at the base of secondaries below. COLIAS. QF Larva smooth, slightly pubescent, a little attenuated at the extremities. Chrysalis carinated above, not arcuate, destitute of lateral points, terminating anteriorly in a point; always attached by the tail, and a transversal line placed below the middle of the body. 1. C. caesonia Godt. Encyc. Méthod. IX,98. Figured in Boisd. et Lec. 67, pl. 22. Stoll. Suppl. Cram. pl. 41. Lucas, Hist. Nat. des Pap. Exot. pl. 39. C. philippa? Fab. ' Wings beautiful yellow; primaries, with the summit, very sharp, ‘sometimes a little falcate. Primaries vlackish at the base, a large black point in the middle; a wide black border, sinuate, or rather emarginate inte- riorly, making the yellow part bear a rude resemblance to a dog’s head, of which the black point forms the eye. On the upper edge, near the summit, are three whitish oblong streaks. Fringe rosy. Secondaries with a black border strongly dentated within; two large geminate discoidal orange spots, and some streaks of the same color near the border. Fringe yellow, washed with rosy. Under side of the primaries dull yellow, except in the middle ; a black eye with a silvery pupil. Under side of secondaries deep yellow, with two silvery, dis- coidal, geminate points, circled with ferraginous; besides this, a transverse line of ferruginous points, as in most of the species. Body blackish above; yellowish below; antenne reddish. The female is of yellow, less bright; the border of the primaries is of black, less deep, with some indistinct yellow streaks; the border of the secondaries is interrupted, and the surface here and there presents some traces of rosy. Expands two inches and a half. Larva green, with a lateral white band, punctured with yellow; besides this band, there is on each segment a transverse black band, bordered with yellow. Feeds on different species of Zrifo- lium. Southern States Boisp. 2. C. edusa Fab. Ent. System. Godt. Encye. IX, 103. Figured in most of the European works on this subject. Wings yellow, inclining to fulvous, more or less mingled with _ greenish on the secondaries. 28 LEPIDOPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA. The primaries have a large black point at the extremity of the discoidal cellule, and a wide border of the same color, sinuated interiorly, a little dilated at the summit, and divided at this part by jine yellow nervures; the secondaries have on the disk an orange spot, and at the extremity a black border following that on the. primaries, more or less sinuated within, and terminating in a point a little before the anal angle. Under side of the primaries differs from the upper in being a little more pale; all the part corresponding to the border is yellowish green, preceded by a transverse line of points, of which the three inferior are black, and the others ferruginous and. smaller. The under side of the secondaries is yellowish green, with two geminate, discoidal, silvery points, bordered with ferruginous cor- responding to the orange spot, of which the outer is the smaller ; besides this, there is a reddish line at the base, on the insertion of the median nerve; a small ferruginous spot on the costal edge, followed by a transverse line of ferruginous points in a line with those of the primaries. The fringe of all the wings is yellow, interrupted with brown above and rosy below. Gody yellow greenish; back black; antennz and feet rosy. The female differs from the male in having the border divided by a yellow band, macular, interrupted on the primaries. Larva, which feeds on Zrifolium, is green, with a lateral ray mingled with white and yellow, marked with a fulvous point on each ring. Chrysalis green, with a lateral yellow line and some ferruginous points. Inhabits the four quarters of the globe. Borsp. 3. C. chrysotheme J/iibn. Pap. 426-8. Figured in Boisd. Spec. Gén. pl. 2, B. fig. 5. Boisd. Icones, pl. 9, fig. 34. Hiibn. Europ. Schmett. pl. 85. tesembles OC. edusa, but paler; border browner, divided by fine | yellow nervures. The primaries are broadly yellow on the edge; — the discoidal point more narrow, transverse, surrounded with ferru- ginous. The discoidal spot on the under side of the primaries has a silvery pupil. In the female the yellow orange occupies only the disk of the COLIAS. 29 primaries, and the yellow spots which divide the border are larger, more distinct, and paler. Inhabits North America and Europe. Boisp. 4. C. philodice Godt. Encyc. Méth. I1X,100. Figured in Boisd. et Lec. 64, pl. 21. Swains. Zool. Ilust. Ist series, pl. 60. Lucas, Hist. Nat. des Pap. Exot. pl. 39. C. anthyale Hiibn. Upper side canary yellow, with a black border, slightly sinuous within, and terminating on the secondaries, a little before the anal angle. Primaries, with a black point near the upper edge. Secondaries, with a pale orange point on the disk. Under side of primaries canary yellow, with the edge and ex- tremity a little russety; the discoidal point usually pupilled with white. The under side of the secondaries is yellow, a little russety, with two geminate, discoidal, silvery points, bordered with ferruginous, of which the outer one is the smaller; parallel to the outer edge of both wings there is a series of ferruginous points. The fringe of the four wings is rosy below; more dull above. Body and antenne as in the other species. The female has the border less black, a little wider, a little dilated at the summit, divided on the primaries by a macular band interrupted by the ground color; the discoidal point pupilled with whitish above. A female variety is sometimes found with wings nearly white. Inhabits the United States. Borsp. 5. C. amphidusa Boisd. Ann. Soc. Ent. 2me sér. X, 286. Wings with the border of the same form and width as edusa; slightly powdered with yellowish atoms, and divided at the summit of the primaries by three or four fine yellow nerves. The upper edge slightly powdered with citron yellow. Female, sulphury white. California, Botsp. 6. C. eurytheme Boisd. Ann. Soc. Ent. 2me sér. X. Perhaps only a variety of CO. chrysotheme. Usually much larger, of a brighter orange fulvous, with the yellow nervures less numerous. The spots which divide the border 30 LEPIDOPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA. of the secondaries in the females are less neat and less distinet than in C. chrysotheme. California, Mexico, and some of the States. Boisp. 7. C.pelidne Boisd. Boisd. et Lec. 66, pl. 21. Upper side of all the wings yellow, inclining a little to greenish, with a black border, regularly sinuated on the internal side, and . ending on the secondaries towards the middle of their outward seam. Under side of the primaries is paler, with the edge powdered with darker atoms, and an oval, central, elongated point, pupilled with reddish. Under side of the secondaries is greenish yellow, with a rounded, © central, reddish point, surmounted by another much smaller point of the same color. The base also has a reddish point. The fringe.of all the wings is red; antenne yellowish rosy, with the knob brownish above and yellowish below. Labrador. Boisp. 8. C. phicomone Godt. Encyc. Méthod. IX, 100. Upper side greenish yellow in the male; greenish white in the female, covered in both sexes with a blackish powder, usually less abundant in the disk of the primaries, marked with a black dis- coidal point; a rather wide blackish border, and divided by a range of spots of the ground color. Secondarzes have also a black border, divided by a band of the ground color; but the black often disappears, especially in the female, so that the border is formed by a yellow or whitish band; a discoidal yellow spot. Under side of the primaries white, more or Jess greenish, with the summit russety yellow; a silver discoidal point, bordered with ferruginous, sometimes united to a smaller point; a small ferrugi- nous spot on the insertion of the median nervure and the costal edve. Labrador. Boisp. 9. C. nastes Poisd. Spec. Gén. I, 648. Smaller than C. phicomone, but very similar to it. Under side yellow, a little greenish, powdered as in phicomone, with the fringe and the edge of the primaries a little more rosy ; COLIAS. sl primaries with a blackish borders insensibly mingling with the yellow, divided by small elliptical yellow spots, placed on the nervures ; a black discoidal point, sometimes ocellated. Seconda- ries nearly like phtcomone. Under side of the primaries white, more or less greenish, with the summit yellowish, and a black discoidal point, pupilled with whitish. Under side of the secondaries greenish yellow, covered with a fine blackish dust from the base to beyond the middle, and marked at the extremity of the discoidal cellule with a solitary small spot of a ferruginous reddish, pupilled with russety white. Antenne red, with the under side of the club yellow. Female whitish above, less powdered with blackish atoms than the female of © phicomone, with the border of the primaries divided by regular elliptical spots. Labrador. Borsp. 10. C. hyale Linn. _ Figured in Fischer Entom. de la Russie, pl. 11. C. palaeno Fisch. Upper side saffron yellow, with a large black point at the end of the discoidal cellule of the primaries, and a pale orange spot, a little bilobed, on the disk of the secondaries. Primaries with a black border at the extremity, widened at the summit; cut its whole length by a suite of spots of the ground color, of which the _ two intermediary are less distinct, and the following ones some- times mingled with the general tint. Secondaries with a blackish border, narrow, often macular, and sometimes nearly obsolete, especially in the males. Under side of the primaries has no border, summit yellow, a little russety, preceded by a transverse line of blackish points. Under side of secondaries entirely russety yellow, with two geminate points, discoidal, silvery, bordered with ferruginous, cor- responding to the orange spot of the upper side, of which the exterior is the smallest; besides this, a small reddish mark at the base, a small ferruginous spot on the costal edge, followed by a transverse line of ferruginous points, on a line with those of the primaries. Fringe reddish, as well as the upper edge. Body yellow, with the head ferruginous; palpi, antennz, and feet reddish. 32 LEPIDOPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA. Female pale saffron yellow, and nearly white above. California—Hurope—A frica—Siberia. Boisp. ll. C. vosnesenski Ménétriés. Figured in Cat. Petersburg Imper. Acad. Cie edie Nearly the size of C. caesonia; but the primaries are much more pointed at the summit, and the external edge more falcate. The primaries have a beautiful, vivid, yellow spot on the disk; a violet reflection over all the wing; base powdered with black, as well as the whole length of the anterior edge; a black discoidal point; the black border of the external edge is wider than in GC. caesonia; it is emarginated, square, somewhat, as in this species, but it encroaches more on the yellow spot so as to nearly touch the discoidal point, which completely destroys: the likeness to a dog’s head, so distinctly marked in C. caesonia., The fringe is rosy, with some yellow spots on each side of the summit. The secondaries are beautiful citron yellow, covered over with orange yellow without any spot, only that the trace of the dis- coidal point of the under side is indicated by an orange point. The under side of the four wings as in C. caesonia, only that the — discoidal point of the primaries is smaller, and the second silver point of the secondaries is larger. Head black; antenne reddish; thorax black, with some scattered yellow hairs. Body black, a little yellowish below. California. MEneETRIE£s. TERIAS Swains. Head short, inclined, somewhat concealed under the costal edge of the primaries; eyes naked; palpi very short, covered with short hairs, scaly.; last article small, thin, naked, much shorter than the | preceding ; antenne slender, articulation distinct, terminating in an ovotd or conic club, a little arcuate, slightly compressed late- rally. Body rather slender; prothorax very short. Abdomen com- pressed, extending the length of the secondaries. Wings thin, | TERIAS. 33 delicate, rather wide, discoidal cellules closed; primaries having the costal edge strongly arcuate towards the base; the seconda- ries embracing the abdomen below. This genus has been sometimes confounded with Pver’s and again with Colias. It differs from the first in having the palpi furnished with shorter and more closely set hairs, and the last article very short. It differs from the second in the delicate texture, the arcuate antenne, the laterally compressed club, and the wings destitute of the discoidal silvery spots below. The thin and delicate wings are usually yellow, with the summit of the primaries deep black, contrasting agreeably with the ground color. 1. T. nicippe Fab. Ent. Syst. IH, 1, 208. Figured in Cram. Pap. pl. 210. Herbst. Pap. pl. 107. Boisd. et Lec. 55, pl. 20. Say’s Amer. Ent. pl. 30. Lucas’ Hist. Nat. des Pap. Exot. pl. 38. Upper side lively yellow orange, with a wide black commons border, sinuate within, wider at the summit of the primaries, where it is surmounted on the upper edge with three or four small yellow streaks. The primaries also have on the extremity of the discoidal cellule a small black crescent, and the upper edge towards the base is densely sprinkled with black. Under side of primaries paler. Under side of secondaries yellow, with brown atoms; a small discoidal black dot; a brownish spot on the middle of the costal edge ; then a transverse band, undulate, more or less brownish. Female differs from the male in being paler and often of a yellow color; the black border of the primaries suddenly ceases a Little before the internal angle, and that on the secondaries is partly effaced towards the anal angle. Larva, which feeds on Cassia and Trifolium, is pale green, with a dorsal ray more obscure, and a lateral white band, marked before with five yellow points. Ohrysalis green, a little arcuate, sprinkled with ferruginous spots. United States.—Expands a little over two inches. Borsp. \ 34 LEPIDOPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA. 2. T. lisa Boisd. Boisd. Spec. Gén. I, 661. Figured in Boisd. et Lec. 53, pl. 19. Boisd. Spec. Gen. pl. 2. ZT. smilax Godt. Wings citron yellow above. Primaries have the base powdered with blackish; a small black discoidal point; a black border, beginning at the middle of the upper edge, dilated at the summit, and dentated within the whole length. Secondaries have a narrow black border, dentated within, obso- lete towards the anal angle. ° Fringe of all the wings rosy above. Under side of primaries yellow, with a small black discoidal point, and the upper edge embroidered with reddish. Under side of secondaries yellow, sprinkled with obscure atoms, with three small blackish points, of which one is on the base, and — two on the disk; a blackish, undulate, transverse, macular ray, followed on the external angle by a roundish, ferruginous spot. The four wings are edged with red ferruginous, interrupted by small black points, and separated from the fringe by a thin line of esilver white. Female pale saffron yellow, with the base of the superiors more densely powdered with blackish. Larva, which feeds on Cassia and Glycina, is green, with four — longitudinal whitish rays. Chrysalis green. Southern States. —Expands nearly two inches. Boisp. 3. T. delia Cram. Figured in Cram. Pap. Exot. pl. 273. Herbst. pl. 17. Boisd. et Lec. pl. 18. ZY. daira Godt. Primaries citron yellow, with a wide black border, dentated within, ending abruptly before reaching the internal angle. Upper edge sprinkled with blackish ; a blackish longitudinal band, rather wide, parallel to the internal edge, bordered with marigold below, and not extending to the internal angle. Secondaries yellow; a black, marginal, triangular spot on the outer angle, in a line with some small, indistinct, marginal points or streaks of the same color, situated on the extremity of the nervures. : Fringe of all the wings above rosy. Under side of primaries yellow, with the edge and summit wine red, and two small black discoidal points. TERIAS. 35D Under side of secondaries wine red, two small blackish discoidal points, and a transverse, undulate, brownish, interrupted band. The female is destitute, or nearly so, of the black Jongitudinal band, and of the marginal, marigold line. The base is sprinkled with blackish. — Larva, which feeds on Trifolium, Cassia, and Glycine, is green, with a longitudinal white line on each side above the feet. Chrysalis green. Southern States.—Expands an inch and a half. Boisp. 4. T.jucunda Boisd. Boisd. Spec. Gén. 1, 665. Figured in Boisd. et Lec. pl. 19. Primaries like those of 7. delia, except that the fringe is white, and the ground color of a less lively yellow. Secondaries yellow saffron, with a blackish border, a little sinu- ated within, and nearly obsolete before reaching the anal angle. Under side of primaries yellow in the middle; other parts whitish, sprinkled with grayish atoms. Under side of secondaries white, finely aspersed with grayish. Female paler ; primaries densely powdered with blackish, desti- tute of the marigold line; border of secondaries a little wider, and sometimes interrupted by yellow streaks. N. America.—Expands about an inch. Boisp. T. proterpia Boisd. Boisd. Spec. Gén. 654. Figured in Lucas’ Hist. Nat. des Pap. Exot. pl. 38. Upper side orange red in the male, and russety yellow ochre in most of the females; nervures black towards the extremity. Pri- maries, with a black border along the upper edge, rather wide, continuing more or Jess on the outer edge. Secondaries without a border, or with a blackish border effaced; outer edge angular in the middle. Under side of all the wings paler than on the upper; that of the _ primaries without border or spots, that of the secondaries more or _ less sprinkled on the disk with spots or atoms a little more obscure, sometimes nearly obsolete. The nervures of the ground color, or only those of the primaries blackish at the extremity. Secondaries without any border, with the exterior angle much more prominent and prolonged, in the 4 form of a tail. 36 LEPIDOPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA. Under side of secondaries more densely sprinkled or speckled with atoms and ferruginous spots. Texas—Mexico.—Expands 18 to 22 French lines. Boisp. T. mexicana Boisd. Boisd. Spec. Gén. 679. Figured on pl. 3, C. fig. 1, of Boisd. Spec. Gén. Wings brilliant citron yellow; primaries with a black border at the extremity, rather wide, ending squarely at the internal angle, showing near the middle a rather deep quadrangular sinus; the outer edge slightly sinuate, and whitish ; secondaries, with the middle of the exterior edge prolonged to a prominent angle, in the form of a tail; a black border of moderate width, a little dentated on its internal side, uot reaching the internal angle; costal edge washed with orange yellow, mingling with the ground color. Under side of the primaries pale citron yellow, with a black central point, the edge intersected with brown points; the outer edge reddish near the fringe. Under side of secondaries yellow, sprinkled with ferruginous atoms, with a blackish central point; edge intersected with ferru- ginous points, and marked near the external angle with a spot of the same color; the posterior half having four or five other spots of the same color, of which two or three are in a line, and tending to form a transverse band; the middle of the outer edge more or less washed with ferruginous, Female differs from the male in the upper side being yellowish white, with a wider border, the quadrangular sinus more profound; the anterior edge of the secondaries widely orange yellow, and below, three ferruginous posterior spots form on the secondaries a narrow, transverse, ferruginous band. Texas—Louisiana—Mexico. Boisp. Fam. III. DANAIDAE. Larva smooth, cylindric, with five pairs of simple, fleshy, flexible processes. Chrysalis rather short, cylindric, with brilliant golden spots. Perfect insect ; palpi separated; thorax and pectus with spots. Wings wide, discoidal cellule closed. Hooks of the tarsi simple. DANAIS. 3T DANAIS Botsp. Head a little more narrow than the thorax; antenne rather long, insensibly terminating in a club; palpi remote, with the last article short, acicular, and straight; white points on the head, prothorax, thorax, and breast. Abdomen rather thin, nearly as long as the secondaries. Wings wide, with the outer edge some- what sinuate. Secondaries of the males have usually, towards the anal angle, a very black spot or tubercle, divided by a grayish ray in relief, placed on the extremity of the nervure. Our two species have two ranges of whitish points on the blackish border of the wings. 1. D. berenice Cram. Figured in Cram. Pap. pl. 205. Sm: Abb. vol. IJ, pl. 7. Boisd. et Lec. pl. 39. WD. erippus Godt. Fab. D. gilippus Sm. Abb. Godt. Wings rufous brown, often more obscure at the base, with a black border extending from the upper edge of the primaries to the anal angle of the secondaries. The primaries have on both sides a number of white spots on the upper edge and disk, forming usually two marginal ranges, of which the outer divides the border. The secondaries have sometimes the black border without any points, and sometimes it is divided by one or even two ranges of white points. The under side of the primaries differs very little from the upper; but the under side of the inferiors is divided by wide black veins, bordered with whitish. The disk has three or four white points, situated on the edge of the discoidal cellule. The black marginal border is divided by two rows of white points. The nervures on the upper surface of the secondaries in the female are finely lined with grayish white. The larva, which feeds on Nerium, Asclepias, &e., is whitish violet, with transverse stripes of a deeper color; a transverse band of reddish brown, on each ring, divided in its length by a narrow yellow band. Along the feet a longitudinal band of yellow citron. Long, fleshy processes, of brown purple, disposed in pairs on the second, fifth, and eleventh rings. Chrysalis green, with golden points on the anterior side, and a 38 LEPIDOPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA, semicircle of the same color on the dorsal side, a little beyond the middle, separated from a blue band by a row of small black dots. Southern States. —Expands three and three quarter inches. Borsp. , 2. D. archippus Sm. Abb. Figured in Sm. Abb. vol. I, pl. 6. Cram. 206. Hiibn. Exot. Samml. Say’s Amer. Ent. III, pl. 54. Boisd. et Lec. 137, pl. 40. D. megalippe Hiibn. The four wings somewhat sinuate, fulvous above, with a rather brilliant reflection; all the wings entirely margined with deep black, having, in fresh specimens, a bluish reflection; nervures same color. The summit of the primaries has three oblong, fulvous spots, preceded by eight or ten smaller, white or yellowish white extending to the middle of the upper edge. ‘Two rows of white spots on the outer borders of all the wings; occasionally the inner row is ferruginous. The fourth nervure of the secondaries has a large black spot or tubercle. The under side presents the same markings as the upper, but the points of the posterior edge are larger and all white. The ground color of the secondaries is nankin yellow, with the nervures slightly bordered with whitish. The emarginations of all the wings white. Body black, with yellowish points on the thorax and breast. The female has wider nervures, and is destitute of the black tuberculous spot on the secondaries. Larva whitish, transversely fasciated with black and yellow. It has two pairs of fleshy processes, blackish, of which the anterior pair are situated on the second ring, which are much longer than the other pair, situated on the eleventh ring. Feeds on Aselepias. Chrysalis pale green, with golden points before; a semicircle of gold behind, bordered below by a range of small black dots. Middle and Southern States.—Expands four and a half inches. Borsp. Fam. IV. HELICONIDAE. Larva cylindric, spinose the whole length. Perfect insect ; palpi short, separate, not much elevated. Abdomen thin, elongate. Wings oblong, narrow, elongate. Abdominal edge of the secondaries scarcely embracing the under side of the abdomen. Discoidal cellule closed. : HELICONIA. 39 HELICONIA Fas. Palpi extending a little beyond the clypeus; second article _ much longer than the first; antennz filiform, gradually enlarging towards the extremity. Wines oblong, narrow. Abdomen elon- g I) vate; four walking feet in both sexes. 1. H. charitonia Zinn. Linn. Syst. Nat. HU, 757. Figured in ‘Cram. pl. 191. Boisd. et Lec. 140, pl. 41. Lucas’ Hist. Nat. des Pap. Exot. pl. 50. Wings black, with bands of citron yellow. The primaries have three, of which the two outer are transverse and oblique; the inner one proceeds directly from the base to the middle, where it makes an elbow to gain the posterior edge above the internal angle. The secondaries have two transverse bands, of which the upper is the wider, straight and continuous; the lower is curved, and formed of spots of different sizes. The posterior edge, which is slightly sinuate, has, towards the anal angle, a range of six or seven small yellow points, and near the base there are one or two points of carmine. The wnder side resembles the upper, except that the yellow bands are paler; the primaries have the-upper edge reddish at the base ; the secondaries have four blood red points, disposed two by two near the abdominal edge, and separated by the upper band; and, finally, the marginal points of these secondaries are whitish, and extend to the summit. Body black, with yellow points on the head and thorax, and lines of the same color on the sides of the breast and abdomen. Georgia and Florida.—Expands three inches and a half. Boisp. 2. H. diaphana Drury. (Westwood’s Ed.) Figured in Jardine’s Nat. Libr. vol. IV, pl. 12, fig. 3. Drury, vol. II, pl. 7. Upper side: antennz black and very long; thorax and abdo- men dark brown. Wings transparent, vitreous. Priémaries with the anterior edges bending inwards. A small narrow border of dark brown runs entirely round the edges of these wings, and on the anterior edges about a third from the tips, runs a dark brown streak towards the ‘middle of the wings, close to which is a small white spot, joining 40 LEPIDOPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA. to the anterior edge. Secondaries having also a very narrow border, running about two-thirds round them, and stopping at the abdominal edges. Some long yellowish hairs are placed on the anterior edges near the body. Under side: palpi, sides, breast, ash colored. The dark brown borders surrounding the wings appear on this side orange brown ; the rest as on the upper side; margins of the wings entire. Texas. Westwoop’s Drury. Fam. V. NYMPHALIDAE. Larva cylindric, spinose the whole length, or only on the head. Chrysalis variable. Perfect insect; palpi usually close, elevated, very scaly; the anterior face of their first two articles nearly as wide or wider than their sides. Abdominal edge of the secondaries forming a deep groove to receive the abdomen. Discoidal cellule nearly always open. Hooks of the tarsi bifid. ACRAULIS Boisp. Head large, at least as wide as the thorax; antenne rather long, terminated by a flattened club, more elongate, and less g; rounded than in Argynnis; palpi ascending, a little divergent at the summit, covered with close-set hairs; the first article very short, obtuse. Abdomen shorter than the secondaries; discoidal cellule of the latter always open; primaries elongate, with the posterior edge sinuate; the secondaries denticulate. 1. A. vanillae Zinn. Linn. Syst. Nat. II, 787. Figured in Cram. pl. 212. Stoll. Suppl. pl. 1. Sulz. Gesch. pl. 18. Clerck, Icon. pl. 40. Boisd. et Lec. 143, pl. 42. A. passiflorae Fab. Male, bright fulvous; female, more dull; primaries elongate, posterior border a little concave, divided at the summit by the veins, and lower down by streaks, widest at the edge, black. Disk, with some black spots, of which two or three of those situated in the discoidal cellule are pupilled with white. In some specimens, these pupils are obsolete. The secondaries are bordered by a black band, crenated on the outside, and divided by large spots of the ground color. Between — the centre and outer edge there ‘are three or four black spots. ARGYNNIS. 41 The wnder side of the primaries differs from the upper in having the summit dull yellow (the color of dead leaves), with six or seven silver spots, and the costal spots pupilled with silver. The under side of the secondaries is dull yellow, with about seventy-two very brilliant silver spots, elongate, of which the marginal are smaller. The upper edge at the base is also silvery. -Among the spots in the middle, one is strongly emarginate, or nearly separated in two. Body fulvous above, yellowish below, with white dots on the head, and silvery lines on the breast. Larva cylindric, pale, fulvous, with four blackish longitudinal bands, of which the two dorsal are sometimes obsolete; furnished with ranges of blackish ramose spines, of which two are placed on the summit of the head. Head with a whitish ray on each side, lined with black; feet black. Chrysalis russety brown, with some paler shades. Feeds on Passiflora. Southern States. —Hxpands four inches. Botsp. ARGYNNIS Fas. Head large, at least as wide as the thorax; antenne rather long, abruptly terminated by a flattened club, grooved; palpi pilose, somewhat remote; the first article slender, naked at its extremity, and pointed like a needle. Abdomen shorter than the secondaries. Wings sinuate or denticulate. Ground color fulvous, usually with black points, forming sinu- ous, transverse lines, and sometimes with a blackish border, more or less wide; the under side usually has nacred spots, or violet or ferruginous nacred reflections. 1. A. idalia Fab. Fab. Ent. emend. IJ, 145. Figured in Cram. pl. 44. Drury I, pl. 13. Herbst. pl. 252. Boisd. et Lec. 147, pl. 43. Lucas’ Hist. Nat. des Pap. Exot. pl. 56. Upper side of primaries fulvous, with about fifteen black spots, of which the upper are linear, situated in the discoidal cellule ; below these they form a zigzag, transverse line; the others are _Yound, smaller, and disposed in a line parallel to the outer edge ; this edge is covered by a wide black band, dentated within, and 49 LEPIDOPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA. divided, in the male, by a range of yellowish crescents; and in the female, by a row of white spots. The female has also some white spots on the summit, where the border dilates considerably. ; The upper side of the secondaries is steel blue, with the base russety, traversed by two rows of large white points, of which the outer are yellow in the male. The under side of the primaries resembles the upper, except that the terminal band is less deep, and the spots which divide it are nacre. The under side of the secondaries is dull brown (dead leaves), with about twenty-eight nacred spots, of which the seven marginal are crescents; those of the disk are conic, divided or bordered by a black line; the edge at the base nacre. Hmarginations of the wings whitish. Body blackish, with yellow hairs on the thorax. United States.—Expands nearly five inches. Botsp. 2. A. diana Cram. Cram. II, 4. Figured in Cram. pl. 98. Herbst. pl. 253. Say’s Amer. Ent. pl. 17. Wings slightly dentate; black brown from the base to the middle, then fulvous to the edge. The fulvous forms a wide band, crenate within, having on the primaries two transverse rows of black points, and on the secondaries only one row. The black points are obsolete on the wnder side of the primaries; the dark part is marked with two nacre spots, preceded within by three fulvous streaks, and outwardly by three small yellowish spots. Under side of secondaries much paler thau the upper, with nine nacre spots, of which three are triangular, situated between the base and the middle of the outer edge; the seven others are cres- cent, on a line with the posterior edge. Southern States. Say. 3. A.cybele Godt. Godt. Encye. Méthod. IX, 263. Figured in Cram. pl. 57. Herbst. pl. 255. Boisd. et Lec. 151, pl. 45. A. daphnis Cram, A. aphrodite Fab. Upper side obscure from the base to the middle; deeper in the female; then fulvous, with three transverse rows of black spots, of which the interior are in a zigzag line. Those intermediary are aS —-—- ARGYNNIS. 43 round; the exterior crescent. In the discoidal cellule there are some marks as in the analogous species. The outer edge is pre- ceded by a black line crossed by nervures of the same color. Under side of the primaries like the upper, except that the base is fulvous; and opposite the summit there are some silvery spots, of which four or five rest on the black crescents. Under side of the secondaries brown ferruginous, with the base and about twenty-four spots, nacre; the spots at the base are small; those of the middle larger; those of the edge triangular, and separated from the preceding by a yellowish band, losing itself in the ferruginous. Body brownish; antenne blackish; club black, tipped with fulvous. This species is usually confounded with A. aphrodite, but is different, as will be seen from the description. United States. —Expands nearly three inches. Borsp. 4. A. aphrodite Fab. Fab. Syst. Ent. II, 1,144. Similar to A. cybele, for which it is usually taken. Primaries tawny orange brown at base, spotted, inscribed and reticulated with black; at the posterior margin, a deep orange band, edged with black; above this, a series of black crescents, succeeded by one of round spots; the costal margin is barred with black, the three anterior bars being angular, and the fourth shaped like the letter P; this is followed by three others less distinct ; the reticulations of the disk terminate posteriorly in a zigzag black band; underneath, at the external angle, are five silver marginal series of crescents, above which the wing is spotted with black, with a few paler spots surmounted by a black crescent; underneath they are reddish brown, with a pale, tawny, marginal band. A marginal series, consisting of seven silver triangular spots, edged with black, next follows; and a second series, consisting of the same number, differing in shape, edged also with black, the inter- mediate one being the smallest; a third series of four spots sue- ceeds, that next the costal margin is crescent-shaped ; the second is subtriangular, divided by a black line; the third is oblong; the fourth minute. At the base are five spots, varying in form; on the shoulders is also a silver spot, and the inner margin is silvered, but less conspiculously. Fringe pale, barred with black. Fabricius does not mention the two costal silver spots of the 44 LEPIDOPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA. prone surface of the primaries. In some specimens these appear not silvered. United States—Canada.—Expands 24 to 24 inches. Kirsy. Doubleday, in Ut., says: ‘A. aphrodite is smaller and rather brighter than A. cybele. It has the outer margin of the primaries quite black, instead of the fulvous markings of A. eybele. The margins of the secondaries have an additional black line ; flight also different.” 5. A. columbina Godt. Godt. Encyc. Méthod. IX. Figured in Cram. pl. 209 et 69. Boisd. et Lee. 153, pl. 41. A. hegesiaCram. A. claudia Cram. Wings bright fulvous above, paler in the female, with a trans- verse, posterior row of black points; outer edge black, divided by a range of fulvous crescents; the four wings are traversed by two black zigzag lines. The primaries have, besides, two annular black spots on the discoidal cellule. The under side of the primaries has the upper edge fulvous; the second zigzag line is obsolete, and at the summit there is a grayish triangular space more or less distinct. Under side of secondaries yellow russety, tainted with brownish ; two whitish transverse bands, of which the anterior is discoidal, extending somewhat on the nerves; the second is marginal, narrow, dentated within, separated from the first by a row of black spots pupilled with grayish. Body of same color as the wings. This species varies much according to localities. There are some on which the second zigzag ray is obsolete ; others, on which — the first is apparent only in the primaries; others again, which show scarcely any trace of the whitish transverse on the under side of the secondaries. Larva spiny, reddish yellow, with two lateral bands, and a series of dorsal spots, white; abdomen whitish, with the head and feet black ; spines blackish, and the two on the first ring are much larger, and directed towards the front like antenne. Chrysalis white, moderately angular, scattered with black dots and streaks; dorsal points yellow. Southern States.—Expands three inches. Boisp. ARGYNNIS. 45 6. A. myrina Cram. Cram. Encyc. Méthod. IX, 268. Figured in Cram. pl. 189. Herbst. pl. 255. Boisd. et Lec. 155, pl. 45. Say’s Amer. Ent. pl. 46. A. myrissa Godt. Upper side fulvous with black spots, some irregular, disposed confusedly towards the base; the others are in the form of points or dots, in a line parallel with the outer edge, which has a black band, divided by a series of fulvous crescents. Under side of primaries paler, except at the summit, where it is a little ferruginous, and marked with two or three nacre spots. The outer edge also has a range of triangular silver lunules. The under side of the secondaries is red ferruginous, with two or three yellow spaces, and about twenty-four silver spots, some irregular and unequal towards the base, the others disposed in two transverse series, of which the one forms marginal crescents; these two rows are separated by a series of brownish black points. Towards the base of the wings there is a black silvery circle. Body blackish above, grayish yellow below; antennz black, and annulated with white, and the extremity of the club yellow. Female with a taint a little less vivid than the male. United States.—Expands one and three quarter inches. Boisp. 7. A. bellona Godt. Godt. Encyc. Méthod. IX, 271. Boisd. et Lec. 164, pl. 45. Size and form of A. myrina, but the primaries are a little more sinuous. Wings falvous, with a large number of black spots, some placed confusedly towards the base, where the ground color is more obscure, the others forming two parallel rows on the outer edge, which is sometimes a little intersected with black. Under side of primaries fulvous and spotted, as above, with the summit washed with brown and pale yellow, and marked with a small transverse line of whitish violet. The anterior half of the wnder side of the secondaries is yellow russety, with ferruginous undulations and atoms, a bifid spot of whitish violet towards the base, inclosing in its angle an orbicular spot of reddish yellow. The other half is violet or coppery purple, with a transverse row of six or seven brown points pupilled with whitish, followed on the terminal edge with obscure lunules, more or less distinct, and forming nearly a continuous marginal ray. 46 LEPIDOPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA. Body and autenne as in the analogous speciesé Southern States.—Expands an inch and a half. Borsp. 8. A. freya Godt. Godt. Encyc. Méthod. IX, 273. Figured in Herbst. pl. 272. Stalk of the antenne yellow, with a large compressed brown knob, red underneath, at the base and tip. Wings tawny, dark brown at the base, with a narrow black band occupying the posterior margin, followed by a series of black arrow-headed spots, next to which in the primaries is a zigzag, angular, discoidal, black band, and at the anterior margin, five transverse spots of the same color. The under side of the primaries is tawny, variegated with black and white spots and lines. Inder side of the secondaries is reddish, variegated with white and yellow spots and band, with a discoidal, arrow-headed, white spot in the centre. Fringe of the wings alternately white and yellow. Canada. Kirpy, Faun. Bor. 391. 9. A. aglaia Linn. Syst. Nat. Il. Figured by many European authors. Reddish yellow with black marks. Under side of the secondaries greenish, yellow near the seam ; no reddish spots with silver pupils ; the nacred spots usually small and round, in number about twenty-one, not including those at the origin of the upper edge and internal edge, which are also silvery. - In the females, the marginal lunules of the upper side of the primaries are yellow, not fulvous. California and Europe. GopART. | 10. A. calippe Boisd. Boisd. Ann. Soc. Ent. 2me sér. X, 302. Unper side fulvous, traversed by a black zigzag ray, preceded from the side of the base by black sinuous streaks, and followed by a row of black points; all the exterior contour blackish, divided by a line of lunules more pale than the ground color. Under side of primaries reddish fulvous, paler at the extremity, with the same markings as above, and a series of silvery marginal lunules, preceded by two or three apical spots of the same color. SS ARGYNNIS, 47 Under side of secondaries brownish, with about twenty silver spots, the edge of the wings towards the abdomen silvery. In the female the ground color is paler, with the other markings blacker ; on the under side the general tint is paler, and nearly yellowish. California—rare. Borsp. ll. A. ashtaroth Fisher. Figured in Proceed. A. N. S., Phila., 1858, p- 180, pl. 8. In the place cited, this species is named astarte, but was afterwards changed to ashtaroth by Dr. Fisher. Upper wings with both surfaces fulvous; above with a broad, black exterior margin, containing a range of seven small whitish spots, parallel with the margin; four large oblong spots of black proceeding from thé exterior margin, the two intermediate ones reaching beyond the middle of the wing, the others shorter, with each a small fulvous spot near the tip; and four spots of. black descending from the subcostal nervure, of which the ‘one nearest the body is linear, the next square, the third roundish, with a fulvous spot in the centre, and the fourth connate with the fourth of the before-mentioned spots proceeding from the exterior margin. The lower wings are above bluish black, changing to brownish fulvous near the base, with an indistinct whitish spot below the centre. The under side of the upper wings has seven spots of pearly white parallel with the outer margin, of which the five exterior ones are linear, and the two others round; from these two round spots proceed two oblong black spots to the middle of the wing, and the two next have each a round black spot above them. From the subcostal nervure proceed four black spots, of which the two nearest the body are linear, the next triangular, inclosing a fulvous spot, and the fourth is almost confounded with the black upper margin. The wnder side of the lower wings is brown, with four white sublunate spots, bounded above and below by black, and parallel with the lower margin. There are, likewise, two long black spots outside of the outer one of these spots; the whole base of the wing is occupied by six large pearly spots, radiating from the axilla, one of which occupies the precostal portion; between the second and third (which are very wide) is a smaller spot, and the third is 48 LEPIDOPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA. crossed near its base by a short black bar. The emarginations of the wings are margined with white. Body black ; thorax thickly covered with brownish falvous hairs. The above described butterfly so nearly resembles the Argynnis idalia, that at first sight it may easily be taken for a mere variety. The want of a double row of white spots on the upper surface of the lower wings, although a remarkable difference, would not perhaps constitute a specific mark; yet, when we come to examine the under surface, instead of the twenty-four or twenty- five spots of white, which are observed over its whole surface, we find but two near the margin, and six large ones occupying nearly the whole of the base, and radiating from the axilla, we cannot hesitate to pronounce it distinct and certainly new. The /arva is unknown. The interesting fact of so large a species of butterfly being found at this time in New Jersey, and having heretofore escaped the researches of all entomologists, has led me to offer thi$ short communication for publication in the Proceed- ings. It was found by me in July of this summer, on Succasunna Plains, near Schooley’s Mountain, in Morris County. FISHER. Most probably a variety of A. idalia. (Morris.) 12. A. ossianus Herbst. Boisd. et Lec. p. 157. Figured in Boisd. Icon. Hist. pl. 19. Herbst. pl. 270. A. trichlaris Hiibn. Small; wpper side fulvous, inclining to yellowish. Under side of the primaries deeper fulvous; summit washed with ferruginous ; the lunules of the extremity are scarcely indicated. Under side of secondaries reddish; all the spots are nacred, except the transverse ray, which precedes the ocellated ones; mar- ginal lunules small, not very triangular, bordered by a brown are. The nacred spots of the under side of the female are more dull and smaller than in the male, and the transverse black points of the primaries are nearly all pupilled. Labrador. 13. A. polaris Boisd. Boisd. et Lec. p. 159. Figured in Boisd. Icon. Hist. pl. 20. Size of A. myrina. Primaries have nearly the same design as A, frigga, of Europe. The base is less obscure, and the points which precede the terminal edge are smaller. Under side of secondaries ferruginous brown. The base is ARGYNNIS. 49 marked with four small white spots. Towards the middle, there is _ a transverse, irregular white band, slightly powdered with brown, and divided by the nervures, which are russety. Beyond this band, there is another white band nearly macular, of which each spot is bordered by a clear yellowish space, and is marked by a black- brown point, corresponding to those of the opposite surface; the terminal edge is divided by small white lines or streaks, inflated at their anterior extremity. These wings are bordered with white. Fringe alternately white and black, and the white part forms below with the small white marginal lines, a kind of T. The female differs from the male only in having the spots and white bands of the secondaries a little clearer. Labrador. & Boisp. 14, A. charielen Godt. Encyc. Méth. IX, 273. Figured in Herbst, pl. 212. Nearly the size of A. myrina. Upper side fulvous, traversed by black zigzag lines and by a row of black points, situated before the marginal lunules. Under side of primaries fulvous, with the apical extremity yel- lowish, and a terminal row of small streaks oi yellowish-white, which intersect the fringe and terminate in a small blackish arrow- shaped spot. Under side of the secondaries purple-brown, deeper towards the base, which is marked with three small nacred spots; a little before the middle is another nacred band, sinuous, bordered with black-brown, and often powdered with ferruginous, especially in the males; between the spots of the base and this band, there is an isolated silver point, usually pupilled with brown. The poste- rior half of these wings is of a clearer tint, with some whitish reflections, especially near the transverse band—a row of purple- brown points, corresponding to the black points of the upper side, and at the extremity a terminal series of nacred triangular lunules, pointed with brown. Often in the males, all these lunules are strongly powdered with brown, and then are only indicated by a small white line, similar to those of the primaries. Female a little larger than the male, sometimes a little more sombre above. On the under side, the nacred spots forming the 4 50 LEPIDOPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA. transverse band and the marginal lunules are more brilliant and more rarely powdered with ferruginous brown. Labrador. Boisp. MELITAEA Fas. In generic characters nearly similar to Argynnis. Wings usually blackish and fulvous, subdenticulate, spotted like a chess- board. The nacre on the under side of the secondaries of Argynnis is here replaced by yellow or violet pearly reflections. Discoidal cellule of the secondaries always open. 1. M. phaeton Fab. Syst. Ent. 481, Figured in Cram. pl. 193. Drury I, pl. 21. Herbst, pl. 3. Boisd. et Lec. pl. 47, p. 167. Wings obscure black, with a marginal series of fulvous spots, more or less triangular, preceded by two transverse rows of yellow points. The primaries have, besides, two fulvous spots in the dis- coidal cellule, followed outwardly by some yellow dots. On the under side, the base of each wing is marked with fulyous spots intermingled with yellow dots. Body black ; palpi and feet fulvous; abdomen spotted with yel- low below, and pointed with yellow on the sides; antenne blackish; club a little ferruginous. United States. —Expands two and three-eighths inches. Borsp. 2. M. ismeria Boisd. Boisd. et Lec. pl. 46, p. 168. Upper side yellowish fulvous, with a large number of black spots; some placed confusedly towards the base, forming zigzag rays; others forming two transverse sinuous rays on the primaries and a single one on the secondaries, where it is followed by a row of points of the same color. The outer edge of the four wings is black, divided on the primaries by fulvous spots and on the secondaries by a line of crescents, which are yellowish-white. Besides these, the summit of the primaries is marked by four or five white dots. The wnder side of the primaries has a whitish macular band before the outer edge, preceded by three or four spots of the same color. MELITAEA. 51 Under side of the secondaries fulvous, with white spots towards the base; then a median, transverse, irregular band, and finally marginal lunules of the same color. These last are separated from the transverse band by a series of blackish points corresponding to those of the upper side. Fringe of all the wings blackish, intersected by white. Body and antenne as in the analogous species. Larva yellow, with spines and three longitudinal rays, blackish. Head black, as well as the scaly feet and abdomen on under side; other feet yellow. Chrysalis ash-gray, with some clearer spaces; the small dorsal tubercles nearly white. Southern States.—Expands one and three-eighths inch. Botsp. 3. M. tharos Cram. M. tharossa Godt. Encyc. Méthod. IX, 289. Figured in Cram. pl. 169. Drury, I, pl. 21. Boisd. et Lec. pl. 47, p. 170. Wings fulvous, with black wavy lines, more or less wide, often confluent or interlaced. A wide black border on the outer edge, a little sinuous within, marked on the primaries with a fulvous yellow spot, and divided on the secondaries by a regular sinuous line of grayish, preceded by a row of black ocular dots. The upper edge of primaries black; from which, at the end of the discoidal cellule, there proceeds a black streak, which loses itself in the sinuous lines. Under side of the primaries fulvous, with ferruginous wavy lines, very fine and indistinct. The border is more brown, mingled with the fulvous and marked with a yellow spot larger than that on the upper side. The wnder side of the secondaries is ochre yellow, with a large number of wavy, brown ferruginous lines; a brown border, touch- ing neither the anal nor external angle, marked by a yellow crescent. This border is preceded by a row of small brown dots, correspond- ing to those on the upper side. Body black above, yellowish below. United States. —Expands an inch and an eighth. Botsp. 4, M. editha Boisd. Ann. Soc. Ent. 2me sér. X, 305. Boisduval says, it is possible that this species is the same which Doubleday and Hewitson have figured in pl. 23 of their work as 52 LEPIDOPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA, ~ M., anicia, but unfortunately they have not represented the under side, which in many species it is important to know. The upper side of the secondaries of their JZ. anicia has a marginal series of three fulvous bands, whilst in this species the intermediary range is pale yellow. Upper side blackish-brown, with the fringe whitish, some spots of bright fulvous and some yellow spots disposed in transverse bands; the four bands of the secondaries alternately yellow and fulvous, interrupted ; the one before the last yellow and that which precedes it fulvous, the spots slightly pupilled with yellow; the upper edge of the primaries reddish. Under side fulvous, with bands ochry yellow, more or less edged with brown; that of the secondaries, with each spot of the ante- penultimate band, pupilled with ochry yellow. The female is nearly similar to the male, with the primaries a little more rounded at the summit. California. : Boisp. 5. M. palla Boisd. Ann. Soc. Ent. 2me sér. X, 305. IL. nycteis Double- day. Upper side bright fulvous. Under, side of primaries fulvous, with a terminal band of ochry yellow. Under side of secondaries fulyous, with two bands of ochry yel- low, edged with brown, and some basal spots of the same color, forming an irregular band; posterior band nearly terminal, formed by crescents more or less large; that which precedes it is cut longitudinally by two irregular blackish lines. The female is very different from the male; the spots of the under side are usually of a pale ochry yellow, except the small marginal crescents and the antepenultimate band of the seconda- ries, which are fulvous. On the under side the ochry yellow bands cover nearly the whole surface, and the fulvous is reduced on the secondaries to marginal crescents, a row of five or six large points, and some basal spots. California. Bois. s GRAPTA. 53 6. M. zerene Boisd. Ann. Soc. Ent. 2me sér. X. Upper side bright fulvous, as in MZ. cybele, with the black mark- ings as in the species of the same group. Under side of primaries fulvous, with the markings of the upper. The summit has spots of a yellowish-white, and the edge is divided by small crescents of the same color. Under side of secondaries ferruginous gray, with spots of yel- lowish-white, as in the neighboring species, but not silvery; the spots of the middle and the marginal crescents are environed and surmounted with ferruginous, more obscure than the general tint. Female a little larger than the male, with the under side ferru- ginous gray, paler, and sometimes the marginal crescents a little silvery. California. Botsp. GRAPTA Kirsy. Nearly allied to Vanessa, from which it may be distinguished by its more excised and angular wings, and its less hairy palpi. All the known species have the upper surface more or less brightly fulvous, spotted with black; lower surface crowded and veined with different shades of brown; the secondaries have a more or less angular silvery or pale golden mark, resembling sometimes the letter L or C, whence the name C-album, &c. &e. The larva, like those of the neighboring genera, have the second and third thoracic and also the abdominal segments armed with spines, which are set round with whorls of delicate bristles. Pupa angular and tuberculated ; head rather deeply notched, generally brown or grayish-brown, with silvery or golden blotches. 1. G. interrogationis /. E.S. III, 1,78. G. auwreum Cram. Figured in Cram. pl. 19. Sm. Abb. I, pl. 2. Boisd. et Lec. pl. 51, p. 192. Upper side of all the wings fulvous or ferruginous fulvous, with seven or eight unequal black spots, and the outer edge sometimes brown, obscure, and sometimes of a ferruginous tint, mingling in- sensibly with the ground color. 54 LEPIDOPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA. Upper side of secondaries deep brown, with a greenish blue reflection and the base red ferruginous. Under side of all the wings grayish, marbled with brown; some- times ferruginous or brownish, with the extremity a little more clear; often brown, slightly glossed with greenish white, especially on the secondaries. On the disk, a silvery spot, sometimes in the form of a C, sometimes in the form of an interrupted C or mark of interrogation. In most of the varieties, there is a row of black points on the terminal edge of each wing. The secondaries are furnished with prominent tails. Larva deep brown, with the body pointed and striated with yellowish and whitish. Head and feet reddish, spines blackish. Along the feet a ray of citron yellow, and above the stigmata another ray of the same color, marked with a row of red spots. Chrysalis angular, obscure, with golden spots. Feeds on Ulmus and Tilia. United States. Expands two and three-quarter inches. Boisp. 2. G. comma /larris. Ins. Mass. 221 (1842). Upper side tawny orange; fore wings bordered behind and spotted with black; hind wings shaded behind with dark brown, with two black spots on the middle and three more in a transverse line from the front edge, and a row of bright orange-colored spots before the hind margin; hind edges of the wings powdered with reddish-white. Under side marbled with light and dark brown, the hinder wings with a silvery comma in the middle. The caterpillar has a general resemblance to that of G. inter- rogationis. Chrysalis brownish gray, or white variegated with pale brown and ornamented with golden spots; there are two conical ear-like projections on the top of the head, and the prominence on the thorax is shorter and thicker than that of G. ¢nterrogationis, and more like a parrot’s beak in shape. Expands from two and a half to two and three-eighths inches.— Harris, Insects of Mass., p. 221. Harris thinks that his G. comma is different from the European G. O-album, which Boisd. et Lec., p. 190, describe as occurring | VANESSA. 55 here, and for the purpose of comparison, their description is inserted :— 3. G. C-album Linn. Nearly the size of G. progne. Upper side fulvous or ferruginous, with scattered black spots ; outer edge more or less obscure. Under side sometimes brownish-black, sometimes brownish- yellow, with green atoms on the outer half, which, with the excep- tion of the costal margin, is always lighter. Under side of secondaries has a G or C of pure white on the disk. Body blackish, with greenish hairs on the thorax. Antenne black above, brown below, with white rings ; extremity of the club reddish. Environs of Philadelphia only. Bois. Et Lec. VANESSA Fas. Clothed with long hairs, eyes densely hairy; labial palpi porrect, projecting beyond the forehead, scaly and densely hairy all round; first joint much curved, second swollen beyond the middle, third nearly acicular. Antenne about three-fourths the length of the body, with two distinct grooves below; club rather short, last joint minute, pointed. Thorax clothed with long hairs. Prima- ries subtriangular, apex truncate. Anterior margin but little curved, sometimes deeply emarginate; inner margin nearly straight, costal nervure rather stout, extending about to the middle of the anterior margin. Secondaries somewhat obovate. Inner margin the longest; outer margin more or less sinuate, dentate, prolonged into a tooth or short tail at the termination of the third median nervule. Abdomen about two-thirds the length of the inner mar- gin of the posterior wing. Larva cylindric, head and first thoracic segment unarmed, the rest armed with long spines, set with sete in whorls, Pupa very angular and tuberculate ; head deeply bifid, often adorned with golden spots. Vanessa differs from Grapta in the palpi, which are much less, 56 LEPIDOPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA. hairy, and in the wings in not having the inner margin of the primaries emarginate. The larva of Vanessa differs in wanting the spines on the head. 1. V. J-album Boisd. Figured in Boisd. et Lec. pl. 50, p. 185. Upper side dull yellow or fulvous, with the base of the prima- ries and a part of the secondaries more obscure. A little before the outer edge, there is a brown ferruginous or blackish ray, which on the primaries of the male often blends with the terminal edge, which is nearly always powdered with blackish. The primaries have four or five unequal spots on the middle and on the upper edge, three short transverse bands of the same color, of which that on the summit is separated by a white spot. ‘The secondaries have the upper edge black, divided by a white spot. Under side of the wings brown, from the base to the middle, with waves more pale and others more obscure; then, grayish- white reticulated and a marginal interrupted ray of ashy blue. On the middle of the inferiors, there is a small grayish mark in the form of a J. North and West.—Expands three inches. Boisp. 2. V. milberti Godt. Encyc. Méthod. IX, 307. V. furcillata Say. Boisd. et Lec. pl. 50, p. 187. Say, Amer. Ent. II, pl. 27. Upper side brownish-black, traversed between the middle and the extremity by a wide fulvous band, a little sinuous within, where it has a paler tint, followed on the secondaries by a marginal row of violet-blue crescents. The primaries have two fulvous spots in the discoidal cellule, a black spot in the band on the costal edge, and a white spot besides. Under side blackish, with waves more obscure, and a band of paler tint corresponding to that of the upper side. Body blackish-brown. Northern States. —Expands an inch and a half. Botsp. 3. V. progne Cram. Figured inCram. pl.85. Boisd. et Lec. pl. 50, p. 188. Upper side bright fulvous, a little paler at the extremity of the primaries. These have five black spots, of which two are in the discoidal cellule and three below the median nervure; two short VANESSA. 57 brown bands along the upper edge, one at the end of the discoidal cellule and the other near the summit, from which it is separated by three or four crescents paler than the ground color. Towards the internal angle, there is a brown spot slightly united to the border, which is deep brown. The secondaries have the extremities blackish, insensibly mingling with the fulvous, which is marked with two small black spots. A little before the outer edge, there is a row of fulvous spots, some- times indistinct. The angulated tails of the secondaries are tinted with grayish-violet, and the emarginations of all the wings are bordered with yellowish-gray. Under side brown, striated with blackish, with a paler band towards the outer edge, angulated on the primaries ; a white mark on the disk of the secondaries, which has a faint resemblance to the letter L. Some female specimens have along the marginal edge on the under side some shining greenish crescents, more or less distinct, and nearly united in a continuous line. These have the upper side of a less brilliant fulvous. United States. —Expands two inches. Borsp. 4. V. antiopa Zinn. Syst. Nat. II, 776. Figured in most of the Euro- pean works. Upper side velvety black chestnut, with a yellowish terminal band, the internal side of which is a little sinuous, preceded by a line of seven or eight dots of violet-blue. The primaries have the upper edge finely interrupted with yel- lowish-white, and marked between the middle and the bluish points with two transverse and parallel spots of the same color as the border. Under side obsctre black, with wavy lines of deeper color, and a small central grayish point. Body and antenne black ; club ferruginous. United States and Europe.—Expands three inches. Botsp. 5. V. lintneri Fitch. Third Report to N. Y. State Agr. Soc., p. 485 of Trans. Wings of the same form and color of V. antiopa, but their pale border is twice as broad, occupying a third of the length of 58 LEPIDOPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA. the wings, and is wholly destitute of the row of blue spots which occur in V. antiopa forward of the border. Ground color deep rusty brown, much more tinged with liver reddish than in V. an- tiopa. The fore margin of the anterior wings is black, freckled with small transverse white streaks and lines, but is destitute of the two white spots of the other species. The broad outer band is of a tarnished pale ochre yellow hue, speckled with black, and becomes quite narrow at the inner angle of the hind pair. Wings beneath similar to those of V. antiopa, but are darker and without any sprinkling of ash-gray scales or any whitish crescent in the middle of the hind pair, and the border is speckled with gray and whitish in wavy transverse streaks, without forming the distinct band which is seen in V. antiopa. Fircn. [Probably a variety of V. antiopa.—J. G. M. | 6. V. californica Boisd. Ann. Soc. Ent. 2me sér. X, 306. Upper side bright fulvous; primaries with three black bands on the upper edge, as in the allied species, and only three large points on the disk; a white ante-apical streak ; the edge of all the wings blackish, but destitute of blue crescents. Under side paler, with the transverse band very angular. California. Boisp. PYRAMEIS Dovstep. & HeEwirs. Differs from Vanessa in having the wings less angular, palpi less hairy, and in somewhat different form; the club of the antenne is rather more pointed ; larve have all the segments except the head and prothorax armed with long spines, set round with whorls of stiff bristles. They differ also in habits; those of Pyramets are always solitary, drawing together the sides of a leaf with silken threads, and thus forming a cylindric dwelling; the pup are similar in shape and markings. 1. P. atalanta Zinn. Syst. Nat. Il, 779. Figured in most European works on Lepidoptera. Upper side black, with a red band. The band of the seconda- ries is marginal, with four black dots on it, terminated at the anal PYRAMEIS. 59 angle by a double bluish spot. The band of the primaries is arcuate, slightly interrupted in the middle. Summit. slightly bluish, with six white spots, of which the interior, in the form of a transverse band, rests on the costal edge. Under side of the primaries nearly similar to the upper, but the summit is brown mixed with gray. The red band is paler at each extremity, and separated from the white spots by a bluish ring. At the base there are several streaks of the same color. Under side of secondaries brown, slightly marbled with gray ; a yellowish spot on the middle of the costal edge, and some bluish atoms on the lower edge, which is more or less grayish. Emar- ginations white. Body of same color as the wings. Antenne annulated with white and black; club yellowish. Larva differs in its tints—sometimes of a yellowish-green, some- times violet powdered with gray ; spines moderate, and a sinuous, lateral band of citron yellow. Feeds on Urtiea, and is almost constantly enveloped between several leaves, drawn together by silk threads. Chrysalis blackish, moderately angular, covered with a grayish efflorescence, and ornamented with golden spots. United States and Europe.—Expands two inches and a half. Boisp. 2. P. cardui Linn. Syst. Nat. II, 776. Figured in most European works. - Upper side of primaries at the base and internal edge russety brown; the middle fulvous, nearly cherry-red; border black, transverse and angulate. Summit widely black, with five white spots, of which the interior is largest, and rests transversely on the edge; the four others are in the form of unequal dots, and ranged inanare. Posterior edge entirely black, with white emarginations. Upper side of secondaries fulvous, more or less reddish, with the base, the internal edge and disk russety brown, and three pos- terior and parallel rows of black points, of which the intermediary are oblong and smallest; the exterior are marginal, the interior only four in number, and sometimes slightly ocellate. The under side of the primaries has the same markings as the upper, but the fulvous of the middie still more approaches red. The black band which divides it is marked with white near the costal edge, and the summit is greenish-brown. 60 LEPIDOPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA. Under side of secondaries marked with brown, white and yel- lowish, with a row of four ocular spots, separated from the edge by a grayish line, along which there is a series of small bluish crescents formed by atoms. Body russety brown above, whitish below, with black rings on the abdomen. Larva spinous, brownish or gray, with lateral and interrupted yellow lines. Feeds on various species of Carduus, Serratula, and Cirsium. Chrysalis grayish, moderately angular, scattered with golden spots, which sometimes cover nearly the whole surface. Inhabits the four quarters of the globe.—Expands two and a half inches. 3. P. huntera Sm. Abb. P. virginiensis Drury. P. iole Cram. Figured in Sm. Abb. pl. 9. Cram. 12. Drury I, pl. 5. Boisd. et Lec. pl. 48, p. 180. Size of P. cardui, and in many respects similar, but the outer edge of the primaries is usually more emarginate; the summit has a slight blue reflection, and it is browner on the under side. The interior white spot is more narrow and bent outwards. There is a white point between the extremity of this band and the internal angle. Upper side of secondaries also very similar to P. cardut. The under side is brown, slightly obscure, with nervures of a yellowish-white, crossed near the base by two lines of this color. In the middle, there is a transverse band of white, a little grayish, or of a rosy white, followed exteriorly by éwo ocellated spots. Near the posterior edge, there is a marginal band of nearly the same tint, divided in its length by a violet undulated line. In the females, the tint of the upper side is sometimes carmine or brick color. Larva blackish-gray striated with yellow, with the segments more clear, and the first rings more obscure. Along the feet, and below the stigmata, a yellow lateral ray, and above these another yellow ray, marked with a small orange spot above each stigma. The spines are yellow. Feeds on Gnaphalium obtusifolium. Chrysalis yellowish, of the same form as that of P. carduz, seat- tered with a large number of golden spots. United States. Borsp. JUNONIA. 61 JUNONIA Dovstep. & Hew. This may be distinguished from the allied genera by the naked eyes and less hairy anterior legs. In the other genera, these legs are densely clothed with long hairs, and this is also the case with the females of Vanessa and Pyramets, but in Junonia, though the legs of the males are thickly set with fine hairs, they are short, and do not so entirely cover the legs as to make it difficult to detect their form and even their articulations. The cells of both pairs of wings are always open, except in a few aberrant species. Larve, with the head and all the segments armed with spines, which make them resemble the larve of Argynnis rather than those of Vanessa. Pupa tuberculated, scarcely angular. 1. J. coenia Hiibn. J. orythia Sm. Ab. J. larinia, var. Godt. J. junonia Hiibn. Figured in Hiibn. Exot. Samml. Sm. Abb. I, pl. 8. Boisd. et Lec. pl. 49, p. 182. Upper side obscure brown, with two black ocellated spots; iris grayish-yellow ; pupil blue—the lower one much the larger. They are preceded by a fulvous ray, followed by a double grayish mar- ginal ray, almost obsolete in the primaries. These have towards the base two fulvous streaks bordered with black, and between the two ocellate spots a white band or yellowish-white, going from the summit to the terminal edge. ‘There is also a small white spot above the upper ocellus. The two ocelli of the secondaries are also of unequal size. The upper one is in part encircled by fulvous, in part by black. It is nearly covered with violet-blue atoms. ‘The inferior one is similar, but much smaller. The under side of the primaries is fulvous towards the base, with some grayish lines bordered with black; paler towards the end, with the two ocelli and the separating band as on the upper side, and ordinarily a second small eye above that of the summit. The under side of the secondaries is ferruginous gray, with more obscure wavy lines and a transverse ferruginous brown. band, marked with two or three small eyes and two blackish points. Body of same color as the wings. Antenne whitish, with the club blackish. Expands two inches and a half. 62 LEPIDOPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA. Larva blackish, pointed with white; lower side of abdomen and feet fulvous. It has two lateral white lines, of which the upper is marked with a row of fulvous spots. Spines blackish. Chrysalis like those of P. cardui and P. huntera, but blackish, varied with whitish, without any metallic spots. Southern United States. Boisp. ANARTIA Dovsiepay. Head rather small, scaly ; eyes round, a little prominent; pro- boscis twice the length of the body; labial palpi scaly; antenne nearly as long as the body; club short, compressed, pointed ; thorax oval, rather robust; primaries subtriangular, rounded at the summit ; external edge a little emarginated towards the mid- dle; internal edge slightly emarginate, external edge of seconda- ries sinuous, dentate, and forming a tooth at the end of the third median nervure; internal edge emarginate before the anal angle; feet of the first pair of the male scaly, femurs scarcely more robust than the tibiz; tarsi subcylindrical, thin; those of the female scaly, more robust, femurs nearly cylindrical; tarsi of five joints nearly as long as the tibia; feet of the second and third pairs rather elongate ; abdomen thin, rather short. 1. A. jatrophae Linn. Syst. Nats II, 779. Figured in Cram. pap. pl. 202. Herbst, tab. 172. Upper side with a more or less livid tint, with brownish, trans- verse, undulated lines, and three black, ocellate spots, of which one is on the primaries towards the internal angle, and the other two on the secondaries. Some specimens have the extremity of the wings russety, and the line which divides it forms parallel to the edge, a double row of lunules of this color. Under side paler, and the ocellate spots have a small whitish pupil. Antenne black, with the club ferruginous. Body dark above, whitish below. Texas—Brazil. Gopt. LIBYTHEA. 63 Fam. VI. LIBYTHEIDAE. Larva without spines, slightly pubescent, finely shagreened. Chrysalis short, a little angular. Perfect insect ; palpi very long, contiguous, in the form of a beak, parallel to the axis of the body. Wings angular, rather robust; discoidal cellule of the secondaries open. e LIBYTHEA Fab. Inferior palpi in the form of a rostrum or beak. Primaries angular. Antenne short, stiff, fusiform. 1. L. motya Boisd. Figured in Boisd. et Lec. pl. 64. Wings brown; middle of primaries fulvous, beginning at the base; towards the upper angle three white spots, one near the costal edge, oval, the other two smaller and square. Secondaries with a large pale yellow space in the centre, com- mencing at the base, and a whitish one on the side. Under side of primaries similar to the upper, excepting that the fulvous part and the spots are intersected by the nerves, black. Under side cinereous, with a darker band extending over half the wing, and a crescent streak near the outer edge. United States.—Expands nearly two inches. Borsp. 2. L. bachmani Kirtland. Var? of LZ. motya. Figured in Silliman’s Journ., XIII, New Series, 356. Body, dark brown; upper surface of primaries brownish, with three white spots placed in a triangle near the tip, the superior and interior spots oblong and irregular, the exterior smallest and oval, the inferior quadrangular. An ochry yellow band is situated on the humerus, and a second on the posterior margin, but does not reach the tip of the wing. A similar band extends across the - lower half of the secondaries. Under side of primaries similar to the upper; that of the secon- daries reticulated with brown. Expands one and five-eighths of an inch, while Z. motya expands _ more than two inches. 64 LEPIDOPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA. The form and size of the white spots in the primaries differ; the absence of a large white quadrangular spot and a different arrangement of the yellow bars mark this as a new species. Ohio. KIRTLAND. ~ e,,” NYMPHALIS Larr. ’ Hlead a little more narrow than the thorax; eyes large, promi- nent; palpi moderate, a littlé longer than the head; last article much shorter than the preceding, obtuse; antenne nearly the length of the body, insensibly enlarging in an elongate club; wings wide, rather robust, dentate, always destitute of ocelli and prolongations in the form of a tail. 1. N. ursula Fab. Ent. Syst. III, 1, 82. NV. ephestion Godt. N. astyanax Fab. Figured in Stoll, suppl. 4 Cram. pl. 25. Sm. Abb. I, pl. 10. Boisd. et Lec. pl. 53, p. 199. Wings slightly dentate; blackish-brown above, glossed with a bluish tint, much more deep towards the extremity of the secon- daries. These have parallel to their terminal edge a double fes- tooned black line, preceded by a bent transverse ray of the same color; three rows of bluish crescents, of which the interior are much the largest. In the female, the blue occupies less space, and the crescents which form the first row are truncate, less marked, smaller, and each one supported behind by a fulvous point. The primaries have the summit more brown than the rest of the surface, and marked by one or two small white spots. The pos- terior edge has two rows of blue or slate-colored crescents, preceded within by a row of fulvous points often indistinct, and existing sometimes only on the half of the wing nearest the upper edge. Under side is brown, a little reddish, glossed, in the male by a violet-blue tint, except at the summit of the primaries. The base of these is marked in the cellule by two fulvous spots, surrounded with black and environed with blue; the base of the secondaries has three nearly similar spots; the origin of the upper edge of all the wings is fulvous; the terminal edge of all has two rows of blue erescents, preceded within by a row of fulvous spots bordered with black behind. Body blackish, with the under side of abdomen whitish. NYMPHALIS. 65 Larva whitish or russety white with green shades, which cover a part of the back; the second ring is armed with two long ferru- ginous horns, a little arcuate ; the fifth bears two roundish tuber- cles, of the same color. The other tubercles are greenish and not prominent. Ohrysalis russe, , with the under side of the abdomen whitish, and a prominent projection on the back. Feeds on Salix, Vac- eintum, and Cerasus. United States.—Expands three and a half inches. Borsp. 2. N. arthemis Drury. WN. lamina Fab. Godt. Figured in Drury, II, pl. 10. Boisd. et Lec. pl. 54, p. 202. Say Amer. Ent. II, pl. 23. Upper side brownish-black, with a common white band a little beyond the middle, and a double series of blue marginal crescents on the secondaries, and only one on the primaries.- These have at the summit two or three small white spots, and the secondaries, in the males, a bent row of seven roundish spots, or large fulvous dots, situated between the band and the blue crescents. The lower side differs from the upper in having the ground color more pale, excepting on the outer edge where it remains blackish; at the base of each wing there are some bluish spots, accompanied by large reddish points; the primaries have a series of reddish points before the double line of blue lunules of the extremity. Emarginations of all the wings white. ody black, with three white lines along the abdomen. Antenne black. The female is larger than the male; the bent row of large ful- yous points is replaced above by lunules formed of bluish atoms ; below, it has the same markings as the male. Northern States. —Expands three and a half inches. Borsp. 3. N. disippus Godt. Encyc. Méthod. IX, 392. N. misippus Fab. WN. archippus Cram. Figuredin Cram. pl.16. Boisd. et Lec. pl. 55, p. 204. Upper side fulvous, with nerves and edges black; the terminal edge has two rows of white points, the exterior are the smaller, and placed in the emarginations; near the summit of the primaries, where the black dilates sensibly, are three white points, followed _ by a macular and transverse band of four fulvous spots. The secondaries are traversed beyond the middle, reaching from _ the external edge to the anal angle, by a bent, black ray. 5 66 LEPIDOPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA. Under side has the ground color and fulvous spots of the summit more pale; the interior points of the terminal edge are replaced by a double series of white lunules; there are two white spots on the costal edge towards the base, and sometimes a point near the base of the cell. Antenne black as well as the body; the latter is pointed with white on the head and breast. The female is somewhat larger than the male, and the second row of crescents on the under side of the wings is a little bluish. Larva green, varied with white; the first rings are russety. The second ring bears two spiny horns, a little arcuate in front; the third, fifth, sixth, seventh and tenth has each a small spiny process, and the eleventh two short spines. Feeds on Salix and Prunus. Chrysalis russety, with the sides of the abdomen varied with white, and a prominent projection on the back. United States.—Expands from two inches and a half to four inches. BoispD. 4. L. lorquini Boisd. Ann. Soc. Ent. 2me sér. X, 301. JL. eulalia Doubled. Upper side brown-black, traversed toward the middle by a white macular band, preceded on the primaries in the discoidal cellule by a spot of the same color; primaries, with the summit very widely ferruginous red, separated from the brown part by three or four white spots. Secondaries with two large fulvous points towards the anal angle. Under side brown, with the same band and the same white spots as above; the common band followed by a ferruginous space, divided by a series of whitish sagittate crescents, bordered with black at the summit; that of the primaries with two ferruginous streaks in the cellule; that of the secondaries with the edge whitish, and the base intersected by whitish-gray spots. California. Boisp. PAPHIA Dovsiepay. Wings with a metallic gloss, under side indistinctly reticulated; female with the upper side more variegated with brown or pale- colored spots than the male. Head not tufted in front; eyes large, APATURA, 67 prominent. Labial palpi thickly squamose, broad in front. An- tenne short, slender; club slender, obliquely rounded off at tip. Primaries large, fore margin strongly arched, somewhat elbowed near the base, apical angle more or less acute; apical margin sometimes deeply emarginate near the tip. Secondaries subovate, costal margin rounded, outer margin sometimes scolloped; the extremity of the third branch of the median vein being extended into a tail. Abdomen rather small and subovate. 1. P. glycerium Doubleday. Figured in Doubleday and Hewitson’s Genera, pl. 50. Upper side copper red; margin of all the wings brownish inte- riorly, powdered with the same color; primaries with two short brownish bands commencing on the costal, the one nearest the apex undulate ; the brownish margin extends about one-third on the anterior edge, with a deep emargination near the summit. Under side paler, of the color of dead leaves; the bands on the primaries longer than above, and a transverse band on the secon- daries separating the deeper shade of the base from the other part ; an indistinct white spot near the upper edge. Female larger, paler, markings in the primaries more distinct and wide; similar below. Texas—Illinois. APATURA Fas. Hyes large, prominent; antenne rather long,*terminated by an elongated cylindrical club, the end of which is yellow ; palp? con- tiguous ; thorax long and robust; abdomen proportionately small; wings slightly dentate, often with a bluish reflection, the seconda- _ Ties with the cellule open and having at least one ocellus on the under side; the primaries always have the outer edge more or less _ concave, and in the discoidal cellule on the under side two or three _ black transverse streaks. The secondaries are also somewhat con- cave above the anal angle. The Apature resemble Satyri in the form of the /arva and in 68 LEPIDOPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA. the ocelli on the under side of the wings, but differ in habits; the former live on trees, the latter on low grounds and grasses. 1. A. clyton Boisd. Boisd. et Lec., 209, pl. 56, p. 208. Primaries reddish-yellow or fulvous, with the extremity brown- ish, marked with two rows of small spots and a marginal interrupted ray, ochry yellow. The fulvous portion has two black streaks on the discoidal cellule, and is separated from the brownish by a sinuous blackish ray. The secondaries are obscure rufous, gradually becoming brown- ish towards the extremity. This part is divided by a row of five black points ocellated with rufous, preceded by a series of quad- rangular spots a little more clear than the ground color and fol- lowed by a yellowish marginal ray, as a continuation of that on the primaries. Besides these, there is near the middle a blackish, sinuous, transverse ray, very distinct at its origin on the upper edge. Under side of all the wings is russety gray, with a violet reflec- tion; an obscure marginal ray, and a median, black, transverse, flexuous ray, corresponding to that on the upper side, more distinct on the primaries, where it is preceded by two black streaks and followed by the same spots as above, but paler. This same ray is preceded, in the discoidal cellule of the secondaries, by two black streaks. The ocellated points have the pupil bluish-white. The emarginations of all the wings are feebly white. Larva, which feeds on Prunus and other drupaceous plants, is green, with four rays of greenish yellow. Head yellowish-green, marked with two black spots and surmounted by two short ramose yellowish spines; the two small anal points are a little elevated. Chrysalis green, with the envelopment of the wings and some indistinct dorsal rays greenish-yellow. Southern States.—Expands nearly two inches and a half. Boisp. 2. A. celtis Boisd. Boisd. et Lec., p. 210, pl. 57. Same size and form of A. clyton. Upper side pale russety gray. Outer half of the primaries brownish, marked with about a dozen small white spots disposed in two lines a little sinuous, of which one or two near the summit LS AGANISTHOS, 69 are ocellated with black and very small. The exterior edge has a russety line, preceded near the external angle by a black eye ocel- lated by yellowish-red, on a line with the white spots of the second row. ‘There are two black transversal streaks in the discoidal cellule. The secondaries are traversed, towards the middle, by two indis- tinct curved lines of blackish-gray, and near the marginal edge by two parallel undulated lines of the same color, very distinct. These lines are preceded by a curved row of six black eyes, of which the second, counting from above, is the largest ; the others sensibly diminish in size. The anal is very small and often wanting. The under stde is whitish, and has nearly the same markings as the upper. On the secondaries, the two curved lines of the middle are preceded, towards the base, by two or three small annular brownish spots. The ocelli are pupilled with white, and sur- rounded by a small yellow iris. Upper side of the body brownish-gray. Under side whitish-gray. Antenne brownish, with the club yellowish. Larva, whick feeds on Celtis occidentalis, is yellowish, with the sides more pale and nearly whitish. The back has a ray yellowish- green, bordered on each side by an obscure green line. The whitish part is also divided longitudinally by a green obscure ray. Head green, surmounted by two small bifid spines. The small anal points are a little raised. Chrysalis yellowish-green, a little bifid. Southern States. BolsD. AGANISTHOS Borsp. Head nearly as wide as the thorax; eyes large, prominent; an- tenne long, terminated by an elongated cylindrical club; palpi near together, converging at the extremity; thorax long, thick, very robust ; abdomen proportionately small; wings not dentate, very strong and robust; the primaries have the outer edge very emarginate and the summit prolonged, which gives them a falcate form; the secondaries are rounded, without tails, the anal angle a little prominent ; both sides destitute of ocelli. 70 LEPIDOPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA. 1. A. orion Fab. Syst. Ent. 457. A. odius Sulz. A. danae Cram. Figured in Cram. pl. 84. Sulz. Gesch. pl. 13. Boisd. et Lec. pl. 52, p. 195. Expands about five inches. Upper side of primaries brownish- black, with a fulvous, longitudinal band, which covers the anterior surface, terminating a little distance from the outer edge. On the upper edge there is an oblong white spot of moderate size. The wpper side of the secondaries is brownish-black, with the base obscure fulvous. The under side of all the wings is brown shaded with gray, with two transverse bands more deep near the base; then two black lines equally transverse, which unite towards the internal edge of the secondaries. A white spot on the primaries, corresponding with that on the upper side; the terminal edge of all the wings is grayish-white on each side. Upper side of the body fulvous, with the extremity brownish ; under side, color of the wings. Antenne ferruginous. Florida. [Most probably not found in the United States,— Major Leconte teste, M. | Boisp. Fam. VII. SATYRIDAE. Larva attenuate at the extremities and nearly pisciform, terminated by two anal points more or less prominent; head sometimes rounded, sometimes emarginate or bifid, or sur- mounted by two spines. Chrysalis cylindroid, not much angular. Perfect insect; palpi close, elevated, very hairy; body moderate; wings rather robust, abdominal edge of the secondaries forming a groove; discoidal cellule always closed; nervures of the primaries often much dilated at their origin. CHIONOBAS Boisp. Head not quite so wide as the thorax, closely connected with it; antenne terminating in an elongated club, forming insensibly and occupying nearly the half; palpi remote, covered with fine hairs; | last article very short; wings rounded ; primaries, with the costal nervure feebly inflated. The species of this genus differ from the other Satyride in } ' i CHIONOBAS. Ta their pale, dull, livid, and, as it were, diseased color, indicating their far northern habitat. 1. C. also Boisd. et Lec., p. 222. Figured in Boisd. Icones, pl. 40. Wings of a dirty grayish tint, mixed with yellow, slightly trans- parent with some small brownish atoms, a little more dense near the fringe. The primaries have a little more uniform color, deeper at the base, with an oblique shadow on the median nerve. The secondaries are sufficiently transparent to observe the markings on the opposite side. The under side of the primaries is more deeply powdered with brownish than the upper, with the upper edge and summit varie- gated with grayish and blackish. The wnder side of the secondaries is brownish to the middle, with some grayish atoms, and marbled with the same color near the external edge. The posterior portion is grayish violet, with blackish atoms and small undulations. The fringe is grayish-white, interrupted with blackish. Rocky Mountains of New Hampshire. [ Most probably Sat. semidea Say.—M ] Botsp. 2. C. balder Boisd. et Lec., p. 216. Figured in Boisd. Icones, pl. 39. Boisd. Iconograph. du Regne Animal, pl. 80. Upper side livid yellowish-brown, with the border a little more obscure. Primaries at the extremity have three pale yellow spots, of which two have a central black point. Secondaries, near the extremity, have a row of four or five pale yellow spots, cuneiform ; the one nearest the anal angle usually has a black point. Under side of primaries is more yellow than the upper, with the costal edge, apical point, and a part of the extremity, pale ash, sprinkled with brown. Under side of the secondaries brownish, varied with ash-gray ; a little bluish. It is traversed in the middle by a broad band,. dentated, and forming a suite of nearly equal angles. The edge of this band and the extremity of the wing are more gray than the rest. Fringe white and black. Body brown; antenne grayish at the base, pale testaceous to the end. North Cape—Greenland—Labrador, Boisp. 72 LEPIDOPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA, 3. C. bootes Boisd. et Lec., p. 218. Figured in Boisd. Icon. pl. 37. Upper side yellowish-brown, mixed with gray; primaries towards the extremity with a blackish marginal ray, interrupted or indis- tinct. The are which closes the discoidal cell is blackish, followed by a brownish angular impression. Upper side of secondaries yellowish, with an obscure impression on the middle and towards the base. The border is of the same color as that of the primaries, and separated from the yellowish by a blackish macular ray. Fringe grayish-white divided by black. Under side of primaries yellowish, with the summit and costal margin whitish, with brown points. The cellule is traversed by a blackish ray ; beyond this, there is another blackish ray, more dis- tinct, and bent into an acute angle on the median nerve. Under side of the secondaries is whitish, the base varied with black—a wide, sinuous band traversing the middle. Extremity russety, pointed with brown; a macular, blackish ray; nerves white. Body brown; antenne fulvous; base gray. North Cape—Labrador—Greenland. Boisp. 4. C. oeno Boisd. Figured in Boisd. Icones, pl. 39. Wings thin and delicate ; color livid brown, mixed with yel- lowish. Primaries nearly transparent at the extremity, which is more yellowish; apex and edge with some blackish atoms. Secon- daries transparent, with some black atoms towards the edge. Under side of the primaries more yellowish, with the snmmit and costal edge pointed with brownish. Under side of the secondaries is marked with white and black, traversed by a blackish band, crenate. The extremity, with black- ish atoms, forming a macular ray. Fringe white and black. Body brown. Antenne as in the preceding species. Lapland—Siberia—Labrador. Boisp. NEONYMPHA Hovsner. Body small, hairy; wings large, not diaphanous, uniformly colored above, more or less ocellated and strigose, especially be- neath. Head small and slightly hairy. Antenne very short, annulated with white, joints short, club robust, elongate; labial NEONYMPHA. 13 palpi densely clothed in front with long, straight, bristly hairs. Thorax oval, very finely hairy. Primaries large, entire, fringed with fine hairs; costal margin slightly arched, veins delicate. Secondaries sub-triangular, costal margin arched, outer angle rounded, anal angle rather obtuse, outer margin entirely fringed with long hairs. Fore legs of the males small and feathery ; fore legs of the females very small, slightly feathery. Four hind legs short, scaly. Femurs slightly clothed with hairs, tibial spurs dis- tinct, claws much curved, entire, slender. Larve elongate, thickest in the middle, longitudinally strigose, tail bifid. Chrysalis short and thick, with the head case rather incurved and obtuse. 1. N. eurythris Fab. Ent. Syst. II, 1,137. N. cymela Cram. Figured in Herbst, pl. 196. Cram. pl. 132. Boisd. et Lec. pl. 61. Wings entire, slightly brown on the upper side; primaries, at the extremity, with two black ocelli; iris yellow; double silvery pupil. These spots are separated from the outer edge by a triple blackish line. -Upper side of secondaries with three ocelli; the upper one small and widely separated from the two below; the middle one the largest, and it alone having the double silvery pupil. The female has but two spots on the upper side of the secon- daries. Under side paler, with two brown wavy lines traversing the middle. Between the two ocelli, corresponding to those on the upper side, there are two double silver points. Under side of secondaries has four spots, the upper and lower of which are the smallest. There are also two intermediary silver points, sometimes with an iris. Behind these spots are three blackish lines. Body brownish; antenne annulated with white and black; club ferruginous. United States. —Expands an inch and a half. Boisp. 2. N. gemma Hiibner. Figured in Boisd. et Lec. pl. 62. Wings entire; upper side uniform pale brown, except on the lower edge of the secondaries, where there are three or four crescent-shaped black spots. 74 LEPIDOPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA. Under side paler. From the base of all the wings to the middle, there are short brown streaks. The primaries with two transverse brown lines, the outer one wavy, and the edge with a black ray. The secondaries are traversed by two wavy lines; towards the outer border, an irregular violet spot surrounded with black, en- closing two small silver points, one at each end. Between this and the edge is a series of silver points, confluent towards the anal angle. United States. —Expands an inch and a half. Borsp. 3. N. sosybius Fab. Ent. Syst. III, 219. MN. camertus Cram. Herbst. Figured in Cram. pl. 293. Herbst, pl. 195. Boisd. et Lec. pl. 63. Wings entire, brownish; upper side without spots; round the outer edge of all are three darker lines. _ Under side, which is lighter, has three transverse, obscure, un- dulated lines. Discoidal cellule with a curved streak, and on the secondaries a similar streak extending obliquely from one line to the other, besides three fine lines round the edge. The primaries have four or five ocelli, and the secondaries six. The latter are black, with a simple white pupil and yellow iris; some of them are less distinct than others, and sometimes almost obsolete. United States. —Expands an inch and a quarter. Boisp. A, N. areolatus Godt. Encyc. Méthod. IX, 494. Figured in Sm. Abb. I, pl. 13. Boisd. et Lec. pl. 63. Wings entire, brownish ; upper side without spots. Under side paler, with two ferruginous transverse lines. Be- tween these lines there is an elongated, ferruginous circle, in which the primaries have three or four ocelli, with a bluish pupil and yellow iris; the secondaries inclose in this circle six ocelli, of which the third, fourth and fifth are oblong, with the pupil oval. Southern States. —Expands an inch and a half. Boisp. 5. N. canthus Linn. Syst. Nat. 768. NN. boisduvalli Harris. Figured in Boisd. et Lec. pl. 60. Wings entire; bright brown above, darker towards the ex- tremity, with four ocelli, two of which are not always distinct. —— EREBIA. 15 The secondaries have six ocelli; the anal one is of the ground color, with a black pupil, indistinct. Under side paler, crossed with irregular wavy lines. The pri- maries have four ocelli, with the pupil white. The secondaries have six ocelli, five of which are contiguous. United States.—Expands nearly two inches. Borsp. [Fabricius has united the following with the preceding, but Godart maintains that it is a distinct species. —J. G. M. ] 6. N. cantheus Fab. Ent. Syst. 486. Nearly the same size as WV. canthus. Upper side blackish-brown, without spots. Under side lighter, with two ferruginous, oblique, common lines. The primaries have three small indistinct eyes. The secondaries have six, of which the fifth is large; the sixth, which is at the anal angle, small. North America. GopDART. EREBIA Datmay. Club of the antenne gradual. Eyes naked. Tibia shorter than the tarsus. Only the costal of the primaries inflated. Species rather small in size; color dark brown; usually a ferruginous band or spots with small black eyes, pupils white. Sometimes the eyes are obsolete and in their stead only black spots. Under side paler; a dark band marbled. Outer edge rounded. Palpi with long hairs at the last joint; antennz not annulated. 1. E. discoidalis Kirby. Faun. Bor. Am. IV, 298, pl. 3. Body brown; antenne annulated with white; wings entire, brown; costa spotted with gray; a triangular obscure reddish tawny discoidal stripe extends from the base to the posterior mar- gin of the primaries, and is discoverable also on the under side, where the wing is faintly clouded with gray at the tip; the secon- daries underneath are indistinctly marbled and clouded with gray or whitish ; fringe whitish and brown alternately. Canada.—Expands an inch. KIRBY. 76 LEPIDOPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA. 2. E. nephele Kirby. Faun. Bor. IV, 299. Color brown above and beneath, but paler beneath. Antenne annulated with white ; knob slender. Upper side is marked with an obsoleté but broad submarginal band, in which there are two eyelets with a clouded white or bluish-white pupil, and a small black iris with a very indistinct brown ring. The posterior wings are crenate, and marked with a minute or obsolete black spot. Under side, the belt of the anterior wings is much more distinct, eyelets bright, and the outer ring of brown plain; margin of the wing traversed with two or three lines parallel to the edge. Outer half of the hind wing paler and marked with six small eyelets, which form three rows, the largest eyelet being in the middle ; the anal angles divaricate, leaving a wide triangular space. Canada. Kirpy. SATYRUS Fas. Eyes naked. Tibia long, with a spur at the end. One or two veins on the primaries inflated. Wings wide, limb of the prima- ries seldom rounded, that of the secondaries dentate. Upper side brown or black, usually with a broad whitish or yellowish band before the limb, and with ocelli in the primaries. Under side of secondaries marbled. [ Westwood, in second volume of Doubleday’s, Hewitson’s, and Westwood’s Genera, proposes to limit the genus Satyrus to those species generally of large size, which are distinguished by having the costal and median veins of the primaries dilated at the base, the sub-median being simple, and by having the eyes naked.— fo. Mii 1. S. alope Fab. E.§. III, 229. Figured in Boisd. et Lec. pl. 59. Upper side blackish-brown; under side paler and finely undu- lated with black. Primaries on both sides, with a wide, yellow ochry band, concave behind, sinuous before, touching neither the upper nor lower edge. This band bears two ocelli, with blue pupils, the lower one sometimes indistinct or obsolete. SATYRUS. Rel The wpper side of the secondaries, usually towards the anal angle, has a similar ocellated spot. The under side has a row of six; iris yellow, pupil blue, of which the two extreme and the intermediary are smallest. Body of the color of the wings; antenne annulated with white and black. The S. pegala of Fab. is most probably only a variety which has but one eye on the primaries. United States.—Expands two and a half inches. Borsp. 2. S. ariane Boisd. Upper side blackish-brown; primaries with two black ocelli pupilled with white, the iris a little paler; secondaries with a smaller eye often preceded by another small one without a pupil. Under side brown, with the markings more obscure; the eyes of the primaries with a fulvous iris, preceded by a transverse brown line, and followed near the fringe by three very fine parallel lines; that of the secondaries is traversed in the middle by two sinuous brown lines, followed by an irregular row of six small black ocelli and more or less marked with blue. The female is much larger than the male; the ocelli of the pri- maries are larger, circled with fulvous yellow; the small ocelli of the under side of the inferiors much less distinct than in the male. California. Boisp. 3. S. sthenele Boisd. Ann. Soc. Ent. 2me sér. X, 308. Upper side brown, with the fringe ash-gray, intersected with black ; that of the primaries with two small black ocelli with white pupil; that of the secondaries without spots. Under side ash-gray, deeper at the base ; that of the primaries with two larger ocelli circled with fulvous yellow, that of the secondaries traversed by a wide brown angular band and marked towards the anal angle by two small black ocelli with white pupil. California. Boisp. 4. S. pegala Fab. Ent. Syst. III, 494. Body brown; primaries obscure brown, with a wide russety band which does not reach the edge. On both sides an eye with a white pupil. 78 LEPIDOPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA. Upper side of the secondaries obscure brown, with a black eye, white pupil and yellow iris. Under side of various colors, with six eyes, of which three are united, the fifth very large. These eyes, which vary in number and form, are black, pupil whitish, and iris ferruginous. North America. GoptT. DEBIS Borsp. Body rather small, wings large; secondaries generally angulated in the middle with a row of large ocelli; eyes prominent, hairy ; labial palpi rather elongated, clothed in front with moderately short fine hair. Antenne slender, club slender, with short joints, Thorax short, thick, hairy. Primaries triangular, ovate; fore margin strongly curved, apical angle rounded, apical margin but little if at all emarginate, costal vein dilated at the base. Secon- daries subovate, more or less scolloped along the outer margin, which is generally deeply angulated or rather shortly tailed at the extremity. Fore legs very minute and thickly clothed with long silky hairs; tarsus slender, as long as the tibia, and destitute of joints or claws. Fore legs of the females rather larger than those of the males, slender, scaly, destitute of hairs; tarsal articulations concealed by scales, obliquely truncate at tip, where there are a few short spines. Tibial spurs of the hind legs rather long. 1. D. andromacha //iibn. Figured in Say, Amer. Ent. II, pl. 36. Body above and the superior surface of the wings brown; pri- maries beyond the middle, with a broad paler band, bifid before, and including a series of four fuscous oval spots or epupillate ocelli, of which the second and sometimes the third are small and the posterior one largest; between the band and the exterior edge is a single narrow pale line, sometimes obsolete; exterior edge alternately white and black; secondaries with a narrow fuscous, angulated line across the middle, and a broad pale band beyond the middle, in which is a series of five fuscous epupillate ocelli with a yellow iris, the third smallest, then the fifth, the first being largest, DEBIS. 79 exterior margin slightly tinged with rufous and with one or two fuscous lines. Under side perlaceous, with a brown narrow band before the middle ; beyond which is a broad lighter perlaceous band, in which on the primaries are four epupillate ocelli, two or three anterior ones small, and on the secondaries are six ocellate spots, consisting of a fuscous spot surrounded by a yellow line and having a white pupil ; first spot distant, third small, fifth double; exterior margin with a yellow line. Larva long, subcylindric, striate ; head with two erect horns; body terminating in two porrected points. Chrysalis short, thick, constricted across the abdomen. North and West. Say. 2. D. portlandia Fab. Ent. Syst. II, 103. Figured in Boisd. et Lec. pl. 58. Upper side pale livid brown, inclining to russety, with three large black eyes on the primaries and five on the secondaries. These eyes have no pupils and are surrounded with a yellow iris. Sometimes the primaries have 4 small intermediate eye between the first and second, and the secondaries have a sixth small anal eye. The wnder side is paler than the upper, with a violet reflection, traversed by two brown sinuous rays, between which there is a discoidal are of the same color. - The eyes are neater and blacker than above, with the iris yellow; those of the primaries are in- closed in an oblong white ring, and the first is often pupilled with white ; those of the secondaries are nearly all pupilled with white, the anal is double and the pupils oblong. Besides this, the eyes are preceded on all the wings by a white sinuous band, and fol- lowed by a line of the same color, which is double in the secon- daries. The marginal edge is fulvous yellow. Antennx yellowish; body of the color of the wings. Larva feeds on grasses; green, with two white dorsal lines and a lateral band of the same color. The anal points are prominent, rosy white; head surmounted by two points of the same color, which are elevated in the form of ears; the under side of the abdo- men and the feet are whitish-green. Georgia. Boisp. 80 LEPIDOPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA. COEONYMPHA WEstwoop. Body small, wings entire, rounded, sometimes entirely destitute of ocellated spots; the three principal nerves of the primaries inflated at the base; fringe long, costal edge moderately arcuated ; secondaries oval and triangular, fringe long, external edge convex and entire, internal edge usually emarginate towards the end; antenne thin, not annulated with black, club ovoid, elongate; labial palpi much compressed, straight, hairy in front; head small, hairy, without a frontal tuft; eyes prominent, naked; abdomen moderately long, thin. 1. C. semidea Say. Amer. Ent. III, pl. 50. Body black, immaculate ; antennz fuscous, beneath bright ru- fous toward the tip, the club very gradually formed; primaries brown, the costal margin with alternate black and white spots; beneath dull ochreous, with obsolete, transverse, abbreviated, blackish lines ; costal and broad tip margin alternated with vivid black and white lines ; secondaries dark brown; towards the pos- terior margin obscure ochreous, with obsolete abbreviated, black- ish, transverse lines; posterior margin with a slender black line and dirty white edging; beneath marbled with black and white, the black prevailing across the middle and base of the wing. White Mountains of New Hampshire. Say. 2. C. galactina Boisd. Ann. Soc. Ent. 2me sér. X, 309. Upper side white, a little yellowish; without any other spot than by the transparency of the other side. Under side of the primaries with a small black eye at the sum- mit, most frequently without a pupil, preceded from the side of the base by a ferruginous transverse line a little bent; that of the secondaries washed with gray, and this part more obscure is sepa- rated from the other by a sinuous ray, followed by one, two, three or four small black eyes, often without pupils. California. Botsp. CALISTO. ARGUS. 81 CALISTO Husy. The hairy eyes, the dilatation of the base of the costal and median veins of the primaries, the insertion of all the branches of the post-costal veins beyond the extremity of the discoidal veins, the strongly angulated middle disco-cellular vein and the lobed secondaries, distinguish this genus. 1. C. zangis Fab. E.S. III,218. C.agnesCram. Figured in Cram. pl. 325. Herbst, pl. 203. Upper side brownish-black velvety, a little paler towards the tip; a small black eye with a yellow iris at the lobe of the se- condaries. Under side ferruginous, with four black transverse and undulated lines, of which two are between the base and the middle, the other two near the terminal edge. Primaries, opposite the summit, have a large black eye, with a russety iris and a double white pupil. Secondaries have two eyes, of which the anal one is like that on the upper side, the other similar to that of the primaries, but a little oblong and surmounted with three white points. Body of the color of the wings. Carolina. —Expands an inch and a half. Encyc. Méra. Fam. VIII. LYCAENIDAE. Larva in the form of Oniscus (wood-louse.) Chrysalis short, obtuse at both ends. Perfect insect; abdominal edge em- bracing a little portion of the abdomen. Discoidal cellule closed apparently by a small nerviform prominence. Hooks of the tarsi very small. ARGUS Livy. Head smaller than the thorax ; palp? bent; second article co- vered with short and thick-set hairs; the last article naked, thin and filiform; @xtenne moniliform, terminated by fusiform club, compressed laterally at its extremity. The color of Argus is _ usually blue. The under side presents a number of small spots 6 82 LEPIDOPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA, or ocellated points, and often a marginal band of yellow spots. The females differ from the males in being often brown or blackish. Wings rounded, and ordinarily without tails. Some species have a small filiform process. 1. A. filenus Poey, Cent. A. Hanno? Hiibn. A. ubaldus Godt. A. pseu- doptiletes Boisd. Figured in Hiibn. Exot. Samml. Cram. 390. L. M. Boisd. et Lec. pl. 35, p. 114. Upper side of the male blue, with a slight black border; fringe whitish. In both sexes there is a small black round spot near the marginal edge of the secondaries. Under side ash-gray, usually more pale in the male than in the female, with a discoidal crescent on the middle of each, and three sinuous, common bands, formed of small black spots circled with white, of which the posterior are a little less distinct and somewhat — sagittate. The space which separates the internal band of the median is usually whiter than the rest, and forms a band of small white quadrangular spots. The base of the secondaries has a transverse row of three very black points, circled with white; of which the external is largest. The secondaries have on the mar- ginal edge and near the anal angle, a black eye, more or less circled with yellow, sprinkled behind with golden-green atoms. Southern States.—Expands three-fourths of an inch. - Borsp. 2. A. pseudargiolus Boisd. et Lec. Figured in Boisd. et Lec. pl. 36, p. 118. Upper side of the male tender violet blue, with a slight black edge, often widened on the primaries. Fringe whitish and black. Upper side of the female paler blue and less violet, a wide black border on the primaries, and a marginal row of black points; a small black are at the extremity of the discoidal cellule. . Under side obscure gray, with a brown discoidal streak, a trans- verse sinuous line of black points a little circled with white, and a marginal row of brownish triangular crescents, each one supported | by a point more obscure. At the base of the primaries, a trans- verse row of three distinct black points. Larva green, pubescent; back yellowish; a median interrupted _ ray, cut transversely by a wide arc; oblique streaks on the sides; _ near the feet a marginal ray, dark green; head black. POLYOMMATUS. 83 Chrysalis reddish ; wing envelopes greenish; back with four rows of obscure spots. United States.—Expands an inch. Botsp. POLYOMMATUS Latr. Palpi very straight; last article naked, rather long and subu- late ; head more narrow than the thorax; antenne long, terminated by a fusiform elongated club; anal angle of the secondaries in most males a little prolonged; posterior edge usually somewhat emarginate before this angle, in the females. Ground color of the wings more or less lively fulvous, at least in one of the sexes. The females always have some black points on the upper side. 1. P. comyntas Godt. Encyc. Méthod. IX, 660. Figured in Boisd. et Lec. pl. 36, p. 120. Upper side of the male violet blue, posterior edge blackish. Upper side of the female blackish-brown, sometimes uniform, sometimes with the base covered with bluish dust. Fringe white in both sexes; secondaries, with a marginal row of small round spots, of which one or two, near the filiform tail, are surmounted with a reddish are. Under side gray, with a central arc, then a flexuous line of _ small ocellate points, circled with white, and two marginal lines of small brownish spots. Secondaries, with a row of two or three basal black points, and two anal triangular crescents, reddish- yellow, with black ends, each supported on a very black point, but separated from it by a small are of shining gold-green atoms. Larva dirty greenish-white; an interrupted dorsal ray, and oblique lateral russety streaks; near the head, a transverse streak blackish, and near the tail, two greenish triangular spots. Head black. Chrysalis yellowish ; wing envelopes paler, and four dorsal rows of obscure points. United States.—Expands a little over an inch. Borsp. 84 LEPIDOPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA. 2. P. phlaeas Linn. Syst. Nat. 793. Figured in most European authors. Upper side of the primaries in both sexes shining fulvous, with the upper and side edge blackish-brown, and eight large black points. Secondaries blackish-brown, with a central arc and some deeper points ; then a fulvous crenated band, sometimes surmounted by a row of four or five blue points. Under side of the primaries grayish-ash, with fifteen small scat- tered points, and a flexuous line. Larva, which feeds on Rumex, is green, pubescent, with a rosy dorsal and marginal line, or sometimes pale green. Chrysalis grayish, with obscure points on the back. United States, Europe, Africa, &«.—Expands over an inch. Borsp. 3. P. hypophlaeas Boisd. Ann. Soc. Ent. 2me sér. X, 293. Closely resembles P. phleas, but is smaller, with the points more distinct, the wings more rounded; under side of the secondaries white-ashy, with the yellow marginal band strongly marked. North of California and Northern United States. Boisp. 4. P. thoe Boisd. et Lec. Figured in Guér. Rég. Anim. pl. 81. Boisd. et Lec. pl. 38, p. 125. Upper side of the male brownish, with a violet reflection and a light blackish border; three black points, of which two are in the discoidal cellule. Secondaries have on the terminal edge an orange fulvous band, crenated behind, and a blackish are on the end of the discoidal cellule. Upper side of the primaries of the female fulvous, with a blackish border, and some black discoidal points, of which two or three are in the cellule, and the others disposed in a transverse line. That of the secondaries brownish, with some scattered brownish points disposed nearly as on the primaries, and a fulvous marginal band as in the male, but paler. Under side in both sexes the same. Primaries fulvous, with the posterior edge ashy, two or three sinuous rows of black points, and four similar points between the base of the wing and the internal row. POLYOMMATUS. 85 Under side of secondaries pale ashy, with a fulvous band as above ; some black points circled with white, without order, to- wards the base, but regular towards the extremity. Fringe of secondaries white and black. United States.—Expands over an inch. Botsp. 5. P. epixanthe Boisd. et Lec. Figured in Boisd. et Lec. pl. 38, p. 127. Upper side brownish-black, with scattered black points. Pri- maries with the costal edge a little reddish; secondaries with a narrow marginal fulvous band, crenated behind. Fringe grayish. Under side yellowish; primaries, with about fifteen black points disposed as in the analogous species; secondaries, with black points, but small; a crenated band of a more lively tint than that on the upper side. Western States.—Expands about an inch. Boisp. 6. P. crataegi Boisd. et Lec. P. tarquinius Fab. Figured in Boisd. et Lec. pl. 37, p. 128. Wings, blackish-brown ; primaries, with a longitudinal sinuous yellow band, irregular at its extremity, and marked towards the base by a blackish interrupted line. Secondaries, with the lower limb bright yellow, and a marginal series of black points. Primaries of the female yellowish, with a crenate black border and two longitudinal interrupted black bands, the anterior the longer, and divided into three parts. Secondaries with the ex- tremity yellowish, and four to six black points disposed in two rows. The under side is reddish-yellow, glossed with whitish, with deeper spots slightly circled with white on the secondaries; pri- _ maries, with all the disk, of a yellowish tint. Larva, which feeds on Crataegus, is green, with three dorsal white rays, and one at the base of the feet. Chrysalis grayish ; back darker, marked with prominent tuber- cles. Hind extremity pointed and a little arcuate. United States. —Expands an inch and a half. Bolsp. 86 LEPIDOPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA. 7. P. helloides Boisd. Ann. Soc. Ent. 2me sér. X, 292. Upper side smoky yellow, with a beautiful violet reflection in the male. Markings nearly as in P. phleas, except that the latter has only one black point towards the base of the primaries, whilst this species has two. Under side of primaries nearly similar to P. phleas ; that of the secondaries reddish-gray, with a row of marginal lunules bright ferruginous. San Francisco. Boisp. 8. P. gorgon Boisd. Ann. Soc. Ent. 2me sér. X, 292. Upper side with a bright violet reflection, a small black border, and the fringe intersected with white ; primaries with a small sub- costal black point ; secondaries with a fulvous anal streak. Upper side of the female dull brown, spotted with fulvous, as in the allied species, but of a paler tint. Under side of both sexes russety on the primaries, pale grayish on the secondaries, with a great number of ocellate black points on each wing, and a row of fulvous marginal spots on the secon- daries. Mountains of California. Botsp. 9. P. xanthoides Boisd. Ann. Soc. Ent. 2me sér. X, 292. Size and general appearance of P. gorgon. Under side of the male pale ashy-brown, rather glossy, with a black edge and white fringe slightly cut by the black of the nerves. Primaries with a small subcostal black streak, preceded by a small point of the same color; secondaries with a fulvous marginal streak towards the anal angle, and marked with two or three mar- ginal black points in a line, and united with the border. Under side russety gray, with a great number of black points; that of the secondaries with two or three fulvous lunules towards the anal angle, preceded by a ray paler than the general tint. Mountains of California. Rare. Borsp. 10. P. arota Boisd. Ann. Soc. Ent. 2me sér. X, 293. Upper side of the male brown, with a glossy red reflection, and some small points which are transparent from the opposite surface ; mh craic Oh teeny ss —_ . POLYOMMATUS. 87 anal angle of secondaries with two small black marginal points, one on each side of the tail. Upper side of the female brown, with the disk of the primaries and the greater part of the secondaries fulvous, spotted with black. Under side of the primaries fulvous, the extremity ashy, with a great number of ocellate black points. Under side of secondaries ashy, with smaller points and less dis- tinct, a whitish band, terminal, sinuous within, deeper towards the fringe, and marked on each side of the tail with a black point. Distinguished from the allied species by the small tail. California. Boisp. ll. P. amyntula Boisd. Ann. Soc. Ent. 2me sér. X, 294. Very similar to P. comyntas, of which it may be only a variety. It differs from it in the male not having fulvous lunules on the upper side, and in the under side of both sexes being more white, with smaller points; and finally, in having only the anal lunule powdered with golden atoms. California. Boisp. 12. P. exilis Boisd. Ann. Soc. Ent. 2me sér. X, 295. The smallest species known. Upper side clear brown; secondaries paler, with a blackish border. Under side of primaries very clear brown, with white interrupted transverse striz, more or less distinct. Under side of secondaries white, with brown striae and a mar- ginal row of seven black ocelli powdered with golden atoms. California. Boisp. 13. P. antaegon Boisd. Ann. Soc. Ent. 2me sér. X, 295. P. acmon? Westw. and Hewits. Gen. Diurn. Lep. pl. 76, fig. 1. Upper side beautiful violet blue, with a small blackish border and white fringe; inferiors with ante-marginal border fulvous, resting on a series of black points. Under side ash-gray, with a great number of distinct and neat black points. That of the secondaries has before the border a fulvous interrupted band, resting on a row of black ocelli, pow- 88 LEPIDOPTERA OF NORTH AMERIOA. dered with very brilliant golden atoms; a black point between the base and the discoidal spot of the primaries. The female is sometimes all blue, sometimes only at the base, and sometimes nearly black. In every case the band of the upper side of the secondaries is always more distinct than in the male. ' California. Bolsp. 14. P. xerces Boisd. Ann. Soc. Ent. 2me sér. X, 296. Upper side of the male, blue; that of the female brown, with some blue atoms at the base, without any other spot. Under side of both sexes dark gray, with a central spot and a sinuous interrupted band, formed of large white points; no mar- ginal lunules. California. _ 15. P. saepiolus Boisd. Ann. Soc. Ent. 2me sér. X, 297. Upper side blue, with a black border, wide on the primaries, more narrow on the secondaries, the primaries having besides a black costal point. Female entirely black, or powdered with blue at the base. Under side ash-gray in the male, dark gray in the female, with — a great number of black points as in the analogous species; that of the secondaries with three or four fulvous marginal lunules, more distinct in the female. Mountains of California. 16. P. icarioides Boisd. Ann. Soc. Ent. 2me sér. X, 297. Upper side violet blue, with a small black border and white fringe. That of the secondaries with the border interrupted, forming a series of marginal black points. ‘ Under side clear and white; that of the primaries with a dis- coidal lunule and a transverse sinuous line formed of black ocel- late spots; that of the secondaries with a central lunule and two sinuous rows of white points scarcely pupilled with black. Female brown, with the under side rather dark brownish-gray, marked with a central lunule and two rows of distinct ocellate black points. Mountains of California, ; POLYOMMATUS. 89 17. P. pheres Boisd. Ann. Soc. Ent. 2me sér. X, 297. Upper side violet blue. Under side ashy-white; that of the primaries with a small discoidal cellule and a sinuous line of ocel- late black points; that of the secondaries with white spots not ocellate. Female brown, with the base more or less bluish. San Francisco. 18. P. heteronea Boisd. Ann. Soc. Ent. 2me sér. X, 297. Upper side violet blue, with a small blackish edge, white fringe, and very prominent nerves. Under side ashy-white; that of the primaries with a point and central lunule black, followed by two parallel sinuous lines of black points. Under side of secondaries with two parallel rows of small obso- lete spots, whitish-gray, little distinct from the ground color. Upper side of the female brown, with the disk more or less’ fulvous, pointed with black, and traversed by a sinuous line of large black points. Under side like that of the male. Mountains of Northern California. 19. P. enoptes Boisd. Ann. Soc. Ent. 2me sér. X, 298. Upper side violet blue, with a rather wide black border; the fringe intersected with white and black on the primaries ote entirely whitish on the secondaries. Under side ashy-white, with a great number of black ocellate points; the two striz of posterior points are separated on the secondaries by a series of five yellow lunules. California. Botsp. r , 20. P. piasus Boisd. Ann. Soc. Ent. 2me sér, X, 299. Upper side blue, fringe whitish ; that of the female with a blackish border on all the wings. Under side of both sexes ashy-white, with a multitude of black ocellate points disposed as in the analogous species. Those of the posterior row are followed by one of clear white, which forms a transverse band, and occupies the whole space between it and the crescents of the extremity, which are nearly effaced, and resting 90 LEPIDOPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA. behind on a grayish marginal band, crenate, more obscure than the ground color. California. : Boisp. 21. P. antiacis Boisd. Ann. Soc. Ent. 2me sér. X, 300. Upper side violet blue, with a slender black margin and whitish fringe. Under side ash-gray, with the base greenish-blue; a transverse line of black points strongly ocellate with white, near the ex- tremity, preceded on the primaries by a central lunule and on the secondaries by a central lunule and two ocellate points. Female blackish above, with the base more or less bluish. San Francisco. Bolsp. 22. P. dorcas Kirby. Faun. Bor. IV, 299. Figured in Kirby Faun. Bor. Amer. IV, pl. 4, fig. 1. Body black above, white below. Antenne black, with white rings. Knob tipped with orange; wings brown, with a reddish tint, underneath tawny ; primaries with an angular band, formed by faint black spots; behind these nearer the costa is a black bar, above which are two more spots; between the band and the pos- terior margin are three more black spots, arranged transversely, and above the base are three more black spots forming a triangle; the secondaries have a slight sinus near the anal angle, the fringe of which projects so as to assume the appearance of -a short tail ; across the disk runs an angular band formed of faint black spots, above which is a crescent of the same color; at the anal angle is an orange-colored angular bar, or abbreviated band; underneath, these wings have several indistinct black dots, the three external ones of which form an obtuse angle with the four internal ones. , “This species seems to be the American representation of P. phleas, but its color is much less vivid.” Canada. Kirby. 23. P. lucia Kirby. Faun. Bor. IV, 299. Figured in Kirby Faun, Amer. Bor. IV, pl. 3, fig. 8, 9. Wings above silvery blue, terminating, especially at the poste- rior margin, in a very slender black line; fringe white, barred THECLA. 91 with black; primaries underneath ash-colored, mottled with white; in the disk is a black crescent and a curved macular band, consist- ing of mostly oblique black crescents edged with white, especially on their under side. The wing terminates posteriorly in a broadish brown band, formed chiefly by obsolete eyelets; secondaries brown, underneath spotted and striped with black and white ; towards the posterior margin the white spots are arranged in a transverse band parallel with it, and as in the primaries; the wing terminates in several obsolete eyelets. Canada.—Expands one inch. KIRBY. 24. P. americana Harris MS. The fore wings on the upper side are coppery-red, with about eight small square black spots, and the hind margin broadly bor- dered with dusky-brown ; the hind wings are dusky-brown, with a few small black spots on the middle, and a broad coppery-red band . on the hind margin. The wings expand from 1,4, to 1} inch. The caterpillar is long oval, and slightly convex above, and of a greenish color; it probably lives like the P. pleas, on the leaves of dock and sorrel. The chrysalis, which is usually suspended under a stone, is light yellowish-brown and spotted with black dots. Massachusetts. Harris. THECLA Fas. Palpi nearly straight, sometimes longer than the head; last article naked, rather long, subulate or a little acicular; head more narrow than the thorax ; eyes rather prominent; antenne of mode- rate length, terminated by a club usually elongate and sometimes nearly fusiform ; secondaries prolonged in one or more thin tails, sometimes but rarely simply dentate. 1. T. halesus Fab. Syst. emend. III, 273. 7. dolichos Hiibn. Figured in Cram. 98. Herbst, pl. 295. Hiibn. Zutr. 219. Boisd. et Lec. pl. 25, p. 83. Upper side of the males, beautiful glossy blue. Primaries have at the extremity a black border of moderate width. Secondaries 92 LEPIDOPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA. terminated by two black tails, of which the external one is much shorter. At the external angle, near the summit, there is a wide black border, which does not reach the anal angle. ‘The latter is extended somewhat in the form of a spatule, powdered on both sides with golden atoms, which extend to the base of the tails. The upper side of the females is pale greenish-blue, and this color extends scarcely beyond the middle of the wings; spatule and base of the tails, as in the males. Under side of all the wings in both sexes is brownish-black, with three red spots, of which one is at the base of the primaries, and the two others at the base of the secondaries. The latter have besides, towards the anal angle, a macular ray of golden green, followed by several white spots, powdered with some golden atoms. The males often have along the edge of the superiors, a blue ray, more or less distinct. Body and thorax above of the color of the wings. ie Abdomen red below and on the sides, and in some specimens this color extends to the back. Under side of the breast black, with some white points which extend to the base of the primaries. Head pointed with white; antenne black, with the club more fusiform than in most of the species of this genus. Larva, which feeds on Quercus, green, slightly pubescent. Head and scaly feet testaceous. On the back, there is a small ray, and on the sides nine oblique bands of obscure green. At the base of the feet, a marginal ray-of greenish-yellow. Chrysalis russety, pointed with brown. Southern States. —Expands an inch and a half. Botsp. 2. T. M-album Boisd. et Zec. Figured in Boisd. et Lec. pl. 26, p. 86. A size smaller than 7. halesus. Upper side of the male blue, a little violet, with a wide black border commencing at the base of the primaries and extending nearly all round. The upper side of the female is a little more pale, and the black _ border is usually wider. In both sexes, the secondaries are furnished with two small black tails, of which the external one is shorter. The under side of the wings is cinereous; that of the primaries is traversed towards the middle by a small white ray which begins THECLA. 93 on the upper edge and ends on the median nervure. The secon- daries have beyond the middle a whitish line, straight in its first - half, angular towards the anal angle, where it describes a kind of M, and then continuing to the side. Between this line and the outer edge there is another line, less distinct, shaded outwardly with blackish, interrupted by a red spot, situated in the space between the two tails. The anal angle has a black spatule, sepa- rated from the internal tail by a square pale blue spot. At the base of the tails there is a small white or grayish line which sepa- rates the fringe, which is also white in this part of the wings. The base of the upper edge of the primaries is reddish, and the middle of the secondaries, near the upper edge, is marked with a whitish point. Body, bluish above; ashy gray below. Antenne blackish, annulate with white; club blackish, tipped with fulvous. In some specimens there is a small red spot on the spatule of the anal angle. Larva slightly pubescent, pale green, a little yellowish, with a dorsal ray and seven oblique streaks, green. Head black ; marginal ray yellow, slightly shaded with obscure green on its upper side. Feeds on Quercus. Chrysalis brownish-gray, with the anterior part and envelope of the wings pale gray, a little greenish. Southern States.. Botsp. 3. T. psyche Boisd. et Lec. p. 88. Figured in Boisd. et Lec. pl. 27. Same size as Z. M-album, and most probably a mere variety. The four wings glossy blue, a little violet, with a wide black border asin 7. M-album. The primaries sometimes have the costal margin a little reddish at the origin. Secondaries with two tails; generally a small red spot at the anal angle; sometimes a small white spot on the disk of the pri- maries, in the male. Under side dark, cinereous. Primaries traversed in the upper half by two whitish rays, meeting at their lower extremity. Secon- daries traversed to the middle by a white ray describing a sort of M. Between this ray and the external edge there is another, which is interrupted between the two tails by ared spot. Near 94 LEPIDOPTERA OF NORTH AMERIOA. the larger tail there is a bluish space, bordered interiorly with black. Southern States. Boisp. 4. T. hyperici Boisd. et Lec. p. 90. TJ. favonius? Boisd. Figured in Boisd. et Lec. pl. 28. Probably a variety of 7. favonius. Upper side blackish-brown, uniform in the female, a more obscure tint in the disk of the male, forming a sort of indistinct spot. The secondaries have two tails, of which the internal is the longer. *They are preceded by one or two fulvous crescents, sup- ported by a black spot, separated from the fringe by a pale bluish- gray ray. The edge of the anal spatule is also a mi bordered with fulvous. The under side of the wings is ash-gray. The primaries are traversed in their posterior half by two rather wavy rays, of which the anterior one is white, bordered with reddish-brown, and the other brown, feebly lined with whitish. The secondaries are traversed by two white rays, shaded with brown before. The anterior one is angular towards the anal angle, and the other is interrupted between the two tails by a fulvous spot, marked with black behind. The anal spatule is more widely fulvous than above, and between this and the other fulvous spot there is a space of pale blue. Besides these, the four wings have at the origin of the fringe a small brownish line more or less appa- rent, and the costal edge is a little marked with fulvous at its origin. Body like the wings; lower side of the head and the extremity of the abdomen of the female a little fulvous. Antenne blackish, with white rings; club tipped with reddish. Breast and under side of abdomen white. Larva above reddish, with three brown rays, of which one is on — the back. Lower side of abdomen, head and feet, green. Feeds on Hypericum. Chrysalis yellowish, with the rings of the abdomen a little violet, marked with four rows of black points. Southern States.—Expands a little over an inch. Bosb. THECLA. 95 5. T. falacer Godt. Encyc. Méthod. IX, 633. TJ. calanus Hiibn. Figured in Boisd. et Lec. pl. 29, p. 92. Upper side uniform brownish-black. Primaries with a small, oval, grayish shining spot on the disk of the males. Secondaries terminated by two small tails, a little whitish at the extremity, of which the internal one is much the longer. At the base of these tails, near the fringe, there is a small grayish-white line, sometimes preceded by an indistinct fulvous spot. Under side ashy brown, with a short, geminate, bluish ray on the disk of each wing. The primaries are traversed by two small rays of bluish-white, shaded with brown on one of their sides, of which the exterior is indistinct. The secondaries are traversed by two similar rays which form an angle towards the abdominal edge. Between the tails there is a fulvous spot, bordered with black on the outer side, followed by one or two small spots of the same color—an ashy blue space, bordered with a black spatule. The anal emargination is also bordered with fulvous ; a small white marginal line at the fringe. Body, like the wings; breast, with some bluish hairs ; abdomen whitish. Antenne blackish, with white rings; club blackish. Larva, which feeds on Orataegus, pale russety ; a little greenish on the sides, which are marked with oblique brown streaks; a wide brown band on the back, which disappears on the middle rings, where it is replaced by two parallel brown lines; the brown band reappears on the posterior rings. Chrysalis yellowish-brown, powdered with brown atoms, Southern States.—Expands a little over an inch, Boisp. 6. T. favonius? Godt. Encyc. Méthod. IX, 635. TZ. melinus? Hiibn. T. humuli Har. Figured in Sm. Abb. pl. 14. Boisd. et Lec. pl. 30. Form and size of Z. falacer. ‘Upper side dusky brown, with a tint of blue gray; and in the males there is an oval darker spot near the front edge; the secondaries have two short thread-like tails, the inner one the longer and tipped with white; along the hind margin of these same wings is a row of little pale blue spots, interrupted by a large orange-red crescent, inclosing a small black spot; under side slate gray, with two wavy streaks of brown, edged on one side with white; and on the secondaries an orange- 96 LEPIDOPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA. colored spot near the hind angle, and a larger spot of the same color inclosing a black dot just before the tails. It expands one inch and one-tenth.” Larva feeds on Humulus (Hop). Harnis, Ins. Mass., p. 217, ed. 1842.! 7. T. liparops Boisd. et Lec. p- 99. TZ. favonius Sm. Abb. Figured in Boisd. et Lec. pl. 31. Form and size of 7. falacer. Upper side clear brown; on the disk of the primaries a fulvous, oblong spot, transversely disposed and mingling more or less with the ground color. In the female? this fulvous space is preceded by a small black spot. Secondaries terminated by two tails, of which the internal is the longer. Between these tails, usually a fulvous spot in the female. In both sexes, there is a small black spot at the base of each tail, separated from the fringe by a whitish or bluish ray. The anal spatule is also marked by a blackish spot surmounted with a little white. Under side pale ash-gray; primaries traversed by four white — lines, more or less distinct, after uniting towards the lower edge. Between these lines and the outer edge there is another sinuous white line. Secondaries traversed by two double rays, of which the anterior form a sharp angle below. Behind these rays, there is a fulvous macular band, formed of from three to six spots, bor- dered slightly with black. Anal spatule is marked with a little black, and between it and the long tail there is a bluish space. Under side of the body like the wings. Breast, abdomen below, and feet grayish-white. Antenne black, with white rings; club tipped with fulvous. Larva yellowish-green, with a dorsal line and eight oblique streaks of dark green. Marginal ray green, yellow below. 1 There is an almost inextricable confusion in the determination of these species. J. humulus Harr. has been mistaken for 7. favonius Sm. Abb., but is different. Boisd. has figured this species as F. favonius in Boisd. et Lec. pl. 30, but he is doubtful himself of its correctness. He says, “I am by no means certain that Abbot’s Favonius is the same as the one I give. siteyien 2's After having carefully examined my specimens and attentively compared them with the original drawings and notes of Abbot, I have come to the conclusion that my Hyperici is the same as my Favonius. . «. and that 7. liparops is the true FYavonius.” THECLA. 97 Chrysalis ash-gray, with two rows of blackish points on each side of the abdominal rings. Southern States. Borsp. 8. T. iris Godt. Encyc. Méthod. IX, 674. Figured in Boisd. et Lee. pl. 31, p. 101. Upper side of the male blackish-brown, with a small grayish ovoid spot near the costal edge ; the female is deeper brown, with the extremity more or less russety. Wings denticulate ; fringe whitish. Under side brown, with a white transverse line, sinuous. Ex- tremity of the wings a little russety, divided by an indistinct ray, divided by the nervures. The extremity of the secondaries are powdered with ash-gray, and divided by a transverse interrupted line of brown purple, often marked by one or two small brown spots. The base is slightly powdered with gray, and separated from the tint of the middle by a wavy transverse line. , Larva, which feeds on Vaccinium, is yellowish-green, with two dorsal interrupted rays; one lateral ray and eight oblique streaks pale green. Chrysalis ferruginous, pubescent; two longitudinal obscure rays. Georgia.—Expands an inch and an eighth. GopaRtT. 9. T. arsace Boisd. et Lec. Figured in Boisd. et Lec. pl. 32, p. 103. Same size as 7’. tris, and in some respects similar. Upper side of the male brownish-black, with a small ovoid spot near the costal edge; the female is deeper brown, with the ex- tremity reddish-yellow, forming on the primaries a large spot mingling with the ground color, and on the secondaries a smaller spot situated near the anal angle. Wings denticulate as in 7. cris. Under side brown, traversed in the middle by a sinuous brown line ; extremity of the primaries paler, divided by two transverse rays more obscure and indistinct ; extremity of the secondaries is .powdered with gray as in 7. iris, divided by a row of indistinct brownish spots, and forming nearly a curved ray. Larva reddish; back white from the second to the ninth ring, and divided by two parallel interrupted lines of obscure green. Near the base of the feet, there is a marginal ray of the same color, 7 98 LEPIDOPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA. bordered with white below, and between that and the dorsal rays a row of seven or eight oblique streaks. Chrysalis reddish before, and the wing envelopes greenish. Southern States. . Botsp. 10. T. niphon Hiibn. Figured in Hiibn. Zutr. fig. 203. Boisd. et Lec. pl. 33, p. 105. . Size, color, and wpper side markings of 7. ir’s and 7. arsace. Under side rather clear russety brown; the discoidal cellule of the primaries has two black transverse streaks, and beyond the middle a black sinuous ray edged with white, followed by a row of black sagittate spots, uniting in a curved wavy line, separated from the fringe by small grayish spaces. The secondaries are traversed by two tortuous black rays, of which the one towards the base is edged with white within and the other with white without, and connecting with the ray of the primaries. Between these two rays there is a black streak, and the outer one is followed by an angular black ray, of which the posterior concavity is filled by a pale tint, which separates it from a marginal purple line, more or less mingling near the fringe, with an ashy tint. Larva green, pubescent, with three longitudinal rays on the back, the middle one pale yellow, the other two white. Near the feet, usually a small marginal white line. Head brown. Feeds on Pinus. Chrysalis grayish, with four rows of small spots, of which the two middle ones are blackish and indistinct, and the others ferru- ginous. Georgia and Florida. Boisp. ll. T. smilacis Boisd. Figured in Boisd. et Lec. pl. 33, p. 107. Upper side blackish-brown, with a pale whitish spot near the middle of the costal edge; the secondaries have two thin tails, as in the analogous species. Under side greenish, often washed with a little reddish, with a transverse whitish ray sinuous on the primaries, tortuous on the secondaries, bordered in front by a ferruginous tint. Between this ray and the base, the secondaries have another short transverse sinuous ray of the same color. The extremity is marked by two or three ashy crescents, of which the intermediary is black in front, THECLA. 99 and the third in a line with two or three small ferruginous spots, more or less distinct. The anal palette is black, and near the fringe there is a small white marginal line. Larva, which feeds on Smilax, is green, with the head and feet ‘blackish. It has four rows of red spots, of which the two dorsal are formed of smaller spots, and one on each side composed of spots somewhat larger. Chrysalis grayish-brown, with the abdomen more clear and reddish. Botsp. 12. T. sylvinus Boisd. Ann. Soc. Ent. 2me sér. X, 287. Upper side brownish-black in both sexes, with a stigma on the primaries of the male, and one or two fulvous spots near the anal angle of the secondaries of the female. Under side pale ashy, with a small discoidal spot on each wing, and two sinuous striz of points of the same color towards the extremity ; the anal angle of the secondaries with a space of bluish ashy, preceded before the tail by a yellow lunule supported by a black point. California. Boisp. 13. T. auretorum Boisd. Ann. Soc. Ent. 2me sér. X, 287. Upper side blackish-brown, with a stigma on the primaries and two obsolete fulvous spots towards the anal angle of the seconda- ries. Under side brown, with two wavy rays on the secondaries, blackish, indistinct, of which the posterior is nearly marginal and supported in two small fulvous crescents; edge of the anal angle black. California. Botsp. 14. T. saepium Boisd. Ann. Soc. Ent. 2me sér. X, 287. Upper side reddish-brown, without spots, in both sexes; the male with a stigma on the primaries. Under side brown, a little more pale towards the extremity, traversed a little beyond the © middle by a small white line, wavy, and near the extremity by a line more obscure, obsolete, equally sinuous, blending towards the anal angle of the secondaries into a grayish-blue space preceded by a small black crescent. California. Boisp. 100 LEPIDOPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA. 15. T. grunus Boisd. Ann. Soc. Ent. 2me sér. X, 289. Female ; upper side brown, with the disk obscure fulvous, espe- cially on the secondaries. Under side pale yellowish, traversed a little beyond the middle by an indistinct ferruginous line. On the right and left of the tail there is a small fulvous crescent, sur- mounted by a blackish are. California. Boisp. 16. T. iroides Boisd. Ann. Soc. Ent. 2me. sér. X, 289. Upper side brown, without spots in the male, the disk a little ferruginous in the female, and angle of the secondaries deeply emarginate. Under side brown. Under side of secondaries fer- ruginous brown, sometimes a little vinous, with the base widely obscure, and the extremity with a row of blackish points, more or less distinct. California. Botsp. _ 17. T. eriphon Boisd. Ann. Soc. Ent. 2me sér. X, 289. Upper side brown, with the disk more or less marked with fer- ruginous. Under side paler brown; that of the primaries with a small central point, an undulated ray, edged with white and mar- ginal sagittate spots, blackish; that of the secondaries washed with vinous red, and traversed by three black rays profoundly sinuous, edged with white, of which the posterior is serrate, form- ing sagittate spots. California. are. Botsp. 18. T. dumetorum Boisd. Ann. Soc. Ent. 2me sér. X, 291. Wings olive brown, without spots ; anal palette of the seconda- ries nearly obsolete. Under side of primaries russety, a little greenish; that of the inferiors greenish, with a transverse row of small white points. California. Boisp. 19. T. damastus Godt. Encyc. Méthod. IX, 640. TJ. damon Cram. Figured in Cram. pl. 390, fig. C. D. Upper side blackish-brown, with the disk fulvous. | THECLA. 101 Under side green, with two black bent lines, and bordered with white to the extremities of the primaries ; with three similar lines, but flexuous, on the surface of the secondaries. The anal angle of secondaries has a suite of three small ocelli with a white iris. Virginia. —Expands scarcely half an inch. Gopart. 20. T. acis Drury. T. mars Fabr. T. ixion Fabr. Figured in Drury, I, pl. 1, fig. 2. Upper side. Primaries entirely dark brown, without any marks or spots. Secondaries the same, with four tails, the inner ones much longer than the others; close above which latter are two red spots, edged at the bottom with black, and two more placed at the anal angle. The ciliz white. Under side. All the wings of a dark lead color. A very narrow black and white line crosses the primaries, parallel to the external edges; another indented irregular line crosses the secondaries, beginning near the middle of the anterior edge, and meeting just below the extremity of the body. Four long reddish spots are very visible on this side, below which are four black ones. ‘ Jamaica.—Drury gives New York as its habitat. Doubtful. 21. T. strigosa Harr. MS. ““The streaked Zhecla has a long and a short tail on each of the hind wings, and is of a dark brown color, without spots on the upper side; the wings beneath are ornamented with wavy trans- verse white streaks, and near the hind margin of the posterior wings is a row of deep orange-colored crescents, with a large blue spot near the hindmost angle. It measures 1,'5 inches across the wings. In the markings of the wnder scde of the wings it nearly resembles 7’. liparops.” Massachusetts. Harris MS. 22. T. aubumiana Harris MS. The outermost of the tails is very short, and often nothing re- mains of it but a little tooth on the edge of the wing. It varies considerably in color; the females are generally deep brown above, but sometimes the wings are rust-colored or tawny in the middle, as they always are in the males; the oval opaque spot which 102 ' LEPIDOPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA. characterizes the latter sex is ochre yellow: Upon the wnder side, the wings in both sexes are green, the anterior pair tinged with brown from the middle to the inner edge; externally, next to the fringe, they are all margined by a narrow wavy white line, bor- dered internally with brown; at some distance from the posterior margin is another broader white line, or series of contiguous spots, bordered internally with brown; this line, on the fore wings, does not reach the inner margin; on the hind wings it consists of six spots arranged in a zigzag manner, and the last spot, next to the inner margin, is remote from the rest; besides these, there are on the same wings three more white spots bordered with brown, be- tween the zigzag band and the base ; and between the same band and the margin three black spots, behind the middle one of which is a rust-red spot with a black centre. The wings expand from 1,4, to 14 inch. This pretty species is found on the mouse-ear (Gnaphalium plantagineum) in May, and on the flowers of the’ spearmint in August. Massachusetts. Harris MS. 23. T. mopsus Hiibn. Figured in Hiibn. Zutr. fig. 135. Boisd. et Lec. pl. 34, p. 109. Upper side of the male blackish-brown, with the usual ovoid spot on the costal edge. The female is more dull, without the costal spot, but with one or two yellow lunulate spots towards the anal angle of each wing. The secondaries are without tails. Under side of the male is grayish-brown, traversed by a row of black points circled with white, followed on the secondaries by a marginal band of reddish and somewhat macular, and on the primaries by a second row of black points lightly circled with white. Under side of the female is a little more clear. The series of ocellated spots is preceded in the secondaries by a discoidal black streak circled with white; the red marginal band is more sensibly edged with white in front, and continues a little on the primaries, where it replaces the second row of black points on the male. Larva, which feeds on Hupatorium celestinum, is greenish, with the back a little more whitish. The anterior and dorsal part has a brownish quadrangular space, bifid behind, and marked with four white spots. The three hind rings have a wide white border, edged with brown. Head and feet brownish. NYMPHIDIA. 103 Chrysalis resembles that of Smilacis, but differs in having on each side a row of yellow ferruginous points. Southern States.—Expands an inch and a half. Boisp. 24. T. poeas Hiibn. T. beon Godt. Figured in Boisd. et Lec. pl. 35, p. 109. Upper side blackish-brown, with the base of the primaries and the extremity, or even the whole of the secondaries, pale blue. Some specimens have the base of the primaries entirely blackish, and sometimes even all the wings, without any traces of the blue. The secondaries have tails, white at the summit. Some, which have the extremity blue, have a row of small marginal, unequal lunules, blackish-brown. Under side is russety gray. Southern States. Boisp. 25. T. augustus Kirby. Faun. Bor. IV, 298. Figured in Kirby, Faun. Bor. Amer. IV, pl. 3. Antenne annulated with white; knob elongated; wings dusky black, with a dull ferruginous disk; fringe alternately white and black; secondaries underneath black at the base; at the apex dusky ash-colored, with a transverse series of about eight black spots, rudiments of which appear on the lower surface of the primaries. Canada.—Expands one inch. Kirby. Fam. IX. ERYCINIDAE. Larva very short, pubescent or hairy. Chrysalis short, contracted. Per/ect insect; nearly constantly six feet in the females and four in the male. Abdominal edge of the secon- daries not prominent. Discoidal cellule sometimes open, sometimes closed, and sometimes closed apparently by a false nervure. Hooks of the tarsi extremely small. NYMPHIDIA Fas. Lrycina Latr. Head of the width of the thorax ; antenne long, annulate with whitish, terminated by a small elongated club; palpi short, 104 LEPIDOPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA. straight, scarcely extending beyond the eyes; thorax slender, rather long; abdomen a little shorter than the secondaries ; the four wings rounded; discoidal cellule of the secondaries open ; six feet in the female, four in the male. 1. N. pumila Boisp. Figured in Boisd. et Lec. pl. 37, p. 131. Upper side reddish ferruginous, with wavy, blackish, flexuous lines, nearly macular. Besides these black lines, the extremity has two others of a black lead color, separated by a row of black points, of which the internal one is strongly sinuous. Under side fulvous yellow, with the transverse lines more macular. Body above ferruginous, below yellowish. Georgia—Florida. Boisp. LEMONIAS It. Head hairy; eyes naked. Antenne rather long, slender; club long, slender. Primaries more or less triangular; costal margin nearly straight; apical angle subacute, post-costal vein with only three branches. Secondaries subovate; post-costal curved at its base, forked at a moderate distance from the base. Fore legs of the males very small, densely clothed with soft silky hairs; fore legs of the females longer, slender, scaly; tarsus armed beneath with some short spines at the tips of the joints. Four hind legs long, slender, scaly. Tibiz not armed beneath with spines. Nails and appendages minute. 1. L. mormo Felder. Wiener Entom. Monatschrift, III, No. 9, 271. Wings subrepand; ciliz widely intersected with white, above obscurely fuscous, beneath paler. Primaries on both sides ferru- ginous fulvous from the base to the disk, with two basal points, a third larger, internal, a discal spot, a macular band, sinuate and seven points, submarginal, surrounded with black and white, the disk paler and the submarginal points much larger, elongate, spotted with black, veins fulvous. Secondaries a little fulvescent above the base, with two points, marked with white; two discal spots, one larger, the external band macular, much interrupted, repand, minute white spots surrounded HESPERIA. 105 with white, beneath much paler; costa white at the base, the spots and, points of the upper surface, but much larger and nearly con- fluent. Antenne annulated with white. Thorax and abdomen black above, below with the palpi and feet whitish. Utah. FELDER. Fam. X. HESPERIDAE. Larva cylindric, without spines; first ring small, head prominent. Chrysalis cylindroid, elongate, hardly angular. Perfect insect; head wide, transverse. Antenne often ter- minated by a hook. Palpi short, last article very small. HESPERIA Linn. Head broad; body robust. Labial palpi compressed in front and incurved, with the sides convex and angulated. Antenne of moderate length or elongate, straight, slender, with a subterminal club, tip hooked. Primaries elongated triangular; apical mar- gin, more or less convex; costal margin not reflexed, and the disk in the males not marked with the oblique silky patch; often marked with pellucid spots. Secondaries subtriangular, with the outer and anal angles rounded, or with the outer margin rounded and sometimes dentated. Anal angle not produced into a promi- nent lobe or short tail, and the disk beneath not marked with silvery spots. 1. H. cellus Boisd. Figured in Boisd. et Lec. pl. 73. Wings brown; primaries with a broad yellow band across the middle, the top of which is whitish; a whitish spot at the upper edge. Secondaries without spots on the disk. Fringe dull yel- low or greenish, more distinct on the upper angle of the seconda- ties. Under side paler; markings of primaries the same, except that lower edge is yellow. Secondaries with two bands of deep brown. United States. —Expands two inches. Boisp. 106 LEPIDOPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA. 2. H. lycidas Godt. Encyc. Méthod. IV, 751. Figured in Boisd. et Lec. pl. 71. Wings deep brown, a little yellowish near the base ;. primaries with four or five yellow spots, forming a short irregular band; between this band and the summit are two or three points of the same color. Secondaries without spots. Under side of primaries with a yellow band, narrow at the costal edge, widening downwards but not reaching to the lower edge; beyond this, is am interrupted line of yellow spots and a pale purple streak. Under side of secondaries ash-gray, a large silvery spot on the outer edge, surmounted by two points of the same color: fringe white and brown. United States. —Expands two inches. ; Boisp. 38. H. proteus Godt. Encyc. Méthod. IX, 730. Figured in Boisd. et Lec. pl. 69. Sm. Abb. I, pl. 39. Cram. pap. pl. 260. Clerck, Icon. Ins. pl. 42. Wings brown; light green at the base of the primaries, and covering half of the secondaries. Primaries, with four or five white spots oblong or square, and an arcuated line of white points intersected by the nerves. Secondaries extending to long tails. Body greenish above. Under side purplish brown; markings similar to the upper ex- cept the black border of the spots and arc on the primaries, and two interrupted narrow bands on the secondaries. United States.—Expands over two inches. Boisp. "4, H. bathyllus Sm. Abb. Figured in Sm. Abb. pl. 22. Boisd. et Lec. pl. 74. Wings deep brown, with a narrow, interrupted transverse band of white on the primaries, and three small dots intersected by the nerves, near the summit. Secondaries without spots. Under side paler, with dark brown narrow bands on the secon- daries. United States. Expands two inches. Boisb. HESPERIA, 107 5. H. sylvanus Boisd. Ann. Soc. Ent. 2me sér. X, 313. Upper side fulvous, with yellowish spots, of which one is situated towards the base; the others forming behind the middle a trans- verse and flexuous range. These spots are more apparent in the female ; the male has on the primaries a black, wide, oblique streak. Under side greenish fulvous, but more bright in the middle of the primaries and at the internal angle of the secondaries, with pale yellowish spots. Secondaries with five spots. Body above pale fulvous, below whitish. Antenne, annulate with whitish ; club, terminated with a black hook; ferruginous below. California and Europe. Borsp. 6. H. sylvanoides Boisd. Ann. Soc. Ent. 2me sér. X, 313. Size and form of H. sylvanus. Upper side of the male like 1. sylvanus, except that near the oblique black spot there is a black- ish streak which appears to be a prolongation of it, and there are not at the extremity near the border the three or four points a little paler than the ground, which are found in H. sylvanus. Under side of the female has on the disk a black triangular spot, followed by a small white transparent spot, the summit with three yellow points. Secondaries a little sinuous, with the border deep, the base widely blackish. ' Under side pale yellow, sometimes a little grayish on the secondaries, and not of a bright yellowish- green as in H. sylvanus. . California. Boisp. 7. H.nemorum Boisd. Ann. Soc. Ent. 2me sér. X, 314. Upper side of the male as in H. sylvanotdes, the border a little wider, the mark of the primaries also wider, prolonged by a streak to the summit. Under side deep yellow; that of the secondaries without spots ; that of the primaries paler in the middle, with the impression of the _ mark of the opposite surface. California. Boisp. 108 LEPIDOPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA. 8. H. agricola Boisd. Ann. Soc. Ent. 2me sér. X, 314. Upper side blackish ; that of the primaries having the mark pro- longed to the summit by a blackish streak, a transverse row of yellow points between the border and this mark. That of the secondaries with the black border rather wide, and the base more or less brown. Under side of the primaries yellow, with the mark less definite than above; that of the secondaries yellow, with a kind of trans- verse band, nearly median, of a paler tone. California. Boisp. 9. H. pratincola Boisd. Ann. Soc. Ent. 2me sér. X, 315. Upper side bright yellow, nearly without border, having only in certain males some blackish triangular streaks on the nerves; that of the primaries with the mark as in H. sylvanus, ordinarily sur- mounted towards the summit with a blackish streak more or less distinct. Under side uniform yellow ; that of the primaries having towards the summit, on the edge, a small spot a little paler than the ground; that of the secondaries without spots. Female larger, with a ser- rate blackish border; that of the primaries having an oblique, blackish ray, surmounted towards the summit by a spot of the same color. Under side of the primaries nearly as in the male; that of the secondaries with a transverse, irregular row of spots paler than the ground color. California. Boisp. 10. H. ruricola Boisd. Ann. Soc. Ent. 2me sér. X, 315. Wings a little sinuous, yellow, with a small brown border; pri- maries with the mark distinct as in HZ sylvanus, marked longitu- dinally with a small whitish line. Under side yellow, with all the surface of the secondaries and the summit of the primaries greenish. California. Bois. ll; H. campestris Boisd. Ann. Soc. Ent. 2me sér. X, 316. This species is distinguished from all the other California spe- cies, by the large truncated spot, which forms the mark of the HESPERIA. 109 primaries. Figure and size of H. nemorum. Wings yellow, with a rather wide brown border; fringe pale yellow. Primaries of the male marked at the summit, with two or three points of the ground color. Secondaries with the disk more or less marked with black in the middle. Under side rather pale yellow, nearly uniform; that of the pri- maries marked at the summit with three small paler spots; that of the secondaries with a transverse line of similar small spots. California. Boisp. 12. H. sabuleti Boisd. Ann. Soc. Ent. 2me sér. X, 316. Wings of nearly the same yellow as in /Z. sylvanus, with a rather wide brown border, serrate on the primaries; the latter having the mark shorter and more truncate than in HZ. sylvanus, joined to a grayish spot ; under side paler yellow, with a row of brown streaks slightly sagittate ; that of the inferiors with a row of similar streaks towards the base. Female larger. Under side paler; that of the __ primaries, between the border and the disk, with a row of spots | paler than the ground color. California. s Bois, 13. H.? vestris Boisd. Ann. Soc. Ent. 2me sér. X, 317. white spots somewhat transparent, of which two are punctiform, near the upper edge; the two others.larger, in the ramifications of the median nerve; that of the secondaries without spots. Under side duller, a little more grayish, with the same spots as above. California. | | : Upper side russety brown; that of the primaries with four small | Boisp. 14. H.comma Lin. Syst. Nat. | Resembles H. sylvanus, but the under side is more greenish and ; spotted with white. These spots are nine in number, three towards _ the base, the six others forming a bent row behind the middle. _ Fringe white, spotted with black below. Club of the antenne _ terminated below by a large ferruginous point. California and Europe. Boisp. 110 LEPIDOPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA. [The following descriptions of new species have been kindly furnished by Mr. Samuel Scudder, of Boston. They were found among Dr. Harris’ MSS., and are to appear in the new edition of his work on the insects of New England injurious to vegetation. Not having seen the species, I have placed them all provisionally under this genus.—J. G. M.] 15. H. hobomok Harris MS. Dark brown above; on each of the wings a large tawny yellow spot, occupying the greater part of the middle, four or five minute spots of the same color near the tips of the fore wings, on which is also a short brownish line at the outer extremity of the central mesh ; under side of the fore wings similar to the upper, but paler; hind wings brown beneath, with a yellow dot near the shoulder, and a very broad deep yellow band which does not attain the inner margin, and has a tooth-like projection extending towards the hinder edge. The male has not the usual distinguishing oblique dash on the fore wings, which differ from those of the female only . in the greater size of the tawny portion, which extends to the front margin. Massachusetts. Harris MSS. 16. H. leonardus Harris MS. Dark brown above; fore wings of the male tawny yellow on the front margin from the base to beyond the middle; behind this tawny portion is a short black line, and behind the latter a row of contiguous tawny spots extending from the middle to the inner edge towards the tip, the spots at this extremity small and sepa- rated from the others; fore wings in the female without the tawny front edge and black line; hind wings in both sexes with a central curved, tawny yellow band; wings beneath bright red-brown ; the first pair blackish from the middle to the inner edge, and spotted as on the upper side; hind wings with a yellow dot in the middle, and a curved row of seven bright yellow spots behind it. Massachusetts. —Expands inch and a half. Harris MSS. 17. H. sassacus Harris MS. Dark brown above; all the wings with a tawny yellow spot occu- pying the greater part of the middle of each, and with two or three HESPERIA.” at: little detached spots of the same color near the extremity of the first pair; beneath, ochre yellow, with small pale yellow spots near the tip, corresponding to those on the upper side of the fore wings, and on the hind wings seven small square pale yellow spots, namely, one before the middle and the others in pairs behind it. Massachusetts.—Expands one and a quarter inch. Harris MSS. 18. H. metacomet Harris MS. Dark brown, slightly glossed with greenish-yellow above; the male with a short oblique black line on the middle of the fore wings, on both sides of which in the female are two yellowish dots on the middle, and two more near the front margin and tip ; hind wings, beneath, with a transverse row of four very faint yellowish dots, which, however, are often wanting. Massachusetts. —Expands one three-tenths of an inch. Harnris MSS. 19. H. ahaton Harris MS. Dark brown above; fore wings in the male tawny before the middle from the base nearly to the tip, the tawny portion ending externally in three minute wedge-shaped spots; on the middle an oblique velvet black line, near the outer extremity of which are two or three small tawny spots ; wnder side spotted as above; hind wings without spot above; of a greenish or dusky yellow tinge below, with a transverse curved row of four minute yellowish dots, which are often very faint or entirely wanting. In the female there is a tawny dash along the front margin of the fore wings, and the oblique black line is wanting, but the other spots are larger and more distinct. Massachusetts. —Expands from one to one and one-tenth inch. HARRIS. 20. H. wamsutta Harris MS. Dark brown above; fore wings with a broken row of small tawny spots towards the tip, and in the males a large tawny patch, cover- ing the whole of the fore part of the wings from the base to the middle, and an oblique curved black line behind it; hind wings with a small tawny dot before the middle, and an indented tawny band or row of contiguous unequal spots; wnder side of the fore 112 LEPIDOPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA. wings light brown, and with larger yellow spots than on the other side; hind wings light brown, with two large irregular bright yel- low spots, connected in the middle, and covering nearly the whole surface. Massachusetts. —Expands nearly an inch. Harris MSS. GONILOBA WEstwoop. Head occasionally clothed with red hairs; labial palpi as seen from above, forming two short square projections in front of the face. Antenne with a long and slender club, the terminal half of which is reflexed, forming a slender hook, acute at the tip. Pri- maries long, triangular, generally marked ‘on the disk with semi- pellucid spots. Apical margin entire, slightly convex towards the apex; discoidal cell long and narrow. .Secondaries large, sub- triangular; outer angle rounded, outer margin slightly scalloped, spotted with black. Anal angle produced into a short tail turned outwards or into an obtuse point. Upper disk of the wings often unspotted, but the base is yellowish or metallic-colored. Lower disk often varied with silvery patches. 1. G. tityrus F. Figured in Boisd. et Lec. pl. 72. Sm. Abb. I, pl. 19. Wings brown; primaries with a transverse semi-transparent band — across the middle, and a few spots towards the tip, of a honey yel- low color; secondaries, with a short, round obtuse tail on the anal angle. Under side of primaries similar to that above ; that of the secon- daries has a broad silvery band, edged with black. Margin of all the wings below a little paler, with the nerves black. Fringe yellow and brown. ) Larva, which feeds on Robinia, “is pale green, transversely rT roughened with minute tubercles, slightly indented or furrowed above, and of a dull red color, with a large yellow spot on each side of the mouth.” United States.—Expands two and a half inches, ’ GONILOBA. 113 2. G. yuccae Boisd. Figured in Boisd. et Lec. pl. 70. Wings brown, lighter at the base; primaries, with a yellow spot near the centre, a broad irregular band and two oblong spots of the same color near the summit. The secondaries have four square yellow spots or a macular ray. Fringe broad, yellow and brown, that of the secondaries brighter. Under side of primaries bluish on the outer edge; the yellow band interrupted by brown, and a whitish spot near the anal angle. Upper edge with an ashy streak, one end of which is furcate. The female is destitute of the spots on the secondaries; the band on the primaries is not so broad. Body paler than the wings. Southern States. —Expands nearly three inches. Bots. 3. G. olynthus Boisd. Figured in Boisd. et Lec. pl. 75. Wings blackish-brown, paler on the middle of the secondaries. Primaries with six or seven unequal white spots. Secondaries with three or four white spots or a macular white ray. Under side ochry, except the lower part of the primaries ; mark- ings similar to those of the upper side. Secondaries without spots. Thorax greenish ; abdomen brown above, whitish below; pectus pale green. United States.—Expands two inches. Borsp. 4. G. antoninus Zatr. Encyc. Méthod. IX, 746. Club of the antenne yellowish, abruptly terminating in a sharp hook. Upper sede of the body and wings blackish. . Primaries with six or seven yellowish transparent spots from the middle to the summit, of which the one near the middle of the upper edge and two or three others are in the form of small lengthened points near the summit; the others are below, and disposed in an oblique line. Under side the disk is deeper black, and the upper edge from the base to near the middle is yellowish-gray. On the middle of the secondaries there is a transverse range of two small spots, sometimes square, sometimes nearly punctiform, yellowish and vitreous, sometimes obsolete. Under side of secondaries is grayish or yellowish from the base 3 114 LEPIDOPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA. to near the middle; then, of a reddish-brown, with the portion of the outer edge contiguous to the outer angle, paler or cinereous. California—Brazil—Surinam. Gopt. NISONIADES Hosy. Head and thorax broad, abdomen elongated. Antenne with the club somewhat fusiform, elongate, curved, with the tip gradu- ally acuminated ; that of the males larger and more slender than that of the females. Labial palpi very hirsute. Primaries divari- cating and horizontally extended when at rest, with the costal margin often recurved in the males. Apical margin entire, fringe not spotted. Secondaries broadly triangular, with the outer and anal angles rounded. Fringe not scalloped, nor spotted. Hind legs with the middle spurs distinct. 1. N. juvenalis Sm. Abb. Figured in Boisd. et Lec. pl. 65. Sm. Abb. I, pl. 20. Wings deep brown; primaries with a number of black spots, a white spot on the cellule, and an interrupted curved line of white points, three or four of which are near the costal edge. Seconda- ries dull brown, with two or three curved rows of paler points. Under side of the primaries very similar to the upper; seconda- ries with several spots near the upper edge. United States. —Expands an inch and a half. Boisp. 2. N. brizo Boisd. Figured in Boisd. et Lec. pl. 66. Wings blackish-brown; primaries with two broad transverse pale bluish lines, edged with black, serrated; on the outer edge, a row of yellowish points. Secondaries with two curved rows of similar points. Under side of all the wings with two rows of yellowish spots near the lower edge. The female, besides the bands on the primaries, has a zigzag yellowish transverse near the outer edge. Southern States. —Expands an inch and a half. Bosb. CYCLOPAEDES, 115 3. N. catullus Godt. Encyc. Méthod. IX, 777. Figured in Sm. Abb. I, pl. 24. Small; body black, head white. Wings deep black, with a transverse line of white points near the posterior edge; primaries, with other small points of this color, fewer in number on the under side, and that of the secondaries. Var. Wings without spots on the upper side; secondaries with only one white point before the ray formed by the others; in some specimens the spots fail entirely. Southern States. ABBOT. 4, N. Vherminier Godt. Encyc. Méthod. IX, 777. N. pygmexa? Fab. Antenne black, with the rings and a part of the under side of the club whitish; terminal hook brown. Wings blackish, but paler below, inclining to ashy and without spots. Carolina.—Expands nine lines. GopaARrt. 5. N. tristis Boisd. Ann. Soc. Ent. 2me sér. X. Figure and size of NV. juvenalis. Wings blackish-brown, with the fringe of the secondaries white. Primaries with some black undulations, on the middle a small whitish point, then a bent line of six similar points, separated into two groups, the one of four near the upper edge, the other of two, beyond the median nerve. Under side paler than the opposite. In this species, as in WV. juvenalis, the small points are placed on the most obscure little bands. California. Boisp. CYCLOPAEDES Hosy. Head as broad as the thorax ; labial palpi remote, hirsute, por- rected, as low as the head; terminal joint very minute, conical, nearly concealed by the hairs of the preceding joint. Antenne short, club stout, slightly curved, not hooked at the tip, which is obtuse. Wings erect when at rest. Primaries long, fringe entire. Disk dark brown, with orange-colored spots, alike in both sexes. Secondaries short, entire; spotted on the primaries. Hind legs 116 LEPIDOPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA. _with the tibize destitute of a pair of spurs in the middle. Abdo- men, especially in the males, long and slender, with the tip slightly tufted. 1. C. coras Cram. C. aesculapius F. C. otho? Sm. Abb. Figured in Boisd. et Lec. pl. 77. Sm. Abb. pl. I, pl. 31. Cram. pap. 3, pl. 31, fem. Small, blackish, with the body and base covered with yellowish hairs. Antenne russety above, whitish or paler below, with the rings black. Wings traversed on both sides by a russety yellow band, formed by a suite of spots. Upper side of secondaries with a russety spot near the centre; wnder side with an arcuate band of spots. Male; the base of the primaries is russety yellow, which is divided in the form of striz; the blackish line, in the form of a cicatrice, is bordered outwardly by a deep black line. On the under side, the spots are paler and mingle with the yellow. Along the posterior edge a row of small, round, indistinct spots. Southern States. GopART. PAMPHILA Far. Head very broad in the males; thorax robust ; abdomen as long as the secondaries. Labial palpi porrect, short, densely hairy, remote. Antenne terminated by a thick, nearly straight club, generally with a short slender hook. Primaries alone erect in repose. Apical margin convex in males, fringe entire, not alter- _ nated in its colors. Disk in the males in many species marked with an oblique velvety patch of scales. Secondaries broadly tri- angular, outer and anal angles rounded, slightly truncated near the anal angle; margin entire. Discoidal vein nearly obliterated. 1. P. zabulon Boisd. Figured in Boisd. et Lec. pl. 76. Wings brown, but this color almost displaced on the primaries by ochre yellow; a yellow mark on the brown external border. Secondaries with a large circular yellow spot on the disk. Under side ochry, with irregular brown spots and streaks, the latter pro- ceeding from the base. Southern States. —Expands a little over an inch. GoparRT. PAMPHILA. 117 2. P. origenes /. EH. 5. III, p. 329. P.cernes Boisd. Figured in Boisd. et Lec. pl. 76. . Wings greenish-brown ; primaries pale orange at the base, ex- tending along the costal and lower edges ; a spot near the middle. Under side of primaries similar to the upper; that of the secon- daries greenish-yellow. Thorax greenish; upper side of abdomen ochry. United States.—Expands a little over an inch. Boisp. 3. P. arpa Boisd. Figured in Boisd. et Lec. pl. 68. Wings blackish-brown, with half of the primaries lighter; a dark band commencing on the middle of the lower edge, and extending obliquely towards the summit, and forming an acute angle with an indistinct streak proceeding from the base. The disk of the secondaries is lighter than the borders. Under side of all the wings ochry yellow, with darker lines proceeding from the base, contiguous on the primaries, forming a dark brown space, which bears two ochry spots. Southern States.—Expands nearly two inches. ” GopDART. 4. P. bulenta Boisd. Figured in Boisd. et Lec. pl. 67. Wings deep brown, occupying the whole extent excepting the half of the costal rim and the outer edge, with honey yellow. Near the summit, a curved streak of brown extending into the yellow field. The secondaries have two long oval yellow spots; the lower one the smaller. | Fringes yellow; sides of the thorax and of the abdomen the same color. Under side paler; summit of the primaries pale orange; lower edge blackish, interrupted by yellow. The primaries of the female are traversed by an irregular yellow band, interrupted near the summit, where it forms a large round spot. The secondaries have but one large roundish yellow spot. Southern States.—Expands nearly two inches. GopART. 118 LEPIDOPTERA OF NORTH AMERIGA. 5. P. brettus Boisd. Figured in Boisd. et Lec. pl. 75. Wings dark brown, greenish towards the base; primaries with seven or eight yellow irregular spots, forming a curved macular band, Under side of primaries pale brown, clearer towards the outer edge, sprinkled with pale dots. Under side of secondaries pale green, with irregular darker spots. Southern States. —Expands one inch. GoDART. 6. P. arogos Boisd. Figured in Boisd. et Lec. pl. 76. Wings blackish-brown; more than half of the primaries pale yellow, with a thin short line of brown near the centre. The secondaries, with a cuneiform spot on the middle. Fringe yellowish. Under side of all the wings greenish, and destitute of spots. The primaries of the female have fine pale yellow streaks on the costal edge, below which there is a furcate streak. Secondaries without spots. Southern States. —Expands an inch. GoDART. 7. P. phyleus Boisd. Figured in Boisd. et Lec. pl. 78. Wings deep brown; primaries varied with yellow, forming an irregular, angular, interrupted band towards the outer margin of the primaries; along club-shaped yellow mark proceeding from the base, with a brown streak in the centre of it, and a yellow line near the costal edge. Secondaries with five cuneiform spots, forming a curved row, the second of which is long and reaching to the base, besides a narrow yellow line extending from the base to near the anal angle. Under side ochry yellow; primaries with sagittate brown spots near the outer edge, and a large irregular spot at the base. The female is ochry yellow, with all the edges covered with cuneiform brown spots, as well as the disk of the primaries and the upper edge of the secondaries, some of which are furcate. Southern States. Expands over an inch. GopaRT. 8. P. leseur Godt. Encyc. Méthod. IX, 748. ‘ Wings black ; ordinary spots of the primaries and those in the form of points on the secondaries of a transparent white; that of the four anterior spots of the primaries which is nearest the upper PAMPHILA. 119 edge, is emarginate at each end; those of the secondaries are in the form of points, of which one is isolated, nearly central, and the four others below, in a transverse row; the antepenultimate is the largest; beyond the extremity of this series, there is a fifth, very small and indistinct. Wings finely bordered with white. United States. GoDART. 9. P. thaumas Fab. E.§. III, 327. P. origenes Fab. Foemina? Small, brownish-black ; anterior half of the primaries, excepting the internal edge, fulvous. The black line of the middle, common to the males, is surmounted at its interior extremity with a fulvous point, and divided abruptly at its posterior edge from the adjacent portion of the surface by a linear incision, followed by a depression ; between this depression and the edge and nearly in a transverse line, are four small fulvous points, of which the inferior is a little larger and isolated, and the others in a small line. The female has in this place some white and transparent points, varying from six to eight, but the three superior are constant. United States. GoDART. 10. P. drurii Godt. Uncyc. Méthod. IX, 767. Very similar to P. thaumas. Primaries blackish, with a trans- verse row of fulvous spots. The male has only two, of which the interior is divided into two unequal parts; the black line and dis- tinctive of the sex form only an oblong point; it is terminated behind by the lowest of the preceding spots. Between the nerves there are two spaces, of which the scales are elevated in the form of finely striated pencils. Secondaries of a glossy russety brown; under side more dull, traversed by a ray of small pale yellowish spots, obsolete in some specimens. United States. GoDART. This species approaches very nearly the P. vitellius Sm. Abb. T, pl. 17. It is also probably the same as dion Fab. Suppl. Ent. Syst. p. 432. Another species analogous to the preceding as well as to P. thaumas, Fab. names exclamationis Ent. Syst. tom. III, pars 1, p. 326, No. 232. Wings, as well as body, blackish ; primaries with a yellowish linear spot, and a point of the same color on the under side. GoDART. 120 LEPIDOPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA. ll. P. peckii Kirby. Faun. Bor. IV, 300. Figured in Kirby, Faun. Amer. Bor. IV, pl. 4. Body brown, paler on the under side. Antenne rufous above ; below the joints a white patch. Knob fusiform, hooked; wings above tawny brown, with an articulated angular band common to both wings, of pale yellow. Primaries striped and streaked with the same color near the base and in the costal area; underneath, the wings paler. Primaries have nearly the same marks as above; on the secondaries, the angular band is surmounted by another irregular spot, so as to form two contiguous spots, or rather one large irregular didymous ‘one. Canada. KIrsy. 12. P. numitor Fab. E.S. Ill, 324. Figured in Hiibn. Zutr. f. 275. The smallest of the family. Antenne black, rings white, ter- minating in a small point. Body black above, white below ; upper side of all the wings blackish, but glossed for the greatest extent, with shining yellow; wnder s¢de of primaries blackish, with the outer edge and summit yellowish ; wnder side of secondaries yel- lowish, with the outer edge blackish. United States. GODART. 13. P. vitellius Sm. Abb. Figured in Sm. Abb. I, pl. 17. Head and thorax of males clothed with greenish, fulvous hairs; club of antennze fulvous, stem brown; primaries tawny above, with slender black veins; in the centre of the disk a large black oval spot, the anterior part of which as well as the base within are velvety, and the remainder silky. Outer margin broadly brown and uninterrupted, although irregularly notched within; two small connected, transverse, fulvous spots near the tip, separating a part of the dark border from the rest. Secondaries above darker tawny, with black veins and a broad irregularly notched dusky border all around the wings, broken near the anal angle by a longitudinal streak of orange, running to the margin. Wings beneath pale tawny; base of primaries black, with brownish tips, preceded by two small transverse patches of paler buff color, the upper one farthest from the tip. Secondaries marked along the margins with some slight dusky spots, indicating the dark border of the upper SYRICHTHUS. 121 side; a dusky spot in the middle of the disk; under side of the head and breast pale buff. United States. —Expands an inch and a quarter. SYRICHTHUS Borsp. Body robust; abdomen not extending beyond the anal angle of the secondaries ; terminal joint of the palpi inclined; posterior tibize with two pairs of spurs. Usually dark brown, with nume- rous translucent angular and square whitish spots, either in rows or scattered. 1. S. oilus Linne. Syst. Nat. I, 795. S. tartarus Hiibn. SS. syrichthus Fab. SS. orchus Cram. Figured in Westw. Brit. Butterflies, pl. 38. Wings rounded; primaries varied with black and white. Secon- Es . . ve daries beneath cinereous, with waved black streaks. Antenne black, club cinereous beneath. WeEstwoop. 2. S. ruralis Boisd. Ann. Soc. Ent. 2me sér. X, 311. Wings black, with two white spots between the base and the transverse band of the primaries; secondaries with two bands of spots. Under side of the secondaries mingled with white and brown, the middle and the extremity having a kind of band or brownish shade, with obsolete spots between these two spaces. California. Botsp. 3. S. caespitalis Boisd. Ann. Soc. Ent. 2me sér. X, 312. Wings black, with two small white spots between the base and transverse bands of the primaries; secondaries have on the middle asmall macular band. Under side of secondaries with a narrow median band, continuous, serrate; no white spots at the base. California. Borsp. 4. S.scriptura Boisd. Ann. Soc. Ent. 2me sér. X, 313. Small; the white spots small ; two white spots between the base and the transverse band of the primaries. Under side of seconda- ries whitish, with the white spots distinct. California. Boisp. 122 LEPIDOPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA. 5. S. ericetorum Boisd. Ann. Soc. Ent. 2me sér. X, 313. Upper side of the male white, a little sulphury, having no other markings than a festooned terminal line, forming a row of small sagittate spots, resting on a black line at the root of the fringe ; at the summit of the superiors the small spots form two or three rows. Under side of the wings white; that of the secondaries with two brownish bands, the one covering a part of the base, and the other at the extremity. Upper side of the female blackish, with two white transverse bands; the first in the middle, wide, sinuous, irregular; the second, much more narrow, formed of small sagittate spots, except that which is on the upper edge of the primaries, which is quadrangular, and cut by the nerves. California. Borsp. Src. I. HETEROCERA. Anlenne variable; prismatic, pectinate, serrate, moniliform or filiform. Wings never erect when at rest: the posterior pair frequently frenate. Ocelli generally present. Flight sometimes diurnal, sometimes crepuscular, more frequently nocturnal. ’ Fam. I. EPIALIDAE. Proboscis short or none. Palpi obsolete. Antennze moni- liform, scarcely longer than the width of the head. Thorax not crested. Abdomen not barbate. Wings deflected, long, narrow, nearly equal. Primaries opaque, secondaries sem1- hyaline. EPIALUS Fas. Antenne shorter than the thorax, moniliform, inserted at the ~ | anterior and lateral part of the head, a little above the eyes. Palpi indistinct. Proboscis spiral, but slightly apparent. Wings elon- gated, rather narrow, tectiform. Body more or less pilose—the last abdominal segment of the female forming an elongated oviduct COSSUS. 123 or sort of tail. Legs simple, more or less pilose. Tarsi composed of five articles, of which the last is terminated by two small hooks. The larva lives in the ground, and feeds on the roots of plants. It is white or reddish-white, soft and naked, or slightly downy, with a brown, horny head; a spot on the forepart of the body, brown and hard; sixteen legs. Cocoons imperfect, sometimes made of silk, sometimes of morsels of wood or grains fastened together by gummy silk. 1. B. argenteo-maculatus Harris. Figured in Agassiz’ Lake Superior, pl. 7, fig. 6. Superior wings, ashen gray, with silvery white spots near the base. Next to these are three or four brown spots, or an inter- rupted line of brown not extending across, terminating towards the inner angle in an oblong drab spot which extendssto the edge. The centre is occupied by an oblique long spot of drab, with an indistinct touch of brown in the middle. On the upper edge there are four drab spots, the one nearest the tip being the largest and rounded below. There is a broad margin of the same color on the outer edge, gradually enlarging from near the tip and narrow- ing at its termination. On this margin there are three indistinct lines of silver white. The inferiors are pale yellow, pilose at the base; an oblong drab spot on the edge near the tip, and below the tip a large spot of deeper yellow. On the under side the markings are similar, but much less dis-° tinct. HARRIS. Fam. COSSIDAE. Body thick, rather densely pilose. Head small. Antenne shorter than half the length of the wings. Palpi small, eyes naked. Proboscis short, or none. Legs short and robust, more or less pilose. Wings strongly veined. Flight noc- turnal. Wings in repose, tectiform. COSSUS Fas. Body stout. Palpi very short or not visible. Antenne serrated or pectinated, longer than the thorax. Abdomen extending more 124 LEPIDOPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA. or less beyond the hind wings. Legs stout, pilose; hind tibie with four short spurs. Wings rather long, hardly broad. Prima- ries hardly convex along the costa, rounded at the tips, very oblique along the exterior border; first and second inferior veins almost contiguous at the base; third near the second and about twice further from the fourth. Female with a serrated oviduct. 1. C. robinize Peck. Mass. Agric. Soc. Report, V, 67. Male. Dark brown. Primaries paler brown, hoary along the interior border, with irregular blackish reticulations, and with a discal blackish stripe composed of five large ‘irregular spots. Secondaries pale luteous, black to about half the length from the base and along the costa. Hemale. Hoary, shaded with pale brown. Thorax with three slender black stripes. Primaries with irregular blatkish reticulations, and some discal and anterior black streaks. Secondaries dark brown or blackish, paler towards the margin, more indistinctly reticulated. Fringe with black dots. The larva bores the locust tree (Robinia pseud-acacia). . United States. —Male expands ld} inch. Female 2 to 23 inches. 2. C. populi Walker. C. B. M., Part VIL, p. 1515. Female. Cinereous. Antenne black, very minutely serrated, a little longer than the thorax. Palpi black, extending as far as the head. Legs with whitish bands. Wings slightly reticulated, with very numerous minute transverse blackish streaks. Primaries with two very slender irregular blackish bands; one at beyond one third of the length; the other sub-apical and forked in front. Length of the body 14 lines. Wings expand 28 lines. Hudson’s Bay. WALKER. 3. C. plagiatus Walk. C. B. M., Part VII, p. 1515. Male. Hoary. Palpi not extending so far as the head; third joint very minute. Thorax with a slender black stripe along the inner side of each scapula. Tarsi gray, with whitish bands. Pri- maries reticulated with gray, narrower and much more oblique than those of C. populi; a brown patch with hoary dots on the middle of the interior border, and an irregular, sub-apical oblique band of the same hue. Secondaries gray, hoary and indistinctly reticulated with gray along the borders; fringe of the four wings ZEUZERA. 125 whitish, with blackish intervals. Length of the body 11 lines, of the wings 28 lines. United States. WALKER. 4. C. querciperda Fitch. Fifth Report, No. 294. “Smaller than C. Robinie, with thin and slightly transparent wings, which are crossed by numerous black lines, the outer mar- gin only of the forward pair being opaque and of a gray color; the hind wings colorless, with the inner margin broadly blackish and the hind edge coal black.” New York. ° Fircn. ZEUZERA Larr. Body stout. Palpi very short. Antenne slender, shorter than the thorax. Abdomen extending far beyond the» secondaries. Legs stout, almost bare; hind tibize with two very minute apical spurs. Wings narrow. Primaries slightly acuminated, straight along the costa, extremely oblique along the exterior border; discal areolet intersected by a forked veinlet; second superior vein forked at half its length;-second inferior vein more than twice further from the third than from the first; third a little further from the third than from the second. Male. Antenne deeply pectinated, bare from half the length to the tips. /emale. Antenne bare. Oviduct exserted. 1. Z. canadensis Herr. Schacf. Lep. exot. ser. I, 168. Male. Straw color; primaries thickly covered with little trans- verse brown streaks; fore part of the disk white, hind part grayish. Secondaries white, with straw-colored veins. Canada. Herr. ScHAEF. 2. Z. pyrina Fab. E.S. 590. Head white, front blue, thorax white, with twelve blue points disposed in the following order: 2,4, 4,2. Primaries white, with black points disposed in bands; outer edge ferruginous; anterior tibiee blue below. North America. Fas. 126 LEPIDOPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA. Fam. CONCHILOPODIDAKE. LIMACODES Duncan. Body rather stout, slender in some species. Proboscis not visible. Palpi porrect, rather stout, covered with scales, extending a little beyond the head ; third joint conical, acute. Antennz of the males simple, compressed, rather serrated, pilose at the apex ; those of the females slender, a little serrated towards the apex, which is acute, extending a little beyond the head. Legs stout, pilose; hind tibiee with four spurs. Wings moderately broad, deflexed; primaries elongate, posterior margin rounded. Abdo- men a little tufted at the extremity in both sexes. 1. L. cippus Cram. L. querceti Herr. Schaef. Figured in Cram. Pap. Exot. I} 84, pl. 53. Sm. Abb. pl. 13. Nat. Libr., vol. 37, pl. 21, p. 177. Walker, C. B. M. V, 1144 (1855). Brownish-red. Primaries with a’curved dark brown band be- yond two-thirds of the length and with some dark brown marks nearer the base ; each wing with two green spots, which are divided on the outer side by a white and black border from two red spots ; upper green spot transverse, smaller than the other, which is longi- tudinal and attenuated at its tip. Secondaries with testaceous borders and a dark brown spot on the interior angle. WALKER. Larva destitute of feet, properly so called, their place being supplied merely by a few protuberances; and along the under side of the body there is a soft pliable membrane, covered with a kind of glutinous matter, by means of which and the protuber- ances, it slides rather than creeps over the surface of a body. The back appears composed of three parts, the intermediate of which is separated from the others by a kind of keel, and is oval, a little pointed at both ends; the lateral parts projecting a little beyond the edges of the body. The head is entirely retractile. Nar. Lis. 2. L. quercicola Herr. Schaeffer. Lep. exot. I, f.175. Walker, C. B. M. V, 1144. Brownish-red. Primaries with a curved dark brown band, be- yond two-thirds of the length, and with two dark brown discal LIMACODES. 127 spots nearer the base; each wing with two small green spots, which are contiguous on the outer side to two larger red spots; fore green spot transverse, hind one triangular. Secondaries rather paler than the fore wings. Georgia. WALKER. 3. L? pithecium Sm. Abb. Figured in Sm. Abb. pl. 74. Nat. Libr. vol. 37, pl. 31, p. 185. Primaries bluish, with transverse waved bands of yellowish- brown, and more or less clouded with dusky ; secondaries entirely brown, with a narrow yellow line within the fringe; body of the female rather thick, thorax and abdomen bluish, the former brown on the side and the latter with brown rings. The body of the male is wholly light brown, with clouds of a deeper color, and the abdomen tufted at the apex. The female expands an inch and three lines, the male somewhat less. Nat. Lis. Larva flat, with long projecting appendages on each side, covered with hairs and two other projecting pieces of intermediate size behind the head, and a larger pair over the tail. 4.4%? spinuloides Boisd. Figured in Herr. Schaef. Lep. exot. sp. ser. I, f. 187. Walker, C. B. M., V, 1147. Ferruginous. Primaries with an oblong black discal spot, a row of black marginal dots, and a short white costal sub-apical streak. Secondaries pale brown, with very pale borders. Male. Antenne slightly pectinated. Primaries with two oblique brown bands, which are connected by the interior border. emale. An- tenne simple. Primaries dingy whitish along the costa near the base, with an oblique dingy whitish band which includes the black discal spot, with a short oblique white streak resting on the inte- rior border, and with a short sub-apical band of black dots. North America. WALKER. 5. L.? fasciola Boisd. Figured in Herr. Schaef. Lep. exot. sp. ser. I, f.186. Walker, C. B. M., V, 1148. Male. Fawn color. Antenne hardly pectinated. Primaries reddish, with a slightly oblique white band, which is forked behind and hooked in front, with a white apical spot, and with a blackish 128 LEPIDOPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA. band which proceeds from the hook of the white band. Seconda- ries testaceous. “i North America. ‘WALKER. 6. L? textula Boisd. Figured in Herr. Schaef. Lep. exot. sp. ser. I, f.184. Walker, C. B. M., V, 1148. Female. Pale fawn color. Wings with abbreviated transverse whitish bands, whose borders are partly blackish. North America. WALKER. 7. L? pallida Walk. C. B. M., V, 1148. Testaceous. Antenne nearly simple. Abdomen extending as far as the hind wings. Primaries with two curved gray slender discal bands. North America. WALEER. 8. L? flavula Boisd. Figured.in Herr. Schaef. Lep. exot. sp. ser. I, f. 183. Walker, C. B. M., V, 1149. Male. Primaries pale fawn color. Antenne simple. Seconda- ries whitish. Nova Scotia. WALKER. 9. L. laticlavia Clemens. Proc. A. N. 8., Phil. 1860, p. 157. Body and fore wings rather dark ochreous yellow. Fore wings with an oblique silvery band, inclined towards the base of the wings, from the costa to the middle of the inner margin, and toothed toward the base on the sub-median nervure or fold. A rather faint reddish-brown line extends from the costal origin of the silvery band to the hind margin beneath the middle. Hind wings pale ochreous yellow. Abdomen rather reddish ochreous. Larva. Outline elliptical, somewhat pointed behind ; body flat- tened, with the sides curving from a central ridge, flattened above. The ridge has a vertical elevation at its sides, growing less and less before and behind, and terminates in front in a rounded margin, and behind in an obtuse short spine. The body is smooth, with no distinct spined papule, but the edges of the ridge and the out- line of the body are thrown into folds, sub-crenated. The body is thickest in the middle, whence it curves anteriorly and posteriorly. PIMELA. ADONETA. 129 General color of the body is pale green and dotted with numerous yellow points. Central ridge is bordered in front with yellow. The /arva feeds on the under side of the leaf of maple in Sep- tember, and the ¢mago appears in the spring.—Clemens, Pro. ma N..S.,, 1860, p. 157. PIMELA Criremens. Lagoa? Walker. P. lanuginosa Clemens. Proc. A. N. 8. Phila. p. 156, 1860. Female? The wings of my specimen are badly worn and de- nuded. Antenne pale brownish-yellow. Face dark brownish; head and tail dull yellow. The anterior tibize and all the tarsi are dark brownish. The undenuded portion of the fore wings at the base, is woolly and pale brownish-yellow. Male? Antenne yellowish-white. Face and the fore legs black- ish-brown, the hairs white and all the tarsi blackish-brown toward the ends. Thorax white, very slightly tinted with yellowish. Ab- domen rather deep, dull yellow. Wings white, slightly tinted with yellowish; fore wings woolly toward the base, with a dark brownish _ discoloration along the upper part of the disk and the costa ad- joining it. CLEMENS. ADONETA CLemens. A. voluta Clemens. Proc. A. N.S. p. 158, 1860. Reddish-brown, somewhat paler in the @ than the %. Fore \ wings with a dingy yellow streak along the base of the inner mar- gin, extended toward the disk above the middle of the wing, and on this portion are two or three blackish dots. On the hind por- tion of the disk is a short black streak. In the % there is another short black streak along the median nervure and its last branch, with a curved row of three black submarginal spots. The lower streak and the spots are as distinct in the 2 as inthe $. In both sexes there is a subapical dingy yellow patch, lightly bordered behind with whitish. Hind margin spotted with black. Hind wing a. reddish-brown. Larva. Body semi-cylindrical, tapering posteriorly, and round- ed obtusely in front. Nearly smooth, but with a subvascular row _ of small fleshy, minutely spined papule on each side of the vascular line, three of which, placed anteriorly, are separated and distinct, 9 i 130 _ LEPIDOPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA. and three approximated on the last rings; the intermediate ones are minute. The outline of the body above the ventral surface is furnished with a row of minute spined papule. Bright green, with a broad dorsal yellow band. containing a reddish purple one, which is constricted opposite the second and third pairs of anterior papule and dilated into an elliptical pateh in the middle of the body. This is almost separated from a smaller elliptical patch which is constricted opposite the third pair of pos- terior papule and ends in a small round patch. The anterior and posterior papulz are crimson and the intermediate ones green. The superventral row of spined papule are green. In September, on the leaf of apricot. Imago in March. CLEMENS. EMPRETIA CLemens. E. stimulea Clemens. Proc. A. N.S. p. 158, 1860. Body and fore wings uniform dark ferruginous, with two small subapical white spots, and in the $ two more near the base of the wing beneath the median nervure. Hind wings pale reddish-brown. Larva. Body semicylindrical, truncated obliquely before and behind, with a pair of anterior long, fleshy, subvascular, slenderly: spined horns and a pair smaller beneath them, above the head; a posterior similar pair and a smaller anal pair beneath them. The superventral row of papule are rather large and densely spined. After the last moulting the longer horns become moderate in length. The portion of the body between the anterior and posterior horns is a fine bright green color, bordered anteriorly and super- ventrally by white, with a central, dorsal, oval reddish-brown patch bordered with white, which color is again edged by a black line. The horns, papul, and anterior portion of the body are reddish- brown, with a small yellow spot between the anterior horns, while the posterior pair are placed in a yellow patch. The spines with which the horns are supplied produce an ex- ceedingly painful sensation when they come in contact with the back of the hand, or any portion of the body on which the skin is thin. On a great variety of plants; fruit trees, the rose, Indian corn (Zea mays), and a number of other plants. CLEMENS. NOCHELIA. 131 E. paenulata Clemens. Proc. A. N. 8. Phila. p. 159, 1860. Body dark reddish-brown. Fore wings dark reddish-brown along all the borders, with a large central pea-green patch, ex- tending from the base of the wing to the subterminal portion, bordered narrowly on the inner side and behind with white, and deeply indented opposite the middle of the inner margin, where there is a bright brown patch in the se a brown border. Hind wings yellowish-brown. I do not know the larval state of this species, and have only two specimens, both apparently females. J can perceive no differ- ence in the structural characters of the imago of this and the pre- vious species, and am quite sure that they belong to the same ' generic group. The discovery of the larval form will, however, determine the question. Illinois. CLEMENS. NOCHELIA Criemens. N. tardigrada Clemens. Proc. A. N. 8. Phil. p. 159, 1860. Male. Body and fore wings rather dark reddish-brown, with a small, nearly triangular pea-green patch narrowly bordered with dark brown at the base of the wing, beneath the median nervure, slightly excavated behind where it adjoins a bright brown patch. Towards the hind end of the disk, in its middle, is a minute oval dark brown streak; two small pea-green subapical spots, the. one nearest the costa minute. Larva. The body is elliptical, much flattened above. There is on each side a row of subvascular, minutely spined papule, of which the three anterior and two posterior are more conspicuous than the rest. The superventral row of papule are moderate, equal, and form the outline of the body. General color very pale green, with dorsal patches of the general hue beautifully margined by crimson lines, and crimson vascular patches, of which those between the fourth and fifth, seventh and eighth pairs of subvascular papulx are most conspicuous, although small. All the papule are pale green. On the apricot in September. Imago in April. The genera Pimela, Limacodes, Adoneta, Empretia, and No- chelia belong to that most anomalous family Limacodide. Per- 132 LEPIDOPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA. haps some of the groups described as new have been heretofore established, but I found the effort to identify them from meagre and unsatisfactory diagnoses of the imago an almost futile task. CLEMENS. Fam. IV. ZYGAENIDAE. Front squamose. Palpi cylindrical, barbate, or hirsute; third article very distinct, sometimes naked. Antenne fusi- form, sometimes cylindric; and moniliform, often pectinate. Tongue long, convolute. Tibize armed at the apex with four more or less distinct spurs. Wings deflected, longer than the body; primaries more narrow; secondaries rounded, very rarely angular. Flight diurnal. JZarva rather contracted, sluggish; head small, pubescent or pilose. Pupa folliculate. | ALYPIA Kirgsy. Body short, rather robust. Head small; eyes moderate. Pro- boscis shorter than half the body. Palpz hairy, extending a little beyond the head; second article a little longer than the first; antenne thicker in the middle than at the apex, nearly as long as the body; thorax thick; abdomen more slender. Wings rather wide, not elongate, rounded on the margins. Feet robust, rather hairy, with strong spines. 1. A. octomaculata Fab. A. octomaculalis Hiibn. A. quadriguttalis Hiibn. Figured in Sm. Abb. pl. 44. Black, with two sulphur-yellow spots on the primaries and two white ones on the secondaries; shoulder-covers and front sulphur- yellow; fore and middle tibie thickly covered with orange hairs. Larva cylindrical, elongated, yellow, with transverse rows of black points, slightly hairy, without a caudal horn. Lives on the grape- vine, and incloses itself in a cocoon in the earth. Northern States. 2. A. guttata Boisd.. Ann. Soc. Ent. X, 2me ser. 320. Upper side black; secondaries without spots; primaries with about eighteen pale yellow, mostly rounded spots, of which two or three, towards the upper edge, are small and punctiform. Body black, with the shoulders and shield pale yellow; end of the PROCRIS. 183 abdomen fulvous, as well as the head. Under side of the primaries like the upper. California. Rare. Borsp. 8. A. McCullochi Kirby. Figured in Kirby, Faun. Amer. Bor. IV, pl. 4, fig. 5. Body and wings very black; orbits of eyes externally clothed with white hairs; tippets whitish; primaries with three white spots, one near the base, oblique, obversely wedge shaped, divided into two by a longitudinal black line; next, at a little distance from the anterior margin, is a subtrapezoidal small white spot, between which and the posterior margin is an articulated band, abbreviated at each end, of the same color, consisting of six spots divided by black lines; the same spots distinguish the under surface of these wings, and besides, there is a whitish longitudinal one on the costal area. The secondaries have three white spots on both surfaces, viz., a large rectangular one near the base divided longitudinally into four; a longitudinal band divided into five spots; the longi- tudinal costal streak may almost be regarded as forming a sixth. The four anterior legs are covered with orange hairs. Canada. Kirsy. Fam. V. GLAUCOPIDIDAE Harris.* PROCRIS Fas. Aglaope Latr. Wings narrow, elongated, opaque, immaculate. Antenne slen- der, tapering at each end, and bipectinated beneath in the males. Palpi small, short, pendent, and nearly naked. Tongue short, but distinct and spiraily rolled. Abdomen slender and nearly cylin- drical in the males, thicker in the females, and tufted at the end. Spurs of the hind tibiw two in number, and very minute. HARRIS. * The succeeding descriptions by Harris will be found in Silliman’s American Journal of Science, vol. xxxvi. 134 LEPIDOPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA. 1. P. americana Boisd. Figured in Guerin’s Iconographie and Griffith’s Cuvier. Blue black, with a saffron colored collar and a fan shaped, some- what bilobed black caudal tuft. Expands from ten lines to an inch. JLarva hairy, green, with black bands. It is gregarious and devours the leaves of the grape vine, and undergoes its trans- formations in an oblong-oval, tough whitish cocoon, which is fas- tened to a leaf. 2. P? smithsoniana Clemens. Pr. A. N. 8. p. 540, 1860. The entire insect is greenish black; immaculate. Texas. CLEMENS. 3. P. (Acoloithus Clemens) falsarius Clem. Pr. A. N.S. p. 540, 1860. Black. Prothorax fulvous, especially on the sides, with a point on the median line black. Hind wings rather thin. Penna., Ill. CLEMENS. MALTHACA CiLemens. M. perlucidula Clemens. Proceedings Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila. 1860, p. 541. Blackish-brown. Wings slightly transparent. Fore wings with the basal half luteous above the fold. Hind wings luteous along the costa from the base to the middle. CLEMENS. GLAUCOPIS Fas. Wings narrow in some, broad in others, entire, for the most part opaque, and with the body more or less glossed with blue, some- times spotted or partially transparent. Antenne feathered or bi- pectinated in both sexes; the pectinations elongated in the males and short in the females. Palpz more or less elongated and re- curved. Tongue moderate, spirally rolled. Caudal tuft minute or wanting. Posterior tibiee with three or four spurs of moderate size. HARRIS. 1. G. ipomoeae Harris. Fore wings greenish-black, with three yellowish-white dots near the front margin and two others close together beyond the middle; GLAUCOPIS. 135 hind wings violet-black, with a transparent colorless spot at base; body tawny orange; antenne and head black, the latter spotted with orange; a broad stripe on the shoulder-covers, a transverse spot on the thorax behind, and the incisures of the abdomen black ; legs violet-black; cox beneath, and a spot on the thighs, orange colored. Southern States. —Expands an inch and three-quarters. Harris. .2, G. (Cosmosoma Hiibn.) omphale Hiibn. (according to Say). Age- ria omphale Say. Figtred in Say Amer. Ent. VII, pl. 19. Scarlet? wings transparent, veined and bordered with black; the first pair with a small black subcostal spot, and the black bor- der very much widened at tip; head azure blue; antenne black, with the tips white; two terminal joints of the palpi, and a line on each shoulder-cover black; four azure-blue dots in a transverse row on the fore part of the thorax; last four segments of the abdomen black, with four azure blue spots on each side, and a dorsal black line extending from the middle of the second segment, including in it seven azure blue spots; belly and outside of the second pair of tibize black. . Florida.—Expands an inch and a half or more. For a specimen of this beautiful insect I am indebted to Mr. Doubleday. It cannot belong to the genus geria, to which it was referred by Mr. Say, in his American Entomology, where it is figured. United States. Harris. 3. G. (Lycomorpha Harris) pholus Fab. Blue-black or deep indigo blue; wings at base and shoulder- covers orange. Expands fourteen or fifteen lines. Larva pale green with yellowish spots running into the green; head black, covered with a few short whitish hairs; body sparingly clothed with rather long hairs, which are white at the sides and black on the back, the hairs arising singly from minute tubercles, those on the third segment the longest, and with the others before them directed forwards. It eats the lichens on stone heaps in shady places, and undergoes #ts transformation in a thin silky cocoon. United States. Harris. 136 LEPIDOPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA. 4. G. semidiaphana Harris. G. fulvicollis Hitbn. Slate color. Wings rather narrow and subacute; first pair brownish slate, with the anterior edge clay-colored; hind wings semi-transparent in the middle; head and antennez black; collar, front edge of the breast, and base of the palpi orange. Expands fifteen to sixteen lines. Middle and Southern States. Harris. 5. G. latreillana Kirby. Faun. Amer. Bor. Fore wings dusky drab with a silky lustre, and the anterior edge clay color; hind wings rusty black; fringes of all the wings white, interrupted with black in the middle; top of the head, orbits be- hind, base of the palpi, front of the breast, and a spot on the fore part of each shoulder-cover orange; thorax, abdomen, and cox glaucous or greenish-blue, with a silky lustre; abdomen beneath and legs light brown. Northern States. Harris. 6. G. latipennis Boisd. Ann. Soc. Ent. X, 2me ser. 320. Wings black, each marked on the disk with a very pale yellow spot, divided into three unequal parts; primaries near the summit, with an oblique band formed of four yellow spots of the same yel- low. Body bluish-black; pectus marked with fulvous. California. Boisp. 7. G. epimenis Drury. Vol. Ill. 39. Probably genus Brepha. Brownish-black. Fore wings sprinkled in spots with light blue scales, which form a narrow band near the hinder margin and marked with a large yellowish-white patch beyond the middle; hind wings with a broad dark orange red band behind the middle. The white spot of the fore wings is indented toward the middle of the wing, and on the under side there is a small triangular spot near the base of the wing and a short transverse one beyond it, which unites behind with the angular projection of the large white patch. Expands rather more than one inch. North America. HARRIS. TROCHILIUM. 137 Fam. VI. AHGERIAD Harris. With alse eyes or ocelli. Secondaries wide, entire; fringe short, vitreous, with a /renulum,; two or three nerves on the interior margin, besides five others without a costal. Hy- menopterous like insects, whose primaries usually are vitre- ous to the margins, and secondaries altogether. Body large; eyes naked; antennze longer than half the primaries, gradu- ally enlarging and again diminishing at the tip; seldom fili- form; usually ciliate in the male, more seldom lamellar or pectinate. Palpi strongly developed, erect, hairy below; terminal joint sharp, naked. Tor the most part a distinet spiral tongue; in Zrochiliwm only two short soft pieces. Legs robust, covered with scales or hairs, with two pairs of long spurs. Abdomen extending far beyond the anal angle, with seven segments (the female has but six), with red, yellow, or white rings, usually with a caudal tuft. Primaries narrow, at least four times longer than wide; interior angle rounded. Secondaries shorter but much wider; anal angle rounded. In a state of repose the wings are usually about half erected. Larva usually whitish, with head dark. Lives in the bark or the interior of trees and shrubs, seldom in the roots or stalks of herbaceous plants. TROCHILIUM Scop. Antenne gradually thickened nearly to the end, which is curved but not hooked; tip with a pencil of hairs. Two short soft pro- cesses instead of a tongue. Hornet like in appearance. ody stout; antenne of the males with a lamellar process at every joint; palpi strong, densely pilose; legs, especially the posterior, clothed with a sort of fur. Male only with a caudal tuft. Primaries often, secondaries always trans- parent. ’ * HARRIS. 1. T. marginatum //arris. Black. Wings transparent; first pair with a broad border, the tip and a transverse band beyond the middle pale brown; hind wings with a broad black fringe; antenne black; two longitudinal lines on the thorax; hind margins of the abdominal segments, 138 LEPIDOPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA. orbits, palpi, and legs, except at base, yellow. Expands rather more than one inch and a quarter. New Hampshire. HARRIS. 2. T. tibiale Harris. Brownish. Wings transparent; first pair with a narrow border and an abbreviated band beyond the middle pale brown; hind wings with a narrow brownish fringe; antennze black; orbits, two lines on the thorax, edges of the abdominal segments and tibiz yellow; hindmost tibize covered with yellow hairs. Expands one inch and a half. The yellow bands on the abdomen are much nar- rower and less bright than in marginatum. New Hampshire.—On Populus candicans. HARRIS. 3. T. denudatum Harris. * Chestnut brown. Fore wings opaque, with a large triangular transparent spot adjacent to the outer hind angle, a rusty red spot at base, and another near the middle; hind wings transparent, with the margin and fringe brown, and a rust red costal spot; orbits, edges of the collar, incisions of the abdomen, tibiz, and tarsi dull yellow; antennz brownish above, rust yellow at tip and beneath. Expands from one inch and a quarter to more than one inch and a half. HARRIS. T. tricincta Harris. Blue-black. Fore wings opaque; hind wings transparent, with the border, fringe, and a short transverse line near the middle black; palpi at tip, collar, a spot on each shoulder, and three bands on the abdomen yellow; antenne short, black; four posterior tibiz banded with orange; tarsi yellow, tipped with black; tail flat, with two longitudinal yellow lines. Expands from one inch to one inch and two lines. Thisyspecies seems to come near to the European 7’ astliformis ; but the male has only three yellow abdominal bands; while in the asiliformis there are five bands in the male sex. The antenne are shorter and thicker than in the following species, and are furnished beneath with a double row of short pectinations or teeth, which are thickly fringed with hairs. The sexes were captured together upon the common tansy. North America. HARRIS. TROCHILIUM. 139 T. cucurbitae Harvis.: ! Fore wings opaque, lustrous olive brown; hind wings transpa- rent, with the margin and fringe brown; antenne greenish-black ; ‘palpi pale yellow, with a little black tuft near the top; thorax olive; abdomen deep orange, with a transverse basal black band, and a longitudinal row of five or six black spots; tibize and tarsi of the hind legs thickly fringed on the inside with black and on the outside with long orange-colored hairs; spurs covered with white hairs. Expands from thirteen to fifteen lines. Larva similar in form and color to those of other species. Lives in the pith of squash and pumpkin vines. Forms in the ground a cocoon composed of grains of earth cemented by a gummy matter. Pupa almost entirely excluded from the cocoon during the last transformation. North America. : HARRIS. T. caudata Harris. Brown. Jale with the fore wings transparent from the base to the middle; hind wings transparent, with a brownish border, fringe, and subcostal spot; antenne, palpi, collar, and tarsi tawny yellow; hind legs yellow; end of the tibice and first tarsal joint fringed with tawny yellow and black hairs; tail slender, cylindrical, nearly as long as the body, tawny yellow, with a little black tuft on each side at base. The female differs from the male in having the fore wings entirely opaque; the hind legs black, with a rusty spot in the middle of the tibize, and fringed with black; caudal tuft of the ordinary form and size. Expands from one inch to one inch and three lines. Larva inhabits the stems of our indigenous currant, Ribes floridum. HARRIS. T. syringae Harris. Brown. Fore wings with a transparent line at base; hind wings transparent, with a brown border, fringe, and subcostal spot; an- tenn, palpi, collar, first and second pairs of tarsi, and middle of the intermediate tibie rust red; middle of the tibiz and the tarsi of the hind legs yellow. Expands one inch and two lines. Larva . lives in the trunks of Syr’nga vulgaris, the common lilac. HARRIS. 140 LEPIDOPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA. T. exitiosa Say. Figured in Say, Amer. Ent. VII, pl. 19. Steel blue. ale with the wings transparent; the margins and fringes, and a band beyond the middle of the first pair steel blue; palpi, collar, edges of the shoulder-covers and of the abdominal segments, two bands on the tibiz including the spurs, anterior tarsi, and lateral edges of the wedge-shaped tail pale yellow. Female with the fore wings opaque; the hind wings transparent, with a broad opaque front margin, and the fringe purple-black ; antenne, palpi, legs, and abdomen steel blue, the latter encircled in the middle by a broad saffron-colored band. Male expands from nine to thirteen lines; female from fifteen to seventeen lines. Larva inhabits the trunks and roots of the peach and cherry trees, beneath the bark. The larva is the well known peach-tree borer, which annually injures to a great extent or destroys numbers of ‘these trees. For the means of preventing its ravages, see Say’s Entomology, Vol. II, and my communication in the New England Farmer, Vol. V, p. 33. The insects above described, though very dissimilar, are really the sexes of one species. I have raised many of them from the larve, and have also repeatedly captured them, in connection, on the trunks of peach and cherry trees. HArRIs. T. fulvipes Harris. Blue black. Wings transparent; margin and fringes, and a transverse band beyond the middle of the first pair blue-black ; antenne black, yellowish at the end; palpi beneath, a spot on the thorax under the origin of the wings, intermediate and hindmost tibia, all the tarsi, and the basal half of the under side of the abdomen orange colored; hindmost tibize somewhat thickened by a covering of tawny hairs. Expands thirteen lines. HARRIS. T. tipuliformis Harris. Blue-black. Wings transparent, with the margin and fringes blackish; the first pair with a transverse blue-black band beyond the middle, and a broad one at tip streaked with copper color; antenne black; palpi beneath, collar, upper edges of the shoulder- covers, a spot on each side of the breast, three narrow rings on the abdomen, ends of the tibiz, and the spurs pale golden yellow; tail fan-shaped, blue-black. The male has an additional transverse yellow line between the second and third abdominal bands. Ex- ——rc el err THYRIS. 141 pands from seven and a half to nine lines. Zarvé lives in the pith of the currant bush. This destructive insect is not a native, but has been introduced from Europe with the cultivated currant bush. HARRIS. T. scitula Harris. Purple-black. Wings transparent, with the margins golden yel- low; the first pair with a narrow purple-brown band beyond the middle and a broad one at the tip ornamented with golden yellow lines; fringes blackish; front and orbits covered with silvery white hairs; antennee black; palpi, collar, upper edges of the shoulder- covers, a narrow band at the base of the abdomen, a dorsal spot behind it, a broad band around the middle, the lateral edges of the fan-shaped tail, anterior coxe, sides of the breast, tibie and tarsi, except at the joints, with the spurs golden-yellow. Expands about eight lines. This beautiful little species is easily distinguished by the prevalence of yellow on the under side of the body and legs. Harris. T. pyri Harris. Purple-black. Wings transparent, with the margins, a narrow band beyond the middle of the first pair, and a broad one at tip, purple-black, the latter streaked with brassy yellow; antenne black- ish; palpi beneath, collar, edges of the shoulder-covers, a broad band across the middle of the abdomen, a narrow one before it, an indistinct transverse line at base, the posterior half of the ab- domen beneath, the sides of the breast, anterior coxe, legs except the joints of the tibiz, and the lateral edges of the wedge-shaped tail golden yellow. Expands six lines and a half. Larva lives under the bark of the pear-tree. For some further particulars respecting this species, see my communication in the New England Farmer, Vol. IX, p. 2, 1830. Harris. THYRIS Ituicer. Wings broad, subtriangular, more or less angulated and indented, opaque, with small semi-transparent spots. -Antenne fusiform, but slender, and only slightly thickened in the middle; arcuated and simple in both sexes. TZongue moderate. ody short and thick ; Abdomen conical and tufted at the end. HARRIS. 142 LEPIDOPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA. T. maculata Harris. 3rownish-black, sprinkled with rust yellow dots; hind margins of the wings deeply scalloped, with the edges of the indentations white; each of the wings with a transparent white spot, which in the fore wings is nearly oval and slightly narrowed in the middle; in the hind wings larger, kidney shaped, and almost divided in two; palpi beneath, a spot before the anterior coxe, the tips of the tar- sal joints above, and the hind edges of the last three or four ab- dominal segments white. Expands from six to eight lines. Massachusetts. HARRIS. Fam. VII. PSYCHIADAE. THYRIDOPTERY&X Srepu. Body of the male densely pilose. Antennse deeply pec- tinated, not longer than the thorax. Abdomen extending beyond the wings. Legs pilose. Wings narrow, bare, vitre- ous, and colorless. Primaries about twice the length of the secondaries, rounded at the tips. Secondaries slightly trunc- ated, with a long and stout frenulum. Female apterous. T. ephemaeraeformis Harris. Black, pilose; wings vitreous; anterior margin of the primaries and interior of the secondaries squamous. Harris. PEROPHORA Harris. Body stout, thickly clothed with short hairs. Proboseis obso- lete, palpi short; antenne of the male deeply pectinated to the tips; abdomen extending beyond the hind wings; legs rather short; femora and tibie thickly pilose; wings rather long, thickly clothed, opaque. Semale winged; antenne moderately pectinated. P. melsheimerii Harris. Pale ash red; wings irrorate with minute black points; a com- mon oblique linear fuscous fascia bent backwards before the apex of the primaries, marked with a larger median blackish point. HARRIS. SPHINGIDAE. 143 Fam. VIII. SPHINGIDAE.! | The perfect insects included in this group are characterized by the absence of simple eyes on the vertex at the base of the antenne. The head is well developed, and well clothed with hairs, that but rarely show a tendency to become tufted; the antennee are prismatic, and more or less thickened towards the tip, where they are recurved in the form of a hook, and surmounted by a ciliated seta; they are doubly ciliated in the males, on the sides of the plates prolonged beneath from the stalk, and nearly simple in the females: in some genera the terminal seta is obsolete, but the stalk is distinctly pris- matic, and the articles are ciliated or bear short pectinations in the males. The eyes are usually large, hemispherical and salient, and the palpi have the third article reduced to a mere point, placed on the summit of the well developed second article. The tongue is usually well developed, and nearly equal to the length of the body; in some instances it is more than twice longer than the body, and in others it is almost obsolete. The thorax is always well developed and large, containing powerful muscles, that are attached to elongated, narrow and dense wings, the inner border of which is much shorter than the exterior, in consequence of the obliquity of the hind margin, and are attached to each other by a bristle and hook. They are characterized by the following peculiarities of struc- ture. The basal portions of the marginal and costal nerv- ures are thick and strong, and contiguous to each other and the subcostal nervure; these and the subcosto-marginal nerv- - ules proceed towards the apex of the wing almost like a bundle of rods, thus forming an external margin capable of resisting rapid and strong vibrations upon the atmosphere. In addition to the two marginal nervules, given off from near the posterior-superior angle of the disk, the subcostal divides into a subcosto-apical, post-apical and inferior nerv- ules. At the origin of the subcosto-inferior, the discal-nerv- 1 The following monograph of the Sphingidz is the production of Dr. Brackenridge Clemens, of Easton, Pa., and was published in the Journal of the Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., July, 1859. By his kind permission it is inserted here. Everything is retained except the admirable paper on Classification which precedes it, and some minor details, besides a few Brazilian species.—J. G. M. 144 LEPIDOPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA. ure takes a transverse course, throwing off near its centre, the disco-central, and joins the submedian at the origin of the medio-superior nervule; in addition to this, the median throws off more posteriorly the medio-central and posterior nervules, Lastly, near the inner margin is found the sub- median nervure, which is simple and usually bifid at the base. In the posterior wings, the costal nervure is simple and prolonged to the hind “margin, and is connected with the subcostal towards the base, ‘by. a short intercostal nervule, The subcostal nervure subdivides into two branches, the apical and postapical; the discal nervure arises at the bifur- cation of the subcostal, and emits the disco-central nervule about its centre, and anastomoses with the submedian at the origin of the medio-superior.” The median nervure is nearly straight, but angulated at the origin of the medio-central, and posterior to this point throws off the medio-posterior. The submedian and internal nervures are both simple. This pterogostic structure, without undergoing any essen- tial variation whatever from the type, is found in all the genera of the group. The abdomen is usually eylindrico-conical, longer than the posterior pair of wings, sometimes tufted at the tip, and each of its segments are furnished on the posterior edges with a row of acute spinules concealed by a covering of scales. The legs are usually long and strong, and the under sur- face of the tarsi roughened with numerous, acute, rigid spin- ules and furnished with a pair of free, simple claws. The anterior tarsi have a long single spur on the inner surface, the middle a terminal pair, and the posterior two pair. The eggs of the perfect insect are deposited singly on the food- plants of the larve, which are usually conspicuous in size when full grown, and live a solitary life. They have naked, cylindrical bodies, varying slightly in form, and pre- senting, usually, differences of ornamentation in the several genera. They possess eight pairs of feet, three of which are thoracic, four abdominal, and one terminal; the latter are large, strong, and almost square, with the plantz situated at the anterior angle. On the dorsum of the eleventh segment is placed a rigid spine, called the caudal horn, and when this is absent it is replaced by a lenticular tubercle. The pupze are cylindrico-conical, with the extremity of the abdominal case terminating in single, stout, acute spine, and is contained in an imperfect cocoon, or near the surface in a cell, or in a subterranean cell. SPHINGIDAE. 145 Synoptical Table of Genera. A. ANTERIOR WINGS ENTIRE. I.* Terminal margin obliquely convex. } Antenne clavato-prismatic or prismatic, with a short hook and sate. { Abdomen long, cylindrico-conical, not tufted at the tip. 1° Tongue twice, or nearly twice, as long as the body. Macrosila.—Head large; eyes very large; wings rather broad, interior angle dilated. c S. Leucophxata.—Head large, eyes very large; wings narrow, interior angle rounded. 2° Tongue nearly as long as the body, or somewhat longer. Sphinx.—Head rather long and narrow, eyes small; wings narrow and long. Macrosila Forestan.—Head large and broad, eyes large; fore wings broad. Wings rather short and broad, hind margin in middle slightly dilated. Dolba.—Tongue a little longer than the body, eyes small, head broad and obtuse. 3° Tongue two-thirds as long as.the body. Pachylia (in part).—Head large, prominent, eyes large; body thick and large. Darapsa, Group Il.—Tongue moderately long. Interior border of wings straight. Lapara.—Tongue moderate; head small and short; palpi very short; abdo- men linear. 4° Tongue about one-third as long as the body. Ceratomia.—Body thick; head small, eyes small; thorax short, globose; abdomen long. Daremma.—Body rather slender; tongue short, distinct ; abdomen taper- ing. 5° Tongue as long as palpi. Ellema.—Body subfusiform ; head small, narrow, subtufted and sessile ; eyes small. tt Antenne slender, minutely serrate-setose. ¢ Abdomen more or less tufted at the tip. (inosanda.—Head slightly crested; tongue moderate; palpi long and slender. Perigonia.—Head rounded, smooth; tongue rather short ; palpi very short and stout. Macroglossa.—Head very broad; tongue one-half as long as body, eyes small; palpi broad beneath. Tit Antenne subclavate or fusiform, with a minute hook. { Abdomen not tufted at the tip. Arctonotus.—Tongue obsolete: or very short; body very pilose; abdomen hardly longer than thorax. 10 146 LEPIDOPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA. Deilephila.—Tongue as long, or nearly as long, as body; abdomen atten- uated at tip. tt Abdomen tufted at the tip. Sesia.—Wings hyaline in the middle. Macroglossa.—Wings opaque; tongue as long as the body. Il*. Terminal margin wavy between nervules. Anceryx.—Tongue as long as the body; head broad and conical, eyes large; wings narrow. M. Antaeus.—Tongue nearly twice as long as the body. S. Juglandis 9 .—Tongue nearly obsolete. IlI.* Terminal margin nearly straight or slightly sinuate. Anceryx Caicus.—Body rather long and slender, wings narrow. + Antenne with a long hook tapering to the end, ciliferous in % , simplein 2. tt Abdomen thick and large; wings deeply concave on inner. border. Tongue two-thirds as long as the body. Pachylia.—Interior angle of hind wings, covered with white scales; head broad, eyes large. Tongue as long as the body. Philampelus. +t Antenne somewhat fusiform, rather short, hook minute. {~ Abdomen oblanceolate, body long and slender. Tongue as long as the body. Anterior wings narrow, tip very acute, tb somewhat hooked. Cherocampa.—Head large, conical; eyes moderate; abdomen with a slen- der pencil of hairs. IV.* Terminal margin excavated by the tip, convex from the middle. t Abdomen without apical tuft. Ambulyx.—Wings narrow and very long; head prominent, conical, ob- tuse; tongue long. Tongue not quite as long as the body, or as long. Pergesa.—Antenne filiform, longer than thorax; body oblanceolate; wings slightly denticulated. Cherocampa (in part). Tongue nearly obsolete. S. Juglandis %, .—Antenne subpectinated. Tongue about one-half as long as the body. Darapsa.—Head subtufted, front nearly vertical, eyes small; antenn®# witha long hook. {{ Abdomen with apical tuft. Fore wings with silvery streaks. Calliomma, Group I].—Head prominent, conical; antennz minutely ser- rate setose. B. ANTERIOR WINGS NOT ENTIRE. I.* Terminal margin angulated, denticulated, excised or indented. 1° Fore wings with angular indentations above interior angle. > { Abdomen with apical tuft. SESIA. 147 Proserpinus.—Antenne clavate with minute hook; tongue as long as body; eyes minute. {{ Abdomen without apical tuft. Unzela.—Antenne rather slender; tongue moderately long. 2° Fore wings circularly excavated near the tip and interior angle, middle rounded. Thyreus, Group I].—Head small, eyes very small; tongue equal to 3d abdominal ring. 3° Fore wings truncated at the tips. } Angulated and denticulated. t Tongue nearly as long as the body. Thyreus, Group I. Abdomen with apical tuft; head broad and obtuse; eyes small, tt Angulated in the middle. f¢{ Abdomen with apical tuft. Enyo.—Antenne subfusiform, short, with angular hook; tongue equal to 3d abdominal ring. Perigonia.—Antenne slender, setaceous; tongue rather short; head ob- tuse ; palpi short. t{{ Abdomen without apical tuft, or scarcely tufted. Calliomma, Group V.—Fore wings with silvery lines (in note). Smerinthus (7m part).—Tongue about as long as palpi. Deidamia.—Tongue two-thirds as long as body; body fusiform. ttt Not angulated in the middle. Perigonia.—Group II. 4° Fore wings denticulated. + Without silvery streaks. Smerinthus.—Tongue about as long as palpi or almost obsolete. tt With silvery streaks and angulated. Calliomma.—Group IV. SESIA Fasr. The body is pilose, stout and more or less oval or elliptical in outline, in the ?, but more elongate and slender in the male. The thorax is advanced and tapers anteriorly to the head, which is ‘small, but free and prominent, with the front broad; the eyes are very small; the palpi exceed the front and terminate acutely in a pencil of hairs; the tongue when unrolled extends to about the 5th abdominal segment; the antenne are longer than the thorax, slen- der at the base, clavate and furnished with a minute seta at the extremity. ‘The abdomen is tufted at the extremity, and about 148 LEPIDOPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA. twice as long as the thorax. The wings are transparent in the middle; the fore wings with the hind margin entire, obliquely convex, and the inner margin concave beyond the inner angle; hind wings somewhat acuminated at the tip and short. The legs are slender and the hind tibis with four moderate spurs. Male, anteane finely ciliferous. Female, nearly simple. The darva tapers anteriorly, has a dorsal and stigmatical stripe, and a short recurved horn. It undergoes its transformation in an imperfect cocoon on the surface of the ground. 1. S. diffinis Boisd. S. fusiformis Abbot & Smith. Figured in Sm. Abb. I, pl. 43. _ Boisd. sp. gen. pl. 15. Head and thorax pale yellowish-green; palpi blackish terminally and. pale yellow beneath; breast pale yellow, with blackish hairs beneath the legs, and all the legs black. The abdomen adjoining the thorax has the thoracic hue; the third and fourth segments, sometimes only the fourth, are black or blackish along the sides of the four first anterior rings, and the fifth and sixth are pale brown- ish mixed with yellow. The ventral surface is bludsh-black, with vale yellow patches corresponding to the tufts on the margins of the fifth and sixth segments. The lateral anal tufts are black, the central pale brown. The disk of the anterior wings is transparent almost to the base, with a narrow, dark brownish border along the costa, a patch on the inner margin tapering to the inner angle, and a narrow terminal border in the ¢, but rather broad ‘and dentate between the nervules in the 9, of the same hue; a ferruginous patch on the apical interspace, sometimes followed by a smaller | one in the succeeding, in the . The posterior wings are bordered with dark brown on the costa near the base, broadly on the inner margin, the terminal margin in the { very narrow, and moderate in the 9. There are variations in color; sometimes the thorax is fawn- colored above and somewhat ochreous beneath: the abdomen fawn- colored at the base, the two middle segments dark reddish-brown, the ends and sides blackish and the two terminal rings fawn-color above, with two large yellow patches on the ventral surface which is black. SESIA. . 149 Mature Larva, Pale pea-green, reddish beneath, with a dark green dorsal line, a pale yellow stigmated stripe. Canada; Northern and Southern United States. CLEMENS. 2. S.thysbe Fab. 8S. pelasgus Cramer. S. cimbiciformis Steph. I. 8S. ruficaudis Kirby, Walker. Figured in Cram. pl. 248.! Head, palpi above and thorax dark green, mixed with brown; palpi on the sides blackish, beneath of a light cream color; the breast and legs, except the tibiz of the hind pair, which are brown- ish, have the same yellowish-white hue. The eyes are slightly encircled with white scales. The two basal segments of the abdo- men above are yellowish-brown; the two middle are deep ferru- ginous or reddish-brown, and the terminal have small ferruginous patches in the middle, the rest of each being a dull, yellowish- brown. ‘The ventral surface is bright ferrnginous, with three or four small yellowish tufts between the segments on the line sepa- rating the dorsal and ventral surfaces; the lateral anal tufts are black, the central reddish-brown and ferruginous beneath. The anterior wings, the basilar space, especially towards the inner mar- gin, is ferruginous, and olivaceous toward the base of costa; the disk is divided by a dark brown line; the costa is dark brown and the broad terminal band has the same hue, with a ferruginous patch in the apical interspace. The posterior wings have a bright ferru- ! S. ruficaudis of Kirby.—‘ Body yellow olive, underneath pale yellow. Antenne black ; fore wings’ reddish-brown, hyaline in the disk, with the hyaline part half divided towards the base, with a costal bar; covered with yellow olive hairs at the base underneath the costa, the posterior margin and the nervures are dark ferruginous; there is also a yellow stripe on the inner side of the base; hind wings hyaline in the disk, base externally and costa yellow; internally the base is ferruginous; underneath the dark part of the wings is ferruginous and the base pale yellow; two first seg- ments of the abdomen yellow olive, two next black, the rest ferruginous, with pale yellow lateral spots.” S. ruficaudis of Walker.—Fawn-color. Head whitish about the antennze and beneath, with a brown band in front. Pectus testaceous. Abdomen deep red, fawn-color at the base, with testaceous spots along each side ; hind borders of segments black; apical tuft red, with some black hairs on each side. Wings limpid, deep red at the base, and with broad deep red borders. Fore wings deep red at the tips and with a blackish discal streak. Length of the body 9—12 lines; of the wings 18—24 lines. 150 LEPIDOPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA. ginous, broad inner border, a moderately broad duller terminal band, the nervules in which are blackish. Mass.; Canada; New York; New Jersey; Pennsylvania. CLEMENS. 8. S. fusicaudis Walker, C. B. M. p. 83. Light fawn-color. Head beneath and pectus whitish testaceous. Palpi prominent. Abdomen deep red; basal part light fawn-color, bordered with white; a row of testaceous spots along each side. Apical tuft blackish-brown ; middle third part deep red. Wings limpid, deep red towards the base, and with very broad deep red borders. Fore wings fawn-color at the base, deep red towards the tips. Length of the body 13—14 lines; of the wings 25—27 lines. Georgia. CLEMENS. MACROGLOSSA Ocus. The body is rather short, stout, and thick. The head is large, broad, and prominent; the antennz with a minute seta and about as long as the thorax; the eyes small and rather flattened; the palpi thick and very broad beneath. The thorax is thick, well advanced in front of the anterior wings, and tapering but little to the head. The abdomen is flattened beneath, tufted at the tip, and about twice as long as the thorax. The legs rather slender; hind tibize with four moderate spurs. The wings are opaque; the length of the anterior is somewhat less than that of the entire body, rather more than twice longer than broad across the inner angle, and sometimes thrice; hind margin entire, very obliquely convex, and the inner margin concave above the inner angle. Larva.—The European type of this genus has a small head and a caudal horn on the 11th ring, and tapers anteriorly ; the skin is finely shagreened and is marked by a stigmatal and substigmatal line. It undergoes its transformation on the surface of the ground in an imperfect cocoon. The pupa is elongated, with the head- case very salient. § Antenne subclavate; tongue as long as the body.(?) MACROGLOSSA. 151 1. M. flavofasciata Walker, C. B. M. p. 87. Testaceous blackish beneath. Head with a blackish band in front. Abdomen blackish, with a testaceous tuft on each side at the tip. Wings blackish-brown, with a broad oblique luteous band. Fore wings somewhat luteous beneath toward the base. Length of the body 8 lines, of the wings 20 lines. Albany River; Hudson’s Bay. CLEMENS. §§ Antenne slender, scarcely clavato-prismatic ; tongue about one-half as long as the body; not pilose. 2. M. tantalus Linn. Sphinx ixion Linn. Sphinx zonata Drury. Sphinx titan Cram. MM, annulosum Swainson, pl. 132, f.1. MM. balteata? Kirtland. Figuredin Cram. pl. 68. Drury, pl. 26. Swains. pl. 132. Head, palpi above and thorax brown, but in the recent specimen tinged with deep olivaceous; palpi beneath whitish, and the breast and legs ash-colored or brownish-white in the male; in the female these parts have a more or less brownish hue. Abdomen brown or olivaceous brown, with the third segment banded above with white; beneath brown, the upper segments in the males having an ashy hue, with four white points on the lateral, hind portions of the ventral segments; lateral terminal tufts blackish-brown, the central testaceous. Anterior wings ferruginous-brown with a dou- ble row of whitish spots extending from the discal spot to the inner margin; discal spot blackish surrounded with white; with three white subterminal spots approximated in the subcosto-inferior, me- dio-superior, and central interspaces, and a terminal dull brownish band. Posterior wings blackish, costal border pale brownish-white, fringe above white and short. South America; Mexico; West Indies; Texas; Ohio. CLEMENS. 3. M. ceculus Cramer II, 80, pl. 146. JZ. fusciatum Swainson II, pl. 132. Head, palpi and thorax obscure brown; palpi beneath and breast white. Thorax with a blackish patch above the base of the wings. Abdomen brown inclining to blackish posteriorly, with two orange- colored spots on each side of the second and third segments, a blackish-brown patch on the fourth and a pale yellow spot onthe fifth, with a lateral tuft beneath it of the same hue. ‘Terminal tufts dark brown. Abdomen beneath brown. Anterior wings obscure purplish-brown, varied with dark brown; a dark brown 152 LEPIDOPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA. patch at the base, with a line and band of the same hue crossing the disk; a dark brown demi-line extending from the origin of the medio-central nervule to the inner margin, and a line crossing the base of the nervules furcate above, with a subterminal band also furcate toward costa, of the same hue; a white spot in medio- central interspace. Posterior wings blackish-brown, with a cen- tral pale orange-yellow band. South America; Mexico. CLEMENS. 4. M. sagra Poey. Cent. de Lep. de l’Ile de Cuba, Decade II, with figure. Walker, C. B. M. p. 89. Cinereous brown, testaceous beneath. Thorax with two ferru- ginous stripes on the sides, margined between with hoary. sss oe > Sw I> >>> I> Sass: p> bee Dobe es te eee Sess Sos ae ons : be DD * a FF __*~s- ea = »> >» Sn >) ! 22 oe Sp SD Sp ~ppy > > _»» =D DD Dp i> >>> p> SPP SS. ee RTT ONE Cea i ne NN ARIES i My re i i uu NEON) iy nto Ay Bi 3 , i m _ \ , H "A rp is AEN i aN ANY EATEN ‘ ARG ca aa AY ’ Y RADAR ‘ op at ot Poa LN ; ; RHA oh f e Ni iM CNTY | 3 eA it aN wi 4s i be LNs . rf i | ie < 3 nn eh a RU Sau o : RIN : Aa : i i Re HA ‘i ao ELOY 7 oan ‘ sun! ns Pani a a AON i a : ul NY Ay u i aN ) = Sloe es